The
historie
of
Cambria
,
now
called
Wales
:
A
part
of
the
most
famous
Yland
of
Brytaine
,
written
in
the
Brytish
language
aboue
two
hundreth
yeares
past
:
translated
into
English
by
H.
Lhoyd
Gentleman
:
Corrected
,
augmented
,
and
continued
out
of
Records
and
best
approoued
Authors
,
by
Dauid
Powel
Doctor
in
diuinitie
.
CVM
PRIVILEGIO
.
To
the
Right
worshipfull
Sir
Philip
Sydney
knight
.
IT
is
the
maner
of
most
writers
(
Right
worshipfull
)
in
dedicating
of
their
bookes
,
to
praise
and
extoll
the
vertues
and
noble
qualities
of
such
men
as
they
choose
to
be
the
patrons
of
their
works
,
whereby
to
winne
some
credit
and
countenance
to
themselues
:
the
which
thing
I
see
to
be
doone
by
a
great
number
of
writers
(
as
well
strangers
as
countreymen
)
who
haue
set
out
the
praise
and
commendation
of
your
noble
gifts
:
I
am
therefore
at
this
time
to
direct
my
stile
the
rather
to
admonish
you
how
to
emploie
and
vse
the
same
,
to
that
end
that
they
are
bestowed
vpon
you
,
than
otherwise
vainelie
with
suspicion
of
flatterie
to
speake
of
them
.
And
first
I
would
haue
you
to
consider
with
your selfe
,
that
you
haue
receiued
all
the
good
gifts
you
haue
at
the
hands
of
almightie
God
,
who
is
the
giuer
of
all
goodnesse
,
for
the
which
your
dutie
is
to
render
most
humble
and
hartie
thanks
vnto
his
diuine
maiestie
.
The
end
also
for
the
which
they
are
giuen
vnto
you
,
is
at
no
time
to
be
forgotten
,
that
is
,
the
setting
foorth
of
the
glorie
of
God
,
&
the
benefit
of
your
countrie
.
Call
also
to
remembrance
,
that
they
be
talents
deliuered
vnto
you
of
credit
to
vse
for
a
time
,
for
the
which
you
must
render
an
account
whensoeuer
it
pleaseth
the
owner
to
call
you
to
it
:
the
more
you
haue
,
the
greater
your
account
will
be
;
for
he
that
hath
receiued
fiue
talents
is
further
to
be
charged
than
he
which
hath
receiued
but
one
;
and
he
that
hath
receiued
ten
,
deeper
than
he
that
hath
receiued
but
fiue
.
Vse
them
therefore
and
hide
them
not
in
a
napkin
,
for
they
are
the
better
for
the
wearing
;
the
more
you
vse
them
,
the
more
they
will
increase
;
the
more
you
laie
out
,
the
richer
you
shal
be
.
Haue
alwaies
before
your
eies
the
glorie
of
God
,
neuer
forget
the
same
in
anie
thing
you
doo
:
seeke
the
weale
publike
of
your
countrie
,
labour
to
doo
it
good
in
anie
thing
you
may
,
while
you
haue
time
so
to
doo
:
for
you
haue
but
a
while
to
remaine
heere
,
awaie
you
must
go
after
the
common
course
of
nature
.
Let
the
remembrance
of
your
account
when
your
stewardships
is
ended
,
be
neuer
out
of
your
mind
.
These
be
the
cheefe
points
leading
the
right
path
to
true
nobilitie
:
these
you
shall
find
set
out
at
large
in
that
booke
,
wherewithall
you
are
most
delighted
.
For
the
putting
of
these
things
in
practise
,
I
am
to
laie
downe
two
examples
for
you
to
imitate
,
the
which
(
because
they
are
domesticall
)
ought
to
mooue
you
to
be
the
more
willing
to
follow
them
.
The
one
in
your
own
noble
father
,
who
alwaies
hath
beene
and
yet
is
more
inclined
and
bent
to
doo
good
to
his
countrie
,
than
to
benefit
or
inrich
himselfe
,
as
Wales
and
Ireland
,
beside
his
owne
can
beare
him
witnesse
.
The
other
in
your
honorable
father
in
lawe
,
Sir
Francis
Walsingham
,
hir
Maiesties
cheefe
Secretarie
,
a
man
for
his
zeale
of
Gods
glorie
,
and
loue
towards
them
that
feare
God
vnfainedlie
,
well
knowne
to
the
world
.
Follow
their
steps
,
with
the
remembrance
of
that
noble
house
,
out
of
the
which
you
are
descended
by
your
honourable
mother
,
and
then
you
cannot
doo
amisse
.
Labour
by
the
example
of
your
father
to
discouer
and
bring
to
light
,
the
acts
of
the
famous
men
of
elder
times
,
who
with
conference
of
the
estate
and
gouernment
of
all
ages
,
will
bring
you
to
the
perfect
experience
of
those
things
that
you
haue
learned
out
of
Aristotle
,
Plato
,
and
Cicero
,
by
your
trauell
in
philosophie
.
Your
father
,
with
his
great
expenses
and
labour
,
hauing
procured
&
gotten
to
his
hands
the
histories
of
Wales
and
Ireland
(
which
countries
for
manie
yeeres
with
great
loue
and
commendation
he
gouerned
)
committed
vnto
me
this
of
Wales
,
to
be
set
foorth
in
print
,
with
direction
to
proceed
therein
,
and
necessarie
bookes
for
the
dooing
thereof
.
And
although
I
was
vnsufficient
for
dooing
of
it
,
yet
I
haue
doone
mine
indeuour
,
and
now
doo
present
the
same
vnto
your
worship
,
as
by
good
reason
due
to
the
sonne
and
heire
of
him
that
was
the
procurer
and
bringer
of
it
to
light
:
desiring
you
to
accept
it
with
as
good
will
as
the
same
is
offered
vnto
you
,
and
so
following
the
godlie
zeale
,
loue
of
the
common
wealth
,
and
care
to
doo
it
good
,
of
so
noble
and
worthie
parents
,
to
beare
countenance
and
fauour
to
the
countrie
of
Wales
,
which
hartilie
wisheth
you
honourable
preferment
in
the
feare
of
God.
The
Lord
increase
his
gifts
in
you
to
his
glorie
,
the
benefit
of
the
commonwealth
,
and
your
endlesse
comfort
.
From
my
lodging
in
London
the
25.
of
March.
1584.
Your
worships
readie
at
commandement
,
Dauid
Powel
.
CAradoc
of
Lancaruan
(
gentle
Reader
)
collected
the
successions
&
actes
of
the
Brytish
Princes
after
Cadwalader
,
to
the
yeare
of
Christ
1156.
Of
the
which
collections
there
were
seuerall
copies
afterward
kept
in
either
of
the
Abbeis
of
Conwey
and
Stratflur
,
which
were
yearelie
augmented
as
things
fell
out
,
and
conferred
together
ordinarilie
euerie
third
yeare
,
when
the
Beirdh
which
did
belong
to
those
two
Abbeis
went
from
the
one
to
the
other
in
the
time
of
their
Clêra
,
Clêra
is
their
ordinarie
visitation
which
they
vse
euerie
third
yeare
.
wherein
were
contained
besides
,
such
notable
occurrences
hapning
within
this
Ile
of
Brytaine
,
as
they
then
thought
worthie
the
writing
:
which
order
of
registring
and
noting
continued
in
those
Abbeis
vntill
the
yeare
1270.
which
was
a
little
before
the
death
of
the
last
Lhewelyn
who
was
slaine
at
Buelht
.
These
collections
were
copied
by
diuers
,
so
that
there
are
at
this
daie
of
the
same
in
Wales
a
hundred
copies
at
the
least
,
whereof
the
most
part
were
written
two
hundred
yeares
ago
.
This
booke
Humffrey
Lhoyd
gentleman
(
a
paineful
and
a
worthie
searcher
of
Brytish
antiquities
)
translated
into
English
,
and
partlie
augmented
,
chieflie
out
of
Matthew
Paris
,
and
Nicholas
Triuet
:
but
before
the
booke
was
polished
(
hauing
yet
manie
imperfections
,
not
onelie
in
the
phrase
,
but
also
in
the
matter
and
substance
of
the
historie
)
it
pleased
God
to
take
him
awaie
in
the
floure
of
his
time
:
who
(
if
God
had
spared
him
life
)
would
not
onelie
haue
set
out
this
historie
absolute
and
perfect
,
but
also
haue
opened
vnto
the
world
other
antiquities
of
this
land
,
which
now
lie
hidden
and
vnknowen
.
The
copie
of
his
translation
,
the
Right
honorable
Sir
Henry
Sidney
Lord
President
of
Wales
(
whose
disposition
is
rather
to
seeke
after
the
antiquities
,
and
the
weale
publike
of
those
countries
which
he
gouerneth
,
than
to
obtaine
lands
and
reuenewes
within
the
same
,
for
I
know
not
one
foote
of
land
that
hee
hath
either
in
Wales
or
Ireland
)
had
lieng
by
him
a
great
while
,
and
being
desirous
to
haue
the
same
set
out
in
print
,
sent
for
me
in
September
last
,
requesting
me
to
peruse
and
correct
it
,
in
such
sort
as
it
might
be
committed
to
the
presse
.
But
I
(
knowing
my selfe
to
be
far
vnable
to
performe
and
accomplish
those
things
which
are
requisite
to
the
publishing
of
such
an
historie
,
and
being
otherwise
called
and
imploied
)
was
verie
loath
anie
thing
to
medle
therein
,
and
so
excused
my selfe
;
yet
he
conceiuing
a
better
opinion
of
me
than
there
was
cause
,
would
needs
haue
me
to
doo
mine
indeuour
in
that
behalfe
.
Whose
request
I
was
not
of
dutie
to
gainesaie
or
withstand
,
and
therevpon
I
promised
to
doo
my
best
,
which
trauell
two
things
haue
caused
me
to
be
the
more
willing
to
take
it
in
hand
.
First
,
because
I
see
the
politike
and
martiall
actes
of
all
other
inhabitants
of
this
Iland
,
in
the
time
of
their
gouernment
to
be
set
out
to
the
vttermost
,
and
that
by
diuers
and
sundrie
writers
:
and
the
whole
doings
and
gouernment
of
the
Brytaines
the
first
inhabitants
of
the
land
,
who
continued
their
rule
longer
than
anie
other
nation
,
Rob.
Caenal
.
li.
2.
Par.
2.
to
be
nothing
spoken
of
nor
regarded
of
anie
,
especialie
sithence
the
reigne
of
Cadwalader
,
hauing
so
manie
monuments
of
antiquitie
to
declare
and
testifie
the
same
,
if
anie
would
take
the
paines
to
open
and
discouer
them
to
the
vew
of
the
world
.
The
second
thing
that
mooued
me
therevnto
,
is
the
slanderous
report
of
such
writers
,
as
in
their
bookes
do
inforce
euerie
thing
that
is
done
by
the
Welshmen
to
their
discredit
,
leauing
out
all
the
causes
and
circumstances
of
the
same
:
which
doo
most
commonlie
not
onelie
eleuate
or
dissemble
all
the
iniuries
and
wrongs
offered
and
done
to
the
Welshmen
,
but
also
conceale
or
deface
all
the
actes
worthie
of
commendation
atchieued
by
them
.
Search
the
common
Chronicles
touching
the
Welshmen
,
and
commonlie
thou
shalt
find
that
the
King
sendeth
some
noble
man
or
other
with
an
armie
to
Wales
,
to
withstand
the
rebellious
attempts
,
the
proud
stomachs
,
the
presumptuous
pride
,
stirre
,
trouble
and
rebellion
of
the
fierce
,
vnquiet
,
craking
,
fickle
and
vnconstant
Welshmen
,
and
no
open
fact
laid
downe
to
charge
them
withall
,
why
warre
should
be
leuied
against
them
,
nor
yet
they
swaruing
abrod
out
of
their
owne
countrie
to
trouble
other
men
.
Now
this
historie
dooth
shew
the
cause
and
circumstances
of
most
of
those
warres
,
whereby
the
qualitie
of
the
action
may
be
iudged
.
And
certeinlie
no
man
is
an
indifferent
witnesse
against
him
whom
he
counteth
his
enimie
or
aduersarie
,
for
euill
will
neuer
speaketh
well
.
The
Welshmen
were
by
the
Saxons
and
Normans
counted
enimies
,
before
the
twelfth
yeare
of
Edward
the
first
,
while
they
had
a
gouernour
among
themselues
:
and
afterward
,
when
king
Edward
had
brought
the
countrie
to
his
subiection
,
he
placed
English
officers
to
keepe
them
vnder
,
to
whome
most
commonlie
he
gaue
the
forfaits
and
possessions
of
such
Welshmen
as
disobeied
his
lawes
,
and
refused
to
be
ruled
by
the
said
officers
:
the
like
did
the
other
Kings
that
came
after
him
.
The
said
officers
were
thought
oftentimes
to
be
ouer-seuere
and
rigorous
for
their
owne
profit
&
commoditie
:
which
things
caused
the
people
often
to
disobeie
,
&
manie
times
like
desperate
men
to
seeke
reuengement
,
hauing
those
for
their
iudges
which
were
made
by
their
ouerthrow
,
and
also
wanting
indifferencie
in
their
causes
and
matters
of
griefes
:
for
the
Kings
alwaies
countenanced
and
beleeued
their
owne
officers
,
by
them
preferred
and
put
in
trust
,
before
their
accusers
,
whom
they
liked
not
of
.
Wherevpon
the
inhabitants
of
England
fauoring
their
countriemen
and
freends
,
reported
not
the
best
of
the
Welshmen
.
This
hatred
and
disliking
was
so
increased
by
the
stirre
and
rebellion
of
Owen
Glyndoure
,
that
it
brought
foorth
such
greeuous
lawes
,
as
few
Christian
kings
euer
gaue
or
published
the
like
to
their
subiects
.
These
things
being
so
,
anie
man
may
easilie
perceiue
the
verie
occasion
of
those
parentheseis
and
briefe
notes
of
rebellion
and
troubles
obiected
to
the
Welshmen
,
without
opening
of
cause
or
declaration
of
circumstances
.
The
Normans
hauing
conquered
England
,
and
gotten
all
the
lands
of
the
Saxon
nobilitie
,
would
faine
haue
had
the
lands
of
the
Welshmen
also
,
wherevpon
diuers
of
them
entred
▪
Wales
with
an
armie
,
so
that
the
Welshmen
were
driuen
for
their
owne
defense
to
put
themselues
in
armour
:
for
the
which
fact
they
are
by
some
writers
accused
of
rebellion
,
wheras
by
the
law
of
Nature
it
is
lawfull
for
all
men
to
withstand
force
by
force
.
Vim
vi
repellere
licet
.
They
were
in
their
owne
countrie
,
the
land
was
theirs
by
inheritance
and
lawfull
possession
:
might
they
not
therefore
defend
themselues
from
violence
and
wrong
,
if
they
could
?
What
right
or
lawfull
title
had
the
Earle
of
Chester
to
Ryuonioc
&
Tegengl
?
or
the
Earle
of
Salope
to
Dyuet
,
Caerdigan
,
&
Powys
?
or
Rob.
Fitzhamon
to
Glamorgan
?
or
Barnard
Newmarch
to
Brechnoke
?
or
Ralph
Mortimer
to
Eluel
?
or
Hugh
Lacy
to
the
land
of
Ewyas
?
or
anie
other
of
them
to
anie
countrie
in
Wales
?
By
what
reason
was
it
more
lawfull
for
those
men
to
dispossesse
them
of
these
countries
with
violence
and
wrong
,
than
for
them
to
defend
and
keepe
their
owne
?
Shall
a
man
be
charged
with
disobedience
,
because
he
seeketh
to
keepe
his
purse
from
him
that
would
robbe
him
?
I
meane
not
by
this
to
charge
those
Noble
men
,
which
wan
these
countries
by
the
sword
:
but
I
speake
it
to
note
the
parcial
dealing
of
the
writers
&
setters
foorth
of
those
histories
,
that
should
haue
reported
things
indifferentlie
,
as
they
were
done
,
and
laid
downe
the
causes
and
circumstances
of
euerie
action
truelie
,
who
being
altogither
parciall
,
fauoring
the
one
side
&
hating
the
other
,
do
pronounce
of
the
fact
according
to
their
priuate
affections
,
condemning
oftentimes
the
innocent
,
and
iustifieng
the
wrong
doers
.
These
considerations
I
saie
,
besides
my
bounden
duty
,
caused
me
to
venture
to
take
this
thing
in
hand
.
The
translation
of
H.
Lhoyd
I
haue
conferred
with
the
Brytish
booke
,
whereof
I
had
two
ancient
copies
,
and
corrected
the
same
,
when
there
was
cause
so
to
doo
.
And
after
that
the
most
part
of
the
booke
was
printed
,
I
receiued
another
larger
copie
of
the
same
translation
,
being
better
corrected
,
at
the
hands
of
Robert
Glouer
Somerset
Herald
,
a
learned
and
studious
Gentleman
in
his
profession
,
the
which
if
I
had
had
at
the
beginning
,
manie
things
had
come
foorth
in
better
plight
than
they
now
be
.
Againe
,
I
got
all
the
authors
that
I
could
come
by
,
which
haue
anie
thing
written
of
the
affaires
of
Wales
,
as
Gildas
,
Asser
Meneuensis
,
Galfride
,
William
of
Newborow
,
Matthew
Paris
,
Matthew
Westminster
,
Thomas
Walsingham
,
Ponticus
Virunnius
,
Polydor
Virgil
,
Io.
Leyland
,
Io.
Bale
,
I.
Prise
,
Matthew
Parker
,
Io.
Caius
,
William
Lambert
,
and
all
the
English
Chronicles
printed
.
In
written
hand
I
had
Gildas
Sapiens
alias
Nennius
,
Henrie
Huntington
,
William
Malmsbury
,
Marianus
Scotus
,
Ralph
Cogshall
,
Io.
Euersden
,
Nicholas
Triuet
,
Florentius
Vigorniensis
,
Simon
of
Durham
,
Roger
Houedon
,
and
other
which
remaine
in
the
custodie
of
I.
Stowe
citizen
of
London
,
who
deserueth
commendation
for
getting
togither
the
ancient
writers
of
the
histories
of
this
land
.
I
had
also
the
Brytish
books
of
petegrees
.
I.
Castoreus
,
&
Syluester
Giral
.
Cambrensis
,
which
with
diuers
other
rare
monuments
of
antiquitie
,
I
receiued
at
the
hands
of
the
Right
Honorable
the
Lord
Burghley
high
treasurer
of
England
:
who
also
directed
me
by
his
letters
to
all
the
offices
where
the
Records
of
this
realme
are
kept
,
out
of
the
which
I
haue
gathered
a
great
part
of
this
historie
,
and
more
would
haue
done
,
if
the
time
had
permitted
.
The
copie
I
haue
conferred
with
the
aforenamed
authors
,
and
where
I
found
them
to
intreat
of
the
matters
therein
contained
,
I
haue
noted
them
in
the
margine
,
and
in
such
authors
as
are
printed
I
haue
most
commonlie
directed
thee
gentle
Reader
to
the
page
or
chapter
of
the
booke
where
thou
shalt
find
the
same
historie
treated
of
.
Againe
,
where
I
found
anie
thing
of
Wales
worthie
the
noting
in
the
said
authors
being
not
conteined
in
the
copie
,
I
haue
inserted
the
same
in
a
smaller
letter
with
this
marke
*
before
it
,
whereby
it
may
be
discerned
from
the
copie
it selfe
.
Further
,
such
things
as
were
breefly
set
downe
in
the
copie
without
signification
of
cause
or
declaration
of
circumstances
,
if
I
found
the
same
in
anie
of
mine
authors
treated
of
and
further
opened
,
I
haue
likewise
inserted
it
in
his
due
place
.
In
the
possession
and
succession
of
families
,
I
haue
sought
what
I
could
for
the
time
,
and
haue
laid
downe
most
of
the
noble
families
of
England
,
which
had
lands
in
Wales
,
or
descended
out
of
that
countrie
.
I
was
greatlie
furthered
in
this
worke
by
the
painefull
and
studious
trauell
of
the
right
worshipfull
Sir
Edward
Stradling
Knight
,
Thomas
Powel
of
Whittington
parke
,
and
Richard
Broughton
Esquires
.
In
the
description
I
haue
taken
the
lesse
paines
,
looking
dailie
for
the
comming
foorth
of
the
painefull
and
studious
trauell
of
some
other
,
who
hath
labored
in
that
behalfe
,
and
studied
all
the
Romane
and
Brytish
histories
concerning
the
ancient
names
of
nations
and
places
within
this
Iland
,
so
that
my
labour
were
superfluous
in
that
behalfe
.
Herein
if
happilie
I
haue
swarued
or
omitted
anie
thing
,
which
should
haue
beene
laid
downe
in
this
historie
,
I
neither
did
it
wittinglie
nor
willinglie
:
and
therefore
being
readie
vpon
better
information
to
amend
that
which
shal
be
found
to
be
amisse
,
if
any
so
shal
be
,
I
am
the
rather
to
be
born
withall
,
because
I
am
the
first
setter
out
in
print
of
this
historie
:
for
things
can
neuer
be
so
well
doone
at
the
first
when
there
is
but
few
that
doo
trauell
therein
,
as
they
maie
in
processe
of
time
,
when
euerie
man
putteth
to
his
helping
hand
,
which
curtesie
I
am
to
desire
of
thee
gentle
Reader
for
the
perfecting
of
this
worke
.
Concerning
the
alteration
of
the
estate
,
there
was
neuer
anie
thing
so
beneficiall
to
the
common
people
of
Wales
,
as
the
vniting
of
that
countrie
to
the
crowne
and
kingdome
of
England
,
whereby
not
onelie
the
maladie
and
hurt
of
the
dissention
that
often
hapned
betweene
the
Princes
of
the
countrie
,
while
they
ruled
,
is
now
taken
awaie
,
but
also
an
vniformitie
of
gouernment
established
;
whereby
all
controuersies
are
examined
,
heard
&
decided
within
the
countrie
:
so
that
now
the
countrie
of
Wales
(
I
dare
boldlie
affirme
it
)
is
in
as
good
order
for
quietnes
and
obedience
as
anie
countrie
in
Europe
:
for
if
the
rulers
and
teachers
be
good
and
doo
their
duties
,
the
people
are
willing
to
learne
,
readie
to
obeie
,
and
loath
to
offend
or
displease
.
And
if
it
please
God
once
to
send
them
the
Bible
in
their
owne
language
according
to
the
godlie
lawes
alreadie
established
,
the
countrie
of
Wales
(
I
doubt
not
)
will
be
comparable
to
anie
countrie
in
England
.
A
description
of
Cambria
now
called
Wales
:
Drawne
first
by
Sir
Iohn
Prise
knight
,
and
afterward
augmented
and
made
perfect
by
Humfrey
Lhoyd
Gentleman
.
FOr
as
much
as
it
is
necessarie
for
the
vnderstanding
of
this
historie
,
to
knowe
the
perfect
description
of
the
countrie
of
Wales
,
to
the
end
the
acts
atchiued
and
doone
in
the
same
may
be
the
better
knowne
;
I
thought
good
somewhat
to
trauell
therein
,
and
so
to
laie
downe
the
same
as
it
was
in
those
daies
,
and
as
it
is
now
:
that
the
reader
by
conference
of
both
times
may
the
better
vnderstand
this
worke
.
Therefore
after
the
three
sonnes
of
Brutus
had
diuided
the
whole
Ile
of
Brytaine
into
three
parts
;
that
part
conteined
within
the
French
seas
,
with
the
riuers
of
Seauerne
(
called
in
Brytish
Hafren
)
Dee
and
Humber
,
fell
to
the
eldest
sonne
Locrinus
,
which
was
after
his
name
called
Lhoyger
,
which
name
it
hath
in
the
Brytish
toong
to
this
daie
,
and
in
English
now
it
is
called
England
,
and
is
augmented
Northward
to
the
riuer
Tweed
.
The
second
sonne
Albanactus
had
all
the
land
Northward
from
Humber
to
the
sea
Orkney
,
called
in
the
Brytish
toong
Mor
Werydh
,
and
in
Latine
Mare
Caledonicum
.
The
third
sonne
Camber
had
to
his
part
all
that
which
remained
vndiuided
,
lieng
within
the
Spanish
and
Irish
seas
,
and
separated
from
England
,
Cambria
.
with
the
riuers
Seauerne
and
Dee
,
and
this
part
was
after
his
name
called
Cambria
,
and
the
inhabitants
thereof
Cambry
,
and
their
language
Camberaec
,
and
so
are
at
this
daie
.
So
that
they
haue
kept
the
same
countrie
and
language
this
2690.
and
odde
yeares
,
without
commixtion
with
anie
other
nation
,
especiallie
in
Northwales
,
as
it
shall
hereafter
appeare
.
And
bicause
the
name
of
this
countrie
is
changed
,
or
rather
mistaken
by
the
inhabitants
of
England
,
and
not
by
them
called
Cambry
,
but
Wales
:
I
thinke
it
necessarie
to
declare
the
occasion
thereof
,
which
is
,
that
where
the
Saxons
a
people
of
Germanie
were
the
first
that
after
the
Brytaines
inhabited
and
ruled
the
greatest
part
of
this
Ile
,
&
droue
the
Brytains
to
that
corner
,
which
according
to
the
maner
of
their
countrie
they
called
Wales
,
and
the
people
Welshmen
,
and
the
toong
Welsh
,
that
is
to
saie
Strange
,
or
not
of
them
vnderstanded
.
For
at
this
daie
the
inhabitants
of
the
lowe
countries
call
their
next
neighbours
language
of
Henegaw
,
or
other
that
speake
French
,
Walsh
,
as
a
language
to
them
vnknowne
.
Likewise
the
dwellers
of
Tyroll
&
other
the
higher
countries
of
Germanie
doo
name
the
Italian
their
next
neighbour
a
Welshman
,
and
his
language
Walsh
.
And
this
is
an
euident
proofe
,
that
they
which
harped
vpon
a
Queene
Gwalaes
,
and
of
a
Prince
Wala
(
of
whom
neither
Brytish
,
Latine
,
nor
English
historie
maketh
mention
)
were
fowlie
deceiued
:
and
so
likewise
was
a
great
historiographer
of
late
daies
,
which
saith
,
that
it
was
called
Walia
,
quasi
Italia
,
bicause
the
rest
of
the
Romans
which
remained
in
the
Ile
were
driuen
thither
.
Neither
is
this
anie
new
inuention
,
although
Polydore
Virgil
with
an
Italian
brag
dooth
glorie
himselfe
to
be
the
first
that
espied
it
out
,
for
diuers
ancient
writers
doo
alledge
the
same
cause
of
the
name
of
Wales
,
of
whom
Syluester
Giraldus
is
one
,
who
wrote
in
the
time
of
Henrie
the
second
after
the
conquest
,
before
380.
yeares
passed
:
which
is
an
euident
token
,
that
the
said
Polydore
did
either
neuer
see
nor
read
the
ancient
histories
of
this
realme
,
or
dissembleth
the
same
to
the
aduancement
and
praise
of
himselfe
and
his
countrie
:
which
to
the
learned
and
indifferent
reader
shall
appeare
to
be
the
onelie
occasion
he
tooke
that
worke
in
hand
,
for
all
his
booke
redoundeth
onlie
to
the
praise
and
honour
of
the
Romans
,
as
well
spirituall
as
temporall
,
and
to
blase
forth
their
acts
and
deeds
within
this
realme
:
and
vpon
the
other
part
dooth
either
openlie
slaunder
,
or
els
priuilie
extenuate
,
or
shamefullie
denie
the
martiall
prowesse
and
noble
acts
,
as
well
of
Saxons
,
Danes
,
and
Normans
,
as
of
the
Brytains
,
all
inhahiters
of
this
Ile
.
Which
thing
he
that
list
to
prooue
,
let
him
read
and
conferre
Caesars
Commentaries
,
Cornelius
Tacitus
,
Herodianus
,
and
other
ancient
writers
,
as
well
in
Latine
as
in
Greeke
,
with
his
worke
.
As
for
the
ancient
writers
of
the
Brytish
historie
,
as
the
Brytish
chronicle
,
the
historie
of
Gildas
,
Ponticus
Verunnius
,
yea
the
golden
worke
of
Matthew
Paris
moonke
of
Saint
Albon
,
which
wrote
from
William
Bastard
,
to
the
last
yeares
of
Henrie
the
third
;
I
dare
well
saie
he
neuer
sawe
them
,
they
be
in
diuers
places
to
be
had
,
so
that
the
truth
may
be
easilie
prooued
.
To
make
an
end
I
saie
,
that
he
being
first
a
straunger
borne
,
and
also
ignorant
as
well
in
the
histories
of
this
realme
,
as
of
those
toongs
and
languages
wherin
the
same
were
written
,
could
neuer
set
foorth
the
true
and
perfect
Chronicle
of
the
same
.
But
he
hauing
a
good
grace
and
a
pleasant
stile
in
the
Latine
toong
,
and
finding
himselfe
in
a
countrie
where
euerie
man
either
lacked
knowledge
or
spirit
to
set
forth
the
historie
of
their
owne
countrie
,
tooke
this
enterprise
in
hand
,
to
their
great
shame
,
and
no
lesse
dispraise
,
bicause
he
a
blind
leader
shall
drawe
a
great
number
of
vndiscreet
and
rash
folowers
,
as
well
Geographers
and
Cosmographers
,
as
Chroniclers
and
Historiographers
,
to
the
darke
pit
of
ignorance
,
where
I
leaue
them
at
this
time
,
remitting
the
reader
to
the
apologie
of
Sir
Iohn
Pryse
knight
,
and
his
Brytish
historie
,
written
by
him
of
purpose
against
the
enuious
reports
and
slaunderous
taunts
of
the
said
Polydor
,
where
he
shall
see
a
great
number
of
his
errors
confuted
at
large
.
And
to
returne
to
my
former
matter
of
the
name
of
Wales
,
Wales
.
which
name
to
be
giuen
of
late
by
a
straunge
nation
may
be
otherwise
prooued
:
for
the
Welshmen
themselues
doo
not
vnderstand
what
these
words
Wales
and
Welsh
doo
signifie
,
nor
know
anie
other
name
of
their
countrie
or
themselues
but
Cambry
,
nor
of
their
language
but
Cambraec
,
which
is
as
much
to
saie
as
Cambers
language
or
speech
.
So
likewise
they
know
not
what
England
or
English
meaneth
,
but
commonlie
they
call
the
countrie
Lhoyger
,
the
Englishmen
Sayson
,
A
Locrino
.
A
Saxonib
.
and
the
English
toong
Saysonaec
.
Which
is
an
euident
token
that
this
is
the
same
language
which
the
Brytaines
spake
at
the
beginning
:
for
the
works
of
Merdhyn
and
of
Taliessin
,
who
wrote
aboue
1000.
yeares
past
,
are
almost
the
same
words
which
they
vse
at
this
daie
,
or
at
the
least
easie
to
be
vnderstanded
of
euerie
one
which
knoweth
perfectlie
the
Welsh
toong
,
especiallie
in
Northwales
.
Beside
this
,
where
at
this
daie
,
there
doo
remaine
three
remnants
of
the
Brytaines
,
diuided
euerie
one
from
other
,
with
the
seas
which
are
in
Wales
,
Cornewall
(
called
in
Brytish
Cerniw
)
and
little
Brytaine
,
yet
almost
all
the
particular
words
of
these
three
people
are
all
one
,
although
in
pronunciation
and
writing
of
the
sentences
they
differ
somewhat
,
which
is
no
maruell
,
seeing
that
the
pronunciation
in
one
realme
is
often
so
diuers
,
that
the
one
can
scant
vnderstand
the
other
.
But
it
is
rather
a
wonder
,
that
the
Welshmen
being
separated
from
the
Cornish
,
well
nigh
these
900.
yeares
,
and
the
Brytaines
from
either
of
them
290.
yeares
before
that
,
and
hauing
small
traffike
or
concourse
togither
sithence
that
time
,
haue
still
kept
their
owne
Brytish
toong
.
They
are
not
therefore
to
be
credited
which
denie
the
Welsh
to
be
the
old
Brytish
toong
.
And
here
I
cannot
passe
ouer
what
one
of
these
fine
Chroniclers
wrote
of
late
,
of
the
name
of
Brytaine
,
affirming
that
it
should
be
so
called
of
Brytaine
in
France
,
as
the
elder
of
that
name
.
But
surelie
he
had
either
neuer
seene
Ptolomie
nor
Caesar
,
nor
anie
other
ancient
writer
,
or
read
them
with
small
iudgement
and
memorie
.
For
there
he
might
haue
learned
,
that
when
this
land
was
called
Brytaine
,
the
other
was
called
Armorica
,
&
how
in
Maximus
time
,
Rob.
Caenal
.
li.
2.
Per.
2.
Conan
Meriadoc
was
the
first
that
gaue
it
that
name
,
&
inhabited
it
with
Brytaines
out
of
this
Ile
▪
Other
deriuations
of
these
words
Brytania
,
and
Albion
,
out
of
Greeke
&
Latine
,
I
am
ashamed
to
rehearse
;
for
vnto
such
errors
doo
they
commonlie
fall
,
that
either
puffed
vp
with
vaine
glorie
of
their
owne
wits
,
or
pinched
with
despite
and
enuie
at
other
mens
works
;
or
blinded
with
ignorance
,
do
go
about
to
write
&
set
foorth
anie
historie
or
chronicle
.
But
passing
ouer
this
matter
vntill
an
other
time
,
The
meares
and
bounds
of
Wales
.
I
will
returne
to
the
description
of
Wales
,
which
(
as
I
said
)
was
of
old
time
compassed
almost
about
with
the
Irish
seas
,
&
the
riuers
Dee
and
Seauerne
,
although
afterwards
the
Saxons
wan
by
force
from
the
Brytaines
all
the
plaine
and
champion
countrie
ouer
the
riuers
,
and
speciallie
Offa
king
of
Mercia
,
who
made
a
ditch
of
a
great
breadth
and
depth
,
to
be
a
meare
betwixt
his
kingdome
and
Wales
,
which
ditch
began
at
the
riuer
Dee
,
by
Bassing
werke
betweene
Chester
and
Ruthlan
,
and
ran
along
the
hils
sides
to
the
south
sea
a
little
from
Bristowe
,
reaching
aboue
a
hundreth
miles
in
length
,
and
is
in
manie
places
to
be
seene
at
this
daie
,
bearing
the
name
of
Clawdh
Offa
,
that
is
to
saie
,
Offas
ditch
,
and
the
countrie
betweene
it
and
England
is
commonlie
called
in
Welsh
Y
Mars
,
although
the
greatest
part
of
it
be
now
inhabited
by
Welshmen
,
namlie
in
Northwales
,
which
yet
keepeth
the
ancient
limits
to
the
riuer
Dee
,
and
in
some
places
ouer
it
.
Other
(
as
Syluester
Giraldus
)
make
the
riuer
Wy
,
called
in
Welsh
Gwy
,
to
be
the
meare
betweene
England
and
Wales
on
the
South
part
called
Southwales
;
who
measureth
the
breadth
of
Wales
,
from
Salowe
or
Willoweford
called
Rhydyrhelig
vpon
Wy
,
to
Saint
Dauids
in
Meneuia
100.
miles
,
and
the
length
from
Caerlheon
vpon
Vsce
in
Gwentland
,
to
Holihead
called
Caergybi
in
Anglisey
,
in
Welsh
called
Môn
,
aboue
100.
miles
,
and
these
be
the
common
meares
at
this
daie
,
although
the
Welsh
toong
is
commonlie
vsed
and
spoken
Englandward
,
beyond
these
old
meeres
a
great
waie
,
as
in
Herefordshire
,
Glocestershire
,
and
a
great
part
of
Shropshire
.
And
thus
for
the
generall
description
of
Wales
,
which
afterward
about
the
yeare
of
Christ
870.
Rodericus
Magnus
,
king
of
Wales
,
diuided
it
into
three
territories
which
they
called
kingdomes
,
which
remained
vntill
of
late
daies
.
These
three
were
,
Gwynedh
,
in
English
Northwales
,
Deheubarth
,
in
English
Southwales
,
and
Powys
land
;
in
euerie
of
the
which
he
ordeined
a
princelie
seat
or
court
for
the
Prince
to
remaine
at
most
commonlie
:
as
in
Gwynedh
(
which
some
old
writers
call
Venedotia
for
Gwynethia
)
Aberffraw
in
the
Ile
of
Môn
or
Anglesey
.
Aberfraw
.
In
Deheubarth
called
in
Latine
Demetia
Caermardhyn
,
from
whence
it
was
afterward
remooued
to
Dineuowr
,
Dinevowr
.
eight
miles
thence
.
In
Powys
Pengwern
,
called
Y
Mwythic
,
and
in
English
Sherewsburie
,
from
whence
it
was
remooued
to
Mathraual
in
Powys
land
.
Mathraval
.
And
bicause
this
historie
dooth
as
well
intreate
of
warres
betwixt
these
three
prouinces
,
as
betwixt
them
and
the
Saxons
,
Normanes
and
Flemings
:
I
thinke
it
good
to
set
foorth
the
particular
description
of
euerie
part
by
it selfe
.
And
first
of
Northwales
as
the
cheefest
part
,
which
he
gaue
his
eldest
sonne
,
ordeining
that
either
of
the
other
two
should
paie
him
yearelie
200.
pound
of
tribute
,
Northwales
.
as
it
appeareth
in
the
lawes
of
Howel
Dha
,
which
are
to
be
had
in
Welsh
,
and
also
in
Latine
.
Therefore
Gwyneth
(
called
Northwales
)
had
vpon
the
Northside
the
sea
,
from
the
riuer
Dee
at
Basingwerke
to
Aberdyui
,
and
vpon
the
West
and
South
west
the
riuer
Dyui
which
diuideth
it
from
Southwales
,
and
in
some
places
from
Powys
land
.
And
on
the
South
and
East
it
is
diuided
from
Powys
sometimes
with
mountaines
,
and
sometimes
with
riuers
,
till
it
come
to
the
riuer
Dee
againe
.
This
land
was
of
old
time
diuided
to
foure
parts
,
of
which
the
cheefest
was
Môn
,
Môn
.
in
English
called
Anglesey
,
where
the
Princes
cheefe
house
was
at
Aberfraw
,
which
is
an
Iland
separated
from
the
maine
land
,
with
an
arme
of
the
sea
called
Maenai
,
&
had
in
it selfe
three
Cantreds
or
hundreds
,
which
were
subdiuided
to
sixe
comots
,
as
Cantref
Aberfraw
,
to
comot
Lhion
,
and
comot
Malhtraeth
,
Cantref
Cemais
,
to
the
comots
Talebolion
and
Twr
Celyn
.
Cantref
Rossyr
to
the
comots
Tindaethwy
and
Maenai
.
And
at
this
daie
there
is
a
trimme
towne
in
that
I
le
called
Beumarish
,
and
a
common
passage
to
Ireland
at
Caergybi
,
called
in
English
Holyhead
.
But
here
I
cannot
winke
at
that
notable
error
of
Polydor
,
which
(
after
his
accustomed
fashion
)
denieth
this
Ile
to
be
called
Môna
,
but
Anglesia
,
or
Anglorum
insula
,
bicause
it
is
called
in
English
Anglesey
,
and
giueth
this
name
Môna
to
Man
,
and
so
hath
lost
the
names
of
both
Iles
:
which
ignorance
and
forgetfulnes
might
be
forgiuen
him
,
if
he
had
not
drawne
a
great
number
to
this
error
with
him
,
which
in
their
charters
doo
dailie
wrong
name
these
Iles
,
which
may
be
easilie
prooued
.
First
,
bicause
the
inhabitants
of
the
Ile
doo
know
none
other
name
but
Môn
:
and
it
is
called
through
all
Wales
,
Tîr
Môn
,
that
is
to
saie
,
the
land
of
Môn
vnto
this
day
.
So
that
neither
by
memorie
of
man
,
neither
by
anie
monument
in
writing
in
the
Brytish
●●ong
can
it
appeare
,
that
euer
it
had
anie
other
name
but
Môn
,
yet
there
be
manifest
monuments
for
these
1000.
yeares
.
It
is
also
growne
to
a
prouerbe
through
Wales
,
for
the
fertilitie
of
the
ground
,
Môn
mam
Gymry
,
that
is
to
saie
,
Môn
mother
of
Wales
.
The
ancient
historie
of
Cornelius
Tacitus
(
which
belike
age
had
beaten
out
of
Polydors
head
)
saith
,
that
the
soldiours
of
Paulinus
Suetonius
,
and
afterward
of
Iulius
Agricola
,
after
they
had
passed
through
Northwales
,
then
came
ouer
against
Môna
,
where
they
did
swim
ouer
an
arme
of
the
sea
of
200.
pases
,
and
so
by
force
wanne
the
Ile
.
Now
whether
is
it
more
reasonable
thus
to
swimme
ouer
200.
pases
,
or
20.
miles
?
I
know
there
is
no
man
that
beleeueth
Polydor
in
this
point
:
let
all
men
therefore
by
this
iudge
the
rest
.
As
for
that
which
he
saieth
of
the
great
woods
,
it
is
nothing
:
for
both
the
Romanes
,
and
after
when
the
Christian
faith
tooke
place
in
this
realme
,
the
Christians
did
fall
and
roote
them
out
,
for
the
idolatrie
and
absurd
religion
which
was
vsed
there
:
that
the
king
of
Man
sent
for
timber
to
Môn
:
read
the
life
of
Hugh
Earle
of
Chester
;
which
also
is
euident
by
the
great
beeches
and
other
trees
found
in
the
earth
at
these
daies
.
His
other
reason
is
,
bicause
it
is
called
Anglesey
in
the
English
toong
:
so
is
Lhoyger
England
,
and
Cambry
Wales
,
are
those
therefore
the
old
names
?
No
surelie
.
And
what
if
the
inhabitants
called
it
so
?
(
as
they
did
not
)
had
it
not
a
name
before
the
Angles
wanne
it
?
Yes
I
warrant
you
,
but
he
had
forgotten
that
.
Now
to
the
name
of
Man
,
it
was
euer
,
or
at
the
least
these
1000.
yeares
named
in
Brytish
Manaw
,
of
which
commeth
the
English
name
Man
.
The
inhabitants
thereof
call
it
so
,
and
no
nation
about
it
did
euer
call
it
Môn
,
no
nor
any
writer
but
Polydor
,
which
was
too
yong
a
godfather
to
name
so
old
a
child
.
For
Gildas
who
wrote
aboue
900.
yeares
passed
,
whose
writings
Polydor
neuer
sawe
,
but
vntrulie
fathers
vpon
him
his
owne
deuise
;
Giraldus
in
his
description
of
Ireland
to
Henrie
the
second
,
&
Henrie
Huntington
,
doo
plainlie
call
Man
in
Latine
Eubonia
,
adding
thereto
either
Manaw
or
Man
,
for
the
better
vnderstanding
of
the
name
:
will
you
beleeue
them
or
Polydor
?
Other
arguments
there
are
which
I
will
passe
ouer
,
till
I
haue
more
leasure
and
occasion
to
write
of
this
matter
.
Aruon
.
The
second
part
of
Northwales
was
called
Aruon
,
which
is
as
much
to
saie
,
as
ouer
against
Môn
:
and
had
in
it
foure
Cantreds
,
and
ten
comots
.
Cantref
Aber
had
in
it
three
comots
,
Y
Lhechwedh
vchaf
,
Y
Lechwedhisaf
,
and
Nanconwy
.
Cantref
Aruon
had
two
comots
,
Ywch
Gwyruai
,
&
Isgwyruai
.
Cantref
Dunodic
had
two
comots
,
Ardudwy
and
Euionyth
.
Cantref
Lhyyn
containeth
three
comots
,
Cymytmayn
,
Tinlhayn
,
and
Canologion
.
This
is
now
called
Carnaruonshire
,
as
Môn
is
called
Anglesey
shire
,
and
haue
the
same
diuision
at
this
daie
.
In
this
shire
are
Snowdon
hils
,
called
Eryri
,
neither
in
height
,
fertilitie
of
the
ground
,
wood
,
cattell
,
fish
and
foule
,
giuing
place
to
the
famous
Alpes
,
and
without
controuersie
the
strongest
countrie
within
Brytaine
.
Here
is
the
towne
of
Caernarnon
,
called
in
the
old
time
Caer
segonce
:
and
there
also
is
Conwey
called
Caergyffyn
.
And
the
see
of
Bangor
,
with
diuers
other
ancient
castels
and
places
of
memorie
,
and
was
the
last
part
of
Wales
,
that
came
vnder
the
dominion
of
the
kings
of
England
.
It
hath
on
the
North
the
sea
and
Maenai
,
vpon
the
East
and
Southeast
the
riuer
Conwey
,
which
diuideth
it
from
Denbighshire
,
although
it
now
passe
the
riuer
in
one
place
by
the
sea
shore
.
And
on
the
Southwest
and
West
,
it
is
separated
from
Merionyth
by
high
mountaines
and
riuers
,
and
other
meares
.
The
third
part
of
Gwyneth
was
Merionyth
containing
three
Cantreds
,
Merionyth
.
and
euerie
Cantred
three
comots
.
As
Cantref
Meyreon
hath
three
comots
,
Talybont
,
Pennal
,
and
Ystumaner
.
Cantref
Arustly
had
these
,
Vwchcoed
,
Iscoed
,
and
Gwarthrenion
.
Cantref
Penlhyn
had
these
,
Vwchmeloch
,
Ismeloch
,
and
Micnaint
,
and
this
keepeth
the
said
name
till
this
daie
,
but
not
within
the
same
meres
,
and
is
full
of
hils
and
rocks
,
and
hath
vpon
the
North
the
sea
,
notable
at
this
daie
for
the
great
resort
and
number
of
people
that
repaire
thither
to
take
herrings
.
It
hath
vpon
the
East
Aruon
,
and
Denbighland
,
vpon
the
South
Powys
,
and
vpon
the
West
Dyui
,
and
Caerdiganshire
.
In
this
countrie
standeth
the
towne
of
Harlech
,
Tegyd
.
and
a
great
lake
called
●hyn
Tegyd
,
through
which
the
riuer
Dee
runneth
,
and
mingleth
not
with
the
water
of
the
lake
,
which
is
three
miles
long
,
and
also
the
salmons
,
which
are
commonlie
taken
in
the
riuer
hard
by
the
lake
,
are
neuer
seene
to
enter
the
lake
.
Likewise
a
kind
of
fish
called
Gwyniaid
,
which
are
like
to
whitings
,
and
are
full
in
the
lake
,
are
neuer
taken
in
the
riuer
.
Not
farre
from
this
lake
is
a
place
called
Caergay
,
which
was
the
house
of
Gay
,
Arthurs
foster
brother
.
This
shire
as
well
as
Aruon
,
is
full
of
cattell
,
foule
,
and
fish
,
with
great
number
of
read
deere
and
roes
:
but
there
is
great
scarsitie
of
corne
.
The
fourth
part
of
Gwyneth
,
Y
Bervedhwlad
.
was
called
Y
Beruedhwlad
,
which
may
be
Englished
,
the
inland
or
middle
countrie
,
which
conteined
fiue
Cantreds
and
13.
comots
,
as
Cantref
Ryuonioc
had
in
it
these
comots
,
Vwchalet
and
Isalet
.
Cantref
Ystrat
,
had
Hiraethoc
and
Cynmeirch
.
Cantref
Ros
these
,
Vwchdulas
,
Isdulas
,
and
Creuthyn
,
which
all
are
in
the
lordship
of
Denbigh
,
sauing
the
Creuthyn
which
is
in
Carnaruonshire
,
wherin
the
castell
of
Dyganwy
did
stand
,
which
was
the
Earles
of
Chester
,
and
is
commonlie
called
in
the
Latine
and
English
chronicle
Gannoc
.
Dyffryn
Clwyd
.
The
fourth
Cantref
was
Dyffryn
Clwyd
,
which
may
be
Englished
the
vallie
of
Clwyd
,
and
now
is
called
the
lordship
of
Ruthyn
,
and
hath
these
comots
,
Coleigion
,
Lhannerch
and
Dogueilyn
.
The
fift
Cantref
is
Tegengl
,
and
is
now
a
part
of
Flyntshire
,
hauing
these
comots
,
Counsylht
,
Prestatyn
,
and
Ruthlan
.
And
in
this
part
is
one
of
the
fairest
vallies
within
this
Ile
,
containing
18.
miles
in
length
,
and
4.5.6
.
or
7.
in
breadth
,
as
the
hils
either
drawe
inward
togither
,
or
backward
asunder
,
which
high
hils
doo
inclose
it
on
the
East
,
West
,
and
South
parts
,
and
Northward
the
sea
.
It
is
plentifull
of
cattell
,
fish
,
and
foule
,
corne
,
hey
,
grasse
,
and
wood
,
and
diuided
along
in
the
middest
with
the
riuer
Clwyd
,
to
whom
runneth
Clywedoc
,
Ystrat
,
Whilar
,
Elwy
,
and
a
great
number
of
other
riuers
from
the
hils
.
In
this
vallie
two
miles
from
the
sea
,
is
the
towne
and
castell
of
Ruthlan
,
An.
12.
Ed.
1.
where
sometimes
a
parliament
hath
beene
kept
.
And
two
miles
aboue
it
is
the
see
of
Saint
Asaph
,
betweene
the
riuers
Clwyd
and
Elwy
,
called
in
the
old
time
the
bishops
see
of
Lhan
Elwy
.
Foure
miles
thence
,
and
two
miles
from
the
riuer
,
is
situate
vpon
a
rocke
the
towne
and
castell
of
Denbigh
,
where
is
one
of
the
greatest
markets
in
the
marches
of
Wales
,
and
one
of
the
fairest
and
strongest
castels
within
this
realme
,
which
being
the
house
of
Dauid
brother
to
Lhewelyn
,
the
last
Prince
of
the
Welsh
blood
,
See
this
hist.
pag.
377.
was
enlarged
and
strengthned
by
Henrie
Lacy
Earle
of
Lincolne
,
to
whom
king
Edward
gaue
the
same
lordship
;
it
is
also
the
shire
towne
of
that
Shire
.
Fiue
miles
aboue
this
,
is
the
towne
of
Ruthyn
with
a
faire
castell
,
which
sometimes
belonged
to
the
Lords
Gray
Earles
of
Kent
.
This
part
of
Northwales
hath
vpon
the
North
the
riuer
Dee
,
and
the
sea
.
Vpon
the
West
Aruon
,
and
the
riuer
Conwey
.
South
and
East
,
Merionyth
,
and
the
countrie
then
called
Powys
.
And
these
be
the
meeres
and
bounds
of
Gwyneth
or
Venedotia
,
for
the
name
of
Northwales
conteineth
beside
this
all
Powys
at
these
daies
.
So
there
was
vnder
the
territorie
of
Aberfraw
15.
Cantreds
,
and
in
them
38.
comots
.
The
second
kingdome
was
Mathraual
,
Mathraval
or
Powys
.
which
in
right
order
was
the
third
,
as
that
which
came
to
the
third
brother
,
yet
for
the
better
vnderstanding
of
the
historie
folowing
,
I
haue
placed
it
here
.
To
this
kingdome
belonged
the
countrie
of
Powys
,
and
the
land
betwixt
Wy
and
Seauerne
.
Which
part
had
vpon
the
South
and
West
,
Southwales
,
with
the
riuers
Wy
and
Tywy
,
and
other
meeres
.
Vpon
the
North
Gwyneth
,
and
vpon
the
East
the
marches
of
England
,
from
Chester
to
Wy
,
a
little
aboue
Hereford
:
and
therefore
it
was
most
troubled
with
wars
,
as
well
of
the
Saxons
,
as
afterwards
of
the
Normanes
Lords
marchers
,
who
dailie
wanne
some
part
thereof
,
and
by
that
meanes
it
was
the
first
part
that
serued
the
kings
of
England
,
and
therefore
lesse
esteemed
of
all
the
rest
.
This
part
called
Powys
,
was
diuided
againe
into
Powys
Vadoc
,
and
Powys
Wenwynwyn
.
Powys
Vadoc
contained
in
it selfe
fiue
Cantreds
and
15.
comots
.
Cantref
Y
Barwn
,
which
hath
three
comots
,
Dynmael
,
Edeyrneon
,
and
Glyndourdwy
,
which
be
now
in
Merionithshire
(
sauing
Dinmael
which
is
in
Denbighshire
.
)
Cantref
Y
Rhiw
,
whose
comots
were
these
,
Yal
now
in
Denbighshire
:
Stratalyn
and
Hop
now
in
Flyntshire
.
Cantref
Vwchnant
hath
these
comots
,
Merfforth
in
Flyntshire
,
Maelor
Gymraeg
,
in
English
Bromfield
,
now
in
Denbighshire
,
and
Maelor
Saesneg
in
Flyntshire
.
Cantref
Trefred
containeth
these
comots
,
Croesvain
,
Tref
Y
Wayn
,
in
English
Chirke
,
and
in
Denbighshire
.
Croes
of
Wallt
,
English
Oswestree
and
in
Shropshire
.
Cantref
Rayder
with
his
comots
Mochnant
Israider
,
Cynlhaeth
&
Nanheudwy
all
in
Chirke
land
,
&
in
Denbighshire
.
Also
the
lordship
of
Whytington
now
in
Shropshire
,
was
in
this
part
of
Powys
,
which
part
at
this
daie
hath
lost
the
name
of
Powys
,
and
is
situate
in
diuerse
shires
,
as
it
appeereth
by
the
discourse
before
passed
.
In
this
part
is
the
castell
of
Holt
in
Bromefield
,
and
the
castell
of
Chirke
in
Chirkeland
.
Likewise
the
lordship
and
castell
of
Whytington
,
which
came
by
mariage
to
Fulke
Fitzwarren
.
There
is
beside
these
,
the
lordship
of
Oswesire
,
of
the
which
the
Fitzalans
haue
been
lords
these
300.
and
odde
years
,
and
of
diuers
other
lordships
in
those
marches
,
as
Shrarden
,
the
eleuen
townes
,
Clun
,
and
manie
others
,
which
be
all
now
in
Shropshire
.
The
second
part
called
Powys
Wenwynwyn
,
had
likewise
fiue
Cantreds
,
and
twelue
comots
.
Cantref
Y
Vyrnwy
had
these
comots
,
Mochnant
vwch
Rayader
,
Mechain
Iscoed
,
and
Lhannerch
Hudol
.
Cantref
Ystlyc
had
these
,
Devthwr
,
Gorthwr
Isaf
,
and
Strat
Marchelh
.
Cantref
Lhyswynaf
had
these
,
Caereneon
,
and
Mechain
Vwchcoed
.
Cantref
Cydewen
had
comot
Conan
and
comot
Hauren
.
Cantref
Conan
had
Cyueilioc
and
Mouthwy
,
which
is
now
in
Merionyth
shire
.
Of
all
these
,
the
three
first
Cantreds
doo
onlie
at
this
daie
beare
the
name
of
Powys
,
which
are
vpon
the
Northside
of
Seauerne
,
and
are
all
fiue
(
sauing
the
comot
of
Mowthwy
)
in
Mongomry
shire
.
This
is
a
countrie
full
of
woods
,
hils
,
and
riuers
,
and
hath
in
it
these
townes
,
the
Poole
,
Newtowne
,
and
Machynlhaeth
.
Arustly
was
in
old
time
in
this
part
,
but
afterwards
it
came
to
the
Princes
of
Gwyneth
.
These
lordships
came
by
iust
descent
from
the
Princes
thereof
,
to
a
woman
named
Hawys
,
the
daughter
of
Owen
ap
Gruffyth
,
as
appeareth
in
the
historie
following
,
page
215.
Arustly
and
Cyuelioc
came
to
the
Baron
of
Dudley
,
and
afterwards
it
was
sold
to
the
king
.
The
third
part
belonging
to
Mathraual
,
was
the
land
betweene
Wy
and
Seauerne
,
containing
foure
Cantreds
,
and
13.
comots
.
Cantref
Melienyth
hath
these
comots
,
Ceri
,
Swythygre
,
Riwalalht
,
and
Glyn
Ieithon
.
Cantref
Eluel
hath
these
,
Vwchmynydh
,
Ismynydh
,
and
Lhechdhyfnog
.
Cantref
Yclawdh
these
,
Dyffryn
Teyueydiat
,
Swydhynogen
,
and
Pennwelht
.
Cantref
Buelht
hath
these
,
Swydhyvam
,
Dreulys
,
and
Isyrwon
.
Of
this
part
there
is
at
this
daie
some
in
Mountgomerie
shire
,
some
in
Radnorshire
,
and
some
in
Brechnockeshire
.
In
this
part
and
in
the
lordships
marching
to
it
,
which
although
at
the
time
of
this
diuision
,
which
was
in
the
time
of
the
last
prince
,
were
not
in
his
subiection
,
yet
to
this
daie
speake
Welsh
,
and
are
called
Wales
,
and
in
these
comots
are
these
townes
and
castels
.
Mountgomerie
called
in
Welsh
Treualdwyn
,
a
pretie
towne
and
a
faire
castell
.
The
castell
of
Clunn
called
Colunwy
,
which
is
the
Earles
of
Arundell
.
The
towne
of
Knighton
,
in
Welsh
Trefyclawd
.
The
castell
of
Cymaron
.
Presteyn
in
Welsh
Lhanandras
.
The
towne
and
castell
of
Radnor
,
in
Welsh
Maesyuet
,
at
this
daie
the
shire
towne
.
The
towne
of
Kyngton
and
the
castell
of
Huntingdon
,
called
in
Welsh
Y
castelh
Mayn
,
which
were
the
Bohunes
Earles
of
Hereford
,
and
after
the
dukes
of
Buckingham
.
Castell
Payne
,
Haye
,
Lhanuair
in
Buelht
.
These
lordships
with
Brechnock
and
Abergeuennie
,
were
belonging
to
the
Bruses
lords
of
Brechnock
,
and
after
came
diuers
times
,
and
by
sundrie
meanes
to
the
Bohunes
,
Neuels
,
and
Mortimers
.
And
so
(
as
I
haue
rehearsed
)
in
this
territorie
or
kingdome
were
found
14.
Cantreds
,
and
40.
comots
.
Two
of
these
parts
,
which
are
Powys
and
Gwyneth
,
are
at
this
daie
called
Northwales
,
and
diuided
into
sixe
shires
.
Môn
called
Anglesey
,
Caernaruon
,
Merionyth
,
Denbigh
,
Flynt
,
and
Mountgomerie
shire
,
and
are
all
on
the
Northside
Seauerne
,
sauing
a
peece
of
Mountgomerie
shire
.
And
here
I
thinke
it
good
to
let
the
reader
vnderstand
what
the
Brytish
chronicle
saith
of
Northwales
,
which
affirmeth
that
three
times
it
came
by
inheritance
to
women
.
First
to
Stradwen
,
daughter
to
Caduan
ap
Conan
ap
Endaf
,
and
wife
to
Coel
Godeboc
,
mother
to
Cenaw
,
Dyvyr
and
Gwawl
.
The
second
time
to
the
same
Gwawl
wife
to
Edeyrn
ap
Padarn
,
and
mother
to
Cunetha
Wledic
:
which
Cunetha
inhabiting
in
the
North
parts
of
England
,
about
the
yeare
540.
after
the
incarnation
of
Christ
,
and
hearing
how
the
mingled
nations
of
Irish
Scots
,
and
Pictes
,
had
ouer
runne
the
sea
shore
of
Caerdigan
,
which
was
part
of
his
inheritance
,
sent
his
sonnes
thither
to
enioie
their
inheritance
,
of
the
which
Tibiaon
his
eldest
sonne
died
in
Man
,
which
land
the
said
Irish
Scots
had
wonne
.
For
Gildas
saith
,
that
of
the
children
of
Glam
Hector
,
which
peopled
a
great
part
of
Ireland
,
Yscroeth
with
his
people
inhabited
Dalrienda
,
which
is
a
part
of
Scotland
:
Builke
with
his
people
came
to
Man
.
But
I
thinke
it
good
to
put
in
Gildas
words
,
which
saith
:
Builke
cum
filijs
suis
inhabitauit
Euboniam
insulam
vulgò
Manaw
,
quae
est
in
meditullio
maris
inter
Hyberniam
&
Brytaniam
;
that
is
to
saie
,
Builke
with
his
children
inhabited
the
Ile
Eubonia
,
commonlie
Manaw
(
for
so
it
was
and
is
named
in
Brytish
)
which
lieth
in
the
middle
of
the
sea
,
betweene
Ireland
and
Brytaine
.
This
was
not
called
Môna
,
as
Polydor
faineth
.
The
children
of
Bethoun
inhabited
Demetia
,
which
is
Southwales
,
with
Gwyr
and
Cydweli
,
till
they
were
chased
thence
by
the
children
of
Cunetha
.
Thus
farre
Gildas
.
Therefore
the
sonnes
of
Cunetha
,
being
arriued
in
Northwales
(
as
well
I
thinke
being
driuen
by
the
Saxons
,
as
for
their
inheritance
)
diuided
the
countrie
betwixt
them
.
And
first
Meireaon
the
sonne
of
Tibiaon
,
the
sonne
of
Cunetha
,
had
Cantref
Meireaon
to
his
part
.
Arustel
ap
Cunetha
,
had
Cantref
Arustly
.
Caredic
ap
Cunetha
,
had
Caerdigion
,
now
Caerdigan
shire
.
Maelor
the
sonne
of
Gwran
,
sonne
to
Cunedha
had
Maeloron
,
that
is
,
the
two
Maelors
,
Maelor
Gymbraeg
,
called
Br.
and
Maelor
Saesneg
.
Dunod
had
Cantref
Dunodic
.
Edeyrn
had
Edeyrnion
.
Mael
had
Dynmael
.
Coel
had
Coleyon
.
Doguael
had
Dogueilyn
.
Ryvaon
had
Ryuonioc
,
now
Denbighland
.
Eneon
Yrch
had
Caereneon
in
Powys
.
Vssa
had
Maesvswalht
now
Oswestree
.
For
surelie
that
they
saie
commonlie
of
Oswald
king
of
Northumberland
,
to
be
slaine
there
,
and
of
the
Well
that
sproong
where
his
arme
was
caried
,
is
nothing
so
.
For
Beda
and
all
other
writers
testifie
that
Peanda
slew
Oswald
at
Maserfelt
,
in
the
kingdome
of
Northumberland
,
and
his
bodie
was
buried
in
the
abbey
of
Bardney
,
in
the
prouince
of
Lhyndesey
.
But
to
my
former
matter
.
These
names
giuen
by
the
sonnes
of
Cunetha
,
remaine
to
this
daie
.
After
this
the
Irish
Picts
or
Scots
,
which
the
Brytains
called
YGwydhyl
Phictiaid
,
which
is
to
saie
,
The
Irish
Pictes
,
did
ouerrunne
the
Ile
of
Môn
,
and
were
driuen
thence
by
Caswalhon
Lhawhîr
,
that
is
Caswalhon
with
the
long
hand
,
the
sonne
of
Eneon
Yrch
ap
Cunedha
,
who
slew
Serigi
their
king
with
his
owne
hands
,
at
Lhany
Gwydhyl
which
is
the
Irish
church
at
Holihead
.
This
Caswalhon
was
father
to
Maelgon
Gwyneth
,
whom
the
Latines
call
Maglocunus
,
Prince
and
king
of
Brytaine
.
In
his
time
was
the
famous
clerke
and
great
wiseman
Taliessyn
Ben
Beirdh
,
that
is
to
saie
,
the
cheefest
of
the
Beirdh
or
wisemen
:
for
this
word
Bardh
in
Caesars
time
,
signified
(
as
Lucan
beareth
witnes
)
such
as
had
knowledge
of
things
to
come
,
and
so
it
signifieth
at
this
daie
.
This
Maelgon
had
a
sonne
called
Run
,
in
whose
time
the
Saxons
inuited
Gurmond
into
Brytaine
from
Ireland
,
See
after
in
the
hist.
pa.
6.
who
had
come
thither
from
Affrike
,
who
with
the
Saxons
was
the
vtter
destruction
of
the
Brytaines
,
and
slew
all
that
professed
Christ
,
and
was
the
first
that
droue
them
ouer
Seauerne
.
This
Run
was
father
to
Beli
,
who
was
father
to
Iago
,
(
for
so
the
Brytaines
call
Iames
)
who
was
father
to
Caduan
,
and
not
Brochwel
called
Brecyual
(
as
the
English
chronicle
saith
:
)
for
this
Brochwel
Ysgithroc
,
See
in
the
hist.
pag.
22.
that
is
;
long
toothed
,
was
chosen
leader
of
such
as
met
with
Adelred
alias
Ethelbertus
Rex
Cantiae
,
and
other
Angles
and
Saxons
,
whom
Augustine
had
mooued
to
make
warre
against
the
christian
Brytaines
,
and
these
put
Brochwel
twise
to
flight
,
not
farre
from
Chester
,
and
cruellie
slew
a
1000.
preests
and
monkes
of
Bangor
,
with
a
great
number
of
laie
bretheren
of
the
same
house
,
which
liued
by
the
labour
of
their
hands
,
and
were
come
barefooted
and
woolward
to
craue
mercie
and
peace
at
the
Saxons
hands
.
And
heere
you
shall
vnderstand
that
this
was
not
Augustine
bishop
of
Hippona
the
great
clarke
,
but
Augustine
the
moonke
,
called
the
apostle
of
England
.
Then
this
Brochwel
retired
ouer
Dee
,
hard
by
Bangor
,
and
defended
the
Saxons
the
passage
,
till
Caduan
king
of
Northwales
,
Meredyth
king
of
Southwales
,
and
Bledrus
or
Bletius
Prince
of
Cornewall
,
came
to
succour
him
,
and
gaue
the
Saxons
a
sore
battell
,
and
slew
of
them
the
number
of
a
1066.
and
put
the
rest
to
flight
.
After
the
which
battell
,
Caduan
was
chosen
king
of
Brytaine
,
&
was
cheefe
ruler
within
the
Ile
;
after
whom
his
son
Cadwalhon
,
who
was
father
to
Cadwalader
,
the
last
of
the
Brytish
blood
,
that
bare
the
name
of
king
of
Brytaine
,
was
king
.
See
the
historie
folowing
,
pag.
24.
The
third
time
that
Northwales
came
to
a
woman
,
was
to
Esylht
the
daughter
of
Conan
Tindaythwy
,
the
sonne
of
Edwal
Ywrch
,
the
sonne
of
Cadwalader
.
She
was
wife
to
Meruyn
Vrych
,
and
mother
to
Roderike
the
great
,
as
shal
be
hereafter
declared
.
By
this
you
may
vnderstand
,
that
Northwales
hath
beene
a
great
while
the
cheefest
seate
of
the
last
kings
of
Brytaine
,
bicause
it
was
and
is
the
strongest
countrie
within
this
Ile
,
full
of
high
mountaines
,
craggie
rocks
,
great
woods
,
and
deepe
vallies
,
strait
and
dangerous
places
,
deepe
and
swift
riuers
,
as
Dyui
which
springeth
in
the
hils
of
Merionyth
,
and
runneth
Northwest
through
Mowthwy
,
and
by
Machynlaeth
,
and
so
the
sea
at
Aberdyui
diuiding
North
and
Southwales
a
sunder
.
Dee
called
in
Welsh
Dourdwy
,
springing
also
in
the
other
side
of
the
same
hils
,
runneth
East
through
Penlhyn
and
the
lake
Tegyd
,
downe
to
Corwen
and
Lhangolhen
,
betweene
Chirkeland
and
Bromefield
,
where
it
boweth
Northward
toward
Bangor
,
to
the
Holt
,
and
to
Chester
,
and
thence
Northwest
to
Flynt
castell
,
and
so
to
the
sea
.
There
is
also
Conwey
,
rising
likewise
in
Merionyth
shire
,
and
diuiding
Caernaruon
from
Denbigh
shire
,
runneth
vnder
Snowdon
Northeast
,
by
the
towne
of
Aberconwey
to
the
sea
.
Also
Clwyd
,
which
rising
in
Denbigh
land
,
runneth
downe
to
Ruthyn
,
and
plaine
North
,
not
farre
from
Denbigh
to
Saint
Asaph
,
and
so
by
Ruthlan
and
to
the
sea
.
There
be
manie
other
faire
riuers
,
of
which
some
runne
to
the
sea
,
as
Mawr
at
Traethmawr
,
and
Auon
y
Saint
at
Caernaruon
,
and
other
that
runne
to
Seauerne
,
as
Murnwy
in
Powys
,
and
to
Murnwy
Tanat
;
some
other
to
Dee
,
as
Ceirioc
betwixt
the
lordships
of
Chirke
and
Whittington
:
Alyn
through
Yal
and
Moldes
dale
,
and
Hope
dale
,
and
so
to
Dee
,
a
little
aboue
Chester
.
And
this
shall
suffice
for
the
perfect
description
of
that
which
in
old
time
was
called
Gwyneth
and
Powys
,
and
at
these
daies
the
sixe
shires
of
Northwales
.
Now
remaineth
the
last
kingdome
of
Wales
,
called
Dineuowr
,
Dinevowr
.
which
although
it
was
the
greatest
,
yet
was
it
not
the
best
,
as
Giraldus
witnesseth
,
cheefelie
bicause
it
was
much
molested
with
Flemings
and
Normans
,
and
also
that
in
diuers
parts
thereof
,
the
lords
would
not
obey
their
Prince
,
as
in
Gwent
and
in
Morganwc
,
which
was
their
owne
confusion
,
as
shall
hereafter
appeare
.
Caredigion
.
This
was
diuided
into
sixe
parts
,
of
the
which
Caredigion
was
the
first
,
and
conteined
foure
Cantreds
,
and
ten
comots
,
as
Cantref
Penwedic
had
in
it
these
comots
,
Geneurglyn
,
Perueth
and
Creuthyn
.
Cantref
Canawl
had
these
,
Meuenyth
,
Anhunoc
,
and
Pennarth
.
Cantref
Castelh
had
these
comots
,
Mabwynion
and
Caerwedros
.
Cantref
Syrwen
had
these
,
Gwenionyth
and
Iscoed
:
and
this
part
is
at
this
daie
called
in
English
Caerdiganshire
,
and
in
Welsh
Swydh
Aberteiui
.
This
is
a
champion
countrie
without
much
wood
,
and
hath
beene
diuers
times
ouercome
with
Flemings
and
Normans
,
which
builded
manie
castels
in
it
,
and
at
the
last
were
beaten
out
of
them
all
.
It
hath
on
the
East
Northwales
,
with
the
riuer
Dyui
and
part
of
Powys
,
vpon
the
South
Caermardhynshire
,
vpon
the
West
Penbroke
shire
,
with
the
riuer
Teiui
,
and
vpon
the
North
the
Irish
sea
.
In
this
part
is
the
towne
of
Caerdigan
vpon
Teiui
,
not
farre
from
the
sea
.
The
towne
of
Aberystwyth
vpon
the
riuer
Ystwyth
,
by
the
sea
,
and
Lhanbadarn
Vawr
,
which
was
a
great
sanctuarie
,
and
a
place
of
religious
and
learned
men
in
times
past
.
And
in
this
shire
were
a
great
number
of
castels
,
as
the
castell
of
Stratmeyric
,
of
Walter
,
of
Lhanrysted
,
of
Dynerth
,
of
the
sons
of
Wyneaon
,
of
Aber
Reidol
,
and
a
great
number
more
,
with
the
townes
of
Tregaron
,
Lhandhewibreui
,
as
you
shall
vnderstand
in
the
historie
folowing
.
The
second
part
was
called
Dyuet
,
Dyuet
.
and
at
this
daie
Penbroke
shire
,
and
had
in
it
eight
Cantreds
,
and
23.
comots
,
which
were
these
.
Cantref
Emlyn
that
had
these
comots
,
Vwchkuch
,
Iskuch
and
Leuethyr
.
Cantref
Arberth
had
these
,
Penrhyn
ar
Elays
,
Esterolef
,
and
Talacharn
.
Cantref
Daugledhev
had
these
,
Amgoed
,
Pennant
,
and
Euelfre
.
Cantref
YCoed
hath
these
,
Lhanhayaden
,
and
Castelh
Gwys
.
Cantref
Penvro
hath
these
,
Coedyr
,
haf
.
Maenor
byrr
,
and
Penvro
.
Cantref
Ros
hath
these
,
Hulfforth
,
castelh
Gwalchmai
and
Ygarn
.
Cantref
Pubidioc
hath
these
,
Mynyw
,
Pencaer
,
and
Pebidioc
.
Cantref
Cemais
hath
these
,
Vwchneuer
,
Isneuer
,
and
Trefdraeth
.
In
this
part
are
diuers
townes
and
hauens
at
this
daie
,
as
Penbrooke
Tenbie
,
in
Welsh
Dynbegh
y
pyscot
,
Herefordwest
,
in
Welsh
Hulfforth
,
with
the
faire
hauen
of
Mylford
,
called
in
Welsh
Aberdaugledheu
.
Saint
Dauids
or
Menevia
,
called
in
Welsh
Mynyw
,
the
cheefest
see
in
all
Wales
.
Then
Fiscard
called
Abergwayn
,
and
Newport
named
Trefdraeth
:
these
be
alongst
the
sea
coast
,
or
not
verie
farre
off
.
Besides
these
there
be
diuers
castels
,
as
Cilgerran
,
Arberth
,
Gwys
,
Lhanhayaden
,
Walwyn
,
and
diuers
other
.
This
part
was
wonne
first
by
Mountgomerys
Earles
of
Sherewsburie
,
and
after
giuen
Marshalls
,
and
so
to
Valence
,
and
from
thence
were
the
Princes
of
Wales
most
troubled
with
the
Normans
and
Flemings
,
who
doo
remaine
and
inhabit
about
Tenbie
,
Penbrooke
,
and
in
Ros
to
this
daie
,
which
can
neither
Welsh
nor
good
English
as
yet
.
Dyuet
(
for
so
will
I
call
it
hereafter
)
hath
on
the
West
and
North
the
Irish
sea
,
vpon
the
South
the
Spanish
sea
,
and
vpon
the
East
Caermardhynshire
,
&
on
the
Northeast
Caerdiganshire
.
The
third
part
was
Caermardynshire
,
Caermardhyn
hauing
foure
Cantreds
,
and
15
,
comots
,
as
Cantref
Finioc
with
the
comots
of
Harfryn
,
Deruedh
,
and
Isgeneny
.
Cantref
Eginoc
with
these
,
Gwyr
,
now
in
Glamorganshire
,
Cydweli
,
and
Carnwilheon
.
Cantref
Bachan
with
these
,
Malbaen
,
Caeo
,
and
Maenor
Deilo
.
Cantref
Mawr
with
these
,
Cethineoc
comot
mab
Elvyw
,
comot
mab
Vchdryd
and
Wydigada
.
In
this
shire
are
the
townes
and
castels
of
Caermardhyn
,
Dyneuowr
,
which
was
the
Princes
seat
of
the
countrie
,
Newtowne
,
Lhandeilo
,
Lhanymdhyfry
,
Emlyn
,
Swansey
,
now
in
Glamorganshire
,
called
in
Welsh
Abertawy
vpon
the
sea
,
the
castell
of
the
sonnes
of
Vchtryd
,
of
Lhanstephan
,
and
others
.
It
hath
vpon
the
West
,
Dyuet
or
Penbrooke
shire
,
on
the
North
Caerdiganshire
,
vpon
the
Southweast
the
sea
,
and
vpon
the
Southeast
Glamorgan
,
and
vpon
the
East
Brecknockshire
.
This
is
counted
the
strongest
part
of
all
Southwales
,
as
that
which
is
full
of
high
mountaines
,
great
woods
,
and
faire
riuers
,
speciallie
Tywy
.
In
this
,
and
in
the
other
two
parts
of
Southwales
,
were
the
notablest
acts
that
this
historie
intreateth
of
,
atchiued
and
doone
.
The
fourth
called
Morganwc
,
Morganwc
.
now
Glamorganshire
,
containing
foure
Cantreds
,
with
15.
comots
.
As
Cantref
Croneth
,
with
these
comots
Rwngneth
ac
Avan
,
Tir
yr
Hwndrwd
,
and
Maenor
Glynogwr
.
Cantref
Pennythen
with
these
,
Meyskyn
,
Glynrhodny
,
Maenor
Talauan
,
and
Maenor
Ruthyn
.
Cantref
Brenhinol
,
with
these
,
Cibowr
,
Senghennyth
,
Vwchcaeth
,
and
Iscaeth
.
Cantref
Gwentlhwg
,
which
is
now
in
Monmouthshire
,
with
these
comots
,
Yrhardh
Ganol
,
and
Eithafdylygion
.
In
this
part
are
these
townes
and
castels
,
Lhandaf
the
Bishops
sea
,
Caerdyffe
called
Caerdhydh
,
Cowbridge
called
in
Welsh
Y
bont
vaen
,
which
is
as
much
to
saie
,
as
Stonebridge
,
Lantwyd
,
Caerffyli
,
and
others
,
and
hath
diuers
riuers
which
runne
to
the
south
sea
,
as
Lay
,
Taf
,
Tawy
,
Neth
,
Avan
,
Ogwr
,
and
Lhychwr
:
it
hath
on
the
south
the
sea
of
Seauerne
,
which
diuideth
it
from
Deuonshire
and
Cornewall
;
vpon
the
Weast
&
Northweast
,
Caermardhynshire
;
vpon
the
Northeast
Brechnockshire
,
and
vpon
the
East
Monmouthshire
.
See
the
historie
folowing
,
pag.
119.
Of
this
you
shall
read
verie
little
,
for
one
Iestyn
being
cheefe
of
the
countrie
,
and
hauing
warre
with
his
neighbours
,
called
one
Robert
Fitzhamon
,
with
a
great
number
of
straungers
to
his
succoures
,
which
after
they
had
atchiued
,
the
enterprise
liked
so
well
the
countrie
,
that
they
found
occasion
to
fall
out
with
Iestyn
,
and
inhabited
the
countrie
themselues
and
their
heires
to
this
daie
.
The
fift
part
was
called
Gwent
,
and
now
in
Monmouthshire
,
which
had
three
Cantreds
,
and
ten
comots
,
as
Cantref
Gwent
,
which
had
these
comots
,
Y
mynyth
,
Iscoed
Lhefnydh
,
and
Tref
y
grug
.
Cantref
Iscoed
these
,
Brynbuga
,
Vwchcoed
,
Y
Teirtref
,
and
Erging
acewyas
,
now
in
Herefordshire
.
Cantref
Coch
was
the
seauenth
Cantred
of
Morganwc
,
which
is
now
in
Glocestershire
,
and
is
called
the
Forrest
of
Deane
.
In
this
part
is
the
ancient
citie
of
Caerlhêon
vpon
Vsk
,
where
was
the
Archbishops
of
Wales
:
here
are
also
diuers
townes
and
castels
,
as
Chepstowe
,
Glyn
Strigul
,
Ros
,
Tyntern
vpon
the
riuer
Wy
:
there
is
also
Newport
,
called
Y
castelh
Newydh
,
Vysc
called
Brynbuga
,
Grosmont
,
Raglan
,
White
castell
,
Abergeuenny
,
and
manie
other
.
This
is
a
faire
and
a
fertile
countrie
,
of
which
likewise
the
Gentlemen
were
neuer
obedient
to
their
Prince
,
which
was
the
cause
of
their
owne
destruction
.
It
hath
on
the
West
Glamorgan
and
Brechnockshires
,
vpon
the
North
Herefordshire
,
vpon
the
East
Glocestershire
,
with
the
riuer
Wy
,
and
vpon
the
South
and
Southeast
Seauerne
.
Brecheinoc
.
Last
of
all
commeth
Brecheinoc
,
now
Brechnockeshire
,
which
hath
three
Cantreds
,
and
eight
comots
.
As
Cantref
Selef
which
hath
these
comots
,
Selef
and
Trahayern
.
Cantref
Canol
these
,
Talgarth
Ystradyw
and
Brwynlhys
or
Eglwys
yail.
Cantref
Mawr
these
,
Tir
Raulff
,
Lhywel
and
Cerrig
Howel
.
In
this
part
is
the
towne
of
Brechnock
vpon
the
meeting
of
Vsck
and
Hodni
,
and
is
called
Aberhodni
,
and
Hay
called
Y
Gelhy
,
with
Talgarth
,
Buelht
,
Lhangors
:
it
hath
West
Caermardhynshire
,
with
the
riuer
Tawy
,
vpon
the
North
Radnorshire
with
Wy
,
vpon
the
East
Herefordshire
and
Monmouth
,
vpon
the
South
Glamorgan
.
This
for
the
most
part
is
full
of
mountaines
,
woods
and
riuers
,
especiallie
Buelht
.
And
the
lords
of
this
countrie
called
Bruses
with
the
Mortimers
,
most
of
all
others
lords
Marchers
,
sometimes
by
might
,
but
oftener
by
treason
,
haue
molested
and
greeued
the
Princes
of
Wales
,
as
you
shall
vnderstand
by
the
historie
folowing
.
This
land
came
after
the
Bruses
to
the
Bohunes
Earles
of
Hereford
,
and
so
to
the
Staffords
dukes
of
Buckingham
.
These
six
shires
being
subiect
to
the
territorie
of
Dynevowr
with
Radnorshire
,
which
was
belonging
to
Mathraual
,
are
now
commonlie
called
Southwales
,
which
countrie
is
both
great
and
large
,
with
manie
faire
plaines
and
vallies
for
corne
,
high
mountaines
and
rocks
full
of
pasture
for
cattell
;
great
and
thicke
woods
,
with
forrests
and
parks
for
red
deere
and
fallow
;
cleare
and
deepe
riuers
full
of
fish
,
of
which
Seauerne
is
the
cheefest
,
which
with
Wy
&
Reidol
spring
out
of
a
high
mountaine
called
Pymlhymon
,
in
the
edge
of
Caerdiganshire
,
and
are
called
commonlie
the
three
sisters
.
Seauerne
runneth
full
East
through
Cydewen
by
the
poole
and
vnder
the
castell
of
Shraden
to
Shrewesburie
,
from
whence
it
turneth
Southward
and
run-to
Bridgenorth
,
Bewdley
,
Worcester
,
Glocester
,
and
so
to
the
sea
by
Bristowe
.
The
second
sister
is
Gwy
in
English
Wy
,
which
tooke
hir
iourney
Southeast
by
Rayader
Gwy
to
Buelht
,
where
Irwon
meeteth
hir
,
thence
to
Glasburie
and
so
to
Hereford
and
Monmouth
,
&
to
the
sea
of
Seauerne
at
Chepstow
:
for
so
they
call
Môr
Hafren
the
sea
which
seuereth
Wales
from
Somersetshire
,
Deuonshire
,
and
Cornwale
.
The
third
sister
named
Reidol
,
ranne
Northward
to
the
sea
being
not
farre
off
,
at
Aberystwyth
.
There
be
other
faire
riuers
as
Vsk
,
which
rising
in
a
high
mountaine
called
Y
Mynydh
duy
in
the
Southwest
part
of
Brechnockshire
runneth
to
Brechnocke
,
and
so
through
Monmouthshire
to
the
towne
of
Vsk
,
Caerlhêon
and
Newport
and
so
to
the
said
South
sea
.
Tywy
also
rising
not
farre
from
Wy
runneth
South
to
Lhanymdhyfri
,
and
thence
Southwest
by
Lhandeilo
and
Dinevowr
to
Abergwily
and
Caermardhyn
,
and
so
by
Lhanstephan
to
the
sea
.
Teivi
likewise
which
riseth
in
the
edge
of
Caermardhyn-shire
,
&
runneth
Northwest
by
Emlyn
Cilgerran
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
Greeke
.
Fiber
,
Lat.
Beauer
,
En.
Auanc
,
Bryt
.
Giraldus
in
Itiner
.
Caerdigan
,
and
so
to
the
North
sea
.
In
Teiui
aboue
all
the
riuers
in
Wales
,
were
in
Giraldus
time
a
great
number
of
Castors
,
which
may
be
englished
Beuers
,
and
are
called
in
Welsh
Auanc
,
which
name
onelie
remaineth
in
Wales
at
this
daie
,
but
what
it
is
very
few
can
tell
.
It
is
a
beast
not
much
vnlike
an
Otter
,
but
that
it
is
bigger
,
all
hearie
sauing
the
taile
which
is
like
a
fish
taile
,
as
broad
as
a
mans
head
.
This
beast
vseth
as
well
the
water
as
the
land
,
and
hath
verie
sharpe
teeth
,
and
biteth
cruellie
,
till
he
perceiue
the
bones
cracke
,
his
stones
be
of
great
efficacie
in
physicke
.
He
that
will
learne
what
strong
nests
they
make
,
which
Giraldus
calleth
castels
,
which
they
build
vpon
the
face
of
the
water
with
great
bowes
,
which
they
cut
with
their
teeth
and
how
some
lie
vpon
their
backs
holding
the
wood
with
the
forefeet
,
which
the
other
draweth
with
a
crosse
sticke
,
the
which
he
holdeth
in
his
mouth
to
the
water
side
,
and
other
particularities
of
their
natures
,
let
him
read
Giraldus
in
his
Topographie
of
Wales
.
There
be
besides
these
a
great
number
of
riuers
,
of
which
some
run
to
the
South
,
and
some
to
the
West
and
Northsea
,
as
Tywy
in
Glamorganshire
,
Tafalso
in
Caermardhynshire
which
runneth
to
Cledheu
,
two
riuers
either
called
Cledheu
which
doo
giue
Mylford
the
name
of
Aberdavgledhev
in
Penbrookshire
,
Arth
,
Aeron
,
and
Ystwyth
in
Caerdigan
.
There
be
also
diuers
lordships
which
be
added
to
other
shires
,
and
were
taken
heretofore
for
parts
of
Wales
,
and
in
most
part
of
them
at
this
daie
the
Welsh
language
is
spoken
,
as
Oswestre
,
Knocking
,
Whittington
,
Elsmer
,
Masbrocke
,
Chirburie
,
Caurs
,
Clynn
,
which
are
now
in
Shropshire
,
Ewyas
Lacy
,
Ewyas
Haroald
,
Clifford
,
Winsorton
,
Yardley
,
Huntyngdon
,
Whytney
,
Loghardneys
in
Herefordshire
.
Also
this
countrie
of
Southwales
as
all
the
rest
of
Brytaine
,
was
first
inhabited
by
the
Brytains
,
which
remaine
there
to
this
daie
,
sauing
that
in
diuers
places
,
speciallie
alongst
the
sea
shore
,
they
haue
beene
mingled
with
Saxons
,
Normans
(
which
the
Welsh
historie
calleth
Frenchmen
)
and
Flemings
:
so
that
the
Princes
of
Wales
,
sith
the
conquest
of
the
Normans
,
could
neuer
keepe
quiet
possession
thereof
,
but
what
for
strangers
and
what
for
disloyaltie
of
their
owne
people
,
vexation
and
war
,
were
for
the
most
part
compelled
to
keepe
themselues
in
Caermardhynshire
.
This
shall
suffice
for
the
description
of
the
countrie
,
and
therefore
let
vs
now
proceed
to
the
Brytish
copie
.
Cadwalader
.
The
beginning
of
the
Principalitie
and
gouernement
of
Wales
.
Little
Brytaine
is
a
countrie
in
France
,
called
in
Caesars
time
,
Armorica
,
and
after
inhabited
by
Brytaines
,
Little
Brytaine
,
or
Brytaine
Armorike
.
who
about
the
yeare
of
Christ
384.
vnder
the
conduct
of
Conan
Lord
of
Meriadoc
,
now
Denbighland
,
went
out
of
this
Ile
with
Maximus
the
tyrant
,
to
his
aid
against
the
Emperour
Gratianus
,
Galfr.
Mon.
and
winning
the
said
countrie
of
Armorica
,
I.
Cast.
(
which
Maximus
gaue
Conan
&
his
people
)
slue
and
draue
out
all
the
old
inhabitants
thereof
,
Math.
West
.
planting
themselues
in
the
same
,
Fabian
.
where
they
to
this
daie
speake
the
Brytish
toong
,
being
the
third
remnant
of
the
ancient
Brytaines
.
Caxton
.
The
names
of
the
kings
of
little
Brytaine
.
-
R.
Caen.
lib.
2.
Per.
2.
1
Conan
.
Meriadoc
.
-
2
Gradlonus
.
-
3
Salomon
.
1.
-
4
Auldranus
.
-
5
Budicus
.
1.
-
6
Howelus
Magnus
.
This
Howel
was
with
King
Arthure
in
his
warres
.
-
7
Howelus
.
2.
-
8
Alanus
.
1.
-
9
Howelus
.
3.
-
10
Gilquellus
.
-
11
Salomon
.
2.
-
12
Alanus
.
2.
Of
whome
,
mention
is
made
in
this
place
,
who
descended
of
a
daughter
of
Rune
,
the
sonne
of
Mailgon
Gwyneth
,
king
of
great
Brytaine
,
which
was
married
to
the
forenamed
Howel
the
second
,
King
of
little
Brytaine
.
-
13
Conobertus
.
-
14
Budicus
.
2.
-
15
Theodoricus
.
-
16
Rualhonus
.
-
17
Daniel
Dremrost
,
id
est
,
Ruhicunda
facie
.
-
18
Aregstanus
.
-
19
Maconus
.
-
20
Neomenius
.
-
21
Haruspogius
.
-
22
Salomon
.
3.
Who
was
slaine
by
his
owne
men
,
and
then
was
that
Kingdome
turned
to
an
Earledom
,
wherof
Alan
was
the
first
Earle
,
who
valiantlie
resisted
the
Normans
,
and
vanquished
them
oftentimes
.
Cadwalader
being
in
Brytaine
,
was
certified
that
a
great
number
of
strangers
,
as
Saxons
,
Angles
,
and
Iuthes
,
Galfride
.
I.
Castor
.
had
arriued
in
Brytaine
,
and
finding
it
desolate
,
and
without
inhabitants
(
sauing
a
few
Saxons
which
had
called
them
in
,
&
certaine
poore
Brytaines
that
liued
by
rootes
in
rocks
and
woods
)
had
ouerrunne
a
great
part
thereof
,
and
diuiding
it
into
diuers
territories
and
kingdomes
,
inhabited
that
part
which
was
then
,
and
now
at
this
daie
is
called
Lhoyger
in
the
Brytish
or
Welsh
toong
,
and
in
English
England
,
with
all
the
cities
,
townes
,
castels
,
and
villages
,
which
the
Brytaines
had
builded
,
ruled
,
and
inhabited
by
the
space
of
1827.
yeares
,
vnder
diuers
Kings
and
Princes
of
great
renowme
:
wherevpon
he
purposed
to
returne
,
and
by
strength
of
Brytish
Knights
to
recouer
his
owne
land
againe
.
After
he
had
prepared
and
made
readie
his
nauie
for
the
transporting
of
his
owne
men
,
A
fable
confirmed
with
blind
prophesies
.
with
such
succours
as
he
had
found
at
Alans
hand
,
an
Angell
appeared
vnto
him
in
a
vision
,
and
declared
that
it
was
the
will
of
God
that
he
should
not
take
his
voyage
towards
Brytaine
,
but
to
Rome
to
Pope
Sergius
,
where
he
should
make
an
end
of
his
life
,
and
be
afterwards
numbred
among
the
blessed
:
for
GOD
had
appointed
that
the
Brytaines
should
haue
no
more
the
rule
and
gouernance
of
the
whole
Ile
,
vntill
the
prophesie
of
Merlin
Ambrose
should
be
fulfilled
.
Which
vision
,
after
that
Cadwalader
had
declared
to
his
friend
Alan
,
he
sent
for
all
his
bookes
of
prophesies
,
as
the
works
of
both
Merdhines
,
or
Merlines
,
to
wit
,
Ambrose
,
and
Syluester
,
surnamed
Merdhin
Wylht
:
and
the
words
which
the
Eagle
spake
at
the
building
of
Caer
Septon
,
now
called
Shaftsburie
;
and
after
long
studie
,
found
the
time
to
be
now
come
whereof
they
had
prophesied
.
Of
this
admonition
giuen
to
Cadwalader
there
be
diuers
opinions
.
Some
hold
that
this
was
signified
to
him
in
a
dreame
:
of
the
which
mind
is
Polydore
Virgil
,
and
diuers
other
.
Some
other
doo
thinke
,
that
(
if
anie
such
vision
were
)
it
was
some
illusion
of
a
wicked
spirit
,
or
a
phantasticall
conceite
of
Cadwalader
himselfe
,
being
a
man
of
a
milde
and
quiet
nature
,
and
wearied
with
troubles
and
miseries
.
Other
reiect
it
altogether
as
a
fable
,
Hol.
pa.
183.
not
woorthie
to
be
recorded
in
bookes
:
but
howsoeuer
it
was
,
certeine
it
is
,
that
after
his
going
ouer
to
Alan
,
he
neuer
returned
againe
to
Brytaine
.
Of
these
two
Merlines
thus
writeth
Girald
.
Camb.
in
suo
Itinerario
.
Erant
Merlini
duo
,
vnus
qui
&
Ambrosius
dictus
est
,
quia
binomius
fuerat
,
&
sub
rege
Vortigerno
prophetauit
,
ab
incubo
genitus
,
&
in
vrbe
ab
ipso
denominata
Caervyrdhin
.
1.
vrbs
Merlini
,
inuentus
.
Alter
de
Albania
oriundus
,
qui
Calidonius
dictus
est
,
à
Calidonia
sylua
,
in
qua
prophetauit
:
&
Syluester
,
quia
cùm
inter
acies
bellicas
constitutus
,
horribile
monstrum
nimis
in
aera
suspiciendo
prospiceret
,
dementire
caepit
:
&
ad
syluam
transfugiendo
,
syluestrem
vsque
ad
obitum
vitam
perduxit
.
Hic
autem
Merlinus
tempore
Arthuri
fuit
,
&
longè
pleniùs
&
apertiùs
quàm
alter
prophetasse
perhibetur
.
Haec
Cambrensis
.
In
English
thus
.
There
were
two
Merlines
,
the
one
named
also
Ambrose
(
for
he
had
two
names
)
begotten
of
a
spirit
,
and
found
in
the
towne
of
Caermarthen
,
which
tooke
the
name
of
him
,
and
is
therefore
so
called
,
who
prophesied
vnder
King
Vortigerne
.
The
other
borne
in
Albaine
or
Scotland
,
surnamed
Calidonius
of
the
forrest
Calidon
,
wherein
he
prophesied
,
and
was
called
also
Syluestris
,
or
of
the
wood
,
for
that
he
beholding
some
monstrous
shape
in
the
aire
being
in
the
battell
fell
mad
,
and
flieng
to
the
wood
,
liued
there
the
rest
of
his
life
.
This
Merline
was
in
the
time
of
king
Arthure
,
and
prophesied
fuller
and
plainer
than
the
other
.
Concerning
the
words
of
the
Eagle
at
the
building
of
Caer
Galf
ride
Septon
in
Mount
Paladour
in
the
time
of
Rudhudibras
,
Cast.
in
the
yeare
after
the
creation
of
the
world
,
3048.
some
thinke
that
an
Eagle
did
then
speake
&
prophesie
.
Other
are
of
opinion
,
that
it
was
a
Brytaine
named
Aquila
that
prophesied
of
these
things
,
&
of
the
recouerie
of
the
whole
Ile
againe
by
the
Brytaines
,
bringing
with
them
the
bones
of
Cadwalader
from
Rome
,
as
in
the
said
prophesies
is
to
be
séene
.
By
these
toies
and
fables
,
men
may
learne
what
follie
and
vanitie
the
wit
of
man
,
being
not
staied
and
directed
by
the
word
of
God
,
is
prone
and
subiect
vnto
.
And
certaine
it
is
,
that
the
simple
and
ignorant
haue
bin
in
all
ages
deluded
and
brought
to
great
errors
and
blindnes
by
the
practise
of
sathan
,
with
these
fained
reuelations
,
false
prophesies
,
and
superstitious
dreames
of
hypocrites
and
lewd
persons
:
whereof
(
as
it
is
manifest
in
histories
)
much
bloudshead
&
mischiefe
hath
ensued
,
and
manie
relieng
vpon
the
same
,
haue
bene
vtterlie
ouerthrowne
and
perished
.
Wise
men
therefore
will
neuer
regard
or
estéeme
such
things
.
Alan
therefore
counselled
Cadwalader
to
fulfill
the
will
of
God
,
who
did
so
,
and
taking
his
iournie
to
Rome
,
liued
there
eight
yeares
in
the
seruice
of
God
,
and
died
in
the
yeare
of
Christ
,
688.
So
that
the
Brytaines
ruled
this
Ile
,
with
the
out
Iles
of
Wight
:
Môn
,
in
English
called
Anglesey
:
Manaw
,
in
English
Man
:
Orkney
,
and
Ewyst
,
1137.
yeares
before
Christ
,
vntill
the
yeare
of
his
incarnation
,
688.
And
thus
ended
the
rule
of
the
Brytaines
ouer
the
whole
Ile
.
The
Brytaines
being
sore
troubled
with
the
Scots
and
Picts
and
denied
of
aid
at
the
hands
of
the
Romanes
,
sent
for
the
Saxons
to
come
to
defend
them
against
their
enimies
:
450
who
comming
at
the
first
as
fréends
to
the
Brytaines
,
liked
the
countrie
so
well
,
that
they
became
their
mortall
enimies
,
and
droue
them
out
of
the
same
.
About
the
yeare
of
Christ
,
590.
Gurmundus
an
archpirate
and
capteine
of
the
Norwegians
,
Galfrid
.
after
that
he
had
conquered
Ireland
,
Cast.
being
called
by
the
Saxons
to
their
aid
against
Careticus
King
of
the
Brytaines
,
ouercame
the
same
Careticus
in
battell
,
and
compelled
him
and
his
Brytaines
to
flée
beyond
the
riuers
of
Seauerne
and
Dee
to
Cambria
,
now
called
Wales
,
and
to
Cornewale
,
and
some
to
Brytaine
Armorike
,
where
they
remaine
to
this
daie
,
and
gaue
Lhoegria
,
now
England
,
to
the
Saxons
.
And
albeit
that
Caduan
,
Cadwalhon
,
&
Cadwalader
were
sithence
intituled
Kings
of
all
Brytaine
,
yet
they
could
neuer
recouer
againe
the
quiet
possession
of
the
whole
Iland
afterwards
.
After
the
departure
of
Cadwalader
out
of
the
land
,
the
Brytaines
were
gouerned
within
the
countrie
of
Wales
or
Cambria
by
those
men
,
whereof
this
historie
following
doth
intreate
,
which
were
commonlie
called
Kings
of
such
prouinces
and
countries
as
they
possessed
,
vntill
the
time
of
Owen
Gwyneth
,
H.
Lhoyd
.
who
being
in
the
daies
of
King
Stephen
,
and
Henrie
the
second
,
was
the
first
that
named
himselfe
Prince
of
Wales
,
and
so
the
rest
after
him
kept
that
title
and
stile
:
and
yet
neuertheles
,
they
are
sometimes
called
Princes
before
him
,
and
Kings
after
him
,
as
I
haue
obserued
by
diuers
charters
and
old
records
which
I
haue
séene
in
the
Tower
of
London
,
and
else-where
.
Howbeit
,
this
author
calleth
the
chiefest
of
them
Kings
,
till
the
time
of
the
said
Owen
,
and
sithence
,
Princes
.
IVOR
.
IVOR
,
the
sonne
of
Alan
.
Wherevpon
,
Kentwinus
King
of
Westsex
gathered
a
great
number
of
Saxons
and
Angles
together
,
and
came
against
the
Brytaines
,
which
were
readie
to
abide
the
battell
:
and
as
the
armies
were
both
in
sight
,
they
were
not
verie
desirous
to
fight
,
but
fell
to
a
composition
and
agreement
,
that
Iuor
should
take
Ethelburga
to
wife
,
which
was
cousen
to
Kentwyn
,
and
quietlie
enioie
all
that
he
had
,
during
the
reigne
of
Iuor
.
H.
Lhoyd
.
This
Iuor
is
he
whom
the
English
Chronicles
do
call
Iue
or
Iew
King
of
West
Saxons
,
that
reigned
after
Cedwall
,
and
they
saie
that
he
was
a
Saxon
,
for
Kentwyn
reigned
but
fiue
yeares
after
Iuors
comming
to
England
,
and
after
him
,
his
nephew
Cedwall
,
who
after
he
had
reigned
ouer
the
West
Saxons
two
yeares
,
went
to
Rome
,
and
left
his
kingdome
to
Iue
his
cousen
.
This
Iue
or
Iuor
,
(
whome
the
Brytaines
call
the
sonne
of
Alan
,
and
the
Saxons
the
sonne
of
Kenred
)
being
King
of
the
Saxons
and
Brytaines
which
inhabited
the
west
partes
of
England
,
after
manie
victories
atchieued
against
the
Kings
of
Kent
,
Southsex
,
and
Mertia
,
left
his
kingdome
to
Adelred
,
or
as
some
call
him
Adelerdus
his
cousen
,
and
tooke
his
iournie
to
Rome
,
where
he
made
a
godly
end
,
about
the
yeare
of
our
Lord
,
720.
Of
Cadwalader
,
Cedwall
,
and
Iuor
,
there
be
diuers
opinions
.
Some
hold
,
that
Cadwalader
and
Cedwall
are
the
selfesame
man
;
and
that
the
Saxon
writers
call
him
Cedwall
whome
the
Brytaines
do
name
Cadwalader
:
who
(
as
the
Brytish
Chronicles
do
affirme
)
after
his
foresaid
vision
,
did
resigne
all
his
right
,
title
,
and
interest
in
great
Brytaine
,
to
the
said
Alan
king
of
Brytaine
Armorike
,
and
so
despairing
that
either
he
or
his
should
euer
haue
anie
thing
to
doo
there
,
leauing
his
sonne
Edwal
Ywrch
and
his
people
to
the
ordering
of
his
cousen
Alan
,
went
to
Rome
.
But
this
opinion
séemeth
to
varie
from
the
assertion
of
Bernardus
Guidonius
.
But
certainelie
in
mine
opinion
it
is
more
probable
that
this
Cedwall
was
Edwal
the
sonne
of
Cadwalader
,
for
the
name
Edoal
,
which
in
the
ancient
Brytish
copie
is
written
Etoal
,
may
well
agrée
with
that
which
Guidonius
writeth
:
and
an
easie
matter
it
were
especiallie
in
proper
names
for
the
C.
capitall
to
créepe
in
,
which
is
almost
all
one
with
that
character
which
the
Lawyers
do
call
a
paraph
,
¶
and
is
vsed
commonlie
in
all
old
text
hands
at
the
beginning
of
periods
or
sections
.
Of
this
matter
,
thus
writeth
Guidonius
,
In
suo
pontificali
Catalogo
,
sub
Sergio
primo
.
Per
idem
tempus
Ethoal
rex
Brytonum
,
Rob.
Caenal
.
cùm
per
decem
annos
multis
regulis
obuiasset
,
&
plura
mala
illis
irrogasset
,
tandem
ipsis
in
pacem
deuenientibus
,
super
occidentales
Saxones
regnauit
annis
duobus
.
Videns
autem
Brytanniam
multis
miserijs
contritam
,
regnum
spreuit
terrenum
propter
aeternum
,
&
Romam
veniens
,
paucis
diebus
transactis
migrauit
ad
Christum
.
Et
paulo
post
.
Hic
ex
toto
illud
regnum
antiquissimum
Brytonum
corruit
,
quod
omnibus
ferè
regnis
diuturnius
fuit
.
A
tempore
Heli
Sacerdotis
vsque
ad
hoc
tempus
,
per
annos
1825.
Rob.
Caenalis
lib.
2.
per.
2.
That
is
.
At
the
same
time
Ethoal
King
of
the
Brytaines
,
when
he
had
by
the
space
of
ten
yeares
warred
with
diuers
Kings
,
and
often
put
them
to
the
woorse
,
at
length
growing
to
an
agréement
with
them
,
he
reigned
ouer
the
West
Saxons
two
yeares
,
and
then
perceiuing
Brytaine
to
be
ouerworne
with
miseries
,
preferring
the
heauenlie
kingdome
before
the
earthlie
,
came
to
Rome
,
and
within
few
daies
died
:
and
in
him
ended
wholie
that
ancient
kingdome
of
the
Brytaines
,
which
continued
in
a
maner
longer
than
anie
other
,
from
Helie
the
priest
to
this
time
,
by
the
space
of
1825.
yeares
.
Further
,
it
is
not
like
that
Iuor
comming
to
the
aid
of
Edwal
his
cousen
,
would
euer
séeke
the
kingdome
to
himselfe
and
defeate
the
right
heire
:
but
verie
well
it
may
be
(
if
this
Iuor
be
that
man
whome
the
Saxon
writers
call
Inas
or
Iue
)
after
these
Brytaines
had
arriued
in
the
south
part
of
this
realme
,
and
fought
diuers
times
with
the
Saxon
kings
,
and
continued
in
Cornewall
,
Deuonshire
,
and
Somersetshire
by
the
space
of
two
yeares
,
that
they
should
afterwards
méet
Centwyn
in
the
field
,
and
so
fall
to
an
agréement
,
that
Iuor
taking
Ethelburga
the
cousen
of
Centwyn
to
wife
,
should
enioie
the
kingdome
of
the
West
Saxons
after
Centwyn
,
and
that
therevpon
Edwal
resigning
his
title
and
interest
to
Iuor
,
departed
to
Rome
,
and
so
died
:
as
Guidonius
saith
.
Beda
.
All
this
notwithstanding
,
it
séemeth
by
the
report
of
other
writers
of
verie
good
account
,
H.
Hunt.
that
Inas
or
Iue
king
of
the
West
Saxons
(
whose
lawes
are
extant
in
print
,
set
out
by
maister
)
William
Lamberd
Esquier
,
Cast.
a
woorthie
searcher
and
preseruer
of
the
antiquities
of
this
land
)
was
not
a
Brytaine
,
W.
Lamb.
but
a
Saxon
,
who
had
warre
against
the
Brytaines
diuers
times
,
and
vanquished
them
.
Matth.
West
.
reporteth
that
Inas
or
Iue
fought
with
Gerent
King
of
the
Brytaines
.
I
haue
an
ancient
booke
written
(
as
Iohn
Leland
thinketh
)
by
Iohn
Castoreus
or
Beuer
,
sometimes
Monke
of
Westminster
,
who
liued
in
the
time
of
Edward
the
third
,
which
reporteth
the
historie
of
Inas
in
this
sort
.
About
the
yeare
of
grace
689.
Iuor
and
Henyr
sonnes
of
the
daughter
of
Cadwalader
sometime
King
of
Brytaine
,
I.
Cast.
came
ouer
from
Ireland
,
and
taking
to
their
aid
the
two
Kings
of
Wales
,
destroied
the
prouince
of
Chester
,
and
sent
messengers
to
the
Saxon
Kings
,
commanding
them
to
restore
againe
to
the
Brytaines
the
countrie
of
Lhoyger
,
The
request
of
the
Brytaines
.
out
of
the
which
they
had
wrongfullie
expelled
their
parents
and
ancesters
:
adding
,
that
if
they
would
not
so
doo
within
fiftéene
daies
,
they
should
not
enioie
it
anie
longer
.
The
which
message
,
Inas
the
noble
King
of
Westsex
,
signified
vnto
all
the
other
Saxon
Kings
,
who
soone
met
together
in
Mount
Campeden
,
to
whom
Sibertus
King
of
Essex
spake
thus
:
Deare
frends
and
companions
,
The
oration
of
Sibertus
to
the
other
Saxon
Kings
.
let
vs
wey
and
consider
not
onlie
what
we
are
our selues
,
but
also
what
our
enimies
are
which
come
against
vs
:
they
are
the
verie
Brytaines
,
whose
fathers
and
ancesters
,
our
fathers
haue
béereft
of
their
inheritance
,
and
expelled
out
of
their
owne
land
:
and
now
they
iustlie
come
against
vs
,
to
claime
that
which
our
ancesters
by
violence
haue
taken
from
theirs
.
Let
vs
therefore
like
other
nations
,
choose
vnto
vs
a
head
,
to
leade
,
direct
,
and
gouerne
vs
,
whome
,
as
chiefe
lord
in
time
of
peace
and
warre
,
we
as
members
may
obeie
and
sticke
to
,
sith
without
a
head
,
there
is
no
victorie
to
be
looked
for
.
Haue
not
the
Brytaines
after
two
yeares
of
their
dispersion
set
vpon
the
ancient
Saxons
(
a
more
valiant
people
than
we
are
)
fiftéene
times
within
seauen
yeares
?
Did
they
not
spoile
their
kingdomes
,
killed
their
people
,
and
left
such
as
remained
aliue
sore
wounded
and
maimed
at
their
departure
?
The
rest
of
the
Saxon
kings
agréed
vnto
his
mind
,
and
with
one
assent
chose
that
worthie
Knight
Inas
King
of
Westsex
to
be
their
souereigne
,
who
hauing
taken
their
homage
,
aduanced
his
standard
,
and
marched
forward
against
Iuor
and
Henyr
,
and
set
vpon
them
,
so
that
they
were
faine
to
forsake
their
tents
and
flie
into
Wales
.
Thus
Inas
hauing
obteined
the
victorie
,
with
the
other
Saxon
Kings
(
sauing
Sibertus
,
who
by
reason
of
his
age
and
impotencie
had
departed
home
before
)
returned
to
South
hampton
,
where
his
cousen
Adelard
informed
him
that
Iuor
and
Henyr
had
gathered
and
leauied
a
puissant
armie
afresh
to
set
vpon
the
Saxons
:
where
vpon
,
Inas
foreslowed
not
the
matter
,
but
went
against
them
,
and
laid
séege
to
the
Castell
of
Snowdon
,
compelling
the
Brytaines
to
flie
to
their
ships
▪
and
while
he
was
at
Bangor
with
the
other
Saxon
Kings
,
and
the
nobles
of
Wales
,
he
kept
the
feast
of
S.
Dauid
,
and
then
dismissed
the
other
Kings
home
to
their
countrie
,
vntill
they
should
be
called
for
againe
:
and
departed
himselfe
with
Adelard
his
cousen
,
to
Quéene
Ethelburga
being
then
at
Manchester
,
and
continued
there
almost
thrée
moneths
.
In
the
meane
while
,
Adelard
minding
to
trauell
about
all
Wales
,
met
thrée
spies
,
of
whome
(
being
by
him
taken
and
examined
)
he
learned
that
Iuor
and
Henyr
were
returning
againe
with
a
huge
armie
,
of
such
strength
and
force
,
as
all
the
Saxon
Kings
were
not
able
to
resist
.
Then
went
he
and
shewed
Inas
what
he
had
heard
:
wherefore
Inas
foorthwith
certified
the
other
Saxon
Kings
of
the
same
,
commanding
them
without
delaie
to
be
readie
at
Chester
with
horse
and
armour
to
go
against
their
enimies
,
and
to
defend
their
countrie
from
violence
.
Who
accordinglie
met
at
Chester
,
and
following
the
Kings
standard
,
gaue
the
Brytaines
battell
,
and
put
them
to
flight
.
Howbeit
,
the
Brytaines
eftsoones
inuaded
England
,
and
made
seauen
roades
in
two
yeares
,
destroieng
townes
and
villages
wheresoeuer
they
came
,
and
neuer
returning
without
great
and
rich
booties
.
Inas
after
this
victorie
returned
home
,
and
reigned
ouer
the
West
Saxons
36.
yeares
,
and
then
bequeathed
his
kingdome
to
his
cousen
Adelard
.
Thus
much
out
of
Castoreus
.
This
Iuor
made
the
fratrie
of
Glastenburie
,
called
in
the
Brytish
toong
Ynys
Aualon
.
Ioseph
of
Aremathia
being
sent
by
Philip
the
Apostle
,
as
Gildas
reporteth
,
Gildas
.
came
into
this
Iland
in
the
daies
of
Aruiragus
King
of
Brytaine
,
Polydore
.
about
the
yeare
of
Christ
53.
and
instructed
the
Brytaines
in
the
doctrine
of
saluation
,
in
the
Ile
of
Aualon
,
where
he
builded
a
Church
for
the
Christians
:
which
Church
,
this
Iuor
(
if
it
be
he
that
gouerned
the
West
Saxons
)
conuerted
to
an
Abbey
,
and
endowed
the
same
with
large
possessions
,
Bale
.
which
was
the
more
famous
,
because
the
bodies
of
the
said
Ioseph
of
Aremathia
and
king
Arthur
were
there
buried
.
He
gaue
also
great
lands
to
the
Church
of
Winchester
.
In
the
second
yeare
of
Iuors
reigne
,
Brythe
a
subiect
to
Egfride
King
of
Northumberland
,
did
ouerrun
and
destroie
a
great
part
of
the
countrie
of
Ireland
.
In
the
fourth
yeare
of
his
reigne
there
was
a
great
earthquake
in
the
Ile
of
Man
:
and
the
yeare
following
,
it
reigned
bloud
in
Brytaine
and
in
Ireland
.
The
milke
likewise
and
the
butter
turned
to
the
colour
of
bloud
.
Math.
West
.
The
second
yeare
after
that
the
Moone
appeared
all
bloudie
.
After
the
departure
of
Iuor
to
Rome
,
Adelard
or
Adelred
tooke
the
rule
of
the
Saxons
.
And
Rodericus
,
or
Roderi
Molwynoc
the
sonne
of
Edwal
Ywrch
,
did
take
the
rule
of
the
Brytaines
in
the
west
part
of
England
.
Roderike
Molwynoc
.
Roderike
or
Rodri
,
the
sonne
of
Edwal
Ywrch
.
The
yeare
733.
733
died
Beda
priest
,
brought
vp
in
the
Abbey
of
Wyrnetham
,
Or
Iatewe
a
great
clearke
that
wrote
manie
works
,
among
which
,
there
is
one
intituled
,
The
Ecclesiasticall
historie
of
the
English
nation
,
dedicated
vnto
Cleolwolfe
King
of
Northumberland
.
This
yeare
,
Adelard
King
of
Westsex
,
and
Ethelbald
King
of
Mertia
,
ioined
their
powers
against
the
Brytaines
,
and
gaue
them
battell
,
and
after
a
long
fight
and
great
slaughter
vpon
either
part
,
obteined
a
bloudie
victorie
.
The
yeare
735.
735
Adelard
King
of
Westsex
died
,
and
Cudred
reigned
in
his
place
.
And
the
yeare
following
died
Edwyn
King
of
the
Pictes
.
And
in
the
yeare
746.
Hol.
pa.
193.
there
was
a
great
battell
fought
at
Hereford
betwixt
Cudred
and
Ethelbaldus
,
where
after
a
long
fight
,
Cudred
had
the
victorie
.
Also
the
next
yeare
ensuing
he
gaue
the
Brytaines
and
ouerthrow
and
died
shortlie
after
.
H.
Hunt.
Hol.
pag.
189.
&
193.
The
Brytaines
seeing
they
could
little
preuaile
against
the
Saxons
,
ioined
in
league
with
Cuthred
King
of
the
West
Saxons
,
who
then
was
out
with
Ethelbald
King
of
Mertia
,
wherevpon
,
the
said
Ethelbald
entred
into
Wales
with
a
strong
armie
,
and
the
Brytaines
met
him
,
and
were
there
discomfited
.
After
that
,
Cuthred
and
Ethelbald
met
in
the
field
,
where
Ethelbald
was
put
to
flight
:
but
anon
after
they
two
were
made
friends
,
and
ioined
together
their
powers
against
the
Brytaines
and
ouercame
them
.
Math.
West
.
After
Cuthred
,
in
the
yeare
749.
was
Sigebert
created
King
,
749
who
for
his
euill
behauiour
,
was
expelled
by
his
nobles
out
of
his
Kingdome
,
Sigebert
King
of
Westsex
.
Kenulph
.
and
was
miserablie
slaine
by
a
swineheard
,
after
whome
,
Kenulph
was
made
King
of
West
Saxons
,
the
yeare
750.
750
About
the
same
time
died
Theodor
the
sonne
of
Belin
,
a
man
of
great
estimation
among
the
Brytaines
.
Not
long
after
,
there
was
a
great
battell
fought
betwixt
the
Brytaines
and
the
Pictes
at
a
place
called
Magedawc
,
where
Dalargan
King
of
the
Pictes
was
slaine
.
Within
a
little
after
,
Roderi
or
Roderike
Molwynoc
was
driuen
by
the
Saxons
to
forsake
the
west
countrie
,
&
to
come
to
seeke
his
own
inheritance
in
Northwales
,
where
ruled
at
that
time
the
children
of
Bletius
or
Bledericus
prince
of
Cornewal
&
Deuonshire
(
who
was
one
of
them
that
gaue
Adelred
and
Ethelbert
the
ouerthrow
at
Bangor
vpon
the
riuer
Dee
)
who
enioied
the
gouernance
of
Northwales
,
euer
sithence
Caduan
was
chosen
King
of
Brytaine
,
vntill
this
time
.
By
this
historie
it
should
séeme
that
the
Brytaines
continued
their
gouernement
in
the
west
part
of
Lhoegria
vntill
this
time
.
But
surelie
,
the
consent
(
in
a
maner
)
of
all
writers
is
,
that
the
Brytish
kingdome
ended
in
Cadwalader
,
after
whom
,
the
Brytaines
had
nothing
to
doo
beyond
Seuerne
,
being
constrained
to
kéepe
themselues
within
the
countries
of
Cambria
and
Cornubia
.
It
is
also
written
by
diuers
,
that
Iuor
and
Ynyr
at
their
first
arriuing
in
Brytaine
,
were
repelled
by
the
Saxons
,
and
driuen
to
Wales
,
where
Iuor
ruled
as
Prince
manie
yeares
,
whome
this
Roderi
or
Roderike
the
sonne
of
Edwal
the
sonne
of
Cadwalader
succéeded
.
When
Roderike
king
of
the
Brytains
had
reigned
about
30.
yeares
,
he
died
,
the
yeare
750.
leauing
two
sons
after
him
,
Conan
Tindaythwy
,
&
Howel
.
Conan
Tindaethwy
.
Conan
Tindaethwy
the
sonne
of
Roderike
.
Leland
.
I.
Bale
,
Cen.
1.
pag.
81.
I
reade
that
this
Hylda
(
which
was
the
néece
of
Edwine
King
of
Northumberland
,
brought
vp
by
Pauline
and
Aedan
)
in
a
publike
synode
did
withstand
Wilfride
and
other
superstitious
moonks
in
these
toies
and
trifles
,
all
edging
for
hir
out
of
Polycrates
the
fact
of
Irenaeus
,
who
withstood
Victor
Bishop
of
Rome
in
that
behalfe
,
and
the
custome
of
the
church
of
Asia
obserued
by
S.
Iohn
the
Euangelist
,
Philip
the
Apostle
,
Polycarpus
and
Melito
,
and
taught
in
this
Iland
of
Brytaine
by
Ioseph
of
Arimathea
,
who
first
preached
the
Gospell
in
the
same
.
763
In
the
yeare
763.
was
Offa
made
King
of
Mercia
,
and
Brichtrich
King
of
West
Saxons
.
In
the
which
yeare
died
Fermael
the
sonne
of
Edwal
:
and
the
yeare
following
,
Cemoyd
the
King
of
the
Pictes
.
The
yeare
776.
the
men
of
Southwales
destroied
a
great
part
of
Mercia
with
fire
and
sword
.
And
the
summer
following
,
all
the
Welshmen
gathered
themselues
togither
,
and
entred
the
Kingdome
of
Mercia
,
and
did
much
hurt
there
.
Io.
Caest.
The
Saxons
,
which
bordered
vpon
the
countrie
of
Cambria
or
Wales
,
did
dailie
incroch
so
vpon
the
lands
of
the
Welshmen
beyond
Seauerne
,
that
they
had
gotten
much
of
the
same
into
their
hands
,
especiallie
toward
the
south
part
of
the
countrie
.
Wherefore
the
Welshmen
put
themselues
in
armour
,
and
set
vpon
the
Saxons
,
and
chased
them
ouer
Seauerne
againe
,
and
then
returned
home
with
a
great
prey
,
and
thus
they
did
oftentimes
,
killing
and
destroieng
all
before
them
,
and
alwaies
bringing
home
with
them
much
cattell
,
which
thing
caused
Offa
to
conclude
a
peace
with
the
other
Saxon
Kings
,
and
to
bend
his
whole
force
against
the
Welshmen
.
