A
SHORT
TREATISE
OF
DIALLING
:
SHEWING
,
THE
MAKING
OF
ALL
sorts
of
Sun-dials
,
Horizontal
,
Erect
,
Direct
,
Declining
,
Jnclining
,
Reclining
;
vpon
any
flat
or
plaine
superficies
,
how
soeuer
placed
,
with
ruler
and
compasse
onely
,
without
any
Arithmaticall
calculation
.
By
EDWARD
WRIGHT
.
LONDON
,
Printed
by
Iohn
Beale
for
WILLIAM
WELEY
.
1614.
The
Contents
of
this
Booke
.
-
Chap.
1.
The
making
of
the
Clinatory
.
-
Chap.
2.
The
first
diuision
of
dials
into
Horizontall
,
erect
inclining
,
and
reclining
.
-
Chap.
3.
The
second
diuision
of
Dials
into
direct
&
declining
.
-
Chap.
4.
The
third
diuision
of
Dials
,
either
agreeing
with
the
plaine
of
the
Meridian
,
or
disagreeing
from
the
same
.
-
Chap.
5.
To
find
the
eleuation
of
the
meridian
line
aboue
the
Horizon
.
-
Chap.
6.
The
describing
of
the
figure
of
the
dial
first
on
paper
,
pasteboard
.
-
Chap.
7.
The
making
of
Aequinoctial
Dials
.
-
Chap.
8.
The
finding
of
the
substilar
line
,
and
stile
,
in
grounds
not
Equinoctial
direct
,
and
Polar
.
-
Chap.
9.
The
finding
of
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
Meridian
line
in
dials
,
that
be
neither
equinoctial
nor
polar
.
-
Chap.
10.
The
finding
of
the
substilar
line
&
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
it
,
when
the
stile
maketh
a
right
angle
with
the
merid
▪
line
.
-
Chap.
11.
From
which
end
of
the
Meridian
line
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
is
to
be
counted
.
-
Chap.
12.
The
finding
of
the
substilar
line
&
stile
in
dials
that
be
not
Polar
nor
Equinoctial
the
stile
making
oblique
angles
with
the
Meridian
line
.
-
Chap.
13.
The
drawing
of
the
line
of
contingence
,
and
of
the
Equinoctial
circle
,
and
how
it
must
be
diuided
.
-
Chap.
14.
The
drawing
of
the
houre
lines
in
all
dials
that
be
not
Aequinoctiall
.
-
Chap.
15.
What
number
must
be
set
to
the
houre
lines
.
-
Chap.
16.
What
houre
lines
are
to
be
expressed
in
all
sorts
of
dials
.
-
Chap.
17.
How
to
translate
the
dial
drawne
on
paper
,
or
paste-board
vnto
the
dial
ground
.
line
.
|
Errat
.
|
Correct
.
|
B2
b
28
|
neither
|
nether
|
B3
b
2
|
cliniatorie
|
clinatory
|
B3
b
2
|
liue
|
line
|
B3
b
10
|
made
|
make
|
B4
a
12
|
alother
|
all
other
Also
in
the
Diagramme
placed
there
,
and
in
the
leafe
following
,
let
K
&
●
be
changed
each
into
others
place
.
|
B4
b
14
|
horozontal
|
horizontal
|
C1
b
21
|
l●aueth
|
leaneth
|
C3
a
25
|
ground
|
grounds
|
C3
a
29
|
drawe
|
drewe
|
D1
a
25
|
neather
|
nether
|
D3
a
20
|
contingency
|
contingence
|
D4
b
2
|
gen●y
|
gence
|
E1
a
8
|
u●ust
|
must
|
E1
b
23
|
night
from
thence
:
|
night
:
from
thence
|
E2
a
17
|
zersection
|
tersection
|
E2
b
4
|
continue
|
conteine
|
E3
a
8
|
as
the
|
in
the
|
E3
a
9
|
in
the
|
as
the
|
E3
a
15
|
nto
|
into
|
E3
b
12
|
on
the
|
one
on
the
|
E3
b
14
|
bastbord
|
pastborde
.
|
IT
is
also
to
be
remembred
that
there
should
haue
been
numbers
set
to
euery
one
of
the
figures
,
or
pictures
of
the
dials
,
adioined
to
the
end
of
this
treatise
,
beginning
at
E4
b
,
as
there
is
to
the
three
last
,
viz.
the
16.
17.
and
18.
figure
.
As
in
the
7.
Chap.
where
I
shewe
the
making
of
Aequinoctial
dials
sect
4.
when
I
referre
you
to
the
first
and
second
figure
,
I
meane
the
figues
or
pictures
of
the
Aequinoctial
dials
in
E4
b.
To
the
first
of
these
therfore
there
should
be
set
[
1.
Figure
,
to
the
next
[
2.
Figure
,
and
to
the
first
of
the
polar
dials
in
F1
b
,
there
should
be
set
[
3.
Figure
,
and
to
the
next
in
F2
a
[
4
Figure
&c.
Also
in
the
18.
figure
the
line
F.
E.
should
haue
beene
continued
vpwards
so
much
longer
,
and
it
is
between
R.
and
E
,
and
at
the
end
thereof
being
so
continued
the
letter
▪
should
be
set
.
A
TREATISE
OF
DIALLING
CAP.
I.
The
making
of
the
Clinatory
.
1
DIals
are
diuersly
made
according
as
they
are
diuersly
placed
.
Therefore
their
situation
must
first
be
knowne
:
which
may
be
done
by
an
instrument
not
vnfitly
called
a
Clinatory
.
2
Let
this
instrument
be
made
iust
foure
square
,
and
let
the
thicknesse
bee
about
halfe
a
quarter
of
the
breadth
of
it
,
vpon
one
side
therof
describe
a
quadrant
,
whose
two
semidiameters
or
sides
must
be
paralel
to
the
side
of
the
quadrate
.
3
The
quadrant
must
bee
diuided
into
90.
degrees
,
with
figures
set
to
euery
fifth
or
tenth
degree
(
as
the
manner
is
)
both
forward
and
backward
,
and
without
the
peripherie
thereof
,
a
groofe
or
furrowe
must
be
made
so
deepe
that
a
plummet
hanging
by
a
thrid
from
the
Center
of
the
quadrant
may
fall
into
it
,
in
such
sort
that
the
thrid
may
come
close
to
the
degrees
of
the
quadiant
.
