❧
Master
Thomas
Coriats
Commendations
to
his
friends
in
FromAgra
the
Capitall
City
of
the
Dominion
of
the
Great
MOGOLL
in
the
Easterne
India
,
the
last
of
October
,
1616.
Most
deare
and
welbeloued
Mother
,
THough
I
haue
superscribed
my
letter
from
Azmere
,
the
Court
of
the
greatest
Monarch
of
the
East
called
the
Great
Magoll
in
the
Eastern
India
,
which
I
did
to
this
end
,
that
those
that
haue
the
charge
of
conueiance
thereof
,
perceiuing
such
a
title
,
may
be
the
more
carefull
and
diligent
to
conuey
it
safely
to
your
hands
:
yet
in
truth
the
place
from
which
I
wrote
this
letter
is
Agra
,
a
City
in
the
said
Eastern
India
,
which
is
the
Metropolitan
of
the
whole
Dominion
of
the
foresaid
King
Mogol
,
&
10
daies
iourny
from
his
Court
at
the
said
Azmere
.
From
the
same
Azmere
I
departed
the
12
day
of
September
,
An.
1616
,
after
my
abode
there
12
moneths
&
60
daies
;
which
though
I
confesse
it
were
a
too
long
time
to
remaine
in
one
and
the
selfesame
place
,
yet
for
two
principall
causes
it
was
very
requisite
for
me
to
remaine
there
some
reasonable
time
:
first
to
learne
the
languages
of
those
Countries
,
through
which
I
am
to
passe
betwixt
the
bounds
of
the
Teritories
of
this
Prince
and
Christendome
,
namely
these
three
,
the
Persian
,
Turkish
,
and
Arab
:
which
I
haue
in
some
competent
measure
attained
vnto
by
my
labour
and
industry
at
the
said
Kings
Court
,
matters
as
auaileable
vnto
me
as
mony
in
my
purse
,
as
being
the
cheifest
or
rather
onely
meane
to
get
me
mony
if
I
should
happen
to
be
destitute
,
a
matter
very
incidentall
to
a
poore
Footman
Pilgrim
,
as
my selfe
in
these
heathen
and
Mahometan
Countries
through
which
I
trauell
:
Secondly
,
that
by
the
helpe
of
one
of
those
languages
,
I
meane
the
Persian
,
I
might
both
procure
vnto
my selfe
accesse
vnto
the
King
,
&
be
able
to
expresse
my
mind
vnto
him
about
the
matter
for
the
which
I
should
haue
occasion
to
discours
with
him
.
These
were
the
reasons
that
moued
me
so
long
to
tarry
at
the
Mogols
court
,
during
which
time
I
abode
in
the
house
of
the
English
Merchants
my
deare
Countrimen
,
not
spending
one
little
peece
of
mony
either
for
diet
,
washing
,
lodging
▪
or
any
other
thing
.
And
as
for
the
Persian
tongue
,
which
I
studied
very
earnestly
,
I
attained
to
that
reasonable
skill
,
and
that
in
a
fewe
moneths
,
that
I
made
an
Oration
vnto
the
King
before
many
of
his
Nobles
in
that
language
,
and
after
I
had
ended
the
same
,
discoursed
with
his
Maiesty
also
in
that
tongue
very
readily
&
familiarly
;
the
coppy
of
which
speech
,
though
the
tong
it selfe
wil
seem
to
an
Englishman
very
strange
&
vncuth
,
as
hauing
no
kind
of
affinity
with
any
of
our
Christian
languages
,
I
haue
for
nouelty
sake
written
out
in
this
letter
,
together
with
the
translation
thereof
in
English
,
that
you
may
shew
it
to
some
of
my
lerned
friends
of
the
Clergy
,
and
also
of
the
temporalty
in
Euil
,
and
elswere
,
who
belike
,
wil
take
some
pleasure
in
reading
so
rare
and
vnusuall
a
tongue
as
this
is
.
The
Persian
is
this
that
followeth
.
¶
The
Copie
of
an
Oration
that
I
made
in
the
Persian
tongue
,
to
the
great
Mogoll
,
before
diuers
of
his
Nobles
.
HAzaret
Aallum
pennah
salamet
,
fooker
Daruces
ve
tehaungeshta
hastamkemta
emadam
az
wellagets
door
,
ganne
az
mulk
Inglizan
:
ke
kessanaion
pet
heen
mushacas
cardand
ke
wellagets
,
mazcoor
der
akers
magrub
bood
,
ke
mader
hamma
rezzaerts
dunmast
.
Sabebbe
amadane
mari
mia
boosti
char
cheez
ast
auval
be
dedane
mobarreckdeedars
.
Hazaret
ke
seete
caramat
ba
hamma
Trankestan
reeseedast
ooba
tamam
mulk
Musulmanan
der
sheenedan
awsaffe
.