Wherevpon
Offa
King
of
Mercia
caused
a
great
ditch
to
be
made
,
Io.
Caestor
:
Matth.
West
.
large
and
deepe
from
sea
to
sea
,
betwixt
his
kingdome
and
Wales
,
whereby
hee
might
the
better
defend
his
countrie
from
the
incursions
of
the
Welshmen
.
And
this
ditch
is
to
be
seene
in
manie
places
as
yet
,
and
is
called
Clawdh
Offa
,
Clawdh
Offa.
which
is
,
Offas
ditch
at
this
daie
.
King
Offa
,
calling
to
his
aid
the
other
Saxon
Kings
,
gathered
a
huge
armie
,
and
came
ouer
Seauerne
into
Wales
:
vpon
whose
comming
,
the
Welshmen
(
being
not
able
to
encounter
with
such
a
multitude
of
armed
souldiers
)
left
the
plaine
and
euen
countrie
by
Seauerne
side
,
and
the
land
betwéene
it
and
the
riuer
Wye
,
and
withdrew
themselues
to
the
mountaines
and
rockes
,
where
they
might
be
most
in
safetie
,
vntill
the
enimies
were
auoided
out
of
the
countrie
;
yet
neuerthelesse
,
continuallie
they
made
diuers
inuasions
by
stealth
into
the
land
of
Mercia
,
&
alwaies
returned
with
aduantage
,
so
that
the
Saxons
by
keeping
themselues
encamped
could
doo
no
good
,
for
they
durst
not
pursue
the
Welshmen
to
the
mountaines
and
woods
,
for
feare
of
intrapping
,
by
such
as
kept
the
streights
and
passages
.
When
Offa
perceiued
that
by
open
warre
he
could
do
no
good
,
he
expelled
all
the
Welshmen
out
of
the
plaine
and
euen
countrie
betwéene
Seauerne
and
Wye
,
and
planted
Saxons
in
the
same
:
and
annexing
it
to
his
owne
kingdome
of
Mercia
,
caused
this
great
&
famous
ditch
(
whereof
mention
is
in
this
place
)
to
be
made
,
to
saue
his
people
from
the
inuasions
of
the
Welshmen
.
Whervpon
the
seate
of
the
Kings
of
Powys
was
translated
from
Pengwern
,
now
called
Salop
,
to
Mathrual
,
where
it
continued
long
after
.
795
In
the
yeare
795.
the
Danes
came
first
into
England
,
Matt.
West
.
pag.
289.
and
sixe
yeares
after
they
came
againe
,
&
destroied
a
great
part
of
Lindsey
and
Northumberland
,
and
ouerran
the
most
part
of
Ireland
,
and
destroied
Rechreyn
.
Also
about
the
same
time
there
was
a
battell
fought
at
Ruthlan
,
betweene
the
Saxons
and
the
Welshmen
,
where
Caradoc
King
of
Northwales
was
slaine
.
This
Caradoc
was
the
son
of
Gwyn
,
the
sonne
of
Colhoyn
,
the
sonne
of
Ednowen
,
the
sonne
of
Blethyn
,
the
sonne
of
Blecius
or
Bledricus
prince
of
Cornewall
and
Deuonshire
.
Also
this
yeare
died
Offa
King
of
Mercia
,
and
Egfert
his
sonne
reigned
in
his
stead
.
In
the
yeare
of
our
Lord
800.
Egbertus
was
made
King
of
Westsex
:
and
Kenulphus
the
yeare
following
treated
King
of
Mercia
.
Arthen
also
the
sonne
of
Sitsylht
,
the
sonne
of
Clydawc
King
of
Caerdigan
,
died
the
same
yeare
.
Likewise
Run
King
of
Dyuet
,
and
Cadelh
King
of
Powys
died
in
the
yeare
808.
808
This
was
a
troublesome
time
,
and
as
yet
no
staied
gouernement
established
in
Wales
,
and
therefore
such
as
were
cheefe
lords
in
anie
countrie
,
are
heere
called
kings
.
Io.
Bale
.
The
next
yeare
after
died
Elbodius
Archbishop
of
Northwales
,
before
whose
death
,
the
sunne
was
sore
eclipsed
.
In
the
yeare
810.
810
was
the
moone
eclipsed
vpon
Christmas
daie
.
The
same
yeare
,
S.
Dauids
was
burnt
by
the
West
Saxons
.
There
was
also
a
generall
morreine
and
death
of
cattell
throughout
all
Wales
.
The
next
yeare
insuing
,
Owen
the
sonne
of
Meredyth
,
the
sonne
of
Terudos
died
:
and
the
Castell
of
Degaunwy
was
destroied
with
thunder
.
Conan
prince
of
Wales
,
and
his
brother
Howel
could
not
agree
,
insomuch
that
they
tried
the
matter
by
battell
,
wherein
Howel
had
the
victorie
.
This
Howel
the
brother
of
Conan
,
King
or
Prince
of
Northwales
,
did
claime
the
Ile
of
Môn
or
Anglesey
for
part
of
his
fathers
inheritance
,
which
Conan
refused
to
giue
him
,
and
therevpon
they
fell
at
variance
,
and
consequentlie
to
make
warre
the
one
against
the
other
,
which
is
vnnaturall
amongst
brethren
.
Héere
I
thinke
it
fit
to
saie
somewhat
of
the
custome
and
tenure
of
Wales
,
whereof
this
mischiefe
grew
,
that
is
,
the
diuision
of
the
fathers
inheritance
amongst
all
the
sonnes
,
commonlie
called
Gauel
kinde
.
Gauel
is
a
Brytishe
tearme
,
signifieng
a
hold
,
because
euerie
one
of
the
sonnes
did
hold
some
portion
of
his
fathers
lands
,
as
his
lawfull
sonne
and
successour
.
This
was
the
cause
not
onlie
of
the
ouerthrow
of
all
the
ancient
nobilitie
of
Wales
(
for
by
that
meanes
,
the
inheritance
being
continuallie
diuided
and
subdiuided
amongst
the
children
,
and
the
childrens
children
,
&c.
was
at
length
brought
to
nothing
)
but
also
of
much
bloudshead
and
vnnaturall
strife
and
contention
amongst
brethren
,
as
we
haue
héere
an
example
,
and
manie
other
in
this
historie
.
This
kind
of
partition
is
verie
good
to
plant
and
settle
anie
nation
in
a
large
countrie
not
inhabited
,
but
in
a
populous
countrie
alreadie
furnished
with
inhabitants
,
it
is
the
verie
decaie
of
great
families
,
and
(
as
I
said
before
)
the
cause
of
strife
and
debate
.
And
the
next
yeare
there
was
much
hurt
done
by
thunder
,
and
in
diuers
places
manie
houses
burnt
to
the
earth
.
The
same
yeare
died
Gruffyth
the
sonne
of
Run
,
and
Griffri
the
sonne
of
Kyngen
was
slaine
by
the
treason
of
Elice
his
brother
.
Howel
gaue
his
brother
Conan
another
battell
,
and
slew
a
great
number
of
his
people
,
wherevppon
,
Conan
leauied
an
armie
,
in
the
yeare
817.
&
chased
his
brother
Howel
out
of
the
Ile
of
Môn
or
Anglesey
,
compelling
him
to
flie
into
Man
.
And
a
little
after
died
Conan
,
chiefe
King
of
the
Brytaines
or
Welshmen
,
leauing
behind
him
a
daughter
called
Esylht
,
which
was
married
to
a
noble
man
,
called
Mervyn
Vrych
,
the
sonne
of
Gwyriad
,
or
Vriet
,
the
son
of
Elidur
,
&
so
forth
in
the
right
line
to
Belinus
the
brother
of
Brennus
King
of
the
Brytaines
,
and
his
mother
was
Nest
,
the
daughter
of
Cadelh
King
of
Powys
,
the
sonne
of
Brochwel
Yscithroc
,
(
that
fought
with
the
Saxons
at
Bangor
,
)
who
was
prince
of
Powys
.
Galfride
.
I.
Cast.
Matth.
West
.
This
Brochwel
is
called
of
the
Latine
writers
Breciuallus
and
Brochmaelus
,
of
whom
I
find
thus
written
in
Historia
diuae
Monacellae
.
Fuit
olim
in
Powysia
quidam
princeps
illustrissimus
nomine
Brochwel
Yscithroc
,
Consul
Legecestriae
,
qui
in
vrbe
tunc
temporis
,
Pengwern
Powys
,
nunc
verò
Salopia
dicta
est
,
habitabat
:
cuius
domicilium
seu
habitaculum
ibi
steterat
,
vbi
collegium
diui
Ceddae
nunc
situm
est
.
That
is
.
There
was
sometimes
in
Powys
a
noble
Prince
,
named
Brochwel
Yscithroc
,
Consul
or
Earle
of
Chester
,
who
dwelt
in
a
towne
then
called
Pengwerne
Powys
,
and
now
Salope
,
whose
dwelling
house
was
in
the
verie
same
place
where
the
College
of
Saint
Chad
now
standeth
.
This
man
with
Caduan
king
of
Brytaine
,
Galfrid
.
Cast.
Morgan
king
of
Demetia
,
and
Bledericus
king
of
Cornewal
,
gaue
an
ouerthrow
to
Ethelfred
king
of
Northumberland
,
vpon
the
riuer
of
Dee
,
Anno
gratiae
617.
of
whome
,
the
ancestors
of
diuers
in
Wales
liuing
at
this
daie
,
are
knowne
(
by
ancient
bookes
and
records
)
to
haue
descended
.
Mervyn
Vrych
,
and
Esylht
.
Mervyn
Vrych
,
&
Esylht
the
daughter
of
Conan
.
Matth
West
.
Sim.
Dunel
.
H.
Hunt.
THE
first
yeare
of
the
reigne
of
Mervyn
Vrych
,
and
Esylht
his
wife
,
Egbert
King
of
Westsex
entred
into
Wales
with
a
great
armie
,
and
destroied
the
whole
countrie
vnto
Snowden
hilles
,
and
seised
to
his
hands
the
countrie
of
Rhyvonioc
in
Denbighland
.
About
this
time
,
there
was
a
sore
battell
fought
in
Anglesey
,
called
the
battell
of
Lhanuaes
.
In
the
yeare
of
Christ
819.
819
Kenulph
King
of
Mertia
destroied
West
Wales
,
and
the
summer
following
,
he
ouerranne
Powys
land
,
and
did
much
hurt
,
and
soone
after
died
,
and
Kenelme
reigned
in
his
place
.
About
the
same
time
also
Howel
King
of
Man
died
.
The
yeare
825.
Ceolwulph
was
made
King
of
Mertia
,
and
reigned
two
yeares
.
After
whome
,
Bernulph
was
created
king
,
who
was
ouerthrowne
at
Elledowne
by
Egbert
king
of
the
West
Saxons
,
who
also
brought
to
his
subiection
the
countries
of
Kent
and
West
Angles
.
Not
long
after
,
about
the
yeare
828.
828
Bernulph
was
slaine
by
the
East
Angles
.
After
that
,
there
was
a
great
battell
fought
at
a
place
called
Gauelford
,
betwixt
the
Brytaines
,
and
the
West
Saxons
of
Deuonshire
,
and
manie
thousands
cruellie
slaine
vpon
either
side
,
and
the
victorie
vncertaine
.
The
yeare
829.
829
Egbert
ouerthrew
Wyhtlafe
King
of
Mertia
,
and
made
him
subiect
to
his
Kingdome
.
He
also
passed
Humber
,
The
Kingdome
of
England
began
.
and
wan
the
land
,
and
so
was
the
first
Monarch
of
the
Saxons
,
and
brought
the
seauen
kingdomes
into
one
,
and
changed
the
name
of
Brytaine
into
England
,
and
called
the
people
Englishmen
,
and
the
language
English
:
for
the
people
that
came
into
this
Ile
from
Germanie
,
were
Saxons
,
Angles
,
and
Iuthes
.
And
of
the
Saxons
came
the
people
of
Eastsex
,
Southsex
,
Middlesex
,
and
West
Saxons
.
Of
the
Angles
came
the
East
Angles
,
middle
Angles
or
Mertians
,
and
all
on
the
North
side
of
Humber
.
And
of
the
Iuthes
came
the
inhabitants
of
Kent
,
and
the
Ile
of
Wight
.
And
the
seauen
Kingdomes
were
these
:
-
The
seauen
Saxon
kingdomes
.
1
The
first
Kent
.
-
2
The
second
Southsex
,
containing
Sussex
and
Southerie
.
-
3
The
third
East
Angles
,
containing
Northfolke
,
Southfolke
,
and
Cambridgeshire
.
-
4
The
fourth
Westsex
,
containing
Barkeshire
,
Deuonshire
,
Somersetshire
,
and
Cornewall
.
-
5
The
fift
Mertia
,
containing
Glocestershire
,
Herefordshire
,
Worcestershire
,
Shropshire
,
Staffordshire
,
Chesshire
,
Warwikeshire
,
Leycestershire
,
Darbishire
,
Notinghamshire
,
Lincolneshire
,
Northamptonshire
,
Oxfordshire
,
Buckinghamshire
,
Bedfordshire
,
and
halfe
Hertfordshire
.
-
6
The
sixt
was
East
Saxon
,
containing
Essex
,
Middlesex
,
and
the
other
halfe
of
Hertfordshire
.
-
7
The
seauenth
Kingdome
was
all
the
lands
vpon
the
North
side
of
Humber
,
which
was
also
diuided
into
two
kingdomes
,
Deyra
and
Bernicia
.
Deyra
was
the
land
betwixt
Humber
and
Tine
,
Bernicia
from
Tine
,
to
the
Scottish
sea
.
All
these
were
brought
vnder
subiection
by
Egbert
king
of
West
Saxons
,
and
this
realme
called
England
the
yeare
after
the
comming
of
Brutus
to
this
Ile
1968.
after
the
comming
of
Hengist
383.
and
after
the
departure
of
Cadwalader
149.
yeares
.
Which
name
,
although
it
hath
continued
to
this
daie
for
the
space
of
755.
yeares
,
yet
was
it
not
verie
luckie
or
fortunate
to
the
Saxons
inhabitours
of
this
realme
.
For
euen
vpon
this
change
of
their
name
,
and
vnition
of
the
kingdome
,
followed
the
terrible
and
cruell
inuasion
of
the
Danes
:
and
after
that
,
the
conquest
of
the
Normanes
,
of
whome
,
the
Kings
of
this
time
haue
descended
.
But
to
returne
to
my
matter
againe
.
The
yeare
833.
833
the
Danes
in
great
companies
landed
in
diuers
places
of
this
realme
,
and
fought
diuers
battels
with
Egbert
,
wherin
sometimes
they
,
and
sometimes
he
had
the
victorie
.
Afterward
in
the
yeare
836.
they
landed
in
West
Wales
,
and
so
passed
through
Wales
to
England
with
manie
of
the
Brytaines
,
which
ioined
with
them
against
Egbert
,
but
they
were
all
ouerthrowne
by
Egbert
at
Hengestdowne
,
who
died
the
yeare
following
.
Raunlph
.
Cest.
This
Egbert
king
of
England
wan
the
citie
of
Caer
lhêon
,
ar
Dhowrdwy
,
or
Chester
(
which
was
the
chiefe
citie
of
Venedotia
,
)
out
of
the
hands
of
the
Brytaines
,
in
whose
possession
it
remained
vntill
that
time
.
He
caused
also
(
as
some
writers
doo
affirme
)
the
brasen
image
of
Cadwalhon
king
of
Brytaine
,
Matth.
West
.
Chron.
Wig.
to
be
throwne
downe
&
defaced
,
commanding
that
no
man
vpon
paine
of
death
,
should
set
vp
anie
such
againe
,
forbidding
this
land
to
be
called
Brytain
anie
more
,
but
England
,
and
the
people
Englishmen
.
He
also
made
proclamation
(
by
the
setting
on
of
Redburga
his
wife
,
who
bearing
malice
towards
the
Brytaines
could
not
abide
any
of
that
nation
)
that
no
Brytaine
should
remaine
within
the
confines
of
England
,
Io.
Castor
.
commanding
that
al
&
singular
which
were
of
the
Brytish
bloud
,
should
within
sixe
moneths
auoide
with
their
wiues
and
children
out
of
his
kingdome
,
vpon
paine
of
losing
their
heads
.
After
the
death
of
Egbert
,
his
sonne
Ethelwulph
reigned
in
his
place
,
who
gaue
his
daughter
in
mariage
to
Berthred
his
tributarie
,
king
of
Mertia
.
He
had
great
warres
and
much
adoo
with
the
Danes
,
which
destroied
with
fire
and
sword
the
sea
coast
of
England
.
The
yeare
841.
841
died
Idwalhon
a
noble
man
of
Wales
.
And
two
yeares
after
was
the
battell
of
Kettell
betwixt
Burchred
king
of
Mertia
,
and
the
Brytaines
:
wherein
,
as
some
doo
write
,
Mervyn
Vrych
king
of
the
Brytaines
was
slaine
,
leauing
behind
him
a
sonne
called
Rodri
Mawr
,
that
is
to
saie
,
Roderike
the
Great
.
Roderike
the
Great
.
Roderike
the
Great
,
sonne
to
Mervyn
and
Esylht
.
The
yeare
846.
846
the
Danes
did
ouerrunne
a
great
part
of
England
,
Matt.
West
.
I.
Castor
.
and
fought
with
Athelstan
king
of
Kent
,
brother
to
Ethelwulph
,
and
remained
that
winter
,
and
wintered
in
England
.
This
yeare
also
was
Ithel
king
of
Gwent
or
Wentland
slaine
in
fight
by
the
men
of
Brechnock
.
This
yeare
854.
854
Kongen
king
of
Powys
died
at
Rome
,
being
slaine
of
choaked
(
as
some
saie
)
by
his
owne
men
.
And
two
yeares
after
died
Cemoyth
king
of
the
Picts
,
&
Ionathan
Lord
of
Abergeley
.
About
the
yeare
856.
856
Ethelwulph
tooke
his
iourneie
to
Rome
,
and
made
his
kingdome
tributarie
to
the
Pope
,
and
paid
the
Peter
pence
to
the
church
of
Rome
.
The
Old
Saxons
doo
bring
the
genelogie
of
this
Ethelwulph
to
Adam
,
Matt.
West
.
after
this
maner
.
Ethelwulph
the
sonne
of
Egbert
,
the
sonne
of
Alcmund
,
the
sonne
of
Eaffa
,
the
sonne
of
Eoppa
,
the
sonne
of
Ingils
,
the
brother
of
Inas
,
the
sonne
of
Kenred
,
the
sonne
of
Coelwalde
,
the
sonne
of
Cudwine
,
the
sonne
of
Ceawlin
,
the
sonne
of
Kenrick
,
the
sonne
of
Cerdicke
,
which
was
the
first
king
of
the
West
Saxons
,
the
sonne
of
Esly
,
the
sonne
of
Gewise
,
of
whom
the
people
were
called
Gwysses
,
the
daughter
of
Gewyn
,
the
sonne
of
Wingy
,
the
sonne
of
Freawyn
,
the
sonne
of
Fridagare
,
the
sonne
of
Brendy
,
the
sonne
of
Beldegy
,
the
sonne
of
Woden
,
of
whose
issue
came
the
kings
of
manie
nations
,
the
sonne
of
Frethewold
,
the
sonne
of
Freolaffe
,
,
the
sonne
of
Frethewolfe
,
the
sonne
of
Finny
,
the
sonne
of
Godulph
,
the
sonne
of
[
](A17946-e17780-b)*
*
De
quo
Sedulius
in
.
Paschali
carmin●
.
Geta
,
the
sonne
of
Teathwy
,
the
sonne
of
Beane
,
the
sonne
of
Sceldy
,
the
sonne
of
Seafe
,
which
reigned
in
a
countrie
called
Anglia
,
lieng
betwixt
the
Gothes
and
the
Saxons
,
from
whence
the
Angles
came
first
to
Brytaine
,
he
was
the
sonne
of
Heremod
,
the
sonne
of
Itermod
,
the
sonne
of
Hadey
,
the
sonne
of
Wale
,
the
sonne
of
Bedwy
,
the
sonne
of
Sem
,
the
sonne
of
Noe
,
and
so
foorth
to
Adam
.
Matth.
West
.
pag.
275.
There
is
another
petigrée
laid
downe
by
the
same
author
,
of
Offa
king
of
Mercia
,
ascending
euen
to
Adam
,
not
in
all
points
agréeing
with
this
;
so
that
the
author
writing
the
latter
,
séemeth
oftentimes
to
forget
what
he
had
written
in
the
former
.
The
like
also
I
find
in
Iohn
Castoreus
,
I.
Castor
.
at
the
end
of
the
historie
of
Edward
the
confessor
.
And
an
other
in
Matth.
Paris
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
126.
in
the
historie
of
King
Henry
.2
.
Anno.
1155.
And
these
foure
genelogies
séeme
to
ascend
by
the
same
men
,
although
the
names
doo
sometimes
varie
.
This
genelogie
haue
I
set
here
,
that
the
reader
may
vnderstand
thereby
,
that
not
onelie
the
Brytaines
,
or
Welshmen
,
but
all
other
nations
haue
beene
euer
desirous
to
set
foorth
their
antiquitie
and
progenie
,
which
was
not
verie
hard
to
such
nations
as
were
not
mingled
with
other
,
and
that
had
euer
among
them
such
as
did
onlie
from
time
to
time
professe
that
art
,
and
customablie
did
write
the
progenie
,
wiues
,
and
children
,
of
all
such
as
were
of
any
estimation
in
the
countrie
.
In
the
which
two
things
,
Wales
had
euer
passed
all
other
countries
,
as
they
which
haue
not
mingled
with
anie
other
nations
,
vntill
of
late
years
with
Englishmen
,
and
also
haue
euer
had
such
as
did
professe
the
art
of
genelogie
,
Beirdh
.
who
although
they
haue
sometimes
erred
,
or
rather
haue
willinglie
flattered
in
learuing
false
genelogies
,
yet
surelie
are
able
by
their
bookes
to
bring
anie
Gentlemans
genelogie
of
that
countrie
,
to
such
as
haue
liued
nine
hundred
yeares
passed
,
and
but
few
further
,
except
such
as
descended
of
the
kings
of
Brytaine
.
The
Italians
,
before
they
mingled
with
the
Vandales
,
Gothes
and
Lumbards
,
brought
their
genelogies
to
Aeneas
.
The
Spaniards
to
Hesperus
,
before
the
Gothes
and
Mores
ouerranne
the
land
.
The
Saxons
to
Woden
,
before
they
mingled
with
the
Danes
and
Normans
.
Yea
the
Frenchmen
&
Turkes
reioise
at
this
daie
,
to
bring
themselues
to
the
Thracians
;
and
the
Germanes
to
the
children
of
Gwyston
:
and
it
is
possible
they
may
so
doo
,
bicause
they
haue
not
mingled
with
anie
other
,
and
haue
not
beene
ouerrun
with
anie
other
nation
.
H.
Lhoyd
.
Therfore
let
such
disdainefull
heads
,
as
scant
knowe
their
owne
Grandfathers
,
leaue
their
scoffing
and
tawnting
of
Welshmen
,
for
that
thing
that
all
other
nations
in
the
world
doo
glorie
in
;
and
let
them
read
the
ancient
writer
Berosus
,
to
whome
the
wise
Graecians
,
for
the
knowledge
they
learned
at
his
hands
,
made
an
image
of
copper
,
and
set
it
vp
in
Athens
in
memorie
of
him
,
and
there
they
shall
find
the
beginning
of
the
most
part
of
all
the
nations
in
the
world
;
and
if
they
beleeue
him
,
let
them
not
denie
ours
;
and
if
they
credit
him
not
,
let
them
beleeue
no
more
but
what
they
see
with
their
eies
,
or
that
pleaseth
their
fond
fantasies
.
But
to
the
matter
.
This
yeare
the
Danes
chased
Burchred
out
of
his
kingdome
,
Io.
Castor
.
who
also
went
to
Rome
,
and
there
died
.
The
yeare
857.
died
Ethelwulph
,
857
and
left
behind
him
his
sonnes
,
Athelbald
King
of
Westsex
,
and
Athelbright
king
of
Kent
,
and
of
the
East
Saxons
.
Iohn
.
Cast.
Sim.
Dunel
.
Matt.
Park
.
A
Kings
sonne
and
heire
Bishop
.
10.
Cast.
Of
this
Ethelwulph
it
is
written
,
that
he
was
so
well
learned
and
so
deuout
,
that
the
clarkes
of
the
church
of
Winchester
did
choose
him
in
his
youth
,
to
be
their
Bishop
,
which
function
he
tooke
vpon
him
,
&
was
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
for
seauen
yeares
before
he
was
king
.
It
is
reported
also
that
he
conquered
the
kingdom
of
Demetia
or
Southwales
,
and
gaue
the
same
with
the
kingdome
of
Southsex
,
to
Alfred
his
sonne
;
and
that
the
said
Alfred
should
bring
a
thousand
soldiers
out
of
Wales
,
to
the
aid
of
his
brother
Ethelbert
to
Winchester
,
and
there
put
the
Danes
to
flight
,
and
destroie
a
great
number
of
them
.
Athelbald
the
sonne
of
Ethelwulph
,
after
the
death
of
his
father
,
kept
his
mother
in
lawe
for
his
concubine
,
and
afterward
married
hir
in
the
citie
of
Chester
.
After
Athelbald
had
reigned
eight
yeares
,
he
died
,
and
Athelbright
his
brother
tooke
the
rule
of
his
kingdome
.
And
that
yeare
the
Danes
spoiled
Winchester
,
Fabian
.
and
after
a
great
fight
were
driuen
out
of
the
land
:
but
returning
to
Tenet
,
they
remained
there
for
that
winter
,
and
spoiled
by
incursions
all
the
sea
shore
.
This
yeare
also
was
the
battell
of
Gweythen
,
betwixt
the
Brytaines
and
the
Englishmen
,
and
a
great
number
slaine
on
either
side
.
The
yeare
865.
died
Conan
Nant
Niuer
,
865
a
worthy
captaine
,
H.
Hunt.
and
a
noble
warrior
.
And
the
yeare
following
,
came
Hungare
and
Hubba
,
with
a
great
armie
of
Danes
into
England
.
In
the
yeare
867.
died
Athelbright
,
867
and
Ethelred
his
brother
reigned
in
his
stead
.
The
Danes
the
next
yeare
insuing
,
spoiled
Yorke
,
H.
Hunt.
Fabian
.
Ran.
Cest.
and
slew
the
two
Kings
of
Northumberland
,
Osbright
and
Elba
,
and
afterward
they
ouerran
all
the
countrie
vnto
Notingham
,
spoiling
and
destroieng
all
before
them
,
and
then
returned
to
Yorke
,
and
from
thence
to
East
Angle
,
where
they
slue
Edmund
the
King.
The
sixt
yeare
of
Ethelred
came
another
host
of
Danes
through
Westsex
,
and
to
Reding
,
with
Basrecke
and
Alding
,
and
fought
fiue
battels
with
Ethelred
and
Alfred
his
brother
,
in
two
of
the
which
the
Danes
were
ouercome
at
Henglefild
&
Estondowne
,
and
in
the
three
other
the
Englishmen
were
ouerthrowne
at
Reding
,
Basing
,
&
Mereton
.
The
yeare
871.
King
Ethelred
died
,
871
&
Alfred
his
brother
reigned
in
his
stead
.
Alfred
assoone
as
he
had
taken
the
kingdome
vpon
him
,
considering
with
himselfe
,
what
a
heauie
burthen
he
did
sustaine
,
inquired
after
the
wisest
and
the
best
learned
men
that
he
could
heare
of
,
that
he
might
be
directed
by
them
,
whome
he
worthilie
intertained
,
vsing
their
aduise
as
well
in
the
publike
gouernment
of
the
common
welth
,
as
in
his
priuate
studies
and
conference
of
learning
.
He
sent
for
two
famous
learned
men
out
of
Wales
;
Bale
.
Cent.
2.
Cap.
24.
the
one
named
Iohn
De
Erigena
sirnamed
also
Scotus
,
borne
at
Meneuia
or
S.
Dauids
,
brought
vp
in
that
colledge
,
who
hauing
for
learning
sake
trauelled
to
Athens
,
and
bestowed
there
manie
yéeres
in
the
studie
of
the
Gréeke
,
Hebrue
,
and
Chaldie
toongs
,
and
the
secret
mysteries
of
Philosophie
,
came
from
thence
to
France
,
where
he
was
well
accepted
with
Carolus
Calnus
and
Ludouicus
Balbus
,
1.
Castor
.
and
there
translated
the
works
of
Dionysius
Areopagita
,
De
coelesti
hierarchia
,
out
of
the
Gréeke
into
the
Latine
toong
;
and
at
the
last
being
returned
home
to
Wales
,
was
sent
for
by
this
King
Alfred
,
who
then
founded
and
erected
the
vniuersitie
of
Oxford
,
&
was
the
first
that
professed
learning
,
Polydor
,
lit●
.
and
read
publikelie
in
the
said
Uniuersitie
.
The
other
was
Asserius
or
Asser
,
Hol.
pa
218.
of
whom
I
shall
haue
occasion
to
speake
hereafter
.
He
would
not
suffer
anie
to
beare
office
in
his
court
,
but
such
as
were
learned
,
exhorting
all
men
generallie
to
embrace
and
honour
learning
and
learned
men
.
Alfred
in
the
first
yeare
of
his
reigne
,
fought
two
battels
with
the
Danes
vpon
the
south
side
of
Thames
,
and
slue
of
them
one
King
,
and
nine
Earles
.
About
this
yeare
,
died
Gwgan
King
of
Caerdigan
.
This
was
that
noble
Gwgan
ap
Mevric
ap
Dunwal
ap
Arthen
ap
Sitsylht
,
King
or
prince
of
Caerdigan
,
who
as
some
Brytish
bookes
haue
,
was
at
this
time
drowned
by
misfortune
.
At
this
time
the
Danes
destroied
the
towne
of
Alclyde
,
and
wan
London
and
Reding
,
and
all
the
inland
and
kingdome
of
Mercia
.
And
one
King
or
leader
of
them
tooke
the
countrie
of
Northumberland
,
and
he
and
his
people
did
much
trouble
the
Pictes
.
Likewise
the
yeare
following
,
three
Kings
of
the
Danes
went
from
Cambridge
to
Warham
in
Dorcetshire
,
and
Alfred
would
haue
giuen
them
battell
,
but
the
Danes
desired
peace
,
and
foresware
England
,
which
they
neuer
did
before
,
and
the
same
night
their
horsemen
tooke
their
iournie
toward
Excester
,
and
their
footemen
which
went
to
the
sea
were
all
drowned
at
Sandwitch
.
When
the
Danes
had
thus
abiured
England
,
they
bent
their
force
against
Wales
,
and
entred
the
Ile
of
môn
with
a
great
armie
,
in
the
yeare
of
Christ
873.
873
where
Roderike
gaue
them
two
battels
,
one
at
a
place
called
Bangole
,
Matt.
West
.
and
another
at
a
place
called
Menegid
in
Anglesey
.
S●
Dunelm
.
Matt.
West
.
I
find
also
that
about
this
time
Halden
and
Hungare
,
two
Captaines
of
the
Danes
,
arriued
in
Southwales
,
and
ouerran
the
whole
countrie
,
destroieng
all
before
them
with
fire
and
sword
,
neither
sparing
churches
nor
religious
houses
,
but
within
a
while
after
,
they
receiued
their
deserued
reward
at
the
hands
of
the
West
Saxons
,
who
méeting
with
them
on
the
coast
of
Deuonshire
,
slew
both
Halden
and
Hungare
,
with
1200.
of
their
people
.
At
this
time
,
Eneon
Bishop
of
Meneuia
or
S.
Dauids
died
,
and
Hubert
was
installed
in
his
place
.
And
within
two
yeares
after
,
Dungarth
king
of
Cornewall
was
drowned
by
a
mischance
.
In
the
yeare
876.
876
the
Englishmen
entred
into
Anglesey
,
and
fought
with
the
Welshmen
a
sore
battell
,
who
,
in
the
yeare
following
,
slue
Roderike
king
or
prince
of
Wales
,
and
Gwyriad
his
brother
,
or
as
some
saie
,
his
son
.
This
Roderike
had
by
his
wife
Enghârad
the
daughter
of
Meyric
the
son
of
Dyfnwal
or
Dunwal
the
son
of
Arthen
ap
Sitsylht
,
diuers
sonnes
,
as
Anarawd
his
eldest
sonne
,
to
whome
he
gaue
Aberfraw
with
Northwales
;
Cadelh
the
second
son
,
who
had
Dinevwr
with
Southwales
,
and
also
tooke
Mathraual
and
Powys
land
by
force
from
his
brethren
,
after
the
death
of
Mervyn
the
third
sonne
,
to
whome
his
father
had
giuen
the
same
.
Roderike
the
Great
is
counted
of
all
writers
to
be
the
vndoubted
owner
and
possessor
of
all
Wales
.
Venedotia
or
Northwales
descended
vnto
him
from
his
mother
Esylht
,
the
daughter
and
sole
heire
of
Conan
Tindaethwy
,
as
is
euident
by
this
historie
.
Demetia
or
Southwales
(
as
some
doo
affirme
)
came
to
him
by
his
wife
,
the
daughter
&
heire
of
Meyricap
Dyfnwal
ap
Arthen
ap
Sitsylht
king
of
Caerdigan
:
hir
brethren
(
who
are
thought
to
be
illegitimate
)
holding
of
hir
husband
.
Powys
he
had
by
Nest
,
the
sister
and
heire
of
Congen
ap
Cadelh
King
of
Powys
,
which
was
his
fathers
mother
.
These
thrée
dominions
he
appointed
vnder
their
meares
and
bounds
,
with
a
princelie
house
in
euerie
of
them
,
which
he
named
Y
tair
Talaeth
,
and
left
the
same
vnto
thrée
of
his
sonnes
,
Anarawd
,
Cadelh
,
and
Mervyn
,
which
were
called
Y
tri
twysoc
Talaethioc
,
that
is
,
The
thrée
crowned
princes
,
because
euerie
of
them
did
weare
vpon
his
bonet
or
helmet
a
coronet
of
gold
,
being
a
broade
lace
or
headband
indented
vpward
,
set
and
wrought
with
pretious
stones
,
which
in
the
Brytish
or
Welsh
speach
is
called
Talaeth
:
and
so
to
this
daie
nurses
doo
name
that
broade
headband
,
wherewith
a
childs
head
is
bound
vppermost
vpon
some
other
linen
cloathes
,
Talaeth
.
Aberffraw
was
the
chiefe
house
of
the
prince
of
Gwyneth
,
whose
dominion
was
therfore
called
Talaeth
Aberffraw
:
Dinevowr
the
princelie
house
of
Dehevbarth
,
whereof
that
part
is
named
Talaeth
Dinevowr
:
and
in
like
maner
Talaeth
Mathraval
is
so
called
,
of
the
princelie
seate
of
Powys
,
called
Mathraval
.
Girald
.
Cam.
Giraldus
Cambrensis
in
his
booke
intituled
Descriptio
Cambriae
,
is
of
opinion
,
that
Mervyn
was
the
eldest
sonne
of
Roderike
,
to
whome
Venedotia
was
giuen
,
and
was
the
father
of
Anandhrec
,
which
was
the
father
of
Meyric
,
which
was
the
father
of
Edwal
,
which
was
the
father
of
Iago
,
&c
:
and
that
Anarawd
had
Powys
,
and
died
without
issue
.
But
the
common
opinion
of
all
other
writers
is
to
the
contrarie
,
agréeable
to
that
which
this
Author
affirmeth
.
Roderike
had
also
Roderike
,
Meyric
,
Edwal
or
Tudwal
,
Gwyriad
and
Gathelic
,
of
whome
you
shall
heare
in
the
historie
following
.
ANARAWD
.
Anarawd
the
sonne
of
Roderike
.
Matth.
West
.
li.
1.
pa.
342.
Other
kingdomes
and
countries
of
Europe
were
disquieted
with
this
persecution
of
the
Danes
as
well
as
England
.
For
of
this
Hasting
it
is
written
,
that
laieng
séege
to
the
citie
of
Limogis
in
France
,
and
despairing
of
the
spéedie
winning
of
the
same
,
hée
deuised
this
traine
to
get
it
.
He
fained
himselfe
to
be
dangerouslie
sicke
,
and
sent
to
the
Bishop
,
and
the
Consul
of
the
same
citie
,
desiring
them
most
instantlie
,
that
he
might
be
admitted
to
the
christian
faith
,
and
be
baptised
before
his
departure
out
of
this
world
.
The
Bishop
and
the
Consul
(
suspecting
no
guile
)
were
verie
glad
,
not
onlie
to
be
deliuered
from
the
present
trouble
,
but
also
to
winne
such
a
woorthie
man
to
the
congregation
of
Christ
.
Wherevpon
,
firme
peace
being
made
betwéene
both
nations
,
Hasting
is
baptised
,
the
Bishop
and
the
Consul
being
his
Godfathers
,
which
thing
being
done
,
he
was
caried
by
the
souldiours
to
his
ships
in
verie
weake
case
,
as
he
outwardlie
pretended
.
About
midnight
he
caused
himselfe
being
armed
in
his
complet
harnesse
,
to
be
laid
vpon
a
béere
,
commanding
his
souldiours
to
be
armed
,
and
to
carie
their
weapons
with
them
vnder
their
vpper
garments
,
and
so
to
be
readie
when
he
should
giue
them
a
signe
.
The
daie
following
,
all
things
being
in
a
readines
,
he
was
brought
solemnelie
by
his
people
with
great
clamor
and
counterfet
moorning
to
be
interred
in
the
chiefe
church
of
the
citie
,
where
the
Bishop
and
the
Consul
accompanied
with
all
the
worship
of
the
same
citie
came
to
honor
the
buriall
:
but
as
soone
as
the
Bishop
had
made
himselfe
readie
to
burie
the
corpse
(
most
of
all
the
townes
men
being
in
the
church
)
Hasting
stepped
vp
all
armed
with
his
sword
drawne
,
and
first
killed
the
Bishop
and
the
Consul
,
and
then
fell
with
his
armed
souldiours
vpon
the
naked
people
,
and
destroied
them
in
a
maner
euerie
one
,
putting
all
to
the
sword
,
neither
sparing
age
,
sexe
,
or
infirmitie
.
And
when
he
had
sacked
the
towne
,
he
sent
messengers
to
Charles
the
French
King
for
peace
,
which
he
obteined
,
and
withall
,
the
citie
of
Charters
towards
his
charges
to
be
quiet
.
About
this
time
Evneth
the
sonne
of
Bledryd
a
Baron
of
Wales
died
.
And
the
yeare
893.
893
.
Anarawd
King
or
prince
of
Northwales
,
came
with
a
great
number
of
Englishmen
,
and
made
war
against
his
brother
Cadelh
,
and
spoiled
the
countries
of
Caerdigan
and
Ystradgwy
.
In
those
daies
the
Danes
beseeged
Excester
,
Matth.
West
.
against
whome
,
when
Alfred
went
,
they
which
were
at
Auldre
passed
ouer
to
Essex
,
and
builded
a
Castell
at
Scobrith
,
and
from
thence
tooke
their
iournie
to
Budington
vpon
Seauerne
.
And
when
Alfred
came
to
Excester
,
the
Danes
fled
to
the
sea
,
and
spoiled
the
seacoasts
of
Wales
.
And
they
which
were
in
Budington
,
hearing
of
the
kings
comming
,
fled
backe
to
their
Castell
in
Essex
.
Another
companie
of
them
came
to
Leycester
,
where
Alfred
did
beseege
them
,
till
they
were
driuen
to
eate
their
owne
horsses
.
Afterwards
the
yeare
895.
895
.
the
Danes
that
were
in
Leycester
,
with
all
the
rest
of
them
which
were
in
Northumberland
,
passed
by
the
North
seas
to
Meresige
an
Ile
in
Essex
,
H.
Hunt.
and
the
yeare
following
,
they
entred
the
riuer
Lyne
with
the
Thames
,
and
there
builded
a
Castell
twentie
miles
from
London
:
and
as
they
came
to
spoile
the
countrie
,
they
were
ouerthrown
,
and
lost
foure
of
their
princes
,
and
fled
to
the
Castell
.
Then
Alfred
diuided
the
riuer
into
three
parts
,
so
that
the
water
was
so
diminished
,
that
their
ships
could
not
returne
to
the
sea
,
which
thing
when
the
Danes
saw
,
they
left
their
wiues
and
children
in
Essex
,
Matt.
West
.
and
passed
spoiling
the
land
to
Quadbryge
vpon
Seauerne
,
and
so
passed
the
riuer
,
and
spoiled
the
countries
of
Brecknocke
,
Gwentland
,
&
Gwentlhwg
.
Also
this
yeare
went
a
great
number
of
them
to
France
by
the
riuer
Seyn
,
and
another
companie
of
them
spoiled
the
coastes
of
Deuonshire
,
where
they
lost
sixe
ships
after
a
long
conflict
.
The
summer
following
,
the
countrie
of
Ireland
was
destroied
with
strange
woormes
hauing
twoo
teeth
,
which
consumed
all
that
was
greene
in
the
land
.
These
seeme
to
be
Locusts
,
a
rare
plague
in
these
countries
,
but
often
seene
in
Afrike
,
Italie
,
and
other
hot
regions
.
900
About
the
yeare
900.
Igmond
with
a
great
number
of
souldiours
came
to
Anglesey
,
and
the
Welshmen
gaue
him
battell
at
Molerain
.
There
be
some
Brytish
copies
of
this
historie
,
which
affirme
,
that
this
battell
betwéene
Igmond
captaine
of
the
blacke
nations
and
the
Brytaines
,
wherein
Mervyn
was
slaine
,
was
fought
at
a
place
called
Meilon
,
of
the
which
it
was
called
Maes
Rhos
Meilon
.
The
same
yeare
died
Alfred
,
which
some
call
Alured
,
making
(
v
)
a
vowell
,
which
should
be
a
consonant
.
This
prince
translated
the
ancient
lawes
of
Dyfnwal
Moelmut
king
of
Brytaine
,
and
the
laws
of
Marsia
Queene
of
Brytaine
,
and
wife
to
Cyhelin
,
out
of
Brytish
into
English
,
and
called
it
Marsian
law
,
which
law
was
afterward
called
Westsaxon
lex
,
and
kept
in
a
part
of
Mercia
,
and
in
all
the
countries
on
the
south
of
Thames
,
for
the
other
part
of
the
land
had
another
law
called
Dane
lex
,
and
these
remained
till
Edward
the
Confessors
time
,
who
of
these
two
lawes
made
one
.
Also
this
Alfred
did
diuide
the
daie
in
three
parts
by
a
taper
which
burnt
continuallie
in
his
chappell
,
Io.
Cast.
and
endured
iust
24.
houres
.
The
first
part
of
that
time
he
bestowed
at
his
booke
and
in
praier
:
the
second
in
the
affaires
of
the
common
wealth
:
and
the
third
part
to
take
his
rest
and
refresh
himselfe
:
after
whose
death
,
Asser
Men●ven
.
a
certaine
clearke
made
his
Epitaph
,
as
heere
followeth
.
Nobilitas
innata
tibi
probitatis
honorem
Armipotens
Alfrede
dedit
,
probitásque
laborem
,
Perpetuúmque
labor
nomen
,
cui
mixta
dolori
Gaudia
semper
erant
,
spes
semper
mixta
timori
.
Si
modò
victor
eras
,
ad
crastina
bella
pauebas
,
Si
modò
victus
eras
,
&
crastina
bella
parabas
,
Cui
vestes
sudore
iugi
,
cui
sica
cruore
Tincta
iugi
,
quantum
sit
onus
regnare
probarunt
.
Non
fuit
immensi
quisquam
per
climata
mundi
,
Cui
tot
in
aduersis
vel
respirare
liceret
:
Nec
tamen
aut
ferro
contritus
ponere
ferrum
,
Aut
gladio
potuit
vitae
finisse
labores
.
I
am
post
transactos
regni
vitaeque
labores
,
Christus
ei
fit
vera
quies
,
sceptrúmque
perenne
.
After
Alfred
reigned
Edward
his
sonne
,
against
whome
,
Adelwulph
his
brother
made
cruell
war
,
who
flieng
to
Northumberland
,
stirred
the
Danes
against
him
.
He
was
chosen
King
as
well
of
the
Danes
as
of
the
Angles
,
which
at
that
time
had
growne
to
be
one
people
:
and
after
he
subdued
the
East
Saxons
,
and
with
a
great
armie
spoiled
Mercia
,
and
passing
ouer
Thames
at
Crickland
,
destroied
Brythend
,
and
returned
home
with
great
spoile
.
At
this
time
,
Evneth
was
slaine
in
Arwystli
.
King
Edward
also
pursued
his
brother
,
H.
Hunt.
and
ouerran
all
the
land
betwixt
Ouse
,
and
the
dike
of
S.
Edmund
,
and
returned
backe
with
all
his
armie
,
sauing
the
Kentishmen
which
taried
to
spoile
,
Matt.
West
.
Io.
Cast.
against
whom
the
Danes
came
and
fought
a
sore
battell
,
and
slue
a
great
number
of
them
,
and
put
the
rest
to
flight
.
The
Danes
about
the
yeare
905.
905
entred
into
Ireland
and
fought
with
the
Irishmen
,
and
slue
Carmot
King
and
Bishop
of
all
Ireland
,
and
the
sonne
of
Cukeman
,
a
man
both
godlie
and
religious
,
and
Kyrnalt
sonne
of
Murgan
King
of
Lagines
.
About
a
yeare
after
died
Asser
Archbishop
of
Wales
.
Bale
,
Cent.
2.
pag.
125.
Giral
.
Camb.
There
were
two
of
this
name
at
the
same
time
both
countriemen
and
kinsmen
;
the
one
being
the
vncle
,
was
Archbishop
of
S.
Dauids
,
of
whome
mention
is
made
in
this
place
.
The
other
Asser
the
nephew
was
a
man
of
excellent
learning
and
wisedome
,
and
for
that
cause
being
Chancellour
to
his
vncle
,
was
sent
for
by
King
Alfred
to
teach
his
children
,
who
wrote
the
actes
of
the
same
Alfred
,
and
was
afterward
Bishop
of
Shireburne
,
of
whom
mention
is
made
in
the
English
Chronicles
.
About
this
time
,
Edward
sent
a
great
armie
to
Northumberland
,
which
spoiled
the
countrie
,
and
then
returned
home
:
neuerthelesse
,
the
Danes
folowed
them
,
and
destroied
a
great
part
of
Mercia
.
But
within
a
while
after
,
Edward
gathered
an
armie
,
and
giuing
them
battell
,
ouerthrew
them
,
and
slue
their
kings
Alden
and
Edelwulph
,
and
a
great
number
of
their
nobles
.
This
yeare
,
died
Edelred
Duke
of
Mercia
,
Matt.
West
.
pag.
354.
which
had
long
been
sicke
,
after
whome
,
Elfleda
his
wife
enioied
the
countrie
of
Mercia
,
sauing
the
cities
of
London
and
Oxford
,
which
king
Edward
seised
into
his
owne
hands
.
The
yeare
907.
907
died
Cadelh
King
or
Prince
of
Southwales
,
second
sonne
of
Roderike
the
great
,
leauing
behind
him
three
sonnes
,
Howel
Dha
(
that
is
to
saie
,
Howel
the
good
)
who
succeeded
his
father
in
the
kingdome
of
Southwales
,
Meyric
and
Clydawc
.
About
two
yeares
after
,
King
Edward
did
build
the
Castell
of
Hartford
betwixt
the
riuers
Benefic
,
Matth.
West
.
Minier
,
and
Lige
;
and
also
the
borough
of
Wytham
in
Essex
,
and
laie
at
Wealdyne
,
where
he
subdued
those
countries
.
The
yeare
following
,
the
Danes
of
Leycester
and
Hampton
slew
a
great
number
of
Englishmen
at
Hochnorton
,
and
in
their
returne
homeward
,
spoiled
all
Oxfordshire
.
The
next
yeare
after
that
,
there
came
a
great
nauie
from
Tydwike
,
with
Vther
and
Rahald
,
and
past
by
the
westerne
sea
to
Wales
,
and
destroied
S.
Dauids
,
and
there
fought
the
battel
of
Dinerth
,
where
Mayloc
(
the
sonne
of
Peredur
Gam
)
was
slaine
.
And
afterward
they
entred
Herefordshire
,
where
they
were
fought
withall
,
and
Rahald
slaine
,
and
the
rest
compelled
to
forsweare
the
Kings
land
.
Then
the
King
caused
the
southside
of
Seauerne
to
be
kept
with
a
great
armie
;
yet
did
the
Danes
twise
enter
his
land
,
once
by
the
East
at
Werd
,
and
another
time
at
Portogan
,
but
they
were
at
either
time
ouerthrowne
by
the
Englishmen
.
And
from
thence
they
departed
to
the
Ile
of
Stepen
,
from
whence
they
were
driuen
by
hunger
to
Southwales
,
where
they
were
beaten
,
and
constrained
to
depart
into
Ireland
.
The
yeare
insuing
,
there
was
a
great
battell
fought
betwixt
the
Kentishmen
and
the
Danes
at
Holme
,
but
who
had
the
victorie
,
is
not
certainelie
reported
.
In
the
yeare
913.
913
Anarawd
chiefe
King
of
Wales
died
,
and
left
behind
him
two
sonnes
,
Edwal
Voel
,
which
reigned
after
him
,
and
Elise
.
Edwal
Voel
.
Edwal
Voel
sonne
of
Anarawd
.
Matt.
West
.
pag.
354.
I
thinke
that
the
name
of
Leycester
is
héere
mistaken
for
Legecestria
,
that
is
,
Chester
,
called
of
the
Romanes
Legionum
Cestria
,
which
being
destroied
by
the
Danes
,
was
about
this
time
by
the
procurement
of
a
Adelred
Duke
of
Mercia
,
and
Elflede
his
wife
,
repaired
and
reedified
,
as
Matth.
Westm.
writeth
,
and
as
the
ancient
records
of
the
citie
of
Chester
doo
testifie
.
Besides
that
,
I
find
no
mention
of
the
reedifieng
of
Leycester
at
this
time
,
neither
in
the
Brytish
Chronicle
,
nor
yet
in
anie
ancient
English
writer
.
The
next
summer
after
,
the
men
of
Deuelyne
did
destroie
the
Ile
of
Môn
or
Anglesey
.
And
the
yeare
917.
917
Clydawc
the
sonne
of
Cadelh
was
slaine
by
the
hands
of
his
brother
Meyric
,
and
about
the
same
time
,
Io.
Castor
.
the
Englishmen
did
ouerthrowe
the
Danes
after
a
great
fight
at
Tottenhale
.
Io.
Cast.
Io.
Castoreus
reporteth
this
storie
in
this
maner
.
Huganus
Lord
of
Westwales
,
perceiuing
King
Edward
to
be
occupied
in
the
Danish
warre
,
farre
enough
from
him
,
gathered
an
armie
of
Brytaines
,
and
entered
the
Kings
land
.
Wherevpon
Elfled
,
Ladie
of
Mercia
,
the
sister
of
King
Edward
,
came
to
Wales
with
a
strong
armie
,
and
fought
with
the
Welshmen
at
Brechnocke
,
and
putting
Huganus
to
flight
,
tooke
his
wife
and
34.
men
captiues
,
and
lead
them
with
hir
to
Mercia
.
Huganus
thus
discomfited
,
fled
to
Derbie
,
&
there
being
peaceablie
receiued
of
the
countriemen
with
fiftéene
men
of
war
,
and
two
hundred
souldiors
well
appointed
,
ioined
himselfe
with
the
Kings
aduersaries
the
Danes
,
of
which
thing
when
Elfled
was
certified
by
the
men
of
Derby
,
shée
folowed
him
with
a
great
armie
,
and
entred
the
gates
of
that
towne
,
where
Huganus
resisted
hir
,
and
slue
foure
of
hir
chiefe
officers
.
But
Gwyane
Lord
of
the
Ile
of
Elie
hir
Steward
,
set
the
gates
on
fire
,
and
furiouslie
running
vpon
the
Brytaines
,
entred
the
towne
.
Then
Huganus
being
ouermatched
,
and
choosing
rather
to
die
by
the
sword
,
than
to
yéeld
himselfe
vnto
a
woman
,
was
there
slaine
.
Thus
out
of
Castoreus
.
The
yeare
insuing
,
Elfled
wan
Leycester
,
and
subdued
to
hir
all
the
Danes
that
laie
there
.
The
Yorkeshiremen
also
did
hir
homage
and
seruice
:
she
died
at
Tamworth
,
after
that
she
had
worthilie
ruled
Mercia
eight
yeares
,
and
lieth
buried
at
Glocester
by
S.
Peters
porch
,
vpon
whose
toombe
,
this
Epitaph
was
written
.
H.
Hunt.
O
Elfleda
potens
,
ô
terror
virgo
virorum
,
O
Elfleda
potens
,
nomine
digna
viri
.
Te
quoque
splendidior
fecit
natura
puellam
,
Te
probitas
fecit
nomen
habere
viri
.
Te
mutare
decet
sed
solùm
nomina
sexus
,
Tu
regina
potens
réxque
trophea
parans
.
I
am
nec
Caesareos
tantùm
mirere
triumphos
,
Caesare
splendidior
virgo
,
virago
vale
.
After
the
death
of
Elfled
,
Matth.
West
.
Edward
disinherited
hir
daughter
Alfwyen
,
and
seazed
the
land
of
Mercia
to
his
owne
hands
.
The
cause
why
Edward
disinherited
this
yoong
Ladie
his
néece
,
Io.
Cast.
whose
mother
Elfled
,
being
his
owne
sister
,
had
done
so
much
for
him
,
was
(
as
Castoreus
writeth
)
for
that
Alfwyen
not
making
the
king
hir
vncle
(
whome
hir
mother
had
appointed
gardian
and
ouerséer
of
hir
)
priuie
to
hir
doings
,
had
promised
and
contracted
mariage
with
Raynald
king
of
the
Danes
:
wherevpon
,
king
Edward
,
to
preuent
his
enimie
,
entred
the
land
of
Mercia
,
and
seazed
the
same
to
his
owne
hands
,
and
caried
also
the
said
Ladie
with
him
into
Westsex
.
The
same
Author
also
reporteth
,
that
about
this
time
,
Leofred
a
Dane
,
and
Gruffyth
ap
Madoc
,
brother
in
law
to
the
prince
of
Westwales
,
came
from
Ireland
with
a
great
armie
to
Snowdon
,
and
minding
to
bring
all
Wales
and
the
marches
thereof
to
their
subiection
,
ouerran
and
subdued
all
the
countrie
to
Chester
,
before
King
Edward
was
certified
of
their
arriuall
.
Whereat
he
was
verie
sore
offended
,
and
being
loath
to
trouble
his
subiects
in
that
behalfe
,
made
a
vowe
that
he
and
his
sonnes
,
with
their
owne
people
,
would
be
reuenged
vpon
Leofred
and
Gruffyth
,
and
therevpon
came
to
Chester
,
and
wan
the
citie
from
them
.
Then
he
diuided
his
armie
into
two
batels
,
whereof
he
and
his
sonne
Athelstan
lead
the
first
,
and
Edmund
and
Edred
the
second
,
and
so
folowed
them
with
as
much
celeritie
as
he
could
,
and
ouertooke
them
at
the
forest
of
Walewode
,
now
Sherwode
,
where
Leofred
and
Gruffyth
set
vpon
him
fierselie
,
so
that
the
king
in
the
beginning
was
in
some
distresse
,
vntill
Athelstane
stepped
in
betwéene
his
father
and
Leofred
,
and
wounded
the
Dane
in
the
arme
,
in
such
sort
,
that
he
being
not
able
to
hold
his
speare
,
was
soone
taken
,
and
committed
to
the
custodie
of
Athelstane
.
In
the
meane
time
,
Edmund
and
Edred
incountring
with
Gruffyth
,
slew
him
,
and
brought
his
head
to
their
father
.
Then
Athelstane
caused
Leofred
to
be
headed
,
and
so
both
their
heads
were
set
vp
together
on
the
top
of
the
towre
of
Chester
,
and
Edward
and
his
sonnes
returned
home
with
great
triumph
.
Then
Edward
,
after
he
had
builded
Glademutham
,
died
at
Ferandyne
,
whose
sonne
named
Alfred
died
also
the
same
time
at
Oxford
,
and
were
buried
both
at
Winchester
,
Anno
924.
924
After
whose
death
,
Adelstane
his
base
son
reigned
King
of
England
,
which
was
the
woorthiest
prince
of
Saxon
bloud
that
euer
reigned
.
He
did
ouercome
Cudfryd
the
father
of
Reynald
King
of
the
Danes
,
at
Yorke
.
He
gathered
also
the
second
yeare
of
his
reigne
,
a
great
armie
against
Hawlaf
King
of
Ireland
,
Io.
Castor
.
who
came
with
the
whole
power
of
the
Scots
and
Danes
against
him
,
and
gaue
him
battell
at
Brimestburie
,
where
Adelstan
gate
the
victorie
,
and
slue
the
said
king
Hawlaf
and
the
king
of
Scots
,
and
fiue
kings
of
the
Danes
and
Normanes
,
and
twelue
Earles
,
so
that
he
brought
all
the
land
of
England
and
Scotland
in
subiection
to
him
,
which
none
of
his
predecessors
had
euer
attempted
.
The
yeare
933.
933
Owen
the
sonne
of
Gruffyth
was
slaine
by
the
men
of
Caerdigan
.
Then
Adelstan
did
enter
Wales
with
a
great
armie
,
Wil.
Malms
.
Hol.
pa.
225.
Io.
Cast.
and
brought
the
kings
of
the
countrie
to
subiection
,
and
receiued
yearelie
of
tribute
20.
pound
in
gold
,
and
300.
pound
in
siluer
,
and
200.
head
of
cattell
:
Matth.
West
.
Ran.
Cest.
yet
the
lawes
of
Howel
Dha
appointed
to
the
king
of
Aberfraw
to
paie
yearelie
to
the
king
of
London
no
more
but
66.
pound
for
a
tribute
:
and
that
the
prince
of
Dinevwre
and
the
prince
of
Powys
should
paie
a
like
summe
66.
pound
yearelie
to
the
king
of
Aberfraw
.
To
this
Adelstan
,
the
kings
of
Norwaie
and
France
did
send
great
and
rich
gifts
to
winne
his
friendship
and
good
will
.
936
In
the
yeare
936.
died
Evneth
the
sonne
of
Clydawc
,
and
Meyric
the
sonne
of
Cadelh
.
At
this
time
also
Adelstan
did
remooue
the
Brytaines
that
dwelt
in
Excester
and
thereaboutes
to
Cornewale
,
Matt.
West
.
Hol.
pag.
226.
and
appointed
the
riuer
Cambia
to
be
the
vtter
mere
towards
England
,
as
he
had
before
appointed
the
riuer
Wy
to
be
the
mere
of
England
and
Wales
.
In
the
yeare
of
Christ
939.
939
the
noble
prince
Adelstan
died
,
and
was
buried
at
Malmesburie
,
and
his
brother
Edmund
borne
in
wedlocke
reigned
in
his
place
,
who
in
the
first
yeare
of
his
reigne
,
wan
fiue
cities
from
the
Danes
,
Io.
Castor
.
Leycester
,
Darby
,
Stafford
,
Lincolne
,
and
Notingham
.
Then
Aulafe
King
of
the
Danes
sent
to
Edmund
to
desire
peace
and
baptisme
,
which
Edmund
granted
vnto
him
,
and
so
the
Danes
,
which
then
were
called
Normanes
,
tooke
first
the
christian
faith
,
Edmund
being
their
godfather
,
who
making
peace
with
them
,
returned
to
Westsex
with
much
honor
.
This
yeare
died
Abloic
chiefe
King
of
Ireland
.
The
yeare
following
,
Cadelh
the
sonne
of
Arthvael
a
noble
Brytaine
was
imprisoned
,
and
Edwal
Voel
the
sonne
of
Anarawd
and
Elise
his
brother
were
slaine
in
a
battell
,
which
they
fought
against
the
Danes
and
Englishmen
.
This
Edwal
had
sixe
sonnes
,
Meyric
,
Ieuaf
or
Ieuan
,
Iago
which
is
Iames
,
Conan
,
Edwal
Vachan
,
and
Roderike
.
After
whose
death
,
Howel
Dha
his
coosen
germane
ruled
all
Wales
for
his
life
time
.
Elise
also
had
issue
,
Conan
,
and
a
daughter
named
Trawst
,
which
was
mother
to
Conan
ap
Sitsylht
,
Gruffyth
ap
Sitsylht
,
and
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
,
which
two
last
were
afterward
princes
of
Wales
.
Howel
Dha
.
Howel
Dha
,
cousen
germane
to
Edwal
Voel
.
Howel
Dha
king
or
prince
of
all
Wales
,
perceiuing
the
lawes
and
customes
of
his
countrie
to
haue
growne
vnto
great
abuse
,
sent
for
the
Archbishop
of
Meneuia
,
and
all
the
other
Bishops
and
chiefe
of
the
cleargie
,
to
the
number
of
140.
prelates
,
and
all
the
Barons
and
nobles
of
Wales
,
and
caused
sixe
men
of
the
wisest
and
best
estéemed
in
euerie
Comote
to
be
called
before
him
,
whome
he
commanded
to
méete
all
together
at
his
house
called
Y
Tuy
gwyn
ar
Taf
,
that
is
,
The
white
house
vpon
the
riuer
Taf.
Thither
he
came
himselfe
,
and
there
remained
with
those
his
nobles
,
prelates
,
and
subiects
all
the
Lent
,
in
praier
and
fasting
,
crauing
the
assistance
and
direction
of
Gods
holy
spirit
,
that
he
might
reforme
the
lawes
and
customes
of
the
countrie
of
Wales
,
to
the
honor
of
God
,
and
the
quiet
gouernement
of
the
people
.
About
the
end
of
Lent
he
chose
out
of
that
companie
twelue
men
of
the
wisest
,
grauest
,
and
of
the
greatest
experience
:
to
whome
he
added
one
clearke
or
doctor
of
the
lawes
,
named
Blegored
,
a
singular
learned
and
perfect
wise
man
.
These
had
in
charge
to
examine
the
old
lawes
and
customes
of
Wales
,
and
to
gather
out
of
those
such
as
were
méete
for
the
gouernement
of
the
countrie
:
which
they
did
,
reteining
those
that
were
wholesome
and
profitable
,
expounding
those
that
were
doubtfull
and
ambiguous
,
and
abrogating
those
that
were
superfluous
and
hurtfull
,
and
so
ordeined
thrée
sorts
of
lawes
.
The
first
,
of
the
ordering
of
the
kings
or
princes
houshold
,
and
his
court
.
The
second
,
of
the
affaires
of
the
countrie
and
common
wealth
.
The
third
,
of
the
speciall
customes
belonging
to
particular
places
and
persons
.
Of
all
the
which
,
being
read
,
allowed
,
and
proclamed
,
he
caused
thrée
seuerall
bookes
to
be
written
,
one
for
his
dailie
vse
to
follow
his
court
,
another
to
lie
in
his
palace
at
Aberffraw
,
and
the
third
at
Dinevowr
,
that
all
the
thrée
prouinces
of
Wales
might
haue
the
vse
of
the
same
when
néede
required
.
And
for
the
better
obseruation
of
these
lawes
,
he
caused
the
Archbishop
of
S.
Dauids
to
denounce
sentence
of
excommunication
against
all
such
of
his
subiects
,
as
refused
to
obeie
the
same
.
Within
a
while
after
,
Howel
(
because
he
would
omit
nothing
that
could
procure
countenance
and
authoritie
to
his
said
lawes
)
went
to
Rome
,
taking
with
him
the
Archbishop
of
S.
Dauids
,
the
Bishops
of
Bangor
and
S.
Asaph
,
and
thirtéene
other
of
the
learnedst
and
wisest
men
in
Wales
,
where
the
said
lawes
being
recited
before
the
Pope
,
were
by
his
authoritie
confirmed
:
then
hauing
finished
his
deuout
pilgrimage
,
and
emptied
his
purse
,
he
returned
home
againe
with
his
companie
.
1
By
these
lawes
they
might
not
morgage
their
lands
but
to
one
of
the
same
familie
or
kindred
,
which
were
De
eadem
parentela
.
2
Euerie
tenant
holding
of
anie
other
than
of
the
prince
or
lord
of
the
fée
,
paid
a
fine
Pro
defensione
regia
,
which
was
called
Arian
ardhel
,
in
Latine
Aduocarij
.
3
No
legacie
of
goods
by
will
was
good
,
otherwise
than
those
which
were
giuen
to
the
church
,
to
the
lord
of
the
fée
,
or
for
paiment
of
debts
.
4
Euerie
man
might
distraine
as
well
for
debts
,
as
for
rent
of
lands
,
anie
goods
,
or
cattell
,
sauing
horsses
,
which
were
counted
to
serue
for
a
mans
necessarie
defense
,
and
were
not
distrainable
without
the
prince
his
licence
.
5
Causes
of
inheritance
were
not
heard
or
determined
but
from
the
ninth
of
Nouember
,
till
the
ninth
of
Februarie
;
or
from
the
ninth
of
Maie
,
vntill
the
ninth
of
August
.
The
rest
of
the
yeare
was
counted
a
time
of
vacation
,
for
sowing
in
the
spring
,
and
reaping
in
the
haruest
.
6
This
also
is
to
be
obserued
,
that
all
matters
of
inheritance
of
land
were
determined
and
adiudged
by
the
King
or
Prince
in
person
,
or
his
speciall
deputie
(
if
he
were
sicke
or
impotent
)
and
that
vpon
view
of
the
same
land
,
calling
vnto
him
the
fréeholders
of
that
place
,
two
elders
of
his
counsell
,
the
Chiefe
iustice
attending
alwaies
in
the
court
,
the
ordinarie
iudge
of
the
countrie
where
the
land
laie
,
and
the
priest
.
The
maner
of
their
procéeding
was
thus
.
The
king
or
prince
sate
in
his
Iudiciall
seate
higher
than
the
rest
,
with
an
elder
on
his
right
hand
,
and
another
on
his
left
,
and
the
fréeholders
on
both
sides
next
vnto
them
,
which
for
this
cause
(
as
I
thinke
)
were
called
Vchelwyr
.
Before
him
directlie
a
certaine
distance
off
,
and
a
little
lower
,
sate
his
Chiefe
iustice
,
hauing
the
priest
on
his
right
hand
,
and
the
ordinarie
iudge
of
that
countrie
on
the
left
.
The
court
being
set
,
the
plaintife
came
in
with
his
aduocate
,
champion
,
and
Ringylh
or
sergeant
,
and
stood
on
the
left
side
:
then
came
in
the
defendant
in
like
maner
with
his
aduocate
,
champion
and
Ringylh
,
and
stood
on
the
right
side
:
and
last
of
all
,
the
witnesses
of
both
parties
came
,
which
stood
directlie
before
the
Chiefe
iustice
at
the
lower
end
of
the
hall
,
vntill
they
were
called
vp
to
testifie
the
truth
of
their
knowledge
in
the
matter
in
variance
.
The
figure
of
the
which
I
thought
good
héere
to
laie
downe
,
as
you
sée
,
in
the
page
next
following
.
After
the
hearing
of
the
books
read
,
the
depositions
of
the
witnesses
,
and
full
pleading
of
the
cause
in
open
court
,
vpon
warning
giuen
by
the
Rhinghylh
,
the
Chiefe
Iustice
,
the
priest
,
and
the
ordinarie
iudge
,
withdrew
themselues
for
a
while
to
consult
of
the
matter
,
and
then
Secundum
allegata
&
probata
,
brought
their
verdict
,
the
court
sitting
.
Whervppon
the
king
or
prince
after
consultation
had
with
the
elders
or
seniors
which
sate
by
him
,
gaue
definitiue
sentence
;
except
the
matter
was
so
obscure
and
intricate
,
that
right
and
truth
appeared
not
:
in
the
which
case
it
was
tried
by
the
two
champions
,
and
so
the
cause
ended
.
This
shall
be
sufficient
for
this
time
.
Now
therefore
let
vs
go
forward
in
the
historie
.
At
this
time
the
foresaid
kings
Aulafe
and
Regnald
entered
the
land
of
Edmund
,
who
gathering
his
strength
together
,
folowed
them
into
Northumberland
,
and
ouercame
them
in
plaine
battell
,
and
chased
them
out
of
the
land
,
and
so
remained
a
whole
yeare
in
those
parts
,
setting
things
in
order
,
and
quieting
of
that
countrie
.
And
bicause
he
could
not
by
anie
meanes
bring
the
inhabitants
of
Cumberland
to
liue
in
anie
honest
order
,
he
spoiled
that
countrie
,
and
committed
it
to
the
rule
of
Malcolme
king
of
Scotland
,
vpon
condition
,
that
he
should
send
him
succours
in
all
his
warres
both
by
sea
and
land
.
Matt.
West
.
Hol.
pag.
228.
Some
other
write
,
that
king
Edmund
being
accompanied
with
Lhewelyn
ap
Sitsylht
,
which
was
after
prince
of
Wales
,
entred
Cumberland
,
and
taking
the
two
sonnes
of
Dummaile
king
of
that
prouince
,
Buchan
.
li.
6.
fol.
53.
put
out
their
eies
,
and
then
gaue
that
countrie
to
Malcolme
to
be
holden
of
him
,
with
condition
to
kéepe
the
North
part
of
the
realme
from
incursion
of
enimies
,
the
which
condition
was
afterward
but
slenderlie
perfourmed
.
This
Malcolme
was
the
sonne
of
Donald
King
of
Scotland
,
and
was
the
next
king
after
Constantine
the
third
,
being
in
number
the
76.
942
In
the
yeare
942.
died
Hubert
Bishop
of
S.
Dauids
:
the
yeare
also
following
,
Marclois
Bishop
of
Bangor
,
and
Vssa
the
sonne
of
Lhavyr
died
.
The
yeare
944.
944
the
Englishmen
did
enter
Wales
with
a
strong
armie
,
and
spoiled
Strad
Clwyd
,
and
returned
home
.
Matt.
West
.
Hol.
pag.
222.
At
which
time
,
Conan
the
sonne
of
Elise
was
put
in
danger
of
death
by
poison
,
and
Everus
Bishop
of
S.
Dauids
died
.
The
yeare
after
,
Edmund
King
of
England
was
slaine
by
treason
,
Matt.
West
.
as
some
writers
saie
,
vpon
S.
Augustines
daie
,
as
he
was
at
dinner
.
Other
saie
,
that
he
espied
an
outlawe
sitting
in
the
hall
,
and
as
he
drew
him
from
the
table
,
the
outlaw
slew
the
King
with
a
knife
.
Io.
Cast.
And
some
be
of
opinion
,
that
as
the
King
would
haue
rescued
a
man
of
his
from
an
officer
who
had
arrested
him
,
the
same
officer
slue
him
,
not
knowing
that
he
was
the
King
:
he
lieth
buried
at
Glastenburie
.
After
whose
death
,
Edred
or
Edfred
his
brother
was
crowned
in
his
place
,
who
made
an
expedition
to
Scotland
and
Northumberland
,
and
subdued
them
both
,
and
receiued
fealtie
and
homage
of
the
Northumbers
and
Scots
by
oth
,
which
was
not
long
kept
.
In
the
yeare
948.
died
Howel
Dha
the
noble
and
worthie
King
or
Prince
of
Wales
,
948
whose
death
was
sore
bewailed
of
all
men
,
for
he
was
a
prince
that
loued
peace
and
good
order
,
&
that
feared
God.
He
left
behind
him
foure
sonnes
,
Owen
,
Run
,
Roderike
,
and
Edwyn
,
betwixt
whom
,
and
the
sonnes
of
Edwal
,
there
was
great
warres
,
for
the
chiefe
rule
of
Wales
,
as
shall
appeare
in
the
historie
following
.
Ievaf
and
Iago
.
Ievaf
and
Iago
the
sonnes
of
Edwal
Voel
.
AFter
the
death
of
Howel
Dha
,
his
sonnes
did
diuide
Southwales
and
Powys
betwixt
them
:
and
Ievaf
and
Iago
the
second
and
third
sonnes
of
Edwal
Voel
ruled
Northwales
,
(
bicause
their
elder
brother
Meyric
was
not
a
man
worthie
to
rule
)
who
comming
of
the
elder
house
,
would
haue
had
the
chiefe
rule
of
all
Wales
,
which
the
sonnes
of
Howel
Dha
denied
them
.
And
therevpon
Iago
or
Iames
and
Ievaf
entred
Southwales
with
a
great
power
,
against
whome
came
Owen
the
sonne
of
Howel
and
his
brethren
,
and
fought
together
at
the
hils
of
Carno
,
where
Iago
and
Ievaf
had
the
victorie
:
and
the
yeare
folowing
,
the
same
brethren
did
twise
enter
into
Southwales
,
and
spoiled
Dyuet
,
and
slue
Dwnwalhon
the
Lord
thereof
.
And
within
a
while
after
,
died
Roderike
one
of
the
sonnes
of
Howel
Dha
.
In
the
yeare
952.
the
sonnes
of
Howel
gathered
their
strength
together
against
Ievaf
and
Iago
,
952
and
entered
their
land
to
the
riuer
of
Conwy
,
where
they
fought
a
cruell
battell
at
a
place
called
Gwrgustu
,
or
Lhanrwst
,
as
some
thinke
,
where
a
great
number
were
slaine
vpon
either
side
,
as
Anarawd
the
sonne
of
Gwyriad
,
or
Vriet
the
sonne
of
Roderike
the
Great
,
and
Edwyn
the
sonne
of
Howel
Dha
:
in
the
which
battell
were
ouerthrowne
the
sonnes
of
Howel
,
whome
Ievaf
and
Iago
pursued
to
Caerdigan
,
and
destroied
their
countrie
with
fire
and
sword
.
About
this
time
Yarthyr
the
sonne
of
Mervyn
was
drowned
:
and
the
yeare
following
,
Congelach
King
of
Ireland
was
slaine
.
But
to
returne
to
Edred
King
of
England
.
As
soone
as
he
was
returned
to
his
owne
land
,
Aulaf
with
a
great
armie
landed
in
Northumberland
,
and
was
receiued
of
the
people
with
much
gladnes
;
but
anon
after
,
like
fickle
and
vnconstant
men
,
they
banished
him
the
land
againe
,
and
tooke
to
their
king
one
Hircius
the
sonne
of
Haroald
,
whome
likewise
after
three
yeares
they
expelled
,
and
willinglie
submitted
themselues
to
Edred
,
who
after
he
had
ruled
the
whole
land
eight
yeares
,
died
,
and
was
buried
at
Winchester
.
After
him
reigned
Edwyn
sonne
of
Edmund
,
in
whose
time
chanced
nothing
woorthie
to
be
put
in
writing
,
but
that
he
married
another
mans
wife
,
hir
husband
being
aliue
.
This
man
,
after
he
had
gouerned
the
realme
foure
yeares
,
died
,
leauing
his
kingdome
to
his
brother
Edgar
,
who
was
crowned
king
of
England
in
his
stead
.
In
the
yeare
958.
958
was
a
woonderfull
hot
summer
,
when
Gwgan
the
sonne
of
Gwyriad
the
sonne
of
Roderike
died
.
After
the
which
heate
,
there
followed
a
great
plague
in
March
following
.
In
those
daies
Iago
and
Ievaf
by
force
and
strength
ruled
all
Wales
as
they
thought
good
:
and
yet
for
all
their
power
,
Abloic
king
of
Ireland
landed
in
Môn
,
and
hauing
burnt
Holyhed
,
spoiled
the
countrie
of
Lhyyn
.
In
the
yeare
961.
961
the
sonnes
of
Edwyn
the
son
of
Colhoyn
were
slaine
,
after
they
had
destroied
all
the
countrie
to
Towyn
.
About
this
time
,
Meyric
the
sonne
of
Cadvan
,
Rytherch
Bishop
of
S.
Dauids
,
and
Cadwalhon
ap
Owen
departed
out
of
this
transitorie
world
.
Not
long
after
,
the
countrie
of
Northwales
was
sore
spoiled
by
the
armie
of
Edgar
king
of
England
.
Io.
Cast.
The
cause
of
this
warre
was
the
non
paiment
of
the
tribute
that
the
King
of
Aberffraw
,
by
the
lawes
of
Howel
Dha
was
to
paie
to
the
king
of
London
.
Hol.
pag.
232.
In
the
end
,
there
was
a
peace
concluded
:
for
king
Edgar
vnderstanding
what
hurt
the
countries
of
England
and
Wales
receiued
dailie
,
by
reason
of
the
great
multitude
of
Woolues
that
then
abounded
(
especiallie
in
Wales
)
which
destroied
much
shéepe
and
otherwise
did
great
harme
,
released
the
tribute
in
monie
appointed
by
the
said
lawes
of
Howel
Dha
,
and
bound
the
prince
of
Northwales
to
paie
him
yearelie
certaine
Woolues
for
his
tribute
,
and
so
to
be
released
of
that
other
tribute
in
monie
,
Wolues
destroid
by
the
prince
of
Wales
.
which
the
said
prince
performed
,
vntill
he
had
left
neuer
a
Woolfe
in
Wales
or
England
.
In
the
yeare
966.
Roderike
the
sonne
of
Edwal
Voel
was
slaine
by
the
Irishmen
,
966
by
whome
Aberfraw
was
destroied
.
The
next
yeare
,
there
fell
a
great
debate
betwixt
the
two
sonnes
of
Edwal
,
Iago
,
and
Ievaf
,
which
had
ruled
iointlie
together
from
the
death
of
Howel
Dha
,
to
that
time
:
and
shortlie
after
Iago
,
hauing
taken
his
brother
Ievaf
by
force
,
verie
cruellie
kept
him
in
prison
a
long
time
:
about
the
which
time
,
Eneon
the
sonne
of
Owen
prince
of
Southwales
wan
and
seazed
to
himselfe
the
land
of
Gwyr
.
And
in
the
yeare
969.
969
Mactus
the
sonne
of
Haroald
with
an
armie
of
Danes
did
enter
the
Ile
of
Anglesey
,
and
spoiled
Penmon
.
These
Danes
were
suffered
by
Edgar
to
inhabite
quietlie
through
all
England
,
till
they
were
as
strong
as
the
Englishmen
,
and
then
they
fell
to
such
riotousnes
and
drinking
,
that
much
mischiefe
insued
thereof
:
wherevpon
Edgar
made
a
law
,
A
law
against
immoderate
drinking
.
that
euerie
man
should
drinke
by
measure
,
and
caused
a
certaine
marke
to
be
set
in
euerie
pot
how
deepe
they
should
drinke
,
and
so
by
these
meanes
he
somewhat
staied
that
immoderate
ingurgitation
.
Not
long
after
that
,
Godfryd
the
sonne
of
Haroald
did
subdue
to
himselfe
the
whole
Ile
of
Anglesey
,
which
he
inioied
not
long
.
King
Edgar
likewise
in
the
yeare
972.
972
did
send
a
great
nauie
to
Caerlheon
vpon
Vsc
,
which
shortlie
turned
backe
,
Ran.
Cest.
Fabia●
.
without
dooing
anie
notable
act
.
The
next
yeare
following
,
Howel
the
sonne
of
Ievaf
raised
a
great
power
against
his
vncle
Iago
,
for
the
deliuerance
of
his
father
out
of
prison
,
and
ouercame
his
vncle
in
fight
,
whome
he
chased
out
of
the
land
,
and
tooke
his
eldest
vncle
Meyric
the
sonne
of
Edwal
,
and
put
out
both
his
eies
,
and
kept
him
in
prison
,
where
he
died
shortlie
after
,
leauing
behind
him
two
sonnes
,
Edwal
and
Ionaval
,
of
the
which
Edwal
came
afterward
the
most
woorthie
princes
of
Wales
.
Howel
notwithstanding
he
had
set
his
father
at
libertie
,
yet
tooke
vppon
himselfe
the
whole
rule
of
the
land
for
his
life
time
.
He
had
three
brethren
,
all
men
of
great
estimation
,
Meyric
,
Ievaf
,
and
Cadwalhon
,
whose
liues
shall
insue
heereafter
.
Howel
ap
Ievaf
.
Howel
the
sonne
of
Ievaf
.
Sim.
Dunel
.
Hol.
pa.
238.
Io.
Vowel
in
Catal.
epist.
Exon.
They
ouerranne
also
and
spoiled
the
whole
countrie
of
Deuon
and
Cornewale
,
burned
the
towne
of
Bodman
,
and
the
cathedrall
church
of
S.
Petrokes
,
with
the
Bishops
house
.
Wherevpon
the
Bishops
sea
was
remooued
from
thence
to
S.
Germans
,
where
the
same
continued
,
vntill
the
remoouing
and
vniting
thereof
vnto
Crediton
.
About
this
time
died
S.
Dunstane
,
who
prophesied
of
much
mischiefe
and
great
destruction
of
the
land
by
the
Danes
.
The
yeare
981.
981
Godfryd
the
sonne
of
Haroald
did
gather
a
great
armie
,
and
landed
in
Westwales
,
where
spoiling
all
the
land
of
Dyuet
,
with
the
church
of
S.
Dauids
,
he
fought
the
battell
of
Lhanwanoc
.
Likewise
in
the
yeare
next
ensuing
,
Duke
Alfred
with
a
great
power
of
Englishmen
spoiled
and
destroied
Brechnock
,
and
a
great
part
of
the
lands
of
Owen
prince
of
Southwales
,
against
whome
,
Eneon
the
sonne
of
the
said
Owen
,
and
Howel
king
of
Northwales
did
raise
all
their
power
,
and
ouerthrew
them
in
battell
,
where
the
greatest
part
of
Alfreds
armie
was
slaine
,
and
the
rest
put
to
flight
.
The
yeare
following
,
the
Gentlemen
of
Gwentsland
rebelled
against
their
prince
,
and
cruellie
slue
Eneon
the
son
of
Owen
,
which
came
thither
to
appease
them
.
This
Eneon
was
a
woorthie
and
noble
Gentleman
,
who
did
manie
notable
actes
in
his
fathers
time
,
and
left
behind
him
two
sonnes
,
Edwyn
and
Theodor
or
Tewdor
Mawr
,
of
whome
came
afterward
the
kings
or
princes
of
Southwales
.
In
the
yeare
984.
984
Howel
the
sonne
of
Ievaf
king
of
Wales
entred
England
with
an
armie
,
where
he
was
fought
withall
,
and
slaine
valiantlie
fighting
.
This
Howel
had
no
sonne
,
but
his
brethren
reigned
in
his
place
.
Cadwalhon
ap
Ievaf
.
Cadwalhon
the
sonne
of
Ievaf
.
AFTER
the
death
of
Howel
,
his
brother
Cadwalhon
,
the
second
sonne
of
Ievaf
tooke
in
hand
the
gouernance
of
Northwales
,
and
first
made
war
with
Ionaval
his
coosen
the
sonne
of
Meyric
,
and
right
heire
to
the
land
,
and
slue
him
,
but
Edwal
the
yongest
brother
escaped
awaie
priuilie
.
The
yeare
following
,
Meredyth
the
sonne
of
Owen
king
or
prince
of
Southwales
,
with
all
his
power
entred
into
Northwales
,
and
in
fight
slue
Cadwalhon
the
sonne
of
Ievaf
,
and
Meyric
his
brother
,
and
conquered
the
land
to
himselfe
.
Wherein
a
man
may
see
how
God
punished
the
wrong
,
which
Iago
and
Ievaf
the
sonnes
of
Edwal
Voel
did
to
their
eldest
brother
Meyric
,
who
was
first
disherited
,
and
afterward
his
eies
put
out
,
and
one
of
his
sonnes
slaine
.
For
first
Ievaf
was
imprisoned
by
Iago
,
then
Iago
with
his
sonne
Constantine
,
by
Howel
the
sonne
of
Ievaf
:
and
afterward
the
said
Howel
,
with
his
bretherne
Cadwalhon
and
Meyric
,
were
slaine
and
spoiled
of
all
their
lands
.
Meredyth
ap
Owen
.
Meredyth
the
sonne
of
Owen
ap
Howel
Dha
.
987
The
yeare
987.
died
Ievaf
the
sonne
of
Edwal
,
which
had
liued
manie
yeares
a
priuate
life
.
The
same
yeare
also
died
Owen
the
son
of
Howel
Dha
,
Prince
of
Southwales
.
This
Owen
had
three
sons
,
Eneon
which
died
in
his
fathers
time
,
Lhywarch
which
lost
both
his
eies
,
and
Meredyth
which
(
as
before
is
declared
)
had
wonne
Northwales
,
and
after
his
fathers
death
tooke
also
to
his
possession
all
Southwales
,
hauing
no
respect
to
his
brother
Eneon
his
sonnes
Edwyn
and
Theodor
or
Tewdor
.
About
the
same
time
the
Danes
sailed
from
Hampton
alongst
the
coast
,
spoiling
Deuonshire
&
Cornewale
,
and
so
at
the
last
landed
in
Southwales
,
and
destroied
S.
Dauids
,
Lhanbadarn
,
Lhanrystyd
,
and
Lhandydoch
,
(
which
were
all
places
of
religion
)
and
did
so
much
hurt
in
the
countrie
besides
,
that
to
be
rid
of
them
,
Meredyth
was
faine
to
agree
with
them
,
&
to
giue
them
a
penie
for
euerie
man
within
his
land
,
which
was
called
The
tribute
of
the
blacke
armie
.
At
this
time
Elwmaen
the
son
of
Abloic
king
of
Ireland
was
slain
,
&
a
great
number
of
people
died
for
hunger
.
The
yeare
989.
989
Owen
the
son
of
Dyfnwal
was
slaine
.
Within
a
yeare
after
Meredyth
king
of
Wales
destroied
the
towne
of
Radnor
,
at
what
time
his
nephew
Edwyn
the
sonne
of
Eneon
,
hauing
to
his
aid
duke
Adelf
,
and
a
great
armie
of
Englishmen
and
Danes
,
spoiled
all
the
land
of
Meredyth
in
Southwales
,
as
Caerdigan
,
Dyuet
,
Gwyr
,
Kydweli
,
and
S.
Dauids
:
where
Edwyn
tooke
pledges
of
the
chiefe
men
of
those
countries
.
In
the
meane
time
,
this
Meredyth
with
his
people
did
spoile
Glamorgan
,
so
that
no
place
was
free
from
sword
and
fire
:
but
at
the
last
Meredyth
and
Edwyn
fell
at
an
agreement
,
&
were
made
freends
.
Soone
after
Cadwalhon
the
onelie
sonne
of
Meredyth
died
.
Meredyth
being
thus
occupied
,
had
so
much
to
do
in
Southwales
,
that
Northwales
laie
open
for
the
enimie
:
which
thing
when
the
Danes
perceiued
,
they
arriued
in
Anglesey
,
and
destroied
the
whole
Ile
.
Wherevpon
the
inhabitants
of
that
countrie
receiued
Edwal
the
sonne
of
Meyric
the
right
heire
of
Northwales
,
Matth.
West
.
pag.
383.
Io.
Castor
.
for
their
prince
,
in
the
yeare
992.
992
After
these
great
troubles
,
there
followed
within
a
yeare
after
such
famine
&
scarsitie
in
Southwales
,
that
manie
perished
for
want
of
food
.
Edwal
ap
Meyric
Edwal
ap
Meyric
the
sonne
of
Meredyth
.
THis
Edwal
being
in
possession
of
the
principalitie
of
Northwales
,
studied
to
keepe
and
defend
his
people
from
iniuries
and
wrongs
.
But
Meredyth
gathered
togither
all
his
power
,
intending
to
recouer
againe
Northwales
,
with
whome
Edwal
met
at
Lhangwm
,
and
ouerthrew
him
in
plaine
battell
,
where
Theodor
of
Tewdor
Mawr
,
Meredyth
his
nephew
was
slaine
,
who
left
behind
him
two
sonnes
Rees
&
Rytherch
,
&
a
daughter
called
Elen.
Matth.
West
.
A
litle
after
this
Swayn
the
sonne
of
Haroald
destroied
the
Ile
of
Man
:
and
entring
to
Northwales
slew
Edwal
the
prince
therof
,
who
left
behind
him
a
sonne
called
Iago
.
In
the
yeare
of
Christ
998.
998
the
Danes
came
againe
to
S.
Dauids
,
destroieng
all
before
them
,
and
there
they
slew
Morgeney
or
rather
Vrgeney
Bishop
of
that
sea
.
The
same
yeare
also
died
Meredyth
the
sonne
of
Owen
king
or
prince
of
Wales
,
leauing
behind
him
one
onlie
daughter
called
Angharad
,
which
was
maried
to
Lhewelyn
ap
Sitsylht
,
and
after
his
death
to
Conuyn
Hirdref
,
or
as
other
do
thinke
,
to
Conuyn
ap
Gwerystan
,
who
had
children
by
either
of
them
,
which
was
the
cause
of
much
warre
&
mischief
in
Wales
,
as
shall
appeare
hereafter
.
Aedan
ap
Blegored
.
Aedan
the
sonne
of
Blegored
.
I
doo
not
know
,
neither
could
I
euer
find
,
what
colour
or
pretense
of
title
,
this
Aedan
ap
Blegored
had
to
the
principalitie
of
Northwales
,
nor
yet
of
whom
he
descended
,
or
who
came
of
him
:
whereas
all
the
other
princes
are
notoriouslie
knowen
,
of
what
families
they
descended
,
and
who
came
of
them
.
Neither
yet
doo
I
read
of
anie
Blegored
,
whose
sonne
he
might
be
,
except
it
be
that
doctor
of
Law
,
of
whom
mention
is
made
in
the
lawes
of
Howel
Dha
,
whose
estate
was
too
meane
to
challenge
the
principalitie
.
He
is
reported
to
haue
gouerned
about
xij
.
yeares
.
Of
this
acts
by
him
atchieued
,
there
is
verie
litle
written
,
sauing
of
those
two
battels
,
the
one
wherin
he
ouercame
Conan
ap
Howel
,
and
the
other
wherin
he
was
ouercome
himselfe
,
and
slaine
with
his
foure
sonnes
,
by
Lhewelyn
ap
Sitsylht
.
In
the
yeare
1004.
1004
Gulfath
and
Vbiad
Irish
Lords
,
were
taken
by
the
Scots
,
and
their
eies
put
out
,
which
Scots
did
also
destroie
the
countrie
and
towne
of
Deuelyn
.
Likewise
the
Danes
,
which
had
destroied
againe
Westwales
,
went
to
England
,
and
there
spoiled
and
burned
the
land
all
before
them
,
especiallie
Somersetshire
,
Dorsetshire
,
and
so
through
Hampshire
and
Sussex
,
Matt.
West
.
they
came
towards
the
riuer
of
Thames
,
without
anie
let
or
staie
,
and
so
sailed
alongst
the
riuer
,
to
the
place
where
the
riuer
Mydwey
entreth
to
the
Thames
,
alongst
which
water
,
they
came
to
Rochester
,
where
they
ouerthrew
the
Kentishmen
that
bade
them
battell
.
Edelred
king
of
England
was
at
this
time
in
Cumberland
the
chiefe
denne
of
the
Danes
,
which
land
he
brought
to
his
subiection
:
but
in
the
meane
while
,
another
armie
of
Danes
fought
againe
with
the
men
of
Somersetshire
,
and
got
the
victorie
,
and
ruled
the
countrie
at
their
pleasure
.
Then
Edelred
hearing
of
the
great
worthines
of
Richard
Duke
of
Normandie
,
sent
to
him
for
his
daughter
Emma
in
mariage
,
thinking
thereby
to
haue
succour
:
but
God
intending
to
punish
the
great
sinnes
and
enormities
of
the
Saxons
,
did
moue
the
king
thereto
,
that
like
as
they
being
instruments
of
Gods
wrath
,
vnder
the
colour
of
friends
and
hired
soldiours
,
had
traiterouslie
and
cruellie
slaine
the
Brytaines
,
and
driuen
them
out
of
their
land
,
so
should
the
Normanes
by
colour
of
this
affinitie
,
first
enter
the
land
as
friends
,
and
bring
succour
against
the
Danes
,
and
afterward
come
as
foes
,
and
be
the
vtter
destruction
of
the
Saxons
and
Angles
:
which
was
then
foreseene
and
told
the
king
by
an
Anachoret
,
who
inspired
with
the
spirit
of
God
,
sawe
the
plagues
which
he
had
certainelie
appointed
to
fall
vpon
the
Saxons
.
But
the
king
puffed
vp
with
pride
,
and
hope
of
his
affinitie
,
did
priuilie
write
to
all
the
english
rulers
through
the
realme
,
The
Danes
murthered
.
Matt.
West
.
pag.
391.
to
kill
the
Danes
in
one
night
,
which
then
liued
peaceablie
,
which
murther
was
cruellie
executed
vpon
S.
Brices
daie
at
night
.
But
yet
the
Danes
would
not
giue
ouer
so
with
losse
.
Therefore
the
yeare
following
,
there
came
an
armie
of
them
to
Deuonshire
,
and
ouerran
the
land
with
fire
and
sword
,
sparing
nothing
that
had
life
,
that
they
might
reuenge
the
murther
of
their
coosens
.
Matt.
West
.
pag.
393.
H.
Hunt.
Sim.
Dunel
.
They
rased
the
citie
of
Excester
,
and
slue
Hugh
the
Normane
,
whome
the
Queene
had
appointed
gouernour
there
.
Then
Almarus
Earle
of
Deuon
gathered
a
great
armie
of
Hampshire
,
Wilshire
,
and
all
the
countrie
about
,
and
met
the
Danes
:
but
he
and
his
were
put
to
flight
,
and
the
Danes
pursued
them
to
Wilton
and
destroied
it
and
Salisburie
,
and
returned
to
their
ships
with
rich
spoiles
and
great
triumphes
.
Io.
Cast.
Si.
Dunelm
.
Hol.
pag.
243.
Io.
Vowel
.
Some
are
of
another
opinion
,
which
affirme
,
that
the
said
Hugh
the
Norman
entised
and
procured
the
Danes
to
come
and
beséege
the
citie
of
Excester
,
which
they
did
burne
,
and
vsed
the
people
with
great
crueltie
,
vntill
in
the
end
the
said
Almarus
Earle
of
Deuon
,
and
the
Gentlemen
of
the
countrie
submitted
themselues
,
and
so
obteined
peace
.
And
the
yeare
folowing
,
being
1004.
1004
Swayne
a
mightie
prince
of
Denmarke
,
to
whom
God
predestinated
the
crowne
of
England
,
came
with
a
great
number
of
sailes
,
and
laid
siege
to
Norwich
,
and
spoiled
it
,
Hol.
pag.
243.
with
whom
Wolfkettel
duke
of
the
land
made
peace
:
yet
the
Danes
,
after
they
had
rested
a
while
,
went
to
Thetford
,
which
they
also
spoiled
,
and
returned
to
their
ships
with
their
praie
,
and
ouerthrewe
duke
Wolfkettel
(
who
had
gathered
and
prepared
an
armie
to
fight
with
them
)
and
so
failed
to
their
countrie
,
and
two
yeares
after
returned
againe
with
their
companions
,
fire
,
sword
and
spoile
,
Hol.
pag.
244.
and
landed
at
Sandwich
and
burned
it
,
and
made
England
quake
as
a
reed
in
the
wind
,
and
thence
sailed
to
Wight
,
where
they
wintered
till
Christmas
,
and
then
entred
Hampshire
,
and
passed
in
diuerse
bands
alongst
the
land
to
Reding
,
Wallingford
and
Colsey
,
deuouring
such
victuales
as
they
found
in
the
houses
,
paieng
therefore
with
sword
and
fire
at
their
departing
.
Io.
Cast.
And
at
their
returne
they
met
neere
Essington
,
the
armie
of
the
Westsaxons
,
which
did
nothing
but
trouble
them
with
killing
,
&
laded
them
with
spoile
,
and
so
passed
the
gates
of
Winchester
,
with
much
triumph
to
Wight
;
and
all
this
while
was
king
Edelred
at
his
manour
in
Shropshire
full
of
cares
and
troubles
.
And
then
the
nobilitie
of
England
bought
peace
of
the
Danes
for
30000.
pound
.
In
the
which
time
of
peace
Edelred
tooke
an
order
,
that
of
euerie
300.
hides
of
land
through
the
realme
,
H.
Hunt.
there
should
be
a
ship
made
and
furnished
,
and
of
euery
8.
hides
,
a
corselet
and
a
helmet
.
An
hide
containeth
as
much
ground
as
a
plough
maie
eare
by
the
yeare
.
Besides
these
the
king
had
a
nauie
from
Normandie
,
which
being
all
togither
at
Sandwich
,
was
one
of
the
greatest
that
euer
was
seene
in
Brytaine
.
But
it
hapned
so
,
Io.
Cast.
Matt.
West
.
that
where
the
king
had
banished
one
Wilnot
a
noble
man
of
Sussex
,
he
fell
a
rouing
vpon
the
sea
,
and
troubled
all
passages
and
victualers
.
1008
Then
Brightrych
brother
to
the
traitor
Edric
Erle
of
Mercia
,
promised
the
king
to
bring
before
him
Wilnot
either
aliue
or
dead
,
but
it
hapned
otherwise
:
for
there
fell
such
a
tempest
,
that
he
was
driuen
of
force
to
the
shore
,
where
manie
of
his
ships
were
lost
,
and
the
reast
Wilnot
and
his
companie
did
set
on
fire
,
and
burned
them
.
Then
Brightrych
,
being
abashed
of
this
infortunate
beginning
,
returned
againe
alongst
the
Thames
to
London
.
Shortlie
after
there
landed
a
nauie
of
Danes
at
Sandwich
,
Io.
Castor
.
and
so
passed
by
the
land
to
Canturburie
,
minding
to
destroie
the
citie
:
but
the
citizens
bought
peace
for
30000.
pound
.
And
the
Danes
passed
first
through
Kent
,
Sussex
,
Hampshire
,
and
Barkshire
,
where
king
Edelred
with
all
the
power
of
England
met
them
:
notwithstanding
being
persuaded
by
the
traitor
Edric
,
he
would
not
fight
with
them
,
so
that
they
returning
backe
by
London
,
(
which
citie
defended
it selfe
manfullie
)
went
to
their
ships
.
But
in
the
yeare
folowing
they
landed
againe
at
Ipswich
vpon
the
Ascension
daie
,
&
there
ouercame
and
put
to
flight
Duke
Wolfkettel
who
fought
with
them
.
Then
passsing
from
thence
to
Cambridge
,
they
met
the
kings
sisters
sonne
with
his
armie
,
whom
they
slew
,
and
with
him
Duke
Oswyn
,
with
Edwyn
&
Wolfrike
Earles
,
and
after
tooke
their
waie
by
Essex
towards
Thames
,
1010
leauing
no
part
of
crueltie
vnpractised
by
the
waie
.
And
alongst
the
riuer-side
they
went
to
Oxford
,
Hol.
pag.
245.
Io.
Cast.
which
they
had
burned
the
yeere
before
,
and
so
to
the
three
castels
vpon
Ouze
,
Buckingham
,
Bedford
and
Huntingdon
,
and
destroied
Godmanchester
,
which
was
then
a
faire
towne
,
and
burned
Northampton
,
and
at
Christmas
returned
to
their
ships
.
The
next
yeare
folowing
,
when
they
had
spoiled
all
the
land
from
Trent
southward
,
they
laid
siege
to
the
citie
of
Canterburie
,
1011
and
wan
it
by
treason
of
one
Almarike
(
whom
Alfege
the
Archbishop
had
deliuered
from
death
)
and
left
nothing
behind
them
,
Io.
Cast.
Hol.
pag.
246.
but
bloud
and
ashes
,
carieng
the
Archbishop
with
other
to
their
ships
,
Matt.
Park
.
page
.
68.
whom
they
cruellie
slew
afterward
.
Within
a
while
after
,
Swayne
king
of
Denmarke
came
alongst
Humber
to
Gainesbourgh
:
to
whom
Vitred
Duke
of
Northumberland
with
all
his
people
and
all
Lynsey
with
the
countries
North
of
Watlingstreete
became
subiects
,
and
gaue
him
hostages
.
Whervpon
Swayne
finding
his
enterprises
fortunate
and
luckie
,
committed
his
nauie
to
Cnute
his
sonne
,
and
went
him selfe
to
Oxford
and
Winchester
,
which
cities
with
all
the
countries
about
aknowledged
him
for
their
king
.
Then
he
came
to
London
,
where
king
Edelred
was
,
but
the
citizens
defended
the
citie
so
manfullie
and
valiantlie
,
that
Swayne
returned
to
Walingford
,
and
so
to
Bath
,
and
receiued
homage
of
all
Westsaxon
,
and
afterward
comming
to
London
,
receiued
the
citie
to
mercie
,
and
was
called
king
throughtout
the
land
.
Hol.
pag.
249.
Io.
Castor
.
Then
Edelred
perceiuing
all
things
to
fall
against
him
,
fled
to
Normandie
,
to
his
wife
and
his
two
sonnes
,
Edward
and
Alfred
,
whom
he
had
sent
thither
before
.
And
Swayne
,
as
soone
as
he
had
brought
the
whole
land
to
his
obeisance
,
Sim.
Dunel
.
died
suddenlie
,
after
whose
death
,
the
Danes
chose
Cnute
his
sonne
for
their
king
;
but
the
Englishmen
sent
for
Edelred
home
againe
,
who
comming
with
a
great
armie
,
destroied
Lynsey
,
bicause
that
prouince
was
become
subiect
to
Cnute
.
Hol.
pag.
248.
Which
thing
when
Cnute
vnderstood
being
at
Ipswich
,
he
cut
off
the
hands
and
noses
of
all
the
pledges
that
he
had
,
and
returned
to
Denmarke
.
About
this
time
,
Brian
king
of
Ireland
,
and
Murcath
his
sonne
,
and
other
kings
of
that
land
to
him
subiect
,
did
gather
a
great
power
against
Sutric
the
sonne
of
Abloic
king
of
Dyuelyn
,
and
Mailmorda
king
of
Lagenes
,
which
Sutric
hired
a
number
of
strangers
,
all
armed
men
,
and
rouers
vpon
the
seas
,
to
his
succour
,
and
gaue
Brian
battell
,
where
the
said
Brian
and
his
sonne
weer
slaine
,
and
on
the
other
side
Mailmorda
and
Broderike
captaine
of
the
strangers
.
In
the
yeare
1013.
1013
Cnute
came
againe
from
Denmarke
,
and
landed
in
Westsex
,
and
spoiled
all
the
countrie
.
Io.
Cast.
Then
Edric
with
Edmund
king
Edelreds
bastard
sonne
,
gathered
an
armie
,
but
yet
they
durst
not
giue
him
battell
.
Then
went
Edmund
to
Vitred
duke
of
Northumberland
,
&
together
they
spoiled
Staffordshire
,
Leycestershire
,
and
Shropshire
.
Cnute
likewise
,
vpon
the
other
side
,
came
downe
through
Buckinghamshire
,
Bedfordshire
,
Hutingdonshire
,
and
so
by
Stafford
passed
toward
Yorke
,
to
whome
Vitred
came
and
yeelded
himselfe
,
yet
he
lost
his
life
,
whose
possessions
Cnute
gaue
to
one
Egricke
,
and
made
him
duke
in
his
stead
,
wherevpon
Edmund
went
to
his
father
which
laie
sicke
at
London
.
Then
Cnute
returned
to
his
ships
,
and
sailed
to
Thames
mouth
,
and
vp
the
riuer
towards
London
:
but
before
he
came
thither
,
Edelred
was
departed
,
after
he
had
reigned
with
much
trouble
&
miserie
37.
yeares
.
After
whose
death
,
the
Englishmen
chose
his
base
sonne
Edmund
,
surnamed
Ironside
for
strength
and
tolerance
in
war
,
to
be
their
king
.
This
Edmund
went
to
Westsex
,
and
brought
all
that
countrie
to
his
subiection
.
Then
the
Danes
laid
siege
to
London
,
&
made
a
great
trench
about
it
,
that
no
man
could
escape
out
,
and
gaue
Edmund
battell
(
who
came
to
raise
the
siege
)
at
Proman
by
Gillingham
,
where
Edmund
had
the
vpper
hand
.
The
second
battell
they
fought
at
Caerstane
,
Io.
Castor
.
Matth.
West
.
pag.
498.
in
the
which
Edric
,
Almar
and
Algar
vsed
themselues
traitorously
against
Edmund
,
where
after
long
fight
,
the
night
departed
both
the
armies
.
The
third
battell
was
at
London
,
where
Edmund
pursued
the
Danes
to
their
ships
,
and
entered
the
citie
triumphantlie
:
&
two
daies
after
they
fought
the
fourth
battell
at
Brenford
,
from
whence
Edmund
bare
the
honor
awaie
,
and
went
to
gather
a
new
armie
,
whiles
Cnute
did
besiege
London
by
water
and
land
,
but
it
was
manfullie
defended
.
Then
Edmund
with
his
armie
passed
the
Thames
at
Brenford
,
and
entred
into
Kent
,
and
fought
the
fift
battell
,
where
the
Danes
fled
as
sheepe
before
him
,
but
he
staied
the
pursute
by
the
wicked
read
of
the
traitor
Edric
,
whome
he
had
receiued
to
mercie
and
made
steward
of
the
land
,
the
which
battell
was
fought
at
Essedowne
in
Essex
with
all
the
whole
power
of
the
Danes
and
Englishmen
,
where
Edmund
shewed
his
prowes
,
Matth.
West
.
pag.
399.
and
forsaking
his
place
,
which
was
betwixt
the
Dragon
&
the
Standard
,
he
entred
the
armie
of
his
enimies
,
and
brake
the
thickest
rankes
of
them
,
and
compelled
the
prowdest
of
them
to
turne
their
backes
.
Which
when
Edric
saw
,
fearing
the
ouerthrow
of
the
Danes
,
cried
alowd
Fledd
Engle
,
Fledd
Engle
,
Dead
is
Edmund
:
&
therevpon
fled
with
his
people
,
whome
all
the
armie
folowed
to
the
great
murther
of
Englishmen
,
Hol.
pag.
255.
Matth.
West
.
page
.
399.
and
there
were
slaine
Edmund
,
Alfric
,
Godwyn
,
and
Vlfkettel
,
all
Dukes
,
&
all
the
cheualrie
of
England
.
After
which
victorie
,
Cnute
entred
London
,
&
was
crowned
king
of
the
land
.
And
Edmund
gathered
his
armie
togither
,
and
they
met
in
Glocestershire
,
but
either
armie
fearing
other
,
were
loth
to
fight
,
but
moued
the
kings
to
make
an
end
of
this
cruell
bloudshed
by
combat
,
Hol.
pag.
256.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
400.
Io.
Castor
.
wherevnto
either
prince
agreed
,
and
the
place
being
appointed
,
fought
togither
manfullie
,
and
either
of
them
were
found
so
valiant
and
worthie
men
,
as
few
the
like
.
But
Cnute
fearing
the
incomparable
strength
of
Edmund
mooued
him
to
accord
,
wherevnto
he
agreed
.
Therevpon
peace
was
concluded
with
much
ioie
,
that
Edmund
should
reigne
in
Westsex
,
and
Cnute
in
Mercia
:
and
so
they
departed
,
Cnute
to
London
,
and
Edmund
to
Oxford
,
S●m
.
Dunel
.
Fabian
.
Matth.
West
.
pag.
401.
where
he
was
traitorously
murthered
by
a
sonne
of
Edric
with
a
sharp
knife
,
as
he
was
at
the
priuie
.
Edric
being
quicklie
certified
of
the
deed
,
came
to
Cnute
(
with
much
ioie
)
and
greeted
him
as
onelie
king
of
England
,
declaring
how
Edmund
was
slaine
at
Oxford
.
To
whom
Cnute
replied
,
that
for
his
good
seruice
he
would
reward
him
as
his
deserts
required
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
402.
and
set
him
aboue
all
the
nobles
of
England
.
Therevppon
forthwith
he
caused
his
head
to
be
cut
off
,
and
to
be
set
vpon
a
pole
,
on
the
highest
towre
in
London
,
and
then
he
caused
execution
to
be
done
vpon
all
the
other
,
that
were
consenting
to
the
murther
.
In
the
yeare
1015.
Lhewelyn
the
son
of
Sitsylht
did
raise
a
great
power
against
Aedan
,
1015
who
by
force
had
taken
vpon
him
the
rule
of
Northwales
,
and
slue
him
with
his
foure
sonnes
in
battell
,
and
(
hauing
no
respect
to
Iago
or
Iames
the
sonne
of
Edwal
the
right
heire
)
tooke
vpon
him
the
name
and
authoritie
of
king
of
Wales
.
This
Lhewelyn
was
descended
from
the
kings
of
Wales
by
his
mother
side
,
whose
name
was
Trawst
,
daughter
to
Elise
second
sonne
to
Anarawd
,
which
was
the
eldest
sonne
of
Roderike
the
great
:
who
also
had
to
wife
Angharat
,
the
onlie
daughter
of
Meredyth
prince
of
Southwales
,
and
so
by
these
meanes
he
claimed
and
enioied
the
right
of
either
countrie
,
as
hereafter
shal
be
declared
.
Lhewelyn
ap
Sitsylht
.
Lhewelyn
the
sonne
of
Sitsylht
:
and
Angharad
the
daughter
of
Meredyth
.
AFTER
that
Lhewelyn
son
of
Sitsylht
had
taken
into
his
hands
the
gouernance
of
Wales
,
all
things
did
prosper
in
the
land
:
for
the
earth
brought
foorth
double
to
the
time
before
passed
,
the
people
prospered
in
all
their
affaires
,
and
multiplied
woonderfullie
,
the
cattell
increased
in
great
number
,
so
that
there
was
neither
begger
nor
poore
man
from
the
South
to
the
North
sea
,
but
euerie
man
had
plentie
,
euerie
house
a
dweller
,
and
euerie
towne
inhabitants
.
Now
in
this
time
Cnute
married
Emme
sometimes
wife
to
Edelred
,
and
mother
to
Alfred
and
Edward
,
and
sent
Edmund
and
Edward
the
sonnes
of
Edmund
Ironside
to
Hungarie
to
be
slaine
,
R●n
.
Cest.
lib.
6.
cap.
18.
howheit
,
the
king
of
Hungarie
cherished
them
as
his
owne
children
.
King
Cnute
also
seazed
vpon
the
land
a
great
subsidie
of
72000.
pounds
,
besides
11000.
li.
which
the
citizens
of
London
paid
.
1019
In
the
yeare
1019.
Meyric
the
sonne
of
Arthpoel
did
raise
a
great
armie
against
Lhewelyn
king
or
prince
of
Wales
,
which
met
with
him
in
the
field
,
and
manfullie
slue
him
,
and
discomsited
his
people
.
Ran.
Cest.
ibi
.
Also
this
yeare
Cnute
with
a
great
nauie
sailed
to
Denmarke
,
and
made
war
against
the
Vandales
,
which
had
a
great
armie
in
the
field
,
whome
Cnute
ouerthrew
by
the
prowes
of
Earle
Godwyn
,
and
the
Englishmen
,
wherefore
he
loved
them
the
better
euer
after
.
In
the
yeare
1020.
a
certaine
Scot
of
lowe
birth
came
to
Southwales
,
1020
and
named
himselfe
Run
the
sonne
of
Meredyth
their
late
king
,
whome
the
nobilitie
,
which
loued
not
Lhewelyn
,
exalted
to
the
regall
throne
,
and
tooke
him
for
their
king
,
which
thing
when
Lhewelyn
heard
,
he
gathered
his
power
in
Northwales
,
and
came
towards
Run
,
who
had
gotten
all
the
strength
of
Southwales
together
at
Abergwili
,
where
with
great
pride
he
abode
the
comming
of
Lhewelyn
.
But
when
both
armies
were
readie
to
ioine
,
Run
full
of
brags
and
crakes
incouraged
his
people
to
fight
,
promising
them
the
victorie
:
yet
he
himselfe
(
following
the
prouerbe
,
which
biddeth
a
man
to
set
on
his
dog
,
and
not
to
run
after
him
)
set
on
his
people
to
fight
it
to
the
vttermost
,
and
withdrew
himselfe
priuilie
out
of
the
waie
:
wheras
vpon
the
contrarie
part
Lhewelyn
,
like
a
bold
and
couragious
prince
,
came
before
his
people
,
calling
for
the
vile
Scot
Run
,
that
durst
so
beelie
a
princes
bloud
,
and
so
both
the
armies
ioined
together
with
much
malice
and
hatred
,
for
the
one
partie
were
not
so
couragious
to
defend
the
quarell
of
so
woorthie
a
prince
of
their
owne
bloud
,
as
the
other
were
obstinate
in
the
cause
of
a
stranger
:
in
the
end
,
after
great
slaughter
vpon
either
part
,
the
Northwales
men
remembring
their
old
victories
,
and
incouraged
by
the
prowes
of
their
prince
,
put
their
enimies
to
flight
,
and
pursued
Run
so
narrowlie
,
that
all
his
Scottish
shifts
could
not
saue
his
life
,
and
so
returned
home
with
great
spoile
and
prey
.
Then
Lhewelyn
ruled
all
the
land
quietlie
,
but
the
yeare
following
he
was
slaine
by
Howel
and
Meredyth
the
sonnes
of
Edwyn
,
leauing
behind
him
a
sonne
named
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
.
Iago
ap
Edwal
.
Iago
the
sonne
of
Edwal
ap
Meyric
ap
Edwal
Voel
.
1031
About
the
yeare
1031.
the
Irish-scots
entred
Southwales
,
by
the
meanes
of
Howel
and
Meredyth
,
the
sonnes
of
Edwyn
ap
Eneon
ap
Owen
ap
Howel
Dha
,
who
hired
them
against
Rytherch
ap
Iestyn
,
whom
they
discomfited
and
slew
,
&
by
that
means
attained
vnto
the
gouernement
of
Southwales
,
which
they
two
ruled
iointly
,
but
yet
with
small
quietnesse
,
for
the
sonnes
of
Rytherch
gathered
a
number
of
such
as
were
their
fathers
friends
to
reuenge
his
death
,
with
whom
Howel
and
Meredyth
met
at
Hyarthwy
,
&
after
long
fight
put
them
to
flight
.
But
in
the
yeare
folowing
,
Meredyth
was
slaine
by
the
sons
of
Conan
the
sonne
of
Sitsylht
,
brother
to
the
worthie
prince
Lhewelyn
to
reuenge
their
fathers
death
,
whome
Meredyth
and
his
brother
had
slaine
.
The
yeare
next
ensuing
,
certaine
Englishmen
entred
the
land
of
Gwent
,
with
whom
,
Rytherch
ap
Iestyn
fought
,
and
was
by
them
slaine
.
Not
long
after
died
Cnute
the
most
famous
and
mightiest
prince
in
the
West
parts
of
the
world
,
as
he
that
had
vnder
his
dominion
the
great
countrie
of
Swethen
,
from
Germanie
to
the
Northpole
,
H.
Hunt.
Io.
Castor
.
Matth.
West
.
Ran.
Cest.
li.
6
Al●
.
Crantz
.
with
Norway
and
Denmarke
,
and
all
the
noble
I
le
of
Brytaine
.
After
whom
Haroald
Harfote
his
son
begotten
vpon
Alwyn
the
daughter
of
Duke
Alfelyn
,
was
created
king
.
For
Hardie
Cnute
his
other
sonne
by
Emma
was
then
in
Denmarke
.
This
Haroald
in
the
first
yeare
of
his
reigne
banished
Emma
his
stepmother
out
of
the
realme
.
In
the
yeare
1037.
1037
Gruffyth
the
son
of
Lhewelyn
ap
Sitsylth
sometimes
king
of
Wales
,
raised
a
great
number
of
people
against
Iago
then
enioieng
the
principalitie
or
kingdome
of
Northwales
,
whome
Iago
likewise
prouided
for
,
as
well
as
he
could
:
but
the
more
part
and
the
better
souldiours
were
of
Gruffyths
side
,
for
the
loue
they
bare
to
his
father
,
which
afterward
well
appeared
:
for
after
the
armies
once
met
,
Iago
was
soone
ouerthrowne
and
slaine
.
This
Iago
left
behind
him
a
sonne
called
Conan
,
by
his
wife
Auandred
daughter
to
Gweir
the
sonne
of
Pylh.
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
.
Gruffyth
the
sonne
of
Lhewelyn
ap
Sitsylht
and
Angharat
.
Hol.
pag.
272.
This
Howel
procured
Edwyn
the
brother
of
Leofrike
Earle
of
Chester
or
Mercia
,
to
come
with
an
armie
of
Englishmen
and
Danes
to
his
aide
against
prince
Gruffyth
,
who
met
his
enimies
in
the
field
,
and
ouercame
them
,
and
slue
the
said
Edwyn
,
Matt.
West
.
but
Howel
escaped
by
flight
.
After
the
which
victorie
,
Gruffyth
made
sundrie
inuasions
vpon
the
marches
towards
Hereford
,
and
alwaies
returned
with
great
spoiles
.
When
Gruffyth
had
brought
all
Wales
vnder
his
dominion
,
he
returned
to
Northwales
againe
.
The
yeare
insuing
,
1038.
1038
Hernun
Archbishop
of
Meneuia
or
S.
Dauids
died
,
a
man
both
learned
and
godlie
.
The
yeare
next
following
,
Howel
king
of
Southwales
gathered
a
great
power
of
his
friends
and
strangers
,
and
entred
the
land
,
intending
to
recouer
it
againe
.
Wherefore
Gruffyth
like
a
worthie
prince
came
with
all
speed
to
succour
his
people
,
and
meeting
with
Howel
at
Pencadair
,
after
he
had
incouraged
his
souldiours
,
gaue
him
battell
,
and
ouerthrew
him
,
and
pursued
him
so
narrowlie
,
that
hee
tooke
Howels
wife
,
whome
hee
had
brought
to
the
field
to
see
the
ouerthrow
of
Gruffyth
(
which
chanced
otherwise
)
whome
Gruffyth
liked
so
well
,
that
he
kept
hir
for
his
concubine
.
About
this
time
,
Haroald
king
of
England
died
,
and
his
brother
Hardycnute
reigned
in
his
stead
,
a
noble
and
a
liberall
prince
,
who
(
as
it
is
reported
)
caused
his
tables
to
be
couered
and
furnished
four
times
euerie
daie
,
H.
Hunt
for
strangers
and
all
commers
,
and
after
he
had
reigned
two
yeares
,
Matt.
West
.
Sim.
Dunel
.
he
died
at
Lambeth
in
the
floure
of
his
age
.
After
whose
death
,
the
Englishmen
sent
for
Alfred
the
eldest
son
of
Edelred
from
Normandy
,
but
that
message
pleased
not
Earle
Godwyn
,
which
was
the
mightiest
man
in
the
land
,
because
he
knew
the
yoong
prince
to
be
couragious
and
stout
,
and
therefore
one
that
would
not
suffer
him
to
rule
the
land
as
he
intended
to
doo
.
Therefore
he
persuaded
the
people
that
Alfred
,
who
had
come
well
accompanied
with
Normanes
,
had
promised
them
the
whole
rule
of
the
land
,
and
therevpon
they
tooke
all
the
Normanes
,
and
bound
them
,
and
afterward
tithed
them
,
putting
euerie
tenth
man
to
death
.
And
yet
they
thought
there
were
too
manie
,
wherefore
they
tithed
them
the
second
time
:
and
lead
Alfred
from
Gilford
(
where
this
crueltie
was
committed
)
to
Gillingham
,
and
there
put
out
his
eies
,
and
remoued
him
thence
to
Ely
,
where
he
was
pitifullie
murthered
.
Afterward
they
sent
for
Edward
the
yonger
sonne
,
whome
they
receiued
as
king
the
yeare
folowing
,
after
that
he
had
maried
Godwynes
daughter
,
who
in
the
first
yeere
of
his
reigne
banished
Earle
Swayne
,
sonne
to
the
said
Earle
Godwyn
,
who
was
receiued
of
the
Earle
of
Flanders
.
In
the
yeare
1041.
Howel
came
againe
to
Southwales
,
1041
and
remained
there
awhile
:
and
shortlie
after
a
number
of
strangers
landed
in
Westwales
&
spoiled
the
countrie
,
against
whom
Howel
gathered
a
number
of
people
,
and
fought
with
them
,
and
droue
them
to
their
ships
with
much
losse
.