4
Close
within
the
limb
of
this
quadrant
make
a
great
round
hole
or
box
,
for
the
placing
of
a
magneticall
needle
within
the
same
,
whose
true
Meridian
line
must
bee
perpendicular
to
one
of
the
sides
of
the
quadrant
,
which
shall
be
called
the
North
side
,
and
the
other
side
of
the
quadrant
shall
bee
called
the
East-side
,
to
the
which
the
Westside
of
the
Clinatory
is
opposite
,
as
the
South
side
of
the
Clinatorie
is
opposite
to
the
Northside
of
the
quadrant
:
and
the
magneticall
Meridian
,
must
bee
drawne
in
the
bottome
of
the
box
according
to
the
variation
of
the
place
where
you
are
.
The
figure
of
the
Clinatory
.
CAP.
II.
The
first
diuision
of
Dials
into
Horizontall
,
erect
inclining
,
and
reclining
.
EVery
flat
whereupon
a
Diall
is
to
bee
The
Dial
ground
.
made
(
which
is
also
called
the
Diall
ground
)
either
lieth
leuel
with
the
horizon
,
or
els
is
eleuated
the
one
side
higher
then
the
other
.
2
The
first
kinde
is
thus
known
:
Take
the
Horizontal
flats
:
and
how
they
are
known
.
Clinatorie
and
hold
it
so
that
the
plummet
fall
vpon
on
of
the
Semidiameters
,
or
sides
of
the
Quadrant
:
then
if
the
nether
side
of
the
Clinatory
,
which
way
so
euer
you
turne
the
instrument
,
will
touch
the
flat
,
it
lieth
leuel
with
the
Horizon
,
and
Dials
made
vpon
such
flats
,
are
called
Horizontal
Dials
.
3
Those
flats
which
are
eleuated
the
one
Eleuated
flats
;
Erect
,
Inclining
Reclining
:
and
how
they
are
to
be
known
side
higher
then
the
other
,
stand
either
vpright
(
which
are
called
erect
)
or
else
,
they
stand
leaning
:
if
they
leane
to
you
ward
,
when
you
stand
right
against
them
,
they
are
called
inclining
:
otherwise
reclining
,
if
they
leane
from
you
ward
.
4
All
these
flats
are
thus
knowne
:
Holding
the
Clinatory
as
before
;
if
either
the
right
,
or
the
left
side
thereof
(
whereto
the
plumbline
is
aequidistant
)
will
touch
and
lie
close
to
the
flat
,
it
is
erect
:
but
if
either
of
the
neither
corners
onely
touch
it
,
it
is
reclining
:
if
either
of
the
vpper
corners
onely
touch
it
,
it
is
inclining
.
5
And
how
much
the
reclination
or
inclination
is
,
you
shall
know
after
this
manner
.
6
Set
one
of
the
sides
of
the
Clinatory
to
the
To
know
how
much
the
reclination
or
inclination
is
.
flat
,
in
such
sort
,
that
the
plumbline
hanging
at
liberty
,
may
fall
vpon
the
circumference
of
the
quadrant
:
for
then
the
arke
of
the
quadrant
,
betwixt
the
plumbline
and
that
side
of
the
quadrant
that
is
parallell
,
or
aequidistant
to
the
slatte
,
is
the
reclination
thereof
,
if
the
center
of
the
quadrant
be
from
the
flat
,
or
else
the
inclination
,
if
it
bee
towards
the
same
.
CAP.
III.
The
second
diuision
of
Dials
into
direct
and
declining
.
ALl
flats
are
either
direct
,
or
declining
.
2
All
flats
lying
leuel
with
the
Horizon
are
direct
.
3
But
if
the
flat
lie
not
leuel
with
the
Horizon
:
you
shall
thus
know
whether
it
be
direct
or
declining
.
First
,
draw
therein
a
line
parallel
to
the
Horizon
,
after
this
manner
:
holde
the
Clinatory
to
the
flat
in
such
sort
,
that
the
plumbline
may
fall
vpon
one
of
the
sides
of
the
quadrant
;
then
draw
a
line
by
the
nether
side
of
the
Clinatory
in
recliners
;
or
by
the
vpper
side
in
incliners
,
or
by
either
of
those
sides
in
erect
flats
,
for
that
line
shall
be
parallel
or
aequidistant
to
the
Horizon
,
and
may
be
called
the
Horizontall
line
.
Set
the
North
side
of
the
Cliniatorie
to
this
liue
,
if
the
North
end
of
the
needle
looke
towards
the
flat
:
then
if
the
Magnetical
Meridian
be
right
vnder
the
needle
,
it
is
a
direct
flat
:
but
if
it
differ
from
it
,
it
is
declining
,
and
that
so
much
as
that
difference
is
,
and
that
way
which
the
North
end
of
the
needle
declineth
from
the
Northend
of
the
Meridian
line
in
the
clinatory
.
4
If
the
Southend
of
the
needle
looke
towards
the
flat
,
made
your
account
contrary
wise
.
CHAP.
IV.
The
third
diuision
of
Dials
,
either
agreeing
with
the
plaine
of
the
Meridian
,
or
disagreeing
from
the
same
.
ALl
flats
doe
either
agree
with
the
plaine
of
the
Meridian
circle
(
which
may
therefore
bee
called
meridian
flats
)
or
else
they
disagree
from
the
same
.
2
They
are
knowne
thus
:
If
the
flat
bee
erect
and
declining
90.
degrees
,
it
is
a
Meridian
flat
,
otherwise
it
is
no
Meridian
flat
;
and
then
you
must
first
draw
therin
the
meridian
line
,
after
this
maner
.
3
If
the
flat
be
Horizontal
,
take
the
clinatory
How
to
drawe
the
Meridian
line
,
in
Horizontall
flats
.
and
lay
it
flat
downe
thereupon
;
and
turning
it
about
till
the
needle
hang
precisely
ouer
the
Magneticall
meridian
,
by
that
side
thereof
that
is
parallel
to
the
true
Meridian
line
of
the
Clinatory
,
drawe
a
right
line
,
for
that
shal
be
the
Meridian
line
desired
.
4
In
erect
flats
the
Meridian
line
is
perpendicular
,
and
therefore
laying
the
Clinatory
close
to
such
a
flat
in
such
sort
that
the
plumbline
hang
precisely
In
erect
flats
.
on
either
side
of
the
quadrant
,
a
line
drawne
by
the
side
of
the
clinatory
,
parallel
to
that
side
of
the
quadrant
,
shall
be
the
meridian
line
.
5
In
direct
flats
,
a
line
perpendicular
to
the
line
In
direct
flats
.
aequidistant
from
the
Horizon
,
is
the
Meridian
line
we
seeke
for
.
6
In
flats
reclining
or
inclining
,
declining
also
In
reclining
or
inclining
flats
,
declining
90.
degrees
.
90.
degrees
(
which
are
commonly
called
,
East
,
or
West
reclining
or
inclining
)
the
meridian
line
is
parallel
to
the
horizon
.
