THE
PROSPECTIVE
Glasse
of
WARRE
.
CHAP.
I.
After
what
manner
a
Commander
or
Generall
should
best
prouide
Victuals
and
Mouie
to
content
his
Souldiers
,
&
how
to
finde
out
the
purposes
,
Trapps
,
and
Stratagems
of
his
Enemy
.
VIctuals
is
the
Soule
of
an
Army
:
Money
,
but
the
Sinewes
:
without
the
first
your
Army
cannot
at
all
subsist
;
without
the
second
,
but
indifferently
:
but
with
both
,
admirable
well
.
That
your
Army
may
haue
both
Soule
and
Sinewes
,
thereby
to
subsist
long
and
well
,
prouide
for
it
good
store
of
victuals
and
money
:
Likewise
prye
into
the
wiles
and
stratagems
of
the
Enemy
in
time
,
that
it
may
go
well
with
your
Army
.
Which
that
you
may
well
do
,
these
precepts
following
will
direct
you
aright
.
But
first
of
Victuals
.
Victuals
consist
first
in
conuenient
prouision
of
them
,
then
in
safe
keeping
and
preseruing
of
them
,
then
in
good
distributing
,
or
spending
,
or
bestowing
of
them
alwayes
.
Precepts
for
prouision
of
victuals
.
All
which
you
must
carefully
execute
if
you
would
not
willingly
taste
of
want
.
1.
Prouide
for
victuals
before
you
vndertake
the
warre
,
for
then
is
the
time
of
best
prouision
.
2.
In
your
warre
begun
,
store
your selfe
with
victuals
,
either
neere
hand
or
farre
off
.
And
conduct
it
with
good
and
strong
conuoyes
,
lest
the
Enemy
surprise
it
.
3.
In
your
Townes
of
warre
,
either
without
or
within
,
haue
great
store
of
Milles
to
grinde
corne
to
sustaine
you
the
better
in
a
seidge
:
And
bee
sure
to
looke
well
vnto
them
,
&
sufficiently
to
defend
them
,
especially
those
that
are
without
the
Towne
.
4.
If
you
beseidge
Townes
or
Cities
,
you
ought
to
hurle
downe
all
Milles
within
and
without
,
and
to
cut
of
the
water
from
them
,
if
you
cannot
keepe
them
for
your
owne
vse
.
5.
Prouide
that
such
neighbours
as
dwell
neere
vnto
you
,
may
safely
bring
victuals
into
your
Campe
without
danger
of
the
Enemy
.
6.
In
case
of
necessity
send
your
Souldiers
into
their
Prouince
to
abide
&
be
relieued
with
victuals
for
a
time
.
Example
,
Galli
being
in
some
distresse
of
victuals
,
choose
the
Citie
Attella
,
a
Citie
full
of
victuals
,
to
stay
there
vntill
by
their
friends
they
might
bee
relieued
,
both
with
victuals
and
Souldiers
.
In
which
Citie
their
Souldiers
for
a
while
were
largely
relieued
and
freely
,
with
or
at
the
charges
of
the
Cittizens
.
7.
Seeke
by
all
meanes
to
intercept
your
Enemies
victuals
;
and
lay
seidge
to
those
places
from
whence
their
chiefe
reliefe
of
victuals
doth
come
.
Example
,
The
Captaines
of
Charles
the
sift
,
in
the
warres
against
the
Germans
,
lacked
victuals
somewhat
,
where
on
the
other
side
,
the
Germans
lying
in
a
plaine
fertill
Country
,
had
plenty
of
victuals
,
vpon
the
occasion
of
the
aoundance
of
the
Country
,
being
large
;
and
partly
because
certaine
friendly
Cities
and
Countries
lay
behinde
them
on
the
otherside
of
the
Riuer
.
For
the
same
purpose
Charles
the
Emperour
went
about
for
to
gaine
the
Cities
standing
about
the
Riuer
from
them
,
and
so
the
aduantage
of
the
same
Riuer
with
victuals
:
which
was
a
braue
act
.
Like
this
was
that
of
Francis
Sforsa
,
who
vnderstanding
that
the
Frenchmen
,
or
Army
at
Nouaro
,
had
great
comfort
of
victuals
from
Biagrassa
,
he
beseidged
that
Towne
suddenly
,
&
tooke
it
:
by
which
occasion
hee
tooke
from
them
their
chiefe
victuals
:
And
shortly
after
the
French
Army
was
faine
to
remoue
.
8.
If
you
are
for
to
iourney
towards
the
warres
,
iourney
in
a
plentifull
Country
,
and
which
hath
in
long
time
beene
in
peace
.
Thus
did
the
French
King
Charles
the
eight
when
he
came
to
the
Citie
of
Ast.
9.
Also
you
are
to
iourney
in
your
Confederates
Country
,
and
who
vpon
very
great
occasion
is
to
desire
your
society
,
for
such
will
ayde
you
liberally
.
This
was
likewise
practised
by
Charles
the
eight
when
he
inuaded
Naples
:
For
other
wayes
of
getting
of
victuals
,
and
preseruing
them
so
got
,
peruse
these
presedents
.
10.
Some
Kings
,
Captaines
,
and
Generals
,
which
haue
either
taken
,
or
saued
some
Citie
which
was
likely
to
be
lost
,
haue
caused
their
Souldiers
to
be
releiued
of
victuals
in
the
same
;
in
the
houses
of
them
which
were
their
Enemies
.
11.
Some
haue
vsed
for
to
send
certaine
Captaines
of
Souldiers
into
other
Cities
,
for
to
ease
the
present
spending
in
the
place
where
they
were
.
12.
Some
haue
vsed
to
send
all
the
poore
and
impotent
people
out
of
their
Citie
so
beseidged
,
that
their
victuals
might
last
the
longer
.
13.
Some
would
suffer
none
either
to
returne
or
to
haue
reliefe
of
victuals
:
Which
vnreasonable
hard
vsage
needed
not
,
if
Gouernors
would
before
hand
,
and
before
need
,
prepare
both
for
abundance
of
victuals
,
or
else
withall
take
order
for
the
moderate
spending
of
their
victuals
:
For
negligence
of
prouision
of
victuals
in
time
,
and
mispending
,
or
else
lacke
of
good
keeping
or
ordering
them
which
you
haue
,
should
be
well
seene
vnto
.
I
pretermit
this
.
And
I
fall
vpon
the
prouision
of
money
for
the
payment
of
your
Souldiers
wages
.
Precepts
for
the
payment
of
Souldiers
wages
.
Hauing
money
sufficient
,
it
is
best
to
pay
your
Souldiers
beforehand
,
or
monthly
.
1.
If
you
be
bare
of
money
,
pay
some
wages
,
and
procure
that
the
Souldiers
may
haue
victuals
good
cheape
all
the
while
you
lacke
money
,
or
imploy
them
where
continuall
spoyle
may
be
had
.
2.
If
you
haue
little
money
,
pay
a
part
of
that
openly
in
the
hands
of
such
souldiers
as
are
most
likely
to
make
a
Mutiny
.
3.
Some
Generals
when
as
their
souldiers
haue
beene
ready
to
reuoult
or
mutiny
for
lacke
of
pay
,
haue
straight
way
brought
them
to
the
battell
,
for
this
purpose
;
if
victory
happened
on
their
side
,
they
would
pay
their
souldiers
of
the
spoyle
of
their
Enemies
,
or
else
if
their
Army
were
ouerthrowne
,
then
they
should
be
cleerely
and
well
discharged
of
the
grieuous
and
dangerous
complaint
.
4.
Some
haue
caused
the
Cittizens
of
Cities
to
receiue
souldiers
into
their
houses
for
to
giue
vnto
them
meate
,
drinke
,
and
lodging
,
and
to
giue
wages
vnto
the
same
souldiers
.
Thus
did
Anthony
de
Leua
at
Millan
.
This
was
he
that
forbad
all
his
Cittizens
for
to
eate
any
bread
but
onely
such
as
should
bee
bought
of
him
:
For
which
purpose
he
appointed
in
euery
streete
certaine
houses
where
bread
should
be
sold
,
at
what
price
he
lusted
,
and
none
durst
do
the
contrary
.
By
which
kinde
of
means
he
got
into
his
hands
all
such
kinde
of
money
as
any
Citizen
of
Millan
had
in
his
Chests
,
or
else
could
make
or
reserue
by
any
meanes
or
wayes
;
with
which
he
payd
his
souldiers
.
This
was
his
way
,
but
some
haue
found
other
wayes
besides
these
.
Wayes
to
get
money
to
pay
Souldiers
.
5.
Some
Generals
haue
gaged
all
their
plate
and
Iewels
vnto
rich
monyed
men
,
to
pay
their
souldiers
.
Charles
the
8.
of
France
.
6.
Some
Kings
haue
borrowed
all
the
Iewels
and
ornaments
of
certaine
great
Ladies
or
Estates
,
which
were
their
friends
and
kinsmen
,
and
haue
pawned
the
same
to
Vsurers
for
to
pay
their
souldiers
.
7.
Borrow
largely
of
your
Confederates
money
,
who
seeketh
your
society
in
his
warres
:
for
his
speciall
purpose
:
The
French
King
Charles
the
8.
could
do
this
passing
well
.
8.
Seeke
of
such
a
Confederate
any
other
ayde
or
furniture
for
your
warres
,
which
furniture
can
stay
your
laying
out
of
much
expence
.
9.
Seeme
(
to
such
a
Confederate
)
to
deferre
your
warres
that
you
may
the
better
wring
forth
of
him
greater
summes
.
It
may
bee
he
may
proue
like
Lodowicke
Sforza
Duke
of
Millan
.
This
Duke
,
seeing
Charles
the
eight
make
no
haste
to
inuade
Naples
according
vnto
promise
,
because
Lodowicke
was
to
worke
a
feate
by
Charles
his
comming
,
which
otherwise
hee
was
very
hardly
to
do
;
he
sent
his
sonne
in
Law
with
a
braue
Captaine
into
France
vnto
the
King
,
offering
him
money
,
shippes
,
horsemen
,
and
many
other
things
of
great
importance
,
which
the
King
accepted
,
and
for
that
cause
before
did
stay
the
warre
.
Thus
much
of
this
,
which
shall
suffice
for
the
wayes
of
getting
of
money
to
pay
souldiers
,
and
likewise
for
victualling
your
Army
.
I
will
now
shew
the
wayes
by
which
you
may
finde
out
your
Enemies
purposes
,
Trapps
,
and
Stratagems
.
To
doe
which
,
well
obserue
these
precepts
.
Waies
to
finde
out
the
Enemies
purposes
Traps
,
and
Stratagems
.
1.
First
,
you
are
to
suspect
vehemently
,
or
else
to
feare
,
how
your
Enemy
hath
an
invention
by
some
subtiltie
or
politique
stratagem
,
or
inuention
,
or
else
some
crafty
deceite
or
wile
to
entrap
,
beguile
,
or
ouerthrow
your
Army
.
2.
Next
for
such
intents
or
purposes
,
you
should
entertaine
very
good
and
sundry
espialls
,
who
by
all
meanes
are
to
be
very
attentiue
,
inquisitiue
,
curious
,
liberall
,
suspitious
,
and
bold
.
3.