At
this
time
Conan
the
sonne
of
Iago
(
who
had
fled
to
Ireland
to
saue
his
life
)
with
the
power
of
Alfred
king
of
Deuelyn
,
whose
daughter
Ranulph
he
had
maried
,
entred
Northwales
,
and
by
treason
had
taken
Gruffyth
the
king
,
and
caried
him
towards
the
ships
:
but
when
it
was
knowen
,
the
countrie
vpon
the
sudden
folowed
the
Irishmen
,
and
ouertaking
them
rescued
their
prince
,
requiting
their
foes
with
much
slaughter
to
their
ships
,
who
returned
streight
with
Conan
to
Ireland
.
The
yeare
folowing
,
Howel
the
sonne
of
Owen
Lord
of
Glamorgan
died
,
being
a
man
full
of
yeares
.
Then
Howel
ap
Edwyn
called
to
his
succour
Danes
and
Englishmen
,
with
all
the
power
he
could
make
in
Southwales
.
Whereof
Gruffyth
being
certified
,
gathered
his
power
togither
in
Northwales
,
&
came
couragiouslie
to
meete
his
enimies
,
(
whom
he
had
twise
before
discomfited
)
and
ouercame
them
,
and
chased
them
,
as
farre
as
the
spring
of
the
riuer
Towy
,
where
after
a
long
and
dangerous
battell
Howel
was
slaine
,
and
his
armie
discomfited
,
and
so
narrowlie
pursued
that
few
escaped
aliue
.
After
whose
death
Rytherch
and
Rees
the
sonnes
of
Rytherch
ap
Iestyn
aspiring
againe
to
the
rule
and
gouernment
of
Southwales
,
Hol.
pag.
270.
Matt.
West
.
which
their
father
had
once
obtained
,
gathered
a
great
armie
,
aswell
of
strangers
as
out
of
Gwentland
,
and
Glamorgan
,
and
met
with
Gruffyth
king
of
Wales
,
who
after
his
accustomed
maner
detracting
no
time
,
but
couragiouslie
animating
his
men
with
the
remembrance
of
their
former
fortune
and
diuerse
victories
vnder
his
standard
,
ioined
battell
with
his
enimies
,
whom
he
found
disposed
to
abide
,
&
to
win
againt
the
honor
which
before
they
had
lost
:
wherfore
when
they
met
,
the
fight
was
cruell
&
bloudie
,
&
continued
till
night
,
which
easilie
departed
both
armies
being
werie
with
fighting
,
and
either
fearing
other
,
returned
to
their
countries
,
to
gather
more
strength
.
This
yeare
Ioseph
bishop
of
Teilo
or
Landaf
died
at
Rome
.
The
land
being
thus
quieted
,
Gruffyth
ruled
al
Wales
without
any
trouble
:
till
about
two
yeares
after
,
the
Gentlemen
of
Ystrad
Towy
did
by
treason
kill
140.
of
the
Prince
his
best
soldiors
,
to
reuenge
whose
death
the
king
Gruffyth
destroied
all
Dyuet
and
Ystrad
Towy
.
Heere
is
also
to
be
noted
,
that
such
snow
fell
this
yeare
,
that
it
laie
vpon
the
earth
from
the
kalends
of
Ianuarie
,
to
the
14.
of
March.
About
this
time
,
Lothen
and
Hyrling
landed
at
Sandwich
with
a
great
number
of
Danes
,
and
after
they
had
spoiled
the
towne
,
they
returned
to
their
ships
,
and
sailed
to
Flanders
,
and
sold
their
booties
,
and
so
sailed
to
their
countrie
.
At
this
time
also
Earle
Swayne
returned
to
England
,
and
came
to
his
fathers
house
at
Pevenese
,
and
humblie
besought
his
father
,
and
his
brethren
Haroald
&
Tostie
,
to
procure
him
the
kings
fauour
.
So
Earle
Beorned
promised
to
intreate
the
king
for
him
,
and
went
with
Swayne
to
his
ships
,
where
he
was
traitorouslie
murthered
,
and
his
bodie
left
vpon
the
shore
,
vntill
his
friends
,
being
certified
of
the
same
,
fetched
him
awaie
,
and
buried
him
at
Winchester
,
where
his
vncle
king
Cnute
had
beene
buried
before
.
Swayne
hauing
committed
this
wicked
fact
,
sailed
againe
to
Flanders
,
and
continued
there
,
till
his
father
made
peace
with
the
king
,
and
brought
him
in
fauour
againe
about
a
yeare
after
.
1050
In
the
yeare
1050.
Conan
the
sonne
of
Iago
did
gather
an
armie
of
his
friends
in
Ireland
,
minding
to
recouer
his
inheritance
againe
,
and
as
he
sailed
towards
Wales
,
there
arose
such
a
tempest
,
that
it
scattered
his
nauie
abroade
,
and
drowned
the
most
part
of
his
ships
,
so
that
he
was
disappointed
of
his
purpose
,
&
lost
his
labour
.
Shortlie
after
,
Robert
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
accused
Earle
Godwyn
and
his
sonnes
Swayne
and
Haroald
of
treason
,
and
the
Queene
of
adulterie
,
who
bicause
they
refused
to
appeare
,
being
called
before
the
king
,
were
banished
the
land
,
and
the
Queene
put
awaie
from
the
king
,
wherevpon
,
Godwyn
with
Swayne
fled
to
Flanders
,
and
Haroald
to
Ireland
.
Wil.
Malms
.
Hol.
pag.
270.
and
271.
Eustace
Earle
of
Bologne
,
the
father
of
Godfrey
,
hauing
married
Goda
king
Edwards
sister
,
the
widow
of
Walter
de
Maunt
,
came
to
England
to
his
brother
in
lawe
,
and
as
he
was
returning
home
againe
,
one
of
his
seruants
kild
a
man
at
Canturburie
(
or
at
Douer
as
Matt.
Westm.
hath
)
whereof
grew
a
great
inconuenience
and
slaughter
on
both
sides
:
Matt.
West
.
page
.
419.
wherevpon
Eustace
returning
againe
;
made
a
gréeuous
complaint
to
king
Edward
vpon
the
Kentishmen
,
whose
part
Earle
Godwyn
tooke
,
bicause
they
were
of
his
countie
.
But
Eustace
by
the
suggestion
of
Robert
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
(
who
hated
Godwyn
and
his
sonnes
)
so
incensed
king
Edward
against
him
and
the
Kentishmen
,
Matt.
Park
.
that
Godwyn
and
his
sonnes
were
sent
for
,
to
answer
the
matter
before
the
king
at
Glocester
.
Wherevpon
Godwyn
fearing
the
kings
displeasure
(
who
could
neuer
brooke
him
sithence
the
death
of
his
brother
Alfred
)
gathered
an
armie
out
of
Kent
and
other
countries
where
his
sonnes
ruled
,
and
so
came
towards
Glocester
,
reporting
abroade
,
that
all
this
preparation
was
made
to
resist
Gruffyth
prince
of
Wales
,
who
(
as
they
affirmed
)
was
readie
with
an
armie
to
inuade
the
marches
.
But
king
Edward
being
certified
by
the
Welshmen
,
that
there
was
no
such
things
in
hand
,
commanded
Godwyn
to
send
backe
his
armie
,
and
to
come
himselfe
to
answer
,
according
to
the
order
of
law
.
Which
when
he
refused
to
doo
,
the
king
by
the
aduise
of
Earle
Leofrike
appointed
a
Parliament
and
meeting
at
London
,
to
take
order
in
these
matters
,
where
the
king
came
with
a
great
armie
out
of
Mercia
and
other
westerne
countries
.
Then
Godwyn
remaining
with
his
armie
in
Southwerke
,
and
perceiuing
how
that
diuers
of
his
friends
disappointed
him
,
and
other
dailie
forsooke
him
,
and
went
to
the
kings
part
,
despairing
to
be
able
to
withstand
the
kings
procéedings
against
him
,
conueied
himselfe
awaie
priuilie
with
his
sonnes
,
and
fled
out
of
the
land
.
Wherevpon
king
Edward
proclamed
him
and
his
sonnes
outlawes
,
confiscated
their
goods
,
and
gaue
their
lands
to
other
of
his
nobilitie
.
Then
the
king
gaue
to
Adonan
the
earldome
of
Deuonshire
and
Dorsetshire
,
and
to
Algar
sonne
of
Earle
Leofrick
the
earldome
of
Haroald
.
Neuerthelesse
Godwyn
and
Swayne
got
men
and
ships
in
Flanders
,
and
sailed
to
the
ile
of
Wight
,
which
they
spoiled
,
and
so
they
did
Portland
.
At
the
same
time
Haroald
comming
from
Ireland
,
and
wafting
alongst
the
shoare
,
spoiling
the
countrie
as
he
went
,
at
length
met
with
his
father
&
brother
,
who
being
together
,
burned
P●euenese●y
,
Romney
,
Heath
,
Folkston
,
Douer
,
and
Sandwich
,
&
entring
the
Thames
destroied
Sheppey
,
and
burned
the
kings
houses
at
Mydltowne
,
and
afterward
sailed
vp
towards
London
,
where
by
the
way
they
met
with
the
king
and
so
sailed
with
him
,
&
when
they
were
readie
to
fight
,
an
accord
was
made
by
meanes
of
Bishop
Stigand
,
in
such
sort
that
the
king
restored
them
their
lands
and
goodes
,
tooke
home
the
Queene
,
and
banished
the
Archbishop
with
all
the
Frenchmen
,
which
had
put
that
suspicion
in
the
kings
head
.
Mat.
Westm.
writeth
,
that
about
this
time
,
to
wit
,
An.
1053.
Rees
the
brother
of
Gruffyth
king
of
Wales
was
slaine
in
a
place
called
Bulendune
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
420.
whose
head
was
presented
to
king
Edward
,
the
daie
before
the
Epiphanie
,
the
king
being
then
at
Glocester
.
A
litle
after
that
,
Oswald
Earle
of
Northumberland
,
when
he
heard
that
his
sonne
was
slaine
in
Scotland
,
whither
his
father
had
sent
him
to
conquere
it
,
asked
whether
his
deaths
wound
was
in
his
brest
or
in
his
backe
;
and
they
said
in
his
brest
:
and
he
answered
,
I
am
right
glad
thereof
,
for
I
would
not
wish
me
nor
my
sonne
to
die
otherwise
.
Then
king
Edward
entred
Scotland
,
and
ouercame
the
king
in
battell
,
&
subdued
the
whole
land
to
him selfe
.
The
yeare
folowing
,
Earle
Godwyn
died
at
the
kings
table
,
choked
with
a
peece
of
bread
,
whose
Earldome
Haroald
his
sonne
had
,
and
Algar
Earle
of
Chester
had
the
Earldome
of
Haroald
.
Hector
Boet.
lib.
12.
cap.
5.
About
this
time
Makbeth
king
of
Scotland
caused
a
noble
man
of
his
named
Bancho
,
to
be
cruellie
murthered
,
wherevpon
Fleance
the
sonne
of
the
said
Bancho
escaping
the
hands
of
Makbeth
,
Buchan
.
li.
7.
page
.
62.
fled
to
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
,
where
being
ioifullie
receiued
and
entertained
courteouslie
,
he
grew
into
such
fauor
with
the
said
Prince
,
that
he
thought
nothing
too
good
for
him
.
But
in
processe
of
time
Fleance
forgetting
the
curtesie
to
him
shewed
,
Hol.
pag.
247.
fell
in
loue
with
the
princes
daughter
,
and
gat
hir
with
child
.
Which
thing
the
prince
tooke
in
so
ill
part
,
that
he
in
a
rage
caused
Fleance
to
be
kild
,
holding
his
daughter
in
most
vile
estate
of
seruitude
,
for
so
suffering
hir selfe
to
be
defloured
by
a
stranger
.
At
length
she
was
deliuered
of
a
sonne
,
which
was
named
Walter
,
who
in
few
yeares
prooued
a
man
of
great
courage
and
valiancie
,
in
whome
from
his
childhood
appeared
a
certeine
noblenes
of
mind
,
readie
to
attempt
anie
great
enterprise
.
This
Walter
on
a
time
fell
out
with
one
of
his
companions
,
who
in
that
heat
of
contention
obiected
vnto
him
,
that
he
was
but
a
bastard
begotten
in
vnlawfull
bed
.
Which
reproch
so
gréeued
Walter
,
that
he
fell
vpon
the
other
,
and
slew
him
;
wherevpon
fearing
the
punishment
of
the
law
,
he
fled
into
Scotland
,
where
he
fell
into
the
companie
of
those
Englishmen
which
were
come
thither
with
Quéene
Margaret
the
sister
of
Edgar
Edeling
,
amongst
whom
he
shewed
himself
so
discréet
and
sober
in
all
his
demcanor
,
that
he
was
highlie
estéemed
of
all
men
:
and
so
attaining
to
higher
reputation
and
credit
,
was
afterward
emploied
in
the
affaires
of
the
common
wealth
,
and
at
length
made
Lord
Steward
of
Scotland
,
receiuing
the
kings
reuenewes
of
the
whole
realme
.
Of
the
which
office
he
and
his
posteritie
reteined
that
sirname
of
Steward
euer
after
,
from
whom
descended
the
most
noble
kings
of
Scotland
of
the
familie
of
Stewards
,
besides
manie
other
Dukes
,
Marquesses
,
Earles
,
and
Barones
of
great
fame
and
renowme
.
Also
at
this
time
,
Siward
that
worthie
Earle
of
Northumberland
,
being
brought
to
the
point
of
death
with
the
bloudie
fluxe
,
bewailed
his
mischance
,
that
he
had
escaped
in
manie
a
dangerous
battell
,
and
now
should
die
such
a
filthie
and
cowardlie
death
,
and
calling
his
friends
and
his
men
about
him
,
commanded
them
to
set
him
in
his
chaire
,
and
to
arme
him
at
all
points
,
and
put
his
shield
in
the
left
hand
,
and
so
made
an
end
of
his
worthie
life
.
Whose
Earldome
,
because
his
sonne
was
within
yeares
,
was
giuen
to
Tosty
Godwyns
sonne
.
1054
In
the
yeare
1054.
Gruffyth
the
son
of
Rytherch
ap
Iestyn
,
did
gather
a
great
number
,
aswell
strangers
as
others
,
against
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
king
or
prince
of
Wales
,
but
commonlie
called
king
of
Northwales
;
who
detracting
no
time
,
meeting
him
,
fought
with
him
,
&
slew
him
.
Shortlie
after
,
Algar
Earle
of
Chester
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
421.
being
conuicted
of
treason
against
the
king
,
fled
to
Gruffyth
king
or
prince
of
Wales
,
who
gathered
his
power
to
reuenge
the
often
wrongs
,
which
he
had
receiued
at
the
Englishmens
hands
,
who
euer
succoured
his
enimies
against
him
.
Hol.
pag.
272
276.
&
277.
Therefore
he
together
with
Algar
entred
Herefordshire
,
and
spoiled
all
the
waie
with
fire
and
sword
,
to
the
citie
,
whither
all
the
people
had
fled
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
422.
Io.
Castor
.
and
they
boldlie
issued
forth
(
Earle
Randulph
being
their
leader
)
and
gaue
him
battell
,
which
Gruffyth
wished
for
aboue
anie
other
thing
,
This
Randulphe
was
K.
Edwards
nephew
,
by
his
sister
Goda
,
the
wife
of
walter
De
Maunt.
as
he
that
had
wonne
fiue
set
fields
;
and
couragiouslie
receiuing
his
enimies
,
fought
with
them
.
Which
fight
was
long
&
doubtfull
,
till
such
time
as
Gruffyth
incouraged
his
people
with
the
remembrance
of
the
prowesse
&
worthie
actes
of
the
ancient
Brytaines
their
forfathers
,
saieng
that
they
were
the
same
enimies
,
whose
backes
they
had
so
oftentimes
seene
before
:
which
doubled
their
strength
and
force
,
and
so
they
pressed
forwards
,
that
their
foes
were
compelled
to
forsake
the
field
and
trust
to
their
feete
,
where
their
hands
preuailed
not
,
and
thought
to
haue
taken
the
towne
for
their
defense
.
But
Gruffyth
and
his
men
pursued
them
so
hard
,
that
they
entred
with
them
,
and
after
a
great
slaughter
returned
home
with
manie
worthie
prisoners
,
great
triumph
,
&
rich
spoiles
,
leauing
nothing
in
the
towne
,
but
bloud
&
ashes
,
and
the
walles
rased
to
the
ground
.
Hol.
pag.
276.
Io.
Castor
.
There
be
some
which
affirme
,
that
king
Edward
by
euill
counsell
(
as
it
is
thought
)
banished
Algar
the
sonne
of
Earle
Leofrike
,
wherevpon
he
gat
him
into
Ireland
,
and
there
prouiding
xviij
.
ships
of
rouers
,
returned
and
ioined
himself
with
Gruffyth
king
or
prince
of
Wales
,
who
both
together
inuaded
the
countrie
of
Mercia
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
423.
Si.
Dunelm
.
about
Hereford
,
where
Ranulph
Earle
of
that
countrie
(
who
was
sonne
to
king
Edwards
sister
named
Goda
,
by
hir
first
husband
Walter
de
Maunt
)
came
against
them
with
a
great
armie
,
and
met
them
about
two
miles
from
Hereford
,
where
after
a
sore
fight
by
the
space
of
thrée
houres
,
Ranulph
and
his
armie
were
discomfited
,
and
about
500.
of
them
slaine
,
and
the
rest
put
to
flight
,
whome
Gruffyth
&
Algar
pursued
to
Hereford
,
and
entring
the
towne
,
set
the
cathedrall
church
on
fire
,
and
slue
the
Bishop
named
Leogar
,
with
seauen
of
the
canons
,
spoiled
and
burnt
the
towne
miserablie
.
Wherevpon
,
king
Edward
being
aduertised
héereof
,
gathered
an
armie
,
and
sent
Haroald
the
sonne
of
Earle
Godwyn
against
them
,
who
pursuing
the
enimies
to
Northwales
,
passed
through
Stradclwyd
to
Snowdon
:
but
Gruffyth
and
Algar
being
afraid
to
méete
Haroald
,
gote
them
againe
to
Southwales
,
whereof
Haroald
being
aduertised
,
left
one
part
of
his
armie
in
Northwales
,
to
resist
the
enimies
there
,
and
returning
with
the
residue
to
Hereford
,
caused
a
great
trench
to
be
cast
round
about
the
towne
,
with
a
high
rampire
stronglie
fortifieng
the
gates
of
the
same
.
After
this
,
by
meanes
of
a
parle
had
with
Gruffyth
&
Algar
,
at
a
place
called
Biligelhag
,
a
peace
was
concluded
,
wherevpon
Algar
being
pardoned
by
the
king
,
and
restored
againe
to
his
Earledome
,
returned
home
to
Chester
.
About
two
yeares
after
,
Algar
was
accused
againe
of
treason
,
so
that
he
was
the
second
time
exiled
the
land
,
and
repaired
to
his
old
friend
Gruffyth
prince
of
Northwales
,
Io.
Cast.
Hol.
pa.
277.
by
whome
he
was
receiued
ioifullie
,
and
restored
againe
to
his
Earledome
by
the
aid
of
certaine
strangers
,
which
came
by
chance
from
Norwaie
.
Whervpon
king
Edward
being
sore
offended
with
Gruffyth
,
sent
Haroald
againe
with
power
to
Northwales
,
to
be
reuenged
vpon
him
,
who
comming
to
Ruthlan
,
burned
the
palace
of
Gruffyth
,
and
his
ships
,
and
then
returned
backe
to
the
king
at
Glocester
.
About
this
time
,
Edward
the
sonne
of
Edmund
Ironside
,
came
to
England
with
his
wife
and
children
,
Edgar
Edeling
(
which
signifieth
in
the
Brytish
toong
,
a
yong
Lord
or
a
Prince
)
and
Margaret
which
was
afterwards
Queene
of
Scots
,
and
mother
to
Mawd
,
wife
to
Henrie
the
first
king
of
England
.
About
two
yeares
after
came
Roderike
,
sonne
to
Haroald
king
of
Denmarke
,
Matt.
West
.
with
a
great
armie
to
Wales
,
and
there
being
freendlie
receiued
of
king
Gruffyth
,
ioining
his
power
to
Gruffyths
,
entred
England
,
and
cruellie
spoiled
and
burned
a
great
part
of
the
land
.
But
shortlie
after
,
Roderike
was
compelled
to
returne
to
his
ships
,
and
to
saile
to
Denmarke
,
and
Gruffyth
returned
with
spoiles
.
This
yeare
,
Matt.
Park
.
Matt.
West
.
as
Haroald
Godwyns
sonne
would
haue
sailed
to
Flanders
,
he
was
driuen
by
force
of
a
tempest
to
land
in
Poytiers
,
where
he
was
taken
,
and
conueied
to
William
Bastard
,
duke
of
Normandie
:
to
whom
Haroald
declared
his
iournie
thither
,
to
be
onelie
to
offer
him
his
seruice
in
the
affaires
of
England
,
and
tooke
a
solemne
oth
,
first
to
marrie
the
Dukes
daughter
,
and
after
the
death
of
Edward
to
reserue
the
crowne
to
the
dukes
vse
.
Then
shortlie
after
receiuing
rich
gifts
,
with
much
honor
he
returned
to
England
.
This
yeare
died
Owen
the
sonne
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rytherch
.
Also
Haroald
and
his
brother
Tosty
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
427.
by
the
procurement
of
Caradoc
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Rytherch
,
and
others
,
gathered
a
great
power
,
and
entred
Southwales
,
and
subdued
a
great
part
thereof
,
and
wrought
so
with
those
that
were
about
Gruffyth
the
king
,
that
assoone
as
he
had
gathered
his
people
in
Northwales
,
&
tooke
his
iournie
to
meete
with
Haroald
,
he
was
cruellie
and
traitorouslie
slaine
by
his
owne
men
,
and
his
head
brought
to
Haroald
:
who
appointed
and
placed
Meredyth
the
sonne
of
Owen
ap
Edwyn
,
prince
and
ruler
in
Southwales
,
and
he
with
his
brother
Tosty
returned
home
.
Hol.
pag.
277.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
427.
Some
doo
report
,
that
Haroald
,
about
the
rogation
wéeke
by
the
kings
commandement
,
went
against
the
Welshmen
,
and
taking
the
sea
,
sailed
by
Bristowe
,
round
about
the
coast
,
compassing
in
maner
all
Wales
.
His
brother
Tosty
,
that
was
Earle
of
Northumberland
,
met
him
by
appointment
with
an
host
of
horsemen
,
and
so
ioining
together
,
they
destroied
the
countrie
of
Southwales
,
in
such
sort
,
that
the
Welshmen
were
compelled
to
submit
themselues
to
deliuer
hostages
,
and
conditioned
to
paie
the
ancient
tribute
,
which
before
time
they
had
paied
.
The
people
of
that
countrie
,
bicause
Gruffyth
their
prince
fled
at
the
comming
of
Haroald
,
and
left
them
to
be
a
prey
for
the
enimie
,
hated
him
fore
,
whome
,
as
soone
as
he
returned
to
them
againe
,
they
slue
,
and
sent
his
head
to
Haroald
,
which
he
sent
to
the
king
.
After
whose
death
,
king
Edward
granted
the
principalitie
of
Northwales
to
Blethyn
and
Rywalhon
the
sonnes
of
Convyn
,
brethren
to
Gruffyth
by
the
mothers
side
,
who
did
homage
vnto
him
for
the
same
.
This
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
gouerned
Wales
34.
yeares
valiantlie
and
woorthilie
,
he
neuer
fought
but
he
bare
awaie
the
victorie
,
he
was
gentle
to
his
subiects
,
and
cruell
to
his
foes
,
looued
of
the
one
,
and
feared
of
the
other
:
liberall
to
strangers
,
costlie
in
apparell
,
and
princelie
in
all
his
dooings
,
and
vnwoorthie
of
that
cruell
death
,
that
the
ambitious
desire
of
rule
did
prouoke
his
vnkind
subiects
,
and
vnnaturall
coosens
,
to
prepare
for
so
noble
a
prince
,
and
so
gentle
a
maister
as
hee
was
.
Blethyn
and
Rywalhon
.
Blethyn
and
Rywalhon
the
sonnes
fo
Convyn
.
AFter
the
decease
of
king
or
prince
Gruffyth
,
Meredyth
the
sonne
of
Owen
ap
Edwyn
(
which
Edwyn
as
some
writers
saie
was
the
sonne
of
Howel
Dha
)
did
take
vpon
him
the
gouernment
of
Southwales
,
and
Blethyn
and
Rywalhon
the
sonnes
of
Convyn
,
and
halfe
brethren
to
king
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
(
as
they
which
were
borne
of
Angharat
daughter
to
Meredyth
king
of
Wales
)
did
gouerne
Northwales
,
Conan
the
sonne
of
Iago
being
all
this
time
with
his
father
in
lawe
in
Ireland
.
About
this
time
it
fortuned
,
that
as
Haroald
serued
the
king
with
drinke
at
Windsor
,
his
brother
Tofty
mooued
with
enuie
that
his
yonger
brother
should
be
preferred
before
him
,
Matth.
West
.
pulled
him
by
the
haire
of
the
head
,
and
ouerthrewe
him
.
Then
departing
thence
,
full
of
rancor
and
malice
,
to
Hereford
,
where
Haroald
had
prepared
great
cheere
for
the
king
,
he
slue
all
Haroalds
seruants
,
and
cut
off
their
heads
,
armes
,
legs
,
noses
,
feet
,
and
hands
,
and
filled
all
the
vessels
of
wine
,
meath
,
beere
,
and
ale
therwith
:
and
sent
the
King
word
,
that
he
should
want
no
powdred
and
sowsed
meats
,
when
he
came
thither
;
as
for
other
things
,
let
him
make
prouision
himselfe
.
For
which
heinous
offense
the
king
banished
him
the
land
for
euer
.
Caradoc
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Rytherch
was
the
first
that
procured
Haroald
for
to
come
to
Wales
against
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
,
hoping
by
him
to
atteine
vnto
the
gouernement
of
Southwales
.
But
it
fell
out
otherwise
,
for
when
Haroald
vnderstood
that
he
should
not
get
that
at
the
hands
of
Caradoc
which
he
looked
for
,
which
was
a
certaine
lordship
within
Wales
nigh
vnto
Hereford
,
and
knowing
also
Caradoc
to
be
subtile
and
deceiptfull
man
,
compounding
with
Meredyth
ap
Owen
for
that
lordship
,
he
made
him
king
or
prince
of
Southwales
,
and
banished
Caradoc
out
of
the
countrie
.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
429.
Mar.
Scotus
.
Afterward
Haroald
hauing
obteined
that
lordship
,
builded
there
a
princelie
and
sumptuous
house
at
a
place
called
Portaslyth
,
and
diuers
times
earnestlie
inuited
the
king
to
come
to
sée
the
same
,
&
at
the
length
the
king
being
then
at
Glocester
not
far
off
,
granted
him
his
request
:
wherevpon
,
Haroald
made
such
preparation
as
is
before
mentioned
for
him
▪
which
was
thus
most
horribly
abused
by
Tosty
.
Soone
after
this
wicked
act
,
the
said
Caradoc
ap
Gruffyth
came
to
the
same
house
,
and
to
be
reuenged
vpon
Haroald
,
killed
all
the
workemen
and
laborers
that
were
there
at
worke
,
and
all
the
seruants
and
people
of
Haroald
that
he
could
find
,
and
defacing
the
worke
,
carried
awaie
those
things
that
with
great
labour
and
expenses
had
béene
brought
thither
,
to
set
out
and
beautifie
the
building
.
Haroald
and
his
brother
were
cheefe
Iusticers
of
the
land
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
430.
and
they
vsed
,
when
they
saw
any
manor
house
or
farme
that
pleased
them
,
to
cause
the
owner
to
be
murthered
by
night
,
with
all
his
children
and
houshold
,
and
then
to
seise
the
land
into
their
owne
hands
.
Now
when
the
people
of
Northumberland
heard
the
exile
of
Tosty
,
which
was
their
Earle
,
they
reioised
much
;
for
they
hated
him
to
the
death
.
Wherfore
comming
to
Yorke
,
they
slue
all
his
familie
,
aswell
Englishmen
as
Danes
.
Then
ioining
to
them
the
men
of
Lincolneshire
,
Notingham
,
and
Derbyshire
,
they
made
Marcher
sonne
of
Earle
Algar
their
captaine
,
and
to
them
came
his
brother
Edwyn
with
his
people
,
and
a
great
number
of
Welshmen
,
and
they
went
burning
&
spoiling
to
Hampton
;
where
Haroald
met
with
them
,
sent
from
the
king
to
know
their
willes
;
and
they
said
,
they
would
haue
Marcher
Earle
ouer
them
,
which
the
king
granted
&
confirmed
.
Whervpon
they
returned
,
Matt.
West
.
the
one
to
the
North
,
the
other
to
Wales
,
spoiling
and
burning
all
the
countrie
,
and
lead
with
them
manie
thousand
prisoners
.
The
yeare
following
being
1066.
1066
king
Edward
died
,
and
was
buried
at
Westminster
.
This
was
the
last
King
of
Saxon
or
English
bloud
,
that
reigned
in
this
land
,
which
from
Cerdicke
king
of
Westsaxons
had
continued
544.
and
from
Egbert
the
first
Monarch
171.
yeares
.
After
the
death
of
Edward
,
some
would
haue
preferred
Edgar
Edeling
as
right
heire
to
the
crowne
:
but
Haroald
being
of
great
power
,
more
rich
,
and
better
freended
,
obtained
it
:
nothing
weieng
his
oth
and
promise
to
William
Duke
of
Normandie
,
which
Duke
calling
all
his
nobles
together
,
declared
them
the
wrongs
he
had
receiued
at
Haroalds
hands
.
First
the
death
of
his
coosen
Alfred
,
then
the
banishment
of
the
Archbishop
Robert
,
and
Earle
Odan
,
with
all
the
Normanes
;
and
thirdlie
,
his
oth
and
promise
broken
:
declaring
also
the
titles
he
had
to
England
,
aswell
by
the
former
promise
of
Edward
made
to
him
in
Normandie
;
that
if
euer
he
enioied
the
crowne
of
England
,
Verie
weak
titles
of
themselues
.
William
should
be
his
heire
;
as
also
by
cosinage
,
and
by
the
oth
and
promise
of
Haroald
.
Which
matter
considered
by
the
nobilitie
of
Normandie
,
with
all
the
dangers
and
difficulties
of
this
expedition
,
brought
them
to
such
perplexitie
,
that
the
more
part
feared
the
end
.
Then
William
Fitzosbert
the
Dukes
sewer
,
seing
how
they
were
bent
,
dissuaded
them
from
that
viage
:
wherfore
they
agreed
all
,
that
he
should
declare
their
minds
to
the
duke
.
Then
he
came
to
him
and
said
,
I
with
all
my
men
and
power
am
readie
to
liue
and
die
with
thee
in
this
iournie
:
which
when
the
other
heard
vpon
their
promise
,
they
were
readie
to
follow
,
&
so
made
readie
a
great
nauie
.
In
the
meane
while
Tosty
entred
Humber
with
40.
saile
,
but
Earle
Edwyn
met
with
him
,
and
put
him
to
flight
,
who
,
as
he
failed
toward
Scotland
,
met
with
Haroald
king
of
Norwaie
with
300.
saile
comming
towards
England
,
and
ioining
with
him
they
both
entred
Humber
,
and
hauing
landed
their
armie
,
they
came
to
Yorke
,
where
both
Earles
Edwyn
&
Marcher
gaue
them
battell
,
vpon
the
south
part
of
the
towne
:
but
Haroald
and
Tosty
bare
awaie
the
victorie
,
and
spoiled
the
citie
,
&
then
marched
forwards
,
toward
Stamfordbridge
,
where
Haroald
king
of
England
and
all
his
power
did
meete
with
them
.
And
after
a
long
fight
&
manie
valiant
acts
atchieued
on
both
sides
,
euen
from
morning
till
noone
,
Wil.
Malms
.
H.
Hunt.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
434.
at
what
time
the
Norwaies
began
to
retire
backe
ouer
the
water
,
one
of
them
,
worthie
not
to
be
forgotten
,
kept
the
passage
vpon
the
bridge
,
with
his
axe
,
against
all
the
armie
of
England
,
till
three
of
the
clock
,
and
slew
40.
men
;
but
at
the
last
one
got
vnder
the
bridge
,
and
with
his
speare
gaue
him
his
deaths
wound
through
the
bridge
.
Then
the
armie
passed
ouer
the
bridge
,
and
put
the
Norwaies
to
flight
,
and
slew
Haroald
their
king
,
and
Tosty
,
where
not
one
man
escaped
of
all
the
number
,
that
was
not
either
killed
or
burned
.
Then
Haroald
entred
Yorke
with
great
ioie
and
triumph
,
&
as
he
sate
at
dinner
,
there
came
a
post
,
who
told
him
how
Duke
William
was
landed
at
Suwerhide
,
and
had
fortified
himself
with
a
trench
at
Hastings
.
With
which
tidings
Haroald
being
nothing
dismaied
,
made
expedition
thitherward
.
Where
William
diuiding
his
armie
into
fiue
battels
,
The
exhortation
of
W.
Conqueror
to
his
Soldiours
.
made
a
long
oration
vnto
his
soldiours
:
wherein
he
declared
the
worthinesse
of
their
forefathers
the
Danes
and
Norwaies
,
aswell
against
the
Englishmen
(
which
were
neuer
able
to
abide
their
force
)
as
against
the
Frenchmen
and
other
nations
,
and
how
they
were
accustomed
to
ouercome
at
all
times
,
&
being
well
horssed
,
well
armed
,
and
good
archers
,
had
now
to
doo
with
a
nation
onelie
taught
to
trust
to
their
feete
,
euill
horssed
,
vnarmed
,
and
such
as
knew
not
how
to
occupie
their
bowes
.
Then
he
brought
his
people
to
the
field
,
but
Haroald
couched
all
his
armie
in
one
battell
,
as
nigh
togither
as
they
could
well
stand
,
and
so
set
vpon
his
enimies
.
And
after
long
fight
William
caused
his
men
to
retire
,
as
if
they
fled
;
then
the
Englishmen
folowed
apase
,
and
brake
their
araie
:
which
when
William
perceiued
,
he
brought
in
a
battell
of
fresh
Normanes
,
who
entred
Haroalds
battell
,
and
fought
so
sore
,
that
Haroald
was
hurt
with
an
arrow
,
and
afterward
slaine
:
and
so
the
Englishmen
left
the
Normanes
both
the
field
and
the
victorie
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
7.
The
yeare
folowing
,
William
passed
the
sea
to
Normandie
,
then
Edgar
Edeling
came
out
of
Scotland
to
Yorke
,
for
the
people
of
the
countrie
had
slaine
Robert
,
to
whome
William
had
giuen
that
Earldome
,
and
900.
men
with
him
,
and
had
receiued
Edgar
for
their
king
.
But
William
returning
from
Normandie
destroied
all
the
North
countrie
,
and
chased
Edgar
to
Scotland
againe
.
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
1.
Hol.
pag.
297.
Also
Edrike
Syluaticus
,
the
sonne
of
Alfrike
Earle
of
Mercia
,
refusing
to
submit
himselfe
as
other
had
done
,
when
he
saw
that
the
king
was
departed
to
Normandie
,
rose
against
such
as
were
left
in
his
absence
to
kéepe
the
land
in
obedience
;
wherevpon
,
those
that
laie
in
the
castell
of
Hereford
,
Richard
fitz
Scrope
,
and
others
,
oftentimes
inuaded
his
lands
,
and
wasted
the
goods
of
his
tenants
;
but
as
often
as
they
came
against
him
,
they
alwaies
lost
some
of
their
owne
men
:
at
length
,
he
calling
to
his
aid
the
kings
of
Wales
,
Blethyn
and
Rywalhon
,
wasted
the
countrie
of
Hereford
,
euen
to
Wye
bridge
,
and
then
returned
with
a
maruelous
great
spoile
.
This
yeare
also
,
1068
being
1068.
Meredyth
and
Ithel
,
the
sonnes
of
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
,
raised
a
great
power
against
Blethyn
and
Rywalhon
kings
of
Northwales
,
and
met
with
them
at
a
place
called
Mechain
,
where
after
long
fight
,
there
were
slaine
vpon
the
one
part
Ithel
,
and
vpon
the
other
part
Rywalhon
,
and
Meredyth
put
to
flight
,
whome
Blethyn
pursued
so
straightlie
,
that
he
starued
for
cold
and
hunger
vpon
the
mountaines
,
and
so
Blethyn
the
sonne
of
Convyn
remained
the
onlie
king
of
Powys
and
Northwales
.
About
this
time
,
Swayne
king
of
Denmarke
,
and
Osburne
his
brother
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
8.
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
3.
came
to
Humber
with
300.
sailes
,
and
to
them
came
Edgar
Edeling
,
and
Earle
Waltelfe
,
who
all
together
came
to
Yorke
,
and
wan
the
castell
,
and
laie
that
winter
betwixt
Ouse
and
Trent
,
till
the
king
came
thither
,
and
chased
the
Danes
to
their
ships
,
and
destroied
the
inhabitants
of
the
countrie
,
but
Earle
Waltheof
he
receiued
to
mercie
.
At
this
time
Caradoc
sonne
to
Gruffyth
ap
Rytherch
ap
Iestyn
caused
a
great
number
of
Frenchmen
(
for
so
the
Brytish
booke
calleth
the
Normanes
)
to
enter
Southwales
,
to
whom
he
ioined
his
power
of
Gwentland
,
and
gaue
Meredyth
the
king
of
that
countrie
an
ouerthrow
,
and
slue
him
vpon
the
riuer
of
Rympyn
.
At
the
same
time
also
,
Dermot
Maken
Anel
,
the
worthiest
and
noblest
prince
that
euer
ruled
in
Ireland
,
was
murthered
.
The
two
Earles
Edwyn
and
Marcher
with
Hereward
gathered
an
armie
against
the
king
,
Matt.
Paris
.
but
Edwyn
was
slaine
of
his
owne
people
,
and
the
other
tooke
the
Ile
of
Elie
;
which
the
king
so
sore
besieged
,
that
he
shortlie
tooke
Marcher
and
his
complices
,
but
Hereward
escaped
his
hands
manfully
,
Matth.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
4.
whom
the
king
folowed
to
Scotland
,
&
made
Malcolme
king
of
the
land
his
subiect
and
vassall
.
Then
after
the
king
passed
to
Normandie
,
and
receiued
Edgar
Edeling
to
his
mercie
.
And
about
this
time
the
Normanes
did
lead
a
great
power
to
Westwales
by
sea
,
and
destroied
Dyuet
,
and
the
countrie
of
Caerdigan
,
and
caried
awaie
much
spoile
,
and
did
so
likewise
the
yeare
folowing
.
Bleythyd
Bishop
of
Meneuia
or
S.
Dauids
died
at
this
time
,
and
Sulien
was
Bishop
in
his
place
.
Matt.
West
.
li.
2.
pag.
6.
Matt.
Park
.
page
.
11.
Not
long
after
this
time
,
Radulph
Earle
of
Eastangles
conspired
against
the
king
,
with
Roger
Earle
of
Hereford
,
&
Earle
Waltheof
,
&
at
the
mariage
of
the
said
Radulph
with
Rogers
sister
in
Essex
,
the
matter
was
opened
,
but
it
pleased
not
the
rest
.
Therefore
Radulph
tooke
shipping
in
Norwich
,
&
fled
to
Denmarke
,
and
the
king
suddenlie
comming
,
ouertooke
Waltheof
and
Roger
,
of
whom
Waltheof
was
beheaded
,
&
Roger
committed
to
prison
,
&
the
people
all
slaine
,
among
whom
there
were
a
great
number
of
Welshmen
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
11.
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
6.
This
Radulphs
mother
came
out
of
Wales
,
which
was
the
cause
of
the
Welshmens
being
there
:
for
Radulph
sent
for
manie
of
his
mothers
friends
and
kinsmen
to
come
to
this
marriage
,
meaning
,
through
their
aid
and
procurement
,
to
get
the
princes
and
people
of
Wales
to
ioine
with
him
in
this
enterprise
.
He
also
and
his
complices
sent
to
Cnute
king
of
Denmarke
,
promising
him
the
kingdome
of
England
,
to
aid
him
against
William
the
bastard
.
But
William
being
aduertised
of
all
these
things
,
ouerthrew
all
their
deuises
:
for
by
his
sudden
comming
vppon
them
out
of
Normandie
,
he
tooke
Roger
his
coosen
,
and
Waltheof
,
whome
he
committed
to
prison
,
and
caused
to
be
executed
afterward
,
but
Radulph
escaped
and
departed
the
realme
.
Of
the
Welshmen
,
which
were
at
this
marriage
,
William
hanged
some
,
put
out
the
eies
of
others
,
and
banished
the
rest
.
After
that
,
in
the
yeare
1073.
1073
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
king
of
Wales
was
traitorouslie
and
cowardlie
murthered
by
Rees
ap
Owen
ap
Edwyn
,
and
the
gentlemen
of
Ystrad
Tywy
,
after
he
had
worthilie
gouerned
Wales
13.
yeares
.
This
man
was
verie
liberall
and
mercifull
,
and
loued
iustice
and
equitie
in
all
his
reigne
.
This
Blethyn
had
by
diuerse
women
manie
children
;
first
Meredyth
by
Haer
daughter
to
Gylhyn
,
Lhywarch
and
Cadogan
by
another
woman
,
Madoc
and
Riryd
by
the
third
,
and
Iorwerth
by
the
fourth
.
Trahaern
ap
Caradoc
.
Trahaern
the
sonne
of
Caradoc
.
AFter
the
death
of
Blethyn
,
Trahaern
ap
Caradoc
his
coosen
germane
tooke
vpon
him
the
rule
of
Northwales
,
&
Rees
ap
Owen
with
Rytherch
ap
Caradoc
did
iointlie
rule
Southwales
.
Then
Gruffyth
sonne
to
Conan
sonne
to
Iago
or
Iames
right
inheritour
of
Northwales
came
from
Ireland
,
with
succor
which
his
brethren
Encumalhon
king
of
Vltonia
and
Ranalht
and
Mathawn
had
deliuered
him
,
and
he
landed
in
the
Ile
of
Môn
or
Anglesey
,
and
brought
it
to
his
subiection
.
At
this
time
Kynwric
ap
Rywalhon
a
noble
man
of
Maelor
,
or
Bromefield
,
was
slaine
in
Northwales
.
This
yeare
also
,
Gronow
and
Lhewelyn
the
sons
of
Cadogan
ap
Blethyn
did
ioine
their
powers
with
Caradoc
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Rytherch
,
against
Rees
ap
Owen
,
and
Rytherch
ap
Caradoc
,
to
reuenge
their
grandfathers
death
;
and
then
fought
at
a
place
called
Camdhwr
,
where
the
sonnes
of
Cadogan
obteined
the
victorie
.
Shortlie
after
,
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
passed
ouer
the
water
from
Môn
to
the
maine
land
,
and
Trahaern
ap
Caradoc
met
with
him
at
Bronyrerw
,
where
Gruffyth
was
put
to
flight
,
and
retired
backe
to
the
Ile
.
In
the
yeare
1074.
1074
Rytherch
ap
Caradoc
was
slaine
by
treason
of
his
coosen
germane
Meyrchaon
ap
Rees
ap
Rytherch
,
and
Rees
ap
Owen
ruled
Southwales
alone
.
Neuerthelesse
,
the
sonnes
of
Cadogan
gathered
their
powers
and
came
against
him
,
and
fought
with
him
the
second
time
at
Gwaynyttyd
,
where
he
was
put
to
flight
:
but
yet
he
gathered
a
new
power
,
&
kept
the
land
still
.
Then
Trahaern
ap
Caradoc
king
of
Northwales
mooued
his
power
against
Rees
,
who
boldlie
met
him
with
all
the
power
of
Southwales
,
at
a
place
called
Pwlhgwttic
,
where
after
long
fighting
,
Rees
was
put
to
flight
,
and
after
great
slaughter
of
his
men
,
he
fled
from
place
to
place
,
fearing
all
things
,
like
a
stag
that
had
beene
latelie
chased
,
which
mistrusteth
euerie
noise
:
but
at
the
last
,
he
with
his
brother
Howel
fell
into
the
hands
of
Caradoc
ap
Gruffyth
,
who
slue
them
both
in
reuenge
of
the
death
of
the
wise
and
noble
prince
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
.
At
this
time
,
Sulien
Archbishop
of
S.
Dauids
did
forsake
his
Bishopricke
,
and
Abraham
was
chosen
Bishop
in
his
place
.
In
the
yeare
1077.
1077
Rees
the
soone
of
Theodor
,
the
sonne
of
Eneon
,
the
sonne
of
Owen
,
the
sonne
of
Howel
Dha
,
as
right
inheritour
to
the
kingdome
of
Southwales
claimed
the
same
,
and
the
people
receiued
him
with
much
ioie
,
&
made
him
their
prince
.
The
next
yeare
after
,
Meneuia
was
all
spoiled
and
destroied
by
strangers
,
and
Abraham
the
Bishop
died
,
after
whose
death
Sulien
was
compelled
to
take
the
Bishopricke
againe
.
In
the
yeare
folowing
,
Gruffyth
the
sonne
of
Conan
did
bring
a
great
armie
of
Irishmen
and
Scots
into
Wales
,
and
ioined
with
Rees
ap
Theodor
,
as
two
right
heires
of
the
whole
countrie
:
Gruffyth
of
Northwales
,
and
Rees
of
Southwales
;
descending
both
linealie
fró
Roderike
the
great
,
against
whom
came
Trahaern
ap
Caradoc
,
and
Caradoc
Gruffyth
and
Mailyr
,
the
sons
of
Rywalhon
ap
Gwyn
his
coosen
germanes
(
for
Gwyn
ap
Blethyn
was
their
grandfather
)
who
in
those
daies
were
the
chiefe
rulers
of
all
Wales
.
And
after
they
had
met
at
the
mountains
of
Carno
,
they
fought
a
cruell
battell
,
and
were
the
more
eger
,
bicause
vpon
that
daies
worke
laie
the
liues
&
honor
of
either
partie
.
But
at
the
length
the
victorie
fell
to
Gruffyth
and
Rees
,
and
Trahaern
with
his
coosens
were
all
slaine
,
and
the
most
part
of
their
people
:
then
the
kingdomes
of
Wales
came
vnder
the
rule
of
the
right
heires
againe
.
At
this
time
also
a
noble
man
of
Wales
called
Vrgeney
ap
Sitsylht
was
slaine
by
the
sons
of
Rees
Sais
,
which
is
to
saie
Rees
the
Englishman
;
for
so
they
vsed
to
name
all
such
as
had
serued
in
England
,
&
could
speake
the
English
toong
.
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
.
Gruffyth
the
sonne
of
Conan
.
Io.
Castor
.
This
Thrustan
comming
from
Rome
,
brought
with
him
a
new
kind
of
note
for
the
ordinarie
seruice
of
the
church
,
which
he
would
haue
had
his
moonks
to
vse
in
their
dailie
seruice
:
but
they
not
willing
to
change
their
old
Mumpsimus
for
his
new
Sumpsimus
(
as
the
priest
said
to
the
Bishop
of
his
masse
)
did
stoutlie
withstand
their
Abbot
,
and
thereof
came
this
moonkish
brall
,
wherein
these
thrée
moonks
were
slaine
,
and
eightéene
more
hurt
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
17.
About
this
time
,
or
not
long
after
,
the
sepulchre
of
Walwey
,
king
Arthurs
sisters
sonne
,
was
found
vpon
the
sea
shore
in
the
countrie
of
Ros:
the
bodie
by
estimation
,
vpon
viewing
of
the
bones
,
was
thought
to
be
xiiij
.
foote
in
length
.
Io.
Castor
.
Walwey
in
his
life
time
was
a
right
noble
and
valiant
warriour
,
of
verie
good
reputation
,
who
ruled
that
countrie
,
which
to
this
daie
of
him
is
called
Walwethay
.
And
this
yeare
Sulien
forsooke
his
Bishoprike
the
second
time
,
and
Wylfred
was
stalled
in
his
place
.
At
this
time
also
the
towne
of
Caerdyff
was
built
.
In
the
yeare
1087.
1087
William
Bastard
king
of
all
Brytaine
and
Duke
of
Normandie
died
,
when
he
had
left
neuer
a
noble
man
of
English
bloud
within
England
,
but
had
robbed
,
spoiled
and
slaine
or
banished
them
all
,
Io.
Castor
.
and
giuen
their
lands
to
his
owne
men
:
for
God
had
brought
in
the
Normanes
to
reuenge
his
anger
vpon
the
Angles
and
Saxons
,
which
Normanes
were
counted
the
cruellest
people
in
the
world
:
for
euer
when
they
had
brought
their
enimies
to
subiection
,
that
they
were
not
able
to
rebell
against
them
,
they
commonlie
destroied
one
another
,
and
so
euer
exercised
their
crueltie
vpon
themselues
;
as
it
appeared
in
England
,
Normandie
,
Apulia
,
Calabria
,
Sicilia
,
&
Antiochia
,
which
countries
they
brought
to
their
subiection
.
Iohn
Rous.
Io.
Cast.
It
is
noted
also
by
Iohn
Rous
and
Castoreus
,
that
no
Englishman
bare
office
of
anie
credit
or
countenance
in
the
Conquerours
daies
:
and
that
it
was
counted
a
great
reproch
and
shame
for
a
noble
man
or
gentleman
to
be
called
an
Englishman
,
or
to
ioine
in
affinitie
by
mariage
with
the
English
nation
,
they
hated
them
so
sore
;
whereby
it
appéereth
,
that
all
the
ancient
noble
men
,
and
gentlemen
within
this
land
,
are
descended
either
from
the
Normans
and
French
,
or
from
the
Brytaines
.
When
William
had
obtained
full
possession
of
the
realme
,
Iohn
Rous.
he
appointed
&
ordeined
such
officers
as
spoiled
the
whole
land
by
colour
of
iustice
:
Matt.
Paris
.
H.
Hunt.
yet
he
brought
the
land
in
such
awe
of
him
,
that
a
child
might
haue
caried
gold
openlie
through
all
England
without
danger
of
theeues
,
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
9.
for
all
such
oftenders
lost
their
hands
:
and
if
anie
man
forced
anie
woman
,
he
should
lose
his
stones
.
This
William
left
England
to
William
Rufus
his
sonne
,
and
Normandie
to
his
eldest
sonne
Robert
,
and
his
treasure
he
gaue
to
Henrie
his
third
sonne
.
The
same
yeare
all
the
sons
of
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
sometimes
king
of
Wales
,
gathered
their
strength
together
against
Rees
ap
Tewdor
,
who
not
being
able
to
meete
with
them
,
fled
to
Ireland
,
and
there
he
purchased
himselfe
great
freends
,
and
got
an
armie
of
Irishmen
and
Scots
,
to
whom
he
promised
great
towards
,
when
he
should
obtaine
his
kingdome
,
and
so
landed
in
Southwales
with
these
strangers
.
Which
when
his
freends
hard
of
,
they
drew
to
him
,
&
the
other
came
in
all
hast
,
thinking
to
fight
with
him
before
his
power
should
increase
,
and
at
Lhechryd
they
gaue
him
battell
,
where
they
were
discomfited
,
and
two
of
the
brethren
slaine
,
to
wit
Madoc
and
Riryd
,
and
the
other
fled
,
and
forsooke
the
countrie
.
As
soone
as
Rees
was
in
quiet
possession
of
his
kingdome
,
he
sent
home
his
strangers
with
great
rewards
.
About
this
time
,
the
shrine
of
S.
Dauid
was
stolne
out
of
the
church
,
and
when
all
the
iewels
and
treasures
were
taken
away
,
the
shrine
was
left
where
it
might
be
found
againe
.
The
Normanes
rebelled
against
the
king
in
diuers
places
at
one
time
:
for
Odo
Bishop
of
Bayon
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
18.
chiefe
gouernour
of
England
,
began
the
rebellion
in
Kent
,
and
burned
the
kings
townes
:
so
did
Roger
lord
Mortimer
at
Peuenest
.
Bishop
Galfride
destroied
Bath
and
Berklay
,
Roger
did
his
indeuour
in
Northfolke
and
Southfolke
,
Hugh
in
Leycester
and
Northamptonshires
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Durham
was
not
behind
in
his
quarter
.
Likewise
the
Earles
of
Hereford
and
Shrewesburie
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
19.
with
the
Welshmen
,
burned
all
Worcestershire
and
Glocestershire
,
to
the
gates
of
Worcester
.
Then
the
king
gathered
his
strength
together
,
and
promising
the
people
their
ancient
liberties
,
proceeded
towards
his
enimies
,
and
first
wanne
the
castell
of
Tynbridge
,
and
after
besieged
Odo
,
and
Roger
Mortimer
in
the
castell
of
Peuenest
vj.
weekes
,
at
which
time
his
brother
Robert
came
with
an
armie
from
Normandie
,
and
would
haue
landed
,
but
he
was
driuen
backe
by
such
as
kept
the
sea
coastes
.
Then
Odo
yeelded
Peuenest
to
the
king
,
&
promised
to
depart
the
land
,
&
so
did
.
Afterwards
the
king
wan
the
castell
of
Rochester
,
and
lead
his
armie
to
Durham
,
&
tooke
it
,
and
banished
all
his
enimies
the
land
.
In
the
yeare
1088
there
was
a
terrible
earthquake
through
all
the
land
:
&
the
yeare
folowing
died
Sulien
,
the
godliest
&
wisest
man
,
and
the
greatest
clerke
in
all
Wales
,
being
80.
yeares
old
.
About
this
time
certeine
strangers
,
which
were
rouers
vpon
the
seas
,
landed
at
S.
Dauids
,
and
robbed
it
,
and
burned
the
towne
.
At
which
time
also
Cadiuor
the
sonne
of
Calhoyn
lord
of
Dyuet
died
:
whose
sonnes
Lhewelyn
and
Eneon
mooued
Gruffyth
the
sonne
of
Meredyth
to
make
warre
against
their
lord
&
prince
Rees
ap
Theodor
,
and
so
ioining
all
their
strength
togither
,
came
against
him
to
Lhandydoch
,
where
Rees
was
,
who
gaue
them
battell
,
and
putting
them
to
flight
,
pursued
them
so
sore
,
that
he
tooke
Gruffyth
ap
Meredyth
and
put
him
to
death
.
But
Eneon
sonne
to
Cadiuor
ap
Colhoyn
,
fled
to
Iestyn
lord
of
Morgannwc
,
(
who
likewise
rebelled
against
Rees
ap
Theodor
)
and
promised
vpon
condition
to
haue
Iestyns
daughter
in
mariage
,
and
certaine
other
couenants
then
agreed
vpon
betweene
them
,
to
bring
to
their
succours
an
armie
of
Normanes
,
for
he
had
serued
in
England
before
,
and
was
well
knowen
&
acquainted
with
all
the
English
nobilitie
;
which
things
being
thus
concluded
,
they
were
fully
minded
to
be
reuenged
vpon
Rees
.
1090
And
so
Eneon
went
to
England
,
Robert
Fitzhamon
.
&
wrought
such
means
,
that
he
procured
Robert
Fitzhamon
,
with
twelue
other
knights
,
to
gather
a
great
armie
of
Frenchmen
or
Normanes
to
come
to
their
aid
,
who
shortlie
after
landed
in
Glamorganshire
,
where
Iestyn
ap
Gurgant
lord
of
the
land
receiued
them
with
much
honor
,
and
ioining
his
power
to
theirs
,
burned
&
spoiled
prince
Rees
his
land
,
&
destroied
his
people
.
Which
thing
being
declared
to
Rees
,
grieued
him
sore
,
wherevpon
he
suddenlie
gathered
his
power
and
met
them
,
Ran.
Cest.
lib.
7.
cap.
7.
Marianu●
Scotus
.
not
far
from
Brechnock
,
where
after
a
terrible
fight
he
was
slaine
,
with
whome
fell
and
decaied
the
kingdome
of
Southwales
.
This
Rees
had
by
his
wife
the
daughter
of
Rywalhon
ap
Convyn
,
a
sonne
called
Gruffyth
,
who
at
his
fathers
death
was
but
a
verie
child
,
and
one
Grono
that
was
in
the
kings
prison
.
These
Normanes
,
after
they
had
receiued
their
promised
salarie
and
great
rewards
of
Iestyn
,
returned
to
their
ships
.
When
Eneon
burthened
Iestyn
with
the
promise
of
his
daughter
in
mariage
,
Iestyn
laughed
him
to
scorne
,
and
told
him
that
he
would
bestow
his
daughter
otherwise
:
wherevpon
Eneon
full
of
anger
and
despite
folowed
the
Normanes
.
And
when
he
came
to
the
shoare
,
they
were
all
a
shipboard
;
then
he
shouted
to
them
,
and
made
a
signe
with
his
cloake
to
call
them
backe
,
and
they
turned
againe
to
know
his
meaning
.
Then
he
went
to
the
chiefest
of
them
,
and
shewed
of
his
abuse
at
Iestyns
hands
:
declaring
withall
,
how
easie
it
was
for
them
to
winne
that
faire
and
pleasant
countrie
from
Iestyn
,
whome
for
his
treason
to
Rees
none
other
prince
of
Wales
would
succour
:
wherevnto
they
were
easilie
persuaded
,
and
so
vngratefullie
turned
all
their
power
against
him
,
for
whose
defense
they
had
come
thither
,
and
at
whose
hands
they
had
beene
well
intertained
,
and
recompensed
with
rich
gifts
and
great
rewards
.
And
first
they
spoiled
him
of
his
countrie
,
who
mistrusted
them
not
,
and
tooke
all
the
fertile
and
valey
ground
to
themselues
,
and
left
the
barren
and
rough
mountaines
to
Eneon
for
his
part
.
The
names
of
those
twelue
knights
that
came
and
accompanied
Robert
Fitzhamon
,
were
these
:
Londres
or
London
,
as
the
Brytish
booke
nameth
him
;
Stradlyng
,
S.
Iohn
,
Turberuile
,
Grenuile
,
Humffreuile
,
S.
Quintine
,
Soore
,
Sully
,
Berkeroll
,
Syward
,
and
Fleming
.
These
men
and
their
heires
haue
enioied
that
countrie
to
this
daie
,
who
were
the
first
strangers
that
euer
inhabited
Wales
,
since
the
time
of
Camber
.
The
historie
of
the
winning
of
Glamorgan
,
in
maner
agréeing
with
this
author
,
is
particularlie
set
in
writing
by
some
skilfull
and
studious
Gentleman
of
that
countrie
,
wherein
he
continueth
not
onelie
the
vse
and
possession
of
the
same
Lordship
in
the
heires
of
those
noble
men
,
which
wan
it
;
but
also
sheweth
their
progenie
and
issues
euen
to
our
time
.
The
copie
whereof
being
deliuered
vnto
me
by
the
right
worshipfull
Mistres
Blanch
Parry
,
(
one
of
the
Gentlewomen
of
the
Quéenes
Maiesties
priuie
chamber
,
a
singular
well
willer
and
furtherer
of
the
weale
publike
of
that
countrie
,
)
I
thought
good
héere
to
insert
,
as
followeth
.
The
winning
of
the
Lordship
of
Glamorgan
or
Morgannwc
out
of
the
Welshmens
hands
,
and
first
of
the
description
of
the
same
Lordship
.
IN
primis
,
the
said
Lordship
in
length
from
Rymny
bridge
on
the
east
side
,
to
Pwlh
Conan
on
the
west
side
,
is
27.
miles
.
The
breadth
thereof
from
the
hauen
of
Aburthaw
alias
Aberdaon
,
on
the
southside
,
to
the
confines
of
Brechnock
shire
,
aboue
Morleys
castell
,
is
22.
miles
.
Item
the
same
Lordship
,
being
a
Lordship
Marcher
,
or
a
Lordship
roiall
,
and
holden
of
no
other
Lordship
,
the
Lords
euer
sithence
the
winning
of
the
same
,
owing
their
obedience
onelie
to
the
crowne
,
haue
vsed
therein
Iura
regalia
:
that
is
,
the
triall
of
all
actions
,
as
well
reall
as
personall
,
with
plées
of
the
crowne
,
and
authoritie
to
pardon
all
offenses
,
treason
onelie
excepted
.
Item
there
were
xj
.
Lordships
,
to
wit
,
Senghennyth
,
Myskyn
,
Ruthin
,
Lhanblethian
,
Tir
Iarlh
,
Glyn
Rothney
,
Auan
,
Neth
,
Coyty
,
Talauan
and
Lhantuit
,
alias
,
Bouiarton
,
that
were
members
of
the
said
Lordship
of
Glamorgan
.
In
euerie
of
the
members
were
the
like
Iura
regalia
vsed
in
all
things
,
sauing
that
if
anie
wrong
iudgement
were
giuen
in
anie
of
the
courts
of
the
said
members
,
it
should
be
reuersed
by
a
writ
of
false
iudgement
in
the
countie
court
of
Glamorgan
,
as
superiour
court
to
the
same
members
.
Also
all
matters
of
conscience
happening
in
debate
in
anie
of
the
said
members
,
should
be
heard
and
determined
in
the
chancerie
of
Glamorgan
,
before
the
Chancellor
thereof
.
Item
,
the
bodie
of
the
said
Lordship
of
Glamorgan
,
was
(
before
the
alteration
of
the
lawes
in
Wales
)
a
countie
of
it selfe
:
wherein
the
Lord
had
two
castels
,
and
thrée
market
townes
,
to
wit
,
the
castell
and
towne
of
Kynfigs
alias
Kefnffigen
,
in
the
west
part
thereof
,
and
Cowbridge
towne
,
alias
Pont
vaen
,
in
the
middest
.
And
the
towne
and
castell
of
Cardyff
,
or
Caer-Dhydh
in
the
east
part
,
in
which
castell
of
Cardyff
,
the
Lord
did
most
inhabit
;
and
therein
he
had
his
Chancerie
and
Exchequer
,
and
a
faire
court
house
,
wherein
the
Countie
court
was
monthlie
kept
on
the
mondaie
for
all
the
suters
of
the
Sherffée
,
that
is
,
of
the
bodie
of
the
said
Lordship
it selfe
,
without
the
said
members
.
Item
,
within
the
said
Sherffée
,
or
bodie
of
the
said
Lordship
,
were
18.
castels
,
and
36.
knights
fées
and
an
halfe
,
that
held
of
the
said
Lordship
of
Glamorgan
by
knights
seruice
,
besides
a
great
number
of
fréeholders
.
Item
,
in
eight
of
the
said
members
were
ten
castels
,
and
foure
borough
townes
.
Item
,
the
annuall
reuenewes
of
the
said
Lordship
,
with
the
members
,
The
value
of
the
Segniorie
,
before
the
purchase
thereof
.
was
one
thousand
markes
,
whereof
was
allowed
in
fées
400.
markes
;
of
the
which
members
aforesaid
,
maister
Iohn
Gamage
Esquier
occupieth
one
at
this
daie
,
descended
vnto
him
from
the
Turberuiles
his
ancestors
,
that
is
to
wit
,
the
Lordship
of
Coytie
:
and
the
heire
of
Iohn
Basset
enioieth
an
other
,
to
wit
,
the
Lordship
of
Talauan
,
by
purchase
from
king
Edward
the
sixt
.
The
other
nine
members
,
with
foure
of
the
foresaid
knights
fées
,
&
all
the
castels
,
market
townes
,
and
borough
townes
,
with
the
demeanes
of
the
same
;
and
all
the
lands
that
were
in
the
Lords
hands
,
parcell
of
the
said
Lordship
,
and
members
,
The
value
of
the
Segniorie
now
.
the
Earle
of
Penbroke
hath
purchased
.
So
that
there
remaineth
now
to
the
segniorie
of
the
said
Lordship
of
Glamorgan
(
being
in
the
Quéenes
Maiesties
hands
)
but
the
moitie
onelie
of
the
manour
of
Dynaspowys
,
of
the
value
of
xxvj
.
pounds
by
the
yeare
.
The
maner
of
the
winning
of
the
said
Lordship
.
1091
IN
the
yeare
of
our
Lord
1091.
and
in
the
fourth
yeare
of
the
reigne
of
King
William
Rufus
,
one
Iestyn
the
sonne
of
Gungant
,
being
Lord
of
the
said
Lordship
of
Glamorgan
,
Rees
ap
Theodoc
Prince
of
Southwales
,
that
is
,
of
Caermarthyne
shire
,
and
Caerdigan
shire
,
made
warre
vpon
him
,
Wherevpon
the
said
Iestyn
,
vnderstanding
himselfe
vnable
to
withstand
the
said
Rees
without
some
aid
otherwise
,
sent
one
Eneon
,
a
Gentleman
of
his
,
to
England
,
to
one
Robertus
Fitzhamon
,
a
worthie
man
,
and
knight
of
the
priuie
chamber
with
the
said
King
,
to
retaine
him
for
his
succor
.
The
which
Robert
,
being
desirous
to
exercise
himselfe
in
the
feates
of
warre
,
agréed
soone
with
him
thereto
for
a
salarie
to
him
granted
for
the
same
.
Wherevpon
the
said
Robert
Fitzhamon
retained
to
his
seruice
for
the
said
iorney
,
twelue
knights
,
and
a
competent
number
of
soldiours
,
and
went
into
Wales
,
and
ioining
there
with
the
power
of
the
said
Iestyn
,
fought
with
the
said
Rees
ap
Tewdor
,
and
killed
him
,
and
one
Conan
his
sonne
.
After
which
victorie
,
the
said
Robert
Fitzhamon
,
minding
to
returne
home
againe
with
his
companie
,
demanded
his
salarie
to
him
due
of
the
said
Iestyn
,
according
to
the
couenants
and
promises
agréed
vpon
betwéene
him
and
the
aforesaid
Eneon
,
on
the
behalfe
of
the
said
Iestyn
his
maister
.
The
which
to
performe
in
all
points
,
the
said
Iestyn
denied
:
and
therevpon
they
fell
out
,
so
that
it
came
to
be
tried
by
battell
.
And
forsomuch
as
the
said
Eneon
sawe
his
maister
go
from
diuers
articles
and
promises
,
that
he
had
willed
him
to
conclude
with
the
said
Robert
Fitzhamon
,
on
his
behalfe
,
he
forsooke
his
maister
,
and
tooke
part
,
he
&
his
fréends
,
with
the
said
Robert
Fitzhamon
.
In
the
which
conflict
,
the
said
Iestyn
with
a
great
number
of
his
men
were
slaine
:
whereby
the
said
Robert
Fitzhamon
wan
the
peaceable
possession
of
the
whole
Lordship
of
Glamorgan
,
with
the
members
,
of
the
which
he
gaue
certaine
castels
and
manours
,
in
reward
of
seruice
,
to
the
said
twelue
knights
,
and
to
other
his
Gentlemen
.
¶
The
Names
and
Sirnames
of
the
said
twelue
Knights
were
these
.
-
1
WIlliam
de
Londres
,
alias
London
.
-
2
Richardus
de
Grana
villa
,
alias
Greenfeeld
.
-
3
Paganus
de
Turberuile
.
-
4
Robertus
de
S.
Quintino
,
alias
S.
Quintine
.
-
5
Richardus
de
Syward
.
-
6
Gilbertus
de
Humfreuile
.
-
7
Rogerus
de
Berkrolles
.
-
8
Reginaldus
de
Sully
.
-
9
Peter
le
Soore
.
-
10
Iohannes
le
Fleming
.
-
11
Oliuerus
de
S.
Iohn
,
a
yoonger
brother
of
the
Lord
S.
Iohn
of
Basing
.
-
12
William
le
Esterling
,
whose
ancestors
came
out
of
Danske
to
England
with
the
Danes
,
and
is
now
by
shortnesse
of
spèech
called
Stradling
.
¶
The
parcels
giuen
by
the
said
Robert
Fitzhamon
,
to
the
said
twelue
Knights
and
others
,
in
reward
of
seruice
.
IN
primis
,
to
the
said
William
de
Londres
,
the
said
Robert
Fitzhamon
gaue
the
castell
and
manour
of
Ogmor
,
Ogmor
.
being
foure
knights
fées
;
now
parcell
of
the
possessions
of
the
dutchie
of
Lancaster
.
Item
to
the
forenamed
sir
Richard
Greenfeeld
,
he
gaue
the
castell
and
lordship
of
Neth
,
Neth
.
being
one
of
the
members
aforesaid
;
and
now
parcell
of
the
possessions
of
the
Kight
honorable
the
Earle
of
Penbroke
.
Item
to
sir
Paine
Turberuile
,
he
gaue
the
castell
and
lordship
of
Coyty
,
Coyty
.
being
another
of
the
said
members
:
and
now
parcell
of
the
possessions
of
M.
Iohn
Gamage
esquire
.
Item
to
sir
Robert
S.
Quintine
,
he
gaue
the
castell
and
lordship
of
Lhan
Blethyan
,
Lhan
Blethyan
.
being
another
of
the
said
members
:
and
now
parcell
of
the
possessions
of
S.
William
Herbert
of
Swansey
knight
.
Item
to
sir
Richard
Syward
,
he
gaue
the
castell
and
lordship
of
Talauan
,
Talauan
.
being
another
of
the
said
members
:
and
now
parcell
of
the
possessions
of
Anthonie
Maunsell
esquire
.
Item
to
sir
Gilbert
Humfreuile
,
he
gaue
the
castell
and
manour
of
Penmarke
,
Penmarke
.
being
thrée
knights
fées
:
now
parcell
of
the
possessions
of
the
Right
honorable
Lord
saint
Iohn
of
Bledso
.
Item
to
sir
Reginald
de
Sully
,
he
gaue
the
castell
and
manor
of
Sully
,
Sully
.
so
since
called
after
his
name
,
being
two
knights
fées
:
now
diuided
betwixt
the
Earle
of
Penbroke
,
and
the
lord
S.
Iohn
of
Bledso
.
Item
to
sir
Roger
Berkrolles
,
he
gaue
the
manour
of
East
Orchard
,
East
Orchard
.
being
one
knights
fée
:
now
parcell
of
the
possessions
of
S.
William
Herbert
of
Swansey
.
Item
to
sir
Peter
le
Soore
,
he
gaue
the
castell
and
manour
of
Peterton
,
Peterton
.
so
now
called
after
his
name
,
being
one
knights
fée
:
now
parcell
of
the
possessions
of
the
Earle
of
Penbroke
.
Item
to
sir
Iohn
Fleming
he
gaue
the
castell
and
manour
of
S.
George
,
S.
George
.
being
one
knights
fée
:
and
holden
of
his
posteritie
the
Flemings
to
this
daie
.
Item
to
sir
Iohn
S.
Iohn
he
gaue
the
castell
and
manour
of
Fonmon
or
Fenuon
,
Fonmon
.
being
one
knights
fée
:
and
now
parcell
of
the
possessions
of
the
Lord
S.
Iohn
of
Bledso
.
Item
to
sir
William
le
Esterling
alias
Stradling
,
he
gaue
the
castell
and
manour
of
S.
Donats
,
S.
Donats
.
or
S.
Denwit
,
being
one
knights
fée
:
now
parcell
of
the
possessions
of
sir
Edward
Stradling
knight
that
now
is
.
Sum.
Foure
Lordships
Members
,
and
xiiij
.
Knights
fees
.
ITem
he
gaue
to
the
aforesaid
,
Eneon
that
tooke
his
part
,
the
Lordship
of
Senghennyth
,
being
an
other
of
the
said
members
.
Item
he
gaue
the
castell
and
Lordship
of
Auan
,
an
other
of
the
said
members
,
to
Caradoc
Fitz
Iestyn
,
the
eldest
sonne
of
the
said
Iestyn
.
Item
he
gaue
the
Lordship
of
Ruthyn
,
an
other
of
the
said
members
,
to
another
sonne
of
the
said
Iestyn
.
Item
the
rest
of
the
foresaid
Knights
fées
being
22.
and
an
halfe
,
he
distributed
part
to
Gentlemen
that
serued
him
,
and
part
to
the
Welshmen
right
owners
of
the
same
.
¶
The
Portion
that
the
Lord
kept
for
himselfe
and
his
Heires
.
THe
castell
of
Cardyff
and
Kenfigg
,
with
the
foresaid
thrée
market
townes
of
Cardyff
,
Kenfigg
and
Cowbrige
,
and
the
Sherfée
,
being
the
bodie
of
the
said
Lordship
of
Glamorgan
,
and
all
the
demeanes
of
the
same
,
with
the
rest
of
the
said
members
;
to
wit
,
Miskyn
,
Glynrothney
,
Tyr
Iarl
,
and
Boviarton
,
alias
Lentwit
:
and
the
chéefe
seigniorie
of
the
whole
,
the
said
Robert
Fitzhamon
kept
to
himselfe
.
And
in
the
said
Lordship
of
Boviarton
he
had
a
large
graunge
or
house
of
husbandrie
,
with
lands
to
the
same
belonging
,
that
serued
him
for
the
prouision
of
corne
to
his
house
.
He
dwelt
himselfe
most
in
the
said
castell
or
towne
of
Cardyff
,
being
a
faire
hauen
towne
.
And
bicause
he
would
haue
the
aforesaid
twelue
Knights
and
their
heires
giue
attendance
vpon
him
euerie
Countie
daie
,
(
which
was
alwaies
kept
by
the
Sherife
in
the
vtter
ward
of
the
said
castell
on
the
Mondaie
monethlie
as
is
before
said
)
he
gaue
euerie
one
of
them
a
lodging
within
the
said
vtter
ward
,
the
which
their
heires
,
or
those
that
purchased
the
same
of
their
heires
,
doo
enioie
at
this
daie
.
Also
the
morow
after
the
Countie
daie
,
being
the
tuesdaie
,
the
Lord
his
Chancellor
sate
alwaies
in
the
Chancerie
there
,
for
the
determining
of
matters
of
conscience
in
strife
,
happening
as
well
in
the
said
Sherfée
as
in
the
members
:
the
which
daie
also
,
the
said
Knights
vsed
to
giue
attendance
vpon
the
Lord
:
and
the
wednesdaie
euerie
man
drew
homeward
,
and
then
began
the
courts
of
the
members
to
be
kept
in
order
,
one
after
another
.
¶
The
Petegree
of
Robert
Fitzhamon
,
and
of
his
heires
,
Lords
of
Glamorgan
.
Some
doo
affirme
that
he
was
lord
of
Astreuile
in
Normandie
.
THe
said
Robert
Fitzhamon
,
was
sonne
to
Hamon
a
great
Lord
and
kinseman
of
William
the
Conquerour
,
who
came
into
the
realme
with
him
.
This
Robert
(
as
is
before
said
)
was
knight
of
the
priuie
chamber
with
king
William
Rufus
:
who
(
as
it
appeareth
in
the
Chronicles
)
dreamed
the
night
before
the
king
was
killed
,
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
21.
I.
Castor
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
72.
that
he
saw
the
king
torne
in
péeces
by
Woolues
:
and
therefore
,
by
his
persuasion
he
willed
the
king
,
to
forbeare
to
go
abroade
that
forenoone
.
But
the
king
,
when
he
had
dined
,
there
was
no
man
able
to
staie
him
,
but
that
he
would
ride
foorth
a
hunting
into
the
new
Forrest
,
where
he
was
slaine
by
Walter
Tyrrell
,
by
the
glansing
of
his
arrow
shooting
at
a
red
déere
.
Mawd
the
onelie
daughter
and
heire
of
the
said
Robert
,
was
married
to
Robert
Earle
of
Glocester
,
base
son
to
king
Henrie
the
first
.
William
Earle
of
Glocester
sonne
to
the
said
Robert
and
Mawd
,
died
without
issue
male
,
leauing
behind
him
thrée
daughters
:
of
the
which
Isabel
the
eldest
was
married
to
king
Iohn
,
then
Earle
of
Oxenford
and
Lancaster
,
(
as
some
Chronicles
doo
declare
)
who
so
soone
as
he
was
made
king
was
diuorced
from
hir
.
And
then
she
was
maried
to
Geffrey
Mandeuile
Earle
of
Essex
,
and
died
without
issue
,
as
far
as
I
can
find
.
The
second
daughter
named
Amicia
,
was
married
to
Sir
Gilbart
de
Clare
,
then
Earle
of
Clare
,
by
whome
he
had
the
Earledome
of
Glocester
.
And
Mabil
the
third
daughter
was
maried
to
the
Earle
of
Eureux
.
Sir
Gilbart
de
Clare
,
sonne
to
the
said
Gilbart
,
was
the
fourth
Earle
of
Glocester
.
Sir
Richard
de
Clare
his
sonne
was
the
fift
Earle
.
Sir
Gilbart
his
sonne
was
the
sixt
Earle
.
Sir
Gilbart
his
sonne
,
who
married
Iane
de
Acres
,
daughter
to
king
Edward
the
first
,
was
the
seuenth
Earle
.
Sir
Gilbart
de
Clare
their
sonne
was
the
eight
Earle
,
and
he
was
slaine
by
the
Scots
,
in
king
Edward
the
seconds
time
:
and
then
the
Earldome
fell
betwéene
his
thrée
sisters
.
Of
the
which
Elianor
the
eldest
was
married
to
Hugh
Spencer
the
sonne
,
in
hir
right
Earle
of
Glocester
.
Margaret
the
second
was
married
to
Peires
Gaueston
,
and
after
to
the
Lord
Awdeley
.
Elizabeth
the
third
was
married
first
to
William
Lord
Burgh
Earle
of
Vlster
,
and
after
to
Ralph
Roch
Baron
of
Armoy
in
Ireland
:
she
was
married
the
third
time
to
Theobald
L.
Verdoun
,
and
lastlie
to
Sir
Roger
Damory
,
and
had
issue
by
euerie
one
of
them
.
Sir
Hugh
Spencer
had
to
his
wiues
purpartée
the
said
Lordship
of
Glamorgan
.
Sir
Hugh
Lord
Spencer
their
sonne
enioied
the
same
,
and
died
without
issue
.
Edward
Lord
Spencer
sonne
to
Edward
,
brother
to
the
said
Hugh
,
succéeded
the
said
Hugh
therein
.
Thomas
Lord
Spencer
his
sonne
succéeded
him
.
Richard
Lord
Spencer
his
sonne
,
succéeded
him
and
died
inward
.
Isabell
sister
to
Richard
succéeded
him
,
and
married
with
Richard
Beauchamp
Earle
of
Worcester
,
and
Lord
Burgauenny
,
who
had
issue
by
hir
a
daughter
onelie
,
and
died
.
The
which
daughter
was
married
to
Edward
the
sonne
of
Dawraby
,
Ralph
Neuel
Earle
of
Westmereland
.
And
after
the
death
of
the
said
Earle
of
Worcester
,
she
said
Isabell
married
with
Richard
Beauchamp
,
Earle
of
Warwick
.
Henrie
Beauchamp
Earle
of
Warwick
,
&
after
Duke
of
Warwick
,
their
sonne
died
without
issue
.
Anne
his
sister
of
whole
bloud
succéeded
him
,
and
married
with
Richard
Neuel
after
Earle
of
Salisburie
,
and
in
hir
right
Earle
of
Warwick
:
and
had
issue
two
daughters
,
Marie
married
to
the
Duke
of
Clarence
,
and
Anne
married
first
to
Prince
Edward
slaine
at
Teuxburie
,
and
after
his
death
with
Richard
Duke
of
Glocester
,
who
was
afterward
king
of
England
.
The
said
Anne
and
king
Richard
(
being
then
Duke
of
Glocester
)
had
the
said
lordship
giuen
vnto
them
by
the
said
Anne
,
Countesse
of
Warwick
hir
mother
.
King
Henrie
the
seuenth
enioied
the
same
after
the
death
of
king
Richard.
Iasper
Duke
of
Bedford
enioied
the
same
by
the
gift
of
king
Henrie
the
seuenth
,
and
died
without
issue
:
and
by
reason
thereof
it
remained
to
the
king
againe
.
King
Henrie
the
eight
enioied
the
same
after
his
Father
.
King
Edward
the
sixt
succéeded
him
therein
,
and
sold
almost
all
the
lands
thereof
.
Quéene
Marie
succéeded
him
in
the
Segniorie
.
Queene
Elizabeth
our
most
dread
souereigne
Ladie
that
now
is
,
doth
succéed
hir
in
the
same
Segniorie
,
and
hath
sold
the
Lordship
of
Neth
from
it
:
so
that
now
there
remaine
no
more
lands
appertaining
to
the
Segniorie
,
but
the
moitie
of
the
manour
of
Deinaspowys
onelie
.
¶
The
Petegree
of
Londres
,
Lord
of
Ogmore
,
one
of
the
said
twelue
.
WIlliam
Londres
Lord
of
the
castell
and
manour
of
Ogmore
,
(
as
is
before
said
)
wan
afterwards
the
lordships
of
Kydwelhey
and
Carnewilhion
in
Caermarthen
shire
,
from
the
Welshmen
:
and
gaue
to
sir
Arnold
Butler
his
seruant
the
castell
and
manour
of
Dunreeven
in
the
lordship
of
Ogmore
aforesaid
.
The
which
euer
sithence
hath
continued
in
the
heirs
male
of
the
said
Arnold
Butler
,
vntill
within
these
few
yeares
,
that
it
fell
to
Walter
Vaghan
,
sisters
sonne
to
Arnold
Butler
,
the
last
of
the
Butlers
that
was
owner
thereof
.
Simon
de
Londres
his
sonne
succéeded
him
.
William
de
Londres
succéeded
his
father
Simon
,
and
had
issue
one
sonne
.
Moris
de
Londres
his
sonne
succéeded
him
,
and
had
issue
one
onelie
daughter
.
The
said
daughter
married
with
one
Seward
,
a
man
of
great
possessions
.
They
had
issue
a
daughter
onelie
,
married
to
Henrie
Earle
of
Lancaster
,
brother
to
Thomas
Earle
of
Lancaster
.
Henrie
their
sonne
,
made
afterwards
Duke
of
Lancaster
did
succéed
them
:
and
so
the
said
thrée
Lordships
,
Ogmore
,
Kydwelhey
and
Carnewilhion
,
became
parcels
of
the
duchie
of
Lancaster
euer
after
.
¶
The
Petegree
of
Greenefeeld
.
SIr
Richard
Greenefeeld
before
said
(
to
whom
the
lordship
of
Neth
was
giuen
in
reward
)
was
lord
of
the
castell
and
manour
of
Bydyford
in
Deuonshire
;
at
the
time
he
came
into
Wales
with
the
said
Robert
Fitzhamon
,
and
founded
an
abbaie
of
white
moonkes
in
Neth
,
and
gaue
the
whole
lordship
to
the
maintenance
of
the
same
;
and
then
returned
backe
againe
to
Bydyford
,
whereas
the
issue
male
of
his
bodie
doth
yet
remaine
,
and
enioieth
the
same
.
The
Petegree
of
Turberuile
,
Lord
of
Coyty
.
SIr
Paine
Turberuile
,
Lord
of
Coyty
,
as
is
before
said
.
Sir
Symon
Turberuile
,
succéeded
him
,
and
died
without
issue
.
Sir
Gilbart
Turberuile
,
succéeded
his
brother
.
Sir
Paine
Turberuile
his
sonne
,
succéeded
him
,
and
married
Mawd
,
daughter
and
sole
heire
to
Morgan
Gam
,
one
of
the
nephewes
of
the
aforesaid
Iestyn
.
Sir
Gilbart
their
sonne
,
quartered
Iestyn
his
armes
with
Turberuiles
.
Sir
Gilbart
his
sonne
succéeded
him
.
Sir
Richard
his
sonne
succéeded
him
.
Sir
Paine
his
sonne
succéeded
him
,
who
married
with
Wenlhian
,
daughter
to
Sir
Richard
Talbot
knight
,
and
had
issue
by
hir
,
two
sonnes
,
that
is
to
wit
,
Gilbart
and
Richard
;
and
foure
daughters
,
namelie
,
Catharine
,
Margaret
,
Agnes
,
and
Sara
.
Sir
Gilbart
succéeded
Sir
Paine
his
father
.
Sir
Gilbart
his
sonne
succéeded
him
,
and
died
without
issue
.
Sir
Richard
his
fathers
brother
succéeded
him
,
and
hauing
no
issue
,
entailed
the
Lordship
of
Coity
to
the
heires
male
of
Sir
Roger
Berkerolles
,
knight
.
Sir
Roger
Berkerolles
knight
,
sonne
to
Sir
William
Berkerolles
knight
,
and
Phelice
his
wife
,
one
of
the
daughters
of
Veere
Earle
of
Oxenford
,
which
said
Sir
Roger
had
married
Catharine
,
the
eldest
sister
of
the
said
Sir
Richard.
And
for
default
of
such
issue
,
the
remainder
to
the
heires
male
of
Sir
Richard
Stakpoole
knight
,
who
married
with
Margaret
,
second
sister
of
the
said
Richard.
And
for
default
of
such
issue
,
the
remainder
to
the
heires
of
Sir
Iohn
de
la
Beare
,
knight
,
and
Agnes
his
wife
,
the
third
sister
to
the
said
Richard.
And
for
lacke
of
such
issue
male
,
the
remainder
to
the
heires
male
of
William
Gamage
,
and
of
Sara
his
wife
,
the
fourth
sister
to
the
said
Sir
Richard
Turberuile
.
The
said
Berkrolles
,
Stakepoole
and
De
la
Beare
,
died
without
issue
male
,
by
reason
whereof
,
after
the
death
of
sir
Laurence
Berkerolles
,
knight
,
sonne
to
the
said
sir
Roger
,
and
Catharine
,
his
wife
;
the
said
Lordship
fell
to
sir
William
Gamage
,
sonne
to
Gilbert
,
sonne
to
the
foresaid
William
Gamage
,
and
Sara
.
The
said
William
,
was
sonne
to
sir
Robert
Gamage
knight
,
sonne
to
Paine
Gamage
,
Lord
of
the
manour
of
Rogiade
,
in
the
countie
of
Monmowth
.
The
foresaid
sir
William
had
issue
Thomas
,
Thomas
had
issue
Iohn
,
Iohn
had
issue
Morgan
,
Morgan
had
issue
sir
Thomas
Gamage
knight
;
and
Margaret
,
wife
to
Ienkin
Thomas
;
and
Anne
,
wife
to
Robert
Raglan
;
and
Catharine
,
wife
to
Reginald
ap
Howel
;
and
Wenlhian
,
wife
to
Thomas
ap
Meyric
.
The
said
sir
Thomas
Gamage
had
issue
,
Robert
Gamage
,
that
late
was
;
Catharine
his
eldest
daughter
,
wife
to
sir
Thomas
Stradling
knight
;
Marie
the
second
daughter
,
wife
to
Matthew
Herebert
;
Margaret
the
third
daughter
,
wife
to
the
Lord
William
Howard
;
and
Elizabeth
the
fourth
daughter
,
wife
to
Richard
Hogan
,
of
Penbrooke
shire
,
esquier
.
The
said
Robert
Gamage
had
issue
,
Iohn
Gamage
,
that
now
is
.
Sole
heire
generall
to
the
said
sir
Roger
Berkrolles
,
knight
,
and
Catharine
,
one
of
the
foure
sisters
,
and
heires
generall
to
the
aforesaid
sir
Richard
Turberuile
,
knight
,
is
sir
Edward
Stradling
knight
,
that
now
is
.
Sole
heire
generall
to
the
said
sir
Richard
Stakepoole
,
of
Penbrooke
shire
,
and
Margaret
his
wife
,
another
of
the
foure
sisters
,
and
heires
generall
to
the
said
sir
Richard
Turberuile
knight
,
is
sir
George
Vernon
knight
.
Heires
generall
to
the
said
sir
Iohn
de
la
Beare
knight
,
and
Agnes
his
wife
,
an
other
of
the
foure
sisters
,
and
heirs
generall
of
the
said
sir
Richard
Turberuile
knight
;
are
Oliuer
S.
Iohn
,
Lord
S.
Iohn
of
Bledso
,
and
William
Basset
of
Glamorgan
esquier
,
that
now
is
.
Iohn
Gamage
,
esquier
that
now
is
,
is
as
well
heire
generall
lineallie
descended
from
Sara
the
fourth
sister
,
and
heire
to
the
said
sir
Richard
Turberuile
knight
,
as
also
heire
by
the
entaile
aforesaid
,
to
the
whole
Lordship
of
Coyty
.
¶
Robert
de
S.
Quintine
,
his
Petegree
.
SIr
Robert
de
S.
Quintine
,
to
whom
the
lordship
of
Lhanblethian
was
giuen
;
and
his
issue
male
enioied
the
same
,
vntill
king
Henrie
the
third
his
time
.
And
then
,
or
in
short
time
after
,
his
issue
male
failed
,
of
whome
is
descended
sir
William
Parr
,
late
Marques
of
Northampton
.
¶
Richard
de
Syward
,
his
Petegree
.
SIr
Richard
Syward
,
to
whom
the
lordship
of
Talauan
was
giuen
;
and
his
issue
male
enioied
the
same
,
vntill
king
Edward
the
thirds
time
:
at
which
time
the
heires
thereof
hauing
other
lands
in
Somersetshire
,
sold
the
said
lordship
to
the
Lord
Spencer
,
then
Lord
of
Glamorgan
,
and
went
into
Somersetshire
to
dwell
there
,
where
his
issue
male
continueth
yet
.
¶
Gilbert
de
Humfreuile
,
his
Petegree
.
SIr
Gilbert
Humfreuile
aforesaid
,
to
whome
the
castell
and
manour
of
Penmarke
was
giuen
;
and
his
issue
male
enioied
the
same
,
till
the
said
king
Edward
the
thirds
time
:
and
then
the
inheritance
of
the
said
castell
and
manour
descended
to
sir
Iohn
S.
Iohn
of
Fonmon
knight
,
to
whome
the
forenamed
lord
S.
Iohn
of
Bledso
is
sole
heire
.
¶
Roger
de
Berkerolles
knight
,
his
Petegree
.
SIr
Roger
Berkerolles
afore
said
knight
,
to
whom
the
manour
of
East
Orchard
was
giuen
;
and
his
issue
male
enioied
the
same
,
till
the
13.
yeare
of
Henrie
the
fourth
.
That
sir
Laurence
Berkerolles
knight
died
,
whom
sir
Edward
Stradling
knight
,
as
sole
heire
did
succéed
,
being
sonne
to
sir
William
Stradling
knight
,
sonne
to
sir
Edward
Stradling
knight
,
and
Wenlhian
sole
sister
and
heire
to
the
said
sir
Laurence
,
of
whom
Edward
Stradling
knight
(
that
now
is
)
is
lineallie
descended
.
¶
Reginald
de
Sully
knight
,
his
Petegree
.
SIr
Reginald
de
Sully
,
to
whome
the
castell
and
manour
of
Sully
was
giuen
;
and
his
issue
male
enioied
the
same
,
vntill
about
king
Edward
the
first
his
time
.
And
then
it
fell
to
a
daughter
married
to
sir
Morgan
de
Avan
,
Lord
of
the
lordship
of
Avan
aboue
named
:
whose
sonne
sir
Iohn
de
Avan
had
but
one
daughter
,
of
whome
sir
George
Blunt
of
Shropshire
is
lineallie
descended
,
as
sole
heire
,
whose
ancestor
gaue
the
said
lordship
of
Avan
,
and
the
castell
and
manour
of
Sully
to
the
Lord
Spencer
in
exchange
,
for
other
lands
in
England
.
¶
Peter
le
Soore
knight
,
his
Petegree
.
SIr
Peter
le
Soore
knight
,
to
whome
was
giuen
the
castell
and
manour
of
Peters
towne
;
and
his
issue
male
enioied
the
same
,
vntill
king
Henrie
the
fourth
his
time
,
and
then
died
without
issue
,
and
his
inheritance
fell
betwéene
diuers
.
¶
Iohn
le
Fleming
knight
,
his
Petegree
.
SIr
Iohn
le
Fleming
knight
,
to
whome
the
castell
and
manour
of
S.
George
was
giuen
;
and
his
issue
male
enioied
the
same
,
vntill
king
Henrie
the
fourth
his
time
:
and
then
it
fell
to
Edmond
Malefant
,
who
had
married
a
daughter
to
the
last
Fleming
.
And
in
king
Henrie
the
seuenth
his
time
,
the
Malefants
issue
by
Flemings
daughter
failed
:
and
then
it
fell
to
Iohn
Butler
of
Dunreeven
aboue
named
Esquier
;
and
after
the
death
of
him
and
of
Arnold
his
sonne
,
both
the
inheritances
of
Fleming
&
Butler
,
fell
to
Walter
Vaghan
of
Brodeward
in
the
Countie
of
Hereford
Esquier
now
liuing
,
sisters
sonne
to
the
said
Arnold
Butler
.
¶
Oliuer
de
S.
Iohn
knight
,
his
Petegree
.
SIr
Oliuer
S.
Iohn
knight
,
to
whome
the
castell
and
manour
of
Fonmon
was
giuen
;
and
his
heires
male
haue
euer
since
enioied
the
same
,
to
whom
the
aboue
named
lord
S.
Iohn
of
Bledso
,
that
now
is
,
is
sole
heire
;
whose
ancestors
from
the
winning
of
the
said
lordship
of
Glamorgan
out
of
the
Welshmens
hands
,
haue
continuallie
dwelt
at
Fonmon
aforsaid
,
vntill
the
latter
time
of
king
Edward
the
fourth
.
That
Iohn
S.
Iohn
esquier
had
the
said
lordship
of
Bledso
,
and
manie
other
possessions
besides
,
by
the
death
of
dame
Margaret
Beauchampe
his
mother
,
who
was
also
mother
to
Margaret
,
Duchesse
of
Somerset
,
mother
to
king
Henrie
the
seuenth
.
Sithence
which
time
,
the
said
Iohn
S.
Iohn
,
and
sir
Iohn
S.
Iohn
knight
,
father
to
my
Lord
that
now
is
,
haue
alwaies
dwelt
in
Bledso
,
but
they
doo
kéepe
their
lands
in
Wales
still
in
their
hands
.
¶
William
le
Esterling
alias
Stradling
,
his
Petegree
.
SIr
William
Esterling
knight
,
to
whome
the
castell
and
manour
of
S.
Donats
was
giuen
.
Sir
Iohn
le
Esterling
knight
,
his
sonne
succéeded
him
.
Sir
Moris
le
Esterling
knight
,
his
sonne
succéeded
him
.
Sir
Robert
le
Esterling
knight
(
most
commonlie
called
Stradling
by
shortnesse
of
speach
and
change
of
some
letters
)
succéeded
him
.
Sir
Gilbert
Stradling
knight
,
his
sonne
succéeded
him
.
Sir
William
Stradling
knight
,
his
sonne
succéeded
him
.
Sir
Iohn
Stradling
knight
,
his
sonne
succéeded
him
.
It
doth
not
appeare
in
what
stocke
or
sirname
anie
of
these
seuen
knights
aboue
named
,
did
marrie
:
but
the
christian
names
of
the
wiues
of
William
the
first
,
Robert
,
and
Iohn
the
second
,
were
Hawisia
,
Mathilda
,
and
Cicilia
.
Sir
Peter
Stradling
knight
,
his
sonne
succéeded
him
:
who
in
the
begining
of
king
Edward
the
first
his
time
and
reigne
married
Iulian
,
sole
daughter
and
heire
of
Thomas
Hawey
.
By
whom
he
had
thrée
manours
,
Hawey
,
&
Comhawey
in
Somersetshire
yet
remaining
to
his
heires
,
and
Compton
Hawey
in
Dorcetshire
sold
of
late
yeares
.
Sir
Edward
Stradling
knight
their
son
succéeded
them
:
and
he
quartered
the
Hawey
his
armes
with
his
:
and
married
with
Elianor
,
daughter
&
heire
to
Gilbert
Strangbow
,
a
yoonger
brother
:
whose
wife
was
daughter
and
heire
to
Richard
Garnon
,
and
had
by
hir
two
manours
in
Oxefordshire
.
Sir
Edward
Stradling
knight
his
sonne
succéeded
him
,
&
married
with
Wenlhian
,
daughter
to
Roger
Berkrolles
knight
,
and
sole
sister
and
heire
to
sir
Laurence
Berkrolles
knight
,
as
it
happened
afterward
.
Sir
William
Stradling
knight
,
his
sonne
married
with
Isabel
daughter
and
heire
to
Iohn
S.
Barbe
of
Somersetshire
:
but
he
had
no
lands
by
hir
,
for
it
was
entailed
to
the
heires
male
.
This
sir
William
,
in
king
Richard
the
seconds
time
,
went
a
pilgrimage
to
Ierusalem
,
and
receiued
there
also
the
orders
of
knighthood
of
the
sepulchre
of
Christ
.
Sir
Edward
Stradling
knight
his
sonne
succéeded
him
,
who
,
bicause
he
was
sole
heire
generall
to
the
said
S.
Barbe
,
did
quarter
S.
Barbes
armes
with
his
.
To
whome
also
(
in
the
13.
yeare
of
king
Henrie
the
fourth
)
fell
the
whole
inheritance
of
the
Berkerolles
,
and
the
right
of
the
fourth
part
of
Turberuiles
inheritance
,
Lord
of
Coyty
aforesaid
:
the
which
for
lacke
of
issue
male
of
the
said
Berkerolles
remained
to
Gamage
,
and
to
his
heires
male
,
by
the
especiall
entaile
aforesaid
.
The
which
sir
Edward
did
quarter
not
onelie
the
said
Berkerolles
armes
with
his
,
but
also
the
Turberuiles
and
Iestynes
armes
:
of
whome
the
Turberuiles
had
in
marriage
one
of
the
inheritours
,
as
is
before
said
;
bicause
the
said
sir
Edward
was
one
of
the
foure
heires
generall
to
sir
Richard
Turberuile
,
to
wit
,
sonne
to
sir
William
Stradling
,
sonne
to
Wenlhian
sister
and
heire
to
the
said
Laurence
Berkerolles
,
and
daughter
to
Catharine
,
eldest
sister
,
and
one
of
the
foure
heires
generall
to
the
aforesaid
sir
Richard
Turberuile
.
The
said
sir
Edward
maried
with
Iane
daughter
to
Henry
Beauford
,
afterwards
Cardinall
,
begotten
(
before
he
was
Priest
)
vpon
Alice
one
of
the
daughters
of
Richard
Earle
of
Arundell
:
and
in
the
beginning
of
king
Henrie
the
seuenth
his
reigne
,
he
went
likewise
on
pilgrimage
vnto
Ierusalem
,
as
his
father
did
,
and
receiued
the
order
of
the
sepulchre
there
.
This
sir
Edward
had
to
his
brother
sir
Iohn
Stradling
knight
,
who
married
with
the
heire
of
Dauncy
in
Wiltshire
:
and
had
issue
sir
Edmond
,
who
had
issue
Iohn
and
Edmond
.
Iohn
had
issue
Anne
,
ladie
Davers
,
of
whome
the
Davers
,
Hungerfordes
,
Fynes
,
and
Leuet
,
and
a
great
progenie
of
them
are
descended
:
and
of
the
said
Edmond
commeth
Carnysoyes
of
Cornewal
.
The
said
Edward
had
an
other
brother
called
William
,
of
whome
Stradling
of
Ruthyn
and
others
are
descended
:
the
same
William
had
a
daughter
named
Wenlhian
,
who
by
the
Earle
of
Ryuers
had
a
daughter
,
married
to
sir
Robert
Poynes
,
of
whome
commeth
all
the
Poynes
,
the
Newtons
,
Perots
,
and
others
.
Sir
Harrie
Stradling
knight
his
sonne
succéeded
him
,
and
married
with
Elizabeth
sister
of
whole
bloud
to
sir
William
Herebert
knight
,
Earle
of
Penbroke
;
and
had
issue
by
hir
one
sonne
,
and
two
daughters
:
one
of
them
was
married
to
Myles
ap
Harry
,
of
whome
Mistresse
Blanch
ap
Harrie
,
and
hir
bretheren
and
vncles
are
descended
:
the
other
daughter
was
married
to
Fleming
of
Monton
,
in
Wales
.
This
sir
Harrie
,
in
the
sixtéenth
yéere
of
King
Edward
the
fourth
,
went
in
like
maner
on
pilgrimage
to
Ierusalem
,
and
receiued
the
order
of
the
sepulchre
there
,
as
his
father
and
grandfather
did
;
and
died
in
the
Isle
of
Cypres
,
in
his
comming
home
;
whose
booke
is
to
be
séene
as
yet
,
with
a
letter
that
his
man
brought
from
him
,
to
his
Ladie
&
wife
.
The
saieng
is
,
that
diuers
of
his
said
ancestours
made
the
like
pilgrimage
:
but
there
remaineth
no
memorie
in
writing
but
of
these
thrée
.
This
sir
Harrie
,
sailing
from
his
house
in
Somersetshire
,
to
his
house
in
Wales
,
was
taken
prisoner
by
a
Brytaine
pirate
,
named
Colyn
Dolphyn
,
whose
redemption
and
charges
stood
him
in
2000.
markes
;
for
the
paiment
whereof
he
was
driuen
to
sell
the
castell
and
manour
of
Basselek
and
Sutton
in
Monmouthshire
,
and
two
manours
in
Oxfordshire
.
Thomas
Stradling
,
esquier
,
his
sonne
succéeded
him
,
and
married
Ienet
,
daughter
to
Thomas
Matthew
of
Rayder
Esquier
:
and
had
issue
by
hir
two
sonnes
,
Edward
and
Harrie
,
and
one
daughter
named
Iane
,
and
died
before
he
was
xxvi
.
yeares
of
age
.
After
whose
death
,
his
wife
married
with
sir
Rice
ap
Thomas
,
knight
of
the
garter
.
Harrie
married
with
the
daughter
and
heire
of
Thomas
Iubb
,
learned
in
the
lawe
,
and
had
issue
by
hir
Francis
Stradling
,
of
S.
George
,
by
Bristow
,
yet
liuing
.
Iane
was
married
to
sir
William
Gruffyth
,
of
Northwales
knight
,
and
had
issue
by
hir
thrée
sonnes
,
Edward
,
sir
Rice
Gruffyth
knight
,
and
Iohn
;
and
seauen
daughters
.
The
eldest
married
to
Stanley
of
Houghton
,
the
second
to
sir
Richard
Buckley
,
knight
,
the
third
to
Lewys
,
the
fourth
to
Moston
,
the
fift
to
Conwey
,
the
sixt
to
Williams
,
the
seauenth
to
Pers
Motton
,
and
after
to
Simon
Theloal
,
esquier
,
whose
wife
at
this
time
she
is
;
the
eight
to
Philips
.
Of
which
daughters
there
be
a
wonderfull
number
descended
.
Edward
married
Iane
,
daughter
to
sir
Iohn
Puleston
knight
,
and
had
issue
by
hir
,
thrée
daughters
.
Iane
married
to
William
Herebert
of
S.
Iulian
;
Catharine
married
to
William
Herebert
of
Swansey
,
and
an
other
daughter
married
to
sir
Nicholas
Bagnoll
knight
.
Sir
Edward
Sradling
knight
,
succéeded
his
father
,
and
married
with
Elizabeth
,
one
of
the
thrée
daughters
of
sir
Thomas
Arundell
of
Lanheyron
in
Cornewall
knight
.
The
other
two
were
married
to
Speke
,
and
S.
Lowe
,
and
had
issue
foure
sonnes
;
Thomas
,
Robert
,
Edward
,
and
Iohn
.
Robert
married
Watkyn
Locher
his
daughter
,
and
hath
by
hir
manie
children
;
Edward
married
with
the
daughter
and
heire
of
Robert
Baglan
of
Lantwit
,
and
hath
also
diuers
children
;
and
Iohn
is
a
priest
.
Also
the
said
sir
Edward
had
two
daughters
;
Iane
married
to
Alexander
Popham
,
of
Somersetshire
,
of
whom
is
a
great
number
descended
;
and
Catharine
married
to
sir
Thomas
Palmer
,
knight
of
Sussex
,
who
hath
a
sonne
named
William
.
Sir
Thomas
Sradling
knight
,
his
sonne
succéeded
him
,
and
married
Catharine
,
the
eldest
daughter
to
sir
Thomas
Gamage
of
Coyty
knight
,
and
to
dame
Margaret
his
wife
,
daughter
to
sir
Iohn
S.
Iohn
,
of
Bledso
knight
;
by
whom
he
hath
liuing
yet
two
sonnes
,
Edward
and
Dauid
;
and
fiue
daughters
,
Elizabeth
,
Damasyn
,
Iane
,
Ioice
,
and
Wenlhian
.
Sir
Edward
Stradling
knight
,
that
now
is
,
married
Agnes
second
daughter
to
sir
Edward
Gage
,
of
Sussex
,
knight
,
and
as
yet
in
the
yeare
1572.
hath
no
issue
.
Memorandum
,
that
of
the
heires
male
,
of
the
aforesaid
twelue
knights
(
that
came
with
sir
Robert
Fitzhamon
,
to
the
winning
of
Glamorgan
,
the
Lordship
aforesaid
)
there
is
at
this
daie
but
the
Stradling
a
liue
,
that
dwelleth
in
Wales
,
and
enioieth
the
portion
giuen
in
reward
to
his
ancestors
.
There
be
yet
of
the
yoonger
brothers
of
the
Turberuiles
and
Flemings
.
Greenefeeld
and
Syward
doo
yet
remaine
,
but
they
dwell
in
England
,
and
haue
doone
awaie
their
lands
in
Wales
.
The
Lord
S.
Iohn
of
Bledso
(
although
he
kéepeth
his
ancient
inheritance
in
Wales
)
yet
he
dwelleth
in
England
.
¶
Thus
farre
the
copie
of
the
winning
of
Glamorgan
,
as
I
receiued
the
same
at
the
hands
of
mistris
Blanch
Parrie
,
collected
by
Sir
Edward
Stradling
knight
.
There
were
besides
with
the
said
Robert
Fitzhamon
in
this
voiage
,
diuers
other
noble
men
and
gentlemen
,
some
out
of
England
,
some
out
of
Dyuet
,
and
other
places
in
Wales
,
which
came
thither
with
the
said
Eneon
against
Rees
ap
Theodor
,
of
whome
Robert
Sitsylt
was
one
,
who
albeit
he
had
no
part
of
the
said
Lordship
of
Glamorgan
(
that
I
can
read
of
)
yet
neuerthelesse
,
he
was
in
respect
of
his
good
seruice
there
doone
,
preferred
to
the
marriage
of
an
inheritrice
of
great
possessions
in
the
land
of
Ewyas
,
and
the
countrie
néere
adioining
.
Of
which
Robert
Sitsylt
I
find
this
that
followeth
,
recorded
in
a
verie
ancient
writing
,
conteining
his
whole
genelogie
of
16.
descents
of
heires
male
lineallie
;
which
writing
for
the
more
credit
of
the
historie
,
I
thought
good
here
to
insert
,
as
followeth
.
IN
the
yeare
of
Christ
1091.
Robert
Sitsylt
came
with
Robert
Fitzhamon
to
the
conquest
of
the
countrie
of
Glamorgan
,
and
after
wedded
a
Ladie
,
by
whome
he
had
Halterennes
and
other
lands
in
Hereford
and
Glocestershires
:
he
had
a
sonne
called
Iames
Sitsylt
.
Iames
Sitsylt
,
tooke
part
with
Mawd
the
empresse
against
king
Stephen
,
and
was
slaine
at
the
siege
of
the
castell
of
Wallingford
,
An.
4.
Stephan
.
hauing
then
vpon
him
a
vesture
,
whereon
was
wrought
in
needle
worke
his
armes
or
ensignes
,
as
they
be
made
on
the
toombe
of
Gerald
Sitsylt
in
the
Abbeie
of
Dore
,
which
are
afterward
trulie
blazed
,
in
a
iudgement
giuen
by
commission
of
king
Edward
the
third
,
for
the
ancient
right
of
the
same
armes
.
This
Iames
had
a
sonne
called
Iames
Sitsylt
,
and
foure
daughters
.
Iohn
Sitsylt
,
the
sonne
of
Iames
,
was
after
the
death
of
his
father
,
in
the
same
warres
with
Roger
Earle
of
Hereford
,
and
constable
of
England
,
and
being
taken
prisoner
at
the
siege
of
Lincolne
,
Anno.
6.
Stephani
,
he
paid
for
his
ransome
400.
marks
,
and
therefore
sold
his
lordship
of
Beauport
,
and
all
his
lands
in
the
countie
of
Glocester
:
he
tooke
to
wife
a
Ladie
,
called
Mawd
de
Frenes
,
and
had
issue
Eustace
.
Eustace
Sitsylt
the
sonne
of
Iohn
,
was
wedded
to
Elianor
the
daughter
of
Sir
Walter
Pembridge
Knight
,
and
had
by
hir
Baldwin
,
and
Iohn
;
and
foure
daughters
,
whereof
one
of
them
was
the
wife
of
Sir
Thomas
Fitzneale
knight
.
Baldwin
Sitsylt
the
sonne
of
Eustace
,
was
made
knight
by
King
Henrie
the
second
,
in
the
warres
that
the
king
had
against
the
Welshmen
,
he
was
also
killed
in
the
same
warres
,
at
the
siege
of
the
castell
of
Cardif
,
his
father
being
aliue
;
he
tooke
to
wife
the
daughter
of
Maurice
de
Brompton
,
and
had
by
hir
,
Gerald
Sitsylt
,
Eustace
Sitsylt
Henrie
Sitsylt
,
Iohn
Sitsylt
,
and
Walter
Sitsylt
;
and
two
daughters
,
Catharine
and
Elianor
.
Catharine
was
the
wife
of
Hugh
Muredake
,
and
Elianor
was
the
wife
of
Walter
Wallis
.
This
Baldwin
Sitsylt
knight
tooke
to
his
second
wife
,
Margerie
the
daughter
of
Stephen
Radnor
knight
,
and
had
by
hir
,
Stephen
Sitsylt
,
Roger
Sitsylt
,
Hugh
Sitsylt
,
and
Dauid
Sitsylt
;
and
three
daughters
,
the
first
was
Mawd
and
she
was
a
Nun
,
the
second
was
Ione
and
she
was
the
wife
of
Iohn
de
Solers
,
the
third
daughter
Anne
was
the
wife
of
Owen
ap
Meredyth
.
This
man
gaue
certeine
lands
in
the
towneship
of
Kigestone
,
vnto
the
moonkes
of
Dore
,
and
granted
vnto
the
same
moonks
freedome
of
common
and
pasture
,
and
other
liberties
in
his
woods
.
Gerald
Sitsylt
,
the
first
sonne
of
Baldwin
Sitsylt
knight
,
tooke
to
wife
Mabil
the
daughter
of
Sir
William
Moigne
knight
,
and
had
by
hir
three
sonnes
,
Gerald
Sitsylt
that
died
a
child
,
Robert
Sitsylt
that
married
and
had
children
,
and
Owen
Sitsylt
a
moonke
of
the
Abbeie
of
Dore.
He
had
also
three
daughters
,
Catharine
,
that
was
wedded
to
Sir
Griffin
ap
Yoreford
,
and
after
to
Dauid
ap
Euan
,
and
the
third
time
to
Geffreie
de
Bret
,
sonne
of
sir
Walter
Bret
knight
.
Anne
the
second
daughter
of
Gerald
Sitsylt
was
wedded
to
Robert
the
sonne
of
Richard
Bromewich
.
And
Ellen
the
third
daughter
of
Gerald
Sitsylt
,
was
the
wife
of
Iohn
Abrahal
,
father
of
Sir
Iohn
Abrahal
knight
.
Robert
Sitsylt
,
the
sonne
of
Gerald
tooke
to
wife
Alicia
daughter
of
Sir
Robert
Tregois
knight
,
and
had
by
hir
Iames
Sitsylt
his
first
son
,
Gerald
the
second
sonne
,
Thomas
the
third
sonne
,
and
Baldwin
the
fourth
sonne
;
and
Margaret
the
first
daughter
,
and
Elizabeth
the
second
daughter
.
Iames
Sitsylt
the
sonne
of
Robert
,
tooke
to
wife
Isabel
the
daughter
of
Sir
Iohn
Knel
knight
,
and
had
by
hir
Iames
and
Gerald
twins
;
Iames
died
yoong
:
he
had
also
Robert
Sitsylt
,
and
Iohn
Sitsylt
;
and
fiue
daughters
,
that
is
to
saie
,
Alicia
wedded
to
Walter
Monington
,
Grace
wedded
to
Roger
sonne
of
William
Blunt
,
Elianor
wedded
to
Thomas
Paine
,
Margerie
wedded
to
Morgan
ap
Meredyth
,
and
Sislie
married
to
Howel
ap
Blethin
,
and
after
to
sir
Hugh
Bruge
.
Gerald
Sitsylt
sonne
of
Iames
,
tooke
to
wife
Margaret
,
daughter
of
Stephen
Dalaber
,
and
by
hir
had
Iohn
Sitsylt
;
and
after
he
wedded
Bridget
the
widow
of
Sir
Simon
Ward
knight
,
and
had
by
hir
Iames
Sitsylt
,
and
the
third
time
married
the
daughter
of
Martin
Hopton
,
and
had
by
hir
Martin
Sitsylt
,
Henrie
Sitsylt
,
and
Dauid
Sitsylt
,
and
Ione
a
daughter
.
And
the
fourth
time
the
same
Gerald
Sitsylt
tooke
to
wife
Iane
the
daughter
of
Robert
Emerton
,
and
had
by
hir
one
sonne
named
Stig
and
Sitsylt
,
that
was
slaine
in
the
warres
of
Striuelyn
in
the
time
of
King
Edward
the
second
,
Chron.
de
Dôr
.
and
had
no
issue
,
as
the
register
of
the
Abbeie
of
Dore
maketh
mention
.
Iohn
Sitsylt
the
sonne
of
Gerald
,
tooke
to
wife
Sibyl
the
daughter
of
Robert
of
Ewyas
,
and
had
by
hir
sir
Iohn
Sitsylt
knight
,
George
Sitsylt
,
and
a
daughter
named
Margaret
,
that
was
the
wife
of
sir
Robert
Baskeruile
knight
,
who
had
by
hir
Sir
Iohn
Baskeruile
knight
;
and
by
his
second
wife
he
had
sir
Richard
Baskeruile
knight
,
that
tooke
to
wife
Iane
the
daughter
and
heire
of
George
Sitsylt
second
sonne
of
this
Iohn
Sitsylt
,
and
had
by
hir
sir
Iohn
Baskeruile
knight
.
Sir
Iohn
Sitsylt
knight
,
tooke
to
wife
Alicia
the
sister
of
the
said
sir
Roger
Baskeruile
,
and
sir
Roger
married
his
sister
,
as
is
afore
said
.
This
sir
Iohn
Sitsylt
had
Iohn
Sitsylt
and
Roger
Sitsylt
.
In
the
time
of
the
warres
that
King
Edward
the
3.
made
against
Scotland
,
at
a
place
called
Halydon
hill
néere
Barwick
anno
6.
Edward
3.
there
arose
a
great
variance
and
contention
betwéene
Sir
William
de
Facknaham
knight
,
on
the
one
side
approouant
,
and
this
Sir
Iohn
Sitsylt
knight
,
on
the
other
side
defendant
,
for
an
ensigne
of
armes
,
that
is
to
say
;
The
field
often
barrets
siluer
and
azure
,
supported
of
5.
scocheons
sable
charged
with
so
manie
lions
of
the
first
rampants
incensed
geuls
,
which
ensigne
both
the
parties
did
claime
as
their
right
.
But
as
both
the
parties
put
themselues
to
their
force
to
maintaine
their
quarell
,
and
vaunted
to
maintaine
the
same
by
their
bodies
;
it
pleased
the
king
that
iustice
should
be
yéelded
for
triall
of
the
quarell
,
without
shedding
of
bloud
:
and
so
the
bearing
of
the
ensigne
was
solemnlie
adiudged
to
be
the
right
of
the
said
Sir
Iohn
Sitsylt
,
as
heire
of
bloud
lineallie
descended
of
the
body
of
Iames
Sitsylt
,
Lord
of
Beauport
slaine
at
the
siege
of
Walingford
,
as
before
is
declared
.
The
finall
order
and
determination
of
which
controuersie
is
laid
downe
by
Iohn
Boswel
gentleman
,
in
his
booke
intituled
The
concords
of
Armorie
,
fol.
80.
This
Sir
Iohn
Sitsylt
had
a
charge
of
men
at
armes
,
for
the
custodie
of
the
marches
of
Scotland
,
in
the
11.
yéere
of
King
Edward
the
third
.
Iohn
Sitsylt
,
the
son
of
sir
Iohn
Sitsylt
knight
,
tooke
to
wife
Ione
daughter
of
sir
Richard
Monington
knight
,
and
had
by
hir
Iohn
Sitsylt
(
that
died
his
father
being
liuing
)
and
Thomas
Sitsylt
.
Thomas
Sitsylt
married
Margaret
the
daughter
and
heire
of
Gilbert
de
Winston
,
and
had
by
hir
Philip
Sitsylt
,
and
Dauid
Sitsylt
.
This
man
was
a
great
benefactour
to
the
moonks
of
Dore
,
and
forgaue
them
great
summes
of
monie
which
they
ought
him
.
Philip
Sitsylt
married
Margaret
,
the
daughter
of
Iohn
Philips
,
and
had
by
hir
Richard
,
Iohn
,
and
Margaret
.
Richard
Sitsylt
or
Cecill
,
married
Margaret
the
daughter
of
Philip
Vaughan
,
and
had
by
hir
Philip
Cecill
,
Margaret
Cecill
,
Iohn
Cecill
,
Dauid
Cecill
,
and
Iames
or
Ienkin
Cecill
.
These
petegrées
and
descents
I
gathered
faithfullie
out
of
sundrie
ancient
records
and
euidences
,
whereof
the
most
part
are
confirmed
with
seales
autentike
therevnto
appendant
,
manifestlie
declaring
the
antiquitie
and
truth
thereof
;
which
remaine
at
this
present
in
the
custodie
of
the
right
Honorable
Sir
William
Cecill
,
Knight
of
the
noble
order
of
the
Garter
,
Lord
Burghley
,
and
Lord
high
Treasurer
of
England
,
who
is
lineallie
descended
from
the
last
recited
Richard
Sitsylt
,
father
to
Dauid
Cecill
,
grandfather
to
the
said
Sir
William
Cecill
now
Lord
Burghley
:
and
at
this
date
William
Sitsylt
or
Cecill
Esquire
coosen
germane
to
the
said
Lord
Burghley
,
remooued
by
one
degrée
onelie
,
is
possessed
of
the
foresaid
house
of
Halterennes
in
Ewyas
land
as
the
heire
male
of
the
house
of
Sitsylts
,
and
is
descended
of
Philip
Cecill
,
elder
brother
to
the
said
Dauid
.
Giral
.
Camb.
in
Itinerario
Cambrie
.
About
the
same
time
,
or
shortlie
after
,
Barnard
Newmarch
,
a
noble
man
also
of
Normandie
,
obtained
by
conquest
the
Lordship
of
Brechnock
,
containing
thrée
cantreds
,
and
married
Nest
,
the
daughter
of
Nest
,
daughter
to
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
,
Prince
of
Wales
,
by
whom
he
had
issue
Mahael
,
and
a
daughter
.
This
Mahael
being
a
worthie
knight
,
was
disinherited
by
the
malice
of
his
owne
mother
,
who
contrarie
to
matrimoniall
dutie
,
kept
vnlawfull
companie
with
a
knight
,
whom
she
set
more
by
than
hir
husband
.
Wherevpon
Mahael
being
offended
with
the
dissolute
life
of
his
mother
,
warned
hir
to
auoid
infamie
;
and
on
a
time
méeting
the
said
knight
comming
from
hir
,
fought
with
him
,
and
hurt
him
sore
.
Wherefore
Nest
to
be
auenged
of
hir
sonne
for
that
fact
,
went
to
king
Henrie
the
first
,
and
solemnelie
(
rather
of
malice
and
reuengement
,
as
Giraldus
noteth
,
than
of
anie
truth
)
sware
vpon
the
Euangelists
,
that
the
said
Mahael
hir
sonne
was
not
begotten
by
Barnard
Newmarch
hir
husband
,
but
by
another
louer
of
hirs
.
