¶ The manere to speke of hawkes fro an egge tyll they ben able to be taken .

FOR to speke of Hawkes / Fyrste they ben egges And afterwarde they ben dysclosed hawkys . And comynly goshawkis ben disclosyd assoone as the choughꝭ and in some place more tymely after the countree is of hete & tymely bredynge . ¶ And we shall saye that hawkis done : eyer : and not brede in the woodes . ¶ And we shall saye that hawkis done : drawe : whan they beere tymberyng to theyr nestis / and not they : buylde : ne make their nestis : ¶ And in the tyme of their loue they : calle : and not : cauke : ¶ And we shall saye that they : treede : . ¶ And whan they ben vnclosyd and begyn to feder ony thynge of lengthe : anone by kynde they woll drawe somwhat oute of the neste : & drawe to bowes and come ayen to theyr neste . And thenne they ben callyd : bowesses : . ¶ And after saynt Margarytes daye they wyll fle fro tree to tree . And thenne they ben callyd : braunchers : . And thenne it is tyme for to take theym . ¶ And .vij. nyghtes before saynt Margarites daye and .vij. nyghtes after : is beste takyng of spare hawkis .

ANd yf your hawke be harde pennyd : she maye be drawen to be reclaymyd . For all the whyle that she is tendre pennyd she is not able to be reclaymyd . ¶ And yf she be a goshauke or tercell that shal be reclamed : euer fede her with wasshe meete at the drawynge : & at the reclaymynge / But loke that it be hote . And in this manere wasshe it ¶ Take the meete & goo to the water & stryke it vp & downe in the water : and wrynge the water out / and fede her therwith & she be a brauncher . And yf it be an eyesse ye must wasshe the meete clener than ye do to the brauncher / And wyth a lynnen clothe wype it and fede her . ¶ And euer more the thyrde daye gyue her castynge whan she is fleenge yf she be a goshawke or tercell in this manere . ¶ Take new blanket clothe and kytte .v. pellettes therof of an ynche longs : and take the flesshe and kytte .v. morcelles / And wyth a kniues poynt make an hole in eueri morcell : and put therin the pellettys of clothe / And take a fayr dysshe wyth water and put theym therin . Thenne take the hawke & yeue her a morcell of hote meete the quantyte of halfe her supper . Thenne take that that lyeth in the water and fede her for all nyghte .

YF your hawke be a spare hawke : euer fede her wyth vnwasshe meete / And loke that her castynge be plumage . Thenne loke that it be clene vnder the perche . And on the nexte day ye shall fynde the castynge vnder the perche . And there ye shall knowe whether the hawke be clene or noo . For some pece wyll be yelowe : & some grene : and some glaymous : & some clere . And yf it be yelowe : she engendryth the Frounce / whyche is an euyll that woll ryse in the mouth or in the cheke . And yf it be grene : she engendryth the Rye . The condycyon of this euyll is this : It woll aryse in the heed & make the heed to swell / & in the eyen all glaymous & derke . And but it haue helpe it woll downe in to the legges & make the legges to rancle . And if it go fro the legges in to the heed ayen thy hawke is but loste . And yf it be glaymous and ropynge : she engendryth an euyll callyd the Cray / that is whan an hawke maye not muteyse .

¶ A medycyne for the Frounce in the mouthe : Take a syluer spone and put the smalle ende in the fyre tyll it be hote . Thenne lete holde the hawke : and open her beke and brenne the sore / and anoynt it wyth the mery of a gose that hath lyen longe : and she shall be hole . And yf the Frounce be wexid as grete as a notte Thenne there is a grubbe therin . whyche ye shall kytte wyth a rasure in this manere . Lete holde the hawke and slytte the olace where the sore is / and ye shall fynde there in as it were th● mawe of a pegeon . Take it oute all hoole / and take a payre o● sheerys and kytte the hole of the sore : and make it as fayr as ye maye wyth a lynnen clothe . And whype clene the blood awaye And enoynte the sore wyth bame foure dayes suyngly : and afterwarde wyth Papylyon tyll it be hole .

