The
first
Point
.
COncerning
the
first
Point
,
I
say
,
that
Chocolate
is
a
Name
of
the
Indians
;
which
in
our
vulgar
Castilian
,
we
may
call
a
certaine
Confection
,
in
which
(
amongst
other
Ingredients
)
the
principall
Basis
,
and
Foundation
,
is
the
Cacao
;
of
whose
Nature
and
Quality
it
is
necessary
first
to
treat
:
And
therefore
I
say
,
according
to
the
common
received
opinion
,
that
it
is
cold
,
and
dry
,
Ã
praedominio
;
that
is
to
say
,
that
though
it
be
true
,
that
every
Simple
containes
in
it
the
Qualities
of
the
foure
Elements
,
in
the
action
,
and
re-action
,
which
it
hath
in
it
,
yet
there
results
another
distinct
Quality
,
which
we
call
Complexion
.
This
Quality
,
or
Complexion
,
which
ariseth
of
this
Mixture
,
is
not
alwayes
one
,
and
the
same
;
neither
hath
it
the
effect
,
in
all
the
mixtures
,
but
they
may
be
varied
nine
wayes
;
foure
Simple
,
from
whence
one
onely
quality
doth
abound
;
and
foure
Compounded
,
from
whence
two
Symbolizing
qualities
are
predominant
,
and
one
other
,
which
we
call
ad
pondus
,
which
is
of
all
these
fore-said
qualities
,
which
are
in
aequilibrio
,
that
is
to
say
in
equall
measure
and
degree
.
Of
all
these
,
the
Complexion
of
Cacao
is
composed
,
since
there
arise
two
qualities
,
which
are
cold
,
and
dry
;
and
in
the
substance
,
that
rules
them
,
hath
it
restringent
and
obstructive
,
of
the
nature
of
the
Element
of
the
Earth
.
And
then
,
as
it
is
a
Mixe
,
and
not
a
simple
Element
,
it
must
needes
have
parts
correspondent
to
the
rest
of
the
Elements
;
and
particularly
,
it
partakes
(
and
that
,
not
a
little
)
of
those
,
which
correspond
with
the
Element
of
Aire
,
that
is
,
Heat
and
Moysture
,
which
are
governed
by
the
Unctuous
parts
;
there
being
drawne
out
of
the
Cacao
much
Butter
,
which
,
in
the
Indies
I
have
seene
drawne
out
of
it
,
for
the
Face
,
by
the
Criollas
.
It
may
Philosophically
be
objected
,
in
this
manner
:
Two
contrary
Qualities
,
and
Disagreeing
,
cannot
be
,
in
gradu
intenso
,
in
one
and
the
same
Subject
:
Cacao
is
cold
and
drie
,
in
predominency
:
Therefore
,
it
cannot
have
the
qualities
contrary
to
those
;
which
are
Heate
,
and
Moysture
.
The
first
Proposition
is
most
certaine
,
and
grounded
upon
good
Philosophy
:
The
second
is
consented
unto
,
by
all
:
The
third
,
which
is
the
Conclusion
,
is
regular
.
It
cannot
be
denyed
,
but
that
the
Argument
is
very
strong
,
and
these
reasons
being
considered
by
him
of
Marchena
,
have
made
him
affirme
,
that
Chocolate
is
Obstructive
;
it
seeming
to
be
contrary
to
Philosophy
,
that
it
there
should
bee
found
Heate
and
Moysture
,
in
gradu
intenso
;
and
to
be
so
likewise
in
Cold
and
Dry
.
To
this
,
there
are
two
things
to
be
answered
:
One
,
that
he
never
saw
the
experience
of
drawing
out
the
Butter
,
which
I
have
done
;
and
that
when
the
Chocolate
is
made
without
adding
any
thing
to
the
dryed
Powder
,
which
is
incorporated
,
onely
by
beating
it
well
together
,
and
is
united
,
and
made
into
a
Paste
,
which
is
a
signe
that
there
is
a
moist
,
and
glutinous
part
,
which
,
of
necessity
,
must
correspond
with
the
Element
of
Aire
.
The
other
reason
,
we
will
draw
from
Philosophy
;
affirming
that
,
in
the
Cacao
,
there
are
different
Substances
.
In
the
one
,
that
is
to
say
,
in
that
,
which
is
not
so
fat
,
it
hath
a
greater
quantity
of
the
Oylie
,
then
of
the
earthy
substance
;
and
in
the
fatter
parts
,
it
hath
more
of
the
earthy
than
of
the
Oily
substance
.