By
reason
of
the
which
oth
,
(
or
periurie
rather
as
mine
author
thinketh
)
Mahael
was
disinherited
,
and
his
sister
(
whom
hir
mother
affirmed
to
be
the
verie
daughter
of
the
said
Barnard
)
was
by
the
said
king
,
with
the
whole
inheritance
,
bestowed
vpon
Milo
,
the
sonne
of
Walter
Constable
,
who
was
after
created
Earle
of
Hereford
,
Lord
of
Glocester
,
Brechnocke
,
and
the
forrest
of
Deane
.
This
Milo
Earle
of
Hereford
,
and
Lord
of
Brechnocke
(
as
the
same
Giraldus
writeth
)
told
king
Henrie
the
first
,
of
the
singing
&
triumphing
of
birds
by
the
poole
called
Lhyn
Sauathan
,
at
the
passing
by
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
ap
Theodor
,
the
said
Milo
and
Paine
Fitz
Iohn
,
Lord
of
Ewyas
land
being
present
.
Wherevnto
the
King
answered
;
that
It
was
not
a
thing
to
be
woondered
at
so
much
,
for
in
truth
(
saith
he
)
although
we
by
our
great
force
and
strength
doo
offer
iniurie
and
violence
to
that
nation
,
yet
are
they
well
knowne
to
be
the
lawfull
inheritours
of
that
countrie
;
the
words
of
Giraldus
be
these
.
Quibus
auditis
,
Rex
respondisse
memoratur
;
Illud
non-adeo
esse
admirandum
,
quia
licèt
gentibus
illis
per
vires
nostras
magnas
iniuriam
&
violentiam
irrogemus
,
nihilominus
tamen
in
terris
ijsdemius
haereditarium
habere
noscuntur
.
Milo
had
by
his
said
wife
fiue
sonnes
,
to
wit
,
Roger
,
Walter
,
Henrie
,
William
and
Mahael
,
which
were
all
successiuelie
(
except
William
)
Earles
of
Hereford
,
and
Lords
of
Brechnocke
,
and
died
all
without
issue
.
He
had
also
thrée
daughters
.
Margaret
the
eldest
married
to
Humfrey
de
Bohune
,
the
sonne
of
Humfrey
Bohune
,
Steward
in
house
to
William
Rufus
,
which
was
the
sonne
of
Humfrey
le
Bohune
,
that
came
into
Enlgand
with
William
Conqueror
.
This
Humfrey
was
in
hir
right
Earle
of
Hereford
,
&
Constable
of
England
.
Bertha
the
second
daughter
was
married
vnto
Philip
Bruse
,
created
by
King
Stephan
Lord
Bruse
of
Gower
,
Bould
,
and
Brimber
;
and
in
his
wiues
right
,
lord
of
Brechnock
.
W.
Paston
.
Ch.
Lanthon
.
Lucia
the
third
daughter
was
married
to
Herebert
the
sonne
of
Herebert
,
a
base
sonne
to
King
Henrie
the
first
,
who
was
in
hir
right
Lord
of
all
the
forrest
of
Deane
,
of
whom
descended
the
Fitz
Herebert
of
Derbishire
.
The
castell
of
Brechnock
being
first
built
by
the
said
Barnard
Newmarch
,
was
greatlie
augmented
and
beautified
by
the
last
Humfrey
Bohune
,
Earle
of
Hereford
,
Essex
,
Northampton
,
and
Constable
of
England
,
Earle
Constable
.
who
had
issue
two
daughters
his
heires
;
Elianor
the
elder
was
married
vnto
Thomas
Plantagenet
,
alias
Thomas
of
Woodstock
,
the
sixt
sonne
of
Edward
the
third
,
who
was
by
King
Richard
the
second
,
created
Earle
of
Buckingham
,
and
after
duke
of
Glocester
,
and
in
hir
right
Earle
of
Essex
,
Northampton
,
and
Constable
of
England
.
Marie
the
second
daughter
was
married
to
Henrie
Plantagenet
,
alias
Bolingbrooke
,
Earle
of
Derbie
,
who
was
afterward
King
of
England
,
by
the
name
of
Henrie
the
fourth
.
The
said
Thomas
Plantagenet
,
Duke
of
Glocester
and
Lord
of
Brechnock
,
had
issue
Humfrie
Plantagenet
Earle
of
Buckingham
,
Lord
of
Brechnock
,
&c
:
who
died
without
issue
;
and
4.
daughters
,
which
were
heirs
after
their
brother
.
Anne
the
eldest
was
married
to
Edmund
Stafford
,
Earle
of
Stafford
,
who
by
hir
had
issue
,
Humfrie
Earle
of
Stafford
,
Hereford
,
&
Northampton
,
Lord
of
Brechnock
,
&c.
And
afterwards
the
said
Anne
was
maried
to
William
Viscount
Burgcher
,
created
Earle
of
Ewe
in
France
by
King
Henrie
the
fift
,
father
of
Henrie
created
Earle
of
Essex
by
King
Edward
the
fourth
.
This
Humfrie
Earle
Stafford
,
was
by
King
Henrie
the
sixt
,
created
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
and
so
this
Lordship
of
Brechnock
came
to
the
Dukes
of
Buckingham
,
and
by
the
attaindour
of
Edward
the
last
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
is
come
to
the
crowne
.
There
came
manie
Gentlemen
with
the
said
Barnard
Newmarch
,
at
that
time
to
Brechnock
,
vpon
whom
he
bestowed
diuers
manours
,
which
their
heires
doo
possesse
and
enioy
euen
to
our
time
;
as
to
the
Awbreyes
the
manour
of
Abercynuric
and
Slowch
,
to
the
Walbiefes
the
manour
of
Lhanhamlach
and
Taly
Lhyn
,
to
the
Gunters
the
manour
of
Gilston
,
to
the
Havards
the
manour
of
Pontwilym
,
&c.
But
now
hauing
long
digressed
,
let
vs
returne
againe
to
our
author
.
About
this
time
William
Rufus
and
Robert
his
brother
being
made
freends
,
came
both
together
into
England
,
and
lead
an
armie
into
Scotland
against
Malcolme
the
king
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
20.
who
had
entred
Northumberland
,
&
spoiled
it
in
the
kings
absence
:
and
he
yeelded
himselfe
to
William
,
and
by
oth
became
his
vassall
and
subiect
.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
16.
Then
William
reedified
Carlile
,
and
brought
people
from
the
South
part
of
England
to
inhabite
it
.
But
shortlie
after
,
Malcolme
came
againe
into
England
,
spoiling
the
land
,
Ran.
Cest.
lib.
7.
cap.
7.
Buchan
.
li.
7.
pag.
64.
who
being
fought
withall
,
was
slaine
,
and
his
sonne
Edward
also
:
then
Edgar
his
sonne
,
which
was
pledge
with
king
William
,
was
crowned
in
his
steed
.
At
this
time
Cadogan
ap
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
destroied
all
Dyuet
in
the
end
of
Aprill
;
and
shortlie
after
,
the
same
summer
,
the
Normanes
in
great
companies
landed
in
Dyuet
or
Westwales
&
Cardigan
,
and
builded
castels
there
,
and
so
began
to
inhabite
the
countrie
vpon
the
sea
shoare
.
The
Normans
hauing
gotten
into
their
hands
all
the
lands
and
liuings
of
the
nobilitie
of
England
,
began
to
spie
out
the
commodities
of
Wales
:
and
séeing
that
Robert
Fitzhamon
,
and
the
other
knights
that
went
with
him
,
had
sped
so
well
,
they
made
sure
to
the
king
to
grant
them
the
lands
of
the
Welshmen
.
Whervpon
the
king
,
thinking
that
to
be
the
best
waie
for
him
,
aswell
to
incourage
them
to
be
the
more
willing
to
serue
him
,
as
also
to
prouide
for
them
at
other
mens
cost
,
granted
to
diuers
of
his
nobles
sundrie
countries
in
Wales
,
to
hold
of
him
by
knight
seruice
:
for
the
which
they
did
homage
and
sweare
fealtie
vnto
him
,
as
foloweth
.
-
1
Roger
Mountgomery
,
Earle
of
Arundel
and
Salope
,
did
his
homage
for
the
lordships
of
Powys
and
Caerdigan
.
-
2
Hugh
Lupus
Earle
of
Chester
did
his
homage
for
Tegengl
and
Ryuonioc
,
with
all
the
land
by
the
sea
shoare
,
vnto
the
riuer
of
Conwey
.
-
3
Arnulph
a
yoonger
sonne
of
Roger
Mountgomery
for
Dyuet
.
-
4
Barnard
Newmarch
for
Brechnock
.
-
5
Ralph
Mortimer
for
Eluel
.
-
6
Hugh
de
Lacie
for
the
land
of
Ewyas
.
-
7
Eustace
Cruer
for
Molde
and
Hopedale
,
and
manie
other
for
other
lands
.
Then
Roger
de
Mountgomery
,
to
whom
the
Conqueror
had
giuen
the
Earldome
of
Arundell
and
Salopsburie
or
Shrewsburie
entred
into
Powys
land
,
and
wan
the
castell
and
towne
of
Baldwyn
,
which
he
fortified
,
and
called
it
Mountgomery
after
his
owne
name
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
23.
Also
this
yeare
William
Rufus
went
to
Normandie
against
his
brother
Robert
,
and
sent
to
England
for
30000.
footemen
,
of
whome
when
they
came
to
the
sea
shore
the
king
tooke
ten
shillings
a
peece
,
15000
pound
easilie
gotten
.
and
sent
them
home
.
But
shortlie
after
hee
made
a
voiage
into
Northumberland
against
the
Earle
,
H.
Hunt.
Matth.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
16.
which
rebelled
,
and
after
he
had
taken
Newcastell
and
Bamborough
,
hee
tooke
the
Earle
at
Tinmouth
,
and
returned
homeward
.
The
same
yeare
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
king
of
Northwales
,
with
Cadogan
ap
Blethyn
,
who
then
ruled
Southwales
,
entred
the
land
of
Cardigan
,
&
killed
a
great
number
of
Normanes
,
being
not
able
anie
longer
to
suffer
their
great
pride
and
crueltie
.
But
after
their
returne
,
the
English
captaines
sent
for
more
men
to
England
,
and
thought
priuilie
to
make
a
roade
to
Northwales
.
Which
iournie
was
discouered
to
Cadogan
,
who
gathered
his
power
,
and
met
with
them
in
the
wood
or
forrest
of
Yspys
,
and
set
vpon
them
with
great
hew
and
crie
:
and
they
defended
themselues
manfullie
,
but
in
the
end
they
were
compelled
to
flee
with
great
losse
;
and
Cadogan
followed
them
hard
,
and
spoiled
the
countrie
of
Cardigan
and
Dyuet
,
and
destroied
all
the
castels
sauing
two
,
which
were
Penbrooke
and
Rydcors
,
which
he
could
not
get
,
and
so
returned
to
Powys
with
much
ioy
.
1093
In
this
yeare
1093.
the
Normanes
that
inhabited
the
countrie
of
Glamorgan
,
spoiled
the
countries
of
Kydwely
and
Ystrad
Tywy
,
and
left
them
without
anie
inhabitors
.
Then
William
Rufus
being
informed
of
the
great
slaughter
of
his
subiects
aswell
in
Chesshire
,
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
17.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
24.
Shropshire
,
Worcestershire
,
and
Herefordshire
,
as
within
Wales
,
which
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
and
the
sonnes
of
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
had
doone
,
gathered
his
power
together
,
and
entred
Wales
at
Mountgomery
,
which
castell
being
latelie
ouerthrowne
by
the
Welshmen
,
Matt.
Paris
.
he
reedified
againe
;
but
the
Welshmen
kept
so
the
straites
of
the
mountaines
with
the
woods
and
the
riuers
,
Hol.
pag.
326.
that
the
king
did
no
good
,
but
lost
his
labour
and
his
men
:
therfore
he
returned
backe
to
his
great
dishonor
.
1094
In
the
yeare
1094.
died
William
the
sonne
of
Baldwyn
,
who
(
at
the
kings
commandement
)
had
built
the
castell
of
Rydcors
,
after
whose
death
the
castell
was
forsaken
by
his
men
;
and
the
inhabitants
of
Gwyr
,
Ran.
Cest.
li.
7.
cap.
8.
Sup.
Mar.
Scot.
Brechnock
,
Gwent
&
Gwentlhwc
cast
from
their
necks
the
burthen
of
the
Normanes
that
had
wonne
their
countries
and
held
them
in
subiection
,
and
chased
them
out
of
their
countries
,
but
they
returned
againe
with
great
strength
of
Englishmen
and
Normanes
.
Then
the
countrie
men
,
which
abhorred
their
pride
and
cruell
rule
,
met
with
them
at
a
place
called
Celly
Tarvawc
,
and
fought
with
them
manfullie
,
so
that
they
put
them
to
flight
with
great
slaughter
,
and
chased
them
backe
againe
out
of
the
land
.
Neuertheles
,
the
greedie
Normanes
would
not
giue
ouer
,
but
doubling
their
strength
,
returned
againe
to
Brechnockshire
,
making
a
vow
to
leaue
no
liuing
thing
within
that
countrie
.
But
it
hapned
otherwise
,
for
the
people
fled
before
them
,
and
staid
at
a
straite
,
and
killed
a
great
number
of
them
.
About
this
time
Roger
Mountgomery
Earle
of
Salop
and
Arundell
,
William
Fitzeustace
Earle
of
Glocester
,
Arnold
de
Harecourt
and
Neale
le
Vicount
,
were
slaine
betwéene
Cardyf
and
Brechnock
by
the
Welshmen
.
Also
Walter
Eureux
Earle
of
Sarum
,
and
Hugh
Earle
Gourney
were
there
hurt
and
died
after
in
Normandie
.
Therefore
when
the
Normanes
saw
that
they
had
all
the
losse
,
they
manned
and
victailed
the
castels
which
they
had
before
time
builded
there
,
and
returned
backe
:
but
in
their
returne
,
Gruffyth
and
Ivor
the
sonnes
of
Ednerth
ap
Cadogan
met
them
vpon
the
sudden
at
Aberlhech
,
and
falling
vpon
them
slew
the
most
part
of
them
,
and
the
rest
escaped
to
England
.
But
the
Normane
captaines
defended
the
castels
manfullie
,
and
kept
them
,
vntill
they
were
driuen
by
force
for
safegard
of
their
liues
to
forsake
them
:
then
the
ancient
dwellers
enioied
their
countries
againe
quietlie
.
Moreouer
certeine
lords
of
Northwals
,
namelie
Vchthed
the
sonne
of
Edwyn
ap
Grono
,
and
Howel
ap
Grono
with
the
children
of
Cadogan
ap
Blethyn
of
Powys
land
,
gathered
a
number
of
men
,
&
passed
through
Cardiganshire
to
Dyuet
(
which
countrie
the
king
a
little
before
had
giuen
to
Arnulph
sonne
to
Roger
Mountgomery
,
who
had
builded
there
the
castell
of
Penbrooke
;
and
appointed
keeper
and
steward
of
the
same
,
one
Gerald
de
Windsore
)
and
there
burned
,
spoiled
and
destroied
all
the
countrie
,
sauing
the
said
castell
of
Penbrooke
,
which
they
could
not
winne
,
and
so
returned
home
with
great
bootie
.
After
the
returne
of
these
lords
,
Gerald
issued
out
of
the
castell
,
and
spoiled
the
lands
of
S.
Dauids
,
and
tooke
manie
prisoners
,
and
returned
to
the
castell
.
Io.
Castor
.
Mar.
Scotus
.
The
yeare
following
,
William
Rufus
returning
from
Normandie
to
England
,
and
hearing
of
the
great
slaughter
of
his
men
doone
by
the
Welshmen
,
gathered
all
his
power
,
&
with
great
pompe
and
pride
entred
Wales
.
But
the
Brytaines
fearing
the
great
strength
of
the
king
,
put
their
hope
onlie
in
the
almightie
Lord
,
turning
to
him
in
fasting
,
praier
,
and
repentance
of
their
sinnes
:
and
he
that
neuer
forsaketh
the
penitent
and
contrite
hart
,
heard
their
praiers
;
so
that
the
Normanes
and
Englishmen
durst
neuer
enter
the
land
,
but
such
as
entred
were
all
slaine
,
and
the
king
returned
with
small
honor
,
after
he
had
built
certaine
castels
in
the
marches
.
The
yeare
following
being
1096.
1096
Hugh
de
Mountgomerie
Earle
of
Arundell
and
Salopsburie
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
59.
whom
the
Welshmen
call
Hugh
Goch
,
that
is
to
saie
Hugh
the
read
headed
,
Fabian
,
par
7
cap.
225.
Mar.
Scotus
.
and
Hugh
Vras
,
that
is
,
Hugh
the
fat
Earle
of
Chester
,
and
a
great
number
of
Nobles
more
,
did
gather
a
huge
armie
,
and
entred
into
Northwales
,
being
thereto
mooued
by
certeine
Lords
of
the
countrie
.
But
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
the
Prince
,
and
Cadogan
ap
Blethyn
tooke
the
hilles
and
mountaines
for
their
defense
;
bicause
they
were
not
able
to
meete
with
the
Erles
,
neither
durst
they
well
trust
their
owne
men
.
And
so
the
Erles
came
ouer
against
the
Ile
of
Môn
or
Anglesey
,
where
they
did
build
a
castell
of
Aberlhiennawc
.
Then
Gruffyth
and
Cadogan
did
go
to
Anglesey
,
thinking
to
defend
the
Ile
,
and
sent
for
succour
to
Ireland
:
but
they
receiued
verie
small
.
Then
the
treason
appeared
,
for
Owen
ap
Edwyn
(
who
was
the
Princes
cheefe
counseller
,
and
his
father
in
lawe
,
whose
daughter
Gruffyth
had
married
,
hauing
himselfe
also
married
Everyth
the
daughter
of
Convyn
,
aunt
to
Cadogan
)
was
the
cheefe
caller
of
those
strangers
into
Wales
,
who
openlie
went
with
all
his
power
to
them
,
and
did
lead
them
to
the
Ile
of
Anglesey
:
which
thing
when
Gruffyth
and
Cadogan
perceiued
,
they
sailed
to
Ireland
,
mistrusting
the
treason
of
their
owne
people
.
Then
the
Earles
spoiled
the
Ile
,
and
slew
all
that
they
found
there
.
And
at
the
verie
same
time
,
Magnus
the
sonne
of
Haroald
came
with
a
great
nauie
of
ships
towards
England
,
minding
to
laie
faster
hold
vpon
that
kingdome
than
his
father
had
doone
,
and
being
driuen
by
chaunce
to
Anglesey
,
would
haue
landed
there
,
but
the
Earles
kept
him
from
the
land
.
And
there
Magnus
with
an
arrowe
,
stroke
Hugh
Earle
of
Salop
in
the
face
,
that
he
died
thereof
,
and
suddenlie
either
part
forsooke
the
Ile
,
and
the
Englishmen
returned
to
England
,
and
left
Owen
ap
Edwyn
Prince
in
the
land
,
who
had
allured
them
thither
.
1098
In
the
yeare
1098.
returned
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
,
and
Cadogan
ap
Blethyn
from
Ireland
,
and
made
peace
with
the
Normanes
,
and
gaue
them
part
of
their
inheritance
:
for
Gruffyth
remained
in
Môn
,
and
Cadogan
had
Cardigan
,
and
a
peece
of
Powys
land
.
About
this
time
the
men
of
Brechnock
slew
Lhewelyn
the
sonne
of
Cadogan
.
Then
Howel
ap
Ithel
of
Tegengel
,
went
to
Ireland
.
Also
Rythmarch
Archbishop
of
S.
Dauids
,
sonne
to
Sulien
(
bishop
)
died
,
the
godliest
,
wisest
,
&
greatest
clerke
that
had
beene
in
Wales
manie
yeares
before
,
sauing
his
father
,
who
had
brought
him
vp
,
and
a
great
number
of
learned
disciples
.
King
William
Rufus
,
after
he
had
walled
the
citie
of
London
,
and
builded
Westminster
hall
,
went
to
Normandie
,
and
after
he
had
brought
all
the
countrie
to
his
subiection
,
returned
home
,
and
was
slaine
with
an
arrow
by
Walter
Tyrell
as
he
shot
at
a
stagge
in
the
new
forrest
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
71.
Then
Henrie
his
brother
was
crowned
in
his
steede
,
for
Robert
the
elder
brother
was
all
this
while
in
the
holie
land
,
who
shortlie
returned
and
landed
at
Portsmouth
,
against
whom
Henrie
came
with
a
great
power
;
but
in
the
end
they
were
agreed
,
that
Henrie
should
paie
yearelie
to
Robert
3000.
marks
,
and
the
longer
liuer
should
be
the
others
heire
.
This
Henrie
maried
Mawd
the
daughter
of
Malcolme
king
of
Scots
,
by
Margaret
the
daughter
of
Edward
sonne
to
Edmund
Ironside
.
Also
this
yeare
died
Hugh
Earle
of
Chester
,
and
Richard
his
sonne
was
made
Earle
in
his
place
;
at
this
time
also
died
Grono
ap
Cadogan
,
and
Gwyn
ap
Gruffyth
.
In
the
yeare
1101.
1101
Robert
de
Belesmo
sonne
to
Roger
de
Mountgomery
Earle
of
Salope
,
and
Arnulph
his
brother
Earle
of
Penbrooke
did
rebell
against
the
king
,
Matt.
Paris
.
Ran.
Cest.
which
when
the
king
heard
,
he
sent
for
them
to
come
to
him
,
but
they
made
blind
excuses
,
and
gathered
their
strength
,
and
fortified
their
castels
,
and
then
gaue
great
gifts
and
made
large
promises
to
the
sonnes
of
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
,
Iorwerth
,
Cadogan
and
Meredyth
,
and
intised
them
to
ioine
their
powers
to
theirs
.
Robert
had
fortified
foure
castels
,
Arundell
,
Tekinhill
,
Shrewsburie
and
Brugge
,
which
castell
was
the
cause
of
the
warre
:
for
Robert
had
builded
it
without
the
kings
leaue
,
and
Arnulph
fortified
his
castell
of
Penbroke
.
Then
they
entred
the
kings
land
,
&
burned
&
spoiled
it
,
carieng
awaie
rich
booties
.
And
Arnulph
to
haue
more
strength
,
sent
Gerald
his
steward
to
Murkart
king
of
Ireland
,
to
desire
his
daughter
in
marriage
,
which
he
obtained
,
with
promises
of
great
succours
,
which
did
incourage
him
the
more
against
the
king
.
1102
Then
the
king
gathered
a
great
armie
,
and
first
beseeged
the
castell
of
Arundell
and
wan
it
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
78.
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
26.
and
likewise
he
did
with
Tekinhill
,
and
afterward
lead
his
power
before
Brugge
,
which
for
the
situation
and
depth
of
the
diches
,
being
also
well
manned
and
victailed
,
the
king
doubted
the
speedie
winning
thereof
.
Wherefore
he
was
counseled
to
send
priuilie
to
Iorwerth
ap
Blethyn
,
Io.
Castor
.
promising
him
great
gifts
,
if
hee
would
forsake
the
Earle
and
serue
him
,
remembring
what
wrongs
the
Earles
father
Roger
and
his
brother
Hugh
had
doone
to
the
Welshmen
.
Also
the
king
to
make
him
more
willing
to
sticke
vnto
him
,
gaue
him
all
such
lands
as
the
Earle
&
his
brother
had
in
Wales
without
tribute
or
oth
;
Ran.
Cest.
li.
7.
cap.
13.
which
was
a
peece
of
Powys
,
Cardigan
&
halfe
Dyuer
,
&
the
other
halfe
had
the
sonne
of
Baldwyn
with
Stradtywy
and
Gwyr
.
Iorwerth
being
glad
of
these
offers
,
receiued
them
willinglie
,
and
then
comming
himselfe
to
the
king
,
he
sent
his
power
to
the
Earles
land
,
which
doing
their
maisters
commandement
,
destroied
&
spoiled
all
the
countrie
,
for
the
Earle
had
caused
his
people
to
conueie
all
their
cattell
and
goods
to
Wales
,
litle
remembring
the
mischiefes
that
the
Welshmen
had
receiued
at
his
fathers
and
brothers
hands
.
But
when
these
newes
came
to
the
Earle
to
Cadogan
&
Meredyth
Iorwerths
brethren
,
they
were
all
dismaid
,
&
despaired
to
be
able
to
withstand
the
king
:
for
Iorwerth
was
the
greatest
man
of
power
in
Wales
.
And
at
this
time
Arnulph
was
gone
to
Ireland
for
his
wife
and
succour
.
Also
a
litle
before
,
Magnus
againe
had
landed
in
Môn
,
&
receiued
of
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
,
&
hewed
downe
asmuch
timber
wood
as
was
needefull
for
him
,
and
so
returning
to
the
Ile
of
Man
,
which
he
had
woon
,
he
builded
three
castels
there
,
and
sent
to
Ireland
to
haue
the
daughter
of
Murcart
in
mariage
for
his
sonne
,
which
he
obtained
,
and
made
his
sonne
king
of
Man
.
Then
Earle
Robert
hearing
this
,
sent
to
him
for
helpe
,
but
receiued
none
:
therefore
seeing
no
remedie
,
he
sent
to
the
king
,
desiring
him
that
he
might
forsake
the
realme
,
which
thing
the
king
granted
,
and
he
sailed
to
Normandie
.
And
likewise
the
king
sent
word
to
his
brother
Arnulph
,
that
either
he
should
folow
his
brother
and
depart
the
land
,
or
yeeld
himselfe
to
the
kings
mercie
and
pleasure
:
but
he
chose
to
depart
the
land
,
and
so
he
did
.
After
this
,
when
the
king
was
returned
home
,
Iorwerth
tooke
his
brother
Meredyth
,
and
sent
him
to
the
kings
prison
:
for
his
brother
Cadogan
agreed
with
him
,
to
whome
Iorwerth
gaue
Caerdhydh
,
&
a
peece
of
Powys
.
Then
Iorwerth
himselfe
went
to
the
kings
court
,
to
put
the
king
in
remembrance
of
his
promise
:
but
the
king
,
when
he
saw
all
quiet
,
Brwnt
yw'r
gwr
,
ni
sai
yn
ei
air
.
forgate
the
seruice
of
Iorwerth
,
and
his
owne
promise
,
and
contrarie
to
the
same
tooke
Dyuet
from
Iorwerth
,
and
gaue
it
to
a
knight
called
Saer
;
and
Stradtywy
,
Cydewen
and
Gwyr
he
gaue
to
Howel
ap
Grono
:
and
so
Iorwerth
was
sent
home
emptie
.
At
this
time
King
Henrie
gaue
diuers
castels
and
lordships
in
Wales
to
Normanes
and
Englishmen
,
of
whom
there
is
mention
oftentimes
hereafter
in
this
historie
.
This
yeare
died
Grono
sonne
of
Rees
ap
Theodor
in
prison
.
Also
at
this
time
Magnus
the
sonne
of
Heroald
entred
the
countrie
of
Lenoux
in
Scotland
,
&
after
he
had
gotten
a
great
prey
returned
to
his
shippes
,
but
the
inhabitants
pursued
him
so
hard
,
that
they
put
his
people
to
flight
,
slew
him
,
and
rescued
their
goods
and
cattell
.
In
the
end
of
this
yeare
the
king
did
send
diuerse
of
his
councell
to
Shrewesburie
,
and
willed
Iorwerth
ap
Blethyn
to
come
to
meete
them
there
to
consult
about
the
kings
busines
and
affaires
.
Now
when
he
came
thither
,
all
the
consultation
was
against
him
,
whom
contrarie
to
all
right
and
equitie
they
condemned
of
treason
,
bicause
the
king
feared
his
strength
,
and
that
he
would
reuenge
the
wrongs
that
he
had
receiued
at
the
kings
hands
,
and
so
they
committed
him
to
prison
.
Those
Noble
men
that
were
sent
by
the
King
to
Shrewesburie
,
were
Richard
de
Belmersh
,
(
or
de
Beleasmo
as
some
doo
call
him
)
who
being
chéefe
dooer
about
Roger
Mountgomery
,
Earle
of
Salop
,
was
preferred
to
the
Bishopricke
of
London
,
and
afterwards
appointed
by
this
King
Henrie
,
to
be
warden
of
the
Marches
,
and
gouernour
of
the
countie
of
Salop
:
Walter
Constable
,
the
father
of
Milo
Earle
of
Hereford
,
and
Rayner
the
kings
lieutenant
,
in
the
countie
of
Salop.
About
this
time
(
as
Bale
noteth
)
the
church
of
Meneuia
or
S.
Dauids
,
Io.
Bal.
Cent.
cap.
58.
in
append
.
began
to
be
subiect
to
the
sea
of
Canturburie
,
being
alwaies
before
the
Metrapolitane
church
of
all
Wales
.
1103
In
the
yeare
1103.
Owen
ap
Edwyn
died
,
after
great
miserie
and
long
sicknesse
.
Then
also
Richard
the
sonne
of
Baldwyn
did
fortifie
the
castell
of
Ridcors
,
and
chased
Howel
ap
Grono
out
of
the
countrie
,
to
whom
the
King
had
giuen
the
custodie
of
that
castell
,
who
neuerthelesse
returned
shortlie
after
,
and
burned
all
the
countrie
,
houses
,
corne
,
and
haie
,
and
slew
a
great
number
of
the
Normanes
,
as
they
returned
homeward
,
and
kept
all
the
countrie
in
his
subiection
,
except
the
castels
,
and
these
garrisons
.
At
this
time
the
King
did
take
the
rule
of
Dyuet
from
Saer
,
to
whom
he
had
committed
the
same
,
and
gaue
it
to
Gerald
,
who
had
beene
sometimes
Steward
there
under
Arnulph
.
Then
the
Normanes
,
who
were
in
the
castell
of
Rydcors
,
and
other
castels
there
abouts
,
seeing
they
could
not
haue
the
vpper
hand
of
Howel
ap
Grono
in
open
fight
,
fell
to
their
accustomed
practise
of
treason
,
and
so
obtained
their
purpose
in
this
manner
.
There
was
one
Gwgan
ap
Meyric
,
who
had
nursed
a
sonne
to
Howel
ap
Grono
,
and
therefore
verie
well
trusted
and
loued
of
him
,
as
the
manner
of
Wales
is
.
This
traitour
(
being
corrupted
by
the
Normanes
)
procured
his
maisters
death
,
bidding
him
one
night
to
his
house
to
make
merrie
,
whither
he
came
gentlie
.
Then
Gwgan
gaue
notise
thereof
to
the
garrisons
of
the
castels
,
who
in
the
dawning
of
the
daie
entred
the
towne
,
&
comming
about
the
house
,
gaue
a
great
showte
,
wherewith
Howel
awooke
,
and
coragiouslie
leapt
out
of
his
bed
,
and
sought
his
weapons
,
but
the
traitor
Gwgan
had
conueied
them
awaie
when
he
was
asleepe
.
Then
he
called
for
his
men
,
but
they
were
all
fled
to
saue
their
liues
:
and
as
he
would
haue
gotten
awaie
,
he
was
taken
by
Gwgan
and
his
companie
,
and
strangled
,
whose
bodie
he
deliuered
to
the
Normanes
,
which
cut
off
his
head
,
and
brought
it
to
the
castell
of
Rydcors
.
And
this
traitorous
murther
of
the
kings
lieutenant
was
left
vnpunished
.
For
whatsoeuer
fault
the
Normanes
committed
,
was
alwaies
winked
at
:
and
if
the
Welshmen
did
neuer
so
little
offend
the
lawes
of
the
king
,
it
was
thought
an
heinous
fault
:
which
was
the
cause
that
afterwards
they
rebelled
against
the
king
,
who
sought
nothing
but
their
vtter
destruction
.
Ran.
Cest.
li.
7.
cap.
13.
About
this
time
Anselme
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
called
a
synod
at
London
,
where
among
other
things
,
Si.
Dunelm
.
it
was
ordeined
and
decreed
,
that
priests
should
not
marrie
,
which
was
not
before
that
time
forbidden
in
Brytaine
.
This
ordinance
or
decree
seemed
to
some
verie
cleanlie
and
honest
;
but
of
other
it
was
thought
perilous
and
dangerous
,
least
they
seeking
to
be
cleane
and
honest
(
as
they
termed
it
)
should
fall
into
horrible
uncleanlinesse
and
dishonestie
,
abhominable
to
a
christian
man
:
1100
and
this
was
a
thousand
one
hundered
and
odde
yeares
,
after
the
incarnation
of
Christ
.
King
Henrie
,
in
the
fift
yeare
of
his
reigne
,
sailed
with
a
great
power
to
Normandie
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
83.
where
his
brother
Robert
,
with
Robert
de
Belesmo
,
Arnulph
and
William
Earle
of
Mauritania
gaue
him
battell
:
but
the
King
got
the
victorie
,
and
tooke
the
Duke
his
brother
and
William
de
Mauritania
prisoners
,
and
carried
them
to
England
,
whom
he
committed
to
perpetuall
prison
,
and
caused
his
brothers
eies
to
be
put
out
.
Matth.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
25.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
84.
Then
shortlie
after
died
Edgar
king
of
Scots
,
and
Alexander
his
brother
was
crowned
in
his
place
,
by
consent
of
king
Henrie
.
At
this
time
Meyric
and
Gruffyth
the
sonnes
of
Trahaern
ap
Caradoc
were
both
slaine
by
Owen
ap
Cadogan
ap
Blethyn
.
Also
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
brake
the
prison
,
where
he
had
been
a
long
time
,
and
came
home
,
and
gat
his
owne
inheritance
againe
,
and
enioied
it
quietlie
.
1108
The
yeare
1108.
the
rage
of
the
sea
did
ouerflow
and
drowne
a
great
part
of
the
lowe
countrie
of
Flanders
,
Ran.
Cest.
lib.
7.
cap.
13.
Polydor.
Iac.
Mayer
.
in
such
sort
that
the
inhabitants
were
driuen
to
seeke
themselues
other
dwelling
places
,
who
came
to
King
Henrie
,
and
desired
him
to
giue
them
some
void
place
to
remaine
in
:
who
being
verie
liberall
of
that
which
was
not
his
owne
,
gaue
them
the
land
of
Ros
in
Dyuet
or
Westwales
,
where
Penbrooke
,
Tenby
and
Hauerford
are
now
built
,
Hol.
pag.
347.
&
there
they
remaine
to
this
daie
,
as
may
well
be
perceiued
by
their
speach
and
conditions
,
farre
differing
from
the
rest
of
the
countrie
.
At
that
time
Gerald
steward
did
build
againe
the
castell
of
Penbrooke
,
in
a
place
called
Congarth
Vechan
,
and
brought
thither
all
his
houshold
stuffe
,
and
other
goods
,
with
his
wife
and
children
.
Then
also
Cadogan
ap
Blethyn
made
a
great
feast
in
Christmas
,
and
bad
all
the
Lords
of
the
countrie
to
his
house
in
Dyuet
,
among
whom
came
Owen
his
sonne
,
who
being
at
his
fathers
house
,
and
hearing
the
beautie
of
Nest
wife
to
Gerald
steward
of
Penbrooke
praised
aboue
all
the
women
in
the
land
,
was
meruelous
desirous
to
see
hir
.
And
for
so
much
as
Gladys
wife
to
Rees
ap
Theodor
or
Tewdor
,
and
mother
to
Nest
,
was
the
daughter
of
Rywalhon
ap
Convyn
,
and
coosen
germane
to
Cadogan
his
father
;
he
with
a
few
,
vnder
the
colour
of
freendship
and
coosenage
,
went
to
see
hir
:
&
finding
the
truth
to
surmount
the
fame
,
he
came
home
all
inflamed
with
hir
loue
,
and
in
that
doting
moode
the
same
night
returning
thither
againe
,
with
a
sort
of
wild
companions
entred
the
castell
priuilie
,
and
compassed
the
chamber
about
,
and
set
the
house
on
fire
,
wherewith
Gerald
and
his
wife
awoke
;
and
he
would
haue
issued
out
to
know
what
that
noise
meant
,
but
his
wife
fearing
some
treason
,
staied
him
,
and
counselled
him
to
go
to
the
priuie
,
and
so
pulling
vp
the
boord
she
helped
him
out
that
waie
,
and
then
she
came
to
the
chamber
dore
,
and
said
that
there
was
none
but
she
and
hir
children
,
yet
they
entred
in
and
sought
al
about
;
but
when
they
could
not
find
him
,
they
tooke
hir
and
hir
two
sons
,
and
a
sonne
and
a
daughter
borne
by
a
concubine
to
Gerald
,
and
caried
them
awaie
to
Powys
,
and
so
burning
the
castell
they
spoiled
all
the
countrie
.
Now
when
Cadogan
hard
this
,
he
was
verie
sorie
and
feared
the
kings
displeasure
,
and
forthwith
went
to
Powys
,
and
willed
his
sonne
to
send
home
to
Gerald
his
wife
and
children
with
his
goods
:
but
Owen
in
no
wise
would
depart
with
the
woman
,
yet
at
hir
request
he
sent
to
Gerald
his
children
againe
.
And
when
Richard
bishop
of
London
,
whom
the
king
had
appointed
Warden
of
the
Marches
being
at
Shrewsburie
hard
of
this
,
hee
was
verie
sore
offended
,
and
sent
for
Ithel
and
Madoc
the
sonnes
of
Riryd
ap
Blethyn
:
to
whom
he
promised
rich
gifts
and
great
rewards
,
besides
the
rule
of
the
whole
countrie
,
if
they
could
take
or
kill
Owen
,
to
reuenge
the
dishonor
that
he
had
doone
to
the
king
:
and
to
them
he
added
Lhywarch
the
sonne
of
Trahaern
ap
Caradoc
,
(
whose
two
brethren
Owen
had
slaine
)
and
Vchtryd
the
sonne
of
Edwyn
:
which
foure
promised
the
bishop
to
bring
him
Owen
and
his
father
either
aliue
or
dead
;
and
therevpon
foorthwith
gathered
their
power
to
destroie
the
whole
countrie
:
but
Vchtryd
sent
priuie
word
before
,
that
all
such
of
the
people
,
as
would
haue
their
liues
saued
,
should
come
to
him
.
And
when
the
countrie
heard
this
,
some
fled
to
Arustly
,
some
to
Melienyth
,
some
to
Stradtywy
,
and
some
to
Dyuet
,
where
Gerald
was
destroieng
the
countrie
.
And
at
that
time
Walter
bishop
of
Hereford
did
gather
an
armie
to
defend
Carmarthyn
,
and
met
with
such
as
fled
to
Arustly
and
Melienyth
,
and
destroied
a
great
number
of
them
.
Those
that
went
to
Stradtywy
were
gentlie
receiued
by
Meredyth
ap
Rytherch
:
and
Vchtryd
saued
all
such
as
came
to
him
:
and
so
these
foure
came
with
their
powers
to
the
castell
of
Rydcors
,
and
thought
best
to
haue
entred
the
countrie
by
night
,
and
to
take
Cadogan
and
Owen
his
sonne
vnawares
.
But
Vchtryd
dissuaded
them
from
that
,
and
thought
it
dangerous
to
enter
the
countrie
by
night
,
for
feare
of
ambushment
,
but
counselled
them
to
enter
in
by
day
with
their
men
in
good
order
.
In
the
meane
while
Cadogan
and
Owen
gat
a
ship
at
Aberystwyth
,
which
was
latelie
come
from
Ireland
and
escaped
awaie
:
and
the
daie
after
,
when
they
entred
into
the
land
,
they
found
none
of
them
that
they
sought
.
Therefore
putting
all
the
fault
vpon
Vchtryd
,
they
burned
and
spoiled
all
the
countrie
,
sauing
the
Sanctuaries
of
Padarn
and
Lhandhewi
Breui
,
yet
they
tooke
diuerse
men
out
of
those
places
,
and
caried
them
prisoners
to
their
countries
,
and
then
returned
to
their
owne
castels
againe
.
Then
Owen
,
with
such
as
had
beene
with
him
at
the
burning
of
the
castell
,
fled
to
Ireland
to
king
Murcart
,
who
receiued
him
ioiouslie
:
for
he
had
beene
there
before
in
the
time
of
the
warre
of
the
two
Earles
in
Anglesey
or
Môn
,
and
had
brought
the
king
rich
gifts
from
Wales
.
But
Cadogan
kept
himselfe
priuilie
in
Powys
,
&
sent
to
the
king
to
declare
his
innocencie
.
Tehn
the
king
was
content
,
he
should
remaine
in
the
countrie
,
and
enioy
the
towne
and
lands
that
he
had
by
his
wife
,
for
she
was
daughter
to
a
Lord
of
Normandie
called
Pygot
de
Say.
Then
Madoc
and
Ithel
his
two
nephewes
diuided
such
lands
as
he
and
his
sonne
Owen
had
in
Powys
betwixt
them
,
and
ruled
it
verie
euill
,
for
they
could
neuer
agree
among
themselues
:
within
a
while
Cadogan
made
such
freends
to
the
king
,
that
paieng
a
100.
pound
fine
,
he
should
enioy
againe
his
landes
in
Caerdigan
,
and
that
the
inhabitants
should
returne
againe
to
their
houses
and
till
the
ground
,
for
the
king
had
giuen
commandement
,
that
no
Welshman
nor
Normane
should
dwell
within
Caerdigan
.
When
they
that
were
in
Ireland
vnderstood
this
,
they
returned
home
priuilie
,
and
hid
themselues
in
their
coosens
houses
,
and
shortlie
after
Owen
returned
againe
to
Wales
;
but
not
to
Caerdigan
:
for
his
father
had
receiued
that
land
vpon
such
condition
,
that
he
should
not
suffer
Owen
to
come
therein
,
nor
succour
him
,
either
with
counsell
,
monie
or
men
.
Nowbeit
,
Owen
came
to
Powys
,
and
would
faine
haue
sent
messengers
to
the
king
,
but
he
could
get
no
man
that
durst
venture
to
speake
for
him
.
Also
at
that
time
there
happened
some
variance
betwixt
Madoc
ap
Riryd
,
and
the
bishop
of
London
,
lieutenant
of
the
Marches
,
about
certeine
felons
of
England
that
had
fled
to
him
for
succor
,
whom
the
bishop
sent
for
,
but
could
not
get
:
wherfore
he
was
sore
offended
with
him
.
Then
Riryd
vnderstanding
of
that
,
sent
to
Owen
,
&
desired
his
freendship
,
whose
greatest
enimie
he
was
before
:
and
by
this
meanes
they
were
made
freends
,
and
swore
either
to
other
,
that
none
of
them
should
betraie
the
other
,
nor
agree
by
himselfe
with
the
king
or
with
his
officers
,
without
the
other
:
and
therevpon
they
burned
and
spoiled
the
lands
of
such
as
they
loued
not
,
1109
&
destroied
all
things
that
they
met
withall
.
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
26.
Ran.
Cest.
lib.
2.
cap.
14.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
85.
At
this
time
also
the
Emperour
Henrie
did
send
his
ambassadors
to
entreate
of
a
mariage
with
Mawd
the
daughter
of
king
Henrie
,
and
had
hir
to
his
wife
.
And
shortlie
after
the
king
banished
and
disinherited
Peter
de
Bruse
,
William
Mallet
,
and
William
Baynard
,
and
put
to
death
the
Earle
of
Mayne
.
That
yeare
appeared
a
terrible
Comete
.
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
27.
Then
also
the
king
remembred
Iorwerth
ap
Blethyn
,
whom
he
had
kept
long
in
prison
,
and
sent
to
know
of
him
,
what
time
he
would
paie
to
haue
his
libertie
;
and
he
promised
the
king
300.
pound
,
or
the
worth
thereof
in
cattell
or
horses
:
then
the
king
set
him
at
libertie
,
and
gaue
him
his
land
againe
,
and
gaue
ten
pound
of
that
monie
to
Henrie
,
sonne
to
Cadogan
by
the
daughter
of
Pygot
.
All
this
while
Owen
and
Madoc
were
burning
and
spoiling
the
Englishmen
and
Normanes
,
and
euer
withdrew
themselues
to
the
land
of
Iorwerth
,
which
thing
greeued
him
greatly
;
wherevpon
he
sent
word
of
his
danger
,
desiring
them
to
spare
his
land
,
&
Cadogans
:
for
if
it
were
knowne
that
they
came
in
anie
of
theirs
,
the
land
was
forfeited
to
the
king
.
When
Owen
and
Riryd
heard
this
,
they
vsed
his
countrie
more
often
than
they
were
woont
:
then
Iorwerth
seeing
that
,
chased
them
out
of
his
countrie
.
Then
they
went
to
the
countrie
of
Vchtryd
in
Merionyth
shire
,
and
the
sons
of
Vchtryd
sent
word
to
their
people
to
keepe
them
out
of
their
countrie
,
and
so
they
did
:
for
meeting
them
by
the
waie
,
they
set
vpon
them
,
and
Owen
and
Madoc
defended
themselues
manfullie
:
but
at
the
last
they
and
their
men
were
driuen
backe
,
and
so
they
fled
,
Owen
to
Caerdigan
to
his
fathers
countrie
,
and
Madoc
to
Powys
.
Then
Owen
with
his
companions
made
diuerse
roades
to
Dyuet
,
and
spoiled
the
countrie
,
carieng
awaie
the
men
and
the
cattell
to
the
ships
that
they
came
in
from
Ireland
,
and
after
ransomed
them
,
and
gathered
a
great
number
to
him
,
&
set
vpon
a
towne
of
Flemings
and
burned
it
,
and
returned
to
Caerdigan
,
nothing
esteeming
his
fathers
danger
,
nor
the
kings
displeasure
.
At
this
time
it
chansed
that
Owens
men
among
other
mischeefes
laid
wait
for
a
bishop
that
was
towards
the
king
,
whose
name
was
William
de
Brabant
,
and
slew
him
and
all
his
men
.
Then
Iorwerth
&
Cadogan
were
at
the
court
to
speake
with
the
king
,
concerning
certaine
businesse
of
their
owne
:
and
as
the
king
talked
with
them
,
behold
there
came
in
a
Fleming
,
brother
to
the
dead
bishop
,
who
made
an
exclamation
,
declaring
how
Owen
ap
Cadogans
men
had
slaine
his
brother
and
a
great
number
moe
,
and
how
they
were
succoured
in
Cadogans
land
.
Then
the
king
being
therewith
sore
displeased
,
asked
Cadogan
what
he
could
saie
to
the
matter
,
and
he
putting
all
the
fault
in
his
son
,
excused
himselfe
as
well
as
he
could
.
Then
said
the
king
to
Cadogan
;
Seeing
thou
canst
not
keepe
thine
owne
,
but
that
thy
son
and
thy
companions
shal
be
receiued
and
succored
therein
in
disorder
,
I
will
giue
it
one
that
will
keepe
them
out
,
&
I
will
keepe
thee
at
my
charges
all
thy
life
,
charging
thee
vpon
thine
allegeance
,
that
thou
enter
not
within
Wales
,
vntill
such
time
as
I
haue
taken
further
order
.
And
so
the
king
gaue
him
twentie
daies
,
and
set
him
at
libertie
to
go
whither
he
would
,
sauing
to
Wales
.
When
Owen
and
Madoc
heard
this
,
they
departed
to
Ireland
.
Then
the
king
foorthwith
sent
for
Gilbert
sirnamed
Strangbow
Earle
of
Strygill
,
which
was
a
noble
,
valiant
and
a
woorthie
knight
,
to
whom
he
said
thus
;
Thou
hast
beene
diuerse
times
a
suter
to
me
to
haue
some
lands
in
Wales
,
and
now
I
giue
thee
all
the
lands
and
inheritance
of
Cadogan
ap
Blethyn
,
win
it
and
take
it
.
Gilbert
receiued
it
ioifullie
,
and
thanked
the
king
,
and
gathered
all
the
power
he
might
,
&
landed
in
Caerdigan
shire
,
and
brought
the
countrie
to
his
subiection
without
anie
contradiction
.
Then
he
builded
two
faire
castels
there
,
one
towards
Northwales
vppon
the
riuer
Ystwyth
at
the
sea
shore
,
a
mile
from
Lhanbadarn
:
another
towards
Dyuet
vpon
the
riuer
Teiui
,
Cilgarran
,
as
some
thinke
.
at
a
place
called
Dyngerant
,
where
Roger
Mountgomery
had
begonne
a
castell
before
time
.
And
shortlie
after
Madoc
ap
Riryd
returned
from
Ireland
,
because
he
could
not
well
awaie
with
the
maners
and
conditions
of
the
Irishmen
,
and
being
arriued
came
to
the
countrie
of
his
vncle
Iorwerth
,
who
hearing
that
,
and
fearing
to
lose
his
lands
(
as
his
brother
Cadogan
had
doone
)
made
proclamation
that
no
man
should
d
ee
for
him
,
but
take
him
for
his
enimie
.
Which
when
Madoc
vnderstood
,
he
gathered
to
him
a
number
of
vnthrifts
and
outlawes
,
and
kept
himselfe
in
the
rockes
and
woods
,
deuising
all
the
meanes
he
could
to
be
reuenged
vpon
Iorwerth
,
for
that
vnkindnes
and
discourtesie
as
he
tooke
it
,
and
so
entred
freendship
priuily
with
Lhywarch
ap
Trahaern
,
who
hated
Iorwerth
to
the
death
.
Then
hauing
knowledge
that
Iorwerth
laie
one
night
at
Caereneon
,
they
two
gathered
all
their
strength
,
&
came
about
the
house
at
midnight
,
then
Iorwerth
&
his
men
awoke
,
and
defended
the
house
manfullie
,
vntill
their
foes
set
the
same
on
fire
:
which
when
Iorwerths
men
saw
,
euerie
one
shifted
for
himselfe
,
so
that
some
scaped
through
the
fire
,
and
the
rest
were
either
burnt
or
slaine
,
or
both
.
Then
Iorwerth
himselfe
seeing
no
remedie
,
aduentured
rather
to
be
slaine
than
burned
and
came
out
:
but
his
enimies
receiued
him
vpon
sharpe
speares
,
and
ouerthrew
him
in
the
fire
,
and
so
he
died
a
cruell
death
.
As
soone
as
the
king
vnderstood
this
,
he
called
Cadogan
before
him
,
&
gaue
him
his
brothers
land
,
which
was
Powys
,
and
promised
Owen
his
pardon
,
willing
his
father
to
send
for
him
to
Ireland
.
About
this
time
king
Henrie
preferred
his
base
sonne
Robert
to
the
marriage
of
Mabil
,
daughter
and
sole
heire
of
Robert
Fitzhamon
Lord
of
Glamorgan
,
in
whose
right
the
said
Robert
was
Lord
of
Glamorgan
,
and
was
also
at
the
same
time
by
his
said
father
,
created
Earle
of
Glocester
:
he
builded
the
castell
of
Cardyff
.
Now
when
Madoc
saw
his
other
vncle
Cadogan
rule
the
countrie
,
he
hid
himselfe
in
rough
and
desert
places
,
and
adding
one
mischiefe
vpon
another
,
determined
also
to
murther
him
by
one
waie
or
other
.
Therefore
after
that
Cadogan
had
brought
the
countrie
to
some
staie
of
quietnesse
,
and
saw
right
and
iustice
ministred
therein
,
hauing
euer
an
eie
&
respect
to
the
king
,
he
came
to
the
Trallwng
(
now
called
the
Poole
)
and
the
elders
of
the
countrie
with
him
,
and
minding
to
dwell
there
,
began
to
build
a
castell
.
Then
Madoc
pretending
nothing
but
mischiefe
,
hearing
this
,
came
suddenlie
vpon
him
,
&
Cadogan
thinking
no
hurt
,
was
slaine
before
he
could
either
fight
or
flee
.
After
this
Madoc
sent
streight
to
the
bishop
of
London
the
kings
lieutenant
at
Shrewesburie
,
&
praied
him
to
remember
what
he
had
promised
him
before
time
,
when
he
chased
Owen
out
of
the
land
,
for
the
bishop
hated
Owen
and
Cadogan
,
and
gaue
Madoc
all
such
lands
as
his
brother
Ithel
was
possessed
of
.
Now
Meredyth
the
sonne
of
Blethyn
hearing
of
the
death
of
both
his
brethren
,
sped
himself
to
the
king
,
desiring
of
him
the
lands
of
Iorwerth
,
which
Cadogan
had
latelie
obteined
,
and
the
king
gaue
him
the
rule
thereof
,
till
such
time
as
Owen
sonne
to
Cadogan
was
come
from
Ireland
:
who
came
shortlie
after
,
and
went
to
the
king
,
who
receiued
him
to
his
peace
,
and
gaue
him
his
lands
.
Wherevpon
Owen
promised
to
the
king
a
great
fine
,
and
gaue
pledges
for
paiement
of
the
same
.
Likewise
Madoc
did
fine
to
the
king
for
his
peace
and
lands
:
neuerthelesse
,
the
king
bad
him
take
heede
of
the
kinsfolkes
of
such
as
he
had
murthered
,
vpon
his
owne
perill
.
In
the
yeare
1111.
Robert
de
Belesmo
was
taken
by
the
king
in
Normandie
,
1111
and
committed
to
perpetuall
prison
in
Warham
,
too
gentle
a
punishment
for
so
cruell
and
bloodthirstie
a
man
as
hee
was
:
for
all
his
delite
was
therin
,
in
so
much
that
he
put
out
both
the
eies
of
his
owne
child
with
his
thumbes
for
a
pastime
,
as
the
boy
plaied
vnder
his
gowne
.
1112
The
yeare
after
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
sent
a
number
of
his
men
to
make
a
road
into
the
countrie
of
Lhywarch
ap
Trahaern
ap
Gwyn
,
who
was
Meredythes
and
Owens
enimie
,
as
he
that
succoured
Madoc
to
kill
his
vncles
Iorwerth
and
Cadogan
,
Meredyths
brethren
.
These
men
,
as
they
passed
through
the
countrie
of
Madoc
in
the
night
,
they
met
with
a
man
which
belonged
to
the
said
Madoc
,
whome
they
tooke
,
and
examined
him
where
his
maister
was
:
and
he
first
said
that
he
could
not
tell
;
but
being
put
in
feare
of
death
,
he
confessed
that
he
was
not
far
from
thence
.
Therefore
they
laie
quietlie
there
all
the
night
,
and
in
the
dawning
they
came
suddenlie
upon
Madoc
and
his
men
,
where
they
slew
a
great
number
of
them
,
and
taking
Madoc
prisoner
,
they
brought
him
to
their
Lord
,
who
was
right
glad
thereof
,
and
put
him
in
safe
prison
,
till
he
had
sent
word
to
his
Nephew
Owen
,
who
came
thither
streight
,
then
Meredyth
deliuered
Madoc
vnto
him
.
And
albeit
he
had
slaine
Owens
father
being
his
owne
vncle
,
yet
Owen
remembring
the
freendship
and
oth
that
had
beene
betwixt
them
two
in
times
past
,
would
not
put
him
to
death
,
but
putting
out
his
eies
let
him
go
.
Then
Meredyth
&
Owen
diuided
his
lands
betwixt
them
,
which
was
Caereneon
,
Aberhiw
,
and
the
third
part
of
Devthwr
.
1113
The
yeare
following
,
king
Henrie
prepared
an
armie
against
Wales
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
27.
Ran.
Cest.
li.
7.
Io.
Castor
.
Polydor.
lib.
11.
being
thereto
prouoked
by
such
as
would
haue
the
Welshmens
lands
,
that
was
Gilbert
Strangbow
Earle
of
Strygill
,
to
whom
the
king
had
giuen
Caerdigan
,
who
made
sore
complaints
vpon
Owen
ap
Cadogan
,
declaring
that
he
receiued
and
maintained
such
as
robbed
and
spoiled
in
his
countrie
.
Also
Hugh
Earle
of
Chester
said
no
lesse
by
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
prince
of
Northwales
,
how
that
his
men
and
the
men
of
Grono
ap
Owen
ap
Edwyn
Lord
of
Tegengl
spoiled
and
burned
the
countrie
of
Cheshire
,
adding
,
to
aggrauate
the
matter
,
that
Gruffyth
did
neither
owe
seruice
nor
paied
anie
tribute
to
the
king
:
wherefore
the
king
swore
that
he
would
not
leaue
one
liuing
creature
in
Northwales
and
Powys
land
,
Hol.
pag.
352.
but
destroie
the
land
vtterlie
&
put
in
new
inhabitants
.
Then
parting
his
armie
into
three
bands
:
the
leading
of
the
first
he
committed
to
Gilbert
Earle
of
Strigill
,
wherein
was
the
whole
power
of
all
the
fourth
part
of
England
&
Cornwall
against
Southwales
:
the
leading
of
the
second
had
Alexander
king
of
Scotland
&
Hugh
Earle
of
Chester
,
wherein
the
power
of
Scotland
and
the
North
was
,
who
went
against
Northwales
:
and
the
king
lead
the
third
himselfe
,
wherin
was
the
strength
of
middle
England
.
Then
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
hearing
this
,
came
and
yeelded
himselfe
to
the
king
.
But
Owen
fearing
to
commit
himselfe
to
them
which
were
so
greedie
of
his
lands
,
fled
to
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
to
Northwales
:
whervpon
the
king
turned
all
his
strength
that
waie
,
and
came
himselfe
as
far
as
Murcastelh
,
and
the
king
of
Scots
as
far
as
Pennant
Bachwy
:
but
the
people
fled
to
the
mountaines
and
woods
and
caried
all
their
victuals
and
cattell
with
them
,
so
that
the
king
could
not
folow
them
;
and
such
of
his
men
as
entred
the
land
,
were
either
slaine
or
galled
in
the
straites
.
Then
the
Scottish
king
did
send
to
the
prince
to
come
and
yeeld
him
to
the
king
,
and
promised
him
the
kings
peace
,
but
he
was
acquainted
with
such
promises
and
would
not
.
Then
the
king
,
because
hee
would
not
returne
without
owing
of
some
thing
,
sent
to
Owen
to
come
to
him
,
and
to
forsake
the
prince
who
was
not
able
to
defend
himselfe
,
but
was
readie
to
make
peace
with
the
Scottish
king
and
the
Erle
of
Chester
.
Yet
for
all
this
Owen
would
not
trust
the
king
,
vntill
such
time
as
his
vncle
Meredyth
came
from
the
king
to
him
,
and
counselled
him
not
to
forsake
the
king
of
Englands
offer
,
but
to
trust
his
promise
,
and
to
make
hast
before
the
prince
agreed
with
the
king
,
who
offered
him
all
his
lands
without
tribute
.
Then
Owen
hearing
this
came
to
the
king
,
who
receiued
him
thankfullie
,
and
told
him
;
that
because
he
had
trusted
the
kings
word
and
promise
,
he
would
not
onlie
performe
that
,
but
also
exalt
him
aboue
all
his
kinne
,
and
giue
him
his
lands
without
tribute
.
The
Prince
also
hearing
of
this
sent
to
the
king
to
haue
his
peace
,
which
(
because
the
king
could
not
come
by
him
)
he
obtained
for
a
great
summe
of
monie
.
Some
Brytish
copies
affirme
,
that
the
submission
both
of
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
&
also
of
Owen
ap
Cadogan
,
was
procured
by
the
subtile
policie
of
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
and
the
Earle
of
Chester
:
the
one
working
with
Gruffyth
,
and
bearing
him
in
hand
,
that
Owen
had
submitted
himselfe
to
the
king
,
&
made
his
peace
with
him
,
before
it
was
so
in
déede
:
so
that
the
prince
somewhat
yéelding
to
the
Earles
request
,
if
Owen
had
so
done
contrarie
to
his
oth
(
for
they
were
sworne
either
to
other
,
the
one
not
to
agrée
without
the
assent
of
the
other
)
séemed
to
incline
to
peace
.
On
the
other
side
Meredyth
going
himselfe
in
person
to
his
Nephew
Owen
,
affirmed
for
a
truth
,
that
the
Prince
and
the
Earle
of
Chester
were
throughlie
agréed
concerning
peace
,
and
that
the
Prince
was
on
his
iournie
towards
the
king
to
make
his
submission
:
and
in
the
meane
time
all
messengers
betwéene
Owen
and
the
Prince
were
(
by
the
procurement
of
Meredyth
intercepted
:
wherevpon
Owen
willinglie
yéelded
himselfe
to
the
King.
Then
the
king
hauing
finished
his
busines
in
Wales
,
called
Owen
vnto
him
,
and
told
him
that
if
he
would
go
with
him
to
Normandie
,
and
be
faithfull
vnto
him
,
he
would
performe
all
his
promises
with
him
.
Wherevpon
Owen
went
with
the
king
to
Normandie
,
where
he
was
made
knight
,
&
had
all
promises
performed
at
the
kings
hand
,
at
his
returne
from
Normandie
the
yeare
following
.
At
this
time
died
Griffri
bishop
of
Meneuia
,
and
the
king
made
one
Barnard
a
Norman
bishop
in
his
place
,
The
Prerogatiue
of
the
Kings
of
England
,
in
appointing
of
Bishops
,
brought
to
Wales
.
contrarie
to
the
minds
of
all
the
Clergie
of
Wales
,
who
were
alwaies
accustomed
to
choose
their
bishop
.
At
the
same
time
there
was
a
talke
through
Southwales
of
Gruffyth
the
sonne
of
Rees
ap
Theodor
,
who
for
feare
of
the
king
had
beene
of
a
child
brought
vp
in
Ireland
,
and
had
come
ouer
two
yeares
passed
,
which
time
he
had
spent
priuilie
with
his
freends
,
kinsfolks
,
and
affines
;
as
with
Gerald
steward
of
Penbrooke
his
brother
in
law
,
and
others
.
But
at
the
last
he
was
accused
to
the
king
,
that
he
intended
the
kingdome
of
Southwales
as
his
father
had
enioied
it
,
which
was
now
in
the
kings
hands
:
and
that
all
the
countrie
hoped
of
libertie
through
him
;
therefore
the
king
sent
to
take
him
.
But
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
hering
this
,
sent
to
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
prince
of
Northwales
,
desiring
him
of
his
aid
,
and
that
he
might
remaine
safelie
within
his
countrie
▪
which
he
granted
,
and
receiued
him
ioiouslie
for
his
fathers
sake
.
At
this
time
also
Howel
the
brother
of
this
Gruffyth
,
being
committed
to
prison
by
Arnulph
Earle
of
Penbrooke
,
in
the
castell
of
Mountgomery
,
where
he
remained
prisoner
a
great
while
,
made
an
escape
,
and
being
sore
hurt
and
maimed
,
fled
to
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
,
where
his
brother
was
.
Which
things
when
the
king
heard
,
he
sent
gentle
letters
to
the
Prince
,
desiring
him
to
come
and
speake
with
him
,
which
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
did
,
whom
the
king
receiued
honorablie
,
and
gaue
him
rich
gifts
and
pretious
iewels
,
after
the
vsage
of
the
Normanes
,
who
make
much
of
men
for
to
serue
their
turne
.
Then
afterward
he
talked
with
him
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
,
promising
him
mountaines
of
gold
,
to
send
the
said
Gruffyth
or
his
head
vnto
him
;
the
which
thing
the
Prince
(
being
deceiued
with
the
faire
words
of
the
king
)
promised
to
doo
,
and
so
returned
home
ioifullie
.
But
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
and
Howel
his
brother
had
counsell
giuen
them
,
to
withdraw
themselues
out
of
the
waie
awhile
,
vntill
they
vnderstood
what
the
Prince
would
doo
,
for
their
freends
suspected
the
kings
message
.
The
Prince
,
assoone
as
euer
he
came
to
his
palace
at
Arberffraw
,
inquired
for
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
,
and
learning
where
he
was
,
sent
certaine
horsemen
for
him
to
come
to
his
court
:
and
as
they
came
towards
the
house
where
he
was
,
he
had
warning
of
their
comming
,
and
with
much
adoo
escaped
to
the
Church
of
Aberdaron
,
and
tooke
Sanctuarie
there
.
Then
the
messengers
returned
againe
,
and
declared
to
the
Prince
how
all
things
fell
out
,
and
the
Prince
being
sore
offended
,
commanded
him
to
be
pulled
out
by
force
:
but
the
Clergie
of
the
whole
countrie
withstood
that
,
and
defended
the
liberties
of
the
Church
.
That
night
some
that
pitied
to
see
that
yoong
innocent
to
be
sought
as
a
lambe
to
the
slaughter
,
conueied
him
away
out
of
Northwales
to
Stratywy
in
Southwales
,
where
he
was
compelled
for
safegard
of
his
owne
life
to
rebell
against
the
king
:
and
so
gathering
all
the
power
he
could
to
him
,
made
warre
against
the
Flemings
and
Normanes
.
The
next
yeare
after
,
to
wit
1116.
1116
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
did
gather
his
power
togither
,
Polydor.
lib.
11.
Hol.
pag.
353.
Mar.
Scotus
.
and
laid
siege
to
a
castell
that
was
ouer
against
Arberth
,
and
wan
the
same
,
&
made
it
plaine
with
the
ground
:
then
he
came
before
the
castell
of
Richard
de
Pwns
at
Lhanymdhyfry
,
to
whom
the
king
had
giuen
the
Cautref
Bychan
,
and
would
haue
burnt
it
;
but
Meredyth
ap
Rytherch
ap
Caradoc
lieutenant
of
the
same
and
the
garrison
defended
it
manfullie
:
yet
Gruffyth
burnt
the
vtterward
,
and
slew
manie
of
the
garrison
,
and
likewise
lost
manie
of
his
owne
men
,
and
so
returned
without
profit
.
From
thence
he
went
to
Abertawy
,
and
laid
siege
to
the
castell
which
Henrie
Beumount
Earle
of
Warwicke
had
built
,
and
likewise
burned
the
vtterward
and
the
court
house
,
&
destroied
the
countrie
to
Stratywy
.
Then
a
great
number
of
wild
yoong
men
drew
to
the
said
Gruffyth
from
euerie
place
,
so
that
he
began
to
waxe
strong
,
and
made
roads
into
Ros
and
Dyuet
,
spoiling
and
robbing
all
the
countrie
.
Wherefore
the
Normanes
and
Flemings
consulted
how
to
remedie
that
mischiefe
,
and
called
to
them
all
such
as
were
the
kings
freends
and
lords
in
the
countrie
,
as
Owen
ap
Rytherch
,
and
Rytherch
ap
Theodor
,
and
his
sonnes
Meredyth
&
Owen
,
whose
mother
was
Heynyth
the
daughter
of
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
,
and
Owen
ap
Caradoc
whose
mother
was
Gwenlhian
another
daughter
of
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
,
and
Meredyth
ap
Rytherch
;
and
asked
whether
they
were
true
and
faithfull
to
the
king
of
England
,
and
they
said
they
were
.
If
you
be
(
said
they
)
you
must
keepe
and
defend
the
kings
castel
of
Carmarthyn
,
and
that
after
this
maner
:
first
Owen
ap
Caradoc
shall
keepe
it
a
fortnight
,
and
Rytherch
ap
Theodor
and
his
sonnes
another
fortnight
,
and
so
by
course
,
which
they
were
content
to
doo
.
Then
Owen
tooke
vpon
him
the
keeping
of
the
castell
,
and
the
castell
of
Robert
Courtmaine
in
Abercomyn
or
Abercorran
was
committed
to
Blethyn
ap
Gadivor
.
Shortlie
after
,
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
sent
spies
to
vnderstand
the
estate
of
Caermarthyn
and
the
castell
,
who
vewed
it
,
&
brought
him
good
tidings
:
therefore
he
came
with
his
power
suddenlie
vpon
the
towne
,
and
gaue
a
great
shout
;
and
Owen
ap
Caradoc
,
which
kept
it
,
ranne
to
the
place
where
the
shout
was
giuen
,
thinking
that
his
men
would
haue
followed
him
,
but
the
most
part
of
them
fled
,
and
so
Owen
was
staine
fighting
manfullie
,
and
the
towne
wonne
and
destroied
all
saue
the
castell
,
which
was
sore
defaced
.
So
Gruffyth
returned
to
his
accustomed
place
with
great
spoile
and
bootie
:
wherevpon
a
great
number
of
lustie
yoong
men
drew
vnto
him
,
and
serued
him
,
thinking
that
all
was
his
.
After
that
he
went
to
Gwyr
,
and
wan
a
castell
and
burnt
it
.
Then
William
de
Londres
forsooke
his
castell
,
and
fled
with
his
men
,
but
Gruffyth
destroied
the
castell
,
and
caried
awaie
all
the
cattell
and
spoile
of
the
countrie
:
and
when
the
men
of
Caerdigan
heard
this
,
they
sent
for
Gruffyth
,
choosing
him
rather
to
be
their
head
and
ruler
,
being
their
coosen
and
countrie
man
than
anie
other
.
Wherfore
he
went
thither
vnto
them
,
and
was
well
receiued
of
Cadiuor
ap
Grono
,
and
Howel
ap
Dinerth
,
and
Trahaern
ap
Ithel
,
who
had
forsaken
Dyuet
,
&
left
it
full
of
Normans
,
Flemings
,
and
Englishmen
.
There
were
also
manie
strangers
in
Caerdigan
,
which
ruled
that
countrie
,
but
yet
the
people
hated
them
,
not
forgetting
the
wrongs
that
they
had
receiued
at
their
hands
.
Notwithstanding
,
Henrie
king
of
England
had
brought
all
that
countrie
to
his
subiection
,
some
by
force
,
some
by
vanishment
,
and
some
by
gifts
&
rewards
.
Whereat
Gruffyth
was
nothing
dismaid
,
but
boldlie
came
to
Caerdigan
Iscoed
,
and
laid
siege
to
a
strong
hold
which
Earle
Gilbert
&
the
Flemings
builded
at
Blaen
Porth
Gwithan
.
Where
after
long
fight
,
&
diuerse
assaults
,
with
the
slaughter
of
diuerse
within
,
and
but
one
of
his
men
,
they
burned
the
towne
,
and
brought
the
countrie
to
subiection
.
Then
all
the
strangers
fled
awaie
and
left
their
houses
,
which
the
Welshmen
burned
and
destroied
all
to
Penwedic
.
Then
they
assaulted
the
castell
in
Stradpythylh
,
(
which
belonged
to
Raphe
Erle
Gilberts
steward
)
and
got
it
,
and
slew
the
men
that
were
within
.
And
from
thence
they
camped
at
Glasgryg
a
mile
from
Lhanbadarn
,
where
they
did
wrong
to
the
church
,
for
they
tooke
out
some
of
the
cattell
to
vittaile
themselues
,
Priuilege
of
sanctuarie
claimed
for
cattell
.
that
were
within
the
compas
of
the
Sanctuarie
:
then
they
purposed
to
laie
siege
to
the
castell
of
Aberystwyth
the
daie
folowing
.
Which
being
declared
to
Raphe
steward
,
he
sent
priuilie
to
the
castell
of
Stratmeyric
(
which
Gilbert
had
built
)
for
succour
,
which
he
conueied
from
thence
by
night
.
The
daie
folowing
Gruffyth
came
towards
the
castell
out
of
order
,
fearing
nothing
,
and
did
not
vnderstand
what
number
of
men
was
within
the
castell
,
and
so
stood
vpon
a
hill
(
the
riuer
being
betwixt
him
and
the
castell
with
a
bridge
to
passe
ouer
)
where
he
and
his
men
staied
and
consulted
concerning
the
making
of
engines
to
assault
it
,
vntill
it
was
the
euening
,
at
which
time
the
Normanes
(
seeing
their
disorder
)
sent
archers
to
the
riuer
side
,
to
skirmish
with
them
,
to
intice
the
Welshmen
to
the
bridge
,
that
the
armed
horsemen
might
suddenlie
issue
out
and
set
vpon
the
naked
footmen
.
Then
the
Welshmen
approched
neare
to
the
bridge
and
skirmished
with
them
,
&
suddenlie
issue
foorth
one
horseman
,
and
would
haue
passed
the
bridge
,
but
his
horse
was
wounded
with
a
pike
and
began
to
faile
,
&
as
he
returned
to
the
footemen
he
fell
of
his
horse
,
and
the
Welshmen
pursued
him
ouer
the
bridge
.
When
the
Englishmen
sawe
that
,
they
fled
towards
the
castell
,
and
the
Welshmen
folowed
to
the
hill
top
,
and
suddenlie
the
ambush
of
horsemen
that
laie
vnder
the
hill
thrust
betwixt
them
that
had
passed
ouer
&
the
bridge
,
and
they
that
fled
turned
backe
with
more
strength
,
and
so
the
Welshmen
were
compassed
on
either
side
,
and
the
bridge
so
kept
that
no
rescue
could
come
to
them
,
where
they
were
slaine
for
the
most
part
all
,
being
all
naked
men
.
Then
the
rest
seeing
the
great
number
of
the
men
armed
which
they
looked
not
for
,
turned
backe
,
and
departed
the
countrie
.
Now
when
the
king
heard
of
all
these
slaughters
and
spoiles
,
he
sent
for
Owen
ap
Cadogan
to
him
,
to
whom
when
he
came
the
king
said
:
Owen
I
haue
found
thee
true
and
faithfull
vnto
me
,
therefore
I
desire
thee
to
take
or
kill
that
murtherer
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
,
that
doth
so
trouble
my
louing
subiects
;
I
assure
thee
my
cheefe
trust
is
in
thee
,
and
in
Lhywarch
ap
Trahaern
,
who
shall
go
with
thee
,
and
you
two
shall
waite
vpon
my
sonne
Robert
,
whom
I
will
send
shortlie
against
that
traitour
with
an
armie
.
And
looke
how
thou
seruest
me
at
this
time
,
so
will
I
recompense
thee
without
faile
.
Then
Owen
being
wonderfull
glad
that
the
king
put
such
confidence
in
him
,
encouraged
his
men
to
doo
their
indeuour
at
this
time
to
pleasure
the
King
,
as
they
had
doone
heretofore
to
offend
him
:
and
so
ioining
with
Lhywarch
,
they
went
towards
Stratywy
,
to
meete
with
the
kings
sonne
.
And
when
they
came
to
the
confines
of
the
countrie
,
they
made
a
vowe
that
neither
man
woman
nor
child
should
escape
their
hands
aliue
.
When
the
people
vnderstood
of
this
cruell
band
,
they
fled
out
of
the
countrie
,
some
to
woods
,
some
to
rocks
and
caues
,
and
some
to
the
kings
castels
to
saue
their
liues
.
Then
they
diuided
their
people
to
enter
the
woods
and
straits
,
which
be
verie
manie
in
that
countrie
.
And
Owen
himselfe
tooke
with
him
about
100.
men
,
and
entred
the
wood
,
and
perceiued
that
men
and
cattell
had
passed
that
waie
,
whom
he
followed
and
ouertooke
,
&
slaieng
some
of
them
,
put
the
rest
to
flight
:
then
taking
their
cattell
returned
backe
towards
his
companie
.
But
at
that
instant
,
behold
,
Gerald
steward
of
Penbroke
,
with
all
his
power
of
Flemings
was
comming
to
meete
the
kings
sonne
,
and
met
with
them
that
fled
,
who
cried
out
vnto
him
for
helpe
,
and
declared
that
Owen
ap
Cadogan
had
spoiled
them
of
all
their
goods
.
Now
when
Gerald
and
the
Flemings
vnderstood
that
Owen
was
there
with
so
litle
companie
,
they
thought
it
a
meete
time
to
be
reuenged
of
their
old
wrongs
,
and
so
pursued
him
to
the
woods
.
Owen
being
warned
by
his
men
,
that
a
great
number
pursued
him
,
and
counselled
to
make
hast
awaie
,
would
not
so
doo
,
bicause
he
vnderstood
them
that
followed
to
be
the
kings
freends
,
and
nothing
doubted
of
them
.
But
when
they
came
nigh
,
they
began
to
shoot
at
his
men
,
who
would
haue
had
Owen
to
flee
,
but
he
turned
manfullie
to
his
enimies
,
and
encouraged
his
men
to
fight
,
affirming
,
that
although
their
enimies
were
seauen
to
one
,
This
reproch
and
defacing
of
anie
nation
doth
neuer
come
to
good
end
.
Ric.
3.
at
Bosworth
field
.
yet
they
were
but
Flemings
and
such
as
feared
their
names
,
and
were
good
for
nothing
but
to
emptie
cuppes
,
and
with
that
set
vpon
them
couragiouslie
.
And
it
chanced
that
at
the
first
meeting
Owen
was
stricken
with
an
arrowe
to
the
heart
,
and
slaine
:
which
thing
when
his
men
sawe
they
fled
,
and
brought
word
to
Lhywarch
ap
Trahaern
and
their
fellowes
,
who
suspecting
the
kings
armie
,
seeing
they
could
not
trust
them
in
the
kings
seruice
,
returned
to
their
countrie
.
Polydor.
lib
11.
Hol.
pag.
354.
About
this
time
,
the
order
and
court
of
Parliament
began
first
in
England
.
The
kings
of
elder
time
did
neuer
lightlie
call
togither
all
the
states
of
the
realme
,
vnlesse
it
were
in
the
begining
of
their
gouernment
,
to
settle
things
in
quietnesse
at
their
Coronations
,
or
when
some
great
warre
was
in
hand
:
otherwise
in
the
ordering
of
the
common
wealth
the
kings
did
all
things
by
their
officers
,
with
directions
and
edicts
,
or
by
such
of
the
nobilitie
as
were
chifee
rulers
in
their
seuerall
counties
.
After
the
death
of
Owen
,
his
brethren
diuided
his
landes
betweene
them
,
sauing
that
which
he
had
taken
by
force
from
his
vncle
Meredyth
,
being
the
lands
of
Madoc
ap
Riryd
ap
Blethyn
.
The
names
of
his
brethren
were
these
:
Madoc
whose
mother
was
Gwenlhian
the
daughter
of
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
,
The
children
of
Cadogan
ap
Blethyn
.
Eneon
whose
mother
was
Sanna
the
daughter
of
Dyfnwal
:
Morgan
whose
mother
was
Evelhiw
or
Elhiw
the
daughter
of
Cadivor
ap
Colhoyn
lord
of
Dyuet
:
Henrie
and
Gruffyth
whose
mother
was
the
daughter
of
the
lord
Pigot
Cadogans
wedded
wife
,
Meredyth
by
Evrvron
Hoedliw
,
Owen
was
the
sonne
of
Inerth
the
daughter
of
Edwyn
.
After
this
,
Eneon
ap
Cadogan
and
Gruffyth
ap
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
did
lead
their
power
against
a
castell
that
Vchtryd
ap
Edwyn
had
built
at
Cymmer
in
Merionyth
,
for
Cadogan
had
giuen
to
his
coosen
germane
Vchtryd
,
Merionyth
and
Ceuilioc
,
vpon
condition
that
he
and
his
should
be
freends
to
his
freends
,
and
foes
to
his
foes
in
all
causes
:
but
contrarie
to
that
condition
,
he
and
his
sonnes
were
euer
against
Cadogans
children
,
in
euerie
enterprise
that
they
went
about
.
Therfore
after
they
had
set
vpon
the
castell
,
and
slaine
diuerse
of
the
garrison
,
the
rest
yeelded
to
them
,
and
so
when
they
had
wonne
all
the
countrie
they
diuided
it
betwixt
them
.
Thus
Gruffyth
ap
Meredyth
had
Mowthwy
,
Cyuelioc
,
and
halfe
Penlhyn
;
and
the
other
halfe
of
Penlhyn
&
Merionyth
came
to
Eneon
.
An.
1116.
1116
king
Henrie
sailed
into
Normandie
with
a
great
armie
against
the
French
king
,
Hol.
pag.
355.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
89.
who
with
the
Erle
of
Flanders
and
others
went
about
to
make
William
sonne
to
Robert
Curthoise
duke
of
Normandie
;
but
at
king
Henries
arriuall
they
returned
home
without
honor
.
This
yeere
died
William
Strangbow
of
a
consumption
.
The
next
yeare
after
fell
a
great
variance
betweene
Howel
ap
Ithel
Lord
of
Ros
and
Ryuonioc
,
now
Denbighland
,
and
Riryd
and
Lhywarch
the
sonnes
of
Owen
ap
Edwyn
.
Then
Howel
sent
to
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
and
to
Eneon
and
Madoc
Cadogans
sonnes
for
succour
,
who
came
downe
from
Merionyth
with
400.
men
well
appointed
and
met
with
the
sonnes
of
Owen
in
the
vallie
of
Clwyd
their
owne
land
,
which
sonnes
of
Owen
sent
for
their
coosines
the
sonnes
of
Vchtryd
to
come
with
their
powers
to
succour
them
:
&
all
these
met
togither
with
cruell
harts
,
and
fought
manfully
,
but
in
the
end
after
great
slaughter
Lhywarch
the
sonne
of
Owen
ap
Edwyn
was
slaine
,
and
with
him
Iorwerth
the
sonne
of
Nudh
which
was
a
noble
man
and
a
worthie
soldiour
,
and
Riryd
fled
:
and
so
Howel
ap
Ithel
had
the
victorie
,
but
he
was
so
sore
wounded
that
he
died
within
fourtie
daies
after
.
Then
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
and
the
sonnes
of
Cadogan
made
speed
home
for
feare
of
the
Frenchmen
,
which
laie
in
garrisons
about
Chester
.
1120
In
the
yeare
1120.
died
Murcart
the
worthiest
and
greatest
prince
in
all
Ireland
.
And
the
same
time
there
was
a
great
battell
fought
betweene
king
Henrie
,
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
29.
and
the
French
king
who
was
ouerthrowne
and
a
great
number
of
his
nobles
taken
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
89.
&
.
91
And
shortlie
after
,
as
king
Henrie
returned
towards
England
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
92.
by
misgouernment
of
the
shipmaster
,
there
was
a
ship
drowned
,
Hol.
pag.
357
Matth.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
30.
wherein
perished
the
kings
two
sonnes
William
and
Richard
,
with
his
daughter
and
niece
,
and
manie
other
to
the
number
of
150.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
92.
Hol.
pag.
358.
The
next
yeare
after
,
the
king
did
marrie
Adelyce
daughter
to
the
duke
of
Louaine
&
forthwith
prepared
a
great
armie
against
Wales
,
and
came
to
Powys
land
:
which
when
the
lords
of
the
land
,
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
,
and
the
three
sons
of
Cadogan
,
Eneon
,
Madoc
and
Morgan
saw
,
they
sent
to
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
prince
of
Northwales
to
desire
succours
at
his
hands
:
and
he
answered
that
they
should
not
receiue
anie
of
him
,
nor
enter
within
his
lands
,
for
he
had
made
peace
with
the
king
.
Thus
hauing
no
hope
of
aid
from
him
,
they
purposed
to
defend
themselues
within
their
owne
land
after
the
best
maner
they
could
,
and
set
men
to
keepe
and
defend
the
straits
wherby
their
enimies
must
needes
passe
.
And
as
it
chanced
,
the
king
himselfe
with
a
small
number
came
vnto
one
of
those
defended
places
,
for
his
whole
armie
had
goone
a
further
waie
about
,
because
of
their
carrages
:
at
whose
comming
the
men
which
kept
the
straits
skirmished
with
the
kings
men
,
and
with
their
arrowes
hauing
the
aduantage
of
the
ground
slew
some
,
and
hurt
manie
.
Among
these
one
drew
his
bowe
,
and
shooting
towards
his
foes
,
by
fortune
stroke
the
king
a
great
blow
vpon
the
breast
,
but
by
meane
of
his
maze
the
arow
hurt
him
not
;
neuerthelesse
he
was
wonderfullie
dismaied
withall
,
&
considering
how
rashlie
by
misfortune
he
might
lose
in
that
wild
countrie
the
honour
and
fame
which
he
had
wonne
before
,
did
send
to
parle
with
them
,
that
kept
the
passage
,
and
to
will
them
vnder
assurance
to
come
and
speake
with
him
:
which
they
did
.
Then
he
asked
them
whose
men
they
were
,
and
how
they
durst
be
so
bold
as
to
put
the
king
in
such
danger
;
and
they
said
that
they
were
Meredyth
ap
Blethyns
men
,
and
did
nothing
but
their
maisters
commandement
in
keeping
the
passage
.
Then
the
king
willed
them
to
go
to
their
maister
,
and
counsell
him
to
go
to
the
kings
peace
,
and
he
should
receiue
no
hurt
,
which
he
and
his
coosins
did
,
1122
and
fined
to
the
king
for
their
offenses
1000.
heads
of
cattell
,
and
the
king
returned
to
England
.
King
Henrie
hauing
thus
quieted
Wales
,
Io.
〈◊〉
leauing
the
lord
Fitzwaren
warden
or
lieutenant
of
the
Marches
,
returned
to
England
,
where
he
held
thrée
Parliaments
this
yeare
,
the
first
about
Christmasse
at
Norwych
,
the
second
about
Easter
at
Northampton
,
and
the
third
after
Whitsuntide
at
London
.
The
yeare
ensuing
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
ap
Theodor
did
kill
Gruffyth
ap
Sulhaern
,
and
Eneon
the
son
of
Cadogan
died
,
and
gaue
his
part
of
Powys
and
Merionyth
which
he
had
wonne
to
his
brother
Meredyth
:
but
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
his
vncle
put
him
backe
by
force
,
&
tooke
it
to
himselfe
.
At
this
time
the
king
did
set
at
libertie
Ithel
ap
Riryd
ap
Blethyn
,
whom
he
kept
in
prison
manie
yeares
,
who
came
home
,
thinking
to
haue
enioied
his
owne
lands
.
Now
when
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
prince
of
Northwales
heard
,
how
that
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
had
taken
by
force
the
lands
of
his
Nephew
Meredyth
ap
Cadogan
,
he
sent
his
sonnes
Cadwalhon
and
Owen
with
a
power
to
Merionyth
,
who
brought
all
the
countrie
to
their
subiection
,
and
caried
the
cheefe
men
and
the
cattell
to
Lhyyn
:
and
afterward
the
sonnes
of
Cadogan
destroied
the
land
of
Lhywarch
ap
Trahaern
,
because
he
ioined
with
the
sonnes
of
the
prince
.
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
31.
Ran.
Cest.
lib.
7.
cap.
16.
Hol.
pag.
359
Ro.
Houeden
.
H.
Hunt.
lib.
8.
About
this
time
there
came
one
Iohannes
Cremensis
a
cardinall
from
the
Pope
,
who
after
he
had
gotten
many
rich
gifts
and
rewards
of
Bishops
and
Abbots
,
held
a
synod
at
London
at
the
natiuitie
of
our
Ladie
,
where
he
inueied
bitterlie
against
the
mariage
of
priests
,
declaring
how
vnseemelie
a
thing
it
was
to
come
from
his
woman
to
the
altar
,
and
the
same
night
he
was
found
with
a
whore
in
bed
with
him
.
1125
The
yeare
1125.
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
did
kill
his
brothers
sonne
Ithel
ap
Riryd
.
And
shortlie
after
Cadwalhon
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
slew
his
three
vncles
,
Grono
,
Riryd
,
and
Meilyr
,
the
sonnes
Owen
ap
Edwyn
,
and
also
Morgan
ap
Cadogan
slew
his
brother
Meredyth
with
his
owne
hands
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
,
94.
About
this
time
died
Henrie
the
Emperour
,
who
had
maried
Mawd
king
Henries
daughter
and
heire
.
In
the
yeare
1127.
1127
the
king
sent
his
daughter
to
Normandie
,
Hol.
pag.
361
.
to
be
married
to
Geffrey
Plantagenet
,
sonne
to
the
Earle
of
Aniow
,
and
folowed
himselfe
shortlie
after
.
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
was
put
beside
the
lands
,
which
the
king
had
suffered
him
quietlie
to
possesse
,
by
the
false
accusations
of
the
Normanes
,
which
dwelled
in
the
countrie
with
him
.
And
then
also
Daniel
Archdeacon
of
Powys
died
,
a
man
both
learned
and
godlie
,
who
trauelled
all
his
time
to
set
peace
and
concord
betwixt
his
countriemen
.
An.
1128.
died
Gruffyth
ap
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
,
and
the
same
yeare
Lhewelyn
the
sonne
of
Owen
ap
Cadogan
tooke
Meredyth
ap
Lhywarch
,
and
deliuered
him
to
Paine
fitziohn
to
be
kept
safe
in
the
castell
of
Brugenorth
.
This
Meredyth
had
slaine
Meyric
his
coosen
germane
,
and
had
put
out
the
eies
of
his
two
coosen
germanes
the
sonnes
of
Griffri
.
The
yeare
ensuing
Ieuaf
the
sonne
of
Owen
put
out
the
eies
of
two
of
his
brethren
,
and
banished
them
the
countrie
,
also
Lhewelyn
ap
Owen
slew
Iorwerth
ap
Lhywarch
.
And
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
tooke
the
same
Lhewelyn
his
nephew
,
&
puting
out
his
eies
gelded
him
,
to
the
end
he
should
get
no
children
,
that
he
might
haue
his
lands
,
and
slew
Ieuaf
ap
Owen
his
brother
.
Also
Meyric
slew
Lhywarch
and
Madoc
his
sonne
,
his
owne
coosens
,
who
himselfe
was
so
serued
,
shortlie
after
.
Then
Morgan
the
sonne
of
Cadogan
repented
him
greatlie
for
the
murther
of
his
brother
Meredyth
,
wherefore
he
tooke
his
iournie
to
Ierusalem
,
and
died
in
his
returne
at
Cyprus
.
1132
In
the
yeare
1132.
Robert
Curthoise
the
kings
brother
died
in
the
castell
of
Cardiffe
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
97.
The
yeare
folowing
Cadwalhon
sonne
to
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
was
slaine
at
Nanhewdwy
,
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
34.
by
Eneon
the
sonne
of
Owen
ap
Edwyn
his
vncle
(
whose
three
brethren
he
had
slain
)
with
Cadogan
ap
Grono
ap
Edwyn
.
That
yeare
also
died
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
,
the
greatest
lord
and
cheefest
man
in
Powys
,
as
he
that
had
gotten
his
brethren
and
nephewes
lands
by
hooke
and
by
crooke
into
his
owne
hands
.
In
the
yeare
1135.
died
Henrie
king
of
England
,
one
of
the
worthiest
and
victoriousest
princes
that
euer
reigned
in
the
Ile
of
Brytaine
.
1135
After
whome
Stephen
Earle
of
Boloigne
sonne
to
the
Earle
of
Bloys
his
sisters
sonne
,
a
stout
and
a
hardie
knight
reigned
king
of
England
,
Tho.
Walsh
.
Hol.
pag.
365
for
(
by
the
meanes
of
Hugh
Bygod
steward
to
king
Henrie
)
the
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
and
all
the
nobilitie
of
England
,
contrarie
to
their
former
oth
made
to
Mawd
the
Empresse
,
created
and
crowned
him
king
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
100.
Then
shortlie
after
Dauid
king
of
Scots
wan
by
treason
Carlile
and
Newcastell
,
against
whom
Stephen
lead
an
armie
,
to
whom
Dauid
yeelded
himself
,
&
restored
Newcastell
,
and
kept
Carlile
by
composition
:
but
he
would
not
sweare
to
him
,
Fabian
.
Io.
Cast.
Hector
Boet.
for
he
had
sworne
alredie
to
Mawd
his
nice
.
Yet
Henrie
his
sonne
sware
to
Stephen
,
and
had
the
Earledome
of
Huntingdon
giuen
him
.
This
yeare
Richard
and
Gilbert
his
sonne
were
slaine
by
Morgan
ap
Owen
.
And
shortlie
after
Cadwalader
and
Owen
Gwyneth
the
sonnes
of
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
(
in
whome
remained
the
hope
of
all
Wales
,
for
they
were
gentle
&
liberall
to
all
men
,
terrible
and
cruell
to
their
enimies
,
meeke
and
humble
to
their
freends
,
the
succour
and
defense
of
widowes
,
fatherlesse
,
and
all
that
were
in
necessitie
:
and
as
they
passed
all
other
in
good
and
laudable
vertues
,
so
they
were
paragons
of
strength
,
beautie
and
well
proportionat
bodies
)
gathered
a
great
power
against
the
Normans
and
Flemings
,
who
entring
Cardigan
,
wan
,
destroied
and
burned
the
whole
countrie
with
the
castell
of
Walter
Espec
,
the
castell
of
Aberystwyth
,
which
was
verie
strong
and
well
manned
.
And
thither
came
Howel
ap
Meredyth
and
Rees
ap
Madoc
ap
Ednerth
,
who
went
forward
and
rased
the
castell
of
Richard
de
la
Mare
,
and
the
castell
of
Dinerth
and
Caerwedros
,
&
returned
home
with
much
honor
.
Afterward
,
towards
the
end
of
the
same
yeare
they
returned
againe
with
6000.
footemen
,
Iohn
Stowe
.
page
.
188.
and
2000.
horsemen
well
armed
,
and
to
them
came
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
&
Howel
ap
Meredyth
of
Brechnoke
and
his
sonnes
,
&
Madoc
ap
Ednerth
,
who
subdued
the
whole
countrie
to
Aberteivi
,
placing
againe
the
old
inhabitants
,
and
chasing
awaie
the
strangers
.
Against
them
came
Stephen
constable
of
Aberteivi
,
Robert
Fitzmartyn
,
the
sons
of
Gerald
,
and
William
Fitziohn
,
Florentius
Wigorn.
Sup.
Mar.
Scot.
with
all
the
power
of
the
Normanes
,
Flemings
and
Englishmen
that
were
in
Wales
or
the
marches
.
Now
after
a
cruell
and
bloodie
fight
,
the
strangers
after
their
accustomed
vse
put
all
their
hope
in
their
forts
,
and
forsooke
the
field
,
and
the
Welshmen
folowed
hard
,
that
besides
3000.
that
were
slaine
,
a
great
number
were
drowned
,
and
taken
and
caried
awaie
captiues
.
After
this
victorie
,
Owen
and
Cadwalader
ouerran
the
whole
countrie
,
and
returned
home
with
rich
spoiles
,
as
well
in
armour
and
horse
,
as
in
other
things
with
great
triumph
.
And
at
this
time
the
pride
of
the
nobles
of
England
began
to
appeare
,
for
first
Hugh
Bigod
kept
the
castell
of
Norwich
,
but
forthwith
,
sore
against
his
will
,
he
restored
it
to
the
king
himselfe
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
100.
The
cause
of
this
tumult
of
the
nobles
,
was
rumor
which
went
abroad
of
the
death
of
the
king
,
who
was
then
sicke
of
a
lethargie
.
Those
which
bare
him
no
good
will
,
verified
the
rumor
as
much
as
in
them
laie
,
and
stirred
the
people
in
the
behalfe
of
the
Empresse
.
Such
as
were
his
fréends
tooke
strong
castels
to
saue
themselues
:
as
this
Hugh
Bigod
,
for
feare
of
the
fréends
of
the
Empresse
,
tooke
the
castell
of
Norwich
,
and
afterward
being
certified
that
the
king
was
well
againe
,
he
was
loth
to
deliuer
the
same
out
of
his
posession
,
vnlesse
it
were
into
the
kings
owne
hands
.
After
that
,
the
king
did
besiege
Excester
,
which
Baldwyn
de
Reduerijs
kept
against
him
,
W.
Pamus
.
lib.
1.
cap.
15.
Matt.
Paris
,
ibidem
.
and
wan
it
;
and
so
he
did
the
Ile
of
Wight
,
which
was
the
said
Baldwynes
,
and
banished
him
out
of
the
land
.
The
yeare
1137.
died
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
ap
Theodor
,
Tho.
Walsh
.
the
light
,
1137
honor
and
staie
of
Southwales
,
who
had
by
his
wife
Gwenlhian
the
daughter
of
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
,
Rees
commonlie
called
the
lord
Rees
,
and
others
.
Sup.
Mar.
Scotus
.
Florentius
moonke
of
Worcester
,
in
his
supplie
to
Marianus
Scotus
,
saith
;
that
This
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
Prince
of
Southwales
,
died
by
the
deceitfull
practise
of
his
wife
.
He
writeth
also
of
a
noble
knight
named
Paine
,
a
man
of
great
valiancie
,
who
being
verie
earnest
in
pursuing
of
the
Welshmen
,
was
at
this
time
hurt
with
a
speare
,
and
so
died
,
and
was
caried
to
Glocester
and
there
buried
.
Also
towards
the
end
of
the
same
yeare
died
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
king
or
prince
of
Northwales
,
the
onelie
defense
and
sheeld
of
all
Wales
,
after
he
had
escaped
manie
great
dangers
by
sea
and
land
in
Ireland
and
Wales
,
and
after
manie
worthie
victories
,
and
after
he
had
brought
Northwales
,
which
he
found
full
of
strangers
,
to
peace
and
quietnesse
,
hauing
ruled
the
same
worthilie
50.
yeares
.
This
prince
had
manie
children
by
diuerse
women
:
first
by
Angharat
the
daughter
of
Owen
ap
Edwyn
,
he
had
sonnes
Owen
,
Cadwalader
,
and
Cadwalhon
who
was
slaine
before
his
father
died
;
and
daughters
Marret
,
Susanna
,
Ranulht
,
Agnes
and
Gwenlhian
.
And
by
another
woman
he
had
Iago
,
Ascain
,
Edwal
Abbot
of
Penmon
,
Dolhing
who
was
also
a
priest
and
well
learned
,
and
Elen
the
wife
of
Hova
ap
Ithel
Velyn
of
Yal
.
He
reformed
the
disordered
behauior
of
the
Welsh
minstrels
,
by
a
verie
good
Statute
which
is
extant
to
this
daie
.
There
are
thrée
sorts
of
minstrels
in
Wales
.
-
1
The
first
sort
named
Beirdh
,
which
are
makers
of
songs
and
odes
of
sundrie
measures
,
wherein
not
onelie
great
skill
and
cunning
is
required
;
but
also
a
certeine
naturall
inclination
and
gift
,
which
in
Latine
is
termed
Furor
poëticus
.
These
doo
also
kéepe
records
of
Gentlemens
armes
and
petegrées
,
and
are
best
esteemed
and
accounted
of
among
them
.
-
2
The
second
sort
of
them
are
plaiers
vpon
instruments
,
théefelie
the
Harpe
and
the
Crowth
:
whose
musike
for
the
most
part
came
to
Wales
with
the
said
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
,
who
being
on
the
one
side
an
Irishman
by
his
mother
and
grandmother
,
and
also
borne
in
Ireland
,
brought
ouer
with
him
out
of
that
countrie
diuers
cunning
musicians
;
into
Wales
,
who
deuised
in
a
manner
all
the
instrumentall
musike
that
is
now
there
vsed
,
as
appéereth
as
well
by
the
bookes
written
of
the
same
,
as
also
by
the
names
of
the
tunes
and
measures
vsed
amongst
them
to
this
daie
.
-
3
The
third
sort
called
Atcaneaid
are
those
which
doo
sing
to
the
instrument
plaied
by
another
,
and
these
be
in
vse
in
the
countrie
of
Wales
to
this
daie
.
This
statute
or
decrée
here
mentioned
,
dooth
not
onelie
prescribe
and
appoint
what
reward
euerie
of
the
said
minstrels
ought
to
haue
,
and
at
whose
hands
:
but
also
of
what
honest
behauiour
and
conuersation
they
ought
to
be
,
to
wit
,
no
make
bates
,
no
vagabounds
,
no
ale-househanters
,
no
drunkards
,
A
verie
good
lawe
against
abuses
in
Musicians
.
no
brallers
,
no
whoorehunters
,
no
théeues
,
nor
companions
of
such
.
In
which
things
if
they
offend
,
euerie
man
by
the
said
statute
is
made
an
officer
,
and
authorized
to
arrest
and
punish
them
,
yea
and
take
from
them
all
that
they
haue
then
about
them
.
They
are
also
in
the
same
statute
forbidden
to
enter
into
anie
mans
house
,
or
to
make
anie
song
of
anie
man
without
speciall
licence
of
the
partie
himselfe
.
And
this
statute
or
decrée
hath
béene
oftentimes
allowed
by
publike
authoritie
of
the
chéefe
magistrats
of
that
countrie
,
as
appeareth
by
sundrie
commissions
directed
to
diuers
Gentlemen
in
that
behalfe
.
Owen
Gwyneth
.
Owen
Gwyneth
the
sonne
of
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
.
In
the
yeere
1140.
Cynwric
the
sonne
of
Owen
was
slaine
by
the
men
of
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
,
1140
and
the
next
yeare
after
king
Stephen
with
a
great
armie
did
besiege
Lincolne
,
W.
Parnus
.
lib.
1.
cap.
8.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
104.
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
36.
against
whome
came
Ranulph
Earle
of
Chester
,
&
Robert
Earle
of
Glocester
with
his
father
in
law
,
and
the
Barons
which
were
disinherited
to
raise
the
siege
.
But
before
they
came
,
the
towne
was
won
:
then
passing
a
dangerous
marrish
,
they
camped
hard
by
the
king
,
readie
to
giue
him
battell
;
who
likewise
brought
foorth
his
men
in
three
battels
.
In
the
first
were
these
,
Alan
Earle
of
Brytaine
,
the
Earle
of
Mellent
,
Hugh
Bygod
Earle
of
Norfolke
,
Simon
Earle
of
Hampton
,
and
Earle
Warren
.
In
the
second
the
Earle
of
Albemarle
,
and
William
of
Ypres
a
noble
man
&
a
worthie
souldiour
.
And
in
the
third
the
king
,
with
Baldwyn
Fitzgilbert
,
and
a
great
number
of
nobles
more
.
And
of
the
other
part
the
disinherited
Barons
had
the
first
place
,
Matt.
Paris
.
ibidem
.
the
Erle
of
Chester
with
his
succours
of
Wales
(
better
couraged
than
armed
)
had
the
second
place
,
and
the
Earle
of
Glocester
lead
the
last
battell
.
These
after
a
cruell
fight
tooke
the
king
prisoner
,
W.
Parnus
.
lib.
1.
cap.
9.
Matth.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
37.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
105.
and
afterward
the
Queene
and
William
of
Ypres
,
Bryan
Fitzcount
.
But
within
a
while
after
that
,
William
Martell
and
Geffrey
de
Mandeuile
gathered
a
new
armie
,
&
fought
with
the
Empresse
and
hir
brother
at
Winchester
,
&
put
hir
to
flight
,
taking
Earle
Robert
prisoner
,
for
exchange
of
whom
the
king
was
set
at
libertie
.
The
yeare
folowing
the
king
had
an
ouerthrow
at
Wilton
,
W.
Parnus
.
lib.
1.
cap.
10.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
38.
Matt.
Paris
.
ibidem
.
after
the
which
he
besieged
the
Empresse
the
same
yeare
at
Oxford
,
who
escaping
thence
fled
to
Walingford
.
The
same
yeare
also
Madoc
ap
Ednerth
a
man
of
great
estimation
in
Wales
died
,
and
the
sons
of
Blethyn
ap
Gwyn
slew
Meredyth
ap
Howel
.
1142
Also
the
yeare
1142.
Howel
ap
Meredyth
ap
Rytherch
of
the
Cantref
Bychan
,
&
Rees
ap
Howel
were
slaine
by
treason
of
the
Flemings
.
Likewise
Howel
ap
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
was
murthred
by
his
own
men
.
Then
also
Howel
&
Cadogan
the
sons
of
Madoc
ap
Ednerth
did
either
kill
other
.
And
shortlie
after
there
fell
a
variance
betwixt
Anarawd
sonne
to
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
prince
of
Southwales
,
and
his
father
in
law
Cadwalader
the
sonne
of
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
and
brother
to
prince
Owen
Gwyneth
,
who
from
words
grew
to
fight
:
where
Anarawd
was
slaine
,
the
hope
and
staie
of
Southwales
.
For
the
which
thing
prince
Owen
tooke
such
displeasure
at
his
brother
,
that
he
and
his
sonne
Howel
gathered
an
armie
against
him
,
and
destroied
all
his
countrie
,
and
burned
his
castell
at
Aberystwyth
;
for
Cadwalader
himselfe
had
fled
to
Ireland
,
and
had
hired
Octer
(
sonne
to
Octer
)
and
the
sonne
of
Turkel
,
and
the
sonne
of
Cherulf
,
with
a
great
number
of
Irishmen
and
Scots
for
2000.
markes
to
his
succour
,
and
landed
at
Aberinenay
in
Carnaruonshire
,
against
whome
the
prince
came
with
a
great
power
:
but
before
the
armies
met
there
was
a
peace
concluded
betwixt
the
brethren
.
Which
when
the
Irishmen
vnderstood
,
then
withheld
Cadwalader
as
prisoner
for
their
wages
,
and
he
deliuered
them
2000.
heads
of
cattell
,
besides
manie
prisoners
and
spoiles
that
were
taken
in
the
countrie
.
But
as
soone
as
the
prince
knew
his
brother
set
at
libertie
,
he
fell
vpon
the
Irishmen
,
and
slew
a
great
number
of
them
,
and
recouered
all
the
cattell
with
the
prisoners
and
other
spoiles
:
then
as
manie
as
escaped
aliue
returned
home
with
great
shame
and
losse
.
About
the
same
time
Hugh
Earle
of
Chester
,
fortified
his
castell
of
Cymaron
,
and
wan
Melienyth
to
himselfe
,
&
likewise
the
castell
of
Clun
was
fortified
by
a
lord
Normane
,
and
all
Eluel
brought
to
their
subiection
.
W.
Parnus
.
lib.
1.
cap.
11.
At
that
time
king
Stephen
tooke
Geffrey
Mandeuile
prisoner
at
S.
Albon
,
where
the
Earle
of
Arundell
was
like
to
be
drowned
by
default
of
his
horse
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
105.
The
Earle
Mandeuile
gaue
to
the
king
for
his
libertie
the
towre
of
London
,
with
the
castels
of
Walden
and
Plassey
,
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
38.
who
afterward
liued
by
spoile
of
abbers
,
and
was
slaine
in
a
slurmish
against
the
king
,
1143
whom
he
had
sore
anoied
:
and
his
sonne
Arnulph
was
banished
the
realme
.
Matt.
Paris
,
pag.
107.
This
yeare
Hugh
de
Mortimer
tooke
Rees
ap
Howel
in
a
skirmish
,
and
diuerse
other
with
him
&
imprisoned
them
.
At
the
same
time
Howel
and
Conan
the
sonnes
of
prince
Owen
gathered
an
armie
against
the
Flemings
and
Normanes
,
&
gaue
them
an
ouerthrow
at
Aberteiui
,
and
keeping
the
towne
,
returned
home
with
great
honor
.
Also
this
yeare
died
Sulien
ap
Rythmarch
a
man
of
great
knowledge
,
one
of
the
Colledge
of
Lhanpardarn
.
About
this
time
Gilbert
Earle
of
Clare
came
with
a
great
power
to
Dyuet
,
and
built
the
castell
of
Carmarthyn
,
and
the
castell
of
the
sonnes
of
Vchtryd
.
Then
also
Hugh
Mortimer
slew
Meyric
ap
Madoc
ap
Riryd
,
and
Meredyth
ap
Madoc
ap
Ednerth
.
Cadelh
the
son
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
prince
of
Southwales
gat
the
castell
of
Dyneuowr
,
which
Erle
Gilbert
had
built
,
and
after
he
and
his
brethren
Meredyth
and
Rees
gathered
their
powers
,
and
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Carmarthyn
,
which
was
yeelded
vnto
them
,
reseruing
only
the
liues
to
those
of
the
garrison
:
and
from
thence
they
brought
their
armie
before
the
castell
of
Lhanstephan
,
where
the
Normanes
and
Flemings
meeting
with
them
had
a
great
ouerthrow
,
&
so
they
wan
the
castell
.
Whervpon
all
the
Flemings
and
Normanes
inhabiting
that
countrie
all
about
,
gathered
their
powers
togither
,
and
their
captaines
were
the
sonnes
of
Gerald
and
William
de
Hay
,
who
laid
siege
to
the
same
castell
vpon
the
sudden
.
But
Meredyth
ap
Gruffyth
,
to
whose
custodie
the
castell
was
committed
,
encouraged
his
men
to
fight
and
to
defend
the
place
,
and
that
which
lacked
in
him
of
strength
(
for
he
was
of
great
yeares
)
he
supplied
in
courage
and
discretion
.
He
suffred
his
enimies
to
scale
the
wals
,
and
when
the
ladders
were
full
,
he
gaue
the
watchword
,
and
his
souldiours
did
manfullie
with
engines
ouerturne
all
the
ladders
,
and
maimed
a
great
number
of
armed
men
and
tried
soldiours
,
and
put
the
rest
to
flight
.
Shortlie
after
died
Run
the
sonne
of
prince
Owen
of
Northwales
,
a
faire
and
a
goodlie
yoong
man
,
whose
death
when
it
came
to
his
fathers
eares
did
so
trouble
him
,
that
no
kind
of
plesure
could
comfort
his
heauie
hart
,
so
that
he
led
the
night
in
teares
and
the
day
in
heauinesse
,
till
God
who
tooke
compassion
vpon
the
poore
leauings
and
remnants
of
the
Brytaines
,
euen
as
he
had
discomforted
the
prince
with
the
death
of
his
sonne
,
so
he
did
glad
his
sorowfull
hart
with
the
ouerthrow
of
his
enimies
:
for
there
was
a
castell
at
the
Mould
verie
strong
and
well
manned
,
which
did
trouble
the
whole
countrie
about
,
and
had
been
oftentimes
besieged
,
but
neuer
won
.
Prince
Owen
leuied
a
power
and
laid
siege
to
it
,
but
the
garrison
defended
it
manfullie
,
and
aboad
diuerse
assaults
:
but
at
the
last
,
mauger
their
heads
,
the
sight
of
the
prince
did
so
incourage
his
men
,
that
they
entred
by
force
,
and
slew
a
great
number
,
and
tooke
the
rest
of
the
defendants
,
and
rased
the
fort
to
the
earth
:
which
victorie
atchieued
did
so
please
the
prince
,
that
he
left
his
solitarie
plaints
,
and
fell
to
his
accustomed
pastimes
.
At
the
same
time
king
Stephen
ouerthrew
his
enimies
at
Farendon
.
Matth.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
38
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
107.
But
in
the
yeare
ensuing
Rondel
Earle
of
Chester
and
king
Stephen
were
made
freends
,
1145
neuerthelesse
the
king
tooke
him
prisoner
,
and
kept
him
so
(
contrarie
to
his
promise
)
vntill
such
time
as
the
Earle
had
deliuered
to
the
king
the
castell
of
Lincolne
,
with
all
other
fortes
of
the
kings
that
he
had
in
his
custodie
.
At
this
time
Cadelh
,
Meredyth
,
and
Rees
the
sons
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
ap
Theodor
did
lead
their
powers
against
the
castell
of
Gwys
,
which
after
they
saw
they
could
not
win
,
they
sent
for
Howel
the
sonne
of
Owen
prince
of
Northwales
to
their
succor
,
who
for
his
prowesse
in
the
field
and
his
discretion
in
consultation
,
was
counted
the
floure
of
chiualrie
,
whose
presence
also
was
thought
onlie
sufficient
to
ouerthrowe
anie
hold
;
who
being
desirous
to
win
honor
,
gathered
his
men
,
and
came
to
these
lords
before
the
castell
of
Gwys
,
whom
they
receiued
ioifullie
.
Now
when
he
had
vewed
the
place
,
hee
caused
engines
to
be
made
to
batter
the
walles
with
force
of
men
,
and
other
to
cast
great
stones
to
their
enimies
,
&
to
disquiet
the
garison
.
Which
preparations
when
they
within
beheld
,
their
stomachs
failed
,
and
forthwith
they
yeelded
the
fort
,
then
Howel
returned
home
with
great
honour
.
Shortlie
after
,
there
fell
a
great
dissention
betwixt
Howel
and
Conan
prince
Owens
sonnes
,
and
Cadwalader
their
vncle
;
wherevpon
they
called
their
strength
vnto
them
,
and
entred
the
countrie
of
Merionyth
:
where
the
people
fled
to
the
sanctuaries
to
saue
their
liues
.
These
two
yoong
Lords
made
proclamation
,
that
no
man
should
hurt
those
that
would
yeeld
to
them
:
whervpon
the
people
which
had
fled
,
returned
to
their
houses
without
hurt
.
Thus
they
brought
all
the
countrie
in
subiection
to
them
,
&
lead
their
armie
before
the
castell
of
Cynvael
,
which
Cadwalader
had
built
and
fortified
,
wherein
was
the
Abbot
of
Tuygwyn
,
or
Whitehouse
,
to
whome
the
Lord
had
committed
the
defense
of
his
castell
.
Then
Howel
and
Conan
summoned
the
fort
with
great
threatnings
,
but
they
within
defied
them
:
wherevpon
Howel
&
Conan
promised
the
Abbot
Meruyn
great
rewards
,
to
let
them
haue
the
house
.
But
he
(
like
a
faithfull
seruant
,
whom
neither
terrible
manaces
,
nor
pleasant
proffers
could
mooue
to
vntruth
,
but
as
his
lord
trusted
him
so
would
he
continue
still
,
and
not
deceiue
his
expectation
)
denied
them
of
the
same
,
choosing
rather
to
die
with
honour
,
than
to
liue
with
shame
.
With
which
answere
the
yoong
Lords
were
greatlie
offended
,
that
a
priest
should
staie
their
prosperous
proceedings
,
and
thervpon
assaulted
the
castell
so
sore
,
that
after
they
had
beaten
downe
the
walles
,
they
entred
by
force
,
and
slew
and
wounded
all
the
garrison
,
sauing
the
Abbot
,
who
escaped
awaie
priuilie
by
meanes
of
freends
whom
he
had
in
Howels
armie
.
The
yeare
1147.
1147
died
Robert
Earle
of
Glocester
&
Gilbert
Earle
of
Clare
,
&
Vchthred
bishop
of
Landaff
,
after
whome
Nicholas
ap
Gurgant
was
made
bishop
.
And
the
yere
1148.
1148
died
Barnard
bishop
of
S.
Dauids
or
Meneuia
,
Girald
.
Cam.
&
after
him
came
Dauid
Fitzgerald
to
be
bishop
there
,
who
was
before
Archdeacon
of
Caerdigan
.
Castell●
y
Rodwyth
.
The
yeare
ensuing
Owen
prince
of
Northwales
did
build
a
castell
in
Yale
,
and
his
brother
Cadwalader
built
another
at
Lhanrystyd
,
and
gaue
Cadogan
his
son
his
part
of
Caerdigan
.
Towards
the
end
of
this
yeare
,
Madoc
the
sonne
of
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
did
build
the
castell
of
Oswestrie
,
The
castell
of
Oswestrie
.
and
gaue
his
nephewes
Owen
and
Meyric
the
sonnes
of
Gruffyth
ap
Meredyth
his
part
of
Cyuelioc
.
The
yeare
after
,
prince
Owen
did
imprison
Conan
his
sonne
for
certaine
faults
committed
against
his
father
:
also
prince
Owens
sonne
tooke
his
vncle
Cadwalader
prisoner
,
and
brought
his
countrie
and
castell
to
his
subiection
.
At
this
time
also
Cadeth
the
sonne
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
fortified
the
castell
of
Carmarthyn
,
&
from
thence
lead
his
armie
to
Cydwely
,
where
he
destroied
and
spoiled
all
the
countrie
,
and
after
his
returne
he
ioined
his
power
with
Meredyth
and
Rees
his
brethren
,
and
entring
Caerdigan
wan
the
part
called
Is
Aeron
.
Not
long
after
,
there
fell
a
variance
betwixt
Rondel
Earle
of
Chester
,
and
Owen
prince
of
Northwales
.
Then
Rondel
gathered
a
great
power
of
his
freends
and
hired
soldiours
,
from
all
parts
of
England
:
to
whom
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
prince
of
Powys
,
disdaining
to
hold
his
lands
of
Owen
,
ioined
all
his
power
:
and
they
both
togither
entred
prince
Owens
land
,
who
like
a
worthie
prince
not
suffering
the
spoile
of
his
subiects
,
met
them
at
Counsylht
,
and
boldlie
bad
them
battell
,
which
they
refused
not
,
but
being
more
in
number
and
better
armed
and
weaponed
,
were
glad
of
the
occasion
:
yet
before
the
end
they
threw
awaie
weapon
and
armour
,
and
trusted
their
feet
,
whome
the
Northwales
men
did
so
pursue
that
few
escaped
,
but
were
either
slaine
or
taken
,
sauing
the
cheefe
captaines
,
whose
horses
caried
them
awaie
cleere
.
In
the
yeare
1150.
1150
Cadelh
,
Meredyth
and
Rees
,
the
sonnes
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
Prince
of
Southwales
,
wanne
all
Caerdigan
from
Howel
the
sonne
of
prince
Owen
,
sauing
the
castell
of
Lhanvihangel
in
Pengwern
,
and
at
the
castell
of
Lhanrystyd
they
lost
manie
of
their
men
,
therefore
they
slew
all
the
garrison
when
they
wan
it
,
and
thence
they
went
to
the
castell
of
Stratmeyric
,
which
they
fortified
and
manned
,
and
then
returned
home
.
This
Cadelh
had
a
great
pleasure
in
hunting
,
and
vsed
much
that
pastime
;
which
thing
when
the
inhabitants
of
Tenby
or
Denbigh
y
pyscot
in
Penbrooke
shire
knew
,
they
laid
in
ambushment
for
him
,
and
so
when
this
lord
had
vncoupled
his
hounds
,
and
pursued
the
stag
with
a
few
companions
,
they
fierslie
set
on
him
&
his
companie
,
and
seeing
they
were
but
few
and
vnarmed
,
they
easilie
put
them
to
flight
,
and
wounded
Cadelh
verie
sore
,
yet
he
escaped
their
hands
,
&
came
to
his
house
,
where
he
laie
a
long
time
like
to
die
.
Then
his
brethren
Meredyth
&
Rees
entered
Gwyr
,
where
burning
and
destroing
all
the
countrie
,
they
wan
the
castell
of
Aberlhychwr
&
rased
it
to
the
ground
,
and
then
returning
home
with
great
bootie
,
reedified
the
castell
of
Dynevowr
.
The
same
yeare
also
Howel
the
sonne
of
Owen
prince
of
Northwales
fortified
Humfreys
castell
in
the
vallie
of
Caletwr
.
In
the
yeare
1151.
1151
Owen
Gwyneth
tooke
Cunetha
his
brother
Cadwalhon
his
sonne
,
and
put
out
his
eies
,
and
gelded
him
,
least
he
should
haue
children
to
inherit
part
of
the
land
.
Lhewelyn
also
the
sonne
of
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
slew
Stephen
the
sonne
of
Baldwin
.
About
the
same
time
Cadwalader
the
brother
of
Prince
Owen
escaped
out
of
his
nephew
Howels
prison
,
and
subdued
part
of
the
Ile
of
Môn
or
Anglesey
to
himselfe
:
but
his
brother
Owen
sent
an
armie
against
him
,
and
chased
him
thence
,
who
fled
to
England
for
succour
to
his
wiues
freends
,
for
she
was
the
daughter
of
Gilbert
Earle
of
Clare
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
113.
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
41.
The
same
yeare
Galfride
Arthur
was
made
bishop
of
Lhanelwy
,
now
called
in
English
Saint
Asaph
.
Also
Simon
Archdeacon
of
Cyuelioc
,
an
man
of
great
worthines
and
fame
,
dyed
at
the
same
time
.
And
the
yeare
ensuing
Meredyth
and
Rees
,
the
sonnes
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
,
did
lead
their
powers
to
Penwedic
,
before
the
castell
,
which
did
belong
to
Howel
the
sonne
of
Prince
Owen
,
and
with
great
paines
got
it
.
Shortlie
after
,
priuilie
by
night
they
came
to
the
castell
of
Tennbie
,
which
was
in
the
keeping
of
Fitzgerald
,
and
scaled
it
vpon
the
sudden
,
and
got
it
,
and
did
so
reuenge
their
brothers
hurt
.
Then
returning
thence
they
diuided
their
armie
,
and
Rees
went
to
Stratcongen
,
which
he
destroied
and
spoiled
,
and
went
thence
to
Cyuelioc
,
which
he
destroied
in
like
manner
.
But
Meredyth
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Aberavan
,
and
wan
it
,
and
came
home
with
rich
spoiles
.
Ran.
Cest.
lib.
7.
cap.
20.
At
this
time
died
Rondle
Earle
of
Chester
,
and
Hugh
his
sonne
was
created
Earle
in
his
place
.
1153
In
the
yeare
1153.
died
Meredyth
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
Lord
of
Caerdigan
and
Stratywy
,
in
the
25.
yeare
of
his
age
,
a
worthie
knight
,
and
fortunate
in
battell
,
iust
and
liberall
to
all
men
.