¶ How the Frounce comyth ¶ The Frounce comyth whan a man fedyth hys hawke wyth porke or cattys flesshe four dayes togyder . ¶ How the Rye comyth ¶ For defawte of hote meete this syknesse the Rye comyth . ¶ How the Craye comyth ¶ The Craye comyth of wasshe meete whyche is wasshe wyth hote water in the defawte of hote meete . Also it comyth of thredes whyche ben in the flesshe that the hawke is fedde with . For though ye pyke the flesshe neuer soo clene : yet ye shall fynde thredes therin .

¶ And euer more eche thyrde daye lete your hawke bathe hym durynge the Somer yf it be fayre weder . And onys in a weke in Wynter yf it be fayre weeder and not ellys . And whanne ye bathe youre hawke : euer geue her a morcell of hote meete vnwasshe though she be a goshawke .

¶ How ye maye cause your hawke to fle wyth a courage in the mornynge .

¶ Yf ye woll that your hawke fle in the morough tyde : fede her the nyght before wyth hote meete . And wasshe the same meete in vryne : and wrynge oute the water clene . And that shall make her to haue luste and courage to fle in the mornynge in the beste manere .

¶ How ye shall guyde you yf your hawke be full goorgyd and ye wolde soone haue a flyghte .

¶ Yf your hawke be full goorgyd : and that ye wolde soone vppon haue a flyghte / Take four cornes of whete and put theym in a morcell of flesshe : and yeue the same morcellys to the hawke : and she wyll caste anone all that she hath wythin her . And a none after that she hath cast : loke ye haue a morcell of hote mete to yeue her . And yf your hawke be ouergorgyd : yeue her the same medycyne .

¶ Take and chauf wyth your hondys the fundement of youre hawke wyth warme water a longe tyme . And after that take the powdre of Saxifrage : or ellys the powdre of rewe : & a quantyte of May butter / and tempre it well togider tyll they ben euyn medled / Thenne put it in a lytyll boxe & stoppe it faste . And as ofte as ye fede your hawke an hoole meele : anoynt her meete a lytyll therwyth / & that shall make her to loue meete the better : for loue of the oynement . And it shall saue her fro the Craye & from many other syknesses that gendre ofte in an hawke .

¶ Also take the hote herte of an hogge or of a pygge : and fede her two dayes therwyth : and she shall be hole .

¶ Also take porke and weete it in hote mylke of ● cowe and fede the hawke therwyth / and that shall make her muteyse at the beste wyse .

¶ Also porke wyth the mery of the boon of the butte of porke shall make her muteyse / and fede her wyth bothe togyder .

¶ Also vse her to fresshe butter and it woll doo the same .

¶ Also one meele or two at the moost of the hote liuer of a pigge shall make her to muteyse well . Bewaar ye yeue her not to grete a gorge therof : for it is a peryllous meete .

¶ Also take the white of an egge : & labour the same in a spounge as well as ye wolde make glayre for redde ynke tyll it be lyke water . Put the same in a vessell : & lete the mete that shalbe for her soper lye a stepe therin al the day before / & at nyghte fede her ther wyth . And that whiche shalbe for her dyner in the mornyng lete it lye all the nyghte . but in ony wyse that ye haue alwaye fresshe gleyre . And of her fedynge be porke it is the better . ¶ That is prouyd .