7
For
alother
In
incl●ning
or
reclining
flats
declining
lesse
then
90.
degrees
.
inclining
or
reclining
,
&
withall
declining
flats
,
drawe
a
line
vpon
some
pastbord
or
paper
which
shall
bee
called
the
horizontal
meridian
AB
.
wherein
settingone
foot
of
your
compasses
,
with
the
other
draw
an
arch
of
a
circle
;
&
therin
reckon
the
complement
of
the
declination
FC
.
drawing
a
right
line
BC.
by
the
end
thereof
out
of
the
center
B.
This
right
line
you
shall
crosse
squire-wise
with
another
as
AC
.
which
may
be
called
the
base
of
inclination
or
reclination
,
and
must
also
meet
with
the
horizontall
meridian
at
A.
and
setting
one
foot
of
your
compasses
in
the
crossing
at
C.
with
the
other
foote
draw
an
arke
,
counting
therein
the
complement
of
the
reclination
or
inclination
AG.
drawing
a
right
line
by
the
end
therof
,
out
of
the
center
of
the
foresaid
ark
CGD
.
&
from
A
erect
AD.
perpendicular
to
AC
.
which
may
meet
with
CGD
.
the
line
of
reclination
or
inclination
at
D.
Also
from
A.
draw
the
line
AF.
perpendicular
to
the
horozontal
meridian
,
AB
.
in
the
point
A.
and
equal
to
the
former
perpendicular
AD.
and
from
the
end
therof
draw
a
line
to
(
the
center
of
the
arke
of
declination
)
B.
Then
continuing
foorth
AC
.
to
N.
(
that
CN
.
be
equall
to
CD
)
from
N.
you
shall
draw
a
line
to
B.
which
(
if
you
haue
wrought
truely
)
must
be
equall
to
BE.
Now
the
angle
contained
betweene
the
lines
NB.
and
BC.
sheweth
how
much
the
Meridian
line
in
your
Diall
ground
should
be
distant
from
the
line
which
you
drew
aequidistant
to
the
Horizon
heere
represented
by
BC.
In
this
line
therefore
(
in
the
Dial
ground
)
set
one
foote
of
your
compasses
,
and
extending
the
other
that
way
which
the
Diall
declineth
,
drawe
an
arke
of
a
circle
,
vpwards
in
recliners
,
but
downewards
in
incliners
:
and
therein
count
the
said
angle
from
the
line
parallel
to
the
Horizon
,
and
drawe
by
the
end
thereof
a
line
,
which
shall
bee
the
true
Meridian
in
the
Dial
ground
.
8
From
To
finde
the
angle
which
the
dial
ground
(
or
flat
)
maketh
with
the
plaine
of
the
meridian
.
A
draw
AH
perpendicular
to
EB
.
make
BI
.
equal
to
BH
.
from
I.
let
IK
be
drawn
perpendicular
to
BN
.
make
CL.
equal
to
CK
and
drawe
a
line
from
L
to
A.
of
these
three
lines
AH
.
IK
.
and
LA.
make
the
triangle
AHM.
for
then
the
angle
AHM.
is
the
angle
which
the
dial
ground
maketh
with
the
plain
of
the
meridian
.
CHAP.
V.
To
finde
the
eleuation
of
the
Meridian
line
aboue
the
Horizon
.
THe
Meridian
line
is
either
parallel
to
the
Horizon
,
or
else
eleuated
the
one
end
How
to
finde
the
eleuation
of
the
meridian
line
.
higher
then
the
other
.
2
If
the
flat
bee
either
horizontal
,
or
East
,
or
West
,
and
inclining
,
or
reclining
,
the
meridian
is
parallel
to
the
Horizon
.
3
In
all
other
flats
that
disagree
from
the
plaine
of
the
Meridian
circle
,
the
Meridian
line
is
eleuated
the
one
end
higher
then
the
other
.
4
This
eleuation
is
either
vpright
,
as
in
all
erect
The
eleuation
of
the
meridian
line
in
erect
dials
.
In
reclining
or
inclining
direct
flats
;
in
reclining
or
inclining
declining
flats
.
Dials
not
declining
90.
degrees
,
or
else
leaning
,
as
in
all
inclining
,
and
reclining
flats
not
declining
90
degrees
,
which
if
they
be
direct
,
is
equall
to
the
complement
of
reclination
,
or
inclination
.
5
But
if
they
decline
,
then
the
angle
ABE
.
in
the
former
figure
,
is
the
eleuation
of
the
Meridian
line
.
6
If
the
meridian
line
bee
not
erect
,
it
leaueth
either
Northwards
,
when
the
eleuated
end
thereof
The
eleuation
of
the
meridian
whether
North
or
South
.
looketh
towards
the
North
,
or
else
Southwards
when
the
eleuated
end
looketh
towards
the
South
.
7
All
flats
are
either
Polar
(
which
being
continued
▪
would
goe
by
the
poles
of
the
world
)
as
all
Flats
polar
.
leaning
flats
,
wherein
the
eleuation
of
the
meridian
line
is
Northwards
,
and
equall
to
the
poles
eleuation
▪
and
all
erect
decliners
90.
degrees
.
Otherwise
they
are
no
polar
flats
.
Not
polar
.
CHAP.
VI.
The
describing
of
the
figure
of
the
Diall
first
on
paper
or
pasteboard
.
NOw
it
shall
bee
best
to
take
a
sheet
of
paper
,
or
rather
a
pastebord
,
that
you
may
therein
describe
the
figure
of
your
Dial
,
before
you
draw
the
Diall
it selfe
vpon
his
ground
:
that
is
,
vpon
the
Truncke
,
Stone
,
wall
,
&c.
2
This
paper
,
or
pasteboord
therefore
,
you
shall
place
,
or
vnderstand
to
be
placed
so
as
your
Dial
ground
is
or
must
be
placed
,
and
therein
write
the
names
of
the
parts
of
the
world
,
as
they
lie
in
respect
of
your
Dial
ground
,
as
East
,
West
,
North
,
South
,
Zenith
,
Nadir
,
vpper
part
,
nether
part
,
&c.
which
you
may
do
by
helpe
of
the
magnetical
needle
:
for
the
North
end
thereof
(
hanging
at
liberty
)
sheweth
the
North
,
whereto
the
South
is
diametrally
opposite
;
and
your
face
being
turned
towards
the
North
,
your
right
hand
sheweth
the
East
,
your
left
hand
the
West
,
the
Zenith
,
or
verticall
point
is
aboue
your
head
,
the
Nadir
vnder
your
feete
.
Note
also
,
which
end
of
the
Meridian
line
must
be
higher
,
and
which
lower
;
if
the
Meridian
be
not
parallel
to
the
Horizon
.
CHAP.
VII
.
The
making
of
Aequinoctiall
Dials
.