Also
the
same
yeare
died
Geffrey
bishop
of
Landaff
.
The
yeare
ensuing
,
Henrie
Shortmantel
the
Empresse
sonne
entred
England
,
and
wan
diuerse
castels
,
as
Maluesburie
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
41.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
114.
Walingford
,
and
Shrewsburie
.
About
the
same
time
Eustace
the
sonne
of
king
Stephen
was
drowned
,
wherevpon
the
king
and
Henrie
concluded
a
peace
.
1154
In
the
yeare
1154.
died
Stephen
king
of
England
,
Matt.
West
.
lib.
2.
pag.
52.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
115.
and
Henrie
Plantagenet
the
Empresse
son
was
crowned
in
his
steed
.
This
Henrie
was
wise
and
learned
and
besides
a
worthie
knight
,
he
neuer
ware
gloue
except
he
bare
a
hawke
on
his
fist
,
and
neuer
sate
but
at
his
meate
,
and
delited
in
hawking
,
hunting
,
riding
,
and
in
all
honest
exercises
.
In
the
beginning
of
his
reigne
,
and
in
the
yeare
1155.
1155
Rees
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
,
whome
the
Welsh
booke
surnameth
Lord
Rees
,
and
all
the
Latine
and
English
writers
of
that
time
name
King
of
Southwales
,
did
gather
all
his
strength
togither
to
defend
his
countrie
from
Owen
Gwyneth
,
whom
he
heard
to
be
leuieng
of
men
to
conquer
Southwales
.
So
Rees
came
as
far
as
Aberdyvi
ouer
against
Northwales
,
and
perceiuing
the
rumour
to
be
false
,
built
a
castell
there
,
and
so
returned
backe
.
At
the
same
time
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
prince
of
Powys
did
build
a
castell
at
Caereneon
besides
Cymer
.
Castelh
Caereneon
.
At
that
time
Meyric
his
nephew
escaped
out
of
prison
,
where
he
had
beene
long
kept
;
then
also
Eglwys
vair
in
Myvot
was
built
,
also
Terdelach
king
of
Conacht
in
Ireland
died
.
At
this
time
king
Henrie
banished
the
Flemings
,
Io.
Cast.
whom
king
Stephen
had
brought
in
,
and
sent
some
of
them
to
their
coosins
in
Westwales
;
likewise
the
king
bannished
Wiliam
Peuerell
of
Notingham
.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
43.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
126.
And
Hugh
Mortimer
fortified
the
castell
of
Cleberie
against
the
king
,
which
the
king
tooke
and
rased
,
and
Hugh
yeelded
to
the
king
,
and
deliuered
to
his
hands
the
castels
of
Wygmor
and
Brugge
.
Likewise
Roger
the
sonne
of
Myles
of
Glocester
Earle
of
Hereford
deliuered
to
the
king
the
tower
of
Glocester
,
and
died
shortlie
after
,
and
his
brother
Walter
enioied
his
land
;
but
the
king
kept
the
Earledome
of
Hereford
,
and
the
towne
of
Glocester
in
his
owne
hands
.
The
yeare
folowing
,
Conan
Earle
of
Richmond
sailed
to
Brytaine
,
where
he
was
receiued
of
the
most
part
for
their
duke
.
Shortlie
after
king
Henrie
&
his
brother
Geffrey
were
agreed
in
Normandie
,
and
the
king
being
returned
into
England
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
44.
receiued
of
the
Scottish
king
Carlile
,
Newcastell
,
and
Banburgh
,
with
the
countrie
about
,
and
gaue
him
the
Earldome
of
Huntingdon
.
Also
William
Earle
of
Egle
and
Northfolke
,
base
sonne
to
king
Stephen
,
deliuered
Henrie
the
castels
of
Peuensey
and
Norwich
,
and
the
king
confirmed
to
him
his
other
lands
.
At
this
time
Caradocus
Lhancaruan
,
who
is
reputed
and
taken
of
all
learned
men
to
be
the
author
of
this
present
historie
,
endeth
his
collections
of
the
successions
of
the
Brytaines
,
from
Cadwalader
vntill
this
time
,
of
whome
some
studious
antiquarie
wrote
these
verses
following
:
Historiam
Brytonum
doctus
scripsit
Caradocus
,
Post
Cadwalladrum
regia
sceptra
notans
.
In
those
two
Abbeis
,
the
Princes
and
Noblemen
of
Wales
were
buried
.
The
successions
and
actes
of
the
princes
of
Wales
after
this
time
,
vntill
the
yeare
1270.
were
kept
and
recorded
from
time
to
time
in
the
Abbeis
of
Conwey
in
Northwales
,
and
Stratflur
in
Southwales
,
as
witnesseth
Gutryn
Owen
,
who
being
in
the
daies
of
Edward
the
fourth
wrote
the
best
and
most
perfect
copie
of
the
same
.
1157
About
this
time
the
king
gathered
all
his
power
togither
from
all
parts
of
England
,
W.
Parnus
.
lib.
2.
cap.
5.
Matt.
West
.
ibidem
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
129.
Io.
Castor
.
intending
to
subdue
all
Northwales
,
being
therevnto
procured
and
mooued
by
Cadwalader
,
whom
the
Prince
his
brother
had
banished
out
of
the
land
,
and
bereaued
of
his
liuing
,
and
by
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
prince
of
Powys
,
who
enuied
at
the
libertie
of
Northwales
,
which
knewe
no
lord
but
one
.
And
so
the
king
led
his
armie
to
Westchester
,
and
camped
vpon
the
marsh
called
Saltney
.
Likewise
Owen
,
like
a
valiant
prince
,
gathered
all
his
strength
,
and
came
to
the
vtter
meares
of
his
land
,
purposing
to
giue
the
king
battell
,
&
encamped
himselfe
at
Basingwerk
.
Which
thing
when
the
king
vnderstood
,
he
chose
out
of
his
armie
diuerse
of
the
cheefest
bands
,
and
sent
certeine
Earles
and
Lords
with
them
towards
the
princes
campe
:
W.
Parnus
lib.
2.
cap.
5.
and
as
they
passed
the
wood
called
Coed
Eulo
,
Dauid
&
Conan
the
princes
sons
met
with
them
,
&
set
vpon
them
fearslie
,
&
what
for
the
aduantage
of
the
ground
&
for
the
suddennes
of
the
deed
,
the
Englishmen
were
put
to
flight
,
and
a
great
number
slaine
,
and
the
rest
were
pursued
to
the
kings
campe
.
The
king
being
fore
displeased
with
that
foile
,
remooued
his
campe
alongst
the
sea
coast
,
Hol.
pag.
397.
thinking
to
passe
betwixt
Owen
and
his
countrie
;
but
Owen
foreseeing
that
,
retired
backe
to
a
place
which
is
called
to
this
daie
Cîl
Owen
(
that
is
,
the
retire
of
Owen
)
and
the
king
came
to
Ruthlan
.
W.
Parnus
.
lib.
2.
cap.
5.
In
this
first
viage
of
king
Henrie
against
the
Welshmen
,
he
was
put
in
great
danger
of
his
life
in
a
strait
at
Counsylth
not
far
from
Flynt
,
where
Henrie
of
Essex
,
whose
office
by
inheritance
was
to
beare
the
standard
of
England
,
cast
downe
the
same
and
fled
:
which
thing
incouraged
the
Welshmen
in
such
sort
,
that
the
king
being
sore
distressed
,
had
much
a
doo
to
saue
himselfe
:
and
(
as
the
French
Chronicle
saith
)
was
faine
to
flée
;
of
whose
part
Eustace
,
Fitz-Iohn
,
and
Robert
Curcie
two
worthie
knights
,
with
diuerse
other
noble
men
and
gentlemen
,
were
slaine
.
After
that
,
Owen
incamped
and
intrenched
himselfe
at
Bryn
y
pin
,
and
skirmished
with
the
kings
men
dailie
,
and
in
the
meane
while
that
the
King
was
fortifieng
the
castell
of
Ruthlan
;
his
nauie
,
which
was
guided
by
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
Prince
of
Powys
,
anchored
in
Môn
or
Anglesey
,
and
put
on
land
the
soldiours
,
which
spoiled
two
churches
,
and
a
little
of
the
countrie
thereabouts
.
But
as
they
returned
vnto
their
ships
,
all
the
strength
of
the
Ile
set
vpon
them
and
killed
them
all
,
so
that
none
of
those
which
robbed
within
the
Ile
brought
tidings
how
they
sped
.
Then
the
shipmen
seeing
that
,
liked
not
their
lodging
there
,
but
waid
vp
anchors
and
went
awaie
to
Chester
.
In
the
meane
time
there
was
a
peace
concluded
betwixt
the
king
and
the
Prince
,
vpon
condition
that
Cadwalader
should
haue
his
lands
againe
,
and
his
brother
should
be
his
friend
.
Then
the
King
leauing
the
castels
of
Ruthlan
and
Basywerke
well
fortified
and
manned
,
after
he
had
built
a
house
thereby
for
the
templers
,
returned
to
England
.
At
that
time
also
Iorwerth
Goch
ap
Meredyth
got
the
castell
of
Yale
,
and
burned
it
.
The
yeare
folowing
,
Morgan
ap
Owen
was
traitorously
slaine
by
the
men
of
Ivor
ap
Meyric
,
with
whom
died
the
best
poet
in
the
Brytish
toong
of
his
time
,
called
Gurgan
ap
Rees
:
and
his
brother
Iorwerth
got
the
towne
of
Caerlheon
,
and
the
lands
of
Owen
.
Then
the
king
made
peace
with
all
the
princes
&
lords
of
Wales
,
except
Rees
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
prince
of
Southwales
,
which
Rees
fearing
the
kings
power
,
caused
his
people
to
remooue
their
cattell
&
goods
to
the
wildernesse
of
Tywy
,
and
he
still
made
war
against
the
king
.
Therefore
the
king
sent
for
him
to
come
to
his
court
,
to
conclude
a
peace
before
the
power
of
England
&
Wales
were
sent
for
him
:
wherevpon
Rees
after
consultation
came
to
the
king
,
and
an
order
was
taken
that
Rees
should
enioy
the
Cantref
Mawr
,
as
it
should
please
the
king
,
so
that
his
land
should
be
whole
togither
,
and
not
in
diuerse
places
and
shires
:
but
the
king
did
contrarie
to
his
promise
,
appointing
Rees
lands
in
diuerse
places
,
and
lordships
intermingled
with
other
mens
lands
.
Which
deceit
although
Rees
perceiued
well
inough
,
yet
he
receiued
it
peece-meale
as
it
was
,
and
liued
quietlie
,
vntill
Roger
Earle
of
Clare
hearing
this
,
came
to
the
king
,
and
desired
his
highnesse
to
giue
him
such
lands
in
Wales
as
he
could
win
,
which
the
king
granted
.
Then
he
came
with
a
great
armie
to
Caerdigan
,
&
first
he
fortified
the
castell
of
Stratmeyric
,
and
afterwards
the
castell
of
Humfrey
,
of
Dyuy
,
of
Dynerth
,
&
Lhanristyd
.
When
these
castels
were
well
manned
and
fortified
,
Walter
Clyfford
,
who
had
the
keeping
of
the
castell
of
Lhanymdhyfri
,
made
a
road
to
the
land
of
Rees
,
and
returned
with
a
bootie
,
after
he
had
slaine
diuerse
of
Reeses
men
.
Then
Rees
sent
to
the
king
to
complaine
,
and
to
haue
a
redresse
,
who
had
onelie
faire
words
and
nothing
else
:
for
the
king
winked
at
the
faults
of
the
Englishmen
and
Normanes
,
and
punished
the
Welshmen
cruellie
.
Rees
seeing
this
,
laid
siege
to
Lhanymdhyfri
,
and
in
short
space
wan
the
castell
.
Also
Eneon
the
sonne
of
Anarawd
Reeses
brothers
sonne
,
being
a
lustie
gentleman
,
and
desirous
to
make
his
countrie
free
from
seruitude
,
and
perceiuing
his
vncle
to
be
discharged
of
his
oth
to
the
king
,
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Humfrey
,
&
by
force
wan
it
,
slaieng
all
the
garrison
,
wherein
he
found
horses
and
armour
to
furnish
a
great
number
of
men
.
Likewise
Rees
,
seeing
he
could
enioy
no
part
of
his
inheritance
but
that
he
wan
by
the
sword
,
gathered
his
power
,
&
entring
Caerdigan
,
left
not
a
castell
standing
in
the
countrie
,
of
those
which
his
enimies
had
fortified
,
and
so
brought
all
to
his
subiection
.
Wherewith
the
king
being
sore
offended
,
returned
to
Southwales
,
and
when
he
saw
he
could
doo
no
good
,
he
suffered
Rees
to
enioy
all
that
he
had
gotten
,
and
tooke
pledges
of
him
to
keepe
the
peace
in
his
absence
.
Then
returning
to
England
,
he
tooke
his
iournie
to
Normandie
,
and
made
peace
with
the
French
king
.
But
the
next
yeare
Rees
prince
of
Southwales
did
lead
his
power
to
Dyuet
,
and
destroied
all
the
castels
that
the
Normanes
had
fortified
there
,
and
afterward
laid
siege
to
Caermarthin
.
Which
thing
when
Reynold
Erle
of
Brystow
the
kings
base
sonne
heard
,
he
called
to
him
the
Earle
of
Clare
,
and
his
brother
in
law
Cadwalader
the
brother
of
prince
Owen
,
with
Howel
and
Conan
prince
Owens
sonnes
,
and
two
other
Earles
,
and
came
to
raise
the
siege
with
a
great
armie
:
whose
comming
Rees
abode
not
,
but
got
him
to
the
mountains
called
Kefn
Rester
,
and
there
kept
himselfe
,
and
they
camped
at
Dynwyl
hîr
,
and
builded
a
castell
there
,
who
after
they
could
not
heare
of
Rees
,
returned
home
without
doing
of
anie
notable
act
.
King
Henrie
remained
in
Normandie
all
this
yeare
,
where
he
made
warre
against
the
Earle
of
S.
Giles
for
the
citie
and
Earledome
of
Tholouse
.
1160
In
the
yeare
1160.
died
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
prince
of
Powys
at
Winchester
.
This
man
was
euer
the
king
of
Englands
freend
,
and
was
one
that
feared
God
,
and
releeued
the
poore
,
his
bodie
was
conueied
honorablie
to
Powys
,
and
buried
in
Myuot
.
This
man
had
by
his
wife
Susanna
the
daughter
of
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
prince
of
Northwales
three
sonnes
,
Gruffyth
Maylor
,
Owen
,
and
Elise
,
and
a
daughter
called
Marred
:
he
had
base
sons
,
Owen
Brogynton
,
Kynwric
Euelh
,
and
Eneon
Euelh
,
which
base
sonnes
were
not
baselie
esteemed
,
who
with
the
other
had
part
of
their
fathers
inheritance
,
and
so
had
other
through
Wales
,
especiallie
if
they
were
stout
and
of
noble
courage
.
And
here
I
thinke
it
conuenient
to
declare
how
Powys
land
came
to
be
diuided
in
many
parts
,
and
thereby
weakened
and
so
brought
vnder
the
Normanes
,
before
the
rest
of
Wales
.
Meredyth
sonne
to
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
prince
of
Powys
had
two
sons
,
Madoc
of
whom
we
speake
,
and
Gruffyth
,
betweene
whom
Powys
was
diuided
.
Madoc
had
that
part
which
was
called
Powys
Vadoc
,
which
part
again
was
diuided
betwixt
his
three
sons
,
Gruffyth
Maylor
,
Owen
Vachan
,
and
Owen
Brogynton
after
this
maner
.
Gruffyth
Maylor
had
Bromfield
,
Yale
,
Hope
Dale
,
Nanhewdwy
,
Mochnant
îs
Rhayard
,
Chirke
,
Cynlhayth
,
and
Glyndouerdwy
.
Owen
Vachan
had
Mechain
Iscoyd
.
And
Owen
Brogynton
had
Dynmael
,
and
Edeyrneon
.
The
other
part
of
Powys
called
afterward
Powys
Wenwynwyn
,
was
the
part
of
Gruffyth
ap
Meredyth
,
after
whose
death
his
sonne
called
Owen
Cyuelioc
enioied
it
,
as
it
shall
be
at
large
hereafter
declared
.
The
lordship
of
Powys
.
Powys
before
king
Offas
time
reached
Estward
to
the
riuers
of
Dee
and
Seauerne
,
with
a
right
line
from
the
end
of
Broxen
hilles
to
Salop
,
with
all
the
countrie
betwéene
Wye
and
Seauerne
,
whereof
Brochwel
yscithroc
(
of
whom
mention
is
made
before
,
pag.
22.
)
was
possessed
:
but
after
the
making
of
Offas
ditch
(
as
it
is
said
before
pag.
19.
)
the
plaine
countrie
toward
Salop
,
being
inhabited
by
Saxons
and
Normans
,
Powys
was
in
length
from
Pulford
bridge
Northeast
,
to
the
confines
of
Caerdigan
shire
,
in
the
parish
of
Lhanguric
in
the
Southwest
;
and
in
bredth
from
the
furthest
part
of
Cyuelioc
Westward
,
to
Elsmere
on
the
Eastside
.
This
countrie
or
principalitie
of
Powys
was
appointed
by
Roderike
the
Great
for
the
portion
of
his
third
sonne
Anarawd
,
and
so
continued
intierlie
vntill
the
death
of
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
.
After
whom
,
although
the
dominion
was
diminished
by
limiting
parts
in
seueraltie
amongst
his
sonnes
Meredyth
and
Cadogan
,
yet
at
length
it
came
wholie
to
the
possession
of
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
,
who
had
issue
two
sonnes
Madoc
and
Gruffyth
,
betwéene
whom
the
said
dominion
was
diuided
,
Madoc
maried
Susanna
the
daughter
of
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
prince
of
Northwales
,
and
had
that
part
,
which
was
after
called
after
his
name
Powys
Vadoc
,
which
dominion
and
Seigniorie
was
diuided
betwixt
the
thrée
sonnes
of
the
said
Madoc
,
to
wit
,
Gruffyth
Maelor
,
Owen
ap
Madoc
,
and
Owen
Brogynton
,
which
Owen
Brogynton
although
he
was
baselie
begotten
,
yet
for
his
valiancie
and
noble
courage
he
had
part
of
his
fathers
inheritance
,
to
wit
,
Edeyrneon
and
Dinmael
,
and
had
issue
Gruffyth
,
Blethin
,
and
Iorwerth
.
Owen
ap
Madoc
had
to
his
portion
of
inheritance
limited
the
territorie
of
Mechain
Is
coed
,
and
had
issue
Lhewelyn
and
Owen
Vachan
.
Gruffyth
Maelor
the
eldest
sonne
lord
of
Bromfield
had
to
his
part
the
two
Maelors
and
Mochnant
is
Rayadr
,
he
maried
Angharat
the
daughter
of
Owen
Gwyneth
prince
of
Northwales
,
by
whome
he
had
issue
one
sonne
named
Madoc
,
who
held
his
fathers
inheritance
wholie
,
and
had
issue
Gruffyth
called
lord
of
Dînas
brân
(
because
he
dwelled
in
that
castell
)
who
maried
Emma
the
daughter
of
Iames
lord
Audley
,
and
had
issue
Madoc
,
Lhewelyn
,
Gruffyth
and
Owen
.
This
Gruffyth
ap
Madoc
tooke
part
with
king
Henrie
the
third
and
Edward
the
first
,
against
the
prince
of
Northwales
,
and
therefore
for
feare
of
the
prince
he
was
faine
to
lie
for
his
owne
safegard
in
his
said
castell
of
Dînas
brân
,
which
standeth
on
the
toppe
of
a
verie
stéepe
hill
,
to
the
which
there
is
no
waie
but
one
to
come
.
He
died
,
his
children
being
within
age
,
wherevpon
shortlie
after
ensued
the
destruction
of
two
of
them
:
for
the
said
king
Ed.
1.
gaue
the
wardship
of
Madoc
(
who
had
for
his
part
the
lordships
of
Bromfield
and
Yale
,
and
the
said
castell
of
Dînas
brân
,
which
the
reuersion
of
Maelor
Saesnec
after
his
mothers
decease
,
who
had
the
same
to
hir
iointer
)
to
Iohn
Earle
Warren
;
and
granted
the
wardship
of
Lhewelyn
,
(
to
whose
part
the
lordships
of
Chirke
and
Nanhevdwy
came
)
to
Roger
Mortimer
third
sonne
to
Roger
Mortimer
the
sonne
of
Ralph
Mortimer
Lord
Mortimer
of
Wigmor
.
These
guardians
forgetting
the
seruice
doone
by
the
father
of
the
wardes
to
the
king
,
so
garded
their
wardes
with
so
small
regard
,
See
the
records
in
the
Towre
.
that
they
neuer
returned
to
their
possessions
.
And
shortlie
after
the
said
guardians
did
obtaine
the
same
lands
to
themselues
by
charters
of
the
king
.
This
Iohn
Earle
Warren
began
to
build
the
Holt
castell
,
and
William
his
son
finished
the
same
.
The
lordship
of
Bromfield
and
Yale
continued
in
the
name
of
the
Earle
Warren
thrée
descents
,
Iohn
,
William
and
Iohn
that
died
without
issue
,
and
then
the
said
lordship
togither
with
the
said
Erldome
of
Warren
,
descended
to
Alice
daughter
of
the
said
William
Erle
Warren
,
and
sister
and
heire
of
the
said
last
Iohn
Earle
Warren
,
which
Alice
maried
Edmond
Fitzalan
Erle
of
Arundell
,
in
the
which
house
of
Fitzalanes
it
remained
thrée
descents
after
the
said
Edmond
and
Alice
,
to
wit
,
to
Richard
Earle
of
Arundell
,
and
to
Richard
Earle
of
Arundell
his
sonne
,
and
to
Thomas
Earle
of
Arundell
sonne
of
the
said
last
Richard.
And
then
for
want
of
issue
of
the
said
Thomas
Earle
of
Arundell
and
Warren
,
the
said
lordship
fell
to
two
of
his
sisters
,
whereof
one
named
Elizabeth
was
maried
to
Thomas
Mowbray
Duke
of
Norfolke
,
the
other
named
Ioane
was
maried
to
William
Beauchamp
lord
of
Abergauenny
,
whose
part
afterwards
came
by
a
daughter
to
the
Neuil
lord
of
Abergauenny
:
and
sithence
it
came
to
the
hands
of
Sir
William
Stanley
knight
,
by
whose
attaindor
it
escheated
to
the
crowne
,
and
so
remaineth
parcell
of
hir
maiesties
possessions
at
this
daie
.
Roger
Mortimer
Iustice
of
Northwales
,
Chirke
.
builded
the
castell
of
Chirke
,
and
maried
Lucia
the
daughter
and
heire
of
Sir
Robert
de
Wafre
knight
,
by
whom
he
had
issue
Roger
Mortimer
,
who
maried
Ioane
Turberuile
,
and
had
issue
Iohn
Mortimer
lord
of
Chirke
.
This
Iohn
sold
the
lordship
of
Chirke
,
to
Richard
Fitzalan
Earle
of
Arundell
,
sonne
to
the
said
Edmond
,
and
so
it
was
annexed
againe
to
Bromfield
and
Yale
.
The
third
sonne
of
Gruffyth
lord
of
Dînas
brân
,
named
also
Gruffyth
,
had
for
his
part
Glyndowrdwy
,
Glyndowrdwy
.
which
Gruffyth
ap
Gruffyth
was
father
of
Madoc
Crupl
father
of
Madoc
Vachan
father
of
Gruffyth
father
of
Gruffyth
Vachan
,
father
of
Owen
Glyndowr
,
who
rebelled
in
the
time
of
king
Henrie
the
fourth
,
by
whose
attaindor
that
part
also
came
to
the
kings
hands
,
which
was
purchased
of
the
king
by
Robert
Salisburie
of
Rug
,
of
whome
Salisburie
the
lord
of
Glyndowrdwy
that
now
is
descended
.
Owen
the
fourth
sonne
of
Gruffyth
lord
of
Dînas
brân
had
for
his
part
Cynlhaeth
,
which
at
this
daie
togither
with
the
lordship
of
Chirke
land
is
parcell
of
the
possessions
of
the
right
honorable
the
Earle
of
Leycester
.
The
other
part
of
Powys
,
containing
the
countries
of
Arustly
,
Cyuelioc
,
Lhannerch
hudol
,
Caereneon
,
Mochnant
vwch
Rayader
,
Mechain
vwch
Coed
,
Mouthwy
,
Deuthwr
,
Strat
Marchelh
,
and
Teirtref
or
the
thrée
townes
,
rightfullie
descended
to
Gruffyth
ap
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
before
mentioned
,
who
was
by
King
Henrie
the
first
created
Lord
Powys
,
he
married
Gweyryl
or
Weyryl
the
daughter
of
Vrgene
ap
Howel
ap
Ieuaf
ap
Cadogan
ap
Athlestan
Glodryth
,
and
by
hir
had
issue
Owen
surnamed
Cyuelioc
.
Owen
Cyuelioc
enioied
his
whole
inheritance
as
his
father
did
,
and
married
Wenlhian
the
daughter
of
Owen
Gwyneth
,
Prince
of
Northwales
,
by
whom
he
had
issue
Gwenwynwyn
or
Wenwynwyn
:
after
whose
name
that
part
of
Powys
was
afterward
called
Powys
Wenwynwyn
.
He
had
also
a
bastard
brother
called
Caswalhon
,
to
whom
he
gaue
the
territories
called
Swydh
Lhannerch
Hudol
and
Braniarth
.
Gwenwynwyn
succéeded
his
father
in
the
whole
segniorie
,
sauing
Lhannerch
,
Hudol
and
Braniarth
,
which
were
giuen
to
his
base
brother
Caswalhon
Maelrhy
,
during
his
life
time
onelie
.
Which
Gwenwynwyn
married
Margaret
daughter
to
Rees
ap
Theodor
Prince
of
Southwales
,
and
by
hir
had
issue
Gruffyth
ap
Gwenwynwyn
.
Gruffyth
ap
Gwenwynwyn
succéeded
his
father
in
all
his
possessions
,
and
had
issue
sixe
sonnes
,
among
whom
his
inheritance
was
diuided
as
foloweth
.
Owen
the
eldest
sonne
had
for
his
part
,
Arustly
,
Cyuelioc
,
Lhannerch
hudol
,
and
the
moitie
of
Caereneon
.
Lhewelyn
the
second
sonne
had
Mochnant
vwch
Rayader
and
Mechain
vwch
Coed
.
Iohn
the
third
sonne
had
the
fourth
part
of
Caereneon
.
William
the
fourth
sonne
had
Mouthwy
.
Gruffyth
Vachan
the
fift
sonne
,
had
Deuthwr
,
Strat
marchelh
and
Teirtref
.
Dauid
the
sixt
sonne
had
the
other
fourth
part
of
Caereneon
.
Owen
ap
Gruffyth
had
issue
one
onelie
daughter
his
heire
,
named
Hawys
Gadarn
,
that
is
,
Hawys
the
hardie
,
against
whom
hir
vncles
Lhewelyn
,
Iohn
,
Gruffyth
Vachan
,
and
Dauid
arose
,
challenging
the
lands
of
their
brother
Owen
,
and
affirming
that
a
woman
was
not
capable
of
lands
in
that
countrie
.
Wherevpon
Hawys
made
such
fréends
in
England
,
that
the
matter
being
opened
vnto
King
Edward
the
second
,
the
said
King
bestowed
hir
in
marriage
vpon
a
seruant
of
his
named
Iohn
Charleton
,
termed
Valectus
Domini
Regis
,
borne
in
Appley
,
a
little
off
from
Welinton
1268.
in
the
countie
of
Salop
,
whom
he
made
Lord
Powys
in
hir
right
.
This
Iohn
Charleton
Lord
Powys
,
being
aided
by
the
king
tooke
thrée
of
his
wiues
vncles
,
to
wit
,
Lhewelyn
,
Dauid
and
Iohn
,
whom
he
laid
vp
fast
in
the
kings
castell
of
Hardlech
,
and
obteined
a
writ
from
the
King
of
the
Shirife
of
the
countie
of
Salop
,
and
Sir
Roger
Mortimer
Lord
of
Chirkland
and
iustice
of
Northwales
,
for
the
apprehension
of
Gruffyth
Vachan
,
with
Sir
Roger
Chamber
,
and
Hugh
Mountgomerie
his
two
sonnes
in
lawe
,
which
then
were
in
armour
against
the
said
Charleton
and
Hawys
.
Wherevpon
the
said
Gruffyth
Vachan
and
his
brethren
,
hauing
then
lost
their
greatest
staie
,
which
was
Thomas
Earle
of
Lancaster
,
submitted
themselues
to
the
kings
order
,
touching
all
matters
in
variance
betwéene
them
and
their
néece
:
who
finding
by
records
,
that
Gruffyth
ap
Meredyth
,
auncestor
to
the
said
Hawys
,
vpon
his
submission
to
King
Henrie
the
first
,
became
subiect
to
the
King
of
England
,
and
therevpon
was
by
the
said
King
created
Baron
of
Powys
,
which
Baronie
he
and
his
heires
held
afterward
of
the
king
in
Capite
,
as
other
Barons
of
England
did
.
And
therefore
the
said
Hawys
(
as
it
séemed
vnto
him
)
had
more
right
to
hir
fathers
possessions
,
being
in
hir
vncles
hands
,
than
they
to
hirs
.
But
to
make
a
finall
end
betwéene
them
,
order
and
composition
was
taken
,
that
Hawys
should
enioie
hir
inheritance
,
in
fée
simple
to
hir
and
to
hir
heires
for
euer
,
after
the
tenure
of
England
.
And
that
hir
vncles
Lhewelyn
,
Iohn
,
Dauid
,
and
Gruffyth
,
should
hould
their
portions
to
them
and
to
their
heires
male
for
euer
.
And
in
default
of
such
issue
male
,
the
same
to
descend
and
remaine
to
the
said
Hawys
,
and
to
hir
heires
for
euer
.
Mowthwy
.
William
Lord
of
Mowthwy
,
otherwise
called
Wilcocke
Mowthwy
,
being
the
fourth
sonne
,
(
bicause
he
did
not
trouble
his
said
néece
Hawy
about
hir
inheritance
,
)
had
his
lands
confirmed
and
assured
in
fée
simple
to
him
and
to
his
heires
generall
male
or
female
foreuer
.
He
maried
Alianor
the
sister
of
Elen
,
Owen
Glyndowres
mother
,
the
daughter
of
Thomas
sonne
of
Lhewelyn
sonne
of
Owen
sonne
of
Meredyth
sonne
of
Owen
sonne
of
Gruffyth
sonne
of
Rees
sonne
of
Gruffyth
sonne
of
Rees
ap
Theodor
prince
of
Southwales
,
by
whome
he
had
issue
Iohn
de
Mowthwy
.
Iohn
the
sonne
of
William
Lord
of
Mowthwy
had
issue
Elizabeth
his
daughter
and
sole
heire
,
which
was
maried
to
Sir
Hugh
Burgh
knight
.
Sir
Hugh
Burgh
knight
in
the
right
of
his
wife
lord
of
Mowthwy
,
had
issue
Sir
Iohn
Burgh
.
Sir
Iohn
Burgh
lord
of
Mowthwy
,
maried
Iane
the
daughter
of
Sir
William
Clopton
knight
lord
of
the
manours
of
Clopton
and
Radbrooke
in
the
countie
of
Glocester
,
and
by
hir
had
issue
foure
daughters
,
Elizabeth
,
Ancreda
,
Isabell
and
Alianor
.
Elizabeth
maried
to
Thomas
Newport
father
of
Iohn
,
father
of
Thomas
father
of
sir
Richard
Newport
knight
late
deceased
father
of
Francis
and
Andrew
now
liuing
.
Ancreda
maried
to
Iohn
Leighton
of
Stretton
father
of
Sir
Thomas
Leighton
of
Watelsborough
knight
,
father
of
Iohn
Leighton
,
father
of
Edward
Leighton
Esquire
,
eldest
sonne
:
and
of
Sir
Thomas
Leighton
knight
second
sonne
now
liuing
.
Isabell
maried
to
Iohn
Lingen
,
father
of
Sir
Iohn
Lingen
knight
.
And
Alianor
maried
to
Thomas
Mytton
,
father
of
William
Mytton
,
father
of
Richard
Mytton
,
who
by
partition
had
amongst
the
said
coheires
enioied
the
said
Seigniorie
and
Lordship
of
Mowthwy
.
The
said
Iohn
Charleton
first
of
that
sirname
had
issue
by
the
said
Hawys
Iohn
,
and
died
An.
1353.
Iohn
Charleton
the
second
lord
Powys
held
that
Seigniorie
seuen
yeares
,
and
then
died
,
An.
1360.
leauing
behind
him
a
sonne
and
heire
called
also
Iohn
.
Iohn
Charleton
the
third
lord
Powys
succéeded
his
father
,
and
enioied
that
lordship
fouretéene
yeares
,
and
then
died
,
An.
1374.
leauing
behind
him
two
sons
,
Iohn
and
Edward
.
Iohn
Charleton
the
fourth
lord
Powys
possessed
his
fathers
inheritance
after
him
27.
yeares
,
and
then
died
without
issue
,
An.
1401.
Edward
Charleton
brother
and
heire
to
the
said
Iohn
,
succéeded
him
in
the
lordship
of
Powys
,
and
held
the
same
19.
yeares
,
he
maried
Alianor
daughter
and
one
of
the
heires
of
of
Thomas
Earle
of
Kent
,
being
the
widow
of
Roger
Mortimer
Earle
of
March
,
and
mother
to
Anne
countesse
of
Cambridge
,
the
mother
of
Richard
duke
of
Yorke
,
and
had
issue
by
hir
two
daughters
his
heires
,
Iane
eldest
daughter
maried
to
Sir
Iohn
Gray
knight
,
and
Ioyce
second
daughter
maried
to
Iohn
lord
Tiptoft
,
by
whome
she
had
issue
Iohn
lord
Tiptoft
,
created
by
king
Henrie
the
sixt
Earle
of
Worcester
,
who
died
without
issue
:
and
foure
daughters
,
Philip
,
Ioyce
,
Ioane
,
and
Margaret
:
the
first
Philip
,
maried
to
Thomas
lord
Ros.
The
second
Ioyce
,
maried
to
Edmond
Dudley
sonne
and
heire
to
Iohn
baron
Dudley
.
The
third
Ioane
,
maried
to
Sir
Edward
Inglethorp
knight
,
who
had
issue
Isabell
maried
to
Iohn
Neuill
Marques
Montague
.
After
the
death
of
the
said
Alianor
,
this
Edward
lord
Powys
maried
Elizabeth
the
daughter
of
Sir
Iohn
Barkley
knight
,
and
died
An.
1420.
After
whose
death
the
lordship
of
Powys
was
diuided
into
thrée
parts
:
first
the
said
Elizabeth
had
for
hir
dowrie
Lhannerch
hudol
,
Strat
marchelh
,
Deuthwr
and
Teirtref
,
and
maried
to
hir
second
husband
the
Baron
of
Dudley
.
The
said
Iane
the
eldest
daughter
had
for
hir
part
Caereneon
,
Mecham
,
Mochnant
and
Plâsdinas
.
The
third
,
Ioyce
the
yoonger
daughter
had
Cyuelioc
and
Arustly
.
Henrie
Gray
the
sonne
of
Sir
Iohn
Gray
knight
,
and
Iane
daughter
and
one
of
the
heires
of
Edward
Chareleton
lord
Powys
,
was
in
the
right
of
the
said
Iane
his
mother
lord
Powys
,
he
was
also
by
king
Henrie
the
fift
created
Earle
of
Tanqueruile
,
and
maried
Antigone
base
daughter
to
Humfrey
duke
of
Glocester
,
fourth
sonne
to
king
Henrie
the
fourth
,
and
had
issue
Richard
,
Humfrey
,
and
Elizabeth
the
wife
of
Sir
Roger
Kinaston
.
Richard
Gray
lord
Powys
maried
Margaret
the
daughter
of
Iames
lord
Audley
,
and
by
hir
had
issue
Iohn
and
Elizabeth
,
the
wife
of
Iohn
Ludlow
sonne
of
sir
Richard
Ludlow
knight
,
which
Iohn
and
Elizabeth
had
issue
two
daughters
,
Anne
and
Alice
.
Anne
the
elder
maried
Thomas
Vernon
,
second
sonne
of
Sir
Henrie
Vernon
of
Haddon
in
the
Peke
,
of
whom
Henrie
Vernon
of
Stokesay
now
liuing
is
descended
.
Alice
the
second
daughter
maried
Humfrey
Vernon
third
sonne
of
the
said
sir
Henrie
,
and
brother
to
the
said
Thomas
,
of
whom
Iohn
Vernon
of
Hodnet
now
liuing
is
descended
.
Iohn
Gray
lord
Powys
had
issue
Iohn
.
Iohn
Gray
lord
Powys
had
issue
Edward
.
Edward
Gray
lord
Powys
maried
Anne
the
daughter
of
Charles
Brandon
duke
of
Suffolke
,
and
died
without
lawfull
issue
.
The
same
yeare
Cadwalhon
ap
Madoc
ap
Ednerth
was
taken
by
his
brother
Eneon
Clyd
,
and
deliuered
to
Owen
prince
of
Northwales
,
who
sent
him
to
the
kings
officers
to
be
imprisoned
at
Winchester
,
from
whence
he
escaped
shortlie
after
,
and
came
to
his
countrie
.
Henrie
king
of
England
remained
in
Normandie
all
this
yeare
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
130.
whose
sonne
named
also
Henrie
maried
Margaret
the
daughter
of
Lewys
king
of
France
.
The
yeare
next
folowing
died
Meyric
bishop
of
Bangor
.
Then
king
Henrie
and
the
French
King
fell
at
variance
;
Matt.
West
.
pag.
46.
wherevpon
shortlie
after
,
King
Henrie
went
to
Gascoyne
to
chastise
certeine
rebels
there
.
But
in
the
yeare
1162.
1162
there
was
a
peace
concluded
betweene
the
kings
of
England
and
France
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
131.
At
that
time
Howel
the
son
of
Ieuaf
ap
Cadogan
ap
Athlestan
Glodrydh
,
got
the
castell
of
Walwern
in
Cyuelioc
,
and
rased
it
:
which
thing
when
it
was
told
Owen
Prince
of
Northwales
,
it
displeased
him
wonderfullie
,
at
the
which
he
was
so
greeued
,
that
nothing
could
make
him
merrie
,
vntill
such
time
as
he
had
gathered
his
power
,
&
came
to
Lhanthinam
in
Arustly
,
and
thence
fet
great
spoiles
.
Then
the
people
of
the
countrie
came
all
to
their
Lord
Howel
ap
Ieuaf
,
who
folowed
the
spoile
to
Seauerne
side
,
where
the
Princes
campe
was
:
whereof
the
Prince
séeing
such
an
occasion
of
reuenge
offered
him
,
was
right
glad
,
and
set
vpon
his
enimies
,
and
slew
the
most
part
of
them
,
and
the
rest
with
their
Lord
escaped
to
the
woods
and
rocks
.
Then
the
Prince
being
ioifull
of
this
reuenge
,
built
vp
his
castell
againe
,
and
fortified
it
stronglie
.
The
yeare
folowing
,
Owen
the
sonne
of
Gruffyth
ap
Meredyth
,
named
Owen
Cyuelioc
,
Castelh
Caerec
Hòua
.
and
Owen
ap
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
got
the
castell
of
Carrechoua
by
Oswestrie
,
and
wasted
it
.
About
the
same
time
,
1163
there
was
a
combate
fought
betweene
Robert
Mountfort
,
Matth.
West
.
page
.
46.
and
Henrie
de
Essex
,
to
trie
which
of
them
had
begun
the
flight
in
the
voiage
against
the
Welshmen
in
the
marches
.
Either
of
them
accused
the
other
,
but
in
the
triall
Henrie
was
ouercome
,
and
afterward
disinherited
,
&
shauen
a
moonke
at
Redding
.
Then
the
king
gathered
a
great
power
against
Southwales
,
and
came
himselfe
as
farre
as
Pencadayr
beside
Brechnock
,
where
Rees
came
to
him
and
did
him
homage
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
47.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
134.
and
gaue
him
pledges
,
and
then
the
king
went
to
Ireland
againe
.
About
this
time
Eneon
the
sonne
of
Anarawd
ap
Gruffyth
nephue
to
prince
Rees
was
murthered
in
his
bed
by
a
man
of
his
owne
named
Lhywarch
.
Also
Cadogan
ap
Meredyth
was
slaine
after
the
like
maner
by
one
Walter
ap
Riccart
.
Then
the
lord
Rees
(
as
he
is
called
in
Welsh
,
or
king
Rees
as
the
Latine
authors
name
him
)
tooke
the
Cantref
Mawr
(
which
is
a
great
countrie
)
and
the
land
of
Dynevowr
,
and
enioied
it
.
And
this
yeare
died
Cadiuor
ap
Daniel
Archdeacon
of
Caerdigan
;
and
Henrie
ap
Arthen
,
which
was
the
worthiest
clerke
that
had
beene
manie
yeares
in
Wales
.
The
yeare
ensuing
,
the
lord
Rees
seeing
he
was
not
able
to
maintaine
his
estate
with
such
lands
as
the
king
had
appointed
him
,
entred
the
lands
of
Roger
de
Clare
Earle
of
Glocester
,
(
for
by
the
Earles
means
was
his
nephue
murthered
)
and
wanne
the
castels
of
Aberheidol
and
of
the
sonnes
of
Wynyaon
&
rased
them
.
And
so
in
short
time
he
brought
all
Caerdigan
to
his
subiection
,
from
thence
he
made
manie
roades
against
the
Flemings
,
and
got
great
spoiles
in
their
countrie
.
Then
all
Wales
agreed
to
forsake
the
rule
of
the
Normanes
(
whose
treason
and
crueltie
they
could
not
abide
)
and
to
serue
princes
of
their
owne
nation
.
This
yeare
Hamelyn
base
brother
to
king
Henrie
maried
the
Countesse
of
Warren
,
which
was
wife
to
William
Earle
of
Egle
,
base
sonne
to
king
Stephen
,
and
daughter
and
heire
to
William
Earle
Warren
.
Also
this
yeare
died
Walter
Gifford
Earle
of
Buckingham
without
heire
,
&
therefore
the
Earledome
fell
to
the
kings
hands
.
In
the
yeare
1165.
1165
Dauid
the
sonne
of
Owen
prince
of
Northwales
did
destroie
all
Flynt
shire
,
which
was
the
kings
,
and
caried
all
the
people
and
cattell
with
him
to
the
Dyffryn
Cloyd
now
called
Ruthyn
land
.
Which
thing
when
the
king
vnderstood
,
he
leuied
an
armie
in
hast
,
and
came
to
succour
his
castels
and
people
as
far
as
Ruthlan
,
and
after
he
had
laine
there
three
daies
,
and
could
do
no
good
,
he
returned
to
England
,
where
he
gathered
another
armie
of
chosen
men
,
through
all
his
dominions
,
as
England
,
Normandie
,
Aniow
,
Gascoine
,
&
Gwyen
;
sending
for
succours
from
Flanders
and
Brytaine
,
&
then
returned
towards
Northwales
,
minding
vtterlie
to
destroie
all
that
had
life
in
the
land
,
and
comming
to
Croes
Oswalt
called
Oswaldstree
,
incamped
there
.
On
the
contrarie
side
,
prince
Owen
and
his
brother
Cadwalader
with
all
the
power
of
Northwales
,
and
the
lord
Rees
with
the
power
of
Southwales
:
&
Owen
Cynelioc
,
and
the
sonnes
of
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
with
the
power
of
Powys
:
and
the
two
sonnes
of
Madoc
ap
Ednerth
,
with
the
people
betwixt
Wye
and
Seauerne
,
gathered
themselues
togither
,
and
came
to
Corwen
in
Edeyrneon
,
purposing
to
defend
their
countrie
.
But
the
king
vnderstanding
that
they
were
so
nigh
,
being
wonderfull
desirous
of
battel
,
came
to
the
riuer
Ceireoc
,
and
caused
the
woods
to
be
hewen
downe
.
Wherevpon
a
number
of
the
Welshmen
vnderstanding
the
passage
,
vnknowing
to
their
captaines
met
with
the
kings
ward
,
where
were
placed
the
piked
men
of
all
the
armie
,
and
there
began
a
hote
skirmish
,
where
diuerse
worthie
men
were
slaine
on
either
side
,
but
in
the
end
the
king
wanne
the
passage
,
and
came
to
the
mountaine
of
Berwyn
,
where
he
laie
in
campe
certaine
daies
,
and
so
both
the
armies
stood
in
awe
each
of
other
:
for
the
king
kept
the
open
plaines
,
and
was
affraid
to
be
intrapped
in
straits
;
but
the
Welshmen
watched
for
the
aduantage
of
the
place
,
&
kept
the
king
so
straitlie
,
that
neither
forrage
nor
victuall
might
come
to
his
camp
,
neither
durst
anie
soldiour
stirre
abroad
.
And
to
augment
these
miseries
,
there
fell
such
raine
,
that
the
kings
men
could
scant
stand
vpon
their
feete
vpon
those
slipperie
hilles
.
In
the
end
the
king
was
compelled
to
returne
home
without
his
purpose
,
&
that
with
great
losse
of
men
and
munition
,
besides
his
charges
.
Roger
Houeden
.
Therefore
in
a
great
choler
he
caused
the
pledges
eies
(
whom
he
had
receiued
long
before
that
)
to
be
put
out
:
which
were
Rees
and
Cadwalhon
the
sonnes
of
Owen
,
and
Cynwric
and
Meredyth
the
sonnes
of
Rees
and
other
.
Ger.
Dor.
Rad.
Cogeshall
.
Hol.
pag.
408.
I
find
also
written
by
diuers
,
that
in
the
assieging
of
a
bridge
the
king
was
in
no
small
danger
of
his
life
:
for
one
of
the
Weshmen
,
shooting
directlie
at
him
,
had
persed
him
through
the
bodie
,
if
Hubert
de
S.
Clere
constable
of
Colchester
(
perceiuing
the
arrow
comming
)
had
not
thrust
him selfe
betwixt
the
King
and
the
same
arrow
,
whereby
he
saued
his
maister
and
died
himselfe
for
him
presentlie
.
Although
Polydor
(
writing
the
historie
out
of
the
same
authors
)
doo
conceale
the
same
.
Then
after
long
consultation
,
the
king
came
the
third
time
towards
Northwales
,
intending
to
haue
his
armie
conueied
by
sea
,
&
to
land
in
some
conuenient
place
of
the
countrie
,
and
so
he
came
to
Chester
,
and
there
laie
a
certeine
time
,
till
all
his
nauie
was
gathered
togither
,
aswell
hired
ships
of
Ireland
as
his
owne
,
and
vpon
the
sudden
he
brake
vp
his
campe
,
and
gaue
both
ships
and
men
leaue
to
depart
.
The
same
yeare
Rees
prince
of
Southwales
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Aberteiui
,
and
wan
it
,
and
made
it
flat
with
the
ground
,
and
likewise
wan
Cilgerran
&
rased
it
.
At
which
time
he
tooke
prisoner
Robert
the
sonne
of
Stephen
(
his
coosen
germane
,
sonne
to
Nest
his
aunt
,
who
after
the
death
of
Gerald
had
maried
Stephen
constable
)
and
so
returned
home
with
great
honor
and
rich
spoile
.
About
the
same
time
died
Lhewelyn
sonne
to
prince
Owen
a
worthie
gentleman
and
of
great
towardnesse
.
In
the
yeare
ensuing
the
Flemings
and
Normanes
came
to
Westwales
with
a
great
power
,
against
the
castell
of
Cilgerran
(
which
Rees
had
fortified
)
and
laid
siege
to
it
,
assaulting
it
diuerse
times
:
but
it
was
so
manfullie
defended
,
that
they
returned
home
as
they
came
,
and
shortlie
after
they
came
before
it
againe
,
where
they
lost
manie
of
their
best
men
,
and
then
departed
againe
.
The
same
yeare
Owen
prince
of
Northwales
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Basygwerke
,
which
the
king
had
fortified
,
and
in
short
time
wan
the
same
and
rased
it
.
Girald
,
Cam.
About
the
same
time
Dermot
the
son
of
Murchart
was
chased
out
of
his
dominion
in
Ireland
,
and
went
to
Normandie
to
king
Henrie
for
succour
.
Also
Iorwerth
Goch
was
spoiled
of
his
lands
in
Powys
,
by
Owen
Cyuelioc
the
son
of
Gruffyth
ap
Meredyth
lord
of
Powys
,
&
by
Owen
Vachan
second
sonne
to
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
:
which
lands
they
diuided
betwixt
them
,
so
that
Owen
Cyuelioc
had
Mochnant
aboue
Rayader
,
and
Owen
Vachan
Mochnant
beneath
Rayader
.
This
yeare
there
was
an
earthquake
in
Northfolke
and
Suffolke
.
At
this
time
king
Henrie
maried
Geffrey
his
sonne
to
Constance
the
onelie
daughter
&
heire
of
Conan
Earle
of
Richmond
and
duke
of
Brytaine
.
1167
In
the
yeare
1167.
Owen
prince
of
Nothwales
,
Cadwalader
his
brother
,
and
Rees
prince
of
Southwales
brought
an
armie
to
Powys
against
Owen
Cyuelioc
,
and
wan
all
his
lands
,
&
chased
him
out
of
the
countrie
,
and
gaue
Caereneon
to
Owen
Vachan
the
sonne
of
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
,
to
hold
of
prince
Owen
;
and
the
lord
Rees
had
Walwern
,
bicause
it
stoode
within
his
countrie
.
But
within
a
while
after
,
Owen
Cyuelioc
returned
with
a
number
of
Normanes
and
Englishmen
to
recouer
his
countrie
againe
,
and
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Caereneon
,
and
winning
the
same
,
burned
it
to
the
ground
.
Also
the
same
yeare
,
the
aforesaid
princes
Owen
,
Rees
and
Cadwalader
,
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Ruthlan
,
which
the
king
had
latelie
built
and
fortified
,
which
the
garrison
defended
manfullie
and
worthilie
;
yet
the
princes
would
not
depart
vntill
they
had
won
it
,
which
they
did
at
two
moneths
end
,
and
then
rased
it
.
Afterward
they
gat
the
castell
of
Prestaryn
and
destroied
it
,
and
then
brought
all
Tegengl
to
Owens
subiection
,
and
returned
home
with
much
honor
.
In
the
yeare
folowing
Conan
the
sonne
of
prince
Owen
slew
Vrgeney
Abbot
of
Lhwythlawr
,
and
Lhawthen
his
nephue
.
At
this
time
Henrie
duke
of
Saxonie
maried
Mawd
king
Henries
daughter
.
Then
also
the
nobles
of
Poitiew
rebelled
against
king
Henrie
,
vpon
hope
of
the
French
kings
aid
,
and
slew
William
Fitzpatrike
Earle
of
Salisburie
:
then
the
king
created
William
his
sonne
Earle
in
his
steed
.
Also
the
Brytaines
of
Armorica
rebelled
against
king
Henrie
;
wherefore
he
destroied
a
great
part
of
the
countrie
.
The
next
yeare
Henrie
the
kings
eldest
sonne
did
homage
to
the
French
king
for
the
Earledome
of
Aniow
,
and
the
stewardship
of
France
,
which
belonged
thereto
:
and
Geffrey
did
his
brother
homage
for
the
dukedome
of
Brytaine
.
Then
the
king
made
a
great
ditch
or
trench
betwixt
France
and
Normandie
,
to
defend
the
countrie
from
sudden
incursions
and
theeues
.
And
this
yeare
Robert
the
sonne
of
Stephen
constable
was
released
out
of
his
coosins
the
lord
Rees
his
prison
,
Giral
.
Camb.
Expug
.
Hib.
and
was
sent
to
Ireland
with
a
great
power
to
succour
Dermot
son
to
Murchart
,
who
landed
at
Lochgarmon
and
wan
it
,
and
so
went
forward
.
Girald
.
Cam.
Vat
Hist.
Hol.
in
his
historie
of
Ireland
.
This
Robert
Fitzstephen
,
Moris
Fitzgerald
his
brother
,
and
their
nephues
Robert
Meyler
,
and
Raymond
,
with
an
armie
of
Welshmen
vnder
the
conduct
of
Richard
Strangbow
Earle
of
Strigule
,
were
the
chiefe
captains
and
dooers
in
the
conquest
of
Ireland
,
when
it
was
first
reduced
vnder
the
subiection
of
the
crowne
of
England
:
of
whom
the
Fitzgeralds
,
Fitzstephens
and
Fitzmoris
are
descended
,
of
whom
Giraldus
writeth
at
large
in
his
historie
of
Ireland
.
In
the
yeare
1169.
Meyric
ap
Adam
of
Buelht
was
murthered
in
his
bed
,
1169
by
Meredyth
Bengoch
his
coosen
germane
.
It
is
like
that
the
bones
were
laid
a
good
way
a
sunder
in
the
measuring
.
Also
this
yeare
there
were
found
the
bones
of
a
giant
cast
vp
by
the
sea
,
of
such
length
,
that
his
body
seemed
to
containe
fiftie
foote
in
height
.
At
this
time
the
king
caused
his
sonne
Henrie
to
be
crowned
king
of
England
by
the
Archbishop
of
Yorke
.
Also
this
yeare
Owen
Gwyneth
the
son
of
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
prince
of
Northwales
passed
out
of
this
world
,
after
he
had
gouerned
his
countrie
well
and
worthilie
32.
yeares
.
This
prince
was
fortunate
and
victorious
in
all
his
affaires
,
he
neuer
tooke
any
enterprise
in
hand
but
he
atchieued
it
.
He
left
behind
him
manie
children
gotten
by
diuerse
women
,
which
were
not
esteemed
by
their
mothers
and
birth
,
but
by
their
prowes
and
valiantnesse
.
First
he
had
by
Gladus
the
daughter
of
Lhywarch
ap
Trahaern
ap
Caradoc
,
Iorweth
drwyndwn
(
that
is
,
Edward
with
the
broken
nose
,
)
Conan
,
Maelgon
and
Gwenlhian
:
by
Christian
the
daughter
of
Grono
ap
Owen
ap
Edwyn
,
he
had
Dauid
,
Roderike
,
Cadwalhon
Abbot
of
Bardsey
,
and
Angharat
wife
to
Gruffyth
Maylor
:
he
had
besides
these
Conan
,
Lhewelyn
,
Meredyth
,
Edwal
,
Run
,
Howel
,
Cadelh
,
Madoc
,
Eneon
,
Cynwric
,
Philip
and
Riryd
lord
of
Clochran
in
Ireland
,
by
diuerse
women
,
of
whom
Run
,
Lhewelyn
,
and
Cynwric
died
before
their
father
:
of
the
rest
you
shall
heare
hereafter
.
Dauid
ap
Owen
.
Dauid
the
sonne
of
Owen
Gwyneth
.
This
Madoc
arriuing
in
that
Westerne
countrie
,
vnto
the
which
he
came
,
in
the
yeare
1170.
left
most
of
his
people
there
:
and
returning
backe
for
more
of
his
owne
nation
,
acquaintance
and
fréends
,
to
inhabite
that
faire
and
large
countrie
,
went
thither
againe
with
ten
sailes
,
as
I
find
noted
by
Gutyn
Owen
.
Gutyn
Owen
.
I
am
of
opinion
that
the
land
,
wherevnto
he
came
,
was
some
part
of
Mexico
:
the
causes
which
make
me
to
thinke
so
be
these
.
1
The
common
report
of
the
inhabitants
of
that
countrie
,
which
affirme
,
that
their
rulers
descended
from
a
strange
nation
,
that
came
thither
from
a
farre
countrie
:
which
thing
is
confessed
by
Mutezuma
king
of
that
countrie
,
in
his
oration
made
for
quieting
of
his
people
,
at
his
submission
to
the
king
of
Castile
,
Hernando
Curteis
being
then
present
,
which
is
laid
downe
in
the
Spanish
Chronicles
of
the
conquest
of
the
West
Indies
.
2
The
Brytish
words
and
names
of
places
,
vsed
in
that
countrie
euen
to
this
daie
,
doo
argue
the
same
:
as
when
they
talke
togither
,
Da.
Ingram
.
they
vse
this
word
Gwrando
,
which
is
,
Hearken
or
listen
.
Also
they
haue
a
certeine
bird
with
a
white
head
,
Sir
Hu.
Gilb.
discouerie
.
which
they
call
Pengwin
,
that
is
,
white
head
.
But
the
Iland
of
Corroeso
,
the
cape
of
Bryton
,
the
riuer
of
Gwyndor
,
and
the
white
rocke
of
Pengwyn
,
which
be
all
Brytish
or
Welsh
words
,
doo
manifestlie
shew
that
it
was
that
countrie
which
Madoc
and
his
people
inhabited
.
The
same
time
Elianor
the
kings
daughter
was
married
to
Alfonsus
king
of
Castil
.
Also
Richard
Strangbowe
Earle
of
Strigul
went
to
Ireland
without
the
kings
leaue
,
and
married
the
daughter
of
Dermot
king
of
Dublyn
:
wherefore
the
king
seased
all
his
lands
in
England
to
his
owne
hands
,
and
Dermot
died
shortlie
after
,
and
was
buried
at
Ferna
.
About
the
end
of
this
yeare
,
Thomas
Becket
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
was
slaine
.
The
yeare
ensuing
,
Rees
prince
of
Southwales
came
with
great
power
to
Powys
,
and
subdued
Owen
Cyuelioc
the
Lord
thereof
,
and
tooke
pledges
of
him
,
and
so
returned
home
with
much
honour
.
Then
the
king
called
his
nobles
to
consult
about
the
enterprise
of
Ireland
,
which
had
beene
before
determined
to
be
taken
in
hand
.
Girald
.
Cam.
in
Hist.
Hibera
.
To
this
consultation
came
messengers
from
Richard
Strangbowe
Earle
of
Strigule
Marshall
of
England
:
to
deliuer
to
the
kings
hands
the
citie
of
Dublyne
and
the
towne
of
Waterford
,
with
such
other
townes
as
he
had
by
the
right
of
his
wife
:
wherevpon
the
king
restored
to
him
againe
his
lands
in
England
and
Normandie
,
and
made
him
steward
of
Ireland
,
and
so
it
was
concluded
for
the
kings
going
to
Ireland
.
When
the
king
was
in
his
iournie
towards
Ireland
,
the
Lord
Rees
came
to
the
king
,
who
receiued
him
to
his
peace
,
&
confirmed
vnto
him
all
that
he
had
.
Then
Rees
promised
the
king
towards
his
conquest
of
Ireland
300.
horsses
and
400.
Oxen
,
and
gaue
him
14.
pledges
.
Then
the
king
came
to
Southwales
,
&
entring
Caerlhêon
vpon
Vske
tooke
the
towne
from
the
Lord
thereof
Iorwerth
ap
Owen
ap
Caradoc
,
keeping
the
same
to
his
owne
vse
.
Wherefore
Iorwerth
departed
from
the
king
,
and
calling
to
him
his
two
sonnes
Owen
and
Howel
,
whom
he
had
begotten
by
Angharat
the
daughter
of
Vchtryd
bishop
of
Landaff
,
and
his
sister
sonne
Morgan
ap
Sitsylt
ap
Dyfnwal
,
gathered
a
number
of
men
,
and
vpon
the
kings
departure
entred
the
countrie
,
spoiling
and
burning
as
they
went
,
and
tooke
the
towne
of
Caerlhêon
,
and
destroied
it
,
saue
the
castell
which
they
could
not
get
.
But
the
king
kept
on
his
iornie
to
Penbrooke
,
and
there
he
gaue
Rees
all
Caerdigan
,
Stratywy
,
Arustly
&
Eluel
.
Then
Rees
being
at
Aberteiui
,
which
he
had
wonne
from
the
Earle
of
Glocester
and
fortified
of
late
,
came
from
thence
to
Penbrooke
in
the
calends
of
October
,
and
spake
with
the
king
,
and
returned
againe
the
daie
after
,
and
then
chose
out
of
the
horsses
,
which
he
caused
to
be
brought
thither
for
the
king
86.
and
made
them
to
be
brought
to
Penbrooke
,
and
presented
them
to
the
king
,
who
chose
out
of
the
same
36.
of
the
best
,
and
sent
the
rest
backe
againe
with
great
thankes
.
The
same
daie
the
king
went
to
Saint
Dauid
,
and
offering
there
,
dined
with
the
bishop
Dauid
,
the
sonne
of
Gerald
,
coosen
germaine
to
Rees
;
whither
Richard
Strangbowe
Earle
of
Strigule
came
from
Ireland
to
speake
with
the
king
,
and
after
dinner
the
king
returned
to
Penbrooke
.
Within
a
while
after
,
the
king
being
at
the
white
house
,
rendered
to
Rees
Howel
his
sonne
,
who
had
beene
long
for
pledge
with
him
:
and
then
also
he
gaue
him
day
for
the
other
pledges
,
and
for
his
tribute
till
his
returne
from
Ireland
.
Girald
.
Cam.
Vat.
Historie
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
168.
The
next
daie
,
being
the
morrowe
after
the
feast
of
S.
Luke
the
Euangelist
,
the
king
tooke
shipping
there
,
and
had
faire
passage
to
Ireland
,
and
so
landed
at
Dublyne
,
where
he
laie
quietlie
that
winter
.
The
Christmasse
folowing
,
Henrie
the
yong
king
kept
a
solemne
feast
,
where
William
S.
Iohn
procurator
of
Normandie
,
and
William
Fitzhamon
Seneshall
of
Brytaine
,
and
110.
besides
,
were
made
knights
.
In
the
yeare
1172.
there
fell
a
great
plague
among
the
kings
soldiours
in
Ireland
,
1172
by
reason
of
the
change
of
the
aire
and
victuals
,
and
therefore
the
king
returned
and
landed
in
Wales
in
the
passion
weeke
,
and
remained
in
Penbrooke
on
Easter
daie
,
and
the
daie
folowing
,
and
on
tuesdaie
tooke
his
iournie
towards
England
.
Then
the
lord
Rees
met
with
him
at
Talacharn
,
to
doo
his
dutie
.
The
king
as
he
passed
from
Cardyf
by
the
new
castell
vpon
Vske
,
sent
for
Iorwerth
ap
Owen
ap
Caradoc
to
come
&
speake
with
him
,
vnder
safe
conduct
to
him
his
sons
and
freends
,
meaning
to
conclude
peace
with
him
,
and
so
to
quiet
all
Wales
.
Wherevpon
Iorwerth
tooke
his
iournie
towards
the
king
,
and
sent
word
to
Owen
his
sonne
being
a
lustie
yoong
gentleman
,
to
meete
with
him
by
the
waie
;
but
as
he
came
at
his
fathers
commandement
,
the
Earle
of
Brystowes
men
(
hearing
of
it
)
came
forth
of
the
new
castell
vpon
Vske
,
and
laid
wait
for
him
by
the
way
(
being
vnder
the
kings
safe
conduct
,
&
trusting
to
his
promise
)
and
suddenlie
set
vpon
him
,
and
murthered
him
traitorouslie
and
cowardlie
,
being
vnarmed
and
hauing
but
a
few
in
his
companie
.
Which
thing
when
his
father
heard
by
some
of
his
men
that
had
escaped
,
he
was
verie
sorie
,
and
returned
home
with
all
his
freends
,
and
his
sonne
Howel
,
and
would
neuer
afterwards
trust
neither
the
kings
promise
nor
anie
Englishmans
:
but
forthwith
gathered
all
the
power
&
freends
that
he
could
make
,
and
without
mercie
destroied
all
the
countrie
with
fire
and
sword
to
the
gates
of
Hereford
and
Glocester
,
to
auenge
the
death
of
his
son
.
Then
the
king
made
the
lord
Rees
chiefe
Iustice
of
all
Southwales
by
commission
,
and
tooke
his
iournie
to
Normandie
.
In
the
same
yeere
died
Cadwalader
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
prince
of
Northwales
;
who
had
by
his
wife
Alice
the
daughter
of
Richard
Clare
Earle
of
Glocester
,
Cunetha
,
Radulph
,
and
Richard
,
and
by
other
women
he
had
Caduan
,
Cadwalader
,
Eneon
,
Meredyth
goch
and
Cadwalhon
.
Towards
the
end
of
this
yeare
Sitsylt
ap
Dyfnwal
and
Ieuan
ap
Sitsylt
ap
Riryd
got
the
castell
of
Abergevenny
vpon
the
sudden
,
and
tooke
the
kings
garrison
prisoners
:
and
the
yeare
ensuing
was
the
fairest
winter
that
euer
was
seene
.
At
this
time
there
fell
a
variance
betwixt
the
two
kings
of
England
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
169.
the
father
and
the
sonne
,
and
there
cleaued
to
the
sonne
the
Queene
his
mother
,
and
both
his
brethren
Geffrey
and
Richard
,
and
the
Earle
of
Chester
,
and
William
Patrick
,
with
the
three
sonnes
of
the
Earle
of
Mellent
.
Camerarius
de
Tancquervilla
,
Valeran
de
Hibera
,
Gilbert
de
Regularijs
,
Simon
de
Montfort
,
This
Ralph
was
vncle
to
the
Queene
.
Radulph
de
la
Haie
,
Hugh
de
S.
Maura
,
and
the
French
king
,
with
the
Earle
of
Flanders
gaue
the
yoong
king
aid
,
who
tooke
Hugh
Lacie
,
and
Hugh
Beauchamp
in
the
castell
of
Vernoyle
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
169.
yet
the
elder
king
was
not
discouraged
,
who
had
Almanes
and
Brabanters
to
his
soldiours
.
Hol.
pag.
437
Also
Rees
prince
of
Southwales
sent
to
him
Howel
his
sonne
with
a
goodlie
companie
of
men
to
serue
him
,
and
the
king
was
verie
glad
&
sent
the
lord
Rees
great
thanks
.
King
Henrie
ouerthrew
his
enimies
diuerse
times
,
and
tooke
Radulph
de
Fulgerijs
and
the
Earle
of
Chester
prisoners
,
but
William
Patricke
and
Haftulph
de
Hilario
escaped
.
Also
the
Earle
of
Leycester
&
Hugh
de
nouo
Castello
(
as
they
began
a
stirre
in
England
)
were
taken
at
Burie
by
the
elder
kings
soldiours
▪
and
committed
to
prison
.
In
this
meane
time
Iorwerth
ap
Owen
brought
his
power
against
Caerlhêon
,
and
they
of
the
towne
fought
with
him
,
whome
he
ouerthrew
,
and
tooke
manie
prisoners
of
them
,
and
wan
the
towne
,
and
laid
siege
to
the
castell
,
which
was
yeelded
him
forthwith
in
exchange
for
his
prisoners
.
Then
also
his
sonne
Howel
brought
all
Gwentîs
Coet
(
the
castell
onelie
excepted
)
to
his
subiection
,
and
tooke
pledges
of
the
inhabitants
of
the
countrie
.
Also
at
this
time
Dauid
ap
Owen
Gwyneth
prince
of
Northwales
made
warre
against
his
brother
Maelgon
,
which
kept
the
Ile
of
Môn
or
Anglesey
,
&
brought
his
people
ouer
Mênai
,
(
for
so
that
arme
of
the
sea
is
called
which
separateth
that
I
le
from
the
maine
land
)
and
chasing
his
brother
out
of
the
Ile
to
Ireland
,
brought
all
the
Ile
to
his
subiection
.
Also
he
expelled
all
his
brethren
and
coosens
out
of
Northwales
,
and
tooke
all
their
lands
to
himselfe
,
and
taking
his
brother
Maelgon
as
he
came
from
Ireland
,
kept
him
in
close
prison
:
then
Conan
his
brother
died
.
1175
In
the
yeare
1175.
Howel
the
sonne
of
Iorwerth
ap
Owen
of
Caerlhêon
tooke
his
vncle
Owen
Pencarn
prisoner
,
&
putting
out
his
eies
gelded
him
,
least
he
should
beget
children
which
should
inherit
Caerlhêon
and
Gwent
.
But
God
prouided
a
punishment
for
him
,
for
vpon
the
saturdaie
folowing
there
came
a
great
armie
of
Normanes
and
Englishmen
before
the
towne
,
and
wan
it
,
with
the
castell
;
manger
Howel
and
his
father
,
who
was
not
priuie
to
his
sonnes
lewd
deed
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
174.
Also
this
yeare
the
elder
king
came
to
England
:
then
William
king
of
Scots
,
and
Roger
de
Mobbray
were
taken
prisoners
at
Alnewike
by
the
Barons
of
the
North
,
Fabian
,
par.
7.
cap.
238.
as
they
came
to
destroie
England
in
the
quarell
of
the
yoong
king
:
therefore
the
elder
king
put
them
in
safe
keeping
with
the
Earle
of
Leycester
,
receiuing
Hugh
Bygod
Erle
of
Northfolke
to
his
peace
,
and
so
returned
to
Normandie
with
a
great
armie
of
Welshmen
,
H●l
.
pag.
437.
which
were
sent
him
from
Dauid
prince
of
Northwales
,
to
whome
the
king
gaue
his
sister
Emme
in
mariage
:
then
the
king
sent
the
Welshmen
ouer
the
riuer
of
Sene
,
to
cut
away
the
victuall
which
came
to
his
enimies
campe
:
wherfore
the
French
king
came
to
a
parlee
,
and
shortlie
they
concluded
a
peace
,
so
that
all
the
brethren
desired
the
father
forgiuenes
.
Also
at
this
time
Dauid
prince
of
Northwales
(
being
bold
of
the
kings
affinitie
)
did
imprison
his
owne
brother
Roderike
in
boltes
,
bicause
he
desired
part
of
his
fathers
lands
.
In
the
yeare
folowing
,
both
the
kings
came
to
England
,
and
the
Scottish
king
was
set
at
libertie
,
who
became
liegeman
vnto
king
Henrie
,
and
sware
fealtie
to
him
with
all
the
lords
of
Scotland
spirituall
and
temporall
,
and
deliuered
the
king
the
towns
of
Rocksburgh
and
Berwicke
,
and
the
castell
of
Maydens
.
Hol.
pag.
440.
Shortlie
after
died
Reginald
Earle
of
Cornwall
base
sonne
to
king
Henrie
the
first
,
The
Herolds
books
saie
that
he
died
without
issue
.
and
the
king
seased
his
lands
in
England
,
Wales
and
Normandie
to
himselfe
,
for
Iohn
his
yoongest
sonne
,
saue
a
small
portion
which
he
left
to
his
daughter
.
Also
about
the
same
time
died
Ralph
Earle
of
Kyme
,
and
Philip
his
sonne
was
created
in
his
steed
.
Shortlie
after
there
died
also
William
Erle
of
Arundell
at
Wauerley
,
and
was
buried
at
Wyndham
,
whereof
he
was
patrone
.
This
yeare
also
Rees
prince
of
Southwales
came
to
the
kings
court
at
Glocester
,
and
brought
with
him
such
lords
of
Southwales
as
had
offended
the
king
,
to
doo
him
homage
,
which
pleased
the
king
wonderfullie
,
whose
names
were
these
;
Cadwalhon
ap
Madoc
of
Melyenyth
,
Reeses
coosen
germane
,
Eneon
Clyt
of
Eluel
,
Eneon
ap
Rees
of
Werthrynion
,
which
two
had
married
two
of
his
daughters
,
G●rul
.
Camb.
Morgan
ap
Caradoc
ap
Iestyn
of
Glamorgan
,
Gruffyth
ap
Iuor
ap
Meyric
of
Senghennyth
,
Sitsylt
ap
Dyfnwal
of
higher
Gwent
,
which
three
had
maried
his
sisters
:
and
Iorwerth
ap
Owen
of
Caerlhêon
,
whom
the
king
receiued
all
to
his
peace
,
and
restored
to
Iorwerth
ap
Owen
Caerlhéon
againe
:
and
so
they
returned
home
with
great
ioy
.
1176
But
shortlie
after
William
de
Bruse
lord
of
Brechnock
desired
Sitsylt
ap
Dyfnwal
,
Hol.
pag.
439.
Geffrey
his
sonne
,
and
a
great
number
of
the
worshipfullest
men
of
Gwent
land
to
a
feast
at
the
castell
of
Abergeuenny
(
which
he
had
receiued
of
them
by
composition
)
and
they
mistrusting
no
harme
came
thither
;
but
he
like
a
traitor
and
murtherer
had
a
great
number
of
armed
men
within
the
castell
,
which
fell
vpon
this
lord
and
the
rest
,
and
without
mercie
slew
them
all
,
and
forthwith
went
to
Sitsylts
house
(
being
not
farre
thence
)
and
tooke
his
wife
,
and
slew
Cadwalader
his
sonne
before
his
mothers
face
,
and
destroied
the
house
,
and
this
was
a
lamentable
daie
to
all
the
land
of
Gwent
,
and
a
lesson
for
all
men
to
take
heed
of
their
enimies
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
176.
This
William
lord
Bruse
hauing
the
Welshmen
within
his
castell
of
Abergeuenny
,
to
séeke
a
quarell
propounded
vnto
them
certaine
articles
,
to
be
by
them
kept
and
performed
:
and
among
other
things
,
that
none
of
them
should
at
anie
time
carie
about
them
in
their
iournies
,
either
bow
or
sword
:
for
the
obseruing
of
the
which
he
would
haue
had
them
to
be
sworne
,
which
they
refused
to
doo
:
wherevpon
he
falling
out
with
them
,
called
his
men
which
were
readie
for
that
purpose
and
caused
them
all
thus
to
be
murthered
:
and
when
that
déed
was
doone
(
to
cloake
his
treason
with
some
reasonable
excuse
)
he
caused
it
to
be
reported
abroad
,
that
this
he
did
in
reuenge
of
the
death
of
his
vncle
Henrie
de
Hereford
,
whom
they
on
Easter
euen
before
had
slaine
.
In
Northwales
Roderike
brake
his
brothers
prison
,
and
escaping
came
to
Anglesey
,
where
all
the
countrie
receiued
him
for
their
lord
,
bicause
they
abhorred
the
ingratitude
of
the
prince
,
who
vnnaturallie
disinherited
all
his
brethren
&
coosens
,
vpon
boldnes
of
his
brother
in
law
the
king
.
This
Roderike
also
was
receiued
as
lord
and
prince
in
all
the
countrie
aboue
the
riuer
of
Conwey
.
Then
prince
Dauid
fled
ouer
Conwey
,
and
there
remained
for
a
time
.
This
yere
died
Cadelh
the
son
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
and
brother
to
the
lord
Rees
,
after
long
sicknesse
,
and
was
buried
honorablie
at
Stratflur
.
The
next
yeare
died
Dauid
Fitzgerald
bishop
of
Meneuia
,
and
Piers
was
installed
bishop
in
his
place
.
This
yeare
the
lord
Rees
prince
of
Southwales
made
a
great
feast
at
Christmas
in
the
castell
of
Aberteiui
,
A
feast
.
which
feast
he
caused
to
be
proclaimed
through
all
Brytaine
long
before
,
and
thither
came
manie
strangers
,
which
were
honorablie
receiued
and
worthilie
intertained
,
so
that
no
man
departed
discontented
.
And
among
deeds
of
armes
and
other
shewes
,
Rees
caused
all
the
poetes
of
Wales
,
(
which
are
makers
of
songs
&
recorders
of
gentlemens
petegrees
&
armes
,
of
whome
euerie
one
is
intituled
by
the
name
of
Bardh
,
in
Latine
Bardus
)
to
come
thither
,
&
prouided
chaires
for
them
to
be
set
in
his
hall
,
where
they
should
dispute
togither
,
to
trie
their
cunning
and
gift
in
their
faculties
,
where
great
rewards
&
rich
gifts
were
appointed
for
the
ouercomers
;
amongst
whome
they
of
Northwales
wan
the
price
,
and
among
the
Musicians
Reeses
owne
houshold
men
were
counted
best
.
Shortlie
after
,
Eneon
Clyt
and
Morgan
ap
Meredyth
were
both
slaine
by
treason
of
the
Normanes
which
inhabited
the
marshes
.
At
this
time
the
lord
Rees
did
build
the
castell
of
Rayder
Gwy
,
Casteth
Rayder
Gwy
.
that
is
to
saie
,
The
fall
of
Wye
:
for
the
riuer
Wye
falleth
there
ouer
a
great
and
a
high
rocke
.
At
that
time
the
sonnes
of
Conan
ap
Owen
Gwyneth
made
warre
against
him
.
1179
Then
also
Cadwalhon
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
186.
Hol.
pag.
453.
brother
vnto
Owen
Gwyneth
,
and
vncle
to
Dauid
and
Roderike
,
who
had
fled
to
the
king
for
succour
,
as
he
was
conueied
home
by
the
kings
men
,
to
enioy
his
patrimonie
,
was
cruellie
murthered
by
the
waie
,
and
found
those
whom
he
hoped
to
be
his
helpe
and
freends
,
to
be
in
deed
traitors
and
butchers
.
And
about
this
time
,
Ione
the
daughter
of
king
Henrie
the
elder
was
married
to
William
king
of
Sicile
.
Matt.
Paris
,
page
.
222.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
66.
Io.
Cast.
Ran.
Cest.
lib.
7.
cap.
27.
This
yeare
the
bones
of
noble
king
Arthur
and
Gwenhouar
his
wife
were
found
in
the
Ile
of
Aualon
,
(
that
is
to
saie
,
the
Ile
of
Aples
)
without
the
Abbie
of
Glastenburie
,
fifteene
foote
within
the
earth
,
in
a
holow
elder
tree
,
and
ouer
the
bones
was
a
stone
and
a
crosse
of
lead
,
All
the
writers
here
alledged
,
doo
affirme
this
to
haue
beene
about
ten
yeares
after
this
time
.
with
a
writing
turned
towards
the
stone
,
wherein
were
ingrauen
these
words
.
Híc
iacet
sepultus
inclytus
rex
Artburus
in
insula
Aualonia
.
The
bones
were
of
maruelous
bignes
,
and
in
the
scull
were
ten
wounds
,
of
which
one
was
great
,
and
seemed
to
be
his
deaths
wound
:
the
Queenes
haire
was
to
the
sight
faire
and
yellowe
,
but
assoone
as
it
was
touched
it
fell
to
ashes
.
This
graue
was
found
by
meanes
of
a
Bardh
or
Poet
,
whom
the
king
heard
at
Penbrooke
declare
in
a
song
the
worthie
actes
of
that
noble
prince
,
and
the
place
of
his
buriall
.
H.
Lhoyd
.
Therefore
let
William
Paruus
and
Polydore
Virgil
,
with
their
complices
,
stoppe
their
lieng
mouthes
,
and
desist
to
obscure
and
darken
the
glistering
fame
&
noble
renowme
of
so
inuincible
and
victorious
a
prince
,
with
the
enuious
detraction
and
malicious
slaunder
of
their
reprochfull
and
venomous
toongs
,
thinking
that
they
may
couer
with
the
cloud
of
obliuion
,
and
burie
in
the
pit
of
darkenesse
those
noble
acts
and
princelie
deeds
by
their
wilfull
ignorance
and
dogged
enuie
,
whereof
the
trumpet
of
fame
hath
sounded
,
not
onelie
in
Brytaine
,
but
also
through
out
all
Europe
.
But
remitting
the
discouering
and
blazing
of
their
cankered
minds
towards
the
honour
and
fame
of
the
Brytaines
,
to
such
as
can
better
paint
them
in
their
colours
,
I
will
returne
to
my
matter
.
King
Henrie
the
elder
forsooke
his
wife
for
certeine
considerations
,
and
kept
hir
in
prison
manie
yeres
.
Girald
.
Cam.
Hol.
pag.
456
And
about
this
time
,
Ranulph
de
Poer
with
a
great
number
of
Gentlemen
,
was
slaine
by
certeine
yoong
men
of
Gwent
land
,
in
reuenge
of
their
lords
death
.
Girald
.
Cam.
This
Ranulph
de
Poer
,
was
Shirife
of
Glocestershire
,
or
(
as
Giraldus
noteth
)
of
Herefordshire
,
whose
death
the
same
author
séemeth
to
impute
vnto
himselfe
for
his
cruell
and
vnreasonable
dealing
against
the
Welshmen
.
Hol.
pa.
460.
But
the
king
tooke
the
same
verie
gréeuouslie
,
who
being
sore
incensed
against
them
,
assembled
a
mightie
armie
,
and
came
with
the
same
vnto
Worcester
,
meaning
to
inuade
the
enimies
countries
.
But
the
Lord
Rees
ap
Gruffyth
,
fearing
the
kings
puissance
thus
bent
against
him
and
his
countrimen
,
came
by
safe
conduct
vnto
Worcester
,
where
submitting
himselfe
,
he
sware
fealtie
to
the
king
,
and
became
his
liegeman
,
promising
to
bring
his
sonne
and
nephues
vnto
him
for
pledges
.
But
when
according
to
his
promise
he
would
haue
brought
them
,
they
(
remembring
how
the
other
pledges
before
were
vsed
)
refused
to
go
with
him
,
and
so
the
matter
rested
for
that
time
.
1183
And
the
yeare
1183.
Henrie
duke
of
Saxonie
being
banished
his
countrie
,
came
to
king
Henrie
his
father
in
law
to
Normandie
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
189.
Also
this
yeare
Henrie
the
yoong
king
died
,
and
was
buried
at
Roane
.
1184
The
yeare
ensuing
,
the
duke
of
Saxonie
came
into
England
,
and
his
wife
was
brought
to
bed
of
a
sonne
which
was
named
William
.
About
this
time
William
de
Mandeuile
Earle
of
Essex
went
to
Flanders
with
an
armie
to
succour
the
Earle
,
against
the
Earle
of
Henald
or
Henagow
.
Shortlie
after
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
192.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
58.
Hol.
pag.
462.
Iohn
the
kings
yoongest
sonne
was
dubbed
knight
,
and
tooke
his
iournie
to
Ireland
.
At
which
time
Hugh
de
Lacie
lord
of
Meth
was
slaine
by
a
sickman
.
Then
Iohn
returned
home
from
Ireland
at
Christmas
next
folowing
.
Also
Howel
ap
Ieuaf
lord
of
Arustly
died
,
&
was
buried
at
Stratflur
.
And
the
yeare
1186.
1186
died
Geffrey
duke
of
Brytaine
,
the
kings
third
son
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
192.
leauing
behind
him
a
daughter
and
his
wife
great
with
child
of
a
sonne
,
which
afterward
was
named
Arthur
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
,
192.
At
this
time
Mawd
the
Empresse
died
,
which
was
daughter
to
king
Henrie
the
first
,
wife
to
Henrie
the
fourth
Emperour
of
Almaine
;
then
to
Geffrey
Plantagenet
Earle
of
Aniow
,
and
mother
to
the
most
noble
king
Henrie
the
second
:
vpon
whose
toombe
this
Epitaph
was
written
.
Ortu
magna
,
viro
maior
,
sed
maxima
partu
,
Hîc
iacet
Henricifilia
,
sponsa
,
parens
.
Also
this
time
Cadwalader
sonne
to
the
Lord
Rees
was
slaine
priuilie
in
Westwales
,
and
buried
in
the
Tuy
Gwynn
.
The
next
yeare
Owen
Vachan
the
sonne
of
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
was
slaine
in
the
castell
of
Carrecgona
hard
by
Oswaldstree
in
the
night
time
,
by
Gwenwynwyn
and
Cadwalhon
the
sonnes
of
Owen
Cyuelioc
:
and
shortlie
after
Lhewelyn
sonne
to
Cadwalhon
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
,
who
was
murthered
by
the
Englishmen
,
was
taken
by
his
owne
brethren
,
and
had
his
eies
put
out
.
1187
About
the
yeare
1187.
Baldwine
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
hauing
in
his
companie
Giraldus
Cambrensis
Archdeacon
of
Brechnock
,
Ran.
Cest.
lib.
7.
cap.
24.
visited
Wales
,
being
the
first
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
that
euer
visited
that
countrie
:
whom
the
Clergie
of
Wales
began
to
resist
,
Giral
.
Camb.
in
Itin.
Cam.
alledging
the
liberties
and
priuileges
of
their
Metropoliticall
Church
of
S.
Dauids
,
but
they
preuailed
not
.
In
this
visitation
(
which
is
described
in
writing
by
the
said
Giraldus
in
his
booke
which
he
calleth
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
or
Itinerarium
Cambriae
)
he
procured
and
exhorted
as
manie
as
euer
he
could
to
take
the
crosse
and
to
vow
the
viage
against
the
Saracens
:
wherevnto
he
persuaded
manie
of
the
nobles
of
Wales
,
as
appeareth
by
the
said
Giraldus
.
Also
this
yeare
Maelgon
sonne
to
the
lord
Rees
brought
his
power
against
Tenbye
,
1188
and
by
plaine
force
wan
the
towne
,
and
spoiling
the
same
burned
it
to
ashes
.
This
lord
was
faire
and
comelie
of
person
,
honest
and
iust
of
conditions
;
beloued
of
his
freends
,
and
feared
of
his
foes
,
against
whom
(
especiallie
the
Flemings
)
he
atchieued
diuerse
victories
.
In
the
yeare
1189.
1189
Henrie
the
second
surnamed
Curtmantel
king
of
all
Brytaine
,
duke
of
Gascoine
Gwyen
and
Normandie
,
passed
out
of
this
transitorie
life
,
and
was
buried
at
Fonteuerard
,
&
after
him
Richard
his
sonne
was
crowned
in
his
place
,
who
receiued
homage
of
William
king
of
Scots
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
208.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
63.
and
deliuered
him
againe
the
castell
of
Maydens
or
Edenburgh
,
Roksburgh
and
Berwicke
,
which
king
Henrie
had
long
kept
.
Also
this
yeare
,
the
lord
Rees
gathered
all
his
strength
,
and
wan
the
castels
of
Seynclere
,
Abercorran
,
and
Lhanstephan
,
and
brought
all
the
whole
countrie
to
his
subiection
,
taking
Maelgon
his
sonne
,
in
whom
remained
all
the
hope
of
Southwales
,
whome
he
kept
in
prison
.
In
the
yeare
folowing
,
Rees
did
build
the
castell
of
Cydwely
,
and
Gwenlhian
his
daughter
died
,
the
fairest
and
goodliest
woman
in
all
Wales
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
,
208.
About
this
time
king
Richard
made
the
bishop
of
Durham
Earle
of
Northumberland
for
a
1000.
pound
,
and
afterward
he
said
in
iest
that
he
had
made
a
yoong
Erle
of
an
old
bishop
.
Shortlie
after
king
Richard
tooke
his
iournie
to
the
holie
land
to
make
against
the
enimies
of
Christes
faith
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
210.
Matt.
West
.
pag.
65.
Then
the
bishop
of
Elie
the
kings
Chanceler
and
Uicegerent
made
a
great
ditch
about
the
towne
of
London
.
At
this
time
Gruffyth
Maylor
lord
of
Bromfield
a
noble
man
and
a
wise
,
and
one
that
in
liberalitie
passed
all
the
lords
and
noble
men
of
his
time
,
died
and
was
buried
at
Myuot
;
he
had
by
his
wife
Angharat
the
daughter
of
Owen
Gwyneth
prince
of
Northwales
,
a
sonne
called
Madoc
,
who
succeeded
his
father
in
that
part
of
Powys
called
Powys
Vadoc
.
About
the
same
time
diuerse
noble
men
of
England
died
at
Acon
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
217.
as
Henrie
Earle
of
Leycester
,
the
Earle
Ferrers
,
Ranulph
de
Fulgerijs
,
Ranulph
de
Alta
ripa
.
In
those
daies
William
Marshall
,
Geffrey
Fitzpeter
,
Hugh
Bardulf
and
William
Briwer
,
were
the
nobles
that
bare
most
rule
in
England
in
the
kings
absence
.
Then
also
Rees
prince
of
Southwales
wan
the
castell
of
Dynevowr
,
and
Owen
his
sonne
died
at
Strata
florida
or
Stratflur
.
About
this
time
king
Richard
wan
the
kingdome
of
Cypres
,
and
gaue
it
to
Gwido
king
of
Ierusalem
,
vpon
condition
that
he
should
release
to
Richard
his
claime
of
Ierusalem
,
which
he
did
.
Then
the
king
being
at
Cyprus
maried
Berengaria
the
daughter
of
the
king
of
Nauarra
.
Shortlie
after
Maelgon
the
sonne
of
the
lord
Rees
escaped
out
of
prison
,
where
his
father
had
kept
him
a
long
time
.
But
the
lord
Rees
gat
the
castell
of
Lhanhayaden
and
the
countrie
about
.
At
that
time
Gruffyth
ap
Cadogan
died
.
Then
king
Richard
,
after
he
had
atchieued
(
with
his
nobles
,
the
Earle
of
Leycester
,
Bartholomew
Mortimer
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
231.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
66.
Randulph
de
Malo
leone
,
N.
de
Furnevale
,
Roger
de
Lacy
,
William
de
Stagno
,
Hugh
de
Neuella
,
William
de
Porcell
,
and
Henrie
Duch
his
standardbearer
)
manie
worthie
deeds
of
arms
against
the
infidels
,
in
his
returne
homeward
through
Austrich
was
taken
prisoner
by
Lupold
the
duke
thereof
,
Or
sold
him
rather
.
who
presented
him
to
Henrie
the
Emperour
,
&
he
kept
him
vntill
he
had
paid
him
200000.
markes
for
his
ransome
,
laieng
to
his
charge
that
he
had
spoiled
the
Ile
of
Sicilie
in
his
viage
towards
the
holie
land
.
The
same
yeare
Roderike
the
sonne
of
Owen
Gwyneth
by
the
help
of
Gothrike
king
of
Man
,
entred
the
Ile
of
Môn
,
and
brought
it
to
his
subiection
:
but
before
the
end
of
the
yeare
the
sonnes
of
his
brother
Conan
chased
him
out
of
the
Ile
,
and
got
it
themselues
.
At
this
time
Maelgon
the
sonne
of
Rees
prince
of
Southwales
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Stratmeyric
,
and
wanne
it
.
Also
Howel
(
surnamed
Says
,
that
is
to
saie
,
Saxon
or
English
,
because
he
had
serued
in
England
)
sonne
to
the
said
prince
Rees
gat
the
castell
of
Gwys
vpon
the
sudden
,
&
tooke
Philip
de
Gwys
,
his
wife
,
&
his
two
sonnes
prisoners
therein
.
Then
because
he
had
more
castels
than
he
could
well
defend
,
he
determined
to
rase
the
castell
of
Lhanhayaden
:
but
the
Flemings
hauing
vnderstanding
thereof
,
gathered
all
their
strength
,
and
came
thither
the
daie
appointed
to
rase
the
castell
,
and
set
fierslie
vpon
the
men
of
Howel
and
Maelgon
,
and
slewe
manie
of
them
,
putting
the
rest
to
flight
.
Neuerthelesse
,
they
gathered
a
great
power
shortlie
after
,
and
came
thither
againe
,
and
rased
the
castell
to
the
ground
,
without
anie
let
or
staie
.
Upon
this
,
Anarawd
the
sonne
also
of
prince
Rees
(
moued
with
filthie
ambition
and
couetousnesse
of
lands
)
tooke
his
two
brethren
Howel
and
Madoc
prisoners
(
vnder
the
color
of
freendship
)
and
put
out
both
their
eies
.
1194
In
the
yeare
1194.
king
Richard
came
into
England
,
and
being
at
dinner
in
his
litle
hall
of
Westminster
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
236.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
69.
hearing
that
the
French
king
besieged
Vernoyle
,
he
sware
that
he
would
neuer
turne
his
face
till
he
had
fought
with
him
,
if
he
did
abide
,
&
caused
the
wall
to
be
broken
before
him
,
and
so
passed
to
Normandie
,
and
receiuing
his
brother
Iohn
to
mercie
raised
the
siege
:
for
the
French
king
fled
as
soone
as
he
heard
of
king
Richards
comming
.
This
yeare
Maelgon
sonne
to
prince
Rees
gaue
his
brother
Anarawd
the
castell
of
Stratmeyric
for
his
prisoners
,
whom
he
set
at
libertie
.
Then
Rees
himselfe
did
reedifie
againe
the
castell
of
Rayader
Gwy
:
and
his
owne
sonnes
laid
wait
for
him
,
and
tooke
their
father
prisoner
,
fearing
least
he
would
reuenge
their
cruell
and
vnnaturall
deeds
:
but
by
the
meanes
of
Howel
his
sonne
which
was
blind
,
he
escaped
out
of
his
sonne
Maelgons
prison
,
and
tooke
the
castell
of
Dineuwor
which
Maelgon
kept
,
and
destroied
it
.
Also
the
sonnes
of
Cadwalhon
ap
Madoc
of
Melyenyth
wan
the
castell
of
Rayder
Gwy
,
and
fortified
it
for
themselues
.
At
this
time
Lhewelyn
the
son
of
Iorwerth
Drwyndwn
,
who
was
the
eldest
sonne
of
Owen
Gwyneth
prince
of
Northwales
,
remembring
his
right
&
title
to
his
inheritance
of
Northwales
(
although
his
father
had
beene
disinherited
by
his
brother
Dauid
)
called
togither
his
freends
by
his
mother
(
which
was
Marred
the
daughter
of
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
prince
of
Powys
)
and
also
drew
to
his
side
his
coosins
the
sons
of
Conan
ap
Owen
Gwyneth
,
and
so
challenged
the
rule
of
Northwales
,
and
entred
the
countrie
,
to
whom
the
people
willinglie
yeelded
,
and
tooke
him
for
their
lord
:
and
so
without
bloodshed
he
receiued
all
Northwales
to
his
subiection
,
except
three
castels
which
his
vncle
Dauid
kept
by
force
of
Englishmen
,
in
whom
was
all
his
trust
,
because
of
his
wife
Emme
aunt
to
the
king
of
England
.
And
thus
Dauid
lost
his
land
,
and
Lhewelyn
began
to
rule
,
in
the
yeare
of
our
Lord
,
1194.
1194
Lhewelyn
ap
Iorwerth
.
Lhewelyn
the
sonne
of
Iorwerth
,
the
sonne
of
Owen
Gwyneth
,
called
Leolinus
Magnus
.
The
yeare
ensuing
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
237.
Matth.
West
.
page
.
69.
there
was
a
combat
appointed
betwixt
the
French
king
with
fiue
knights
with
him
,
and
king
Richard
with
fiue
other
,
which
should
end
all
controuersies
:
of
which
fight
king
Richard
was
glad
,
but
the
French
king
like
a
snaile
drew
in
his
hornes
and
forsooke
the
battell
.
And
in
Wales
prince
Rees
gathered
a
great
armie
,
and
laid
siege
to
the
towne
and
castell
of
Caermarthin
,
and
in
short
time
wanne
them
both
,
spoiling
and
destroieng
the
same
,
and
then
returned
with
great
bootie
.
Then
he
lead
his
said
armie
to
the
marches
before
the
castell
of
Clun
,
which
after
a
long
siege
,
and
manie
a
fierse
assault
,
he
got
and
burned
it
,
and
from
thence
he
went
to
the
castell
of
Radnor
,
and
likewise
wanne
it
;
to
the
defense
whereof
came
Roger
Mortimer
and
Hugh
de
Saye
,
with
a
great
armie
of
Normanes
and
Englishmen
well
armed
and
tried
soldiours
.
Then
Rees
,
which
had
wonne
the
castell
,
determined
not
to
keepe
his
men
within
the
walles
,
but
boldlie
like
a
worthie
prince
,
came
into
the
plaine
besides
the
towne
,
and
gaue
them
battell
,
where
his
men
(
although
for
the
most
part
vnarmed
,
and
not
accustomed
to
the
battell
)
declared
that
they
came
of
Brytaines
bloud
(
whose
title
the
noble
Romane
Emperours
did
so
much
desire
,
as
a
token
of
manhood
and
worthines
)
choosing
rather
to
die
with
honour
in
the
defense
of
their
countrie
,
than
to
liue
with
shame
,
did
so
worthilie
behaue
themselues
,
that
their
enimies
forsooke
the
field
,
with
great
losse
of
their
men
,
whom
Rees
pursued
till
the
benefit
of
the
night
shadowed
them
with
hir
darknes
,
and
forthwith
he
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Payne
in
Eluel
,
&
gat
it
.
Thither
came
William
de
Bruse
the
owner
thereof
,
and
made
peace
with
Rees
,
of
whom
he
receiued
the
same
castell
againe
.
Ger.
●or
.
Not
long
after
,
the
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
(
whom
king
Richard
had
substituted
his
lieutenant
in
England
)
came
with
an
huge
power
towardes
Wales
,
and
laied
siege
to
the
castell
of
Gwenwynwyn
,
Matt.
Park
.
page
,
138.
at
the
poole
;
but
the
garrison
defended
the
hold
so
manfullie
,
that
he
lost
manie
of
his
men
,
and
could
doo
no
good
.
Therefore
he
sent
for
miners
,
and
set
them
on
worke
to
vndermine
the
wals
;
which
thing
when
the
garrison
vnderstood
,
and
knowing
that
their
enimes
were
three
to
one
,
they
were
content
to
yeeld
vp
the
castell
,
vpon
condition
that
they
might
depart
with
their
armour
freelie
:
which
offer
the
Archbishop
tooke
,
suffering
them
to
passe
quietlie
,
and
fortifieng
the
castell
againe
stronglie
to
the
kings
vse
,
and
placing
therein
a
garrison
for
the
defense
thereof
,
returned
to
England
.
But
immediatlie
Wenwynwyn
or
Gwenwynwyn
laid
siege
to
it
againe
,
and
shortlie
after
receiued
it
vpon
the
same
conditions
that
his
men
had
giuen
it
vp
,
and
kept
the
same
to
his
owne
vse
.
The
next
yeare
after
there
was
a
great
and
a
terrible
plague
through
all
the
Ile
of
Brytaine
and
France
,
of
the
which
died
a
great
number
of
nobles
,
beside
the
common
people
.
And
the
same
yeare
the
fourth
daie
of
Maie
,
Hol.
pag.
534.
Rees
the
sonne
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
ap
Theodor
prince
of
Southwales
died
,
the
onelie
anchor
,
hope
and
staie
of
all
that
part
of
Wales
,
as
he
that
brought
them
out
of
thraldome
and
bondage
of
strangers
,
&
set
them
at
libertie
,
and
had
defended
them
diuerse
times
in
the
field
manfullie
,
daunting
the
pride
and
courage
of
their
cruell
enimies
,
whom
he
did
either
chase
out
of
the
land
,
or
compelled
by
force
to
liue
quietlie
at
home
.
Marwnad
.
Wo
to
that
cruell
destinie
that
spoiled
the
miserable
land
of
hir
defense
and
shield
,
who
as
he
descended
of
noble
and
princelie
blood
,
so
he
passed
all
other
in
commendable
qualities
and
laudable
vertues
of
the
mind
;
he
was
the
ouerthrower
of
the
mightie
,
and
setter
vp
of
the
weake
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
poetica
.
Ran
Cest.
lib.
7.
cap.
31.
the
ouerturner
of
the
holdes
,
the
separator
of
troopes
,
the
scatterer
of
his
foes
,
among
whome
he
appeared
as
a
wild
boare
among
whelps
,
or
a
lion
that
for
anger
beateth
his
taile
to
the
ground
.
In
praise
of
this
prince
there
is
a
long
discourse
in
the
Brytish
booke
after
the
maner
of
the
Welsh
poets
,
whose
worthie
commendation
is
laid
downe
at
large
by
Ranulph
Monke
of
Chester
in
the
seuenth
booke
of
his
Historie
intituled
Polychronicon
the
31.
chap.
and
Grafton
in
the
life
of
Richard
the
first
,
Ri.
Grafton
,
in
his
chronicles
of
England
.
pag.
92.
This
prince
had
manie
sonnes
and
daughters
,
as
Gruffyth
who
succeeded
his
father
,
Cadwalhon
,
Maelgon
,
Meredyth
and
Rees
;
and
of
the
daughters
one
called
Gwenlhian
was
married
to
Ednyuet
Vachan
,
who
was
ancester
to
Owen
Theodor
or
Tuder
that
maried
Queene
Catharine
the
widow
of
king
Henrie
the
fift
,
and
the
rest
were
maried
to
other
lords
in
the
countrie
.
After
the
death
of
Rees
,
Gruffyth
his
sonne
subdued
all
the
countrie
to
himselfe
,
and
enioied
it
in
peace
,
vntill
Maelgon
his
brother
(
whom
his
father
had
disinherited
)
made
a
league
with
Gwenwynwyn
the
sonne
of
Owen
Cyuelioc
lord
of
Powys
,
who
both
togither
leuied
a
number
of
men
,
&
came
suddenlie
vpon
Gruffyth
at
Aberystwyth
,
and
slaieng
a
great
number
of
his
men
tooke
him
prisoner
,
and
so
recouered
all
the
countrie
of
Caerdigan
,
with
the
castell
.
Thus
Maelgon
hauing
taken
his
brother
sent
him
to
be
imprisoned
with
Gwenwynwyn
,
who
in
despite
deliuered
him
to
the
Englishmen
.
Then
Gwenwynwyn
gathering
a
power
,
entred
Arustly
,
and
subdued
the
same
to
himselfe
.
Also
about
that
time
there
was
great
warre
in
Northwales
,
for
Dauid
ap
Owen
of
late
prince
,
came
with
a
great
armie
aswell
Englishmen
as
Welshmen
,
purposing
to
recouer
the
land
againe
;
but
Lhewelyn
his
nephue
,
who
was
the
right
inheritor
of
the
same
,
and
then
in
possession
thereof
,
came
boldlie
and
met
him
,
and
gaue
him
battell
,
and
putting
his
people
to
flight
tooke
him
prisoner
and
kept
him
in
safetie
,
and
afterward
enioied
the
countrie
quietlie
.
Toward
the
end
of
this
yeare
,
Owen
Cyuelioc
lord
of
the
higher
Powys
died
,
and
left
his
land
to
Gwenwynwyn
his
sonne
,
after
whom
that
part
of
Powys
was
called
Powys
Wenwynwyn
,
for
a
difference
from
the
other
called
Powys
Vadoc
,
being
the
possession
of
the
lords
of
Bromefield
.
At
this
time
also
died
Owen
the
son
of
Gruffyth
Maylor
lord
of
Bromfield
,
and
Brychtyr
the
sonne
of
Howel
ap
Ieuaf
,
likewise
Maelgon
the
sonne
of
Cadwalhon
ap
Madoc
lord
of
Melienyth
.
About
the
same
time
Trahaem
Vachan
(
a
man
of
great
power
in
the
countrie
of
Brechnock
)
as
he
came
to
Lancors
to
speake
with
William
Bruse
lord
thereof
,
was
suddenlie
taken
,
and
(
by
the
lords
commandement
)
tied
to
a
horse
taile
,
and
drawen
through
the
towne
of
Aberhodny
or
Brechnock
,
to
the
galowes
,
and
there
beheaded
,
and
his
bodie
hanged
vp
by
the
feete
three
daies
.
This
crueltie
shewed
vpon
no
iust
cause
,
made
his
brother
his
wife
and
his
children
to
flee
the
land
.
The
yeare
ensuing
Maelgon
the
sonne
of
prince
Rees
,
after
he
had
imprisoned
his
elder
brother
,
got
his
castels
of
Aberteiui
and
Stratmeyric
:
also
the
youngest
son
of
prince
Rees
wan
the
castell
of
Dyneuowr
from
the
Normanes
.
The
summer
folowing
Gwenwynwyn
intending
to
extend
the
limits
of
Wales
to
their
old
meers
,
1198
gathered
a
great
armie
,
&
laid
siege
first
to
the
castell
of
Payn
in
Eluel
,
which
was
of
the
possessions
of
William
de
Bruse
:
making
a
proclamation
that
assoone
as
he
had
won
the
castell
,
he
would
burne
all
the
whole
countrie
to
Seauerne
without
mercie
,
in
reuenge
of
the
murther
of
Trahaern
Vachan
his
coosen
.
But
because
he
lacked
engines
and
miners
,
he
laie
three
weekes
at
that
castell
,
and
the
murtherers
sent
for
succours
to
England
:
wherevpon
Geffrey
Fitzpeter
lord
chiefe
Iustice
of
England
gathered
a
great
power
,
Hol.
pag.
537.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
259.
&
ioining
with
him
all
the
lords
Marchers
came
to
raise
the
siege
.
And
because
the
fortune
of
the
battell
is
variable
and
vncertaine
,
he
sent
first
to
Gwenwynwyn
to
haue
a
treatie
of
peace
concluded
:
but
he
and
such
as
were
with
him
would
in
no
wise
condescend
to
peace
,
whose
answere
was
that
they
would
at
that
iournie
reuenge
their
old
wrongs
.
Wherevpon
the
English
lords
did
first
enlarge
.
Gruffyth
the
sonne
of
prince
Rees
of
Southwales
,
whom
they
knew
to
be
an
enimie
to
Gwenwynwyn
,
which
Gruffyth
gathered
a
great
power
,
and
ioined
with
the
English
lords
,
and
so
they
came
towards
the
castell
,
against
whome
Gwenwynwyn
cam
verie
stoutlie
,
&
there
began
a
cruell
battell
with
much
slaughter
on
either
part
;
but
at
the
last
the
Englishmen
gat
the
victorie
,
and
Gwenwynwyn
lost
a
great
number
of
his
men
,
among
whom
were
Anarawd
sonne
to
Eneon
,
Owen
ap
Cadwalhon
,
Richard
ap
Iestyn
,
and
Robert
ap
Howel
;
also
Meredyth
ap
Conan
was
then
taken
prisoner
with
manie
moe
.
H.
Lhoyd
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
259.
Matthew
Paris
saith
,
that
this
battell
was
fought
before
Mawdes
castell
,
&
that
of
the
Welshmen
there
were
slaine
3700.
and
after
this
victorie
the
English
lords
returned
home
with
much
honor
.
And
forthwith
Gruffyth
sonne
to
prince
Rees
recouered
by
force
and
good
will
of
the
people
all
his
land
,
sauing
two
castels
Aberteiui
and
Stratmeyric
,
which
his
brother
Maelgon
by
the
aid
of
Gwenwynwyn
had
wrongfullie
taken
from
him
.
Then
his
brother
Maelgon
(
fearing
his
displeasure
)
tooke
a
solemne
oth
before
noble
and
religious
men
,
which
were
about
to
make
peace
betwixt
them
;
that
if
his
brother
Gruffyth
would
giue
him
pledges
for
the
assurance
of
his
owne
person
,
he
would
deliuer
him
by
a
day
the
castell
of
Aberteiui
:
whervpon
Gruffyth
did
so
.
But
assoone
as
Maelgon
got
the
pledges
,
he
fortified
the
castell
,
&
manned
it
to
his
owne
vse
,
and
sent
the
pledges
to
Gwenwynwyn
,
who
hated
Gruffyth
to
the
death
,
there
to
be
kept
in
prison
.
But
shortlie
after
,
by
Gods
helpe
they
brake
the
prison
&
escaped
home
.
In
the
yeare
1199.
1199
Maelgon
sonne
to
prince
Rees
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Dynerth
,
and
getting
it
,
slew
all
the
garrison
which
his
brother
Gruffyth
had
left
to
defend
it
.
But
at
the
same
time
Gruffyth
wan
the
castell
of
Cilgerran
,
and
fortified
it
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
261.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
75.
This
yeare
,
as
king
Richard
did
vew
the
castell
of
Chaleus
in
the
countrie
of
Lenuoyle
,
he
was
striken
with
a
quarell
and
sore
wounded
,
whereof
he
died
the
ninth
of
April
,
and
left
by
his
testament
Iohn
his
brother
inheritor
of
all
his
lands
,
hauing
no
respect
to
his
brother
Geffreys
son
Arthur
duke
of
Brytaine
,
who
being
the
sonne
of
the
elder
brother
was
his
right
heire
.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
92.
Then
this
Iohn
,
surnamed
Without
land
,
was
crowned
king
of
England
with
great
triumph
:
wherfore
the
French
king
forth
with
made
warre
against
him
,
to
whom
Arthur
duke
of
Brytaine
cleaued
,
thinking
thereby
to
obtaine
the
crowne
of
England
.
Also
the
king
of
Scots
by
meanes
of
Hugh
Bygod
came
to
Yorke
,
and
openlie
sware
fidelitie
to
the
king
of
England
.
The
yeare
after
,
Gruffyth
sonne
to
Conan
ap
Owen
Gwyneth
a
noble
man
died
,
and
was
buried
in
a
moonks
cowle
at
the
Abbey
of
Conwy
,
H.
Lhoyd
.
and
so
were
all
the
nobles
(
for
the
most
part
)
of
that
time
buried
:
for
they
were
made
to
beleeue
by
the
moonks
and
friers
,
that
that
strange
weed
was
a
sure
defense
betwixt
their
soules
and
hell
,
how
so
euer
they
died
.
And
all
this
baggage
and
superstition
receiued
they
with
moonks
and
friers
a
few
yeres
before
that
out
of
England
.
For
the
first
Abbey
or
frier
house
that
we
read
of
in
Wales
,
sith
the
destruction
of
the
noble
house
of
Bangor
,
which
sauored
not
of
Romish
dregges
,
was
the
Tuy
Gwyn
,
built
the
yeare
1146.
and
after
they
swarmed
like
bees
through
all
the
countrie
:
for
then
the
Cleargie
had
forgotten
the
lesson
that
they
had
receiued
of
the
noble
Clerke
Ambrosius
Telesinus
,
who
writing
in
the
yeare
540.
when
the
right
Christian
faith
(
which
Ioseph
of
Aremathia
taught
at
the
Ile
of
Aualon
)
reigned
in
this
land
,
before
the
proud
and
bloodthirstie
moonke
Augustine
infected
it
with
his
Romish
doctrine
,
in
a
certaine
Ode
hath
these
verses
:
Taliefin
.
In
those
daies
the
Brytaines
refused
the
doctrine
of
Augustine
as
erronius
and
corrupt
.
Gwae'r
offeiriad
byd
Nys
angreifftia
gwyd
Ac
ny
phregetha
:
Gwae
ny
cheidw
ey
gail
Ac
ef
yn
vigail
,
Ac
nys
areilia
:
Gwae
ny
theidw
ey
dheuaid
Rhae
bleidhie
,
Rhufeniaid
A'i
ffon
gnwppa
.
Which
may
thus
be
Englished
almost
word
for
word
.
Wo
be
to
that
priest
yborne
,
That
will
not
cleanlie
weed
his
corne
And
preach
his
charge
among
:
Wo
be
to
that
shepherd
(
I
saie
)
That
will
not
watch
his
fold
alwaie
,
As
to
his
office
doth
belong
:
Wo
be
to
him
that
doth
not
keepe
From
Romish
woolues
his
sheepe
With
staffe
and
weapon
strong
.
And
because
no
man
should
doubt
of
them
,
I
haue
set
them
here
as
they
were
written
by
him
that
made
them
.
Whereby
it
may
be
proued
,
that
the
Brytaines
the
first
inhabiters
of
this
realme
did
abhorre
the
Romish
doctrine
taught
in
that
time
,
which
doctrine
(
I
am
sure
)
is
litle
amended
now
in
the
church
of
Rome
:
and
that
may
be
to
vs
a
mirrour
to
see
our
owne
follie
,
if
we
doo
degenerate
from
our
forefathers
the
ancient
Brytaines
in
the
sinceritie
of
true
religion
,
as
we
doo
in
other
things
.
This
yeare
Maelgon
ap
Rees
,
seeing
he
could
not
well
keepe
Aberteiui
,
of
verie
spite
to
his
brother
and
hatred
to
his
countrie
,
sold
it
to
the
Englishmen
for
a
small
summe
of
monie
,
being
the
keie
and
locke
of
all
Wales
.
The
same
yeare
Madoc
the
sonne
of
Gruffyth
Maylor
lord
of
Bromfild
did
build
the
abbie
of
Lhanegwest
,
called
in
English
commonlie
Vale
crucis
.
This
yeare
also
king
Iohn
made
peace
with
the
French
king
,
and
Arthur
duke
of
Brytaine
his
nephue
,
Matt.
West
.
pag.
78.
and
married
Isabel
daughter
and
heire
vnto
the
Earle
of
Angolisme
,
which
was
before
assured
vnto
Hugh
de
Brune
Uicount
of
Carce
:
wherefore
the
said
Hugh
forsooke
king
Iohn
,
and
became
his
enimie
.
This
Hugh
Brune
Earle
of
March
and
Turyn
had
this
Isabel
to
wife
after
the
death
of
king
Iohn
,
by
whome
he
had
issue
William
de
Valence
,
who
in
the
right
of
Ione
his
wife
daughter
and
heire
of
Warren
Montchensey
,
and
of
Ione
the
eldest
daughter
and
one
of
the
heires
of
William
Earle
Marshall
and
Penbrooke
,
was
Earle
of
Penbrooke
,
as
in
this
historie
hereafter
doth
appeare
.
The
yeare
1201.
1201
Lhewelyn
ap
Iorwerth
prince
of
Northwales
,
being
a
lustie
yoong
man
,
banished
out
of
the
land
his
coosen
Meredyth
the
sonne
of
Conan
ap
Owen
Gwyneth
suspected
of
treason
,
and
seased
the
Cantref
of
Lhyyn
and
Euyonyth
to
his
owne
hands
,
which
were
Conans
land
.
Then
shortlie
after
,
Meredyth
the
sonne
of
prince
Rees
was
slaine
at
Carnwilhion
by
treason
,
whose
elder
brother
Gruffyth
seased
vpon
his
castell
in
Lhanymdhyfri
and
all
his
lands
.
This
Gruffyth
was
a
wise
and
discreet
gentleman
,
and
one
that
was
like
to
bring
all
Southwales
to
good
order
and
obedience
,
who
in
all
things
folowed
his
fathers
steppes
,
whom
as
he
succeeded
in
gouernment
,
so
he
did
in
all
martiall
prowes
and
nobilitie
of
mind
;
but
cruell
fortune
,
which
frowned
vpon
that
countrie
,
suffered
him
not
long
to
enioy
his
land
.
1202
This
prince
died
vpon
S.
Iames
daie
ensuing
,
and
was
buried
at
Stratflur
with
great
solemnitie
;
he
left
behind
him
a
son
called
Rees
as
right
inheritor
of
Southwales
,
whose
mother
was
Mawd
the
daughter
of
William
de
Bruse
.
Matt.
West
.
pag.
78.
Also
this
yeare
died
Arthur
duke
of
Brytaine
at
Roane
not
without
suspicion
of
poison
ministred
by
his
vncles
meanes
,
who
caused
his
sister
Elianor
to
be
conueied
to
England
,
and
to
be
kept
in
prison
miserablie
in
the
castell
of
Brystow
as
long
as
she
liued
.
Then
the
French
king
got
all
Normandie
,
sauing
Roane
and
two
castels
,
by
treason
of
the
Normanes
,
who
hated
Iohn
to
the
death
.
The
next
yeare
after
that
,
certeine
lords
of
Wales
got
the
castell
of
Gwerthrynion
,
which
was
Roger
Mortimers
,
and
made
it
plaine
with
the
ground
.
Then
Lhewelyn
ap
Iorwerth
prince
of
Northwales
calling
to
memorie
his
estate
and
title
,
and
how
all
the
other
princes
by
the
ordinance
of
Roderike
the
Great
,
and
after
by
the
lawes
of
Howel
Dha
,
ought
of
right
to
acknowledge
the
king
or
prince
of
Northwales
as
their
liege
lord
,
and
hold
their
lands
of
him
and
of
none
other
;
notwithstanding
that
,
of
late
yeares
by
negligence
of
his
predecessors
they
had
not
vsed
their
accustomed
dutie
:
but
some
held
of
the
king
of
England
,
other
ruled
as
supreme
powers
within
their
owne
countries
.
Therefore
he
called
a
Parliament
of
all
the
lords
in
Wales
,
which
for
the
most
part
appeared
before
him
,
&
swore
to
be
his
liegemen
:
but
Gwenwynwyn
lord
of
Powys
would
not
come
thither
,
nor
take
the
oth
of
allegiance
.
Which
disobedience
the
prince
declared
to
all
his
lords
,
&
they
all
thought
that
it
was
meete
that
Gwenwynwyn
should
be
constrained
by
force
to
doo
his
dutie
,
or
else
to
leese
his
lands
.
Yet
one
of
his
lords
named
Elise
ap
Madoc
would
not
agree
to
hurt
Gwenwynwyn
in
anie
case
,
but
departed
awaie
suddenlie
:
then
Lhewelyn
came
with
an
armie
to
Powys
;
but
by
the
meanes
of
certaine
learned
men
,
Gwenwynwyn
and
the
prince
were
made
freends
,
&
Gwenwynwyn
became
the
prince
his
liegeman
,
He
had
need
to
vse
a
caution
in
this
oth
,
for
he
was
sworne
before
to
the
king
of
England
.
H.
Lhoyd
.
and
confirmed
that
both
by
oth
and
writing
.
Then
Lhewelyn
remembring
how
Elise
ap
Madoc
had
serued
him
,
seased
vpon
all
his
lands
,
and
Elise
fled
the
countrie
,
but
afterward
yeelded
himselfe
to
the
princes
mercie
,
who
gaue
him
the
castell
of
Crogen
,
and
seuen
towneships
withall
.
And
here
I
thinke
it
not
vnmeete
to
declare
the
cause
why
the
Englishmen
vse
to
call
the
Welshmen
Crogens
,
as
a
word
of
reproch
and
despite
:
but
if
they
knew
the
beginning
,
they
should
find
it
contrarie
.
For
in
the
viage
that
king
Henrie
the
second
made
against
the
Welshmen
to
the
mountaines
of
Berwin
,
as
he
laie
at
Oswestree
,
a
number
of
his
men
that
were
sent
to
trie
the
passages
,
as
they
would
haue
passed
Offas
ditch
at
the
castell
of
Crogen
,
at
which
place
there
was
&
is
at
this
daie
a
narrow
waie
through
the
same
ditch
,
for
that
ditch
appeereth
yet
to
this
daie
verie
deepe
through
all
that
countrie
&
beareth
his
old
name
.
These
men
,
I
saie
,
as
they
would
haue
passed
this
straite
,
were
met
withall
,
&
a
great
number
of
them
slaine
,
as
appeareth
by
their
graues
there
yet
to
be
seene
,
Adwy'r
bedhev
.
whereof
the
strait
beareth
the
name
.
Therefore
the
Englishmen
afterward
not
forgetting
this
slaughter
,
vsed
to
cast
the
Welshmen
in
the
teeth
in
all
their
troubles
with
the
name
of
Crogen
,
as
if
they
would
signifie
vnto
them
thereby
,
that
they
should
looke
for
no
fauour
but
rather
reuengment
at
their
hands
:
which
word
in
processe
of
time
grew
to
be
taken
in
another
signification
.
Now
when
Lhewelyn
had
set
all
these
parties
in
good
order
,
he
returned
to
Northwales
,
&
by
the
waie
fortified
the
castell
of
Bala
in
Penlhyn
.
About
the
same
time
Rees
sonne
to
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
(
by
right
prince
of
Southwales
)
got
the
castell
of
Lhanymdhyfri
vpon
Michaelmas
day
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
279.
Matt.
West
.
pag.
79.
This
yeare
king
Iohn
lost
all
Normandie
,
with
Aniow
,
Mayne
and
Poytiers
;
and
Hugh
Gurnaie
,
Robert
Fitzwater
and
Sayer
de
Quincie
,
who
had
a
great
part
of
these
countries
vnder
their
rule
,
deliuered
all
vp
to
the
French
king
at
the
first
summon
;
yet
Roger
Lacie
kept
his
castels
as
long
as
he
had
any
hope
of
succors
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
276.
Polydor
virg.
lib.
15.
About
this
time
there
was
in
England
one
called
Simon
de
Thurnay
,
a
great
diuine
and
philosopher
,
who
diuerse
times
made
his
aduaunt
,
that
he
knew
all
that
was
to
be
knowen
,
and
suddenlie
he
fell
to
such
ignorance
that
he
cold
nether
read
nor
vnderstand
one
letter
in
the
booke
.
Ran.
Cest.
lib.
7.
cap.
33.
Fabian
.
About
this
time
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
tooke
to
wife
Ione
the
daughter
of
king
Iohn
,
by
Agatha
the
daughter
of
Robert
Ferrers
Earle
of
Derby
,
with
whom
the
said
king
gaue
him
the
lordship
of
Elsmere
in
the
Marches
of
Wales
.