IN the begynnynge of kyndly ●peche of the termys that belonge to hawkys here ye maye fynde theym . The fyrste is Holde faste at all tymes / and specyally whan she batyth . It is callyd batynge : for she batyth wyth herself moost often causeles . ¶ The seconde is Rebate your hawke to your fyste . and that is whan your hawke batith : the leest meuynge that ye can make wyth your fyste : she wyll rebate ayen vpon youre fyste . ¶ The thirde is Fede your hawke / and not gyue her meete . ¶ The fourth is An hawke snytyth : or sueth her becke . and not wipyth her beke . ¶ The fyfth Your hawke Ioukyth / & not slepyth . ¶ The syxte Youre hawke proynyth / and not pyckyth . And she proynyth not but whan she begynnyth at her leggys : and fetchith moysture lyke oyle at her tayll : and bamyth her fete / and striketh the feders of her wynges thrugh her becke . And it is callyd the Note : whan she fetchith suche oyle . And ye shal vnderstonde that an hawke wolde not be lette of her proynyng For atte suche tyme as she proynyth she is lykynge and lusty . And whan she hath doon she woll rowse her myghtly . ¶ A●●●ome tyme youre hawke countenauncyth as she pyckyd her / and yet she proynyth not . And thenne ye muste saye She refourmyth her feders / and not pyckyth her feders . ¶ The seuenth Your hawke colyeth / and not beckyth . ¶ The eyghte She rowsith / and not shaketh herself . ¶ The nynthe She streynyth / and not claweth ne cratchyth . ¶ The tenthe She mantellyth : and not stretchyth whan she puttyth her legges from her : one after a nother : and her wynges folowe her legges . Thenne she doth mantyll her . And whan she hath mantyllyd her and bryngyth bothe her wynges togyder ouer her backe : Ye shall saye youre hawke warbellyth her wynges . And that is one terme dewe therfore . ¶ The enleuenth ye shall saye Your hawke mutessyth or mutyth / and not shiteth . ¶ The twelfyth ye shall saye Caste your hawke to the perche / and not sette youre hawke vppon the perche .

¶ An hawke puttyth ouer whan she remeuyth the meete from her goorge in to her bowellys . And thus ye shall knowe it : whan she puttythouer she trauersyth wyth her body / and specyally wyth the necke as a crane dooth or a nother byrde .

¶ An hawke Enduth neuer as longe as her bowelles ben full at her fedynge / But as soone as she is fedde : and restyth / she enduth lytyll and lytyll . And yf her goorge be wyde and the bowell ony thynge stiffyd : ye shall saye she is Embowellyd and haue not fully Endewed . ¶ And as longe as ye maye fynde ony thynge in her bowelles it is ryghte peryllous to gyue her ony meete .

¶ Saye an hawke hath a longe wynge : A fayr longe taylle wyth .vi. barrys out : and stondyth vpon the seuenth . This hawke is enterpennyd : That is to saye / whan the feders of the wynges ben betwene the body and the thyghes . This hawke hath an huge legge or a flatte legge / or a rounde legge / or a fayr enseryd legge .

¶ Hawkes haue whyte mayll : Canuasmayll or redde mayll . And some calle redde mayll Yren mayll : whyte mayll is soone knowen . Canuasmayll is betwene white mayll and yren mayll And yren mayll is very redde .

¶ And yf your hawke : nomme : a foule / and the foule breke awaye fro her : She hath : dyscomfit : many feders of the foule / and is broken awaye . For in kyndly speche ye shall saye youre hawke hath : nōmyd : or seesid a foule / and not : take : it .

¶ And oft tymes it happith many an hawke for egrenesse whan he sholde nomme a foule he seesith but the feders . And as ofte as he doth so he ryflyth . Therfore suche hawkes ben callyd : ryfeleres : yf they doo ofte so .

NOw ye shal vnderstonde the names of the membres of hawkes : to begynne at theyr fete and goo vpwarde / as knyghtes ben harnessyd & armyd . And so we shall enarme her .

YF ye wyll reclayme your hawke ye must depart one meele in thre meeles vnto the tyme that she woll come to reclayme . And whan she woll come to reclayme : encreece her meeles euery daye better & better . And or she come to the reclame make her that she soore not . For though she be wel reclamed it maye happe that she woll soore soo hyghe in to the ayre that ye shall neyther se nor fynde her .

¶ And yf your hawke shall fle to the pertryche : loke that ye ensayme her or she fle . whether she be brauncher or eyesse or mewyd hawke .