Hazaret
daueeda
amadam
be
deedane
astawne
akdas
musharaf
geshtam
duum
bray
deedane
feelhay
Hazaret
,
kin
chunm
ianooar
der
heech
mulk
ne
dedam
seu
in
bray
deedane
namwer
daryaee
shumma
Gauga
,
ke
Serdare
hamma
daryaha
dumiest
.
Chaharum
een
ast
,
keyec
fermawne
alishaion
amayet
fermoyand
,
ke
betwanam
der
wellay●tts
Vzbeck
raftan
ba
shahre
Samarcand
,
bray
Zeerat
cardan
cabbre
mobarrec
Saheb
crawncah
awsaffe
tang
oo
mosachere
oo
der
tamam
aallum
meshoor
ast
belkder
wellagette
Vzbec
eencader
meshoor
neest
chunan
che
der
malc
Inglisan
a
st
digr
,
bishare
eshteeac
daram
be
deedanc
mobarrec
mesare
Saheb
crawnca
bray
een
sabeb
,
che
awne
sama
n
che
focheer
de
shabr
stambol
boodam
,
ycaiaeb
cohua
amarat
deedam
dermean
yecush
bawg
nasdec
shaht
mascoor
coia
che
padshaw
Eezawiawn
che
namesh
Manuel
bood
che
Saheb
crawnca
cush
mehmannec
aseem
carda
bood
,
baad
as
gristane
Sulten
Baiasetra
as
iange
aseem
che
shuda
bood
nas
dec
shahre
Bursa
,
coimache
Saheb
crawn
Sultan
Baiasetra
de
Zenicera
tellaio
bestand
,
oo
der
cafes
nahadondeen
char
chees
meera
as
mulche
man
ium
baneed
tamia
,
as
mulc
.
Room
oo
Arrac
peeada
geshta
,
as
door
der
een
mulc
reseedam
,
che
char
hasar
pharsang
raw
darad
,
beshare
derd
oo
mohuet
casheedam
che
heech
ches
der
een
dunnia
een
cader
mohuet
ne
casheedast
bray
deeaune
mobarrec
dedare
Haseretet
awn
roos
che
be
tacte
shaugh
ne
shaughee
m●sharaf
fermoodand
.
The
English
of
it
is
this
.
LOrd
[
a
](A19381-e2750-b)
a
This
is
the
ordinary
title
that
is
giuen
him
by
all
strangers
Protector
of
the
world
all
haile
to
you
▪
I
am
a
poore
Traueller
and
world
seer
,
which
am
come
hither
from
a
farre
country
,
namely
England
,
which
auncient
Historians
thought
to
haue
been
scituated
in
the
farthest
bounds
of
the
West
,
and
which
is
the
Queene
of
all
the
Ilands
in
the
world
.
The
cause
of
my
comming
hither
is
for
foure
respects
.
First
to
see
the
blessed
face
of
your
Maiesty
,
whose
wonderfull
fame
hath
resounded
ouer
all
Europe
&
the
Mahometan
Countries
.
When
I
heard
of
the
fame
of
your
Maiesty
,
I
hastened
hither
with
speed
and
trauelled
very
cherefully
to
see
your
glorious
Court
.
Secondly
,
to
see
your
Maiesties
Elephants
,
which
kind
of
beasts
I
haue
not
seen
in
any
other
country
.
Thirdly
,
to
see
your
famous
Riuer
Ganges
,
which
is
the
Captaine
of
all
the
Rieuer
of
the
world
.
The
fourth
is
this
,
to
intreat
your
Maiesty
that
you
would
vouchsafe
to
grant
mee
your
gracious
Passe
that
I
may
trauell
into
the
Country
of
Tartaria
to
the
Citty
of
Samarcand
,
to
visit
the
blessed
Sepulcher
of
the
Lord
of
the
Corners
(
this
is
a
title
that
is
giuen
to
Tamberlaine
in
this
Country
in
that
Persian
language
,
and
wheras
they
call
him
the
Lord
of
the
Corners
,
by
that
they
meane
that
he
was
Lord
of
the
corners
of
the
world
,
that
is
,
the
highest
and
supreme
Monarch
of
the
Vniuerse
)
:
whose
fame
by
reason
of
his
warres
and
victories
,
is
published
ouer
the
whole
world
:
perhaps
he
is
not
altogether
so
famous
in
his
own
Country
of
Tartaria
,
as
in
England
.
Moreouer
,
I
haue
a
great
desire
to
see
the
blessed
Toombe
of
the
Lord
of
the
Corners
for
this
cause
;
for
that
when
I
was
at
Constantinople
,
I
saw
a
notable
old
building
in
a
pleasant
garden
neer
the
said
City
,
where
the
Christian
Emperor
that
was
called
Emanuell
made
a
sumptuous
great
Banquet
to
the
Lord
of
the
Corners
,
after
he
had
taken
Sultan
Batazet
in
a
great
battell
that
was
fought
neere
the
City
of
Bursia
,
where
the
Lord
of
the
Corners
bound
Sultan
Batazet
in
fetters
of
Gold
,
and
put
him
in
a
cage
of
Iron
.