In
these
there
is
Heat
and
Moysture
in
predominancy
and
in
the
other
cold
and
dry
.
Notwithstanding
that
it
is
hard
to
be
believed
,
that
in
one
and
the
same
substance
,
and
so
little
of
the
Cacao
,
it
can
have
substances
so
different
:
To
the
end
that
it
may
appeare
more
easie
,
cleare
,
and
evident
,
first
we
see
it
in
the
Rubarbe
,
which
hath
in
it
hot
and
soluble
parts
,
and
parts
which
are
Binding
,
Cold
and
Dry
which
have
a
vertue
to
strengthen
,
binde
,
and
stop
the
loosenesse
of
the
Belly
:
I
say
also
,
that
hee
that
sees
,
and
considers
the
steele
,
so
much
of
the
Nature
of
the
earth
,
as
being
heavy
,
thicke
,
cold
,
and
dry
;
it
seemes
to
be
thought
unproper
for
the
caring
of
Opilations
,
but
rather
to
be
apt
,
to
encrease
them
;
and
yet
it
is
given
for
a
proper
remedy
against
them
.
This
difficulty
is
cleared
thus
,
that
though
it
be
true
,
that
it
hath
much
of
the
Earthy
part
;
yet
it
hath
also
parts
of
Sulphur
,
and
of
Quick-silver
,
which
doe
open
,
and
disopilate
;
neither
doth
it
so
,
untill
it
be
helped
by
Art
,
as
it
is
ground
,
stirred
,
and
made
fine
,
in
the
preparing
of
it
;
the
Sulphurous
parts
,
and
those
of
Quick-silver
,
being
thinne
,
active
,
and
penetrative
,
they
mingle
,
at
the
last
with
those
parts
,
which
are
Earthy
and
astringent
:
Insomuch
,
that
they
being
mingled
after
this
manner
,
one
with
another
,
we
cannot
now
say
,
that
the
steele
is
astringent
,
but
rather
,
that
it
is
penetrative
,
attenuating
,
and
opening
.
Let
us
prove
this
Doctrine
by
Authorities
;
and
let
the
first
be
from
Gallen
,
lib.
3.
of
the
qualities
of
Simples
,
cap.
14.
Where
,
first
of
all
he
teacheth
,
that
almost
all
those
Medicines
,
which
,
to
our
sence
,
seeme
to
bee
simple
,
are
notwithstanding
naturally
Compounded
,
containing
in
themselves
contrary
qualities
;
and
that
is
to
say
,
a
quality
to
expell
,
and
to
retaine
;
to
incrassate
,
and
attenuate
;
to
rarifie
,
and
to
condense
.
Neither
are
we
to
wonder
at
it
,
it
being
understood
,
that
in
every
fore-said
Medicine
,
there
is
a
quality
to
heate
,
and
to
coole
;
to
moisten
and
to
dry
.
And
whatsoever
Medicine
it
bee
,
it
hath
in
it
,
thicke
,
and
thinne
parts
;
rare
,
and
dense
;
soft
,
and
hard
.
And
in
the
fifteenth
Chapter
following
,
in
the
same
Booke
,
hee
puts
an
example
of
the
Broth
of
a
Cocke
,
which
moves
the
Belly
;
and
the
Flesh
hath
the
vertue
to
binde
.
He
puts
also
the
example
of
the
Aloes
,
which
if
it
be
washt
,
looseth
the
Purgative
vertue
;
or
that
which
it
hath
,
is
but
weake
.
That
this
differing
vertue
,
and
faculty
,
is
found
in
divers
substances
,
or
parts
of
simple
Medicaments
,
Gallen
shewes
in
the
first
Booke
of
his
simple
Medicines
,
and
the
seventeenth
Chapter
,
bringing
the
example
of
Milke
;
in
which
,
three
substances
are
found
,
and
separated
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
substance
of
Cheese
,
which
hath
the
vertue
to
stop
the
Fluxe
of
the
Belly
;
and
the
substance
of
Whay
,
which
is
Purging
;
and
Butter
,
as
it
is
expressed
in
the
said
Gallen
,
Cap.
15.
Also
we
finde
in
Wine
which
is
in
the
Must
,
three
substances
,
that
is
to
say
,
earth
,
which
is
the
chiefe
;
and
a
thinner
substance
,
which
is
the
flower
,
and
may
be
called
the
scum
,
or
froath
:
and
a
third
substance
,
which
we
properly
call
Wine
;
And
every
one
of
these
substances
,
containes
in
it selfe
divers
qualities
,
and
vertues
;
in
the
colour
,
in
the
smell
,
and
in
other
Accidents
.
