WHo
someuer
desyreth
to
be
a
good
Oratour
or
to
dyspute
and
commune
of
any
maner
thynge
/
hym
behoueth
to
haue
foure
thinges
.
¶
The
fyrst
is
called
Inuencion
/
for
he
must
fyrst
of
all
imagin
or
Inuent
in
his
mynde
what
he
shall
say
.
¶
The
seconde
is
named
Iugement
.
For
he
must
haue
wyt
to
deserue
&
iuge
whether
tho
thynges
that
he
hath
founde
in
his
mynde
be
conuenient
to
the
purpose
or
nat
.
For
oftentymes
yf
a
man
lacke
this
property
/
he
may
aswell
tell
that
that
is
against
hym
as
with
hym
/
as
experience
doth
dayly
shew
.
¶
The
thyrde
is
Disposicion
/
wherby
he
may
know
how
to
order
and
set
euery
thynge
in
his
due
place
/
leest
thoughe
his
inuencion
and
iugement
be
neuer
so
good
/
he
may
happen
to
be
counted
(
as
the
comon
prouerbe
sayth
)
to
put
the
carte
afore
the
horse
.
¶
The
fourth
&
last
is
suche
thynges
as
he
hath
inuented
:
and
by
Iugement
knowen
apte
to
his
purpose
whan
they
are
set
in
theyr
order
so
to
speke
them
that
it
may
be
pleasaunt
and
delectable
to
the
audience
/
so
that
it
may
be
sayd
of
hym
that
hystories
make
mencion
that
an
olde
woman
sayd
ones
by
Demosthenes
/
&
syns
hath
ben
a
comon
prouerbe
amonge
the
Grekes
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
which
is
as
moche
to
say
as
(
This
is
he
)
And
this
last
property
is
called
among
lerned
men
(
Eloquence
.
¶
Of
these
foure
the
moost
difficile
or
harde
is
to
inuent
what
thou
must
say
/
wherfore
of
this
parte
the
Rethoricieus
whiche
be
maisters
of
this
Arte
:
haue
writen
very
moche
&
diligently
.
¶
Inuencion
is
comprehended
in
certayn
places
/
as
the
Rhetoricieus
call
them
/
out
of
whom
he
that
knoweth
the
faculty
may
fetche
easely
suche
thynges
as
be
mete
for
the
mater
that
he
shall
speke
of
/
which
the
Oratours
calleth
the
Theme
/
and
in
our
vulgare
tongue
it
is
called
improperly
the
Anthethem
.
¶
The
theme
purposed
:
we
must
after
the
rules
of
Rhetorique
go
to
our
places
that
shall
anon
shew
vnto
vs
what
shall
be
to
our
purpose
.
¶
Example
.
IN
olde
tyme
there
was
greate
enuy
betwene
two
noble
men
of
Rome
/
of
whom
the
one
was
called
Milo
/
&
the
other
Clodius
/
which
malice
grew
so
ferre
that
Clodius
layd
wayte
for
Milo
on
a
season
whan
he
sholde
ryde
out
of
the
Citie
/
and
in
his
iourney
set
vpon
hym
/
and
there
as
it
chaunced
:
Clodius
was
slayne
/
where
vpon
this
Clodius
frendes
accused
Milo
to
the
Cenate
of
murder
.
Tully
whiche
in
tho
days
was
a
great
Aduocate
in
Rome
sholde
plede
Miloes
cause
.
Now
it
was
open
that
Milo
had
slayne
Clodius
/
but
whether
he
had
slayn
hym
laufully
or
nat
was
the
double
.
So
than
the
Theme
of
Tullies
oracion
or
plee
for
Milo
was
this
/
that
he
had
slayne
Clodius
laufully
/
and
therfore
he
ought
nat
to
be
punisshed
/
for
the
confirmacion
wherof
(
as
dothe
appere
in
Tullies
oracion
)
he
dyd
brynge
out
of
places
of
Rhetoryque
argumentes
to
proue
his
sayd
Theme
or
purpose
.
And
likewyse
must
we
do
whan
we
haue
any
mater
to
speke
or
comun
of
.
As
if
I
sholde
make
an
oracion
to
the
laude
&
prayse
of
the
Kynges
highnes
:
I
must
for
the
Inuencyon
of
suche
thynges
as
be
for
my
purpose
go
to
places
of
Rhetorique
/
where
I
shall
casely
finde
(
after
I
know
the
rules
)
that
that
I
desyre
.
¶
Here
is
to
be
noted
that
there
is
no
Theme
but
it
is
conteyned
vnder
one
of
the
foure
causes
/
or
for
the
more
playnnes
foure
kyndes
of
Oracions
.
¶
The
fyrste
is
called
Logycall
/
whyche
kinde
we
call
properly
disputacion
.
¶
The
seconde
is
called
Demonstratiue
.
¶
The
thyrde
Deliberatiue
.
¶
The
fourth
Iudiciall
/
and
these
thre
last
be
properly
called
spices
or
kyndes
of
oracions
/
whose
natures
shall
be
declared
seperately
hereafter
with
the
crafte
that
is
required
in
euery
of
them
.
All
themes
that
perteine
to
Logike
either
they
be
simple
or
compounde
.
As
yf
a
man
desyre
to
know
of
me
what
Iustice
is
.
This
onely
thig
Iustice
is
my
theme
.
Or
if
disputacion
be
had
in
company
vpon
religion
/
and
I
wolde
declare
the
very
nature
of
religion
/
my
theme
shulde
be
this
simple
or
one
thynge
religion
.
But
yf
it
be
doubted
whether
Iustyce
be
a
vertue
or
nat
/
and
I
wolde
proue
the
parte
affyrmatyue
/
my
theme
were
now
compounde
/
that
is
to
say
/
Iustice
is
a
vertue
/
for
it
is
made
of
two
thynges
knyt
and
vn●…ed
togither
/
Iustice
and
vertue
.
¶
Here
must
be
noted
that
Logike
is
a
playn
&
a
sure
way
to
instruct
a
man
of
the
trouth
of
euery
thynge
/
&
that
in
it
the
natures
/
causes
/
partes
/
&
effectes
of
thynges
are
by
certayne
rules
discussed
&
serched
out
/
so
that
nothing
can
be
perfectly
&
properly
knowen
but
by
rules
of
Logike
/
which
is
nothing
but
an
obseruacyon
/
or
a
dylygent
markynge
of
nature
.
whereby
in
euery
thynge
mannes
reason
dothe
consyder
what
is
fyrste
/
what
last
/
what
proper
/
what
improper
.
¶
The
places
or
instrumentes
of
a
simple
theme
are
.
-
The
diffinicion
of
the
thynge
.
-
The
causes
.
-
The
partes
.
-
The
effectes
.
¶
Example
.
If
thou
enquire
what
thig
Iustice
is
/
whereof
it
cometh
/
what
partes
is
hath
/
&
what
is
the
office
or
effect
of
euery
parte
/
than
hast
thou
diligently
serched
out
the
hole
nature
of
Iustice
/
&
handeled
thy
simple
theme
accordyng
to
the
preceptis
of
Logicians
/
to
whom
our
auctour
leueth
suche
mats
to
be
discussed
of
them
/
howbeit
somwhat
the
Rhetoricians
haue
to
do
with
the
simple
theme
/
&
asmoche
as
shall
be
for
theyr
entent
he
wyll
shew
hereafter
.
For
many
tymes
the
oratour
must
vse
bothe
diffinicions
&
diuisions
.
But
as
they
be
in
Logike
playne
and
compendiouse
/
so
are
they
in
Rhetorike
extended
&
paynted
with
many
figures
&
ornamentis
belongyng
to
the
science
.
Neuertheles
to
satisfie
the
reders
mynde
/
&
to
alleuiate
the
tediousnes
of
serchynge
these
places
/
I
wyll
open
the
maner
and
facion
of
the
handelyng
of
the
theme
aforsayd
as
playnly
as
I
can
/
after
the
preceptes
of
Logike
.
¶
First
to
serche
out
the
perfite
knowlege
of
Iustice
:
I
go
to
my
fyrst
place
distinict
on
/
&
fetche
from
Aristotle
in
his
Ethius
the
Diffinicion
of
Iustice
/
which
is
this
.
¶
Iustice
is
a
morall
vertue
/
wherby
men
be
the
werkers
of
rightfull
thynges
(
that
is
to
saye
)
whereby
they
bothe
loue
&
also
do
suche
thynges
as
be
iust
.
This
done
:
I
serche
the
causes
of
Iustice
(
that
is
to
say
)
from
whens
it
toke
the
fyrst
begynnyng
/
and
bycause
that
it
is
a
morall
vertue
:
and
Plato
in
the
ende
of
his
Dialogue
Menon
concludeth
that
all
vertue
cometh
of
god
:
I
am
assured
that
god
is
the
chief
cause
of
Iustice
:
declaryng
it
to
the
worlde
by
his
Instrument
mannes
wyt
/
whiche
the
same
Plato
affyrmeth
in
the
begynnyng
of
his
lawes
.
The
Diffinicion
and
cause
had
:
I
come
to
the
thyrde
place
called
partes
to
knowe
whether
there
be
but
one
kynde
of
Iustice
or
els
many
.
And
for
this
purpose
I
fynde
that
Arystotle
in
the
fyfte
of
his
Ethikes
deuideth
Iustice
in
two
speces
or
kyndes
.
One
that
he
calleth
Iustice
legitime
or
legal
/
an
other
that
he
called
Equite
.
¶
Iustice
legall
is
that
that
consysteth
in
the
superiours
whiche
haue
power
for
to
make
or
statute
lawes
to
the
iferiours
.
And
the
office
or
ende
of
this
Iustice
is
to
make
suche
lawes
as
be
bothe
good
and
accordynge
to
right
and
conscience
/
&
than
to
declare
them
/
&
whan
they
are
made
&
publisshed
as
they
ought
to
be
/
to
se
that
they
be
put
in
vre
/
for
what
auaileth
it
to
make
neuer
so
good
lawes
:
yf
they
be
nat
obserued
and
kept
.
¶
And
finally
that
the
maker
of
the
lawe
applye
his
hole
studie
&
mynde
to
the
welthe
of
his
subiectes
and
to
the
comon
profyte
of
them
.
The
other
kynde
of
Iustice
whiche
men
call
Equitie
is
where
by
a
man
neyther
taketh
nor
gyueth
lesse
nor
more
than
he
ought
/
but
in
gyuynge
taketh
good
hede
that
euery
man
haue
accordynge
as
he
deserueth
.
This
Equitie
is
agayne
deuyded
into
Equitie
distributyue
of
comon
thynges
&
Equitie
Commutatiue
.
By
Equitie
distributyue
is
distributyd
and
giuen
of
comen
goodes
to
euery
man
accordyng
to
his
deseruyngꝭ
and
as
he
is
worthy
to
haue
.
As
to
deuide
amonge
suche
as
longe
to
the
Chyrche
of
the
Chyrche
goodes
after
the
qualitie
of
theyr
merytes
:
and
to
them
beynge
Ciuil
persones
of
the
comon
treasour
of
the
Citie
accordynge
as
they
are
worthy
.
¶
In
this
parte
is
comprehended
the
punyshment
of
mysdoers
and
trangressours
of
the
lawe
/
to
whome
correccion
must
be
distributed
for
the
comon
welth
according
to
theyr
demerites
/
after
the
prescripcions
of
the
lawes
of
the
contrey
/
made
&
determined
for
the
punisshment
of
any
maner
of
transgressour
.
¶
Equity
commutatiue
is
a
iust
maner
in
the
chaungynge
of
thyngs
from
one
to
another
/
whose
offyce
or
effect
is
to
kepe
iust
dealynge
in
equytie
/
as
byenge
/
sellynge
/
&
all
other
bargaynes
lawfull
.
And
so
are
herewith
the
spices
of
Iustice
declared
theyr
offices
/
which
was
the
fourth
&
last
place
.
¶
Our
auctour
also
in
a
great
worke
that
he
hath
made
vpon
Rhetorike
/
declareth
the
handelynge
of
a
theme
symple
by
the
same
example
of
Iustice
/
addynge
two
places
mo
/
whiche
are
called
a●…ines
and
contraries
on
this
maner
.
¶
what
is
Iustice
?
A
vertue
whereby
to
euery
thynge
is
gyuen
that
that
to
it
belongeth
.
¶
what
is
the
cause
thereof
?
Mannes
wyll
consentynge
with
lawes
&
maners
.
¶
How
many
kyndes
?
Two
.
¶
whiche
?
Commutatiue
&
Distributiue
/
for
in
two
maners
is
our
medlynge
with
other
men
/
eyther
in
thynges
of
our
substaunce
&
wares
/
or
in
gentyll
and
cyuyle
conuersacion
.
¶
what
thynge
is
Iustice
commutatiue
?
Right
and
equitie
in
all
contractes
.
¶
what
is
Iustice
distributiue
?
Iustice
of
ciuile
lyuynge
.
¶
How
manyfolde
is
Iustyce
dystrybutyue
?
Either
it
is
comon
or
priuate
.
The
comon
is
called
in
latin
Pietas
/
but
in
englysshe
it
may
be
moost
properly
named
good
order
/
which
is
the
crowne
of
all
ver
tues
conceruynge
honest
and
ciuile
conuersacyon
of
men
togither
/
as
the
hedes
with
the
meane
comonalty
in
good
vnity
and
concorde
.
¶
Pryuate
or
seuerall
Iustice
dystrybutyue
is
honest
and
amyable
frendeshyp
&
conuersacion
of
neighbours
.
¶
what
are
the
offyces
?
To
do
for
euery
man
/
ryche
or
pore
/
of
what
estate
so
euer
he
be
/
and
for
our
contrey
/
for
our
wyues
/
chyldren
/
and
frendes
/
that
that
ought
to
be
done
for
euery
of
them
.
¶
Affynes
or
vertues
nigh
to
Iustice
are
constancy
/
lyberalytie
/
temperaunce
.
Thynges
contrary
are
fere
/
couetyse
/
prodygalytie
.
¶
And
this
is
the
maner
of
handelynge
of
a
symple
Theme
dialecty
call
.
But
yet
let
nat
the
reder
deceyue
hym selfe
/
and
thynke
that
the
very
perfyte
knowlege
is
shewyd
hym
all
here
.
And
that
whiche
hath
been
shewed
now
:
is
somwhat
general
and
briefe
.
¶
More
sure
and
exact
knowlege
is
conteined
in
Logike
/
to
whome
I
wyll
aduise
them
that
be
studiouse
to
resorte
&
to
serche
euery
thynge
in
his
owne
proper
facultie
.
¶
Of
a
Theme
compounde
.
EUery
Theme
compounde
:
eyther
it
is
proued
trewe
or
fals
.
Now
whether
thou
wylt
pu●…
or
improue
any
thyng
:
it
must
be
done
by
argument
.
And
yt
any
Theme
compounde
:
be
it
Logicall
or
Rhetorycall
/
it
must
be
referred
to
the
rules
of
Logike
by
them
to
be
proued
trew
or
fals
.
For
this
is
the
dyfference
that
is
betwene
these
two
sciences
/
that
the
Logician
in
dysputynge
obserueth
certayne
rules
for
the
settynge
of
his
wordes
being
solicitous
that
there
be
spoken
no
more
nor
no
lesse
than
the
thynge
requyreth
/
&
that
it
be
euin
as
plaily
spoken
as
it
is
thought
.
But
the
Rhethorician
seketh
about
&
boroweth
where
he
can
asmoche
as
he
may
for
to
make
the
symple
and
playne
Logicall
argumentes
gaye
&
delectable
to
the
eare
.
So
than
the
sure
iugement
of
argumentes
or
reasons
must
be
lerned
of
the
logician
/
but
the
crafte
to
set
them
out
with
pleasaunt
figures
and
to
delate
the
mater
belongeth
to
the
Rhetorician
.
As
in
Miloes
cause
/
of
whome
was
made
mencion
afore
.
¶
A
logician
wolde
briefly
argue
/
who
so
euer
violently
wyll
slee
an
other
/
may
lawfully
of
the
other
be
slayne
in
his
defence
.
Clodius
wolde
vyolently
haue
slain
Milo
/
wherfore
Clodius
might
laufully
be
slayne
of
Milo
in
Miloes
owne
defence
.
And
this
argument
the
logicians
call
a
Sillogisme
in
Daru
/
whiche
Tully
in
his
oracion
extendeth
that
in
foure
or
fyue
leues
it
is
scant
made
an
ende
of
/
nor
no
man
can
haue
knowlege
whether
Tullies
argument
that
he
maketh
in
his
oracyon
for
Milo
/
be
a
good
argumente
or
nat
/
and
howe
it
holdeth
/
excepte
he
can
by
Logyke
reduce
it
to
the
perfecte
and
briefe
forme
of
a
Sillogisme
/
takynge
in
the
meane
season
of
the
Rhetorycyans
what
ornamentes
haue
ben
cast
to
for
to
lyght
and
augment
the
oracyon
/
and
to
gyue
it
a
maiestie
.