ALl
Diall
grounds
are
aequinoctiall
,
or
not
aequinoctiall
.
2
An
aequinoctiall
ground
is
that
which
agreeth
euen
with
the
plaine
of
the
aequinoctiall
Circle
:
which
is
thus
knowne
.
If
the
Diall
ground
be
direct
,
and
the
Meridian
line
eleuated
Southwards
,
equally
to
the
complement
of
the
poles
eleuation
,
it
is
an
Equinoctiall
Diall
ground
,
otherwise
not
.
3
In
an
Equinoctial
Dial
you
shall
describe
the
houre
lines
after
this
manner
.
4
Set
one
foot
of
your
Compasses
in
the
Meridian
How
to
make
Equinoctial
Dials
.
line
AB
.
and
with
the
other
,
drawe
a
circle
DBC
.
and
deuide
it
into
24.
equall
parts
,
as
D.
E.
F.
G.
&c.
beginning
at
B.
the
crossing
therof
,
with
the
Meridian
line
;
for
then
right
lines
,
as
AD.
AE.
AF.
AG.
&c.
in
the
1.
and
2.
figure
drawne
out
of
the
Center
,
by
those
diuisions
shall
bee
the
houre
lines
.
5
The
stile
must
stand
vpright
out
of
the
center
Placing
of
the
stile
.
of
the
Diall
.
6
Of
Equinoctiall
Dials
there
be
two
sorts
,
the
vpper
and
the
nether
.
7
The
vpper
Equinoctial
Diall
looketh
vpwards
Vpper
Equinoctial
dial
.
to
the
eleuated
Pole
of
the
world
:
And
it
sheweth
the
houre
of
the
day
,
onely
in
the
Spring
and
Summer
time
,
as
in
the
first
figure
.
8
The
nether
,
or
lower
Equinoctial
dial
,
is
that
Neather
Equinoctial
dial
.
which
looketh
downewards
to
that
Pole
of
the
world
which
is
beneath
the
Horizons
and
sheweth
the
houres
onely
in
Autumne
,
and
Winter
,
as
in
the
second
figure
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
The
finding
of
the
substilar
line
,
and
stile
,
in
grounds
not
Equinoctiall
direct
,
and
Polar
.
IN
all
Dial
grounds
that
are
not
Equinoctiall
,
the
substilar
line
,
and
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
substilar
must
bee
found
.
2
The
substilar
line
is
that
right
ouer
which
the
Substilar
line
.
stile
must
be
set
.
3
The
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
substilar
,
is
Distance
of
the
stile
from
the
substilar
.
the
angle
,
or
space
contained
betweene
the
stile
,
and
the
substilar
line
.
4
The
finding
out
of
these
is
diuers
,
in
diuers
The
finding
of
the
substilar
line
.
kinds
,
and
therefore
must
bee
specially
shewed
in
each
kinde
.
5
In
direct
Dial
grounds
not
Equinoctiall
,
and
In
direct
flats
not
aquinoctial
In
Polars
not
Meridian
.
Polars
not
Meridian
,
the
substilar
line
is
the
same
with
the
Meridian
line
,
or
else
parallel
thereto
,
in
declining
polars
.
6
In
Polar
ground
▪
agreeing
with
the
plaine
of
In
Meridian
Polars
.
the
Meridian
,
the
substilar
line
may
thus
be
found
.
7
Set
one
foot
of
the
compasses
in
the
South-end
of
the
line
that
you
drawe
equidistant
from
the
Horizon
and
extending
the
other
foot
towards
the
North
end
of
the
same
line
,
draw
an
arke
of
a
circle
:
therein
reckon
the
eleuation
of
the
Pole
beginning
at
the
foresaid
line
:
for
a
right
line
drawne
thereby
out
of
the
center
,
shall
be
the
substilar
line
AB
.
figure
.
3.
8
In
al
Polar
grounds
draw
a
parallel
CD
.
(
figu
.
The
stilar
line
in
all
Polar
Dials
.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
)
to
the
substilar
line
at
a
conuenient
distance
from
the
same
;
for
that
shall
be
the
line
representing
the
stile
.
CHAP.
IX
.
The
finding
of
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
Meridian
line
in
Dials
that
be
neither
equinoctial
nor
polar
.
IN
all
Dial
grounds
that
be
not
aequinoctiall
nor
polar
,
before
the
substilar
line
,
and
distance
of
the
stile
from
it
can
be
found
,
first
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
Meridian
line
must
be
found
after
this
maner
.
2
If
the
Meridian
line
be
parallel
to
the
Horizon
,
as
BC.
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
Meridian
line
,
is
equal
to
the
height
of
the
Pole
,
as
BR.
3
But
if
the
eleuation
of
the
Meridian
be
either
vpright
,
as
AG.
or
leaning
towards
the
North
,
and
withall
greater
then
the
Poles
eleuation
,
as
AH
.
the
height
of
the
Pole
BR.
taken
out
of
the
height
of
the
Meridian
line
BH
.
or
BG
.
shal
leaue
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
Meridian
line
RH
.
or
RG
.
4
If
the
eleuation
of
the
meridian
line
be
Northwards
,
and
lesse
then
the
height
of
the
Pole
,
as
BI
.
take
the
eleuation
of
the
meridian
line
BI
.
out
of
the
height
of
the
pole
BR.
and
there
shall
remaine
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
Meridian
line
RI.
5
If
the
eleuation
of
the
Meridian
line
be
Southwards
,
and
either
greater
,
or
equal
to
the
complement
of
the
Poles
eleuation
,
as
AF.
and
AE.
then
the
complement
of
the
Meridian
lines
eleuation
,
FG.
or
EG
.
added
to
the
complement
of
the
Poles
eleuation
GR.
shall
make
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
meridian
line
.
6
If
the
eleuation
of
the
meridian
line
be
Southward
and
lesse
then
the
complement
of
the
poles
eleuation
as
CD
.
the
eleuation
of
the
meridian
line
CD
and
the
height
of
the
Pole
C●
.
put
together
shall
make
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
meridian
line
.
CHAP.
X.
The
finding
of
the
substilar
line
and
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
it
,
when
the
stile
maketh
a
right
angle
with
the
meridian
line
.
SEcondly
,
in
a
ground
not
Equinoctial
nor
Polar
we
must
consider
whether
the
stile
make
a
right
angle
,
or
an
oblique
angle
with
the
meridian
line
.
2
The
stile
shall
make
a
right
angle
with
the
meridian
line
,
if
the
eleuation
of
the
meridian
line
be
Southwards
and
equall
to
the
complement
of
the
Poles
eleuation
,
as
in
the
9.
10.
11.
and
12.
figure
Herein
a
right
line
drawne
squirewise
ouerthwart
the
meridian
line
,
towards
that
part
of
the
world
,
which
is
opposite
to
that
whereto
the
dial
ground
declineth
,
shall
be
the
substilar
line
,
as
BA
.
in
the
9.