¶ An hake is callyd an Eyesse of her eyen . For an hawke that is brought vp vnder a bustarde or a putrocke : as many ben haue watry eyen . For whan they ben dysclosed and kepte in ferme tyll they ben full sommyd : ye shall knowe theym by theyr watery eyes / And also her loke woll not be soo quycke as a Braunchers is . And so by cause the beste knowlege is by the eye : they ben callyd Eyesses .

¶ Ye maye also knowe an Eyesse by the palenesse of the seres of her legges of the sere ouer the beke : and also by the tayntys that ben vpon her tayll and her wynges / whyche tayntes corde for lacke of fedynge whan they ben eyesse .

¶ A taynt is a thynge that gooth ouerwharke the feders of the wynges & of the tayll lyke as it were eren wyth wormys . And it begynnyth fyrste to brede at the body in the penne . And that same penne shall frete asondre and fall awaye thrugh the same taynt / And thenne is the hawke dysparagyd for all that yere .

¶ Vnderstonde ye for certen : that aslonge as your hawkys fete ben blackysth & rough : she is full of grece . And euer as she ensaymyth : her fete woll waxe yelowe and smothe .

WHan ye haue ensaymyd your hawke and reclaymyd her and that she is redy to fle to the pertryche / Ye must take a pertryke in youre bagge & goo in to the felde : and lete your spanyels fynde a Couy of pertryches . And whan they ben vp and begyn to scatre : ye must haue markers to marke some of theym . And thenne cowple vp your houndes . whan ye haue so doon lete some felow of yours preuely take the pertryche oute of your bagge : and teye it by the legge wyth a creaunce / and caste it vp as hyghe as he can . And as soone as the hawke seeth her she woll fle therto . And yf your hawke seesyth the pertryche aboue : yeue her a rewarde therupon . And goo after that by laysur to the pertryche that ben markyd and doo as I shal tell you here folowynge . ¶ Yf ye haue a chastysyd hounde that woll be rebuked : and is a retryuer . Vncouple him and noo moo of your houndys : and go to a syngler pertryche of the couy so sparclyd . And be as nyghe as ye can to the rysinge therof . And yf your hawke desyre : caste her to . And yf she take it : thenne is your hawke made for that yere . And of the same pertriche that she sleeth : thus ye must rewarde her as it shewyth here nexte folowynge .

¶ Take a knyfe & kytte the heed and the necke from the body of the pertryche . And strype the skynne away from the necke . & gyue the same to the hawke . And couere the body of the foule with a bonet or an harte : and laye the sayd heed & the necke therupon . And yf she woll forsake the foule that she plumyth on & come to the rewarde : Thenne preuely take away the pertryche & rewarde your hawke with the brayne & the necke . Beware that she ete noo bonys : for that is euyll to endewe . And it woll make her vnlusty for to fle . And thus ye must serue her of as many as she sleeth . But lete her rewarde be the lesse : For elles she maye be soone full goorgyd . And thenne she maye fle no more a grete whyle .

¶ And whan your hawke hath slayne a foule : and is rewardyd as I haue sayd / Lete her fle in noo wyse tyll she hath reioycyd her : that is to saye Tyll she hath sewyd or snytyd her beke . or elles rowsyd her . And whan she hath doon ony of thise : or all . Go & retryue moo and she woll nymme plente .

¶ Whan your hawke hath nomme a foule how ye shall do that ye rebuke not the hawke . ¶ Lerne well do thynge : and beware therof . whan your hawke hath nomme a pertryche / stonde a good waye of : and come not to nyghe her / And dryue awaye your houndes for rebukynge of her . For many hawkys loue noo houndys . And also many houndes woll benymme theym their game from their fote . and that is peryllous . And whyle your hawke plumyth : come softly towarde her alwaye nere and nere . And yf she leue plumynge and loke vpon you : stonde styll & cherke her : and whystyll her . tyll she plume ayen . And thus serue her tyll ye be ryght nyghe her . Thenne softe and layserly falle vpon your knees . And preuely whyle she plumyth : sette your honde & be sure of the gesse And thenne ye may guyde all thyng as ye wyll . And yf ye doo the contrary she woll for fere cary her game : or lete it goo quycke And that is but losse to you and your hawke also .