¶
The
places
out
of
whome
are
founde
argumentes
for
the
prouynge
or
improuynge
of
compounde
Themes
/
are
these
folowynge
.
-
Diffinicion
lyke
-
Cause
contrary
-
Partes
OF
the
places
of
argumentes
shall
be
spoken
hereafter
.
For
as
touchyuge
them
in
all
thynges
the
Rhetorician
&
Logician
do
agre
.
But
as
concernynge
the
crafte
to
fourme
argumentes
whan
thou
hast
founde
them
in
theyr
places
/
that
must
be
lerned
of
the
Logician
/
where
he
treateth
of
the
fourme
of
sillogismes
/
〈◊〉
●…es
and
inductions
.
¶
Of
an
oracion
demonstratiue
.
THe
vse
of
an
oracion
demonstratiue
is
i
praise
or
dispraise
/
whiche
kynde
or
maner
of
oracion
was
greatly
vsed
somtyme
in
comon
accions
/
as
dothe
declare
the
oracions
of
Demosthenes
/
and
also
many
of
Thucidides
oracions
.
And
there
ben
thre
maners
of
oracions
demonstratiue
.
¶
The
fyrst
conteyneth
the
prayse
or
dysprayse
of
persones
.
As
yf
a
man
wolde
prayse
the
kynges
hyghnes
/
or
dysprayse
some
yll
persone
/
it
must
be
done
by
an
oracion
demonstratiue
.
The
seconde
kynde
of
an
oracion
demonstratiue
is
:
where
in
is
praysed
or
dyspraysed
/
nat
the
persone
but
the
dede
.
As
if
a
thefe
put
hym selfe
in
ieopdy
for
the
safegarde
of
a
true
man
/
against
other
theues
and
murderers
/
the
person
can
nat
be
praysed
for
his
vicious
lyuyng
/
but
yet
the
dede
is
worthy
to
be
commended
.
Or
if
one
shulde
speake
of
Peters
denyeng
of
Christ
/
he
hath
nothyng
to
disprayse
that
person
saue
onely
for
this
dede
.
The
thyrd
kynde
is
:
wherin
is
lauded
or
blamed
nother
person
nor
dede
/
but
some
other
thing
as
vertue
/
vice
/
iustice
/
iniutie
/
charite
/
enuie
/
pacience
/
wrathe
/
and
suche
lyke
.
¶
Partes
of
an
Oracion
.
¶
The
partes
of
an
oracion
prescribed
of
Rhetoriciens
are
these
.
-
¶
The
Preamble
or
exorden
.
-
¶
The
tale
or
narracion
.
-
¶
The
prouynge
of
the
matter
or
contencion
.
-
¶
The
conclusion
.
¶
Of
the
whiche
partes
mencyon
shall
be
made
herafter
in
euery
kynde
of
oracions
/
for
they
are
nat
founde
generally
in
euery
oracion
/
but
some
haue
moo
partes
/
and
some
lesse
.
¶
Of
the
Preamble
.
GEnerally
the
Preamble
nat
alonly
in
an
oracion
demonstratiue
/
but
also
in
the
other
two
is
conteyned
and
must
be
fetched
out
of
thre
places
/
that
is
to
say
of
beneuolence
/
attencion
/
&
to
make
〈◊〉
easy
to
be
knowen
/
whiche
the
Rhetoricians
call
Docilite
.
¶
Beneuolence
is
the
place
whereby
the
herer
is
made
willyng
to
here
vs
/
and
it
is
conteyned
in
the
thynge
that
we
speke
of
/
to
them
whom
we
speke
to
/
&
in
our
owne
persone
.
The
easyest
and
moost
vsed
place
of
beneuolence
consysteth
in
the
offyce
or
duety
of
the
person
/
whan
we
shew
that
it
is
our
duety
to
do
that
we
be
about
.
¶
Out
of
this
place
is
fet
the
preamble
of
sait
Gregory
Nazazene
/
made
to
the
praise
of
saynt
Basyll
/
where
he
saith
that
it
is
his
his
duety
to
prayse
saynt
Basyll
for
thre
causes
.
For
the
great
loue
and
frendeshyp
that
hath
ben
always
betwene
them
/
and
agayne
for
the
remembraunce
of
the
moost
fayre
and
excellent
vertues
that
were
in
hym
/
and
thyrdely
that
the
chyrch
myght
haue
an
example
of
a
good
and
holy
Bysshop
.
¶
Trewly
by
our
authours
lycence
me
thynketh
that
in
the
preamble
Nazazen
doth
nat
only
take
beneuolence
out
of
the
place
of
his
owne
persone
/
but
allo
out
of
the
other
two
/
whan
he
sheweth
the
cause
of
his
duetye
/
for
in
praysynge
his
frende
he
dyd
but
his
duetye
.
In
praysynge
his
vertues
/
he
cam
to
the
place
of
beneuolice
of
hym
that
he
spake
of
/
as
touchyng
the
example
that
the
chyrche
shulde
haue
/
it
was
for
theyr
profite
/
and
concernyng
the
place
of
beneuolence
/
taken
of
them
that
he
spake
to
.
But
our
authour
regarded
chiefly
the
principall
proposicion
/
whiche
was
that
saynt
Gregory
Nazazene
was
bounde
to
praise
saint
Basyll
.
¶
A
lyke
example
of
beneuolence
taken
out
of
the
place
of
office
or
dutie
/
is
in
the
oracyon
that
Tully
made
for
the
Poete
Archias
/
whiche
begynneth
thus
.
My
lordes
that
be
here
iuges
/
yf
there
be
in
me
any
wyt
/
whiche
I
knowe
is
but
small
/
or
yf
I
haue
any
crafty
vse
of
makynge
an
oracion
/
wherein
I
denie
nat
but
that
I
haue
metely
excercysed
my selfe
/
or
yf
any
helpe
to
that
science
cometh
out
of
other
lyberall
artes
/
in
whome
I
haue
occupied
al
my
lyfe
/
surely
I
am
bounde
to
no
man
more
for
them
than
to
Archias
/
whiche
may
lawfully
if
I
may
do
any
maany
profite
by
them
/
chalenge
a
chiefe
porcion
for
hym
therin
.
¶
Out
of
this
place
dyd
this
same
Tully
fetche
the
begynnyng
of
his
fyrste
epistle
/
in
whome
he
wrytethe
to
one
Lentule
on
this
maner
:
I
do
so
my
deutie
in
al
poyntes
towarde
you
/
and
so
great
is
the
loue
and
reuerence
that
I
bere
vnto
you
that
all
other
men
say
that
I
can
do
no
more
/
and
yet
me
semeth
that
I
haue
neuer
don
that
that
I
am
bounde
to
do
/
eyther
to
you
or
in
your
cause
.
¶
We
may
also
get
beneuolence
by
reason
of
them
/
whome
we
make
our
oracion
of
:
As
yf
we
saye
that
we
can
neuer
prayse
hym
to
hyghly
/
but
that
he
is
worthy
moch
more
laude
and
prayse
.
And
so
taketh
sait
Nazianzene
beneuolence
in
his
sayd
oracion
for
samet
Basile
.
¶
Also
of
them
afore
whome
we
speke
/
as
if
we
say
/
it
is
for
theyr
profyte
to
laude
or
prayse
the
person
.
And
that
we
knowe
very
wel
howe
moche
they
haue
alwayes
loued
hym
/
and
that
he
ought
therfore
to
be
praised
the
more
for
theyr
sakes
.
The
maner
is
also
to
get
vs
beneuolence
in
the
preface
of
our
oracion
/
by
pynchyng
and
blamyng
of
our
aduersarie
.
As
doth
Tullie
in
the
oracion
that
he
made
for
one
Aulus
Cecinna
/
wherin
he
begynneth
his
proeme
thus
If
temerite
and
lake
of
shame
coulde
as
moche
preuayle
in
plees
afore
the
iustices
/
as
doth
audacite
and
temerarious
boldenesse
in
the
feldes
and
deserte
places
/
there
were
no
remedie
but
euen
so
muste
Aulus
Cecinna
be
ouercome
in
this
matter
by
Sextus
Ebucius
impudence
/
as
he
was
in
the
felde
ouercome
by
his
insidious
audacite
.
And
these
be
the
commune
formes
of
beneuolence
.
¶
A
man
may
also
fetche
his
proeme
out
of
the
nature
of
the
place
wher
he
speketh
/
as
Tullie
dothe
in
the
oracion
made
for
Pompeius
for
the
sendynge
of
hym
into
Asie
agaynst
kynge
Mithridates
of
Pontus
/
and
kynge
Tigraues
of
Armenie
on
this
maner
:
howe
be
it
my
lordes
and
maisters
of
this
noble
citie
of
Rome
/
I
haueal
tymes
thought
it
a
synguler
reioyse
to
me
if
I
myght
ones
se
you
gadred
to gyther
in
a
company
/
to
here
some
publique
oracion
of
myne
/
and
agayne
I
iuged
no
place
to
be
so
ample
and
so
honourable
to
speke
in
as
this
is
.
&
〈◊〉
.
¶
Or
he
may
begyn
at
the
nature
of
the
tyme
that
is
than
/
or
at
som
other
cyrcumstaunce
of
his
mater
/
as
Tully
taketh
the
begynnynge
of
his
oracion
for
Telius
at
the
tyme
/
this
wise
.
¶
If
so
be
it
my
lordes
iuges
any
man
be
now
present
here
that
is
ignorāt
of
your
lawes
/
of
your
processe
in
iugementis
/
and
of
your
customes
/
surely
he
may
well
maruell
what
so
heynous
a
mater
this
shulde
be
/
that
it
onely
shulde
be
syt
vppon
in
an
hygh
fecst
daye
/
whan
all
the
comonaltye
after
theyr
olde
custome
are
gyuen
to
the
sight
of
playes
/
ordeined
after
a
perpetual
vsage
for
the
nones
for
them
/
all
maters
of
the
law
laid
for
the
tyme
vtterly
a
part
.
¶
He
began
also
an
other
oracion
for
one
Sertus
Roseius
/
out
of
the
daunger
of
the
season
that
he
spake
in
.
¶
One
may
besyde
these
vse
other
maner
of
prohemes
/
whiche
by
cause
they
are
nat
set
out
of
the
very
mater
it selfe
/
or
els
the
circumstaunces
/
as
in
these
aforsayd
they
are
called
peregrine
or
straunge
prohemes
.
And
they
be
taken
out
of
sentences
/
solempne
peticions
/
maners
or
customes
/
lawes
/
statutes
of
nacyons
&
contreys
.
And
on
this
maner
dothe
Aristides
begyn
his
oracion
made
to
the
praise
of
Rome
.
¶
Demosthenes
in
his
oracyon
made
against
Eschines
/
toke
his
preface
out
of
a
solempne
peticien
/
besechynge
the
goddes
that
he
might
haue
as
good
fauour
in
that
cause
/
as
he
had
sounde
in
all
other
maters
that
he
had
done
afore
for
the
comon
welth
.
¶
In
like
maner
beginneth
Tully
the
oracion
that
he
made
for
one
Murena
/
&
also
the
oracyon
that
he
made
vnto
the
Romaynes
after
his
retourne
from
exyle
.
¶
He
begynneth
also
an
other
oracyon
/
whiche
he
made
as
touchynge
a
lawe
decreed
for
the
diuision
of
feldes
amonge
the
comunes
out
of
a
custome
amonge
them
/
on
this
wyse
.
¶
The
maner
and
custome
of
our
olde
faders
of
Rome
hath
ben
.
&c.
And
this
is
the
maner
of
prefaces
in
any
oracion
/
whiche
is
also
obserued
in
the
making
of
epistles
/
howbeit
there
is
farre
lesse
crafte
in
them
than
is
in
an
oracyon
.
¶
There
is
yet
an
other
fourme
&
maner
to
begyn
by
insinuacion
/
wherfore
it
behoueth
to
know
that
insinuacion
is
/
whan
in
the
begynnyng
/
yf
the
mater
seme
nat
laudable
or
honest
/
we
find
an
excuse
therfore
.
¶
Example
/
Homere
in
his
Iliade
describeth
one
Thersites
/
that
he
was
moost
foule
and
euyll
fauored
of
all
the
Grekes
that
came
to
the
batayle
of
Troye
/
for
he
was
both
gogle
eyed
/
and
lame
on
the
one
legge
/
with
croked
and
pynched
shulders
/
and
a
longe
pyked
hede
/
balde
in
very
many
places
.
And
besyde
these
fautes
he
was
a
great
folysshe
babler
/
and
ryght
foule
mouthed
/
and
ful
of
debate
and
stryfe
/
●…artynge
alwayes
agaynste
the
heddes
and
wyse
men
of
the
armye
.
¶
Nowe
if
one
wolde
take
vpon
hym
to
make
an
oracion
to
the
prayse
of
this
losel
/
whiche
mater
is
of
litle
honesty
in
it selfe
/
he
must
vse
in
stede
of
a
preface
an
insinuacion
.
That
what
thynge
poetes
or
commune
fame
doth
eyther
prayse
or
dispraise
ought
nat
to
be
gyuen
credence
to
/
but
rather
to
be
suspecte
.
For
ones
it
is
the
nature
of
poetes
to
sayne
and
lye
/
as
bothe
Homere
and
Uirgile
/
which
are
the
princes
and
heddes
of
al
poetes
do
witnesse
them selfe
.
Of
whome
Homere
sayth
/
that
poetes
make
many
lies
/
and
Uirgile
he
saith
:
The
moost
part
of
the
sene
is
but
oeceyte
.
Poetes
haue
sene
blake
soules
vnder
the
erthe
/
poetes
haue
fayned
and
made
many
lyes
of
the
pale
kyngdome
of
Plato
/
and
of
the
water
of
Stigie
/
and
of
dogges
in
hell
.
And
agayne
commune
rumours
howe
often
they
ben
vayne
/
it
is
so
open
that
it
nede
nat
to
be
declared
.
wherfore
his
trust
is
that
the
hearers
wyll
more
regarde
his
saynge
than
fayned
fables
of
poetes
/
and
fleyng
tales
of
lyght
folkes
/
whiche
ar
for
the
more
parte
the
grounders
of
fame
&
rumours
.
¶
An
example
may
be
set
out
of
the
declamacion
that
Erasmus
made
to
the
prayse
of
folysshenes
.
¶
An
other
example
hath
the
same
Erasmus
in
his
second
booke
of
Copia
/
which
is
this
:
Plato
in
the
fyfte
dialogue
of
his
communaltie
wyllethe
that
no
man
shall
haue
no
wyfe
of
his
owne
/
but
that
euery
woman
shal
be
commune
to
euery
man
.
If
any
man
than
wolde
eyther
prayse
or
defende
this
mynde
of
Plato
/
which
is
both
contrarie
to
Christes
religion
and
to
the
commune
lyuynge
of
men
/
he
myght
as
Erasmus
teacheth
/
begynne
thus
.
¶
I
knowe
very
well
that
this
mater
whiche
I
haue
determyned
to
speke
of
/
wyll
seme
vnto
you
at
the
fyrste
herynge
/
nat
onely
very
straunge
/
but
also
right
abhominable
.
But
that
nat withstandynge
/
yf
it
wyll
please
you
a
litle
while
so
deferre
you
iugement
tyll
ye
haue
herde
the
summe
of
suche
reasons
as
I
wyll
brynge
forthe
in
the
cause
/
I
double
nothynge
but
that
I
shall
make
the
trouthe
so
euydent
that
you
all
will
with
one
assent
approue
it
/
&
knowlege
that
ye
haue
ben
hitherto
maruelously
deceyued
in
your
oppynyon
/
and
somdele
to
alleuiate
your
myndes
/
ye
shall
vnderstande
that
I
am
nat
my selfe
authour
of
the
thynge
/
but
it
is
the
mynde
&
saynge
of
the
excellent
&
moost
highly
named
philosopher
Plato
/
whiche
was
vndoubted
so
famouse
a
clerke
/
so
discrete
a
man
/
and
soo
vertuouse
in
all
his
dedes
/
that
ye
may
be
sure
he
wold
speke
nothig
but
it
were
on
a
right
perfyte
ground
/
and
that
the
thynge
were
of
it selfe
very
expedient
/
thoughe
peraduenture
it
shewe
ferre
otherwise
at
the
fyrst
herynge
.
¶
In
all
prefaces
of
preambles
must
be
good
heed
taken
that
they
be
nat
to
ferre
fet
/
nor
to
longe
.
¶
These
affectuouse
wordes
/
I
reioyce
/
I
am
sorye
/
I
uleruaile
/
I
am
glad
for
your
sake
/
I
desire
/
I
sere
/
I
pray
god
/
and
such
other
lyke
/
be
very
apre
for
a
preface
.
¶
Of
the
seconde
place
of
a
preface
/
called
Attencion
.
