THE
HISTORIE
OF
XENOPHON
:
CONTAINING
The
Ascent
of
CYRVS
into
the
HIGHER
COVNTRIES
.
Wherein
is
described
THE
ADMIRABLE
IOVRNEY
OF
TEN
thousand
GRECIANS
from
ASIA
the
Lesse
into
the
Territories
of
BABYLON
,
and
their
retrait
from
thence
into
GREECE
,
notwithstanding
the
opposition
of
all
their
Enemies
.
Whereunto
is
added
A
COMPARISON
OF
THE
ROMAN
MANNER
OF
WARRES
with
this
of
our
Time
,
out
of
IVSTVS
LIPSIVS
.
Translated
by
IOH.
BINGHAM
.
LONDON
,
Printed
by
Iohn
Haviland
for
Raphe
Mabb
.
1623.
TO
THE
RIGHT
WORSHIPFVLL
,
HVGH
HAMERSLEY
,
ONE
OF
THE
ALDERMEN
AND
CORONELS
OF
THE
CITIE
OF
LONDON
,
AND
President
of
the
worthy
Societie
of
CITIZENS
exercising
Armes
in
the
ARTILLERIE
Garden
of
LONDON
;
and
to
all
the
CAPTAINES
and
Generous
CITIZENS
professing
Armes
there
.
GENTLEMEN
:
I
doe
not
present
this
Translation
vnto
you
,
to
the
end
to
incite
you
to
Militarie
cogitations
.
Your
forwardnesse
that
way
is
such
alreadie
,
as
rather
deserueth
commendation
,
than
requireth
any
mans
words
of
incitement
or
exhortation
;
neither
will
I
at
this
time
enter
into
the
large
field
of
the
praise
of
the
Art
of
Warre
;
especially
lest
I
should
haply
incurre
the
censure
of
the
old
Prouerbe
:
Suum
cuique
pulchrum
.
But
seeing
you
haue
taken
the
laudable
paines
to
attaine
to
the
knowledge
of
handling
your
Armes
,
and
of
the
seuerall
motions
of
a
battell
requisite
for
the
seruice
of
the
Field
,
wherein
many
of
you
may
iustly
challenge
the
praise
of
equalling
,
if
not
exceeding
the
greatest
number
of
Souldiers
,
that
haue
a
long
time
followed
the
warres
in
forein
parts
,
in
which
also
it
hath
pleased
you
to
vse
my
poore
endeuour
;
I
haue
thought
good
to
adioine
to
your
former
Speculation
(
I
hope
I
may
vse
that
word
,
considering
you
haue
not
yet
come
to
the
sight
of
an
Enemie
,
nor
proceeded
vsque
ad
sanguinem
)
and
to
present
vnto
you
in
your
owne
Language
,
a
Precedent
of
Warre
of
another
nature
,
than
you
haue
hitherto
beene
exercised
in
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
greatest
March
and
Retreat
,
that
euer
was
found
in
any
Historie
;
wherein
are
notable
Stratagems
set
out
of
resisting
a
multitude
of
Enemies
in
an
open
Field
,
of
passing
Mountaines
possessed
by
an
Enemie
,
of
leading
an
Armie
thorow
Straights
,
thorow
Forests
,
thorow
Woods
,
thorow
Riuers
,
ouer
Bridges
,
of
laying
and
auoiding
Ambushes
,
of
Marching
by
night
,
of
resisting
Horse
,
of
stilling
Souldiers
mutinies
,
of
escaping
Enemies
machinations
,
of
taking
in
Forts
,
of
making
prouision
for
an
Armie
;
in
a
word
,
of
all
accidents
,
that
may
fall
out
in
a
long
and
dangerous
March
.
In
reading
whereof
,
besides
the
varietie
of
discourse
,
you
may
obserue
many
documents
fit
for
a
worthy
Souldiers
consideration
.
For
they
are
not
to
be
heard
that
contemne
the
experience
of
former
Times
,
and
thinke
,
that
the
policies
vsed
by
ancient
Generals
match
or
sute
not
with
our
moderne
Warres
.
From
whence
,
I
pray
,
are
deriued
our
Motions
,
and
whole
manner
of
exercise
now
in
vse
,
but
from
Antiquitie
?
Neither
is
there
any
other
true
difference
to
be
found
betwixt
vs
and
Antiquitie
,
in
the
vniuersall
course
Militarie
,
saue
only
in
the
vse
of
Gunnes
:
Of
which
the
great
Ordinance
succeed
in
the
place
of
ancient
Engines
of
Battery
;
the
smaller
Peeces
in
place
of
Arrowes
,
Slings
,
and
Darts
▪
Now
as
I
must
confesse
,
that
the
force
and
violence
of
Gunnes
is
farre
greater
,
than
of
the
weapons
missiue
vsed
in
time
past
;
so
me
thinks
I
may
truly
maintaine
,
that
their
place
in
Battell
,
and
elsewhere
,
is
altogether
the
same
:
Shot
must
haue
defence
either
from
Pikes
or
from
other
aduantage
of
ground
,
or
else
they
are
subiect
to
be
scattered
or
ouer-runne
by
Horse
,
or
the
like
,
as
well
as
the
light-armed
of
old
time
.
But
hereof
I
shall
haue
other
opportunitie
to
speake
.
My
desire
is
at
this
instant
that
you
will
be
pleased
to
accept
this
presentation
,
with
the
same
minde
it
is
offered
vnto
you
by
16
Maij
1623.
Your
seruant
to
doe
all
seruice
,
IOHN
BINGHAM
.
THE
FIRST
BOOKE
OF
THE
HISTORIE
OF
XENOPHON
,
TOVCHING
THE
Ascent
of
CYRVS
the
younger
,
out
of
Asia
the
Lesse
,
into
the
Higher
COVNTREYS
.
DARIVS
and
PARISATIS
had
two
Sonnes
,
of
whom
the
eldest
was
named
Artaxerxes
,
the
younger
Cyrus
.
And
when
Darius
fell
sick
,
and
suspected
he
should
not
liue
long
,
he
desired
to
haue
a
sight
of
both
his
Sonnes
.
The
eldest
happened
then
to
be
present
;
he
se●t
for
Cyrus
from
the
Prouince
whereof
he
had
made
him
Satrapa
or
Ruler
,
and
had
declared
him
Generall
of
all
the
people
,
that
vpon
Musters
resorted
to
the
plaine
of
Castolus
.
Artaxerxes
,
Tyssaphernes
accused
Cyrus
to
his
Brother
,
Plutarch
in
vita
Artaxerxis
.
as
though
he
intended
treason
against
him
:
who
being
easily
perswaded
and
induced
to
beleeue
,
caused
Cyrus
to
be
apprehended
,
with
intent
to
put
him
to
death
.
But
his
Mother
made
intercession
for
him
,
set
him
at
libertie
,
and
remised
him
to
his
gouernment
.
He
hauing
been
thus
in
perill
,
and
dishonoured
,
deliberated
after
his
departure
,
how
to
exempt
himselfe
from
his
Brothers
subiection
,
and
to
make
himselfe
King
in
his
Brothers
stead
.
Their
Mother
Parisatis
inclined
more
to
Cyrus
,
louing
him
better
than
she
did
Artaxerxes
,
that
reigned
.
And
Cyrus
,
if
any
were
sent
to
him
from
King
Artaxerxes
,
won
them
so
by
his
courtesies
,
that
they
departed
better
affected
to
him
,
than
to
the
King
.
Besides
,
he
had
that
regard
of
the
Barbarians
,
which
were
about
him
,
that
he
both
made
them
good
Souldiers
,
and
purchased
their
loue
.
As
for
the
Grecians
,
he
waged
them
as
secretly
as
he
could
,
to
the
intent
to
take
his
Brother
altogether
vnprouided
.
When
therefore
he
made
leuies
of
such
,
as
should
lye
in
Garrison
in
his
Cities
,
he
commanded
the
Captaines
of
the
Garrisons
,
euerie
man
apart
,
to
wage
as
many
,
and
the
best
Peloponesians
they
could
,
vnder
pretence
,
Peloponesus
was
that
part
of
Gree●e
which
is
now
called
Monea
.
Ionia
,
a
part
of
Asia
the
Lesse
.
Miletus
,
a
Citie
of
Car●a
.
that
Tissaphernes
sought
to
surprise
the
Cities
:
For
the
Ionian
Cities
were
before
deliuered
to
Tissaphernes
by
the
King
,
but
then
they
all
reuolted
to
Cyrus
,
excepting
only
Miletus
.
And
Tissaphernes
being
in
Miletus
,
and
perceiuing
they
also
would
turne
,
and
take
part
with
Cyrus
,
put
some
to
death
,
some
other
he
chased
and
banished
out
of
the
Citie
.
Cyrus
receiuing
these
banished
men
,
and
gathering
an
Armie
together
,
besieged
Miletus
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
seeking
to
restore
them
to
their
Countrey
.
And
this
was
also
another
pretence
of
raising
an
Armie
.
Besides
,
he
sent
to
the
King
,
and
desired
him
,
that
being
his
Brother
,
the
rule
of
those
Cities
might
rather
be
committed
to
him
,
than
to
Tissaphernes
;
wherein
he
was
seconded
by
his
Mother
,
so
that
the
King
perceiued
not
,
that
reason
was
intended
against
him
at
any
hand
,
but
imagined
,
that
Cyrus
waged
that
Armie
to
warre
against
Tissaphernes
;
for
which
warre
,
he
was
not
greatly
sory
,
because
Cyrus
sent
to
the
King
the
Tribute
of
those
Cities
,
whereof
Tissaphernes
had
the
command
.
Another
Armie
was
collected
for
Cyrus
,
Abydus
,
a
Citie
lying
vpon
Hellespont
,
right
against
Sestos
.
A
Darick
,
was
a
peece
of
gold
of
the
value
of
thirteene
shillings
.
Cherronesus
,
an
Island
ioyned
to
the
Continent
of
Europaean
Thra●●
,
only
by
a
Necke
of
Land
.
right
ouer
against
Abydus
,
in
this
manner
.
Clearchus
was
banished
from
Lacedemon
,
he
came
to
Cyrus
,
and
Cyrus
,
after
conference
and
acquaintance
with
him
,
both
admired
the
man
,
and
besides
,
gaue
him
10000
Daricks
.
Clearchus
taking
the
gold
,
leuied
an
Armie
therwith
,
and
passing
out
of
Cherronesus
,
warred
vpon
the
Thracians
,
that
inhabit
aboue
Hellespont
,
thereby
aduantaging
greatly
the
affaires
of
the
Grecians
;
and
so
much
in
deed
he
did
aduantage
them
,
that
the
Cities
of
Hellespont
willingly
furnished
him
with
money
to
maintaine
his
Armie
.
So
that
this
Armie
also
was
not
descried
to
be
held
on
foot
for
Cyrus
.
Further
,
there
was
one
Aristippus
a
Thessalian
,
a
[
a
](A15803-e1050-b)
a
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
a
guest
,
amongst
the
Grecians
was
one
of
another
Citie
or
Nation
,
that
a
man
admitted
into
his
house
,
and
lodged
.
Thessaly
,
a
countrey
of
Greece
.
Boeotia
,
that
part
of
Greece
where
the
citie
Thebes
stood
.
S●ymphalus
,
a
citie
of
Arcadia
.
Achaia
,
a
countrey
of
Pelopon●sus
.
Pisidia
,
a
Countrey
of
Asia
.
guest
to
Cyrus
,
who
being
ouerpressed
with
his
Countrey-men
of
the
contrarie
faction
,
came
to
Cyrus
,
&
requested
him
to
spare
him
2000
Mercenaries
,
and
three
Moneths
pay
,
alleaging
,
that
thereby
he
should
be
able
to
ouercome
his
aduersaries
.
Cyrus
furnished
him
with
4000
men
,
and
sixe
Moneths
pay
,
desiring
him
withall
,
not
to
agree
with
his
aduersaries
,
till
they
two
had
had
conference
together
.
So
againe
this
Armie
in
Thessaly
was
not
perceiued
to
be
kept
on
foot
,
and
nourished
for
Cyrus
.
Further
,
he
commanded
Proxenus
the
Boeotian
,
who
was
his
friend
,
to
bring
vnto
him
as
many
men
as
he
might
,
vnder
pretence
of
warring
against
the
Pisidians
,
that
spoyled
his
Countrey
;
and
Sophaenetus
the
Stymphalian
,
and
Socrates
the
Achaean
,
who
likewise
were
both
his
guests
,
to
come
to
him
with
as
many
men
,
as
they
could
make
,
vnder
colour
,
together
with
the
banished
Milesians
,
to
make
warre
against
Tissaphernes
,
which
also
they
did
.
Cyrus
,
after
he
was
resolued
to
ascend
into
the
higher
Prouinces
,
gaue
out
,
that
his
purpose
was
to
chace
the
Pisidians
wholly
out
of
the
Countrey
,
and
so
assembled
both
his
Barbarian
and
Grecian
troopes
,
as
if
it
had
been
against
them
.
And
he
commanded
Clearchus
,
with
the
Armie
which
he
led
,
to
come
vnto
him
,
and
Aristippus
to
compound
with
his
aduersaries
,
and
afterwards
to
send
him
that
Armie
of
his
likewise
.
And
Xenias
the
[
*
](A15803-e1420-b)
*
Arcadia
,
a
Countrey
of
Peloponesus
.
Arcadian
(
whom
he
had
appointed
Generall
of
the
Mercenaries
,
which
he
laid
in
Garrison
in
the
Cities
)
to
bring
vnto
him
those
Troops
,
leauing
behind
so
many
only
,
as
should
be
sufficient
to
guard
the
Cittadels
.
Likewise
he
sent
for
those
that
were
at
the
siege
of
Miletus
,
and
inuited
the
banished
men
to
his
seruice
,
promising
,
if
his
affaires
had
good
successe
,
not
to
giue
ouer
till
he
had
restored
them
to
their
home
.
They
with
ioy
accepted
of
his
proffer
,
(
for
they
trusted
him
)
and
thereupon
came
to
Sardes
.
Sard●s
,
a
Citie
in
Lydia
.
Armed
,
11300.
Light
armed
,
2300.
Megara
,
a
Citie
in
Greece
.
The
Grecians
that
serued
Cyrus
.
Xenias
gathered
together
the
Mercenaries
in
the
Cities
,
and
brought
them
to
Sardes
,
being
in
number
about
4000
armed
foot
.
Proxenus
came
with
1500
armed
,
and
500
light
armed
foot
.
Sophenetus
the
Stymphalian
,
with
1000
armed
.
Socrates
the
Achaean
,
with
about
500
armed
.
Pasion
the
Megarean
,
with
300
armed
,
and
300
Targetiers
(
or
Peltasts
.
)
This
last
,
and
Socrates
,
were
of
those
that
besieged
Milet.
These
Troops
came
to
Cyrus
to
Sardes
.
Tyssaphernes
hauing
intelligence
hereof
,
and
conceiuing
that
the
preparation
was
greater
than
fitted
the
warre
against
the
Pisidians
,
hasted
with
as
much
speed
as
he
could
,
towards
the
King
,
hauing
with
him
about
500
Hors-men
.
And
the
King
,
as
soone
as
he
heard
by
Tyssaphernes
,
of
the
Armie
that
Cyrus
had
raised
,
made
contrarie
preparation
.
Cyrus
with
the
Forces
aforementioned
,
marched
from
Sardes
.
He
marched
into
Lydia
,
22
[
a
](A15803-e1820-b)
a
A
Parasang
containeth
30
Stadia
,
or
Furlongs
,
8
Furlongs
goe
to
a
Mile
,
so
a
Parasang
is
3
Mile
three
quarters
.
22
Parasangs
amount
to
82
Miles
and
a
halfe
,
which
being
diuided
by
3
,
the
quotient
will
be
27
and
a
halfe
,
so
he
marched
euerie
day
27
miles
&
a
halfe
.
Parasangs
in
three
encampings
,
and
came
as
farre
as
the
Riuer
Maeander
,
the
bredth
whereof
is
[
b
](A15803-e1890-b)
b
Plethrum
,
is
100
Foot
.
2
Plethors
.
A
Bridge
was
layd
ouer
the
Riuer
vpon
six
Ships
ioyned
one
to
another
.
Passing
ouer
here
,
he
made
one
encamping
in
Lydia
,
hauing
marched
eight
Parasangs
,
and
came
to
Colosse
,
a
great
,
rich
,
and
well
inhabited
Citie
,
where
he
remained
seuen
dayes
.
Hither
Menon
the
Thessalian
came
to
him
with
1000
armed
Foot
,
and
500
Dolopian
,
Aenian
,
and
Olynthian
Peltasts
,
or
Targetiers
.
From
thence
he
marched
in
three
encampings
,
20
[
c
](A15803-e2000-b)
c
67
Miles
&
a
halfe
.
22
Miles
and
a
halfe
euerie
encamping
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Parasangs
,
as
far
as
Celaene
,
a
great
,
rich
,
and
well
inhabited
Citie
of
Phrygia
.
Here
had
Cyrus
a
Palace
,
and
a
great
Parke
,
full
of
wilde
Beasts
,
which
he
hunted
on
Hors-backe
,
whensoeuer
he
was
disposed
to
exercise
himselfe
,
and
his
Horses
.
Maeander
runneth
thorow
the
middest
of
the
Parke
,
the
Fountaines
whereof
arise
within
the
Palace
.
It
runneth
also
thorow
the
Citie
Celaene
.
The
great
King
hath
also
a
strong
Palace
in
Celaene
,
vnder
the
Citadell
,
vpon
the
Spring
of
the
Riuer
Marsyas
,
which
Riuer
runneth
thorow
the
Citie
,
and
falleth
into
Maeander
.
The
bredth
of
Marsyas
,
is
25
foot
.
It
is
said
,
that
Apollo
pulled
the
Skin
of
Marsyas
ouer
his
head
(
who
contended
with
him
about
Wisdome
)
and
hung
it
vp
in
the
Denne
,
where
the
Spring
of
the
Riuer
Marsyas
ariseth
,
and
that
thereupon
,
the
Riuer
is
called
Marsyas
.
The
report
is
,
that
Xerxes
flying
out
of
Greece
after
his
ouerthrow
,
builded
the
Palace
,
and
the
Citadell
of
Celaene
.
In
this
place
,
Cyrus
rested
30
dayes
,
and
Clearchus
,
the
exile
of
Lacedemon
,
came
vnto
him
with
1000
armed
Foot
,
and
800
Thracian
Targetiers
,
and
200
Cretan
Archers
;
and
Sosias
the
Syracusian
,
with
1000
armed
Foot
;
and
Sophaenetus
the
Arcadian
,
with
1000
armed
Foot
.
Cyrus
tooke
muster
,
and
numbred
the
Grecians
in
this
Parke
,
13000
Armed
,
and
light
armed
.
37
Miles
and
a
halfe
.
The
day
,
18
miles
and
more
.
These
Games
were
first
instituted
in
the
honour
of
Pan
,
god
of
Arcadia
.
Young
men
ran
naked
in
them
.
Liuius
,
l.
1.
They
were
called
Luper●alia
amongst
the
Ro●●nes
,
vide
〈◊〉
A●cadi
is
,
〈◊〉
.
456.
num●●o
.
3●
.
517.
num.
40.
and
found
them
to
be
11000
armed
,
and
about
2000
Targetiers
,
or
Peltasts
.
From
thence
,
he
marched
in
two
encampings
,
10
Parasangs
,
and
came
to
Peltae
,
a
Citie
well
peopled
,
there
he
remained
three
dayes
,
during
which
time
,
Xenias
the
Arcadian
solemnized
the
Playes
,
called
Lycaea
,
and
proposed
games
.
The
games
were
Golden
rubbers
.
Cyrus
was
present
and
beheld
that
exercise
.
From
thence
,
in
two
encampings
,
he
marched
[
a
](A15803-e2560-b)
a
●5
Mil●●
Eue●y
day
22
m●les
and
a
halfe
.
12
Parasangs
,
and
came
as
farre
as
the
Market
of
the
Ceramians
,
a
Citie
full
of
people
,
the
last
of
the
Countrey
of
Mysia
.
From
thence
,
in
three
encampings
,
he
marched
[
b
](A15803-e2610-b)
b
A
g●eat
March
if
it
be
not
mistaken
.
It
amounteth
to
112
miles
in
all
.
And
to
more
than
37
mile
a
day
.
Epiaxa
,
the
Queene
of
Cilicia
.
30
Parasangs
,
as
farre
as
the
Citie
called
the
Plaine
of
Cayster
(
a
Citie
well
peopled
)
where
he
stayed
fiue
dayes
.
By
this
time
,
there
was
due
to
the
Souldiers
more
than
three
Moneths
pay
,
which
they
often
demanded
,
gathering
themselues
together
before
Cyrus
his
doore
.
But
he
put
them
off
with
hopes
,
not
without
manifest
signes
of
discontentment
in
his
countenance
.
For
it
was
not
Cyrus
his
manner
to
hold
vp
payment
,
when
he
was
furnished
with
money
.
Here
Epiaxa
,
the
Queene
of
Syennesis
the
King
of
Cilicia
,
came
to
Cyrus
,
and
was
said
to
bring
vnto
him
great
summes
of
money
,
wherewith
he
payd
the
Souldiers
their
entertainment
for
foure
Moneths
.
This
Cilician
Queene
,
had
a
Guard
of
Cilicians
,
and
Aspendians
,
about
her
.
The
report
went
,
that
Cyrus
was
verie
familiar
with
her
.
From
hence
,
in
two
encampings
he
proceeded
[
*
](A15803-e2760-b)
*
37
Miles
and
a
halfe
.
18
miles
euerie
day
and
aboue
.
10
Parasangs
,
euen
as
far
as
Thymvrium
,
a
well
inhabited
Citie
.
Neere
the
way
leading
to
this
Citie
,
there
is
a
Fountaine
,
called
the
Fountaine
of
Mydas
King
of
Phrygia
,
where
the
fame
is
,
that
Mydas
hunted
the
Satyr
,
mingling
the
water
of
the
Fountaine
with
wine
.
From
thence
,
in
two
encampings
,
he
marched
10
Parasangs
,
and
came
to
Tyriaeum
,
a
Citie
full
of
people
;
He
remained
there
fiue
dayes
.
Whilst
he
was
there
,
the
report
goes
,
the
Cilician
Queene
requested
him
to
shew
her
his
Armie
,
whose
request
,
he
being
desirous
to
satisfie
,
tooke
a
muster
of
the
Grecians
,
and
Barbarians
,
in
the
Plaine
neere
adioyning
.
He
commanded
the
Grecians
to
order
,
and
range
themselues
according
to
their
wonted
manner
of
embattailing
,
euerie
Leader
directing
his
owne
Souldiers
.
They
were
therefore
ordered
[
c
](A15803-e2900-b)
c
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Cl●●●chus
,
the
Chiefe
of
the
Grecian
Commanders
in
the
le●t
Wing
.
A
muster
of
the
Army
of
Cyrus
.
No
Cu●aces
.
foure
in
depth
.
Menon
,
&
those
with
him
,
had
the
right
Wing
;
Clearchus
,
and
his
Souldiers
,
the
left
;
The
other
Commanders
,
the
middest
.
Cyrus
,
and
the
Queene
,
he
in
his
Chariot
,
she
in
her
Coach
,
rid
vp
and
downe
,
and
first
viewed
the
Barbarians
(
who
passed
by
,
and
aduanced
in
Troops
,
and
Companies
)
and
then
afterward
the
Grecians
.
They
had
euerie
man
a
Brazen
Head-peece
,
a
Scarlet
Coat
,
Greues
,
and
a
polished
and
bright
Target
.
When
he
had
passed
by
all
,
staying
his
Chariot
before
the
middest
of
the
Phalange
,
he
sent
Pigres
his
Interpreter
,
to
the
Grecian
Coronels
,
willing
them
to
command
a
Charge
(
as
if
they
were
to
giue
vpon
the
Enemie
)
and
to
moue
forward
with
the
whole
Phalange
,
who
gaue
warning
hereof
to
their
Souldiers
.
No
sooner
therefore
had
the
Trumpet
sounded
,
but
they
straightwayes
aduanced
,
[
d
](A15803-e3080-b)
d
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
holding
out
their
weapons
as
in
a
Charge
,
and
then
mending
their
pace
,
and
giuing
a
shout
,
they
fell
of
themselues
into
a
Plaine
,
running
toward
their
Tents
.
Cilician
Queene
forsooke
her
Coach
,
and
the
Market-folke
,
leauing
their
wares
behind
,
shifted
away
euerie
one
to
saue
himselfe
.
The
Grecians
not
without
laughter
,
held
on
forward
to
their
Tents
.
The
Cilician
Queene
wondred
not
a
little
at
the
beautie
and
order
of
the
Armie
,
and
Cyrus
tooke
as
much
pleasure
to
behold
the
Barbarians
put
into
such
a
feare
by
the
Grecians
.
From
hence
,
in
three
encampings
,
he
marched
20
Parasangs
,
and
came
to
Iconium
,
Tamon
.
Cyrus
ascended
the
Mountaines
without
resistance
of
any
Man
,
and
found
the
Tents
yet
standing
,
of
those
that
were
in
guard
of
the
Mountaines
.
From
thence
,
he
descended
into
a
great
,
beautifull
,
and
well
watered
Plaine
,
My
fellow
Souldiers
,
wonder
not
that
the
present
state
of
this
businesse
toucheth
me
to
the
quicke
,
for
Cyrus
hath
made
himselfe
mine
Host
,
being
banished
out
of
my
Countrey
,
and
not
only
done
me
other
honours
,
but
also
giuen
me
10000
Darickes
:
which
I
taking
,
hoorded
not
vp
for
mine
owne
priuate
vse
,
and
pleasure
,
but
disbursed
them
vpon
you
.
And
first
I
made
warre
vpon
the
Thracians
,
and
with
your
helpes
reuenged
the
wrongs
they
did
vnto
Greece
,
chasing
them
out
of
Cheronesus
,
whilst
they
endeuoured
to
take
that
Land
from
the
Grecians
.
But
when
Cyrus
called
for
me
,
I
tooke
you
with
me
,
and
went
to
Cyrus
,
to
the
end
in
his
need
to
shew
my selfe
thankful
for
his
former
kindnesse
and
fauours
towards
me
.
But
since
you
please
to
goe
no
further
,
I
must
of
necessitie
either
forsake
you
and
apply
my selfe
to
his
friendship
,
or
deceiue
his
hopes
,
and
remaine
still
with
you
.
For
my
part
(
I
know
not
whether
I
am
in
the
right
or
not
)
I
will
rather
chuse
you
,
and
with
you
partake
such
fortune
as
God
shall
send
.
Neither
shal
any
man
euer
say
,
that
I
led
the
Grecians
against
the
Barbarians
,
&
embracing
the
friendship
of
the
Barbarians
betrayed
the
Grecians
.
And
because
it
pleaseth
you
neither
to
be
perswaded
by
,
nor
yet
to
follow
me
,
I
will
follow
you
,
and
with
you
willingly
vndergoe
whatsoeuer
shall
happen
.
For
my
resolution
is
,
that
you
are
my
countrey
,
my
friends
,
and
my
fellowes
in
Armes
,
and
that
with
your
presence
,
I
shall
be
honorable
,
wheresoeuer
I
become
:
Being
depriued
of
you
,
I
shall
neither
be
able
to
pleasure
a
friend
,
nor
to
be
reuenged
vpon
an
enemie
.
Wherefore
I
would
haue
you
thinke
assuredly
,
that
whithersoeuer
you
goe
,
thither
will
I
goe
with
you
.
Thus
he
spake
.
His
owne
Souldiers
,
and
others
hearing
these
words
,
and
that
he
purposed
not
to
goe
against
the
King
,
commended
him
much
,
and
aboue
2000
of
Xenias
,
and
Pasions
Souldiers
taking
with
them
their
Armes
and
Carriages
,
came
and
encamped
with
Clearchus
.
Cyrus
doubting
the
sequell
of
these
things
,
and
somewhat
aggrieued
in
his
minde
,
sent
for
Clearchus
,
who
refused
to
goe
vnto
him
,
but
secretly
without
the
Souldiers
knowledge
willed
him
to
be
of
good
courage
,
for
he
doubted
not
,
but
all
should
be
well
.
Onely
he
desired
him
to
send
for
him
once
more
,
albeit
he
signified
before
hand
,
that
he
would
denie
to
come
.
Afterward
,
gathering
together
his
owne
Souldiers
,
and
the
other
that
quartered
with
him
,
and
as
many
besides
as
list
to
heare
,
he
said
thus
:
My
fellow
Souldiers
,
the
affaires
of
Cyrus
with
vs
,
and
ours
with
him
,
stand
almost
vpon
one
foot
,
and
carrie
no
great
difference
:
For
neither
are
we
his
Souldiers
any
more
,
because
we
follow
him
not
,
nor
yet
is
he
to
giue
vs
any
more
entertainment
.
I
know
well
he
thinketh
himselfe
much
wronged
by
vs
,
which
is
the
cause
I
refused
to
goe
vnto
him
,
when
I
was
sent
for
,
especially
being
ashamed
,
&
touched
in
conscience
,
that
I
had
deceiued
his
hopes
.
Further
I
feared
lest
laying
hands
vpon
me
,
he
might
perhaps
inflict
some
seuere
punishment
for
the
wrong
I
haue
done
him
.
I
am
therefore
of
opinion
,
that
it
is
high
time
for
vs
not
to
sleepe
,
nor
be
carelesse
of
our selues
,
but
to
take
counsell
what
is
to
be
done
:
for
if
we
be
forced
to
stay
here
,
it
is
to
be
considered
,
after
what
sort
we
may
stay
with
most
safetie
:
If
to
depart
,
how
we
may
most
securely
depart
,
and
how
recouer
things
necessarie
for
our
iourney
.
For
without
these
,
neither
Ge●erall
,
nor
common
Souldier
is
able
to
atchieue
any
thing
.
As
for
Cyrus
,
where
he
is
a
friend
,
he
is
a
sure
friend
,
and
highly
to
be
prised
;
where
an
enemie
,
no
man
more
sowre
,
nor
more
enemie-like
.
Besides
,
he
hath
Forces
of
Foot
,
of
Horse
,
and
Shipping
,
which
we
all
see
,
and
verie
well
vnderstand
,
as
being
quartered
not
farre
from
his
Campe
.
So
that
it
is
high
time
for
any
man
to
vtter
what
he
thinketh
.
Hauing
spoken
thus
,
he
held
his
peace
.
Then
arose
some
of
their
owne
accord
,
who
deliuered
their
opinions
.
Other
some
by
his
subornation
,
shewed
the
impossibilitie
of
going
or
staying
,
without
the
good
will
of
Cyrus
.
One
making
semblance
of
hasting
into
Greece
with
all
speed
,
aduised
to
chuse
other
Generals
quickly
,
in
case
Clearchus
refused
to
leade
away
,
and
to
buy
things
requisite
for
the
iourney
(
for
there
was
a
Market
,
said
he
,
in
the
quarter
of
the
Barbarians
)
and
immediatly
to
trusse
vp
their
baggage
,
and
goe
to
Cyrus
,
and
require
Shipping
,
to
depart
in
:
And
in
case
he
refuse
to
giue
them
,
to
desire
a
guide
to
leade
vs
thorow
the
Countrey
as
friends
.
If
he
refuse
that
also
,
then
presently
to
put
the
Armie
in
Battell
array
,
and
to
dispatch
away
some
,
to
seise
vpon
the
height
of
the
Straights
,
that
neither
Cyrus
preuent
vs
,
nor
yet
the
Cilicians
,
abundance
of
whose
persons
and
goods
,
we
haue
preid
and
carrie
with
vs
.
Thus
much
spake
he
.
Then
answered
Clearchus
in
this
manner
:
Let
no
man
once
imagine
,
that
I
will
take
vpon
me
the
place
of
Generall
ouer
this
Armie
(
for
there
are
many
things
that
disswade
me
from
it
)
But
if
you
shall
thinke
good
to
chuse
any
other
man
,
I
will
not
faile
to
obey
him
to
my
vttermost
;
that
you
may
see
,
I
know
as
well
to
be
commanded
,
as
any
man
else
whosoeuer
.
After
Clearchus
,
another
arose
,
shewing
the
simplicitie
of
him
,
that
aduised
to
require
Shipping
of
Cyrus
,
as
though
he
had
no
further
vse
for
it
,
and
what
a
shallownesse
it
would
be
,
to
require
that
of
a
Generall
,
which
if
he
granted
,
his
enterprise
should
be
quite
ouerthrowne
.
And
if
we
were
in
any
thing
to
trust
the
guide
,
that
Cyrus
should
giue
vs
,
why
commanded
we
not
Cyrus
to
take
the
top
of
the
Hils
for
vs
?
For
my
part
,
I
would
be
thorowly
aduised
,
ere
I
went
into
Ships
of
his
prouiding
,
lest
he
sinke
both
vs
and
them
;
and
would
feare
his
guide
,
left
he
leade
vs
to
a
place
,
from
whence
there
were
no
comming
off
.
I
had
rather
goe
hence
without
Cyrus
his
knowledge
,
if
there
were
any
meanes
to
hide
my
departure
from
him
:
but
that
is
a
thing
impossible
,
as
also
I
say
,
these
are
all
idle
conceits
:
for
my
aduice
,
I
would
thinke
it
expedient
,
to
send
fit
men
with
Clearchus
vnto
Cyrus
,
to
enquire
,
wherein
he
will
be
pleased
to
vse
our
seruice
,
and
if
the
action
be
like
vnto
those
,
wherein
he
hath
heretofore
imployed
Strangers
,
to
follow
him
,
and
to
shew
our selues
no
worse
,
then
they
were
,
that
heretofore
ascended
to
his
father
with
him
.
But
if
the
enterprise
seeme
greater
,
and
of
more
labour
,
and
more
perill
,
than
other
former
enterprises
haue
been
,
to
desire
him
either
to
perswade
vs
,
and
so
to
leade
vs
with
him
,
or
else
to
yeeld
to
our
perswasions
,
and
friendly
to
dismisse
vs
.