Aristotle
in
the
fourth
Booke
of
the
Meteors
and
the
first
Chapter
,
treating
of
Putrifaction
,
hee
found
the
same
substances
;
and
in
the
second
Chapter
next
following
,
where
he
that
is
curious
,
may
read
it
.
And
also
by
the
doctrine
of
Galen
,
and
of
Aristotle
,
divers
substances
are
attributed
to
every
of
the
mixt
under
one
and
the
same
forme
and
quantity
;
which
is
very
conformable
to
reason
,
if
we
consider
,
that
every
Aliment
,
be
it
never
so
simple
,
begets
,
and
produceth
in
the
liver
,
foure
humours
,
not
onely
differing
in
temper
,
but
also
in
substance
;
and
begets
more
or
lesse
of
that
humour
,
according
as
that
Aliment
hath
more
or
fewer
parts
corresponding
to
the
substance
of
that
humour
,
which
is
most
ingendred
.
And
so
in
cold
diseases
,
we
give
warme
nourishment
;
and
cold
nourishment
,
in
hot
diseases
.
From
which
evident
examples
,
and
many
others
,
which
we
might
produce
to
this
purpose
,
wee
may
gather
,
that
,
when
we
grinde
,
and
stirre
the
Cacao
,
the
divers
parts
,
which
Nature
hath
given
it
,
doe
artificially
,
and
intimately
mixe
themselves
one
with
an
other
;
and
so
the
uuctuous
,
warme
,
and
moist
parts
,
mingled
with
the
earthy
(
as
we
have
said
of
the
steele
)
represses
,
and
leaves
them
not
so
binding
,
as
they
were
before
;
but
rather
with
a
mediocritie
,
more
inclining
to
the
warme
,
and
moist
temper
of
the
Aire
,
then
to
the
cold
and
dry
of
the
Earth
;
as
it
doth
appeare
when
it
is
made
fit
to
drinke
;
that
you
scarce
give
it
two
turnes
with
the
Molinet
when
there
riseth
a
fatty
scumme
:
by
which
you
may
see
,
how
much
it
partaketh
of
the
Oylie
part
.
From
which
doctrine
I
gather
,
that
the
Author
of
Marchena
,
was
in
an
errour
;
who
,
writing
of
Chocolate
,
saith
,
that
it
causeth
Opilations
,
because
Cacao
is
astringent
;
as
if
that
astriction
were
not
corrected
,
by
the
intimate
mixing
of
one
part
with
an
other
,
by
meanes
of
the
grinding
,
as
is
said
before
.
Besides
,
it
having
so
many
ingredients
,
which
are
naturally
hot
,
it
must
of
necessity
have
this
effect
;
that
is
to
say
,
to
open
,
attenuate
,
and
not
to
binde
,
and
,
indeed
,
there
is
no
cause
of
bringing
more
examples
,
or
producing
more
reasons
,
for
this
truth
,
then
that
which
we
see
in
the
Cacao
it selfe
:
which
,
if
it
be
not
stirred
,
and
compounded
,
as
aforesaid
,
to
make
the
Chocolate
.
But
eating
of
it
,
as
it
is
in
the
fruite
,
as
the
Criollas
eate
it
in
the
Indies
,
it
doth
notably
obstruct
,
and
cause
stoppings
;
for
no
other
cause
but
this
,
that
the
divers
substances
which
it
containes
,
are
not
perfectly
mingled
by
the
mastication
onely
,
but
require
the
artificiall
mixture
,
which
we
have
spoken
of
before
.
Besides
,
our
Adversary
should
have
considered
,
and
called
to
his
memory
,
the
first
rudiments
of
Philosophy
,
That
,
Ã
dicto
secundum
quid
,
ad
dictum
simpliciter
,
non
valet
consequentia
;
As
it
is
not
enough
to
say
,
the
Black-a-Moore
is
white
,
because
his
teeth
are
white
;
for
hee
may
bee
blacke
,
though
he
have
white
teeth
;
and
so
it
is
not
enough
io
say
,
that
the
Cacao
is
stopping
;
and
therefore
the
Confection
,
which
is
made
of
it
,
is
also
stopping
.