THe
herers
shall
be
made
attent
or
diligent
to
giue
audience
/
yf
the
orarour
make
promyse
that
he
will
shew
them
new
thynges
/
or
els
necessary
or
profitable
/
or
yf
he
say
that
it
is
an
harde
mater
that
he
hath
in
handelynge
/
or
els
obscure
&
nat
easy
to
be
vnderstand
/
except
they
gyue
right
good
attendaunce
.
¶
wherfore
it
is
expedyent
that
yf
they
wyll
haue
the
percepcion
of
it
/
that
they
gyue
a
good
care
.
But
as
concernyng
the
newnesse
or
profyte
of
the
mater
/
it
maketh
nat
all
onely
the
herer
to
gyue
a
good
cre
(
which
thynge
is
called
attencion
)
but
also
maketh
hym
well
wyllynge
for
to
be
present
/
whiche
is
beneuolence
.
¶
Docilite
.
DOcilite
whereby
we
make
the
mater
playne
&
easy
to
be
perceyued
/
is
nat
greatly
required
in
this
kynde
of
oracion
/
for
it
in
belonging
properly
to
derke
and
obscure
causes
/
in
whiche
we
must
pemyse
that
we
wyl
nat
vse
great
ambages
/
or
to
go
(
as
men
say
)
rounde
about
the
bush
/
but
to
be
short
and
playne
.
¶
Of
narracion
whiche
is
the
seconde
parte
of
an
oracion
.
¶
The
Narracion
or
tale
wherin
persones
are
praysed
/
is
the
declaryng
of
theyr
lyfe
&
doynges
after
the
fasihion
of
an
historie
.
The
places
out
of
the
whiche
it
is
sought
are
:
The
persones
byrthe
.
His
chyldhode
.
His
adolescencie
.
His
mannes
state
.
His
olde
age
.
His
dethe
and
what
foloweth
after
.
IN
his
byrthe
is
consydered
of
what
stocke
he
came
/
what
chaunsed
the
tyme
of
his
natiuite
or
nighe
vpon
/
as
in
the
natiuite
of
Christe
shepeherdes
hard
angelles
synge
.
¶
In
his
chyldhode
are
marked
his
bryngynge
vp
and
tokens
of
wysdome
commynge
:
As
Horace
in
his
fourthe
Satire
sheweth
/
how
in
his
chyldhode
his
father
taught
hym
by
examples
of
suche
as
were
than
lyuynge
to
flee
from
vice
and
to
gyue
hym selfe
to
vertue
.
¶
In
adolescencie
is
considered
where
to
he
than
gyuethe
hym selfe
:
As
in
the
fyrst
comedie
of
Terence
one
Simo
telleth
his
seruaunt
Sosia
/
that
though
all
yonge
men
for
the
more
parte
gyue
them selfe
to
some
peculiare
thynge
/
wherin
they
sette
theyr
chiefe
delyght
/
as
some
to
haue
goodely
horses
/
some
to
cherysshe
houndes
for
huntyng
/
&
some
are
gyuen
onely
to
theyr
bookes
/
his
sone
Pamphilus
loued
none
of
these
more
one
than
an
other
/
and
yet
in
al
these
he
exercised
hym selfe
mesurably
.
¶
In
mannes
state
and
olde
age
is
noted
what
office
or
rule
he
bare
among
his
citisens
/
or
in
his
contrey
/
what
actes
he
dyd
/
how
he
gouerned
suche
as
were
vnd
him
/
howe
he
pspered
/
&
what
fortune
he
had
in
suche
thyngꝭ
as
he
went
about
.
Example
here
of
is
in
Saluste
/
whiche
compareth
to gether
Cato
and
Cesar
/
sayng
that
both
theyr
stocke
/
age
&
eloquence
/
were
almoost
lyke
&
egall
/
theyr
excellencie
&
greatnes
of
spirite
&
wytte
was
also
lyke
&
egal
/
&
lyke
fame
&
worshyppe
had
they
both
attayned
howe
be
it
nat
by
a
lyke
waye
.
Cesar
was
had
i
great
estimacion
for
his
benefites
&
&
liberalite
.
Cato
had
gotten
him
a
name
for
his
perfight
&
vpright
lyuynge
.
Cesar
was
praysed
for
his
gentilnes
and
pitie
.
Cato
was
honored
for
his
eruestnes
and
surete
.
¶
The
tother
wanne
moche
bruyt
by
gyuynge
large
gyfres
/
by
helpynge
suche
as
were
in
dystresse
/
and
by
forgyuyng
of
tres
passes
done
agaynste
hym
.
Cacons
fame
dyd
sprede
because
he
wold
neither
be
forgyuen
of
none
offence
/
neither
forgiue
non
other
/
but
as
any
man
had
deserued
/
so
to
cause
him
to
be
delt
with
.
In
the
one
was
great
refuge
to
suche
as
were
in
mysery
:
But
the
other
was
fore
punisshment
&
per●…
to
mysdoers
&
euyll
transgressours
of
the
law
.
Briefly
to
conclude
it
was
all
Ceasars
mynde
and
pleasure
to
labour
diligently
night
and
day
in
his
frendes
causes
/
to
care
lesse
for
his
owne
busynes
thā
for
theyrs
/
to
deny
nothing
that
was
worthy
to
be
asked
/
his
desyre
was
euermore
to
be
in
warre
/
to
haue
a
great
hoost
of
me
vnder
his
gouernaunce
/
that
by
his
noble
and
hardy
faicies
his
valyantnes
myght
be
the
more
knowen
and
spred
abrood
.
Contraryly
all
Catons
study
was
on
tem
peraunce
/
and
to
do
in
no
maner
other
wyse
than
was
conuenient
&
syctynge
for
suche
a
man
as
he
was
/
and
chiefly
he
sette
his
mynde
to
seueryty
/
he
neuer
made
no
comparison
with
the
riche
man
in
richesse
/
nor
with
the
myghty
man
in
power
.
But
y●…
〈◊〉
required
/
with
the
hardy
man
in
boldnes
/
with
the
temperate
in
moderacion
/
with
the
good
man
in
innocency
&
iust
dea
ling.
He
cared
not
for
the
name
/
it
was
sufficient
to
hym
to
haue
the
dede
/
&
so
/
the
lesse
he
cared
for
glorye
/
the
more
alwayes
he
opteyned
.
Many
suche
comparisons
very
profitable
for
this
intent
/
are
also
in
Plutarche
in
his
boke
of
noble
mennes
lyues
.
¶
A
goodly
eusample
of
this
place
is
in
the
oracion
that
Hermolaus
Barbarus
made
to
the
emperour
Frederike
and
Marimilian
his
son
/
which
for
bicause
it
is
so
long
I
let
it
passe
.
¶
A
like
ensample
is
in
Tullies
oracion
/
that
he
made
to
the
people
of
Rome
for
Pompeyus
/
to
be
sente
agaynst
Mithridates
.
¶
Some
there
be
that
deuide
the
landes
of
persones
into
thre
kindes
of
goodes
/
begyunynge
the
narracion
at
them
/
whiche
thynge
our
author
doth
nat
greatly
commende
/
but
rather
in
rehersyng
of
any
per
sones
dedes
/
yf
there
can
nat
be
kept
an
order
of
historie
/
and
many
thynges
must
be
spoken
.
It
were
after
his
mynde
best
to
touche
fyrst
his
actes
done
by
prudence
/
&
next
by
iustice
/
thirdely
by
fortitude
of
the
mynde
/
and
last
by
temperaunce
/
and
so
to
gather
the
narracion
out
of
this
foure
catdinall
vertues
.
As
if
one
shuld
praise
saint
●…usten
/
after
that
he
hath
spoken
of
his
parentele
and
bryngynge
vp
in
youthe
/
and
is
come
to
the
rehersale
of
his
actes
/
they
may
be
conueniently
distributed
into
the
places
of
vertues
.
On
this
maner
did
Tully
prayse
Pompey
.
¶
I
suppose
(
sayeth
he
)
that
in
hym
that
shulde
be
a
hed
capitayne
ouer
a
great
army
/
ought
to
be
foure
thynges
.
Knowlege
of
werre
/
valiantnes
/
auctoritie
/
&
felicitie
.
¶
Here
is
to
be
noted
that
in
rehersynge
any
persons
actes
/
we
may
haue
our
chief
respecte
to
some
peculiare
and
principall
vertue
in
hym
/
enlargynge
and
exaltynge
it
by
amplificacion
in
maner
of
a
digression
.
¶
Our
author
in
this
worke
maketh
no
mencyon
of
the
last
place
that
is
dethe
and
suche
thynges
as
folowe
after
/
but
in
an
other
greater
work
he
declareth
it
thus
vrtefly
.
¶
The
dethe
of
the
persone
hathe
also
his
praises
/
as
of
suche
whiche
haue
ben
slayne
for
the
defence
of
theyr
contrey
or
prince
.
¶
A
very
goodly
ensample
for
the
handelynge
of
this
place
is
in
an
epistle
that
An
gele
Policiane
writeth
in
his
fourth
boke
of
epistels
to
Iames
Antiquarie
of
Laurence
Medices
/
howe
wysely
and
deuoutly
he
dysposed
hym selfe
in
his
dethe
bed
/
and
of
his
departynge
/
and
what
channced
at
that
tyme
.
¶
And
so
to
conclude
an
oracion
Demonstratiue
/
wherein
persones
are
lauded
/
is
an
historycall
exposicion
of
all
his
lyfe
in
order
.
And
there
is
no
difference
betwene
this
kynde
and
an
history
/
saue
that
in
histories
we
be
more
briefe
and
vse
lesse
curiositie
.
Here
all
thynges
be
augmented
and
coloured
with
as
moche
ornamentes
of
eloquence
as
can
be
had
.
¶
Confirmacion
of
our
purpose
/
and
confutynge
or
reprouynge
of
the
contrarye
/
whiche
are
the
partes
of
contencion
/
are
nat
requisite
in
this
kynde
of
oracion
/
for
here
are
nat
treated
any
doubtefull
maters
/
to
whome
contencion
perteineth
.
Neuer
the
lesse
/
somtyme
it
happeneth
(
how beit
it
is
seldome
)
that
a
doubte
may
come
/
which
must
be
either
defended
/
or
at
the
leest
excused
.
¶
Example
.
THe
frenche
men
in
olde
tyme
made
myghty
warre
agaynste
the
Romaynes
/
and
so
sore
besieged
theym
that
they
were
by
compulcton
constrayned
to
fall
to
composicion
with
the
frenche
men
for
an
huge
summe
of
golde
/
to
be
payed
to
theym
for
the
brekynge
of
the
siege
/
but
beynge
in
this
extreme
misery
/
they
sent
for
one
Camillus
/
whome
nat
very
longe
afore
they
had
banisshed
out
of
the
citie
/
and
in
his
absence
made
hym
dietatour
/
which
was
the
chiefest
digintie
amonge
the
Romaynes
/
and
of
so
great
auctoritie
/
that
for
the
space
of
thre
monethes
/
for
so
long
dured
the
office
moost
conueniently
/
he
might
do
all
thyng
at
his
pleasure
/
whether
it
concerned
deth
or
no
/
nor
no
man
so
hardy
ones
to
say
nay
against
any
thyng
that
he
dyd
/
so
that
for
the
space
he
was
as
a
kynge
/
hauynge
all
in
his
owne
mere
power
.
Now
it
chaunced
that
while
this
summe
was
in
payenge
/
&
nat
fully
wayed
/
Camillus
of
whome
I
said
afore
/
that
being
in
exile
he
was
made
dictatour
/
came
with
an
army
/
and
anone
bad
cease
of
the
payment
/
&
that
eche
party
shulde
make
redy
to
bataile
/
and
so
he
vainquisshed
the
frenche
men
.
¶
Now
yf
one
shulde
praise
hym
of
his
noble
faites
/
it
shuld
seme
that
this
was
done
contrary
to
the
law
of
armes
/
to
defait
the
frenche
men
of
the
raumsom
due
to
them
/
syns
the
compacte
was
made
afore
/
wherfore
it
is
necessary
for
the
oratour
to
defēde
this
dede
/
&
to
proue
that
he
did
nothynge
contrary
to
equitie
.
For
the
whiche
purpose
he
hathe
two
places
.
One
apparent
/
whiche
is
a
comon
sayenge
vsurped
of
the
poete
.
Dolus
au
virtus
quie
in
hoste
requirat
.
That
is
to
say
/
who
will
serche
whether
the
dede
of
enemy
against
enemy
be
either
gile
or
pure
valiantnes
:
But
for
that
in
warre
law
is
as
well
to
be
kept
as
in
other
thinges
.
This
sayeng
is
but
of
a
feble
grounde
.
The
other
is
of
a
more
stronge
assuraunce
/
whiche
Titus
Liuius
writeth
in
his
fyfte
boke
from
the
buildynge
of
Rome
/
where
he
reherceth
this
history
now
menetoned
/
and
that
answere
is
this
/
that
the
compacte
was
made
to
paye
the
foresayd
raunsome
after
that
Camillus
was
created
dictatour
/
at
what
time
it
was
nat
lawfull
that
they
whiche
were
of
ferre
lesse
auctoritie
/
ye
&
had
put
them selfe
holy
in
his
hande
/
shuld
entermedle
them
with
any
maner
of
treatise
without
his
licence
/
&
that
he
was
nat
bounde
to
stande
to
theyr
bargayne
.
The
whiche
argumente
is
deducte
out
of
two
circumstaunces
/
whereof
one
is
the
tyme
of
the
makynge
of
the
compacte
/
and
the
other
/
the
persons
that
made
it
/
which
two
circumstaunces
may
briefly
be
called
whan
/
and
who
.
¶
Likewise
yf
an
oracion
shulde
be
made
to
the
laude
of
saint
Peter
/
it
behoueth
to
excuse
his
denyenge
of
christe
/
that
it
was
rather
of
diuine
power
and
wyll
:
than
otherwise
/
for
a
confortable
example
to
synners
of
grace
yf
they
repent
.
¶
This
is
the
maner
of
handelynge
of
an
oracion
demonstratiue
/
in
whiche
the
person
is
praised
.
¶
The
author
in
his
greater
worke
declareth
the
facion
by
this
example
.
¶
If
one
wolde
praise
kynge
Charles
/
he
shulde
kepe
in
his
oracion
this
order
.
Fyrst
in
declarynge
his
parentele
/
that
he
was
kynge
Pipines
sone
/
whiche
was
the
fyrste
of
all
kynges
of
Frannee
named
the
moost
christen
kynge
/
and
by
whom
all
after
hym
had
the
same
name
/
and
Nephien
to
Martell
/
the
moost
valiauntest
prynce
that
euer
was
.
Nexte
/
his
bryngynge
vp
vnder
one
Peter
Pisane
/
of
whom
he
was
instructe
bothe
in
Greke
and
Latin
.
Than
his
adolessencie
/
whiche
he
passed
in
excercise
of
armes
vnder
in
his
fader
in
the
warres
of
Acquitaine
/
where
he
lerned
also
the
Sarazynes
tongue
.
¶
Beynge
come
to
mannes
state
/
&
now
kynge
of
Fraunce
/
he
suvdued
Aquitayn
/
Italye
/
Swauelande
/
and
the
Saxones
.
And
these
warres
were
so
fortunate
/
that
he
ouercam
his
aduersaries
more
by
auctoritie
and
wisdom
than
by
effusion
of
blode
.
¶
Also
many
other
notable
examples
of
vertue
were
in
hym
in
that
age
/
specially
that
he
edifted
the
vniuersitie
of
Paris
.
¶
Here
may
by
digression
be
declared
how
goodly
a
thynge
lernynge
is
in
Prynces
.
Chiefly
suche
condicion
apperteyneth
to
vertue
and
good
lyuynge
.
¶
Here
may
be
also
made
comparison
of
his
vertues
in
warre
/
and
of
other
agreynge
with
peace
/
in
the
whiche
(
as
his
history
maketh
mencyon
)
he
was
more
excellent
.
For
his
chiefe
delyte
was
to
haue
peace
/
and
agayne
he
was
so
gentyll
and
so
mercyfull
/
that
he
wolde
rather
saue
ruyn
suche
as
had
don
hym
great
offence
:
and
had
deserued
very
well
for
to
dye
/
than
to
dystroye
theym
/
thoughe
he
might
do
it
conueniently
.
¶
Besyde
this
/
he
was
so
greatly
enflamed
in
the
loue
of
god
and
his
holy
chirch
/
that
one
Alcuine
a
noble
clerk
of
England
was
continually
with
hym
/
in
whose
and
other
gostely
communicacion
he
had
a
chiefe
pleasure
.
His
olde
age
he
passed
in
rest
and
quyetenes
fortunately
/
saue
for
one
thyng
/
that
his
sonnes
agreed
euyll
betwene
them
.