For
so
both
in
following
him
,
we
shall
follow
as
friends
,
readie
to
doe
him
seruice
,
and
in
returning
,
returne
with
safetie
.
What
answer
he
maketh
,
I
thinke
necessarie
to
be
reported
to
the
Armie
,
that
we
may
consult
vpon
it
accordingly
.
This
was
decreed
by
the
whole
assembly
,
and
chosen
men
sent
with
Clearchus
to
make
demands
to
Cyrus
,
according
to
the
resolution
of
the
Assembly
.
Cyrus
answered
,
that
he
had
newes
,
that
Abrocomas
an
enemie
of
his
,
was
at
the
Riuer
Euphrates
,
which
was
about
12
encampings
from
thence
:
That
he
went
against
him
,
and
if
he
found
him
there
,
he
would
be
reuenged
vpon
him
;
if
he
fled
away
,
we
will
deliberate
then
,
said
he
,
what
is
to
be
done
.
The
chosen
men
made
report
hereof
to
the
Souldiers
,
who
albeit
they
had
a
suspition
,
they
were
led
against
the
King
,
yet
decreed
to
hold
on
.
When
they
demanded
of
Cyrus
an
augmentation
of
pay
,
hee
promised
them
halfe
as
much
more
as
they
had
before
,
[
a
](A15803-e4610-b)
a
18
Mile
and
vpwards
.
600
Foot
.
fiue
Parasangs
,
and
came
to
the
Riuer
Pyramus
,
whose
bredth
is
a
furlong
.
From
thence
in
two
encampings
,
[
b
](A15803-e4640-b)
b
28
Miles
and
more
a
day
.
15
Parasangs
,
and
came
to
Issos
,
the
last
Citie
of
Cilicia
,
a
Citie
situated
vpon
the
Sea
,
being
well
peopled
,
large
and
rich
.
There
he
remained
three
daies
.
Here
out
of
Peloponnesus
came
to
Cyrus
35
Ships
vnder
the
command
of
Pythagoras
the
Lacedemonian
.
The
Admirall
of
the
whole
Fleet
was
Tamos
the
Aegyptian
,
who
brought
with
him
25
other
of
Cyrus
his
Ships
from
Ephesus
,
with
which
hee
had
before
besieged
Miletus
,
because
that
Citie
tooke
part
with
Tissaphernes
:
and
this
Tamos
followed
Cyrus
against
him
.
Cherisophus
the
Lacedemonian
came
with
these
Ships
,
18
Mile
and
more
.
The
streights
of
Syria
.
The
Riuer
Chersos
.
These
were
two
walles
,
of
which
Syennesis
,
and
a
guard
of
the
Cilicians
had
the
defence
of
the
inmost
next
to
Cilicia
:
The
other
next
Syria
was
defended
by
a
guard
of
the
Kings
souldiers
.
Thorow
the
middest
of
these
two
runneth
the
riuer
called
Kersos
,
being
of
the
bredth
of
a
hundred
foot
.
The
whole
distance
betweene
the
two
walls
is
three
furlongs
,
and
it
admitteth
no
passage
by
force
,
the
neather
way
toward
the
Sea
being
narrow
and
fenced
with
strong
walles
,
and
the
vpper
nothing
but
inaccessible
rockes
.
In
either
wall
there
is
a
gate
set
.
This
passage
was
the
cause
that
Cyrus
sent
for
his
ships
,
that
in
them
he
might
transport
armed
foot
both
without
and
within
the
gates
to
force
a
way
,
if
it
were
so
that
the
enemy
sought
to
make
good
that
place
,
which
he
thought
Abrocomas
with
his
souldiers
,
that
he
had
in
great
number
,
went
about
to
doe
.
But
Abrocomas
did
it
not
:
For
as
soone
as
he
heard
,
that
Cyrus
was
aduanced
into
Cilicia
,
he
returned
with
all
speed
out
of
Phoenicia
to
the
King
,
But
let
them
know
for
certaintie
,
that
neither
they
are
so
secretly
fled
,
but
that
I
am
informed
whither
they
are
gone
,
nor
yet
that
they
are
out
of
my
reach
,
for
I
haue
gallies
enow
that
will
easily
(
if
I
list
)
fetch
vp
their
ship
.
But
indeed
it
is
not
my
purpose
to
pursue
them
:
neither
shall
it
be
said
,
that
I
vse
the
seruice
of
any
man
so
long
,
as
he
is
willing
to
follow
me
,
and
when
he
is
desirous
to
be
gone
,
arrest
him
,
and
intreat
him
ill
,
and
spoile
him
of
that
,
he
hath
.
But
,
as
I
said
,
let
them
goe
,
and
vnderstand
,
that
they
deale
worse
with
vs
,
than
wee
with
them
:
And
albeit
I
haue
their
wiues
and
children
at
Tralles
in
custodie
,
yet
shall
they
not
be
defrauded
,
but
haue
them
safely
deliuered
into
their
hands
,
in
respect
of
their
former
seruice
to
mee
.
So
much
Cyrus
.
The
Grecians
hearing
the
worthy
disposition
of
Cyrus
,
euen
those
that
before
were
slacke
and
backward
in
the
iourney
,
followed
him
now
more
willingly
and
cheerefully
.
[
a
](A15803-e5420-b)
a
A
Plether
.
The
gods
of
the
Syrians
.
100
foot
broad
,
which
was
full
of
great
tame
fish
,
which
the
Syrians
thinke
to
be
gods
,
and
therefore
suffer
them
not
to
be
harmed
no
more
than
they
doe
Pigeons
.
The
villages
wherein
they
encamped
pertained
to
Parisatis
,
being
giuen
to
her
for
her
maintenance
.
My
Companions
(
quoth
he
)
if
you
will
be
ruled
by
mee
,
you
shall
without
danger
or
labour
be
more
esteemed
of
Cyrus
than
all
the
rest
.
What
then
would
I
haue
you
doe
?
Cyrus
at
this
instant
is
intreating
the
Grecians
to
follow
him
against
the
King
.
This
is
therefore
my
counsell
,
that
wee
passe
ouer
Euphrates
before
it
appeare
what
answer
the
other
Grecians
will
deliuer
vnto
Cyrus
.
For
if
they
resolue
to
follow
him
,
it
will
seeme
that
you
that
first
began
to
passe
,
are
the
cause
thereof
,
and
Cyrus
will
both
thanke
and
reward
you
,
as
the
most
forward
of
all
the
rest
(
for
he
knowes
how
to
doe
it
as
well
as
any
man
)
but
if
they
resolue
the
contrarie
,
we
will
all
returne
ouer
the
riuer
backe
againe
.
So
shall
it
come
to
passe
that
Cyrus
will
vse
vs
both
for
Garrisons
,
and
for
Commanders
,
as
the
most
obedient
and
most
faithfull
souldiers
of
his
Armie
,
and
if
there
bee
any
thing
else
you
shall
request
of
him
,
I
assure
my selfe
you
shall
finde
him
your
especiall
friend
.
The
souldiers
hearing
this
,
yeelded
to
his
perswasion
,
and
passed
the
riuer
before
the
other
could
resolue
vpon
an
answer
.
Cyrus
perceiuing
they
were
passed
ouer
,
was
glad
at
heart
,
and
sent
Glous
vnto
them
,
willing
him
to
say
in
his
name
;
Cyrus
at
this
present
praiseth
and
commendeth
you
,
but
he
will
indeuour
to
giue
you
cause
hereafter
to
praise
him
,
else
would
he
not
haue
you
thinke
him
to
be
Cyrus
.
The
souldiers
filled
with
great
hopes
,
wished
him
good
successe
in
all
designes
.
It
is
said
,
he
sent
rich
presents
vnto
Menon
.
This
done
,
he
passed
the
riuer
,
Ostriches
.
Bustards
.
and
not
a
few
Ostriches
.
There
were
also
Bustards
and
wilde
Goats
.
These
asses
being
chaced
first
fled
on
afore
,
and
afterward
turned
and
stood
at
a
gaze
(
for
they
were
much
swifter
than
a
horse
)
&
again
did
the
like
when
a
horse
came
neere
them
.
So
that
it
was
a
matter
impossible
to
take
them
,
vnlesse
the
horsemen
hunted
with
their
horses
placed
in
distance
,
and
taking
the
chace
one
from
another
.
The
flesh
of
them
being
caught
is
in
taste
like
a
red
Deere
,
sauing
that
it
is
a
little
more
tender
.
No
man
could
lay
hand
vpon
an
Ostrich
,
and
the
horsemen
that
gaue
her
chace
soone
quitted
it
.
For
she
runs
away
flying
vsing
her
feet
for
course
,
&
lifting
vp
her selfe
with
her
wings
,
as
it
were
with
the
sailes
of
a
ship
.
As
for
the
Bustards
,
they
are
easily
caught
if
a
man
sodainly
spring
them
:
for
they
both
make
a
short
flight
as
Partriges
doe
,
and
are
soone
weary
.
The
flesh
of
them
is
very
delicate
&
pleasant
.
Proceeding
on
thorow
this
country
the
Armie
came
to
the
Riuer
Masca
,
which
carrieth
100
foot
in
bredth
.
[
a
](A15803-e6280-b)
a
A
Capitha
containeth
halfe
a
pecke
of
our
measure
.
A
Chaenix
a
quarter
of
a
pecke
.
Capitha
of
meale
was
sold
for
foure
Sicles
:
a
Sicle
is
valued
at
7
Attick
[
b
](A15803-e6370-b)
b
Obolus
Atticus
is
taken
for
peny
farthing
of
our
money
.
Oboli
,
&
a
half
,
and
a
Capitha
containes
2
Atticke
Chaenices
.
The
Souldiers
therefore
fed
vpon
flesh
.
These
encampings
were
a
great
distance
one
from
another
,
&
they
fell
out
to
be
the
longer
because
Cyrus
was
forced
to
march
on
till
he
came
either
to
water
or
fodder
.
And
if
it
chanced
that
the
way
leading
thorow
streights
or
mire
were
hardly
passable
for
the
Chariots
,
Cyrus
would
stay
with
the
best
and
gallantest
of
his
traine
,
&
command
Glous
or
Pigres
to
take
some
of
the
Barbarian
army
,
&
draw
the
Chariots
out
of
the
mire
.
And
in
case
they
seemed
too
slow
,
he
would
,
Clearchus
,
and
Proxenus
,
and
you
the
rest
of
the
Grecians
that
are
present
,
you
know
not
what
you
doe
;
For
if
you
fall
to
fight
among
your selues
,
you
may
well
thinke
,
that
this
day
you
shall
cut
me
a
peeces
,
and
your selues
not
long
after
me
.
For
if
our
affaires
goe
ill
,
all
these
Barbarians
that
you
see
,
will
be
greater
enemies
to
you
,
than
they
,
who
are
with
the
King
.
Clearchus
hearing
these
things
,
came
againe
to
himselfe
,
and
both
of
them
moderating
their
choller
,
laid
their
Armes
downe
in
the
place
.
Cyrus
.
Cyrus
hearing
this
,
held
it
a
matter
of
importance
,
and
therefore
he
willed
him
to
take
a
parcell
of
Horse
out
of
euerie
Troope
.
Orontes
thinking
these
Horse
were
readie
at
his
call
,
writ
a
Letter
to
the
King
,
that
he
would
come
vnto
him
with
as
many
Horse
,
as
he
could
get
;
Onely
he
desired
,
it
would
please
the
King
,
to
giue
charge
to
his
Hors-men
to
receiue
him
as
a
friend
.
Besides
,
he
added
in
his
Letters
many
remembrances
,
&
tokens
of
his
old
friendship
&
faith
to
the
King
,
and
deliuered
the
letter
to
a
trustie
Messenger
,
as
he
imagined
;
who
as
soone
as
he
receiued
it
,
shewed
it
to
Cyrus
.
When
Cyrus
had
read
the
contents
,
he
caused
Orontes
to
be
apprehended
,
&
called
into
the
same
tent
wherein
himselfe
was
,
seuen
of
the
most
honorable
Persians
he
had
about
him
,
&
commanded
the
Grecian
Leaders
,
to
bring
vnto
him
some
number
of
their
armed
Foot
,
whom
he
appointed
to
lay
downe
their
Armes
at
his
Tent.
My
friends
,
I
haue
called
you
together
,
that
consulting
with
you
about
this
Orontes
,
I
might
doe
that
,
which
is
most
iust
,
both
before
God
,
and
Men.
My
Father
at
the
first
gaue
him
to
be
vnder
my
command
;
afterward
by
commandement
of
my
Brother
,
as
he
professeth
,
hauing
in
possession
the
Citadell
of
Sardes
,
he
made
warre
vpon
me
;
but
I
pursued
him
with
armes
so
neere
,
that
he
thought
it
best
to
forbeare
bearing
armes
against
me
,
and
afterward
receiued
his
,
and
gaue
him
my
right
hand
in
token
of
reconciliation
.
He
added
,
Was
there
any
thing
,
Orontes
,
I
wronged
you
in
after
this
?
Orontes
answered
,
Nothing
.
Then
Cyrus
asked
him
againe
,
Did
not
you
afterward
,
being
not
wronged
by
me
,
as
your selfe
confesse
,
reuolt
to
the
Mysians
,
and
spoile
my
Countrey
to
your
vttermost
power
?
I
did
,
said
Orontes
.
And
when
you
found
your selfe
too
weake
,
did
you
not
fly
to
the
Altar
of
Diana
,
saying
,
you
repented
of
that
you
had
done
,
and
desired
pardon
,
and
gaue
and
tooke
of
me
assurance
of
no
further
enmitie
betwixt
vs
?
Orontes
acknowledged
this
also
.
Wherein
then
(
quoth
Cyrus
)
haue
I
wronged
you
,
that
you
sought
to
betray
me
the
third
time
?
When
Orontes
confessed
,
he
was
not
wronged
;
Cyrus
asked
him
,
Doe
you
confesse
then
,
you
haue
done
me
wrong
?
I
must
needs
,
quoth
Orontes
.
Then
Cyrus
asked
him
againe
,
will
you
henceforward
then
be
enemie
to
my
Brother
,
and
friend
,
and
trustie
to
me
?
Although
I
should
,
answered
he
,
I
shall
not
seeme
so
to
you
.
After
this
,
Cyrus
said
to
those
that
were
present
:
You
haue
heard
,
what
this
man
hath
done
,
and
said
;
Begin
Clearchus
,
and
giue
first
your
iudgement
vpon
him
.
Then
said
Clearchus
:
I
made
choice
of
you
(
ô
Grecians
)
to
be
my
Companions
in
Armes
,
not
because
I
wanted
,
or
might
not
haue
had
plentie
of
Barbarians
,
but
I
chose
you
for
that
I
esteemed
you
better
,
and
more
to
be
valued
than
many
multitudes
of
Barbarians
.
Shew
your selues
therefore
men
worthy
of
the
libertie
you
enioy
,
in
respect
whereof
,
I
hold
you
also
happie
.
For
I
would
haue
you
know
,
that
I
prise
libertie
aboue
all
things
I
possesse
,
and
aboue
many
more
of
greater
worth
,
than
those
,
I
possesse
.
But
to
the
end
you
may
vnderstand
what
fight
you
are
at
this
present
to
vndergoe
,
I
will
in
few
words
declare
it
vnto
you
.
The
number
of
the
enemie
is
great
,
and
they
charge
with
a
great
cry
.
Endure
the
first
,
and
I
am
ashamed
of
the
rest
:
and
,
am
likewise
ashamed
,
what
manner
of
men
you
shall
finde
the
Inhabitants
of
these
Countreys
to
be
.
And
in
case
you
shew
your selues
men
,
and
be
couragious
,
and
valiant
,
whosoeuer
desireth
to
returne
to
his
home
,
I
will
so
send
him
away
,
that
at
his
returne
,
his
fellow
Citizens
shall
haue
cause
to
enuie
his
good
hap
.
But
I
thinke
so
to
vse
the
matter
,
that
many
shall
rather
chuse
to
remaine
,
and
take
such
part
as
I
shall
haue
,
than
to
returne
home
to
their
Countreys
.
Hereupon
Gaulites
a
Fugitiue
of
Samos
,
but
faithfull
to
Cyrus
,
replied
;
There
are
(
ô
Cyrus
)
that
say
,
you
make
large
promises
by
reason
of
the
perill
at
hand
;
but
in
case
the
successe
be
good
,
you
will
forget
all
.
Other
some
,
My
Fathers
Kingdome
stretcheth
toward
the
South
so
farre
,
that
for
heat
,
no
man
is
able
to
inhabit
;
toward
the
North
,
that
no
man
can
inhabit
for
cold
;
the
middlemost
parts
,
are
vnder
the
gouernment
of
my
Brothers
friends
.
If
we
get
the
victorie
,
I
can
doe
no
lesse
,
than
establish
you
my
friends
in
the
possession
of
them
.
So
that
I
feare
not
(
if
my
iourney
prosper
)
not
to
haue
enough
,
wherewith
to
pleasure
euerie
one
of
my
friends
,
but
I
feare
rather
,
I
shall
not
haue
friends
enow
to
pleasure
.
But
to
you
,
ô
Grecians
,
to
euerie
one
of
you
,
I
will
giue
ouer
and
aboue
my
promise
,
a
Crowne
of
Gold
.
They
that
heard
these
things
,
were
much
more
forward
than
before
,
and
related
them
to
the
rest
.
Many
both
of
the
chiefest
Commanders
,
and
also
some
other
of
the
Grecians
,
went
in
to
Cyrus
,
demanding
what
should
be
their
reward
,
in
case
they
won
the
day
;
whom
Cyrus
sent
away
full
of
good
hopes
.
About
that
time
,
Clearchus
asked
Cyrus
,
Doe
you
thinke
(
Cyrus
)
your
Brother
will
hazard
a
battell
?
[
a
](A15803-e7840-b)
a
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
10400
Armed
,
and
2400
Targetiers
,
the
Barbarians
with
Cyrus
[
b
](A15803-e7890-b)
b
Euery
Myriade
is
10000.
10
Myriades
,
Sythed
Chariots
about
20.
The
enemie
was
said
to
be
120
Myriades
,
and
about
200
Sythed
Chariots
.
Besides
,
there
were
6000
Horse
vnder
the
leading
of
Artagerses
;
they
were
ranged
before
the
King
.
There
were
foure
Rulers
,
or
Generals
,
or
Leaders
,
of
the
Kings
Armie
;
of
whom
,
euerie
one
had
30
Myriades
vnder
his
charge
;
to
wit
,
Abrocomas
,
Tissaphernes
,
Gobryas
,
and
Arbaces
.
But
of
this
number
,
there
were
no
more
,
then
90
Myriades
present
in
the
battell
,
and
150
Sythed
Chariots
.
For
Abrocomas
,
although
he
posted
with
all
speed
out
of
Phoenicia
,
came
fiue
daies
after
the
battell
.
The
Fugitiues
from
the
Kings
Armie
,
brought
this
information
to
Cyrus
before
the
battell
;
and
those
of
the
enemie
,
that
were
intercepted
after
the
battel
,
confirmed
the
same
.
From
hence
Cyrus
in
one
encamping
,
marched
3
Parasangs
;
his
whole
Armie
,
both
Grecians
&
Barbarians
,
being
in
battell
array
:
for
he
thought
the
king
would
haue
fought
that
day
,
because
at
the
end
of
this
halfe
daies
iourney
,
The
order
of
Cyrus
his
battel
.
The
place
of
the
Commanders
.
Of
the
battell
of
Grecians
.
Light
armed
of
the
Grecians
.
Ariaeus
is
afterward
called
General
of
the
Horse
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Then
with
great
diligence
they
ordered
themselues
,
Clearchus
in
the
point
of
the
right
Wing
,
by
the
Riuer
Euphrates
,
Proxenus
next
vnto
him
,
and
the
other
after
Proxenus
.
Menon
,
and
his
Regiment
,
had
the
point
of
the
left
Wing
of
the
Grecian
battell
.
Of
the
Barbarians
,
about
1000
Paphlagonian
Hors-men
stood
by
Clearchus
on
the
right
hand
,
and
all
the
Targetiers
of
the
Grecians
.
On
the
left
hand
of
the
whole
Phalange
,
Arieus
,
Cyrus
his
Lieutenant
Generall
,
and
the
remnant
of
the
Barbarians
.
Cyrus
himselfe
held
the
middest
with
600
Hors-men
,
which
were
armed
with
great
Curaces
and
tases
,
and
all
of
them
with
Caskes
,
except
Cyrus
alone
.
Cyrus
stood
waiting
the
fight
with
his
head
vnarmed
:
It
is
said
,
that
other
Persians
also
,
when
they
hazard
battell
,
fight
with
their
heads
vnarmed
.
All
the
Horse
that
serued
vnder
Cyrus
,
had
both
Frontlets
and
Brest-plates
;
the
Hors-men
had
Grecian
Swords
also
.
It
was
now
mid-day
,
and
the
enemie
was
not
yet
come
in
sight
;
but
when
mid-day
was
past
,
first
a
dust
appeared
like
vnto
a
Cloud
,
and
a
little
while
after
,
a
kinde
of
blacknesse
spread
ouer
the
whole
Plaine
.
When
they
came
somewhat
neerer
,
a
man
might
discerne
the
shining
of
Brasse
,
and
their
Speares
,
and
array
were
easily
discouered
.
And
on
the
left
Wing
of
the
enemie
,
Sythed
Chariots
,
Grecian
Phalange
(
for
the
king
so
abounded
in
multitude
,
that
all
the
middest
of
his
battell
stretched
,
and
was
extended
without
the
left
Wing
of
Cyrus
his
Troopes
)
would
not
for
all
that
draw
away
the
right
Wing
from
the
Riuer
,
Iupiter
the
Sauiour
,
and
Victorie
:
which
Cyrus
hearing
,
I
accept
it
,
said
he
,
and
let
it
be
so
.
After
he
had
thus
spoken
,
he
returned
to
his
owne
pla●●
.
And
now
the
two
Phalanges
were
not
aboue
three
or
foure
Furlongs
one
from
another
,
when
the
Grecians
sang
the
Paan
,
Persian
Phalange
,
as
it
is
the
manner
of
all
the
Persian
Commanders
,
to
leade
in
the
middest
of
their
Troopes
,
conceiuing
that
they
are
there
in
greatest
safetie
,
both
because
their
strength
is
equally
diuided
on
both
sides
of
them
,
and
in
case
of
Commands
,
the
Armie
may
receiue
directions
in
halfe
the
time
it
should
,
if
they
were
else-where
placed
.
So
the
King
being
then
in
his
Station
in
the
middest
of
his
Phalange
,
and
yet
without
the
point
of
Cyrus
his
left
Wing
,
and
seeing
no
man
to
fight
against
him
on
the
contrarie
part
,
nor
yet
against
the
Troopes
,
that
were
ranged
before
him
,
he
wound
and
turned
his
battell
to
the
left
hand
,
to
the
intent
to
ouerwing
and
encompasse
in
his
aduersaries
;
which
Cyrus
perceiuing
,
and
fearing
lest
comming
on
the
backes
of
the
Grecians
,
he
should
cut
them
in
peeces
,
he
galloped
forth
,
and
met
him
in
Front
,
Elder
Cyrus
.
For
first
,
Tissaphernes
,
Milet
onely
excepted
:
which
feared
him
,
for
that
he
would
not
forsake
,
but
gaue
incouragement
to
the
fugitiues
of
their
Citie
.
For
he
declared
both
in
deed
and
word
,
that
after
he
had
once
receiued
them
into
his
friendship
,
Grecian
Targetiers
by
the
Riuer
side
,
yet
killed
he
no
man
in
giuing
on
,
for
the
Grecians
opening
their
battell
speedily
,
left
a
passage
for
Tissaphernes
,
striking
and
darting
at
him
,
and
his
,
as
they
passed
thorow
.
Episthenes
the
Amphipolitan
,
was
Captaine
of
the
Targetiers
,
esteemed
a
man
of
good
direction
;
therefore
Tissaphernes
departed
,
as
hauing
the
worst
;
and
making
toward
the
Grecian
Campe
,
met
the
King
there
,
and
both
ioining
againe
their
Forces
,
aduanced
forward
.
After
they
were
now
come
as
far
as
the
left
Wing
of
the
Grecians
,
the
Grecians
feared
the
enemie
would
charge
their
Wing
,
and
so
wrapping
in
their
battell
on
both
sides
,
cut
it
in
peeces
.
Finis
Libri
Primi
.
THE
SECOND
BOOKE
OF
THE
HISTORIE
OF
XENOPHON
,
TOVCHING
THE
Ascent
of
CYRVS
the
younger
,
out
of
Asia
the
Lesse
,
into
the
Higher
COVNTREYS
.
IN
the
booke
next
before-going
,
is
declared
how
Cyrus
at
such
time
,
as
he
warred
against
his
brother
Artaxerxes
,
leuied
his
forces
out
of
Greece
,
and
what
happened
in
the
iourney
,
and
how
the
battell
was
fought
,
and
after
what
manner
Cyrus
ended
his
life
,
and
how
the
Greekes
thinking
themselues
masters
of
the
field
,
and
Cyrus
to
be
aliue
,
returned
to
their
campe
,
and
tooke
themselues
to
rest
.
As
soone
as
it
was
day
,
the
chiefe
Commanders
gathering
together
,
maruelled
that
Cyrus
neither
sent
vnto
them
,
nor
came
himselfe
to
giue
direction
,
what
was
to
be
done
.
Therefore
they
thought
good
to
trusse
vp
their
baggage
,
that
was
left
,
and
to
put
themselues
in
armes
,
and
march
forward
,
and
ioyne
their
forces
with
Cyrus
.
Whilest
they
were
busie
herein
,
by
sun-rising
came
Procles
,
Herodot
.
lib.
6.175
.
&
Pausani●s
in
Laconicis
.
l.
3.171.30
.
Ariaeus
his
message
to
the
Grecians
.
sometimes
gouernour
of
Teuthrania
,
a
man
of
the
posteritie
of
Demaratus
the
Lacedemonian
,
and
Glus
the
sonne
of
Tamon
.
They
brought
word
of
the
death
of
Cyrus
,
and
that
Ariaeus
,
with
the
other
Barbarians
,
being
put
to
flight
in
the
battell
,
were
retired
to
the
campe
,
from
whence
they
dislodged
the
day
before
:
and
said
further
,
that
Ariaeus
would
stay
for
them
that
whole
day
,
if
they
thought
good
to
come
vnto
him
,
and
the
next
day
set
forward
toward
Ionia
,
Would
God
Cyrus
had
liued
.
But
seeing
he
is
dead
,
carry
word
to
Ariaeus
,
that
we
haue
vanquished
the
King
,
and
that
no
man
,
as
your selues
are
eye-witnesses
,
fighteth
or
lifteth
vp
his
hand
against
vs
;
and
had
you
not
come
,
we
were
euen
at
this
instant
marching
against
the
King
.
But
say
to
Ariaeus
,
if
hee
please
to
come
&
ioyne
with
vs
,
we
will
install
him
in
the
Kings
throne
.
Hauing
spoken
thus
much
,
he
sent
away
the
messengers
,
and
with
them
Cherisophus
the
La●edemonian
,
and
Menon
the
Thessalian
:
For
Menon
himselfe
,
being
a
friend
and
guest
to
Ariaeus
,
desired
to
goe
.
So
these
men
departed
,
leauing
Clearchus
behinde
with
the
army
.
The
army
in
the
meanetime
victualled
it selfe
,
in
the
best
manner
it
could
,
that
it
was
not
the
manner
for
conquerours
to
deliuer
vp
their
armes
.
But
you
the
Coronels
,
said
he
,
giue
answer
to
these
men
,
as
you
shall
thinke
best
,
and
most
fitting
our
affaires
:
I
will
streightwaies
returne
to
you
.
For
he
had
at
that
present
a
sacrifice
in
hand
,
and
one
of
the
Serieants
came
for
him
,
to
the
end
he
might
looke
vpon
the
intrailes
of
the
beast
.
Athenian
:
Phalinus
,
you
see
we
haue
nothing
left
vs
,
besides
our
armes
and
valour
.
As
long
as
we
keepe
our
armes
,
wee
shall
haue
vse
of
our
valour
;
deliuering
them
vp
,
wee
imagine
,
wee
shall
not
long
be
owners
of
our
bodies
or
liues
.
Thinke
not
then
,
Phalinus
,
The
report
is
,
that
some
other
spake
to
c●rrie
fauour
:
namely
,
that
as
they
had
been
faithfull
to
Cyrus
,
so
would
they
doe
the
King
good
seruice
,
if
he
pleased
to
be
their
friend
:
For
whether
he
were
disposed
to
employ
them
otherwise
,
or
else
in
the
warres
against
Aegypt
,
they
would
vndertake
to
bring
it
vnder
his
subiection
.
By
this
time
came
Clearchus
,
&
asked
,
whether
they
had
yet
giuen
answer
to
the
messengers
,
or
no
,
Phalinus
told
him
that
the
Coronels
answered
one
one
,
another
another
thing
.
But
I
pray
,
said
he
,
let
vs
heare
your
answer
.
For
my
part
,
quoth
Clearchus
,
Thus
much
insinuated
Clearchus
,
being
desirous
,
that
Phalinus
the
Kings
messenger
should
aduise
the
Graecians
not
to
deliuer
vp
their
armes
,
that
therby
they
might
gather
heart
,
and
receiue
the
greater
encouragement
.
But
Phalinus
withdrawing
himselfe
a
little
,
and
streight-waies
returning
,
spake
thus
contrary
to
Clearchus
his
expectation
:
If
amongst
10000
hopes
you
had
but
one
,
Hereunto
Clearchus
replied
:
Well
then
this
is
your
opinion
:
But
from
vs
returne
this
answer
to
the
King
;
that
,
if
we
may
be
thought
worthy
to
be
his
friends
,
we
shall
be
better
friends
hauing
armes
,
than
deliuering
them
vp
to
any
man
else
;
if
no
remedy
be
but
warre
,
we
shall
better
make
warre
with
armes
,
than
without
,
after
we
haue
rendred
them
vp
.
We
will
,
quoth
Phalinus
,
deliuer
your
answer
;
But
we
haue
futher
in
charge
from
the
King
to
say
vnto
you
:
That
as
long
,
as
you
stay
where
you
are
,
you
may
expect
truce
;
warre
,
if
you
march
forward
,
or
depart
.
Say
hereunto
,
I
pray
,
whether
you
will
stay
,
and
haue
truce
,
or
else
I
shall
carry
tidings
of
warre
vnto
the
King
?
Clearchus
answered
:
Carry
tidings
with
you
,
that
we
are
of
the
same
opinion
that
the
King
is
of
.
What
opinion
is
that
,
quoth
Phalinus
?
To
haue
truce
,
said
Clearchus
,
if
we
stay
;
warre
,
if
we
depart
,
or
march
forward
.
But
he
signified
not
,
what
he
meant
to
doe
.
Euen
now
when
I
asked
counsell
of
the
gods
by
sacrifice
,
whether
we
should
goe
against
the
King
or
no
,
the
intrayles
assented
not
;
and
not
without
ca●se
:
For
,
as
I
now
vnderstand
,
the
Riuer
Tigris
,
a
Riuer
nauigable
,
lieth
in
the
mid-way
betwixt
vs
and
the
King
;
which
Riuer
we
cannot
passe
without
shipping
.
Shipping
we
haue
none
,
and
being
destitute
of
victuall
we
may
not
remaine
here
.
But
the
sacrifice
was
faire
,
and
allowed
of
our
going
to
the
friends
of
Cyrus
.
This
therefore
must
be
our
order
.
We
must
for
the
present
away
euery
man
to
his
lodging
,
and
there
sup
with
such
as
he
hath
.
When
the
horne
giueth
signe
to
rest
,
let
euery
man
make
ready
to
depart
.
At
the
second
signe
lay
your
baggage
vpon
the
carriage-beasts
;
at
the
third
follow
your
leaders
;
and
in
our
march
the
cariage-beasts
are
to
be
placed
next
the
riuer
,
the
armed
without
them
.
The
Coronels
and
Captaines
hearing
this
,
departed
,
and
did
so
.
And
thenceforward
Clearchus
commanded
,
and
they
obeyed
him
,
not
because
he
was
chiefe
by
election
,
but
because
they
saw
,
he
onely
was
able
to
command
,
the
rest
without
experience
.
The
length
of
the
iourney
from
Ephesu●
in
Ionia
to
the
place
of
the
battell
were
93
encampings
,
Ariaeus
,
seeing
it
so
falleth
out
,
that
your
iourney
,
and
ours
is
all
one
,
tell
me
,
I
pray
,
your
opinion
,
Which
suggestion
of
his
serued
for
no
other
purpose
but
for
a
speedy
shifting
and
running
away
.
But
fortune
afterward
was
a
better
guide
for
vs
.
As
soone
as
it
was
day
,
all
set
forward
,
hauing
the
sunne
on
the
right
hand
,
imagining
that
by
sun-set
they
should
reach
to
Villages
of
the
Babylonian
Territorie
.
Neither
were
they
deceiued
in
their
imagination
.
About
euening
they
thought
they
saw
the
enemies
Horse
;
and
both
the
Grecians
,
which
were
out
of
order
,
ranne
to
their
places
,
and
Ariaeus
(
for
he
rode
on
a
Waggon
,
because
of
his
wound
receiued
in
the
battell
)
alighted
and
put
on
his
curace
,
as
did
the
rest
likewise
,
that
were
in
his
Company
.
But
while
they
were
arming
,
the
scouts
brought
tydings
,
that
they
were
no
Horse
,
but
onely
carriage-beasts
at
pasture
,
and
streightwaies
euery
man
easily
coniectured
,
that
the
Kings
Campe
was
some
where
not
farre
of
.
Howbeit
Clearchus
led
not
against
the
enemy
,
both
because
our
Souldiers
courages
began
to
fall
,
and
also
because
they
had
beene
fasting
that
whole
day
,
and
now
it
grew
something
late
.