The
Tree
,
which
beares
this
fruit
,
is
so
delicate
;
and
the
earth
,
where
it
growes
,
is
so
extreame
hot
,
that
to
keepe
the
tree
from
being
consumed
by
the
Sun
,
they
first
plant
other
trees
;
and
when
they
are
growne
up
,
to
a
good
heighth
,
then
they
plant
the
Cacao-trees
;
that
when
it
first
shewes
it selfe
above
the
ground
,
those
trees
,
which
are
already
growne
,
may
shelter
it
from
the
Sunne
;
and
the
fruit
doth
not
grow
naked
,
but
ten
or
twelue
of
them
are
in
one
Gorde
or
Codde
,
which
is
of
the
bignes
of
a
great
blacke
Figge
,
or
bigger
,
and
of
the
same
forme
,
and
colour
.
There
are
two
sorts
of
Cacao
;
the
one
is
common
,
which
is
of
a
gray
colour
,
inclining
towards
red
;
the
other
is
broader
,
and
bigger
,
which
they
call
Patlaxte
,
and
this
is
white
,
and
more
drying
;
whereby
it
causeth
watchfulnes
,
and
drives
away
sleepe
,
and
therefore
it
is
not
so
usefull
,
as
the
ordinary
.
This
shall
suffice
to
be
said
of
the
Cacao
.
And
as
for
the
rest
of
the
ingredients
,
which
make
our
Chocolaticall
Confection
,
there
is
notable
variety
;
because
some
doe
put
into
it
blacke
Pepper
,
and
also
Tauasco
;
which
is
not
proper
,
because
is
is
so
hot
and
dry
;
but
onely
for
one
,
Mexico
,
of
whom
a
Religious
man
of
good
credit
told
me
,
that
he
finding
the
ordinary
round
Pepper
was
not
fit
to
bring
his
purpose
about
;
and
to
the
end
,
he
might
discover
,
whether
the
long
red
pepper
were
more
proper
,
he
made
triall
upon
the
liver
of
a
Sheepe
;
and
putting
the
ordinary
pepper
on
one
side
,
and
the
red
pepper
The
Receipt
of
him
who
wrote
at
Marchena
,
is
this
:
Of
Cacaos
,
700
;
of
white
Sugar
,
one
pound
and
a
halfe
;
Cinnamon
,
2.
ounces
;
of
long
red
pepper
,
14.
of
Cloves
,
halfe
an
ounce
:
Three
Cods
of
the
Logwood
or
Campeche
tree
;
or
in
stead
of
that
,
the
weight
of
2.
Reals
,
or
a
shilling
of
Annis-seeds
;
as
much
of
Achiote
,
as
will
give
it
the
colour
,
which
is
about
the
quantity
of
a
Hasell-nut
.
Some
put
in
Almons
,
kernels
of
Nuts
,
and
Orenge-flower-water
.
Concerning
this
Receipt
,
I
shall
first
say
,
This
shooe
will
not
fit
every
foote
;
but
for
those
,
who
have
diseases
,
or
are
inclining
to
be
infirme
,
you
may
either
adde
,
or
take
away
,
according
to
the
necessity
,
and
temperature
of
every
one
:
and
I
hold
it
not
amisse
,
that
Sugar
bee
put
into
it
,
when
it
is
drunke
,
so
that
it
be
according
to
the
quantity
I
shall
hereafter
set
downe
.
And
sometimes
they
make
Tablets
of
the
Sugar
,
and
the
Chocolate
together
;
which
they
doe
onely
to
please
the
Pallats
,
as
the
Dames
of
Mexico
doe
use
it
;
and
they
are
there
sold
in
shops
,
and
are
confected
and
eaten
like
other
sweet-meats
.
For
the
Cloves
,
which
are
put
into
this
drinke
,
by
the
Author
aforesaid
,
the
best
Writers
of
this
Composition
use
them
not
;
peradventure
upon
this
reason
:
that
although
they
take
away
the
ill
savour
of
the
mouth
,
they
binde
;
as
a
learned
Writer
hath
exprest
in
these
verses
:
Foetorem
emendant
or
is
Cariophila
foedum
;
Constring
unt
ventrem
,
primaque
membrajuvant
.
And
because
they
are
binding
(
and
hot
and
dry
in
the
third
degree
)
they
must
not
be
used
,
though
they
helpe
the
chiefe
parts
of
Concoction
,
which
are
the
stomacke
,
and
the
Liver
,
as
appeares
by
the
Verses
before
recited
.