The
yeare
next
ensuing
the
foresaid
Rees
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
got
the
castell
of
Lhangadoc
,
1204
and
fortified
it
to
his
owne
vse
;
but
shortlie
after
Maelgon
his
vncle
with
his
freend
Gwenwynwyn
came
with
a
strong
power
before
the
castell
of
Lhanymdhyfri
&
wan
it
,
and
from
thence
they
remoued
to
Lhangadoc
,
got
the
same
likewise
,
suffering
the
garrison
to
depart
.
From
thence
Maelgon
went
to
Dinerth
,
and
finished
the
castell
which
he
had
begun
there
.
About
this
time
Dauid
sonne
to
Owen
Gwyneth
,
after
that
prince
Lhewelyn
(
his
nephue
)
had
set
him
at
libertie
,
fled
to
England
,
and
got
an
armie
to
restore
him
to
his
ancient
estate
in
Northwales
,
but
all
in
vaine
;
for
his
nephue
met
him
and
ouerthrew
him
in
the
waie
,
then
he
returning
to
England
,
for
verie
sorow
died
shortlie
after
.
The
next
yeare
to
this
,
Howel
the
sonne
of
prince
Rees
,
being
blind
,
was
slaine
at
Cemaes
by
his
brother
Maelgons
men
,
and
buried
by
his
brother
Gruffyth
at
Stratflur
.
Although
this
Maelgon
in
those
daies
bare
all
the
rule
in
Southwales
,
yet
his
brother
Gruffyths
sonnes
Rees
and
his
brethren
wan
from
him
the
chiefe
defense
of
all
his
countrie
,
to
wit
,
the
castels
of
Dyneuowr
and
Lhanymdhyfri
.
Then
William
Marshall
Earle
of
Penbrooke
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Cilgerran
&
wan
it
.
Not
long
after
,
Maelgon
ap
Rees
hired
an
Irishman
to
kill
Gadiuor
ap
Griffri
,
whose
foure
sons
Maelgon
tooke
and
put
them
to
death
.
These
were
toward
gentlemen
,
and
came
of
a
noble
stocke
:
for
their
mother
Susanna
was
daughter
to
the
said
Howel
ap
Rees
by
a
daughter
of
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
prince
of
Powys
.
The
yeare
1205.
1205
Maelgon
did
build
a
castell
at
Abereneon
.
At
that
time
there
came
such
abundance
of
fish
to
Aberystwyth
,
as
the
like
was
neuer
seene
before
.
Within
the
next
three
yeares
after
,
the
French
king
got
manie
townes
in
Gwyen
.
In
those
daies
there
fell
a
great
debate
in
England
between
the
king
&
the
clergie
about
the
election
of
the
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
:
in
so
much
that
the
yeare
1208.
1208
the
Pope
denounced
all
England
accursed
,
&
no
seruice
was
vsed
in
anie
church
within
England
.
Hol.
pag.
566.
&
570.
This
yere
the
king
did
banish
out
of
the
land
William
de
Bruse
with
his
wife
,
for
displeasure
that
he
bare
to
his
son
,
and
seased
their
lands
to
his
owne
hands
,
which
William
with
his
said
wife
and
son
fled
to
Ireland
,
&
there
remained
for
a
while
.
This
man
was
of
great
power
in
the
Marches
of
Wales
,
but
extreeme
cruell
and
vniust
.
The
same
yeare
Gwenwynwyn
came
to
Shrewesburie
to
speake
with
the
kings
councell
,
and
was
there
detained
prisoner
,
wherevpon
prince
Lhewelyn
conquered
all
his
countrie
,
with
all
the
towns
and
castels
therein
,
and
kept
the
same
to
his
owne
vse
.
Which
when
Maelgon
ap
Rees
vnderstood
,
and
that
Lhewelyn
would
make
his
voiage
to
Southwales
,
he
ouerthrew
his
castels
of
Aberystwyth
Stratmeyric
,
and
Dynerth
,
which
he
before
had
fortified
,
despairing
to
be
able
to
withstand
the
prince
:
but
the
prince
kept
on
his
iournie
to
Aberystwyth
,
and
built
the
castell
againe
,
&
fortified
it
,
and
seased
to
his
owne
hands
the
Cantref
of
Penwedic
,
&
the
land
betwixt
Dyui
and
Aeron
,
which
he
gaue
to
Maelgons
nephues
the
sonnes
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
,
and
so
returned
home
with
great
ioy
.
Within
a
litle
after
Rees
Vachan
sonne
to
prince
Rees
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Lhangadoc
,
and
wan
it
,
not
regarding
his
promise
and
league
with
the
sonnes
of
his
brother
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
,
forgetting
how
worthilie
they
had
serued
him
in
his
necessitie
.
Therefore
assoone
as
they
heard
of
this
,
both
Rees
and
Owen
came
before
the
said
castell
&
wan
it
by
assault
,
&
slew
or
tooke
prisoners
all
the
garrison
,
and
then
burned
the
castell
to
the
earth
.
The
yeare
1210.
1210
king
Iohn
made
a
voiage
to
Ireland
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
307.
with
an
armie
of
great
power
,
and
wanne
the
countrie
of
Conacht
,
and
tooke
Cathol
their
prince
prisoner
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
303.
In
this
voiage
of
King
Iohn
towards
Ireland
,
as
he
was
in
his
iournie
in
the
borders
of
Wales
,
there
was
one
taken
and
brought
before
him
,
who
had
killed
a
préest
.
The
officer
desired
to
vnderstand
the
kings
pleasure
what
he
would
haue
doone
to
him
;
Let
him
go
,
saith
the
king
,
for
he
hath
slaine
mine
enimie
.
The
churchmen
of
those
daies
persecuted
king
Iohn
with
booke
,
bell
and
candell
,
and
therefore
he
little
regarded
the
losse
of
some
of
them
.
Also
he
spoiled
Hugh
de
Lacie
Lord
of
Meth
of
his
castels
and
lands
,
and
tooke
William
de
Bruse
the
yoonger
,
and
Mawd
de
Saint
Valerike
his
mother
,
and
brought
them
both
to
England
with
him
,
and
caused
them
cruellie
to
be
famished
in
the
castell
of
Wyndsor
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
303.
The
cause
of
the
kings
displeasure
taken
against
this
William
de
Bruse
,
Lord
of
Brecknock
,
as
Matthew
Paris
reporteth
the
same
,
was
this
.
When
the
Pope
had
excommunicated
the
realme
of
England
.
The
king
fearing
a
further
inconuenience
,
tooke
pledges
of
such
of
his
nobles
as
he
suspected
would
make
anie
stirre
against
him
,
&
sending
his
messengers
to
the
said
William
de
Bruse
,
demanded
his
sons
for
pledges
.
Then
Mawd
the
wife
of
the
said
William
,
(
more
malipart
than
manerlie
,
taking
the
word
out
of
hir
husbands
mouth
)
answered
roundlie
,
that
the
king
,
who
had
shamefullie
slaine
Arthur
his
nephue
,
whom
he
ought
rather
to
haue
kept
and
preserued
,
should
haue
none
of
hir
children
.
These
words
being
by
the
messengers
signified
vnto
the
king
,
put
him
in
such
a
heat
against
the
said
Lord
,
that
he
sent
certeine
souldiours
to
take
him
;
wherevpon
he
his
wife
and
children
were
faine
to
flie
into
Ireland
to
saue
their
liues
;
Idem
.
pa.
308
where
the
said
Mawd
and
hir
sonne
were
now
taken
:
but
the
father
escaped
and
fled
into
France
,
where
he
died
afterward
,
as
the
same
author
saith
.
This
yeare
the
Earle
of
Chester
reedified
the
castell
of
Dyganwy
,
which
stood
vpon
the
sea
shore
,
East
of
the
riuer
Conwy
,
which
prince
Lhewelyn
had
before
destroied
.
Also
he
fortified
the
castell
of
Treffynnon
or
S.
Wenefride
.
Then
prince
Lhewelyn
entered
the
Earles
land
,
and
destroied
a
great
part
thereof
,
and
returned
home
with
a
great
spoile
.
Also
Rees
Vachan
sonne
to
prince
Rees
fearing
prince
Lhewelyn
,
who
defended
his
nephues
the
sonnes
of
Gruffyth
in
their
right
,
went
to
the
king
for
succours
,
which
he
receiued
with
good
will
,
and
by
their
aid
he
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Lhanymdhyfry
.
Now
when
the
garrison
sawe
no
hope
of
succours
,
they
desired
that
they
might
depart
bag
&
baggage
,
horsses
&
all
,
and
so
they
did
.
Likewise
Gwenwynwyn
,
whom
the
king
held
in
prison
,
was
set
at
libertie
,
and
the
king
fearing
the
princes
power
,
sent
an
armie
with
him
,
by
whose
means
he
receiued
all
his
countrie
againe
in
short
space
.
Maelgon
also
,
when
he
heard
the
same
,
came
to
the
kings
court
,
&
became
the
kings
man
,
who
returning
home
with
a
great
number
of
Normanes
and
Englishmen
,
ioined
to
them
all
the
power
he
could
make
in
Wales
;
and
contrarie
to
the
oth
that
he
had
made
to
his
nephues
Rees
and
Owen
,
began
to
spoile
their
countrie
,
and
comming
to
Cantref
Penwedic
,
encamped
at
Cilkennyn
,
and
laie
there
all
night
consulting
vpon
his
voiage
.
In
the
meane
time
his
nephues
hearing
this
,
hauing
but
a
small
power
,
not
aboue
300.
of
chosen
men
,
came
and
lodged
hard
by
,
vnknowing
to
their
enimies
.
And
when
they
vnderstood
by
their
spies
that
all
was
in
quiet
in
Maelgons
campe
,
and
how
that
his
men
mistrusting
nothing
behaued
themselues
careleslie
,
these
two
lords
prosecuted
boldlie
the
enterprise
which
they
had
taken
in
hand
,
and
peaceablie
entring
the
campe
,
did
come
where
they
thought
Maelgon
laie
,
&
or
euer
they
were
espied
they
gaue
alarum
,
and
slew
a
great
number
before
they
awoke
:
and
the
rest
hearing
the
noise
,
halfe
amazed
,
by
means
of
the
darkenesse
escaped
awaie
,
thinking
some
great
power
had
beene
there
.
But
Maelgons
men
defended
them
manfullie
,
vntill
such
time
as
their
lord
had
gotten
vpon
his
feete
,
and
escaped
awaie
by
benefite
of
the
night
.
Then
his
nephue
Conan
ap
Howel
and
his
chiefe
counseller
Gruffyth
ap
Cadogan
were
both
taken
,
and
Eneon
ap
Caradoc
with
a
great
number
more
slaine
.
About
this
time
Gilbert
Earle
of
Glocester
fortified
the
castell
of
Buelht
,
where
a
litle
before
he
had
lost
manie
of
his
men
.
This
yeare
also
Mawd
de
Bruse
wife
to
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
died
,
and
was
buried
in
a
moonks
coule
in
Stratflur
by
hir
husband
.
1211
The
next
yeare
ensuing
king
Iohn
had
manie
complaints
made
vnto
him
by
the
Marchers
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
307.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
89.
vpon
prince
Lhewelyn
,
how
he
entring
their
countrie
burned
and
spoiled
all
as
he
went
,
and
slew
their
men
.
Wherfore
the
king
gathered
a
great
armie
through
all
England
,
and
called
to
him
such
lords
and
princes
of
Wales
as
held
of
him
,
as
Howel
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
ap
Owen
Gwyneth
,
whom
Lhewelyn
had
banished
:
Madoc
ap
Gruffyth
Maylor
lord
of
Bromfield
,
Chirke
and
Yale
:
Meredyth
ap
Rotpert
lord
of
Cydewen
:
Gwenwynwyn
lord
of
Powys
,
Maelgon
and
Rees
Vachan
the
sonnes
of
prince
Rees
,
rulers
of
Southwales
.
With
this
great
armie
he
entred
into
Northwales
by
Chester
,
minding
to
destroie
all
that
had
life
within
that
countrie
.
Then
the
prince
hearing
of
all
this
preparation
against
him
,
aswell
of
his
owne
countriemen
as
others
,
commanded
all
such
as
inhabited
the
Inland
or
Midle
countrie
(
which
is
now
part
of
Denbigh
and
Flynt
shires
)
to
remooue
all
their
goods
and
cattels
to
Snowden
hils
for
a
time
.
And
so
the
king
came
along
the
sea
coast
to
Ruthlan
,
and
so
passed
ouer
the
riuer
Clwyd
,
and
came
to
the
castell
of
Teganwy
,
and
there
remained
a
while
:
but
Lhewelyn
cut
off
his
victuals
behind
him
,
so
that
he
could
haue
none
from
England
,
and
there
cold
not
a
man
scatter
from
the
skirmishes
vnfought
withall
:
where
the
Northwales
men
alwaies
,
both
for
the
aduantage
of
the
straits
and
knowledge
of
the
places
,
had
the
vpper
hand
.
At
the
last
the
English
souldiours
were
glad
to
taste
horsse
flesh
for
pure
neede
.
Then
,
when
the
king
saw
no
remedie
,
he
returned
home
in
great
rage
,
leauing
the
countrie
full
of
dead
bodies
.
1212
In
August
next
ensuing
he
returned
againe
with
a
great
armie
,
Matt.
Paris
,
page
.
309.
Matth.
West
.
page
.
91.
and
the
lords
before
named
with
him
,
&
entred
into
Wales
,
at
Blanch-monasterie
now
Oswestree
,
whereof
Iohn
the
sonne
of
William
Fitzalan
was
lord
.
At
this
time
the
king
passing
the
riuer
of
Conwey
,
encamped
there
by
the
riuer
side
,
and
sent
part
of
his
armie
with
guides
of
the
countrie
to
burne
Bangor
:
who
did
so
,
taking
Rotpert
the
bishop
prisoner
,
who
was
afterward
ransomed
for
200.
hawkes
.
Then
the
prince
seeing
all
England
and
Wales
against
him
,
&
a
great
part
of
his
land
won
from
him
,
thought
it
best
to
entreat
with
the
king
.
And
thervpon
he
sent
Ione
his
wife
the
kings
daughter
to
hir
father
to
make
a
peace
,
who
(
being
a
discreet
woman
)
found
the
meanes
that
vpon
pledges
giuen
for
safe
conduct
the
prince
came
to
the
king
,
and
made
peace
with
him
,
and
did
him
homage
.
Then
giuing
him
pledges
,
he
promised
vnto
him
towards
his
charges
20000.
heads
of
cattell
and
fortie
horsses
.
Moreouer
he
granted
to
the
king
the
Inland
for
euer
:
wherevpon
the
king
returned
to
England
with
great
triumph
,
after
that
he
had
brought
all
Wales
vnder
his
subiection
,
sauing
Rees
&
Owen
the
sonnes
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
.
Therfore
at
his
departure
he
gaue
straite
commandement
to
Foulke
Vicount
of
Caerdyff
(
called
Warden
of
the
Marches
,
a
cruell
tyrant
,
but
yet
wel
loued
of
the
king
)
to
take
an
armie
with
him
,
that
he
ioining
with
Maelgon
and
Rees
Vachan
,
might
compell
the
aforesaid
sonnes
of
Gruffyth
to
obeie
him
.
Matt.
〈◊〉
.
pag.
311.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
99.
This
Foulke
or
Falcasius
de
Breant
,
a
Norman
borne
and
a
bastard
,
being
a
cruell
and
a
wicked
man
,
was
called
by
king
Iohn
to
his
aid
against
the
Barons
,
who
vsed
himselfe
cruellie
towards
them
,
for
which
cause
she
said
king
gaue
him
in
mariage
Margaret
de
Riparijs
an
inheritrice
of
great
possessions
.
This
Foulke
calling
vnto
him
Maelgon
and
Rees
came
to
the
Cantref
of
Penwedic
:
then
the
yoong
lords
seing
no
remedie
,
sent
to
him
for
peace
and
safeconduct
to
passe
to
the
court
,
which
he
granted
them
.
When
they
came
to
the
court
,
vpon
their
submission
to
the
king
,
with
the
gift
of
all
their
lands
betwixt
Aeron
and
Dyui
,
they
were
receiued
of
him
very
gentlie
,
and
curteouslie
intreated
,
and
after
they
had
doone
him
homage
,
they
returned
home
againe
.
Then
Foulke
before
his
departure
out
of
the
countrie
,
fortified
the
castell
of
Aberystwyth
,
and
manned
it
to
the
kings
behoofe
.
But
within
a
while
Maelgon
(
as
he
was
verie
vnconstant
)
and
Rees
Vachan
repented
them
of
the
peace
they
had
made
with
the
king
,
and
therevpon
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Aberystwyth
,
&
getting
the
same
destroied
it
.
When
their
nephues
Rees
and
Owen
sawe
that
their
vncles
had
broken
the
kings
peace
,
they
made
a
roade
vnto
Maelgons
countrie
,
and
slew
a
great
number
of
his
men
,
and
returned
with
a
rich
bootie
.
The
next
yeare
prince
Lhewelyn
,
being
not
able
to
abide
the
displeasures
which
the
garrisons
that
the
king
left
in
his
nephues
castels
in
Northwales
did
to
his
people
,
called
to
him
Gwenwynwyn
from
Powys
,
Maelgon
ap
Rees
from
Southwales
,
Madoc
ap
Gruffyth
Maylor
from
Bromfield
,
Meredyth
ap
Rotpert
from
Cydewen
,
and
opened
to
them
this
miserable
case
,
how
they
which
were
woont
to
haue
a
prince
of
their
owne
nation
,
now
(
by
their
owne
wilfulnesse
)
were
brought
in
subiection
to
a
stranger
,
and
declared
also
vnto
them
,
how
that
if
they
would
agree
among
themselues
,
they
might
defend
their
ancient
estate
still
;
which
thing
they
all
promised
to
do
,
&
swore
fealtie
to
prince
Lhewelyn
,
&
forthwith
gathered
an
armie
,
&
wan
all
the
castels
sauing
Ruthlan
&
Dyganwy
:
then
comming
to
Powys
,
Casteth
Mathraual
.
they
laid
siege
to
the
castell
which
Robert
Vepont
had
made
at
Mathraual
.
But
when
the
king
was
informed
of
all
this
,
he
leuied
an
armie
,
and
came
thither
to
raise
the
siege
,
and
after
caused
the
castell
to
be
rased
,
&
then
returned
home
,
hauing
greater
matters
in
hand
betweene
him
&
his
nobles
.
Then
being
at
Notingham
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
309.
&
hering
how
the
prince
of
Wales
destroied
all
the
Marches
,
he
caused
the
pledges
which
he
had
receiued
the
last
yere
to
be
hanged
,
as
Howel
the
son
of
Cadwalhon
,
Madoc
the
sonne
of
Maelgon
,
Hol.
pag.
573.
and
others
,
to
the
number
of
28.
striplings
.
Also
Robert
Vepont
did
hang
at
Shrewesburie
,
Rees
the
sonne
of
Maelgon
not
being
yet
seuen
yeares
of
age
,
and
so
cruellie
murthered
the
innocent
,
to
reuenge
the
offenses
of
others
.
In
the
meane
while
that
the
king
remained
at
Notingham
,
Hol.
pag.
574.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
309.
he
receiued
letters
from
the
princesse
of
Northwales
his
daughter
,
declaring
that
his
nobles
had
conspired
with
the
French
king
against
him
,
and
for
proofe
thereof
she
alledged
,
that
Robert
Fitzwater
,
Eustace
de
Vescy
,
and
Stephan
Ridell
were
secretelie
fled
into
France
,
and
that
the
French
king
prepared
an
armie
to
come
to
England
,
vnder
the
colour
that
the
king
was
a
rebell
from
the
church
,
for
that
he
would
not
condescend
to
the
bishop
of
Romes
requests
.
The
yeare
1213.
1213
Innocentius
Pope
of
Rome
did
release
prince
Lhewelyn
,
Gwenwynwyn
,
and
Maelgon
,
This
is
not
Euangelium
pacis
.
Ex
fructibus
eorum
cognosceuseos
.
of
those
oths
that
they
had
made
to
king
Iohn
,
and
willed
them
vnder
the
paines
of
cursing
to
annoie
and
trouble
him
all
that
they
could
,
as
the
enimie
of
the
church
.
Wherevpon
forthwith
Lhewelyn
receiued
all
the
Inland
countrie
,
which
to
this
time
was
in
the
kings
hands
.
But
within
a
little
after
,
the
king
by
the
persuasion
of
Pandulph
the
legat
,
granted
the
Pope
his
request
,
and
obteined
absolution
at
his
hands
,
and
releasement
of
the
interdiction
vpon
performance
of
his
promises
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
318.
Then
king
Iohn
hearing
how
the
French
king
was
in
Flanders
,
and
had
a
great
nauie
at
Dam
,
purposing
to
bring
the
Earldome
into
his
subiection
,
Annal.
Fland
Iac.
Meyri
.
lib.
8.
Hol.
pag.
578.
sent
William
de
Longaspata
Earle
of
Salisburie
,
Reginald
Earle
of
Boleyn
,
and
Hugh
de
Noua
villa
or
Neuill
thither
with
a
great
nauie
,
who
ouerthrew
the
Frenchmen
,
and
returned
home
with
great
spoile
.
Shortlie
after
king
Iohn
sailed
to
Rochell
,
where
the
Earle
of
those
marches
,
and
Geffrey
de
Landanamo
were
reconciled
to
him
.
Hol.
pag.
586.
The
yeare
folowing
,
king
Iohn
made
peace
with
the
French
king
,
for
fiue
yeares
.
Then
Rees
son
to
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
,
which
was
heire
to
prince
Rees
,
seeing
he
could
haue
no
part
of
his
fathers
lands
,
but
that
his
vncles
did
keepe
all
from
him
by
force
,
made
his
complaint
to
the
king
.
And
the
king
pittieng
his
estate
,
sent
to
Foulke
Vicount
of
Caerdyff
(
warden
of
the
marches
)
and
to
the
steward
of
Hereford
,
commanding
them
to
take
all
Stratywy
from
Rees
Vachan
(
whom
other
call
Rees
Gryc
)
vnlesse
he
would
let
his
nephues
enioie
the
castell
of
Lhauymdhyfry
,
with
the
territorie
belonging
thereto
.
And
they
sent
to
Rees
to
know
his
mind
,
who
answered
them
stoutlie
,
that
they
should
not
haue
one
foote
of
land
of
him
.
Therefore
Foulke
gathered
a
great
armie
,
and
met
with
yoong
Rees
at
Talhwynelgain
,
where
he
looked
for
him
with
a
number
of
men
,
that
he
had
gotten
in
Brechnock
,
and
thence
they
marched
in
three
battelles
towardes
Dyneuowr
,
of
which
,
yoong
Rees
lead
the
first
,
Foulke
the
second
,
and
Owen
brother
to
Rees
the
third
.
Then
Rees
Vachan
came
boldlie
and
gaue
them
battell
,
where
in
the
end
he
was
put
to
flight
,
with
the
losse
of
a
great
number
of
his
men
.
Then
he
went
straight
,
and
manned
the
castell
of
Dineuowr
,
and
burned
the
towne
of
Lhandeilo
vawr
,
keeping
himselfe
in
the
wild
and
rough
places
:
then
his
enimies
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Dyneuowr
,
and
at
the
first
assault
,
they
wanne
the
first
ward
,
so
that
they
of
the
garrison
were
faine
to
take
the
Koxe
for
their
defense
,
and
defended
the
same
manfullie
;
but
they
without
made
engines
to
cast
in
great
stones
,
and
began
to
vndermine
the
walles
in
such
sort
,
that
the
captaine
fell
to
that
composition
,
that
if
he
were
not
succoured
by
the
next
daie
at
noone
,
he
would
deliuer
vp
the
castell
,
vpon
condition
that
all
his
men
might
depart
with
their
armour
and
weapons
,
and
so
they
did
,
for
they
had
no
succours
.
Afterward
they
brought
the
Cantref
Mawr
to
their
subiection
.
Then
Rees
Vachan
remooued
his
wife
and
children
to
his
brother
Maelgons
countrie
,
and
leaft
the
castell
of
Lhauymdhyfry
well
fortified
and
manned
.
After
the
departure
of
Foulke
,
yoong
Rees
came
with
an
armie
of
Welshmen
and
Normanes
to
Lhauymdhyfry
;
but
before
they
were
encamped
,
the
captaine
deliuered
vp
the
castell
,
the
garrison
departing
with
their
liues
.
And
shortlie
after
Rees
Vachan
was
taken
at
Caermarthyn
,
and
committed
to
the
kings
prison
.
The
Brytish
booke
of
the
Abbeie
of
Stratflur
doth
in
this
place
set
downe
the
earnest
repentance
of
king
Iohn
,
of
all
the
extremities
that
he
had
vsed
against
the
churchmen
,
and
how
that
he
called
home
againe
such
of
them
as
were
either
expelled
,
or
voluntarilie
went
out
of
the
realme
,
and
restored
to
them
all
such
things
as
his
officers
had
taken
from
them
.
At
what
time
also
he
made
the
kingdome
of
England
tributarie
to
the
church
of
Rome
,
to
be
holden
of
the
Pope
,
yéelding
and
paieng
vnto
him
the
summe
of
a
thousand
markes
yearelie
for
euer
.
At
this
time
prince
Lhewelyn
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Dyganwy
,
and
Ruthlan
,
and
wanne
them
both
,
so
that
he
leaft
the
king
neither
hold
nor
castell
within
his
land
.
1215
In
the
yeare
1215.
king
Iohn
with
the
Earles
of
Chester
and
Derbie
tooke
the
crosse
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
339.
but
the
rebellion
of
his
barons
staid
his
iournie
;
for
they
required
of
him
certeine
auncient
lawes
and
customes
to
be
kept
,
which
he
denied
to
doo
.
Therefore
they
were
confederate
with
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
,
that
he
should
stirre
vpon
his
part
,
and
they
would
vpon
theirs
:
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
340.
then
gathering
an
army
,
they
appointed
Robert
Fitzwater
captaine
,
and
came
to
Bedford
,
where
William
Beauchamp
receiued
them
into
the
castell
,
and
from
thence
they
went
to
London
,
and
were
there
ioifullie
receiued
.
Then
the
king
leuied
a
power
,
with
William
Marshall
Earle
of
Penbrooke
,
and
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Rochester
,
which
was
manfullie
defended
three
moneths
by
William
de
Abbineto
,
but
at
the
last
it
was
taken
by
force
.
And
at
that
time
there
were
taken
with
the
said
William
,
William
de
Lancaster
,
William
de
Emmford
,
Thomas
de
Moletun
,
Quince
Gyfford
,
Odinel
Bobi
,
and
Odinel
de
Albineto
,
whom
the
king
sent
to
the
castell
of
Corff
to
be
imprisoned
sure
.
At
this
time
the
Pope
curssed
all
such
as
made
warre
against
king
Iohn
.
There
is
a
bull
of
excommunication
among
the
Records
kept
in
the
towre
against
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
,
and
others
,
for
making
warre
against
king
Iohn
being
vnder
the
protection
of
the
church
of
Rome
.
Thus
the
Pope
can
blow
hot
and
cold
out
of
one
mouth
.
A
litle
before
he
released
prince
Lhewelyn
,
the
Barons
and
all
the
commons
of
the
realme
from
their
oth
of
obedience
and
subiection
to
king
Iohn
,
commanding
them
vpon
paine
of
cursse
to
make
warre
against
him
:
and
now
hauing
brought
his
purpose
to
passe
,
he
cursseth
them
for
doing
of
that
which
he
commanded
.
So
the
Pope
setteth
at
variance
kings
and
princes
at
his
pleasure
to
worke
his
owne
commoditie
,
and
when
the
same
is
brought
about
,
he
cursseth
them
with
booke
,
bell
,
and
candle
,
if
they
without
consideration
of
their
own
gréefs
will
not
agrée
againe
when
he
will
:
wheras
fire
being
kindled
is
not
easilie
quenched
,
&
hatred
once
stirred
vp
betwéene
princes
,
and
growne
by
displeasures
to
open
war
(
wherin
manie
are
slaine
,
other
taken
,
&
the
most
spoiled
and
vndoone
)
is
not
so
soone
put
off
with
a
Mandamus
from
Rome
,
and
shaking
of
hands
at
the
Popes
pleasure
.
Neuerthelesse
prince
Lhewelyn
leuied
an
armie
and
came
to
Shrewesburie
,
which
towne
and
castell
were
deliuered
to
him
without
any
resistance
,
and
there
he
remained
a
while
.
In
the
mean
time
Giles
de
Bruse
bishop
of
Hereford
(
and
chiefe
of
this
conspiracie
)
sonne
to
William
de
Bruse
,
sent
his
brother
Reynold
to
Brechnock
,
and
all
the
people
receiued
him
as
their
lord
,
and
so
he
got
all
his
castels
without
gaine-saieng
of
anie
man
,
to
wit
,
Abergeuenny
,
Penkelhy
,
Castelh
Gwyn
(
or
the
White
castell
)
Grosmont
&
the
Ile
of
Cynuric
.
But
when
the
bishop
came
thither
himselfe
,
they
deliuered
him
the
castels
of
Aberhodny
,
Hay
,
Bnelht
,
&
Blaynlhyfny
,
and
he
to
strengthen
himselfe
in
that
countrie
promised
castell
Payn
,
Clune
with
all
Eluel
,
to
Walter
Vachan
the
sonne
of
Eneon
Clyd
.
In
the
meane
time
of
this
,
yoong
Rees
sonne
to
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
and
Maelgon
his
vncle
were
made
freends
,
and
went
both
to
Dyuet
,
where
they
recouered
all
the
land
to
themselues
sauing
Cemais
,
and
ouerthrew
the
castell
of
Arberth
&
Maynclochoc
.
Then
Maelgon
and
Owen
brother
to
Rees
went
to
Northwales
to
prince
Lhewelyn
,
and
did
to
him
homage
:
and
yoong
Rees
gathered
a
great
power
and
came
to
Cydwely
,
and
brought
it
with
all
Carnwylheon
to
his
subiection
,
and
rased
the
castell
there
,
and
likewise
the
castell
of
Lhychwr
.
From
thence
he
lead
his
armie
to
the
castell
of
Hugh
de
Myles
at
Talybont
,
and
hauing
taken
the
same
by
force
,
slew
a
great
number
of
the
garrison
.
Then
the
daie
after
he
tooke
his
iournie
to
Senghennyth
,
where
the
garrison
which
laie
there
burnt
the
towne
,
and
departed
.
Therfore
Rees
laieng
siege
to
the
castell
of
Ystymlhwynarth
,
got
the
same
the
next
daie
folowing
,
and
burned
it
and
the
towne
also
,
and
so
he
got
all
the
castels
of
Gwyrland
within
three
daies
after
,
and
then
returned
home
with
victorie
and
triumph
.
At
this
time
Rees
Vachan
(
or
Rees
Gryc
)
vncle
to
yoong
Rees
,
and
sonne
to
the
lord
Rees
was
set
at
libertie
by
the
king
,
leauing
his
sonne
and
two
other
pledges
for
him
.
This
yeare
also
two
Abbots
were
consecrated
bishops
,
Iorwerth
of
S.
Dauids
,
and
Cadogan
of
Bangor
.
Giles
de
Bruse
bishop
of
Hereford
by
the
Popes
commandement
went
and
made
peace
with
the
king
,
and
died
in
his
returne
homeward
at
Glocester
,
whose
inheritance
descended
to
his
brother
Reginald
,
who
maried
the
daughter
of
prince
Lhewelyn
.
Shortlie
after
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Northwales
came
with
a
great
armie
to
Caermardhyn
,
and
laid
siege
to
the
castell
,
which
was
yeelded
vnto
him
the
fifth
daie
after
,
which
he
rased
to
the
ground
,
and
so
he
did
with
the
castels
of
Lhanstephan
,
S.
Cleare
,
&
Talacharn
.
From
thence
he
went
to
Caerdigan
,
and
winning
the
new
castell
in
Emlyn
,
he
subdued
Cemaes
,
and
got
the
castell
of
Trefdraeth
,
(
called
in
English
Newport
)
and
rased
the
same
to
the
ground
.
Then
the
garrison
,
which
kept
the
castell
of
Aberteiui
deliuered
the
same
vnto
him
vpon
S.
Stephens
daie
:
and
the
daie
after
he
had
the
castell
of
Cilgerran
,
from
whence
he
returned
to
Northwales
with
great
honor
and
triumph
.
In
the
which
viage
these
lords
accompanied
him
,
to
wit
,
Howel
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
,
Lhewelyn
ap
Meredyth
,
Gwenwynwyn
lord
of
Powys
,
Meredyth
ap
Rotpert
,
Maelgon
and
Rees
Vachan
the
sonnes
of
prince
Rees
,
Rees
and
Owen
the
sonnes
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
,
and
the
power
of
Madoc
ap
Gruffyth
Maylor
lord
of
Bromfield
.
The
winter
after
was
the
fairest
winter
that
euer
was
seene
.
The
yeare
folowing
the
prince
went
to
Aberteiui
,
to
make
an
agreement
betwixt
Maelgon
and
Rees
Vachan
sonnes
to
prince
Rees
on
the
one
side
,
and
their
nephues
yoong
Rees
,
and
his
brother
Owen
the
sonnes
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
on
the
other
side
:
where
he
diuided
Southwales
betwixt
them
after
this
maner
:
to
Maelgon
he
gaue
three
Cantrefs
in
Dyuet
Gwarthaf
,
Penlhwynoc
,
Cemaes
and
Emlyn
,
with
the
castell
of
Cilgerran
:
two
in
Stratywy
,
Hiruryn
and
Malhaen
and
Maenor
Bydvey
,
with
the
castell
of
Lhanymdhyfry
,
and
two
in
Caerdigan
Gwynionyth
and
Mabwyneon
to
yoong
Rees
and
Owen
his
brother
he
gaue
the
castell
of
Aberteiui
,
and
the
castell
of
Nant
yr
arian
(
or
siluer
dale
)
and
three
Cantrefs
in
Caerdigan
withall
.
And
to
Rees
Vachan
otherwise
called
Rees
Gryc
,
the
castell
of
Dyneuowr
,
the
Cantref
Mawr
,
and
the
Cantref
Bachan
(
except
Hiruryn
and
Mydhuey
&
the
Comotes
of
Cydwely
and
Carnwylhion
)
This
diuision
being
accomplished
,
the
prince
returned
homeward
,
to
whom
by
the
way
it
was
signified
that
Gwenwynwyn
(
contrarie
to
his
oth
and
bonds
in
writing
)
had
forsaken
him
,
and
became
againe
the
kings
subiect
,
which
greeued
the
prince
verie
much
,
and
therefore
he
sent
vnto
him
bishops
and
Abbots
to
moue
him
to
remember
his
oth
and
promise
,
and
his
pledges
giuen
to
the
prince
,
and
to
shew
him
his
owne
hand
,
and
therevpon
to
see
if
he
would
come
againe
,
and
to
promise
him
the
princes
fauour
;
but
he
would
in
no
case
heare
of
reconciliation
,
wherefore
the
prince
entred
into
Powys
with
fire
and
sword
,
and
subdued
the
countrie
to
himselfe
:
wherevpon
Gwenwynwyn
fled
to
the
Earle
of
Chester
for
succours
,
and
there
remained
for
a
while
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
377.
At
this
time
Lewys
sonne
to
the
French
king
being
called
by
the
Barons
of
England
,
landed
at
Tenet
,
who
receiuing
to
his
hands
all
the
holdes
by
the
waie
,
came
to
London
,
and
there
receiued
homage
of
the
Barons
,
and
from
thence
went
towards
Winchester
where
king
Iohn
was
,
and
by
the
waie
got
the
castels
of
Rygat
,
Guilford
,
and
Fernam
,
then
comming
to
Winchester
receiued
the
same
with
the
castell
.
Wherevpon
king
Iohn
fled
to
Hereford
in
the
Marches
of
Wales
,
and
sent
to
Reynold
Bruse
and
to
prince
Lhewelyn
,
desiring
freendship
;
but
they
would
not
heare
him
.
Therefore
he
destroied
the
castell
of
Radnor
and
Haye
and
came
a
long
to
Oswestree
,
which
towne
being
of
the
possessions
of
Iohn
Fitzalans
,
he
burned
to
the
earth
,
and
departed
from
thence
northward
,
leauing
power
as
he
went
,
in
whose
companie
were
William
de
Albemarle
the
Earle
of
Glocester
,
Philip
de
Albineto
,
Iohn
Marshall
,
Foulke
de
Breant
a
noble
good
soldiour
,
to
whom
the
king
gaue
in
mariage
the
daughter
of
the
Earle
Riuers
with
the
castell
of
Bedford
,
William
Earle
of
Salisburie
the
kings
brother
,
William
Briwer
,
Walter
Espec
.
Also
he
appointed
gouernors
of
the
North
,
Hugh
Baliol
,
and
Philip
Halcots
.
He
made
gouernors
of
the
citie
of
Yorke
,
Robert
de
Veipont
,
Geffrey
Lucy
,
and
Bryan
de
Lysle
.
Upon
the
other
part
Lewys
coming
from
Winchester
,
tooke
the
castell
of
Odyham
and
came
to
London
with
great
triumph
,
where
Geffrey
Maundeuile
Earle
of
Essex
was
slaine
by
misfortune
running
at
the
tilte
.
And
the
Lords
that
mainteined
the
quarell
were
these
:
William
Erle
Waren
,
William
Earle
of
Arundell
,
William
Erle
of
Salisburie
,
who
forsooke
the
king
at
the
end
,
William
Marshall
the
yoonger
,
William
de
Maundeuile
,
Robert
Fitzwater
,
William
Huntingfield
all
southern
men
,
and
Robert
de
Rose
,
Peter
de
Bruse
,
and
Richard
Percie
northern
men
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
383.
And
all
this
while
Hubert
de
Burgh
kept
the
castell
of
Douer
worthilie
to
the
behoofe
of
the
king
.
But
as
king
Iohn
was
making
preparation
at
Newerke
,
he
fell
sicke
and
died
,
and
lieth
buried
at
Worcester
.
Matt.
Paris
,
page
.
386.
After
the
death
of
king
Iohn
,
Rondle
Earle
of
Chester
,
William
Marshall
Erle
of
Penbrooke
,
William
Earle
Ferrers
,
Matth.
West
.
page
.
104.
Philip
de
Albineto
,
and
Iohn
Marshall
crowned
Henrie
his
sonne
king
of
England
at
Glocester
.
In
the
meane
while
Lewys
besieged
the
castell
of
Douer
,
but
all
in
vaine
.
Then
returning
to
London
,
where
the
citie
was
deliuered
him
,
he
proceeded
and
wan
the
castels
of
Hartford
and
Berkamstede
.
Wherevpon
there
was
a
truse
concluded
betwixt
both
princes
for
a
while
,
then
Lewys
returned
to
France
.
This
yeare
Howel
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
died
,
and
lieth
buried
at
Conwey
.
1217
The
yeare
1217.
manie
of
the
nobles
of
England
forsooke
Lewys
,
whom
they
had
called
in
before
,
and
contrarie
to
their
oth
came
to
king
Henrie
,
as
William
de
Albineto
lord
of
Bealwere
besides
Notingham
,
who
was
imprisoned
in
Corff
,
&
William
Earle
Warren
,
William
de
Albineto
Earle
of
Arundell
,
William
longa
Spata
Earle
of
Salisburie
,
William
Marshall
the
yonger
,
and
William
de
Cantilupo
.
Then
Lewys
shortlie
after
landed
at
Douer
with
a
great
armie
,
and
laid
siege
to
the
castell
,
but
he
could
doo
no
good
:
from
thence
he
went
and
incamped
before
the
castell
of
Windsore
,
and
when
he
cold
not
get
it
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
395.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
104.
he
tooke
his
iournie
to
Lincolne
,
whither
the
armie
of
king
Henrie
came
against
him
,
where
a
cruell
battell
was
fought
,
wherein
Lewys
was
put
to
flight
,
&
a
great
number
of
his
nobles
taken
,
as
Saere
Quincy
Earle
of
Winchester
,
Henrie
de
Bohune
Earle
of
Hereford
,
Gilbert
de
Gaunt
Earle
of
Lincoln
,
Robert
Fitzwater
,
Richard
Montfytchet
,
Gilbert
de
Clare
,
William
Mowbraye
,
William
Beuchamp
,
William
Mandit
,
Aemer
Harcourt
,
Roger
de
Crescy
,
William
de
Coluile
,
William
de
Rosse
,
Robert
Rippeley
,
and
there
were
slaine
Symon
de
Vescy
,
Hugh
de
Roch
,
Reynald
Crescy
constable
of
Chester
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
398.
Gerald
de
Furneuale
,
and
manie
other
.
Also
Hubert
de
Burgh
captaine
of
Douer
,
Henrie
de
Turberuile
,
and
Richard
Sward
gaue
the
French
nauie
(
whereof
Eustace
a
moonke
was
captaine
)
an
ouerthrow
.
In
this
meane
time
,
Reynald
de
Bruse
did
agree
with
the
king
,
vnknowing
to
prince
Lhewelyn
,
and
contrarie
to
his
promise
.
Wherefore
yoong
Rees
and
Owen
his
sisters
sons
(
seeing
that
he
in
whom
they
trusted
most
deceiued
them
)
rose
against
him
,
and
wanne
all
Buelht
from
him
sauing
the
castell
.
But
when
the
Prince
heard
of
this
agreement
,
he
was
sore
offended
withall
,
and
comming
with
an
armie
to
Brechnock
,
Brecheinoc
was
the
whole
countries
or
lordship
of
Brechnock
:
Aberhodny
the
cheefe
towne
.
he
laid
siege
to
the
town
of
Aberhodny
,
where
the
burgesses
of
the
towne
came
to
him
,
and
by
meanes
of
yoong
Rees
,
the
Prince
taking
100.
markes
and
fiue
pledges
of
them
,
raised
his
siege
,
and
tooke
his
iournie
ouer
the
blacke
mountaines
towards
Gwyr
,
where
he
lost
much
of
his
cariages
.
And
as
he
camped
at
Lhangruc
,
Reynald
Bruse
came
to
him
with
sixe
knights
in
his
companie
,
and
desired
his
father
in
law
of
pardon
for
his
offense
,
who
receiuing
him
gentlie
,
did
not
onlie
forgiue
him
,
but
also
gaue
him
the
castell
of
Senghennyth
,
and
Reynald
committed
the
same
to
the
custodie
of
Rees
Vachan
.
Lhewelyn
after
he
had
set
all
things
in
good
order
in
that
countrie
marched
to
Dyuet
,
and
being
at
Cefn
Cynwarchan
,
the
Flemings
sent
to
him
to
desire
peace
,
but
the
Prince
would
not
grant
them
their
request
.
Then
yoong
Rees
was
the
first
that
passed
the
riuer
Cledheu
to
fight
with
them
of
the
towne
.
Wherevpon
Iorwerth
bishop
of
S.
Dauids
with
all
his
clergie
came
to
the
Prince
to
desire
peace
to
the
Flemings
,
which
after
long
debating
was
thus
concluded
.
Articles
of
peace
betweene
prince
Lhewelyn
and
the
Flemings
.
First
,
that
all
the
inhabitants
of
Ros
and
the
land
of
Penbrooke
should
become
the
princes
subiects
,
and
euer
from
thencefoorth
take
him
for
their
liege
Lord.
Secondarilie
,
that
they
should
paie
him
a
1000.
markes
towards
his
charges
,
before
Michaelmas
next
comming
.
Thirdlie
,
that
for
the
performance
of
these
,
they
should
deliuer
forthwith
to
the
Prince
twentie
pledges
of
the
best
in
all
the
countrie
:
which
things
they
did
.
Then
the
prince
,
after
he
had
brought
all
Wales
to
his
subiection
,
returned
to
Northwales
with
much
honour
.
Shortlie
after
,
there
was
a
peace
concluded
betwixt
the
king
and
Lewys
the
French
kings
sonne
.
Wherevpon
the
king
promising
the
barons
all
their
requests
,
Lewys
returned
toward
France
.
The
barons
pacifieng
France
and
England
,
do
conspire
against
Wales
.
Then
shortlie
after
,
William
Marshall
Earle
of
Penbrooke
got
the
towne
of
Caerlhêon
,
and
made
warre
against
the
Welshmen
,
whom
contrarie
to
their
promise
the
barons
leaft
out
of
the
conclusion
of
peace
.
The
barons
were
verie
glad
of
the
fréendship
and
aid
of
the
prince
of
Wales
,
to
serue
their
turne
.
But
now
in
the
generall
conclusion
of
the
peace
,
contrarie
to
their
oth
and
promise
,
they
reserue
out
Wales
to
kéepe
them
plaie
withall
,
hoping
to
get
some
more
land
thereby
.
Therefore
let
men
take
héed
how
they
build
vpon
Turne-seruing
Freendship
.
Wherevpon
Rees
Vachan
rased
the
castell
of
Senghennyth
,
&
all
the
castels
he
had
in
his
custodie
in
that
countrie
,
and
banished
all
the
Englishmen
that
dwelled
there
with
their
wiues
and
children
for
euer
,
and
diuided
the
countrie
to
the
Welshmen
,
who
haue
kept
it
vnto
this
daie
.
The
yeare
ensuing
,
prince
Lhewelyn
put
his
garrisons
in
the
castels
of
Caermardhin
and
Aberteiui
.
Then
yoong
Rees
(
by
the
princes
consent
)
went
to
the
king
&
did
him
homage
for
his
lands
.
At
this
time
William
Earle
of
Arundell
,
Rondell
Earle
of
Chester
,
William
Ferrers
Earle
of
Derbie
and
Bryan
Lisle
tooke
their
voiage
toward
the
holie
land
.
In
the
yeare
folowing
,
Rees
Gryc
sonne
to
prince
Rees
married
the
daughter
of
the
Earle
of
Clare
;
and
Iohn
de
Bruse
married
Marret
the
daughter
of
prince
Lhewelyn
.
At
that
time
William
Marshall
the
elder
died
,
leauing
after
him
fiue
sonnes
and
fiue
daughters
,
which
daughters
were
thus
married
.
Mawd
to
Hugh
Bygod
,
Ioane
to
Warren
de
Mount
Chensey
;
Isabell
to
Gilbert
de
Clare
;
Sibill
to
William
Earle
of
Derbie
;
and
Eua
to
William
de
Bruse
,
betwixt
which
fiue
all
his
great
inheritance
was
after
diuided
,
for
all
his
sonnes
died
without
issue
,
and
were
euerie
one
after
another
Erles
of
Penbrooke
.
The
yeare
1220.
1220
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
lead
an
armie
to
Penbrooke
against
the
Flemings
,
who
contrarie
to
their
oth
and
league
had
taken
the
castell
of
Aberteiui
,
which
castell
the
Prince
wanne
and
destroied
,
putting
the
garrison
to
the
sword
,
rased
the
castell
,
&
went
thence
to
the
land
of
Gwys
,
where
he
rased
that
castell
,
and
burned
the
towne
.
1221
Also
he
caused
all
Hauerford
to
be
burned
to
the
castell
gates
,
and
destroied
all
Ros
and
Daugledhau
:
and
they
which
kept
the
castell
sent
to
him
for
truse
till
Maie
,
which
was
concluded
vpon
conditions
,
Hol.
pag.
619.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
416.
Matt.
West
.
pag.
110.
&
111.
Caste●h
Trefaldwyn
.
and
so
he
returned
home
.
Also
this
yeare
certeine
lords
of
Wales
besieged
the
castell
of
Buelht
,
which
was
Reynalds
de
Bruse
.
Therefore
the
king
came
with
an
armie
to
the
marches
,
and
raised
the
siege
,
and
came
as
far
as
Mountgomerie
,
and
built
a
new
castell
there
.
As
William
de
Albineto
Earle
of
Arundell
,
Henrie
de
Bohune
Earle
of
Hereford
,
and
Sayer
de
Quincie
Earle
of
Winchester
were
comming
home
from
the
holie
land
,
they
died
by
the
waie
.
The
yeare
following
there
fell
a
great
dissention
betwixt
prince
Lhewelyn
,
and
Gruffyth
his
sonne
:
for
this
Gruffyth
enioied
the
Cantref
of
Merionyth
without
his
fathers
consent
,
and
therefore
his
father
sent
for
him
to
come
vnto
him
,
but
he
would
not
come
:
therefore
the
Prince
sware
that
he
would
be
reuenged
vpon
him
and
his
complices
for
that
dishonor
,
and
then
came
with
a
great
armie
to
Merionyth
:
but
his
sonne
fearing
not
the
father
,
got
his
people
in
the
field
readie
to
abide
the
battell
,
but
as
they
were
in
fight
,
there
was
a
peace
concluded
,
and
Gruffyth
yeelded
to
his
father
,
and
cried
him
mercie
.
Then
Lhewelyn
although
he
forgaue
his
sonne
his
offense
,
yet
he
tooke
Merionyth
and
Ardydwy
from
him
,
&
building
a
castell
there
,
returned
home
againe
.
At
this
time
yoong
Rees
forsooke
prince
Lhewelyn
,
bicause
Aberteiui
was
not
deliuered
him
(
as
the
promise
was
at
the
diuiding
of
Southwales
)
and
went
to
William
Marshall
Earle
of
Penbrooke
:
therefore
Lhewelyn
came
to
Aberystwyth
,
and
seased
the
castell
and
all
that
territorie
to
his
owne
vse
.
Then
yoong
Rees
hearing
this
went
vnto
the
king
to
complaine
vpon
the
Prince
,
and
the
king
sent
for
the
prince
to
Shrewesburie
,
and
made
him
and
Rees
freends
;
the
prince
promising
to
deale
with
Rees
for
Aberteiui
as
he
had
done
with
Maelgon
for
Caermardhin
.
This
winter
Iohn
de
Bruse
by
the
consent
of
prince
Lhewelyn
fortified
the
castell
of
Senghennyth
:
at
that
time
also
Isabell
the
kings
mother
maried
the
son
of
Hugh
de
Brune
Earle
of
March
,
without
making
the
king
priuie
thereto
.
William
de
Fortibus
Earle
of
Albemarle
about
this
time
made
an
insurrection
in
Lincolneshire
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
111.
which
was
soone
appeased
:
then
the
king
seased
into
his
hands
certaine
honors
and
castels
that
diuerse
men
kept
in
their
possessions
without
iust
cause
:
as
Foulke
de
Breant
kept
the
Earldoms
of
Northampton
,
Oxford
,
Bedford
and
Buckingham
,
with
the
castels
and
holdes
.
Peter
de
Malo
lacu
,
the
castels
of
Corff
,
and
Shirburne
with
Somersetshire
,
and
Dorcestershire
,
and
the
liberties
and
forrests
.
Philip
de
Marke
,
the
castels
of
Peke
and
Notingham
,
Notinghamshire
and
Derbyshire
.
Gigelard
de
Siconia
kept
Windsore
and
Odhiam
,
which
for
the
most
part
the
king
receiued
to
his
hands
.
Hol.
pag.
619.
Also
Hubert
de
Burgh
was
created
Earle
of
Kent
,
and
chiefe
Iustice
of
England
,
who
tooke
to
wife
the
king
of
Scots
sister
.
The
yeare
after
,
yoong
Rees
sonne
to
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
departed
out
of
this
world
,
being
a
lustie
gentleman
,
and
endued
with
manie
notable
vertues
,
and
was
buried
at
Stratflur
,
whose
inheritance
Lhewelyn
diuided
betweene
his
brother
Owen
,
and
his
vncle
Maelgon
.
The
yeare
after
Christes
incarnation
1223.
1223
William
Marshall
came
from
Ireland
,
Hol.
pag.
622.
and
landed
at
S.
Dauids
with
a
great
armie
,
and
shortlie
after
laid
siege
to
Aberteiui
and
got
it
,
and
from
thence
marched
to
Caermardhin
,
and
likewise
got
the
same
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
423.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
114.
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
,
at
what
time
William
Marshall
Earle
of
Penbrooke
prosecuted
the
warres
in
Ireland
against
the
kings
enimies
there
,
tooke
by
force
two
castels
in
Wales
belonging
to
the
said
Earle
,
putting
all
his
men
which
kept
the
same
to
the
sword
,
and
fortifieng
the
same
with
a
garrison
of
his
owne
men
in
either
of
them
,
departed
home
againe
:
whereof
when
the
said
Earle
was
aduertised
,
he
returned
from
Ireland
with
all
spéed
,
and
recouering
his
castels
againe
,
vsed
the
same
courtesie
towards
Lhewelyns
men
that
he
had
shewed
to
his
:
and
then
entring
further
into
the
Princes
countrie
,
destroied
all
before
him
as
he
went.
These
newes
comming
to
Lhewelyns
eares
did
sore
offend
him
:
wherevpon
he
sent
Gruffyth
his
sonne
with
a
power
of
men
to
staie
the
Earle
for
passing
further
.
Then
Gruffyth
went
to
Cydweli
,
and
vnderstanding
that
the
Burgesses
of
the
towne
meant
to
betraie
him
,
burned
the
towne
,
churches
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
423.
and
all
to
the
earth
.
Then
William
Marshall
passed
the
riuer
Tywy
at
Caermardhin
,
where
Gruffyth
met
with
him
,
Matt.
Paris
saith
,
that
the
Earle
had
the
victorie
,
and
that
there
were
slaine
and
taken
of
the
Welshmen
9000.
persons
.
&
gaue
him
battell
,
which
was
verie
doubtfull
and
endured
vntill
night
,
and
then
either
partie
withdrew
themselues
,
and
the
riuer
betwixt
.
And
after
they
had
laien
so
certen
daies
,
Gruffyth
for
lacke
of
victuals
(
for
his
men
which
were
about
9000.
persons
)
returned
back
,
and
the
Earle
went
to
Cilgerran
,
and
began
to
build
there
a
verie
strong
castell
.
Then
receiuing
letters
from
the
king
to
come
and
speake
with
him
,
he
went
to
the
court
by
sea
,
and
left
his
armie
to
continue
the
worke
he
had
begon
.
Then
the
king
and
the
archbishop
of
Canturburie
being
at
Ludlowe
sent
for
the
Prince
,
and
would
faine
haue
agreed
him
and
the
Earle
:
but
it
would
not
be
,
and
so
they
departed
.
And
when
the
Earle
would
haue
passed
to
Penbrooke
by
lande
,
with
the
strength
of
the
Earle
of
Derby
,
and
Henrie
Pygot
lord
of
Ewyas
,
the
Prince
sent
his
son
to
keepe
the
passage
at
Carnwylhion
,
&
he
himselfe
came
as
far
as
Mabedryd
.
Which
when
the
Erle
vnderstood
he
returned
backe
to
England
,
&
the
Prince
went
to
Northwales
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
425.
&
.
427.
Matth.
West
.
page
.
115.
Certeine
of
the
barons
also
misliking
the
rule
of
Hubert
de
Burgh
conspired
against
the
king
and
him
:
as
Randulph
Earle
of
Chester
,
William
de
Fortibus
Earle
of
Albemarle
,
Iohn
constable
of
Chester
,
Foulke
de
Breant
,
Hugh
de
Veteri
ponte
,
Bryan
Lysle
,
Patrike
de
Malo
lacu
,
Philip
Marke
,
and
William
lord
de
Cantilupo
.
But
the
matter
was
appeased
,
Matt.
Paris
,
page
.
428.
Matt.
Paris
,
page
.
439.
and
the
king
got
the
castell
of
Bedford
by
long
siege
,
wherein
was
William
de
Breant
brother
to
Foulke
.
About
this
time
died
William
de
longa
Spata
Earle
of
Salisburie
.
The
yeare
folowing
,
Sarancus
de
malo
Leone
deliuered
Rochell
to
the
French
king
.
Also
Foulke
de
Breant
was
at
this
time
banished
England
,
and
came
to
such
pouertie
that
he
begged
from
dore
to
dore
.
The
yeare
1226.
1226
Rees
Vachan
sonne
to
Rees
Gryc
did
take
his
father
prisoner
,
and
would
not
set
him
at
libertie
till
he
had
deliuered
him
the
castell
of
Lhanymdhyfri
.
At
this
time
died
Meredyth
archdecon
of
Caerdigan
,
sonne
to
prince
Rees
,
1228
and
was
buried
by
his
father
at
S.
Dauids
.
The
yeere
folowing
king
Henrie
came
with
a
great
armie
to
Wales
as
farre
as
Ceri
,
Matt.
Paris
,
pag.
468.
and
incamped
there
,
&
vpon
the
other
side
prince
Lhewelyn
called
to
him
all
the
power
of
Wales
,
and
incamped
not
farre
off
,
and
there
were
diuerse
great
skirmishes
,
and
chieflie
vpon
one
daie
the
most
part
of
both
armies
was
in
the
field
,
and
a
great
number
slaine
of
the
kings
men
.
At
which
time
William
de
Bruse
sonne
to
Reynald
was
taken
prisoner
,
who
offered
for
his
ransome
the
countrie
of
Buelht
,
and
a
great
summe
of
monie
beside
:
then
there
was
a
peace
concluded
betweene
the
king
and
the
Prince
,
wherevpon
the
Prince
came
to
the
king
,
and
did
honor
him
,
but
not
as
his
king
and
lord
,
and
euerie
partie
returned
home
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
468.
This
historie
is
somewhat
otherwise
laid
downe
by
Matthew
Paris
,
which
I
haue
thus
translated
out
of
the
same
author
.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
124.
About
the
same
time
,
those
souldiers
which
laie
in
garrison
in
the
castell
of
Mountgomery
,
went
out
with
some
of
their
neighbours
to
amend
a
certeine
passage
in
the
high
waie
,
leading
through
a
great
wood
thereby
,
where
the
Welshmen
were
woont
to
rob
and
slaie
such
as
trauelled
that
waie
:
and
comming
to
the
place
,
with
their
axes
and
other
weapons
began
to
fell
the
trées
,
and
to
cut
downe
the
bushes
;
whereby
the
waie
might
be
inlarged
.
Which
thing
when
the
Welshmen
vnderstood
,
they
came
with
a
great
power
,
and
setting
vpon
their
enimies
,
compelled
them
to
take
the
castell
for
their
defense
,
(
certeine
being
slaine
on
both
sides
)
and
then
casting
a
trench
about
the
same
,
laid
siege
vnto
it
.
This
being
quickelie
certified
vnto
Hubert
de
Burgh
chiefe
Iustice
of
England
,
to
whom
a
little
before
the
same
castell
and
honor
was
giuen
:
the
king
himselfe
with
conuenient
spéed
comming
raised
the
siege
,
and
when
his
whole
armie
came
to
him
,
(
for
few
soldiours
came
with
him
thither
)
he
went
to
the
said
wood
,
which
was
verie
large
,
being
fiue
miles
in
length
,
and
by
reason
of
the
thicke
growth
of
the
same
verie
hard
to
be
stocked
:
howbeit
the
king
caused
the
same
with
great
diligence
and
trauell
to
be
asserted
and
consumed
with
fire
.
Then
leading
his
armie
further
into
the
countrie
,
he
came
to
an
abbeie
of
white
moonks
called
Cridia
,
being
a
refuge
for
the
Welshmen
to
flie
vnto
,
which
he
caused
to
be
burnt
to
ashes
;
where
Hubert
de
Burgh
(
to
whome
the
place
seemed
verie
fit
for
fortification
)
hauing
the
assent
of
the
king
,
caused
a
castell
to
be
builded
.
But
or
euer
the
worke
was
finished
,
manie
were
slaine
on
both
sides
:
and
William
de
Bruse
a
noble
warriour
,
who
went
out
to
make
prouision
for
the
armie
,
was
taken
by
the
Welshmen
,
and
cast
in
prison
:
and
diuerse
other
went
out
for
the
like
purpose
,
whereof
one
being
knighted
a
few
daies
before
,
seing
some
of
his
felowes
in
danger
and
like
to
be
distressed
,
rushed
boldlie
into
the
middest
of
his
enimies
,
killing
manie
about
him
,
who
in
the
end
with
manie
other
of
the
kings
men
was
there
slaine
.
Manie
also
of
the
kings
〈◊〉
soldiours
being
confederate
with
prince
Lhewelyn
,
did
verie
faintlie
defend
his
cause
with
whom
they
came
thither
.
Wherevpon
the
king
wanting
necessarie
prouision
,
and
perceiuing
the
double
dealing
of
some
of
his
owne
men
,
was
constrained
to
conclude
a
dishonorable
peace
with
the
Welshmen
,
giuing
his
assent
that
the
castell
,
which
with
so
great
expenses
of
men
and
monie
was
now
almost
finished
,
should
be
rased
at
his
owne
charges
,
taking
of
prince
Lhewelyn
thrée
thousand
pounds
towards
the
same
.
The
peace
being
thus
confirmed
both
parties
departed
homeward
.
So
the
king
of
England
,
after
that
he
had
bestowed
thrée
moneths
in
the
building
of
the
said
castell
,
and
disbursed
an
infinite
summe
of
monie
in
vaine
,
leauing
William
de
Bruse
one
of
his
nobles
in
the
Princes
prison
,
returned
home
with
great
slaine
of
his
honor
.
The
name
also
which
Hubert
the
chiefe
Iustice
had
giuen
to
the
castell
at
the
beginning
of
the
building
,
calling
it
Huberts
folie
,
Stultitia
Huberti
.
did
now
mooue
manie
to
laugh
at
the
thing
,
who
séeing
that
costlie
and
sumptuous
building
,
to
be
made
equall
with
the
ground
,
said
that
Hubert
was
a
prophet
and
more
than
a
prophet
.
Thus
farre
out
of
Matthew
Paris
.
Shortlie
after
this
,
there
fell
a
great
variance
betweene
the
king
and
Richard
Earle
of
Cornwale
his
brother
,
where
great
partaking
was
on
either
side
.
These
lords
held
with
Richard
,
Randulph
Earle
of
Chester
,
William
Marshall
Earle
of
Penbrooke
,
Gilbert
Earle
of
Glocester
,
William
Earle
Warren
,
Henrie
Earle
of
Hereford
,
William
Earle
Ferrers
,
and
William
Earle
of
Warwick
.
But
this
debate
was
soone
taken
vp
and
finished
,
the
king
and
his
brother
being
made
freends
.
In
the
yeere
1230.
1230
Henrie
made
a
iournie
to
France
,
to
recouer
againe
that
which
his
father
had
lost
:
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
485.
from
whence
he
returned
backe
againe
without
dooing
any
good
.
At
this
time
Lhewelyn
the
sonne
of
Maelgon
died
in
Northwales
,
and
was
buried
at
Conwey
.
Prince
Lhewhelyn
caused
William
Bruse
to
be
hanged
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
488.
Matt.
West
.
pag.
128.
being
(
as
it
was
reported
)
taken
in
adulterie
with
his
wife
,
who
was
the
sister
of
king
Henrie
.
Also
Gilbert
of
Clare
Earle
of
Glocester
died
,
whose
wife
afterward
married
Richard
Earle
of
Cornwale
,
and
the
king
gaue
the
wardship
of
his
sonne
to
the
Earle
of
Kent
.
Likewise
Maelgon
sonne
to
prince
Rees
died
at
this
time
,
and
was
buried
at
Stratflur
,
whose
patrimonie
yoong
Maelgon
his
sonne
inherited
after
his
father
.
1231
The
yeare
ensuing
,
William
Marshall
Earle
of
Penbrooke
died
,
and
Richard
his
brother
enioied
his
inheritance
.
Hol.
pag.
638.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
492.
This
yeare
the
king
lead
a
great
armie
to
Wales
,
&
after
he
had
remained
in
the
Marches
a
while
,
he
returned
to
England
,
and
left
Hubert
de
Burgh
Earle
of
Kent
with
his
armie
to
defend
the
Marches
,
&
he
by
spies
vnderstood
where
certeine
Welshmen
entred
the
Marches
to
spoile
,
and
set
vpon
them
by
Mountgomery
,
&
slew
a
great
number
of
them
.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
131.
Then
the
Prince
being
therwith
sore
offended
gathered
an
armie
,
and
to
reuenge
his
men
,
entring
the
Marches
with
fire
&
sword
,
slew
all
that
withstood
him
,
and
burned
the
castels
with
the
garrisons
without
mercie
:
and
first
the
castell
of
Mountgomery
,
for
the
Earle
withdrew
himselfe
for
feare
.
Then
the
castell
of
Radnor
,
Aberhodni
,
Rayader
Gwy
,
&
so
he
went
through
Gwentland
to
Caerlhêon
,
and
after
long
fight
and
losse
of
manie
of
his
men
,
got
the
towne
,
and
left
nothing
therein
but
ashes
.
The
like
he
did
with
the
castels
of
Neth
and
Cydwely
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
492.
Therefore
the
king
caused
the
Prince
to
be
denounced
accursed
,
and
came
to
Hereford
with
a
mightie
armie
,
and
sent
a
great
number
of
his
nobles
with
the
most
part
of
his
armie
to
Wales
,
who
using
the
direction
of
a
frier
of
Cymer
,
met
with
a
number
of
Welshmen
,
which
at
the
first
encounter
fled
,
whome
the
Englishmen
folowed
to
the
straits
,
where
the
ambushments
laie
,
which
fell
vpon
them
and
slew
a
great
number
of
the
best
soldiours
,
and
the
rest
escaped
with
fleeing
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag
,
493.
Therefore
the
king
would
haue
burned
the
house
of
Cymer
,
but
the
Prior
paid
300.
markes
,
and
the
king
returned
to
England
after
he
had
built
the
castell
of
Mawd.
In
the
meane
time
of
this
,
Maelgon
the
sonne
of
Maelgon
ap
Rees
laid
siege
do
Aberteiui
and
got
the
towne
,
and
destroied
it
to
the
castell
gates
,
slaieng
all
the
inhabitants
.
And
shortlie
after
he
returned
with
his
coosen
Owen
sonne
to
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
,
with
certaine
of
the
Princes
captaines
,
and
brake
downe
the
bridge
vpon
the
riuer
Teiui
,
and
laid
siege
to
the
castell
,
and
with
engines
and
mines
threw
downe
the
same
,
and
then
returned
home
with
much
honor
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
502.
The
next
yeare
to
this
,
prince
Lhewelyn
entred
into
England
,
and
returned
with
a
rich
spoile
of
goods
,
cattell
,
and
men
.
Therfore
the
king
feased
a
subsidie
to
subdue
the
Welshmen
.
Hubert
de
Burgh
was
at
this
time
accused
vpon
certeine
articles
,
Hol.
pag.
640
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
507.
and
committed
to
prison
.
Randulph
Earle
of
Chester
and
Lincolne
died
the
same
yeare
,
and
Iohn
his
sister
sonne
(
by
the
brother
of
the
Scottish
king
)
was
Earle
of
Chester
after
him
,
Hol.
pag.
622.
who
tooke
to
wife
the
daughter
of
prince
Lhewelyn
:
and
an
other
of
his
nephues
had
the
Earldome
of
Lincolne
.
Also
Ephraim
bishop
of
Lhanelwy
died
.
About
the
same
time
Iohn
de
Bruse
falling
off
his
horsse
,
his
foote
sticking
fast
in
the
sturope
and
the
horsse
taile
,
was
drawen
by
his
owne
horsse
till
he
died
miserablie
.
The
summer
following
Richard
Earle
of
Cornwall
fortified
the
castell
of
Radnor
,
which
the
Prince
had
latelie
destroied
.
Shortlie
after
that
,
Prince
Lhewelyn
came
with
an
armie
to
Brechnock
,
and
destroied
all
the
townes
and
castels
in
the
countrie
:
and
laie
a
moneth
at
the
siege
of
the
castell
of
Brechnock
,
but
yet
went
without
it
,
and
burning
the
towne
,
returned
homeward
with
a
great
bootie
.
In
his
iournie
by
the
waie
he
burned
the
towne
of
Clunn
,
and
recouered
all
the
countrie
called
Dyffryn
Teueidiat
(
which
was
of
the
possession
of
Iohn
Fitzalan
)
but
he
cold
not
get
the
castell
.
1233
After
that
he
ouerthrew
the
Reddecastell
in
Powys
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
134.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
517.
and
burned
the
towne
of
Oswestree
,
and
so
came
home
.
About
this
time
Richard
Marshall
Earle
of
Penbrooke
fell
at
debate
with
the
king
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
518.
who
with
Hubert
de
Burgh
that
brake
out
of
the
castell
of
Deuises
came
to
Wales
,
and
ioined
with
the
Prince
against
the
king
.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
137.
Matthew
of
Westminster
doth
write
,
that
Hubert
de
Burgh
then
prisoner
in
the
castell
of
Deuises
,
being
admonished
that
Peter
bishop
of
Winchester
purposed
to
famish
him
in
the
said
castell
,
escaped
ouer
the
wall
and
tooke
sanctuarie
;
out
of
the
which
he
was
violentlie
taken
by
the
kéepers
of
the
castell
:
but
by
the
meanes
of
the
bishop
of
Sarum
(
within
whose
diocese
the
same
was
)
he
was
restored
againe
to
the
sanctuarie
,
and
within
a
while
after
fetched
awaie
by
a
power
of
armed
men
,
being
the
fréends
of
the
Earle
Marshall
,
and
brought
into
Wales
,
where
he
ioined
himselfe
to
the
kings
enimies
.
Then
the
Earle
with
Owen
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
came
to
Meneuia
or
S.
Dauids
,
and
killed
and
spoiled
all
the
kings
seruants
and
freends
within
the
towne
.
Also
Maelgon
&
Rees
Gryc
,
with
the
power
of
the
prince
ioined
with
them
,
who
in
that
viage
wanne
all
these
castels
,
Caerdyff
,
Abergeuennie
,
Pencelhy
,
Blaynlhefyni
,
and
Bwlch
y
Dinas
,
which
they
rased
all
,
sauing
Caerdyff
.
Then
the
king
gathered
a
wonderfull
great
armie
aswell
Flemings
,
Normanes
,
and
Gascoines
,
as
Englishmen
,
and
entred
Wales
,
thinking
to
destroie
the
whole
countrie
,
and
encamped
at
Grosmont
,
where
the
Earle
with
the
power
of
Wales
encamped
hard
by
him
.
And
as
the
kings
men
would
haue
entred
further
they
were
met
withall
,
and
lost
500.
horsse
,
whervpon
the
king
had
aduise
to
returne
home
,
and
so
he
did
.
After
whose
departure
the
Earle
with
the
power
aforesaid
lay
before
Caermardhyn
three
moneths
;
but
it
was
so
manfullie
defended
that
they
could
not
come
by
it
.
And
at
last
there
came
in
the
kings
ships
,
and
manned
and
victualed
the
towne
afresh
,
wherefore
they
raised
the
siege
and
departed
.
Within
a
while
after
Rees
Gryc
sonne
to
the
lord
or
prince
Rees
died
at
Lhandeilo
vawr
,
and
was
buried
honorablie
besides
his
father
at
S.
Dauids
.
Then
Maelgon
Vachan
sonne
to
Maelgon
ap
Rees
finished
the
castell
of
Trefilan
which
his
father
had
begon
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
518.
The
Earle
Marshall
vnderstanding
that
the
bishop
of
Winchester
had
with
a
thousand
markes
of
monie
wonne
from
him
to
the
kings
part
the
Earles
of
Chester
and
Lincolne
,
made
a
firme
league
with
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
,
and
other
nobles
of
that
countrie
,
swearing
among
themselues
,
that
none
of
them
should
grow
to
anie
agreement
with
the
king
without
his
confederats
.
Wherevpon
the
king
sent
to
Flanders
and
other
countries
beyond
the
sea
for
aid
:
to
whom
Baldwyn
Earle
of
Gysnes
came
with
a
great
armie
to
Glocester
.
Also
manie
Poictouins
came
to
him
by
the
procurement
of
the
said
bishop
,
who
was
that
countrieman
himselfe
.
1231
In
the
yeare
of
Christ
1234.
Iohn
lord
Monumetensis
a
noble
warrior
,
captaine
of
the
kings
armie
,
being
made
Warden
of
the
Marches
of
Wales
,
leuied
a
power
,
and
came
against
the
Earle
Marshall
and
the
Welshmen
:
but
when
he
had
once
entred
Wales
he
came
backe
in
post
,
leauing
his
men
for
the
most
part
slaine
and
taken
behind
him
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
526.
Polydorus
virg.
lib.
16.
This
historie
is
laid
downe
by
Matthew
Paris
after
this
manner
.
About
the
feast
of
S.
Iohn
Baptist
,
Iohn
of
Monmouth
a
noble
and
expert
warrior
,
who
was
with
the
king
in
his
warres
in
Wales
,
gathered
a
great
armie
,
meaning
to
inuade
the
Earle
Marshall
at
vnawares
;
but
he
being
certified
of
the
same
,
hid
himselfe
in
a
certaine
wood
,
by
the
which
laie
the
waie
of
his
enimies
,
Fallere
fallentem
non
est
fraus
.
intending
to
deceiue
them
,
who
went
about
to
serue
him
after
the
same
sort
.
When
the
enimies
therfore
came
to
the
place
where
the
ambush
was
,
the
Earle
Marshals
armie
gaue
a
great
shout
,
and
so
set
vpon
their
enimies
being
vnprouided
,
and
suddenlie
put
them
all
to
flight
,
slaieng
an
infinite
number
of
them
aswell
Poictouins
,
as
other
.
Iohn
of
Monmouth
himselfe
escaped
by
flight
,
whose
countrie
with
the
villages
,
buildings
,
and
all
that
he
had
therein
the
Earle
Marshall
did
spoile
and
destroie
with
fire
and
sword
,
and
left
him
nothing
at
all
,
and
then
returned
with
rich
spoiles
.
Afterward
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
527.
in
the
wéeke
after
the
Epiphanie
,
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
togither
with
the
Earle
Marshall
ioining
their
powers
,
and
entring
the
kings
land
,
destroied
all
with
fire
and
sword
,
from
the
confines
of
Wales
vnto
the
towne
of
Salop
,
which
they
also
tooke
,
and
burnt
a
great
part
thereof
,
and
then
returned
with
great
spoiles
.
The
king
of
England
,
being
all
this
while
with
the
bishop
of
Winchester
at
Glocester
,
little
regarding
warre
,
who
for
want
of
sufficient
strength
for
the
warre
,
durst
not
méete
his
enimies
in
the
field
,
but
being
ashamed
of
the
matter
,
departed
towards
Winchester
,
leauing
the
Marches
to
be
destroied
by
the
enimies
,
as
anie
man
might
sée
.
The
same
yeare
Richard
Earle
of
Penbrooke
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
533.
by
the
counsell
of
Geffrey
de
Marisco
went
with
an
armie
to
Ireland
,
where
he
was
slaine
in
fight
by
treason
of
his
owne
men
,
after
whom
his
brother
Gilbert
inherited
his
lands
.
In
that
time
the
king
sent
the
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
Matt.
Paris
,
page
.
540.
with
the
bishops
of
Rochester
and
Chester
,
to
intreate
with
prince
Lhewelyn
for
to
make
peace
with
the
king
,
but
they
returned
without
doing
of
anie
good
.
Matt.
Paris
.
Matthew
Paris
saith
this
.
The
king
at
this
time
going
to
méet
Edmond
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
and
the
other
Bishops
which
he
had
sent
to
conclude
a
peace
with
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
,
came
to
Woodstocke
,
where
being
certified
of
the
death
of
the
Earle
Marshall
(
by
certeine
messengers
which
came
from
Ireland
)
he
fell
into
great
wéeping
and
sorrowe
for
the
death
of
so
valiant
a
knight
:
affirming
withall
,
that
he
had
not
least
his
péere
behind
him
in
the
realme
.
A
peace
concluded
betwixt
Lhewelyn
and
king
Henrie
.
From
thence
he
went
to
Glocester
,
where
the
said
Archbishop
and
bishops
comming
to
him
,
declared
the
treatie
and
forme
of
peace
taken
betwéene
him
and
the
said
Lhewelyn
:
yet
neuerthelesse
vpon
this
condition
,
that
the
noble
men
of
England
,
which
were
confederates
with
the
said
Lhewelyn
,
and
by
euill
counsell
were
exiled
,
should
first
be
reconciled
to
the
king
,
whereby
the
said
peace
might
be
more
firme
and
stable
.
Moreouer
the
Archbishop
said
,
that
with
much
a
doo
they
had
brought
the
matter
to
that
passe
,
adding
sometimes
threatnings
on
the
kings
behalfe
with
his
clergie
,
to
the
which
threatnings
the
said
Lhewelyn
is
reported
to
haue
answered
,
that
he
more
regarded
the
kings
almes-déeds
,
and
his
godlie
behauiour
,
than
he
did
feare
his
warre
with
all
his
clergie
.
The
barons
called
home
and
pardoned
.
Then
the
king
(
who
wished
peace
with
all
his
heart
)
caused
by
his
letters
all
the
nobles
that
were
outlawed
,
to
be
called
againe
vnto
him
to
Glocester
,
the
sundaie
before
the
Ascension
daie
next
following
,
to
haue
their
pardons
,
and
to
receiue
their
inheritance
which
the
king
had
seased
into
his
owne
hands
.
Then
Hubert
de
Burgh
Earle
of
Kent
came
to
the
king
and
obteined
his
fauour
,
whom
the
king
reuerentlie
imbrased
and
kissed
.
Prince
Lhewelyn
also
this
yeare
set
Gruffyth
his
sonne
at
libertie
,
whom
he
had
kept
in
prison
sixe
yeares
for
his
disobedience
.
At
the
same
time
died
Robert
Fitzwater
,
who
as
Matthew
Paris
saith
,
H.
Lhoyd
.
Matt.
Paris
.
had
a
stone
about
his
necke
of
such
vertue
,
that
he
could
not
die
as
long
as
it
was
there
.
Also
Roger
de
Somerie
died
;
and
Cadwalhon
ap
Maelgon
of
Melienyth
.
The
yeare
after
died
Owen
sonne
to
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
,
being
a
noble
Gentleman
,
and
verie
well
beloued
,
and
was
buried
by
his
brother
Rees
at
Stratflur
.
King
Henrie
about
this
time
tooke
to
wife
the
second
daughter
of
the
Earle
of
Prouince
called
Elianor
.
And
Frederike
the
Emperour
maried
Isabel
sister
to
king
Henrie
.
The
yeare
after
,
Madoc
the
sonne
of
Gruffyth
Maylor
lord
of
the
lower
Powys
or
Bromfield
,
Chirke
,
and
Yale
,
a
man
verie
iust
and
mercifull
,
died
and
was
buried
honourablie
at
the
abbie
of
Lhan
Egwest
,
or
Vale
Crucis
,
which
he
had
built
,
and
leaft
behind
him
a
sonne
named
Gruffyth
to
inherit
his
lands
.
Also
Owen
ap
Meredyth
ap
Rotpert
of
Cydewen
departed
out
of
this
world
.
The
same
yeare
Gilbert
Erle
of
Penbrooke
by
treason
got
the
castell
of
Morgan
ap
Howel
,
called
Marchen
,
and
fortified
it
verie
strong
for
feare
of
the
Prince
.
Then
the
Earles
of
Cornewall
and
Penbrooke
tooke
the
crosse
.
1237
The
next
spring
died
Ione
daughter
to
king
Iohn
,
princesse
of
Wales
,
and
was
buried
vpon
the
sea
shoare
within
the
Ile
of
Anglesey
,
at
Lhanuaes
,
as
hir
pleasure
was
,
where
the
Prince
did
build
a
house
of
barefoote
Friers
ouer
hir
graue
.
Then
also
died
Iohn
Scot
Erle
of
Chester
without
issue
,
therefore
the
king
seased
that
Earldome
to
his
owne
hands
.
Because
the
Earles
of
Chester
were
men
of
great
possessions
in
Wales
,
and
had
much
warre
with
the
princes
of
Northwales
,
I
thinke
it
conuenient
for
the
better
vnderstanding
of
this
historie
,
to
laie
downe
a
briefe
Catalog
of
the
descents
of
the
same
Earles
in
order
,
from
the
conquest
to
this
Iohn
Scot
which
was
the
last
of
them
.
HVgh
Lupus
the
sonne
of
Richard
Earle
of
Auranges
Uicount
of
Abonica
,
and
of
Margaret
the
daughter
of
Harlowine
a
noble
man
in
Normandie
,
who
maried
Arlet
the
daughter
of
a
burgesse
in
Falois
,
which
was
also
mother
to
William
Conquerour
,
came
to
England
with
the
said
Conquerour
,
and
was
by
him
created
Erle
of
Chester
,
and
sword-bearer
of
England
,
with
these
words
:
Habendum
&
tenendum
dictum
comitatum
Caestriae
sibi
&
haeredibus
suis
,
ita
liberè
ad
gladium
sicut
ipse
rex
totam
tenebat
Angliam
ad
coronam
;
that
is
,
To
haue
and
to
hold
the
said
countie
of
Chester
to
him
and
his
heires
by
right
of
the
sword
,
so
fréelie
as
the
king
held
the
realme
of
England
in
the
right
of
the
crowne
.
Hugh
being
established
in
the
possession
of
the
Earldome
,
with
most
large
priuiledges
and
fréedoms
,
ordained
vnder
him
(
for
the
better
gouernment
of
the
said
countie
)
foure
Barons
,
Foure
barons
to
wit
:
The
first
,
[
](A17946-e105750-b)1
1
Halton
.
Nigell
or
Neal
his
coosen
Baron
of
Halton
,
Constable
and
Marshall
of
Chester
,
by
condition
of
seruice
to
lead
the
Uauntgard
of
the
Earles
armie
when
he
should
make
anie
iournie
into
Wales
;
so
as
the
said
Baron
should
be
the
formost
in
marching
into
the
enimies
countrie
,
and
the
last
in
comming
backe
:
of
him
the
Lacyes
Earles
of
Lincolne
descended
.
The
second
,
[
](A17946-e105840-b)2
2
Nantwich
.
Piers
Malebanke
Baron
of
Nantwich
.
The
Third
,
[
](A17946-e105880-b)3
3
Malpas
.
Eustace
Baron
of
Malpas
.
The
fourth
,
Warren
Vernoun
Baron
of
Shipbrooke
.
[
](A17946-e105940-b)4
4
Shipbroke
.
This
Hugh
Lupus
conuerted
the
church
of
S.
Werburgh
to
an
Abbeie
:
and
died
An
1102.
after
he
had
ruled
that
Earldome
fourtie
years
leauing
issue
behind
him
Richard
,
Robert
Abbot
of
Burie
,
and
Otuell
tutor
to
the
children
of
king
Henrie
the
first
.
Richard
Lupus
the
sonne
of
Hugh
Lupus
,
being
the
second
Earle
of
Chester
after
the
Conquest
,
was
but
seuen
yeare
old
when
he
was
Earle
,
he
maried
Mawd
the
daughter
of
Stephen
Earle
of
Bloys
Charters
and
Champaigne
,
being
the
sister
of
king
Stephen
;
he
with
his
brother
Otuell
after
he
had
béen
Earle
of
Chester
xvij
.
yeares
was
drowned
at
Godwin-sands
comming
from
Normandie
with
the
children
of
king
Henrie
the
first
,
in
the
yeare
of
Christ
.
1120.
Randulph
Meschines
alias
de
Bohun
,
the
sonne
of
Iohn
de
Bohun
,
and
of
Margaret
the
sister
of
Hugh
Lupus
,
succéeded
Richard
in
the
Earledome
of
Chester
as
coosen
&
next
heire
of
blood
to
him
,
being
the
third
erle
of
Chester
after
the
conquest
:
he
maried
Mawd
the
daughter
of
Aubrey
de
Vere
Earle
of
Gisnes
,
by
whom
he
had
issue
Randulph
surnamed
Vernounes
(
bicause
he
was
borne
at
Vernoune
castell
)
and
died
An.
1130.
after
that
he
had
béene
Earle
about
eight
yeares
.
Randulph
Bohun
his
sonne
succéeded
his
father
being
the
fourth
Earle
of
Chester
after
the
Conquest
,
who
maried
Alicia
the
daughter
of
Robert
Earle
of
Glocester
base
sonne
to
king
Henrie
the
first
,
by
whom
he
had
issue
Hugh
Cyuelioc
(
so
called
of
that
countrie
of
Powys
wherein
he
was
borne
)
and
died
An.
1158.
When
he
had
béene
Earle
nine
and
twentie
yeares
.
Hugh
Bohun
alias
Keuelock
or
rather
Cyuelioc
,
being
the
fift
Earle
of
Chester
after
the
Conquest
,
maried
Beatrice
the
daughter
of
Richard
Lucie
lord
chiefe
Iustice
of
England
,
by
whom
he
had
issue
Randulph
,
and
foure
daughters
;
Mawd
maried
to
Dauid
Earle
of
Anguis
and
Huntington
lord
of
Galloway
:
Mabill
maried
to
William
Daubney
Earle
of
Arundell
:
Agnes
maried
to
William
Ferrers
Erle
of
Derby
,
and
Hawys
maried
to
Robert
Quincy
a
Baron
of
great
honor
,
who
was
in
hir
right
after
hir
brothers
death
Earle
of
Lincolne
,
and
after
him
she
was
maried
to
sir
Warren
Bostock
.
This
Hugh
was
Earle
of
Chester
28.
yeares
,
&
died
about
the
yeare
1182.
Randulph
Bohun
alias
Blandeuill
,
so
called
,
bicause
he
was
borne
in
Powys
,
in
a
towne
named
Album
monasterium
,
succéded
his
father
being
the
sixt
Earle
of
Chester
after
the
Conquest
:
who
was
also
Earle
of
Lincolne
,
as
coosen
and
next
heire
vnto
William
Romare
Earle
of
Lincolne
,
the
second
brother
of
Randulph
Meschines
the
third
Earle
of
Chester
after
the
Conquest
.
He
was
thrice
maried
,
first
to
Constance
the
daughter
and
heire
of
Conan
Erle
of
Brytaine
and
Richmond
,
being
the
widow
of
Geffrey
the
third
son
of
king
Henrie
the
second
,
and
the
mother
of
Arthur
Erle
of
Brytaine
:
from
whom
afterward
he
was
diuorsed
,
and
then
maried
a
ladie
named
Clemence
daughter
to
the
Earle
Ferrers
:
after
whose
decease
he
tooke
to
his
third
wife
Margaret
daughter
to
Humfrey
de
Bohun
Earle
of
Hereford
,
Essex
,
and
Constable
of
England
.
Nuerthelesse
he
neuer
had
issue
by
anie
of
those
his
wiues
,
and
therefore
the
Earledome
of
Chester
and
his
lands
in
Northwales
after
his
death
descended
to
Iohn
surnamed
Scot
,
his
sister
Mawdes
sonne
by
Dauid
Earle
of
Anguis
and
Huntington
.
The
manour
of
Barrow
with
500.
pound
lands
came
to
Mabill
:
the
Earldome
of
Lincolne
to
Hawyse
:
the
castell
and
manour
of
Chartley
and
(
as
I
thinke
)
his
possessions
in
Powys
to
Agnes
.
This
Randulph
atchieued
manie
enterprises
against
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
,
but
one
time
méeting
with
the
said
Prince
,
and
being
too
weake
to
encounter
with
him
,
he
was
driuen
to
retire
backe
to
the
castell
of
Ruthlan
,
wherein
the
said
Prince
besieged
him
:
wherevpon
he
was
faine
to
send
to
Roger
Lacie
Constable
of
Chester
,
to
come
to
his
succors
in
that
extremitie
.
Lacie
calling
his
fréends
vnto
him
,
requested
them
to
make
as
manie
men
as
they
could
,
and
to
go
with
him
,
to
deliuer
the
Earle
out
of
the
danger
of
his
enimies
:
at
whose
request
Ralph
Dutton
his
son
in
law
,
being
a
lustie
youth
,
assembled
togither
all
the
plaiers
,
musicians
,
and
merie
companions
within
the
citie
(
being
then
the
Faire
time
)
and
came
to
the
Constable
,
who
forthwith
went
to
Ruthlan
,
raised
the
siege
,
and
deliuered
the
Earle
from
danger
.
In
recompense
of
which
seruice
,
the
Earle
gaue
vnto
his
Constable
diuerse
fréedoms
and
priuiledges
,
and
granted
vnto
the
said
Dutton
the
ruling
and
ordering
of
all
the
plaiers
and
musicians
within
that
countie
,
which
his
heire
enioieth
euen
to
this
daie
.
This
Earle
builded
the
castels
of
Charteley
and
Beeston
,
&
the
abbie
of
Dalacrosse
.
He
died
about
the
yeare
of
Christ
1232.
when
he
had
béene
Earle
51.
yeares
.
Iohn
Scot
was
in
the
right
of
Mawd
his
mother
the
eldest
sister
,
and
one
of
the
heires
of
Randulph
Blandeuile
,
the
seuenth
Earle
of
Chester
,
he
had
great
warres
with
Lhewelyn
ap
Iorwerth
prince
of
Wales
;
but
in
the
end
peace
being
made
betwixt
them
,
the
Earle
for
further
confirmation
of
the
same
,
maried
Iane
the
Princes
daughter
,
neuerthelesse
he
died
without
issue
,
leauing
foure
sisters
his
heires
.
Margaret
maried
to
Alan
de
Galawey
,
by
whom
she
had
a
daughter
named
Derngold
,
the
mother
of
Iohn
Baliol
king
of
Scotland
:
Isabel
maried
to
Robert
Breux
:
Mawd
,
who
died
without
issue
,
and
Alicia
maried
to
Henrie
Hastings
;
to
the
which
sisters
the
king
gaue
other
lands
,
and
tooke
the
said
Earldome
into
his
owne
hands
,
Quia
noluit
tam
praeclaram
dominationem
diuidi
inter
colos
.
In
the
yeare
1237.
1237
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
,
called
all
the
Lords
and
Barons
of
Wales
before
him
to
Stratflur
,
and
there
euerie
one
of
them
swore
to
be
faithfull
subiects
,
and
did
homage
to
Dauid
Lhewelyns
sonne
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
584.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
154.
At
this
time
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
,
being
impotent
(
by
reason
of
a
palsie
which
had
taken
him
)
and
sore
vexed
and
disquieted
by
his
sonne
Gruffyth
,
sent
Ambassadors
to
the
king
,
to
signifie
vnto
him
,
that
for
as
much
as
his
yeares
were
now
welnigh
spent
,
he
was
desirous
to
lead
the
rest
of
his
daies
in
peace
and
quietnes
:
and
therefore
purposed
now
to
submit
himselfe
to
the
gouernment
and
protection
of
the
king
of
England
,
and
that
he
would
hold
his
lands
of
him
:
promising
withall
,
that
when
soeuer
the
king
should
stand
in
néed
of
his
aid
,
he
would
be
readie
to
helpe
him
with
men
and
monie
,
to
the
vttermost
of
his
power
.
There
were
sent
as
mediators
in
this
behalfe
,
the
bishops
of
Hereford
&
Chester
,
who
trauelled
about
the
same
,
with
the
good
liking
of
many
of
the
nobles
of
Wales
,
although
some
openlie
gainsaid
them
,
&
in
no
case
would
accept
anie
such
peace
.
Matt.
Paris
,
page
.
584.
Then
the
said
Dauid
tooke
from
his
brother
Gruffyth
,
Arustly
,
Ceri
,
Cyuelioc
,
Mowthwy
,
Mochnant
,
and
Caereneon
,
H.
Lhoyd
.
Matth.
West
.
page
.
154.
and
let
him
onelie
enioy
the
Cantref
of
Lhyyn
.
This
Gruffyth
was
the
elder
brother
and
a
lustie
gentleman
,
but
yet
base
borne
.
The
summer
folowing
,
the
Earle
of
Cornwale
,
and
William
de
longa
Spata
the
yoonger
tooke
their
viage
towards
the
holie
land
,
&
Simon
de
Monteforti
fled
from
France
to
England
,
to
whom
the
king
gaue
the
Stewardship
of
England
,
with
the
Erledome
of
Leicester
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag
703.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
154.
This
time
Dauid
sonne
to
prince
Lhewelyn
did
contrarie
to
his
oth
,
take
his
brother
Gruffyth
(
being
in
safeconduct
with
the
bishop
of
Bangor
)
vpon
whose
promise
he
was
content
to
speake
with
his
brother
,
and
imprisoned
him
in
the
castell
of
Crickieth
.
The
yeare
after
Christs
incarnation
1240.
1240
Lhewelyn
ap
Iorwerth
the
most
valiant
and
noble
prince
,
which
brought
all
Wales
to
his
subiection
,
and
had
so
often
put
his
enimies
to
flight
,
and
defended
his
countrie
,
enlarging
the
meares
thereof
further
than
they
had
beene
manie
yeares
before
,
passed
out
of
this
transitorie
life
,
and
was
honorablie
buried
at
the
Abbeie
of
Conwey
,
after
he
had
gouerned
Wales
well
and
worthilie
fiftie
and
sixe
yeares
.
This
prince
left
behind
him
one
sonne
called
Dauid
begotten
vpon
his
wife
Ione
daughter
to
king
Iohn
of
England
,
by
whom
also
he
had
a
daughter
called
Gladys
maried
to
six
Ralph
Mortimer
.
Also
he
had
another
sonne
called
Gruffyth
,
whom
his
brother
wrongfullie
kept
in
close
prison
as
long
as
he
liued
,
as
shal
be
hereafter
declared
.
Dauid
ap
Lhewelyn
.
Dauid
the
sonne
of
Lhewelyn
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
764.
When
Richard
bishop
of
Bangor
sawe
that
Dauid
dealt
so
hardlie
with
his
brother
Gruffyth
,
contrarie
to
his
faithfull
promise
made
vnto
the
said
bishop
,
he
excommunicated
him
,
and
then
withdrawing
himselfe
out
of
Wales
,
made
a
gréeuous
complaint
to
the
king
vpon
Dauid
,
most
instantlie
requesting
the
king
to
deliuer
Gruffyth
out
of
prison
,
least
the
rumor
of
that
fact
being
notified
in
the
court
of
Rome
,
and
other
countries
out
of
the
realme
,
should
be
some
staine
of
the
kings
honor
,
if
he
should
not
withstand
such
outragious
and
wilfull
dealings
.
The
king
therefore
greatlie
blaming
Dauid
his
nephue
for
the
abusing
of
his
brother
in
such
sort
as
he
did
:
requested
him
with
most
pithie
persuasions
to
set
his
brother
at
libertie
,
as
well
for
the
sauing
of
his
owne
credit
and
fame
,
as
also
for
the
auoiding
of
the
said
excommunication
,
and
other
imminent
dangers
which
might
ensue
of
that
matter
.
To
the
which
request
of
the
king
,
Dauid
answered
plainelie
that
he
would
not
deliuer
his
brother
out
of
prison
:
affirming
constantlie
,
that
if
his
brother
were
inlarged
,
the
countrie
of
Wales
would
be
in
great
disquietnes
.
Whereof
when
Gruffyth
was
certified
,
he
sendeth
priuilie
to
the
king
,
promising
that
if
he
would
forceablie
deliuer
him
out
of
his
brothers
prison
,
he
would
hold
his
lands
of
him
,
and
paie
him
two
hundereth
markes
yearelie
:
offering
not
onelie
to
be
sworne
vpon
this
,
and
to
deliuer
pledges
for
performance
thereof
,
but
also
to
aid
the
king
to
bring
the
rest
of
the
Welshmen
to
his
subiection
.
Further
,
Gruffyth
Lord
of
Bromfield
did
assure
the
king
of
aid
,
if
he
would
come
to
Wales
with
an
armie
,
to
chastise
Dauid
for
his
falsehood
and
iniurie
vsed
towards
his
brother
.
Moreouer
,
the
bishop
of
Bangor
(
being
more
desirous
to
be
reuenged
vpon
Dauid
in
an
other
mans
matter
,
than
carefull
to
feed
his
flocke
in
discharge
of
his
owne
dutie
)
sent
to
Rome
,
and
there
followed
the
matter
so
hard
,
that
the
Pope
excommunicated
Dauid
:
which
excommunication
was
denounced
accordinglie
,
and
his
land
interdicted
.
Now
king
Henrie
being
allured
with
these
promises
on
Gruffyths
behalfe
,
leauied
a
puisant
armie
to
go
into
Wales
;
straightlie
commanding
by
his
writs
all
such
as
ought
him
seruice
in
time
of
warre
,
to
giue
their
attendance
vpon
him
readie
with
horse
and
armor
at
Glocester
the
first
daie
of
August
folowing
,
to
set
forward
against
his
enimies
.
Whither
the
king
came
at
the
daie
appointed
,
and
from
thence
went
to
Salop
,
and
remained
there
fiftéene
daies
.
During
the
kings
abode
at
Salop
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
,
841.
diuers
noble
men
were
great
suters
vnto
him
in
the
behalfe
of
Gruffyth
,
as
Ralph
lord
Mortimer
of
Wigmore
,
Walter
Clifford
,
Roger
de
Monte
Alto
steward
of
Chester
,
Maelgon
the
sonne
of
Maelgon
,
Meredyth
ap
Rotpert
lord
of
Cydewen
,
Gruffyth
ap
Madoc
lord
of
Bromfield
,
Howel
and
Meredyth
the
sonnes
of
Conan
ap
Owen
Gwyneth
,
and
Gruffyth
the
sonne
of
Gwenwynwyn
lord
of
Powys
.
These
wrought
so
with
the
king
,
that
there
was
a
league
concluded
betwéene
him
and
Senena
the
wife
of
the
said
Gruffyth
,
in
the
behalfe
of
hir
husband
lieng
then
in
his
brothers
prison
,
according
to
the
articles
comprised
in
this
charter
folowing
.
Conuenit
inter
dominum
Henricum
tertium
regem
Anglorum
illustrem
ex
vna
parte
,
Articles
agreed
vpon
betweene
the
king
,
&
the
wife
of
Gruffyth
.
&
Senenam
vxorem
Gryffini
,
filij
Leolini
,
quondàm
principis
Northwalliae
,
quem
Dauid
frater
eius
tenet
carceri
mancipatum
,
cum
Owino
filio
suo
,
nomine
eiusdem
Gryffini
ex
altera
,
&c.
Articles
of
agreement
betweene
Henrie
the
third
of
that
name
,
king
of
England
of
the
one
partie
,
and
Senena
the
wife
of
Gruffyth
,
the
sonne
of
Lhewelyn
,
sometimes
Prince
of
Northwales
,
whom
Dauid
his
brother
deteineth
in
prison
,
with
Owen
his
sonne
,
in
the
name
of
the
said
Gruffyth
of
the
other
partie
.
IN
primis
,
the
said
Senena
vndertaketh
,
that
the
said
Gruffyth
hir
husband
will
giue
vnto
the
king
sixe
hundreth
markes
,
vpon
condition
that
the
king
doo
cause
the
said
Gruffyth
and
Owen
his
sonne
to
be
deliuered
from
the
prison
wherein
they
are
kept
,
and
will
stand
to
the
iudgement
of
the
kings
court
,
whether
by
law
he
ought
to
be
imprisoned
or
no.
Item
the
said
Gruffyth
and
his
heires
will
stand
to
the
iudgement
of
the
kings
court
,
for
and
concerning
that
portion
of
the
inheritance
of
the
said
Lhewelyn
his
father
,
which
of
right
ought
to
appertaine
vnto
him
.
Item
the
said
Senena
vndertaketh
for
the
said
Gruffyth
and
his
heires
,
that
the
said
Gruffyth
and
his
heirs
shall
yéeld
and
paie
yearelie
to
the
king
for
the
same
lands
,
the
summe
of
thrée
hundreth
markes
.
Whereof
the
first
third
part
to
be
paid
in
monie
,
the
second
in
kine
,
and
the
third
in
horses
,
by
the
estimation
of
indifferent
men
,
and
the
same
to
be
paid
yearelie
at
Michaelmas
and
Easter
by
euen
portions
,
by
the
hands
of
the
Shirife
of
the
countie
of
Salop
for
the
time
being
.
Item
the
said
Senena
vndertaketh
further
for
the
said
Gruffyth
and
his
heires
,
that
they
and
euerie
of
them
shall
obserue
the
peace
against
the
said
Dauid
,
and
suffer
him
quietlie
to
enioy
such
portion
of
his
fathers
inheritance
as
to
him
shall
be
found
to
be
due
.
Item
the
said
Senena
doth
further
vndertake
for
the
said
Gruffyth
hir
husband
and
his
heires
,
that
in
case
anie
Welshman
hereafter
shall
happen
to
rebell
against
the
king
,
they
at
their
owne
costes
and
charges
shall
compell
the
said
offender
to
make
satisfaction
to
the
king
for
his
disobedience
.
Item
for
the
performance
of
the
premisses
,
the
said
Senena
will
deliuer
vnto
the
lord
the
king
,
Dauid
and
Roderike
hir
sonnes
for
pledges
,
with
prouiso
that
if
the
said
Gruffyth
and
Owen
or
either
of
them
shall
happen
to
die
before
their
deliuerie
out
of
the
said
prison
,
it
shall
be
lawfull
for
the
said
Senena
to
haue
one
of
hir
sonnes
released
,
the
other
remaining
with
the
king
for
pledge
.
Item
the
said
Senena
hath
sworne
vpon
the
holie
Euangelist
,
that
the
said
Gruffyth
hir
husband
and
his
heires
,
and
euerie
of
them
shall
accomplish
and
performe
all
the
premisses
on
their
behalfe
;
&
further
vndertaketh
that
the
said
Gruffyth
hir
husband
,
vpon
his
deliuerie
out
of
prison
,
shall
take
the
same
oth
.
Item
the
said
Senena
in
the
name
of
the
said
Gruffyth
hir
husband
,
submitteth
hir selfe
concerning
the
obseruation
of
the
premisses
vnto
the
iurisdiction
of
the
reuerend
fathers
the
bishops
of
Hereford
and
Lichfield
,
so
that
the
said
bishops
or
either
of
them
at
the
kings
request
shall
compell
the
said
Gruffyth
and
his
heires
to
obserue
all
and
singular
the
premisses
on
their
behalfe
,
by
sentence
of
excommunication
vpon
their
persons
,
and
interdiction
vpon
their
lands
.
Lastlie
,
the
said
Senena
both
vndertake
and
promise
(
bona
fide
)
to
sée
and
procure
the
full
performance
of
all
the
premisses
,
and
that
the
said
Gruffyth
hir
husband
and
his
heires
shall
allow
and
performe
the
same
,
and
thereof
shall
deliuer
his
instrument
in
writing
to
the
king
in
forme
aforesaid
.
To
this
charter
both
parties
put
their
seales
,
Gruffyth
and
Senena
to
that
part
which
remained
with
the
king
,
and
the
king
to
that
part
which
remained
with
Senena
.
Moreouer
,
for
the
sure
performance
of
these
articles
,
the
said
Senena
,
for
and
in
the
name
of
hir
husband
,
put
in
for
pledges
the
aforenamed
noble
men
,
to
wit
,
Ralph
Mortimer
,
Walter
Clifford
,
Roger
de
monte
alto
,
&c.
Who
bound
themselues
by
their
seuerall
writings
obligatorie
to
the
king
,
in
maner
and
forme
following
.
Omnibus
hoc
scriptum
visuris
Rogerus
de
monte
alto
Senescallus
Cestriae
Salutem
:
Sciatis
quòd
ego
me
constitui
plegium
,
&c.
TO
all
and
singular
to
whome
this
writing
shall
come
,
Roger
de
monte
alto
Steward
of
Chester
sendeth
greeting
:
Know
yee
that
I
haue
constituted
my selfe
pledge
for
Senena
the
wife
of
Gruffyth
the
sonne
of
Lhewelyn
,
sometimes
prince
of
Northwales
,
and
haue
vndertaken
for
hir
to
our
souereigne
lord
Henrie
king
of
England
,
that
the
said
Senena
shall
accomplish
and
performe
all
and
singular
those
couenants
and
articles
,
agreed
vpon
betweene
our
said
souereigne
Lord
and
the
said
Senena
,
for
and
concerning
the
deliuerance
of
the
said
Gruffyth
hir
husband
and
Owen
his
son
out
of
the
prison
of
Dauid
his
brother
,
&
the
portion
of
inheritance
due
vnto
the
said
Gruffyth
,
which
the
said
Dauid
keepeth
from
him
by
force
.
In
witnesse
whereof
to
this
present
writing
I
haue
put
my
seale
,
Dated
at
Salop
,
the
mundaie
before
the
feast
of
the
Assumption
of
the
blessed
virgin
Marie
,
in
the
25.
yeare
of
the
reigne
of
the
said
King.
The
like
charters
were
made
by
euerie
one
of
the
other
noble
men
pledges
,
who
bound
themselues
with
the
like
words
.
Further
,
such
of
the
said
lords
which
fauored
Gruffyths
cause
,
as
were
out
among
themselues
were
now
made
fréends
,
as
Morgan
ap
Howel
lord
of
Kery
,
&
Sir
Ralph
Mortimer
which
before
were
at
variance
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
842.
Wherevpon
Dauid
being
driuen
to
extremities
,
hauing
most
of
the
nobilities
of
Wales
against
him
:
Dauid
in
great
perplexitie
being
ouermatched
.
especiallie
Gruffyth
ap
Madoc
lord
of
Bromfield
,
fauored
him
not
,
who
being
a
man
of
great
wisedome
and
power
was
entirelie
loued
of
the
king
.
Againe
,
the
sentence
of
excommunication
&
the
interdiction
of
his
land
did
not
a
little
vexe
him
.
But
the
kings
presence
with
so
puisant
an
armie
did
so
moue
his
spirits
,
that
he
could
not
be
quiet
,
till
he
had
sent
to
the
king
to
desire
peace
,
with
this
submission
folowing
.
The
Charter
of
the
Articles
of
Dauids
submission
to
the
King.
Omnibus
Christi
fidelibus
ad
quos
praesentes
literae
peruenerint
Dauid
filius
Leolini
salutem
.
Sciatis
quòd
concessi
domino
meo
Henrico
regi
Angliae
illustri
,
&c.
TO
all
Christian
people
to
whome
these
present
letters
shall
come
,
Dauid
the
sonne
of
Lhewelyn
sendeth
gréeting
.
Know
yée
that
I
haue
granted
and
promised
to
deliuer
vnto
the
lord
Henrie
the
noble
king
of
England
,
Gruffyth
my
brother
with
his
sonne
and
heire
whom
I
kéepe
in
prison
,
and
all
other
prisoners
,
who
by
occasion
of
the
said
Gruffyth
lie
in
durance
.
Item
I
shall
stand
to
the
iudgement
of
the
kings
court
,
aswell
in
that
case
,
whether
the
said
Gruffyth
ought
to
be
detained
prisoner
or
no
,
as
also
for
and
concerning
the
part
of
the
inheritance
of
the
said
Lhewelyn
my
father
,
claimed
by
the
said
Gruffyth
according
to
the
custome
of
Wales
:
so
that
the
peace
be
maintained
betwéene
me
and
the
said
Gruffyth
.
Item
I
and
the
said
Gruffyth
,
and
either
of
vs
shall
hold
our
portions
of
land
,
of
our
said
soueraigne
Lord
the
king
in
Capite
,
acknowledging
him
chiefe
lord
thereof
.
Item
I
shall
restore
vnto
Roger
de
monte
alto
Steward
of
Chester
,
his
land
of
Montalt
or
Mould
,
with
the
appurtenances
.
Item
I
shall
likewise
restore
to
all
other
Barons
,
all
such
lands
,
lordships
and
castels
,
as
were
taken
from
them
sithence
the
beginning
of
the
wars
betwéene
the
lord
Iohn
king
of
England
,
and
the
said
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
my
father
,
sauing
the
right
of
all
couenants
and
grants
by
writing
,
to
be
reserued
vnto
the
iudgement
and
determination
of
the
kings
court
.
Item
I
shall
giue
and
restore
vnto
our
souereigne
lord
the
king
all
his
charges
in
this
present
vsage
laid
out
.
Item
I
shall
make
satisfaction
for
all
damages
and
iniuries
doone
by
me
,
or
anie
of
my
subiects
vnto
the
king
or
his
,
according
to
the
consideration
of
the
kings
court
,
and
shall
deliuer
such
as
shal
be
malefactors
in
that
behalfe
.
Item
I
shall
restore
vnto
the
said
lord
the
king
all
the
homages
,
which
the
late
king
Iohn
his
father
had
,
&
which
the
said
lord
the
king
of
right
ought
to
haue
,
especiallie
of
all
the
noble
men
of
Wales
:
and
if
the
king
shall
set
at
libertie
anie
of
his
captiues
,
the
possessions
of
that
man
shall
remaine
to
the
king
.
Item
the
land
of
Elsiner
with
the
appurtenances
shall
remaine
to
the
lord
the
king
and
his
heires
for
euer
.
Item
I
shall
not
receiue
or
suffer
to
be
receiued
within
my
countrie
of
Wales
,
anie
of
the
subiects
of
England
,
outlawed
or
banished
by
the
said
lord
the
king
,
or
his
barons
of
Mercia
.
Item
for
confirmation
and
performance
of
all
and
singular
the
premisses
on
my
behalfe
,
I
shall
prouide
by
bonds
and
pledges
,
and
by
all
other
waies
and
meanes
as
the
said
lord
the
king
shall
award
,
and
will
accomplish
the
commandement
of
the
said
king
,
and
will
obeie
his
lawes
.
In
witnesse
whereof
to
this
present
writing
I
haue
put
my
seale
:
Dated
at
Alnet
by
the
riuer
of
Elwey
,
in
the
feast
of
the
decollation
of
S.
Iohn
Baptist
,
in
the
25.
yeare
of
the
reigne
of
the
said
king
.
For
the
obseruations
of
these
articles
,
the
said
prince
Dauid
and
Ednyuet
Vachan
were
sworne
.
Also
the
said
prince
Dauid
submitted
himselfe
to
the
iurisdiction
of
the
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
and
of
the
bishops
of
London
,
Hereford
,
and
Couentrie
,
for
the
time
being
.
That
all
,
or
one
of
them
whome
the
king
shall
appoint
,
may
excommunicate
him
,
and
interdict
his
land
vpon
breach
of
anie
the
said
articles
.
And
therevpon
he
procured
the
bishops
of
S.
Bangor
,
and
S.
Asaph
to
make
their
charters
to
the
lord
the
king
,
whereby
they
granted
to
execute
and
denounce
all
sentences
,
aswell
of
excommunication
as
of
interdiction
sent
from
the
foresaid
Archbishop
,
bishops
or
anie
of
them
.
The
said
Dauid
also
sent
priuilie
to
the
king
,
to
desire
him
that
he
would
suffer
him
being
his
nephue
,
and
the
lawfull
heire
of
Lhewelyn
his
father
,
to
enioy
the
principalitie
of
Wales
rather
than
Gruffyth
,
which
was
but
a
bastard
,
and
no
kinne
vnto
the
king
.
Giuing
him
withall
to
vnderstand
,
that
in
case
he
did
set
Gruffyth
at
libertie
,
he
should
be
sure
to
haue
the
warre
renewed
.
Wherevpon
the
king
knowing
these
things
to
be
true
,
and
vnderstanding
also
that
Gruffyth
was
a
valiant
stout
man
,
and
had
manie
fréends
and
fauorers
of
his
cause
,
inclined
rather
to
assent
vnto
Dauids
request
than
otherwise
to
be
in
danger
of
further
troubles
,
and
therefore
willinglie
granted
the
same
.
Shortlie
after
Dauid
sendeth
his
brother
Gruffyth
vnto
the
king
,
and
other
pledges
for
himselfe
,
for
performance
of
the
said
articles
,
which
the
king
sent
forthwith
to
the
towre
of
London
,
there
to
be
safelie
kept
,
allowing
to
Gruffyth
a
noble
a
daie
for
his
finding
.
Man
.
Paris
.
page
.
765.
And
within
few
daies
after
Michaelmas
,
prince
Dauid
came
to
the
kings
court
and
did
his
homage
,
and
swore
fealtie
,
who
for
so
dooing
,
&
in
that
he
was
the
kings
nephue
,
was
sent
home
againe
in
peace
.
When
Gruffyth
saw
how
althings
went
,
&
that
he
was
not
like
to
be
set
at
libertie
,
he
began
to
deuise
waies
and
meanes
to
escape
out
of
prison
.
Wherefore
deceiuing
the
watch
one
night
,
he
made
a
long
line
of
hangings
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
830.
couerings
,
and
shéetes
,
and
hauing
gotten
out
at
a
window
,
let
downe
himselfe
by
the
same
from
the
toppe
of
the
towre
:
but
by
reason
that
he
was
a
mightie
personage
and
full
of
flesh
,
the
line
brake
with
the
weight
of
his
bodie
,
and
so
falling
downe
headlong
of
a
great
height
,
his
necke
and
head
was
driuen
into
his
bodie
with
the
fall
:
whose
miserable
carcase
being
found
the
morowe
after
,
was
a
pitifull
sight
to
the
beholders
.
The
king
being
certified
thereof
,
commanded
Gruffyths
sonne
to
be
better
looked
vnto
,
and
punished
the
officers
for
their
negligence
.
Then
the
king
fortified
the
castell
of
Dyserth
in
Flyntshire
.
Also
the
king
gaue
to
Gruffyth
sonne
to
Gwenwynwyn
lord
of
Powys
his
inheritance
:
and
to
the
sonnes
of
Conan
ap
Owen
Gwyneth
their
lands
in
Merionyth
.
Then
shortlie
after
,
Gilbert
Marshall
Earle
of
Penbrooke
was
slaine
by
misfortune
fighting
at
the
Turnay
at
Hereford
.
The
bishop
of
Bangor
came
to
the
court
to
sue
for
the
deliuerance
of
Gruffyth
sonne
to
prince
Lhewelyn
,
but
the
king
knowing
him
to
be
a
man
of
great
courage
,
would
in
no
wise
grant
him
libertie
.
The
yeare
after
,
king
Henrie
went
to
France
with
an
armie
to
succour
Hugh
de
Brune
his
father
in
lawe
,
meaning
also
to
recouer
some
of
that
which
his
father
had
lost
:
but
all
in
vaine
,
for
the
people
fauoured
the
French
king
,
therfore
hauing
lost
a
great
number
of
his
men
,
amongst
whom
was
Gilbert
de
Clare
,
he
returned
home
againe
.
Maelgon
Vachan
about
this
time
fortified
the
castel
of
Garthgrugyn
,
Iohn
de
Mynoc
also
fortified
the
castell
of
Buelht
,
&
Roger
Mortimer
the
castell
of
Melyenyth
.
The
summer
folowing
,
the
king
began
to
trouble
the
Welshmen
verie
sore
,
and
to
take
their
lands
by
force
without
iust
title
or
rightfull
cause
.
This
yeare
died
Hugh
de
Albineto
Earle
of
Arundell
,
whose
inheritance
was
diuided
betwixt
his
foure
sisters
.
Whereof
Isabel
the
eldest
had
maried
Iohn
Fitzalan
lord
of
Oswalstree
and
Clun
,
whose
sonne
named
also
Iohn
Fitzalan
was
in
the
right
of
the
said
Isabel
his
mother
created
Earle
of
the
Earledome
of
Arundell
,
in
the
which
house
it
remained
to
our
time
.
Within
a
while
after
,
Rees
Mechylh
sonne
to
Rees
Gryc
of
Southwales
died
.
This
yeare
prince
Dauid
sent
to
Rome
to
complaine
to
the
Pope
,
how
the
king
of
England
compelled
him
vniustlie
to
hold
his
lands
of
him
.
Therefore
the
Pope
sent
to
the
abbots
of
Aberconwy
and
Cymer
a
commission
to
enquire
of
this
matter
.
Records
,
An.
29.
Henrie
.
3.
After
the
death
of
Gruffyth
,
king
Henrie
in
the
29.
yeare
of
his
reigne
(
as
appeareth
by
the
records
in
the
towre
)
intituled
his
eldest
sonne
Edward
to
the
principalitie
of
Wales
:
which
thing
when
Dauid
vnderstood
,
he
put
himselfe
in
armour
to
defend
his
inheritance
and
right
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
880.
and
knowing
himselfe
not
able
to
withstand
the
kings
force
,
he
sent
to
Rome
with
great
gifts
to
the
Pope
,
complaining
as
is
here
mentioned
;
and
declaring
withall
,
that
Lhewelyn
his
father
had
least
him
and
the
principalitie
of
Wales
vnder
the
protection
of
the
church
of
Rome
.
His
sute
therefore
to
the
Pope
was
,
that
he
would
accept
of
the
same
,
and
that
Dauid
and
his
heires
might
hold
it
of
the
church
of
Rome
,
yéelding
and
paieng
yearelie
out
of
the
same
the
summe
of
fiue
hundreth
markes
,
for
paiment
of
which
summe
he
bound
himselfe
and
his
successours
by
solemne
oth
and
writing
executed
accordinglie
.
Which
offer
Pope
Innocentius
(
ex
super
abundanti
gratia
)
accepted
:
Quia
ecclesia
Romana
nunquam
claudit
gremium
talia
offerentibus
,
and
therevpon
granted
his
letters
of
commission
to
the
abbots
aforesaid
,
to
release
Dauid
from
his
oth
of
allegiance
to
the
king
of
England
,
and
to
inquire
of
the
whole
estate
of
the
matter
,
and
to
certifie
him
of
the
same
.
These
commissioners
taking
vpon
them
the
authoritie
,
directed
their
Mandat
to
the
king
of
England
,
commanding
him
to
appeare
before
them
at
Creythyn
in
the
church
of
Lhangustenyn
in
the
vigil
of
S.
Agnes
next
comming
,
to
answer
in
the
premisses
.
Wherevpon
the
king
laughing
at
the
presumption
of
these
abbots
,
being
greatlie
offended
with
the
Pope
for
his
vnsatiable
gréedines
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Rom.
Curiae
.
sent
to
Rome
,
and
with
greater
summes
of
monie
quieted
all
things
againe
:
so
that
the
Pope
made
his
gaine
at
both
hands
.
Sée
Matthew
Paris
,
page
.
840.
Then
prince
Dauid
gathered
all
his
strength
to
be
reuenged
of
the
wrongs
which
the
Erles
of
Clare
and
Hereford
,
with
Iohn
de
Monmouth
,
and
Roger
de
Monte
Alto
,
and
other
Marchers
did
to
his
people
.
Whom
all
the
lords
in
Wales
obeied
,
and
tooke
for
their
souereigne
,
sauing
Gruffyth
son
to
Gwenwynwyn
and
Morgan
ap
Howel
:
which
two
shortlie
were
compelled
to
obey
also
.
Wherefore
the
prince
entred
the
land
of
March
;
spoiling
and
destroieng
a
great
part
thereof
,
with
whome
the
said
Earles
fought
diuerse
times
:
and
sometimes
the
one
and
sometimes
the
other
had
the
uictorie
.
The
yeare
ensuing
the
Marchers
and
the
Welshmen
met
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
884.
not
far
from
Mountgomery
where
was
a
cruell
fight
,
and
300.
of
the
Welshmen
slaine
,
and
a
great
number
of
Englishmen
,
among
whome
there
was
slaine
a
noble
knight
called
Hubert
Fitzmatthew
.
Wherevpon
the
king
being
wearie
of
these
domesticall
troubles
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
,
891.
gathered
a
huge
armie
of
Englishmen
and
Gascoynes
,
and
entred
Northwales
,
intending
to
destroie
the
countrie
:
but
the
Prince
met
with
his
people
in
a
straict
,
&
fought
with
them
,
and
put
them
to
flight
.
There
the
king
lost
a
great
number
of
his
most
worthie
soldiours
and
nobilitie
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
927.
&
the
most
part
of
all
his
Gascoynes
,
therefore
seeing
he
cold
doo
no
good
,
he
sent
for
the
Irishmen
,
which
landed
at
the
Ile
of
Môn
or
Anglesey
,
and
spoiled
a
great
part
thereof
,
till
the
inhabitants
of
the
Ile
gathered
themselues
together
and
met
with
them
,
being
loden
with
spoile
,
whom
they
chased
to
their
ships
:
then
the
king
manned
and
victualed
his
castels
,
and
returned
to
England
.
Of
this
viage
a
certeine
noble
man
,
being
then
in
the
kings
campe
,
wrote
thus
to
his
fréends
about
the
end
of
September
,
1245.
The
king
with
his
armie
lieth
at
Gannock
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
924.
fortifieng
of
that
strong
castell
,
&
we
lie
in
our
tents
thereby
,
watching
,
fasting
,
praieng
,
&
fréezing
with
cold
:
we
watch
for
feare
of
the
Welshmen
,
who
are
woont
to
inuade
and
come
vpon
vs
in
the
night
time
.