Which
especially
should
remaine
or
abide
neer
the
Court
of
your
Enemy
,
or
else
neere
vnto
the
Army
of
your
Enemies
,
or
in
some
friends
Country
of
your
Enemies
,
or
neere
some
neighbour
of
your
Enemies
,
or
in
the
way
of
your
Enemies
,
or
else
a
Common
Trauellor
,
or
else
a
Studient
in
the
Land
of
the
Enemies
,
or
a
subiect
of
reputation
in
the
Land
of
your
Enemies
,
or
else
a
Merchant
or
common
seller
of
wares
,
or
a
Barber
,
or
a
Victualler
in
your
Enemies
Country
.
5
Which
kinde
of
espialls
,
you
are
neuer
to
trust
throughly
,
but
euer
to
bee
iealous
of
them
,
and
to
weigh
and
conferre
their
reports
with
the
reports
of
other
espialls
,
and
with
likely-hoods
,
oppertunities
,
and
reasons
.
Haue
espialls
continually
,
if
it
be
possible
,
in
your
Enemies
Army
.
The
Langraue
,
with
other
Captaines
of
the
Germans
,
(
against
the
Emperour
Charles
the
first
by
name
)
had
in
Charles
his
Army
●00
.
good
Espials
,
whereby
he
almost
euery
houre
had
certaine
knowledge
what
was
done
or
said
in
Charles
his
Campe
or
Tents
.
Charles
the
first
Emperour
lacked
good
Espials
,
for
which
cause
he
left
many
things
vndone
,
which
had
beene
for
his
singular
profit
,
if
hee
had
knowne
of
such
occasions
.
Therefore
prouide
you
good
Espialls
;
which
Espials
are
so
necessary
in
the
wars
as
any
thing
else
:
for
by
them
you
shall
vnderstand
how
your
Enemie
will
fight
,
what
hee
will
doe
against
your
Army
,
Marching
,
Fighting
,
or
Flying
.
Which
motions
,
(
or
rather
principall
heads
of
the
Art
of
warre
)
shall
be
handled
in
the
foure
next
Chapters
following
.
CHAP.
II.
How
a
Commander
or
Generall
should
order
his
March
,
both
by
day
and
night
for
the
saftie
of
his
Army
:
How
passe
Woodes
,
Hills
,
and
Riuers
,
beset
or
not
beset
with
Enemies
.
With
many
other
necessary
circumstances
appertaining
to
Marches
.
I
Am
now
to
enter
by
degrees
vpon
these
foure
principall
heads
of
the
Art
of
warre
:
namely
,
Marching
,
Embattelling
,
Fighting
,
and
Flying
from
an
Enemie
.
All
which
I
will
deliuer
with
as
good
method
,
plainnesse
,
and
breuitie
as
I
can
.
I
am
to
begin
with
Marching
:
wherein
I
pray
obserue
my
method
and
order
;
which
shall
be
,
fiirst
by
precept
to
prescribe
it
:
Then
by
Example
to
approue
it
;
Example
being
the
life
of
precept
.
I
begin
.
Precepts
for
Marching
.
1.
In
Marching
you
must
bee
very
mistrustfull
of
your
Enemie
,
lest
he
entrap
you
with
Ambushes
.
2.
You
must
therefore
appoint
some
to
march
before
to
discouer
suspected
places
;
as
Woodes
,
Mountaines
,
Forests
,
Rockes
,
Banckes
of
Riuers
,
Caues
,
Hills
,
hollow
and
deepe
wayes
.
The
most
of
which
are
rough
and
intricate
,
and
scarce
passable
for
the
heauy
Armed
and
horse
.
3.
The
fittest
for
this
seruice
are
your
Musketteers
;
I
,
and
your
Dragons
to
ioyne
with
them
,
for
they
may
alight
from
their
Horses
and
serue
on
foot
.
4.
You
must
march
sometimes
in
one
forme
,
sometimes
in
another
,
according
to
the
place
and
occasion
offered
.
Example
.
Alexander
at
the
Riuer
Granicus
marched
with
his
horse
foremost
to
passe
the
Riuer
,
and
to
assaile
the
Persians
,
who
had
opposed
their
Horse
against
him
on
the
bankes
.
5.
Marching
through
the
streights
to
fight
the
battaile
of
Issos
,
he
marched
with
his
Horse
behinde
his
Foot
,
because
he
was
vncertaine
how
neere
the
Enemy
lay
,
and
was
loath
to
put
them
to
hazzard
before
they
had
libertie
of
ground
to
order
themselues
,
and
might
haue
assistance
of
the
Foot
.
At
the
Riuer
of
Ister
hee
did
the
like
;
for
hauing
past
the
Riuer
,
hee
marched
through
a
Corne
field
,
and
therefore
so
marshalled
them
for
feare
of
an
Ambush
.
Otherwise
it
was
his
custome
in
marching
(
as
it
is
the
manner
also
at
this
day
)
to
dispose
his
Horse
halfe
behinde
,
and
halfe
before
:
the
Carriage
in
the
midst
,
or
Otherwise
.
But
how
to
March
properly
both
by
day
and
by
night
,
with
your
Carriage
truely
placed
,
and
euery
thing
rightly
ordered
,
is
a
point
worthy
to
be
taken
notice
of
:
Briefely
thus
.
Being
to
March
in
the
day
,
obserue
the
manner
of
March
now
in
vse
.
7.
Let
some
Dragons
and
Musketteers
march
before
to
represse
the
Enemies
incursions
,
and
to
search
Woods
and
Forrests
for
Ambushes
,
and
to
surprise
straight
Wayes
,
Bridges
and
Foords
.
Send
after
them
your
Pyoneers
to
mend
the
wayes
,
to
cut
the
woods
that
are
in
the
way
,
least
by
bad
way
the
Army
be
tyred
.
8.
Let
the
Foot
of
the
Vantguard
(
or
right
wing
)
follow
,
enery
battalion
there
of
in
order
,
hauing
halfe
the
horse
of
the
Army
before
them
,
and
all
their
baggage
and
Carriage
behinde
them
.
9.
After
let
the
battalions
of
the
battell
follow
with
all
their
baggage
and
carriage
in
the
Reare
,
as
the
former
.
Let
the
battalions
of
the
Reareward
(
or
left
wing
)
follow
,
with
all
their
baggage
or
carriage
behinde
them
.
Let
euery
one
of
the
battalions
haue
their
shoot
before
and
behinde
.
And
let
the
remainder
of
your
Horse
bring
vp
the
Reare
.
As
for
your
Ordnance
,
distribute
that
(
as
your
Carriage
)
both
behinde
the
Vantgard
,
the
battell
,
and
the
Rereward
;
the
better
to
serue
against
all
attempts
.
10.
At
night
,
quarter
the
Battalions
of
the
Vantgard
all
in
one
place
;
those
of
the
Battell
all
in
another
;
and
those
of
the
Reareward
all
by
themselues
,
but
not
too
farre
a
sunder
for
feare
of
danger
.
11.
In
the
morning
being
to
dislodge
:
First
shoot
off
one
peece
of
Ordnance
,
a
little
after
that
another
,
and
so
a
third
in
his
time
.
Shooting
the
first
,
the
Army
takes
notice
you
will
dislodge
;
therefore
they
trusse
vp
their
baggage
and
load
it
.
Shooting
the
second
,
they
take
vp
their
Armes
and
fall
into
ranke
:
shooting
the
third
,
they
set
forward
to
march
.
Thus
Graue
Maurice
did
dislodge
his
Souldiers
.
Vespatian
did
it
by
the
sound
of
a
Trumpet
(
as
Iosephus
doth
report
)
in
the
third
Booke
of
his
Antiquities
,
Chap.
3.
12.
Being
to
march
in
the
night
obserue
the
Graecian
order
.
Send
your
baggage
and
carriage
before
with
a
sufficient
guard
.
Then
follow
,
first
with
your
Pikemen
,
then
with
your
light
Armed
(
being
Musketteers
;
)
next
with
all
your
Horse
in
the
reare
;
the
better
▪
by
breake
of
day
to
come
all
together
into
one
place
,
as
ought
to
be
.
This
way
your
Army
in
the
night
is
easily
kept
together
,
and
is
soonest
espied
if
it
breake
.
13.
Being
to
inuade
an
Enemies
Countrie
,
march
with
your
Carriage
in
the
Reare
.
When
you
doe
dismarch
from
an
Enemies
Countrie
,
let
your
Carriage
be
in
the
Front
,
vnlesse
great
store
of
Enemies
be
suspected
to
intercept
it
;
then
you
must
place
it
in
the
midst
.
14.
Now
in
fight
you
may
dispose
of
it
fiue
manner
of
wayes
;
either
before
the
Army
,
or
behinde
,
or
on
the
one
flanke
,
or
on
the
other
,
or
in
the
midst
.
Before
the
Army
,
when
you
feare
to
be
charged
behinde
:
behinde
the
Army
,
when
you
lead
towards
the
Enemy
:
when
you
feare
to
be
charged
in
Flanke
,
on
the
contrary
side
:
in
the
midst
,
when
a
hollow
battell
is
needfull
and
fit
.
This
last
was
practised
by
Sr
Horatio
Vere
in
the
Pallatinate
,
and
by
the
Graecians
(
as
Zenophon
doth
record
in
his
third
booke
of
the
Ascent
of
Cyrus
.
15.
Being
to
march
through
a
wood
obserue
Zenophons
counsell
.
Let
your
Foot
and
Horse
in
order
single
themselues
as
the
way
fals
out
,
and
you
shall
make
your
passage
the
more
secure
and
easie
:
Zenophon
did
thus
,
as
you
may
read
in
his
sixt
book
of
the
Ascent
of
Cyrus
.
16.
It
were
not
amisse
to
haue
some
Musketteers
to
march
on
the
sides
of
the
Wood
,
to
secure
the
rest
within
.
How
to
troule
an
enemy
out
of
a
wood
.
17.
If
your
Enemy
be
in
a
Wood
,
Fenne
,
Hill
,
Fort
,
Towne
,
or
other
place
of
strength
,
that
admitteth
no
accesse
,
send
your
Musketteers
to
shew
themselues
,
and
with
a
brauado
to
toule
him
out
of
his
aduantage
,
and
bring
him
into
the
field
,
where
he
may
the
more
easily
be
dealt
withall
:
with
these
Musketteers
send
some
Horse
to
set
vpon
him
,
if
he
dare
to
venture
forth
.
Example
.
Alexander
leading
his
Army
against
the
Tribals
that
had
hid
themselues
in
a
wood
,
commanded
his
Archers
and
slingers
to
run
out
and
shoot
,
and
sling
among
the
Barbarians
,
to
see
if
he
could
toule
them
into
the
plaine
.
The
Archers
and
slingers
spared
not
to
let
flye
,
and
the
Tribals
being
wounded
with
arrows
,
threw
themselues
out
of
the
wood
with
all
speed
,
to
fall
vpon
the
vnarmed
Archers
.
Then
Alexander
with
his
Horse
presently
charged
them
,
and
being
ouerborne
by
the
Horse
they
fled
through
the
Wood
to
the
Riuer
.
18.
Alexander
whensoeuer
he
was
to
vse
expedition
,
marched
away
with
the
Horse
and
light
armed
,
leauing
the
Armed
to
come
after
.
The
Armed
are
for
a
firme
and
stedfast
fight
,
not
for
Concursions
.
19.
Being
then
forsome
farre
,
yet
sodaine
attempt
,
leaue
your
Pikemen
behinde
,
and
march
away
with
your
Horse
and
Musketeers
:
for
when
celeritie
is
requisite
,
who
so
fit
to
be
imployed
,
as
they
who
haue
nothing
to
hinder
their
speed
.