The
husks
or
Cods
of
Logwood
,
or
Campeche
,
are
very
good
,
and
smell
like
Fennell
;
and
every
one
puts
in
of
these
,
because
they
are
not
very
hot
;
though
it
excuse
not
the
putting
in
of
Annis-seed
,
as
sayes
the
Author
of
this
Receipt
;
for
there
is
no
Chocolate
without
it
,
because
it
is
good
for
many
cold
diseases
,
being
hot
in
the
third
degree
;
and
to
temper
the
coldnesse
of
the
Cacao
;
and
that
it
may
appeare
,
it
helpes
the
indisposition
of
cold
parts
,
I
will
cite
the
Verses
of
one
,
curious
in
this
Art
:
Morbosos
renes
,
vesicam
,
guttura
,
vuluam
,
Intestina
,
iecur
,
cumque
lyene
caput
Confortat
,
varijsque
Anisum
subdita
mortis
Membra
:
istud
tantam
vim
leve
semen
habet
.
The
quantity
of
a
Nut
of
the
Achiote
is
too
little
to
colour
the
quantity
made
according
to
his
Receipt
;
and
therefore
,
Those
,
who
adde
Almons
,
and
Nuts
,
doe
not
ill
;
because
they
give
it
more
body
and
substance
then
Maiz
,
or
Paniso
,
which
others
use
;
and
for
my
part
,
I
should
alwayes
put
it
in
to
Chocolate
,
for
Almonds
(
besides
what
I
have
said
of
them
before
)
are
moderately
hot
,
and
have
a
thin
juice
;
but
you
must
not
use
new
Almons
,
as
a
learned
Author
sayes
in
these
Verses
.
Dat
modicè
calidum
dulcisque
Amigdalasuccum
,
Et
tenuem
;
inducunt
damna
nova
.
And
the
small
Nuts
are
not
ill
for
our
purpose
;
for
they
have
almost
the
temper
,
which
the
Almons
have
;
onely
because
they
are
dryer
,
they
come
nearer
the
temper
of
Choler
;
and
doe
therefore
strengthen
the
Belly
,
and
the
Stomacke
,
being
dryed
:
for
so
they
must
be
used
for
the
Confection
;
and
they
preserve
the
head
from
those
vapours
,
which
rise
from
the
Belly
:
as
it
appeares
by
the
said
Author
in
these
Verses
.
Bilis
Avellanamsequitur
â–ª
sedroborat
aluum
Ventris
,
&
Ã
fumis
liberat
assacaput
.
And
therefore
they
are
proper
for
such
as
are
troubled
with
ventuosities
,
and
Hypochondriacall
vapours
,
which
offend
the
brain
,
and
there
cause
such
troublesome
dreames
,
and
sad
imaginations
.
Those
who
mixe
Maiz
,
or
Paniso
,
in
the
Chocolate
doe
very
ill
;
because
those
graines
doe
beget
a
very
melancholy
Humour
:
as
the
same
Author
expresseth
in
these
verses
.
Crassa
melancholicum
praestant
tibi
Panica
succum
Siccant
,
si
ponas
membra
,
geiantque
foris
.
It
is
also
apparantly
windy
;
and
those
which
mixe
it
in
this
Confection
,
do
it
onely
for
their
profit
,
by
encreasing
the
quantity
of
the
Chocolate
;
because
every
Fanega
or
measure
of
[
*
](A19160-1990-b)
*
Maiz
,
or
Indian
Wheat
.
Grani
containing
about
a
Bushell
and
a
halfe
,
is
sold
for
eight
shillings
,
and
they
sell
this
Confection
for
foure
shillings
a
pound
,
which
is
the
ordinary
price
of
the
Chocolate
.
The
Cinamon
is
hot
and
dry
in
the
third
degree
;
it
provokes
Urine
,
and
helpes
the
Kidneys
and
Reynes
of
those
who
are
troubled
with
cold
diseases
;
and
it
is
good
for
the
eyes
;
and
in
effect
,
it
is
cordiall
;
as
appeares
by
the
Author
of
these
verses
.
Commoda
&
urinae
Cynamomum
&
renibus
affert
;
Lumina
clarificat
,
dira
venenafugat
.
The
Achiote
hath
a
piercing
attenuating
quality
;
as
appeareth
by
the
common
practice
of
the
Physitians
in
the
Indies
,
experienced
dayly
in
the
effects
of
it
,
who
doe
give
it
to
their
Patients
,
to
cut
,
and
attenuate
the
grosse
humours
,
which
do
cause
shortnesse
of
breath
,
and
stopping
of
urine
;
and
so
it
may
be
used
for
any
kind
of
Opilations
;
for
we
give
it
for
the
stoppings
,
which
are
in
the
breast
,
or
in
the
Region
of
the
belly
,
or
any
other
part
of
the
Body
.
And
concerning
the
long
red
Peper
,
there
are
foure
sorts
of
it
.