¶ A medicyne for to make an hawke to caste that is acombryd wyth castynge wythin her body . ¶ Take the Iuys of Salandyne : and wete a morcell of flesshe therin / to the quantyte of a notte . And gyue that morcell to the hawke . And that shall make her for to caste her olde castynge . and the hawke shall be sauf .

¶ Wasshe the flesshe that your hawke shal be fedde wyth in the Iuce of Fenell . And that shall take awaye that pryde from her : and make her to leue her soorynge whether she be lene or fatte ¶ And many tymes an hawke woll soore whanne she lackyth bathynge .

¶ Take quycke syluer & put it in a bassen of brasse : and put there to Saladyne & asshes : and medle it well togyder tyll all the quycke syluer be deed . And medle therto fatte of bonys : and anoynt the hawke therwyth . And hange it abowte her necke tyll it fall awaye / and that shall slee the lyes .

¶ Also powdre of Orpement blowen vpon an hawke with a penne shall slee the lyes .

¶ Also take a dagon or pece of rough blanket vnshore : and holde it to the fyre vnto tyme it be thrugh out warme : and wrappe the hawke therin . And thenne holde her softely and stylly for hurtynge in your hondys . and the wermyn̄ woll crepe in to the clothe .

¶ Also holde her in the sonne on a fayr daye / and ye shall se the vermyn crepe oute vpon her feders . Thenne take a knyfe & wete th one syde of the blade therof wyth your mouth . And alway as they appere laye the wete syde of the knyfe to theym : & they woll cleue therto . And thenne ye maye slee theym .

¶ Now by cause I speke of Ostregeres / Ye shall vnderstonde that they ben callyd Ostregeres that kepe goshawkes or tercelles . And those that kepe spare hawkys and muskettys : ben callyd Speruyteres . And kepers of all other hawkys aren callyd Fawkeners .

¶ Hawkys haue abowte theyr leggys Gesses made of ledder moost comynly / some of sylke . whyche sholde be noo lenger but that the knottys of theym sholde appere in myddys of the lefte honde bytwene the longe fyngre and the leche fyngre / by cause the Lewnes sholde be fastenyd to theym wyth a payre of Tyrettys . whyche Tyrettys sholde rest vpon the Lewnes and not vpon the Gesses : for hangynge and fastynge vpon trees whan she fleeth . And those same Lewnes ye shall fasten theym abowte your lytyll fyngre slackly : in compassynge the same in foure or fyue folde as a bowe strynge vnoccupied . And the Tyrettes serue to kepe her from wyndinge whan she bathyth .

¶ Also the same lethers that ben put in her belles to be fastnyd abowte her legges : ye shall call Bewettys .

¶ Also ye shall calle the longe lyne that ye doo call your hawke to reclayme wyth : your Creaunce : what so euer it be .

¶ Put the flesshe that your hawke shall ete in fayre water . And fede her therwyth thre dayes . And she shall holde her flesshe in the beste wyse .

An hawke that hath loste her courage a man maye knowe yf he woll take good hede . For suche is hir manere : Whan she is caste to a foule : she fleeth awaywarde as though she knewe not the fowle . Or ellys she woll fle a lytyll waye after : and anone he yeuyth it vp . & for suche an hawke this is a good medicyne .

¶ An hawke that hath the teyne a man may soone knowe if he take hede : for this is her manere . She woll pante more for one batynge than a nother for foure . & yf she sholde fle a lytyll whyle : she sholde almost lese her brethe / whether she be fatte or lene & alway she makith heuy chere . And for that this is the medicyne

¶ Take a quantyte of the rednesse of Hasyll wyth the powdre of Rasne & peper : and somwhat of gynger / And make therof in fresshe grece thre pellettꝭ and holde the hawke to the fyre . And whan she felyth the hete : make her to swalowe the thre pellettꝭ by strengthe . And knytte faste her beke that she caste it not out And doo soo thryes : and she shall be sauf .