Yet
turned
not
out
of
the
way
,
left
hee
might
seeme
to
flie
,
but
holding
on
right
forth
,
by
sunne-set
he
reached
to
the
villages
with
the
Vant-guard
,
and
there
quartered
.
The
tymber
of
the
houses
of
some
of
the
villages
was
broken
downe
,
and
carried
away
by
the
Souldiers
of
the
Kings
armie
.
Therefore
they
,
that
came
first
,
lodged
themselues
reasonably
well
;
the
last
being
benighted
,
euery
one
tooke
vp
his
lodging
,
as
fell
out
;
and
calling
one
vpon
another
made
a
great
noise
;
so
that
the
Kings
army
heard
it
.
Whereby
came
to
passe
,
that
the
enemy
next
at
hand
fled
out
of
their
tents
.
This
appeared
the
next
day
For
neither
was
there
carriage-beast
,
nor
campe
,
nor
smoake
at
hand
to
be
seene
.
The
King
also
(
as
it
should
seeme
)
was
terrified
with
the
accesse
of
our
armie
,
which
he
declared
by
the
next
dayes
worke
.
Yet
in
the
processe
of
the
night
a
feare
seised
vpon
the
Grecians
themselues
,
and
the
tumult
and
hurliburley
was
such
,
as
is
wont
,
when
men
are
possessed
with
feare
.
I
(
ô
Grecians
)
haue
my
habitation
neere
Greece
,
and
seeing
the
dangers
&
misaduentures
,
which
you
are
fallen
into
,
to
be
without
issue
,
I
besought
the
King
▪
that
he
would
be
pleased
to
giue
me
some
meanes
,
whereby
,
if
possibly
I
could
,
I
might
deliuer
you
into
Greece
in
safetie
.
For
I
imagine
the
doing
hereof
would
be
acceptable
to
you
,
and
to
all
Greece
beside
.
In
this
minde
I
made
suit
to
the
King
,
alleaging
he
had
good
cause
to
be
gracious
in
my
suit
,
for
that
I
first
brought
newes
,
that
Cyrus
raised
an
Armie
against
him
,
and
withall
brought
him
aid
,
and
alone
of
all
,
that
were
ordered
in
battell
against
the
Grecia●s
,
fled
not
,
but
brake
thorow
them
,
and
ioined
with
him
in
their
Campe
whither
the
King
came
,
after
he
had
slaine
Cyrus
;
and
with
those
,
that
are
now
in
my
company
(
who
are
most
faithfull
to
the
King
)
followed
the
chace
vpon
the
Barbarians
,
that
serued
Cyrus
.
Whereupon
he
promised
mee
to
aduise
.
But
he
commanded
me
to
goe
to
you
,
and
demand
the
reason
,
why
you
tooke
vp
armes
against
him
.
I
would
counsell
you
therefore
to
make
a
milde
answer
,
that
I
may
more
easily
compasse
the
good
,
which
shall
lie
in
my
power
to
doe
for
you
.
After
this
the
Grecians
withdrew
themselues
to
consult
and
giue
answer
:
and
Clearchus
in
the
name
of
the
rest
said
:
Wee
neither
assembled
our selues
to
make
warre
,
If
on
the
other
side
any
man
shew
vs
fauour
,
we
will
not
,
to
our
power
,
be
behinde
in
kindnesse
.
Thus
much
Clearchus
;
which
Tissaphernes
hearing
,
I
will
report
these
things
to
the
King
,
and
to
you
againe
,
what
the
Kings
pleasure
is
.
Let
the
truce
continue
,
till
I
come
.
We
will
exhibite
you
a
market
.
The
next
day
he
came
not
,
so
that
the
Grecians
were
in
a
perplexitie
,
and
knew
not
,
what
to
thinke
.
The
third
day
he
came
,
and
said
,
he
had
obtained
power
of
the
King
to
preserue
the
Grecians
,
albeit
many
gainesaid
,
and
vrged
,
that
it
stood
not
with
the
Kings
honour
to
suffer
those
,
that
had
made
warre
against
him
,
to
depart
quietly
.
He
added
at
last
,
you
may
now
take
assurance
of
vs
,
if
you
will
,
to
make
the
countrey
your
friend
,
and
that
without
fraud
we
shall
lead
you
into
Greece
,
exhibiting
all
the
way
a
market
of
things
necessarie
for
you
,
and
that
where
you
haue
it
not
,
you
may
lawfully
take
prouision
of
the
countrey
,
as
you
finde
it
.
You
on
the
contrary
side
must
sweare
that
you
will
passe
thorow
the
countrey
peaceably
,
taking
onely
meat
and
drinke
where
you
haue
no
market
;
where
you
haue
,
buying
and
paying
for
such
things
,
as
you
stand
in
need
of
.
These
points
were
concluded
,
and
Tissaphernes
,
and
the
Kings
wiues
brother
gaue
their
oathes
and
right
hands
,
Why
stay
we
here
?
know
we
not
,
that
the
King
would
giue
any
thing
to
haue
vs
destroied
,
to
the
end
that
other
Grecians
may
hereafter
be
put
in
feare
of
bearing
armes
against
him
?
And
now
he
keepeth
vs
here
,
because
his
armie
is
dispersed
,
which
being
againe
assembled
,
he
will
in
all
likelihood
set
vpon
vs
.
It
may
be
also
,
hee
is
intrenching
or
raising
a
wall
somewhere
to
blocke
vp
our
way
.
For
he
would
not
willingly
haue
vs
returne
into
Greece
,
and
report
,
that
being
so
few
in
number
,
we
haue
vanquished
his
forces
,
euen
before
his
owne
gates
,
and
now
depart
homeward
in
scorne
and
derision
of
him
.
He
spoke
many
other
things
to
this
purpose
.
About
this
time
came
Tissaphernes
with
his
owne
Forces
,
making
semblance
to
march
homeward
,
and
with
him
Orontes
and
his
Forces
,
which
last
led
with
him
the
Kings
daughter
,
whom
he
had
lately
maried
.
From
thence
the
Grecians
proceeded
in
their
iourney
,
Tissaphernes
being
their
guide
,
and
exhibiting
a
market
of
all
things
needfull
.
Ariaeus
also
hauing
with
him
the
Armie
of
Barbarians
that
serued
Cyrus
,
The
Wall
of
Media
.
The
height
33.
yards
.
The
bredth
6.
yards
and
more
.
The
length
75
miles
or
thereabout
.30
Miles
,
15
mile
a
day
.
Draine●
of
Tygris
.
It
was
built
of
Bricke
mortered
with
asphalt
,
being
in
thicknesse
20
,
in
height
100
Foot
.
The
length
was
said
to
be
20
Parasangs
.
It
was
not
far
distant
from
Babylon
.
From
hence
they
marched
eight
Parasangs
in
two
encampings
,
and
passed
ouer
two
great
Draines
,
one
vpon
a
Bridge
,
the
other
vpon
Ships
ioyned
together
.
These
Draines
came
out
of
the
Riuer
Tygris
,
and
from
them
were
sewers
deriued
to
water
the
Countrey
,
being
at
the
first
greater
,
then
lesse
,
lastly
little
Draines
,
such
as
they
vse
in
Greece
when
Panick
seed
is
sowen
.
From
thence
they
came
to
the
Riuer
Tygris
,
neere
to
which
stood
a
great
Citie
well
peopled
,
named
Sitaca
,
being
distant
from
the
Riuer
15
Furlongs
.
The
Grecians
encamped
by
the
Citie
neere
a
faire
and
large
Parke
,
Sitaca
A
mile
&
three
quarters
.
wherein
grew
plentie
of
all
manner
of
Trees
.
The
Barbarians
passed
ouer
the
Riuer
,
and
were
out
of
sight
.
After
supper
Proxenus
and
Xenophon
chanced
to
walke
before
the
place
of
Armes
,
when
there
came
one
and
asked
the
out-watch
,
where
he
might
finde
Proxenus
or
Clearchus
.
Ariaeus
Menons
guest
.
When
Proxenus
told
him
,
he
was
the
man
,
whom
he
sought
;
Ariaeus
and
Artaosus
,
It
hangs
not
together
,
that
Tissaphernes
should
goe
about
to
charge
vs
,
and
to
breake
downe
the
Bridge
.
For
it
is
euident
,
that
charging
vs
he
must
either
ouercome
,
or
be
beaten
.
If
he
ouercome
,
what
need
the
Bridge
be
broken
?
For
admit
,
there
were
many
Bridges
,
yet
should
we
haue
no
where
to
saue
our selues
by
flight
.
If
he
be
beaten
,
whither
shall
his
Armie
fly
,
the
Bridge
being
broken
,
and
most
of
the
Armie
being
beyond
the
Riuer
,
how
shall
they
succour
one
another
,
but
by
the
Bridge
?
After
Clearchus
heard
this
,
he
asked
,
what
quantitie
of
Land
lay
betwixt
Tygris
and
the
Draine
?
He
answered
,
that
the
territorie
was
large
&
had
many
villages
&
great
cities
in
it
.
Here-hence
they
perceiued
,
that
the
Barbarians
sent
the
man
vnderhand
,
fearing
that
the
Grecians
would
not
passe
the
Bridge
,
but
remaine
in
the
Island
hauing
for
their
Fortification
the
Riuer
Tygris
on
the
one
side
,
and
the
Draine
on
the
other
,
taking
their
prouision
out
of
the
Countrey
,
where
it
was
both
plenteous
and
verie
good
,
in
which
also
many
Labourers
inhabited
.
Besides
the
place
would
be
fit
for
retreat
,
in
case
they
were
disposed
to
make
inroades
vpon
the
Kings
dominions
.
After
this
they
gaue
themselues
to
rest
,
and
yet
were
not
vnmindfull
to
send
a
Guard
to
the
Bridge
.
But
neither
did
any
man
assault
the
Greekish
Campe
,
nor
yet
,
as
the
Guard
brought
newes
,
did
any
of
the
enemie
come
to
the
Bridge
.
Assoone
as
it
was
day
they
passed
the
Bridge
in
as
good
order
,
as
was
possible
;
which
Bridge
was
laid
ouer
the
Riuer
vpon
37
Ships
.
I
know
well
,
Tissaphernes
,
These
were
the
words
of
Clearchus
to
Tissaphernes
.
For
seeing
you
vnderstand
these
things
to
be
so
,
you
cannot
wish
me
ill
,
without
being
an
enemy
to
your selfe
.
But
that
you
may
learne
,
you
cannot
iustly
leaue
and
forsake
the
King
,
heare
on
the
contrary
side
.
If
we
had
any
intent
,
to
ruine
you
,
whether
doe
you
thinke
,
we
wanted
meanes
,
hauing
multitudes
of
horse
,
and
foot
,
and
weapons
to
cut
you
in
peeces
,
without
any
danger
of
ours
?
Imagine
you
,
we
wanted
fit
ground
to
fall
vpon
you
?
Passe
you
not
with
much
labour
many
plaines
,
that
are
friend
to
vs
?
See
you
not
,
what
mountaines
you
are
to
march
ouer
,
which
if
we
take
before
hand
,
your
passage
is
shut
vp
?
How
many
riuers
are
there
,
where
we
may
make
choice
,
and
,
as
it
were
,
cull
out
that
number
of
you
,
with
which
we
list
to
fight
?
There
are
also
amongst
them
some
,
that
you
cannot
passe
without
our
friendship
and
assistance
.
But
say
we
had
the
worst
in
all
these
,
yet
hath
fire
the
command
of
all
fruit
,
that
ariseth
of
the
earth
.
Which
if
we
burne
,
we
shall
oppose
hunger
against
you
in
the
field
,
with
which
you
shall
neuer
be
able
to
fight
,
were
you
neuer
so
valiant
.
How
then
hauing
so
many
aduantages
,
and
all
without
our
owne
perill
,
should
we
amongst
the
rest
chuse
such
a
kinde
alone
,
as
is
impious
against
the
gods
,
abominable
before
men
,
and
such
a
one
as
befitteth
them
,
that
know
not
what
to
doe
,
and
are
circumuented
with
distresse
,
and
ouerwhelmed
with
necessitie
,
and
which
is
beseeming
loose
persons
,
who
care
not
so
they
may
effect
their
designes
,
though
it
be
with
periury
against
the
gods
,
and
with
vnfaithfulnesse
toward
men
.
Wee
,
Clearchus
,
are
not
so
void
of
sense
,
or
destitute
of
reason
.
When
we
might
haue
cut
you
off
,
why
did
we
not
?
It
proceeded
out
of
my
loue
,
that
I
might
shew
my selfe
an
entire
friend
to
the
Grecians
,
&
by
my
well
deseruing
descend
into
my
gouernment
strong
with
those
forces
,
with
which
Cyrus
ascended
,
being
assured
of
them
,
by
reason
of
the
entertainment
hee
gaue
them
.
You
haue
declared
how
many
waies
,
you
may
stead
me
.
But
I
know
my selfe
the
chiefe
and
principall
.
It
is
not
lawfull
for
any
,
but
the
King
,
to
weare
his
Tiara
vpright
vpon
his
head
;
But
with
your
presence
and
assistance
,
perhaps
another
man
may
carry
it
vpright
in
his
heart
.
Hauing
spoken
these
words
,
By
these
words
,
and
courteous
entertainment
,
Tissaphernes
preuailed
to
make
him
stay
,
and
beare
him
company
at
supper
that
night
.
The
next
day
Clearchus
,
after
his
returne
to
the
quarter
,
Baotian
,
Menon
the
Thessalian
,
Agias
the
Arcadian
,
Clearchus
the
Lacedemonean
,
and
Socrates
the
Achaean
.
The
Captaines
staid
at
the
doore
.
Not
long
after
,
at
one
and
the
same
signe
hands
were
laid
vpon
those
within
,
Ariaeus
,
Artoasus
,
and
Mithridates
,
men
of
chiefest
credit
with
Cyrus
.
The
interpreter
of
the
Grecians
said
,
He
saw
and
knew
Tissaphernes
his
brother
amongst
them
.
About
three
hundred
Persians
followed
them
in
Curaces
.
These
,
when
they
came
neere
,
willed
,
if
there
were
amongst
the
Grecians
any
Coronell
or
Captaine
,
he
should
come
forth
,
and
heare
the
Kings
pleasure
.
Thereupon
after
assurance
giuen
,
Cleanor
the
Orchomenian
,
and
Sophenetus
the
Stymphalian
,
both
Grecian
Coronels
,
issued
out
;
and
with
them
Xenophon
the
Athenian
,
to
learne
what
was
become
of
Proxenus
.
Cherisophus
chanced
then
to
be
absent
,
being
gone
to
a
certaine
village
to
make
prouision
.
Comming
within
hearing
,
Ariaeus
said
:
Clearchus
(
ô
Grecians
)
hauing
falsified
his
Oath
,
For
being
friends
to
both
,
no
doubt
they
will
aduise
you
,
and
vs
for
the
best
.
The
Barbarians
hauing
long
conferred
together
,
departed
without
giuing
answer
hereto
:
but
the
Coronels
so
caught
in
the
snare
were
deliuered
ouer
to
the
King
,
and
ended
their
daies
,
being
made
shorter
by
the
head
.
The
Island
in
Thrace
bordering
vpon
Hellespont
.
A
towne
lying
vpon
the
same
Sea
.
The
narrow
Sea
beside
Constantinople
.
Lacedemon
.
which
inhabit
aboue
Cherronesus
and
Perinthus
.
But
after
his
departure
the
Ephori
changed
their
mindes
,
and
sent
to
call
him
home
from
Istmos
;
which
message
of
theirs
he
obeied
not
,
but
continued
his
nauigation
to
Hellespont
.
Whereupon
the
Magistrats
of
Sparta
condemned
him
,
as
a
disobedient
Subiect
,
vnto
death
.
Being
now
a
banished
man
,
he
iournied
to
Cyrus
,
whose
friendship
,
after
what
sort
he
gained
,
I
haue
written
else-where
.
Cyrus
gaue
him
10000
Daricks
,
which
he
spent
not
in
idlenesse
,
but
waging
an
Army
therwith
,
made
warre
against
the
Thracians
.
And
first
he
vanquished
them
in
a
battell
,
afterward
harried
&
spoiled
their
Countrey
,
and
continued
that
warre
,
till
Cyrus
stood
in
need
of
his
Armie
.
Then
he
departed
with
intent
to
follow
the
seruice
of
Cyrus
.
These
therefore
were
the
actions
of
a
man
that
delighted
in
warre
;
who
,
when
he
might
haue
liued
in
peace
without
shame
or
dammage
,
chose
to
be
in
warre
;
might
haue
rested
in
idlenesse
,
gaue
himselfe
to
labour
,
and
warre
;
might
without
danger
haue
enioied
riches
plenteously
,
bestowed
them
rather
vpon
warre
.
Such
was
his
disposition
to
warre
,
and
he
spent
as
willingly
vpon
warre
,
as
if
it
had
been
vpon
loue
,
or
other
pleasures
.
It
appeared
also
,
that
he
was
of
a
warlike
inclination
,
because
he
loued
danger
,
and
led
his
people
as
well
by
night
,
as
by
day
against
the
enemie
;
and
demeaned
himselfe
wisely
and
circumspectly
,
Finis
Libri
Secundi
.
THE
THIRD
BOOKE
OF
THE
HISTORIE
OF
XENOPHON
,
TOVCHING
THE
Ascent
of
CYRVS
the
younger
,
out
of
Asia
the
Lesse
,
into
the
Higher
COVNTREYS
.
WHat
was
done
by
the
Grecians
in
their
Ascent
with
Cyrus
,
vntill
the
battell
fought
,
and
what
befell
them
after
the
death
of
Cyrus
returning
homeward
in
the
companie
of
Tissaphernes
according
to
the
truce
,
is
declared
in
the
former
discourse
.
After
the
Coronels
were
apprehended
,
and
as
many
of
the
Captaines
and
Souldiers
,
as
followed
them
,
slaine
,
the
Grecians
were
forced
into
great
streights
and
perpiexitie
,
especially
when
they
considered
,
that
they
were
at
the
Kings
Gates
,
and
round
about
them
both
Nations
and
Cities
enemie
,
and
from
thenceforward
no
man
would
store
them
with
prouision
,
and
that
their
distance
from
Greece
was
more
than
10000
Furlongs
,
Cyrus
.
Proxenus
earnestly
requested
him
to
stay
;
and
Cyrus
did
the
like
;
but
added
,
that
as
soone
as
the
Armie
was
dissolued
,
he
would
immediately
giue
him
leaue
to
depart
.
The
iourney
was
noised
abroad
to
be
against
the
Pisidians
.
Xenophon
therefore
followed
the
warre
being
thus
deceiued
not
by
Proxenus
(
for
neither
he
,
nor
any
other
of
the
Grecians
,
except
Clearchus
,
knew
of
Cyrus
his
intent
against
the
King
)
but
when
the
Armie
came
into
Cilicia
,
there
was
no
man
so
simple
,
but
he
easily
perceiued
,
that
they
were
led
against
the
King
.
And
albeit
they
feared
the
length
of
the
way
,
and
were
vnwilling
to
proceed
further
,
yet
the
most
part
in
regard
of
mutuall
respect
one
to
another
,
and
of
the
loue
they
bore
to
Cyrus
,
continued
on
the
iourney
:
amongst
whom
Xenophon
was
one
.
Worthy
Captaines
,
the
consideration
of
our
estate
will
neither
●uffer
me
to
sleep
(
which
I
thinke
is
you●
case
as
well
as
mine
)
nor
yet
to
lie
still
and
giue
my selfe
to
rest
.
Our
enemies
,
vntill
they
imagined
they
had
brought
their
designes
to
a
wished
end
,
forbore
to
offer
open
hostilitie
.
Of
vs
on
the
other
side
there
is
no
man
that
casteth
in
his
minde
,
how
we
may
best
come
to
fight
,
and
defend
our selues
against
the
enemie
.
For
if
we
yeeld
and
subiect
our selues
vnto
the
Kings
power
,
what
hazard
shall
we
not
incur
?
He
cut
off
the
head
and
hand
of
Cyrus
,
and
fastened
them
to
the
Gallowes
,
who
was
his
Brother
both
by
the
same
Father
and
Mother
,
and
alreadie
dead
.
We
then
,
who
haue
here
no
kinred
,
who
tooke
vp
armes
against
him
,
who
sought
to
establish
his
seruant
in
his
Throne
,
and
to
make
away
the
King
himselfe
,
if
it
lay
in
our
power
,
we
I
say
,
what
may
not
we
expect
to
suffer
?
Will
he
not
vse
all
meanes
possible
to
lay
vpon
vs
extremitie
of
punishment
,
thereby
to
strike
a
feare
into
other
,
that
they
presume
not
to
warre
against
him
?
Surely
we
are
to
trie
our
vttermost
endeuours
,
that
we
fall
not
into
his
hands
.
For
my
part
I
ceased
not
,
euen
while
the
truce
endured
,
to
bemoane
our
case
,
and
to
esteeme
the
King
,
and
such
as
followed
him
happie
,
seeing
with
mine
eyes
,
how
large
and
goodly
a
countrey
they
enioyed
,
what
plentie
of
prouision
,
what
a
number
of
attendants
,
how
many
carriage-beasts
,
what
quantitie
of
gold
,
and
of
apparell
they
possessed
;
and
on
the
contrary
side
,
comparing
the
condition
of
our
army
,
that
enioyed
nothing
of
value
,
but
what
was
bought
with
mony
(
which
I
knew
but
few
had
)
&
was
debarred
of
other
means
of
prouision
,
by
reason
of
their
oath
and
agreement
.
Casting
,
I
say
,
these
things
in
my
minde
,
I
feared
then
the
truce
more
,
than
I
doe
now
the
warre
.
And
considering
the
enemy
himselfe
hath
broken
the
truce
,
I
thinke
,
that
both
their
insolencie
and
our
suspitions
are
come
to
an
end
.
For
now
all
the
aduantages
,
whereof
I
spake
,
are
laid
in
the
middest
,
as
it
were
,
betwixt
vs
both
,
as
rewards
for
those
,
that
shall
behaue
themselues
most
valiantly
.
The
gods
are
Iudges
,
and
giue
successe
to
battells
,
who
in
all
reason
will
be
on
our
side
.
Our
enemies
in
forswearing
themselues
,
haue
broken
their
faith
vnto
them
:
We
contrariwise
,
hauing
many
faire
aduantages
offered
vs
,
constantly
forbore
to
take
them
for
our
oathes
sake
made
to
the
gods
.
So
that
,
me
thinkes
,
we
ought
to
goe
forth
to
battell
with
much
more
courage
and
assurance
,
than
they
.
Further
,
our
bodies
are
more
able
to
endure
cold
,
and
heat
,
and
labours
,
than
theirs
,
and
,
by
the
fauour
of
the
gods
,
our
mindes
more
noble
.
Besides
,
they
will
be
more
subiect
to
wounds
,
and
death
,
than
we
,
in
case
the
gods
(
as
they
haue
done
heretofore
)
vouchsafe
to
giue
vs
victory
.
But
it
may
be
,
that
other
men
harbour
these
cogitations
,
as
well
as
we
.
For
the
loue
of
God
let
vs
not
expect
,
that
other
come
and
encourage
vs
to
be
braue
and
resolute
,
but
let
vs
begin
to
excite
other
to
valiance
.
Shew
your selues
gallantest
amongst
Captaines
and
most
fit
to
command
amongst
Coronels
.
My selfe
,
if
you
shall
be
pleased
to
leade
me
,
will
follow
;
if
you
appoint
me
a
leader
,
will
not
excuse
my selfe
by
want
of
yeares
,
but
rather
conceiue
that
youth
may
strengthen
and
preserue
me
from
many
mischances
.
Boeotian
idiome
.
He
said
,
they
spake
idlely
,
that
sought
to
perswade
,
that
there
was
any
other
hope
of
safetie
,
than
in
the
Kings
fauour
,
if
it
might
be
gained
,
and
withall
began
to
reckon
vp
the
distresses
,
we
were
in
.
Xenophon
in
the
meane
time
interrupting
him
replied
:
O
strange
man
,
that
you
are
,
who
neither
seeing
know
,
nor
hearing
remember
.
You
were
present
,
when
the
King
,
proud
of
his
victory
,
after
the
death
of
Cyrus
sent
vnto
vs
,
commanding
to
deliuer
vp
our
armes
.
When
we
refused
,
and
marched
forward
in
armes
,
and
encamped
close
by
him
,
what
did
he
not
to
procure
truce
,
sending
Ambassadours
,
and
demanding
cessation
of
hostilitie
,
and
offering
to
furnish
the
army
with
prouision
.
But
after
the
Coronels
and
Captaines
(
as
you
now
would
haue
vs
)
in
confidence
of
the
truce
,
went
without
armes
to
conferre
with
them
;
are
they
not
now
scourged
,
wounded
,
and
scorned
,
and
yet
cannot
die
poore
men
,
albeit
,
I
perswade
my selfe
,
they
infinitely
desire
it
?
All
this
you
see
,
and
say
notwithstanding
,
they
speake
idlely
,
that
aduise
to
stand
vpon
our
defence
;
and
would
haue
vs
to
sue
to
the
King
anew
to
obtaine
his
fauour
.
For
my
part
(
Companions
)
I
hold
this
fellow
not
only
vnfit
henceforward
to
be
admitted
into
our
societie
,
but
also
worthy
to
lose
his
Captaines
place
,
and
no
otherwise
to
be
employed
,
than
as
a
carriage-beast
;
because
in
bearing
this
base
minde
,
he
both
shames
his
countrey
,
and
besides
disparages
the
whole
Grecian
nation
.
Hereupon
Agasias
the
Stymphalian
replied
:
This
fellow
hath
nothing
in
him
at
all
,
that
sauours
of
Boeotia
,
or
Greece
.
For
I
haue
seene
both
his
eares
,
which
are
boared
thorow
,
like
as
are
the
Lydian
slaues
.
And
indeed
they
were
so
.
We
(
worthy
Coronels
and
Captaines
)
seeing
the
desperate
estate
of
our
present
affaires
,
haue
thought
good
,
both
to
meet
here
our selues
,
and
to
call
you
together
,
to
the
end
to
aduise
vpon
some
good
course
of
proceeding
.
Xenophon
,
quoth
he
,
I
pray
relate
to
the
assembly
the
things
,
which
you
deliuered
vnto
vs
.
We
all
know
,
that
the
King
,
and
Tissaphernes
haue
laied
hands
vpon
as
many
of
vs
,
as
they
could
,
and
that
they
lie
in
wait
for
the
rest
to
cut
them
off
.
Therefore
mine
opinion
is
,
that
we
leaue
nothing
vndone
to
auoid
the
snares
of
the
Barbarians
,
nay
rather
to
become
their
masters
,
if
it
be
possible
.
And
you
cannot
be
ignorant
likewise
,
that
being
so
many
,
as
you
are
here
assembled
,
your
demeanour
will
bring
forth
effects
of
great
consequence
.
The
eies
of
the
whole
army
are
cast
vpon
you
.
If
they
perceiue
,
that
you
faint
in
courage
,
you
must
expect
the
like
from
them
.
But
if
you
appeare
resolute
against
the
enemy
,
and
stirre
vp
the
rest
,
and
hearten
them
,
you
know
well
,
they
will
follow
,
and
endeuour
to
imitate
your
example
.
And
doubtlesse
it
is
reason
,
you
should
carrie
brauer
mindes
than
they
;
you
are
their
Coronels
,
Taxiarchs
are
the
Captaines
of
the
light
armed
.
Lochagi
the
Captaines
of
the
armedfoot
.
you
their
Taxiarchs
,
and
Captaines
.
In
time
of
peace
,
you
enioy
more
wealth
and
honour
,
than
they
;
and
now
in
time
of
warre
it
behoueth
you
to
surmount
the
multitude
,
and
as
need
shall
require
,
to
goe
before
them
in
counsell
,
and
paines
taking
.
For
the
present
,
first
I
thinke
,
you
will
much
aduantage
the
Army
,
in
making
choice
of
new
Coronels
and
Captaines
in
stead
of
them
,
that
are
lost
.
For
without
rulers
nothing
that
is
good
or
profitable
can
be
administred
(
in
a
word
)
any
where
,
but
especially
in
matters
of
warre
.
For
as
good
order
seemeth
to
preserue
,
so
disorder
hath
ouerthrowne
and
vndone
many
.
After
you
haue
appointed
so
many
Commanders
,
as
are
needfull
,
if
then
you
call
the
Souldiers
together
,
and
confirme
their
mindes
,
you
shall
not
doe
it
out
of
season
,
as
J
thinke
.
Now
you
perceiue
as
well
,
as
I
,
how
heauily
,
and
drowsily
they
goe
to
Armes
,
how
drowsily
to
the
Watch
;
In
which
case
,
as
long
,
as
they
remaine
,
I
know
not
,
what
vse
may
be
had
of
them
night
or
day
.
But
if
a
man
stirre
vp
their
mindes
,
and
represent
,
not
only
what
they
are
to
suffer
,
but
to
doe
also
,
it
will
greatly
enhance
their
courage
.
For
you
know
,
that
it
is
neither
multitude
,
nor
strength
,
that
giueth
victory
in
warre
,
but
which
side
soeuer
goe
(
by
the
fauour
of
the
gods
)
into
the
field
with
brauer
and
gallanter
resolutions
,
they
for
the
most
part
preuaile
.
It
commeth
besides
into
my
minde
,
that
whatsoeuer
he
be
,
that
seeketh
by
all
meanes
he
can
to
saue
his
life
in
warres
,
he
commonly
dies
a
vile
and
dishonourable
death
.
But
they
which
know
,
that
death
is
common
and
vnavoidable
to
all
men
,
and
that
striue
to
die
with
honour
,
I
see
them
much
sooner
reach
to
old
yeares
,
and
spend
the
remainder
of
their
life
in
happinesse
.
Which
we
should
doe
well
to
consider
,
especially
in
this
hard
time
,
and
both
our selues
be
couragious
,
and
also
excite
other
to
valour
,
and
forwardnesse
.
So
much
he
spake
,
and
held
his
peace
.
After
him
Cherisophus
spake
and
said
:
(
Xenophon
)
thus
farre
,
that
you
were
reported
to
be
an
Athenian
.
Now
I
commend
both
your
speech
and
actions
,
and
could
wish
,
we
had
many
such
,
as
you
are
.
It
would
be
a
common
good
to
all
.
It
remaineth
,
that
we
slug
not
at
this
instant
,
but
depart
euery
man
to
his
quarter
;
and
you
that
want
,
choose
your
Commanders
.
When
they
are
chosen
,
come
and
bring
them
into
the
middest
of
the
campe
,
and
present
them
vnto
vs
.
Then
will
we
assemble
the
rest
of
the
Souldiers
.
And
let
Tolmides
the
Crier
come
likewise
vnto
vs
.
Hauing
thus
said
,
he
arose
,
because
he
would
not
hinder
the
dispatch
of
things
needfull
to
be
do●e
.
Then
were
the
Coronels
chosen
:
Socrates
,
Xanticles
the
Achaean
;
Cleanor
the
Orchomenian
,
for
Agias
the
Arcadian
;
Philesius
the
Achaean
for
Menon
;
and
for
Proxenus
,
My
companions
in
Armes
,
we
are
fallen
into
great
straights
,
being
bereaued
of
such
Coronels
,
Then
Xenophon
stood
vp
,
hauing
apparelled
himselfe
as
brauely
,
as
he
could
,
for
the
warre
;
conceiuing
,
if
God
gaue
victorie
,
that
the
fairest
furniture
was
most
befitting
victorie
;
if
he
should
be
slaine
,
it
would
not
be
amisse
to
end
his
daies
in
his
best
ornaments
.
He
spake
in
this
manner
:
Cleanor
hath
discouered
vnto
you
the
periurie
and
faithlesnesse
of
the
Barbarians
,
Herodotus
lib.
6.
But
Iustin
reporteth
that
there
were
slaine
200000.
Herodotus
lib.
7.
it
behooueth
you
by
their
example
to
be
valiant
,
and
that
valiant
men
are
by
the
gods
preserued
from
all
dangers
and
distresse
.
For
when
the
Persians
and
their
alies
came
with
a
mightie
Armie
to
destroy
Athens
,
the
Athenians
being
not
afraid
to
meet
them
,
fought
with
them
and
had
the
victorie
.
And
making
a
vow
to
Diana
,
to
offer
vnto
her
so
many
Goats
,
as
they
killed
enemies
,
when
there
were
not
so
many
to
be
found
,
they
made
a
Decree
to
offer
yeerely
500
,
which
number
they
offer
also
at
this
present
.
Afterward
when
Xerxes
,
raising
an
Host
without
number
,
came
against
Greece
,
euen
then
also
our
Ancestors
ouercame
their
Ancestors
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
whereof
the
Trophees
erected
are
tokens
.
But
the
greatest
testimonie
is
the
freedome
of
the
Cities
,
in
which
you
were
borne
and
bred
.
For
you
worship
no
man
as
Lord
,
but
the
gods
alone
,
of
such
Ancestors
are
you
descended
.
I
speake
not
this
,
as
though
you
degenerated
from
them
.
For
many
daies
are
not
past
,
since
ordering
your selues
in
battell
in
the
Field
against
these
their
posteritie
,
by
the
fauour
of
the
gods
you
ouercame
them
being
many
more
in
number
than
your selues
.
And
at
that
time
you
shewed
your selues
valiant
to
the
end
to
make
Cyrus
King
.
Now
when
the
fight
is
for
your
owne
safetie
,
Diod.
Sicul.
l.
1.21
.
and
the
Lexicon
,
in
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
:
for
the
tree
and
fruit
see
Pliny
,
l.
13.
c.
17.
pag.
234.
and
many
hostages
for
assurance
of
their
departure
,
and
would
open
them
a
way
,
yea
,
if
need
were
,
send
them
away
in
Chariots
.
The
like
I
assure
my selfe
,
he
would
doe
to
vs
most
willingly
,
if
he
perceiued
,
we
prepared
our selues
to
seat
here
.