One
is
called
Chilchotes
:
the
other
very
little
,
which
they
call
Chilterpin
;
and
these
two
kindes
,
are
very
quicke
and
biting
.
The
other
two
are
called
Tonalchiles
,
and
these
are
moderately
hot
;
for
they
are
eaten
with
bread
,
as
they
eate
other
fruits
,
and
they
are
of
a
yellow
colour
;
and
they
grow
onely
about
the
Townes
,
which
are
in
,
and
adjoyning
to
the
Lake
of
Mexico
.
The
other
Pepper
is
called
Chilpaclagua
,
which
hath
a
broad
huske
;
and
this
is
not
so
biting
as
the
first
;
nor
so
gentle
as
the
last
:
and
is
that
,
which
is
usually
put
into
the
Chocolate
.
There
are
also
other
ingredients
,
which
are
used
in
this
Confection
.
One
called
Mechasuchil
;
and
another
which
they
call
Vinecaxtli
,
which
in
the
Spanish
they
call
Orejuelas
,
which
are
sweet
smelling
Flowers
,
Aromaticall
and
hot
.
And
the
Mechasuchil
hath
a
Purgative
quality
;
for
in
the
Indies
they
make
a
purging
potion
of
it
.
In
stead
of
this
,
in
Spaine
they
put
into
the
Confection
,
powder
of
Roses
of
Alexandria
,
for
opening
the
Belly
.
I
have
spoken
of
all
these
Ingredients
,
that
every
one
may
make
choise
of
those
which
please
him
best
,
or
are
most
proper
for
his
infirmities
.
The
second
Point
.
AS
concerning
the
second
poynt
,
I
say
,
as
I
have
said
before
,
that
though
it
be
true
,
that
the
Cacao
is
mingled
with
all
these
Ingedients
,
which
are
hot
;
yet
there
is
to
be
a
greater
quantity
of
Cacao
;
then
of
all
the
rest
of
the
Ingredients
,
which
serve
to
temper
the
coldnesse
of
the
Cacao
:
Just
as
when
wee
seeke
,
of
two
Medicines
of
contrary
qualities
,
to
compound
one
,
which
shall
be
of
a
modera
te
temper
:
In
the
same
manner
doth
result
the
same
action
and
re-action
of
the
cold
parts
of
the
Cacao
,
and
of
the
hot
parts
of
the
other
ingredients
,
which
makes
the
Chocolate
of
so
moderate
a
quality
,
that
it
differs
very
little
from
a
mediocrity
;
and
when
there
is
not
put
in
any
ordinary
pepper
,
or
Cloves
,
but
onely
a
little
Annisseede
(
as
I
shall
shew
hereafter
)
we
may
boldly
say
,
that
it
is
very
temperate
.
And
this
may
be
proved
by
reason
,
and
experience
:
(
supposing
that
which
Gallen
sayes
,
to
be
true
,
that
every
mixt
medicine
,
warmeth
the
cold
,
and
cooleth
the
hot
;
bringing
the
example
of
Oyle
of
Roses
.
)
By
experience
,
I
say
,
that
in
the
Indies
(
as
is
the
custome
of
that
Countrey
)
I
comming
in
a
heat
to
visit
a
sicke
person
,
and
asking
water
to
refresh
me
,
they
perswaded
me
to
take
a
*
Draught
of
Chocolate
;
which
quencht
my
thirst
:
and
in
the
morning
(
if
I
From
whence
I
gather
that
it
is
better
to
use
Chocolate
,
after
it
hath
beene
made
some
time
,
a
Moneth
at
the
least
.
I
believe
this
time
to
be
necessary
,
for
breaking
the
contrary
qualities
of
the
severall
Ingredients
,
and
to
bring
the
Drinke
to
a
moderate
temper
.
For
,
as
it
alwayes
falls
out
at
the
first
,
that
every
contrary
will
have
it
predominancy
,
and
will
work
his
owne
,
Nature
not
liking
well
to
be
heated
and
cooled
,
at
the
same
time
.
And
this
is
the
cause
why
Gallen
in
his
twelfth
Booke
of
Method
,
doth
advise
not
to
use
Philonium
,
till
after
a
yeare
,
or
,
at
the
least
,
sixe
moneths
;
because
it
is
a
composition
made
of
Opium
(
which
is
cold
in
the
fourth
degree
)
and
of
Pepper
,
and
other
Ingredients
,
which
are
hot
in
the
third
degree
.