¶
After
his
decease
reigned
his
son
/
holy
saint
Lewes
/
and
so
the
folowynges
of
his
dethe
were
suche
that
they
could
be
no
better
/
and
a
very
great
token
of
his
good
and
vertuouse
lyuynge
.
For
yf
an
yll
tree
can
brynge
furthe
no
good
fruite
/
what
shall
we
suppose
of
this
noble
kynge
Charles
/
of
whome
cam
so
vertuouse
and
so
holy
a
son
:
Truely
me
thynketh
that
hither
may
be
nat
inconueniently
applied
the
sayenges
of
the
gospell
/
by
theyr
fruites
you
shall
know
them
.
¶
Of
an
oracion
Demenstratiue
/
wherein
an
acte
is
praysed
.
WHan
we
wyll
prayse
any
maner
of
dede
/
the
moost
apte
preamble
for
that
purpose
shall
be
to
say
that
the
mater
perteyneth
to
the
commodities
of
them
whiche
here
vs
.
●…
¶
Example
.
WHan
the
Romaynes
had
expelled
theyr
kynge
/
whome
the
hisioriciens
call
Tarquine
the
proude
/
out
of
the
citie
/
and
fully
enacted
that
they
wolde
ne
uer
haue
kynge
to
reigne
more
ouer
them
.
This
Tarqumus
went
for
aide
and
socour
to
the
kynge
of
Tuscaye
/
whiche
whan
he
could
by
no
menes
entreat
the
Romains
to
receiue
agayn
theyr
kyng
/
he
cam
with
all
his
puissaunce
against
the
citie
/
&
there
long
space
besieged
the
Romaynes
/
by
rea
son
wherof
/
great
penury
of
whete
was
in
the
citie
/
&
the
kynge
of
Tuscay
had
great
trust
/
that
continuynge
the
siege
/
he
shulde
within
a
litle
lenger
space
compell
the
Romaynes
thrugh
famine
to
yelde
them selfe
.
¶
In
the
meane
season
a
yong
man
of
the
citie
named
Gaius
Mucius
/
came
to
the
Senatours
and
shewed
them
that
he
was
purposed
yf
they
wolde
gyue
hym
licence
to
go
surthe
of
the
citie
to
do
an
acte
that
shuld
be
for
theyr
great
profite
and
welth
/
whereupon
whan
he
had
obtained
licence
/
priuely
/
with
weapon
hyd
vnder
his
vesture
he
cam
to
the
Tuscans
campe
/
&
gate
hym
among
the
thickest
/
ingh
to
the
tent
where
as
the
kyng
sat
with
his
chaunceller
/
payenge
the
sowdiers
the
wages
.
And
bicause
that
they
were
almoost
of
lyke
apparell
/
&
also
the
chaunceler
spake
many
thynges
as
a
man
beynge
in
auctoritie
/
he
coulde
nat
tell
whether
of
theym
was
the
kynge
/
nor
he
durst
nat
aske
/
leest
his
demaunde
wolde
haue
bewrayed
hym
/
for
as
for
language
they
had
one
/
&
nothyng
was
different
/
for
bothe
Tuscains
&
Romains
were
all
of
Italye
/
as
in
tymes
past
/
Englande
hathe
had
many
kynges
/
though
the
language
&
people
were
on
.
And
thus
beynge
in
doubt
whether
of
them
he
myght
steppe
vnto
/
by
chaunce
he
strake
the
chaunceller
in
stede
of
the
kynge
/
and
slew
hym
/
wherfore
whan
he
was
taken
and
brought
before
the
kynge
/
for
to
punysshe
his
hande
that
had
failed
in
takyng
one
for
an
other
/
and
agayn
to
shew
the
kynge
how
lttle
he
cared
for
his
menaces
/
he
thrast
his
hande
into
the
fire
/
which
at
that
time
was
there
prepared
for
sacrifyce
/
&
there
in
the
flame
let
it
brenne
/
nat
ones
mouynge
it
.
The
kynge
greatly
marueylynge
at
his
audacitie
&
hardy
nature
/
commended
hym
greatly
thereof
/
and
bad
hym
go
his
way
free
:
For
the
whiche
(
as
though
he
wolde
make
the
kyng
a
great
amendes
)
he
fayned
that
.
iii.
C.
of
the
noblest
yonge
men
of
Rome
had
conspyred
to gyther
in
lyke
maner
euery
one
after
another
vnwarꝭ
to
slee
hym
/
and
all
to
put
theyr
bodies
and
liues
in
hasard
tyll
tyme
shulde
chaunce
that
one
myght
acheue
theyr
entent
.
For
fere
whereof
the
kynge
furth
with
fell
at
a
pointement
with
the
Romaines
/
and
departed
.
The
yonge
man
afterwarde
was
named
Sceuota
/
whiche
is
as
moche
to
say
in
Englyssh
as
lefte
handed
.
For
as
I
haue
reherced
afore
/
he
brente
his
right
hande
/
so
that
he
had
lost
the
vse
therof
.
¶
IF
any
oratour
wolde
in
an
oracyon
commende
this
dede
/
he
myght
conueniently
make
the
preface
on
this
facion
.
THere
is
no
doubte
my
lordes
&
maysters
of
Rome
:
but
that
the
remembraunce
of
Seeuolaes
name
is
very
pleasant
vnto
your
audience
/
whiche
with
one
act
that
he
dyd
/
endewed
your
citie
with
many
and
greate
commodytees
.
&c.
¶
This
maner
of
preface
is
moost
conue
nyent
and
best
annexyd
to
suche
maner
of
oracyons
demonstratiues
.
¶
Neuer
the
lesse
it
is
lawfull
for
vs
to
take
our
preface
(
yf
it
be
our
pleasure
)
oute
of
some
circumstaunce
/
as
out
of
the
place
that
our
oracion
is
made
in
/
or
out
of
the
tyme
that
we
speke
in
/
or
els
otherwyse
/
accordynge
as
we
shall
haue
occasyon
/
As
Tullie
/
in
the
oracyon
that
he
made
for
the
restitucyon
of
Marcus
Marcellus
/
in
the
whiche
he
praiseth
Cezare
for
the
callyng
home
of
the
sayd
Marcus
marcellus
out
of
exyle
/
he
taketh
his
preamble
out
of
the
tyme
and
Cezares
persone
/
begynnynge
thus
.
THis
daye
my
lordes
Senatoures
hath
made
an
ende
of
the
longe
scilence
that
I
haue
kepte
a
great
while
/
nat
for
any
fere
that
I
had
/
but
part
for
great
sorow
that
was
in
me
/
&
partly
for
shanie
/
this
day
as
I
sayd
hath
taken
away
that
longe
scilence
/
ye
/
and
besyde
that
of
newe
brought
to
me
lust
&
mynde
to
speke
what
I
woulde
/
and
what
I
thought
moost
expedient
/
like
as
I
was
afore
wont
to
do
.
For
I
can
nat
in
no
maner
of
wyse
refrayne
/
but
I
must
nedes
speke
of
the
great
mekenes
of
Cezare
/
of
the
graciousnes
that
is
in
hym
/
so
habundant
and
so
great
withall
/
that
neuer
afore
any
suche
hath
ben
wont
to
be
sene
or
herde
of
/
and
also
of
the
excellent
good
moderacion
of
all
thynges
which
is
in
hym
that
hathe
all
in
his
owne
mere
power
.
Nor
I
can
nat
let
passe
his
excellent
incredible
/
and
diuine
wisdome
vnspoken
of
/
afore
you
at
this
tyme
.
¶
Of
the
Narracion
.
IN
this
kynde
we
vse
but
selden
hole
narracions
/
oneles
we
make
our
oracion
afore
them
that
know
nat
the
history
of
the
acte
or
dede
whiche
we
be
aboute
to
prayse
.
But
in
stede
of
a
narracion
we
vse
a
proposicion
/
on
this
maner
.
AMonge
all
the
noble
deedes
Cezare
that
ye
haue
done
/
there
is
non
that
is
more
worthy
to
be
praysed
than
this
restitucion
of
Marke
Marcell
.
¶
Of
Confirmacion
/
whiche
is
the
fyrst
parte
of
Contencion
.
THe
places
of
confirmacion
are
honesty
/
perfit
/
lightness
or
hardines
of
the
dede
.
For
after
the
proheme
of
the
oracion
and
the
narracion
/
than
go
we
to
the
prouynge
of
our
mater
.
Fyrst
shewynge
that
it
was
a
very
honest
dede
.
And
next
/
that
it
was
nat
all
only
ho
nesty
:
but
also
profitable
.
Thirdely
as
concernyng
the
easines
or
difficulty
/
the
praise
therof
must
be
considered
/
parte
in
the
doer
/
part
in
the
dede
.
An
easy
dede
deserueth
no
great
praise
/
but
an
harde
and
a
ieoperdouse
thynge
/
the
soner
and
the
lighther
it
is
acheued
/
the
more
it
is
to
be
lauded
.
¶
The
honesty
of
the
cause
is
fet
from
the
nature
of
the
thynge
that
is
spoken
of
/
which
place
lieth
in
the
wytte
of
the
oratour
/
and
may
also
be
fet
out
of
the
philosophers
bookes
.
It
is
also
copiosely
declared
of
Rhetoriciens
/
and
very
compendiously
handled
of
Erafmus
in
his
boke
/
entituled
of
the
maner
and
crafte
to
make
epistels
/
in
the
chapitre
of
a
persuadyng
epistle
.
The
profyte
of
the
dede
/
or
the
commoditie
may
be
fet
at
the
circumstaunce
of
it
.
Circumstances
are
these
/
what
was
done
/
who
dyd
it
/
whan
/
where
it
was
done
/
among
whom
/
by
whose
helpe
.
¶
As
if
one
wolde
praise
Seeuolaes
acte
/
of
the
whiche
mencion
was
made
afore
/
he
may
.
¶
whan
he
cometh
to
the
places
of
contencion
/
shew
fyrst
how
honest
a
dede
it
is
for
any
man
to
put
his
lyfe
in
ieopardy
for
the
defence
of
his
countrey
/
whiche
is
so
moche
the
more
to
be
commended
that
it
cam
of
his
owne
minde
/
and
nat
by
the
instigacion
of
any
other
/
and
how
profitable
it
was
to
the
citie
to
remoue
so
strong
and
puissaunt
an
enemy
by
so
good
and
crafty
policy
/
what
tyme
the
citie
was
nat
well
assured
of
all
mennes
myndes
that
were
within
the
walles
/
considerynge
that
but
a
lytle
afore
many
noble
yonge
men
were
detecte
of
treason
in
the
same
busines
.
And
than
also
the
citie
was
almoost
destitute
of
vitailes
/
&
all
other
commodities
necessary
for
the
defence
.
¶
Likewise
easynes
or
difficultie
are
conteyned
in
the
circumstaunces
of
the
cause
.
As
in
the
example
now
spoken
of
/
what
an
harde
enterprise
it
is
for
one
man
to
entre
into
a
kynges
armye
/
and
to
come
to
the
kynges
pauilion
in
the
face
of
his
souldiers
to
aduenture
to
slee
hym
.
¶
Of
the
seconde
parte
of
contencion
/
called
confutacion
.
Confutacion
is
the
soilyng
of
suche
argumentes
as
maye
be
induced
agaynst
our
purpose
/
which
part
is
but
lytle
vsed
in
an
oracion
demonstratiue
.
Neuer
the
lesse
/
somtyme
may
chance
a
thyng
that
must
be
either
defended
or
els
at
the
leest
excused
.
As
yf
any
man
wolde
speke
of
Camillus
dede
/
wherby
he
recouered
his
contrey
/
and
delyuered
it
from
the
handes
of
the
Frenche
men
.
¶
Here
must
be
declared
that
the
bargayne
made
afore
was
nat
by
Camillus
violate
.
¶
The
places
of
confutacion
be
contrary
to
the
places
of
confirmacion
.
¶
Of
the
conclusion
.
THe
conclusion
is
made
of
a
brief
enumeracion
of
suche
thynges
that
we
haue
spoken
of
afore
in
the
oracion
/
&
in
mouynge
of
affections
.
¶
In
delectable
thinges
or
suche
thinges
that
haue
ben
well
doue
/
we
moue
our
audience
to
reioice
thereat
/
and
to
do
lyke
.
¶
In
sad
thynges
and
heuy
/
to
be
sory
for
them
.
In
yll
and
peruerse
actis
/
to
beware
that
they
folowe
nat
them
to
theyr
great
shame
and
confusion
.
¶
Of
an
oracion
demonstratiue
/
whereu●…
are
praised
neither
persones
nor
actes
/
but
some
other
thynges
/
as
religion
/
matrimony
/
or
suche
other
.
❧
THe
best
begynnyng
wyll
be
if
it
be
taken
out
of
some
high
praise
of
the
thynge
.
But
a
man
may
also
begyn
otherwyse
/
eyther
at
his
owne
person
or
at
theyrs
afore
whom
he
speketh
/
or
at
the
place
in
the
whiche
he
speketh
/
or
at
the
season
present
/
or
otherwise
/
as
hath
afore
ben
specified
/
and
here
must
we
take
good
hede
that
yf
we
take
vpon
vs
to
praise
any
thynge
that
is
no
praise
worthy
/
than
must
we
vse
insinuacion
/
&
excuse
the
turpitude
/
either
by
examples
or
by
argumentis
/
as
Erasmus
doth
in
his
epistle
prefired
afore
his
oracion
made
to
the
prayse
of
folisshnes
/
of
the
whiche
I
haue
let
passe
the
trāstaciō
bicause
that
epistle
is
son
what
long
.
¶
The
narracion
.
IN
this
maner
of
oracion
is
no
narracion
/
but
in
stede
therof
the
Rhetoriciens
all
only
propose
the
mater
.
And
this
proposicion
is
in
the
stede
of
the
narracion
.
¶
A
very
elegant
example
is
in
the
oracion
that
Angele
Policiane
made
to
the
laude
of
histories
/
whiche
is
this
.
Among
all
maner
of
wryters
by
whom
either
the
Breke
tongue
or
the
latine
hath
ben
in
floure
and
excellence
/
without
doubte
me
semeth
that
they
dyd
moost
profyte
to
mankynde
/
by
whom
the
excellent
dedes
of
nacions
/
princes
/
or
valiant
men
haue
ben
truely
descriued
and
put
in
cronicles
.
¶
Likewise
yf
a
man
praise
peace
/
&
shewe
what
a
commodiouse
thynge
it
is
/
he
may
make
suche
a
proposicion
.
AMonge
all
the
thynges
whiche
perteine
to
mannes
commoditie
/
of
what
someuer
condicion
or
nature
so
euer
they
be
/
non
is
so
excellent
and
so
worthy
to
be
had
in
honour
and
loue
/
as
is
peace
.
¶
The
confirmacion
.
THe
places
of
confirmacion
be
in
this
oracion
.
The
same
that
were
in
the
other
(
of
whome
mencion
was
made
afore
/
houesty
/
profite
/
easynes
/
or
difficulty
.
Honesty
is
considered
in
the
nature
of
the
thynge
/
also
in
the
persones
that
haue
excercysed
it
/
and
the
inuenters
thereof
.
And
in
the
auctour
of
it
.
As
in
the
laude
of
matrimony
be
considered
the
auctour
thereof
/
whiche
was
god
hym selfe
/
the
antiquite
that
it
was
made
in
the
fyrst
begynnynge
of
the
worlde
/
and
continued
(
as
reason
is
)
to
this
hour
in
great
honour
and
reuerence
.
The
persones
that
haue
vsed
it
/
were
bothe
patriarches
/
as
Abraham
.
Prophetes
/
as
Dauyd
.
Apostels
/
as
saynt
Peter
.
Martyrs
/
saynt
Eustache
.
And
cōfessours
/
as
saynt
Edwarde
.
And
(
whiche
thyng
was
fyrst
proposed
)
the
nature
therof
is
suche
/
that
without
it
:
man
shulde
be
like
vnto
beest
/
oneles
all
generacion
shuld
be
put
aparte
.
And
the
commaundement
of
almighty
god
nat
regarded
/
who
bad
man
and
woman
shulde
engender
&
multiply
.
¶
Profite
and
easines
is
considered
in
the
circumstaunces
.
Examples
may
be
taken
out
of
Policians
oracion
/
made
to
the
laude
of
histories-And
two
oracions
of
Erasmus
/
one
to
the
laude
of
phisike
/
and
an
other
to
the
laude
of
matrimony
.
¶
Of
confutacion
.
Confutacion
hath
contrary
places
to
confirmacion
.
¶
Of
the
conclusion
.
THe
periode
or
conclusion
standeth
in
the
briefe
enumeracion
of
thinges
spoken
afore
/
and
in
mouyng
the
affections
/
as
hath
ben
aboue
expressed
.
¶
Of
an
oracion
deliberatiue
.