¶ Also take Rasne and Rubarbe and grynde it togyder : and make Iuce therof / and wete the flesshe therin : and giue it her to ete And she shall be hole .

¶ Also take Alisaundre & the rote of Pryme roses & the rote of Grognauteles : and seeth all in the butter of a kowe . And gyue her thre morcellꝭ euery day vnto the tyme that she be hole . And loke that she be voyde whan ye gyue her the medycyne .

WHo so takyth an hawke from the eyrer : him byhouyth to do wysely : in bryngynge hym easely / & to kepe hym well from colde : and from hurtynge of his bonys . For they ben full tendre : and they must haue grete reste . And they maye not haue stynkyng & fylthy ayre : but as clene as can & may be thought . And euer more gyue hym clene meete & hote / and a lytyll & often . And chaunge often theyr meete : but loke it be hote And kytte her meete in to smalle morcellys : for they sholde not tyre on bonys tyll they myghte fle . Thenne after whan she begynnyth to penne : and plumyth & spalchyth and pykyth herselfe . Put her in a close warm̄ place that no fulmertys nor fecheus nor other vermyn come not in to her . And lete the place be sure from wynde & reyne : and thenne she woll preue herself . And euer more gyue her good hote meetys . For it is better to a man to fede his hawke while she is tendre wyth hote meetys : to make her good wyth some cost : than to fede her with euyll meetys to make her vnthryfty wyth lytyll coste . And loke whan she begynnyth to ferme : thenne gyue her bathynge .

¶ Marke well this siknesse : and bewaar therof . This is the medycyne therfore . ¶ Ye shall take an herbe that is callyd Neppe and put it in a smalle gutte of a capon or of an henne . And knytte it wyth a threde : and lete her receyue it hole . And she shal be hole and sauf . Thus ye shall knowe whan your hawke hath wormys in her bowke . ¶ Loke whan she hath castynge : and ye shall fynde one or two obowte her castynge place yf she hath ony

¶ Take the Lymayll of pren and medle it wyth flesshe of porke . And gyue it two dayes to the hawke for to ete . And she shal be hole .

¶ Whan ye se your hawke hurte hir fete wyth hir beke : and pullyth her taylle : thenne she hath the aggresteyne . ¶ For this syknesse take the dounge of a douue & of a shepe / and of an alowe & stronge vyneygre / and do al softly in a basyn of brasse . And medle theym well togyder to serue thre dayes after . And gyue her flesshe of a coluer wyth hony and wyth powder of peper . And sette her in a derke place : and soo doo .ix. dayes . And whan ye se newe feders in the tayll : wasshe her wyth Eucrose : and she shal be hole and sauf .

¶ For this Crampe take a whyte loof of breed somwhat colder than it comyth out of the oouen : and lete holde the hawke softly for hurtynge . And kytte the loof almost thrugh out : and dysplaye the wynge easely . and holde it betwene the two partes of the loof . and lete it be holde so the space of halfe a quarter of an houre / and she shall be hole .

¶ The Crampe comyth to an hawke with talkynge of colde in her youthe . Therfore it is gode for a hawke to kepe her warme yonge & olde . And this medycyne is good at all tymes for her whether she be yonge or olde .

¶ Yf ye loue well your hawke : kepe her well . and put her not late in mewe . For who so for couetysenesse of fleenge lesyth the tyme of his hawkes mewyng and wythholdyth her tolonge ther fro : he maye after put her in mewe at auenture / For thenne a parte of her mewynge tyme is paste . ¶ who so puttyth his hawke in mewe in the begynnynge of Lente : yf she be kepte as she owyth to be : she shall be mewyd in the begynnynge of Auguste .