This
Theorum
,
and
Doctrine
,
is
made
good
by
the
practise
,
which
some
have
made
,
of
whom
I
have
asked
,
what
Chocolate
did
best
agree
with
them
:
and
they
have
affirmed
,
that
the
best
is
that
which
hath
beene
made
some
moneths
;
and
that
the
new
doth
hurt
by
loosening
the
Stomack
;
And
;
in
my
opinion
,
the
reason
of
it
is
,
that
the
unctuous
or
fat
parts
,
are
not
altogether
corrected
,
by
the
earthy
parts
of
the
Cacao
.
And
this
I
shall
thus
prove
;
for
,
as
I
shall
declare
hereafter
,
if
you
make
the
Chocolate
boyle
,
when
you
drinke
it
,
the
boyling
of
it
divides
the
fat
and
oyly
part
;
and
that
makes
a
relaxation
in
the
Stomacke
in
the
old
Chocolate
,
as
well
as
if
it
were
new
.
So
that
I
conclude
in
this
second
poynt
,
that
the
Chocolaticall
Consection
is
not
so
cold
as
the
Cacao
,
nor
so
hot
as
the
rest
of
the
Ingredients
;
but
there
results
from
the
action
and
re-action
of
these
Ingredients
,
a
moderate
temper
which
may
be
good
,
both
for
the
cold
and
hot
stomacks
,
being
taken
moderately
,
as
shall
be
declared
hereafter
;
and
it
having
beene
made
a
moneth
at
the
least
;
as
is
already
proved
.
And
so
I
know
not
,
why
any
man
having
made
experience
of
this
Confection
(
which
is
composed
,
as
it
ought
to
be
,
for
every
particular
)
should
speake
ill
of
it
.
Besides
,
where
it
is
so
much
used
,
the
most
,
if
not
all
,
as
well
in
the
Indies
,
as
in
Spaine
,
find
,
it
agreeth
wel
with
them
.
He
of
Marchena
had
no
ground
in
saying
,
that
it
did
cause
Opilations
.
For
,
if
it
were
so
,
the
Liver
being
obstructed
,
it
would
extenuate
its
subject
;
and
by
experience
;
we
see
to
the
contrary
,
that
it
makes
fat
;
the
reason
whereof
I
shall
shew
hereafter
.
And
this
shall
suffice
for
the
second
Poynt
.
The
fourth
Part.
THere
remaines
to
be
handled
in
the
last
Poynt
,
of
the
Quantity
,
which
is
to
be
drunke
:
at
what
Time
;
and
by
what
persons
:
because
if
it
be
drunk
beyond
measure
,
not
onely
of
Chocolate
,
but
of
all
other
drinkes
;
or
meates
,
though
of
themselves
they
are
good
and
wholsome
,
they
may
be
hurtfull
.
And
if
any
finde
it
Opilative
,
it
comes
by
the
too
much
use
of
it
;
as
when
one
drinkes
over
much
Wine
,
in
stead
of
comforting
,
and
warming
himselfe
,
he
breedes
,
and
nourisheth
cold
diseases
;
because
Nature
cannot
overcome
it
,
nor
turne
so
great
a
quantity
into
good
nourishment
.
So
he
that
drinks
much
Chocolate
,
which
hath
fat
parts
,
cannot
make
distribution
of
so
great
a
quantity
to
all
the
parts
;
and
that
part
which
remaines
in
the
slender
veines
of
the
Liver
,
must
needs
cause
Opilations
,
and
Obstructions
.
To
avoyd
this
inconvenience
;
you
must
onely
take
five
or
sixe
ounces
,
in
the
morning
,
if
it
be
in
winter
;
and
if
the
party
who
takes
it
,
be
Cholericke
,
in
stead
of
ordinary
water
,
let
him
take
the
distilled
water
of
Endive
.
The
same
reason
serves
in
Summer
,
for
those
,
who
take
it
physically
,
having
the
Liver
hot
and
obstructed
.
If
his
Liver
be
cold
and
obstructed
,
then
to
use
the
water
of
Rubarb
.
And
to
conclude
,
you
may
take
it
till
the
Moneth
of
May
;
especially
in
temperate
dayes
.
But
I
doe
not
approve
,
that
,
in
the
Dog-dayes
,
it
should
be
taken
in
Spaine
,
unlesse
it
bee
one
,
who
by
custome
of
taking
it
,
receives
no
prejudice
by
it
.
And
if
he
be
of
a
hot
Constitution
,
and
that
hee
have
neede
to
take
it
in
that
season
,
let
it
,
as
is
said
before
,
be
mingled
with
water
of
Endive
;
and
once
in
foure
dayes
,
and
chiefely
when
he
finds
his
stomacke
in
the
morning
to
be
weake
and
fainting
.