10.
11.
and
12.
figu
.
and
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
substilar
line
shal
bee
equall
to
the
angle
which
the
dial
ground
maketh
with
the
plaine
of
the
meridian
circle
as
the
angle
BAD
.
fig.
9.
10.
11.
12.
which
angle
is
found
by
the
third
Chap.
CHAP.
XI
.
From
which
end
of
the
Meridian
line
,
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
is
to
be
counted
.
IF
the
stile
make
an
oblique
angle
with
the
meridian
line
,
we
must
first
finde
out
from
whether
end
of
the
meridian
line
,
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
must
be
reckoned
,
thus
:
2
If
the
meridian
line
be
parallel
to
the
horizon
as
in
the
13.
figure
,
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
shal
be
reckoned
from
the
North
end
of
the
meridian
line
in
reclining
,
and
horizontal
flats
looking
vpwards
,
as
BR.
from
B
in
the
former
figure
,
but
contrariwise
in
incliners
as
PC
.
from
C.
in
the
same
figure
.
3
If
the
meridian
line
be
eleuated
the
one
end
higher
then
the
other
from
the
horizon
,
and
the
dial
ground
looke
towards
the
South
,
the
eleuation
of
the
meridian
being
also
Northwards
,
and
lesse
then
the
eleuation
of
the
pole
:
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
shal
be
counted
from
the
vpper
end
of
the
meridian
line
:
as
IR.
from
I.
4
But
if
the
eleuation
of
the
meridian
be
greater
then
the
eleuation
of
the
pole
,
or
vpright
,
or
southwards
and
greater
then
the
complement
of
the
poles
eleuation
;
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
shall
bee
counted
from
the
neather
end
of
the
meridian
line
,
as
PM
,
PN
,
PO
,
from
MNO
.
5
If
the
eleuation
of
the
meridian
line
be
Southwards
and
lesse
then
the
complement
of
the
poles
eleuation
,
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
shal
be
counted
from
the
vpper
ende
of
the
meridian
line
as
DP
.
from
D.
6
If
the
Dial
ground
looke
toward
the
North
,
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
from
the
meridian
line
shal
be
reckoned
contrariwise
in
euery
kinde
.
CHAP.
XII
.
The
finding
of
the
substilar
line
and
stile
in
Dials
that
be
not
Polar
nor
Equinoctiall
,
The
stile
making
oblique
angles
with
the
Meridian
line
.
HAuing
thus
found
out
from
whether
end
of
the
meridian
line
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
is
to
be
reckoned
,
set
one
foot
of
your
compasses
in
the
meridian
line
as
in
A.
and
stretching
foorth
the
other
foot
towards
that
end
of
the
meridian
line
,
from
which
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
is
to
bee
reckned
as
towards
L.
draw
an
arch
of
a
circle
MDLN.
and
(
beginning
at
the
Merîdian
line
)
reckon
and
marke
therein
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
from
the
Meridian
line
,
LD
.
figure
13.
14.
15.
in
the
rest
LO
.
either
Eastwards
or
Westwards
in
direct
Dials
,
as
in
the
13.
14.
15.
fig.
but
in
decliners
towards
that
part
of
the
world
which
is
opposite
to
the
part
whereunto
the
Dial
declineth
,
as
in
the
16.
17.
18.
fig.
2
Then
in
direct
Dials
,
a
right
line
ACD
.
fig.
13.
14.
15.
drawne
out
of
the
center
of
the
said
arke
by
the
marke
of
the
stiles
eleuation
from
the
meridian
line
shall
be
the
line
representing
the
stile
,
and
therefore
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
substilar
line
shall
be
the
distance
of
the
stile
,
from
the
meridian
line
.
3
But
in
decliners
you
shall
thus
finde
the
substilar
line
:
From
O
the
point
of
the
stiles
eleuation
from
the
meridian
line
in
the
foresaid
arke
drawe
OP
.
a
perpendicular
to
the
meridian
line
AL.
and
taking
the
length
of
this
perpendicular
with
your
compasses
,
leaue
one
foote
in
P.
the
concurse
therof
with
the
meridian
line
,
and
with
the
other
describe
a
quadrant
of
a
circle
QRO.
beginning
from
the
Meridian
line
,
and
so
proceeding
vnto
O
the
other
end
of
the
perpendicular
line
:
and
in
that
quadrant
beginning
at
the
meridian
ALQ.
reckon
and
marke
QR
.
the
complement
of
the
angle
conteined
betweene
the
plaines
of
the
diall
ground
and
of
the
meridian
circle
,
and
take
with
your
compasses
RS.
the
distance
of
that
marke
from
the
meridian
line
,
and
setting
one
foote
of
the
compasses
in
P.
the
meeting
of
that
perpendicular
with
the
meridian
line
,
with
the
other
make
a
prick
T
,
in
the
same
perpendicular
line
:
for
then
AB
.
a
right
line
drawn
by
this
prick
T.
out
of
the
center
of
the
foresaid
arke
MDLN.
shall
bee
the
substilar
line
.
4
Then
take
with
your
compasses
TR.
the
distance
of
the
foresaid
marke
in
the
quadrant
,
QRO.
and
this
pricke
,
and
leauing
one
foote
of
your
compasses
in
the
same
pricke
T.
with
the
other
make
another
pricke
V.
in
the
arke
you
first
described
;
for
then
a
right
line
AV.
drawne
thereby
out
of
the
arch
you
first
described
shall
bee
the
stilar
line
,
or
line
representing
the
stile
.
5
In
Dials
not
polar
nor
aequinoctiall
,
if
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
substilar
line
be
but
smal
as
in
the
fig.
10.
12.
17.
it
may
bee
increased
by
drawing
a
paralel
CD
.
to
the
stile
already
found
,
The
stile
augmented
.
which
for
distinctions
sake
may
bee
called
,
the
stile
augmented
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
The
drawing
of
the
line
of
Contingence
,
and
of
the
Equinoctiall
circle
,
and
how
it
must
be
diuided
.
NOw
in
all
Dials
that
be
not
aequinoctiall
,
draw
a
right
line
,
EHF
.
so
long
as
you
can
,
making
right
angles
with
the
substilar
line
,
which
is
called
the
line
of
contingence
,
or
touchline
.
2
Then
describe
the
Equinoctiall
circle
GHI
.
after
this
manner
:
Take
with
your
compasses
the
shortest
distance
betweene
H.
the
intersection
of
the
line
of
contingence
with
the
substilar
line
,
and
the
stilar
line
,
and
leauing
one
foot
in
that
intersection
,
with
the
other
make
a
pricke
B.
in
the
substilar
line
,
whereupon
describe
a
circle
GHI
.
which
shall
be
called
the
equinoctiall
circle
.