These
4
causes
moued
me
to
come
out
of
my
natiue
Country
thus
farre
,
hauing
trauelled
a
foote
through
Turky
and
Persia
,
so
farre
haue
I
traced
the
world
into
this
Country
,
that
my
pilgrimage
hath
accomplished
three
thousand
miles
,
wherin
I
haue
sustained
much
labour
and
toile
,
the
like
wherof
no
mortall
man
in
this
World
did
euer
performe
to
see
the
blessed
face
of
your
Maiesty
since
the
first
day
that
you
were
inaugurated
in
your
glorious
Monarchall
throne
.
After
I
had
ended
my
speech
,
I
had
some
short
discourse
with
him
in
the
Persian
tongue
who
amongst
other
things
told
me
,
that
concerning
my
trauell
to
the
City
of
Samarcand
,
he
was
not
able
to
doe
me
any
good
,
because
there
was
no
great
amity
betwixt
the
Tartarian
Princes
and
himselfe
,
so
that
his
commendatory
letters
would
doe
me
no
good
.
Also
he
added
,
that
the
Tartars
did
so
deadly
hate
all
Christians
,
that
they
would
certainely
kill
them
when
they
came
into
their
Country
.
So
that
he
earnestly
diswaded
me
from
the
iourny
,
if
I
loued
my
life
and
welfare
;
at
last
he
concluded
his
discourse
with
me
by
a
sum
of
mony
that
he
threw
downe
from
a
windowe
through
which
he
looked
out
,
into
a
sheete
tied
vp
by
the
foure
corners
,
and
hanging
very
neer
the
ground
a
hundred
peeces
of
siluer
,
each
worth
two
shillings
sterling
,
which
counteruailed
ten
pounds
of
our
English
mony
:
this
busines
I
carried
so
secretly
by
the
help
of
my
Persian
,
that
neither
our
English
Ambassador
,
nor
any
other
of
my
Countrimen
(
sauing
one
speciall
,
priuate
,
&
intrinsical
friend
)
had
the
least
inkling
of
it
,
till
I
had
throughly
accomplished
my
designe
:
for
I
well
knew
that
our
Ambassador
▪
would
haue
stopped
and
Barracadocd
all
my
proceeding
therein
,
if
he
might
haue
had
any
notice
thereof
,
as
indeed
he
signified
vnto
me
after
I
had
effected
my
proiect
,
aleaging
this
forsooth
for
his
reason
why
he
would
haue
hindered
me
,
because
it
would
redound
some
what
to
the
dishonour
of
our
Nation
,
that
one
of
our
Countrey
should
present
himselfe
in
that
beggarly
and
poore
fashion
to
the
King
out
of
an
insinuating
humor
to
craue
mony
of
him
,
but
I
answered
our
Ambassador
in
that
stout
&
resolute
manner
after
I
had
ended
my
busines
,
that
he
was
contented
to
cease
nibling
at
me
,
neuer
had
I
more
need
of
mony
in
all
my
life
then
at
that
time
:
for
in
truth
I
had
but
twenty
shillings
sterling
left
in
my
purse
by
reason
of
a
mischance
I
had
in
one
of
the
Turkes
Cities
called
Emert
in
the
country
of
Mesopotamia
,
where
a
miscreant
Turke
stripped
me
of
almost
all
my
monies
,
according
as
I
wrote
vnto
you
in
a
very
large
letter
the
last
yeer
,
which
I
sent
from
the
Court
of
this
mighty
Monarch
by
one
of
my
Countrimen
that
went
home
by
Sea
in
an
English
shippe
laden
with
the
commodities
of
this
India
,
which
letter
I
hope
came
to
your
hands
long
since
.
After
I
had
been
with
the
King
,
I
went
to
a
certaine
noble
&
generous
Christian
of
the
Armenian
race
,
2
daies
iourny
from
the
Mogols
court
,
to
the
end
to
obserue
certain
remarkable
matters
in
the
same
place
,
to
whom
by
means
of
my
Persian
tongue
I
was
so
welcome
that
hee
entertained
me
with
very
ciuill
and
courteous
complement
,
and
at
my
departure
gaue
mee
very
bountifully
twenty
peeces
of
such
kind
of
mony
as
the
King
had
done
before
,
counteruailing
40
shillings
sterling
.