20.
Being
to
march
against
an
Enemy
in
his
owne
Countrie
,
giue
the
word
to
come
to
such
a
Prouince
,
but
Inuade
another
:
by
this
you
shall
deceiue
your
Enemy
.
Plutarch
in
the
life
of
Agesilaus
.
Example
.
Agesilaus
to
deceiue
Tisaphernes
,
made
countenance
as
though
he
would
first
inuade
Caria
;
whereupon
Tisaphernes
gathered
all
his
power
together
;
but
Agesilaus
on
a
sodaine
returned
backe
againe
,
and
entred
into
Phrygia
,
tooke
there
many
Cities
,
and
won
great
spoile
.
21.
Many
Generals
besides
Agesilaus
haue
done
the
like
,
then
be
not
you
carelesse
of
it
;
for
by
such
a
plot
the
Enemy
some
other
time
may
perchance
be
drawne
to
deceiue
himselfe
.
Example
.
Agesilaus
vpon
another
time
gaue
out
that
he
would
enter
Lydia
,
not
meaning
to
deceiue
Tisaphernes
againe
,
but
Tisaphernes
deceiued
himself
,
and
thought
he
would
haue
inuaded
Caria
,
a
woodie
Countrey
very
ill
for
horsemen
,
in
which
he
was
the
weaker
:
but
Agesilaus
tooke
the
champion
Countrey
of
Lydia
contrary
to
his
expectation
,
so
that
Tisaphernes
was
inforced
to
come
with
all
the
speed
that
might
be
to
the
rescue
thereof
:
therefore
leauing
all
his
Foot
behinde
him
,
he
came
stealing
vpon
them
with
his
Horse
:
Agesilaus
vnderstanding
by
his
men
that
Tisaphernes
was
come
(
and
had
made
some
slaughter
of
such
as
were
found
stragling
abroad
out
of
order
)
imagined
with
himselfe
that
the
footmen
of
his
Enemies
could
not
yet
be
arriued
,
therefore
with
all
speed
he
thrust
in
among
the
horsemen
(
which
he
had
)
his
light
armed
footmen
,
and
commanded
them
straight
to
charge
the
Enemy
,
whilst
he
caused
the
heauy
armed
men
to
follow
at
their
heeles
,
as
they
did
:
but
Tisaphernes
men
fled
vpon
it
immediately
,
and
Agesilaus
men
lustily
followed
the
chase
,
tooke
his
Campe
,
and
made
a
great
slaughter
of
them
that
fled
.
22.
Being
in
an
Enemies
Countrie
,
march
in
battell
array
,
and
let
your
Pyoners
worke
the
harder
,
for
a
long
march
here
is
dangerous
.
Send
Horse
and
Musketeers
a
good
way
before
,
to
search
the
hils
,
and
to
surprise
them
from
the
Enemy
.
23.
In
marching
betweene
Mountaines
and
Hils
,
see
that
your
Vantgard
succour
your
Rereward
,
your
Rereward
the
Vantgard
,
if
your
Enemies
goe
about
to
intercept
or
molest
you
marching
.
Zenophon
and
Cherisophus
did
thus
against
the
Carduchans
:
Obserue
the
manner
.
The
Carduchans
by
fighting
took
the
streights
which
lay
in
their
way
,
and
indeauoured
to
hinder
and
shut
vp
their
march
:
but
when
they
opposed
against
the
Vant
,
Zenophon
from
the
Reate
ascending
the
Mountaines
,
and
gaining
the
vpper
ground
,
remoued
all
the
impediments
the
Enemy
could
cast
vpon
the
way
:
when
against
the
Reare
,
Cherisophus
ascending
vp
tooke
the
vpper
ground
likewise
,
and
freed
the
way
from
them
that
came
behinde
.
So
they
alwayes
succoured
,
and
had
mutuall
care
one
of
another
.
How
to
passe
Riuers
.
24.
Lighting
in
your
March
vpon
deepe
and
impassible
Riuers
,
and
hauing
no
Boats
(
to
make
Bridges
)
to
waffe
you
ouer
;
marching
further
to
the
heads
of
the
Riuers
,
you
may
goe
ouer
without
wetting
your
knees
:
Zenophon
in
the
third
Booke
of
the
Ascent
of
Cyrus
.
25.
Being
come
to
some
passable
Riuer
,
where
the
currant
runnes
exceeding
strong
;
cause
your
Horse
to
breake
the
waters
,
and
then
let
your
Foot
march
ouer
,
but
sheltered
on
each
side
with
the
Horse
.
26.
If
the
currant
be
ouer
bigge
,
so
that
you
cannot
waide
ouer
;
cut
the
same
Riuer
in
diuers
places
,
and
turne
it
into
the
landward
with
other
currants
,
and
you
may
passe
ouer
with
ease
.
27.
Being
to
passe
a
great
Riuer
where
the
Enemy
on
the
bankes
stands
to
intercept
your
passage
;
to
withdraw
him
from
thence
(
and
to
deceiue
him
)
seeme
to
leaue
the
attempt
,
and
march
away
;
then
hauing
left
some
behinde
you
to
make
a
Bridge
(
vnknowne
to
the
Enemy
)
returne
when
you
see
your
time
,
and
passe
your
men
ouer
with
ease
.
Example
.
Caesar
hauing
his
Army
on
a
banke
of
a
Riuer
in
France
and
his
passage
being
let
of
Vergintorige
a
Frenchman
,
the
which
on
the
other
side
of
the
Riuer
,
had
his
men
,
marched
many
daies
along
the
Riuer
,
and
the
like
did
the
Enemy
:
wherefore
Caesar
encamping
in
a
woodie
place
,
apt
to
hide
men
,
he
tooke
out
of
euery
Legion
3.
Cohorts
,
and
made
them
to
tarry
in
the
same
place
,
commanding
them
that
so
soone
as
hee
was
departed
,
they
should
cast
ouer
a
bridge
,
and
fortifie
it
,
&
hee
and
his
other
men
followed
on
the
way
:
Wherefore
Vergintorige
seeing
the
number
of
the
Legions
,
thinking
that
there
was
not
left
any
part
of
them
behinde
,
followed
also
his
way
.
But
Caesar
when
hee
supposed
the
bridge
was
made
,
turned
backward
,
&
finding
all
things
in
order
,
passed
the
Riuer
without
difficultie
.
☞
In
marching
,
to
auoyd
contention
about
place
;
let
euery
Nation
haue
his
honour
of
place
:
That
which
had
the
Vantgard
this
day
,
must
haue
the
Reareward
the
next
day
;
and
so
of
all
the
rest
by
turnes
.
Thus
much
for
Marching
.
CHAP.
III.
How
a
Commander
or
Generall
,
should
order
his
Battells
,
and
how
behaue
himselfe
in
the
time
of
Fight
,
and
after
the
Battell
lost
.
THe
substance
of
the
Art
Military
doth
subsist
in
this
:
How
to
order
your
Battell
,
and
how
to
behaue
your selfe
in
the
time
of
Fight
,
and
after
the
Battell
lost
:
To
do
which
,
obserue
these
particular
precepts
,
and
you
will
be
enabled
to
doe
accordingly
.
I
begin
with
the
ordering
of
your
battels
.
Precepts
for
the
ordering
of
your
Battels
.
1.
You
are
to
chuse
your
place
both
for
Rainging
of
your
battels
before
fight
,
and
in
the
fight
of
the
battell
,
that
the
same
place
be
able
to
containe
your
whole
Army
without
disturbance
.
2.
Next
in
ordering
your
battels
▪
you
must
consider
what
dangers
are
likely
,
or
else
may
happen
by
causualtie
or
fortune
,
and
to
prouide
for
remedies
by
your
order
beforehand
.
3.
Likewise
you
are
to
consider
,
that
you
ought
not
to
order
your
battels
in
all
cases
and
respects
alike
,
but
very
diuersly
as
your
case
shall
require
.
For
you
are
to
order
your
battels
according
,
partly
vnto
the
nature
of
the
ground
,
partly
vnto
the
quantity
,
quality
,
or
regard
of
your
Enemies
Army
,
and
partly
vnto
such
respect
as
is
fittest
against
such
orders
or
battels
of
your
Enemies
best
knowne
to
your selfe
for
your
best
aduantage
.
4.
You
are
to
order
your
Army
into
conuenient
parts
,
and
to
appoint
euery
one
his
place
,
number
,
and
action
.
5.
You
are
to
order
your
battels
,
that
no
part
of
your
Army
be
any
disturbance
to
any
part
of
your
battels
.
6.
Your
are
to
chuse
your
place
,
and
to
order
your
Army
so
,
that
your
Enemies
cannot
compasse
you
either
with
their
horsemen
,
or
with
their
shoot
,
great
or
small
,
or
otherwise
to
your
hurt
.
7.
You
are
with
discretion
to
learne
and
know
the
equality
and
inequality
of
the
number
of
your
Enemies
Army
with
your
owne
Army
.
For
you
can
neuer
most
aptly
order
your
Army
in
iust
battels
,
for
to
be
ordered
according
to
discipline
of
warre
,
before
you
know
and
consider
throughly
,
the
nature
,
force
,
and
weakenesse
of
either
of
your
Armies
.
8.
Also
you
are
to
consider
,
how
you
may
take
any
aduantage
vpon
any
orders
,
prouisions
,
oractions
;
of
your
Enemies
present
order
,
weakenesse
,
or
strength
.
9.
Consider
also
what
kindes
of
aduantages
the
times
of
the
yeare
or
the
day
affordeth
,
which
can
bee
had
by
your
Enemies
or
your selfe
,
or
else
of
the
Ayre
,
or
else
of
Tempests
past
or
present
.
10.
Further
consider
which
things
first
are
possible
or
may
be
;
then
which
are
likely
;
next
which
are
apparant
before
your
eyes
easie
to
bee
knowne
or
to
bee
prouided
for
.
11.
Which
well
knowne
and
considered
,
you
are
then
to
order
your
battels
,
to
take
your
ground
,
for
to
plant
your
ordnance
,
to
auoyd
your
dangers
,
to
take
your
aduantages
,
for
to
worke
your
stratagems
also
for
your
most
comfort
,
and
so
to
fight
accordingly
.
But
how
to
order
your
battels
,
and
so
to
fight
accordingly
,
is
to
bee
discussed
of
more
largely
;
for
therein
is
the
chiefe
substance
of
the
Art
Military
,
in
which
some
Generals
haue
beene
more
expert
then
others
.
Excellent
Generals
(
of
old
)
commonly
did
vse
to
ordaine
of
footmen
apt
for
to
fight
,
three
great
battels
;
a
Vantgard
,
a
Battell
,
and
a
Rearward
;
and
two
wings
of
their
horsemen
:
And
when
they
came
to
fight
,
they
did
set
them
for
the
most
part
in
an
euen
front
:
The
Battell
in
the
midst
;
on
the
right
hand
the
Vantgard
,
which
was
called
the
right
winge
;
on
the
left
the
Reareward
,
which
was
called
the
left
winge
.
Their
order
we
doe
in
a
manner
follow
:
For
wee
haue
Vantgard
,
Battell
,
and
Reareward
,
which
wee
place
in
Front
as
they
did
;
onely
we
differ
in
the
kinde
of
Embattailing
.
By
kinde
of
Embattailing
,
I
meane
not
bils
,
&
bowes
;
but
grosse
Bodies
:
For
they
parted
their
Army
into
three
parts
,
and
Embattailed
them
into
three
grosse
Bodies
.