3
If
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
substilar
be
augmented
,
you
must
draw
two
touch
lines
and
two
aequinoctial
circles
:
as
in
10.
12.
17.
figures
.
4
The
halfe
of
the
aequinoctiall
circle
next
the
line
of
contingence
must
be
deuided
into
12.
equal
parts
,
beginning
at
H
,
the
intersection
thereof
with
the
substilar
line
in
all
direct
dials
,
and
erect
or
meridian
polars
which
are
commonly
called
East
or
West
dials
erect
,
as
in
the
3.
4.
5.
6.
13.
14.
15.
figures
.
5
In
polars
not
meridian
nor
direct
,
let
HK
,
in
fig.
7.
&
8.
(
the
complement
of
the
angle
which
the
dial
ground
maketh
with
the
plaine
of
the
meridian
)
be
numbred
and
marked
in
the
aequinoctial
circle
,
beginning
at
the
substilar
line
,
and
proceeding
that
way
which
the
diall
ground
declineth
as
from
H.
to
K.
for
at
that
marke
K
you
must
begin
to
diuide
.
6
In
decliners
not
polars
,
if
the
stile
make
a
right
angle
with
the
meridian
line
,
as
in
the
9.
10.
11.
12.
figu.
a
paralel
to
the
line
of
contingence
,
drawne
by
the
center
of
the
aequinoctiall
,
shall
shew
the
beginning
of
the
diuision
,
as
BK
in
figu.
9.
10.
11.
12.
7
But
if
the
stile
make
an
oblique
angle
with
the
meridian
line
,
and
the
line
of
contingencye
,
cut
the
meridian
line
,
as
in
the
16.
figu
.
your
ruler
laid
to
that
cutting
at
X
and
the
center
of
the
Equinoctial
B.
shal
shew
in
the
peripherie
thereof
,
the
beginning
of
the
diuision
K
if
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
substilar
be
not
augmented
.
8
But
if
it
be
augmented
(
as
in
the
17.
figure
)
the
shortest
distance
HX
betweene
H
the
intersection
of
the
touch
line
,
with
the
substilar
line
,
and
the
stile
not
augmented
AV
must
bee
taken
with
the
compasses
,
and
resting
one
foot
in
that
intersection
H
,
with
the
other
make
a
pricke
Y
in
the
substilar
line
,
towards
B
the
center
of
the
Equinoctiall
;
by
which
pricke
Y
&
Z
the
mutuall
intersection
of
the
next
touch
line
with
the
meridian
line
,
let
a
right
line
YZ
be
drawne
,
for
BK
.
and
BK
.
paralels
to
it
drawne
out
of
the
cenrers
of
both
the
Equinoctials
,
towards
the
meridian
line
,
at
their
crossings
with
the
Equinoctials
K
&
K
shall
shew
the
beginnings
of
their
diuisions
.
9
But
if
the
touch
line
cut
not
the
meridian
line
as
in
the
figure
18.
let
a
paralel
thereto
XY
bee
drawne
,
which
may
cut
the
meridian
line
in
Y
and
take
with
the
compasses
the
shortest
distance
ZA
betwixt
the
intersection
thereof
with
the
substilar
line
and
the
stile
not
augmented
;
and
leauing
one
foote
in
that
intersection
Z
,
with
the
other
make
a
pricke
B
in
the
substilar
line
towards
the
center
of
the
Equinoctiall
;
from
this
pricke
drawe
a
right
line
BY
from
B
to
Y
the
intersection
of
the
said
paralel
with
the
meridian
line
;
for
BKA
paralel
to
this
line
drawne
out
of
the
center
of
the
Equinoctiall
B.
shall
shew
the
beginning
of
the
diuision
K.
CHAP.
XIIII
.
The
drawing
of
the
houre
lines
in
all
Dials
that
bee
not
Equinoctiall
.
HAuing
thus
,
deuided
the
Equinoctial
circle
,
lay
your
ruler
to
the
center
thereof
B.
and
to
euery
one
of
those
prickes
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
by
which
it
is
deuided
,
and
make
marks
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
&c.
in
euery
place
where
it
crosseth
the
line
of
contingence
for
then
2
In
all
polar
Dials
paralels
to
the
substilar
line
,
drawne
by
those
markes
,
shall
bee
the
houre
lines
,
as
in
the
3.
4.
6.
7.
8.
figu
.
3
In
Dials
not
polar
,
in
which
the
height
of
the
stile
is
not
augmented
,
right
lines
drawne
out
of
the
center
of
the
dial
by
those
markes
shal
be
the
houre
lines
as
in
the
9.
11.
13.
14.
15.
16.
18.
figu
.
And
if
any
of
the
diuisions
of
the
aequinoctiall
circle
doe
fall
in
to
the
substilar
line
,
a
paralel
to
the
line
of
contingence
drawne
by
the
center
of
the
said
diall
,
shall
shew
two
opposit
houres
,
distant
by
the
space
of
six
houres
from
the
substilar
line
;
as
for
example
in
direct
Dials
,
six
in
the
forenoone
and
six
in
the
afternoone
,
as
in
the
13.
14.
15.
figure
.
Also
if
the
ruler
laid
to
B.
the
center
of
the
Equinoctial
circle
,
and
some
diuision
thereof
,
as
V
in
the
16.
and
18.
figu
.
cannot
crosse
the
line
of
contingence
,
and
yet
draweth
neerer
to
it
,
:
draw
BY.
a
right
line
from
the
center
of
the
Equinoctial
by
that
diuision
,
and
draw
AF
a
paralel
to
that
line
,
which
may
crosse
the
substilar
and
line
of
contingency
in
F.
then
let
HA.
the
other
part
of
the
substilar
that
is
betweene
the
line
of
contingence
and
the
center
of
the
dial
A.
be
cut
in
such
sort
that
the
segments
,
of
the
substilar
line
concurring
at
the
line
of
contingence
AH
and
HB
.
may
keepe
the
same
proportion
which
the
greater
segments
BH
.
and
HA.
haue
,
which
are
contained
betweene
the
center
of
the
Dial
and
line
of
contingence
,
and
betwixt
the
center
of
the
Equinoctiall
and
the
line
of
contingence
.
And
let
aright
line
BF
.
bee
drawne
by
that
section
B
and
the
section
of
the
line
of
contingence
F.
For
AI
a
paralel
to
this
right
line
drawne
out
of
the
center
of
the
Diall
shall
be
the
houre
line
that
wee
seeke
for
.
4
In
those
dials
wherein
the
distance
of
the
stile
from
the
substilar
is
augmented
,
right
lines
drawne
by
those
markes
in
both
lines
of
contingence
which
are
proportionately
distant
from
the
substilar
line
shall
be
the
houre
lines
.