AN
oracion
deliberatiue
is
by
the
which
we
persuade
or
dissuade
any
thyng
/
&
by
the
whiche
we
aske
/
or
whereby
we
exhort
any
man
to
do
a
thynge
/
or
els
to
forsake
it
/
and
this
kynde
of
oracion
is
moche
in
vse
/
nat
onely
in
ciuil
ematers
:
but
also
in
epistels
.
¶
Of
the
preamble
.
WE
may
begynne
our
oracion
in
this
kynde
/
euyn
lyke
as
we
dyd
in
an
or
a
cion
demonstratiue
/
but
moost
aptly
at
our
office
or
duety
/
leest
some
men
wolde
thynke
that
we
dyd
it
more
of
a
priuate
affection
for
our
owne
commoditie
and
plea
sure
:
than
for
any
other
mannes
profyte
.
¶
And
in
this
maner
Salust
in
his
boke
of
Catheline
bringeth
in
Cezare
/
beginnyng
an
oracion
.
But
let
vs
here
now
what
Cesar
sayeth
.
ALl
men
my
lordis
Senatours
which
syt
concellynge
vpon
any
douvtfull
mater
/
must
be
voyde
of
hatred
/
frendshyp
/
anger
/
pitye
/
or
mercye
.
For
where
any
of
these
thynges
bere
a
rule
/
mannes
mynde
can
nat
lightely
perceyue
the
truthe
.
●…
.
¶
Or
els
we
may
begyn
at
the
greatenes
of
the
mater
/
or
daunger
of
the
thyng
that
we
speke
of
/
as
in
the
fyfte
boke
of
Liuius
Camillus
maketh
the
preamble
of
his
oracion
thus
.
MY
maysters
of
this
Citie
of
Ardea
/
which
haue
ben
alwayes
myne
olde
frendes
/
and
now
(
by
reason
of
myne
exyle
out
of
Rome
)
my
new
neighbours
and
citizens
.
For
I
thank
you
of
your
goodnes
you
haue
promysed
that
it
shuld
so
be
/
and
on
the
other
side
my
fortune
hath
constrayned
me
to
seke
som
new
dwellynge
out
of
the
citie
where
I
was
brought
vp
&
enhabited
.
I
wolde
nat
that
any
of
you
shulde
thynke
that
I
am
now
come
amonge
you
nat
remembrynge
my
condicion
and
state
/
but
the
comon
reopardy
that
we
be
all
now
in
/
wyll
compell
euery
man
to
open
and
shew
the
best
remedy
that
he
knoweth
for
our
socoure
in
this
great
fere
&
necessity
.
¶
Nat
withstandynge
this
/
a
man
may
take
his
begynnynge
otherwyse
/
after
any
of
the
facions
afore
recited
/
if
he
lyst
.
¶
Tully
in
the
oracion
/
wherin
he
aduised
the
Romaynes
to
make
Pompey
theyr
chiefe
capitaine
against
Withridates
and
Tigranes
/
kynges
of
Ponthus
&
Armeny
/
taketh
in
the
preface
beneuolence
from
his
owne
persone
/
shewynge
by
what
occasion
he
myght
laufully
gyue
councell
to
the
Romaines
/
by
cause
was
electe
Pretor
of
the
citie
.
we
may
also
touche
our
aduersaries
in
the
preface
/
or
els
we
may
touche
the
maners
/
either
of
som
seuerall
persons
/
or
of
the
commons
in
generall
.
As
in
the
oracion
that
Porcius
Chato
made
agaynst
the
sumptuousnes
of
the
women
of
Rome
/
thus
begynnynge
.
IF
euery
man
my
lordes
and
maisters
of
this
citie
wolde
obserue
and
kepe
the
ryght
and
maiestye
of
a
man
agaynst
his
owne
wife
/
we
shuld
haue
ferte
lesse
encombrance
now
with
the
hole
thronge
than
we
haue
.
But
now
our
fredome
and
lybertie
is
ouercome
within
our
owne
dores
by
the
importunatnes
of
our
wyues
/
&
so
audacitie
taken
therof
here
troden
vnder
the
fete
/
and
oppressed
in
the
parliament
house
:
And
bycause
we
wold
nat
displease
no
man
his
owne
wyfe
at
home
:
here
are
we
now
combred
with
all
/
gathered
to
gyder
on
a
hepe
/
and
brought
in
that
takynge
that
we
dare
nat
ones
open
our
lyppes
against
them
.
●…
.
¶
we
may
also
begyn
at
the
nature
of
the
tyme
that
we
speke
in
/
or
at
the
nature
of
the
place
/
or
at
any
other
circumstaunce
or
thynge
incident
.
As
Liuius
in
the.
ix
.
boke
of
his
fourthe
decade
agaynste
the
feestes
that
the
Romaynes
kept
in
the
honour
of
the
ydolyssh
god
Bacchus
/
begynneth
his
oracion
at
prayenge
on
this
wyse
.
THe
solempne
makynge
of
prayers
vnto
the
goddes
was
neuer
so
apte
nor
yet
so
necessary
in
any
oracion
as
it
is
in
this
/
whiche
shall
shew
and
admonysshe
you
that
they
be
very
and
ryght
goddes
/
whom
our
elders
haue
ordeyned
to
be
worshypped
/
adoured
/
and
prayed
vnto
.
¶
Briefly
in
all
prefaces
belongynge
to
oracions
deliberatiues
the
office
of
the
persone
:
and
the
necessytye
or
commodytye
of
the
matter
that
we
treate
of
are
consydered
.
❧
¶
The
narracion
.
IN
oracions
deliberatiues
we
vse
very
seldome
narracions
/
but
for
the
more
parte
in
stede
of
them
we
make
a
brief
pro
posicion
conteinyng
the
summe
of
our
entent
.
As
now
adayes
nothing
is
so
necessary
as
to
labour
to
brynge
these
dissencions
that
be
in
the
chyrche
to
a
perfecte
vnity
&
concorde
/
that
accordyng
to
Christes
sayngis
/
there
be
but
one
shepeherde
and
one
tolde
.
Neuertheles
we
vse
somtyme
briefe
narraciions
/
whan
that
som
thyng
hath
ben
don
all
redy
of
that
that
we
giue
our
coūeell
vpon
/
as
in
the
abouesayd
oracion
that
Tult
made
for
Pompey
/
where
he
maketh
this
narracion
.
GReat
&
very
perillous
warre
is
made
bothe
agaynst
your
tributours
/
and
also
them
that
bothe
confederate
with
you
:
&
by
you
called
your
felowes
/
whiche
warre
is
moued
by
two
ryght
myghty
kynges
/
Withridates
&
Tigranes
.
&c.
¶
After
this
maner
is
a
narracion
in
the
oracion
that
Haniball
made
to
Scipio
/
&
is
conteined
in
the
x.
boke
of
the
.111.
decade
of
Liuius
/
right
proper
&
elegant
/
without
any
preface
begynnyng
his
narracion
thus
.
☞
¶
If
it
hath
ben
ordeyned
by
my
fortune
and
desteny
that
I
whiche
first
of
all
the
Carthaginors
began
warre
with
the
Romayns
/
&
which
haue
almoost
had
the
victory
so
often
in
myne
handes
/
shuld
now
com
of
myne
owne
mynde
to
aske
peace
.
I
am
glad
that
fortune
hathe
prepared
that
I
shulde
aske
it
of
you
specially
.
And
amonge
all
your
noble
landes
this
shall
nat
be
one
of
the
leest
that
Haniball
gaue
ouer
to
you
/
to
whom
the
goddes
had
gyuen
afore
the
vyctorye
ouer
so
many
capitains
of
the
Romayns
/
&
that
it
was
your
lucke
to
make
an
ende
of
this
warre
/
in
the
which
the
Romayns
haue
had
farre
mo
euyll
chaunces
than
we
of
Carthagene
.
And
whether
it
were
my
desteny
or
chaunce
that
ought
me
this
skornfull
shame
.
I
which
began
the
warre
whan
your
father
was
Consull
/
and
after
ioyned
bataile
with
hym
whan
he
was
made
Ca
pitayne
of
the
Romayns
army
/
must
now
come
vnarmed
to
his
son
to
aske
peace
of
hym
.
It
had
ben
best
for
bothe
parties
yf
it
had
pleased
the
goddes
to
haue
sent
our
fore
faders
that
mynde
/
that
you
of
Rome
wolde
haue
ben
content
with
the
Empyre
of
Italy
/
and
we
Carthaginoys
with
Affrike
.
For
neither
Sicil
nor
Sardinia
can
be
any
sufficent
amendes
to
either
of
vs
for
so
many
naueis
/
so
many
armies
/
so
many
and
so
excellent
capitaines
lost
in
our
warres
betwene
vs
/
but
thynges
passed
/
may
soner
be
blamed
than
meuded
.
we
of
Carthagene
(
as
touchynge
our
parte
)
haue
so
couetyd
other
dominions
/
that
at
lengthe
we
had
busines
ynough
to
defende
our
pos
sessions
.
Nor
the
warre
hath
nat
ben
only
with
you
in
Italy
or
with
vs
onely
in
Affryke
:
but
at
the
pleasure
of
fortune
/
somtyme
here
and
som
there
/
in
so
moche
that
you
my
maisters
of
Rome
haue
sene
the
standerdes
and
armes
of
your
enemies
harde
at
your
walles
and
gates
of
the
citie
.
And
we
on
the
other
syde
haue
herde
the
noyse
out
of
your
campe
into
our
citie
.
¶
After
the
narracion
ought
to
folowe
immediately
the
proposicion
of
our
councell
or
aduise
.
As
after
the
narracion
of
Haniball
afore
reherced
/
foloweth
the
proposicion
of
his
purpose
thus
.
THat
thynge
is
now
entreated
while
fortune
is
fauourable
vnto
you
/
that
we
ought
moost
to
abhorre
/
and
you
surely
ought
aboue
all
thynges
to
desyre
/
that
is
to
haue
peace
.
And
it
is
most
for
the
profyte
of
vs
two
/
whiche
haue
the
mater
in
handelyng
that
peace
be
had
.
And
sure
we
be
/
that
what
so
euer
we
agree
vppon
/
our
cities
wyll
ratifie
the
same
.
¶
Next
foloweth
the
confirmacion
of
the
thynges
that
we
entende
to
persuade
/
which
must
be
set
out
of
the
places
of
honesty
/
pro
fite
/
casines
/
or
difficulty
.
As
if
we
will
per
suade
any
thynge
to
be
done
/
we
shall
shew
that
it
is
nat
only
honest
&
laudable
:
but
al
so
profytable
&
easy
ynough
to
perfourme
.
Or
if
we
can
nat
chose
but
graunt
that
it
is
harde
/
yet
we
shall
shew
that
it
is
so
honest
a
dede
/
so
worthy
praise
/
&
besydes
so
great
commodity
wyll
come
therof
/
that
the
hardnes
ought
in
no
wise
to
fere
vs
:
but
rather
be
as
an
iustigacion
to
take
the
thynge
on
hande
/
remembrynge
the
greke
prouerbe
.
Scisno●…a
ta
nasa
/
that
is
to
say
/
all
excellent
&
commendable
thyng
;
be
hard
&
of
difficulty
.
¶
In
honesty
are
comprehended
all
vertues
/
as
wysdom
/
iustice
/
due
loue
to
god
/
&
to
our
parentes
/
liberality
/
pity
/
constance
/
temperance
.
And
therfore
he
that
wyll
for
the
confyrmyng
of
his
purpose
declare
&
proue
that
it
is
honest
&
commendable
that
he
entendeth
to
persuade
hym
:
behoueth
to
haue
perfyte
knowlege
of
the
natures
of
vertues
.
And
al
so
to
haue
in
redy
remembraunce
sentences
bothe
of
scripture
&
of
philosophy
/
as
oratours
&
poetes
/
&
besyde
these
/
examples
of
historyes
/
for
garnyssshyng
of
his
maters
.
¶
As
concernynge
the
place
of
vtilitie
/
we
must
in
all
causes
loke
if
we
may
haue
any
argumentes
wherby
we
may
proue
that
our
councell
is
of
suche
necessity
/
that
it
can
nat
be
chosen
but
they
must
nedes
folow
it
/
for
tho
argumentes
be
of
farre
greater
strength
than
they
that
do
but
onely
proue
the
vtility
of
the
mater
.
But
if
we
can
haue
no
suche
necessary
reasons
/
than
we
must
serche
out
argumentes
to
proue
our
mynde
to
be
profitable
by
circumstances
of
the
cause
.
In
like
maner
to
persuade
a
thyng
by
the
easines
therof
/
or
dissuade
it
by
the
difficulty
of
the
thing
/
we
must
haue
respect
to
possibility
or
impossibilite
/
for
these
proues
are
of
strenger
nature
than
the
other
/
&
he
that
wyll
shew
that
a
thyng
may
be
done
easely
:
must
presuppose
the
possibilite
therof
.
As
he
on
the
other
side
that
wyll
persuade
a
thyng
nat
to
be
done
/
yf
he
shew
&
manifest
that
it
is
impossible
/
argueth
more
strongely
than
if
he
could
but
only
proue
difficulty
in
it
/
for
as
I
sayd
/
many
thyng
;
of
difficulty
yet
may
be
the
rather
to
be
taken
on
hande
/
that
they
may
get
them
that
acheue
them
the
greater
fame
and
prayse
.
And
these
argumentes
be
fet
out
of
the
cir
cūstances
of
the
cause
/
that
is
to
say
/
the
time
/
the
place
/
the
doers
/
the
thynge
it selfe
/
the
meanes
whereby
it
shulde
be
done
/
the
causes
wherefore
it
shulde
be
done
or
nat
/
the
helpes
or
impedimentes
that
may
be
therin
.
In
this
purpose
examples
of
histories
are
of
great
efficacy
.
¶
The
confutacion
is
the
soilynge
and
resellyng
of
other
mennes
sayengis
that
haue
or
might
be
brought
against
our
purpose
/
wherefore
it
consisteth
in
places
contrary
to
the
places
of
confirmacion
/
as
in
prouyng
the
sayenges
of
the
contrary
part
/
neither
to
be
honest
nor
profitable
/
nor
easy
to
performe
/
or
els
vtterly
impossible
.
¶
The
conclusion
standeth
in
two
thynges
/
that
is
is
to
say
/
a
briefe
and
compendiouse
repetyng
of
all
our
reasons
that
we
haue
bronght
for
vs
afore
/
and
in
mouyng
of
affections
.
And
so
dothe
Ulysses
conclude
his
oracion
in
the.
xiii
.
boke
of
Ouides
metamorphosy
.
¶
Of
the
thyrde
kynde
of
oracions
/
called
Iudiciall
.
❧
ORacions
iudiciall
be
that
longe
to
controuersies
in
the
lawe
and
plees
/
which
kynde
of
oracion
in
olde
tyme
longed
onely
to
Iudges
&
men
of
law
/
but
now
for
the
more
parte
it
is
neglecte
of
them
/
though
there
be
nothynge
more
necessarye
to
quicken
them
in
crafty
and
wyse
handelynge
of
theyr
maters
.
¶
In
these
oracions
the
fyrste
is
to
fynde
out
the
state
of
the
cause
/
whiche
is
a
short
proposicion
/
conteynynge
the
hole
effect
of
all
the
controuersies
.
As
in
the
oracion
of
Tulli
/
made
for
Milo
/
of
the
which
I
made
mencion
in
the
begynnynge
of
my
boke
.
The
state
of
the
cause
is
this
.
Milo
slewe
Clodius
lawfully
/
whiche
thynge
his
aduersaries
denyed
/
and
yf
Tully
can
proue
it
the
plee
is
wonne
.
¶
Here
must
be
borne
away
that
there
be
thre
maner
of
states
in
suche
oracions
.
¶
The
fyrst
is
called
coniecturall
.
The
seconde
/
legitime
.
The
thirde
/
iudiciale
/
and
euery
of
these
hathe
his
owne
proper
places
to
fet
out
argumentes
of
them
/
wherefore
they
shall
be
spoken
of
seuerally
.
And
fyrste
we
wyll
treate
of
state
coiecturall
/
whiche
is
vsed
whan
we
be
certayne
that
the
dede
is
done
/
but
we
be
ignorant
who
dyd
it
/
and
yet
by
certayne
coniectures
we
haue
one
suspecte
/
that
of
very
lykelyhode
it
shulde
be
he
that
hathe
commytted
the
cryme
.
And
therfore
this
state
is
called
con
iecturall
/
bicause
we
haue
no
manifest
profe
/
but
all
onely
great
lykelyhodes
/
or
as
the
Rhetoriciens
call
them
/
coniectures
.
¶
Example
.
THere
was
a
great
contencion
in
the
Grekes
army
afore
Troye
betwene
Ulisses
and
Aiax
/
after
the
dethe
of
Achilles
/
which
of
them
shulde
haue
his
armour
as
nexte
to
the
sayd
Achilles
in
valiauntnes
.