Wee
diuide
our
Army
into
three
parts
,
but
not
into
such
grosse
Bodies
;
as
for
example
,
Say
wee
haue
12000.
Foot
,
and
4000.
Horse
;
if
we
bring
them
into
one
front
without
seconds
,
we
do
thus
.
In
our
Vantgard
,
or
right
winge
,
we
put
3000.
men
,
diuiding
them
into
three
battalions
,
sometimes
into
more
,
as
we
see
occasion
.
In
our
Battell
wee
put
6000.
men
diuiding
them
into
three
battalions
,
euery
one
containing
2000.
a
piece
,
for
the
battalions
in
the
Battell
,
must
exceede
those
in
the
wings
.
In
our
Reareward
or
left
winge
,
we
put
3000.
men
,
diuiding
them
into
as
many
battalions
,
with
as
many
men
in
either
of
them
,
as
was
to
bee
in
the
Vantgard
aboue
mentioned
.
Our
horse
we
place
halfe
in
the
righwinge
,
and
halfe
in
the
left
winge
,
the
ordinary
place
for
horse
.
For
proofe
of
this
,
looke
into
the
ordinary
practise
of
the
Netherlands
,
and
you
shall
see
them
sometimes
to
put
two
Regiments
into
one
battalion
,
sometimes
but
one
,
and
sometimes
they
will
make
two
battalions
of
one
Regiment
.
Wee
as
they
are
not
tyed
to
any
certaine
number
,
but
may
vary
as
we
see
occasions
.
Occasions
are
produced
by
the
Enemy
,
by
the
ground
,
by
our selues
to
our
best
aduantage
,
and
therefore
we
do
accordingly
.
If
our
number
bee
more
,
wee
haue
the
more
battalions
;
if
lesse
,
the
fewer
,
vnlesse
some
pollicie
be
vsed
.
Some
Generals
haue
Martialed
their
Army
onely
into
one
Battell
,
some
into
two
,
some
into
three
,
some
into
foure
,
some
into
fiue
,
some
into
six
,
and
some
into
nine
.
The
Venetians
at
the
battell
of
Taro
,
did
martiall
their
Army
into
nine
battalions
;
whereof
three
was
to
fight
with
the
Enemy
,
other
three
to
bee
aide
to
the
other
three
fighting
,
and
the
other
three
was
appointed
for
sundry
other
purposes
and
effects
.
King
Ferdenand
,
besides
his
ordinary
battalions
,
had
another
standing
aloofe
behinde
his
other
battailes
,
for
to
take
aduantage
,
or
else
to
helpe
in
necessitie
as
occasion
serued
;
which
were
light
horsemen
.
The
Earle
of
Surry
,
at
the
battell
of
Sloddon
,
had
likewise
besides
his
ordinary
Battels
,
one
battell
of
light
horsemen
,
with
which
hee
discomfitted
Iames
(
the
fourth
)
King
of
Scots
.
Iames
King
of
Scots
,
at
the
same
battell
of
Sloddon
,
did
martiall
his
Army
into
six
battailes
,
without
horse
reliefe
,
or
seconds
,
which
lost
him
the
field
.
For
the
English
with
their
horse
(
when
the
King
had
the
better
)
would
presently
giue
vpon
his
Flanks
,
so
snatcht
the
victory
out
of
his
hands
,
hauing
neither
Horse
nor
seconds
to
recouer
it
.
The
Argonians
,
haue
diuided
their
Army
into
fiue
Battels
;
which
battels
in
forme
of
straight
or
direct
hornes
,
were
extended
from
the
great
battell
or
midle-ward
.
But
these
were
partly
Horse
and
Foote
.
The
Heluetians
,
haue
martialed
their
Army
into
three
battels
,
without
Horse
or
seconds
;
sometimes
into
one
battell
onely
of
footmen
,
which
was
their
vsuall
forme
by
custome
.
But
not
to
be
imitated
.
The
Spaniard
,
haue
martialed
their
Army
into
two
battels
;
one
of
footmen
in
one
winge
,
and
another
of
horsemen
in
another
winge
,
all
in
an
euen
Front
.
Now
they
do
otherwise
.
The
Ancient
Romanes
,
haue
martialed
their
Armed
foote
into
three
Battels
.
The
first
subsisting
of
the
Hastatij
,
the
second
of
the
Principes
,
the
third
of
the
Triarij
:
with
Velites
to
either
of
them
,
and
Horse
in
the
winges
.
How
their
Velites
(
light
Armed
men
)
were
placed
,
being
too
weake
to
deale
with
Horsemen
,
or
armed
Foote
(
without
aduantage
)
I
will
shew
you
hereafter
.
Some
haue
ordered
a
weake
battell
of
Foot
or
horsemen
,
against
a
strong
battell
of
their
Enemies
Foote
or
Horsemen
,
thereby
to
bring
their
Enemies
strength
into
some
stratagem
,
which
was
wisely
done
by
the
great
Captaine
Gonsaluo
,
against
the
Frenchmen
.
This
Gonsaluo
sent
a
noble
Spaniard
called
Mondotius
,
against
the
Generall
of
the
Frenchmen
to
fight
with
his
Reareward
;
which
Mondotius
,
had
a
company
of
light
horsemen
for
to
inuade
the
Reare
of
the
Frenchmen
,
and
with
him
likewise
went
two
Cohorts
of
Calliuer-shot
,
which
kept
company
in
the
front
almost
with
them
,
being
extended
as
in
two
spred
winges
.
Mondotius
horse
left
these
shot
,
and
inuaded
freshly
the
hindermost
of
the
French
.
The
French
barbed
horsemen
,
with
fury
set
vpon
Mondotius
light
horsemen
:
Mondotius
light
horsemen
retired
as
though
they
were
not
able
to
encounter
the
barbed
Horsemen
:
thus
flying
,
caused
the
barbed
horsemen
to
persue
out
of
order
:
Then
the
Calliuer-shot
keeping
aloofe
off
(
about
a
furlong
)
and
in
forme
of
a
halfe
Moone
,
shot
of
vpon
the
French
barbed
horsmen
,
before
&
on
the
Flanks
.
Gonsaluo
thereupon
sent
a
company
of
his
barbed
horsemen
to
the
aide
of
his
light
horsemen
flying
,
&
his
Calliuers
fighting
:
Thereupon
his
light
horsemen
returned
,
and
ioyned
with
their
owne
barbed
horsemen
that
came
for
aide
,
and
both
of
them
in
order
,
did
set
vpon
the
Frenchmen
out
of
order
;
the
shot
continuing
on
both
sides
,
and
backes
as
before
.
Which
kinde
of
order
(
you
see
)
and
flying
,
and
ayde
of
the
Spaniards
,
was
for
to
bring
first
such
French
force
to
disorder
,
and
so
thereby
to
discomfort
them
the
easlier
,
which
was
done
to
their
mindes
.
The
forme
of
the
French
Kings
battell
,
containing
12000.
Foote
,
and
4000.
Horse
.
The
Horse
should
haue
beene
higher
placed
,
and
more
inclining
to
the
three
vppermost
field
Peeces
.
Where
you
shall
see
15.
battalions
of
Foot
,
martialed
in
a
manner
after
the
French
Kings
forme
,
viz.
In
the
Vantgard
or
right
wing
,
are
three
battalions
of
500.
a
peece
,
Flanckt
with
Muskettiers
;
before
euery
one
of
which
are
raunged
ten
files
of
Muskettiers
;
three
in
the
right
angle
,
three
in
the
left
,
and
foure
in
the
midst
iust
before
them
;
euery
file
containing
ten
men
,
which
shot
are
to
make
their
way
through
the
interuals
of
the
battalions
in
the
Reare
of
all
,
there
to
giue
vpon
the
Enemies
Flanks
.
In
the
Battell
are
three
battalions
,
containing
3000.
men
,
(
a
thousand
a
peece
)
flankt
with
Muskettiers
,
and
with
Muskettiers
before
them
in
the
same
fashion
as
the
rest
.
In
the
Reareward
(
or
left
winge
)
of
the
battell
,
are
likewise
three
battalions
of
500.
a
peece
,
Embattailed
as
the
rest
,
with
Muskettiers
before
them
,
in
the
same
forme
as
the
other
:
Behinde
these
battalions
(
for
seconds
)
are
foure
battalions
of
500.
a
peece
,
standing
against
the
Interuals
of
their
opposite
battalions
;
which
Interuals
are
200.
foote
broad
,
that
the
foure
battalions
may
the
better
passe
through
them
.
These
foure
battalions
haue
shot
before
them
as
the
former
,
which
with
the
rest
may
march
forth
to
skirmish
with
the
Enemie
;
or
stand
still
to
second
them
vpon
their
retreate
,
before
the
Battels
ioyne
:
after
being
in
the
Reare
to
giue
vpon
your
Enemies
flanks
as
the
other
.
The
rest
of
the
battalions
are
in
Front
but
twelue
foote
distance
one
from
another
,
and
at
three
foote
order
.
The
diuisions
of
Muskettiers
are
allowed
six
foote
,
that
they
may
the
better
fall
through
,
hauing
giuen
fire
.
In
the
Reare
of
all
are
two
battalions
,
of
a
thousand
a
peece
,
standing
iust
behinde
the
three
battalions
of
the
Battell
,
about
a
furlong
of
.
On
the
Flanks
of
these
are
800
,
Horse
,
400.
in
each
flanke
,
oblique
wise
,
the
better
to
start
forth
and
inuiron
the
Enemy
.
In
like
manner
are
the
Horse
martialed
in
the
outward
flanks
of
the
rest
,
but
in
greater
numbers
.
peruse
the
Figure
.
By
the
winges
of
these
two
battalions
are
two
field
Peeces
ready
turned
and
bent
to
the
Reare
,
to
discharge
vpon
the
Enemy
,
if
he
should
with
Horse
or
Foote
giue
vpon
that
part
;
if
not
,
then
these
field
Peeces
may
bee
with
ease
brought
from
thence
to
some
other
place
to
annoy
him
other
wayes
.
As
for
the
rest
of
the
Ordance
,
I
haue
planted
them
vpon
two
Hils
opposite
against
the
Enemies
flanks
,
thereby
to
distresse
him
.
And
for
the
better
performance
of
this
,
I
haue
planted
700.
Muskettiers
to
guard
them
;
and
will
ayde
them
with
more
if
neede
be
.
Now
against
this
Battell
hauing
Ordnance
in
the
Reare
,
and
on
the
Hils
,
to
distresse
the
Enemies
Flanks
,
I
oppose
this
Battell
following
.
A
Battell
of
12000.
foot
and
4000.
horse
,
with
Ordnance
in
the
midst
,
and
on
the
wings
.
Described
in
the
next
page
.
The
pricks
inclosed
with
lines
are
800.
shot
to
surprise
the
enemies
Ordnance
on
the
hils
.
Here
(
or
in
the
Figure
going
before
)
you
see
are
sixteene
Battalions
.
The
Ordnance
planted
both
in
the
Wings
and
in
the
Front
of
the
maine
Battell
.
The
Ordnance
in
the
maine
Battell
,
hath
before
them
400.