CHAP.
XV.
What
number
must
be
set
to
the
houre
lines
.
IN
meridian
Dials
,
the
substilar
line
is
the
line
of
the
sixth
houre
:
but
for
the
rest
,
we
must
consider
whether
it
be
an
oriental
or
an
occidental
dial
.
2
An
oriental
Dial
looketh
to
the
East
,
and
the
forenoone
houres
onely
must
bee
set
in
this
Dial
,
and
therefore
the
substilar
line
sheweth
six
of
the
clocke
in
the
morning
;
from
which
towards
the
South
are
the
morning
houres
before
sixe
,
viz.
5.
4.
3.
&c.
but
towards
the
North
after
six
,
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
as
in
the
3
figure
.
3
An
occidental
Dial
looketh
directly
Westwards
:
and
onely
the
houres
after
noone
can
bee
set
into
this
dial
.
Therfore
the
substilar
line
sheweth
the
sixt
houre
after
noone
:
from
which
toward
the
North
are
the
houres
before
six
in
this
order
.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
but
towards
the
South
after
six
thus
.
7.
8.
9.
&c.
as
in
the
4.
figure
.
4
In
Dials
not
Meridian
,
if
a
ruler
laid
to
the
center
of
the
aequinoctial
and
the
beginning
of
the
diuision
thereof
doe
crosse
the
touchline
;
then
the
houre
line
drawne
by
that
crossing
is
the
line
of
twelue
a
clocke
.
But
if
it
cannot
crosse
the
touch
line
,
imagine
notwithstanding
,
that
crossing
and
the
twelue
a
clocke
line
,
drawne
thereby
without
the
bounds
of
your
Dial
,
whereabouts
you
thinke
it
would
bee
,
if
the
ruler
and
touch
line
were
continued
foorth
long
inough
.
5
Then
in
al
Dials
not
meridian
,
imagine
the
stile
to
be
fastned
in
his
place
,
in
aequinoctial
Dials
perpendicularly
erected
out
of
the
Center
.
In
Dials
that
be
not
Equinoctial
,
conceiue
it
to
be
placed
exactly
ouer
the
substilar
line
,
so
much
raised
from
the
same
as
the
stilar
line
in
your
paper
or
pastbord
,
is
distant
from
the
substilar
line
.
6
After
this
,
place
your
paper
or
pastebord
(
wheron
the
figure
of
your
Dial
is
described
)
in
the
same
site
or
position
that
the
dial
ground
is
,
or
must
be
placed
▪
so
that
the
quarters
of
the
world
written
thereupon
,
may
answer
in
like
position
to
the
quarters
of
the
world
as
they
lie
in
respect
of
your
dial
ground
:
for
then
if
the
12.
a
clocke
line
be
towards
the
North
,
from
the
stile
it
is
the
line
of
the
12.
houre
of
the
day
.
From
hence
therefore
towards
the
West
are
the
forenoone
houres
,
11.
10.
9.
8.
7.
&c.
and
toward
the
East
,
the
afternoone
houres
,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
&c.
7
But
if
the
12.
a
clocke
line
bee
Southward
from
the
stile
,
it
is
the
line
of
the
twelfth
houre
in
the
night
from
thence
:
therefore
on
both
sides
are
the
night
houres
:
toward
the
West
,
after
midnight
,
1.
2.
3.
4.
&c.
towards
the
East
before
midnight
,
11.
10.
9.
8.
&c.
CHAP.
XVI
.
What
houre
lines
are
to
be
expressed
in
all
sorts
of
Dials
.
IN
al
Dials
,
those
houre
lines
onely
are
to
be
expressed
,
vpon
which
the
shadow
of
the
stile
shal
fall
.
Therefore
the
houres
of
the
day
onely
are
to
bee
expressed
.
2
In
Dials
not
Polar
,
wherein
the
height
of
the
stile
is
not
augmented
,
if
the
stile
point
vpwards
,
and
the
eleuation
thereof
from
the
substilar
line
,
bee
not
lesse
then
the
complement
of
the
sunnes
greatest
declination
,
all
the
houre
lines
seruing
for
the
longest
day
,
are
to
be
expressed
therein
.
3
But
if
the
cleuation
of
the
stile
from
the
substilar
be
lesse
then
the
complement
of
the
Sunnes
greatest
declination
,
draw
a
right
line
out
of
the
intersection
of
the
line
of
contingence
,
and
substilar
perpendicularly
ouerthwart
the
stilar
line
:
and
setting
one
foot
of
your
compasses
in
the
center
of
the
dial
,
and
extending
the
other
towards
the
other
end
of
the
stilar
line
,
draw
an
arke
there
from
equal
to
the
complement
of
the
Sunnes
greatest
declination
:
and
thereby
draw
a
line
out
of
the
center
of
the
Dial
,
and
setting
one
foot
of
your
compasses
inthe
intersection
of
this
line
with
the
foresaid
perpendicular
,
extend
the
other
foot
to
the
stilar
line
:
Then
keeping
this
distance
,
set
one
foote
of
your
compasses
in
the
center
of
the
aequinoctial
circle
and
with
the
other
crosse
the
line
of
contingence
on
both
sides
the
substilar
:
now
if
you
lay
your
ruler
to
these
crosses
and
the
center
of
the
Dial
:
right
lines
drawne
thereby
beyond
the
center
of
the
Dial
shal
continue
betweene
them
the
space
wherein
no
houre
lines
are
to
be
expressed
.
4
This
rule
holdeth
also
in
meridional
Dials
inclining
,
when
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
is
counted
from
the
vpper
end
of
the
Meridian
line
,
and
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
from
the
substilar
is
lesse
then
the
complement
of
the
Sunnes
greatest
declination
.
5
If
the
stile
point
downwards
,
no
houre
lines
are
to
be
expressed
aboue
a
line
parallel
to
the
horizon
drawne
by
the
center
of
the
Dial.
6
And
if
the
crosse
in
the
line
of
contingence
(
made
as
before
was
shewed
)
be
aboue
the
line
aequidistant
to
the
horizon
,
drawne
by
the
center
of
the
Dial
;
no
houre
lines
are
to
be
expressed
aboue
a
right
line
drawne
from
the
crosse
and
continued
beyond
the
center
of
the
Dial.
7
If
any
part
of
the
Dial
whereupon
the
shadow
of
the
stile
may
fal
,
bee
void
of
houre
lines
:
let
the
houre
lines
before
described
bee
continued
foorth
into
that
part
of
the
Dial
,
as
in
the
13
and
15
figure
.
CHAP.
XVII
.
How
to
translate
the
Diall
drawne
on
paper
or
paste-board
vnto
the
Dial
ground
.