But
I
feare
,
in
case
we
once
learne
to
liue
idlely
,
and
in
plentie
of
all
things
,
and
grow
into
acquaintance
with
the
faire
and
tall
wiues
and
virgins
of
the
Medes
and
Persians
,
left
after
the
manner
of
the
Lotophages
,
we
forget
the
way
homeward
to
our
owne
countrey
.
A
square
hollow
battell
fit
for
a
march
when
it
is
feared
,
the
enemy
will
charge
round
about
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Commanders
of
the
Front
,
flanks
&
reare
.
if
the
enemy
do
the
like
pursuing
our
Reare
.
But
then
I
hold
that
our
march
will
be
the
safer
,
if
we
cast
our selues
into
a
Plesium
,
that
the
baggage
&
loose
multitude
may
be
conueied
in
more
securitie
.
If
now
therefore
it
be
agreed
vpon
,
who
shall
leade
the
Plesium
and
order
the
Front
,
who
the
Flankes
,
who
the
Reare
,
we
shall
not
be
driuen
to
consult
,
when
the
enemie
approcheth
,
but
only
execute
that
,
which
is
concluded
.
If
any
man
can
aduise
vs
better
,
let
vs
giue
eare
to
him
;
if
not
,
let
Cherisophus
haue
the
leading
,
because
he
is
a
Lacedemonian
,
two
of
the
eldest
Coronels
command
the
Flankes
,
I
and
Timasion
,
as
the
youngest
,
be
in
the
Reare
.
And
from
hence
forward
,
after
we
haue
made
triall
of
this
forme
,
we
will
vpon
all
occasions
take
counsell
,
what
is
best
to
be
done
.
If
any
man
can
direct
vs
better
,
he
hath
libertie
to
speake
.
When
no
man
spake
against
the
motion
,
he
said
:
They
that
allow
of
that
,
which
is
propounded
,
hold
vp
their
hands
.
So
it
was
decreed
.
Now
,
quoth
he
,
you
are
to
depart
,
and
put
the
decree
in
execution
.
And
whosoeuer
he
be
amongst
you
,
that
desireth
to
see
his
kinsmen
and
friends
,
let
him
remember
to
shew
himselfe
a
man
of
valour
.
For
otherwise
there
is
no
hope
thereof
:
and
he
,
that
desireth
life
,
let
him
endeuour
to
ouercome
.
The
Conquerors
haue
power
to
slay
,
the
conquered
are
to
expect
nought
else
,
but
death
.
And
if
he
couet
riches
,
victorie
must
be
the
meanes
to
obtaine
them
.
They
that
are
Masters
of
the
Field
,
are
Masters
of
their
owne
,
and
of
their
fortunes
also
,
whom
they
subdue
.
Assoone
,
as
these
things
were
spoken
,
all
arose
and
departing
,
set
fire
on
the
Carts
,
and
Tents
,
and
on
the
things
,
that
might
wel
be
spared
.
Some
they
parted
with
their
friends
,
the
rest
they
burned
;
and
so
went
to
break-fast
.
Whilest
they
were
at
break-fast
,
came
Mithridates
with
about
thirtie
Horses
,
and
called
out
the
Coronels
to
parley
.
He
spake
thus
:
I
,
ô
Grecians
,
was
(
as
you
know
)
faithfull
vnto
Cyrus
,
as
long
as
he
liued
,
and
now
am
a
well-willer
of
yours
,
and
therefore
cannot
,
but
remaine
in
great
perplexitie
.
If
then
I
could
see
,
you
tooke
any
safe
course
,
I
would
come
vnto
you
my selfe
,
and
bring
my
followers
with
me
.
Tell
me
then
,
I
pray
,
what
your
purpose
is
,
as
to
one
,
that
is
your
friend
,
and
wisheth
you
well
,
and
resolued
to
proceed
with
you
in
the
same
iourney
.
The
Coronels
consulting
together
resolued
vpon
this
answer
,
and
Cherisophus
deliuered
it
:
Our
purpose
is
,
if
we
be
not
impeached
,
to
returne
home
,
and
to
passe
thorow
your
Country
endammaging
it
as
little
as
may
be
:
and
if
any
man
hinder
vs
,
to
open
the
way
with
our
Swords
.
Mithridates
sought
to
perswade
,
that
without
the
Kings
will
and
pleasure
,
An
errour
of
Xenophon
.
Aduantage
of
missiue
weapons
.
thought
good
to
aduance
and
follow
the
enemy
;
and
thereupon
fell
out
with
the
armed
and
targetiers
of
the
reare
;
but
could
not
lay
hand
vpon
any
of
them
.
For
the
Grecians
had
no
horsemen
,
and
their
foot
in
so
short
a
race
could
not
ouertake
the
foot
of
the
enemy
,
(
which
had
the
start
so
farre
before
)
and
it
was
not
safe
to
giue
chase
farre
from
the
body
of
the
Phalange
.
Besides
,
the
barbarian
horsmen
,
as
they
fled
,
shot
backward
from
their
horse
,
and
wounded
many
that
gaue
chase
.
And
as
farre
as
the
Grecians
aduanced
,
so
farre
must
they
afterward
retire
,
still
maintaining
the
fight
;
so
that
the
whole
day
they
marched
not
aboue
25
furlongs
,
and
yet
by
Sunne-set
they
came
to
the
villages
.
There
againe
were
they
much
discomforted
,
and
Cherisopus
and
the
eldest
Coronels
blamed
Xenophon
,
in
that
he
pursued
the
enemie
so
farre
from
the
Phalange
,
and
put
himselfe
in
danger
,
and
yet
no
whit
endangered
the
enemy
.
Xenophon
hearing
it
,
said
,
that
they
reprehended
him
not
without
cause
,
and
that
the
action
it selfe
testified
with
them
.
But
I
was
forced
,
quoth
he
,
to
doe
,
as
I
did
.
For
I
saw
,
that
standing
still
we
were
sore
distressed
,
and
not
able
reciprocally
to
offend
the
enemy
.
And
when
we
fell
out
,
it
was
,
as
you
say
.
For
giuing
chase
we
little
hurt
them
,
and
yet
retired
with
great
difficultie
.
The
gods
be
thanked
therefore
,
that
I
went
not
out
with
many
,
but
with
a
few
.
So
that
I
did
no
great
harme
,
and
yet
haue
found
out
that
,
which
we
stand
in
need
of
.
For
now
we
see
by
triall
,
that
the
enemy
shoots
and
slingeth
further
,
than
either
the
Cretans
,
or
our
Darters
can
reach
;
and
when
wee
fall
out
after
them
,
These
things
were
decreed
,
and
the
same
night
200
slingers
,
and
the
next
day
50
horsemen
were
furnished
out
,
Larissa
a
Citie
.
Bredth
8
yards
one
25.
part
.
Height
33
yards
,
one
100
part
.
Circumference
,
miles
seuen
,
&
a
half
.
6
yards
2
foot
.
200
yards
.
400
yards
.
and
a
hundred
foot
high
:
and
the
circuit
of
all
two
Parasangs
.
It
was
builded
of
bricke
,
and
the
foundation
of
stone
laid
beneath
the
wall
,
was
20
foot
deepe
.
The
King
of
Persia
(
when
the
Persians
gained
the
Empire
)
besieging
,
and
assaulting
it
,
could
not
winne
it
by
any
meanes
.
But
the
Sunne
hiding
his
head
in
a
cloud
appeared
not
,
till
the
inhabitants
forsooke
it
,
and
so
it
was
taken
.
Neere
to
the
Citie
there
is
a
Stone-Pyramis
,
the
bredth
whereof
is
600
foot
,
the
height
1200
,
into
which
many
Barbarians
conueighed
themselues
out
of
the
neighbour-villages
.
From
hence
in
one
encamping
they
marched
six
Parasangs
,
Scythian
manner
to
shoot
,
and
no
man
missed
his
marke
(
for
he
could
not
,
though
he
would
,
in
such
a
multitude
)
both
Tissaphernes
quickly
retired
out
of
danger
,
and
his
troopes
likewise
.
The
rest
of
the
day
the
Grecians
marched
on
,
and
the
Persians
followed
;
but
yet
forbore
to
skirmish
any
more
.
For
the
Rhodians
slinged
further
,
than
the
Persians
could
sling
,
and
further
than
most
of
their
archers
shot
.
The
Persian
bowes
are
great
,
so
that
the
arrowes
,
that
were
gathered
vp
,
serued
the
Cretans
to
good
purpose
;
For
they
vsed
them
much
,
and
endeuoured
by
raising
their
compasse
to
send
them
a
great
distance
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
It
is
to
be
vnderstood
that
these
new
Companies
were
led
euery
one
in
file
,
and
being
ioyned
together
they
made
sixe
files
.
If
then
the
breach
in
the
Plaesium
were
small
,
they
inserted
the
sixe
files
rank-wile
to
make
it
vp
,
if
wider
,
they
doubled
againe
the
rankes
of
the
Companies
and
so
filled
it
with
halfe
files
:
if
very
wide
,
they
doubled
the
halfe
files
and
filled
it
vp
with
Enomoties
.
The
remedy
for
light
armed
against
forcing
of
the
enemy
.
The
heauie
armed
vnfit
for
quicke
and
ni●ble
seruice
.
The
higher
ground
com●andeth
the
lower
.
Care
of
the
wounded
.
When
the
sides
of
the
square
battell
opened
too
wide
,
they
filled
the
middest
,
if
the
space
were
narrow
,
by
Companies
,
if
a
little
wider
by
fifties
,
if
very
wide
by
Enomoties
.
So
that
the
middest
was
alway
shut
vp
and
full
.
If
a
bridge
or
other
straight
were
to
be
passed
,
there
was
no
disorder
,
because
the
Captaines
euery
one
led
ouer
his
Company
apart
,
and
when
a
Phalange
was
needfull
,
sleeued
vp
one
by
another
.
In
this
manner
they
marched
foure
encampings
:
the
fifth
brought
them
to
the
sight
of
a
Palace
,
and
of
many
villages
about
it
.
The
way
leading
to
it
was
ouer
high
hills
,
which
began
from
a
mountaine
,
vnder
which
a
village
was
situate
.
The
Grecians
were
glad
to
see
the
hills
,
as
was
reason
,
the
most
part
of
the
enemies
forces
being
Hors-men
.
But
when
marching
out
of
the
Champeigne
they
had
gained
the
first
hill
,
and
descending
from
thence
raised
their
battell
vp
against
the
second
,
the
Barbarians
were
forth
with
at
hand
,
and
cast
weapons
at
them
downe
from
the
higher
ground
,
being
compelled
with
stripes
to
sling
,
and
shoot
;
and
they
wounded
many
,
and
had
the
better
of
the
Grecian
light
armed
,
and
shut
them
vp
within
the
battell
of
the
armed
:
so
that
this
whole
day
the
Slingers
,
and
Archers
did
little
or
rather
no
seruice
,
being
glad
to
hide
themselues
amongst
the
vnarmed
multitude
.
And
when
the
Grecian
armed
,
being
hardly
laid
vnto
,
sought
to
fall
out
,
they
had
much
adoe
to
climbe
the
hill
in
their
armour
,
whereas
the
enemy
retired
with
ease
.
Againe
,
when
they
retired
to
the
rest
of
the
armed
,
their
danger
was
as
great
.
Whereupon
the
Coronels
thought
good
not
to
moue
the
army
from
the
third
hill
.
Notwithstanding
they
led
certaine
Targetiers
from
the
right
flanke
of
the
square
battell
toward
the
mountaine
.
After
these
had
gotten
aboue
the
heads
of
the
enemy
,
the
enemy
forbore
to
presse
vpon
such
,
as
descended
,
fearing
to
be
cut
off
by
our
Souldiers
,
that
enclosed
them
on
both
sides
.
Thus
marched
the
Grecians
,
the
rest
of
the
day
,
some
by
the
way
vpon
the
hills
,
other
some
right
ouer
against
them
on
the
side
of
the
mountaine
,
till
they
came
to
the
villages
:
where
they
appointed
eight
Physicians
,
because
many
of
the
Souldiers
were
hurt
.
Here
they
staied
three
daies
,
both
to
fauour
the
wounded
,
and
also
for
that
much
victuall
was
found
,
meale
,
wine
,
and
barley
,
which
last
was
laid
vp
for
horses
in
abundance
.
All
these
things
were
stored
and
laid
vp
for
the
ruler
of
the
Prouince
.
The
fourth
day
they
descended
into
the
Champeigne
;
where
when
Tissaphernes
had
ouertaken
them
with
his
forces
,
7
Miles
and
a
halfe
.
The
manner
of
the
Persian
encamping
.
neuer
encampe
lesse
than
sixtie
furlongs
from
the
Grecians
.
Their
manner
of
encamping
is
dangerous
also
in
the
night
.
Their
Horse
are
tied
,
and
for
the
most
part
fettered
,
left
being
loose
they
might
happen
to
run
away
.
And
if
any
tumult
arise
,
a
Persian
must
saddle
,
and
bridle
,
and
put
on
his
Curace
,
and
so
get
vpon
his
Horse
.
All
which
are
hard
to
be
done
in
the
night
,
especially
in
a
tumult
.
When
the
Grecians
perceiued
,
that
the
enemy
purposed
to
depart
,
and
had
giuen
open
notice
thereof
,
they
proclaimed
in
the
hearing
of
the
enemy
,
that
the
army
should
make
readie
to
march
.
The
Barbarians
hereupon
staid
awhile
;
but
the
night
beginning
to
draw
on
,
they
went
their
waies
.
For
they
hold
it
not
expedient
to
march
,
and
come
to
their
quarter
by
night
.
After
the
Grecians
saw
plainly
,
that
they
were
departed
,
they
also
trussing
vp
their
baggage
,
began
to
march
,
and
iourneied
sixtie
furlongs
;
7
Mile
and
a
halfe
.
The
Grecians
march
by
night
.
and
the
space
between
the
armies
was
so
great
,
that
neither
the
next
,
nor
the
third
day
the
enemy
could
come
vp
to
vs
.
The
fourth
day
the
Barbarians
aduancing
forward
by
night
,
seised
vpon
a
high
place
,
by
which
the
Grecians
must
passe
of
necessitie
;
namely
,
vpon
a
mountaine
,
vnder
which
the
way
lay
,
which
led
into
Champeigne
.
Now
Companions
you
striue
for
Greece
,
now
for
your
wiues
and
children
,
now
taking
a
little
paines
,
we
shall
cleere
the
rest
of
our
iourney
from
fight
.
Soteridas
the
Sicyonian
answered
:
You
and
I
,
Xenophon
,
stand
not
vpon
like
termes
of
marching
.
You
ride
,
I
am
on
foot
,
&
by
reason
of
the
weight
of
this
Target
,
haue
much
adoe
to
get
vp
the
Hill
.
Xenophon
hearing
this
,
alighted
from
his
Horse
,
and
taking
from
him
his
Target
,
thrust
him
out
of
his
Ranke
,
and
marched
on
with
all
speed
possible
.
He
had
on
at
that
time
a
hors-mans
Curasse
,
w●erwith
he
was
heauily
laden
,
yet
proceeding
,
he
exhorted
the
formost
to
mend
their
pace
,
and
those
in
the
Reare
(
who
had
much
adoe
to
march
)
to
hasten
after
.
The
other
Souldiers
beat
and
threw
at
,
&
reuiled
Soteridas
,
till
they
compelled
him
to
take
his
Target
againe
,
and
to
march
on
.
Xenophon
mounting
againe
to
Horse
,
rid
as
farre
,
as
the
ground
would
giue
him
leaue
.
When
it
began
to
be
rough
,
and
not
passable
for
a
Horse
,
he
hasted
forward
on
foot
.
By
this
time
they
had
gained
the
top
,
Finis
Libri
Tertij
.
THE
FOVRTH
BOOKE
OF
THE
HISTORIE
OF
XENOPHON
,
TOVCHING
THE
Ascent
of
CYRVS
the
younger
,
out
of
Asia
the
Lesse
,
into
the
Higher
COVNTREYS
.
WHat
happened
in
the
Ascent
of
Cyrus
till
the
battell
,
and
what
after
the
battell
in
the
truce
,
which
the
King
and
the
Grecians
(
that
ascended
with
Cyrus
)
had
concluded
:
and
after
that
the
King
and
Tissaphernes
had
broken
the
truce
,
what
warre
was
made
vpon
the
Grecians
,
an
Armie
of
Persians
still
pursuing
them
,
is
alreadie
discoursed
.
Now
when
they
had
proceeded
thus
farre
,
and
found
,
that
the
Riuer
Tygris
was
vnpassable
by
reason
of
his
depth
and
greatnesse
,
and
that
there
was
no
other
way
to
follow
,
Stymphaly
.
Callimachus
a
Parrhasian
Arcadian
,
Cephisodorus
,
Amphicrates
,
and
as
many
other
,
as
leaped
not
from
the
Rocke
,
and
saued
themselues
amongst
the
rest
of
the
Reare
,
were
slaine
.
The
Barbarians
hauing
wrought
this
feat
,
conueied
themselues
toward
the
Hill
opposite
against
the
top
,
where
Xenophon
was
;
and
he
by
an
Interpreter
treated
with
them
about
truce
,
and
about
recouering
the
dead
bodies
out
of
their
hands
.
They
answered
,
The
Grecians
caref●ll
of
the
bu●i●ll
of
their
dead
.
Honour
of
buriall
.
plaistered
with
morter
.
Afterward
Xenophon
and
Cherisophus
so
wrought
with
the
Barbarians
,
that
they
recouered
the
bodies
of
the
dead
in
exchange
for
the
Guide
,
whom
they
deliuered
vp
;
and
they
buried
them
with
as
great
honour
,
as
was
possible
to
be
giuen
to
worthy
and
valiant
Souldiers
.
The
next
day
we
marched
on
without
a
Guide
.
The
enemie
fighting
with
vs
,
and
taking
the
straights
,
which
lay
in
our
way
,
endeuoured
to
hinder
and
shut
vp
our
march
.
But
when
they
opposed
against
the
Vant
,
The
Carduchans
good
archers
.
Their
bowes
and
arrowes
length
.
The
force
of
their
●●ot
.
and
Slings
.
They
were
excellent
Archers
,
and
had
Bowes
well
nigh
three
Cubits
,
Arrowes
more
than
two
Cubits
long
.
When
they
shot
,
they
drew
the
string
applying
their
hand
somewhat
toward
the
nether
end
of
the
Bowe
,
and
●etting
their
left
foot
forward
.
With
their
Arrowes
they
pierced
both
Curaces
and
Targets
.
The
Grecians
putting
thongues
to
the
middest
of
them
,
sent
them
backe
againe
at
the
enemies
in
stead
of
Darts
.
The
Cretans
were
verie
vse-full
in
these
places
;
Stratocles
the
Cretan
was
their
Commander
.
They
quartered
that
day
in
the
Villages
,
Armenians
,
Mygdonians
,
and
Chaldeans
Mercenaries
to
Orontes
,
and
Artuchus
.
The
Chaldeans
were
said
to
be
a
free
Nation
and
warlike
.
When
they
ordered
then
companies
into
E●o●oties
,
this
was
the
manner
,
they
doubled
the
front
to
the
left
hand
,
euerie
Enom●tarch
leading
vp
his
Enomot●e
,
&
ioining
to
the
other
in
front
;
so
that
the
battell
was
25
deepe
,
and
the
Enomotarchs
stood
all
in
front
.
Light
armed
in
the
riuer
to
fauou●
the
passage
of
the
followers
.
the
bringers
vp
be
behinde
next
to
the
riuer
;
The
Carduchans
,
when
they
saw
the
Reare
left
by
the
vnarmed
multitude
,
and
making
shew
but
of
few
,
singing
certaine
songs
after
their
countrey
manner
,
fell
on
,
and
charged
.
In
the
meane
time
Cherisophus
,
hauing
set
his
owne
affaires
in
safetie
,
sent
the
Peltasts
,
and
Slingers
,
and
Archers
ouer
to
Xenophon
,
willing
them
to
doe
,
what
he
commanded
.
When
Xenophon
perceiued
,
they
passed
the
riuer
,
hee
dispatched
a
message
to
stay
them
,
where
they
were
,
till
they
saw
him
and
his
troopes
enter
into
the
water
,
and
then
to
meet
him
on
both
sides
,
and
make
as
though
they
purposed
to
returne
ouer
againe
,
the
Darters
with
their
fingers
in
the
thongs
of
their
darts
,
the
Archers
with
their
arrowes
nocked
;
yet
should
they
not
come
much
further
,
than
they
were
in
the
riuer
.
And
he
gaue
order
to
his
owne
people
,
that
as
soone
,
as
they
were
within
the
reach
of
slings
,
and
had
beaten
with
their
pikes
vpon
their
targets
,
to
sing
the
Paean
,
and
run
forth
against
the
enemy
.
And
when
the
enemy
was
put
to
flight
,
and
the
trumpet
sounded
a
charge
from
the
riuer
,
the
bringers
vp
,
facing
about
to
the
pike
,
should
leade
,
and
the
rest
follow
,
and
with
all
speed
get
the
passage
,
euery
one
in
the
order
he
held
,
to
the
intent
they
hindred
not
one
another
;
And
added
he
would
account
him
the
best
Souldier
,
that
first
could
gaine
the
other
banke
.
The
Carduchans
seeing
but
a
few
now
left
behinde
(
for
many
appointed
for
the
Reare
were
shifted
away
,
some
being
carefull
of
the
carriage-beasts
,
some
of
the
baggage
,
some
of
their
whores
)
fell
on
boldly
,
and
began
to
sling
and
shoot
.
But
when
the
Grecians
singing
the
Paean
ran
out
against
them
,
they
forsooke
their
ground
.
For
they
were
armed
,
as
the
mountaine
fashion
is
,
Armenia
.
Teribazus
the
Kings
fauourite
was
gouernor
of
this
country
;
A
kinde
of
weapon
headed
like
a
hatchet
.
Teribazus
his
falsenesse
.
This
prisoner
being
demanded
,
what
country-man
he
was
,
said
,
he
was
a
Persian
,
and
came
from
Teribazus
his
Campe
to
seeke
prouision
.
Being
asked
againe
,
how
great
the
Armie
was
,
and
why
assembled
;
he
answered
,
that
Teribazus
was
there
in
person
with
his
owne
Armie
,
and
with
the
mercenary
Ghalibians
and
Taochans
,
and
was
determined
to
set
vpon
the
Grecians
in
the
streights
,
that
were
on
the
mountaine
tops
,
where
there
was
but
one
way
.
The
Coronels
hearing
these
things
found
it
good
to
assemble
their
troopes
,
and
leauing
sufficient
guards
for
the
Campe
,
The
Grecians
wade
ouer
Euphrates
.
18
mile
and
more
a
day
.
The
fountaines
of
this
riuer
were
reported
not
to
be
farre
off
.
From
thence
they
proceeded
15
Parasangs
in
three
encampings
through
much
Snow
,
which
couered
the
plaine
country
.
The
third
encamping
was
laborious
and
hard
,
the
north
wind
blowing
stiffe
against
vs
,
and
scorching
and
befreezing
the
limbes
of
the
Souldiers
:
whereupon
one
of
the
Soothsayers
said
,
Boulimia
.
Xenophon
bringing
vp
the
Reare
,
and
raising
those
Souldiers
,
that
lay
vpon
the
ground
,
was
ignorant
what
the
disease
meant
,
till
one
,
who
had
experience
,
told
him
,
that
it
was
a
plaine
Oxe-hunger
,
The
Persians
sacrificed
horses
to
the
Sunne
.
The
horse
of
Armenia
.
because
he
fainted
in
the
iourney
.
He
himselfe
tooke
to
him
one
of
the
Colts
,
and
distributed
the
rest
to
the
other
Coronels
and
Captaines
.
The
horse
of
that
Countrey
are
lesse
than
the
Persian
horse
,
but
much
more
deedy
,
and
full
of
metall
.
The
Comarch
also
taught
them
,
Chalybians
,
Taochans
,
and
Phasians
shewed
themselues
on
the
top
of
a
hill
,
from
whence
the
descent
into
the
Plaine
lay
.
Cherisophus
after
he
perceiued
the
enemy
on
the
height
of
the
hill
,
made
Alt
about
thirtie
furlongs
off
,
Three
●ile
and
three
quarters
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
In
a
march
how
to
bring
the
troopes
to
a
Ph●l●nge
.
A
counsell
how
to
dislodge
the
en●●y
from
a
mountaine
.
being
loth
to
approach
them
with
his
army
led
in
a
wing
,
&
he
gaue
the
word
,
that
the
following
Companies
should
slee●e
vp
by
the
first
,
to
the
end
the
army
might
be
formed
into
a
Phalange
,
or
broad
fronted
battell
.
When
the
Reare
was
come
vp
,
immediately
he
called
a
Court
of
Coronels
and
Captaines
;
and
spake
thus
:
●he
enemy
,
as
you
see
,
hath
taken
the
top
of
the
mountaine
;
It
is
time
for
vs
to
aduise
,
how
we
shall
most
commodiously
come
to
fight
with
them
.
Mine
opinion
is
,
therefore
,
that
we
first
command
the
Souldiers
to
dine
,
and
then
in
the
meane
space
consult
,
whether
it
be
best
to
passe
ouer
the
mountaine
to
day
or
to
morrow
.
And
mine
opinion
is
,
said
Cleanor
,
that
after
dinner
we
presently
arme
,
and
with
all
celeritie
goe
against
them
.
For
if
we
linger
this
day
,
the
enemy
,
that
beholds
vs
now
,
will
wax
bolder
,
and
other
animated
with
their
boldnesse
,
will
ioyne
vnto
them
.
After
him
Xenophon
spake
,
and
said
:
I
conceiue
thus
;
that
if
we
must
needs
fight
,
we
are
to
prepare
our selues
to
fight
with
the
greatest
aduantage
,
we
are
able
.
But
if
we
desire
to
passe
the
hill
with
least
trouble
,
we
ought
to
consider
,
how
to
receiue
fewest
wounds
,
and
lose
fewest
men
.
The
hill
,
which
we
see
,
is
more
than
60
furlongs
in
length
,
Yea
,
but
what
need
you
goe
,
quoth
Cherisophus
,
and
leaue
the
Reare
.
Rather
,
if
no
man
be
willing
to
goe
of
himselfe
,
let
vs
make
choice
of
some
one
or
other
.
Hereupon
Aristonymus
the
Methydrian
came
vp
,
and
presented
himselfe
with
armed
foot
,
and
Aristaeus
the
Chian
with
light-armed
,
and
Nicomachus
the
Oetaean
likewise
with
light-armed
;
There
is
no
other
way
,
but
this
one
,
that
you
see
;
and
when
any
man
proffereth
to
ascend
,
they
tumble
downe
stones
from
the
high
rocke
hanging
ouer
,
and
vpon
whomsoeuer
the
stones
light
,
thus
is
hee
serued
;
and
withall
shewed
many
Souldiers
that
had
their
legs
and
sides
crushed
,
and
broken
a
peeces
.
But
when
the
stones
are
spent
,
quoth
Xenophon
,
what
other
impediment
shall
we
haue
?
For
we
see
but
these
few
oppose
against
vs
,
and
of
them
but
two
or
three
armed
men
.
And
the
space
,
which
is
so
dangerous
,
is
not
aboue
three
halfe
Plethers
;
There
remaineth
then
but
halfe
a
Plether
,
Harpasus
a
riuer
.
400
foot
.
18
mile
and
mor●
a
day
.
The
S●ythinians
.
a
Riuer
of
foure
Plethers
bredth
;
and
then
thorow
the
Scythinians
Countrey
20
Parasangs
in
foure
encampings
.
It
was
a
plaine
Countrey
,
and
in
it
they
found
villages
,
in
which
they
remained
three
daies
making
prouision
of
Corne
.
From
thence
they
proceeded
in
foure
encampings
20
Parasangs
,
18
mile
&
more
a
day
.
Gymnias
a
citie
.
and
came
to
a
great
,
wealthy
,
and
well
inhabited
Citie
named
Gymnias
.
The
Lieutenant
of
the
Country
sent
the
Grecians
a
guide
to
leade
them
thorow
the
enemies
Countrey
.
Himselfe
comming
vnto
them
told
them
,
that
he
in
person
would
within
fiue
daies
bring
them
to
a
place
,
from
whence
they
should
see
the
Sea
;
if
not
,
he
refused
not
to
be
put
to
death
.
When
he
was
come
into
his
enemies
Countrey
,
he
willed
them
to
burne
and
destroy
the
Land
.
Whereby
appeared
,
that
no
good
affection
,
he
bare
them
,
but
the
losse
of
the
enemie
was
the
only
cause
,
he
came
vnto
the
Grecians
.
The
fifth
day
they
came
to
the
holy
Mountaine
,
which
was
called
Theches
.
For
a
Phalange
,
said
he
,
will
soone
be
broken
by
reason
of
the
inequalitie
of
way
,
which
in
some
part
of
the
Mountaine
will
be
easie
enough
,
in
other
parts
hard
to
ascend
.
And
it
will
quickly
discourage
the
Souldiers
,
to
see
the
Phalange
disordered
,
in
which
they
march
.
Furthermore
if
we
aduance
in
a
large
Front
,
the
enemie
,
that
exceedeth
vs
in
number
,
will
ouer-front
vs
,
and
vse
his
multitude
to
most
aduantage
;
if
in
a
narrow
Front
,
it
will
be
no
maruell
to
see
our
Phalange
cut
in
peeces
with
the
number
of
missiue
weapons
and
with
multitude
of
men
,
that
will
fall
vpon
it
;
which
comming
to
passe
in
any
part
,
the
whole
Phalange
will
be
distressed
.
Therefore
,
as
I
said
,
I
hold
it
best
to
order
our selues
in
companies
stretched
out
in
file
or
depth
,
euery
companie
hauing
such
distance
from
other
,
The
distance
betwixt
company
and
company
.
Ouer-fronting
the
enemie
.
that
the
out-most
companies
may
ouer-front
,
and
be
without
the
points
of
the
enemies
wings
.
So
shall
we
both
gain
the
aduantage
of
ouer-fronting
their
army
,
&
marching
on
the
companies
being
in
file
,
our
best
men
shall
first
giue
on
vpon
the
enemie
.
And
let
euerie
companie
make
choise
of
the
fittest
way
for
ascent
.
Now
for
the
spaces
betwixt
each
companie
it
will
not
be
easie
for
the
enemie
to
enter
them
,
the
companies
flancking
euerie
space
,
nor
yet
to
cut
off
a
companie
aduancing
in
such
depth
.
And
if
any
companie
chance
to
be
distressed
,
the
next
companie
is
to
succour
it
.
And
in
case
any
one
of
the
companies
attaine
the
top
of
the
Hill
,
assure
your selues
no
enemie
will
keepe
his
ground
.
The
aduice
was
approued
by
all
,
and
they
drew
their
companies
euerie
one
into
a
File
.
Xenophon
going
from
the
right
wing
to
the
left
,
said
to
the
Souldiers
;
These
,
ô
Souldiers
,
whom
you
see
,
are
the
only
hindrance
of
our
passage
thither
,
whither
we
haste
with
so
great
desire
.
If
it
be
possible
,
we
must
deuoure
them
raw
.
When
euerie
man
was
in
his
place
,
and
euerie
companie
in
File
,
the
companies
of
the
armed
amounted
to
about
80
in
number
,
and
euerie
companie
contained
well-neere
100
men
.
Arcadian
Peltasts
,
whose
Captaine
Aeschines
the
Acarnan
was
,
saw
them
distracted
,
and
seuered
,
they
imagined
they
fled
,
and
ran
on
with
as
much
speed
,
as
they
could
.
They
were
the
first
,
that
gained
the
Mountaine
.
The
armed
Arcadians
commanded
by
Cleanor
the
Orchomenian
followed
at
their
heeles
.
The
enemie
stood
firme
in
no
place
,
after
they
saw
them
come
running
on
,
but
fled
,
some
one
way
,
some
another
.
A
race
of
a
furlong
.
A
race
of
24
furlongs
,
or
three
mile
:
some
say
of
12
fu●longs
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
consisting
of
-
1.
P●gillatto
.
-
2.
Cu●sus
.
-
3.
Saltus
.
-
4.
Discus
.
-
5.
Lucta
.
ran
the
race
called
Dolichon
.
Other
wrestled
,
and
fought
with
fists
,
and
vsed
the
Quinquertian
exercise
;
so
that
it
was
a
pleasant
sight
to
behold
them
.
For
many
put
themselues
into
the
Exercise
,
and
much
emulation
arose
by
reason
their
companions
looked
on
.
The
horses
also
ran
,
and
they
were
appointed
to
gallop
downe
the
steepe
hill
to
the
Sea
with
high
speed
,
and
againe
to
returne
vp
to
the
alter
.
So
many
of
them
tumbled
from
the
height
downeward
one
vpon
another
;
and
when
they
were
to
returne
vpward
,
they
had
much
adoe
,
though
neuer
so
leisurely
,
to
raise
themselues
against
the
huge
steepnesse
of
the
place
.
Here
you
might
heare
great
cries
,
laughter
,
and
incouragements
of
one
to
another
.
Finis
Libri
Quarti
.
THE
FIFTH
BOOKE
OF
THE
HISTORIE
OF
XENOPHON
,
TOVCHING
THE
Ascent
of
CYRVS
the
younger
,
out
of
Asia
the
Lesse
,
into
the
Higher
COVNTREYS
.
IT
is
formerly
discoursed
,
what
the
Grecians
did
in
ascending
with
Cyrus
vp
to
the
higher
Countries
,
and
in
their
returne
as
farre
as
the
Euxine
Sea
,
and
how
they
came
downe
to
Trapezond
a
Grecian
Citie
,
and
sacrificed
(
according
to
their
Vowes
made
for
their
safe
returne
)
as
soone
as
they
came
to
a
Countrey
that
was
friend
.
Afterward
meeting
together
,
they
consulted
about
the
remnant
of
their
march
homeward
.