In
whiche
controuersye
whan
the
Grekes
had
Iuged
the
sayd
armour
vnto
Ulisses
/
Aiax
for
very
great
disdayne
fell
out
of
his
mynde
/
&
shortly
after
in
a
wode
nygh
to
the
hooste
/
after
he
had
knowen
(
whan
he
cam
agayne
to
hym selfe
)
what
folyssh
prankes
he
had
played
in
the
tyme
of
his
phrenesy
/
for
sorow
&
shame
he
slewe
hym selfe
.
Sone
vpon
this
dede
cam
Ulisses
by
/
whiche
seynge
Aiax
thrust
thrughe
with
a
swerde
:
cam
to
hym
/
and
as
he
was
about
to
pull
out
the
swerd
/
the
frendes
of
Aiax
chaunced
to
com
the
same
way
/
which
seynge
theyr
frende
deed
/
and
his
olde
enemy
pullyng
out
a
swerde
of
his
body
/
they
accused
hym
of
murder
.
¶
In
very
dede
here
was
no
profe
.
For
of
truthe
Ulisses
was
nat
gylty
in
the
cause
.
Neuertheles
the
enuye
that
was
betwene
Aiax
and
hym
:
made
the
mater
to
be
nat
a
lytle
suspect
/
specially
for
that
he
was
founde
there
with
the
sayd
Aiax
alone
/
wherefore
the
state
of
the
plee
was
coniecturall
/
whe
ther
Ulisses
slew
Aiax
or
nat
.
¶
The
preface
.
THe
preface
is
here
euyn
as
it
is
in
other
oracions
.
For
we
begyn
to
the
nature
of
the
cause
that
we
haue
on
hande
/
either
in
blamyng
our
aduersarys
or
els
mouynge
the
herers
to
haue
pity
on
our
client
.
Or
els
we
begyn
at
our
owne
prsone
/
or
at
the
prayse
of
the
Iuge
.
&c.
¶
The
narracion
.
THe
narracion
or
tale
is
the
shewynge
of
the
dede
in
maner
of
an
historye
/
wherein
the
accuser
must
craftly
entermēgle
many
suspicions
which
shall
seme
to
make
his
mater
prouable
.
As
Tulli
in
his
oracion
for
Milo
/
where
in
his
narracion
he
intendeth
by
certayn
coniectures
to
shew
that
Clodius
laye
in
waite
for
Milo
/
he
in
his
sayd
narracion
handeleth
that
place
thus
.
¶
In
the
meane
season
whan
Clodius
had
knowlege
that
Milo
had
a
lawfull
&
necesary
iourney
to
the
city
of
Lauine
the
.xiii
.
day
afore
the
kalendes
of
Marche
/
to
poynte
who
shuld
be
hed
preest
there
/
which
thing
longed
to
Milo
because
he
was
dictatour
of
that
towne
:
Clodius
sodaynely
the
day
afore
departed
out
of
Rome
to
set
vppon
Milo
in
a
lordeshyp
of
his
owne
/
as
after
was
well
perceyued
.
And
suche
haste
he
made
to
be
goyng
that
were
as
the
people
were
gadered
the
same
day
for
mats
wherin
also
he
had
great
adoo
hym selfe
/
&
very
necessarye
it
had
ben
for
hym
to
haue
ben
there
/
yet
this
nat
withstandyng
/
all
other
thynges
aparte
:
he
went
his
way
/
whiche
you
may
be
sure
he
wold
neuer
haue
done
/
saue
onely
that
he
had
fully
determined
to
preuent
a
tyme
and
place
conuenient
for
his
malicius
entēr
afore
Miloes
comyng
.
¶
In
this
pece
of
Tullies
narracion
are
entermengled
fyrst
that
Clodius
knew
of
Miloes
goynge
/
whiche
maketh
the
mater
suspecte
that
Clodius
went
afore
to
mete
with
him
/
for
this
was
well
knowen
afore
that
Clodius
bare
Milo
great
grudge
and
malice
.
Next
is
shewed
the
place
where
as
Clodius
met
Milo
/
whiche
also
gyueth
a
great
suspicion
/
for
it
was
nygh
Clodius
place
/
where
he
myght
sone
take
socour
/
&
the
tother
was
in
leest
assuraunce
.
Thyrdly
that
he
departed
out
of
the
city
/
what
tyme
it
had
ben
most
expedient
/
ye
/
&
also
greatly
requisite
for
hym
to
haue
ben
at
home
.
And
that
again
maketh
the
mater
suspect
/
for
surely
he
wold
nat
(
as
Tully
hym selfe
saieth
)
in
no
wise
haue
ben
absent
at
suche
a
busy
tyme
/
onles
it
had
ben
for
som
great
purpose
/
and
what
other
shulde
it
seme
than
to
●…ce
Milo
.
As
surely
euident
it
was
that
they
buckled
to gyther
/
and
this
was
well
knowen
that
Milo
had
a
necessary
cause
to
go
furth
of
Rome
at
that
tyme
.
Contraryly
in
Clodius
coulde
be
perceyued
non
other
occasion
to
departe
than
oute
of
the
citie
:
but
of
lykelyhood
to
lye
in
wayte
for
Milo
.
❧
¶
The
proposicion
.
OUt
of
the
narracion
must
be
gaderyd
a
briefe
sentence
/
wherein
shall
stande
the
hole
pithe
of
the
cause
/
for
Rhetoriciens
put
incontinent
after
the
narracion
diuision
/
which
is
a
part
of
contencion
/
&
dothe
bryefly
shew
wherin
the
controuersy
doth
stande
/
or
what
thinges
shall
be
spoken
of
in
the
oracion
.
This
diuision
is
deuyded
into
seiunction
and
distribucion
.
¶
Setunction
is
whan
we
shew
wherein
our
aduersaries
and
we
agree
/
and
what
it
is
/
whereupon
we
stryue
.
As
they
that
pledyd
Clodius
cause
agaynst
Milo
/
myght
on
this
maner
haue
vsed
setunction
.
That
Milo
slewe
Clodius
:
our
aduersaries
can
nat
denaye
/
but
whether
he
myght
so
do
lawfully
or
nat
/
is
our
controuersy
.
Distribucion
is
the
proposicion
wherein
we
declare
of
what
thynges
we
wyll
speke
/
of
whiche
yf
we
propose
how
many
they
be
/
it
is
called
enumeracion
/
but
yf
we
do
nat
expresse
the
nombre
/
it
is
called
exposicion
.
¶
Example
of
bothe
is
had
in
the
oracion
that
Tully
made
to
the
people
that
Pompeyus
myght
be
made
chiefe
capitayne
of
the
warres
agaynst
Mithridates
and
Tigranes
/
where
after
the
preface
and
narracion
he
maketh
his
proposicion
by
exposicion
thus
.
Fyrste
I
thynke
it
expedyent
to
speke
of
the
nature
&
kynde
of
this
warre
/
and
after
that
of
the
greatnes
thereof
/
and
than
to
shewe
how
an
hede
or
chiefe
capytayne
of
any
army
shulde
be
chosen
.
whiche
last
membre
of
his
exposicion
he
agayne
distributeth
into
foure
partes
thus
as
foloweth
.
TRuely
this
is
myne
opinion
/
that
he
whiche
shall
be
a
gouernour
of
an
hoost
/
ought
to
haue
these
foure
propertyes
in
hym
.
The
fyrste
is
/
that
he
haue
perfyte
knowlege
of
all
suche
thynges
as
longeth
to
warre
.
The
seconde
is
that
he
be
a
man
of
his
handes
.
The
thyrde
that
he
be
a
man
of
suche
auctority
:
that
his
dignity
may
cause
his
souldiers
to
haue
hym
in
reuerence
and
awe
.
The
fourth
is
that
he
be
fortunate
and
lucky
in
all
thynges
that
he
goeth
about
.
¶
Tully
in
the
oracion
for
Milo
/
proposeth
all
onely
shewynge
wherin
the
contro
uersy
of
the
plee
dyd
stande
on
this
maner
as
foloweth
.
❧
IS
there
than
any
thynge
els
that
must
t
tryed
and
iudged
in
this
cause
saue
this
:
whether
of
them
bothe
beganne
the
fraye
and
entended
to
murder
the
tother
:
No
surely
.
So
that
yf
it
can
be
foundeid
that
Milo
went
about
to
distroye
Clodius
/
than
he
be
punysshed
therefore
accordyngly
.
But
yf
it
can
be
proued
that
Clodius
was
the
begynner
and
layed
wayte
for
to
slee
Milo
/
and
so
was
the
sercher
of
his
owne
dethe
/
and
that
what
Milo
dyd
it
was
but
to
defende
hym selfe
frome
the
treason
of
his
enemy
and
the
sauegarde
of
his
lyfe
:
that
than
he
may
be
delyuered
and
quyt
.
¶
Of
confirmacion
.
THe
confirmacion
of
the
accuser
is
fetched
out
of
these
places
/
wyll
/
and
power
.
For
these
two
thynges
wyll
cause
the
persone
that
is
accused
to
be
greatly
suspect
that
he
had
wyll
to
do
the
thyng
that
he
is
accused
of
/
and
that
he
myght
well
ynoughe
brynge
it
to
passe
.
❧
¶
To
proue
that
be
had
wyll
therto
:
you
must
go
to
.
ii
.
places
.
The
one
is
the
qualite
of
the
persone
/
&
the
other
is
the
cause
that
meuyd
him
to
the
dede
.
The
qualitie
of
the
person
is
thus
handled
.
First
to
loke
what
is
his
name
or
surname
/
and
if
it
be
noughty
to
saye
that
he
had
it
nat
for
nothynge
:
but
that
nature
had
suche
pryue
power
in
men
to
make
them
gyue
names
according
to
the
maners
of
euery
person
.
Than
next
to
behold
his
contrey
.
So
Tulli
in
his
oracion
made
for
Lucius
Flaceus
/
to
unproue
the
witnes
that
was
brought
against
him
by
Brekes
/
layeth
vnto
them
the
lightnes
of
theyr
contrey
.
This
(
sayeth
Tulli
)
do
I
say
of
the
hole
nacion
of
Brekes
.
I
graunt
to
them
that
they
haue
good
lernyng
/
and
the
knowlege
ot
many
sciences
.
Nor
I
denye
nat
but
that
they
haue
a
pleasant
and
marueylouse
swete
speche
.
They
are
also
people
of
high
and
excellent
quicke
wyt
/
&
thereto
they
be
very
facundiouse
.
These
&
suche
other
qualities
wherein
they
booste
them selfe
greatly
:
I
wyll
nat
repyne
against
it
that
they
here
the
maistry
therein
.
But
as
concernyng
equitie
and
good
conscience
/
requisite
/
in
berynge
of
recorde
/
or
gyuyng
of
any
wytnes
/
&
also
as
touchynge
faithfulnes
of
worde
and
promyse
:
truely
this
nacion
neuer
obserued
,
this
property
/
neither
they
knewe
nat
what
is
the
strength
/
auctoritye
/
and
weight
therof
.
¶
So
to
Englysshmen
is
attributed
sumptuousnes
in
meates
&
drinkes
.
To
French
men
/
pryde
/
&
delyte
in
new
fantasyes
.
To
Flemmynges
and
Almaynes
/
great
drynkyng
/
&
yet
inuentife
wittes
.
To
Britayns
/
Gascoignes
/
and
Polones
/
larrecine
.
To
Spanierdes
/
agilitye
.
To
ytaliens
/
hygh
wyt
and
moche
subtilty
.
To
Scottes
/
boldnes
/
to
Irissh
men
/
hastines
.
To
Boemes
valiauntnes
and
tenacite
of
opinions
.
&c.
¶
After
that
to
loke
on
his
kynred
/
as
yf
his
father
or
mother
or
other
kynne
were
of
yll
disposicion
/
for
as
the
tree
is
:
suche
fruite
it
bereth
.
¶
On
this
wyse
dothe
Phillis
cntwyte
Demophon
/
that
his
father
Theseus
vncurteysly
and
trayterously
lefte
his
loue
Ariadna
alone
in
the
desert
yle
of
Naxus
/
&
contrary
to
his
promise
stale
from
her
by
nyght
/
addynge
Heredem
patria
perfide
frandis
agis
.
That
is
to
saye
/
vntrew
and
false
forsworne
man
/
thou
playest
kyndely
the
fathers
heyre
/
in
deceytable
begylynge
of
thy
true
louer
.
¶
After
that
we
must
loke
vppon
the
sex
/
whether
it
be
man
or
woman
that
we
accuse
/
to
se
yf
any
argument
can
be
deduct
out
of
it
to
our
purpose
.
As
in
men
is
noted
audacity
women
be
comonly
tymerouse
.
Than
nexte
/
the
age
of
the
persone
.
As
in
Therence
Simo
speketh
of
his
son
Pamphilus
/
sayeth
vnto
his
man
called
Sosia
/
how
couldest
thou
know
his
condicions
or
nature
afore
/
whyle
his
age
and
feare
/
and
his
maister
dyd
let
it
to
be
knowen
.
¶
Hipermestra
in
Ouides
epistels
ioineth
these
.
ii
.
places
of
sex
&
age
to gyther
thus
.
¶
I
am
a
woman
&
a
yong
maiden
/
milde
&
gentyll
/
both
by
nature
&
yeres
.
My
soft
handes
are
nat
apte
to
fiers
batayles
.
¶
After
these
folow
strength
of
body
/
or
agility
/
&
quicknes
of
wyt
/
out
of
whiche
may
be
broght
many
reasons
to
affyrme
our
purpose
.
So
Tulli
in
his
oracion
for
Milo
/
wyllynge
to
proue
that
Clodius
was
the
begynner
of
the
fraye
/
sheweth
that
Milo
(
whiche
was
neuer
wont
but
to
haue
men
about
hym
)
by
chaunce
at
that
tyme
had
in
his
company
certayne
Musiciens
and
maydens
that
wayted
on
his
wyfe
/
whom
he
had
syttynge
with
hym
in
his
wagen
.
Contraryly
Clodius
that
was
neuer
wont
afore
but
to
tyde
in
a
wagen
&
to
haue
his
wyfe
with
him
:
at
that
tyme
rode
furth
on
horsebacke
.
And
where
as
afore
be
was
alwayes
accustomed
to
haue
knaues
&
quenes
in
his
company
:
he
had
than
non
but
tall
men
with
hym
/
&
(
as
who
shulde
say
)
men
piked
out
for
the
nones
.
¶
To
this
is
added
forme
/
as
to
assay
yf
we
can
haue
any
argument
to
our
purpose
out
of
the
per
sones
face
or
countenance
/
&
so
doth
Tully
argue
in
his
oracion
agaynst
Piso
/
sayeng
.
¶
Seest
thou
nat
now
thou
beest
?
doest
thou
nat
now
perceyue
what
is
mennes
complaynt
on
thy
visage
?
there
is
non
that
complaineth
that
I
wote
nat
what
Surrien
&
of
theyr
flocke
whiche
be
but
newly
crepte
vp
to
honour
out
of
the
donghyll
is
now
made
con
sull
of
the
city
.
For
this
seruile
colour
hath
nat
deceiued
vs
nor
hery
cheke
balles
/
nor
rotten
&
fylthy
tethe
/
thyne
iyes
/
thy
browes
/
forhed
/
&
hole
countenaunce
/
which
in
a
maner
doth
manifest
mennes
cōdietōs
&
nature
it
hath
deceiued
vs
.
¶
This
done
/
we
must
consyder
how
he
hath
been
brought
vp
that
we
accuse
/
among
whom
he
hath
lyued
/
&
whereby
/
how
he
gouerneth
his
houshold
/
&
assay
if
we
can
pyke
out
of
these
ought
for
our
purpose
.
Also
of
what
state
he
is
of
/
fre
or
bond
/
riche
or
pore
/
beryng
office
or
nat
/
a
man
of
good
name
/
or
otherwise
/
wherin
he
deliteth
moost
/
which
places
do
expresse
mannes
lyuyng
/
&
by
his
lyuyng
:
his
will
&
mynde
/
as
I
wold
declare
more
fully
/
saue
that
in
introductions
men
must
labour
to
be
short
/
and
agayne
they
are
suche
that
he
that
hath
any
perceyuyng
may
sone
know
what
shall
make
for
his
purpose
/
&
how
to
set
it
furthe
.
And
therfore
this
shall
suffyse
as
touchynge
the
qualitie
of
the
person
.
¶
If
we
bere
away
this
for
a
generall
rule
(
that
what
maketh
for
the
accuser
euermore
the
contrary
)
is
sure
staye
for
the
defender
/
yf
he
can
proue
it
/
or
make
it
of
the
more
lykelyhood
.
As
Tully
in
defendynge
Milo
/
layeth
to
Clodius
frendes
charges
that
he
had
non
about
hym
but
chosen
men
.
And
for
to
clere
Milo
he
sheweth
the
contrary
/
that
he
had
with
hym
syngyng
laddes
and
women
seruantes
that
wayted
on
his
wyfe
/
whiche
maketh
it
of
more
likelyhood
that
Clodius
went
about
to
slee
Milo
:
than
Milo
hym
.