Muskettiers
,
ranged
in
the
same
forme
as
the
Enemies
,
the
better
to
hide
the
deceit
:
for
so
soone
as
the
Muskettiers
are
cleare
of
the
Battell
,
the
Ordnance
are
to
discharge
vpon
the
Enemy
to
breake
his
maine
Battell
;
and
then
the
other
Battels
are
to
march
on
to
charge
the
Enemy
in
disorder
:
the
Horse
are
martialled
outward
on
the
wings
,
and
stand
oblique
wise
to
inuiron
the
Enemy
.
Now
before
the
Horse
giue
the
charge
,
eight
hundred
Musketties
doe
sallie
forth
to
surprise
the
Enemies
Ordnance
,
being
planting
on
the
hils
.
The
Figure
doth
demonstrate
it
as
plaine
as
can
be
,
with
the
number
of
euery
battalion
;
onely
take
notice
that
the
shot
before
euery
battalion
are
to
make
their
passage
through
the
interuals
,
and
sides
of
the
battailes
,
in
the
Reare
of
all
;
from
thence
to
giue
vpon
the
Enemies
Flankes
,
if
occasion
be
,
otherwise
to
aide
their
own
men
in
the
Fight
.
All
the
shot
before
the
battalions
are
in
number
1200.
This
appointing
of
shot
for
to
march
before
,
and
to
surprise
the
enemies
Ordnance
(
in
such
a
place
of
aduantage
)
was
heretofore
practised
by
ancient
Generals
,
and
lately
by
our
great
Commander
Sir
Horatio
Vere
in
the
Palatinate
,
though
the
Battel
were
vnfought
.
The
planting
of
Ordnance
in
the
Front
of
the
maine
Battaile
,
betweene
the
interuals
,
to
breake
the
Enemies
Battalia
,
was
,
and
is
at
this
day
practised
by
the
Turkes
,
and
other
Nations
.
Likewise
the
placing
of
Ordnance
in
the
Reare
with
seconds
for
all
attempts
,
was
,
and
is
at
this
day
practised
both
by
Italians
,
French
,
Germanes
,
and
other
Generals
besides
.
You
see
then
that
all
this
is
no
crotchet
of
mine
(
as
the
pacing
of
the
shot
before
euery
battalion
was
no
crotchet
of
the
French
Kings
)
but
the
vsuall
custome
of
all
Generals
before
and
in
his
time
.
The
ancient
Romans
did
continually
obserue
it
in
placing
their
Velites
before
euery
Maniple
.
Their
Velites
were
their
light
Armed
,
such
as
vsed
throwing
weapons
(
in
Latine
Massilia
)
as
Bowes
,
Slings
and
Darts
.
To
a
popular
Legion
they
allotted
1200.
Velites
.
1200.
Hastalij
,
1200
Principes
,
and
600.
Triarij
.
These
made
vp
a
Legion
.
This
Legion
of
4200.
foot
was
deuided
into
30.
Maniples
;
ten
of
the
Hastatij
,
ten
of
the
Principes
,
and
ten
of
the
Triarij
.
The
ten
of
the
Hastatij
made
the
first
Battell
,
the
ten
of
the
Principes
the
second
Battell
,
the
ten
of
the
Triarij
the
third
Battell
:
if
but
one
Legion
were
Embattailed
.
To
each
of
these
Battailes
were
allotted
400.
Velites
,
fortie
to
a
Maniple
:
the
Battels
containing
3000.
of
well
armed
men
,
besides
the
Velites
which
were
but
lightly
armed
.
How
these
Maniples
were
placed
:
how
far
distant
each
Battell
stood
one
from
another
:
the
order
of
the
Velites
:
the
number
of
their
Horse
,
and
how
ranged
by
Troopes
,
must
not
be
passed
ouer
.
Briefly
thus
.
The
Embattaling
of
a
Romane
Legion
;
shewing
you
how
the
Velites
were
first
placed
,
being
in
number
1200.
They
are
marked
with
Prickes
,
being
fiue
in
ranke
,
eight
in
depth
,
40.
before
euery
Maniple
.
The
Maniples
of
the
Hastatij
are
marked
with
H.
those
of
the
Principes
with
P.
those
of
the
Triarii
with
T.
Fiue
Troupts
of
horse
in
the
right
Wing
,
fiue
in
the
left
,
and
32.
in
a
Troupe
.
Lastly
,
at
a
larger
distance
behinde
these
were
the
Triarij
set
,
and
deuided
with
spaces
betwixt
euery
Maniple
,
which
spaces
were
great
enough
to
receiue
the
Principes
in
case
they
retired
also
:
but
how
bigge
the
crosse
interuals
were
I
cannot
truely
and
soundly
set
downe
;
rather
I
beleeue
they
varied
,
according
to
the
Forces
and
will
of
the
Generall
.
Polibus
noteth
that
Haniball
in
his
Affrican
Battell
remoued
the
third
Battell
(
for
so
he
had
diuided
them
according
to
the
Roman
fashion
)
more
then
a
furlong
from
the
second
.
And
although
I
dare
not
affirme
that
the
Romans
did
the
like
,
yet
may
I
probably
guesse
it
differed
not
much
,
because
they
had
neede
to
haue
such
space
to
retire
,
and
to
auoid
the
mingling
and
confusion
of
Troopes
.
Now
the
direct
waies
were
indifferent
,
sometimes
of
one
distance
,
sometimes
of
another
,
as
vse
required
:
if
the
Velites
were
there
placed
as
often
as
they
were
,
they
had
neede
be
broad
,
so
large
as
to
receiue
them
with
the
Maniples
;
yet
not
so
large
as
the
crosse
interuals
,
of
which
I
haue
spoke
.
The
manner
of
the
Velites
fight
dismarching
from
their
Maniples
,
marked
with
S.
with
their
retreat
in
the
Reare
of
all
behinde
the
Triarii
,
marked
with
V.
and
prickes
.
The
Horse
of
this
Legion
were
in
number
320.
diuided
into
ten
troopes
,
32.
in
a
troope
:
fiue
troopes
placed
on
the
right
wing
,
fiue
on
the
left
wing
,
oblique
wise
,
withall
closing
in
the
Front
,
and
opening
in
the
Reare
,
like
this
letter
A
put
downewards
.
The
manner
of
the
Velites
fight
with
their
Retreat
into
the
Reare
of
all
behinde
the
Triary
is
in
the
former
page
figured
to
the
life
.
With
the
station
of
the
Horse
on
the
Flanks
,
to
saue
the
Battell
from
inuironing
,
and
to
charge
the
Enemy
in
the
Flanke
,
if
the
Enemy
gaue
the
charge
with
his
Horse
in
the
Front
.
I
with
Iustus
Lipsus
doe
admire
the
Romane
Embattailing
,
and
will
affirme
as
much
as
hee
,
that
if
this
ancient
discipline
were
ioyned
with
these
our
new
found
Armes
,
the
old
and
new
world
would
be
subiect
to
one
man
:
for
surely
if
our
light
Souldiers
(
so
I
call
shot
)
were
mixt
betweene
the
Maniples
and
before
the
Maniples
of
the
armed
,
with
Interuals
and
distances
for
retreat
,
and
that
against
the
Horse
and
Armed
Foot
,
what
Battalia
durst
assaile
,
nay
,
what
Battalia
could
resist
vs
?
For
in
regard
hereof
our
men
should
be
alwayes
fit
to
charge
,
fit
to
retire
for
a
second
charge
.
All
which
notwithstanding
is
to
be
done
with
long
vse
and
exercise
,
least
they
trouble
vs
in
the
doing
.
If
any
obiect
against
the
Romans
discipline
,
because
such
Maniples
are
not
able
to
cope
with
great
Battaliaes
?
Let
them
know
,
that
the
Romans
did
make
their
Maniples
Cohorts
;
and
their
Cohorts
were
sometimes
500.
sometimes
600.
nay
,
a
thousand
if
we
beleeue
Vegetius
:
and
is
not
this
our
number
when
wee
Embattaile
?
and
will
not
you
imitate
them
?
well
,
if
you
will
not
,
yet
follow
the
discipline
now
in
vse
;
a
discipline
approued
for
instruction
,
instructing
you
to
doe
thus
.
1.
When
your
Battalia
of
Footmen
come
to
ioyne
Battaila
with
your
Enemies
Footmen
,
haue
a
great
company
of
Muskettiers
before
you
to
hurt
and
weaken
your
aduersary
before
you
ioyne
battell
or
fight
;
which
shot
when
they
haue
wrought
their
effect
must
haue
roome
ready
open
for
them
to
retreat
into
the
Reare
;
from
whence
they
may
be
fecht
to
serue
against
the
Enemies
Flankes
.
Your
Enemies
Battalia
in
such
case
,
comming
without
shot
before
,
hath
his
next
remedy
in
all
haste
to
ioyne
to
handy
stroakes
.
Your
care
must
euer
be
to
auoid
confusion
of
fight
.
Confusion
of
fight
isto
begin
before
your
time
,
which
causeth
such
inconuenience
,
as
is
cause
oftentimes
of
losse
:
therefore
in
the
beginning
of
your
Fight
take
great
heede
that
you
inuade
nor
fight
confusedly
.
Whereas
euery
part
of
the
Army
hath
his
ordinary
time
to
fight
:
neither
suffer
any
part
of
your
Army
to
fight
with
your
Euemy
in
any
other
fashion
then
you
appointed
him
.
And
for
such
casualties
and
accidents
as
may
happen
to
you
in
Battell
or
Fight
,
keepe
these
conclusions
following
in
memory
and
heart
,
and
they
will
much
auaile
you
in
time
of
neede
.
2.
If
your
Horsemen
be
oppressed
with
your
Enemies
Horsemen
,
send
for
succour
a
supply
of
Musketties
,
who
may
scattering
and
out
of
order
,
as
occasion
shall
serue
,
shoot
at
the
oppressors
,
and
vpon
occasion
retire
and
returne
very
often
.
3.
To
these
you
may
send
a
gard
of
Pikes
for
rescue
,
the
better
to
bring
them
off
safe
:
but
if
you
inuade
your
Enemy
with
Muskettiers
,
with
your
gard
of
Pike
send
some
Horse
,
that
both
may
defend
them
from
inuasion
of
the
Enemies
Horsemen
.
4.
Likewise
to
giue
the
Enemy
his
hands
full
,
follow
him
with
a
battalion
resolutely
,
to
put
all
or
one
of
his
battalions
to
rout
;
and
hauing
discomfited
any
one
of
his
Battels
,
send
onely
a
small
or
conuenient
company
to
persue
the
chase
,
and
with
the
rest
inuade
quickely
some
part
of
his
Army
fighting
with
any
one
of
your
Battels
:
This
must
of
necessitie
be
done
;
for
sundry
victories
haue
beene
lost
vpon
this
occasion
:
that
when
one
Battell
hath
ouerthrowne
his
first
encountered
Enemies
Battell
,
it
hath
immediately
followed
the
chase
,
and
not
holpen
his
owne
fellowes
in
danger
.
Likewise
in
your
first
ioyning
of
Battell
,
if
your
foreward
gaine
the
victory
,
ioyne
your
other
Battels
immediately
whilst
comfort
is
on
your
side
,
on
your
Enemies
discomfort
.
This
got
Bucoy
the
victory
at
Prague
.
6.
If
your
Footmen
be
vehemently
oppressed
with
your
Enemies
footmen
;
send
your
horsemen
to
inuade
the
sides
of
your
Enemies
,
and
with
them
some
shot
to
hold
them
play
:
but
if
you
can
plant
a
peece
of
Ordnance
against
their
flanke
,
it
will
much
abate
their
courage
.