Antileon
the
Thurian
was
the
first
that
stood
vp
,
and
he
spake
in
this
manner
:
I
,
my
companions
,
haue
hitherto
wearied
my selfe
in
trussing
vp
baggage
,
in
going
and
running
and
bearing
Armes
,
and
keeping
order
in
marching
,
in
guarding
,
and
in
fighting
.
Now
,
seeing
we
are
come
to
the
Sea
,
my
desire
is
,
laying
these
trauels
aside
,
to
saile
forth
the
remnant
of
my
iourney
,
and
as
Vlysses
did
,
lying
downe
,
and
stretching
my
lims
out
at
full
length
,
to
sleepe
till
we
come
into
Greece
.
The
Souldiers
hearing
his
words
gaue
an
applause
,
as
if
he
had
spoken
well
;
and
afterwards
another
,
and
almost
all
,
that
were
present
,
repeated
the
same
words
in
generall
.
Then
Cherisophus
stood
vp
and
said
:
Anaxibius
,
that
hath
the
command
of
the
Nauie
,
is
my
very
good
friend
.
Wherefore
,
Here
the
Souldiers
cried
out
,
that
there
was
no
cause
to
speake
of
preparing
the
wayes
.
Xenophon
marking
their
indiscretion
,
made
no
decree
hereof
,
but
perswaded
the
neighbour
Cities
to
make
the
passages
readie
,
alledging
they
would
sooner
be
gone
,
if
the
waies
were
prepared
.
They
had
also
a
ship
of
fiftie
owers
from
the
Trapezuntians
,
ouer
which
they
appointed
Captaine
Dexippus
,
who
dwelt
not
farre
from
Lacedemon
.
Act.
c.
9.
v.
40.
that
was
found
without
the
Citadell
.
But
the
armed
laid
downe
their
armes
partly
by
the
Rampier
,
partly
at
the
way
that
led
to
the
Citadell
.
Xenophon
and
the
Captaines
in
the
meane
time
cast
their
eies
about
to
resolue
,
whether
the
Citadell
were
possible
to
be
taken
,
or
not
.
For
so
all
should
be
safe
,
otherwise
the
retreat
must
needes
be
full
of
danger
.
After
they
had
viewed
it
,
they
held
it
impregnable
.
Xenop
.
in
vita
Agesilai
.
657.
&
Hist.
Graec.
lib.
4.513
.
B.
he
left
with
Megabyzus
Dianaes
Priest
,
and
willed
him
in
case
himselfe
escaped
the
danger
,
to
make
restitution
to
his
owne
hands
;
if
he
miscaried
,
to
consecrate
it
to
Diana
,
and
bestow
it
in
such
sort
,
as
in
his
opinion
should
be
most
acceptable
to
the
goddesse
.
But
af●erward
,
when
Xenophon
was
banished
his
country
,
and
dwelled
now
at
Scylunt
,
Olympia
,
Megabyzus
came
to
Olympia
to
see
the
Games
,
and
restored
to
Xenophon
the
money
left
in
his
custodie
:
and
Xenophon
receiuing
it
bought
a
portion
of
Land
for
the
goddesse
in
a
place
designed
by
Apollo
,
thorow
which
the
Riuer
Sellenus
runneth
.
At
Ephesus
also
there
runneth
a
Riuer
Sellenus
hard
by
Dianaes
Temple
,
and
either
of
these
Riuers
nourisheth
both
other
fish
,
Olympian
Iupiter
.
There
are
in
the
consecrated
ground
,
groues
and
mountaines
stored
with
trees
sufficient
to
nourish
hogs
,
and
goats
,
and
sheepe
,
and
horses
;
so
that
the
carriage-beasts
of
such
,
as
come
to
the
feast
,
are
largely
prouided
for
.
About
the
Temple
it selfe
there
is
a
groue
of
fruit-trees
of
all
kindes
,
that
are
fit
to
be
eaten
,
after
they
wax
ripe
.
The
Temple
it selfe
,
as
much
,
as
a
little
one
may
resemble
a
great
,
is
like
to
the
Ephesian
Temple
,
and
the
Image
made
of
Cypres
,
like
to
the
golden
Image
at
Ephesus
.
By
the
Temple
is
a
pillar
erected
&
inscribed
with
these
words
:
The
ground
consecrated
to
Diana
.
He
that
hath
the
possession
and
vse
of
it
,
let
him
pay
the
tenth
of
euery
yeares
increase
,
and
with
the
ouer-plus
repaire
and
maintaine
the
Temple
.
In
case
he
neglect
this
,
the
goddesse
will
take
order
for
her
owne
.
From
Cerasunt
they
,
that
were
before
shipped
,
held
on
their
course
by
Sea
,
the
rest
made
forward
by
land
.
When
they
were
come
to
the
borders
of
the
Mosynecans
,
they
sent
vnto
them
Timosithe●s
a
Trapez●●t●●e
(
who
was
their
guest
)
to
demand
,
Greci●●s
.
Timositheos
being
sent
,
returned
,
bringing
with
him
the
chiefe
Magistrates
.
After
their
arriuall
,
We
,
ô
Mosynecans
,
because
we
want
shipping
,
are
desirous
to
passe
into
Greece
on
foot
.
They
who
hinder
vs
,
as
we
vnderstand
,
are
your
enemies
.
You
haue
now
an
opportunitie
presented
vnto
you
,
if
you
lift
to
imbrace
it
,
by
entring
into
societie
of
war
with
vs
,
to
be
reuenged
of
them
for
all
the
wrong
,
they
haue
any
time
here●ofore
done
you
,
and
to
make
them
henceforth
your
vassals
.
If
you
at
this
present
let
vs
passe
by
without
taking
the
opportunitie
,
consider
with
your selues
if
euer
hereafter
,
you
are
like
to
haue
the
like
forces
ioine
with
you
in
league
.
The
chiefe
Magistrate
of
the
Mosyn●cans
answered
▪
he
was
desirous
to
effect
the
proposition
,
and
to
ioyne
in
society
of
warre
with
the
Greci●●●
.
Goe
to
then
,
quoth
Xenophon
,
wherein
will
yo●
imploy
vs
,
if
we
become
your
conf●derates
?
and
you
,
what
aide
can
you
giue
vs
to
further
our
passage
?
They
replied
,
We
are
of
strength
enough
to
enter
our
common
enemies
countrey
on
the
further
side
,
and
to
send
you
shipping
and
men
,
both
to
assist
you
in
the
field
,
and
to
be
guides
of
your
iourney
.
Vpon
this
taking
and
giuing
assurance
they
departed
.
The
next
day
they
came
with
300
boats
,
euery
boat
made
of
one
peece
of
wood
.
Be
not
dismayed
,
(
O
Souldiers
)
with
that
,
which
is
happened
.
The
good
of
it
is
as
great
,
as
the
euill
.
For
first
of
all
you
now
know
certainly
,
that
those
,
that
shall
be
our
guides
,
are
enemies
to
them
,
vnto
whom
of
necessitie
we
must
be
enemies
.
Then
those
Grecians
,
that
seemed
to
contemne
our
order
▪
and
thinking
themselues
to
be
able
to
●o
as
much
with
the
Barbarians
▪
as
with
vs
,
feele
the
smart
of
their
owne
folly
,
&
will
hardly
hereafter
be
brought
to
leaue
our
company
.
But
you
must
prepare
your selues
to
shew
the
Barbarians
your
friends
,
that
you
are
better
men
,
than
they
,
and
to
let
the
enemy
know
,
that
they
haue
at
this
present
to
do
with
another
sort
of
people
,
than
with
those
,
who
fought
disorderly
with
them
of
late
.
This
day
therefore
they
rested
.
The
next
day
after
they
had
sacrificed
,
and
the
sacrifice
portended
good
fortune
,
they
dined
,
and
ordering
their
companies
in
file
,
The
City
of
Sinopis
(
ô
Souldiers
)
hath
sent
vs
vnto
you
,
partly
commending
you
,
that
being
Grecians
you
haue
ouercome
the
Barbarians
,
partly
to
congratulate
with
you
,
Carduchans
,
Chaldeans
,
and
Taochans
enemies
(
albeit
no
Subiects
to
the
King
,
and
yet
men
to
be
feared
)
because
they
gaue
vs
no
Market
,
and
we
could
not
want
needfull
prouision
.
The
Macrons
,
albeit
Barbarians
,
in
regard
they
furnished
vs
such
a
Market
,
as
they
could
,
we
dealt
friendly
with
,
and
tooke
nothing
from
them
by
force
.
If
the
Cotyorites
,
who
you
say
are
yours
,
haue
not
the
like
friendship
,
they
may
thanke
themselues
:
For
they
behaued
themselues
not
as
friends
vnto
vs
,
but
shutting
their
gates
,
neither
receiued
vs
into
their
City
,
nor
yet
gaue
vs
a
Market
without
.
The
cause
hereof
they
lay
vpon
your
Gouernour
.
But
where
you
say
,
that
we
entred
,
and
now
lodge
in
the
City
by
force
,
the
truth
is
,
we
requested
them
to
receiue
our
sicke
men
into
their
houses
.
When
they
opened
not
the
Gates
,
we
,
offering
no
other
violence
,
entred
there
,
where
they
would
haue
kept
vs
out
.
The
sicke
men
lodge
indeed
in
their
houses
,
but
yet
they
liue
of
their
owne
without
charging
their
Hosts
a
penny
.
And
wee
set
guards
vpon
the
Gates
,
left
our
sicke
men
should
haply
be
at
the
mercy
of
your
Gouernours
,
and
not
in
our
power
to
take
to
vs
,
when
we
are
disposed
.
The
rest
of
vs
,
as
you
see
,
are
orderly
encamped
in
the
Field
,
readie
to
gratifie
thos●
that
deser●e
well
at
our
hands
,
and
to
defend
our selues
against
such
,
a●
offer
vs
iniurie
.
But
where
you
threatned
,
that
you
would
make
Corylas
and
the
Paphlagonians
your
friends
to
ioine
with
you
against
vs
,
Know
,
that
if
we
must
needs
▪
we
care
not
to
warre
against
you
bot●
(
for
we
haue
alreadie
●ought
with
●umbers
farre
exceeding
yours
)
but
,
if
we
list
,
we
can
as
well
gaine
the
friendship
of
Corylas
and
the
Paphlagonians
,
as
you
.
For
●e
are
giuen
to
vnderstand
,
that
he
would
faine
become
owner
of
your
Citie
,
and
of
the
Fortresses
ioining
to
the
Sea
.
We
can
then
by
furthering
his
desire
,
make
him
our
friend
.
After
these
words
the
fellow
Embassadors
of
Hecatonymus
declared
,
that
they
were
thoroughly
agrieued
,
with
that
,
which
Hecatonymus
had
spoken
,
and
one
of
them
stepping
forth
said
:
We
come
not
to
denounce
warre
,
but
to
shew
,
we
are
your
friends
;
and
we
will
honour
you
with
gifts
of
hospitalitie
,
if
you
please
to
come
to
the
Sinopaean
Citie
.
For
the
present
we
will
enioine
our
people
here
to
furnish
you
with
what
they
are
able
,
because
we
see
,
all
is
true
,
which
you
haue
spoken
.
Afte●
this
the
Cotyorites
sent
gifts
of
hospitalitie
,
If
I
shall
aduise
you
that
,
which
my
minde
persw●deth
me
to
be
best
and
fittest
for
you
,
I
pray
the
gods
I
may
haue
many
good
and
prosperous
fortunes
:
If
otherwise
,
let
the
contrarie
befall
me
.
For
I
take
this
,
if
any
other
,
to
be
of
that
kind
of
counsell
,
which
is
accounted
holy
:
and
if
I
shall
now
giue
you
good
aduice
,
many
of
you
will
loue
and
commend
me
;
if
ill
,
as
many
will
detest
and
curse
me
.
This
then
I
am
assured
of
,
if
you
iourney
by
Sea
,
the
trouble
will
be
ours
,
in
regard
that
we
must
furnish
you
out
shipping
.
If
you
hold
on
by
Land
,
you
your selues
are
the
men
,
that
must
make
way
with
your
Swords
.
I
will
notwithstanding
deliuer
those
things
,
which
lie
in
my
knowledge
.
For
I
am
well
acquainted
with
the
Countrey
of
Paphlago●ia
,
and
w●th
their
Forces
.
Both
this
and
that
Countrey
haue
large
Plaines
and
high
Mountaines
,
and
I
know
the
way
which
you
must
of
necessitie
hold
,
and
to
say
truth
there
is
no
other
way
then
to
passe
along
,
where
the
Mountaines
on
both
hands
lift
vp
them●elues
with
huge
and
ex●●eding
lo●tie
hor●es
▪
which
a
few
men
hauing
taken
and
possessed
▪
may
●●●ily
maintaine
,
neither
is
there
any
multi●ud●
so
great
,
that
can
dislodge
them
,
or
gaine
the
passage
.
This
will
I
make
manifest
to
any
,
whomsoeuer
you
shall
be
pleased
to
send
with
me
.
From
hence
there
follow
large
Champaignes
,
and
the
inhabitants
are
furnished
with
such
a
power
of
Horse
,
as
the
Barbarians
themselues
esteeme
to
be
better
,
then
all
that
serue
the
King
:
and
albeit
the
King
sent
for
them
,
yet
they
absolutely
refused
to
goe
,
their
Gouernour
carying
too
loftie
a
minde
to
be
vnder
any
other
mans
command
.
But
admit
you
can
by
stealth
and
preuention
gaine
the
Mountaines
,
and
likewise
beat
their
Horse
and
Foot
,
which
are
in
number
aboue
twelue
Myriades
,
yet
are
you
to
passe
ouer
Riuers
:
The
Grecians
decreed
to
hold
on
their
iourney
by
Sea
.
You
see
(
ô
Sinopaeans
)
that
the
Armie
is
readie
to
hold
the
way
,
which
you
aduise
them
to
Yet
must
you
vnderstand
thus
much
,
that
we
are
so
determined
to
take
Sea
,
if
we
shall
finde
such
sufficiencie
of
shipping
,
that
not
one
of
vs
shall
need
to
be
left
behinde
.
But
in
case
some
of
vs
be
to
saile
,
other
to
remaine
here
,
assure
your selues
,
we
will
not
goe
,
nor
stirre
a
foot
from
he●ce
.
For
this
we
all
know
,
wheresoeuer
we
shall
be
the
stronger
,
we
shall
be
both
able
to
saue
our selues
from
danger
,
and
to
command
such
things
as
shall
be
needfull
for
vs
.
Where
we
are
found
the
weaker
,
our
condition
will
be
no
better
,
then
if
we
were
Slaues
.
When
the
Embassadours
heard
this
,
they
aduised
them
to
send
Embassadours
to
the
Sinopaean●
;
and
they
sent
Call●machus
the
Arcadian
,
Aristo
the
Athenian
,
and
Samolas
the
Achaian
.
So
they
tooke
their
iourney
.
Now
at
this
time
,
when
Xanophon
considered
〈◊〉
himselfe
,
and
saw
,
that
there
were
present
in
Pontus
many
armed
Grecian●
,
many
Peltasts
,
many
Archers
and
Slingers
,
and
Horse
,
all
of
them
very
sufficient
,
by
reason
of
their
long
vse
in
armes
,
and
that
the
like
power
could
not
be
raised
with
a
small
expence
▪
There
is
no
reason
(
fellow
Souldiers
)
to
harken
to
any
stay
here
,
nor
to
preferre
any
thing
before
your
returne
into
Greece
.
I
vnderstand
,
there
are
some
,
that
aske
counsell
of
the
gods
about
this
businesse
,
and
yet
neuer
make
you
acquainted
with
it
.
But
if
you
will
heare
me
,
and
after
the
new
Moone
be
pleased
to
saile
away
from
hence
,
I
promise
to
giue
euery
one
of
you
a
Cyzicene
the
moneth
,
and
will
bring
you
to
Troas
,
Thus
he
spake
,
not
being
ignorant
,
what
had
passed
betwixt
Timasion
and
the
Heracleots
and
Sinop●ans
concerning
taking
ship
,
and
sayling
out
of
the
Countrey
.
All
this
while
Xenophon
held
his
peace
.
Then
two
Achaeans
,
Philesius
and
Lyc●
standing
vp
,
said
:
It
was
not
to
be
suffered
,
that
Xenophon
had
both
priuately
perswaded
the
army
to
stay
there
,
All
held
vp
their
hands
.
Silanus
hereupon
cried
out
,
and
went
about
to
perswade
,
that
euery
man
of
right
ought
to
haue
liberty
to
depart
at
his
pleasure
.
But
the
Souldiers
would
not
heare
him
,
nay
they
threatned
,
if
he
were
taken
shifting
away
,
he
should
pay
for
it
soundly
.
Afterward
,
when
the
Heracleots
vnderstood
that
the
Armie
was
resolued
to
saile
away
,
and
that
Xenophon
had
agreed
thereto
,
they
sent
shipping
,
but
the
money
that
they
promised
to
Timasion
and
Thorax
for
pay
,
they
sent
not
.
From
that
time
forward
,
they
who
promised
this
money
,
were
much
perplexed
,
and
began
to
stand
in
feare
of
the
Armie
.
And
taking
to
them
the
other
Coronels
,
in
the
number
of
whom
were
all
,
but
Neo
the
Asinite
,
Cherisophus
his
Lieutenant
(
for
Cherisophus
was
absent
)
and
communicating
with
them
,
what
they
had
negotiated
,
they
came
to
Xenophon
,
and
told
him
they
repented
of
their
former
opinion
,
and
now
they
thought
it
best
for
the
Armie
to
saile
to
Phasis
,
and
to
take
into
their
hands
the
Phasian
territorie
.
The
sonne
of
Aeetas
reigned
ouer
the
Phasians
at
that
time
.
Xenophon
answered
,
he
would
propound
no
such
thing
to
the
Armie
:
you
,
if
you
please
,
may
call
an
assembly
,
and
make
the
motion
your selues
.
Timasion
the
Dardanian
deliuered
then
his
opinion
,
which
was
not
to
call
an
assembly
of
the
Armie
,
but
euery
Coronell
to
deale
with
his
Captaines
,
and
to
seeke
to
perswade
them
seuerally
to
be
of
that
opinion
.
So
they
parted
,
and
laboured
to
put
this
resolution
in
practise
.
In
the
meane
time
it
came
to
the
Souldiers
eares
,
and
Neo
gaue
out
,
that
Xenophon
hauing
drawne
the
other
Coronels
to
his
party
,
plotted
how
to
deceiue
the
Armie
,
and
bring
them
backe
againe
to
Phasis
.
The
Souldiers
tooke
it
in
very
ill
part
,
&
gathered
together
,
and
stood
in
rounds
,
and
it
was
to
be
feared
,
they
would
do
as
they
did
before
to
the
messengers
of
the
Cholcans
,
and
to
them
that
had
the
ouerseeing
of
the
prouision
of
the
Market
,
of
whom
they
stoned
all
,
that
escaped
not
to
the
Sea
.
When
Xenophon
perceiued
it
,
he
thought
it
fit
to
warne
a
publike
meeting
with
all
speed
,
and
not
to
suffer
them
to
come
together
of
themselues
;
and
he
commanded
the
Cryer
to
summon
the
assembly
.
No
sooner
heard
they
the
Cryer
,
but
they
came
together
with
all
speed
.
Here
Xenophon
accused
not
the
Coronels
in
that
they
came
vnto
him
,
but
spake
in
this
manner
:
I
heare
(
O
Souldiers
)
that
there
is
a
man
who
accuseth
me
,
and
giueth
out
,
that
I
seeke
to
deceiue
you
,
and
bring
you
backe
againe
to
Phasis
.
Heare
me
therefore
for
Gods
sake
;
and
if
I
shall
seeme
to
wrong
you
,
my selfe
will
hold
my selfe
vnworthy
to
depart
hence
,
before
I
suffer
punishment
for
my
deserts
.
But
if
you
finde
them
,
that
slander
me
,
to
be
in
the
wrong
,
vse
them
I
pray
you
,
as
you
shall
thinke
they
deserue
.
You
know
,
I
make
no
question
,
in
what
quarter
of
heauen
the
Sunne
ariseth
,
and
where
he
setteth
,
and
that
in
case
a
man
were
to
goe
into
Greece
,
he
is
to
iourney
Westward
;
if
backe
againe
to
the
Barbarians
,
toward
the
East
.
Can
any
man
then
deceiue
you
,
as
though
the
Sunne
should
arise
and
set
in
a
contrary
quarter
of
heauen
?
Besides
,
we
see
that
the
North
wind
carieth
vs
out
of
Pontus
into
Greece
,
the
South
inward
toward
Phasis
.
And
it
is
a
common
speech
amongst
you
:
The
North
wind
bloweth
,
we
haue
now
a
faire
passage
into
Greece
.
If
then
a
man
sought
to
deceiue
you
,
he
were
to
put
you
a
boord
,
when
the
wind
bloweth
South
.
Yea
but
I
meane
to
ship
you
,
when
it
is
calme
.
Well
then
,
shall
not
I
saile
in
one
ship
,
you
in
a
hundred
at
least
?
How
can
I
then
either
compell
you
against
your
will
,
or
lead
you
on
by
deceiuing
you
?
But
say
you
were
beguiled
and
bewitched
by
me
,
and
so
brought
to
Phasis
.
We
shall
then
land
there
,
and
you
will
easily
perceiue
,
that
you
are
not
in
Greece
,
and
I
shall
be
but
one
man
,
that
deceiued
you
,
you
neere
10000
that
are
deceiued
,
and
all
in
Armes
.
How
then
can
any
one
man
cast
himselfe
into
more
certaine
danger
,
then
by
such
counsell
about
himselfe
and
about
you
?
But
these
are
the
speeches
of
●oolish
men
,
and
of
such
as
enuie
me
,
because
I
am
honoured
by
you
.
And
yet
they
enuie
me
without
cause
.
For
which
of
them
doe
I
hinder
either
to
speake
,
if
he
can
,
that
which
is
for
your
good
,
or
to
fight
for
you
,
if
he
be
disposed
,
or
to
watch
and
be
carefull
for
your
safetie
?
Doe
I
oppose
against
any
man
in
the
election
of
Commanders
?
Nay
,
I
giue
way
to
all
;
on
Gods
name
command
he
that
will
;
only
let
him
doe
that
which
shall
tend
to
your
good
.
I
haue
spoken
enough
concerning
these
things
.
If
any
of
you
thinke
,
that
either
himselfe
or
other
are
deceiued
by
these
words
of
mine
,
let
him
come
forth
,
and
shew
wherein
.
Now
because
you
haue
heard
enough
hereof
,
depart
not
hence
,
I
pray
,
till
you
be
partakers
of
a
matter
,
which
I
see
is
begun
in
the
Armie
already
,
and
i●
it
creepe
further
,
and
shall
be
found
such
,
as
is
reported
,
it
will
be
time
for
vs
to
take
aduice
concerning
our selues
,
that
we
seeme
not
the
vilest
and
most
execrable
creatures
that
euer
were
,
both
towards
the
gods
,
and
towards
men
,
and
towards
our
confederates
,
and
towards
our
enemies
,
and
at
last
grow
into
an
vniuersall
contempt
of
all
men
.
The
Souldiers
hearing
this
,
wondred
what
it
might
be
,
and
bid
him
tell
it
out
plainly
.
Then
he
began
againe
:
You
remember
that
in
the
Barbarian
mountaines
there
were
certaine
Villages
allied
in
friendship
with
the
Cerasuntians
,
from
which
mountains
there
were
that
descended
,
and
sold
vs
beasts
for
sacrifice
,
and
such
other
things
as
they
had
.
I
thinke
some
of
you
also
went
to
the
neerest
of
those
Villages
to
buy
necessaries
,
and
afterward
returned
to
the
Campe
.
Clearatur●
a
Captaine
of
ours
,
vnderstanding
that
one
of
the
Villages
was
small
,
and
vnguarded
,
because
it
was
reputed
to
be
comprehended
within
our
League
,
acquainting
none
of
vs
with
his
p●●pose
,
went
against
it
in
the
night
,
thinking
to
make
boot
of
it
.
His
resolution
was
,
in
case
he
surprized
the
Village
,
no
more
to
retu●●e
to
the
Armie
,
but
entring
the
ship
,
in
which
his
companions
ran
along
the
shore
,
and
putting
into
it
,
what
he
had
rifled
,
to
saile
away
and
get
him
out
of
Pontus
.
His
companions
and
he
,
as
I
now
vnderstand
,
were
resolued
vpo●
this
point
.
Assembling
therefore
such
,
as
he
had
brought
to
his
lure
,
he
led
them
against
the
Village
.
The
day
preuented
his
march
,
and
the
inhabitants
flocking
together
,
and
sending
missiue
weapons
,
&
striking
and
wounding
from
the
higher
ground
,
slew
Clearatus
,
and
many
other
.
Some
of
the
Souldiers
got
to
Cerasunt
.
These
things
fell
out
the
same
day
we
marched
hither
on
foot
.
Some
of
those
,
that
came
in
the
ship
,
were
yet
at
Cerasunt
,
not
ioyned
with
their
companions
.
After
this
,
as
the
Cerasuntines
report
,
there
came
from
the
same
Village
three
ancient
men
,
which
desired
to
haue
accesse
to
vs
in
generall
.
When
they
found
vs
not
there
,
they
told
the
Cerasuntines
,
they
wondred
much
what
we
meant
,
to
come
in
that
manner
against
them
.
The
Cerasuntines
answered
,
it
was
not
the
fact
of
the
whole
Armie
.
They
were
glad
thereof
,
and
said
they
would
come
to
vs
by
ship
,
and
informe
vs
how
things
were
caried
,
and
giue
libertie
to
such
as
would
,
to
burie
the
dead
.
Some
of
the
Grecians
,
that
saued
themselues
by
flight
,
were
yet
at
Cerasunt
,
and
perceiuing
whither
the
Barbarians
intended
to
goe
,
were
so
bold
,
as
not
only
to
cast
stones
at
them
themselues
,
but
incited
other
to
doe
the
like
.
So
the
men
died
,
being
three
in
number
,
Ambassadors
stoned
to
death
.
After
this
fact
the
Cerasuntines
came
vnto
vs
,
and
certified
vs
of
all
that
had
hapned
;
and
we
the
Coronels
hearing
it
,
were
much
grieued
,
and
aduised
with
the
Cerasuntines
,
how
the
dead
bodies
of
the
Grecians
might
be
buried
;
and
sitting
without
the
place
of
Armes
,
we
heard
vpon
the
sudden
a
great
vprore
and
cry
,
Strike
,
strike
,
throw
,
throw
;
and
by
and
by
we
might
see
a
great
number
running
together
,
some
hauing
stones
in
their
hands
,
other
some
stooping
to
take
vp
stones
.
The
Cerasuntines
,
which
saw
what
was
done
in
their
Citie
,
for
feare
fled
to
their
ships
.
There
were
also
amongst
vs
,
which
were
not
without
feare
.
I
went
out
and
asked
,
what
the
matter
meant
.
Some
knew
nothing
,
and
yet
had
stones
in
their
hands
.
At
last
I
hit
vpon
one
that
knew
,
who
told
me
that
the
Commissaries
for
victuall
had
infinitely
abused
the
Armie
.
In
this
meane
time
one
had
spied
Zelarchus
,
a
Commissarie
,
going
toward
the
Sea
,
and
presently
cast
out
a
great
cry
.
The
other
as
soone
as
they
heard
it
,
ran
against
him
,
as
if
a
wilde
Boare
,
or
Hart
had
presented
himselfe
.
The
Cerasuntines
,
when
they
saw
them
runne
,
imagining
they
were
bent
against
them
,
tooke
th●mselues
to
their
heeles
and
tumbled
into
the
Sea
.
Many
Grecians
did
the
like
,
and
as
many
as
could
not
swim
,
were
drowned
.
Now
what
thinke
you
of
these
men
?
None
of
them
committed
any
offence
,
but
feared
that
a
madnesse
had
fallen
vpon
vs
,
as
it
vseth
vpon
dogs
.
If
therefore
these
things
shall
be
so
caried
,
see
in
what
case
our
Armie
will
be
.
First
,
the
whole
body
will
not
be
Masters
to
make
warre
or
peace
with
whom
they
thinke
meet
,
but
euery
priuate
man
that
will
,
may
leade
an
Armie
whither
and
against
whom
he
list
.
Then
in
case
Ambassadors
come
to
vs
for
peace
,
or
for
ought
else
,
they
that
will
,
may
by
killing
them
,
debarre
you
from
hearing
what
message
they
bring
.
Besides
,
what
respect
can
your
Commanders
haue
amongst
you
,
when
whosoeuer
chooseth
himselfe
Coronell
,
and
list
to
say
,
Throw
▪
throw
,
shall
be
able
to
put
to
death
,
whom
hee
pleaseth
,
Commanders
or
priuate
men
,
and
that
vncondemned
,
especially
hauing
followers
to
execute
his
commands
,
as
it
now
came
to
passe
?
Further
consider
,
I
pray
,
what
these
Coronels
of
their
owne
choice
haue
done
for
you
.
Zelarchus
the
Commissarie
,
if
he
haue
wronged
you
,
is
by
shipping
escaped
without
punishment
;
if
he
haue
not
wronged
you
,
he
is
fled
from
the
Armie
fearing
he
should
suffer
death
iniuriously
,
and
without
sentence
or
iudgement
.
And
the
stoners
of
the
Ambassadors
what
haue
they
done
?
Forsooth
they
haue
brought
to
passe
,
that
you
alone
of
all
Grecians
can
haue
no
safe
being
at
Cerasunt
,
vnlesse
you
come
thither
by
force
.
As
for
the
dead
bodies
,
which
heretofore
were
offred
to
buriall
by
those
that
slew
them
,
now
we
cannot
safely
burie
them
with
a
Herald
.
For
who
will
goe
as
a
Herald
,
After
this
all
standing
vp
said
with
one
consent
,
that
the
authors
of
these
facts
were
to
be
punished
,
and
that
order
was
to
be
taken
to
preuent
the
like
offences
in
future
time
,
and
whosoeuer
committed
them
,
was
to
be
adiudged
to
death
;
and
that
the
Coronels
should
appoint
Iudges
,
who
should
haue
authoritie
to
call
in
question
all
offences
since
the
death
of
Cyrus
.
The
Captaines
were
chosen
to
be
Iudges
.
I
confesse
(
ô
Souldiers
)
I
strooke
many
for
forsaking
their
Ranks
.
It
may
suffice
them
,
that
they
owe
their
safetie
to
you
,
who
alwaies
marched
,
and
when
need
was
,
fought
in
order
.
They
forsooth
would
be
in
better
case
than
you
,
and
leauing
their
place
run
before
to
harrie
and
spoile
at
their
pleasure
.
If
all
had
done
the
like
,
we
had
all
been
lost
and
cast
away
long
ere
this
.
I
must
confesse
,
I
once
beat
one
and
forced
him
to
march
,
who
for
slouth
would
not
stand
vp
,
but
would
needs
betray
himselfe
to
the
enemie
.
For
on
a
time
after
I
my selfe
had
in
the
extremitie
of
Winter
a
good
while
set
me
downe
on
the
ground
▪
staying
for
some
,
that
had
not
trussed
vp
their
baggage
,
I
found
my selfe
scarce
able
to
rise
,
scarce
able
to
stretch
out
my
legs
.
Taking
therefore
herein
experience
of
my selfe
,
I
no
sooner
perceiued
other
men
to
squat
downe
,
and
giue
themselues
to
slouth
,
but
I
forced
them
to
arise
,
and
to
march
on
.
For
I
p●●ceiued
,
that
motion
and
manly
stirring
engend●ed
war●●h
,
and
nimblenesse
in
the
ioints
,
where
sitting
still
on
the
other
side
,
and
quietnesse
congealed
the
blood
,
and
endangered
the
toes
to
rot
off
,
which
many
of
you
know
to
be
true
by
experience
in
your selues
.
Another
that
res●●d
on
the
ground
and
loitered
behinde
,
and
both
hindered
you
of
the
V●●●
,
and
vs
of
the
Reare
to
march
on
,
I
strooke
with
my
fist
,
l●●t
the
ene●●e
should
haue
strooken
him
with
his
Speare
.
Now
they
are
in
sa●et●e
they
may
call
me
to
answer
for
any
thing
,
wherein
I
haue
wronged
them
.
But
if
they
had
fallen
into
the
enemies
hands
,
what
remedie
could
they
haue
had
of
their
sufferings
,
were
they
neuer
so
grieuous
?
My
speech
is
simple
.
For
if
I
haue
punished
any
for
his
owne
good
,
I
desire
to
vndergoe
the
same
sentence
,
that
Fathers
should
for
their
Children
,
Masters
for
their
Schollers
.
Physitians
also
both
burne
,
and
cut
,
for
the
health
of
their
Patients
.
But
if
you
conceiue
,
that
all
these
things
proceeded
from
me
out
of
a
wanton
humour
,
consider
,
I
pray
,
that
,
by
the
helpe
of
the
gods
,
I
dare
doe
more
now
than
at
that
time
,
and
that
I
drinke
more
Wine
now
,
than
I
did
then
.
For
I
see
,
you
are
now
in
faire
weather
;
but
when
there
is
a
storme
,
and
the
Sea
goeth
high
,
marke
you
not
that
the
Master
of
the
Ship
in
the
Prowe
,
the
steeres-man
in
the
Poupe
are
angry
with
the
passengers
for
the
lest
stirring
in
the
world
?
For
small
errors
at
that
time
ouerthrow
all
.
But
your selues
also
deemed
,
that
in
beating
these
men
,
I
swarued
not
from
right
.
For
you
stood
not
with
Beanes
,
but
with
weapons
in
your
hands
,
After
this
the
assembly
broke
vp
,
and
repeated
in
minde
,
what
had
passed
,
and
all
things
came
to
a
faire
end
.
Finis
Libri
Quinti
.
THE
SIXTH
BOOKE
OF
THE
HISTORIE
OF
XENOPHON
,
TOVCHING
THE
Ascent
of
CYRVS
the
younger
,
out
of
Asia
the
Lesse
,
into
the
Higher
COVNTREYS
.