About
ten
daies
after
that
,
I
departed
from
Azmere
the
court
of
the
Mogol
Prince
,
to
the
end
to
begin
my
Pilgrimage
after
my
long
rest
of
fourteen
moneths
back
againe
into
Persia
,
at
what
time
our
Ambassador
gaue
mee
a
peece
of
Gold
of
this
Kings
Coine
worth
foure
and
twenty
shillings
,
which
I
will
saue
(
if
it
be
possible
)
till
my
ariuall
in
England
:
so
that
I
haue
receiued
for
beneuolences
since
I
came
into
this
country
twenty
markes
sterling
sauing
two
shillings
eight
pence
,
&
by
the
way
vppon
the
confines
of
Persia
alitle
before
I
came
into
this
country
three
and
thirty
shillings
foure
pence
in
Persian
mony
of
my
Lady
Sherly
:
at
this
present
I
haue
in
the
City
of
Agra
where
hence
I
wrote
this
letter
,
about
twelue
pounds
sterling
,
which
according
to
my
maner
of
liuing
vppon
the
way
at
two-pence
sterling
a
day
(
for
with
that
proportion
I
can
liue
pretty
well
,
such
is
the
cheapnes
of
all
eatable
things
in
Asia
,
drinkable
things
costing
nothing
,
for
seldome
doe
I
drinke
in
my
pilgrimage
any
other
liquor
then
pure
water
)
will
mainetaine
mee
very
competently
three
yeeres
in
my
trauell
with
meate
drinke
and
clothes
.
Of
these
gratuities
which
haue
been
giuen
me
willingly
,
would
I
send
you
some
part
as
a
demonstration
of
the
filiall
loue
and
affection
which
euery
child
bred
in
ciuility
and
humility
ought
to
performe
to
his
louing
and
good
mother
:
but
the
distance
of
space
betwixt
this
place
and
England
,
the
hazard
of
mens
liues
in
so
long
a
ioureny
,
and
also
the
infidelity
of
many
men
,
who
though
they
liue
to
come
home
,
are
vnwilling
to
render
an
account
of
the
things
they
haue
receiued
,
doe
not
a
little
discourage
me
to
send
any
precious
token
vnto
you
;
but
if
I
liue
to
come
one
day
to
Constantinople
againe
(
for
thither
doe
I
resolue
to
goe
once
more
by
the
grace
of
Christ
,
and
therehence
to
take
my
passage
by
land
into
Christendom
ouer
renouned
Greece
)
I
wil
make
choice
of
some
substantial
&
faithfull
Countriman
,
by
whom
I
will
send
some
prety
token
as
an
expression
of
my
dutifull
and
obedient
respect
vnto
you
.
I
haue
not
had
the
oppertunity
to
see
the
King
of
Persia
as
yet
since
I
came
into
this
country
,
but
I
haue
resolued
to
goe
to
him
when
I
come
next
into
his
Territories
,
and
to
search
him
out
wheresoeuer
I
can
find
him
in
his
Kingdome
;
for
seeing
I
can
discourse
with
him
in
his
Persian
tongue
,
I
doubt
not
but
that
going
vnto
him
in
the
forme
of
a
Pilgrime
,
he
will
not
onely
entertaine
me
with
good
words
,
but
also
bestow
some
worthy
reward
vpon
me
beseeming
his
dignity
and
person
;
for
which
cause
I
am
prouided
before
hand
with
an
excellent
thing
written
in
the
Persian
tongue
that
I
meane
to
present
vnto
him
:
and
thus
I
hope
to
get
beneuolences
of
worthy
persons
to
maintaine
me
in
a
competent
maner
in
my
whole
pilgrimage
till
I
come
into
England
,
which
I
hold
to
be
as
laudable
&
a
more
secure
course
then
if
I
did
continually
carry
store
of
mony
about
mee
.
In
the
letter
which
I
wrote
vnto
you
by
an
English
ship
the
last
yeere
,
I
made
relation
vnto
you
both
of
my
iourny
from
the
once
holy
Hierusalem
hither
and
of
the
state
of
this
Kings
Court
,
and
the
Customes
of
this
Country
,
therfore
I
hold
it
superfluous
to
repeat
the
same
things
againe
,
but
what
the
countryes
are
,
that
I
meane
to
see
betwixt
this
and
Christendome
,
and
how
long
time
I
will
spend
in
each
country
,
I
am
vnwilling
to
aduertise
you
of
at
this
present
,
desiring
rather
to
signify
that
vnto
you
after
I
haue
performed
my
designe
then
before
;
howbeit
in
few
words
,
I
will
tell
you
of
certaine
Cities
of
great
renown
in
former
times
,
but
now
partly
ruined
,
that
I
resolue
(
by
Gods
help
)
to
see
in
Asia
,
where
I
now
am
,
namely
ancient
Babilon
&
Nymrods
Tower
,
some
few
miles
from
Niniue
,
&
in
the
same
the
Sepulcher
of
the
Prophet
Ionas
,
spacious
&
goodly
;
Caire
in
Egypt
,
heretofore
Memphis
,
vpon
the
famous
Riuer
Nilus
,
where
Moises
,
Aron
,
&
the
children
of
Israel
liued
with
king
Pharaoh
,
whose
ruined
Palace
is
shewed
there
til
this
day
,
&
a
world
of
other
mouable
things
as
memorable
as
any
City
of
the
whole
world
yeeldeth
,
sauing
only
Ierusalem
:
but
in
none
of
these
or
any
other
Cities
of
note
do
I
determin
to
linger
as
I
haue
done
in
other
places
,
as
in
Constantinople
,
and
Azmere
,
in
this
Easterne
India
,
onely
some
few
daies
will
I
tarry
in
a
principall
city
of
fame
,
to
obserue
euery
principal
matter
there
and
so
be
gone
.