7.
If
your
Enemies
come
vpon
you
vnprouided
and
vnlooked
for
,
send
your
Horsemen
or
shot
,
to
skirmish
with
them
,
whilst
you
intend
to
make
you
ready
for
Battell
.
Also
your
Horse
may
extend
themselues
into
a
deepe
Heirse
battell
,
for
to
inuade
your
Enemies
with
their
more
trouble
and
stay
.
8.
Or
to
deceiue
your
Enemies
,
march
towards
them
with
a
company
of
Horse
,
and
make
semblance
of
fight
,
as
if
the
whole
Army
followed
.
The
Enemy
at
this
will
stand
;
your
battels
in
the
meane
time
be
set
:
you
by
this
may
outface
the
Enemy
,
and
returne
againe
without
fight
.
9.
Then
being
in
good
order
,
if
your
occasion
be
such
,
that
you
would
not
haue
your
Enemies
vnderstand
of
your
orders
and
policies
,
cause
you
Horsemen
to
run
vp
and
down
:
the
dust
,
to
let
their
fight
.
Doe
the
like
if
you
haue
planted
and
ordered
your
Army
all
in
stratagems
.
10.
If
your
Enemies
maine
battell
doe
vrge
very
valiantly
your
foreward
,
and
his
other
battell
be
not
ready
to
helpe
,
or
rescue
,
cause
both
your
other
battels
one
on
the
one
side
,
and
the
other
on
the
other
side
,
freshly
to
inuade
your
Enemies
maine
battell
;
and
herein
you
shall
doe
wisely
,
imitating
your
predecessours
,
the
braue
English
,
at
the
battell
of
Poytiers
.
11.
If
you
hauing
a
small
and
weake
number
,
and
you
vnderstand
that
your
Enemies
goe
for
to
distresse
a
certaine
aide
comming
to
helpe
you
:
where
you
be
sent
after
the
Enemy
to
inuade
the
backes
of
them
when
they
be
fighting
with
your
aide
;
comming
,
set
not
you
on
rashly
vpon
your
Enemies
,
before
your
time
appointed
;
for
if
you
fight
with
your
enemies
so
,
being
stronger
,
before
your
aide
haue
set
vpon
their
Front
,
you
foolishly
cast
away
your selues
,
and
also
leaue
your
aide
in
danger
:
and
by
your
vntimely
,
rash
,
and
vnwarlike
onset
bereaue
your selues
of
your
aide
and
helpe
.
And
withall
you
much
comfort
your
Enemies
,
who
might
haue
beene
discomforted
;
for
if
you
had
obserued
your
discipline
and
purpose
,
you
should
haue
followed
your
Enemy
closely
,
with
as
little
noyse
as
might
be
,
vntill
your
Enemies
had
set
vpon
your
ayde
;
then
in
the
heat
of
their
fight
,
you
should
haue
set
vpon
their
backes
,
before
your
Enemies
were
knowing
of
your
comming
:
which
kinde
of
dealing
had
beene
most
hurtfull
to
your
Enemies
,
commodious
to
your
Ayde
,
and
profitable
to
your selues
;
for
warlike
discipline
is
,
that
a
weaker
company
neuer
fight
with
a
greater
strength
,
without
a
speciall
aduantage
of
time
,
occasion
,
and
place
for
to
helpe
you
.
Also
,
neuer
to
breake
your
aduised
determinate
purpose
,
without
you
be
either
enforced
,
either
drawne
to
fight
by
occasion
of
some
notable
accident
offered
by
chance
.
Accident
will
happen
;
for
in
warres
no
most
certaine
rule
can
be
appointed
,
which
is
not
broken
by
some
meanes
at
some
seuerall
times
:
therefore
wait
time
,
and
so
I
proceede
to
other
Councell
.
12.
If
you
abound
in
number
,
couet
to
compasse
your
Enemies
,
and
to
distresse
them
being
weake
.
13.
If
your
Enemies
abound
in
number
,
prouide
by
order
,
or
stratagem
,
or
place
,
that
your
Enemies
cannot
compasse
you
.
14.
Plant
your
Campe
or
Army
to
fight
in
a
very
strong
ground
by
nature
,
and
helpe
it
by
Art
.
15.
Some
haue
vsed
to
choose
their
ground
fortified
by
nature
,
as
Prosper
Colonno
.
16.
Some
haue
no
regard
of
the
strength
of
the
place
by
nature
,
but
choose
rather
to
fortifie
all
wholly
by
Art
and
industry
,
as
the
ancient
Romans
.
17.
Some
seeke
places
somewhat
by
nature
strong
,
and
by
Art
and
industry
make
them
more
stronger
.
They
fortifie
themselues
as
well
in
Fight
as
in
Campe
,
which
the
good
Captaines
of
our
time
doe
vsually
.
18.
Therefore
if
you
be
vnwilling
to
fight
,
and
your
Enemies
must
needes
fight
with
you
,
by
your
industry
make
a
ditch
three
foot
deepe
,
and
fiue
or
sixe
foot
broad
,
and
cast
the
earth
towards
you
;
which
ditch
,
if
you
thinke
good
,
let
it
be
especially
in
the
Front
,
also
in
the
sides
,
and
on
your
backes
also
,
as
Prosper
Colonno
would
often
dot
.
19.
Which
Ditch
,
if
it
haue
sundry
places
open
and
free
for
your
Enemies
to
enter
,
of
no
great
space
,
it
shall
encourage
them
there
to
enter
;
where
if
you
prouide
some
stratagem
against
them
,
you
doe
well
.
The
fittest
stratagem
for
this
occasion
,
is
to
place
certaine
Companies
before
the
gaps
,
and
certaine
Ordnance
behinde
them
to
be
discharged
when
they
open
in
the
midst
.
20.
Whereupon
,
if
your
Enemies
desist
,
vrge
them
hardly
,
onely
make
a
faire
shew
,
but
proceede
no
further
.
For
you
are
not
to
put
your
confidence
in
such
weake
fortification
:
nor
in
the
arrogancy
of
your
men
to
fight
;
by
arrogancy
many
Armies
are
ouerthrowne
,
where
by
wisedome
many
are
saued
.
I
present
you
the
Figure
of
such
an
Intrenched
Battell
to
peruse
;
(
in
the
next
page
following
)
but
you
may
doe
as
you
please
.
21.
If
your
Company
be
small
,
and
your
Enemy
haue
great
store
of
Horsemen
against
you
,
so
that
you
be
likely
to
loose
the
Battell
,
if
your
Enemies
againe
set
vpon
you
;
if
any
great
Wood
be
neere
,
seeke
to
saue
your
Army
by
the
thicknesse
of
the
same
Wood
,
and
suffer
your
Enemies
to
gaine
your
Ordnance
,
and
Baggage
,
and
Victuals
,
that
they
spoyling
the
same
,
you
may
the
better
escape
.
22.
Likewise
when
you
haue
a
Battell
more
then
the
Enemies
,
diuide
it
into
two
parts
;
and
where
you
see
any
danger
among
your
Enemies
,
send
first
one
A
Foure-Fronted
Battell
for
Stratagem
,
being
enuironed
with
a
Ditch
.
THe
Ditch
is
6.
foot
broad
,
and
3.
foot
deepe
.
It
hath
foure
gaps
(
for
sallyes
)
twentie
paces
broad
,
to
allure
the
Enemy
there
to
enter
.
It
hath
at
euery
gap
fiue
battalions
of
300.
a
peece
:
it
hath
a
field
Peece
behinde
euery
middle
battell
;
euery
middle
battell
must
open
in
the
midst
,
before
the
Peece
doe
discharge
;
then
the
Horse
must
issue
forth
vpon
the
Enemy
:
for
this
cause
the
Horse
haue
their
place
in
the
midst
,
remote
from
the
Foot
,
diuided
into
foure
squadrons
,
(
in
the
forme
of
a
crosse
)
ready
faced
to
the
gaps
:
being
in
all
1600.
the
foot
6000.
If
you
will
haue
no
Horse
in
the
midst
,
then
diuide
them
into
8
troupes
;
place
them
for
wings
,
in
an
euen
front
,
or
on
the
angles
:
so
the
Battell
will
be
hollow
,
and
the
foot
battels
for
the
gaps
but
3
a
peece
.
part
,
and
then
another
:
or
else
,
if
occasion
serue
,
ayde
your
Battels
,
as
reason
shall
moue
you
to
helpe
.
23.
And
in
the
heat
of
your
Fight
,
if
newes
come
that
your
Baggage
is
in
danger
,
in
no
case
the
Captaines
must
not
suffer
the
Souldiers
,
or
Horsemen
confusedly
for
to
runne
for
to
recouer
the
same
,
in
case
of
losse
;
but
by
aduice
to
send
a
company
of
conuenient
men
for
to
doe
it
,
onely
by
their
Commandements
,
and
no
otherwise
;
for
by
seeking
to
recouer
the
same
pelfe
or
baggage
,
sundry
Armies
haue
been
ouerthrown
,
which
otherwise
might
haue
beene
saued
.
24.
If
your
Enemies
come
ouerstrongly
vpon
any
part
of
your
Army
,
shoot
off
your
great
Ordnance
amongst
the
thickest
of
them
,
and
when
your
great
Ordnance
hath
dispersed
them
,
then
cause
your
Horsemen
to
inuade
them
so
disordered
most
furiously
.
25.
As
for
your
Ordnance
,
you
may
plant
them
either
before
you
,
or
on
your
wings
,
or
else
vpon
some
conuenient
Hils
behinde
you
,
to
shoot
ouer
your
heads
;
or
on
some
high
grounds
on
the
sides
,
or
before
.
26.
Some
haue
planted
their
Ordnance
on
a
leuell
ground
behinde
their
Battell
,
and
causing
the
Battell
to
open
in
the
midst
,
haue
deliuered
the
volly
vpon
the
Front
of
the
Enemy
.
In
which
case
you
are
to
marke
,
that
if
your
Enemy
so
open
,
then
his
great
Ordnance
is
so
planted
;
and
then
you
haue
no
better
remedy
,
but
to
open
your selues
as
you
see
them
doe
before
you
:
In
which
case
also
your
Footmen
may
suddenly
fall
down
flat
vpon
the
ground
,
and
that
safely
,
and
rise
againe
immediately
after
the
Enemies
haue
shot
;
for
in
such
a
case
they
will
neuer
inuade
you
in
your
Front
,
before
their
shot
haue
been
discharged
:
and
being
down
,
your
Ordnance
behinde
you
may
flanke-wise
immediately
play
on
them
,
if
you
were
so
prouided
.
27.
In
marching
against
an
Enemy
,
if
you
feare
his
great
Ordnance
shooting
directly
against
you
,
fetch
a
long
compasse
to
passe
by
them
,
and
so
to
auoid
them
,
if
no
greater
impediment
let
you
.
28.
Likewise
fearing
your
Enemies
great
Ordnance
,
let
your
iourney
be
behinde
the
couert
of
Corne
high
standing
,
creeping
close
,
and
your
Pikes
trayling
,
so
couet
to
inuade
the
sides
,
or
backes
of
your
Enemies
.
29.