FRom
hence-forth
during
their
aboad
there
,
some
eat
and
liued
of
things
,
that
were
brought
to
the
Market
,
other
of
the
spoile
they
purchased
out
of
Paphlagonia
.
The
Paphlagonians
likewise
sought
tricks
and
aduantages
against
the
straglers
,
and
by
night
attempted
to
entrappe
and
molest
them
,
who
lodged
any
distance
from
the
Campe
.
By
reason
whereof
they
grew
into
greater
enmitie
one
against
another
.
But
Corylas
,
who
at
that
time
had
the
rule
of
Paphlagonia
sent
to
the
Grecians
Embassadors
,
who
were
furnished
with
faire
Horse
and
braue
apparell
.
They
deliuered
,
that
Corylas
neither
desired
to
wrong
the
Grecians
,
nor
yet
to
be
wronged
by
them
.
The
Coronels
answered
,
they
would
propound
the
matter
to
the
assembly
,
but
they
feasted
them
,
and
inuited
such
as
they
thought
fit
to
beare
them
companie
;
and
sacrificing
some
of
the
Oxen
taken
in
prey
,
and
other
beasts
,
they
made
them
a
plentifull
banket
sitting
vpon
Carpets
,
and
drinking
out
of
horne-Cups
,
which
they
found
in
the
Countrey
.
After
the
healths
were
drunke
and
the
Paean
sung
,
the
Thracians
first
arose
and
danced
in
Armes
to
the
Flute
,
and
capred
aloft
&
nimbly
,
Lacedemonian
.
Athenaeus
630.
E.
and
the
Paphlagonians
asked
whether
women
also
were
their
companions
in
fight
.
To
whom
answer
was
made
,
that
the
women
were
they
,
who
beat
the
King
of
Persia
out
of
the
Grecian
Campe
.
This
was
the
end
of
that
nights
sport
.
The
next
day
they
brought
the
Ambassadours
to
the
Army
:
and
the
Souldiers
decreed
,
that
the
Paphlagonians
should
doe
them
no
wrong
,
nor
they
any
to
the
Paphlagonians
:
So
the
Ambassadours
departed
.
The
Grecians
,
when
they
imagined
they
had
sufficient
store
of
shipping
gathered
together
,
I
(
ô
Souldiers
)
if
I
be
a
man
,
haue
cause
to
be
glad
of
this
honour
,
which
you
offer
vnto
me
,
and
to
giue
you
thankes
,
and
to
pray
to
God
,
that
any
occasion
may
be
ministred
,
whereby
I
may
be
able
to
doe
you
seruice
.
But
to
chuse
me
your
Generall
,
a
Lacedemonian
being
present
,
seemeth
neither
for
your
,
nor
yet
for
mine
owne
auaile
;
in
as
much
as
,
if
hereafter
you
shall
happen
to
stand
in
need
of
them
,
you
will
be
disappointed
of
your
hopes
that
way
.
Besides
,
I
thinke
it
not
safe
for
my selfe
to
enter
into
that
course
;
for
I
doe
see
,
that
they
neuer
gaue
ouer
the
warre
against
my
Countrey
,
vntill
they
made
the
whole
Citie
confesse
,
that
the
Lacedemonians
were
also
their
Commanders
;
after
which
confession
,
they
laid
downe
their
Armes
,
and
proceeded
no
further
in
besieging
the
Citie
.
If
then
these
things
being
so
,
I
shall
seeme
,
as
much
as
in
me
lieth
,
to
weaken
their
authoritie
,
I
cannot
be
ignorant
,
how
quickly
I
shall
be
brought
to
acknowledge
mine
errour
.
And
whereas
you
are
of
opinion
,
that
lesse
sedition
and
disobedience
will
grow
out
of
the
command
of
one
,
than
of
many
,
vnderstand
from
me
,
that
whomsoeuer
you
choose
you
shall
not
finde
me
discontent
or
disobedient
.
For
I
hold
it
for
a
generall
maxime
in
warre
,
that
whosoeuer
he
be
,
which
behaueth
himselfe
seditiously
against
his
Commander
,
behaueth
himselfe
seditiously
against
his
owne
safetie
.
But
in
case
you
chuse
me
,
I
shall
not
maruell
,
if
a
discontent
arise
in
some
mindes
both
against
you
,
and
against
my selfe
.
After
Xenophon
had
ended
his
speech
,
many
more
arose
,
and
said
,
that
he
ought
not
to
refuse
the
Generals
place
;
And
Agasias
the
Stymphalian
replied
,
that
it
was
a
thing
ridiculous
,
that
the
Lacedemonians
should
not
as
well
be
angry
,
if
at
a
Feast
another
than
a
Lacedemonian
were
by
the
Guests
chosen
for
their
Gouernour
.
For
if
things
run
in
this
course
,
quoth
he
,
it
shall
be
vnlawfull
for
vs
to
be
Captaines
,
because
we
are
Arcadians
.
Here
a
murmur
arose
thorow
the
whole
assembly
approuing
the
speech
of
Agasias
.
Xenophon
perceiuing
,
that
more
was
to
be
said
,
added
thus
much
:
That
you
may
(
ô
Souldiers
)
vnderstand
the
depth
of
this
businesse
,
I
sweare
vnto
you
by
all
the
gods
and
goddesses
,
that
after
I
was
informed
of
your
minds
and
inclination
,
I
by
sacrifice
enquired
,
whether
it
would
be
behouefull
for
you
to
bestow
vpon
me
,
and
me
to
accept
this
command
,
or
otherwise
;
and
the
gods
so
answered
in
the
sacrifice
,
that
it
might
easily
appeare
euen
to
a
man
of
small
skill
,
that
I
was
not
to
take
the
place
vpon
me
.
So
they
chose
Cherisophus
.
Cherisophus
being
chosen
proceeded
into
the
middest
and
spake
thus
:
You
know
(
ô
Souldiers
)
that
,
albeit
you
had
chosen
another
,
you
should
haue
found
no
opposition
in
me
.
But
it
falleth
out
well
for
Xenophon
,
that
he
is
not
chosen
.
For
Dexippus
accused
him
not
long
since
to
Anaxibius
,
all
he
could
,
my selfe
being
present
and
stopping
his
mouth
.
He
said
,
he
thought
,
that
Xenophon
had
rather
be
ioined
in
command
with
Timasion
,
who
was
a
Dardanian
,
and
one
of
Clearchus
his
Souldiers
,
than
with
him
,
who
was
a
Lacedemonian
.
But
since
you
haue
made
choise
of
me
,
quoth
he
,
I
also
will
endeuour
to
doe
you
all
the
seruice
I
can
.
And
you
against
the
morning
euerie
man
so
order
his
affaires
,
that
he
may
be
readie
to
saile
away
,
if
the
wind
be
faire
.
Our
iourney
shall
be
to
Heraclea
;
and
being
there
we
will
aduise
,
what
is
further
to
be
done
.
The
next
day
they
set
saile
with
a
faire
wind
,
and
ran
along
the
Coast
by
the
space
of
two
daies
following
.
In
sailing
they
came
by
Iasons
shore
,
where
the
Ship
Argo
is
said
to
haue
anchored
,
and
by
the
mouthes
of
these
Riuers
;
Acherousian
Cherronesus
.
There
Hercules
is
reported
to
haue
descended
to
the
dog
Cerberus
,
of
which
descent
the
markes
are
yet
shewen
,
the
depth
of
the
place
being
more
than
two
Furlongs
.
Achaean
,
Callimachus
the
Parrhasian
,
and
Agasias
the
Stymphaliaen
,
who
going
to
the
Citie
deliuered
the
decree
of
the
Army
;
and
Lycon
is
reported
to
haue
vsed
threatning
words
,
if
things
were
not
performed
according
to
the
desire
of
the
Army
.
The
Heracleans
hearing
the
propositions
,
answered
,
they
would
consider
;
and
presently
they
gathered
their
goods
out
of
the
fields
,
and
appointed
a
market
within
the
Citie
,
and
the
gates
were
shut
,
and
armes
seene
vpon
the
walles
.
The
authors
of
these
troubles
accused
the
Coronels
,
as
though
they
were
cause
of
the
ill
successe
.
Their
words
were
,
that
it
was
a
shame
,
that
one
Athenian
should
haue
command
ouer
the
Peloponesians
and
Lacedemonians
,
The
Army
diuided
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Euery
one
had
450
vnder
his
command
.
This
was
decreed
;
and
those
Arcadians
and
Achaeans
,
that
were
vnder
the
command
of
Cherisophus
,
forsaking
him
and
Xenophon
,
associated
themselues
to
the
rest
,
and
they
all
chose
ten
Coronels
out
of
their
owne
bodie
,
and
decreed
,
that
whatsoeuer
the
plurality
of
voices
of
these
ten
should
resolue
vpon
,
it
should
stand
good
and
effectuall
,
and
be
put
in
execution
.
The
Generall-ship
therefore
of
Cherisophus
was
dissolued
within
six
or
seuen
daies
,
after
he
was
chosen
.
Xenophon
notwithstanding
would
haue
proceeded
in
the
iourney
with
them
,
thinking
it
more
safe
so
to
doe
,
than
to
trauell
euery
man
by
himselfe
alone
:
But
Neon
vnderstanding
by
Cherisophus
,
that
Cleander
,
the
Gouernour
of
Bizantium
,
was
determined
with
his
Gallies
to
make
ouer
to
the
Hauen
of
Calpe
,
perswaded
him
to
keepe
his
owne
forces
by
him
,
and
to
iourney
apart
;
and
further
,
counselled
him
to
conceale
it
from
the
rest
,
to
the
end
,
that
they
and
their
Souldiers
alone
might
be
transported
in
the
Gallies
;
and
Cherisophus
partly
discontented
with
that
,
which
had
passed
,
and
partly
out
of
a
hatred
against
the
Army
,
gaue
him
liberty
to
doe
,
as
he
thought
best
.
From
that
time
forward
Xenophon
sought
to
saile
away
,
Clearchus
:
Xenophon
1700.
armed
,
and
300.
Peltasts
,
and
he
alone
had
horse
amounting
to
the
number
of
fortie
.
The
Arcadians
getting
shipping
of
the
Heracleans
,
sailed
away
first
,
of
purpose
,
that
falling
suddenly
vpon
the
Bithinians
,
they
might
preuent
the
rest
,
and
make
the
greatest
prey
.
They
landed
at
the
Hauen
Calpe
,
Thrace
.
Cherisophus
marched
on
foot
thorow
the
Countrey
,
beginning
at
Heraclea
,
and
as
soone
as
he
entred
into
Thrace
,
he
led
along
by
the
Sea-coast
,
for
he
was
now
sicke
.
Xenophon
taking
shipping
,
landed
in
the
confines
of
Thrace
,
and
of
the
Heraclean
Countrey
,
and
marched
thorow
the
middest
of
the
Land
.
Thus
therefore
haue
we
declared
,
in
what
manner
the
command
of
Cherisophus
was
wholy
dissolued
,
&
the
army
of
the
Grecians
distracted
into
parcells
.
The
seuerall
marches
of
the
army
being
seue●ed
.
Of
the
Arcadians
.
The
course
,
that
euery
one
held
was
this
.
The
Arcadians
after
they
had
landed
by
night
at
the
Hauen
of
Calpe
,
aduanced
forthwith
to
the
next
villages
situate
about
fiftie
Furlongs
from
the
Sea
:
When
day-light
appeared
,
euery
Coronell
led
his
Diuision
or
Regiment
to
a
village
.
If
the
village
seemed
any
thing
great
,
the
Coronels
allotted
two
Diuisions
to
it
.
They
agreed
also
vpon
a
hill
,
to
which
they
were
all
to
retire
,
and
because
they
fell
vpon
the
Country
suddenly
,
they
tooke
many
prisoners
,
and
brought
in
many
sheepe
.
The
Thracians
,
that
escaped
,
assembled
together
,
and
many
being
taken
prisoners
shifted
out
of
the
Grecians
hands
,
because
they
were
Peltasts
,
the
Grecians
armed
;
and
being
now
gathered
together
in
good
number
,
they
first
charged
the
Diuision
of
Smicretes
,
Barbarians
,
Smicretes
,
and
his
whole
band
were
slaine
.
Another
regiment
of
one
of
the
ten
Coronels
,
whose
name
was
Hegesa●der
,
had
but
8.
only
left
aliue
by
the
Barbarians
,
which
8.
were
saued
,
with
Hegesander
himselfe
.
The
rest
of
the
Captains
came
to
the
hill
,
some
with
much
ado
,
some
easily
.
The
Thracians
encouraged
with
this
good
hand
sell
,
made
outcries
one
to
another
,
&
flocked
together
in
multitudes
by
night
,
&
as
soone
as
it
was
day
,
they
ordered
many
horse
and
Pel●asts
in
a
circle
about
the
hill
,
where
the
Grecians
encamped
;
and
still
more
and
more
came
running
together
,
and
without
danger
to
themselues
,
charged
the
Grecian
armed
(
for
the
Grecians
had
neither
Archer
,
nor
Darter
,
Arcadians
.
Cherisophus
marching
forward
along
the
Sea
coast
without
danger
,
The
Arcadians
(
O
Souldiers
)
are
some
of
them
slaine
,
He
sent
out
likewise
some
of
the
best
footmen
of
his
light-armed
toward
the
flanks
of
the
Armie
,
and
the
tops
of
the
hils
,
willing
them
to
giue
intelligence
of
what
they
saw
.
Hee
commanded
also
to
set
fire
vpon
all
,
that
was
apt
to
take
fire
.
For
,
quoth
he
,
we
cannot
escape
any
way
,
the
distance
backe
againe
to
Heraclea
being
great
,
and
the
march
forward
to
Chrysopolis
great
,
and
the
enemie
neere
at
hand
.
The
way
is
shortest
to
the
Hauen
of
Calpe
,
whither
we
imagine
that
Cherisophus
is
come
,
at
least
if
he
be
in
safety
.
And
yet
are
we
not
to
hope
for
any
shipping
to
carry
vs
from
thence
,
and
resting
there
wee
shall
not
finde
so
much
as
a
daies
prouision
.
Now
in
case
those
,
that
are
besieged
were
lost
,
it
would
be
more
dangerous
for
vs
to
hazard
with
Cherisophus
his
Souldiers
alone
.
But
if
they
be
succoured
,
and
freed
from
this
danger
,
and
all
of
vs
assembled
together
,
we
shall
in
common
dispute
our
safety
the
better
.
You
are
therefore
to
march
on
with
resolution
,
either
now
honourably
to
die
,
or
else
to
performe
a
most
noble
act
,
and
worthy
of
eternall
memory
,
namely
,
to
saue
so
great
a
number
of
Grecians
,
that
are
in
ieopardy
to
be
cast
away
.
And
it
may
be
,
that
God
hath
so
disposed
of
this
businesse
,
to
humble
these
high-minded
men
,
wise
in
their
owne
conceits
,
and
to
honour
vs
,
who
in
all
our
actions
take
our
beginnings
from
the
gods
.
You
are
then
to
follow
your
Leaders
,
and
to
giue
heed
to
that
which
is
commanded
you
.
Hauing
said
thus
much
he
led
on
.
The
horsemen
dispersing
themselues
as
much
as
was
conuenient
,
There
are
two
Thraces
,
one
in
Europ●
,
the
other
in
Asia
.
In
European
Thrace
standeth
Constantinople
,
in
the
other
was
the
Hauen
of
Calpe
.
The
barbarous
cruelty
of
the
Thra●tans
.
A
description
of
Calpe
.
Thrace
it selfe
beginneth
from
the
mouth
of
Pontus
,
and
stretcheth
to
Heraclea
on
the
right
hand
as
a
man
saileth
to
Pontus
.
The
distance
betwixt
Byz●●tium
and
Heraclea
is
as
much
,
as
a
Galley
can
fetch
vp
with
oares
in
a
very
long
day
.
In
the
way
there
is
no
friend
or
Grecian
City
,
but
Thraci●ns
or
Bithynians
alone
,
who
,
if
they
lay
hands
vpon
any
Grecian
either
cas●
ashore
by
shipwracke
,
or
comming
thither
by
other
occasion
,
are
reported
to
vse
them
with
all
despight
and
villany
.
The
Hauen
of
Calpe
lieth
in
the
mid-way
to
them
that
saile
from
Heraclea
to
Byzantium
,
or
contrariwise
from
Byzantium
to
Her●clea
.
The
land
beareth
out
into
the
Sea
;
and
that
part
,
which
stretcheth
into
the
Sea
,
is
a
craggy
rocke
,
o●
the
height
(
where
it
is
least
)
of
20
fathoms
.
The
necke
of
land
,
that
ioyneth
to
the
Continent
,
It
seemeth
(
fellow
Souldiers
)
that
the
rest
of
our
iourney
is
to
be
performed
by
Land
,
in
regard
we
haue
no
shipping
;
and
hauing
likewise
no
prouision
,
necessitie
forceth
vs
to
be
readie
to
march
.
We
therefore
the
Coronels
will
offer
sacrifice
;
As
for
you
,
you
are
,
if
euer
heretofore
,
to
prepare
your selues
to
fight
,
inasmuch
as
the
enemie
hath
gathered
courage
.
So
the
Coronels
sacrificed
taking
to
them
Arexion
the
Arcadian
Southsaier
.
For
Silanus
the
Ambraciote
had
stollen
away
in
a
Ship
of
Heraclea
,
which
he
hired
.
They
sacrificed
about
their
departure
,
but
the
entrailes
of
the
sacrifice
were
not
faire
.
They
stayed
therefore
that
day
.
There
were
some
,
that
durst
giue
out
,
that
Xenophon
intending
to
plant
in
that
place
,
had
perswaded
the
Southsaier
to
say
,
that
the
sacrifice
allowed
not
of
their
departure
.
Hereupon
Xenophon
caused
Proclamation
to
be
made
,
The
sacrifices
,
as
your selues
are
eie-witnesses
,
are
not
fauourable
to
our
departure
,
and
I
see
you
are
destitute
of
victuall
,
wherefore
I
hold
it
necessarie
to
aske
counsell
by
sacrifice
about
this
matter
alone
.
Then
one
of
them
arising
,
said
:
It
is
not
without
cause
,
that
the
sacrifice
crosseth
our
departure
.
For
,
as
I
heard
of
one
,
that
by
chance
came
by
Ship
hither
yesterday
,
Cleander
the
Gouernour
of
Byzantium
,
is
about
to
crosse
ouer
to
vs
with
Ships
and
Gallies
.
Hereupon
it
seemed
good
to
all
to
remaine
in
the
place
.
But
yet
they
were
forced
by
necessitie
to
fall
out
into
the
Countrey
for
victuall
and
prouision
for
the
Campe
,
and
sacrifice
was
offered
hereabout
three
times
,
which
notwithstanding
opposed
their
going
out
.
They
came
then
to
the
Tent
of
Xenophon
and
told
him
of
their
wants
.
I
may
not
,
quoth
he
,
leade
you
out
,
vnlesse
the
sacrifice
be
fauourable
.
The
next
day
they
sacrificed
againe
,
and
because
they
were
perplexed
,
and
the
businesse
touched
all
,
well-nigh
the
whole
Armie
encircled
the
sacrifice
.
And
now
there
was
no
more
sacrifice
left
.
The
Coronels
therefore
,
albeit
they
led
not
out
the
Armie
,
yet
did
they
call
an
assembly
;
and
Xenophon
said
:
It
may
be
the
enemie
is
gathered
together
,
and
we
shall
be
driuen
to
fight
by
necessitie
.
If
therefore
leauing
our
baggage
in
this
place
of
strength
,
we
issue
out
prepared
for
fight
,
and
then
offer
sacrifice
,
perhaps
the
sacrifice
will
giue
better
allowance
.
The
Souldiers
hearing
this
cried
out
,
that
there
was
no
need
of
leading
them
out
,
but
willed
them
to
renew
the
sacrifice
with
all
speed
.
There
were
now
no
Sheepe
to
be
had
,
and
they
were
faine
to
buy
Oxen
out
of
the
Waine
to
offer
in
sacrifice
.
And
Xenophon
desired
Cleanor
the
Arcadian
to
gather
vp
his
spirits
and
be
in
a
readinesse
,
if
the
sacrifice
portended
any
good
:
but
this
sacrifice
was
also
crosse
.
Neon
was
Coronell
of
that
part
of
the
Armie
,
which
Cherisophus
commanded
.
He
,
when
he
saw
the
Souldiers
discontented
with
their
wants
,
desirous
to
gratifie
them
,
finding
an
Heraclean
,
who
affirmed
that
he
knew
Villages
at
hand
,
from
whence
prouision
might
be
had
,
made
proclamation
,
that
euerie
one
,
that
would
,
might
goe
abroad
for
prouision
,
My
companions
,
you
know
,
Hereupon
the
Captaines
willed
him
to
lead
on
,
and
no
man
gainsaid
it
.
Leading
on
,
Remember
(
ô
Souldiers
)
what
battels
you
haue
,
by
the
helpe
of
the
gods
,
gained
together
against
your
enemies
,
and
what
they
haue
suffered
,
that
fled
from
the
enemy
,
and
withall
call
to
minde
,
that
you
are
at
the
gates
of
Greece
.
Follow
Hercules
your
guide
,
and
exhort
one
another
by
name
.
It
will
be
a
pleasure
for
him
,
that
doth
or
speaketh
any
thing
worthy
of
a
braue
minde
,
to
leaue
a
memorie
of
his
worth
in
any
place
,
where
hee
will
.
These
words
he
spake
riding
in
haste
along
the
Front
;
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
The
demeaning
of
their
pikes
.
Their
Peltasts
repulsed
.
and
no
man
to
giue
chase
running
.
Then
was
the
word
giuen
,
Iupiter
the
sauiour
and
Hercules
the
guide
.
The
enemy
kept
his
ground
,
trusting
to
the
strength
of
the
place
.
When
they
came
neere
one
to
another
the
Grecian
Peltasts
giuing
a
shout
,
ran
forth
against
the
enemy
without
command
,
and
were
encountred
and
put
to
flight
by
the
Bithynian
horse
and
foot
.
But
when
the
Phalange
of
the
armed
marching
speedily
came
vp
,
and
the
trumpet
sounded
,
and
they
sang
the
Paean
,
and
afterward
gaue
a
shout
,
and
charged
their
pikes
,
He
laieth
hold
vpon
a
Souldier
.
Rescous
of
the
Souldier
.
whom
Agasias
by
chance
comming
that
way
,
rescued
,
because
he
was
one
of
his
company
.
The
rest
of
the
Souldiers
,
that
were
present
,
cast
stones
at
Dexippus
,
calling
him
Traitor
.
Many
Mariners
of
the
Gallies
,
being
affrighted
,
ranne
to
the
Sea
;
and
Cleander
himselfe
shifted
away
.
Cleander
:
Xenophon
thought
the
businesse
to
be
of
no
meane
consequence
,
and
arising
spake
thus
:
Fellow
Souldiers
,
The
Souldiers
contemne
Cleander
.
Xenophons
spee●h
to
the
contrary
.
if
Cleander
departing
hence
,
carry
that
minde
toward
vs
,
which
hee
professeth
,
I
take
it
to
be
a
matter
not
to
be
contemned
.
For
now
the
Grecian
Cities
are
at
hand
,
and
the
Lacedemonians
are
rulers
of
Greece
;
and
euery
Lacedemonian
of
power
sufficient
to
worke
any
City
to
what
he
list
.
If
therefore
he
first
shut
vs
out
of
Byzantium
,
and
signifie
to
the
rest
of
the
Gouernours
not
to
receiue
vs
into
their
Cities
,
as
being
disobedient
to
the
Lacedemonians
,
and
notto
be
gouerned
,
this
rumor
will
come
to
the
eares
of
Anaxibius
the
Admirall
,
so
that
it
will
be
hard
for
vs
either
to
stay
here
,
or
to
saile
away
.
For
at
this
time
the
Lacedemonians
haue
the
Souereigntie
of
Greece
,
both
by
Sea
and
Land
.
It
is
not
fit
therefore
,
that
for
one
or
two
mens
sakes
,
we
the
rest
be
debarred
from
Greece
,
but
we
are
rather
to
obey
,
whatsoeuer
they
command
.
For
our
Cities
,
from
whence
euery
one
of
vs
is
,
are
vnder
their
subiection
.
I
therefore
(
for
I
vnderstand
that
Dexippus
informeth
Cleander
,
that
Agasias
would
not
haue
done
this
,
vnlesse
I
had
bid
him
)
I
,
I
say
,
cleare
both
you
,
and
Agasias
of
this
fault
,
if
Agasias
will
say
,
that
I
am
the
cause
thereof
,
and
I
condemne
my selfe
,
and
will
willingly
vndergoe
all
extremitie
of
punishment
,
if
it
may
appeare
that
I
were
the
beginner
either
of
casting
of
stones
,
or
of
any
other
violence
.
I
say
further
,
if
any
man
else
be
accused
by
Cleander
,
he
ought
,
whosoeuer
he
be
,
to
yeeld
himselfe
to
Cleanders
iudgement
.
So
shall
you
be
free
from
all
fault
.
But
as
matters
goe
now
,
it
will
be
hard
,
if
thinking
to
receiue
praise
and
honour
in
Greece
,
we
in
stead
thereof
shall
not
be
in
the
case
that
other
are
,
but
be
excluded
out
of
all
Grecian
Cities
.
After
this
Agasias
stood
vp
and
said
:
I
(
ô
Souldiers
)
sweare
by
the
gods
and
goddesses
,
that
neither
Xenophon
,
nor
any
other
willed
mee
to
take
away
the
man
;
but
when
I
saw
an
honest
and
worthy
Souldier
of
mine
led
away
by
Dexippus
,
whose
traiterous
dealing
toward
you
,
you
well
know
,
I
thought
it
a
matter
not
to
be
suffered
.
And
albeit
,
I
confesse
,
that
I
rescued
him
,
yet
would
I
not
,
that
you
should
deliuer
me
vp
.
I
my selfe
,
as
Xenophon
aduiseth
,
will
yeeld
my selfe
into
the
hands
of
Cleander
,
to
vse
me
at
his
discretion
.
Neither
would
I
for
this
cause
haue
you
make
warre
with
the
Lacedemonians
,
nor
haue
any
man
impeached
to
saue
himselfe
,
where
he
list
.
Only
I
desire
you
to
make
choice
of
some
of
your selues
to
send
with
me
to
Cleander
,
who
in
case
I
omit
any
thing
,
may
speake
and
doe
,
what
they
thinke
auaileable
in
my
behalfe
.
The
Army
gaue
him
leaue
to
choose
whom
he
thought
good
,
The
Army
(
O
Cleander
)
hath
sent
vs
vnto
you
,
and
desire
you
,
if
you
thinke
them
all
guilty
,
to
vse
your
owne
iudgement
in
punishing
all
:
if
one
or
two
,
they
are
willing
to
put
them
into
your
hands
to
be
iudged
by
you
.
If
therefore
you
lay
the
fault
vpon
any
of
vs
,
we
here
present
our selues
vnto
you
;
if
vpon
any
man
else
,
we
desire
you
to
name
him
.
For
no
man
shall
be
with-held
from
you
,
that
will
acknowledge
our
command
.
Then
Agasias
stepped
forth
and
said
:
Then
he
that
was
rescued
,
spake
thus
:
Lest
you
should
thinke
(
Cleander
)
that
I
was
apprehended
as
an
offender
,
I
neither
strooke
any
man
,
nor
threw
stone
;
I
said
only
that
the
sheepe
appertained
to
the
generalitie
.
For
it
was
decreed
,
that
when
the
Armie
went
abroad
,
all
boot
taken
in
priuate
should
be
deliuered
vp
to
the
vse
of
the
generalitie
.
This
was
all
I
spake
,
and
for
this
Dexippus
laid
hands
on
me
,
and
would
haue
caried
me
away
,
that
all
mens
mouthes
being
stopped
,
he
might
haue
had
his
part
,
and
preserued
the
rest
for
those
,
that
contrary
to
the
decree
went
about
to
deceiue
the
Army
.
Hereunto
Cleander
answered
:
Seeing
you
are
so
acute
and
witty
,
stay
you
here
also
,
that
we
may
aduise
what
to
doe
with
you
.
So
went
Cleander
to
dinner
;
but
Xenophon
assembling
the
Army
,
counselled
them
to
send
to
Cleander
,
and
to
make
intercession
for
the
prisoners
.
Hereupon
they
decreed
,
that
the
Coronels
,
and
Captaines
,
and
Dracontius
the
Lacedemonian
,
and
other
that
were
fit
,
You
haue
(
O
Cleander
)
in
safe
keeping
the
men
,
you
desired
,
and
the
Army
hath
referred
vnto
you
,
not
only
to
dispose
of
the
prisoners
,
as
you
please
,
but
also
of
themselues
in
generall
.
Now
they
desire
and
intreat
you
,
to
bestow
the
men
vpon
them
,
and
not
to
put
them
to
death
,
because
in
former
times
they
haue
done
good
seruice
to
the
Army
.
Obtaining
this
fauour
at
your
hands
,
they
promise
in
regard
thereof
,
if
it
shall
please
you
to
accept
the
command
ouer
them
,
to
make
manifest
,
how
modest
they
are
,
and
how
dutifull
to
their
Generall
,
and
(
the
gods
being
propitious
)
how
fearelesse
of
the
enemy
.
Further
they
are
humble
suiters
,
that
you
would
be
pleased
to
come
vnto
them
,
and
to
make
proofe
of
Dexippus
,
and
of
them
,
and
of
other
,
whether
shall
be
most
respectiue
and
dutifull
to
their
Commanders
:
Cleander
hearing
this
,
said
he
would
streight-waies
giue
them
answer
;
and
I
release
vnto
you
,
quoth
he
,
the
men
that
are
in
durance
,
The
Coronels
much
extolled
him
for
his
bounty
,
The
sacrifices
allow
not
,
that
I
should
be
your
Generall
.
Yet
be
not
you
therefore
out
of
comfort
.
For
,
as
it
seemeth
,
you
are
the
men
that
are
appointed
to
leade
the
Armie
home
.
Goe
forward
.
When
you
come
where
we
haue
to
doe
,
we
will
entertaine
you
in
the
best
manner
we
can
.
Hereupon
the
Souldiers
offered
him
the
sheepe
that
pertained
to
the
generalitie
,
which
he
receiued
and
gaue
backe
againe
.
So
he
sailed
away
.
But
the
Souldiers
diuiding
amongst
themselues
the
corne
,
and
other
things
,
which
they
had
gathered
together
,
marched
on
thorow
the
countrey
of
Bithynia
.
And
when
they
found
nothing
in
their
right
way
(
for
they
held
on
as
if
the
countrey
had
beene
friend
)
it
seemed
good
to
returne
backe
a
day
and
nights
iourney
.
Doing
this
they
tooke
many
slaues
and
sheepe
;
and
the
eighth
day
came
to
Chrysopolis
a
Citie
in
the
country
of
Chalcedon
,
and
staied
there
seuen
dayes
selling
their
spoile
.
Finis
Libri
Sexti
.
THE
SEVENTH
BOOKE
OF
THE
HISTORIE
OF
XENOPHON
,
TOVCHING
THE
Ascent
of
CYRVS
the
younger
,
out
of
Asia
the
Lesse
,
into
the
Higher
COVNTREYS
.
WHat
the
Grecians
did
in
their
Ascent
with
Cyrus
vntill
the
battell
,
and
what
,
after
Cyrus
was
slaine
,
in
their
iourney
till
they
came
into
Pontus
,
and
what
marching
on
Foot
,
and
sailing
out
of
Pontus
,
till
they
had
passed
the
mouth
of
Pontus
,
and
came
to
Chrysopolis
in
Asia
,
is
described
in
the
former
discourse
.
After
this
Pharnabazus
fearing
that
the
Armie
would
inuade
his
gouernment
sent
to
Anaxibius
the
Admirall
(
who
then
happened
to
be
at
Byzantium
)
and
desired
him
to
transport
it
out
of
Asia
,
Byzantium
.
Anaxibius
gaue
them
not
pay
according
to
his
promise
,
I
maruell
not
(
ô
Souldiers
)
that
you
are
angry
,
&
thinke
you
haue
cause
of
discontent
in
regard
of
the
deceit
,
that
is
vsed
towards
you
.
But
if
we
giue
reines
to
our
anger
,
and
seeke
reuenge
vpon
the
Lacedemonians
,
that
are
present
,
and
put
the
Citie
,
that
is
blamelesse
,
to
sacke
,
cast
in
your
mindes
,
what
will
be
the
issue
.
And
what
kinde
of
war
this
will
be
,
they
may
iudge
,
that
haue
seene
,
and
remember
the
euents
of
things
lately
passed
.
For
we
,
the
Athenians
,
entred
into
war
against
the
Lacedemonians
,
and
their
Allie●
,
being
owners
of
no
lesse
,
than
foure
hundred
Gallies
,
which
were
in
part
abroad
,
in
part
in
our
Arsenall
.
And
albeit
that
the
Citie
had
much
riches
,
Bizantium
.
Cleander
came
vnto
him
:
With
much
adoe
,
quoth
he
,
I
haue
obtained
that
which
you
desire
.
For
Anaxibius
said
:
it
would
not
sute
well
,
that
Xenophon
should
be
within
the
walls
,
and
the
Armie
without
so
neere
to
the
Citie
;
Cleander
.
Cyrotades
found
no
good
successe
in
his
sacrifice
the
first
day
,
nor
did
he
distribute
any
thing
to
the
Souldiers
.
The
next
day
he
brought
the
beast
to
the
Altar
,
and
stood
crowned
,
as
though
he
meant
to
sacrifice
.
Timasion
the
Dardanian
,
and
Neon
the
Asinaean
,
and
Cleanor
the
Orchomenian
told
Cyrotades
,
it
would
be
in
vaine
to
sacrifice
in
hope
to
be
Generall
of
the
Armie
,
vnlesse
he
gaue
prouision
to
maintaine
them
.
He
bid
,
that
the
prouision
should
be
diuided
amongst
them
;
Cyrotades
his
prouision
too
scant
.
He
renounceth
his
command
.