¶
The
cause
that
moueth
to
the
mischiefe
lyeth
in
two
thynges
.
In
naturall
impulsion
/
and
racionacion
.
¶
Natural
impulsion
is
angre
/
hatred
/
couetyse
●…etyse/loue●…
or
suche
other
affections
.
So
Simo
in
Therence
/
whan
he
had
sayd
that
Dauus
(
whom
he
had
poynted
to
wayt
vppon
his
sone
Pamphilus
)
wolde
do
all
that
myght
lye
in
hym
bothe
with
hande
and
fote
/
rather
to
dysplease
hym
:
than
to
please
Pamphilus
mynde
.
And
Sofia
demaunded
why
he
wolde
do
so
.
Simo
made
aunswere
by
raciocinacion
/
sayenge
/
doest
thou
aske
that
?
mary
his
vngracious
and
vnhappy
mynde
is
the
cause
therof
.
Oenon
in
Ouides
epistles
ioyneth
to gyther
qualitie
and
naturall
impulsion
/
sayenge
.
A
iuuene
et
Cupido
credatur
reddita
Virgo
?
whiche
is
in
Englysshe
.
Thynke
you
that
she
that
was
caried
awaye
of
a
yonge
man
/
and
hote
in
loue
/
was
restored
agayn
a
mayde
?
¶
Tulli
in
the
oracion
for
Milo
/
amonge
other
argumentes
bryngeth
in
one
against
Clodius
by
naturall
impulsion
of
hatred
/
she
wynge
that
Clodius
had
cause
to
hate
Milo
fyrst
/
for
he
was
one
of
them
that
laboured
for
the
same
Tullyes
reuocacyon
from
exyle
/
whiche
Tulli
Clodius
maliciously
hated
.
Agayne
that
Milo
oppressyd
many
of
his
furiouse
purposes
.
And
finally
bycause
the
sayd
Milo
accused
hym
and
cast
hym
afore
the
Senate
and
people
of
Rome
.
❧
¶
Raciocinacion
is
that
cometh
of
hope
of
any
commodity
/
or
to
eschew
any
discommodity
.
As
Tully
argueth
in
his
oracion
for
Milo
agaynst
Clodius
by
raciocinacion
to
proue
that
it
was
he
that
layde
wayt
for
Milo
on
this
maner
.
IT
is
sufficient
to
proue
that
this
cruell
and
wicked
beest
had
a
great
cause
to
slee
Milo
/
yf
he
wolde
brynge
his
maters
that
he
went
about
to
passe
/
and
great
hope
if
he
were
ones
gone
/
nat
to
be
letted
in
his
pretenced
malyee
.
¶
After
raciocinacion
foloweth
comprobacion
/
to
shewe
that
no
man
els
had
any
cause
to
go
there
about
/
saue
he
whome
we
accuse
/
nor
no
profite
could
com
to
no
man
thereof
:
saue
to
hym
.
¶
These
are
the
wayes
whereby
an
oratour
shall
proue
that
the
persone
accused
had
wyll
to
the
thynge
that
is
layd
to
his
charge
.
TO
proue
that
he
might
do
it
:
ye
must
go
to
the
circumstance
of
the
cause
/
as
that
he
had
leyser
ynough
thereto
/
and
place
conuement
and
strength
withall
.
¶
Also
you
shall
proue
it
by
signes
/
whiche
are
of
meruaylouse
efficacye
in
this
behalfe
/
wherefore
here
must
be
noted
that
sygnes
be
eyther
wordes
or
dedes
that
either
did
go
before
or
els
folow
the
dede
.
As
Tully
in
his
oracion
now
often
alleged
argueth
against
Clodius
by
signes
goynge
afore
the
dede
/
as
that
Clodius
sayd
thre
dayes
afore
Milo
was
slayne
:
that
he
shulde
nat
lyue
thre
dayes
to
an
ende
.
And
that
he
went
out
of
the
city
a
lytle
afore
Milo
rode
furth
with
a
great
companye
of
stronge
and
myscheuous
knaues
.
¶
Signes
folowynge
are
as
yf
after
the
dede
was
done
he
fled
/
or
els
whan
it
was
layed
to
his
charge
:
he
blusshed
or
waxed
pale
/
or
stutted
&
coulde
nat
well
speke
.
¶
The
contrary
places
(
as
I
sayd
afore
)
long
to
the
defender
/
saue
that
in
signes
he
must
vse
.
ii
.
thinges
/
absolucion
&
inuerciō
.
¶
Absolucion
is
wherby
the
defendour
sheweth
that
it
is
laufull
for
hym
to
do
that
what
the
aduersary
bringeth
in
for
a
signe
of
his
malice
.
¶
Erample
.
¶
A
man
is
founde
couerynge
of
a
dede
body
/
&
therupon
accused
of
murder
/
he
may
answere
that
it
is
laufull
to
do
so
for
the
preseruacion
of
his
body
from
rauons
&
other
that
wolde
deuoure
hym
/
tyll
tyme
he
had
warned
people
to
fetche
and
bury
hym
.
¶
Inuereion
is
wherby
we
shew
that
the
signe
whiche
is
brought
agaist
vs
:
maketh
for
vs
.
As
I
wolde
nat
haue
taryed
to
couer
hym
yf
I
had
done
the
dede
my selfe
:
but
haue
fled
and
shronke
a
syde
into
some
other
way
for
feare
of
takynge
.
¶
Of
the
conclusion
.
THe
conclusion
is
as
I
haue
said
afore
in
briefe
repetynge
of
the
effecte
of
our
reasons
/
&
in
mouynge
the
Iudges
to
our
purpose
.
The
ac
cuser
to
punysshe
the
persone
accused
.
The
defender
/
to
moue
hym
to
pity
.
¶
Of
the
state
iuridiciall
/
and
the
handelynge
thereof
.
AS
state
coniectural
cometh
out
of
this
questyon
(
who
dyd
the
dede
)
so
whan
there
is
no
doubt
but
that
the
dede
is
done
/
and
who
dyd
it
/
many
tymes
controuersy
is
had
/
whether
it
hath
ben
done
laufully
or
nat
.
And
this
state
is
negociall
or
iuridiciall
/
whiche
conteyneth
the
right
or
wronge
of
the
dede
.
As
in
the
oracyon
of
Tully
for
Milo
/
the
state
is
iuridiciall
/
for
open
it
was
that
Clodius
was
slayn
/
and
that
Milo
slew
hym
/
but
whether
he
kylled
hym
laufully
or
nat
:
is
the
controuersy
and
state
of
the
cause
,
as
I
haue
afore
declared
.
¶
The
preamble
and
narracion
as
afore
.
❧
THe
confirmacion
hath
certayn
places
appropred
thereto
/
but
here
must
be
marked
that
state
negociall
is
double
/
absolute
/
&
assūptyue
.
¶
State
negociall
absolute
is
whan
the
thynge
that
is
in
controuersy
is
absolutely
defended
to
be
laufully
done
.
As
in
the
oracion
of
Tulli
for
Milo
/
the
dede
is
styfly
affirmed
to
be
lawfully
done
in
sleyng
Clodius
/
seynge
that
Milo
dyd
it
in
his
owne
defence
/
for
the
law
permitteth
to
repell
violence
violently
.
¶
The
places
of
confirmacion
in
state
absolute
are
these
/
nature
/
law
/
custome
/
equity
or
reason
/
iugement
/
necessity
/
bargayne
or
couenant
.
¶
Of
the
whiche
places
Tully
in
his
oracion
for
Milo
bryngeth
in
the
more
parte
to gyther
in
a
cluster
on
this
maner
.
❧
IF
reason
hath
prescrybed
this
to
lerned
and
wise
men
/
and
necessity
hath
dryuen
it
into
barbarous
and
rude
folke
/
&
custome
kepeth
it
among
all
nacions
/
and
nature
hathe
planted
it
in
bruite
beestes
/
that
euery
creature
shuld
defende
hym selfe
and
saue
his
lyfe
and
his
body
from
all
violence
by
any
maner
of
socour
/
what
meanes
or
way
so
euer
it
were
.
you
can
nat
iuge
this
dede
euyll
done
/
except
you
wyll
iudge
that
whan
men
mete
with
theuys
or
murderers
/
they
must
either
be
slayne
by
the
wepons
of
suche
vnthryfty
and
malicious
persones
:
either
els
perysshe
by
your
sentence
gyuen
in
iugement
vpon
them
.
¶
State
assumptiue
is
whan
the
defence
is
feble
of
it selfe
/
but
yet
it
may
be
holpeu
by
some
other
thynge
added
to
it
.
And
the
places
longynge
to
this
state
are
grauntynge
of
the
faute
/
remouynge
of
the
faut
/
or
(
as
we
say
in
our
tongue
)
layeng
it
from
vs
to
an
other
/
&
tanslatynge
of
the
faute
.
¶
Brauntyng
of
the
faut
is
whan
the
per
son
accused
denteth
nat
the
dede
/
but
yet
he
desyreth
to
be
forgyuen
/
&
it
hath
.
ii
.
places
mo
annexyd
to
it
/
purgacion
&
deprecacion
.
¶
Puxgacion
is
whan
he
sayeth
he
dyd
it
nat
maliciously
:
but
by
ignorance
or
mishap
whiche
place
Cato
vseth
ironiously
in
Salust
/
thus
.
My
minde
is
that
ye
haue
pyty
with
you
/
for
they
that
haue
don
amysse
be
but
very
yonge
men
/
and
desyre
of
honour
draue
them
to
it
.
¶
Deprecacion
is
whan
we
haue
non
excuse
:
but
we
call
vpon
the
Iustices
mercy
.
The
handelynge
whereof
Tulli
wryteth
in
his
boke
of
inuencion
thus
.
HE
that
laboreth
to
be
forgyuen
of
his
faut
/
must
reherce
(
yf
he
can
)
som
benefytes
of
his
/
done
afore
tyme
/
and
shew
that
they
be
farre
greater
in
theyr
nature
than
is
the
cryme
that
he
hathe
commytted
/
so
that
(
how
be
it
he
hath
done
greatly
amysse
)
yet
the
goodnes
of
his
fore
merites
are
farre
bygger
/
and
so
may
well
oppresse
this
one
faut
.
Nexte
after
that
it
behoueth
hym
to
haue
refuge
to
the
merytes
of
his
elders
/
yf
there
be
any
/
and
to
open
them
.
That
don
/
he
must
retourne
to
the
place
of
purgacion
/
and
shewe
that
he
dyd
nat
the
dede
for
any
hate
or
malyce
/
but
either
by
folysshnes
/
or
els
by
the
entisement
of
som
other
/
or
for
some
prouable
cause
.
And
than
promise
faithfully
that
this
faut
shall
teche
hym
to
beware
from
thens
forth
/
and
also
that
theyr
benefytes
that
forgyue
hym
shal
bynde
hym
assuredly
neuer
to
do
so
more
/
but
perpetually
to
abhorre
any
suche
offence
/
and
with
that
to
shewe
some
great
hope
ones
to
make
them
a
great
recompence
&
pleasure
therfore
agayne
.
After
this
let
hym
(
yf
he
can
)
declare
som
kynred
betwene
them
&
hym
/
or
frendshyp
of
his
elders
/
&
amplifye
the
greatenes
of
his
seruice
&
good
harte
towarde
them
/
yf
it
shall
please
them
to
forgiue
this
faut
/
&
adde
the
nobility
of
theym
that
wolde
fayne
haue
hym
delyuered
.
And
than
he
shall
soberly
declare
his
owne
vectucs
and
suche
thynges
as
ve
in
hym
perteynyng
to
honesty
&
prayse
/
that
he
may
by
these
meanes
seme
rather
worthy
to
be
auauticed
in
honour
for
his
good
qualities
/
than
to
be
punished
for
his
fall
.
¶
This
done
/
let
hym
reherce
some
other
that
haue
be
forgyuen
greater
fautes
than
this
is
.
It
shall
also
greatly
auayle
yf
he
can
shewe
that
he
hathe
in
tyme
afore
ben
in
auctoritie
and
bare
a
rule
ouer
other
/
in
the
whiche
he
was
neuer
but
gentyll
and
glad
to
forgyue
them
that
had
offended
vnderneth
hym
.
And
than
let
hym
crtenuate
his
owne
faute
/
and
shew
that
there
folowed
nat
so
great
damage
therof
/
and
that
but
lytle
profyte
or
honesty
wyll
folowe
of
his
punysshment
.
And
finally
than
by
comon
places
to
moue
the
iudge
to
mercy
&
pitic
vpon
hym
.
¶
The
aduersary
must
(
as
I
haue
shewed
afore
)
vse
for
his
purpose
contrary
places
.
¶
Some
Rhetoriciens
put
no
mo
places
of
deprecacion
than
only
this
that
is
here
last
reherced
of
Tulli
/
that
is
to
do
our
best
to
moue
the
iustice
to
mercy
and
pity
.
¶
Remocion
of
the
faute
is
whan
we
put
it
from
vs
and
lay
it
to
another
.
¶
Example
.
THe
Uenecians
haue
commaunded
certayue
to
go
in
ambassade
to
Englande
/
and
thereuppon
appointed
theym
what
they
shal
haue
to
bere
their
charges
/
whiche
money
assigned
:
they
can
nat
get
of
the
treasouter
:
At
the
daye
appoynted
they
go
nat
/
whereupon
they
are
accused
to
the
Senate
.
Here
they
must
ley
the
faut
from
them
to
the
treasoucer
/
which
dispatched
them
nat
accordyng
/
as
it
was
ordeyned
that
he
shulde
.
¶
Translacion
of
the
faut
is
/
whan
he
that
confesseth
his
faut
sayeth
that
he
dyd
it
:
moued
by
the
indignacion
of
the
maliciouse
dede
of
an
other
.
¶
Example
.
Hynge
Agamennon
/
which
was
chief
capitayne
of
the
Grekes
at
the
siege
of
Troye
/
whan
he
cam
home
was
slayue
of
Egistus
by
the
treason
of
Clitenestra
his
owne
wyfe
/
which
murder
his
son
Orestes
seynge
/
whan
he
cam
to
mannes
state
/
reuenged
his
fathers
dethe
on
his
mother
/
&
slew
her
/
whereupon
he
was
accused
.
Here
Orestes
can
nat
deny
but
he
slew
his
mother
:
But
he
layeth
for
hym
that
his
mothers
abhominable
iniury
constrayned
him
thereto
/
by
cause
she
slew
his
father
.
And
this
is
the
handelynge
of
confirmacion
in
state
assumptiue
.
¶
The
conclusions
in
these
oracions
are
lyke
to
the
conclusions
of
other
.
¶
Of
state
legitime
/
and
the
handelyng
therof
.
STate
legitime
is
whan
the
controuersy
standeth
in
definicion
or
contrary
lawes
/
or
doutfull
wrytynges
/
or
raciocinacion
/
or
translacion
.
¶
Of
definicion
.
DEfinicion
(
as
Tully
wryteth
)
is
whan
in
any
wrytynge
is
some
worde
put
/
the
significacion
wherof
requireth
exposicion
.
¶
Example
.
A
Lawe
may
be
made
that
suche
as
forsake
a
shyppe
in
tyme
of
tempest
shulde
lese
theyr
ryght
that
they
haue
/
either
in
the
shyppe
or
in
any
goodes
within
the
same
vessell
/
&
that
they
shal
haue
the
shyp
&
the
goodes
that
abyde
styll
in
her
.
¶
It
chaunced
.
11.
men
to
be
in
a
lytle
crayer
/
of
the
whiche
vessell
the
one
man
was
both
owner
and
gouernour
/
and
the
other
:
possessour
of
the
goodes
.
And
as
they
were
in
the
mayne
see
/
they
espied
one
that
was
swymmynge
in
the
see
/
and
as
well
as
he
coulde
holdyng
vp
his
handes
to
them
for
socour
/
wherupon
they
(
beyng
moued
with
pitie
)
made
towarde
hym
/
&
toke
hym
vp
.
within
a
lytle
after
arose
a
greate
tempest
vpon
them
/
and
put
them
in
suche
ieopardy
that
the
owner
of
the
shyp
(
which
was
also
gouernour
)
lepte
out
of
the
shyp
into
the
shyp
bote
/
and
with
the
rope
that
tyed
the
bote
to
the
shyp
:
he
gouerned
the
shyp
as
well
as
he
coulde
.
The
marchant
that
was
within
the
shyp
/
for
greate
dispayre
of
the
losse
of
his
goodes
/
wyllyng
to
slee
him selfe
:
threst
hym selfe
in
with
his
owne
sword
/
but
as
it
chaunced
the
wounde
was
neyther
mortall
nor
very
greuouse
/
but
natwithstandyng
for
that
tyme
he
was
vnable
to
do
any
good
in
helpyng
the
shyp
against
the
impetuousnes
of
the
storme
.