THe
figure
of
your
Dial
being
thus
described
,
you
shall
translate
the
same
into
the
Dial
ground
,
after
this
manner
.
2
Place
the
paper
or
pastebord
whereas
the
figure
of
your
dial
is
described
in
such
sort
,
in
the
Dial
ground
is
placed
,
so
as
the
quarters
of
the
world
written
on
the
paper
or
pastebord
may
answer
in
like
position
to
the
quarters
of
the
world
as
they
lye
in
respect
of
the
Dial
ground
.
3
Then
as
the
houre
lines
and
substilar
line
are
described
in
your
pastebord
,
so
in
like
manner
,
and
in
like
position
,
let
them
be
inscribed
nto
your
Dial
ground
that
so
little
part
of
the
ground
as
may
be
,
be
left
voide
of
houre
lines
seruing
for
vse
,
and
that
the
spaces
on
both
sides
from
the
substilar
line
drawne
on
the
Dial
ground
bee
proportionable
to
the
number
of
houre
lines
that
are
to
bee
expressed
in
the
Dial.
4
In
Polar
dials
draw
a
right
line
squire-wise
ouerthwart
the
substilar
in
the
Dial
ground
;
then
take
with
your
compasses
the
distances
of
the
houre
lines
from
the
substilar
in
the
pastebord
,
and
set
them
into
that
line
drawne
squire-wise
in
the
Dial
ground
,
setting
alwaies
on
foot
in
the
intersection
thereof
with
the
substilar
line
,
and
with
the
other
foote
making
pricks
in
the
said
line
drawne
squire-wise
:
And
let
paralels
to
the
substiar
line
be
drawn
by
those
prickes
,
for
they
shall
bee
the
houre
lines
we
seeke
for
,
set
into
the
dial
ground
.
5
The
stile
must
be
paralel
to
the
substilar
line
,
and
must
be
placed
directly
ouer
it
,
so
much
distant
from
the
same
,
as
the
stilar
line
is
distant
from
the
substilar
in
the
figure
of
your
Dial
drawne
on
the
pastbord
or
paper
.
6
In
Dials
that
be
not
polars
,
wherein
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
from
the
substilar
is
not
augmented
,
describe
two
peripheries
of
equal
bignesse
on
the
Dial
ground
,
the
center
thereof
being
placed
in
the
meridian
line
,
the
other
vpon
the
center
of
the
Dial
in
the
bastbord
:
then
in
this
peripherie
take
the
distances
of
the
substilar
and
the
houre
lines
from
the
Meridian
with
your
compasses
,
out
of
the
figure
of
your
Dial
in
the
paper
or
pastbord
,
&
set
those
distances
likewise
into
the
dial
grounds
,
and
by
them
draw
the
houre
lines
and
the
substilar
from
the
center
of
the
dial
.
7
The
stile
must
bee
fastned
in
the
center
,
and
must
hang
directly
ouer
the
substilar
,
eleuated
so
much
from
the
same
,
as
the
stilar
line
in
the
figure
of
your
dial
is
distant
from
the
substilar
.
8
But
in
Dials
that
be
not
polars
,
wherein
the
eleuation
of
the
stile
from
the
substilar
is
augmented
,
let
the
substilar
line
bee
described
in
the
Dial
ground
so
much
distant
from
the
Meridian
,
which
you
first
described
therein
,
as
the
substilar
is
distant
from
the
Meridian
in
the
figure
of
your
dial
.
And
let
two
lines
of
contingence
be
drawne
squire-wise
ouerth
wart
that
substilar
in
the
Dial
ground
,
so
much
distant
each
from
other
,
as
the
lines
of
contingence
in
the
paper
are
.
And
let
the
distances
of
the
houre
lines
from
the
substilar
line
bee
taken
in
both
lines
of
contingence
in
the
figure
of
the
dial
,
and
be
set
in
like
manner
in
to
the
lines
of
contingence
,
answering
to
them
in
the
Diall
ground
,
setting
one
foot
of
your
compasses
alwaies
in
the
substilar
line
,
which
is
in
the
Diall
ground
,
and
with
the
other
making
markes
in
the
lines
of
contingence
drawne
therein
:
for
then
right
lines
drawne
by
those
markes
,
differing
alike
from
the
substilar
line
,
shall
bee
the
houre
lines
.
The
stile
must
hang
perpendicularly
ouer
the
substilar
line
,
so
much
distant
from
the
same
,
and
from
the
sections
thereof
with
the
lines
of
contingence
,
as
the
stile
augmented
in
the
figure
of
your
Diall
is
distant
from
the
substilar
.
Equinoctiall
Dials
.
North
direct
reclining
51.
degrees
,
●0
.
minutes
,
or
the
vpper
Equinoctiall
Diall
.
South
direct
,
inclining
51.
degrees
,
30.
minutes
.
The
manner
of
finding
the
substilar
line
in
Meridian
Polar
Dials
.
This
example
serueth
for
the
Oriental
dial
.
Meridian
Polar
dials
.
A
South
direct
dial
reclining
38
degrees
30.
minutes
,
or
a
South
direct
polar
dial
.
A
North
direct
dial
inclining
38
degrees
30.
minutes
,
or
a
North
direct
polar
dial
.
South
declining
Eastward
27.
degrees
,
reclining
34.
degrees
40.
minutes
.
North
declining
Westward
36
degrees
inclining
32.
degrees
15
minutes
.
North
declining
Eastward
43.
degrees
reclining
42.
degrees
20.
minutes
wherein
the
stile
and
meridian
line
make
right
angles
.
North
declining
84.
degrees
westward
,
reclining
7
degrees
20
minutes
,
the
stile
pendicular
to
the
Meridian
line
.
South
declining
Eastward
31
degrees
,
inclining
48
degrees
.
●0
min.
the
stile
perpendicular
to
the
meridian
.
South
declining
Westward
86
▪
degrees
40.
min.
inclining
4.
degrees
stile
perpendicular
to
the
meridian
.
In
all
the
figures
following
,
the
stile
maketh
a
sharpe
angle
with
the
meridian
:
a
direct
dial
lying
leuel
with
the
Horizon
,
commonly
called
an
Horizontal
dial
.
A
South
dial
erect
direct
.
A
North
Dial
erect
,
direct
.
A
South
dial
erect
declining
Eastward
30.
degr.
A
South
erect
dial
declining
westward
80.
degr.
North
declining
westward
41.
de.
40.
min.
reclin
.
4●
.
de.
30.
min.
Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
Notes for div A15752-e450
Notes for div A15752-e1580
Notes for div A15752-e1780
Notes for div A15752-e1970
Notes for div A15752-e2170
Notes for div A15752-e2320
Notes for div A15752-e2730