In
this
City
of
Agra
where
I
am
now
,
I
am
to
remaine
about
six
weekes
longer
,
to
the
end
to
expect
an
excellent
oportunity
,
which
then
will
offer
it selfe
vnto
me
to
goe
to
the
famous
Riuer
Ganges
,
about
fiue
daies
iourny
from
this
,
to
see
a
memorable
meeting
of
the
gentle
people
of
this
country
called
Baieans
,
whereof
about
foure
hundred
thousand
people
go
thither
of
purpose
to
bathe
and
shaue
themselues
in
the
Riuer
,
and
to
sacrifice
a
world
of
gold
to
the
same
Riuer
,
partly
in
stamped
mony
,
&
partly
in
massy
great
lumpes
and
wedges
,
throwing
it
into
the
Riuer
as
a
sacrifice
,
and
doing
other
strange
Ceremonies
most
worthy
the
obseruation
,
such
a
notable
spectacle
it
is
,
that
no
part
of
all
Asia
,
neither
this
which
is
called
the
great
Asia
,
nor
the
lesser
,
which
is
now
called
Natolia
,
the
like
is
to
be
seen
;
this
shew
doe
they
make
once
euery
yeere
,
comming
thither
from
places
almost
a
thousand
miles
off
,
and
honour
their
Riuer
as
their
God
,
Creator
,
and
Sauiour
;
superstition
and
impiety
most
abominable
in
the
highest
degree
of
these
brutish
Ethnicks
,
that
are
aliens
from
Christ
&
the
common-wealth
of
Israel
.
After
I
haue
seen
this
shew
,
I
wil
with
all
expedition
repaire
to
the
city
of
Lahore
,
twenty
daies
iourny
from
this
and
so
into
Persia
by
the
helpe
of
my
blessed
Christ
.
Thus
haue
I
imported
vnto
you
some
good
accidents
that
happened
vnto
me
since
I
wrote
a
letter
vnto
you
the
last
yeere
from
the
Kings
Court
,
&
some
litle
part
of
my
resolution
for
the
disposing
of
a
part
of
my
time
of
abode
in
Asia
:
Therefore
now
I
will
draw
to
a
conclusion
;
the
time
I
cannot
limit
when
I
shall
come
home
,
but
as
my
mercifull
God
and
Sauiour
shall
dispose
of
it
.
A
long
rabble
of
commendations
like
to
that
which
I
wrote
in
my
last
letter
to
you
I
hold
not
so
requisite
to
make
at
this
present
:
Therefore
with
remembrance
of
some
fewe
friends
names
,
I
will
shut
vp
my
present
Epistle
.
I
pray
you
recommend
me
first
in
Odcombe
to
Master
Gollop
,
and
euery
good
body
of
his
family
,
if
he
liueth
yet
,
to
Master
Berib
,
his
wife
and
all
his
Family
,
to
all
the
Knights
,
William
Chunt
,
Iohn
Selly
,
Hugh
Donne
,
and
their
wiues
,
to
Master
Atkins
&
his
wife
at
Norton
,
I
pray
commend
me
in
Euill
to
these
,
to
old
Mr
Seward
if
he
liueth
,
his
wife
and
children
;
the
poore
Widow
Darby
,
old
Master
Dyer
,
and
his
Sonne
Iohn
,
Master
Ewins
old
and
young
with
their
wiues
,
Master
Phelpes
and
his
wife
,
Master
Starre
and
his
wife
,
with
the
rest
of
my
good
friends
there
,
(
I
had
almost
forgotten
your
husband
)
to
him
also
,
to
Ned
Barber
and
his
wife
,
to
William
Ienings
:
commend
me
also
I
pray
you
,
&
that
with
respectfull
and
dutifull
termes
to
the
godly
and
reuerent
fraternitie
of
Preachers
that
euery
second
Friday
meet
at
a
religious
exercise
at
Euill
,
at
the
least
if
that
exercise
doth
continue
,
pray
read
this
letter
to
them
,
for
I
thinke
they
wil
be
well
pleased
with
it
by
reason
of
the
nouelties
of
things
.
And
so
finally
I
commit
you
and
all
them
to
the
blessed
protection
of
Almighty
God
.
From
Agra
the
Capitall
of
the
Dominion
of
the
great
Mogoll
in
the
Easterne
India
the
last
of
October
1616.
Your
dutifull
louing
and
obedient
Sonne
,
now
a
desolate
Pilgrim
in
the
World
.
THOMAS
CORIAT
.
❧
The
Copy
of
a
speech
that
J
made
to
a
Mahometan
in
the
Italian
tongue
.