The
Coronels
of
diuers
mindes
.
when
he
could
not
furnish
out
so
much
as
would
serue
euery
Souldier
for
one
dayes
prouision
,
he
tooke
his
sacrifice
with
him
,
and
renounced
the
Generals
place
.
Neon
the
Asinaean
,
and
Phryniscus
the
Achaian
,
and
Timasion
the
Dardanian
remained
with
the
Armie
,
and
leading
it
to
the
Thracian
villages
about
Byzantium
encamped
there
.
The
Coronels
were
diuided
amongst
themselues
,
Cleanor
and
Phryniscus
wishing
to
leade
the
Armie
to
Seuthes
(
for
he
had
wonne
them
,
giuing
the
one
a
horse
,
the
other
a
woman
)
Neon
to
Cherronesus
,
imagining
,
if
they
were
vnder
the
Lacedemonians
,
he
should
be
chiefe
Commander
.
Timasion
the
Dardanian
was
desirous
to
passe
it
ouer
againe
into
Asia
,
hoping
thereby
to
be
restored
to
his
countrey
,
which
the
Souldiers
likewise
desired
.
Much
time
being
spent
herein
,
many
of
the
Souldiers
selling
their
armes
in
the
countrey
thereabout
forsooke
the
Armie
,
other
dispersed
themselues
into
the
neighbour
Cities
.
Anaxibius
was
filled
with
ioy
,
hearing
that
the
Armie
went
to
wracke
.
For
that
comming
to
passe
,
he
conceiued
he
should
gratifie
Pharnabazus
.
Anaxibius
now
sailing
from
Byzantium
encountred
at
Cyzicus
Aristarchus
the
successor
of
Cleander
gouernour
of
Byzantium
.
He
told
Anaxibius
,
that
Polus
,
his
successor
in
the
Admirals
place
,
was
only
not
arriued
at
Hellespont
.
Anaxibius
willed
Aristarchus
,
if
he
found
any
of
Cyrus
his
Souldiers
at
Byzantium
,
he
should
sell
them
for
slaues
.
Clearchus
sold
none
;
nay
rather
those
that
were
sicke
,
Asia
.
Seuthes
hearing
that
Xenophon
was
come
,
sent
Medosades
by
Sea
vnto
him
,
and
intreated
him
to
bring
the
Armie
into
Thrace
,
promising
whatsoeuer
he
thought
would
tempt
him
to
giue
way
vnto
his
request
.
Perinthus
,
Neon
separating
his
Regiment
from
the
rest
of
the
Army
,
encamped
apart
,
hauing
about
800
men
.
All
the
rest
of
the
Armie
set
downe
together
hard
by
the
walls
of
Perinthus
.
Asia
.
Xenophon
told
him
,
that
it
was
the
commandement
of
Anaxibius
,
and
he
sent
him
purposely
about
this
businesse
.
Aristarchus
replied
,
that
Anaxibius
was
not
Admirall
,
and
I
,
quoth
he
,
am
Gouernour
here
;
if
I
take
any
of
you
vpon
the
Sea
,
I
will
sinke
you
.
Hauing
said
thus
much
,
he
entred
within
the
walls
of
the
Citie
.
The
next
day
he
sent
for
the
Coronels
and
Captaines
of
the
Armie
.
They
being
now
neere
the
walls
,
it
was
told
Xenophon
,
that
if
hee
went
into
the
Citie
,
Mesades
was
my
father
,
vnder
whose
gouernment
were
the
Mela●dop●ans
,
the
Thynes
,
What
then
,
quoth
Xenophon
,
can
you
giue
the
army
,
the
Captaines
and
the
Coronels
,
if
we
come
?
Speake
it
,
quoth
he
,
before
this
company
,
that
they
may
make
report
to
the
rest
of
the
army
.
He
promised
to
a
common
Souldier
a
Cyzicene
,
We
cannot
(
ô
Souldiers
)
saile
ouer
,
whether
we
would
,
by
reason
that
Aristarchus
with
his
Gallies
hindreth
vs
;
so
that
it
is
not
safe
for
vs
to
go
aboord
.
He
also
commandeth
vs
to
make
way
thorow
the
Holy
Mount
by
force
,
and
so
to
come
to
Cherronesus
:
which
if
we
do
,
he
faith
he
will
no
more
sell
vs
for
slaues
,
as
he
did
in
Bizantium
,
nor
yet
beguile
vs
,
but
will
surely
giue
vs
our
pay
;
nor
shall
we
need
to
looke
about
vs
,
as
wee
doe
now
,
being
destitute
of
necessary
prouision
.
Seuthes
promiseth
,
if
you
will
come
vnto
him
to
vse
you
kindly
.
I
would
haue
you
therefore
to
consider
,
whether
you
will
stay
here
,
and
debate
of
these
things
,
or
march
away
to
a
place
,
where
you
may
refresh
your selues
with
victualls
.
I
am
of
opinion
,
seeing
we
neither
haue
money
to
goe
to
market
,
nor
are
suffered
to
take
victuall
without
money
,
that
we
were
best
to
returne
to
the
villages
which
were
allotted
vs
,
and
hauing
there
such
things
,
as
we
want
,
All
held
vp
their
hands
.
Goe
then
,
quoth
he
,
and
presently
trusse
vp
your
baggage
,
and
when
you
are
commanded
,
follow
your
leaders
.
After
this
Xenophon
led
,
and
the
army
followed
.
And
albeit
Neon
,
and
other
from
Aristarchus
endeuoured
to
perswade
them
to
returne
,
yet
they
would
giue
no
eare
.
When
they
had
now
marched
about
thirtie
Furlongs
,
I
desire
you
(
●
Souldiers
)
to
take
entertainment
of
me
.
I
promise
euery
one
of
you
a
Cyzicene
for
his
monthly
pay
,
and
to
a
Captaine
,
and
a
Coronell
as
much
,
Many
said
,
that
Seuthes
propounded
things
not
to
be
contemned
.
For
it
was
Winter
,
and
no
man
,
though
he
would
neuer
so
faine
,
could
get
home
by
Sea
,
and
wanting
mony
to
buy
things
necessary
,
Arcadian
,
Aristos
by
name
,
a
notable
eater
.
He
not
regarding
that
which
was
cast
vnto
him
,
taking
a
loafe
of
the
bignesse
well-nigh
of
a
pecke
in
one
hand
,
and
a
peece
of
flesh
on
his
knees
,
fell
a
eating
.
Hornes
of
wine
were
carried
about
,
and
euery
man
tooke
them
.
Aristos
,
when
hee
that
filled
the
wine
came
,
and
offered
it
to
him
,
seeing
Xenophon
forbeare
eating
,
goe
,
giue
it
him
,
quoth
he
,
for
he
is
at
leasure
,
and
I
not
.
Seuthes
hearing
the
voice
,
asked
the
filler
of
wine
,
what
he
said
,
who
when
he
told
him
(
for
he
could
speake
Greeke
)
the
whole
company
fell
a
laughing
.
The
cups
now
walked
thicke
about
,
and
a
Thracian
vpon
a
white
horse
came
in
,
and
taking
a
full
horne
,
said
:
Seuthes
,
I
drinke
to
you
,
and
giue
you
this
horse
,
whose
backe
when
you
are
vpon
,
you
may
easily
take
,
whomsoeuer
you
chace
,
and
retiring
,
need
not
feare
any
enemie
.
Another
brought
in
a
boy
,
and
drinking
in
the
same
sort
,
gaue
him
to
the
King
.
Another
,
garments
for
his
wife
.
Timasion
drunke
to
him
,
and
gaue
him
a
siluer
cup
and
a
carpet
worth
ten
pound
.
G●esippus
the
Athenian
standing
vp
,
said
,
That
it
was
an
ancient
and
a
verie
good
custome
,
that
they
that
had
,
should
for
honours
sake
giue
to
the
King
;
and
the
King
to
them
,
that
had
not
.
So
should
I
,
quoth
hee
,
haue
wherewith
to
present
and
honour
the
King
.
Xenophon
doubted
with
himselfe
what
to
doe
.
For
he
was
honoured
,
sitting
in
the
next
seat
to
the
King
,
and
Heraclides
willed
the
wine-filler
to
reach
the
Horne
vnto
him
.
He
was
now
well
tippled
,
&
therefore
stood
vp
boldly
taking
the
Horne
in
his
hand
,
and
said
:
I
(
ô
Seuthes
)
giue
my selfe
vnto
you
,
and
all
these
my
Companions
,
to
be
your
faithfull
friends
:
and
I
giue
none
of
them
against
their
wils
,
but
all
so
minded
,
that
euerie
one
will
striue
to
doe
you
more
seruice
,
than
my selfe
.
And
now
they
are
here
wishing
nothing
more
,
than
to
beemploied
,
and
to
vndergoe
perill
for
your
sake
;
with
the
helpe
of
whom
(
if
the
gods
will
)
you
shall
both
recouer
and
also
enioy
your
Fathers
Kingdome
;
and
not
only
it
,
but
many
Horse
,
many
men
and
faire
women
,
whom
you
shall
not
need
to
spoile
,
and
take
from
them
,
what
they
haue
,
but
of
their
owne
●ree
will
they
will
bring
gifts
vnto
you
.
Seuthes
standing
vp
pledged
him
in
a
full
Horne
,
and
drunke
it
out
,
and
he
cast
here
and
there
the
flesh
that
was
before
him
.
After
this
the
Cerasuntines
came
in
,
who
vse
Flutes
and
Trumpets
made
of
the
raw
Hides
of
Oxen
playing
in
measure
,
as
the
vse
is
vpon
the
Instrument
called
Magade
.
Seuthes
himselfe
stood
vp
and
casting
forth
a
martiall
cry
,
Iul
Poll.
pag.
187.
lin.
12.
leaped
forward
nimbly
,
shunning
,
as
it
were
,
a
dart
,
that
seemed
to
be
cast
at
him
.
Iesters
also
came
in
.
When
the
Sun
was
now
readie
to
set
,
the
Grecians
arose
from
their
seats
,
signifying
,
it
was
time
to
dispose
the
watch
,
and
to
giue
the
word
.
Thracians
Peltasts
.
leaped
forth
with
their
drawne
swords
in
their
hands
.
The
Thracians
fled
immediatly
,
casting
,
as
their
manner
is
,
their
Targets
at
their
backs
;
but
whilest
they
climbed
ouer
the
Palizadoes
,
some
hung
by
the
Targets
,
and
were
taken
,
some
slaine
by
mistaking
the
goings
out
.
The
Grecians
followed
the
chace
.
Yet
there
were
of
the
Thynes
,
which
returning
backe
in
the
darke
,
wounded
with
darts
such
as
ran
by
a
house
that
was
on
fire
,
ayming
out
of
the
darke
against
the
light
;
and
they
wounded
Hieronymus
,
Enodias
,
and
Theagenes
,
all
Captaines
,
yet
was
no
man
slaine
.
There
were
some
that
had
their
baggage
burnt
.
Seuthes
hasted
to
rescous
,
with
the
first
seuen
horse
he
could
recouer
,
hauing
a
Thracian
Trumpeter
;
&
as
soone
as
he
perceiued
what
was
in
hand
,
he
caused
the
trumpet
to
sound
all
the
way
he
came
,
which
also
strucke
a
feare
into
the
enemies
mindes
.
When
hee
came
to
the
Grecians
,
hee
tooke
them
by
the
hands
,
and
said
,
that
he
thought
he
should
haue
found
many
more
slaine
.
Xenophon
desired
,
that
the
Hostages
might
be
deliuered
vnto
him
;
and
that
Seuthes
would
be
pleased
to
goe
with
him
against
the
mountaine
,
or
else
to
giue
him
leaue
to
goe
with
his
owne
forces
alone
.
The
next
day
Seuthes
deliuered
the
Hostages
to
Xenophon
being
old
men
,
and
the
best
,
as
it
was
said
,
of
the
Mountainers
;
and
ioyned
his
owne
forces
to
Xenophons
.
Seuthes
had
now
thrice
as
many
folke
,
as
he
had
before
.
For
the
Odrysans
,
hearing
of
his
good
successe
,
came
in
numbers
to
serue
him
.
The
Thynes
,
when
they
saw
from
the
mountaines
many
armed
,
many
Peltasts
,
and
many
horsemen
,
descended
and
humbly
sued
to
compound
,
and
promised
to
doe
,
whatsoeuer
they
were
commanded
,
and
to
put
in
good
assurance
.
Seuthes
calling
Xenophon
,
told
him
what
they
said
,
and
added
,
he
would
make
no
attonement
,
if
Xenophon
would
be
reuenged
of
their
Camisado
.
Xenophon
answered
,
he
had
sufficient
reuenge
,
in
that
he
saw
them
now
slaues
,
which
were
before
free
.
But
he
would
counsell
Seuthes
hereafter
,
in
taking
Hostages
,
to
take
those
that
were
able
to
doe
him
most
harme
,
European
Thrace
.
They
marched
from
thence
against
the
Thracians
,
that
lie
aboue
Byzantium
,
and
inhabit
the
Territorie
called
Delta
.
This
countrey
was
neuer
subiect
to
Mesades
,
but
it
had
beene
vnder
Tereus
the
Odrysian
,
that
liued
many
yeeres
agoe
.
Heraclides
came
hither
hauing
with
him
the
price
of
the
spoile
,
and
Seuthes
causing
three
paire
of
Mules
(
for
there
were
no
more
,
the
rest
being
yokes
of
Oxen
)
to
be
brought
forth
,
calling
Xenophon
,
offered
them
vnto
him
,
the
rest
hee
parted
amongst
the
Coronels
and
Captaines
.
Xenophon
made
answer
,
that
he
would
be
content
with
that
,
which
he
should
bestow
vpon
him
hereafter
:
now
,
quoth
he
,
giue
to
the
Coronels
and
Captaines
,
that
follow
you
with
mee
.
So
Ti●●si●●
the
Dard●●i●●
had
one
paire
,
Cleaner
the
Or●h●menian
one
,
and
Phryniscus
the
Achaya●
one
.
The
yo●es
of
Oxen
he
distributed
amongst
the
Captaines
.
The
moneth
was
now
out
,
and
yet
the
Souldiers
had
no
more
than
twenty
daies
pay
.
Xe●●ph●●
,
Byza●the
,
and
Gani●
,
and
new
castle
,
hence
forward
he
neuer
spake
word
of
any
such
thing
.
For
Heraclides
calumniated
that
also
,
Xenophon
.
Phryniscus
and
Cleanor
said
the
like
.
Whereupon
Se●thes
gaue
hard
words
to
Heraclides
,
The
Army
displeased
with
X●n●phon
about
pay
.
The
Generall
of
the
Lacidemonians
in
Asia
the
lesse
.
The
Army
waged
by
the
Lacedemonians
.
13.
Shillings
.
and
Seuthes
much
estranged
from
him
,
and
so
much
indeed
,
that
when
he
came
to
speake
with
him
,
Seuthes
would
make
,
as
though
he
had
much
businesse
.
About
this
time
,
two
moneths
being
scarcely
spent
,
came
Charminus
the
Lacedemonian
,
and
Polinicus
sent
from
Thymbro
,
and
brought
newes
that
the
Lacedemonians
were
minded
to
make
warre
vpon
T●ssaphernes
▪
and
that
Thymbro
had
●lready
taken
ship
to
prosecute
that
warre
,
and
had
need
of
this
Armie
,
and
added
that
euery
Souldier
should
haue
a
Daricke
the
month
,
euery
Captaine
two
,
euery
Coronell
foure
.
As
soone
as
the
Lacedemonians
were
come
,
Heraclides
hearing
,
that
they
addressed
themselues
to
the
army
,
straightwaies
told
Seuthes
,
that
it
came
well
about
for
his
affaires
.
For
the
Lacedemonians
,
quoth
he
,
stand
in
need
of
the
armie
,
and
you
need
it
not
.
Seuthes
hearing
this
,
willed
the
messengers
to
be
brought
in
.
When
they
said
,
they
came
about
the
armie
,
he
answered
,
he
willingly
yeelded
it
into
their
hands
,
and
desired
to
be
friend
and
confederate
with
the
Lacedemonians
;
He
then
inuited
them
to
be
his
guests
,
and
feasted
them
royally
.
But
hee
neither
inuited
Xenophon
,
nor
any
other
of
the
Coronels
.
When
the
Lacedemonians
enquired
,
what
Xenophon
was
for
a
man
,
he
answered
,
that
in
other
things
he
was
not
ill
,
but
he
loued
the
Souldiers
too
much
,
Xenophon
.
Seuthes
remained
there
to
heare
what
the
issue
would
be
,
and
hee
stood
within
hearing
,
hauing
an
Interpreter
with
him
,
albeit
he
also
of
himselfe
vnderstood
the
most
part
of
that
,
which
was
spoken
in
Greeke
.
Then
the
Arcadian
said
:
We
(
ô
Lacedemonians
)
had
beene
with
you
long
agoe
,
if
by
Xenophons
perswasion
we
had
not
beene
brought
hither
,
What
may
not
a
man
expect
,
when
I
am
accused
by
you
of
that
,
wherein
my
conscience
witnesseth
with
me
,
that
I
haue
beene
most
desirous
to
doe
you
good
.
I
was
now
returning
home
,
when
hearing
,
that
it
was
not
well
with
you
,
nay
rather
,
that
you
were
brought
to
all
extremitie
,
I
returned
to
doe
you
seruice
,
and
to
assist
you
in
any
thing
,
I
could
.
After
my
comming
,
Seuthes
sending
many
messengers
vnto
me
,
and
promising
many
things
,
in
case
I
perswaded
you
to
come
vnto
him
,
you
know
,
I
refused
and
led
you
thither
,
from
whence
,
I
thought
,
you
might
with
most
facilitie
be
transported
into
Asia
.
For
I
held
it
the
best
course
,
and
knew
you
most
desired
it
.
But
when
Aristarchus
with
his
Gallies
intercepted
our
passage
,
I
thereupon
called
you
together
,
as
it
was
needfull
,
to
consult
,
what
was
to
be
done
.
You
would
not
then
heare
Aristarchus
,
that
commanded
you
to
march
into
Cherronesus
,
but
yeelded
to
Seuthes
,
that
desired
to
entertaine
you
;
and
it
was
not
one
,
but
all
of
you
,
that
desired
to
goe
with
Seuthes
,
and
all
of
you
made
the
decree
.
Say
then
,
wherein
I
haue
wronged
you
,
hauing
led
you
to
the
place
,
whither
you
all
desired
to
goe
?
But
when
Seuthes
began
to
defraud
you
of
your
pay
,
if
I
then
commended
him
,
or
allowed
of
his
dealing
,
you
haue
good
cause
to
accuse
&
hate
me
.
But
if
before
that
time
I
was
most
in
his
fauour
,
and
now
furthest
out
,
is
it
right
,
that
preferring
you
,
before
him
,
you
should
accuse
me
for
that
,
which
is
the
cause
,
that
he
and
I
are
at
difference
?
But
you
will
say
,
now
I
haue
gotten
from
Seuthes
,
that
,
which
was
yours
,
I
may
cast
a
faire
colour
before
your
eies
.
Is
it
not
then
manifest
,
that
if
Seuthes
haue
giuen
me
any
thing
,
he
hath
so
giuen
it
,
that
hee
meant
not
to
lose
it
,
and
yet
pay
you
your
due
?
I
should
thinke
,
that
in
bestowing
on
me
the
lesse
,
his
purpose
was
to
hold
the
greater
from
you
.
If
your
opinion
be
such
,
you
may
if
you
please
,
make
the
negotiation
betwixt
him
and
me
void
,
by
demanding
your
pay
.
For
it
is
plaine
,
that
if
I
haue
beene
bribed
,
he
will
demand
the
bribe
againe
,
in
case
,
I
performe
not
the
contract
.
But
my
conscience
telleth
me
,
that
I
am
farre
from
intercepting
any
thing
of
yours
.
For
I
sweare
vnto
you
by
all
the
gods
,
and
the
goddesses
,
that
Seuthes
hath
not
performed
to
me
,
that
he
promised
me
for
mine
owne
particular
.
Hee
is
present
,
and
heares
,
and
knowes
whether
I
forsweare
my selfe
or
no.
And
,
that
you
may
maruell
the
more
,
I
haue
not
receiued
so
much
as
other
Coronels
,
nor
so
much
as
some
Captaines
.
And
why
haue
I
done
this
?
Mine
opinion
was
,
the
more
I
suffered
pouertie
with
him
,
the
more
he
would
be
my
friend
,
when
his
abilitie
was
greater
.
Now
I
both
see
him
in
prosperitie
,
and
know
,
what
disposition
he
is
of
.
Some
will
say
:
Shame
you
not
to
be
so
childishly
deceiued
?
Truly
I
should
be
ashamed
,
if
I
were
ouer-reached
by
an
enemie
.
But
it
is
more
shame
for
a
friend
to
deceiue
,
than
to
be
deceiued
.
And
if
there
be
any
caution
to
be
vsed
toward
a
friend
,
I
know
you
all
haue
carefully
endeuoured
,
not
to
giue
occasion
of
withholding
from
you
that
,
which
he
hath
promised
you
.
We
haue
neither
wronged
him
in
any
thing
,
nor
fore-slowed
his
affaires
,
nor
for
feare
left
any
thing
vndone
,
that
he
hath
commanded
.
But
you
will
say
,
assurance
,
that
he
should
not
deceiue
,
though
he
would
,
was
then
to
be
taken
.
Heare
,
I
pray
you
,
that
which
I
would
neuer
say
against
him
,
were
not
you
too
vniust
and
vnthankfull
toward
me
.
For
you
may
remember
,
in
what
case
you
were
,
when
I
led
you
to
Seuthes
.
If
you
were
disposed
to
goe
into
Perinthus
,
did
not
Aristarchus
the
Lacedemonian
shut
the
gates
against
you
,
and
keepe
you
out
of
the
Citie
?
Encamped
you
not
in
the
field
?
Was
it
not
the
middest
of
Winter
?
The
market
,
you
had
,
how
was
it
furnished
?
What
monie
had
you
wherewith
to
buy
?
You
must
remaine
in
Thrace
;
for
the
Gallies
lay
at
anchor
forbidding
your
transport
.
Remaining
there
,
you
must
be
in
the
enemies
countrie
,
where
there
were
many
Horse
and
Peltasts
.
You
had
armed
Foot
indeed
,
with
which
approching
the
village
wee
might
haue
seised
vpon
corne
,
though
not
much
;
but
chace
we
could
not
giue
,
nor
take
slaues
,
nor
cattle
.
For
I
was
with
you
,
and
neither
saw
many
Horse
,
nor
Peltasts
.
In
this
necessitie
if
I
ioined
Se●thes
vnto
you
,
who
had
both
Horse
and
Peltasts
,
when
you
wanted
both
,
had
I
not
deserued
well
,
albeit
I
had
procured
you
no
pay
?
For
after
you
were
assisted
with
them
,
found
you
not
more
plentie
of
come
in
the
villages
,
because
the
Thracians
were
driuen
to
a
speedie
flight
?
And
you
failed
not
of
captiues
and
cattle
;
nor
saw
we
an
enemie
,
since
we
had
Horse
,
whereas
before
he
followed
vs
boldly
with
Horse
and
Peltasts
,
and
suffered
vs
not
to
disperse
in
little
troopes
,
or
to
take
prouision
in
any
quantitie
.
If
therefore
he
,
that
wrought
this
securitie
for
you
,
had
added
no
pay
vnto
it
,
this
would
haue
beene
the
greatest
wrong
,
you
had
suffered
;
and
for
this
were
he
in
your
iudgement
vnworthy
to
liue
?
But
now
how
depart
you
?
Spent
you
not
the
Winter
in
plentie
of
all
things
?
And
for
ouer-plus
,
had
you
not
that
,
which
was
giuen
you
by
Seuthes
?
You
haue
all
this
while
liued
vpon
the
enemie
,
and
neither
seene
any
of
the
Armie
slaine
,
nor
miscarrying
aliue
.
Besides
,
if
you
haue
done
any
thing
praise-worthy
,
against
the
Barbarians
in
Asia
,
you
hold
your
reputation
still
,
and
haue
added
a
new
praise
by
ouercomming
the
Thracians
,
against
whom
you
warred
in
Europe
.
Truly
I
affirme
,
you
ought
to
giue
thankes
to
the
gods
,
as
for
a
benefit
,
for
that
,
for
which
you
are
now
angrie
with
mee
.
And
this
is
the
case
,
you
stand
in
.
Consider
further
how
it
is
with
me
.
I
when
I
first
departed
for
my
countrie
,
departed
from
you
with
your
good
liking
and
commendation
,
and
as
one
,
that
for
your
sake
,
had
reputation
amongst
the
rest
of
the
Grecians
.
Besides
,
I
was
in
credit
with
the
Lacedemonians
.
For
otherwise
they
would
not
haue
sent
me
to
you
againe
.
But
now
I
goe
away
accused
by
you
to
the
Lacedemonians
,
and
for
you
am
in
hatred
with
Seuthes
,
whom
,
hauing
followed
with
you
,
I
hoped
to
haue
found
a
readie
receiuer
of
me
and
my
children
,
when
need
should
haue
beene
.
And
yet
you
,
for
whom
I
am
hated
of
them
,
that
are
much
more
mightie
,
than
my selfe
,
for
whom
I
cease
not
,
no
not
euen
now
,
to
doe
all
the
good
,
I
can
,
you
I
say
,
that
are
thus
affected
toward
me
,
haue
me
neither
running
away
,
nor
forsaking
you
.
But
if
you
doe
that
,
which
you
threaten
,
know
,
that
you
shall
put
to
death
a
man
,
that
hath
broken
many
a
sleepe
for
you
,
that
hath
done
many
exploits
,
and
beene
in
many
perills
with
you
,
and
both
in
part
,
and
in
the
whole
(
by
the
helpe
of
the
gods
)
hath
erected
with
you
many
a
Trophie
against
the
Barbarians
,
and
taken
care
,
that
no
Grecians
should
hold
you
for
enemies
;
so
that
now
you
may
goe
without
controlment
,
whither
you
lift
either
by
Sea
or
Land
.
Howbeit
because
you
haue
the
world
at
will
,
and
may
faile
whither
you
of
late
desired
,
and
they
,
that
are
of
most
might
,
stand
in
need
of
you
,
and
you
are
offered
pay
,
and
the
Lacedemonians
the
men
,
that
now
are
esteemed
most
powerfull
,
are
come
to
be
your
leaders
,
you
haue
found
a
time
to
take
away
my
life
.
This
was
not
your
minde
,
when
you
were
in
distresse
;
O
you
men
,
that
are
so
kinde
rememberers
of
your
well
deseruers
.
Then
you
called
me
father
,
and
promised
alwaies
to
bee
mindfull
of
mee
,
as
of
your
Benefactor
.
But
yet
you
must
not
imagine
,
that
these
men
,
which
are
come
for
you
,
are
destitute
of
reason
and
vnderstanding
.
For
,
as
I
conceiue
,
they
will
not
thinke
the
better
of
you
,
seeing
in
what
manner
you
behaue
your selues
toward
mee
.
After
he
had
spoken
thus
much
,
hee
kept
silence
.
Then
Charminus
the
Lacedemonian
stood
vp
and
said
:
I
see
no
iust
cause
,
Grecians
.
Heraclides
hearing
this
was
put
in
a
feare
,
and
comming
to
Seuthes
;
If
,
quoth
he
,
we
loue
our selues
,
let
vs
be
gone
out
of
their
fingers
,
and
getting
on
Hors-backe
they
spurred
to
their
Campe
.
After
this
Seuthes
sent
his
Interpreter
Ebozelmius
to
Xenophon
entreating
him
to
stay
behinde
with
1000
Armed
,
(
Xenophon
)
in
wasting
our
Villages
.
Therefore
we
forewarne
you
,
I
from
Seuthes
,
and
this
man
,
from
Medocus
,
the
King
of
the
vpper
Countrey
,
to
depart
hence
:
otherwise
you
shall
not
carie
it
so
.
For
if
you
harrie
the
Countrey
so
,
we
are
resolued
to
defend
our
Countrey
,
as
against
enemies
.
I
would
hardly
answer
your
accusation
,
were
it
not
for
this
young
mans
sake
.
We
,
before
we
were
your
friends
,
ranged
this
Countrey
at
our
pleasure
,
wasting
what
we
thought
good
,
and
burning
what
we
thought
good
.
And
you
,
when
you
came
Embassador
to
vs
,
rested
in
our
Campe
without
feare
of
any
enemie
.
Your selues
were
not
in
the
Countrey
,
and
when
you
came
into
it
at
any
time
,
you
remained
in
your
quarters
with
your
Horse
bridled
,
as
in
a
Countrey
of
enemies
,
that
were
too
strong
for
you
.
Afterwards
you
became
friends
to
vs
,
and
by
our
meanes
got
the
possession
of
the
Countrey
:
and
now
you
seeke
to
chace
vs
out
of
the
Land
,
which
by
our
furtherance
you
conquered
by
force
(
for
as
you
know
the
enemie
was
not
of
strength
sufficient
to
driue
vs
out
)
and
not
only
giue
vs
no
gifts
for
our
well
deseruing
,
but
as
much
,
as
in
you
lieth
,
suffer
vs
not
to
quarter
here
at
our
departure
.
And
speaking
these
things
you
neither
reuerence
the
gods
,
nor
this
man
,
who
seeth
you
now
suddenly
made
rich
,
whereas
,
before
the
time
you
ioined
with
vs
in
friendship
(
as
your selfe
confessed
to
me
)
you
led
your
life
in
robberie
.
But
why
speake
you
these
things
to
me
?
For
I
haue
no
longer
the
command
:
You
,
men
forsooth
worthy
to
be
admired
,
haue
deliuered
ouer
the
Armie
to
the
Lacedemonians
,
not
calling
me
to
counsell
,
that
as
I
offended
them
,
in
bringing
it
to
you
,
so
by
rendring
it
vp
to
them
againe
,
I
might
be
reconciled
,
&
win
their
fauour
.
When
the
Odrysian
heard
these
things
,
he
said
:
The
rehearsall
of
these
passages
(
ô
Medosades
)
strike
me
vnder
the
earth
;
and
had
I
knowne
before
hand
,
what
your
propositions
would
haue
bin
,
I
would
neuer
haue
followed
you
hither
.
For
King
Medocus
will
haue
no
good
opinion
of
me
,
if
I
should
ioine
with
you
in
chacing
away
your
benefactors
.
Then
Medosades
(
for
he
was
grieued
to
see
the
country
spoiled
)
desired
Xenophon
to
call
the
two
Lacedemonians
.
He
taking
with
him
such
as
he
thought
meet
,
went
to
Charminus
and
Polynicus
,
and
said
,
Medosades
would
faine
speake
with
you
:
and
desire
you
(
as
he
did
me
)
to
depart
the
countrey
.
Now
I
conceiue
,
you
may
,
if
you
please
,
be
a
meane●to
recouer
the
Armies
pay
,
by
telling
him
,
that
the
Armie
besought
you
to
procure
it
from
Seuthes
either
with
or
●gainst
his
will
;
and
said
,
that
when
they
had
receiued
〈◊〉
,
they
would
willingly
follow
you
,
I
am
come
to
you
(
ô
Seuthes
)
not
as
a
suiter
for
any
thing
,
but
only
to
shew
,
you
haue
no
cause
to
be
angry
with
me
,
for
that
I
laboured
to
obt●ine
the
Souldiers
pay
,
which
you
cheerefully
promised
at
their
first
comming
to
you
.
For
I
thought
it
was
no
lesse
profitable
for
you
to
giue
it
,
than
for
them
to
take
it
;
and
I
knew
,
that
these
men
,
next
after
the
gods
,
were
they
that
set
you
in
so
conspicuous
a
place
,
making
you
King
of
a
large
Territorie
,
and
of
much
people
,
that
whether
you
doe
good
or
euill
,
it
cannot
be
kept
in
secret
.
And
I
am
of
opinion
,
that
it
is
a
matter
of
great
consequence
in
such
a
man
,
as
you
are
,
not
to
seem
to
send
away
your
benefactors
ingratefully
,
and
without
recompence
,
and
of
as
great
to
be
well
spoken
of
by
6000
men
;
but
the
greatest
is
,
not
to
derogate
credit
from
your
owne
word
.
For
I
see
the
word
of
false
men
wande●●th
vp
and
downe
vaine
,
and
weake
,
and
void
of
honour
.
But
such
as
are
knowne
to
speake
truth
,
obtaine
as
much
by
request
,
as
other
men
doe
by
force
,
and
in
corrections
their
threatnings
are
as
powerfull
,
as
other
mens
punishments
,
and
in
promises
they
are
beleeued
no
lesse
,
than
they
that
giue
assurance
.
You
should
doe
well
also
to
call
to
minde
,
what
you
gaue
vs
,
when
you
made
vs
your
confederates
.
I
know
you
gaue
nothing
;
Seuthes
hearing
this
,
cursed
him
,
that
was
the
cause
,
why
the
Souldiers
were
not
paid
long
before
(
euerie
man
imagined
he
meant
Heraclides
)
For
I
,
quoth
Seuthes
,
will
pay
the
arrerages
▪
and
neuer
had
in
minde
to
defraud
the
Souldiers
of
the
least
part
of
their
due
.
Then
spake
Xenophon
againe
:
Seeing
it
is
your
pleasure
to
make
paiment
,
let
me
entreat
you
to
doe
it
by
my
hands
,
and
not
to
see
me
in
worse
case
with
the
Souldiers
for
your
cause
,
than
I
was
,
when
I
came
to
your
seruice
.
Seuthes
answered
:
You
shall
not
by
my
meanes
.
Xenophon
banished
his
countrey
for
following
Cyrus
,
who
was
a
friend
to
the
La●edemonians
.
Lampsacus
a
Citie
in
Asia
the
lesse
.
but
not
without
imputation
of
much
corruption
.
Xenophon
came
not
neere
,
but
openly
made
ready
to
goe
to
his
countrey
.