We
fast
for
want
of
meat
,
for
the
halfpenie
loafe
is
woorth
fiue
pence
.
We
praie
to
God
to
send
vs
home
againe
spéedilie
,
wée
starue
for
cold
wanting
our
winter
garments
,
and
hauing
no
more
but
a
thin
linnen
cloath
betwixt
vs
and
the
wind
.
There
is
an
arme
of
the
sea
vnder
the
castell
where
we
lie
,
whereto
the
tide
commeth
,
and
manie
ships
come
vp
the
hauen
thither
,
which
bring
victuals
to
the
campe
from
Ireland
and
Chester
.
This
arme
of
the
sea
lieth
betwixt
vs
and
Snowdon
,
where
the
Welshmen
abide
now
,
and
is
about
a
slight
shoote
ouer
when
the
tide
is
in
.
There
came
to
the
mouth
of
that
hauen
a
certeine
ship
from
Ireland
with
victuals
to
be
sold
,
vpon
mondaie
before
Michaelinas
daie
,
which
being
negligentlie
looked
vnto
,
was
set
on
drie
ground
at
the
low
ebbe
on
the
further
side
of
the
water
,
ouer
against
the
castell
:
which
thing
when
the
Welshmen
saw
,
they
came
downe
from
the
hilles
and
laid
siege
to
the
ship
being
now
vpon
drie
ground
:
wherevpon
we
on
the
other
side
beholding
the
same
,
The
lords
of
Bromfield
and
Powys
held
with
the
king
in
all
these
wars
.
sent
ouer
by
boates
thrée
hundreth
Welshmen
of
the
borders
of
Cheshire
and
Shropshire
,
with
certeine
archers
and
armed
men
to
the
rescue
of
the
said
ship
.
Then
the
Welshmen
withdrew
themselues
to
their
accustomed
places
in
the
rockes
and
woods
,
whom
our
men
followed
as
far
as
two
miles
,
being
a
foote
,
bicause
they
brought
no
horsses
ouer
with
them
,
and
slew
manie
of
them
.
But
our
men
in
their
returne
being
ouergréedie
and
couetous
,
spoiled
the
abbey
of
Aberconwey
,
and
burned
all
the
houses
of
offices
belonging
to
the
same
.
Which
doings
caused
the
Welshmen
to
come
togither
,
who
like
desperate
men
set
vpon
our
soldiours
being
loden
with
spoiles
,
and
slew
a
great
number
of
them
,
following
the
rest
to
the
waterside
,
of
whom
some
gat
to
the
boates
and
so
escaped
,
and
some
cast
themselues
into
the
water
,
and
were
drowned
,
and
such
as
they
tooke
they
hanged
or
headed
euerie
one
.
In
this
conflict
we
lost
manie
of
our
men
,
speciallie
of
those
that
were
vnder
the
conduct
of
Richard
Earle
of
Cornewal
,
as
Sir
Alan
Buscell
,
Sir
Adam
de
Maio
,
Sir
Geffrey
Estuemy
,
and
one
Ramond
a
Gascoine
,
whom
the
king
greatlie
fansied
,
and
diuers
other
,
beside
a
hundreth
of
common
soldiours
.
In
the
meane
time
Sir
Walter
Bisset
worthilie
defended
the
said
ship
,
vntill
the
tide
came
,
and
then
came
awaie
with
the
same
manfullie
,
wherein
there
were
thréescore
tunnes
of
wine
beside
other
prouision
,
&c.
Many
other
things
are
conteined
in
the
said
writing
,
of
the
hard
shifts
that
were
made
in
the
kings
campe
for
victuals
,
and
the
great
dearth
of
all
things
that
were
to
be
eaten
.
This
yeare
died
Walter
Marshall
Earle
of
Penbrooke
and
Anselme
his
brother
without
issue
,
whose
inheritance
descended
to
their
fiue
sisters
.
To
the
intent
the
reader
may
vnderstand
to
whom
the
lands
and
lordships
in
Wales
of
the
Earle
Marshall
and
Penbrooke
came
:
I
thought
it
conuenient
here
so
laie
downe
how
these
fiue
sisters
were
bestowed
.
-
1
Ione
the
eldest
maried
Warren
Mountchensey
,
whose
daughter
and
heire
named
also
Ione
was
maried
to
William
de
Valence
,
halfe
brother
to
king
Henrie
the
third
,
who
in
hir
right
was
Earle
of
Penbrooke
,
whose
two
daughters
(
after
the
death
of
Aymēr
de
Valence
)
were
his
heires
,
to
wit
:
Isabel
maried
vnto
Iohn
lord
Hastings
and
Abergeuenny
,
whose
daughter
named
Elizabeth
maried
Reynold
lord
Gray
of
Ruthyn
,
to
the
which
familie
afterwards
the
inheritance
fell
:
and
Ione
married
to
Iohn
lord
Comyn
,
who
had
issue
Elizabeth
maried
to
Richard
lord
Talbot
:
and
Ione
maried
to
Dauid
Earle
of
Athell
.
-
2
Mawd
the
second
daughter
of
the
Earle
Marshall
and
Penbrooke
was
maried
to
Hugh
Bygod
Earle
of
Northfolke
,
father
of
Ralph
Bygod
,
whose
daughter
and
heire
Isabel
was
maried
to
Sir
Gilbert
Lacy
,
who
had
issue
Margerie
and
Mawd
his
daughters
and
heires
:
Margerie
maried
to
Iohn
L.
Verdon
,
of
whom
the
Earle
of
Shrewesburie
and
the
Earle
of
Essex
are
descended
.
Mawd
maried
Geffrey
Geniuill
father
to
Peter
Geniuill
,
whose
daughter
and
heire
was
maried
to
Roger
Mortimer
lord
of
Wigmor
,
and
the
first
Earle
of
March.
-
3
Isabel
the
third
daughter
of
the
Earle
Marshall
&
Penbrooke
was
maried
to
Gilbert
de
Clare
Earle
of
Glocester
,
of
whose
issue
mention
is
made
before
pag.
129.
and
after
his
death
she
was
maried
to
Richard
Earle
of
Cornwal
,
and
king
of
the
Romanes
.
-
4
Sibylla
the
fourth
daughter
was
maried
to
William
Ferrers
Earle
of
Ferrers
and
Derby
.
-
5
Eua
the
fift
daughter
was
maried
to
William
Bruse
,
lord
Bruse
of
Gower
.
Likewise
manie
nobles
died
without
issue
male
at
this
time
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
930.
as
the
Earle
of
Arundell
,
the
Earle
of
Chester
,
the
Earle
of
Essex
,
the
Earle
of
Huntington
,
and
diuerse
others
.
In
the
beginning
of
the
yeare
1246.
1246.
Dauid
prince
of
Wales
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
933.
after
he
had
gotten
the
loue
of
his
subiects
,
and
atchieued
manie
notable
victories
,
passed
out
of
this
life
,
and
was
buried
at
Conwey
by
his
father
,
after
he
had
ruled
Wales
fiue
yeares
,
leauing
no
issue
of
his
bodie
,
to
the
great
discomfort
of
the
land
.
Lhewelyn
ap
Gruffyth
.
Lhewelyn
and
Owen
the
sonnes
of
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
.
The
Prince
of
Northwales
was
the
superiour
Prince
of
all
Wales
,
to
whom
the
other
princes
of
Southwales
and
Powys
did
paie
a
certeine
tribute
yearelie
,
as
appeareth
by
the
lawes
of
Howel
Dha
,
and
in
diuers
places
of
this
historie
:
and
was
the
right
heire
of
Cadwalader
,
as
is
euident
by
all
writers
,
whose
line
of
the
heire
male
from
Roderi
Mawr
endeth
in
this
Dauid
the
sonne
of
Lhewelyn
,
the
sonne
of
Iorwerth
,
the
sonne
of
Owen
Gwyneth
,
the
sonne
of
Gruffyth
,
the
sonne
of
Conan
,
the
sonne
of
Iago
,
the
sonne
of
Edwal
,
the
sonne
of
Meyric
the
sonne
of
Edwal
Voel
,
the
sonne
of
Anarawd
,
the
sonne
of
Roderi
Mawr
,
the
sonne
of
Esylht
,
the
daughter
and
sole
heire
of
Conan
Tindaythwy
,
the
sonne
of
Roderike
Molwynoc
,
the
sonne
of
Edwal
Ywrch
,
the
son
of
Cadwalader
the
last
king
of
the
Brytaines
.
Lhewelyn
ap
Iorwerth
,
Prince
of
Northwales
,
father
to
Dauid
married
two
wiues
,
whereof
the
first
was
Ione
,
the
daughter
of
king
Iohn
,
by
whom
he
had
issue
Dauid
and
Gladys
.
His
second
wife
was
Eua
the
daughter
of
Foulke
de
Breant
,
by
whom
he
had
no
issue
.
Dauid
succeeded
his
father
in
the
principalitie
of
Wales
,
and
died
without
issue
:
after
whose
decease
the
right
of
the
inheritance
descended
and
fell
to
his
sister
of
the
whole
blood
Gladys
,
the
wife
of
Ralph
lord
Mortimer
of
Wigmor
,
who
had
issue
Roger
Mortimer
,
of
whom
mention
is
made
in
this
place
,
Peter
Iohn
a
Frier
preacher
,
and
Hugh
lord
of
Chilmersh
..
Roger
Mortimer
lord
of
Wigmor
(
and
by
right
of
inheritance
Prince
of
Wales
)
married
Mawd
de
Bruse
daughter
of
William
de
Bruse
lord
of
Brechnocke
,
by
whom
he
had
issue
Edmond
,
Roger
lord
of
Chirkeland
,
William
and
Geffrey
:
and
two
daughters
,
Margaret
maried
to
the
son
of
the
Earle
of
Oxenford
,
and
Isabel
maried
to
Iohn
Fitzalen
Earle
of
Arundell
.
This
Roger
died
An.
1282.
and
was
buried
in
the
abbie
of
Wigmor
.
Edmond
Mortimer
lord
of
Wigmor
maried
Margaret
Fendles
,
and
had
issue
Roger
,
Iohn
slaine
in
a
Turnie
at
Worcester
,
Edmond
,
Hugh
and
Walter
;
and
two
daughters
,
Mawd
married
to
Theobald
lord
Verdon
,
of
whom
the
Earle
of
Sherewsburie
and
the
Earle
of
Essex
are
descended
:
and
Ione
who
died
without
issue
.
He
lieth
buried
in
the
said
abbie
at
Wigmor
.
Roger
Mortimer
lord
of
Wigmor
married
Ione
the
daughter
and
heire
of
Sir
Peter
Geniuill
,
and
had
issue
Edmond
Mortimer
lord
of
Wigmor
,
Sir
Roger
Mortimer
,
and
Geffrey
lord
of
Cowich
,
called
in
stories
Comes
Iubinensis
;
and
seauen
daughters
:
Catharine
married
to
Thomas
Beauchamp
Earle
of
Warwicke
:
Ione
married
to
Iames
lord
Audely
:
Agnes
countesse
of
Penbrooke
:
Margaret
married
to
Thomas
lord
Berkeley
:
Mawd
married
to
Iohn
Charleton
lord
Powys
:
Blanch
married
to
Sir
Peter
Graunson
knight
:
and
Beatrice
married
to
Edward
sonne
&
heire
of
Thomas
Brotherton
Earle
Marshall
,
and
after
his
death
to
Thomas
de
Bruse
.
This
Roger
Mortimer
escaped
out
of
the
Towre
,
and
fled
into
France
,
and
afterward
returned
againe
with
Quéene
Isabel
the
wife
of
king
Edward
the
second
,
and
Edward
the
prince
hir
sonne
,
by
whom
(
after
the
putting
downe
of
the
said
king
)
he
was
created
Earle
of
March
,
and
was
afterward
attainted
.
Edmond
Mortimer
lord
of
Wigmor
,
This
Elianor
had
issue
by
the
Earle
Bohune
,
who
inherited
hir
part
afterward
.
married
Elianor
late
widow
of
William
de
Bohune
Earle
of
Northampton
one
of
the
daughters
and
heires
of
Bartholomew
Badelsmer
,
lord
of
Leedes
in
Kent
,
and
by
hir
had
issue
Roger
,
and
Iohn
who
died
without
issue
.
He
died
in
the
castell
of
Ludlowe
,
and
lieth
buried
in
the
said
abbie
of
Wigmor
.
Roger
Mortimer
lord
of
Wigmor
was
by
king
Edward
the
third
An.
Regni
sui
.
29.
restored
to
the
Earledome
of
March
,
and
all
his
grandfathers
inheritance
,
honors
and
possessions
,
the
said
attaindour
being
repealed
and
made
void
.
He
had
issue
by
Philippa
his
wife
,
the
daughter
of
William
Mountague
Earle
of
Sarum
,
Edmond
Earle
of
March
,
and
died
at
Roueraie
in
Burgundie
,
the
26.
of
Februarie
,
Anno.
1359.
whose
bones
were
afterward
translated
to
the
abbie
of
Wigmor
.
Edmond
Mortimer
Earle
of
March
and
lord
of
Wigmor
maried
Philippa
the
daughter
&
sole
heire
of
Leonell
duke
of
Clarence
,
in
whose
right
he
was
Earle
of
Vlster
,
he
had
issue
Roger
,
and
Edmond
that
was
taken
by
Owen
Glyndoure
;
and
two
daughters
,
Elizabeth
married
to
Sir
Henrie
Percy
knight
sonne
and
heire
to
Henrie
Percy
Earle
of
Northumberland
;
&
Philippa
maried
first
to
Iohn
Hastings
Erle
of
Penbrooke
,
and
after
his
death
to
Richard
Earle
of
Arundel
,
and
last
to
Iohn
lord
S.
Iohn
.
He
died
in
the
citie
of
Corke
in
Ireland
,
An.
1381.
and
lieth
buried
in
the
said
abbie
of
Wigmor
.
Roger
Mortimer
Earle
of
March
and
Vlster
lord
of
Wigmor
,
Trym
,
Clare
,
and
Conaght
,
maried
Elianor
the
eldest
daughter
and
one
of
the
heires
of
Thomas
Holand
Earle
of
Kent
,
by
whom
he
had
issue
Roger
and
Edmond
,
who
both
died
without
issue
;
and
two
daughters
,
Anne
maried
to
Richard
Plantagenet
Earle
of
Cambridge
;
and
Elianor
Countesse
of
Deuon
,
who
died
without
issue
.
The
said
Richard
and
Anne
had
issue
Richard
duke
of
Yorke
,
and
Isabel
maried
to
Henrie
Bourchier
Earle
of
Essex
,
of
whom
the
Earle
of
Essex
now
liuing
is
descended
.
This
Earle
of
Rutland
was
slaine
in
the
battell
of
Wakefield
by
the
lord
Clyfford
.
Richard
Plantagenet
duke
of
Yorke
maried
Cicilie
the
daughter
of
Ralph
Neuill
Earle
of
Westmerland
,
and
had
issue
Edward
the
fourth
king
of
England
,
Edmond
Erle
of
Rutland
,
George
duke
of
Clarence
,
&
Richard
duke
of
Glocester
,
afterward
king
of
England
by
the
name
of
Richard
the
third
;
and
thrée
daughters
,
Margaret
maried
to
Charles
duke
of
Burgundie
,
Elizabeth
maried
to
Iohn
de
lapoole
duke
of
Suffolke
,
and
Anne
maried
to
Henrie
Holand
duke
of
Excester
,
and
after
to
Sir
Thomas
Saintleger
knight
.
Edward
the
fourth
king
of
England
maried
Elizabeth
the
daughter
and
one
of
the
heires
of
Richard
Wooduile
Earle
Riuers
,
and
had
issue
king
Edward
the
fift
,
who
died
without
issue
,
and
Elizabeth
maried
to
king
Henrie
the
seuenth
,
and
mother
to
king
Henrie
the
eight
of
famous
memorie
,
father
to
the
QVEENES
Maiestie
that
now
is
:
who
by
lineall
descent
is
the
right
inheritrice
of
the
Principalitie
of
Wales
.
By
these
Petegrées
it
is
euident
,
that
the
title
which
Owen
Glyndoure
pretended
to
the
principalitie
of
Wales
was
altogither
friuolous
:
for
he
was
not
descended
of
the
house
of
Northwales
by
his
father
,
See
before
,
page
.
213.
but
of
a
yoonger
brother
of
the
house
of
Powys
:
whose
portion
by
inheritance
is
laid
downe
by
me
in
the
description
of
the
lordship
of
Powys
before
,
page
213.
which
was
but
a
verie
small
thing
.
There
be
diuerse
gentlemen
euen
at
this
date
in
Wales
,
which
are
come
of
the
house
of
Northwales
lineallie
:
but
I
know
none
which
are
lawfullie
descended
of
Lhewelyn
ap
Iorwerth
,
called
by
Matthew
Paris
,
Leolinus
Magnus
,
but
such
are
come
out
of
the
house
of
Mortimer
,
in
the
which
house
by
order
of
descent
the
right
of
the
inheritance
lieth
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
938.
About
this
time
Harold
king
of
Man
came
to
the
court
and
did
homage
to
king
Henrie
,
and
he
dubbed
him
knight
.
The
summer
folowing
,
Rees
Vachan
son
to
Rees
Mechyl
got
the
castell
of
Carrec
Cynnen
,
which
his
mother
of
meere
hatred
conceiued
against
him
,
had
deliuered
to
the
Englishmen
.
The
Abbots
of
Conwey
and
Stratflur
made
sute
to
the
king
for
the
bodie
of
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
,
which
he
granted
vnto
them
,
and
they
conueied
it
to
Conwey
,
where
he
was
honorablie
buried
.
Then
also
William
Ferrers
Earle
of
Derbie
and
his
wife
died
,
being
either
of
them
a
hundreth
yeares
of
age
.
Not
long
after
,
William
de
longa
Spata
Earle
of
Salisburie
was
slaine
in
the
holie
land
,
leauing
one
daughter
behind
him
,
maried
to
Henrie
Lacy
Earle
of
Lyncolne
.
The
same
time
likewise
died
Gladys
daughter
to
prince
Lhewelyn
,
and
wife
to
Sir
Ralph
Mortimer
in
the
castell
of
Wyndsore
.
The
yeare
next
folowing
was
so
drie
,
that
there
fell
no
raine
from
the
eleuenth
daie
of
March
,
to
the
Assumption
of
our
ladie
.
In
the
yeare
1254.
1254
there
arose
a
great
debate
betweene
the
princes
of
Wales
:
for
Owen
could
not
be
content
with
halfe
the
principalitie
,
but
got
his
yoonger
brother
Dauid
to
him
,
and
they
two
leuied
a
great
power
to
disinherite
Lhewelyn
,
who
with
his
men
met
with
them
in
the
field
,
and
after
a
long
fight
gaue
them
an
ouerthrowe
,
where
he
tooke
them
both
prisoners
,
&
then
seased
all
their
lands
into
his
owne
hands
,
enioieng
alone
the
whole
principalitie
of
Wales
.
The
yeare
ensuing
,
all
the
lords
of
Wales
came
to
prince
Lhewelyn
,
and
made
their
complaints
to
him
with
weeping
eies
,
how
cruellie
they
were
handled
by
prince
Edward
and
others
of
the
nobles
of
England
,
their
lands
being
taken
from
them
by
force
:
and
if
at
anie
time
they
did
offend
,
they
were
punished
with
extremitie
,
but
where
they
were
wronged
they
found
no
remedie
.
Therfore
they
protested
before
God
and
him
,
that
they
would
rather
die
in
the
field
in
defense
of
their
right
,
than
to
be
made
slaues
to
strangers
:
whervpon
the
Prince
pitieng
his
estate
and
theirs
,
determined
togither
with
them
,
vtterlie
to
refuse
the
rule
of
the
Englishmen
,
and
rather
to
die
in
libertie
than
to
liue
in
thraldome
,
shame
and
opprobrie
.
And
gathering
all
his
power
,
first
recouered
againe
all
the
Inland
countrie
of
Northwales
,
and
afterward
all
Merionyth
,
and
such
lands
as
Edward
had
vsurped
in
Caerdigan
,
which
he
gaue
to
Meredyth
the
sonne
of
Owen
ap
Gruffyth
,
and
Buelht
he
gaue
to
Meredyth
ap
Rees
,
chasing
awaie
Rees
Vachan
out
of
the
same
,
and
so
honorablie
diuided
all
that
he
wan
amongst
his
Barons
,
that
he
kept
nothing
to
himselfe
but
the
perpetuall
fame
of
his
liberalitie
.
Then
also
he
recouered
Gwerthryneon
from
Sir
Roger
Mortimer
.
The
summer
folowing
prince
Lhewelyn
made
warre
against
Gruffyth
ap
Gwenwynwyn
(
who
serued
the
king
)
and
wan
all
Powys
from
him
saue
the
castell
of
Pole
,
and
a
little
of
Caereneon
and
the
land
by
Seauerne
side
.
Rees
Vachan
ap
Rees
Mechylh
meaning
to
recouer
his
lands
againe
,
obtained
of
the
king
a
great
armie
,
where
of
one
Stephen
Bacon
was
captaine
,
and
came
to
Caermardhyn
by
sea
,
and
marching
from
thence
towards
Dyneuowr
,
laid
siege
to
the
castell
:
but
the
princes
power
came
with
his
coosins
to
raise
the
siege
;
where
there
was
fought
a
bloudie
battell
as
euer
was
fought
in
Wales
of
so
manie
men
,
and
in
the
end
the
Englishmen
were
put
to
flight
,
and
lost
of
their
men
aboue
2000.
soldiours
,
from
thence
the
princes
armie
went
to
Dyuet
,
and
burned
all
the
countrie
,
and
destroied
the
castels
of
Abercorran
,
Lhanstephan
,
Maenclochoc
,
&
Arberth
,
and
then
returned
home
with
much
spoile
.
1256
And
forthwith
not
being
able
to
abide
the
wrongs
that
Geffrey
Langley
Lieutenant
to
the
Earle
of
Chester
)
did
to
them
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
1251.
the
Prince
entred
the
Earles
lands
,
Ibid.
1252.
Tho.
Walsh
.
Hypodigma
pag.
61.
and
destroied
all
to
the
gates
of
Chester
on
either
side
the
water
.
Wherevpon
Edward
the
Earle
fled
to
his
vncle
,
(
who
was
then
chosen
king
of
Romanes
)
for
succour
,
and
returning
backe
with
an
armie
,
durst
not
fight
with
the
Prince
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
1253.
who
had
10000.
armed
men
,
euerie
one
sworne
to
die
in
the
field
(
if
need
required
)
in
the
defense
of
their
countrie
,
yet
Gruffyth
ap
Madoc
Maelor
,
commonlie
surnamed
lord
of
Dinas
Brân
(
which
is
a
castell
standing
vpon
a
verie
high
mountaine
,
of
situation
impregnable
in
the
lordship
of
Chirke
)
forsooke
the
Prince
,
and
serued
the
Earle
with
all
his
power
,
Matth.
West
.
page
.
277.
which
Earle
was
counted
a
cruell
and
vniust
man
,
hauing
no
regard
to
right
,
promise
,
or
oth
.
The
next
yeare
prince
Lhewelyn
seasing
to
his
hands
Cemeys
,
and
making
peace
betwixt
Rees
Gryc
and
Rees
Vachan
his
brothers
sonne
,
got
the
castel
of
Trefdraeth
or
Newport
,
with
all
Ros
sauing
Hauerford
.
Then
destroieng
the
countrie
in
his
waie
towards
Glamorgan
,
he
rased
the
castell
of
Lhangymwch
,
and
returning
to
Northwales
,
met
with
Edward
Earle
of
Chester
by
the
waie
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
1260.
whom
he
caused
to
retire
backe
,
and
then
destroied
the
lands
of
the
said
Gruffyth
lord
of
Bromfield
.
Therefore
the
kings
of
England
&
Almaine
wrote
to
him
gentlie
,
to
depart
home
,
which
he
refused
to
doo
;
but
diuiding
his
armie
into
two
battels
,
in
euerie
of
the
which
(
as
Matthew
Paris
saith
)
there
were
1500.
footemen
,
and
500
horsmen
well
appointed
.
Wherevpon
Edward
sent
to
the
Irishmen
to
come
to
his
succours
:
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
1268.
whereof
the
Prince
being
certified
,
made
readie
his
ships
,
and
sending
them
to
the
sea
,
with
sufficient
power
,
to
resist
the
comming
of
his
enimies
that
waie
,
preuented
him
:
so
that
the
Irishmen
were
ouercome
and
sent
home
with
great
losse
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
1271.
Wherefore
the
king
with
his
sonne
(
being
in
a
great
rage
)
gathered
all
the
strength
of
England
,
from
S.
Michaëls
Mount
to
Twede
,
&
came
to
Northwales
as
far
as
Teganwy
:
but
the
Prince
caused
all
the
victuals
to
be
remooued
ouer
the
riuer
of
Conwey
,
and
kept
all
the
straictes
and
passages
so
narrowlie
that
the
king
was
compelled
to
retire
to
England
with
great
losse
.
Then
prince
Lhewelyn
calling
to
him
all
the
power
of
Southwales
,
came
to
the
marches
,
where
Gruffyth
Lord
of
Bromfield
yeelded
himselfe
to
him
,
(
bicause
the
king
could
not
defend
his
lands
)
&
seasing
to
his
owne
hands
all
the
lands
in
Powys
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
1272.
he
banished
the
lord
Gruffyth
ap
Gwenwynwyn
,
and
wanne
the
castels
of
Gilbert
de
Clare
Earle
of
Glocester
,
where
also
he
gaue
the
Englishmen
an
ouerthrowe
,
and
slew
a
great
number
of
the
worthiest
soldiers
and
such
as
the
king
loued
well
.
Therefore
the
king
called
his
strength
to
him
,
and
sent
to
Gascoine
and
Ireland
for
succours
,
Matt.
Paris
,
page
.
1275.
&
1276.
and
then
comming
to
Wales
in
haruest
time
,
destroied
all
the
corne
that
was
in
his
waie
:
yet
he
went
not
farre
beyond
Chester
,
but
returned
backe
without
dooing
any
notable
act
,
for
God
(
as
Matthew
Paris
saith
)
defended
the
poore
people
,
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
1274.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
1279.
that
put
their
whole
confidence
in
him
.
The
lord
Iames
Audeley
(
whose
daughter
Gruffyth
lord
of
Bromfield
had
married
)
brought
a
great
number
of
horssemen
from
Almaine
,
to
serue
against
the
Welshmen
,
who
with
their
great
horsses
and
vnaccustomed
kind
of
fight
ouerthrew
the
Welshmen
at
the
first
encounter
.
Wherefore
the
Welshmen
shortlie
after
minding
to
reuenge
that
displeasure
,
made
road
into
the
said
lord
Audleys
lands
,
where
the
Almaines
set
vpon
them
,
pursuing
hard
such
as
fled
to
the
straits
,
who
(
vsing
that
flight
for
a
policie
)
returned
againe
so
suddenlie
and
so
fearslie
vpon
the
Almaines
,
that
they
being
not
able
to
retire
vpon
the
sudden
were
almost
all
slaine
.
At
this
time
there
was
great
scarsitie
in
England
of
beefes
and
horsses
,
whereof
they
were
woont
to
haue
manie
thousands
yeerelie
out
of
Wales
,
and
all
the
marches
were
made
as
a
desolate
and
desart
place
.
The
next
spring
all
the
nobles
of
Wales
came
togither
,
and
sware
to
defend
their
countrie
to
the
death
,
and
neuer
to
forsake
one
another
,
and
that
vpon
paine
of
cursing
;
but
shortlie
after
Meredyth
ap
Rees
of
Southwales
not
regarding
his
oth
serued
the
king
.
Matt.
Paris
,
page
.
1287.
Then
the
king
called
a
Parliament
for
a
subsidie
to
conquere
Wales
,
when
he
had
so
manie
losses
,
and
of
late
all
the
countrie
of
Penbrooke
burnt
and
spoiled
,
1258
wher
the
Welshmen
had
found
salt
plentifullie
which
they
lacked
.
Matt.
Paris
.
page
.
1288.
In
the
which
Parliament
William
de
Valentia
accused
the
Earles
of
Leycester
and
Glocester
,
as
the
workers
of
all
this
mischiefe
:
wherevpon
the
Parliament
broke
without
the
grant
of
anie
subsidie
.
Ibidem
,
page
,
1294
&
1297.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
277.
Againe
shortlie
after
,
the
same
Parliament
by
prorogation
was
holden
at
Oxford
,
where
the
king
and
Edward
his
sonne
were
sworne
solemnlie
to
obeie
the
lawes
and
statutes
of
the
realme
,
but
the
kings
brethren
Gwy
and
William
with
Henrie
son
to
the
king
of
Almaine
,
and
Iohn
Earle
Warren
forsooke
the
oth
,
and
departed
awaie
.
And
there
the
lords
of
Wales
offered
to
be
tried
by
the
lawe
for
any
offense
they
had
committed
against
the
king
vniustlie
:
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
1301.
To
this
Patrike
the
lordship
of
Cydweli
was
giuen
,
if
he
could
winne
the
same
and
keepe
it
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
1307.
but
Edward
would
not
heare
of
it
,
but
sent
one
Patrike
de
Canton
as
Lieutenant
for
the
king
to
Caermardhin
,
and
with
him
Meredyth
ap
Rees
,
and
this
Patrike
desired
to
speake
(
vpon
peace
)
with
the
princes
councell
.
Wherevpon
the
prince
meaning
good
faith
,
sent
his
brother
Dauid
whom
he
had
set
at
libertie
,
with
Meredyth
ap
Owen
and
Rees
ap
Rees
to
Emlyn
to
intreat
with
them
of
peace
,
but
Patrike
meaning
to
intrap
them
,
laid
an
ambushment
of
armed
men
by
the
waie
,
and
as
they
should
haue
met
,
these
men
fell
vpon
the
Welshmen
,
and
slew
a
great
number
of
them
,
but
the
lords
which
escaped
raised
the
countrie
forthwith
,
Matt.
West
.
pag.
278.
and
folowed
Patrike
and
slue
him
and
the
most
part
of
all
his
men
.
And
after
this
,
the
Prince
desirous
of
peace
and
quietnesse
to
redeeme
the
same
,
and
to
end
all
troubles
and
to
purchase
the
kings
good
will
,
offered
the
king
4000.
markes
,
and
to
his
sonne
300.
and
to
the
Queene
200.
to
haue
peace
,
but
the
king
answered
;
What
is
this
to
our
losses
?
and
refused
it
.
It
appeareth
by
the
Records
in
the
Towre
,
that
about
this
time
,
to
wit
,
An.
43.
H.
3.
There
was
a
commission
to
William
bishop
of
Worcester
,
Iohn
Mansel
treasurer
of
Yorke
the
kings
Chaplaine
,
and
Peter
de
Montfort
:
to
conclude
a
peace
with
the
Welshmen
:
but
it
is
like
that
there
was
nothing
doone
to
anie
effect
in
that
behalfe
,
for
the
warre
continued
still
.
Matt.
West
.
pag
284.
Notwithstanding
,
I
find
by
Matthew
Westminster
that
there
was
a
certeine
truce
agréed
vpon
betwéene
the
king
and
the
Welshmen
for
a
yeare
.
pag.
287.
I
read
also
in
the
same
author
,
that
the
bishop
of
Bangor
was
this
yeare
about
Michaelmas
sent
from
Lhewelyn
the
prince
,
and
all
the
Barons
of
Wales
,
to
the
king
to
desire
peace
at
his
hands
,
&
to
offer
vnto
him
the
summe
of
16000.
pound
for
the
same
,
so
that
he
would
grant
the
Welshmen
to
haue
all
their
matters
heard
and
determined
at
Chester
,
as
they
were
woont
to
haue
,
and
to
suffer
them
to
enioy
the
lawes
and
customes
of
their
owne
countrie
:
but
what
answere
the
bishop
brought
againe
,
the
said
author
maketh
no
mention
.
The
yeare
1260.
1260
prince
Lhewelyn
destroied
the
lands
of
Sir
Roger
Mortimer
,
bicause
he
contrarie
to
his
oth
mainteined
the
kings
quarell
,
and
tooke
from
him
all
Buelht
,
sauing
the
castell
which
the
Princes
men
gatte
by
night
without
bloodshed
,
and
therein
much
munition
,
and
so
after
the
Prince
had
passed
through
all
Southwales
,
he
returned
to
his
house
at
Aber
,
betwixt
Conwey
and
Bangor
.
The
yeare
folowing
died
Owen
ap
Meredyth
lord
of
Cydewen
.
And
this
summer
certeine
of
the
Princes
men
tooke
vpon
a
sudden
the
castell
of
Sir
Roger
Mortimer
in
Melienyth
,
and
slew
the
garrison
,
taking
Howel
ap
Meyric
the
captaine
thereof
,
with
his
wife
and
children
,
and
the
princes
Lieutenant
came
and
destroied
it
:
then
Sir
Roger
Mortimer
hearing
this
came
with
a
great
strength
of
lords
and
knights
to
Melienyth
,
where
the
Prince
came
also
,
and
Sir
Roger
kept
himselfe
within
the
wals
of
the
broken
castell
,
&
sent
to
the
prince
for
licence
to
depart
without
hurt
.
Then
the
prince
hauing
his
enimie
within
his
danger
,
tooke
compassion
vpon
him
,
bicause
he
was
his
coosen
,
and
suffered
him
to
depart
with
his
people
without
hurt
.
From
thence
the
prince
went
to
Brechnocke
at
the
request
of
the
people
of
that
countrie
,
which
swore
fidelitie
vnto
him
,
and
so
returned
to
Northwales
.
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
1333.
Tho.
Wals.
Hypodig
.
page
.
63.
Prince
Lhewelyn
being
confederate
with
the
Barons
against
the
king
,
destroied
the
Earldome
of
Chester
,
and
rased
two
of
Edwards
castels
,
Tygannwy
and
Diserth
,
and
thither
came
Edward
and
did
nothing
to
speake
of
.
This
yeare
Iohn
Strange
the
yoonger
being
Constable
of
Montgomery
came
with
a
great
number
of
Marchers
by
night
,
through
Ceri
to
Cydewen
:
which
thing
when
the
countrie
men
vnderstood
,
they
gathered
themselues
togither
,
and
slew
200.
of
his
men
,
but
he
escaped
with
the
rest
backe
againe
.
Shortlie
after
,
the
Marchers
and
the
Welshmen
met
besides
Clun
,
where
the
Englishmen
had
the
victorie
,
and
slew
a
great
number
of
Welshmen
.
At
this
time
Dauid
the
princes
brother
(
whom
he
had
set
at
libertie
)
forsooke
him
,
and
succoured
his
foes
with
all
his
power
.
Then
Gruffyth
ap
Gwenwynwyn
got
the
castell
of
Molde
and
rased
it
.
At
this
time
died
Meredyth
ap
Owen
the
defender
of
Southwales
The
yeare
ensuing
king
Henrie
lead
a
great
armie
towards
Wales
,
1268
and
by
meanes
of
Orobonus
the
Popes
legate
,
Matt.
Paris
.
pag.
1341.
Matt.
West
.
page
.
347.
there
was
a
peace
concluded
betwixt
the
king
and
the
Prince
at
the
castell
of
Montgomery
vpon
Calixtus
daie
,
for
which
peace
the
prince
gaue
the
king
30000.
markes
,
and
the
king
granted
the
prince
a
Charter
,
to
receiue
from
thenceforth
homage
and
fealtie
of
all
the
nobilitie
and
Barons
of
Wales
sauing
one
:
so
that
all
the
foresaid
Barons
should
euer
after
hold
of
the
prince
,
as
their
liege
lord
;
and
he
to
be
called
and
written
from
thenceforth
prince
of
Wales
.
And
in
witnesse
of
this
,
the
king
put
his
seale
and
hand
to
the
said
Charter
,
which
was
likewise
confirmed
by
the
authoritie
of
the
Pope
.
The
yeare
after
this
died
Grono
ap
Ednyuet
Vachan
,
a
noble
man
and
chiefe
of
the
princes
councell
.
In
the
yeare
1270.
1270
died
Gruffyth
lord
of
Bromfield
,
and
was
buried
at
Vale
Crucis
.
Here
endeth
the
Brytish
copie
.
That
which
foloweth
vnto
the
death
of
this
Prince
was
collected
by
Humfrey
Lhoyd
Gentleman
.
AT
this
place
leaueth
the
Brytish
booke
,
H.
Lhoyd
.
and
writeth
no
further
of
the
end
of
this
prince
,
but
leaueth
him
at
the
highest
and
most
honorable
staie
that
anie
prince
of
Wales
was
in
,
of
manie
yeares
before
:
the
writer
(
peraduenture
)
being
abashed
or
rather
ashamed
to
declare
the
vtter
fall
and
ruine
of
his
countrie
men
,
wherevnto
their
owne
pride
and
discord
did
bring
them
,
as
it
doth
euidentlie
appeare
to
him
that
searcheth
out
their
histories
.
But
I
intending
to
finish
the
historie
during
the
gouernment
of
the
Brytaines
,
haue
sought
out
in
other
Chronicles
written
in
the
Latine
toong
,
speciallie
in
the
Chronicle
of
Nicholas
Triuet
(
who
wrote
from
the
beginning
of
the
reigne
of
king
Stephen
,
to
the
coronation
of
Edward
the
second
)
and
such
other
,
asmuch
as
I
could
find
touching
this
matter
.
The
yeare
1270.
1270
Iohn
Earle
Waren
slew
Alan
Le
Souch
lord
chiefe
Iustice
in
Westminster
hall
.
The
yeare
folowing
Edward
with
his
brother
Edmund
went
to
the
holie
land
,
where
at
Acon
he
was
in
danger
to
be
slaine
by
a
villaine
(
vnder
the
colour
of
deliuering
of
a
letter
)
who
gaue
him
fiue
wounds
with
a
knife
.
1272
And
the
yeare
1272.
died
Henrie
king
of
England
,
and
Edward
his
sonne
comming
from
the
holie
land
,
two
yeares
after
was
crowned
at
Westminster
king
of
England
,
1274
to
which
coronation
the
prince
of
Wales
refused
to
come
,
Tho.
Walsh
.
although
he
was
sent
for
,
laieng
for
his
excuse
that
he
had
offended
manie
noble
men
of
England
,
and
therefore
would
not
come
in
their
daunger
,
without
he
had
for
pledges
the
kings
brother
,
with
the
Earle
of
Glocester
,
and
Robert
Burnell
cheefe
Iustice
of
England
,
wherewith
the
king
was
sore
offended
,
but
he
dissembled
his
displeasure
for
that
time
.
King
Edward
could
neuer
brooke
prince
Lhewelyn
,
sithence
the
time
that
he
was
driuen
to
slight
by
him
,
at
their
méeting
in
the
marches
,
whereof
mention
is
made
before
,
page
321.
On
the
other
side
,
Lhewelyn
liked
no
better
of
the
king
than
the
king
did
of
him
.
Againe
those
noble
men
,
which
for
their
disobedience
were
disinherited
by
Lhewelyn
,
were
receiued
and
intertained
of
king
Edward
:
which
things
caused
the
Prince
to
feare
some
euill
practice
by
those
and
other
such
as
hated
him
,
if
he
should
haue
béen
at
the
kings
coronation
to
doo
his
homage
and
fealtie
,
according
to
the
writ
directed
vnto
him
in
that
behalfe
:
as
appeareth
by
an
instrument
sent
by
the
said
Prince
to
Robert
Kilwarby
,
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
the
Archibishop
of
Yorke
,
and
other
bishops
sitting
then
at
their
conuocation
in
the
new
Temple
at
London
,
Anno.
1275.
Wherein
the
causes
of
this
warre
are
contained
:
which
instrument
it selfe
(
as
it
was
then
sent
)
is
extant
at
this
daie
,
written
in
parchment
with
the
Princes
great
seale
therevnto
appendant
,
which
I
haue
séene
and
copied
out
of
the
originall
verbatim
,
being
then
in
the
custodie
of
Thomas
Yale
doctor
of
lawe
,
of
late
Deane
of
the
arches
(
a
great
searcher
and
preseruer
of
the
antiquities
of
Wales
)
which
I
thought
conuenient
here
to
laie
downe
for
the
fuller
vnderstanding
of
this
historie
.
Reuerendissimis
in
Christo
patribus
ac
D.D.
Roberto
Dei
gratia
Archiepiscopo
Cantuar.
totius
Angliae
Primati
,
&
Archiepiscopo
Eborum
,
ac
eorum
Suffraganeis
,
&c.
TO
the
most
reuerend
fathers
in
Christ
and
Lords
,
Robert
by
the
grace
of
God
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
primate
of
England
,
and
the
Archbishop
of
Yorke
,
and
their
Suffraganes
,
being
now
togither
at
London
in
councell
:
their
deuout
sonne
Lhewelyn
Prince
of
Wales
and
lord
of
Snoudon
,
greeting
with
due
obedience
,
reuerence
,
and
honor
in
all
things
.
Be
it
knowen
to
your
reuerend
Fatherhoods
,
that
where
heretofore
contention
and
discord
(
wherof
warre
followed
and
long
continued
)
arose
betwixt
the
king
of
noble
memorie
Henrie
king
of
England
of
the
one
partie
,
and
vs
of
the
other
partie
:
the
same
contentions
and
strife
were
at
the
last
appeased
by
authoritie
of
the
sea
Apostolike
,
and
means
of
the
reuerend
father
lord
Otobonus
,
Deacon
and
Cardinall
of
S.
Adrian
Legate
into
England
:
as
it
appeareth
in
the
forme
of
treatie
and
peace
betwixt
the
said
king
,
and
Edward
his
first
begotten
son
,
lord
Edward
now
king
of
England
,
and
their
successors
on
the
one
partie
:
and
vs
and
our
successors
on
the
other
partie
,
by
the
corporall
othes
of
both
parties
assured
.
Which
forme
of
peace
was
committed
to
writing
by
the
said
Legate
,
with
the
seale
of
the
said
king
,
and
the
seale
of
the
said
lord
Edward
now
king
,
and
with
our
seale
also
.
In
the
which
peace
it
is
conteined
amongst
other
things
(
which
you
doo
well
know
as
we
beleeue
)
that
we
and
our
successors
should
hold
of
the
king
and
his
successors
the
principalitie
of
Wales
.
So
that
all
Welsh
Barons
should
hold
their
Baronies
and
lands
of
vs
and
our
successors
in
Capite
,
and
should
doo
homage
and
fealtie
to
vs
and
to
our
heires
(
one
Baron
excepted
)
for
the
which
we
and
our
successors
should
doo
homage
and
fealtie
to
the
lord
the
king
and
his
successors
.
It
is
further
conteined
in
the
same
peace
,
that
neither
the
said
king
nor
his
successors
,
should
receiue
anie
of
our
enimies
,
nor
anie
running
awaie
from
vs
,
or
our
successors
,
nor
should
helpe
or
maintaine
anie
such
against
vs
or
our
successors
.
The
which
all
are
conteined
in
the
forme
of
peace
,
the
tenor
whereof
the
reuerend
Fathers
of
Strata
Florida
,
and
Aberconwey
bearers
hereof
can
shew
you
.
But
see
reuerend
Fathers
,
the
lord
Edward
now
noble
king
of
England
,
after
the
said
peace
taketh
into
his
hands
certeine
Barons
lands
of
Wales
,
of
which
they
and
their
ancestors
haue
beene
long
possessed
,
and
keepeth
a
Baronie
in
his
hands
which
should
be
ours
by
the
forme
of
peace
:
other
Barons
of
our
land
being
from
vs
fugitiues
,
running
to
him
,
he
keepeth
,
helpeth
and
mainteineth
;
as
Dauid
ap
Gruffyth
,
and
Gruffyth
ap
Gwenwynwyn
,
who
purposed
our
death
and
destruction
.
Notwithstanding
that
since
their
departure
they
haue
robbed
within
our
land
,
committed
slaughter
,
and
burning
of
houses
,
and
doo
still
dailie
commit
the
like
against
the
peace
aforesaid
:
&
although
we
haue
often
sent
our
greefes
&
complaints
by
our
solemne
messengers
,
to
the
said
noble
lord
Edward
,
as
well
before
he
was
king
,
as
since
,
yet
vnto
this
daie
he
neuer
did
anie
redresse
therein
.
Also
that
which
is
more
perilous
,
he
called
vs
vnto
a
place
(
not
to
vs
safe
)
amongst
our
deadlie
enimies
,
our
fugitiues
and
felons
and
their
spies
and
murderers
,
to
doo
him
homage
and
fealtie
:
to
the
which
place
we
can
no
waies
come
without
danger
of
our
bodie
:
especiallie
seeing
our
enimies
aboue
said
be
in
that
place
at
the
kings
table
,
and
sometime
in
counsell
,
and
openlie
brag
themselues
.
And
though
lawfull
and
reasonable
excuses
were
alledged
by
our
messengers
,
before
the
king
and
his
councell
,
why
the
place
was
not
safe
nor
indifferent
,
yet
he
refused
to
allow
or
appoint
anie
other
place
indifferent
for
vs
to
doo
our
homage
and
fealtie
:
which
we
were
and
are
readie
to
doo
vnto
him
,
in
anie
safe
place
by
him
to
be
appointed
,
if
he
will
appoint
anie
:
and
to
performe
the
other
articles
of
the
peace
concluded
and
sworne
.
And
for
that
it
pleased
him
not
to
come
to
anie
place
,
where
we
could
with
safetie
do
him
homage
,
we
were
suiters
to
him
,
to
send
anie
from
him
to
receiue
our
oth
and
homage
,
vntill
it
pleased
him
to
appoint
a
place
,
where
we
shall
doo
our
homage
to
him
personallie
,
the
which
thing
he
vtterlie
denied
to
doo
.
We
therfore
beseech
your
Fatherhoods
earnestlie
,
that
it
please
you
to
consider
what
danger
should
happen
to
the
people
both
of
England
and
of
Wales
,
by
reason
of
the
breach
of
the
couenants
of
peace
aboue
said
:
if
now
warres
and
discord
should
follow
,
which
God
forbid
:
attending
and
calling
to
remembrance
the
prohibition
of
the
holie
father
the
Pope
latelie
in
the
councell
at
Lions
,
that
no
warre
should
be
mooued
amongst
Christians
:
least
thereby
the
affaires
of
the
holie
land
should
be
neglected
:
that
it
would
please
you
also
to
helpe
with
your
counsell
with
the
lord
and
king
,
that
he
would
vse
vs
and
order
vs
according
to
the
peace
agreed
vpon
,
the
which
we
will
no
waie
infringe
.
And
if
he
will
not
harken
to
your
counsell
therein
(
which
God
forbid
)
that
you
will
hold
vs
excused
,
for
we
will
no
waies
as
much
as
in
vs
lieth
procure
the
trouble
or
disquietnes
of
the
Realme
.
And
if
it
may
please
you
to
giue
credit
to
our
messengers
(
which
we
doo
send
to
the
king
at
the
daie
by
him
vnto
vs
appointed
)
to
alledge
our
lawfull
excuses
in
those
things
,
which
they
by
mouth
shall
on
our
part
shew
vnto
you
:
resting
to
doo
your
will
and
pleasure
,
if
it
please
you
to
write
againe
.
Dated
at
Talybont
the
6.
daie
of
October
,
An.
1275.
Shortlie
after
,
the
king
came
to
Chester
,
willing
the
Prince
to
come
thither
and
doo
him
homage
,
which
when
the
Prince
detracted
to
doo
,
the
king
gathered
an
armie
to
compell
him
thereto
.
The
yeare
folowing
,
the
countesse
of
Leycester
,
1277
wife
to
Symon
Montfort
(
which
remained
at
a
Nunrie
in
Montargis
in
France
)
sent
hir
daughter
to
Wales
to
marie
the
Prince
,
Tho.
Walsh
.
page
.
6.
Matt.
West
.
pag.
364.
as
it
was
agreed
betwixt
them
in
hir
fathers
time
,
and
with
hir
came
hir
brother
Aemerike
,
and
a
goodlie
companie
:
who
fearing
the
coast
of
England
,
kept
their
course
to
the
Iles
of
Sylle
,
where
by
chance
they
met
with
foure
ships
of
Bristowe
,
which
set
vpon
them
and
tooke
them
,
and
brought
them
to
the
king
,
who
intertained
the
ladie
honourablie
,
sending
hir
brother
to
be
kept
prisoner
in
the
castell
of
Corff
,
from
whence
he
was
remooued
to
the
castell
of
Shirburne
.
Tho.
Wals.
page
.
6.
Then
the
king
prepared
two
armies
,
whereof
he
lead
one
himselfe
to
Northwales
,
as
farre
as
Ruthlan
,
and
fortified
that
castell
.
And
the
other
he
sent
with
Paganus
de
Camurtijs
a
worthie
soldiour
to
Westwales
,
who
burned
and
destroied
a
great
part
of
the
countrie
.
And
this
yere
it
rained
blood
in
diuers
places
in
Wales
.
The
yeare
ensuing
the
lords
of
Southwales
came
to
the
kings
peace
,
and
did
him
homage
,
and
deliuered
the
castell
in
Stratywy
vnto
the
kings
lieutenant
Paganus
de
Camurtijs
.
Matt.
West
.
page
,
365.
Tho.
Wals
.
page
.
7.
Then
the
prince
vnderstanding
this
,
and
seeing
that
his
owne
people
had
forsaken
him
,
sent
to
the
king
for
peace
,
which
was
agreed
vpon
these
conditions
.
First
,
that
all
those
which
the
Prince
kept
prisoners
of
the
kings
freends
,
and
for
his
cause
,
should
be
set
at
libertie
.
Item
that
the
Prince
should
paie
to
the
king
for
his
fauour
and
good
will
50000.
markes
,
to
be
paid
at
the
kings
pleasure
.
Item
that
foure
Cantreds
should
remaine
to
the
king
and
his
heires
for
euer
,
which
Cantreds
I
thinke
were
these
:
Cantref
Ros
,
where
the
kings
castell
of
Teganwy
stood
:
Cantref
Ryuonioc
where
Denbigh
is
:
Cantref
Tegengl
where
Ruthlan
standeth
:
and
Cantref
Dyffryn
Clwyd
where
Ruthyn
is
.
Item
that
the
lords
Marchers
should
quietlie
enioy
all
the
lands
that
they
had
conquered
within
Wales
.
N.
Triuet
.
Item
that
the
prince
should
paie
yearelie
for
the
Ile
of
Môn
or
Anglesey
1000.
marks
,
which
paiement
should
begin
at
Michaelmas
then
next
ensuing
,
&
that
also
he
should
paie
5000.
marks
out
of
hand
,
and
if
the
Prince
died
without
issue
the
Ile
should
remaine
to
the
king
and
his
heires
.
Item
that
the
Prince
should
come
to
England
euerie
Christmas
to
doo
the
king
homage
for
his
lands
.
Item
that
all
the
Barons
in
Wales
should
hold
their
lands
of
the
king
sauing
fiue
in
Snowdon
,
who
should
acknowledge
the
Prince
to
be
their
lord
.
Item
that
he
should
for
his
life
enioy
the
name
of
Prince
,
and
none
of
his
heires
after
him
:
so
that
after
his
death
the
foresaid
fiue
Barons
should
hold
of
the
king
and
of
none
other
.
Item
that
for
the
performance
of
these
articles
the
Prince
should
deliuer
for
hostages
ten
of
the
best
in
Wales
,
without
imprisoning
,
disinheriting
,
or
time
of
deliuerance
determined
;
&
also
the
king
to
choose
twentie
within
Northwales
,
which
should
take
their
othes
with
the
Prince
to
performe
all
these
articles
:
and
if
the
Prince
should
swarue
from
anie
of
them
,
and
being
thereof
admonished
would
not
amend
and
redresse
the
same
,
they
should
forsake
him
and
become
his
enimies
.
The
Prince
was
also
bound
,
to
let
his
brethren
enioy
their
lands
in
Wales
:
of
whom
Dauid
had
long
serued
the
king
,
N.
Triuet
.
Tho.
Wals
.
page
.
7.
whom
the
king
had
made
knight
contrarie
to
the
maner
of
Wales
,
and
had
giuen
him
in
mariage
the
daughter
of
the
Earle
of
Derby
,
whose
first
husband
was
latelie
deceased
:
to
whom
the
king
gaue
Denbigh
in
Northwales
,
and
a
1000.
pound
lands
therewith
.
His
other
brother
Roderike
was
latelie
fled
to
England
out
of
prison
:
and
Owen
the
third
was
deliuered
at
this
composition
.
N.
Triuet
.
Hol.
pag.
787.
This
peace
was
concluded
in
the
kings
absence
,
who
appointed
one
of
his
Commissioners
,
to
wit
,
the
lord
Robert
Tiptoft
to
take
an
oth
for
him
,
and
authorized
the
said
Robert
,
Anthonie
Beke
,
and
William
de
Southampton
Prior
prouinciall
of
the
Friers
preachers
,
Commissioners
nominated
on
his
behalfe
,
to
receiue
the
like
oth
of
the
said
Lhewelyn
:
for
whose
part
Theodor
or
Tuder
ap
Ednyuet
and
Grono
ap
Heilyn
were
Commissioners
.
N.
Triuet
.
Tho.
Walsh
.
page
.
8.
At
this
time
the
king
builded
a
castell
at
Aberystwyth
,
and
returned
to
England
with
much
honor
:
vnto
whom
the
people
granted
a
subsidie
of
the
twentie
part
of
their
goods
towards
his
charges
in
this
warre
.
1278
The
yeare
folowing
,
the
mariage
was
celebrated
at
Worcester
betwixt
Elianor
daughter
to
Symon
Montfort
and
prince
Lhewelyn
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
367.
Tho.
Walsh
.
pag.
8.
where
the
King
&
the
Queene
,
and
the
most
part
of
the
nobilitie
of
England
were
present
.
Also
the
yeare
after
,
Roger
Mortimer
set
vp
at
Killingworth
a
round
table
for
a
hundreth
knights
,
to
be
exercised
in
the
feats
of
armes
,
and
thither
resorted
manie
knights
from
diuerse
countries
.
N.
Triuet
.
At
this
time
the
king
of
Scots
did
his
homage
to
king
Edward
,
and
obtained
the
kings
letters
that
his
succors
in
the
last
warres
of
Wales
were
not
done
by
the
name
of
seruice
,
N.
Triuet
.
Polydo
.
li.
17.
but
of
good
will
.
And
at
this
time
a
generall
inquisition
was
made
,
how
and
by
what
title
euerie
man
held
his
lands
and
liberties
,
and
the
first
that
was
called
was
the
Earle
Waren
,
who
drawing
out
an
old
sword
said
,
By
this
warrant
mine
ancestours
wanne
their
lands
,
and
by
this
I
doo
and
will
hold
mine
.
And
all
the
Barons
applied
to
this
answere
,
and
the
Quo
warranto
was
no
more
talked
of
.
The
peace
concluded
betwéene
the
prince
of
Wales
and
the
king
of
England
did
not
long
continue
,
by
reason
of
the
seuere
and
stricte
dealing
of
such
officers
as
the
king
appointed
rulers
in
the
Marches
and
the
Inland
countrie
of
Wales
:
who
hunting
after
their
owne
gaines
oppressed
the
inhabitants
,
burthening
them
with
new
exactions
contrarie
to
the
customes
of
the
countrie
;
and
also
shewing
themselues
too
much
affectionate
in
matters
of
controuersie
betwéene
partie
and
partie
,
especiallie
when
anie
Englishman
had
to
doo
in
the
matter
:
which
poling
and
parcialitie
did
altogither
alienate
the
harts
of
the
people
from
the
king
of
England
,
so
that
they
had
rather
die
than
liue
in
such
thraldome
.
Wherevpon
assembling
themselues
togither
,
they
so
moued
Dauid
lord
of
Denbigh
to
be
at
vnitie
with
prince
Lhewelyn
,
and
to
take
pitie
vpon
their
affliction
and
miserie
,
that
he
being
agréed
with
his
brother
,
became
their
captaine
.
Not
long
after
Dauid
lord
of
Denbigh
being
reconciled
to
his
brother
the
Prince
,
1281
vpon
condition
he
should
neuer
after
serue
the
king
of
England
as
he
had
done
before
,
but
become
his
vtter
enimie
,
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Hawarden
,
and
tooke
Roger
Clifford
(
a
noble
knight
)
slaieng
all
that
resisted
,
and
after
spoiling
all
the
countrie
,
he
with
his
brother
the
Prince
laid
siege
to
the
castell
of
Ruthlan
,
the
king
hearing
of
this
hasted
thither
with
a
great
armie
to
raise
the
siege
,
then
the
Prince
retired
backe
with
his
armie
.
Also
the
same
time
Rees
the
sonne
of
Maelgon
,
and
Gruffyth
ap
Meredyth
ap
Owen
,
with
other
noble
men
of
Southwales
,
tooke
the
castell
of
Aberystwyth
,
and
diuerse
other
castels
in
that
countrie
,
spoiling
all
the
kings
people
that
inhabited
there
abouts
.
Therefore
the
king
sent
the
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
to
talke
with
the
Prince
and
his
brethren
,
which
returned
without
doing
anie
good
;
and
by
the
kings
commandement
denounced
them
and
all
their
complices
accursed
.
This
Archibishop
here
mentioned
was
Iohn
Peckham
,
who
was
sent
from
king
Edward
to
prince
Lhewelyn
,
as
this
author
thinketh
:
but
he
himselfe
affirmeth
,
that
he
tooke
that
enterprise
in
hand
of
his
owne
motion
,
contrarie
or
beside
the
kings
mind
:
to
the
which
assertion
of
his
Nicholas
Triuet
and
Thomas
Walsingham
séeme
to
agrée
.
His
whole
dooings
in
this
matter
are
to
be
found
in
the
records
of
Canturburie
,
the
copie
of
the
which
records
being
collected
,
and
for
the
most
part
translated
out
of
Latine
into
English
by
Doctor
Thomas
Yale
,
chanceller
to
that
worthie
prelate
of
reuerend
memorie
Matthew
Parker
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
(
whose
carefull
search
,
painfull
trauell
,
and
chargeable
setting
out
of
the
antiquities
of
this
land
,
euerie
man
that
loueth
his
countrie
cannot
choose
but
commend
and
thankefullie
accept
and
take
in
good
part
)
I
thought
necessarie
here
to
set
downe
for
the
laieng
open
of
the
truth
to
the
view
of
all
men
,
which
▪
heretofore
was
either
maliciouslie
concealed
,
or
negligentlie
omitted
by
all
the
writers
of
this
historie
.
1281
Articles
sent
from
the
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
to
be
intimated
to
Lhewelyn
,
Prince
of
Wales
,
and
the
people
of
the
same
countrie
.
BIcause
we
came
to
those
parts
for
the
spirituall
and
temporall
health
of
them
whom
we
haue
euer
loued
well
,
as
diuers
of
them
haue
knowne
.
2.
That
we
come
contrarie
to
the
will
of
our
Lord
the
king
,
whom
our
said
comming
(
as
it
is
said
)
dooth
much
offend
.
3
That
we
desire
and
beséech
them
▪
for
the
bloud
of
our
lord
Iesus
Christ
,
that
they
would
come
to
an
vnitie
with
the
English
people
,
and
to
the
peace
of
our
lord
the
king
,
which
we
intend
to
procure
them
so
well
as
we
can
.
4
We
will
them
to
vnderstand
,
that
we
cannot
long
tarrie
in
these
quarters
.
5
We
would
they
considered
,
that
after
our
parting
out
of
the
countrie
,
they
shall
not
perhaps
find
anie
that
will
so
tender
the
preferring
of
their
cause
,
as
we
would
doo
,
if
it
pleased
God
(
with
our
mortall
life
)
we
might
procure
them
an
honest
,
stable
and
firme
peace
.
6
That
if
they
doo
contemne
our
petition
&
labour
,
we
intend
foorthwith
to
signifie
their
stubbernes
to
the
high
bishop
,
and
the
court
of
Rome
:
for
the
enormitie
that
manie
waies
hapneth
by
occasion
of
this
discord
this
daie
.
7
Let
them
know
,
that
vnlesse
they
doo
quickelie
agrée
to
a
peace
,
that
warre
shall
be
aggrauated
against
them
,
which
they
shall
not
be
able
to
sustaine
,
for
the
kings
power
increaseth
dailie
.
8
Let
them
vnderstand
that
the
realme
of
England
is
vnder
the
speciall
protection
of
the
sea
of
Rome
:
The
greater
cause
the
more
loue
.
that
the
sea
of
Rome
loueth
it
better
than
anie
other
kingdome
.
9
That
the
said
sea
of
Rome
will
not
in
anie
wise
sée
the
state
of
the
realme
of
England
quaile
,
being
vnder
speciall
protection
.
10
That
we
much
lament
to
heare
that
the
Welshmen
be
more
cruell
then
Saracens
:
for
Saracens
,
when
they
take
christians
they
kéepe
them
to
be
redéemed
for
monie
.
But
(
they
saie
)
that
the
Welshmen
by
and
by
doo
kill
all
that
they
take
,
and
are
onelie
delighted
with
blood
,
and
sometime
cause
to
be
killed
them
whose
ransome
they
haue
receiued
.
11
That
whereas
they
were
euer
woont
to
be
estéemed
,
and
to
reuerence
God
&
Ecclesiasticall
persons
,
they
séeme
much
to
reuolt
from
that
deuotion
:
moouing
sedition
and
warre
,
and
committing
slaughter
,
and
burning
in
the
holie
time
.
Which
is
great
iniurie
to
God
,
wherein
no
man
can
excuse
them
.
12
We
desire
,
that
as
true
christians
they
would
repent
,
for
they
cannot
long
continue
their
begun
discord
,
if
they
had
sworne
it
.
13
We
will
that
they
signifie
vnto
vs
,
how
they
will
or
can
amend
the
trouble
of
the
kings
peace
,
and
the
hurt
of
the
common
wealth
.
14
That
they
signifie
vnto
vs
how
peace
and
concord
may
be
established
:
for
in
vaine
were
it
to
forme
peace
,
to
be
dailie
violated
.
15
If
they
saie
that
their
lawes
or
couenants
be
not
obserued
,
that
they
doo
signifie
vnto
vs
which
those
be
.
16
That
granting
it
that
they
were
iniured
,
as
they
saie
,
(
which
we
no
waies
doo
know
)
they
which
were
Iudges
in
the
cause
might
so
haue
signified
to
the
kings
maiestrie
.
17
That
vnlesse
they
will
now
come
to
peace
,
they
shall
be
resisted
by
decrée
and
censure
of
the
church
,
besides
warre
of
the
people
.
¶
The
answere
of
the
Prince
Lhewelyn
,
to
the
aboue
written
Articles
.
Reuerendissimo
in
CHRISTO
Patri
Domino
Iohanni
,
dei
gratia
Cantuar.
Archiepiscopo
,
totius
Angliae
Primati
,
suus
humilis
&
deuotus
filius
Lhewelyn
Princeps
Walliae
&
Dominus
Snowden
,
salutem
&
filialem
dilectionaem
,
&c.
CVm
omnimoda
reuerentia
,
submissione
,
&
honore
,
sanctae
paternitati
vestrae
,
pro
vestro
labore
quem
intollerabilem
assum
sistis
ad
praesens
pro
dilectione
quam
erga
nos
&
gentem
nostram
geritis
,
omni
qua
possumus
deuotione
regratiantes
vobis
assurgimus
:
&
eò
ampliùs
,
quòd
contra
domini
Regis
voluntatem
venistis
.
Caeterùm
,
quod
nos
rogastis
,
vt
ad
pacem
domini
Regis
veniamus
,
scire
debet
vestra
sanctitas
,
quòd
ad
hoc
prompti
sumus
,
dummodo
idem
dominus
Rex
pacem
debitam
&
veram
nobis
&
nostris
velit
obseruare
.
Adhaec
,
licet
gauderemus
de
mora
vestra
in
Wallia
,
tamen
per
nos
non
eritis
impediti
,
quin
pax
fiat
,
quam
in
nobis
optamus
per
vestram
industriam
magis
quàm
alterius
alicuius
roborari
,
&
speramus
:
necper
Dei
gratiam
erit
oportunum
propter
nostram
pertinaciam
aliquid
scribere
domino
Papae
.
Net
vestras
paternas
preces
ac
graues
labores
spernimus
,
sed
ea
amplectimur
omni
cordis
affectu
,
vt
tenemur
:
nec
erit
opus
,
quòd
dominus
Rex
aggrauet
contra
nos
manum
,
cùm
promptisimus
sibi
obedire
,
iuribus
nostris
&
legibus
(
vt
praemittitur
)
reseruatis
.
Et
licèt
regnum
Angliae
sit
curiae
Romanae
specialiter
subiectum
&
dilectum
,
tamen
cùm
dominus
Papa
necnon
&
curia
Romana
audierint
,
quanta
nobis
per
Anglos
mala
sint
illata
:
viz.
Quòd
pax
priùs
firmata
,
non
fuit
nobis
seruata
,
nec
pacta
:
deinde
Ecclesiarum
vastationes
,
combustiones
,
&
Ecclesiasticarum
personarum
interfectiones
,
Sacerdotum
,
viz.
&
inclusorum
&
aliarum
religiosarum
personarum
passim
,
mulierum
&
infantium
vbera
sugentium
,
&
in
vtero
portantium
,
combustiones
etiam
hospitalium
&
aliarum
domorum
religiosarum
,
homicidiorum
in
coemiterijs
,
Ecclesijs
&
super
altaria
,
sicut
expressiùs
eadem
in
alijs
rotulis
conscripta
vobis
transmittimus
inspicienda
.
Speramus
in
primis
quòd
vestra
pia
&
sancta
paternitas
clementer
nobis
compatietur
,
necnon
&
curia
supradicta
.
Nec
per
nos
regnum
Angliae
vacillabit
,
dum
(
vt
praemissum
est
)
pax
debita
nobis
fiat
,
&
seruetur
.
Qui
verò
sanguinis
effusione
delectantur
,
manifestum
est
ex
factis
:
nam
Angli
nulli
hactenus
sexui
vel
aetati
seu
languori
pepercerunt
,
nulla
Ecclesiae
,
vel
loco
sacro
,
detulerunt
,
qualia
,
vel
similia
Wallenses
nunquam
fecerunt
.
Super
omnia
autem
,
quòd
vnus
redemptus
fuit
interfectus
,
multùm
dolemus
,
nec
occisorem
manutenemus
,
sed
in
syluis
vt
latro
vagatur
.
De
eo
quòd
incoeperunt
guerram
aliqui
tempore
indebito
,
illud
ignorauimus
vsque
ad
praesens
factum
:
&
tamen
ipsi
asserunt
,
quòd
nisi
in
eo
tempore
hoc
fecissent
,
mortes
&
captiones
eis
imminebant
,
nec
audebant
in
domibus
se
fidere
,
nec
nisi
armati
incedere
,
&
sic
praetimore
tali
tempore
id
fecerunt
.
De
eis
verò
quae
facimus
contra
dominum
,
vt
verè
Christiani
per
Dei
gratiam
poenitebimus
;
nec
erit
ex
parte
nostra
,
quòd
bellum
continuetur
,
dum
simus
indemnes
,
vt
debemus
:
ne
tamen
exhaeredemur
,
&
passim
occidamur
,
oportet
nos
defendere
vt
valeamus
.
Cùm
verò
iniuria
&
damna
hinc
inde
considerentur
,
&
ponderentur
,
parati
sumus
emendare
pro
viribus
quae
ex
parte
nostra
sunt
commissa
;
dum
de
praedictis
iniurijs
&
damnis
nobis
factis
&
alijs
emenda
nobis
fiat
.
Et
ad
pacem
firmandam
&
stabiliendam
similiter
sumus
prompti
:
quando
tamen
Regalis
charta
&
pacta
inita
nobis
non
seruantur
,
sicut
nec
hucùsque
sunt
obseruata
,
non
potest
pax
stabiliri
:
nec
quando
nouae
&
inauditae
exactiones
contra
nos
&
nostros
quotidie
adinueniuntur
:
vobis
autem
transmittimus
in
rotulis
damna
&
iniurias
nobis
illatas
,
non
secundum
formam
pacis
priùs
factam
.
Quòd
autem
guerrauimus
,
necessitas
nos
cogebat
:
nam
nos
&
omnes
Wallenses
eramus
adeo
oppressi
,
suppeditati
,
spoliati
,
&
in
seruitutem
redacti
per
regales
Iusticiarios
&
Balliuos
,
contra
formam
pacis
&
omnem
iustitiam
,
non
aliter
quàm
si
Sarraceni
essemus
vel
Iudaei
.
Et
saepe
domino
Regi
denunciauimus
haec
,
sed
nullam
emendam
habere
potuimus
,
sed
semper
mittebantur
Iusticiarij
&
Balliui
ferociores
,
&
crudeliores
.
Et
quando
illi
erant
satiati
per
suas
iniustas
exactiones
,
alij
de
nouo
mittebantur
,
ad
populum
excoriandum
,
ita
,
quòd
populus
malebat
mori
quàm
viuere
:
nec
oportet
contra
nos
militiam
ampliorem
conuocare
,
nec
contra
nos
moueri
sacerdotium
,
dummodo
nobis
fiat
pax
&
seruetur
modis
debitis
,
vt
superiùs
est
expressum
.
Nec
debetis
sancte
pater
omnibus
verbis
credere
aduersariorum
nostrorum
,
sicut
enim
nos
factis
oppresserunt
&
opprimunt
,
ita
&
verbis
defamant
,
nobis
imponentes
quae
volunt
;
ipsi
vobis
saepe
sunt
praesentes
&
nos
absentes
,
ipsi
opprimentes
&
nos
oppressi
,
&
ideo
,
propter
dominum
,
fidem
eis
in
omnibus
non
adhibeatis
,
sed
facta
potiùs
examinetis
.
Valeat
Sanctitas
vestra
ad
regimen
Ecclesiae
per
tempora
longa
.
Data
apud
Garth
Celyn
in
festo
Sancti
Martini
.
To
the
most
reuerend
Father
in
Christ
,
the
lord
Iohn
by
gods
grace
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
Primate
of
all
England
,
his
humble
and
deuout
sonne
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
and
lord
of
Snowdonsendeth
greeting
.
WIth
all
reuerent
submission
and
honor
we
yeeld
our
most
humble
and
hartie
thanks
vnto
your
fatherhood
,
for
the
great
and
greeuous
paines
which
at
this
present
for
the
loue
of
vs
and
our
nation
you
haue
sustained
:
and
so
much
the
more
we
are
beholden
vnto
you
,
for
that
besides
the
kings
pleasure
you
would
venture
to
come
vnto
vs
.
In
that
you
request
vs
to
come
to
the
kings
peace
,
we
would
haue
your
holinesse
to
know
that
we
are
most
readie
and
willing
to
the
same
,
so
that
our
lord
the
king
will
duelie
and
trulie
obserue
and
keepe
the
peace
towards
vs
and
ours
.
Moreouer
,
although
we
would
be
glad
of
your
continuance
in
Wales
,
yet
we
hope
there
shall
not
be
any
delaie
in
vs
but
that
peace
(
which
of
all
things
we
most
desire
and
wish
for
)
may
be
forthwith
established
,
and
rather
by
your
trauell
and
procurement
than
by
any
other
mans
:
so
that
it
shall
not
be
needefull
to
complaine
vnto
the
Pope
of
our
wilfulnes
:
neither
do
we
despise
your
fatherhoods
requests
and
painefull
trauell
,
but
with
all
hartie
reuerence
according
to
our
dutie
do
accept
the
same
.
Neither
yet
shall
it
be
needefull
for
the
lord
the
king
to
vse
anie
force
against
vs
,
seeing
we
are
redie
to
obeie
him
in
all
things
,
our
rights
and
lawes
(
as
aforesaid
)
reserued
.
And
although
the
kingdome
of
England
be
vnder
the
speciall
protection
of
the
sea
of
Rome
,
and
with
speciall
loue
regarded
of
the
same
:
yet
,
when
the
lord
the
Pope
and
the
court
of
Rome
shall
vnderstand
of
the
great
damages
which
are
done
vnto
vs
by
the
Englishmen
,
to
wit
,
the
articles
of
the
peace
concluded
and
sworne
vnto
,
violated
and
broken
,
the
robbing
and
burning
of
churches
,
the
murthering
of
ecclesiasticall
persons
,
aswell
religious
as
secular
;
the
slaughter
of
women
great
with
child
,
and
children
sucking
their
mothers
brests
:
the
destroieng
of
hospitals
,
and
houses
of
religion
,
killing
the
men
and
women
professed
in
the
holie
places
,
and
euen
before
the
altars
:
we
hope
that
your
fatherhood
,
and
the
said
court
of
Rome
will
rather
with
pittie
lament
our
case
,
than
with
rigour
of
punishment
augment
our
sorow
.
Neither
shall
the
kingdome
of
England
be
in
anie
wise
disquieted
or
molested
by
our
meanes
(
as
is
affirmed
)
so
that
we
may
haue
the
peace
dulie
kept
and
obserued
towards
vs
and
our
people
.
Who
they
be
,
which
are
delited
with
bloodshed
and
warre
,
is
manifestlie
apparant
by
their
deedes
and
behauiour
:
for
we
would
liue
quietlie
vpon
our
owne
if
we
might
be
suffered
,
but
the
Englishmen
comming
to
our
countrie
did
put
all
to
the
sword
,
neither
sparing
sex
,
age
or
sicknesse
,
nor
any
thing
regarding
churches
or
sacred
places
,
the
like
whereof
the
Welshmen
neuer
committed
.
That
one
hauing
paid
his
ransome
was
afterward
slaine
,
wee
are
right
sorie
to
heare
of
it
,
neither
do
we
maintaine
the
offender
,
who
escaping
our
hands
keepeth
himselfe
as
an
outlaw
in
the
woods
and
vnknowne
places
.
That
some
began
the
warre
in
a
time
not
meete
and
conuenient
,
that
vnderstood
not
we
of
vntill
now
:
and
yet
they
which
did
the
same
do
affirme
,
that
in
case
they
had
not
done
as
they
did
at
that
time
,
they
had
beene
slaine
or
taken
themselues
,
being
not
in
safetie
in
their
owne
houses
,
and
forced
continuallie
for
safegard
of
their
liues
to
keepe
themselues
in
armour
:
and
therefore
to
deliuer
themselues
from
that
feare
,
they
tooke
that
enterprise
in
hand
.
Concerning
those
things
which
we
commit
against
God
:
with
the
assistance
of
his
grace
,
we
will
(
as
it
becommeth
Christians
)
repent
and
turne
vnto
him
.
Neither
shall
the
war
on
our
part
be
continued
,
so
that
we
be
saued
harmlesse
and
may
liue
as
we
ought
:
but
before
we
be
disinherited
or
slaine
we
must
defend
our selues
as
well
as
we
may
.
Of
all
iniuries
and
wrongs
done
by
vs
,
we
are
most
willing
and
readie
(
vpon
due
examination
and
triall
of
all
trespasses
and
wrongs
committed
on
both
sides
)
to
make
amends
to
the
vttermost
of
our
power
:
so
that
the
like
on
the
kings
side
be
performed
in
like
maner
towards
vs
and
our
people
:
and
to
conclude
and
stablish
a
peace
we
are
most
readie
:
but
what
peace
can
be
established
when
as
the
kings
charter
so
solemnlie
confirmed
,
is
not
kept
and
performed
?
Our
people
are
dailie
oppressed
with
new
exactions
:
we
send
vnto
you
also
a
note
in
writing
of
the
wrongs
and
iniuries
which
are
done
vnto
vs
contrarie
to
the
forme
of
the
peace
before
made
.
We
haue
put
our selues
in
armour
,
being
driuen
therevnto
by
necessitie
:
for
we
and
our
people
were
so
oppressed
,
troden
vnderfoote
,
spoiled
,
and
brought
to
slauerie
by
the
kings
officers
,
contrarie
to
the
forme
of
the
peace
concluded
against
iustice
,
none
otherwise
than
if
we
were
Saracens
or
Iewes
:
whereof
we
haue
often
times
complained
vnto
the
king
,
and
neuer
could
get
any
redresse
:
but
alwaies
those
officers
were
afterwards
more
fierce
and
cruell
against
vs
.
And
when
those
officers
through
their
rauine
and
extortion
were
enriched
,
other
more
hungrie
than
they
were
sent
afresh
to
slea
those
whom
the
other
had
shorne
before
:
so
that
the
people
wished
rather
to
die
than
liue
in
such
oppression
.
And
now
it
shall
not
be
needefull
to
leuie
anie
armie
to
war
vpon
vs
,
or
to
moue
the
prelats
of
the
church
against
vs
,
so
that
the
peace
may
be
obserued
duelie
and
trulie
,
as
before
is
expressed
.
Neither
ought
your
holie
fatherhood
to
giue
credit
to
all
that
our
aduersaries
do
allege
against
vs
:
for
euen
as
in
their
deeds
they
haue
and
do
oppresse
vs
,
so
in
their
words
they
will
not
sticke
to
slander
vs
,
laieng
to
our
charge
what
liketh
them
best
.
Therefore
,
for
asmuch
as
they
are
alwaies
present
with
you
,
and
we
absent
from
you
,
they
oppressing
,
and
we
oppressed
,
we
are
to
desire
you
euen
for
his
sake
from
whom
nothing
is
hid
,
not
to
credit
mens
words
but
to
examine
their
deeds
.
Thus
we
bid
your
holines
farewell
.
Dated
at
Garth
Celyn
,
in
the
feast
of
S.
Martine
.
Certeine
greefes
sent
from
Lhewelyn
,
to
the
Archbishop
:
translated
word
by
word
out
of
the
records
of
the
said
Archbishop
.
WHere
that
it
is
conteined
in
the
forme
of
the
peace
,
concluded
as
foloweth
.
1
If
the
said
Lhewelyn
will
claime
anie
right
in
anie
lands
occupied
by
anie
other
than
by
the
lord
the
king
,
without
the
said
foure
Cantreds
,
the
said
lord
the
king
shall
doo
him
full
iustice
,
according
to
the
lawes
and
customes
of
those
quarters
or
parts
,
where
the
said
lands
doo
lie
.
Which
article
was
not
obserued
in
the
lands
in
Arustly
,
and
betwixt
the
waters
of
Dyui
and
Dulas
,
for
that
when
the
said
Lhewelyn
claimed
the
said
lands
before
the
lord
the
king
at
Ruthlan
,
and
the
king
granted
him
the
cause
to
be
examined
according
to
the
lawes
and
customes
of
Wales
,
and
the
aduocates
of
the
parties
were
brought
in
,
and
the
Iudges
which
vulgarlie
they
call
Ynnayd
,
before
the
king
,
to
iudge
of
the
said
lands
according
to
the
lawes
of
Wales
.
And
the
defendant
appeared
and
answered
so
,
that
the
same
daie
the
cause
ought
to
haue
béene
fullie
determined
according
to
the
appointment
of
our
lord
the
king
.
Who
at
his
being
at
Glocester
,
had
assigned
the
parties
the
said
daie
:
and
though
the
same
cause
was
in
diuers
places
often
heard
and
examined
before
the
Iustice
,
and
that
the
lands
were
in
Northwales
,
and
neuer
iudged
but
by
the
laws
of
Wales
,
neither
was
it
lawfull
for
the
king
but
according
to
the
lawes
of
Wales
to
proroge
the
cause
;
all
that
notwithstanding
he
proroged
the
daie
(
of
his
owne
motion
)
contrarie
to
the
said
lawes
.
And
at
the
last
the
said
Lhewelyn
was
called
to
diuers
places
,
whither
he
ought
not
to
haue
béene
called
:
neither
could
he
obteine
iustice
,
nor
anie
iudgement
,
vnlesse
it
were
according
to
the
lawes
of
England
,
contrarie
to
the
said
article
of
the
peace
.
And
the
same
was
doone
at
Montgomery
,
when
the
parties
were
present
in
iudgement
,
and
a
daie
appointed
to
heare
sentence
,
they
proroged
the
said
daie
contrarie
to
the
foresaid
lawes
:
and
at
the
last
the
king
himselfe
at
London
denied
him
iustice
,
vnlesse
he
would
be
iudged
according
to
the
English
lawes
in
the
said
matter
.
2
All
iniuries
,
trespasses
and
faults
on
either
part
doone
,
be
clearelie
remitted
vnto
this
present
daie
.
This
article
was
not
kept
;
for
that
as
soone
as
the
lord
Reginald
Gray
was
made
Iustice
,
he
mooued
diuers
and
innumerable
accusations
against
the
men
of
Tegengl
&
Ros
,
for
trespasses
doone
in
the
time
of
king
Henrie
:
when
they
bare
rule
in
those
parties
,
wherby
the
said
men
dare
not
for
feare
kéepe
their
own
houses
.
3
Where
as
it
was
agréed
that
Rees
Vachan
ap
Rees
ap
Maelgon
shall
enioie
his
possessions
,
with
all
the
land
which
he
now
holdeth
,
&c.
After
the
peace
concluded
he
was
spoiled
of
his
lands
of
Geneu'rglyn
which
he
then
held
,
with
the
men
and
cattell
of
the
same
.
4
Also
our
lord
the
king
granteth
,
that
all
tenants
holding
lands
in
the
foure
Cantreds
,
and
in
other
places
which
the
king
holdeth
in
his
owne
hands
,
shall
hold
and
enioie
the
same
,
as
fréelie
as
they
did
before
the
time
of
the
warres
,
and
shall
vse
the
same
liberties
&
customes
,
which
they
vsed
before
.
Contrarie
to
this
article
,
the
lord
Reginald
Gray
hath
brought
manie
new
customes
against
the
forme
of
peace
aforesaid
.
5
All
controuersies
mooued
,
or
to
be
mooued
betwixt
the
Prince
and
anie
other
,
shall
be
decided
after
the
lawe
of
the
marches
(
if
they
haue
their
beginning
in
the
marches
)
and
after
the
lawes
of
Wales
,
such
as
in
Wales
haue
their
beginning
.
Contrarie
to
this
article
,
the
king
dooth
and
sendeth
Iustices
to
Anglesey
,
who
presume
to
iudge
there
the
men
and
subiects
of
the
Prince
:
setting
fines
vpon
them
,
contrarie
to
the
lawes
of
Wales
,
séeing
neither
this
nor
anie
like
was
euer
heard
in
times
past
;
imprisoning
some
,
outlawing
others
,
when
the
Prince
is
at
all
times
readie
to
doo
iustice
to
all
men
that
complaine
vpon
anie
of
his
men
.
6
Where
it
is
in
the
peace
,
that
Gruffyth
Vachan
should
doo
homage
to
the
king
for
the
land
in
Yale
,
&
to
the
Prince
for
the
land
in
Ederneon
,
the
kings
iustices
brought
the
ladie
of
Maylor
,
into
all
the
said
lands
of
Edeyrneon
.
The
knowledge
of
which
cause
onelie
pertained
to
the
Prince
,
and
not
to
the
said
Iustices
:
and
yet
for
peace
sake
,
the
Prince
did
tollerate
all
this
,
being
at
all
times
readie
to
minister
iustice
to
the
said
Ladie
.
7
And
though
the
said
Prince
submitted
himselfe
vnto
vs
and
our
will
,
yet
we
neuerthelesse
will
and
grant
,
that
our
will
in
no
case
goo
furder
,
than
is
conteined
in
those
articles
.
Contrarie
to
this
article
,
gold
was
exacted
for
the
Quéenes
workes
at
euerie
paiment
made
to
the
King
:
which
gold
was
neuer
demanded
in
time
of
king
Henrie
,
or
anie
other
king
of
England
.
Which
gold
yet
for
quietnes
sake
the
Prince
paid
,
though
it
were
not
spoken
of
or
mentioned
in
the
peace
.
And
now
further
it
is
exacted
for
the
old
Quéene
the
kings
mother
that
now
is
(
for
the
peace
concluded
with
king
Henrie
)
2000.
marks
and
a
halfe
:
and
vnlesse
it
be
paid
,
the
king
threatneth
to
occupie
the
goods
and
lands
of
Lhewelyn
and
his
people
,
which
he
could
find
in
his
realme
;
and
sell
men
and
beasts
vntill
the
said
summe
were
paid
.
8
Item
when
the
king
inuited
the
Prince
to
his
feast
at
Worcester
,
promising
with
verie
faire
words
,
that
he
would
giue
his
kinsewoman
to
him
to
wife
,
and
enrich
him
with
much
honor
:
neuerthelesse
when
he
came
thither
,
the
selfe
same
daie
they
should
be
maried
before
Masse
,
the
king
required
a
bill
to
be
sealed
by
the
Prince
;
conteining
amongst
other
things
that
he
would
neuer
kéepe
man
against
the
kings
will
,
nor
neuer
mainteine
anie
,
whereby
it
might
come
to
passe
,
that
all
the
Princes
force
should
be
called
from
him
.
The
which
letter
sealed
,
he
deliuered
the
king
by
iust
feare
,
which
might
mooue
anie
constant
man
;
yet
was
not
this
conteined
in
the
peace
,
whereas
the
conclusion
of
the
peace
was
,
that
the
king
should
require
nothing
that
was
not
conteined
in
the
same
.
9
Item
where
in
the
said
peace
all
customes
be
confirmed
to
the
said
Prince
,
as
his
ancestors
of
long
and
dailie
obserued
custome
haue
receiued
to
their
owne
vse
,
all
wrecks
hapning
vpon
his
owne
lands
:
the
Iustice
of
Chester
tooke
a
distresse
of
the
Prince
for
goods
of
shipwrecke
receiued
by
him
before
the
warres
,
contrarie
to
the
forme
of
the
said
peace
.
By
the
which
all
trespasses
of
either
side
were
remitted
;
and
contrarie
to
the
customes
before
said
:
and
if
in
case
it
were
forfeited
,
yet
he
tooke
such
a
distresse
,
fiftéene
pounds
of
honie
,
and
manie
horsses
,
and
imprisoned
his
men
.
And
this
he
tooke
of
the
Princes
owne
proper
goods
,
and
further
tooke
booties
of
Bagiers
which
came
to
Lyrpoole
with
merchandize
,
and
neuer
redeliuered
the
same
,
vntill
he
had
taken
so
much
monie
for
the
same
,
as
it
pleased
him
.
10
Item
when
certeine
men
of
Geneurglyn
had
taken
certeine
goods
of
some
of
their
neighbors
of
Geneurglyn
,
when
they
were
in
the
dominion
of
the
prince
in
Meyreon
,
the
kings
men
of
Lhanbadarn
did
take
awaie
the
said
goods
out
of
the
said
dominion
of
the
Prince
:
and
when
the
Prince
his
men
came
thither
,
and
asked
the
cause
why
they
tooke
the
said
preie
:
the
kings
men
killed
one
of
them
,
and
wounded
other
,
and
the
rest
they
did
imprison
,
neither
could
the
prince
get
anie
iustice
for
the
said
goods
to
this
daie
.
11
And
where
it
is
conteined
in
the
peace
,
that
all
things
committed
in
the
Marches
,
should
be
redressed
in
the
Marches
;
yet
the
kings
men
would
no where
heare
the
princes
men
,
but
put
them
in
the
castell
of
Lhanbadarn
:
which
is
against
the
peace
afore
said
.
In
these
articles
and
diuers
others
,
the
king
standeth
sworne
to
the
prince
,
and
to
his
people
.
And
although
the
prince
as
well
by
himselfe
as
by
his
people
,
haue
often
requested
the
king
to
cause
the
said
peace
to
be
kept
,
yet
was
it
in
no
point
kept
,
but
dailie
the
kings
Iustices
doo
more
and
more
heape
iniuries
and
griefs
vpon
the
people
of
those
parts
.
So
that
it
cannot
be
blamed
,
if
the
Prince
did
assent
to
them
that
first
began
the
wars
,
séeing
the
oth
which
the
lord
Robert
Typtost
sware
for
the
king
,
was
kept
in
no
point
:
and
chéeflie
séeing
the
Prince
was
forewarned
,
that
he
should
be
taken
so
soone
as
the
king
came
to
Ruthlan
,
as
he
had
béene
in
déede
if
the
king
had
come
thither
after
Christmasse
,
as
he
purposed
.
These
greefes
folowing
were
done
by
the
king
and
his
officers
,
to
the
lord
Dauid
ap
Gruffyth
.
WHen
the
said
Dauid
came
to
the
lord
Edward
then
Earle
of
Chester
,
and
did
him
homage
,
the
said
lord
Edward
did
giue
by
his
letters
patents
to
the
said
Dauid
,
two
Cantreds
,
Dyffryncluyd
,
and
Ceinmeyrch
,
with
all
the
appurtenances
:
afterward
when
he
was
made
king
he
confirmed
the
said
gift
to
the
said
Dauid
,
and
gaue
him
possession
of
them
.
Then
afterward
Guenlhian
Lacy
died
,
who
held
some
townes
in
the
said
Cantreds
for
terme
of
life
:
which
after
hir
decease
apperteined
to
Dauid
,
by
force
of
the
foresaid
grant
,
which
townes
yet
the
king
tooke
from
him
,
contrarie
to
his
letters
patents
.
2
Item
,
when
the
said
Dauid
did
hold
of
the
lord
the
king
the
villages
of
Hope
and
Eston
in
Wales
,
of
the
which
he
ought
to
answere
no
man
,
but
according
to
the
lawes
of
Wales
,
yet
the
Iustice
of
Chester
caused
the
said
Dauid
to
be
called
to
Chester
,
at
the
sute
of
one
William
Vanable
an
English
man
:
to
answere
for
the
title
of
the
said
villages
.
And
although
the
said
Dauid
did
often
&
instantlie
desire
him
the
said
Iustice
not
to
procéed
against
him
iniuriouslie
in
the
countie
of
Chester
,
where
he
was
not
bound
to
answere
by
the
forme
of
the
peace
:
yet
he
plainlie
denied
him
to
be
iudged
either
in
Wales
or
after
the
lawes
of
Wales
.
3
Item
,
the
said
Iustice
of
Chester
to
the
iniurie
of
the
said
Dauid
,
did
cut
downe
his
wood
of
Lhyweny
,
and
his
woods
at
Hope
,
as
well
by
the
dwellers
of
Ruthlan
,
as
others
:
and
yet
the
said
Iustice
had
no
iurisdiction
in
those
parts
.
And
not
being
contented
to
get
timber
there
,
for
building
,
as
well
for
Ruthlan
as
other
places
in
the
countrie
,
but
also
destroied
the
said
woods
,
sold
it
,
and
carried
it
into
Ireland
.
4
Item
,
where
the
said
Dauid
tooke
certeine
outlawes
and
rouers
in
the
woods
,
and
caused
them
to
be
hanged
:
yet
the
said
Iustice
accused
Dauid
to
the
king
,
for
succoring
and
mainteining
the
théeues
aforesaid
:
which
was
not
like
to
be
true
séeing
he
caused
them
to
be
hanged
.
5
Item
,
it
is
prouided
in
the
peace
,
that
all
Welshmen
in
their
causes
should
be
iudged
after
the
lawes
of
Wales
.
This
was
in
no
point
obserued
with
the
said
Dauid
and
his
people
.
Of
these
foresaid
gréefs
the
said
Dauid
required
often
amends
,
either
according
to
the
lawes
and
customes
of
Wales
,
or
of
speciall
fauour
:
but
he
could
neuer
obteine
anie
of
them
both
at
his
hands
.
Further
,
the
said
Dauid
was
warned
in
the
kings
court
,
that
assoone
as
Reginald
Gray
should
come
from
the
court
,
the
said
Dauid
should
be
taken
and
spoiled
of
his
castell
of
Hope
,
his
woods
should
be
cut
downe
,
and
his
children
taken
for
pledges
:
who
séeing
he
had
taken
much
paines
and
perill
for
the
king
in
all
his
warres
as
well
himselfe
as
his
people
,
both
in
England
and
in
Wales
,
and
had
lost
therebie
the
most
part
of
the
nobilitie
of
his
countrie
,
and
yet
neuerthelesse
could
obteine
neither
iustice
,
amends
,
nor
fauour
at
his
hands
,
hauing
such
great
wrongs
offred
vnto
him
,
and
fearing
his
owne
life
and
his
childrens
,
or
else
perpetuall
prison
,
being
enforced
,
as
it
were
against
his
will
,
began
to
defend
himselfe
and
his
people
.
Greefs
and
iniuries
offered
by
the
king
and
his
officers
to
the
men
of
Ros.
THis
is
the
forme
of
peace
,
which
the
king
of
England
did
promise
the
men
of
Ros
before
they
did
him
homage
,
which
he
promised
them
to
obserue
inuiolablie
.
That
is
to
saie
,
the
king
should
grant
to
euerie
of
them
their
right
and
iurisdiction
,
as
they
had
in
time
of
king
Henrie
,
according
as
the
said
men
doo
report
that
they
had
in
the
time
of
king
Henrie
.
2
Item
the
lord
the
king
did
promise
the
said
men
,
that
they
should
haue
iustice
in
their
sutes
:
after
granting
of
the
which
articles
,
the
said
men
did
homage
to
the
king
.
And
then
the
king
promised
them
with
his
owne
mouth
faithfullie
to
obserue
the
said
articles
.
This
notwithstanding
,
a
certeine
noble
man
passing
by
the
kings
hie
waie
,
with
his
wife
in
the
kings
peace
,
met
certeine
English
laborers
and
Masons
going
to
Ruthlan
where
they
did
then
worke
:
who
attempted
by
force
to
take
awaie
his
wife
from
him
,
and
while
he
defended
hir
as
well
as
he
could
,
one
of
them
killed
the
wife
,
and
he
who
killed
hir
with
his
fellowes
were
taken
:
and
when
the
kinred
of
hir
which
was
slaine
required
law
at
the
Iustice
of
Chesters
hands
(
for
their
kinswoman
)
they
were
put
in
prison
,
and
the
murtherers
were
deliuered
.
3
Item
,
a
certeine
man
killed
a
Gentleman
who
had
killed
the
sonne
of
Grono
ap
Heilyn
and
was
taken
:
but
when
certeine
of
the
kinred
required
iustice
before
the
Iustice
of
Chester
,
certeine
of
them
were
imprisoned
,
the
offender
set
at
libertie
,
and
iustice
denied
to
the
kinred
.
4
Item
,
certeine
Gentlemen
claimed
some
lands
,
and
offered
the
king
a
great
péece
of
monie
,
to
haue
iustice
by
the
verdict
of
good
&
lawfull
men
of
the
countrie
(
then
the
lands
being
adiudged
to
the
claimers
)
Reginald
Gray
tooke
the
same
lands
,
corne
,
goods
,
and
all
vpon
the
ground
,
so
that
they
lost
their
lands
,
monie
,
corne
and
cattell
.
5
Item
,
it
is
our
right
that
no
stranger
should
cut
our
woods
without
our
leaue
:
yet
this
notwithstanding
there
was
a
proclamation
at
Ruthlan
,
that
it
should
be
lawfull
for
all
other
men
to
cut
downe
our
woods
,
but
to
vs
it
was
forbidden
.
6
Item
,
where
diuerse
honest
men
had
lands
of
the
gift
of
the
said
Dauid
,
the
Iustice
taketh
the
said
mens
lands
awaie
.
7
Item
,
when
anie
commeth
to
Ruthlan
with
merchandize
,
if
he
refuse
whatsoeuer
anie
English
man
offereth
,
he
is
forthwith
sent
to
the
castell
to
prison
,
and
the
buier
hath
the
thing
,
and
the
king
hath
the
price
:
then
the
soldiours
of
the
castell
first
spoile
and
beate
the
partie
,
and
then
cause
him
to
pay
the
porter
,
and
let
him
go
.
8
Item
,
if
anie
Welshmen
buie
anie
thing
in
Ruthlan
,
and
anie
English
man
doo
méet
him
,
he
will
take
it
from
him
,
and
giue
him
lesse
than
he
paid
for
it
.
9
Item
,
the
king
contrarie
to
his
promise
made
to
the
men
of
Ros
,
hath
giuen
the
territorie
of
Maynan
,
Penmayn
and
Lhysuayn
.
10
Item
,
certeine
Gentlemen
of
the
Cantred
of
Ros
bought
certeine
offices
,
and
paid
their
monie
for
the
same
:
yet
the
Iustice
of
Chester
tooke
the
said
offices
from
them
without
cause
.
11
Item
,
Grono
ap
Heilyn
tooke
to
farme
of
Godfrey
Marliney
,
See
this
article
again
pag.
359.
the
territorie
of
Maynan
and
Lhysuayn
,
for
the
terme
of
foure
yeares
:
yet
Robert
de
Cruquer
with
horses
and
armes
and
foure
and
twentie
horssemen
,
came
to
vexe
the
said
Grono
,
so
that
he
had
no
safe
going
,
neither
to
Ruthlan
nor
Chester
,
without
a
great
garrison
of
his
kindred
and
fréends
.
12
Item
,
certeine
Gentlemen
were
arrested
for
trespasses
doone
before
the
warres
and
imprisoned
,
and
could
not
be
deliuered
vntill
they
had
paied
xvj
.
markes
,
which
was
contrarie
to
the
peace
concluded
.
13
Item
,
our
causes
ought
to
be
decided
after
the
custome
of
our
lawes
;
but
our
men
be
compelled
to
sweare
against
their
consciences
,
else
they
be
not
suffered
to
sweare
:
furthermore
we
spent
thrée
hundreth
markes
in
going
to
the
king
for
iustice
in
the
foresaid
articles
.
And
when
we
beléeued
to
recouer
full
iustice
,
the
king
sent
to
our
parties
the
lord
Reginald
Gray
,
to
whom
the
king
hath
set
all
the
lands
to
farme
,
to
handle
the
men
of
the
said
Cantreds
as
it
pleaseth
him
:
who
compelled
vs
to
[
](A17946-e121820-b)*
*
To
sweare
by
his
hand
whereas
we
should
sweare
by
the
hand
of
the
king
.
sweare
in
his
name
,
whereas
we
should
sweare
in
the
kings
name
.
And
where
the
kings
crosse
ought
to
be
erected
,
he
caused
his
crosse
to
be
erected
,
in
token
that
he
is
the
verie
true
lord
:
and
the
said
lord
Reginald
at
his
first
comming
to
those
parts
of
Wales
,
sold
to
certeine
seruants
of
the
king
,
offices
for
lx.
markes
,
which
the
said
seruants
bought
before
of
the
king
for
xxiiij
.
markes
:
which
offices
ought
not
to
be
sold
at
the
choise
of
the
lord
.
14
Item
,
the
king
gaue
Meredyth
ap
Madoc
a
captaineship
for
his
seruice
,
Reginald
Gray
tooke
it
from
him
:
neither
could
he
get
anie
remedie
at
the
kings
hands
for
the
same
.
15
Item
,
one
of
the
councell
of
the
said
Reginald
,
Cynwrie
Vachan
told
vs
by
mouth
,
that
as
soone
as
the
said
Reginald
Gray
returned
to
Wales
,
he
would
take
xxiiij
.
men
of
euerie
Cantered
,
and
either
behead
them
or
imprison
them
perpetuallie
.
16
Item
,
whereas
we
paid
our
taxes
and
rents
in
old
monie
halfe
a
yeare
before
the
comming
of
new
monie
,
they
inforced
vs
to
paie
new
monie
for
the
old
.
These
gréefes
and
the
like
,
the
said
Reginald
offered
vs
,
and
threatned
that
if
we
would
send
anie
to
the
king
to
complaine
he
would
behead
them
:
and
when
we
sent
anie
to
the
king
,
he
could
neuer
speake
with
the
king
,
but
spent
vs
much
monie
in
vaine
.
For
which
gréefes
we
beléeue
our selues
frée
before
God
,
from
the
oth
which
we
haue
made
to
the
king
.
These
greefes
folowing
,
the
king
and
his
Iustices
offered
to
Rees
Vachan
of
Stratywy
.
AFter
that
the
said
Rees
gaue
the
king
his
castell
of
Dyneuowr
,
sithence
the
last
peace
,
the
said
Rees
then
being
in
the
tent
of
the
lord
Payne
de
Gadersey
,
at
the
same
time
there
were
slaine
sixe
Gentlemen
of
the
said
Reeses
men
,
for
whom
they
neuer
had
amends
,
which
was
to
him
great
gréefe
and
losse
.
2
Item
,
Iohn
Gifford
claimed
the
said
Reeses
inheritance
at
Hiruryn
,
and
the
said
Rees
requested
the
lawe
of
his
countrie
of
the
king
,
or
the
lawe
of
the
countie
of
Caermardhen
,
in
the
which
countie
the
ancestors
of
the
said
Rees
were
woont
to
haue
lawe
;
when
they
were
of
the
peace
of
the
Englishmen
,
and
vnder
their
regiment
:
but
the
said
Rees
could
haue
no
lawe
,
but
lost
all
his
lands
.
They
would
haue
had
him
to
answer
in
the
countie
of
Hereford
,
where
none
of
his
ancestors
euer
answered
.
Further
in
the
lands
of
the
said
Rees
were
such
enormities
committed
,
which
doo
most
apperteine
to
the
state
ecclesiasticall
:
that
is
to
saie
in
the
church
of
S.
Dauid
,
which
they
call
Lhangadoc
,
they
made
stables
,
and
plaid
the
harlots
,
and
tooke
awaie
all
the
goods
of
the
said
church
,
and
burning
all
the
houses
,
wounded
the
préest
of
the
said
church
before
the
high
altar
,
and
left
him
there
as
dead
.
3
Item
,
in
the
same
countrie
they
spoiled
and
burnt
the
churches
of
Dyngad
,
Lhantredaff
,
and
other
churches
in
other
parts
:
they
spoiled
their
chalices
,
bookes
,
and
all
other
ornaments
and
goods
.
These
be
the
greefes
which
the
king
and
his
Iustice
gaue
to
Lhewelyn
ap
Rees
and
Howelap
Rees
.
AFter
that
a
forme
of
peace
was
concluded
betwixt
Henrie
then
king
of
England
,
and
the
prince
of
Wales
,
the
said
king
granted
&
confirmed
by
his
charter
to
the
said
Prince
the
homage
of
the
said
noble
men
,
so
long
as
they
stood
fréends
with
the
prince
,
according
to
the
said
gift
&
confirmation
:
but
Edward
now
king
disherited
the
said
Gentelmen
of
their
lands
,
so
that
they
could
not
haue
their
owne
lands
,
neither
by
law
nor
by
fauour
.
These
be
the
greefes
doone
by
the
Englishmen
,
to
the
sonnes
of
Meredyth
ap
Owen
,
AFter
that
the
King
had
granted
the
Gentelmen
their
owne
inheritance
of
Geneurglyn
and
Creuthyn
,
he
contrarie
to
the
peace
disherited
the
said
Gentelmen
:
denieng
them
all
lawes
and
customes
of
Wales
,
and
of
the
countie
of
Caermardhyn
.
2
The
said
king
in
his
countie
of
Caerdigan
by
his
said
Iustices
compelled
the
said
Gentelmen
to
giue
iudgement
vpon
themselues
:
where
their
predecessors
neuer
suffered
the
like
of
Englishmen
.
3
The
said
Iustices
of
the
king
haue
taken
awaie
the
courtes
of
the
noblemen
in
Wales
,
and
compelled
the
people
to
satisfie
before
them
for
trespasses
:
when
as
they
ought
to
haue
satisfied
by
the
said
nobles
.
4
When
a
wrecke
hapneth
vpon
anie
of
the
grounds
of
the
noble
men
,
whose
ancestors
had
wrecke
,
they
should
haue
the
same
:
yet
the
king
forbiddeth
them
,
and
the
said
king
by
color
of
that
shipwrecke
contrarie
to
their
custome
and
law
did
condemne
them
in
eight
markes
,
and
tooke
away
all
the
goods
of
the
shipwrecke
.
5
That
none
of
our
men
of
the
countie
of
Caerdigan
dare
come
amongst
the
Englishmen
,
for
feare
of
imprisonment
:
and
if
it
had
not
béene
for
feare
of
hurt
,
the
nobles
would
neuer
haue
stirred
.
The
complaints
of
the
noble
men
of
Stratalyn
,
of
the
wrongs
and
greefes
doone
to
them
,
by
Roger
Clifford
,
and
Roger
Scrochill
deputie
to
the
said
Roger
Clifford
:
contrarie
to
the
priuilege
,
iustice
and
custome
of
the
said
noble
men
,
as
they
saie
and
prooue
.
WHen
the
said
Rogers
compelled
the
said
men
of
Stratalyn
to
giue
them
(
to
haue
their
customes
and
priuileges
)
twentie
marks
starling
,
and
after
the
paiement
of
the
monie
,
they
brake
by
and
by
after
this
sort
,
to
put
vpon
twelue
men
according
to
the
lawes
of
England
,
which
was
neuer
the
manner
nor
custome
of
the
said
countrie
.
2
Item
,
Madoc
ap
Blethyn
was
condemned
in
foure
markes
vniustlie
,
contrarie
to
the
lawes
and
vse
of
the
countrie
.
3
Item
,
Grono
Goch
was
likewise
condemned
in
fiue
marks
and
twelue
beasts
,
contrarie
to
the
custome
of
the
countrie
.
4
Item
,
the
said
Rogers
tooke
the
lands
of
the
men
of
the
countrie
as
forfeit
:
and
for
one
foote
of
a
stag
found
in
a
dogs
mouth
,
thrée
men
were
spoiled
of
all
that
they
had
.
5
Item
,
Ithel
ap
Gwysty
was
condemned
in
a
great
sum
of
monie
,
for
the
fact
of
his
father
done
fourtie
yeares
before
.
6
Item
,
the
said
Rogers
laid
vpon
vs
the
finding
of
all
the
English
soldiours
,
whereof
before
there
was
but
one
halfe
.
7
Item
,
we
were
giuen
to
maister
Maurice
de
Cruny
,
and
were
sold
to
Roger
Clifford
:
which
was
neuer
séene
in
our
parents
time
.
8
Item
,
the
widow
of
Robert
of
the
Mowld
asked
of
the
king
the
third
part
of
the
land
in
the
Mowld
in
ward
:
whereas
it
was
iudged
before
the
king
,
that
the
said
lands
were
neuer
giuen
in
ward
.
These
be
the
Articles
of
greefes
doone
to
the
men
of
Penlhyn
,
by
the
constable
of
Henrie
Chambers
of
the
white
Abbie
,
and
his
men
.
CYnwric
ap
Madoc
was
spoiled
by
them
in
time
of
peace
,
of
eight
pound
,
foure
oxen
,
corne
the
worke
of
one
plough
for
two
yeares
,
and
to
the
value
of
thrée
pound
,
of
thrée
of
his
men
,
and
they
had
the
worth
of
xvj
.
pound
for
the
said
eight
pound
,
and
did
beate
him
besides
:
which
was
more
wrong
,
for
then
he
was
the
princes
constable
at
Penlhyn
.
And
all
the
cause
that
they
pretended
to
make
this
spoile
,
was
onelie
that
they
said
they
had
found
foure
and
twentie
sheafes
of
tyth
in
the
house
of
a
seruant
of
the
said
Cynwric
.
2
Item
,
Adam
Criwr
was
condemned
in
eight
shillings
eight
pence
,
and
a
mare
,
price
twentie
shillings
,
and
was
taken
and
beaten
,
for
that
he
had
taken
the
stealer
of
that
mare
,
and
brought
him
bound
with
him
,
the
which
théefe
was
forthwith
deliuered
.
3
Item
,
Iorwerth
ap
Gurgeneu
was
condemned
in
foure
pound
,
for
that
he
had
scaped
out
of
their
prison
in
time
of
the
warres
,
and
was
found
in
the
said
towne
in
the
time
of
peace
,
and
this
is
directlie
against
the
peace
concluded
betwixt
the
king
and
the
Prince
.
4
Item
,
Caduan
Dhu
seruant
to
the
constable
of
Penlhyn
was
condemned
,
bicause
he
would
not
receiue
the
old
monie
for
new
.
5
Item
,
Gruffyth
ap
Grono
the
Princes
man
was
spoiled
of
an
oxe
,
price
eleuen
shillings
eight
pence
,
and
after
that
the
constable
had
plowed
with
the
said
oxe
seuen
moneths
,
he
paid
to
the
said
Gruffyth
for
the
said
oxe
,
thrée
shillings
foure
pence
.
6
Item
,
two
seruants
of
one
named
Y
Bongam
were
spoiled
of
two
pounds
,
for
that
they
tooke
a
théefe
that
robbed
them
by
night
,
and
yet
the
théefe
was
deliuered
.
7
Item
,
Eneon
ap
Ithel
was
taken
,
beaten
,
and
spoiled
of
two
oxen
,
price
foure
&
twentie
shillings
&
two
pence
,
for
this
cause
onelie
,
that
the
said
oxen
went
from
one
stréete
to
an
other
in
the
towne
.
8
Item
,
Guyan
Maystran
was
spoiled
of
his
monie
,
because
a
certeine
merchant
of
Ardudwy
owed
them
certeine
things
,
and
yet
the
said
merchant
was
not
of
their
bailiwicke
.
The
greefes
of
Grono
ap
Heilyn
.
A
Tenant
of
Grono
ap
Heilyn
was
called
to
the
kings
court
without
anie
cause
:
then
Grono
came
at
the
daie
appointed
to
defend
his
tenant
,
&
demanded
iustice
for
him
,
or
the
law
which
the
men
of
his
countrie
did
vse
:
all
this
being
denied
,
the
said
tenant
was
condemned
in
seuen
and
twentie
pound
,
j.d.
ob
.
Then
the
said
Grono
went
to
London
for
iustice
,
which
was
promised
him
,
but
he
could
neuer
haue
anie
,
where
he
spent
in
his
iournie
fiftéene
markes
.
2
A
certeine
Gentelman
was
slaine
,
who
had
fostered
the
sonne
of
Grono
ap
Heilyn
,
and
he
that
killed
him
was
taken
and
brought
to
Ruthlan
castell
:
then
the
said
Grono
and
the
kindred
of
him
that
was
slaine
asked
iustice
,
but
some
of
them
were
imprisoned
,
and
the
killer
discharged
.
Then
Grono
went
againe
to
London
for
iustice
which
the
king
did
promise
him
,
but
he
neuer
had
anie
,
but
spent
twentie
markes
.
3
The
third
time
Grono
was
faine
to
go
to
London
for
iustice
in
the
premisses
:
where
he
spent
xviij
.
marks
,
vj.s.
viij
.
d
.
And
then
likewise
the
king
promised
him
that
he
should
haue
iustice
:
but
when
he
certeinelie
beléeued
to
haue
iustice
,
then
Reginald
Gray
came
to
the
countrie
and
said
openlie
,
that
he
had
all
doings
in
that
countrie
by
the
kings
charters
:
and
tooke
away
all
Bailiwicks
,
which
the
king
had
giuen
the
said
Grono
and
sold
them
at
his
pleasure
:
then
the
said
Grono
asked
iustice
of
the
said
Reginald
,
but
he
could
not
be
heard
.
4
The
said
Grono
tooke
to
farme
for
foure
yeares
of
Godfrey
Marliney
,
Maynan
and
Lhysfayn
,
then
Robert
Cruquer
came
with
his
horsses
,
and
armes
to
get
the
said
lands
by
force
,
and
for
that
Grono
would
not
suffer
him
to
haue
the
said
lands
before
his
yeares
came
out
,
he
was
called
to
the
law
,
and
then
the
said
Reginald
Gray
came
with
xxiiij
.
horssemen
,
to
take
the
said
Grono
.
And
for
that
they
could
not
that
daie
haue
their
purpose
,
they
called
Grono
the
next
daie
to
Ruthlan
:
and
then
Grono
had
counsell
not
to
go
to
Ruthlan
.
Then
they
called
him
againe
to
answere
at
Caerwys
,
but
the
said
Grono
durst
not
go
thither
,
but
by
the
conduct
of
the
bishop
of
S.
Asaph
,
for
that
Reginald
Gray
was
there
and
his
men
in
harnesse
.
5
For
these
gréefes
for
the
which
he
could
get
no
iustice
,
but
labour
and
expenses
of
liiij
.
markes
and
more
,
and
for
that
he
durst
not
in
his
owne
person
go
to
the
court
,
he
sent
letters
,
one
to
the
king
,
an
other
to
his
brother
Lhewelyn
,
to
signifie
to
the
king
that
he
should
loose
all
the
fauour
of
the
countrie
,
if
he
kept
no
promise
with
them
,
and
so
it
came
to
passe
,
because
the
men
of
Ros
and
Englefild
could
get
no
iustice
,
the
king
neglecting
the
correction
of
these
things
,
lost
the
whole
countrie
.
Humblie
sheweth
to
your
holines
,
lord
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
primate
of
all
England
,
the
noble
men
of
Tegengl
:
that
when
the
said
noble
men
did
their
homage
to
the
lord
Edward
,
king
of
England
,
the
said
king
promised
them
to
defend
them
and
their
goods
;
and
that
they
should
vse
all
kind
of
right
,
priuilege
,
and
iurisdiction
,
which
they
did
vse
in
time
of
king
Henrie
,
of
the
graunt
of
the
said
king
,
whereof
they
were
after
spoiled
.
FIrst
they
were
spoiled
of
their
right
and
priuileges
and
customes
of
the
countrie
:
and
were
compelled
to
be
iudged
by
the
lawes
of
England
,
wheras
the
tenor
of
that
their
priuilege
was
to
be
iudged
according
to
the
lawes
of
Wales
at
Tref
Edwyn
,
at
Ruthlan
,
and
at
Caerwys
,
and
the
best
men
of
the
countrie
were
taken
,
bicause
they
desired
to
be
iudged
at
Tref
Edwyn
,
according
to
the
tenor
of
their
priuileges
,
by
the
lawes
of
Wales
.
2
Whatsoeuer
one
Iustice
dooth
,
his
successor
dooth
reuerse
the
same
:
for
in
Dauids
cause
Reginald
Gray
reuoked
that
,
which
his
predecessor
confirmed
and
allowed
.
3
If
he
doo
take
anie
Gentleman
of
the
countrie
,
he
will
not
let
him
go
vpon
suertie
,
which
he
ought
to
doo
.
4
If
anie
Gentleman
be
brought
to
the
castell
of
the
Flynt
,
vpon
small
accusation
,
and
his
cattell
withall
;
they
can
neither
be
deliuered
,
nor
haue
delaie
,
vntill
they
giue
the
constable
an
oxe
,
and
vntill
they
paie
thrée
pound
fées
to
Cynwric
for
the
hauing
of
the
delaie
.
5
Reginald
Gray
gaue
the
lands
of
the
men
of
Merton
to
the
Abbot
and
couent
of
Basingwerke
,
against
the
lawes
of
Wales
and
the
custome
of
the
countrie
,
and
contrarie
to
the
forme
of
the
peace
betwixt
prince
Lhewelyn
and
the
king
;
that
is
to
saie
,
xvj
.
Caratatasterrae
.
6
The
noble
and
best
of
the
countrie
be
iniured
for
that
the
king
builded
the
castell
of
Flynt
vpon
their
ground
:
and
the
king
commanded
the
Iustices
to
giue
the
men
as
much
and
as
good
ground
or
the
price
.
But
they
are
spoiled
of
their
lands
,
and
haue
neither
other
lands
nor
monie
.
7
Reginald
Gray
will
not
suffer
men
to
cut
their
owne
wood
,
vntill
he
haue
both
monie
and
reward
,
and
vntill
they
paie
for
it
also
;
but
permitteth
others
to
cut
it
downe
fréelie
,
which
they
ought
not
to
doo
by
the
lawes
and
customes
of
Wales
.
8
Where
the
men
of
Cyrchynan
couenant
with
the
king
to
giue
the
king
halfe
a
medow
,
of
condition
the
king
should
not
suffer
the
woods
to
be
cut
downe
,
Howel
ap
Gruffyth
being
present
:
yet
Reginald
Gray
hath
broken
the
same
,
permitting
euerie
man
to
cut
their
woods
,
and
spoile
them
also
of
their
medowe
.
9
The
sonne
of
Cynwric
ap
Grono
was
taken
at
Ruthlan
,
and
put
in
prison
without
anie
cause
at
all
:
neither
would
the
kings
officers
deliuer
him
,
vnlesse
he
would
redéeme
the
gage
of
a
certeine
woman
,
for
the
which
he
was
constrained
to
paie
much
more
than
the
pawne
laie
for
.
10
When
the
bailiffe
of
Ruthlan
was
at
a
feast
,
Hicken
le
Maile
wounded
a
Gentleman
cruellie
in
the
presence
of
the
said
bailiffe
:
by
the
occasion
of
which
wound
,
Hicken
was
condemned
in
eight
pound
,
and
when
he
which
was
hurt
would
haue
demanded
the
said
eight
pound
,
he
was
put
in
prison
with
Hicken
.
11
The
messengers
of
Reginald
Gray
attempted
an
absurditie
not
heard
of
,
requiring
the
people
of
the
countrie
to
plow
his
ground
,
and
sowe
the
same
:
and
the
messengers
were
Cynwric
Says
and
Hicken
Lemayl
,
and
the
said
Cynwric
sware
openlie
before
the
whole
companie
,
that
vnlesse
all
men
should
plow
Reginald
Grayes
ground
,
they
should
shortlie
repent
it
:
then
the
people
feared
much
,
as
in
that
case
anie
constant
man
would
feare
.
12
The
heires
of
Tegengl
bought
their
offices
for
xxx
.
markes
of
the
king
.
But
afterward
Reginald
Gray
spoiled
them
of
their
offices
and
monie
,
against
the
lawes
and
customes
of
England
.
13
Seauen
Gentlemen
were
wrongfullie
killed
by
the
Englishmen
,
but
as
yet
the
parents
of
the
Gentlemen
can
haue
no
amends
:
and
though
the
offenders
were
taken
,
yet
the
said
constable
let
them
go
without
punishment
.
14
The
constable
of
Ruthlan
kept
two
of
the
kings
soldiours
in
prison
,
for
that
they
tooke
an
Englishman
,
who
had
wounded
a
man
.
All
these
things
conteined
in
these
articles
are
contrarie
to
the
priuilege
,
libertie
and
right
of
the
said
men
,
and
contrarie
to
the
lawes
and
customes
of
Wales
:
neither
dare
the
inhabitants
send
their
complaints
to
the
king
for
feare
of
Reginald
Gray
(
which
feare
anie
constant
man
might
haue
)
because
the
said
Reginald
Gray
said
openlie
,
that
if
he
could
come
by
anie
such
their
messengers
,
he
would
cut
off
their
heads
,
as
it
is
certeinelie
told
vs
by
one
of
his
counsell
:
further
neither
toong
can
expresse
,
nor
penne
can
write
,
how
euill
the
men
of
Tegengl
haue
béene
ordered
.
Humblie
complaineth
vnto
your
lordship
,
my
lord
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
Primate
of
all
England
,
Lhewelyn
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Madoc
.
Lhewelyn
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Madoc
,
of
the
constable
of
Oswaldes
Crosse
,
the
king
and
of
the
men
of
that
towne
,
who
haue
spoiled
the
said
Lhewelyn
of
the
third
part
of
a
towne
called
Lhedrot
,
and
his
fathers
house
without
any
law
,
or
right
,
or
custome
of
the
countrie
.
Further
the
said
Constable
and
his
complices
haue
against
the
lawes
and
the
custome
of
the
countrie
spoiled
the
said
Lhewelyn
of
the
common
and
pasturage
,
which
he
and
his
predecessors
haue
had
and
vsed
time
out
of
mind
:
and
further
condemned
the
said
Lhewelyn
for
the
said
pasture
in
lxx
.
markes
.
And
further
the
king
of
England
granted
certeine
letters
to
a
bastard
called
Gruffyth
Vachan
of
Cynlhaeth
,
to
law
with
the
said
Lhewelyn
for
his
whole
lordship
and
possessions
;
by
the
occasion
of
the
which
letters
,
the
said
Lhewelyn
hath
spent
two
hundreth
pound
of
good
monie
.
Also
the
said
Constable
compelled
the
said
Lhewelyn
to
send
two
of
his
Gentlemen
to
him
,
whom
when
they
came
to
him
he
caused
to
be
hanged
,
which
Gentlemen
ought
not
by
right
to
haue
béene
hanged
,
whose
parents
had
rather
haue
giuen
him
thrée
hundreth
pound
.
Afterward
the
said
Constable
imprisoned
thréescore
of
the
men
of
the
said
Lhewelyn
(
no
cause
alledged
)
but
that
a
certeine
Page
spake
a
word
:
who
could
not
be
deliuered
out
of
prison
,
vntill
euerie
of
them
paid
ten
shillings
.