THe
Coppy
of
a
speech
that
I
made
extempore
in
the
Italian
tongue
to
a
Mahometan
at
a
Citie
called
Moltan
in
the
Easterne
India
,
two
daies
iourny
beyond
the
famous
Riuer
Indus
,
which
I
haue
passed
,
against
Mahomet
and
his
accursed
Religion
,
vpon
the
occasion
of
a
discurtesie
offered
vnto
mee
by
the
said
Mahometan
in
calling
me
Gtaur
,
that
is
infidell
,
by
reason
that
I
was
a
Christian
:
the
reason
why
I
spake
to
him
in
Italian
,
was
because
he
vnderstood
it
,
hauing
been
taken
slaue
for
many
yeeres
since
by
certaine
Florentines
in
a
Gally
wherein
hee
passed
from
Constantinople
towards
Alexandra
,
but
being
by
them
interrupted
by
the
way
,
he
was
carried
to
a
Citie
called
Ligorne
in
the
Duke
of
Florences
Dominions
,
where
after
two
yeeres
he
had
learned
good
Italian
,
but
he
was
an
Indian
borne
and
brought
vp
in
the
Mahometan
Religion
.
I
pronounced
the
speech
before
an
hundred
people
,
whereof
none
vnderstood
it
but
himselfe
,
but
hee
afterward
told
the
meaning
of
some
part
of
it
as
far
as
he
could
remember
it
to
some
of
the
others
also
.
If
I
had
spoken
thus
much
in
Turky
,
or
Persia
against
Mahomet
they
would
haue
rosted
me
vpon
a
spitt
;
but
in
the
Mogols
Dominions
a
Christian
may
speake
much
more
freely
then
hee
can
in
any
other
Mahometan
Country
in
the
world
.
The
speech
was
this
as
I
afterward
translated
it
into
English
.
But
I
pray
thee
tell
me
thou
Mahometan
,
dost
thou
in
sadnes
call
me
Giaur
?
that
I
doe
quoth
he
,
then
(
quoth
I
)
in
very
sobersadnes
I
retort
that
shamefull
word
in
thy
throate
,
and
tell
thee
plainly
that
I
am
a
Musulman
and
thou
art
a
Giaur
:
For
by
that
Arab
word
Musulman
thou
dost
vnderstand
that
which
cannot
be
properly
applied
to
a
Mahometan
but
onely
to
a
Christian
,
so
that
I
doe
consequently
inferre
that
there
are
two
kindes
of
Muselmen
,
the
one
an
Orthomusulman
,
that
is
a
true
Musulman
which
is
a
Christian
&
the
other
a
Pseudo-musulman
that
is
a
false
Musulman
which
is
a
Mahometan
.
What
,
thy
Mahomet
was
from
whom
thou
dost
deriue
thy
Religion
,
assure
thy selfe
I
know
better
then
any
one
of
the
Mahometans
amongst
many
millions
:
yea
all
the
particular
circumstances
of
his
life
and
death
,
his
Nation
,
his
Parentage
,
his
driuing
Camels
through
Egipt
,
iria
,
and
Palestina
,
the
marriage
of
his
Mistris
,
by
whose
death
he
raised
himselfe
from
a
very
base
and
contemtible
estate
to
great
honor
and
riches
,
his
manner
of
cozening
the
sottish
people
of
Arabia
,
partly
by
a
tame
Pigeon
that
did
fly
to
his
eare
for
meat
,
and
partly
by
a
tame
Bull
that
hee
fed
by
hand
euery
pay
,
with
the
rest
of
his
actions
both
in
peace
and
warre
:
I
know
aswell
as
if
I
had
liued
in
his
time
,
or
had
beene
one
of
his
neighbours
in
Mecca
,
the
truth
whereof
if
thou
didst
know
aswell
,
I
am
perswaded
thou
wouldest
spit
in
the
face
of
thy
Alcaron
,
and
trample
it
vnder
thy
feete
,
and
bury
it
vnder
a
Iaxe
,
a
booke
of
that
strange
and
weake
matter
,
that
I
my selfe
(
as
meanely
as
thou
dost
see
me
attired
now
)
haue
already
written
two
better
bookes
(
God
be
thanked
)
and
will
hereafter
this
,
(
by
Gods
gratious
permission
)
write
another
better
and
truer
,
yea
I
wold
haue
thee
know
(
thou
Mahometan
)
that
in
that
renouned
Kingdome
of
England
where
I
was
borne
,
learning
doth
so
flourish
,
that
there
are
many
thousand
boies
of
sixteene
yeeres
of
age
▪
that
are
able
to
make
a
more
learned
booke
then
thy
Alcaron
,
neither
was
it
(
as
thou
and
the
rest
of
you
Mahometans
doe
generally
beleue
)
composed
wholy
by
Mahomet
,
for
hee
was
of
so
dull
a
wit
,
as
he
was
not
able
to
make
it
without
the
helpe
of
another
,
namely
a
certaine
Renegado
Monke
of
Constantinople
,
called
Sergis
.