Some
haue
,
being
in
danger
of
the
great
Ordnance
,
caused
their
seruants
in
Armour
for
to
stand
behinde
great
trees
,
standing
directly
in
the
face
or
sight
of
the
Gunners
,
therby
to
cause
them
to
shoot
off
the
more
vehemently
,
as
though
the
whole
Battell
came
that
way
,
and
ment
for
to
come
vpon
the
Ordnance
:
In
the
meane
space
,
vnder
that
colour
,
their
Souldiers
haue
come
conueniently
some
other
way
;
or
else
behinde
their
seruants
,
creeping
loe
,
towards
their
Enemies
;
which
to
imitate
,
you
must
beforehand
learne
perfectly
the
nature
of
the
ground
,
which
you
are
to
passe
,
that
you
may
take
all
aduantages
which
the
nature
of
the
soile
can
render
vnto
you
.
30.
If
your
Enemy
March
with
all
his
Ordnance
in
the
Vantgard
,
and
his
other
Battels
lagge
halfe
a
dayes
iourney
behinde
,
follow
him
with
all
your
power
with
as
great
celeritie
and
secrecie
as
you
can
,
and
so
fight
with
him
,
being
depriued
of
his
chiefe
strength
.
31.
If
your
Enemy
March
away
in
good
order
with
his
Ordnance
before
,
and
in
the
Reare
of
his
Army
so
trauelling
(
not
determined
to
fight
)
and
you
seeke
by
following
your
Enemy
to
fight
with
him
,
you
must
haue
a
great
regard
vnto
the
place
where
your
Enemy
and
you
both
iourny
,
and
there
a
company
of
Dragons
with
Curassiers
,
or
Pistoliers
,
with
two
or
three
field
Peeces
,
are
to
be
sent
before
to
stay
your
Enemies
,
and
to
disturbe
them
;
that
when
you
see
them
thereby
stayed
,
you
may
haue
the
more
leasure
to
order
your
Battels
,
and
to
make
choise
of
your
ground
to
fight
.
Then
if
you
fight
(
if
it
be
possible
)
by
all
meanes
bring
your
great
Ordnance
round
about
your
Enemies
Armie
;
plant
them
vpon
some
high
ground
,
that
you
may
without
impediment
shoot
free
vpon
your
Enemies
backes
,
or
sides
:
and
withall
guard
your
Ordnance
with
a
conuenient
number
of
shot
,
that
they
may
not
be
surprised
by
the
Enemy
,
and
turned
vpon
your selues
.
32.
If
it
chance
that
your
Battell
be
ouerpressed
by
your
Enemies
,
and
begin
to
scatter
,
or
for
to
disorder
;
then
all
your
Captaines
must
with
all
diligence
bestir
themselues
,
first
in
exhortation
,
and
comforting
their
Souldiers
;
then
by
bringing
them
againe
into
order
,
and
turne
them
againe
,
which
haue
turned
from
their
Enemies
:
If
faire
words
will
not
serue
,
then
let
them
vse
foule
,
and
from
words
fall
vnto
blowes
,
it
may
be
that
will
force
them
to
returne
.
If
they
persist
and
will
flye
,
then
let
some
few
valiant
Captaines
as
know
such
streights
through
which
they
must
passe
,
runne
before
to
possesse
the
streights
;
there
after
blowes
and
slaughter
,
force
them
to
fall
into
order
againe
.
33.
Bridges
,
deepe
Riuers
,
streight
wayes
inuironed
are
to
be
set
.
34.
By
which
waies
oftentimes
recoueries
haue
bin
gotten
,
although
very
deerely
.
35.
It
is
very
necessary
for
a
Generall
to
haue
before-hand
perfect
knowledge
of
these
wayes
;
that
hee
may
somewhat
the
better
behaue
himselfe
after
the
losse
of
his
Battell
.
How
a
Generall
should
behaue
himselfe
after
the
losse
of
his
Battell
.
His
behauiour
after
his
Battell
lost
,
consisteth
best
in
his
good
prouision
of
all
kindes
of
duties
made
before
his
Fight
or
Battell
.
For
if
he
haue
prouided
beforehand
by
wisedome
some
place
of
safe
refuge
,
neere
hand
vnto
the
place
of
the
Battell
,
hee
hath
very
well
taken
order
for
all
mishaps
.
If
he
by
wisedome
before
haue
taken
order
that
the
enemy
can
in
no
safetie
,
but
with
his
danger
persue
him
,
he
hath
well
holpen
his
danger
.
If
knowing
no
other
helpe
to
be
likely
,
he
began
the
Battell
ouer
night
;
in
which
case
hauing
lost
the
Battell
,
his
Enemies
could
not
persue
him
very
farre
:
hee
hath
done
very
well
.
If
he
haue
beforehand
,
when
hee
saw
himselfe
likely
to
loose
the
Battell
,
in
some
conuenient
place
laid
some
Ambush
,
which
in
order
will
set
vpon
his
Enemies
,
persuing
out
of
order
;
he
hath
performed
the
part
of
a
good
Generall
.
A
good
Generall
will
forecast
what
may
happen
,
and
therefore
will
consider
alwayes
of
euery
ground
,
as
he
passeth
by
it
,
what
occasion
it
can
worke
,
and
how
he
can
take
aduantage
,
or
helpe
himselfe
thereby
;
either
by
the
impediments
of
his
Enemy
there
,
or
else
by
some
Ambush
,
or
some
other
stratagem
to
be
wrought
vpon
the
occasion
of
the
same
ground
,
good
or
bad
.
And
if
his
Enemy
very
wisely
,
and
with
good
reasons
and
discretion
seeke
Battell
or
Fight
,
he
with
like
wisedome
and
discretion
wil
auoid
Battell
or
fight
,
and
seeke
to
get
away
by
flying
:
which
is
the
next
point
to
be
handled
.
CHAP.
IIII.
In
what
case
it
is
best
for
a
Commander
or
Generall
to
flye
,
and
how
.
AS
great
Iudgement
was
required
of
you
in
the
ordering
of
your
Battels
,
and
behauiour
of
your selfe
in
Fight
,
and
after
the
Battell
lost
;
so
there
is
as
much
required
of
you
in
taking
time
to
Flye
:
for
if
you
flye
not
like
a
good
Souldier
,
but
like
one
voide
of
iudgment
without
Discipline
,
you
will
bring
distruction
to
your
Army
,
shame
to
your
Friends
,
and
dishonour
to
your selfe
:
but
if
you
flye
with
iudgement
as
a
Souldidier
,
you
bring
safetie
to
your
Army
,
glory
to
your
Friends
,
and
hope
of
victory
to
your selfe
.
That
you
may
be
enabled
to
flye
thus
with
honour
,
obserue
these
precepts
following
.
Precepts
for
Flying
.
1.
When
your
Enemies
being
mightie
,
or
else
very
strong
,
vrgeth
you
being
weake
in
strength
,
helpelesse
;
then
know
,
that
vpon
such
an
occasion
(
so
necessitated
)
that
a
wise
,
orderly
,
and
politicke
flight
is
better
then
an
indiscreet
stay
without
reason
.
2.
If
you
be
by
necessitie
compelled
to
flye
,
flye
in
order
,
and
in
Battell
array
,
fully
prouided
of
rescues
and
helpes
,
that
your
Enemies
eagerly
vrge
you
not
.
3.
Flye
with
sufficient
space
of
time
and
place
,
that
your
Enemies
cannot
easily
ouertake
you
before
you
come
into
safetie
(
I
meane
places
of
aduantages
for
you
.
)
4.
Flye
in
many
parts
and
sundry
wayes
,
which
conceale
,
that
your
Enemies
may
haue
no
intelligence
of
your
meaning
,
and
diuersitie
of
flying
.
5.
If
you
flye
or
auoid
the
fight
;
doe
it
either
compelled
by
necessitie
,
or
subtiltie
,
or
cautiously
to
bring
your
Enemy
into
your
danger
,
or
else
to
seeke
places
or
occasions
for
your
best
,
or
better
aduantage
.
6.
If
you
flye
,
your
Enemy
hardly
vrging
you
in
the
Reare
and
Flankes
;
your
Hosemen
or
else
your
Muskettiers
,
or
both
,
should
eagerly
skirmish
with
them
which
persue
so
earnestly
;
so
that
your
Army
may
in
the
interim
win
a
good
space
of
ground
.
7.
Before
your
Horse
and
Muskettiers
should
issue
out
(
as
aboue
said
)
you
should
haue
a
Peece
of
Ordnance
remaining
in
the
Reare
of
your
Army
for
to
shoot
off
vpon
the
vrgers
,
as
opportunity
should
serue
.
8.
In
like
fashion
two
or
three
peeces
of
Ordnance
in
the
Reare
of
euery
battalia
,
trauelling
,
iournying
,
or
flying
.
9.
Commonly
your
Muskettiers
(
in
such
cases
last
rehearsed
)
are
vsed
to
be
placed
both
in
the
Reare
and
Flanks
,
for
the
said
speciall
purpose
;
namely
,
to
skirmish
with
such
as
doe
disturbe
your
March
;
and
yet
to
keepe
on
their
iourney
with
the
rest
.
10.
Some
such
as
flye
vse
to
leaue
some
great
Stales
or
Ambushes
,
in
places
very
conuenient
(
as
Woods
,
Mountaines
,
Forrests
,
Rocks
,
banks
of
Riuers
,
Caues
,
Hils
,
hollow
and
deepe
wayes
,
Corne-fields
,
and
the
like
)
for
such
a
purpose
,
to
intrap
the
vrgers
,
if
occasion
can
serue
.
21.
Sometimes
(
as
Count
Mansfield
)
they
fire
houses
to
stay
their
Enemies
following
:
and
on
that
side
the
smoake
fals
(
by
reason
of
the
winde
)
they
lay
an
Ambush
to
intrap
the
Enemy
.
The
like
doe
you
,
that
the
rest
of
your
Army
may
passe
with
safetie
.
12.
When
you
flye
onely
the
Battell
,
and
seeke
order
and
time
conuenient
for
the
same
,
send
all
your
baggage
and
carriage
before
,
and
after
them
all
your
Footmen
,
and
with
a
strong
company
of
Horse
fortifie
your
Reare
,
and
leaue
many
fires
in
the
Campe
;
And
for
time
,
choose
a
cloudy
darke
morning
.
13.
In
your
flying
,
or
before
,
learne
exquisitely
of
them
as
be
skilfull
of
the
wayes
and
places
,
where
,
how
farre
off
,
or
how
lye
such
places
,
as
you
hope
may
somewhat
defend
you
from
any
danger
of
your
Enemies
,
and
make
the
greatest
haste
towards
them
.
14.
If
you
can
learne
of
any
narrow
passage
between
two
great
Hils
,
or
betweene
some
great
Riuer
or
Wood
,
&
some
dangerous
Hill
,
or
some
other
dangerous
place
wherein
you
may
safely
rest
from
your
Enemies
,
make
haste
thither
.
15.
In
which
case
learne
very
diligently
whether
there
be
not
some
secret
place
in
the
same
place
of
your
quietnesse
,
whereunto
your
Enemies
getting
,
may
disturbe
your
quietnesse
;
and
if
there
be
cause
,
such
kindes
of
dangerous
places
,
to
be
either
well
warded
,
or
else
stopped
by
a
trane-ditch
,
or
by
another
good
way
.
16.
Also
learne
very
diligently
,
whether
your
Enemy
seeke
not
by
their
Horsemen
to
fetch
a
great
compasse
about
any
side
of
your
said
place
of
your
securitie
,
either
to
inclose
you
there
,
or
else
for
to
goe
before
you
to
some
place
of
their
aduantage
against
you
.
17.