And
though
it
be
true
,
that
,
in
the
Indies
,
they
use
it
all
the
yeare
long
,
it
being
a
very
hot
Countrey
,
and
so
it
may
seeme
by
the
same
reason
it
may
be
taken
in
Spaine
:
First
,
I
say
,
that
Custome
may
allow
it
:
Secondly
,
that
,
as
there
is
an
extraordinary
proportion
of
heat
,
so
there
is
also
of
moisture
;
which
helpes
;
with
the
exorbitant
heate
,
to
open
the
pores
;
and
so
dissipates
,
and
impoverisheth
our
substance
,
or
naturall
vigor
:
by
reason
wherof
,
not
only
in
the
morning
;
but
at
any
time
of
the
day
,
they
use
it
without
prejudice
.
And
this
is
most
true
,
that
the
excessive
heate
of
the
Countrey
,
drawes
out
the
naturall
heat
,
and
disperseth
that
of
the
stomacke
,
and
of
the
inward
parts
:
Insomuch
,
that
though
the
weather
be
never
so
hot
,
yet
the
stomacke
being
cold
,
it
usually
doth
good
.
I
do
not
onely
say
this
of
the
Chocolate
,
which
;
as
I
have
proved
,
hath
a
moderate
heat
.
But
if
you
drink
pure
wine
,
be
the
weather
never
so
hot
,
it
hurts
not
,
but
rather
comforts
the
stomack
;
and
if
in
hot
weather
you
drinke
water
,
the
hurt
it
doth
is
apparent
,
in
that
it
cooles
the
stomacke
too
much
;
from
whence
comes
a
viciated
Concoction
,
and
a
thousand
other
inconveniences
.
You
must
also
observe
,
that
it
being
granted
,
as
I
have
said
,
that
there
are
earthy
parts
in
the
Cacao
,
which
fall
to
the
bottome
of
the
Cup
,
when
you
make
the
drinke
,
divers
are
of
the
opinion
,
that
,
that
which
remaines
,
is
the
best
and
more
substantiall
;
and
they
hurt
them selves
not
a
little
,
by
drinking
of
it
.
For
besides
,
that
it
is
an
earthy
substance
,
thick
,
and
stopping
,
it
is
of
a
melancholy
Nature
;
and
therefore
you
must
avoyd
the
drinking
of
it
,
contenting
your selfe
with
the
best
,
which
is
the
most
substantiall
.
Last
of
all
,
there
rests
one
difficulty
to
be
resolved
,
formerly
poynted
at
;
namely
,
what
is
the
cause
,
why
Chocolate
makes
most
of
them
that
drinke
it
,
fat
.
For
,
considering
that
all
of
the
Ingredients
,
except
the
Cacao
,
doe
rather
extenuate
,
than
make
fat
,
because
they
are
hot
and
drye
in
the
third
degree
.
For
we
have
already
said
,
that
the
qualities
which
doe
predominate
in
Cacao
,
are
cold
,
and
dry
;
which
are
very
unfit
to
adde
any
substance
to
the
body
.
Neverthelesse
,
I
say
,
that
the
many
unctuous
parts
,
which
I
have
proved
to
be
in
the
Cacao
,
are
those
,
which
pinguifie
,
and
make
fat
;
and
the
hotter
ingredients
of
this
Composition
,
serve
for
a
guide
,
or
vehicall
,
to
passe
to
the
Liver
,
and
the
other
parts
,
untill
they
come
to
the
fleshy
parts
;
and
there
finding
a
like
substance
,
which
is
hot
and
moyst
,
as
is
the
unctuous
part
,
converting
it selfe
into
the
same
substance
,
it
doth
augment
and
pinguifie
.
Much
more
might
bee
said
from
the
grounds
of
Philosophy
,
and
Physicke
;
but
because
that
is
fitter
for
the
Schooles
,
than
for
this
discourse
,
I
leave
it
,
&
only
give
this
Caution
,
that
in
my
Receipt
,
you
may
adde
Mellon-seeds
,
and
seeds
of
Pompions
of
Valencia
,
dryed
,
and
beaten
into
powder
,
where
there
is
any
heat
of
the
Liver
or
Kidnyes
.
And
if
there
be
any
obstructions
of
the
Liver
,
or
Spleene
,
with
any
cold
distemper
,
you
may
mixe
the
powder
of
Ceterach
;
to
which
you
may
adde
Amber
,
or
Muske
,
to
please
the
scent
.
And
it
will
be
no
small
matter
,
to
have
pleased
all
,
with
this
Discourse
.