So
that
his
Alcoran
was
like
an
arrow
drawne
out
of
the
quiuer
of
another
man
.
I
perceiue
thou
dost
wonder
to
see
me
so
much
inflamed
with
anger
,
but
I
would
haue
thee
consider
it
is
not
without
great
cause
I
am
so
moued
,
for
what
greter
indignity
can
there
be
offered
to
a
Christian
which
is
an
Arthomusulman
,
them
to
be
called
Giaur
by
a
Giaur
:
for
Christ
(
whose
Religion
I
professe
)
is
of
that
incomparable
dignity
,
that
as
thy
Mahomet
is
not
worthy
to
bee
named
that
yeere
wherein
my
blessed
Christ
is
,
so
neither
is
his
Alcoron
worthy
to
be
named
that
yeere
wherein
the
[
*
](A19381-e4240-b)
*
This
doe
all
Mahometans
call
our
Gospell
or
the
History
of
our
Saniour
,
written
by
the
foure
Evangelists
.
Iuieel
of
my
Christ
is
.
I
haue
obserued
among
the
Mahometans
such
a
foolish
forme
of
praier
euer
since
my
departure
from
Spahan
,
(
which
I
confesse
was
no
nouelty
vnto
me
,
for
that
I
had
obserued
the
like
before
both
in
Constantinople
and
diuers
other
Turkish
cities
)
that
what
with
your
vain
repetions
&
diuers
other
prophane
fooleries
contained
therein
▪
I
am
certaine
your
praiers
doe
euen
stinke
before
God
,
and
are
of
no
more
force
then
the
cry
of
thy
Camell
when
thou
doest
lade
or
vnlade
him
:
But
the
praiers
of
Christians
haue
so
preuailed
with
God
,
that
in
time
of
drought
they
haue
obtained
conuenient
aboundance
of
raine
,
and
in
time
of
pestilence
a
suddaine
cessation
from
the
plague
,
such
an
effect
of
holy
and
feruent
praier
as
neuer
did
the
[
*
](A19381-e4280-b)
*
Words
that
the
Mahometans
doe
often
repeat
in
their
praiers
.
Scofferalahs
,
or
the
Allamissel
alow
of
any
Mahometan
produce
:
yet
must
wee
,
whose
praiers
like
a
sweete
smelling
sacrifice
are
acceptable
to
God
,
be
esteemed
Giaurs
by
those
whose
praiers
are
odious
vnto
his
Diuine
Maiestie
:
O
times
!
O
maners
!
Now
as
I
haue
told
thee
the
difference
betwixt
the
effect
of
our
Christian
&
your
Mahometan
praiers
,
so
I
pray
thee
obserue
another
difference
betwixt
you
&
vs
,
that
I
will
presently
intimate
vnto
thee
:
thou
by
the
obseruation
of
the
Law
of
thy
rediculous
Alcaron
dost
hope
for
Paradice
,
wherein
thy
Master
Mahomet
hath
promised
Riuers
of
Rice
,
and
to
Virgins
the
imbracing
of
Angels
vnder
the
shaddowe
of
spacious
Trees
,
though
in
truth
that
Paradice
be
nothing
else
then
a
filthy
quagmire
so
full
of
stincking
dung-hils
that
a
man
cannot
walke
two
spaces
there
but
he
shall
stumble
at
a
dung-hill
and
defile
himselfe
,
but
where
this
Paradice
is
,
not
one
amongst
a
thousand
of
you
knoweth
,
therefore
I
will
tell
thee
,
it
standeth
in
a
Country
scituate
betwixt
Heauen
and
Earth
called
Vtopia
,
whereof
there
is
mention
in
the
third
book
of
thy
Alcaron
and
in
the
seuen
and
thirty
Asaria
,
but
expressed
with
those
misticall
and
obscure
termes
that
is
very
difficult
to
vnderstand
it
,
for
this
Vtopian
Paradice
I
say
as
the
reward
of
al
your
superstitious
mumbling
in
your
praiers
,
and
the
often
ducking
downe
of
your
heads
when
you
kisse
the
ground
,
with
such
a
deuoute
humilitie
forsooth
,
doe
you
Mahometans
hope
in
another
world
:
But
wee
Christians
hope
to
liue
with
God
and
his
blessed
Angels
for
euer
and
euer
in
Heauen
,
as
being
a
proper
and
pecullar
inheritance
purchased
vnto
vs
by
the
precious
blood
of
our
Christ
,
yet
must
wee
be
reputed
Giaurs
by
those
that
are
Giaurs
?
One
thing
more
will
tell
thee
(
O
thou
Mahometan
)
and
so
I
will
conclude
this
tedious
speech
,
whereunto
thy
discurtious
calling
of
me
Giaur
hath
inforced
mee
,
and
I
prethee
obserue
this
my
conclusion
.