In
which
case
,
if
your
Enemies
with
their
whole
Army
seeke
to
compasse
the
place
,
and
for
to
be
before
you
,
take
good
aduice
,
if
you
may
not
turne
that
their
practise
vnto
your
commoditie
,
by
some
new
inuention
.
Zenaphon
of
the
Graecians
retreat
from
Babylon
,
lib.
3.
As
first
,
for
to
returne
backe
againe
vnto
some
place
of
refuge
;
for
you
are
else
(
as
the
Graecians
)
to
seeke
another
way
not
suspected
of
your
Enemies
.
Or
else
to
returne
a
little
backe
to
giue
a
colour
to
your
Enemy
of
flying
away
,
so
to
draw
him
into
the
same
streight
to
follow
you
the
easier
in
his
opinion
,
and
to
returne
to
incounter
him
the
more
easely
.
18.
A
chiefe
,
or
else
a
notable
place
of
refuge
for
Flyers
,
is
to
flye
to
be
vnder
the
wings
,
or
safetie
of
some
Citie
,
or
else
strong
Fort
,
well
furnished
with
great
Ordnance
vpon
the
wals
;
it
is
able
to
shoot
ouer
your
flying
Army
into
the
Army
of
your
prosecuting
Enemy
,
and
so
hurt
him
,
to
his
great
danger
,
and
your
great
securitie
,
and
comfort
many
wayes
.
19.
If
you
flye
,
or
iourney
in
three
Battels
,
or
more
,
euery
Battell
must
alwayes
be
in
sight
of
the
next
before
or
behinde
,
in
such
order
,
that
the
one
be
alwayes
able
to
succour
the
other
(
in
case
it
be
inuaded
by
Enemies
)
so
Flying
,
or
Iournying
.
Otherwise
,
for
lacke
of
such
order
and
aide
,
one
may
be
discomfited
for
want
of
others
helpe
.
To
conclude
.
20.
If
Flying
,
your
Enemy
with
a
great
company
of
Horse
and
shot
,
inuade
your
hindermost
Battell
,
discharge
two
Peeces
of
Ordnance
vpon
them
,
or
more
,
which
will
coole
their
courage
,
and
will
likewise
by
their
roaring
and
thundering
noise
,
warne
your
other
Battels
to
make
Alt
or
stand
,
whereby
you
may
worke
your
will
.
Example
.
The
Landgraue
with
his
Germaine
great
Army
,
when
Charles
the
fift
Emperour
sent
a
great
company
of
shot
for
to
inuade
their
hindmost
Battell
,
and
to
stay
them
,
hee
caused
two
Culuerins
to
be
discharged
vpon
them
;
and
all
the
Army
staid
.
Thus
much
for
Flying
.
CHAP.
V.
How
a
Commander
or
Generall
must
auoid
Battell
,
and
when
accept
of
Fight
.
THe
wisedome
of
a
Generall
doth
best
appeare
in
the
auoiding
of
Fight
,
and
in
the
taking
of
opportunitie
to
fight
;
both
of
which
are
so
necessarie
in
the
Warres
,
that
the
one
cannot
be
without
the
other
:
but
which
of
these
for
a
time
are
first
to
be
vsed
,
and
for
a
time
laid
aside
,
resteth
in
the
wisedomes
of
a
wise
Generall
to
determine
.
Wisedome
willeth
you
to
begin
with
wars
,
when
you
see
your selfe
very
strongly
prepared
,
and
your
Enemies
contrariwise
altogether
weake
and
vnprouided
.
And
wisedome
willeth
you
,
as
you
begin
well
,
so
to
continue
your
warres
wisely
for
your
most
commoditie
.
In
warres
,
if
you
either
for
lacke
of
knowledge
,
or
by
negligence
,
or
else
by
pride
let
slip
most
apt
occasions
,
you
seldome
after
can
get
them
againe
.
To
let
slip
a
good
opportunitie
,
bringeth
both
repentance
,
shame
and
losse
also
.
Many
haue
felt
this
to
their
sorrow
.
Therefore
let
their
losses
admonish
you
to
let
nothing
slip
,
that
may
either
dispatch
your
warre
quicke
,
or
prolong
it
to
your
Enemies
losse
,
and
your
owne
aduantage
.
That
you
may
be
enabled
to
doe
this
,
take
these
Rules
for
your
direction
.
When
to
Fight
.
1.
If
your
Enemies
be
few
in
number
,
and
raw
Souldiers
,
ill
furnished
,
ill
willing
for
to
fight
,
and
not
fortified
by
place
:
if
you
abound
in
number
which
are
better
Souldiers
,
you
are
to
seeke
the
Battell
.
Vegetius
,
lib.
3.
2.
When
your
Enemies
aboundeth
in
all
things
,
and
therefore
auoideth
to
fight
,
and
where
you
want
of
prouision
,
and
your
Souldiers
lustie
,
and
desirous
of
Battell
;
there
you
may
seeke
Battell
.
Antony
at
Philippi
against
Cassius
and
Brutus
.
3.
Where
you
be
determined
to
seeke
the
Battell
,
make
good
choise
of
your
ground
where
you
be
to
fight
,
and
see
your selfe
in
perfect
order
and
direction
,
and
yet
seeke
all
aduantages
you
can
by
any
meanes
finde
out
.
Prosper
Colonno
against
the
Frenchmen
at
Bicocca
,
and
Bassan
.
4.
Though
you
abound
in
number
,
seeke
not
to
fight
rashly
,
neither
be
very
desirous
of
Battell
,
without
very
good
apparance
of
likelihood
of
victory
:
neither
fight
before
you
haue
intelligence
of
your
Enemies
strength
,
pollicies
,
and
orders
,
except
extreame
necessitie
compell
you
.
5.
Auoide
not
to
fight
with
one
great
Army
,
when
you
know
,
that
if
you
stay
,
you
shall
shortly
be
compelled
to
fight
with
two
great
Armies
.
This
was
well
foreseene
by
Claudius
Nero
,
and
as
well
executed
to
his
glory
.
Claudius
Nero
the
Roman
Consull
,
intercepting
Asdrubals
Letters
(
directed
to
his
brother
Hanibal
,
to
meet
him
at
Vmbra
,
to
ioyne
both
their
powers
together
,
for
the
subuersion
of
the
Romans
)
presently
vpon
the
reading
,
left
his
fellow
Consull
in
the
night
(
vnknowne
to
Haniball
)
and
with
six
thousand
foot
,
and
one
thousand
horse
,
came
to
Liuius
another
Roman
Consull
,
who
was
to
intercept
Asdruball
comming
from
the
Mountaines
into
Italie
,
and
there
ioyning
force
with
his
,
gaue
Battell
to
Asdruball
,
ouercame
him
,
and
slew
him
before
euer
Haniball
knew
of
his
being
in
Italie
.
Haniball
vpon
this
was
much
grieued
,
both
for
the
death
of
his
Brother
,
and
the
depriuation
of
his
power
,
and
remoued
into
the
fields
the
Brutians
.
And
for
that
hee
had
no
power
left
him
of
men
,
to
defend
his
Portresses
that
hee
held
,
being
so
farre
off
;
hee
gathered
together
all
the
Metapontancs
,
and
the
Lucanes
,
such
as
were
his
friends
;
and
brought
them
all
into
the
Countrie
of
the
Brutians
,
where
hee
remained
for
a
season
,
Counselling
what
were
best
for
him
to
doe
.
Thus
was
Haniball
brought
to
distresse
by
the
wisedome
of
one
man
,
taking
his
time
and
opportunitie
to
fight
.
Hauing
showne
you
when
to
Fight
;
now
let
me
shew
you
when
to
auoide
it
.
Auoide
Fight
vpon
these
occasions
:
When
to
auoide
fight
,
Where
you
by
deferring
the
Battell
are
to
finde
all
things
in
better
case
;
and
contrary
,
your
Enemies
are
to
lacke
,
and
loose
by
the
same
victuals
,
wages
,
good
will
or
friendship
,
you
are
to
auoid
Battell
.
Vegetius
,
lib.
3.
Where
you
abound
in
number
and
victuals
,
and
other
prouision
,
and
your
Enemy
wanteth
of
your
abundance
,
and
therefore
seeketh
to
fight
,
auoid
you
the
Battell
.
Cassius
and
Brutus
at
Philippi
,
against
Antony
and
Caesar
.
Where
the
Enemy
must
needs
dissolue
his
Army
shortly
,
if
he
fight
not
with
you
;
there
you
are
to
auoide
the
Battell
.
Pompey
at
Durazzo
against
Caesar
.
Where
you
are
in
danger
to
loose
a
Realme
,
or
two
,
if
you
loose
the
Battell
,
your
Enemies
are
in
danger
onely
to
loose
their
present
Army
:
Being
no
stronger
then
your
Enemies
,
seeke
not
to
fight
.
Hispani
.
Bell.
Verona
.
Where
your
Souldiers
and
Captaines
be
marueilously
vnwilling
to
fight
,
seeke
not
to
fight
.
Vegetius
lib.
3.
cap.
9.
Aluians
.
If
your
Enemies
be
poore
and
needy
,
beware
of
their
necessitie
;
for
alwaies
necessitie
makes
men
desperate
,
and
causeth
them
to
thinke
there
is
no
remedy
but
victory
in
fight
.
If
you
be
in
any
strong
place
,
so
planted
that
your
Enemy
cannot
fight
with
you
,
but
with
his
great
losse
,
seeke
not
to
fight
with
him
.
Prosper
Colonno
at
Bicocca
.
If
your
Enemy
be
so
placed
in
a
strong
Campe
,
seeke
not
there
to
fight
with
your
Enemy
.
Carolus
Caesar
in
Germany
.
Frenchmen
are
by
long
dalliance
and
time
to
be
deluded
,
because
they
be
hot
,
and
desirous
to
fight
when
they
be
fresh
,
and
eager
to
be
put
on
in
the
beginning
of
the
warres
;
afterwards
,
when
by
long
time
they
are
wearied
,
they
are
tractable
enongh
:
so
will
others
be
besides
Frenchmen
.
If
you
haue
warres
made
against
you
by
a
number
of
confederate
Princes
or
Magistrates
(
take
Caesars
counsell
)
deferre
the
Battell
for
a
time
,
and
weary
them
out
by
polliticke
vsage
.
Keepe
them
from
victuals
;
kill
all
such
as
goe
for
Forrage
,
or
any
other
purpose
;
make
many
Alarams
nightly
vpon
them
in
their
Campe
,
and
toyle
them
with
watches
and
sodaine
labours
:
By
this
meanes
you
shall
make
the
warres
seeme
loathsome
vnto
them
,
and
protract
it
the
longer
;
whereby
,
they
may
fall
into
dissention
one
with
another
:
for
such
a
number
of
Confederates
cannot
long
agree
,
but
that
some
quarrels
will
fall
out
betweene
them
,
or
else
some
grudges
;
so
that
some
may
be
deuided
from
the
other
by
some
kinde
of
perswasion
or
other
,
whereupon
you
may
,
if
you
thinke
good
,
giue
Battell
to
the
relinquished
:
or
chase
them
(
as
the
Imperials
did
the
French
out
of
Millan
)
with
light
skirmishes
.
For
the
better
performance
of
these
skirmishes
,
let
all
your
Souldiers
haue
the
perfect
vse
of
their
Armes
.
They
may
haue
the
perfect
vse
of
their
Armes
quickely
,
if
the
Seriants
doe
but
at
vacant
times
plye
and
exercise
them
.
FINIS
.