When
the
men
of
the
said
Lhewelyn
came
to
the
said
towne
to
sell
their
oxen
,
the
said
Constable
would
cause
the
beasts
to
be
driuen
to
the
castell
:
neither
would
he
restore
the
beastes
nor
monie
for
them
.
Further
,
the
said
Constable
and
his
men
tooke
awaie
the
cattell
of
the
said
Lhewelyn
from
his
owne
ground
,
and
did
their
will
with
them
.
Further
the
kings
Iustices
compelled
the
said
Lhewelyn
,
contrarie
to
the
law
and
custome
of
Wales
,
to
deliuer
to
the
sonnes
of
Encon
ap
Gruffyth
,
a
certeine
towne
which
both
he
and
his
ancestors
euer
had
held
.
The
said
Constable
tooke
the
horsse
of
Lhewelyns
Bailiff
:
when
the
said
Bailiff
owed
him
nothing
,
who
could
neuer
get
his
horsse
againe
,
nor
anie
satisfaction
for
it
.
Furthermore
when
the
said
Lhewelyn
should
haue
gone
to
a
towne
called
Caerlhêon
to
appeare
there
as
he
was
appointed
,
the
sonnes
of
Gruffyth
ap
Gwenwynwyn
,
and
the
soldiours
of
Roger
Strainge
,
by
the
counsell
of
the
said
Roger
,
tooke
the
said
Lhewelyn
and
his
men
,
and
imprisoned
them
,
to
their
great
damage
;
which
the
said
Lhewelyn
would
not
for
300.
pound
starling
,
who
could
by
no
meanes
be
deliuered
,
vntill
they
had
found
sufficient
suerties
.
The
Archbishop
receiuing
these
and
other
articles
,
came
to
the
king
,
and
requested
him
to
consider
these
wrongs
,
and
to
cause
amends
to
be
made
,
or
at
the
least
excuse
the
Welshmen
hauing
so
iust
cause
of
gréefe
.
Who
answered
that
the
Welshmen
were
to
be
excused
:
yet
he
said
he
was
euer
readie
to
doo
iustice
to
all
them
that
complained
.
Wherevpon
the
Archbishop
besought
the
king
againe
,
that
the
Welshmen
might
haue
frée
accesse
to
his
Grace
to
declare
their
gréefes
,
and
to
séeke
remedie
:
the
king
answered
they
should
fréelie
come
and
depart
,
if
it
should
séeme
that
by
iustice
they
deserued
to
depart
.
The
Archbishop
hearing
this
,
went
and
came
to
the
Prince
of
Wales
in
Snowdon
,
that
he
might
mooue
him
and
his
brother
Dauid
,
and
the
other
companie
to
submit
themselues
:
whereby
he
might
incline
the
king
to
admit
them
.
Which
after
much
talke
and
conference
with
the
Archbishop
,
the
Prince
answered
that
he
was
readie
to
submit
himselfe
to
the
king
,
reseruing
two
things
:
that
is
to
say
,
his
conscience
,
which
he
ought
to
haue
for
the
rule
and
safegard
of
his
people
:
Conscientia
de
salute
populi
.
and
also
the
decencie
of
his
state
and
calling
.
Which
answere
the
Archbishop
brought
,
2.
Decorum
.
and
reported
to
the
king
.
At
the
which
the
king
said
,
that
he
would
not
anie
other
treatie
of
peace
,
than
that
the
Prince
and
his
people
should
simplie
submit
themselues
.
But
the
Archbishop
(
knowing
well
that
the
Welshmen
would
not
submit
themselues
but
in
the
forme
aforesaid
,
or
in
other
forme
to
them
tollerable
and
of
them
liked
)
requested
the
king
,
that
he
might
haue
conference
in
this
matter
with
all
the
noble
Englishmen
then
present
:
who
after
such
conference
agréed
all
to
these
articles
following
.
The
which
articles
the
Archbishop
did
send
in
writing
to
the
Prince
,
by
Iohn
Wallensis
.
These
are
to
be
said
to
the
Prince
before
his
councell
.
FIrst
that
of
the
foure
Cantreds
and
the
lands
by
the
king
giuen
to
his
nobles
,
and
the
Isle
of
Anglesey
,
he
will
haue
no
treatie
of
.
2
Item
,
of
the
tenants
of
the
foure
Cantreds
if
they
will
submit
themselues
,
he
purposeth
to
doo
as
becommeth
a
kings
maiestie
:
and
we
verelie
beléeue
he
will
deale
with
them
mercifullie
,
and
to
that
end
we
will
labour
and
trust
to
obtaine
.
3
As
touching
the
lord
Lhewelyn
we
can
haue
none
other
answer
,
but
that
he
shall
submit
himselfe
simplie
to
the
king
:
and
we
beléeue
certeinlie
he
will
deale
mercifullie
with
him
,
and
to
that
end
we
trauell
all
we
can
,
and
verelie
beléeue
to
be
heard
.
These
following
are
to
be
said
to
the
Prince
in
secret
.
FIrst
,
that
the
nobilitie
of
England
haue
conceiued
this
forme
of
fauorable
peace
,
that
the
lord
Lhewelyn
should
submit
himselfe
to
the
king
:
and
the
king
should
honorablie
prouide
for
him
a
thousand
pound
starling
,
and
some
honorable
countie
in
England
.
So
that
the
said
Lhewelyn
would
put
the
king
in
quiet
possession
of
Snowdon
:
and
the
king
will
prouide
honorablie
for
the
daughter
of
Lhewelyn
,
according
to
the
state
and
condecencie
of
his
owne
bloud
,
and
to
these
they
hope
to
persuade
the
king
.
2
Item
,
if
it
happen
that
Lhewelyn
marrie
a
wife
,
and
to
haue
by
hir
anie
heire
male
,
they
trust
to
intreate
the
king
,
that
the
same
heire
male
and
his
heires
for
euer
shall
haue
the
same
thousand
pound
and
countie
.
3
Item
,
to
the
people
subiect
to
the
said
Lhewelyn
the
king
will
prouide
,
as
becommeth
their
estates
and
condition
,
and
to
that
the
king
is
well
inclined
.
These
are
to
be
said
to
Dauid
brother
to
Lhewelyn
in
secret
.
FIrst
,
that
if
for
the
honor
of
God
(
Iuxta
debitum
crucis
assumptae
)
he
will
go
to
the
holie
land
,
he
shall
be
prouided
for
according
to
his
degrée
;
so
that
he
doo
not
returne
,
vnlesse
he
be
called
by
the
king
:
and
we
trust
to
entreat
the
king
,
to
prouide
for
his
child
.
2
And
these
things
we
tell
our selues
to
the
Welshmen
,
that
a
great
deale
greater
perill
dooth
hang
ouer
them
,
than
we
told
them
by
mouth
when
we
were
with
them
:
these
things
which
we
write
séeme
gréeuous
,
but
it
is
a
great
deale
more
gréeuous
to
be
oppressed
with
armes
,
and
finallie
to
be
rooted
out
,
bicause
euerie
daie
more
and
more
their
danger
dooth
increase
.
3
Item
,
it
is
more
hard
to
be
alwaies
in
warre
,
in
anguish
of
mind
,
and
danger
of
bodie
,
alwaies
sought
&
besieged
,
and
so
to
die
in
deadlie
sinne
,
and
continuall
rancor
and
malice
.
4
Item
,
we
feare
(
whereof
we
be
sorie
)
vnlesse
you
doo
agrée
to
peace
,
we
most
certeinlie
will
aggrauate
the
sentence
Ecclesiasticall
against
you
for
your
faults
:
of
the
which
you
can
not
excuse
your selues
,
whereas
yée
shall
find
both
grace
and
mercie
,
if
you
will
come
to
peace
.
And
send
vs
your
answer
of
these
in
writing
.
Reuerendissimo
in
CHRISTO
Patri
ac
Domino
Iohanni
,
dei
gratia
Archiepiscopo
Cantuar.
ac
totius
Angliae
Primati
,
suus
in
Christo
debitus
filius
,
Lhewelinus
Princeps
Walliae
,
Dominus
Snowdon
,
salutem
.
CVm
desiderijs
beneuolentiae
filialis
,
ac
reuerentijs
multimodis
,
&
honoribus
Sancte
Pater
,
sicut
vosmet
consuluistis
,
ad
gratiam
Regiam
parati
sumus
venire
:
sub
forma
tamen
nobis
secura
&
honesta
.
Sed
quia
forma
consenta
in
articulis
and
nos
missis
,
nec
secura
est
,
nec
honesta
,
prout
nobis
&
concilio
nostro
videtur
,
&
de
quamultùm
admirantur
omnes
:
quòd
plùs
tendit
ad
ruinam
&
destructionem
nostram
,
&
populi
nostri
,
quàm
ad
nostram
securitatem
&
honestatem
,
nùllo
modo
possumus
consensum
nostrum
in
eam
praebere
;
sivellemus
,
alúque
nobiles
&
populus
nobis
subiectus
nullo
modo
consentirent
,
ob
indubitatam
destructionem
&
dissipationem
,
quae
inde
eis
possit
euenire
.
Tamen
supplicamus
vestram
sanctam
paternitatem
,
quatenus
ad
reformationem
pacis
debitae
,
honestae
,
&
securae
(
ob
quam
tot
labores
assumpsistis
)
prouidè
laboretis
:
collationem
habentes
ad
articulos
quos
vobis
mittimus
,
in
scriptis
.
Honorabilius
est
&
magis
rationi
consentaneum
vt
de
domino
Rege
teneamus
terras
in
quibus
nos
habitamus
,
quàm
nos
exhaeredari
,
&
eas
tradere
alijs
.
Datae
apud
Garth
Celyn
.
To
the
most
reuerend
Father
in
Christ
,
the
lord
Iohn
by
gods
grace
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
and
Primate
of
all
England
,
his
obedient
sonne
Lhewelyn
prince
of
Wales
and
lord
of
Snowdon
sendeth
greeting
.
MOst
hartily
with
all
reuerence
and
honor
we
are
content
and
readie
holie
father
as
you
haue
counselled
vs
,
to
submit
our selues
vnto
the
kings
Grace
,
so
it
be
in
that
forme
that
shall
be
safe
and
honest
for
vs
:
but
because
that
forme
of
submission
conteined
in
the
articles
which
were
sent
vnto
vs
,
is
neither
safe
,
nor
honest
,
as
we
and
our
councell
do
thinke
(
at
the
which
articles
all
men
do
maruell
:
)
tending
rather
to
the
destruction
of
vs
and
our
people
,
than
anie
securitie
and
honest
dealing
,
we
may
in
no
wise
yeeld
our
assent
vnto
it
,
and
if
we
should
so
doo
,
our
nobles
and
people
would
not
agree
to
the
same
,
knowing
the
mischiefe
and
inconuenience
that
is
like
to
ensue
thereof
.
Neuerthelesse
,
we
beseech
your
holie
fatherhood
,
that
for
the
reformation
of
a
decent
,
honest
and
firme
peace
(
for
the
which
you
haue
taken
so
great
paines
)
you
doo
circumspectlie
prouide
,
hauing
respect
vnto
the
articles
which
we
send
vnto
you
in
writing
.
It
is
more
honorable
for
the
king
more
agreable
to
reason
that
we
should
hold
our
lands
in
the
countrie
where
wee
dwell
,
than
that
wee
should
be
disinherited
,
and
our
lands
giuen
to
other
men
.
Dated
at
Garth
Celyn
.
The
Answers
of
the
Welshmen
.
FIrst
,
though
the
lord
the
king
will
haue
no
treatie
of
the
foure
Cantreds
the
lands
that
he
gaue
his
nobles
,
nor
the
Isle
of
Anglesey
:
yet
the
Princes
councell
will
no
peace
to
be
made
,
vnlesse
treatie
be
had
of
them
.
For
that
the
foure
Cantreds
be
of
the
more
tenure
of
the
Prince
,
where
alwaies
the
Princes
of
Wales
had
more
right
,
since
the
time
of
Camber
the
sonne
of
Brutus
:
so
that
they
be
of
the
principalitie
of
Wales
.
The
confirmation
of
the
which
the
Prince
obtained
by
Octobonus
the
Popes
legate
in
England
,
by
the
consent
of
the
king
and
his
father
:
as
it
doth
appeare
by
the
letters
patents
.
And
more
iust
and
equall
it
is
,
that
our
heires
doo
hold
the
said
Cantreds
of
the
king
for
monie
and
vsed
seruice
,
than
the
same
to
be
giuen
to
strangers
,
which
abuse
the
people
by
force
and
power
.
2
All
the
tenants
of
all
the
Cantreds
of
Wales
altogither
doo
saie
,
that
they
dare
not
submit
themselues
to
the
king
,
to
doo
his
pleasure
.
First
,
for
that
the
king
kept
neither
couenant
,
nor
oth
,
nor
grant
by
charter
from
the
begining
,
to
the
Prince
or
his
people
.
Secondlie
,
for
that
the
kings
men
doo
cruellie
exercise
tyrannie
towards
the
Church
and
Church-men
.
Thirdlie
,
that
they
be
not
bound
to
anie
such
matter
,
séeing
they
be
the
Princes
tenants
:
who
is
readie
to
doo
vsed
and
accustomed
seruice
,
and
to
obey
the
king
,
with
and
by
the
said
seruice
.
3
To
that
which
is
said
,
that
the
Prince
should
simplie
commit
himselfe
to
the
kings
will
,
it
is
answered
,
that
none
of
vs
all
dare
come
to
the
king
,
for
the
causes
aforesaid
,
we
altogither
will
not
suffer
our
Prince
to
come
in
that
maner
.
4
Item
,
where
the
great
men
of
England
would
procure
a
prouision
of
a
thousand
pounds
a
yeare
in
England
:
let
it
be
answered
,
that
such
prouision
is
not
to
be
accepted
,
for
that
it
is
procured
by
them
,
who
go
about
to
disinherit
the
Prince
to
haue
his
lands
in
Wales
.
5
Item
,
the
Prince
ought
not
to
dismisse
his
inheritance
,
and
his
predecessors
in
Wales
,
since
the
time
of
Brutus
,
and
confirmed
by
the
sea
apostolike
,
as
is
aforesaid
,
and
to
take
lands
in
England
,
where
he
knoweth
neither
toong
,
maners
,
lawes
nor
customs
,
wherein
he
shall
be
soone
trapped
by
his
neighbours
the
Englishmen
,
his
old
malicious
enimies
,
wherby
he
should
lose
the
land
too
.
6
Item
,
séeing
the
king
goeth
about
to
depriue
him
of
his
ancient
inheritance
,
it
is
not
like
that
he
would
suffer
him
to
possesse
lands
in
England
,
where
he
claimeth
no
right
;
séeing
that
the
Princes
lands
in
Wales
of
his
owne
inheritance
is
but
barren
and
vntilled
,
it
is
lesse
like
the
king
would
suffer
him
to
enioie
good
fertile
ground
in
England
.
7
Item
,
the
Prince
should
giue
the
king
possession
of
Snowdon
for
euer
.
Let
it
be
answered
,
that
séeing
that
Snowdon
is
of
the
appurtenances
of
the
principalitie
of
Wales
,
which
the
Prince
and
his
predecessors
held
since
the
time
of
Brute
(
as
it
is
before
said
)
his
councell
will
not
suffer
him
to
renounce
that
place
,
and
to
take
in
England
a
place
lesse
due
vnto
him
.
8
Item
,
the
people
of
Snowdon
doo
saie
,
that
although
the
Prince
would
giue
the
king
possession
of
it
,
yet
they
would
neuer
doo
homage
to
strangers
:
of
whose
toong
,
maners
,
and
lawes
they
should
be
ignorant
.
For
so
they
should
be
for
euer
captiued
and
cruellie
handled
,
as
the
Cantreds
haue
béene
by
the
kings
bailiffes
and
other
the
kings
men
handled
more
cruellie
than
Sarracens
,
as
it
dooth
well
appeare
by
the
notes
of
their
gréefes
,
which
the
men
of
the
Cantreds
sent
to
you
holie
father
.
These
are
to
be
answered
for
Dauid
,
the
Princes
brother
.
WHen
he
is
disposed
to
see
the
holie
land
,
he
will
doo
it
for
Gods
sake
uoluntarilie
,
not
by
such
inforcement
against
his
will
:
for
he
intendeth
not
to
go
on
pilgrimage
after
that
sort
.
Bicause
he
knoweth
enforced
seruice
not
to
please
God
;
and
if
he
hereafter
shall
for
deuotion
sée
the
holie
land
,
that
is
no
cause
for
euer
to
disinherit
his
offspring
,
but
rather
to
reward
them
.
And
for
that
neither
the
Prince
nor
his
people
,
for
countrie
nor
for
gaines
,
did
mooue
warre
,
inuading
no
mans
lands
,
but
defending
their
owne
lands
,
lawes
,
and
liberties
;
and
that
the
king
and
his
people
of
inueterate
hatred
,
and
for
couetousnes
to
get
our
lands
inuading
the
same
,
mooued
warre
:
wée
therefore
sée
our
defense
is
iust
and
lawfull
,
and
herein
we
trust
God
will
helpe
vs
,
and
will
turne
his
reuenge
vpon
destroiers
of
churches
;
who
haue
rooted
vp
and
burned
churches
,
and
taken
out
both
all
sacraments
and
sacred
things
from
them
,
killing
préests
,
clarkes
,
religious
,
lame
,
dombe
,
deaffe
,
yonglings
sucking
their
mothers
paps
,
weake
&
impotent
,
both
man
and
woman
,
and
committing
all
other
enormities
,
as
partlie
it
appeareth
to
your
holinesse
.
Wherefore
God
forbid
that
your
holinesse
should
fulminate
sentence
against
anie
,
but
such
as
hath
doone
such
things
.
We
who
haue
suffered
all
these
things
at
the
kings
officers
hands
,
doo
hope
at
your
hands
remedie
and
comfort
:
and
that
you
will
punish
such
church
robbers
and
killers
,
who
can
defend
themselues
no
waies
,
least
their
impunitie
because
and
example
for
others
to
do
the
like
.
Uerie
manie
in
our
countrie
doo
much
maruell
that
you
counselled
vs
to
leaue
our
owne
land
,
and
to
go
to
an
other
mans
lands
among
our
enimies
to
liue
:
for
séeing
we
cannot
haue
peace
in
our
owne
land
,
which
is
our
owne
right
,
much
lesse
should
we
be
quiet
in
an
other
mans
,
amongst
our
enimies
.
And
though
it
be
hard
to
liue
in
warre
and
perill
,
harder
it
is
to
be
vtterlie
destroied
and
brought
to
nothing
:
especiallie
for
christians
,
séeking
else
nothing
but
to
defend
our
owne
,
being
by
necessitie
driuen
therevnto
,
&
the
gréedie
ambition
of
our
enimies
.
And
your
holinesse
told
vs
,
that
you
had
fulminated
sentence
against
all
that
for
hatred
or
gaines
doo
hinder
the
peace
.
And
it
appeareth
euidentlie
who
doo
war
for
these
causes
,
the
feare
of
death
,
the
feare
of
imprisonment
,
the
feare
of
perpetuall
prison
,
the
feare
of
disinheriting
,
no
kéeping
of
promise
,
couenant
,
grant
,
nor
charter
,
tyrannicall
dominion
,
and
manie
more
like
compell
vs
to
be
in
warre
,
and
this
we
shew
to
God
and
to
your
lordship
,
desiring
your
godlie
and
charitable
helpe
.
Furthermore
,
if
anie
in
England
haue
offended
the
king
(
as
manie
doo
offend
him
)
yet
none
of
them
be
disinherited
:
so
if
anie
of
vs
haue
offended
the
king
,
let
him
be
punished
and
make
satisfaction
,
as
he
maie
,
without
exhereditating
.
As
we
trust
in
you
,
we
praie
you
holie
Father
to
labour
to
this
end
.
If
they
laie
to
vs
that
we
breake
the
peace
,
it
appeareth
euidentlie
that
they
and
not
we
breake
the
same
,
who
neuer
kept
promise
,
nor
couenant
,
nor
order
,
made
anie
amends
for
trespasses
,
nor
remedie
for
our
complaints
.
Thus
farre
out
of
the
records
of
Iohn
Peckam
Archbishop
of
Cant.
written
about
three
hundreth
yeares
past
,
which
are
extant
this
daie
to
be
seene
.
When
the
Archbishop
could
not
conclude
a
peace
,
N.
Triuet
.
he
denounced
the
prince
&
his
complices
accursed
:
then
the
king
sent
his
armie
by
sea
to
the
Ile
of
Môn
or
Anglesey
,
Hol.
pag.
791.
which
they
manne
,
&
slew
such
as
resisted
them
,
for
the
chiefest
men
serued
the
king
,
as
their
oth
was
,
so
they
came
ouer
against
Bangor
,
where
the
arme
of
the
sea
called
Mênay
(
which
diuideth
the
Ile
from
the
maine
land
)
is
narowest
,
and
the
place
called
Moel
y
donn
,
and
there
made
a
bridge
of
boates
and
plankes
ouer
the
water
,
Cor.
Tacitus
in
vita
Agricolae
.
where
before
Iulius
Agricola
did
the
like
,
when
he
subdued
the
Ile
to
the
Romanes
,
and
not
betwixt
Man
and
Brytaine
,
as
Polydor
Virgil
ignorantlie
affirmeth
.
This
bridge
accomplished
,
so
that
threescore
men
might
well
passe
ouer
in
a
front
,
William
Latimer
with
a
great
number
of
the
best
soldiours
,
and
Lucas
Thany
steward
of
Gascoyn
with
his
Gascoynes
and
Spaniards
(
whereof
a
great
number
were
to
come
to
serve
the
king
)
passed
ouer
the
bridge
,
and
there
saw
no
stirre
of
enimies
:
but
assoone
as
the
sea
beganne
to
flow
,
downe
came
the
Welshmen
from
the
hils
,
and
set
vpon
them
fiercely
,
and
either
slew
or
chased
them
to
the
sea
to
drowne
themselues
:
for
the
water
was
to
hie
,
that
they
could
not
attaine
the
bridge
,
sauing
William
Latimer
alone
,
whose
horsse
caried
him
to
the
bridge
,
and
so
he
escaped
.
Hol.
pag.
791.
There
were
slaine
and
drowned
at
this
time
manie
worthie
soldiours
:
and
amongst
other
this
famous
knight
Sir
Lucas
de
Thany
(
here
named
)
Robert
Clifford
,
Tho.
Wals.
page
.
11.
Sir
William
Lindsey
,
and
two
Gentlemen
of
good
accompt
,
that
were
brethren
to
Robert
Burnell
then
bishop
of
Bath
.
There
perished
in
all
thirtéene
knights
,
Chro.
Dunst.
seuentéene
yoong
Gentlemen
,
and
to
the
number
of
two
hundreth
footmen
,
which
hapned
vpon
S.
Leonards
daie
.
Thomas
Walsingham
writeth
,
that
the
king
lost
in
this
viage
a
little
before
this
,
Tho.
Wals
.
ibidem
.
fouretéene
ensignes
,
at
which
time
the
lord
William
de
Audeley
,
and
the
lord
Roger
Clifford
the
yoonger
,
and
manie
other
were
slaine
,
and
the
king
himselfe
was
driuen
to
take
the
castell
of
Hope
for
his
safegard
.
In
the
meane
time
was
the
Earle
of
Glocester
&
Sir
Edmund
Mortimer
with
an
armie
in
Southwales
,
where
were
manie
that
serued
the
king
,
and
there
fought
with
the
princes
freends
at
Lhandeilo
Vawr
,
and
gave
them
an
overthrow
,
wherein
on
the
kings
side
yoong
William
de
Valence
his
coosen
germane
,
and
foure
knightes
more
were
slaine
.
And
all
this
while
the
Prince
destroied
the
countrie
of
Caerdigan
,
and
all
the
lands
of
Rees
ap
Meredyth
,
who
serued
the
king
in
all
these
warres
.
But
afterward
the
prince
separated
himselfe
from
his
armie
with
a
few
,
and
came
to
Buelht
,
thinking
to
remaine
there
quietlie
for
a
while
,
and
by
chance
as
he
came
by
the
water
Wy
,
Matt.
West
.
page
.
370.
N.
Triuet
.
Tho.
Wals
.
page
.
10.
there
were
Edmund
Mortimer
,
and
Iohn
Gifford
with
a
great
number
of
soldiours
,
and
either
partie
were
abashed
of
other
.
Edmund
Mortimers
men
were
of
that
country
,
for
his
father
was
lord
therof
.
Then
the
prince
departed
from
his
men
,
and
went
to
the
vallie
with
his
esquire
alone
,
to
talke
with
certeine
lords
of
the
countrie
,
who
had
promised
to
meete
him
there
.
Then
some
of
his
men
seeing
their
enimies
come
downe
from
the
hill
,
kept
the
bridge
called
Pont
Orewyn
,
&
defended
the
passage
manfullie
,
till
one
declared
to
the
Englishmen
where
a
foord
was
a
little
beneath
,
through
the
which
they
sent
a
number
of
their
men
with
Helias
Walwyn
,
who
suddenlie
fell
vpon
them
that
defended
the
bridge
in
their
backs
,
and
put
them
to
flight
.
The
princes
esquire
told
the
Prince
(
as
he
stood
secretlie
abiding
the
comming
of
such
as
promised
to
meete
him
in
a
little
groue
)
that
he
heard
a
great
noise
and
crie
at
the
bridge
:
and
the
prince
asked
whether
his
men
had
taken
the
bridge
,
and
he
said
,
Yes
.
Then
(
said
the
Prince
)
I
passe
not
if
all
the
power
of
England
were
vpon
the
other
side
.
But
suddenlie
behold
,
the
horssemen
about
the
groue
,
and
as
he
would
haue
escaped
to
his
men
,
they
pursued
him
so
hard
that
one
Adam
Francton
ranne
him
thorough
with
a
staffe
being
vnarmed
,
Prince
Lhewelyn
slaine
.
and
knew
him
not
,
and
his
men
being
but
a
few
stood
and
fought
boldlie
,
euer
looking
for
their
Prince
,
till
the
Englishmen
by
force
of
archers
mixt
with
the
horssemen
wanne
the
hill
and
put
them
to
flight
.
And
as
they
returned
,
Francton
went
to
spoile
him
whome
he
had
slaine
,
and
when
he
saw
his
face
,
he
knew
him
verie
well
,
and
stroke
off
his
head
,
and
sent
it
to
the
king
at
the
Abbie
of
Conwey
,
who
receiued
it
with
great
ioy
,
and
caused
it
to
be
set
vpon
one
of
the
highest
turrets
of
the
Towre
of
London
.
This
was
the
end
of
Lhewelyn
,
beetraied
by
the
men
of
Buelht
,
who
was
the
last
Prince
of
Brytaines
blood
;
who
bare
dominion
and
rule
in
Wales
.
So
that
the
rule
and
gouernment
of
the
Brytaines
euer
continued
in
some
place
of
Brytaine
,
from
the
first
comming
of
Brutus
,
which
was
in
the
yeare
before
Christes
incarnation
1136.
to
the
yeare
after
Christ
1282.
by
the
space
of
2418.
yeares
.
Shortlie
after
that
the
King
had
brought
all
the
countrie
to
his
subiection
,
the
countrie
men
themselues
brought
to
him
Dauid
the
Princes
brother
,
Thom.
Wals.
pag.
12.
whome
he
kept
in
Ruthlan
castell
,
and
after
put
him
to
death
at
Shrewesburie
.
Then
the
king
builded
two
strong
holdes
in
Northwales
,
the
one
at
Conwey
,
and
the
other
at
Caernaruan
.
When
Rees
Vachan
hard
how
all
things
went
,
he
yeelded
himselfe
to
the
Earle
of
Hereford
,
who
at
the
kings
commandement
sent
him
to
the
Towre
of
London
,
to
be
imprisoned
there
.
And
so
the
king
passed
through
all
Wales
,
and
brought
all
the
countrie
in
subiection
to
the
crowne
of
England
to
this
daie
.
Thus
endeth
the
Historie
of
the
Brytish
Princes
.
The
Princes
of
Wales
of
the
blood
royall
of
England
:
collected
for
the
most
part
out
of
the
Records
in
the
Towre
.
Edward
of
Caernaruon
.
Then
the
king
hauing
the
countrie
at
his
will
,
gaue
whole
lordships
and
townes
in
the
middest
of
Wales
vnto
English
lords
:
as
the
lordship
of
Denbigh
,
to
Henrie
Lacy
Earle
of
Lincolne
:
the
lordship
of
Ruthyn
,
to
the
lord
Reginald
Gray
second
sonne
to
Iohn
lord
Gray
of
Wilton
:
and
other
lands
to
manie
of
his
nobilitie
.
This
Henrie
Lacy
lord
of
Denbigh
was
the
sonne
of
Edmund
Lacy
,
The
lordship
of
Denbigh
.
the
sonne
of
Iohn
Lacy
lord
of
Halton
Pomfret
,
and
Constable
of
Chester
,
who
maried
Margaret
the
eldest
daughter
and
one
of
the
heires
of
Robert
Quincy
Erle
of
Lincolne
,
the
said
Henrie
married
Margaret
the
daughter
and
sole
heire
of
William
Longspee
Earle
of
Sarum
,
and
had
issue
Edmund
and
Iohn
which
both
died
yoong
,
of
whom
the
one
perished
by
a
fall
into
a
verie
déepe
well
within
the
castell
of
Denbigh
,
and
a
daughter
named
Alicia
maried
vnto
Thomas
Plantagenet
Earle
of
Lancaster
,
who
was
in
the
right
of
his
said
wife
Earle
of
Lincolne
and
Sarum
,
lord
of
Denbigh
,
Halton
,
Pomfret
,
and
constable
of
Chester
.
After
the
death
of
the
said
Thomas
,
king
Edward
the
second
gaue
the
lordship
of
Denbigh
to
Hugh
lord
Spencer
,
Earle
of
Winchester
:
after
whose
death
the
same
lordship
was
giuen
by
king
Edward
the
third
,
Anno
Regni
sui
primo
,
as
appeareth
of
Record
to
Roger
Mortimer
Earle
of
March
,
with
diuerse
other
lordships
in
the
Marches
,
in
performance
of
the
kings
promise
while
he
remained
in
France
with
his
mother
,
for
the
prouision
of
a
thousand
pound
lands
of
a
reasonable
extent
for
the
said
Roger
,
assoone
as
by
Gods
grace
he
should
come
to
the
possession
of
the
crowne
and
kingdome
of
England
.
Within
few
yeares
after
,
the
Earle
of
March
being
attainted
,
the
said
lordship
of
Denbigh
was
giuen
by
the
same
king
to
the
lord
Montagu
Earle
of
Sarum
:
but
shortlie
after
An.
29.
Ed.
3.
it
was
restored
againe
with
the
Earldome
of
March
to
the
Mortimers
,
in
the
which
house
the
same
remained
vntill
the
whole
inheritance
of
the
Mortimers
came
with
a
daughter
to
the
house
of
Yorke
,
and
so
to
the
crowne
:
as
appeareth
before
,
pag.
317.
And
now
of
late
it
was
giuen
by
the
Quéenes
Maiestie
that
now
is
,
An.
Regni
sui
.
6.
to
the
right
honorable
Robert
Earle
of
Leycester
,
who
was
then
created
Baron
of
Denbigh
:
H.
Lhoyd
.
it
is
counted
now
one
of
the
greatest
and
best
lordships
in
England
.
The
lordship
of
Ruthyn
continued
in
the
possession
of
the
Grayes
,
vntill
in
the
time
of
king
Henrie
the
seuenth
,
George
Gray
Earle
of
Kent
and
lord
of
Ruthyn
passed
the
same
vpon
some
bargaine
to
the
king
,
and
now
it
is
of
the
possession
of
the
right
honorable
the
Earle
of
Warwicke
.
There
came
the
same
time
with
king
Edward
to
Northwales
diuerse
Gentlemen
,
who
grew
afterward
to
be
men
of
great
possessions
in
the
countrie
,
whose
posteritie
doo
enioy
the
same
to
this
daie
.
Rees
ap
Meredyth
serued
the
king
in
all
these
warres
,
who
did
the
Prince
most
hurt
of
all
men
:
and
was
in
great
hope
of
goodlie
preferments
at
the
kings
hands
:
whom
after
the
ouerthrowe
of
the
Prince
the
king
made
knight
,
and
fed
with
manie
faire
and
good
woords
.
After
that
,
he
and
all
other
his
countriemen
and
neighbours
had
submitted
themselues
to
the
gouernement
of
the
king
of
England
:
Hol.
pag.
796.
it
happened
that
the
lord
Payne
Tiptoft
,
warden
of
the
kings
castels
nigh
vnto
Reeses
countrie
,
and
the
Lord
Alan
Plucknet
the
kings
steward
in
Wales
,
called
the
said
Rees
,
as
they
did
all
other
of
the
countrie
to
the
kings
court
,
whither
he
refused
to
come
,
alledging
his
ancient
priuileges
and
liberties
with
the
kings
promises
:
but
the
said
officers
procéeded
according
to
the
law
against
him
:
1289
wherevpon
a
great
variance
arose
betwéene
the
said
Payne
Tiptoft
,
and
the
said
Sir
Rees
ap
Meredyth
,
so
that
sundrie
skirmishes
were
foughten
betwixt
them
,
and
men
slaine
on
both
sides
,
to
the
great
disturbance
of
the
countrie
.
The
king
hearing
of
these
things
(
being
then
beyond
the
seas
)
wrote
vnto
Rees
ap
Meredyth
,
requiring
him
to
kéepe
the
peace
till
his
returne
:
at
what
time
he
promised
to
reforme
all
things
in
due
and
reasonable
order
:
but
Rees
would
not
giue
ouer
the
enterprise
which
he
had
begun
.
Wherevpon
the
king
sent
to
the
Earle
of
Cornewall
,
Tho.
Wals.
page
.
15.
whom
he
had
leaft
his
lieutenant
in
the
realme
during
his
absence
,
to
send
an
armie
of
men
into
Wales
,
to
withstand
the
disordered
attempts
of
the
said
Rees
.
Who
went
into
Wales
himselfe
,
and
ouerthrew
Reeses
castell
of
Drofolan
:
but
by
vndermining
and
reuersing
the
walles
of
the
said
castell
,
with
the
fall
thereof
,
the
Baron
of
Stafford
&
the
lord
William
de
Monchency
,
with
manie
other
knights
and
Esquires
,
were
oppressed
and
brused
to
death
.
Afterward
Robert
Tiptoft
lord
deputie
of
Wales
gathered
an
armie
,
and
méeting
the
said
Rees
after
the
slaughter
of
4000.
of
his
people
,
Tho.
Wals.
pag.
20.
discomfited
and
tooke
him
.
Who
about
Michaelmas
folowing
,
at
the
kings
going
into
Scotland
,
was
had
to
Yorke
,
and
there
condemned
and
executed
.
Not
long
after
,
1293
the
king
wanting
monie
,
there
was
a
great
subsidie
granted
towards
the
maintenance
of
the
warres
in
France
,
about
leuieng
of
the
which
there
was
much
adoo
in
diuerse
places
:
but
especiallie
the
Welshmen
,
which
were
neuer
woont
to
be
acquainted
with
such
contribution
,
stormed
against
it
:
Matt.
West
.
page
.
395.
so
that
they
tooke
one
of
their
owne
captaines
named
Roger
de
Puelesdon
,
who
at
the
kings
commandement
gathered
the
said
subsidie
,
and
hanged
him
with
diuers
other
,
and
afterward
headed
the
said
Roger.
Wherevpon
the
king
being
sore
offended
for
the
death
of
the
said
Roger
,
whom
he
greatlie
fauoured
,
and
hearing
that
the
Welshmen
began
to
stirre
against
him
in
diuers
places
:
for
the
Westwales
men
had
chosen
Maelgon
Vachan
for
their
captaine
,
and
destroied
all
Caerdigan
and
Penbrooke
,
and
returned
with
rich
spoiles
:
they
of
Glamorgan
and
the
South
parts
,
tooke
one
named
Morgan
for
their
leader
,
and
driuing
the
Earle
of
Glocester
out
of
the
countrie
,
they
restored
to
the
said
Morgan
againe
those
possessions
which
the
ancestors
of
the
said
Earle
by
force
and
great
wrong
had
taken
from
the
said
Morgans
predecessors
.
The
Northwales
men
had
set
vp
one
Madoc
being
of
the
kindred
of
the
last
Lhewelyn
slaine
at
Buelht
,
who
gathering
a
great
power
came
to
Caernaruon
,
and
slew
a
great
number
of
Englishmen
which
were
come
thither
to
the
Faire
,
and
spoiled
the
whole
towne
:
then
(
I
saie
)
the
king
called
backe
his
brother
Edmond
Earle
of
Lancaster
,
and
Henrie
Lacy
Earle
of
Lincolne
and
lord
of
Denbigh
,
who
had
an
armie
readie
to
passe
into
Gascoyn
.
Hol.
pag.
810.
These
Earles
came
towards
Northwales
,
and
as
they
approched
néere
vnto
the
castell
of
Denbigh
vpon
S.
Martyns
daie
,
the
Welshmen
with
great
force
encountred
them
,
and
giuing
them
battell
,
droue
them
backe
,
and
discomfited
their
people
.
Then
the
king
himselfe
came
to
Wales
,
and
kept
his
Christmas
at
Aberconwey
,
where
Robert
Wynchelsey
archbishop
of
Canturburie
came
vnto
him
and
did
his
homage
,
and
then
returned
home
.
The
king
as
he
passed
further
into
the
countrie
,
lost
much
of
his
carriages
,
which
the
Welshmen
tooke
,
being
loden
with
vittell
and
prouision
for
the
armie
:
so
that
the
king
and
his
people
indured
great
penurie
,
and
was
constrained
to
drinke
water
mixt
with
honie
,
and
eate
verie
grosse
and
course
meate
,
where
he
was
verie
like
to
haue
béene
distressed
,
had
not
the
other
part
of
his
armie
come
vnto
him
in
time
.
While
the
king
remained
in
Snowdon
,
N.
Triuet
.
Tho.
Wals.
page
.
27.
the
Earle
of
Warwicke
hearing
that
a
great
number
of
Welshmen
were
assembled
togither
,
and
lodged
in
a
vallie
betwixt
two
woods
,
chose
out
a
companie
of
horssemen
,
with
certeine
crossebowes
and
archers
,
and
comming
vpon
the
Welshmen
in
the
night
,
compassed
them
round
about
,
who
pitching
the
ends
of
their
speares
,
and
turning
the
points
against
their
enimies
,
stood
at
defense
so
to
kéepe
off
the
horssemen
.
But
the
Earle
hauing
placed
his
battell
so
,
that
euer
betwixt
two
horssemen
there
stood
a
crossebow
,
a
great
part
of
the
Welshmen
,
who
stood
at
defense
in
maner
aforesaid
with
their
speares
,
were
ouerthrowne
and
broken
with
the
shot
of
the
quarels
,
and
then
the
Earle
charged
the
residue
with
a
troupe
of
horssemen
,
and
bare
them
downe
with
such
slaughter
,
as
they
had
not
susteined
the
like
losse
of
people
(
as
was
thought
)
at
anie
time
before
.
After
this
the
king
builded
a
strong
castell
within
the
Ile
of
Anglesey
,
and
called
the
same
Buemarish
:
Beumarish
built
.
and
so
putting
all
things
in
quietnesse
,
and
punishing
such
as
had
put
to
death
Roger
de
Puelesdon
,
he
returned
home
with
his
armie
.
But
Madoc
within
a
while
after
leauieng
an
armie
of
men
came
to
Oswestrie
,
where
the
people
yéelded
vnto
him
:
and
méeting
with
the
lord
Strange
with
a
companie
of
Marchers
not
farre
from
Knookine
,
ouerthrew
him
,
and
spoiled
his
countrie
miserablie
,
and
shortlie
after
he
gaue
the
Marchers
another
ouerthrow
.
But
for
all
that
the
lord
Marchers
nothing
dismaied
at
this
mischance
,
gathered
a
great
power
anew
,
&
met
Madoc
as
he
was
comming
towards
Shrewesburie
vpon
the
hils
of
Cefn
Digolh
not
farre
from
Caurs
castell
,
where
after
a
long
fight
the
said
Madoc
was
taken
,
and
his
men
discomfited
and
put
to
flight
.
Then
he
was
sent
to
the
Towre
of
London
,
there
to
remaine
in
perpetuall
prison
.
There
be
some
which
affirme
,
that
Madoc
was
not
taken
,
but
rather
after
manie
aduentures
and
sundrie
conflicts
,
when
the
Welshmen
were
brought
into
an
issue
of
great
extremitie
,
the
said
Madoc
came
in
,
and
submitted
himselfe
to
the
kings
peace
,
and
was
receiued
vpon
condition
,
that
he
should
pursue
Morgan
till
he
had
taken
him
and
brought
him
to
the
kings
prison
:
which
was
done
,
and
so
all
things
in
those
parties
were
set
in
rest
and
peace
,
and
manie
hostages
of
the
chiefest
of
the
nobilitie
of
Wales
were
deliuered
to
the
king
,
who
sent
them
to
diuerse
castels
in
England
,
where
they
were
safelie
kept
almost
to
the
end
of
the
warres
that
followed
with
Scotland
.
In
the
29.
yeare
of
king
Edward
the
first
,
Edward
prince
of
Wales
came
to
Chester
,
where
he
receiued
the
homage
of
the
fréeholders
of
Wales
,
as
:
-
Henrie
Earle
of
Lancaster
did
homage
and
fealtie
for
Monmouth
.
-
Reginald
Gray
for
Ruthyn
.
-
Fulke
Fitzwarren
for
his
lands
in
Wales
.
-
The
lord
William
Martin
for
his
lands
in
Cemaes
.
-
Roger
Mortimer
for
his
lands
in
Wales
.
-
Henrie
Lacy
Earle
of
Lincolne
for
the
land
of
Ros
and
Ryuoneoc
in
Wales
.
The
Homage
doon
to
Edward
Prince
of
Wales
,
out
of
the
Records
.
-
Robert
lord
Mount
alt
for
his
land
in
Wales
.
-
Gruffyth
lord
of
Poole
for
the
lordship
of
Powys
.
-
Sir
Gruffyth
Lhoyd
knight
.
-
Tuder
ap
Grono
of
Anglesey
.
-
Madoc
ap
Tuder
Archdeacon
of
Anglesey
.
-
Encon
ap
Howel
of
Caernaruon
.
-
Tuder
ap
Gruffyth
.
-
Lhewelyn
ap
Ednyuet
.
-
Gruffyth
Vachan
the
sonne
of
Gruffyth
ap
Iorwerth
.
-
Madoc
Vachan
Denglfield
.
-
Lhewelyn
bishop
of
S.
Asaph
.
-
Flint
.
Engl.
Maister
Richard
de
Puelesdon
.
This
man
(
as
appeareth
by
the
Records
in
the
Towre
)
was
made
Sheriffe
of
Caernaruon
shire
during
his
life
,
with
the
stipend
of
fourtie
pound
starling
yearelie
,
An.
12.
Ed.
1.
Gruffyth
ap
Tuder
.
Ithel
Vachan
.
Ithel
ap
Blethyn
,
&c.
The
lord
Richard
de
Sutton
Baron
of
Malpas
did
homage
and
fealtie
to
Edward
Prince
of
Wales
and
Earle
of
Chester
for
the
said
Baronie
of
Malpas
,
Apud
Ruthlan
27.
Die
Aprilis
,
An.
supra
dicto
.
Anianus
or
Eneon
bishop
of
Bangor
,
and
Dauid
Abbot
of
Maynan
,
did
homage
and
fealtie
to
the
said
Edward
Prince
of
Wales
,
Apud
Conwey
28.
Aprilis
An.
supra
dicto
.
Lewys
de
Felton
the
sonne
of
Richard
de
Felton
did
homage
and
fealtie
to
Edward
Prince
of
Wales
,
for
the
lands
which
the
said
Richard
held
of
the
prince
in
Maelor
Saesneg
.
Iohn
Erle
Warren
did
homage
&
fealtie
to
Edward
prince
of
Wales
,
in
the
chappell
of
the
lord
Iohn
de
Kirkbie
,
sometime
bishop
of
Elie
,
at
London
25.
die
Iulij
,
An.
30.
E.
1.
for
the
lordships
of
Bromfield
and
Yal
.
The
same
Iohn
Earle
Warren
swore
fealtie
vnto
the
said
Prince
for
the
lands
in
Hopdale
.
The
lord
Edmund
Mortimer
the
first
daie
of
Nouember
,
An.
30.
Ed.
1.
in
the
house
of
the
bishop
of
Elie
at
London
,
did
homage
and
fealtie
to
Edward
prince
of
Wales
before
his
councell
,
for
his
lands
of
Cery
and
Cydewen
.
About
the
yeare
1322.
1322
one
Sir
Gruffyth
Lhoyd
knight
gathered
a
great
number
of
Welshmen
,
Hol.
pag.
863.
and
tooke
diuers
castles
in
Wales
,
which
were
kept
by
the
people
of
the
lord
Mortimer
the
elder
.
He
tooke
also
the
castels
of
Mould
,
Chirk
,
&c.
The
kéepers
whereof
(
comming
to
Prince
Edward
at
Shrewesburie
who
then
was
king
of
England
)
submitted
themselues
to
him
,
and
were
shortlie
after
sent
to
the
Towre
of
London
.
Edward
of
Windsore
.
THe
same
yeare
béeing
the
fiftéenth
of
the
reigne
of
king
Edward
the
second
,
Hol.
pag.
869.
Edward
de
Windsore
the
kings
eldest
sonne
was
in
a
parliament
holden
at
Yorke
created
prince
of
Wales
and
Duke
of
Aquitane
.
Edward
of
Woodstoke
surnamed
the
blacke
Prince
.
EDward
borne
at
Woodstoke
,
sonne
and
heire
to
king
Edward
the
third
,
was
created
Prince
of
Wales
the
twelfe
daie
of
Maie
,
in
the
xvij
.
yeare
of
his
fathers
reigne
,
when
he
was
fouretéene
yeares
of
age
,
who
in
time
grue
to
be
the
flowre
of
chiualrie
of
all
Europe
.
He
tooke
Iohn
the
French
king
prisoner
,
at
the
battell
of
Poytiers
,
and
died
,
his
father
yet
liuing
,
the
eight
of
Iulie
,
in
the
xlvj
.
yeare
of
his
age
,
and
the
fiftie
of
his
fathers
reigne
:
a
prince
of
such
excellent
demeanor
,
so
valiant
,
wife
,
and
politike
in
his
dooings
,
that
the
verie
and
perfect
representation
of
knighthood
appeared
most
liuely
in
his
person
:
for
such
was
his
towardnesse
,
or
rather
perfection
in
princelie
gouernement
,
that
if
he
had
liued
and
atteined
the
crowne
,
euerie
man
iudged
that
he
would
surelie
haue
excéeded
the
glorious
renowme
of
all
his
ancestors
.
Richard
of
Burdeuxe
.
RIchard
the
sonne
of
Edward
,
Prince
of
Wales
,
was
after
the
death
of
his
father
created
Prince
of
Wales
,
at
Hauering
at
Bowre
,
the
20.
daie
of
Nouember
in
the
50.
yeare
of
king
Edward
the
third
his
Grandfather
,
he
was
after
the
death
of
his
said
Grandfather
,
king
of
England
,
by
the
name
of
king
Richard
the
second
.
Henrie
of
Monmouth
.
In
the
time
of
king
Richard
the
second
there
was
one
Owen
ap
Gruffyth
Vachan
descended
of
a
yoonger
sonne
of
Gruffyth
ap
Madoc
lord
of
Bromfield
.
This
Owen
was
first
a
student
at
the
lawes
of
the
Realme
,
and
became
an
vtter
barrester
,
or
an
apprentise
of
the
law
(
as
they
terme
him
)
and
serued
king
Richard
in
great
credit
and
fauour
;
betwéene
whom
and
the
lord
Gray
of
Ruthyn
happened
some
discord
about
a
péece
of
commons
,
lieng
betwéene
the
lordship
of
Ruthyn
,
and
the
lordship
of
Glyndourdwy
,
wherof
Owen
was
owner
,
and
thereof
tooke
his
surname
of
Glyndour
.
During
the
reigne
of
king
Richard
,
Owen
was
too
hard
for
the
lord
Gray
,
being
then
a
seruitour
in
court
with
king
Richard
,
(
with
whom
he
was
at
the
time
of
his
taking
by
the
duke
of
Lancaster
in
the
castell
of
Flynt
)
but
after
that
king
Richard
was
put
downe
,
the
lord
Gray
being
now
better
fréended
than
Owen
,
entred
vpon
the
said
commons
:
wherevpon
Owen
hauing
manie
fréends
and
folowers
in
his
countrie
(
as
those
that
be
great
with
Princes
commonlie
haue
)
put
himselfe
in
armour
against
the
lord
Gray
,
whom
he
méeting
in
the
field
ouercame
and
tooke
prisoner
.
This
was
the
verie
begining
and
the
cause
of
Owens
rising
and
attempts
.
Upon
the
taking
of
the
lord
Gray
,
and
spoiling
of
his
lordship
of
Ruthyn
,
manie
resorted
to
Owen
from
all
partes
of
Wales
,
some
thinking
that
he
was
aswell
in
fauour
now
as
he
was
in
king
Richards
daies
:
some
other
putting
in
his
head
,
that
now
the
time
was
come
wherein
the
Brytaines
through
his
meanes
might
recouer
againe
the
honour
and
liberties
of
their
ancestors
.
These
things
being
laid
before
Owen
by
such
as
were
verie
cunning
in
Merlins
prophesies
and
the
interpretations
of
the
same
(
for
there
were
in
those
daies
,
as
I
feare
there
be
now
,
some
singular
men
which
are
déepelie
ouerséene
in
those
mysteries
,
and
hope
one
daie
to
méete
veluet
vpon
London
bridge
with
their
bowes
)
brought
him
into
such
a
fooles
paradise
,
that
he
neuer
waieng
what
title
he
might
pretend
nor
what
right
he
had
,
procéeded
and
made
warre
vpon
the
Earle
of
March
,
who
was
the
right
inheritour
aswell
to
the
Principalitie
of
Wales
,
as
appeareth
before
pag.
315.
as
to
the
kingdome
of
England
,
after
the
death
of
king
Richard
being
descended
of
the
elder
brother
next
to
Edward
prince
of
Wales
father
to
king
Richard.
Of
which
stirre
and
rebellion
there
insued
much
mischiefe
to
the
Welshmen
.
For
the
king
conceiuing
great
hatred
against
them
,
The
vnreasonable
lawes
of
K.
Henrie
4.
against
the
inhabitants
of
Wales
.
See
the
books
of
statutes
.
shewed
himselfe
a
manifest
oppressor
of
all
that
nation
,
making
rigorous
lawes
against
them
,
whereby
he
tooke
in
a
maner
all
the
liberties
of
subiects
from
them
,
prohibiting
all
Welshmen
to
purchase
lands
,
or
to
be
chosen
or
receiued
to
be
citizens
or
burgesses
in
anie
citie
,
borough
,
or
market
towne
,
or
be
receiued
or
accepted
to
anie
office
of
Maior
,
Bailiffe
,
Chamberlaine
,
constable
,
or
kéeper
of
the
gates
,
or
of
the
gaole
,
or
to
be
of
the
counsell
of
anie
citie
,
borough
or
towne
,
or
to
beare
anie
maner
armour
within
anie
citie
,
borough
,
or
market
towne
.
And
if
anie
sute
happened
betwéene
a
Welshman
and
anie
Englishman
,
it
was
by
law
ordeined
that
the
Englishman
should
not
be
conuict
,
vnlesse
it
were
by
the
iudgment
of
English
Iustices
,
and
by
the
verdict
of
whole
English
burgesses
,
or
by
inquests
of
English
boroughs
and
townes
of
the
Seigniories
where
the
said
sute
laie
:
also
that
all
English
burgesses
that
maried
Welshwomen
should
be
disfranchised
of
their
liberties
.
No
congregations
or
méetings
in
counsell
was
permitted
to
the
Welshmen
but
by
licence
of
the
chiefe
officers
of
the
same
Seigniorie
,
and
in
the
presence
of
the
same
officers
.
That
no
victuals
or
armour
should
be
brought
into
Wales
without
the
speciall
licence
of
the
king
or
his
counsell
.
That
no
Welshman
should
haue
any
castell
,
fortresse
,
or
house
defensiue
of
his
owne
or
of
anie
other
man
to
kéepe
.
No
Welshman
to
be
made
Iustice
,
Chamberlaine
,
Chancellor
,
Treasuror
,
Sheriffe
,
Steward
,
Constable
of
castell
,
receiuer
,
eschetor
,
coroner
,
nor
chiefe
forester
,
nor
other
officer
,
nor
kéeper
of
the
records
,
nor
lieutenant
in
anie
of
the
said
offices
in
no
part
of
Wales
,
nor
of
the
counsell
of
anie
English
lord
,
notwithstanding
anie
patent
or
licence
made
to
the
contrarie
.
That
no
Englishman
,
which
in
time
to
come
shall
marie
anie
Welshwoman
,
be
put
in
anie
office
in
Wales
,
or
in
the
Marches
of
the
same
.
These
with
other
lawes
both
vnreasonable
and
vnconcionable
(
such
as
no
prince
among
the
heathen
euer
offered
to
his
subiects
)
were
ordeined
and
seuerelie
executed
against
them
.
Neither
was
it
anie
reason
that
for
the
offense
of
one
man
and
his
complices
,
all
the
whole
nation
should
be
so
persecuted
,
whereby
not
onelie
they
that
liued
in
that
time
,
but
also
their
children
and
posteritie
should
be
brought
to
perpetuall
thraldome
and
miserie
:
for
these
lawes
were
not
ordeined
for
their
reformation
,
but
of
méere
purpose
to
worke
their
vtter
ruine
and
destruction
.
Which
doth
euidentlie
appeare
,
in
that
they
were
forbidden
to
kéepe
their
children
at
learning
,
or
to
put
them
to
be
apprentises
to
anie
occupation
in
anie
towne
or
borough
of
this
realme
.
Let
anie
indifferent
man
therefore
iudge
and
consider
whether
this
extremitie
of
law
,
where
iustice
it selfe
is
méere
iniurie
and
crueltie
,
be
not
a
cause
and
matter
sufficient
to
withdraw
anie
people
from
ciuilitie
to
barbarisme
.
Edward
of
Westminster
.
EDward
the
onelie
sonne
,
and
heire
of
king
Henrie
the
sixt
borne
at
Westminster
the
thirtith
daie
of
October
in
the
31.
yeare
of
the
reigne
of
his
father
,
was
created
prince
of
Wales
,
and
Earle
of
Chester
,
by
authoritie
of
parlement
at
Westminster
the
15.
daie
of
March
in
the
32.
yeare
of
the
said
king
his
father
.
This
prince
was
afterwards
of
such
towardnesse
,
that
he
became
skilfull
in
the
knowledge
aswell
of
martiall
affaires
,
as
of
matters
of
gouernment
and
lawes
of
the
realme
,
he
was
murthered
at
Teukesburie
.
Edward
of
Westminster
.
Iohn
bishop
of
Worcester
(
as
appeareth
by
records
of
the
towne
Hall
of
Salop
,
Ioh.
Bishop
of
Worcester
.
bearing
date
the
tenth
daie
of
Aprill
in
the
18.
yeare
of
king
Edward
the
fourth
)
was
president
of
the
L.
Princes
counsell
of
the
Marches
of
Wales
:
who
togither
with
the
lord
Anthonie
Earle
Riuers
,
vncle
and
gouernor
to
the
said
Prince
,
sate
in
the
towne
hall
aforesaid
,
and
made
certeine
ordinances
for
the
weale
and
tranquillitie
of
the
said
towne
.
King
Edward
the
fourth
vsing
much
the
faithfull
seruice
of
the
Welshmen
,
meant
the
reformation
of
the
estate
of
Wales
,
and
the
establishing
of
a
court
within
that
Principalitie
,
and
therefore
he
sent
the
bishop
of
Worcester
,
and
the
Earle
Riuers
,
with
the
prince
of
Wales
to
the
countrie
,
to
the
end
he
might
vnderstand
how
to
procéed
in
his
purposed
reformation
.
But
the
troubles
and
disquietnesse
of
his
owne
subiects
,
and
the
shortnes
of
his
time
suffered
him
to
doo
little
or
nothing
in
that
behalfe
.
Edward
.
EDward
the
onlie
sonne
of
king
Richard
the
third
,
being
a
child
of
tenne
yeares
of
age
,
was
the
foure
and
twentith
daie
of
August
,
in
the
first
yeare
of
the
reigne
of
the
same
king
created
prince
of
Wales
.
Arthur
.
Besides
all
this
,
there
was
a
commission
at
this
time
directed
from
king
Henrie
the
seauenth
,
to
the
Abbot
of
Lhan
Egwest
,
Doctor
Owen
Poole
chanon
of
Hereford
,
and
Iohn
King
,
harold
,
to
make
inquisition
concerning
the
parentage
of
the
said
Owen
,
who
comming
to
Wales
,
trauelled
in
that
matter
,
and
vsed
the
helps
of
Sir
Iohn
Leyaf
,
Guttyn
Owen
Bardh
,
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
ap
Euan
Vachan
,
and
others
in
the
search
of
the
Brytish
or
Welsh
bookes
of
petigrées
,
out
of
the
which
they
drew
his
perfect
genelogie
from
the
ancient
kings
of
Brytaine
and
the
Princes
of
Wales
,
and
so
returned
their
commission
:
which
returne
is
extant
at
this
daie
to
be
séene
.
After
that
about
the
seuentéenth
yeare
of
king
Henries
reigne
,
William
Smith
bishop
of
Lincolne
.
Prince
Arthur
went
againe
to
Wales
,
being
newlie
married
,
with
whom
the
king
sent
Doctor
William
Smith
,
which
was
afterward
bishop
of
Lincolne
,
to
be
president
of
his
counsell
,
appointing
him
other
wise
&
expert
counsellors
,
as
Sir
Richard
Poole
his
kinseman
,
Prince
Arthurs
councelers
.
which
was
his
chéefe
chamberlaine
,
also
Sir
Henrie
Vernon
,
Sir
Richard
Crofts
,
Sir
Dauid
Philip
,
Sir
William
Vdall
,
Sir
Thomas
Englefield
,
Sir
Peter
Newton
,
&c.
But
before
the
yeare
ended
,
this
noble
Prince
,
after
that
he
had
béene
married
to
the
ladie
Catharine
his
wife
,
the
space
of
fiue
moneths
,
departed
out
of
this
transitorie
life
,
at
Ludlowe
castell
,
the
second
daie
of
Aprill
in
the
said
yeare
of
his
fathers
reigne
,
and
with
great
funerall
solemnitie
was
buried
at
Worcester
.
Henrie
duke
of
Yorke
.
HEnrie
duke
of
Yorke
,
brother
vnto
Prince
Arthur
,
was
after
the
death
of
the
Prince
,
the
18.
daie
of
Februarie
,
in
the
19.
yeare
of
the
reigne
of
king
Henrie
the
seuenth
his
father
,
created
Prince
of
Wales
,
and
was
afterward
king
of
England
,
by
the
name
of
king
Henrie
the
eight
.
The
said
William
Smith
Bishop
of
Lincolne
,
was
L.
President
of
his
councell
,
who
continued
in
that
office
,
vntill
the
fourth
yeare
of
this
kings
reigne
;
and
was
the
first
L.
President
that
is
named
in
the
records
of
that
court
:
he
was
founder
of
Brasenose
college
in
Oxenford
.
In
the
fourth
yeare
of
this
noble
king
Henrie
the
eight
,
Geffrey
Blyth
Bishop
of
Couentrie
and
Lychfield
was
sent
into
Wales
to
be
L.
Geffrey
Blyth
President
of
the
princes
councell
,
where
he
continued
vntill
the
16.
yeare
of
the
same
king
.
Marie
.
THe
ladie
Marie
,
daughter
to
the
same
king
Henrie
the
eight
,
by
the
Princesse
Catharine
Dowager
,
the
widowe
of
Prince
Arthur
,
was
Princesse
of
Wales
.
And
in
the
seuentéenth
yeare
of
king
Henries
reigne
,
Iohn
Voiseie
,
Iohn
Voiseie
.
Bishop
of
Excester
,
was
sent
by
the
king
to
be
L.
President
of
the
councell
of
the
said
Princes
in
the
marches
of
Wales
,
where
he
continued
vntill
the
25.
yeare
of
the
same
king
.
I.
Hoker
in
Catalogo
Episc.
Exon.
This
Bishop
was
Doctor
of
the
lawes
,
and
verie
well
learned
and
wise
,
and
in
great
fauour
with
the
king
,
who
sent
him
sundrie
times
in
embassages
to
forreine
Princes
:
and
now
he
had
the
gouernement
of
the
kings
onelie
daughter
ladie
Marie
Princesse
of
Wales
.
Of
all
the
Bishops
in
the
land
he
was
counted
the
courtlikest
;
and
the
best
Courtier
:
and
although
he
was
well
reported
of
for
his
learning
,
A
courtlie
Bishop
.
yet
was
he
better
liked
for
his
courtlike
behauiour
,
which
in
the
end
turned
not
so
much
to
his
credit
,
as
to
the
vtter
ruine
and
spoile
of
his
church
:
for
of
xxij
.
lordships
and
manours
,
which
his
predecessors
had
,
and
least
vnto
him
of
a
goodlie
yearelie
reuenue
,
he
leaft
but
thrée
,
and
them
also
leased
out
.
And
where
he
found
fouretéene
houses
well
furnished
,
he
leaft
onlie
one
house
bare
and
without
furniture
,
and
yet
charged
with
sundrie
fées
and
annuities
:
by
meanes
whereof
that
bishopricke
,
which
sometimes
was
counted
one
of
the
best
,
is
now
become
in
temporall
lands
one
of
the
meanest
:
and
a
place
scarse
leaft
for
the
Bishop
to
laie
and
rest
his
head
in
:
yet
neuerthelesse
he
was
a
great
fauorer
of
learned
men
,
and
speciallie
of
diuines
,
whom
he
preferred
in
his
church
aboue
all
others
.
He
was
verie
bounteous
and
liberall
vnto
all
men
,
but
speciallie
vnto
courtiers
,
vnto
his
owne
kindred
and
countrimen
.
Upon
many
he
bestowed
,
vnto
the
confusion
of
some
of
them
:
and
vpon
other
he
spent
much
,
by
building
of
a
towne
named
Sutton
Colshull
where
he
was
borne
,
which
he
procured
to
be
incorporated
and
made
a
market
towne
:
and
set
vp
therein
making
of
kersies
,
but
all
in
the
end
came
to
small
effect
.
ELIZABETH
.
Row.
Lee
,
bishop
of
Couentrie
and
Lichfield
.
Rowland
Lee
bishop
of
Couentrie
and
Lichfield
was
in
the
26.
yéere
of
king
Henrie
the
eight
,
sent
to
be
Lord
President
of
the
kings
maiesties
Counsell
in
the
marches
of
Wales
:
in
whose
time
the
principalitie
and
countrie
of
Wales
was
by
Parlement
incorporated
and
vnited
vnto
the
kingdome
of
England
,
and
all
the
inhabitants
thereof
made
equall
in
fréedomes
,
liberties
,
rights
,
priuileges
,
lawes
,
and
in
all
other
respects
,
to
the
naturall
subiects
of
England
,
and
all
inheritances
were
made
of
English
tenure
to
descend
without
diuision
or
partition
after
the
maner
of
England
.
Also
the
lawes
,
statutes
,
and
ordinances
of
the
realme
of
England
,
were
commanded
to
be
executed
and
put
in
practise
within
the
contrie
and
principalitie
of
Wales
,
and
none
other
.
And
to
the
end
the
said
lawes
should
be
dulie
put
in
execution
,
the
whole
dominion
of
Wales
togither
with
the
lordships
marchers
bordering
vpon
the
same
,
was
diuided
into
xiij
.
shires
or
counties
,
wherefore
xij
.
made
foure
circuits
,
to
the
which
circuits
there
were
seuerall
Iudges
appointed
,
who
should
administer
iustice
to
the
inhabitants
of
euerie
of
the
said
shires
twise
in
the
yéere
.
The
first
circuit
was
the
thrée
shires
of
Eastwales
,
Eastwales
.
Denbygh
,
Flynt
,
and
Mountgomrie
,
wherin
the
Iustice
of
Chester
kéepeth
sessions
twise
in
the
yéere
,
hearing
and
deciding
all
titles
,
trespasses
,
variance
and
misdemeanours
within
the
countrie
.
The
Iustice
of
Northwales
doth
the
like
in
the
thrée
shires
of
Northwales
,
Northwales
.
Anglesey
,
Caernaruon
,
and
Meryonyth
,
which
doo
make
the
second
circuit
.
The
third
circuit
are
the
thrée
shires
of
Westwales
,
Westwales
.
Caerdigan
,
Caermardhyn
,
and
Penbrooke
,
where
the
Iustice
of
that
countrie
kéepeth
his
sessions
euerie
yéere
twise
.
The
thrée
shires
of
Southwales
,
Southwales
Radnor
,
Brechnocke
,
and
Glamorgan
doo
make
the
fourth
circuit
,
in
the
which
the
Iustice
of
Southwales
dooth
kéepe
sises
twise
euerie
yéere
.
And
bicause
all
matters
as
well
of
lawe
as
of
equitie
are
heard
and
determined
in
these
circuits
,
the
same
doo
continue
sixe
daies
in
euerie
of
the
shires
aforenamed
.
Monmouthshire
dooth
followe
the
common
order
of
the
shires
of
England
,
Monmouth
shire
.
suing
all
originall
writs
out
of
the
high
court
of
chancerie
.
In
all
these
shires
there
were
appointed
Shirifes
,
Iustices
of
peace
,
Crowners
,
and
all
other
officers
accordinglie
,
as
they
are
in
England
.
Further
for
the
kéeping
of
the
countrie
in
continuall
obedience
,
The
Court
in
the
marches
of
Wales
.
and
the
controlling
of
the
outrage
of
wilfull
and
vnrulie
persons
;
there
was
ordeined
a
President
and
counsell
to
remaine
within
the
dominion
and
Principalitie
of
Wales
,
with
all
officers
appertaining
to
the
same
.
Which
President
and
councell
haue
power
and
authoritie
to
heare
and
determine
,
by
their
wisdomes
and
discretions
,
such
causes
and
matters
as
are
assigned
to
them
by
the
Kings
or
Quéens
of
England
for
the
time
being
.
And
certeinlie
(
let
men
imagine
what
they
will
)
this
house
was
it
,
The
necessitie
of
the
court
in
the
Marches
.
that
(
after
great
hatred
and
persecution
,
whereof
disobedience
and
rudenes
folowed
)
reduced
the
countrie
of
Wales
to
quietnesse
,
obedience
and
ciuilitie
:
by
authoritie
whereof
not
onelie
great
outrages
are
appeased
,
the
offendors
punished
,
and
the
wilfull
brideled
:
but
also
the
quiet
and
obedient
subiect
is
protected
and
defended
from
iniurie
,
so
that
he
may
possesse
his
owne
in
quietnesse
.
Wherein
this
Bishop
Rowland
Lee
and
his
associats
did
notable
good
seruice
.
And
surelie
there
haue
béene
of
the
same
house
verie
wise
gouernors
and
men
of
great
credit
;
namelie
Nicholas
Heath
Archbishop
of
Yorke
and
Lord
Chancelor
of
England
:
Thomas
Yoong
Archbishop
also
of
Yorke
:
Iohn
Whitgift
now
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
;
and
diuers
other
,
of
whom
I
am
to
speake
héereafter
.
Prince
Edward
borne
In
the
29.
yéere
of
king
Henrie
the
eight
,
prince
Edward
his
sonne
was
borne
at
Hampton
court
on
S.
Edwards
euen
being
the
12.
of
October
,
who
bicause
the
principalitie
of
Wales
was
now
by
statute
(
as
I
said
before
)
incorporated
to
the
crowne
and
kingdome
of
England
,
being
vnder
the
same
lawes
and
iurisdiction
,
was
none
otherwise
Prince
of
Wales
than
vnder
the
generall
title
of
England
:
as
the
king
his
father
was
king
of
England
,
and
vnder
that
name
K.
of
Wales
as
a
member
of
England
;
neither
doo
I
read
of
anie
other
creation
or
inuestiture
that
he
had
to
that
principalitie
,
therefore
I
thought
it
not
conuenient
to
make
any
speciall
title
of
him
after
the
said
statute
.
He
afterward
succéeded
his
father
in
the
crowne
of
this
realme
by
the
name
of
king
Edward
the
sixt
.
The
said
Rowland
Lee
died
L.
President
in
the
xxxiiij
.
yéere
of
King
Henrie
the
eight
and
lieth
buried
at
Shrewesburie
.
After
him
Richard
Sampson
R.
Sampson
.
bishop
of
Chichester
was
remooued
to
Couentrie
and
Lichfield
and
appointed
Lord
President
of
Wales
,
in
the
xxxv
.
yéere
of
king
Henrie
the
eight
,
and
so
continued
L.
President
vntill
the
end
of
the
2.
yéere
of
the
reigne
of
king
Edward
the
sixt
.
Iohn
Sutton
alias
Dudley
Earle
of
Warwike
and
knight
of
the
noble
order
of
the
garter
,
Iohn
,
Earle
of
Warwike
.
was
in
the
third
yéere
of
King
Edward
the
sixt
appointed
Lord
President
of
Wales
,
in
the
which
office
he
continued
vntill
the
fourth
yéere
of
the
same
king
.
He
descended
out
of
Wales
by
a
daughter
of
the
Lord
Powys
,
for
he
was
the
sonne
of
Edmund
,
the
sonne
of
Iohn
a
yoonger
sonne
of
Iohn
Lord
Dudley
,
the
sonne
of
Iohn
Lord
Dudley
,
the
sonne
of
Iohn
Lord
Dudley
,
the
son
of
Iohn
Lord
Dudley
,
the
sonne
of
Iohn
Sutton
Baron
Dudley
,
who
maried
Isabell
the
daughter
of
sir
Iohn
Charlton
Lord
Powys
who
descended
of
Hawys
the
daughter
and
heire
of
Owen
ap
Gruffyth
Lord
Powys
,
who
was
linealie
descended
of
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
Prince
of
Wales
,
mentioned
before
pag
▪
103.
This
noble
man
was
made
knight
being
verie
yoong
,
by
Charls
Brandon
Duke
of
Suffolke
,
for
his
good
seruice
doon
at
Montededier
in
France
,
Anno
15.
Hen.
8.
He
was
sent
Embassadour
to
the
Emperour
,
Anno
26.
Hen.
8.
After
the
death
of
the
Uicount
Lisle
his
father
in
lawe
,
he
was
created
Uicount
Lisle
&
warden
of
the
frontiers
&
marches
of
Scotland
,
Anno
33.
Hen.
8.
He
was
chosen
to
be
fellowe
and
companion
of
the
order
of
the
Garter
the
fift
of
Maie
,
An.
35.
Hen.
8.
In
the
first
yéere
of
K.
Edward
the
sixt
,
he
was
created
Earle
of
Warwike
,
and
in
the
fift
yeere
of
the
same
king
,
Duke
of
Northumberland
.
He
was
also
Earle
Marshall
high
admirall
of
England
L.
great
maister
and
President
of
the
priuie
councell
,
and
further
intituled
lord
Basset
and
Tyesse
.
The
next
yéere
after
,
William
Herbert
,
knight
of
the
noble
order
.
that
is
in
the
fourth
yéere
of
Edward
the
sixt
,
William
Herbert
knight
of
the
noble
order
of
the
garter
,
was
appointed
L.
President
of
Wales
,
and
continued
vntill
Michaelmas
,
in
the
first
yéere
of
Quéene
Marie
.
After
whom
Nicholas
Heath
Bishop
of
Worcester
was
sent
to
be
L.
President
of
Wales
,
Nicholas
Heath
,
Bishop
of
Worcester
.
&
continued
there
vntill
the
third
yéere
of
the
same
Quéene
,
and
then
was
remooued
to
be
Lord
Chaunceler
of
England
,
being
then
elected
Archbishop
of
Yorke
.
W.
Herbert
Earle
of
Penbrook
.
At
which
time
the
said
William
Herbert
was
againe
made
L.
President
of
Wales
,
and
so
continued
vntill
the
sixt
yeare
of
the
same
Quéene
.
He
descended
of
William
Herbert
,
created
Earle
of
Penbrooke
by
king
Edward
the
fourth
,
who
was
the
sonne
of
Sir
William
Herbert
,
who
married
Gladys
the
daughter
of
Sir
Dauid
Gam
,
which
Sir
William
was
the
sonne
of
Thomas
Herbert
,
the
sonne
of
Gwilim
ap
Ienkyn
,
lineallie
descended
of
a
noble
man
called
Herbert
Fitzhenrie
,
chamberlaine
to
king
Henrie
the
first
.
This
noble
man
liued
in
great
credit
and
estimation
with
king
Henrie
the
eight
,
king
Edward
the
sixt
,
Quéene
Marie
,
and
Quéene
Elizabeth
,
and
was
by
euerie
of
the
said
Princes
emploied
in
matters
of
great
importance
,
and
for
his
good
and
faithfull
seruice
greatlie
honoured
:
as
appeareth
in
an
Epitaph
fixed
vpon
his
toombe
in
the
Cathedrall
church
of
S.
Paule
in
London
,
which
I
thought
good
héere
to
laie
downe
.
Perpetuae
pietati
Sacrum
.
GVliel
.
Herberto
Penbrochiae
comiti
,
equiti
aurato
praenobilis
ordinis
Anglici
:
Henr.
viij
.
R.
Acubiculis
:
Edoard
.
vi
.
R.
equitum
magistro
:
Walliae
praesidi
.
Tumultu
occidentali
cum
Russello
&
Graio
Baronibus
paribus
auspicijs
summae
rerum
praeposito
:
Mariae
Raeae
.
contra
perduelles
,
ac
expeditione
ad
Augustam
Veromanduorum
bis
,
totius
exercitus
duci
:
bis
summo
in
agro
Caletum
,
Limitum
praefecto
:
Elizab.
Raeae
.
officiorum
seu
Magno
Regiae
Magistro
.
Pariter
&
Dominae
Annae
ex
vetiista
Parrorum
gente
oriundae
,
Sorori
Catharinae
Raeae
.
Henr.
viij
.
R.
vi
.
matrimonio
coniunctae
,
ac
Marchionis
Northamptonij
:
Prudentissaeae
.
foeminae
,
pietatis
,
religionis
,
probitatis
omnisque
auitae
virtutis
retinentissaeae
fidiss
.
Comitis
coniugi
:
Henr.
F.
ac
comes
,
Pp.
chariss
.
sibi
ac
suis
moerens
.
P.
Obijt
aetatis
An
63.
Obijt
salutis
An
1569.
Liberis
relictis
ex
prima
.
Henrico
Pemb.
Comite
.
Edoardo
Equite
Aurato
.
Domina
Anna
Baroni
Talbot
nupta
.
Secunda
coniuge
superstite
,
Georgio
Salopiae
comite
genita
,
inisigni
praeter
antiquum
probitatis
decus
,
virtute
foemina
.
In
the
sixt
yeare
of
Quéene
Marie
,
Gilb.
Bourne
.
Gilbert
Bourne
Bishop
of
Bath
and
Wels
was
sent
to
be
lord
President
of
Wales
,
and
so
continued
vntill
the
death
of
the
same
Quéene
.
In
the
first
yeare
of
Quéene
Elizabeth
,
I.
Williams
L.
Williams
of
Thame
.
Sir
Iohn
Williams
L.
Williams
of
Thame
,
was
sent
L.
President
into
Wales
,
and
died
L.
President
the
same
yeare
in
the
castell
of
Ludlowe
,
and
lieth
buried
at
Thame
,
in
the
countie
of
Oxenford
:
where
he
of
his
good
and
vertuous
disposition
towards
the
good
and
godlie
education
of
the
youth
of
his
countrie
,
and
maintenance
of
the
poore
,
founded
by
his
last
will
and
testament
a
Grammar
schoole
and
an
Almeshouse
,
to
haue
continuance
for
euer
,
and
leaft
certaine
yearelie
reuenues
in
lands
and
monie
,
for
the
maintenance
of
the
same
.
And
for
the
ordering
conueieng
and
assuring
of
the
premisses
to
the
vses
aforesaid
,
he
constituted
and
ordeined
executors
of
his
said
last
will
and
testament
,
among
other
Robert
Doylie
of
Merton
in
the
same
countie
Esquier
,
and
William
Place
of
Lurgyshall
in
the
countie
of
Buckingham
Gentleman
,
who
purchasing
other
lands
for
that
purpose
to
the
yearelie
value
of
57.
pounds
,
two
shillings
fiue
pence
,
sued
out
the
mortmaine
and
enfe
offed
the
Warden
and
Scholers
of
new
College
in
Oxenford
,
and
their
successors
of
the
premisses
to
the
vse
aboue
mentioned
.
The
foundation
of
the
Schoole
is
of
one
head
Schoolemaister
to
be
appointed
by
the
said
Robert
Doylie
and
William
Place
or
the
longer
liuer
of
them
for
their
life
time
:
and
afterward
by
the
said
Warden
and
Scholers
of
new
College
and
their
successors
for
euer
:
who
hath
yéerelie
for
his
stipend
the
sum
of
xxvj
.
pounds
xiij
.
shillings
iiij
.
pence
.
And
one
vsher
to
be
likewise
appointed
as
the
maister
is
,
who
shall
haue
for
his
stipend
yéerelie
the
sum
of
xiij
.
pounds
vj.
shillings
viij
.
pence
both
which
stipends
are
to
be
paid
quarterly
by
euen
portions
.
The
almeshouse
is
founded
to
haue
fiue
almsmen
and
one
almeswoman
,
who
haue
yéerelie
towards
their
maintenance
the
summe
of
7.
pounds
4.
shillings
,
and
a
new
gowne
euerie
fourth
yeere
.
There
is
also
allowed
for
the
kéeping
of
the
toombe
of
the
said
lord
Williams
8.
shillings
yéerelie
,
and
for
kéeping
cleane
of
the
water-course
4.
shillings
.
Henrie
Sidney
,
knight
of
the
noble
order
.
Henrie
Sidney
knight
,
after
the
death
of
the
L.
Williams
of
Thame
in
the
second
yéere
of
the
Quéenes
Maiestie
that
now
is
,
was
sent
to
be
L.
President
of
Wales
.
This
knight
is
descended
by
the
heires
make
lineallie
of
Sir
William
Sidney
,
who
came
out
of
Aniowe
into
England
with
Henrie
Fitzempresse
,
and
was
afterward
chamberlaine
to
the
said
Henrie
when
he
was
king
of
England
,
and
descended
out
of
Wales
by
his
mother
Anne
the
daughter
of
Anne
,
the
daughter
of
William
Clement
,
the
sonne
of
Iohn
,
the
sonne
of
William
,
the
sonne
of
William
,
the
sonne
of
Ienkyn
Clement
,
who
married
the
daughter
of
Conan
,
the
sonne
of
Meredyth
,
the
sonne
of
Gruffyth
,
the
sonne
of
the
lord
Rees
Prince
of
Southwales
,
of
whom
mention
is
before
pag.
249.
which
Rees
was
the
sonne
of
Wenlhian
,
the
daughter
of
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
Prince
of
Northwales
.
The
mother
likewise
of
the
same
Iohn
or
Ienkyn
Clement
,
was
Cicilie
the
daughter
of
Sir
Gruffyth
Lhoyd
knight
,
the
son
of
Rees
,
the
son
of
Gruffyth
,
the
sonne
of
Ednyuet
Vachan
,
chéefe
counseller
and
steward
to
Lhewelyn
ap
Iorwerth
Prince
of
Wales
,
of
whom
Matthew
Paris
maketh
mention
,
page
843.
who
also
was
the
auncestor
of
Owen
Tuder
,
the
Grandfather
of
king
Henrie
the
seuenth
,
of
whom
I
haue
written
before
.
In
the
third
yeare
of
king
Edward
the
sixt
,
he
was
made
knight
by
the
king
:
and
was
sent
Ambassadour
to
the
French
king
,
when
he
was
but
xxij
.
yeares
of
age
.
In
the
time
of
Quéene
Marie
he
was
treasurer
of
Ireland
,
and
lord
Iustice
there
,
where
he
so
vsed
himselfe
,
that
hée
gat
great
commendation
of
all
the
inhabitants
of
that
countrie
.
Anno.
1564.
he
was
chosen
Knight
of
the
noble
order
of
the
Garter
.
He
hath
now
continued
L.
President
of
Wales
about
xxiiij
.
yeares
,
of
the
which
he
serued
in
Ireland
eight
yeares
and
sixe
moneths
,
being
there
thrée
seuerall
times
lord
deputie
generall
of
that
countrie
.
He
repaired
the
castell
of
Ludlowe
,
which
is
the
chéefest
house
within
the
marches
,
being
in
great
decaie
,
as
the
Chappell
,
the
court
house
,
and
a
faire
fountaine
,
from
the
which
by
seuerall
cocks
the
offices
of
the
house
are
serued
with
water
.
Also
he
erected
diuers
new
buildings
within
the
same
castell
,
as
a
faire
new
porters
lodge
:
large
chambers
for
the
kéeping
of
the
records
of
that
court
:
and
other
conuenient
lodgings
for
such
commissioners
to
lie
in
as
are
called
thither
for
to
giue
attendance
in
that
seruice
.
Tervyn
.
An
admonition
for
the
reading
of
the
Brytish
words
.
IT
is
to
be
noted
,
that
the
letter
[c]
in
all
Brytish
words
hath
alwaies
the
sound
of
the
English
[k]
except
it
be
ioined
with
[
h
:
]
for
[
ch
]
is
counted
but
one
consonant
,
which
hath
the
sound
of
the
Gréeke
[
χ
]
and
neuer
of
the
English
[
ch
.
]
I
haue
also
vsed
[
dh
]
for
the
Brytish
[
dd
]
and
[
lh
]
for
the
[
ll.
]
The
single
[f]
hath
the
sound
of
[v]
consonant
.
[
R
]
in
the
beginning
of
a
word
is
to
be
pronounced
with
an
aspiration
.
The
rest
of
the
letters
agrée
with
the
English
pronountiation
.
Certaine
words
passed
in
this
impression
are
thus
to
be
amended
.
PAge
26.
Line
7.
put
out
,
and
Cornwal
.
page
88.
line
26.
read
,
Caradoc
the
sonne
of
Rytherch
ap
Iestyn
.
pag
96.
line
21.
Peuensey
ibidem
line
23.
Sheppey
.
page
104.
line
31.
Portascyth
.
pag
122.
line
10.
Aberthaw
.
pag
131.
line
5.
and
25.
Cydwely
.
pag
155.
line
25.
for
of
,
read
and.
page
166.
line
30.
for
Riryd
,
read
Madoc
.
pag
168.
line
29.
for
thy
,
read
his
.
page
188.
line
30.
Richard
of
Clare
and.
pag
197.
line
16.
Hugh
sonne
to
the
Erle
.
page
211.
line
31.
for
Anarawd
read
Meruyn
.
page
254.
line
17.
for
theidw
,
read
cheidw
.
ibidem
line
18.
for
Rhae
,
read
Rhac
.
pag
329.
line
15.
primat
of
all
.
pag
357.
line
6.
ap
Gwystyl
.
pag
395.
line
7.
whereof
.
A
Table
conteining
the
principall
matters
,
places
,
and
persons
in
this
booke
.
This
letter
(
D
)
signifieth
the
description
.
The
figures
note
the
page
.
A.
-
ABercynfric
,
150.
-
Aberstraw
(
D
)
6.
destroied
by
the
Irishmen
,
62.
-
Abergeuenny
(
D
)
20.289
.
-
Aberheidol
,
220.
-
Aberlhech
,
154.
-
Aberlhiennawc
,
155.
-
Aberlhychwr
Castell
,
203.
-
Aberystwyth
castell
built
,
169.336
.
taken
,
337.
-
Adelarde
,
8.12
.
ouercome
by
the
Brytaines
,
14.
ioineth
his
power
with
Ethelbald
,
15.
-
Adelstane
K.
of
England
,
50.
-
Aedan
ap
Blegored
,
74.
he
is
slaine
,
83.
-
Aedan
the
sonne
of
Melht
,
38.
-
Alan
K.
of
little
Brytaine
,
1.
-
Alans
whence
they
came
,
39.
-
Alclyd
destroid
by
the
Danes
,
34.
-
Alfred
K.
of
England
,
33.
loueth
and
getteth
about
him
learned
men
,
ibidem
.
translateth
the
Brytish
lawes
into
the
Saxon
toong
,
42.
his
Epitaph
,
43.
-
Alfwyen
disinherited
,
49.
-
Algar
Earle
of
Chester
,
99.
-
Almarus
Earle
of
Deuon
,
76.
-
Anarawd
the
sonne
of
Roderike
,
37.
he
dieth
,
45.
-
Anarawd
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Rées
slaine
,
196.
-
Armorica
,
2.
-
Arnulph
the
sonne
of
Roger
Mountgomery
,
151.
Lord
of
Dyuet
,
154.
rebelled
against
K.
Henrie
the
first
,
157.
he
departeth
the
land
,
159.
-
Arthurs
bones
found
,
238.
-
Arthur
Prince
of
Wales
,
390.
-
Aruon
(
D
)
8.
-
Asser
archbishop
of
Wales
,
44.
-
Avanc
(
D
)
21.
-
Augustine
moonke
,
the
Apostle
of
England
,
(
D
)
15.254
.
B.
-
BAldwin
archbishop
of
Canturburie
visiteth
Wales
,
241.
-
Bardh
,
Beirdh
,
(
D
)
15.191
-
Beda
,
15.
-
Belin
ap
Elphin
,
14.
-
Bernard
Newmarch
,
148.151
.
-
Beumarish
built
,
381.
-
Blethyn
ap
Conuyn
,
103.
he
is
slaine
,
111
,
-
Brecheinoc
Brechnock
(
D
)
20.
spoiled
by
the
Danes
,
42.148.277.288
.
-
Brochwel
Scithroc
(
D
)
15.
his
dwelling
place
,
22.
-
Bryth
destroied
Ireland
,
13.
-
Brytaine
diuided
betweén
the
sonnes
of
Brutus
,
(
D
)
1.
-
Brytaines
are
spoiled
of
their
countrie
by
the
Saxons
,
5.
they
abhorred
the
Romish
religion
,
255.
threé
remnants
of
them
yet
remaining
(
D
)
4.
-
Brytish
language
now
spoken
in
Wales
(
D
)
4.
-
Brytaine
Armorike
and
the
kings
thereof
,
2.
-
Buelht
(
D
)
20.277.280
.
-
Burgundians
whence
they
came
,
39.
C.
-
CAdelh
prince
of
Southwales
,
35.
he
dieth
,
44.
-
Cadelh
the
sonne
of
Gruffyth
ap
Rées
.
201.202
.
sore
wounded
by
the
Flemings
,
203.
-
Cadiuor
ap
Colhoyn
,
119.
-
Cadogan
ap
Blethyn
,
152.155
157.
he
maketh
a
great
feast
,
163.
charged
with
his
sonnes
lewdnes
,
168.
he
is
slain
,
171.
his
children
,
182.
-
Cadwalader
goeth
to
Brytain
Armorike
,
1.
admonished
by
an
angel
,
3.
goeth
to
Rome
and
dieth
,
5.
-
Cadwalader
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
he
dieth
,
232.
-
Cadwalhon
ap
Ievaf
,
67.
-
Cadwalhon
ap
Meredyth
,
71.
-
Cardyffbuilt
,
116.
taken
,
289.
-
Caereneon
(
D
)
12.
and
14.
the
castell
built
,
205.
-
Caer
Gay
(
D
)
9.
-
Caerlheon
ar
Dhowrdwy
or
Chester
,
27.
a
catalog
of
the
Earles
,
294.
-
Caermardhyn
(
D
)
18.
taken
,
178.
destroied
,
193.
the
castell
builded
againe
,
198.
taken
againe
,
ibidem
.
247.
-
Caernarvon
castell
built
,
374.
-
Cambria
,
Cambry
,
Camberaec
(
D
)
2.3.4
.
the
country
diuided
into
shires
and
circuits
,
395.
the
good
seruice
of
the
people
to
the
K
,
of
Englland
.
175.235
.
they
are
left
out
of
the
conclusion
of
peace
,
278.
they
offer
to
be
tried
by
the
lawe
,
324.
punished
extreamlie
,
but
when
they
complaine
they
haue
no
redresse
,
161.320
.
abused
by
the
Kings
officers
,
350.
-
Camdhwr
,
113.
-
Caradocus
lancaruan
,
206
,
-
Caradoc
king
of
Northwales
slaine
,
20.
-
Caradoc
the
sonne
of
Rytherch
ap
Iestyn
,
88.
-
Caradoc
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Rytherch
,
104.113
.
-
Caredigion
,
(
D
)
17.
-
Carrec
Cynnen
castell
,
319.
-
Carrec
Houa
castell
,
219.241
.
-
Castor
¶
See
Avanc
.
-
Celhy
Tervawc
,
153.
-
Celynnoc
vawr
destroied
,
65.
-
Conan
Meriadoc
,
2.
-
Conan
Tindaethwy
,
17.
-
Conan
Nant
Niuer
,
32.
-
Conan
ap
Howel
slaine
,
74.
-
Conan
ap
Sitsilht
,
88.
-
Conan
the
sonne
of
Iago
,
89.
-
Conan
Earle
of
Richmond
receiued
to
be
Duke
of
Brytaine
,
205.
-
Congen
king
of
Powys
,
29.
-
Conwey
,
38.
the
castell
built
,
374.
-
Costenin
Dhu
slaine
,
65.
-
Crogen
castell
,
257.
-
Crogens
a
nickname
whence
it
commeth
,
258.
-
Cudred
king
of
wests
ouercommeth
the
Brytaines
▪
15.
-
Cnuedha
Wledic
,
(
D
)
14.
his
sonnes
giue
names
to
diuers
countries
in
Wales
which
remaine
to
this
daie
,
(
D
)
14.
-
Cydwely
(
D
)
18.
spoiled
,
152
the
castell
built
,
242.272
.
-
Cymer
,
287.
-
Cynvael
castell
,
200.
-
Cynwric
ap
Rywalhon
,
112.
D.
-
DAniel
Archdeacon
of
Powys
,
187.
-
Danes
came
to
England
,
20.
they
bend
their
force
against
Wales
,
34.
whence
they
came
,
39.
they
destroie
saint
Dauids
,
45.
they
are
murthered
,
76.
-
Dauid
ap
Owen
Gwyneth
,
221.227
.
taketh
his
brother
Maelgon
,
234.
he
marrieth
Emme
the
kings
sister
,
235.
put
out
of
the
gouernment
of
Wales
,
245.
taken
prisoner
by
his
nephew
,
250.
commeth
againe
,
against
Lhewelyn
,
&
being
vanquished
dieth
for
sorrowe
,
259.
-
Dauid
ap
Lhewelyn
,
298.
taketh
his
brother
prisoner
,
ibidem
.
taketh
the
gouernment
vpon
him
,
299.
excommunicated
,
300.
refuseth
to
deliuer
his
brother
out
of
prison
,
ibidem
.
he
submitteth
himselfe
to
the
king
,
304.
he
complaineth
to
the
pope
vpon
king
Henrie
,
308.
maketh
the
principalitie
of
Wales
tributarie
to
the
church
of
Rome
,
309.
putteth
king
Henries
armie
to
flight
,
310.
he
dieth
,
313.
-
Dauid
ap
Gruffyth
,
319.
forsaketh
his
brother
,
326.335.350
.
his
answere
to
the
kings
offer
,
370.
he
is
taken
and
put
to
death
,
374.
-
Dauid
Fitz
Gerald
bishop
of
Meneuia
,
201.237
.
-
Denbigh
(
D
)
10.
the
owners
of
it
sithence
the
Dauid
ap
Gruffyth
,
377.
giuen
to
Henrie
Lacy
Earle
of
Lincolne
,
377.
-
Dial
Rodri
,
38.
-
Dinerth
,
45.
-
Dinevowr
(
D
)
6.
and
17.
the
castell
wonne
,
269.
-
Donwalhon
Prince
of
Stratclwyd
,
64.
-
Dyffryn
Clwyd
,
(
D
)
10.
-
Dyganwy
(
D
)
10.262.267.326
.
parcell
of
the
possession
of
the
Erle
of
Chester
,
(
D
)
10.
-
Dyuet
(
D
)
17.
destroied
by
the
Danes
,
65.71
.
giuen
to
Arnulph
,
154.
then
to
Iorwerth
ap
Blethyn
,
158.
thirdlie
to
Saer
,
159.
fourthlie
to
Gerald
,
161.272
.
E.
-
EGbert
King
of
England
being
the
firste
of
the
Saxons
,
25.
he
entred
into
Wales
,
24.
he
chaungeth
the
name
of
Brytaine
into
England
,
25.
his
warres
against
the
Danes
,
27.
he
dieth
,
ibidem
.
his
wife
hated
the
Brytaines
,
and
caused
the
king
to
vse
them
hardly
,
ibidem
.
-
Elife
ap
Madoc
,
257.
his
lands
taken
from
him
sauing
Crogen
,
and
7.
towneships
,
ibidem
.
-
Edelfled
,
44.47.48
.
-
Edgar
king
of
England
spoileth
Northwales
,
61.
dieth
,
64.
-
Edmund
K.
of
England
,
51.
he
is
slaine
,
58.
-
Ednyuet
Uachan
,
249.306
.
-
Edwal
Yoorch
,
7.9
.
-
Edwal
Uoel
,
46.
he
is
slain
,
51.
-
Edwal
ap
Meyric
,
72.
slain
,
73.
-
Edwal
Uachan
,
the
sonne
of
Edwal
Uoel
slaine
,
65.
-
Edward
the
elder
,
43.
he
taketh
London
and
Oxford
from
his
sister
,
44.
he
disinheriteth
his
sisters
daughter
,
49.
dieth
,
50.
-
Edward
the
Martyr
,
64.
-
Edward
the
Confessor
,
92.
-
Edward
Earle
of
Chester
,
319
retireth
,
321.
commeth
to
Wales
,
326.
goeth
to
the
holy
land
,
328.
crowned
king
of
England
,
ibidem
,
he
commeth
to
Chester
,
333.
his
offer
to
the
Prince
,
364.365
.
his
offer
to
Dauid
,
ibidem
.
he
brought
al
Wales
to
his
subiection
,
374.
he
giueth
the
lands
of
the
Welshmen
to
the
noble
men
of
England
,
377.
-
Edward
Caernarvon
,
376.
taketh
homage
of
the
freeholders
of
Wales
,
382.
-
Edward
of
Woodstoke
,
384
,
-
Edward
of
Westminster
,
388.
-
Edward
of
Westminster
,
389.
-
Edward
sonne
to
K.
Richard
the
third
,
390.
-
Edward
the
sixt
,
396.
-
Elizabeth
Princesse
,
394.
-
Eneon
ap
Owen
ap
Howel
Dha
,
65
,
he
is
slaine
,
66.
-
Eneon
ap
Cadiuor
,
119.
-
England
and
Englishmen
,
25.
driuen
out
of
the
countrie
of
Senghennyth
,
279.
they
doo
oppresse
the
Welshmen
,
337.
-
Easter
not
kept
by
the
Brytains
at
the
time
appointed
by
the
church
of
Rome
,
17.18
.
-
Esylht
the
daughter
and
heire
of
Conan
,
(
D
)
16.22.24
.
-
Ethelwulphs
genelogie
,
29.
he
was
bishop
of
Winchester
,
32
-
Ethelbald
maried
his
mother
in
law
,
32.
-
Evneth
the
sonne
of
Bledred
,
41.
F.
-
FAmine
in
Southwales
,
71.
-
Fermael
the
sonne
of
Edwal
,
18.
-
Flemings
came
to
Dyuet
,
163.
they
desire
peace
,
277.279
.
G.
-
GAlfrid
Arthur
bishop
of
Lhanelwy
,
203.
-
Gauelford
,
25.
-
Geffrey
Blyth
bishop
of
Couentrie
and
Lichfield
,
392.
-
Geffrey
Langley
,
321.
-
Genelogies
estéemed
among
all
nations
,
31.
-
Gerald
de
Windsore
steward
of
Penbrooke
,
154.
-
Gilbert
Strangbow
Earle
of
Strigule
,
169.172
.
-
Gladys
daughter
to
Lhewelyn
ap
Iorwerth
,
298.
-
Gwaith
y
dinas
newydh
,
47.
-
Gwaynyttyd
,
113.
-
Gwent
(
D
)
19.
spoiled
by
the
Danes
,
42.
-
Gwenwynwyn
lord
of
Powys
250.
getteth
againe
the
castell
of
Poole
,
248.
laieth
siege
to
the
castel
of
Payne
in
Eluel
251.
discomfited
,
252.
detained
prisoner
by
the
Counsell
260.
released
of
his
oth
of
obedience
to
the
king
by
the
pope
,
267.
-
Gweythen
,
32.
-
Gwyneth
¶
See
Northwales
.
-
Gilbert
De
Humfreuile
,
125.
his
heires
,
134.
-
Glamorgan
(
D
)
19.
spoiled
,
71.
won
from
the
Welshmen
,
122
-
Goths
whence
they
came
,
39.
-
Grono
ap
Owen
ap
Edwyn
,
lord
of
Tegengl
,
172.
-
Grono
ap
Ednyuet
gentlman
,
327.
-
Gruffyth
ap
Madoc
slaine
,
49.
-
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
ap
Sitsylht
,
90.
he
is
slaine
,
101.
-
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
commeth
to
Anglesey
,
112.
he
warreth
against
Trahaern
ap
Caradoc
,
113.
ioineth
with
Rées
ap
Theodor
,
114.
obteineth
the
principalitie
of
Northwales
,
115.
he
maketh
peace
with
king
Henrie
the
first
,
174.
dieth
,
190.
his
statute
to
reforme
the
abuses
of
minstrels
,
191.
-
Gruffyth
ap
Rées
ap
Theodor
,
175.
putteth
himselfe
in
armour
against
the
king
,
176.
he
taketh
the
towne
,
of
Caermardhyn
,
178.
he
dieth
,
190.
-
Gruffyth
ap
Trahaerne
ap
Caradoc
,
162.
-
Gruffyth
Maylor
L.
of
Bromfield
,
242.
-
Gruffyth
ap
Rées
taken
by
his
brother
Maelgon
,
and
sent
to
prison
,
250.
set
at
libertie
,
252.
he
dieth
,
256.
-
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
ap
Iorwerth
,
280
goeth
with
an
army
against
William
Marshall
,
282.292
.
disquieteth
his
father
,
297.
valiant
and
couragious
,
298.307
.
imprisoned
by
his
brother
,
ibidem
.
great
sute
to
the
K.
for
his
inlargment
,
301.
deliuered
to
the
K.
and
sent
to
the
towre
,
where
séeking
to
scape
he
brake
his
necke
,
307.
-
Gruffyth
lord
of
Dinas
Bran
,
293.300.304.321.327
.
-
Gurmond
(
D
)
15.6
.
-
Gwgan
ap
Meyric
,
34.
H.
-
HAsting
the
Dane
,
39.
-
Henrie
the
first
K.
of
England
,
157.
he
commeth
into
Wales
,
173.
againe
,
184.
he
is
in
danger
to
be
slaine
,
185.
he
dieth
,
188.
-
Henry
the
second
king
of
England
,
204.
he
commeth
to
Wales
,
206.
put
in
danger
of
his
life
,
207.
he
maketh
peace
with
the
lords
of
Wales
,
208.
commeth
to
Southwales
,
209.
againe
,
219.
he
commeth
to
Northwales
,
221.
lieth
incamped
at
Berwyn
,
222.
in
danger
to
be
slaine
,
ibidem
.
he
goeth
the
Ireland
,
230.
returneth
from
Ireland
againe
,
232.
forsaketh
his
wife
,
239.
he
dieth
,
241.
-
Henrie
,
the
third
king
of
England
,
276.
commeth
to
wales
and
buildeth
a
castell
at
Mountgomerie
,
280.
commeth
againe
with
an
armie
to
Wales
,
283.
againe
,
289.
marieth
,
293.
commeth
againe
to
Wales
,
299.
called
to
appéere
before
the
Abbots
of
Aberconwy
&
Cymer
,
309.
he
commeth
again
to
Wales
,
310.
he
and
the
Earle
of
Chester
come
to
Wales
,
322.
commeth
to
Montgomerie
and
maketh
peace
with
the
prince
,
326.
he
dieth
,
328.
-
Henrie
Lacy
lord
of
Denbigh
and
Earle
of
Lincolne
,
377.
-
Henrie
prince
of
Wales
,
392.
-
Henrie
Sidney
knight
of
the
order
,
400.
-
Howel
the
brother
of
Conan
Tindaethwy
,
22.
King
of
man
,
25.
-
Howel
Dha
prince
of
Southwales
,
45.
prince
of
al
Wales
,
52.
his
lawes
,
53.
he
went
to
Rome
,
54
,
he
dieth
,
58.
-
Howel
ap
Ieuaf
,
62.
vseth
his
brother
Meyric
cruellie
,
63.
ruleth
Northwales
,
64.
he
is
slaine
,
66.
-
Howel
ap
Edwyn
,
88.
he
is
slaine
,
93.
-
Howel
ap
Grono
,
lord
of
Stratywy
Cydewen
and
Gwyr
,
159.
he
is
traiterouslie
slaine
,
161.
-
Howel
ap
Ithel
lord
of
Ros
&
Ryuonioc
,
183.
-
Howel
ap
Owen
Gwyneth
a
valiant
captaine
,
199.
-
Howel
ap
Ieuaflord
of
Arustly
,
240.
-
Hubert
de
Burgh
kéepeth
the
castell
of
Douer
,
275.
gaue
the
French
nauie
an
ouerthrow
,
277.
some
of
the
Barons
conspire
against
him
,
283.
owner
of
Montgomerie
,
284.
his
folie
,
285.
committed
to
prison
,
288.
escapeth
out
of
prison
,
289.
reconciled
to
the
King
,
292.
-
Huganus
lord
of
Westwales
,
47.
-
Hugh
Lupus
Earle
of
Chester
,
151.155
.
he
dieth
,
157.
-
Hugh
de
Montgomerie
Earle
of
Salope
,
155.
he
is
slaine
,
156.
-
Hugh
Earle
of
Chester
winneth
Mehenyth
,
197.
-
Hugh
Lacy
,
151.
I.
-
IAgo
ap
Edwal
,
59.62
.
-
Iago
ap
Edwal
,
87.
-
Iestyn
ap
Gurgant
lord
of
Glamorgan
,
119.
-
Ieuaf
ap
Edwal
,
59.60.70
.
-
Igmond
commeth
to
Anglisey
,
41.
-
Iohn
king
of
England
made
Knight
,
goeth
to
Ireland
&
returneth
againe
,
240.
lost
Normandie
,
Aniow
,
Mayne
and
Poytiers
,
258.
goeth
to
Ireland
,
261.
goeth
to
Wales
,
264.
and
againe
,
265.
maketh
his
kingdome
tributarie
to
the
Pope
,
270.
he
destroieth
the
Marches
of
Wales
,
275.
he
dieth
,
276.
-
Iohn
le
Fleming
,
125.
his
heires
,
136.
-
Iohn
de
Cremona
a
Cardinal
,
186.
-
Iohn
Scot
Earle
of
Chester
,
288.293
.
-
Iohn
of
Monmouth
,
290.310
.
-
Iohn
Peckam
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
338.
-
Iohn
Uoisye
bishop
of
Excester
,
393.
-
Iohn
Sutton
alias
Dudley
Earle
of
Warwike
,
397.
-
Iohn
Williams
L.
Williams
of
Thame
,
399.
-
Ionaual
the
son
of
Meyric
,
67.
-
Iorwerth
Drwyndwn
,
227.
-
Iorwerth
ap
Blethyn
,
157.158
.
condemned
and
cast
into
prison
,
160.
set
at
libertie
,
167.
slaine
cruellie
,
170.
-
Iorwerth
ap
Owen
ap
Caradoc
lord
of
Caerlheon
vpon
Usc
,
230.
wan
Caerlheon
again
,
234.
obtained
the
kings
fauour
,
236.
-
Ioseph
of
Aremathia
,
12.
-
Ithel
K.
of
Gwent
,
29.
-
Iuor
the
sonne
of
Alan
,
7.
-
Iuor
the
sonne
of
Ednerth
ap
Cadogoan
,
154.
K.
-
KEntwine
K.
of
Westsex
,
8.
-
Kenulph
K.
of
Wests
.
16.
he
destroieth
Wales
,
25.
L.
-
LHanbadarn
destroied
by
the
Danes
,
71.
-
Lhanvaes
,
293.
-
Loegria
Lhoeger
,
1.
-
Lhechryd
,
117.
-
Lhewelyn
ap
Sitsylht
,
83.84
.
-
Lhewelyn
ap
Iorwerth
,
245.
taketh
his
vncle
Dauid
prisoner
,
250.
calleth
a
parlement
,
257.
marieth
Ione
the
daughter
of
King
Iohn
,
259.
maketh
peace
with
K.
Iohn
,
265.
released
by
the
Pope
of
his
oth
of
allegeance
to
the
K.
of
England
,
&
commanded
to
war
against
him
,
267.
he
winneth
Ruthlan
and
Dyganwy
,
270.
excommunicated
by
the
Pope
,
271.
he
winneth
Shrewesburie
,
ibidem
.
goeth
with
an
armie
to
Southwales
,
273.
also
to
Brechnocke
,
277.
leadeth
an
armie
to
Penbrooke
,
279.
commeth
to
the
K.
at
Shrewesburie
,
281.
destroieth
all
the
marches
to
Southwales
,
287.
entreth
into
England
,
288.
commeth
with
an
armie
to
Brechnocke
,
ibid.
taketh
the
towne
of
Salop
againe
,
291.
concludeth
peace
with
K.
Henrie
the
third
,
292.
calleth
all
the
Lords
and
Barons
of
Wales
togither
,
297.
he
dieth
,
298.
-
Lhewelyn
ap
Gruffyth
chosen
Prince
of
Wales
,
314.
diuided
the
principalitie
betwene
him
and
his
brother
Owen
,
ibidem
.
entred
the
Earle
of
Chestersland
,
321.
causeth
the
Earle
to
retire
,
ibid.
destroieth
the
Erldom
of
Chester
,
326.
maketh
peace
with
the
K.
326.
refuseth
to
come
to
K.
Edwards
coronation
,
328.
excuseth
himselfe
to
the
Archbishops
,
329.
maketh
peace
with
K.
Edward
,
334.
he
is
maried
,
336.
his
answer
to
the
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
340.
his
answer
to
the
kings
offer
,
366.
he
is
slaine
,
374.
-
Lhywarch
ap
Owen
,
69.
-
Lhywarch
ap
Trahaern
,
164.169.171
.
-
Lhyyn
destroied
,
65.
-
Locusts
destroie
Ireland
,
42.
-
Lumbards
whence
they
came
,
39.
M.
-
MAdoc
ap
Riryd
,
164.166.172
.
-
Madoc
ap
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
,
210.
-
Madoc
ap
Owen
Gwyneth
,
227.
-
Madoc
ap
Gruffyth
Maylor
,
255.293
.
-
Madoc
coosen
to
Prince
Lhewelyn
,
380.
discomfiteth
Edmund
the
kings
brother
,
and
H.
Lacie
Earle
of
Lincolne
,
ibid.
taken
and
sent
to
prison
,
381.
-
Maelgon
Gwyneth
,
2.
-
Maelgon
ap
Rées
,
242.
escapeth
out
of
prison
,
243.
winneth
the
castel
of
Strat
meyric
,
ibid.
his
vnconstancie
,
266.
dieth
,
286.
-
Maelgon
the
son
of
Maelgon
,
287.289.290.308.315.380
.
-
Magedawc
,
16.
-
Manaw
,
(
D
)
14.5
.
-
Marie
princesse
of
walles
,
393.
-
Mathraual
(
D
)
6.
&
11.267
.
-
Mawd
the
empresse
commeth
to
England
,
195.
she
dieth
,
240.
-
Meneuia
(
D
)
18.
destroied
,
114.
spoiled
,
154.
the
see
made
subiect
to
the
see
of
Canturburie
,
160.
spoiled
,
289.
-
Merdhin
or
Merlin
,
4.
-
Meredyth
ap
Owen
,
69.71
.
he
dieth
,
73.
-
Meredyth
ap
Owen
ap
Edwyn
prince
of
Southwales
,
103.
he
is
slaine
,
110.
-
Meredyth
ap
Blethyn
,
157.158
taken
by
his
brother
Iorwerth
and
sent
to
the
kings
prison
,
159.
he
escapeth
out
of
prison
,
162.
-
Meredyth
ap
Gruffyth
ap
Rees
lord
of
Caerdigan
and
Stratywy
,
204.
-
Meriadoc
,
2.
-
Merionyth
,
(
D
)
9.
-
Meruyn
Urych
,
22.24
.
he
is
slaine
,
28.
-
Meyric
the
son
of
Arthpoel
,
85.
-
Miles
Fitzwater
Earle
of
Hereford
,
148.
-
Moon
(
D
)
6.7
.
destroied
,
29.65.69.71
.
-
Monkes
and
Freers
lately
receiued
in
Wales
,
253.
-
Mooren
of
cattell
in
Wales
,
69.
-
Morgan
of
Glamorgan
,
380.382
.
-
Morganwc
,
(
D
)
19.
¶
See
Glamorgan
.
-
Mont
Paladour
,
5.
-
Montgomerie
,
152.280
.
-
Murcasteth
,
173.
N.
-
NIcholas
Heath
bishop
of
worcester
,
397.
-
Normans
whence
they
came
,
39.
Tithed
and
put
to
death
,
92.
they
destroie
Dyuet
,
110.
-
Northwales
described
,
(
D
)
6.
descended
thrée
times
to
a
woman
,
(
D
)
13.
O.
-
OFfa
K.
of
Mercia
,
18.
his
ditch
,
19
(
D
)
5.
he
draue
the
welshmen
beyond
the
ditch
,
ibid.
-
Oswestrie
castell
built
,
201.
the
towne
burnt
,
288.
-
Owen
ap
Iorwerth
traitorouslie
slaine
,
232
,
-
Owen
ap
Meredyth
,
lord
of
Cydewen
,
325.
-
Owen
Tuver
,
390.391
.
-
Owen
the
son
of
Howel
Dha
,
58.
-
Owen
the
sonne
of
Dyfnwal
,
71.
-
Oliuer
,
De
S.
Iohn
,
125.
his
heires
,
136.
-
Owen
ap
Edwyn
,
155.
he
dieth
,
160.
-
Owen
ap
Cadogan
taketh
awaie
Geralds
wife
,
163.
flieth
to
Ireland
,
165.
pardoned
and
called
home
againe
,
170.
submitteth
himself
to
K.
H.
1.174
.
he
goeth
with
the
King
to
Normandie
and
is
made
knight
,
175.
he
is
slaine
,
182.
-
Owen
Gwyneth
,
188.193
.
he
burneth
Caermardhyn
,
193.
taketh
the
castell
of
Moulde
,
199.
builded
a
castell
at
yal
,
201.
wanne
the
castell
of
Basingwerke
,
223.
maketh
war
vpon
Owen
Cyuelioc
,
224.
wanne
the
castell
of
Ruthlan
,
and
all
Tegengl
,
ibid.
he
dieth
,
225.
-
Owen
ap
Gruffyth
,
314.334
.
P.
-
PAganus
de
Turberuile
,
125
his
issue
and
heires
,
132.
-
Parlement
when
it
first
began
,
182.
-
Penant
Bachwy
,
173.
-
Penbrooke
,
(
D
)
18.
the
castell
built
,
154.
the
same
castell
built
againe
,
163.
-
Peter
le
Soore
,
125.
his
heires
,
135.
-
Polydor
Uirgil
reprehended
.
(
D
)
23.
-
Poole
taken
by
the
Archbishop
of
Canturburie
,
248.
the
castell
ouerthrowen
,
288.
-
Powys
,
(
D
)
11.35
.
the
partition
of
it
,
211.
-
Priests
forbidden
to
marrie
,
162.
-
Prophesies
causes
of
much
hurt
,
5.
-
Pwlhgwitie
,
113.
R.
-
RAdnor
destroied
,
71.
Rees
ap
Owen
ap
Edwyn
,
111.
he
obtaineth
the
rule
of
Southwales
,
112.
he
is
slaine
,
113.
-
Rees
ap
Theodor
Prince
of
Southwales
,
113.
he
ioyneth
with
Gruffyth
ap
Conan
,
114.
ouerthrew
and
put
to
flight
the
children
of
Blethyn
ap
Convyn
,
117.
ouercommeth
his
enimies
at
Lhandydoch
,
119.
he
is
slaine
,
ibid.
-
Rees
ap
Gruffyth
called
the
lord
Rees
,
204.
maketh
peace
with
the
King
,
208.
laieth
siege
to
Caermardhin
,
210.
did
his
homage
to
the
King
,
220.
maketh
warre
vpon
the
Earle
of
Clare
,
ibid.
wanne
the
castell
of
Aberteiui
and
Cilgerran
,
223.
came
with
a
power
to
Powys
,
230.
came
to
the
K.
at
Penbrooke
,
231.
commeth
to
the
court
,
235.
his
feast
,
237.
he
wanne
the
castels
of
S.
Clere
,
Abercorran
and
Lhanstephan
,
242.
likewise
the
castell
of
Dineuowr
&
Lhanhayaden
,
243.
taken
prisoner
by
his
sons
,
244.
he
taketh
Caermarthin
,
Ciun
,
Radnor
,
the
castell
of
Payne
in
Eluel
,
247.
he
dieth
,
249.
-
Rees
ap
Meredyth
knight
,
378
-
Reginald
de
Sully
,
125.
his
heires
,
135.
-
Reginald
Graylord
of
Ruthyn
377.
-
Richard
de
Granuile
or
greenféeld
,
125.
his
issue
,
131.
-
Richard
de
Syward
,
125.
his
heires
,
134.
-
Richard
Belmersh
bishop
of
London
,
sent
to
be
warden
of
the
Marches
of
wales
,
160.164
.
-
Richard
1.
K.
of
England
,
241.
goeth
to
the
holie
land
,
242.
winneth
Cyprus
,
243.
he
is
taken
prisoner
,
243.
returneth
to
England
,
244.
he
dieth
,
253.
-
Richard
Marshal
Earle
of
Penbrooke
,
286
,
288.
in
leage
with
Lhewelyn
Prince
of
wales
,
290.
he
goeth
to
Ireland
and
is
slaine
,
291.
-
Richard
of
Burdeux
,
385.
-
Richard
Sampson
bishop
of
Couen
,
and
Lich.
396.
-
Robert
Fitzhamon
,
119.
his
Conquest
in
wales
,
124.
his
twelue
knights
,
125.
his
own
portion
of
Glamorgan
,
127.
his
Petegrée
and
heires
,
128.
-
Robert
S.
Quintine
,
125.
his
heires
,
134.
-
Robert
Sitsylt
,
141.
his
issue
and
descents
,
142.
-
Robert
de
Belesmo
Earle
of
Salop
rebelleth
against
K.
H.
1.157
.
he
forsaketh
the
land
,
159.
he
is
taken
and
imprisoned
,
171.
his
crueltie
,
ibid.
-
Robert
Fitzstephen
a
chiefe
capteine
in
the
conquest
of
Ireland
,
225.
-
Roderike
Molwynoc
,
14.
driuen
from
the
west
countrie
to
Northwales
,
16.
-
Roderike
the
great
,
28.
he
is
slaine
,
35.
-
Roderike
ap
Owen
Gwyneth
,
237.243
.
-
Roger
Montgomerie
Earle
of
Salop
,
151.
he
fortified
Montgomerie
castell
,
152.
he
is
slaine
,
153.
-
Roger
de
Berkrolles
,
125.
his
heires
,
135.
-
Roger
Earle
of
Clare
obtaineth
of
the
king
such
lands
in
wales
as
he
could
winne
,
208.
-
Roger
Mortimer
right
heire
to
the
principalitie
of
wales
,
314.315.316
.
-
Rollo
came
to
France
,
37.
-
Rowland
Lée
Bishop
of
Couentrie
and
Lichfield
,
394.
-
Run
the
sonne
of
Meredyth
counterfeited
by
a
Scot
,
85.
-
Ruthlan
(
D
)
10.
the
castell
the
palace
of
Gruffyth
ap
Lhewelyn
prince
of
wales
,
100.
fortified
by
king
Henrie
the
second
,
207.
belonging
to
the
Earle
of
Chester
,
267.
-
Ruthyn
(
D
)
10.
the
lordship
,
378.
-
Rydcors
castell
built
,
153.
-
Rytherch
ap
Iestyn
ruleth
Southwales
,
87.
he
is
slaine
,
88.
-
Rythmarch
Archbishop
of
S.
Dauids
,
156.
-
Rywalhon
ap
Convyn
,
103.
he
is
slaine
,
109.
S.
-
SAyson
Saysonaec
,
(
D
)
4.
-
Saxons
whence
they
came
,
25.
they
spoile
the
Brytaines
of
their
countrie
,
6.
their
seauen
kingdomes
,
26.
-
Sibertus
K.
of
Essex
,
11.
-
Sigebert
K.
of
Westsex
,
16.
-
Simon
de
Thurnay
,
258.
-
Strat
Alyn
,
356.
-
Strat
Clwyd
spoiled
,
58.
-
Strat
Marchelh
,
214
,
217.
-
Strat
Tywy
,
152.
-
Stephen
Constable
of
Aberteiui
,
189.
-
Sulien
bishop
of
S.
Dauids
,
110.
he
forsaketh
his
bishoprike
,
113.
he
is
compelled
to
take
his
bishoprike
againe
,
114.
he
forsaketh
his
bishoprike
againe
,
116.
he
dieth
,
118.
-
Switzers
whence
they
came
,
39.
T.
-
TAlaeth
,
35.
-
Taliefyn
,
(
D
)
15
,
254.
-
Tegyd
,
(
D
)
9.
-
Theodor
the
sonne
of
Belin
,
16
-
Theodor
Mawr
,
66.
he
is
slain
,
72.
-
Trahaern
ap
Caradoc
,
112.
he
is
slaine
,
114.
-
Thurstan
abbot
of
Glastenburie
,
116.
V.
-
VAndals
whence
they
came
,
39.
-
Uchdred
ap
Edwyn
ap
Grono
,
154.
-
Urgeney
ap
Sitsylht
,
114.
W.
-
WAllia
,
wales
,
(
D
)
2.3.4
.
¶
See
Cambria
.
-
Walter
Steward
,
97.
-
Walter
bishop
of
Hereford
,
165.
-
Walwern
castell
,
219.
-
Walweys
sepulchre
found
,
116.
-
Westwales
destroied
,
65.
-
Woolues
destroied
in
Wales
,
61.
-
William
Conquerour
commeth
to
England
,
107.
he
ouercommeth
Haroald
,
and
is
crowned
K.
of
England
,
108.
he
entreth
Wales
with
an
armie
,
115.
he
dieth
,
116.
-
William
Rufus
,
117.
he
commeth
with
an
armie
into
Wales
,
153.155
.
he
builded
Westminster
hall
,
156.
he
is
slaine
,
157.
-
William
de
Londres
,
125.
his
heires
,
131.
-
William
Stradling
,
137.
his
heires
,
ibid.
-
William
Brusus
traitorous
fact
,
236.260
.
hanged
,
286.
-
William
Marshall
Earle
of
Penbrooke
,
279.
to
whom
his
great
liuing
in
England
,
Wales
and
Ireland
descended
,
312.
-
William
Smith
bishop
of
Lincolne
,
391.
-
William
Herbert
Erle
of
Penbrooke
,
398.
Y.
-
YAl
,
(
D
)
11.
the
castel
built
.
201.
the
castell
taken
and
burnt
,
208.
-
Yarthyr
the
son
of
Mervyn
,
60.
-
Ynyr
the
cosen
of
Iuor
,
7.
-
Ysbys
,
152.
FINIS
.
1584
Imprinted
at
London
by
Rafe
Newberie
and
Henrie
Denham
.
Cum
Priuilegio
Regiae
Maiestatis
.