Learning
(
which
is
the
most
precious
Iewell
that
man
hath
in
this
life
,
by
which
he
attaineth
to
the
knowledge
of
diuine
and
humane
things
)
commeth
to
man
either
by
reuelation
which
we
otherwise
cal
inspiration
,
or
by
industry
:
Learning
by
reuelation
I
cal
that
which
God
doth
infuse
from
aboue
by
his
special
grace
,
vnto
those
whom
he
will
vse
as
the
instruments
of
his
glory
,
who
without
labour
or
trauell
doe
aspire
to
a
most
eminent
degree
of
knowledge
.
Learning
by
industry
I
call
it
that
which
a
man
doth
purchase
to
himselfe
by
continuall
writing
and
reading
,
by
practise
and
meditation
:
now
by
neither
of
these
meanes
haue
the
Mahometans
acquired
any
meane
,
much
lesse
any
singular
learning
,
for
as
Mahomet
himselfe
was
a
man
of
a
very
superficiall
and
meane
learning
,
so
neuer
was
there
any
one
of
his
Disciples
in
any
part
of
the
world
that
was
indued
with
any
profound
knowledge
▪
but
wee
Christians
by
the
one
and
the
other
meane
,
haue
attained
to
the
most
exquisite
science
that
can
be
incident
to
man
:
[
*
](A19381-e4430-b)
*
I
mean
the
blessed
Apostles
of
our
Sauiour
.
some
of
our
men
that
neuer
were
brought
vp
in
Studies
hauing
been
so
expert
in
a
generall
learning
(
onely
by
Gods
speciall
illumination
)
as
those
haue
spent
forty
yeeres
in
the
practise
thereof
,
and
others
by
continuall
practise
of
writing
and
reading
,
haue
beene
so
excellent
,
that
they
became
the
very
Lampes
and
Stars
of
the
Countries
wherein
they
liued
.
These
things
being
so
,
it
cannot
possible
come
to
passe
that
the
omnipotent
God
should
deale
so
partially
with
mankind
as
to
reueale
his
will
to
a
people
altogether
misled
in
ignorance
and
blindnes
as
you
Mahometans
are
,
and
conceale
it
from
vs
Christians
that
bestowe
all
our
life
time
in
the
practise
of
diuine
and
humane
disciplines
,
and
in
the
ardent
inuocation
of
Gods
holy
name
with
all
sincerity
and
purity
of
heart
?
Goe
to
then
thou
Pseu-domusulman
,
that
is
,
thou
false-beleeuer
,
since
by
thy
iniurious
imputation
laid
vpon
mee
,
in
that
thou
calledst
mee
Giaur
,
thou
hast
prouoked
mee
to
speake
thus
.
I
pray
thee
let
this
mine
answere
be
a
warning
for
thee
not
to
scandalize
mee
in
the
like
manner
any
more
,
for
the
Christian
Religion
which
I
professe
,
is
so
deare
and
tender
vnto
mee
that
neither
thou
nor
any
other
Mahometan
shal
scotfree
call
me
Giaur
,
but
that
I
will
quit
you
with
an
answer
muchto
the
wonder
of
those
Mahometans
▪
I
pray
you
Mother
expect
no
more
letters
from
me
after
this
till
my
arriuall
in
Christendom
,
because
I
haue
resolued
to
write
no
more
while
I
am
in
the
Mahometans
Countries
,
thinking
that
it
will
be
a
farre
greater
comfort
both
to
you
and
to
all
my
friends
whatsoeuer
,
to
heare
newes
that
I
haue
accomplished
my
trauelles
in
Mahometisme
,
then
that
I
am
comming
vp
and
down
,
to
and
fro
in
the
same
,
without
any
certainty
of
an
issue
therof
;
therfore
I
pray
haue
patience
for
a
time
:
about
two
yeers
and
a
halfe
hence
I
hope
to
finish
these
Mahometan
trauelles
,
and
then
either
from
the
Citie
of
Raguzi
in
Sclauonia
which
is
a
Christian
Citie
and
the
first
we
enter
into
Christendome
,
from
those
parts
of
Turky
by
Land
nere
vnto
the
same
or
,
from
famous
Venice
,
I
will
very
dutifully
remember
you
againe
with
lines
full
of
filiall
piety
and
officious
respect
.
I
haue
written
two
letters
to
my
Vncle
Williams
since
I
came
forth
of
England
and
no
more
,
whereof
one
from
the
Mogols
Court
the
last
yeere
,
iust
at
the
same
time
that
I
wrote
vnto
you
;
and
another
now
,
which
I
sent
●ointly
by
the
same
Messenger
that
carried
yours
out
of
India
by
Sea
.
Once
more
I
recommend
you
and
all
our
hearty
wel-willers
&
friends
to
the
gratious
tuition
of
the
Lord
of
Hosts
;
I
pray
you
remember
my
duty
to
Master
Hancoke
that
reuerend
and
Apostolicall
good
old
man
,
and
his
wife
,
if
they
are
yet
liuing
;
to
their
Sonnes
Thomas
and
Iohn
,
and
their
Wiues
.
FINIS
.