For
it
was
not
yet
signified
vnto
him
,
that
he
was
banished
,
but
some
especiall
men
of
the
Armie
came
vnto
him
,
desiring
him
not
to
depart
,
till
he
had
conducted
the
Armie
,
and
deliuered
it
vnto
Thymbro
.
From
thence
they
sailed
ouer
to
Lampsacus
,
where
Euclydes
the
Phliasian
Soothsayer
,
the
sonne
of
Cleagoras
,
who
painted
the
dreames
in
the
Lycaum
,
met
Xenophon
.
He
was
glad
to
see
Xenophon
in
health
,
and
asked
him
,
how
much
gold
he
had
.
Iupiter
Milichius
,
quoth
he
,
will
hinder
you
.
He
further
asked
him
,
whether
he
had
sacrificed
,
as
I
,
quoth
he
,
am
wont
for
you
at
home
,
and
burne
the
whole
beast
.
Xenophon
said
,
he
had
not
offred
to
that
god
all
the
time
of
his
trauell
.
Euclydes
aduised
him
therefore
to
sacrifice
vnto
the
god
,
&
your
affaires
,
said
he
,
will
prosper
better
.
The
next
day
Xenophon
marching
on
to
Ophrynium
sacrificed
,
These
were
the
Gouernours
of
the
Kings
Prouinces
,
that
we
iournied
thorow
:
Artymas
of
Lydia
,
Artacamas
of
Phrygia
,
Mithridates
of
Lycaonia
and
Cappadocia
;
of
Cilicia
,
Synesis
;
of
Phoenicia
and
Arabia
,
Dernes
;
of
Syria
and
Assyria
,
Belesis
;
of
Babylonia
,
Roparas
;
of
Media
,
Arbacas
;
of
the
Phasians
and
Hesperites
,
T●ribazus
:
The
Carduchans
,
Chalybes
,
Chaldaa●s
,
Macrons
,
Choicans
,
Mosynaecans
,
Coitans
,
and
Tibarens
,
are
people
vnder
no
mans
subiection
.
Paphlagonia
is
ruled
by
Corylas
,
the
Bithynians
by
Pharnabazus
,
the
Europaean
Thracians
by
Seuthes
.
The
totall
number
of
the
Ascent
and
Descent
is
215
Encampings
,
1150
Parasangs
,
34255
Furlongs
.
FINIS
.
A
COMPARISON
OF
THE
ROMANE
MANNER
OF
WARRE
,
WITH
THIS
OF
OVR
TIME
;
OVT
OF
THE
END
OF
THE
FIFTH
Booke
of
IVSTVS
LIPSIVS
,
De
Militia
Romana
.
WE
haue
considered
5.
things
in
the
Roman
warfare
:
their
Musters
,
their
Armes
,
their
degrees
&
distribution
of
Bands
,
their
Embattelling
,
and
their
Discipline
.
To
make
a
true
comparison
betwixt
our
manner
of
warre
and
theirs
,
we
must
weigh
the
one
with
the
other
in
equall
ballance
of
all
these
generalities
,
and
obserue
by
the
consequents
and
aduantages
,
which
of
them
is
to
be
preferred
before
other
.
Therfore
to
speake
first
of
Musters
,
The
next
thing
is
the
degrees
and
diuision
of
Bands
,
after
they
are
leuied
.
First
,
where
they
so
lightly
esteeme
of
all
these
flying
weapons
,
I
scarcely
beleeue
they
well
know
their
might
.
How
much
doe
Slings
differ
in
effect
and
force
(
for
their
forme
is
verie
different
)
from
our
smal
shot
?
this
at
the
first
hearing
seemeth
a
thing
worthy
of
laughter
;
but
examine
it
with
me
.
Both
the
bullets
be
of
Lead
:
neither
is
there
much
diuersitie
betwixt
their
greatnesse
or
shape
;
nor
yet
do
the
Slings
much
giue
place
in
power
or
violence
.
I
must
beleeue
those
,
which
haue
seene
it
,
and
which
were
in
the
ancient
warres
euen
then
,
when
these
Engines
were
managed
with
Art
and
vse
.
They
therefore
write
,
that
which
may
equall
,
if
not
preferre
them
before
Guns
.
Concerning
violence
,
it
is
so
forceable
in
a
Sling
vnladen
with
skill
,
that
the
verie
bullet
hath
beene
often
molten
with
fire
conceiued
in
flying
.
This
appeareth
by
the
testimonie
of
Lueretius
,
Ouid
,
Lucan
,
and
Statius
.
Doe
you
not
happily
credit
Poets
?
Let
the
Philosopher
come
.
Seneca
affirmeth
,
that
Motion
doth
extenuate
the
aire
,
and
extenuation
inflame
it
:
So
doth
a
bullet
throwne
out
of
a
Sling
melt
,
and
distilleth
by
the
attrition
of
the
aire
,
as
by
fire
.
The
like
is
found
written
in
Aristotle
:
And
yet
it
loseth
not
his
force
,
but
being
so
on
fire
pierceth
the
bodie
.
Virgill
.
With
molten
Lead
his
Temples
twaine
disparted
stand
,
His
lims
extended
lie
vpon
the
yellow
sand
.
It
killeth
with
one
blow
.
And
I
maruell
not
that
Dauid
,
being
both
young
and
a
Slinger
,
did
ouerthrow
the
monstrous
Goliah
with
this
weapon
.
And
that
you
may
at
once
,
and
fully
know
the
vertue
thereof
,
heare
what
Diodorus
Siculus
saith
of
the
inhabitants
of
the
Iles
Baleares
.
They
throw
stones
(
for
you
know
that
these
also
,
not
only
Lead
are
deliuered
out
of
Slings
)
much
greater
than
other
Slingers
,
and
with
such
stiffenesse
and
strength
,
that
the
blow
seemeth
to
come
from
some
Engine
.
You
see
he
compareth
it
with
an
Engine
.
And
he
addeth
further
,
that
it
pierceth
Targets
and
Caskes
,
and
all
defence
of
Armour
.
I
denie
that
there
can
be
greater
force
in
small
shot
,
and
perhaps
there
is
not
so
great
,
except
in
Muskets
onely
.
Now
the
Slings
are
much
better
in
one
respect
,
that
they
reach
and
hurt
a
great
way
further
.
Which
of
our
small
Peeces
carrieth
his
force
point
blanke
,
aboue
200.
or
300.
foot
?
It
fainteth
or
straieth
from
the
marke
,
if
you
aime
further
off
.
But
the
bullet
of
a
Sling
hath
carried
his
full
strength
600.
foot
,
as
you
may
finde
it
cleerely
expressed
in
Vegetius
.
The
archers
&
slingers
set
vp
for
a
marke
Besomes
,
that
is
,
bundles
of
twigs
,
or
grasse
,
so
that
being
600.
foot
distant
from
the
marke
,
they
hit
it
with
arrowes
and
with
●tones
throwne
out
of
a
Sling
.
He
ioyneth
it
here
with
arrowes
,
and
giueth
the
distance
,
I
spake
of
,
to
either
of
them
.
But
there
are
other
,
that
preferre
it
before
arrowes
,
and
hold
that
the
sling-bullet
outfli●th
them
.
You
shall
reade
in
Strabo
:
That
a
Sling
carrieth
further
than
a
Bow
:
In
Dio
;
The
Slingers
ouer-reaching
the
Archers
did
hurt
all
,
yea
the
armed
men
.
This
he
reporteth
in
the
expedition
of
Marcus
Antonius
against
the
Parthians
;
who
notwithstanding
,
as
all
agree
,
were
well
armed
,
and
speciall
good
Archers
:
and
yet
Slingers
were
too
good
for
them
.
Which
Xenophon
also
writeth
plainly
in
the
acts
of
his
countrey-men
the
Grecians
.
For
the
Rhodian
Slingers
,
saith
he
,
reached
further
than
the
Persian
,
and
than
many
of
the
Archers
.
Therefore
they
reached
farre
.
But
went
they
neere
the
marke
?
All
testifie
they
did
,
especially
the
Islanders
of
the
Baleares
;
and
that
they
learned
this
certainty
in
throwing
euen
from
their
Cradle
.
Also
you
may
reade
in
the
Bible
,
that
seuen
hundred
or
thereabouts
,
of
the
Inhabitants
of
Gabaa
were
so
good
marke-men
with
a
Sling
that
they
could
hit
you
a
haire
.
Enough
of
Slings
.
Some
say
that
Gunnes
doe
more
terrifie
by
reason
of
their
sound
.
I
grant
it
.
But
whom
doe
they
terrifie
?
Birds
?
For
I
cannot
thinke
that
true
Souldiers
will
be
moued
with
their
sound
or
firie
sight
;
vnlesse
perhaps
at
the
first
.
And
truly
I
am
of
opinion
,
that
if
the
Romans
had
ioined
battell
with
vs
,
they
would
at
the
first
haue
feared
the
shew
and
reports
of
our
Peeces
:
But
at
the
first
only
.
After
they
had
discerned
the
truth
they
would
haue
been
the
same
,
they
were
wont
;
especially
so
armed
,
they
would
by
couering
themselues
with
their
Targets
haue
weakened
or
made
vaine
the
stroke
of
the
Bullet
.
And
for
great
Ordinance
I
see
no
reason
to
repute
it
so
terrible
,
in
as
much
as
those
,
that
haue
had
the
experience
,
cleerely
confesse
,
that
they
neuer
saw
battell
broken
by
this
kinde
of
Artillerie
.
A
plaine
Hillocke
,
or
Rampier
,
or
top
of
a
Trench
in
the
way
breaketh
the
force
of
this
so
terrible
Engine
.
These
things
are
knowne
to
Souldiers
;
and
excepting
at
the
siege
of
Townes
,
this
Engine
serueth
rather
for
a
shew
,
than
to
worke
great
masteries
in
the
warres
.
I
omit
the
disaduantages
which
follow
it
,
and
forbeare
to
oppose
and
bend
against
it
the
Roman
Engines
.
This
matter
requireth
a
larger
discourse
,
and
is
to
be
reserued
for
some
other
place
.
I
come
to
Darts
,
which
they
likewise
sport
at
.
Yet
haue
they
this
commoditie
,
that
they
are
fit
for
readie
&
speedie
seruice
,
and
at
all
times
and
places
.
It
is
not
so
in
Guns
,
which
haue
a
time
both
to
be
charged
and
also
discharged
,
and
hinderance
from
raine
and
other
casualties
.
And
doe
not
Darts
outreach
them
?
I
obserue
that
they
are
matched
with
Arrowes
by
Homer
,
in
whom
Vlysses
glorieth
thus
of
himselfe
:
I
cast
a
Dart
as
farre
,
as
other
doe
an
Arrow
shoot
.
Although
this
attributed
to
Vlysses
is
not
commonly
true
,
and
the
Arrow
flieth
further
of
both
.
But
how
much
?
The
proportion
is
expressed
in
Statius
:
As
far
as
Arrowes
fly
at
thrice
,
and
foure
times
with
a
Dart
you
throw
.
He
measureth
out
a
Theater
for
Plaies
and
describeth
it
:
And
it
was
so
much
ground
,
saith
he
,
as
you
can
reach
with
casting
a
Dart
foure
times
,
and
shooting
an
Arrow
thrice
.
Therfore
an
Arrow
reached
further
than
a
Dart
by
a
fourth
part
of
distance
.
And
if
that
flew
six
hundred
foot
,
then
this
foure
hundred
and
aboue
.
So
that
I
haue
good
cause
to
smile
at
the
asseueration
of
an
Italian
Writer
,
one
yet
skilfull
in
these
things
,
who
constantly
denieth
that
any
Arme
is
of
force
sufficient
to
throw
a
Stone
or
other
weapon
fortie
Paces
.
Peace
man
,
and
beleeue
a
thing
so
common
in
all
antiquitie
.
And
had
these
Darts
any
force
?
You
haue
seene
in
the
kinde
of
Dart
called
Pilum
:
whereof
I
haue
entreated
in
my
third
Booke
.
Will
you
heare
of
another
kinde
?
Spaniards
,
Gaules
and
sometimes
the
Romans
,
vsed
a
Dart
called
Tragula
.
Of
it
doth
,
I
know
not
what
Writer
report
in
Suidas
:
Cotta
fought
with
a
weapon
,
that
is
tearmed
Tragula
,
which
he
threw
so
violently
,
that
thorow
Curace
,
and
sides
,
he
fastened
to
the
earth
,
as
with
a
naile
,
whomsoeuer
he
hit
.
A
Gods
name
what
Armes
were
these
?
how
growne
in
strength
either
by
Nature
,
or
by
Skill
gotten
through
exercise
?
Plutarks
Crassus
,
that
the
Parthian
Arrows
forced
all
kinde
of
Armor
:
In
Agathias
the
Historian
,
that
Arrowes
shot
by
the
hand
of
one
Aligernus
a
Gothe
,
passed
thorow
a
mans
body
,
Target
,
Curace
,
and
all
.
And
that
you
will
maruell
at
,
if
they
fell
vpon
a
stone
,
or
other
hard
thing
not
easie
to
be
broken
,
they
shiuered
it
to
fitters
with
the
violence
of
the
blow
.
Looke
your selfe
,
if
you
please
,
in
Procopius
,
what
he
writeth
euerie
where
of
the
Archers
of
his
age
.
I
only
take
this
out
of
him
:
That
an
Arrow
was
put
off
with
that
force
,
that
neither
Curace
,
nor
Target
,
could
make
resistance
.
This
may
suffice
for
light-weapons
,
which
notwithstanding
are
the
principall
in
our
warres
.
They
try
the
whole
encounter
,
and
straight
either
gaine
or
lose
the
Field
.
True
and
lasting
fights
are
only
now
to
be
read
of
.
I
speake
not
all
this
because
I
hold
the
ancient
weapons
better
,
than
those
we
now
vse
,
but
only
to
shew
that
they
are
not
to
be
contemned
,
and
that
some
of
them
are
to
be
taken
vp
at
this
day
,
and
to
be
mingled
with
ours
.
This
would
be
a
gallant
and
profitable
manner
of
seruice
,
if
it
were
handled
by
men
ripe
in
exercise
,
otherwise
these
weapons
are
not
worth
a
pinne
.
Now
for
the
fashion
of
arming
the
Romans
,
what
can
be
alleaged
,
why
it
should
not
be
the
best
of
all
other
?
A
man
was
armed
from
head
to
foot
,
his
legges
not
vncouered
,
and
had
a
large
Target
,
a
principall
defence
both
for
Horse
and
Foot
.
The
Target
.
I
affirme
that
there
is
no
Armor
of
more
vse
,
than
the
Target
.
But
our
sloth
,
or
rashnesse
,
hath
cast
it
cleane
out
of
doores
.
Some
neighbours
yet
retaine
it
,
as
the
Polish
Hors-men
,
and
Turks
.
We
,
as
I
said
,
haue
slothfully
laid
it
downe
,
or
else
carelesly
;
as
though
we
were
safe
by
contempt
of
things
seruing
for
our
defence
.
Yet
I
vrge
it
not
,
because
I
see
such
as
haue
written
of
warre
,
acknowledge
this
fault
,
and
exhort
to
amendment
.
Surely
the
most
of
our
men
are
vnarmed
,
and
what
else
,
but
to
be
compared
to
velitarie
bands
?
open
to
hurts
,
and
therefore
fearefull
,
because
nature
,
carefull
of
her selfe
,
compelleth
to
feare
.
I
speake
not
of
Pike-men
,
And
what
is
mine
opinion
?
I
deliuer
it
not
,
because
Polybius
hath
spoken
sufficiently
for
me
,
where
he
compareth
the
Roman
and
Macedonian
Armes
of
purpose
.
What
can
I
bring
more
wise
,
or
more
sound
,
than
is
by
him
alleaged
?
Notwithstanding
this
is
my
iudgement
:
That
the
Romans
good
and
pliable
to
imitate
all
good
things
vsed
few
Pikes
,
and
in
Marius
and
Caesars
time
they
gaue
ouer
those
,
that
the
Triarij
did
beare
.
The
cause
was
,
for
that
it
is
no
conuenient
weapon
for
a
battell
marshalled
and
distinguished
into
Maniples
.
It
ought
to
be
a
large
and
coherent
body
,
where
Pikes
are
of
force
;
being
diuided
they
are
vnprofitable
.
Further
,
but
few
Pikes
serue
to
much
purpose
in
a
great
body
,
seeing
the
first
Rankes
only
can
charge
them
,
and
the
rest
giue
no
further
helpe
,
than
by
thrusting
on
with
their
bodies
.
Moreouer
,
such
a
battell
vnmoueable
for
the
most
part
,
&
vniforme
,
is
strong
only
in
Front
:
it
can
hardly
turne
vpon
the
suddaine
and
not
breake
.
Lastly
,
he
that
carieth
that
weapon
,
hath
almost
no
vse
of
any
other
(
yet
the
Macedonians
had
also
a
Hurling-staffe
)
and
specially
he
cannot
fitly
beare
or
wield
a
great
Target
.
The
Romans
considered
these
things
,
and
perhaps
more
than
these
.
And
albeit
they
often
endangered
Phalanges
,
and
sometimes
with
their
owne
danger
(
as
Paulus
Aemilius
is
said
to
haue
quaked
at
the
sight
of
a
thicke
Phalange
comming
on
with
their
Pikes
charged
)
yet
did
they
more
esteeme
their
owne
weapons
,
and
iudge
them
better
for
all
kinde
of
seruice
.
For
they
themselues
were
able
to
fight
in
all
kindes
,
in
Front
,
in
Flanke
,
and
behinde
,
and
also
were
able
all
to
serue
,
as
occasion
serued
.
As
in
a
body
it
is
best
,
when
all
parts
are
actiue
and
euerie
one
fit
for
his
office
;
so
is
it
in
a
battell
:
for
,
as
Liuy
saith
,
The
Phalange
is
vnmoueable
and
of
one
kinde
,
the
Roman
battell
consisting
of
many
parts
,
easie
to
be
diuided
,
easie
to
be
ioined
and
knit
together
,
if
vse
require
.
Adde
that
the
Romans
could
range
and
vnite
themselues
in
rough
and
vneuen
grounds
,
the
Phalange
,
which
consisteth
of
thicknesse
and
depth
,
could
not
to
any
purpose
.
And
therefore
if
a
ditch
,
hill
,
hedge
,
or
other
thing
came
in
the
way
,
it
was
presently
disioyned
,
and
the
manipular
Battalion
insinuated
it selfe
into
the
void
spaces
,
and
so
ouerthrew
the
Phalange
.
And
yet
I
denie
not
,
that
Pikes
are
of
good
vse
in
our
customes
&
fights
,
especially
against
horsemen
,
whose
charge
they
notably
sustaine
and
repulse
.
But
what
need
is
of
them
in
the
Roman
manner
of
arming
?
when
the
Velites
for
the
most
part
gaue
the
first
charge
in
the
Front
,
and
made
the
horses
stand
off
;
if
they
could
not
,
the
Legionarie
souldier
with
his
Darts
did
easily
stay
,
or
put
them
to
flight
.
This
weapon
was
heauy
and
powerfull
,
whereof
euery
Souldier
carried
a
couple
;
so
that
they
might
very
well
put
the
horse
to
retreat
with
defence
of
their
great
Targets
,
or
else
with
threatning
the
point
(
as
I
conceiue
)
of
the
other
Dart
,
especially
being
knit
together
shoulder
to
shoulder
and
close
.
This
I
am
sure
of
,
that
the
Roman
battell
was
seldome
broken
by
the
impression
of
the
horsemen
only
,
which
is
commonly
seene
at
this
day
.
What
?
will
you
say
not
by
the
Parthians
?
Yes
.
But
marke
that
I
spake
of
impression
.
The
Parthians
did
for
the
most
p●rt
ouerwhelme
the
Romans
with
their
arrowes
afarre
off
,
and
neuer
came
to
the
shock
.
Therefore
they
ouerthrew
them
not
,
but
by
little
and
little
wounded
and
wasted
them
by
comming
on
and
retiring
after
their
manner
.
The
same
would
befall
our
Pikemen
through
the
enemies
shot
,
were
they
not
answered
with
like
weapons
,
and
with
horsemen
.
Wherefore
I
thus
resolue
concerning
Pikes
,
that
they
were
not
necessarie
for
the
Romans
,
and
yet
are
profitable
for
vs
,
and
so
would
be
,
although
we
should
take
vp
the
Roman
armour
in
part
.
I
haue
seene
some
that
would
haue
them
mingled
,
and
would
haue
maniples
armed
partly
with
Swords
and
Targets
,
partly
with
Pikes
.
Let
Commanders
and
men
of
experience
consider
thereof
.
The
fourth
thing
is
Embattailing
,
which
if
I
should
account
perfect
and
sound
at
all
hands
in
the
Roman
manner
of
raunging
,
There
are
many
things
in
particular
concerning
ordering
of
Battels
,
whereof
we
might
giue
a
taste
,
but
precepts
wee
cannot
now
giue
;
and
these
depend
vpon
a
wit
truly
martiall
,
that
is
,
fiery
and
high
.
He
that
can
,
let
him
conceiue
;
he
that
cannot
,
let
him
yeeld
and
be
beaten
.
Thus
much
I
admonish
,
that
herein
may
be
found
out
a
large
field
of
Stratagems
,
and
that
no
other
meanes
hath
gained
more
victories
or
trophees
.
Whatsoeuer
is
vnlooked
for
troubleth
the
enemy
,
prouided
that
it
disorder
not
thy
owne
.
Let
that
be
a
certaine
and
infallible
rule
.
For
euery
small
inuention
is
not
by
and
by
to
be
embraced
or
of
efficacie
,
but
only
such
a
one
,
as
is
squared
out
by
circumspection
and
heed
.
He
ought
to
be
an
Argus
,
that
is
a
Commander
,
and
to
haue
eyes
in
his
backe
,
forhead
,
head
,
and
feet
.
And
yet
all
things
are
easie
to
be
ordered
,
where
this
common
good
order
hath
his
being
.
Giue
mee
Cohorts
,
giue
mee
Maniples
so
placed
one
to
second
another
,
so
ordered
,
so
wonted
to
ioyne
,
or
disioyne
,
I
will
alwayes
vndertake
to
haue
the
body
of
a
battaile
in
readinesse
,
such
as
your selfe
or
occasion
require
.
What
should
I
then
compare
?
Should
I
praise
,
or
exhort
men
to
the
Roman
discipline
?
It
is
not
only
good
,
but
the
best
of
all
,
that
haue
beene
,
that
shall
be
,
giuen
from
heauen
for
an
example
.
Let
wise
men
meet
,
and
sit
in
councell
,
they
cannot
in
conceit
,
in
writing
,
comprehend
a
fuller
,
a
better
.
Exhort
I
then
to
the
vse
thereof
?
As
our
men
and
manners
are
I
dare
not
.
It
is
enough
,
if
in
generall
I
induce
any
forme
of
Discipline
;
without
which
there
can
be
not
only
no
perfection
or
successe
,
but
scarcely
any
name
of
seruice
.
Other
are
robberies
,
which
men
exercise
without
law
,
right
,
or
measure
.
I
would
be
loth
to
call
ours
by
that
name
(
neither
indeed
ought
I
,
the
cause
being
good
)
but
in
good
sooth
wee
touch
not
the
line
of
the
other
.
I
haue
made
three
parts
of
Discipline
;
Duties
,
Exercise
,
and
Lawes
.
They
are
seuerally
to
bee
considered
,
and
whether
there
be
any
good
in
them
to
serue
our
purposes
.
Duties
extend
to
Guards
,
Ministeries
,
Workes
,
and
to
those
things
whereof
I
haue
intreated
at
large
.
But
Workes
are
the
chiefe
and
most
profitable
,
But
they
like
not
,
or
rather
are
ashamed
to
be
Labourers
.
Should
a
Souldier
put
his
hand
to
the
Spade
?
It
is
an
ignominy
.
Away
,
hire
them
that
list
to
fall
to
such
drudgerie
.
These
be
their
words
.
But
whose
?
You
would
thinke
them
of
the
blood
Royall
at
the
least
,
or
else
men
of
great
riches
.
Yet
looke
vpon
them
,
you
shall
perceiue
them
most
abiect
of
all
other
,
whom
Need
and
Despaire
haue
compelled
to
seruice
.
My
fellow
,
art
thou
ashamed
to
doe
that
,
which
many
excellent
men
,
yea
Senators
haue
done
?
This
pettie
conceit
,
wherewith
they
couer
their
sloth
,
will
packe
away
with
one
onely
warning
or
Proclamation
of
a
Prince
.
No
man
will
hold
that
reproachfull
,
which
shall
be
done
in
common
,
which
shall
be
done
by
the
better
sort
,
and
sometimes
by
commanders
them●elues
,
for
example
sake
:
Polybius
commeth
to
my
minde
;
who
writeth
,
that
a
man
is
counted
Most
wise
of
all
liuing
creatures
,
but
hee
esteemeth
him
most
foolish
:
Because
other
things
if
they
once
offend
,
take
heed
.
The
Fox
will
hardly
bee
brought
againe
to
the
snare
,
nor
the
Woolfe
to
the
pi●-fall
,
nor
the
Dog
to
the
staffe
.
Onely
man
from
age
to
age
doth
faile
almost
in
the
same
things
.
Let
mee
apply
this
to
vs
and
our
affaires
.
What
profit
is
more
apparant
,
than
of
these
Workes
?
What
more
common
in
Writings
and
Bookes
?
Yet
wee
neglect
them
,
and
had
rather
cast
away
our selues
,
than
our
opinions
.
And
concerning
Workes
,
how
profitable
are
they
without
the
Campe
,
being
the
only
meanes
and
remedie
,
neuer
deceiuing
against
great
Ordinance
,
and
to
make
your
approches
without
perill
to
any
Citie
.
Workes
are
of
wonderfull
effect
to
blocke
vp
Townes
,
to
defend
your selfe
in
them
against
the
enemy
;
and
with
Workes
you
may
performe
that
,
which
otherwise
is
not
to
bee
done
with
great
Bands
of
men
.
They
haue
likewise
their
place
in
the
battell
,
either
to
fortifie
your selfe
suddenly
on
any
side
against
the
enemy
,
or
to
traine
and
draw
him
on
,
or
else
to
make
an
orderly
retreat
.
You
shall
reade
that
trenches
were
cast
by
Sylla
,
against
the
sudden
circumuention
of
Mithridates
huge
Armie
and
infinite
multitude
of
Horse
.
And
that
the
like
was
done
by
Caesar
vpon
another
reason
and
occasion
.
What
need
words
?
The
effect
will
proue
the
saying
of
Domitius
Corbulo
true
,
that
An
enemy
is
to
be
ouercome
with
the
spade
,
that
is
,
with
Workes
.
Would
God
we
had
mindes
to
trie
,
and
to
lead
the
Souldier
hither
by
little
and
little
,
and
that
one
would
not
be
faultie
herein
by
the
example
of
another
.
neither
the
length
of
age
(
as
Vegetius
saith
)
nor
number
of
yeeres
doe
teach
the
Art
of
Warre
,
but
continuall
meditation
of
exercise
.
An
vnexercised
Souldier
is
alwaies
raw
,
though
he
haue
serued
neuer
so
long
.
Lust
ruleth
in
stead
of
Law
,
and
the
Sword
challengeth
the
place
of
Right
.
Who
at
this
day
punisheth
Theft
?
Who
Rapes
?
Nay
who
Murther
?
For
Whoredome
and
Adulterie
are
now
counted
braue
exploites
,
and
worthy
to
be
rewarded
with
a
Crowne
.
If
I
speake
of
abstinence
and
frugalitie
in
Diet
,
I
shall
be
scorned
with
the
tongue
out
;
of
swearing
or
periurie
,
I
shall
be
thrust
out
of
dores
by
the
head
and
shoulders
.
Shamefastnesse
and
honour
,
whither
are
you
gone
?
How
are
you
banished
from
the
most
part
of
our
Europe-seruice
.
I
protest
againe
,
my
complaint
and
accusation
is
not
against
the
good
.
I
write
against
you
,
you
spots
and
wems
of
noble
Mars
,
which
make
the
warres
a
refuge
and
sanctuarie
for
your
villanies
.
I
haue
sufficiently
declared
,
that
the
Romans
held
another
course
.
There
Iustice
,
Chastitie
,
and
Innocencie
,
dwelt
in
Campe
,
and
their
Souldiers
were
in
no
place
fierce
and
violent
,
but
against
the
enemie
.
I
rip
not
vp
those
things
,
which
I
a
while
agoe
spake
of
.
But
truly
they
are
such
,
as
albeit
many
will
debase
in
speech
,
yet
can
they
not
but
extoll
them
in
minde
.
And
yet
who
is
so
haire-braind
that
dares
controll
them
?
They
doe
not
so
,
but
say
that
those
times
are
gone
;
that
this
age
requires
other
manners
.
O
good
and
sweet
conceites
.
As
though
men
were
other
now
,
then
they
were
wont
,
or
another
reason
gouerned
,
and
that
which
is
iust
not
iust
in
all
ages
,
and
so
that
which
is
vniust
.
The
matter
is
,
they
are
hardly
laid
vnto
being
enioined
to
abstinence
from
outrage
and
vices
,
to
turne
their
hands
against
Enemies
,
not
Citizens
,
to
reserue
their
strength
for
Mars
,
not
for
Venus
;
in
summe
not
to
consume
their
entertainment
or
pay
in
dicing
,
lewdnesse
,
and
gluttonie
.
Concerning
which
pay
,
it
comes
fitly
to
my
minde
to
admonish
,
that
the
ancient
warriers
would
be
sure
to
take
heed
not
to
commit
all
to
the
Souldiers
hands
;
but
,
as
Vegesius
saith
;
It
was
diuinely
ordained
,
that
halfe
should
be
sequestred
to
be
laid
vp
with
the
Ensigne
,
and
reserued
there
for
the
Souldiers
,
lest
it
might
be
consumed
by
their
Cabin-mates
in
lauishnesse
and
idle
expences
.
O
excellent
,
and
as
he
tearmeth
it
,
Diuine
Ordinance
,
carying
with
it
a
double
profit
,
and
that
most
euident
;
namely
,
to
make
the
Souldier
more
continent
,
and
sparing
,
lesse
giuen
to
wantonnesse
,
banquetting
,
and
companie
,
and
to
make
him
fight
with
greater
courage
in
defence
of
the
Ensigne
,
According
to
mans
nature
(
as
the
same
Authour
noteth
)
which
euer
hath
more
care
of
that
wherein
he
seeth
his
Wealth
lie
.
Which
thing
I
also
obserue
to
haue
beene
practised
by
a
Grecian
Generall
,
named
Iphycrates
.
Polyenus
writeth
of
him
,
that
in
paying
his
Souldiers
,
he
with-held
euerie
month
A
fourth
part
,
and
retained
it
for
a
pledge
,
lest
they
should
easily
forsake
the
Armie
.
And
so
he
had
both
his
Companies
full
,
a●●
his
Souldiers
rich
.
Who
seeth
not
that
this
may
or
rather
ought
to
be
practised
in
our
loose
manners
,
seeing
that
otherwise
our
Souldiers
being
,
as
it
were
,
gloriously
prodigall
,
continue
,
though
seruing
neuer
so
long
,
alwaies
poore
and
needie
,
and
would
be
alwaies
readie
to
sterue
,
if
they
had
not
libertie
to
spoile
.
These
things
,
and
the
like
,
might
easily
be
imitated
by
vs
,
if
we
had
a
little
higher
mindes
,
and
as
the
Poet
saith
,
our
hearts
seasoned
with
Noble
honestie
.
Now
it
is
knowne
how
Rewards
and
Punishment
excite
and
bridle
,
which
whole
kinde
is
omitted
by
vs
through
carelesnesse
and
indulgence
.
Rewards
.
Punishment
If
the
rewards
of
Promotion
were
againe
brought
to
their
right
course
,
it
would
doe
much
good
,
and
that
without
any
expence
of
the
Treasurie
.
I
speake
of
this
kinde
,
as
when
a
Souldier
for
his
vertue
ascendeth
by
degrees
,
and
a
difference
is
betwixt
the
Captaines
themselues
.
If
some
little
aduantage
were
adioined
to
their
places
,
how
would
it
inflame
the
lower
sort
of
Souldiers
?
Lastly
Crownes
,
and
Chaines
,
and
those
other
things
particularized
by
me
,
together
with
publike
commendation
and
praise
would
transport
ingenuous
mindes
not
only
to
danger
,
but
to
death
it selfe
.
Notwithstanding
I
would
not
haue
punishment
omitted
.
Vertue
cannot
rise
,
where
Vice
accompanieth
it
with
equall
pace
.
And
Souldiers
are
to
be
held-in
with
a
sharpe
and
seuere
kinde
of
chastisement
.
From
whence
are
so
many
Rebellions
and
Mutinies
,
Threatnings
and
Weapons
bent
against
their
owne
Commanders
?
From
want
of
punishment
,
and
from
too
much
libertie
.
And
albeit
other
causes
be
pretended
,
these
are
the
true
and
inward
causes
.
Let
them
be
repressed
with
punishment
,
and
a
Souldier
learne
more
to
feare
his
Generall
,
than
his
Enemie
.
I
haue
enough
weighed
these
things
in
the
true
Ballance
of
Comparison
,
especially
being
so
vnequall
.
I
exhort
againe
that
they
be
put
in
practise
.
But
whom
doe
I
exhort
?
I
wish
he
,
that
hath
interest
,
and
whom
I
marke
out
with
these
eyes
of
my
minde
,
were
present
,
and
had
the
hearing
of
all
,
that
hath
beene
discoursed
.
But
that
resteth
in
the
Diuine
Prouidence
:
heare
he
,
or
heare
he
not
,
right
and
reason
will
heare
,
and
approue
the
practise
,
reuenge
the
slighting
and
contempt
of
them
.
FINIS
.
Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
Notes for div A15803-e220
Notes for div A15803-e10780
Notes for div A15803-e15930
Notes for div A15803-e20500
Notes for div A15803-e26720
Notes for div A15803-e31990
Notes for div A15803-e37920
Notes for div A15803-e47310