The
thyrd
man
(
whiche
nat
longe
afore
had
suffered
shyp
wracke
)
gate
hym
to
the
sterne
/
and
holpe
the
vessell
the
best
that
laye
in
hym
.
At
lengthe
the
storme
seaced
/
and
the
shyp
came
safe
into
the
hauen
/
bote
&
all
.
He
that
was
hurt
(
by
helpe
of
chirurgiens
)
recoue
red
anon
.
Now
euery
of
these
thre
chalenge
the
shyp
&
goodis
as
his
owne
.
Here
euery
man
layeth
for
hym
the
lawe
aboue
reherced
/
and
all
theyr
controuersy
lyeth
in
the
expoundynge
of
thre
wordes
/
abydynge
in
the
shyp
/
and
forsakynge
the
shyp
/
&
what
we
shal
in
suche
case
call
the
shyp
/
whether
the
bote
as
part
of
the
shyp
:
or
els
the
shyp
it selfe
alone
.
¶
The
handelynge
hereof
is
.
Fyrst
in
few
wordes
and
playne
to
declare
the
significacion
of
the
worde
to
our
purpose
/
and
after
suche
maner
as
may
seme
resonable
to
the
audience
.
Ner●…e
/
after
suche
exposicion
to
declare
and
proue
the
sayd
exposicion
true
/
with
as
many
argumentes
as
we
can
.
Thyrdely
to
ioyne
our
dede
with
the
exposicion
/
&
to
shew
that
we
onely
dyd
obserue
the
very
entent
of
the
lawe
.
Than
to
refell
the
exposicion
of
our
aduersaries
/
&
to
shew
that
their
exposicion
is
contrary
to
reason
and
equitie
/
and
that
no
wyse
man
wyll
so
take
the
law
as
they
expounde
it
/
and
that
the
exposicion
is
neither
honest
nor
profytable
/
and
to
couster
theyr
exposicion
with
oures
/
and
to
shew
that
oures
conteyneth
the
veritie
/
and
theyrs
is
falce
.
Oures
honest
/
reasonable
/
&
profitable
:
Theyrs
clene
contrarye
.
And
than
serche
out
lyke
examples
/
either
of
greater
maters
or
of
lesse
/
or
els
of
egall
maters
/
and
to
manifest
by
thē
that
our
mynde
is
the
very
truthe
.
¶
Contrary
lawes
are
where
the
tone
semeth
euidently
to
contrarye
the
other
.
As
yf
a
law
were
that
he
whom
his
father
hath
forsaken
for
his
sonne
/
shall
in
no
wyse
haue
any
porcion
of
his
fathers
goodes
.
And
an
other
law
/
that
who
so
euer
in
tyme
of
tem
pest
abydeth
in
the
shyp
:
shall
haue
the
shyp
and
goodes
.
Than
pose
that
one
whiche
was
of
his
father
so
abiecte
and
deuyed
for
his
chylde
:
was
in
a
shyp
of
his
fathers
in
tyme
of
sore
wether
/
&
whan
all
other
for
feareof
lesynge
them selfe
forsoke
the
shyp
&
gate
them
into
the
bote
:
he
onely
abodc
/
and
by
chaunce
was
safe
brought
into
the
hauen
/
wherupon
he
chalengeth
the
vessell
for
his
/
where
as
the
party
defendant
wyll
lay
against
hym
that
he
is
abdicate
or
forsaken
of
his
father
/
and
so
can
nat
by
the
law
haue
any
parte
of
his
goodes
.
Here
must
he
say
agayn
for
hym
that
this
law
alleged
doth
all
only
priuate
from
theyr
fathers
goodes
suche
as
be
abdicate
&
yet
wolde
chalenge
a
part
as
his
children
/
but
that
he
doth
nat
so
/
but
requireth
to
haue
the
shyp
/
nat
as
a
son
to
his
father
:
but
as
any
other
straunger
myght
/
seyng
the
law
gyueth
him
the
shyp
that
abideth
in
her
in
time
of
necessity
.
And
so
the
handelynge
of
this
state
/
either
to
deny
one
of
that
lawes
&
shew
that
it
hath
ben
afore
anulled
/
or
els
to
expounde
it
after
the
sence
that
is
mete
to
our
purpose
.
¶
Doubtfull
writynge
is
where
either
the
mynde
of
the
author
semeth
to
be
contrary
to
that
that
is
wryten
/
which
som
call
wrytynge
&
sentence
/
or
els
it
is
whan
the
wordes
may
be
expounded
dyuers
wayes
.
¶
Example
of
the
fyrst
.
MEn
say
it
is
a
law
in
Caleys
that
no
straunger
may
go
vppon
the
towne
walles
on
payne
of
dethe
.
Now
than
pose
that
in
tyme
of
warre
the
towne
beynge
harde
besieged
/
an
alien
dwellynge
in
the
towne
getteth
hym
to
the
walles
amonge
the
soudiers
/
&
doeth
more
good
than
any
one
man
agayn
.
Now
after
the
siege
ended
he
is
accused
for
transgressyng
of
the
law
:
which
in
wordes
is
euidently
against
him
.
But
here
the
defendaunt
must
declare
the
wryters
mynde
by
circumstaunces
/
what
straunger
he
dyd
forbyd
/
and
what
tyme
,
and
after
what
maner
/
and
in
what
intent
he
wolde
nat
haue
any
straunger
to
come
on
the
walles
/
&
in
what
intent
his
mynde
might
be
vnderstanden
to
suffre
an
alien
to
go
vpon
the
walles
.
And
here
must
the
effect
of
the
straungers
wyll
be
declared
/
that
he
went
vp
to
defend
the
towne
to
put
back
their
enemies
.
And
therto
he
must
say
that
the
maker
was
nat
so
vndiscrete
&
vnreasonable
that
he
wolde
haue
no
maner
of
excepcion
which
shuld
be
to
the
welth
/
profite
/
or
preseruacion
of
the
towne
.
For
he
that
wyll
nat
haue
the
law
to
be
vnderstanden
ac
cordyng
to
equitie
/
good
maner
/
&
nature
/
entendeth
to
proue
the
maker
therof
either
an
vniust
man
/
or
folyssh
or
enuiouse
.
¶
The
accuser
contraryly
shall
praise
the
maker
of
the
law
for
his
great
wisdom
/
for
his
playne
writyng
without
any
maner
of
ambiguity
/
that
no
straunger
shulde
presume
to
go
vpon
the
walles
/
&
reherce
the
law
word
for
worde
/
&
than
shew
som
reasonable
cause
that
mouyd
the
maker
of
the
law
that
he
wolde
vtterly
that
no
straunger
shulde
ascende
the
walles
.
&c.
Erample
of
the
second
.
A
Man
in
his
testament
gyueth
to
two
yonge
doughters
that
he
hathe
two
hundred
shepe
/
to
be
delyuered
at
the
day
of
theyr
maryage
/
on
this
maner
.
☞
I
wyll
that
myne
executoures
shall
gyue
to
my
doughters
at
the
tyme
of
theyr
maryage
euery
of
theym
an
hundred
shepe
/
suche
as
they
wyll
.
At
the
tyme
of
maryage
they
demaunde
theyr
cattell
/
whiche
the
executours
deliuer
nat
of
suche
sort
as
the
maydens
wold
/
wherupon
the
controuersy
ariseth
.
For
the
executours
say
they
are
bounde
to
delyuer
to
euery
of
them
an
hundred
shepe
/
suche
as
they
that
be
the
executours
will
.
Now
vere
standeth
the
dout
/
to
whom
we
shall
referre
this
worde
they
/
to
the
doughters
/
or
to
the
executours
.
The
maydens
say
nay
thereto
/
but
that
it
was
theyr
fathers
mynde
that
they
shulde
haue
euery
of
theym
an
.
C.
shepe
/
suche
as
they
that
be
the
doughters
wyll
.
¶
The
handelyng
of
doutfull
wrytyng
is
to
shew
yf
it
be
possible
that
it
is
nat
wryten
doutfully
by
cause
it
is
the
comon
maner
to
take
it
after
as
we
saye
/
&
that
it
may
sone
be
knowen
by
suche
wordes
as
partely
go
before
that
clause
&
ꝑtly
folow
/
&
that
there
be
few
wordes
/
but
if
they
be
considered
so
alone
/
they
may
anon
be
taken
doubtfully
.
And
first
we
shal
shew
if
we
can
yt
it
is
nat
doubtfully
wryten
/
for
there
is
no
reasonable
man
:
but
be
wyll
take
it
as
we
say
.
Than
shal
we
declare
by
that
that
goeth
afore
/
&
foloweth
/
that
it
is
clerly
eum
as
we
say
/
&
that
yf
we
consider
the
wordes
of
them selfe
they
wyll
seme
to
be
of
ambiguity
/
but
seynge
they
may
by
the
rest
of
the
wrytynge
be
euident
ynough
/
they
ought
nat
to
be
ta
ken
as
doubtfull
.
And
than
shew
that
yf
it
had
beu
his
minde
that
made
the
writyng
to
haue
it
taken
as
the
aduersarye
sayeth
:
he
neded
net
to
haue
wryten
any
suche
wordes
.
As
in
the
example
now
put
/
the
maydens
may
say
that
yf
it
had
ben
theyr
fathers
mynde
that
the
executours
shoulde
haue
delyuered
suche
shepe
as
it
had
pleased
them
to
delyuer
:
he
neded
nat
to
haue
added
these
wordes
suche
as
they
wyll
.
For
yt
they
had
nat
ben
put
/
it
wolde
nat
haue
ben
dought
but
that
the
executours
delyuerynge
euery
of
them
an
hundred
shepe
(
what
so
euer
they
were
)
had
fulfylled
the
wyll
/
and
coulde
haue
ben
no
further
compelled
/
wherfore
if
his
mynde
was
as
they
say
/
it
was
a
great
folye
to
put
in
tho
wordes
whiche
made
a
playne
mater
to
be
vnplaine
.
And
than
finally
shew
it
is
more
ho
nest
and
conuenient
to
expounde
it
as
we
say
:
than
as
our
aduersaries
do
.
¶
Raciocinacion
is
whan
the
mater
is
in
controuersy
/
wherupon
no
law
is
deereed
/
but
yet
the
iugement
therof
may
be
founde
out
by
lawes
made
vpon
maters
somdele
resemblynge
thereunto
.
¶
As
in
Rome
was
this
law
made
/
that
yf
any
persone
were
distraught
/
his
possessions
and
goodes
shulde
come
to
the
handes
of
his
next
kynne
.
¶
And
an
other
law
/
what
any
householder
doth
ordeyn
&
make
as
coueernyng
his
householde
and
other
goodes
/
it
is
approbate
and
confirmed
by
the
law
.
¶
And
an
other
law
/
if
any
housholder
dye
intestate
/
his
money
&
other
goodes
shal
remayne
to
his
next
kyn
.
¶
It
chaunced
one
to
kyll
his
owne
mother
/
wherupon
he
was
taken
&
condempned
to
deth
/
but
while
he
lay
in
pryson
/
certayn
of
his
familiare
frendes
cam
thyder
to
hym
/
&
brought
with
them
a
clerke
to
wryte
his
testament
/
whiche
he
there
made
/
&
made
suche
executours
as
it
pleased
hym
.
After
his
deth
his
kynnesmen
chalenge
his
goodis
/
his
executours
say
then
nay
/
wherupon
ariseth
controuersy
afore
the
iustice
.
¶
There
is
no
law
made
vpon
this
case
/
whether
he
that
hath
killed
his
mother
may
make
any
testament
or
nat
/
but
it
may
be
reasoned
on
bothe
ꝑties
by
the
lawes
aboue
reherced
.
The
kynsmen
shal
allege
the
law
made
for
them
that
be
out
of
theyr
myndis
/
p̄supposyng
hym
nat
to
be
in
moche
other
case
/
or
els
he
wold
nat
haue
don
the
dede
.
The
contrary
parte
shall
allege
the
other
law
/
&
shew
that
it
was
none
alienacion
of
mynde
:
but
som
other
cause
that
moued
hym
to
it
/
&
that
he
hathe
had
his
punysshment
therfore
/
whiche
he
shulde
nat
haue
suffred
of
conuenient
if
he
had
ben
besyde
him selfe
.
¶
Translation
is
whiche
the
lawyers
call
excepcion
/
as
yf
the
person
accused
pleade
that
it
is
nat
lawfull
for
the
tother
to
accuse
hym
/
or
that
the
Iuge
can
be
no
iuge
in
that
cause
.
&c.
☞
¶
The
conclusion
of
the
Author
.
THese
are
my
speciall
and
singuler
good
Lorde
whiche
I
haue
purposed
to
wryte
as
touchyng
the
chief
poynt
of
the
.iiii
.
that
I
sayd
in
the
begynnyng
to
long
to
a
Rhetoricien
/
&
which
is
more
difficulty
than
the
other
.
iii.
so
that
it
ones
had
/
there
is
no
very
great
maistry
to
com
by
the
resydue
.
Natwithstandynge
yf
I
se
that
it
be
fyrste
acceptable
to
your
good
lordship
/
in
whom
next
god
&
his
holy
saintes
I
haue
put
my
chief
confidence
&
trust
/
&
after
that
yf
I
fynde
that
it
seme
to
the
reders
a
thing
worthy
to
be
loked
on
/
&
that
your
lordshyp
&
they
think
nat
my
labour
taken
in
vayne
:
I
wyll
assay
my selfe
in
the
other
partes
/
&
so
make
&
accomplyssh
the
hole
werk
.
But
now
I
haue
followed
the
facion
of
Tulli
/
who
made
a
seuerall
werke
of
muencion
.
And
though
many
thynges
be
left
out
of
this
treatyse
that
ought
to
be
spoken
of
/
yet
I
suppose
that
this
shall
be
sufficyent
for
an
introduction
to
yonge
begynners
/
for
whome
all
onely
this
booke
is
made
.
For
other
that
ben
entred
all
redy
shall
haue
lytle
nede
of
my
labour
/
but
they
may
seke
more
meter
thynges
for
theyr
purpose
/
either
in
Hermogines
amonge
the
Grekes
/
or
els
Tullie
or
Trapesonce
/
amonge
the
Latines
.
And
to
them
that
be
yonge
begynners
nothynge
can
be
to
playne
or
to
short
/
wherfore
Horace
i
his
boke
of
the
craft
of
Poetry
sayth
.
☞
Quicquid
precipies
esto
breuis
vt
cito
di●…
Percipiant
animi
dociles
teneant
q
fideles
.
☞
what
so
euer
ye
wyll
teache
(
sayeth
he
)
be
briefe
therin
/
that
the
myndes
of
the
herers
or
reders
may
the
caslyer
perceyue
it
/
and
the
better
bere
it
away
.
And
the
Emperour
Iustinian
sayeth
in
the
fyrste
boke
of
his
institucions
in
the
paragraph
of
iustice
and
right
/
that
ouer
great
curiosity
in
the
fyrst
principles
/
make
hym
that
is
studiouse
of
the
facultie
either
to
forsake
it
:
or
els
to
attayne
it
with
very
great
and
tedyouse
labour
/
and
many
tymes
with
great
dispayre
to
com
to
the
ende
of
his
purpose
.
And
for
this
cause
I
haue
ben
farre
lesse
curiouse
than
I
wolde
els
haue
ben
/
and
also
a
great
dele
the
shorter
.
If
this
my
labour
may
please
your
lordeshyp
/
it
is
the
thynge
that
I
do
in
it
moost
desyre
/
but
yf
it
seme
bothe
to
you
and
other
a
thyng
that
is
very
rude
and
skant
worthe
the
lokynge
on
:
yet
Aristotles
wordes
shal
confort
me
/
who
sayeth
that
men
be
nat
onely
bounde
to
good
authors
:
but
also
to
bad
/
bicause
that
by
their
wrytynge
they
haue
prouoked
cunnynger
men
to
take
the
mater
on
hande
/
whiche
wolde
els
peraduenture
haue
helde
theyr
peace
.
Truely
there
is
nothyuge
that
I
wolde
be
more
gladder
of
/
than
yf
it
might
chaunce
me
on
this
maner
to
cause
theym
that
be
of
moche
better
lernynge
and
in
this
arte
than
I
/
of
whom
I
am
very
sure
that
this
realme
hath
greate
plenty
/
that
they
wold
set
the
penne
to
the
paper
/
and
by
their
industry
obscure
my
rude
ignoraunce
.
In
the
meane
space
I
beseche
the
reders
/
yf
they
fynde
any
thynge
therein
that
may
do
them
any
profyte
/
that
they
gyue
the
thankes
to
god
and
to
your
lordshyp
/
and
that
they
wyll
of
theyr
charitie
pray
vnto
the
blessyd
Trinite
for
me
/
that
whan
it
shall
please
the
godhed
to
take
me
from
this
transitory
lyfe
/
I
may
by
his
merey
be
of
the
nombre
of
his
elect
to
perpetuall
saluacion
.
☞
❧
☜