THE
SVRVEY
OF
THE
great
Dukes
State
of
Tuscany
.
TVscany
,
anciently
called
Hetruria
,
It
is
in
length
,
if
you
measure
along
the
Sea-coast
,
Leander
Alberti
the
latest
and
exactest
Surueyour
of
Italie
,
reconcile
the
authorities
of
Strabe
,
Plyny
,
and
Ptolomey
.
But
allowing
sixtie
miles
to
a
Degree
,
it
is
in
length
one
hundred
and
nintie
miles
,
which
is
now
the
receaued
opinion
.
It
is
in
bredth
,
one
hundred
where
least
,
faccio
vberei
saith
,
seauen
hundred
.
Il
giro
suo
per
quel
che
si
ragiona
,
E'
misuratu
settecentu
miglia
,
E
Roma
qui
,
l'honor
che
l'incorona
.
It
is
limitted
,
Terra
di
Roma
South-east
with
the
Dutchy
of
Spoletu
,
East
with
the
State
of
Vrbine
,
Northeast
with
Romagna
,
North
with
the
state
of
Bologna
,
Northwest
with
Lyguria
,
West
and
South-west
with
the
Sea
.
These
are
the
limits
set
downe
by
Polybius
,
Plyny
,
Pomponius
,
Mela
,
Solynus
,
Ptolomey
,
and
all
other
ancient
writers
:
neither
are
we
to
enlarge
this
countrey
so
farre
,
as
they
that
affirme
the
Tuscans
possessed
all
betweene
the
Adriatick
and
Mediterranean
Seas
,
from
Nola
in
the
kingdome
of
Naples
,
to
the
Mountaines
Rhesy
,
which
is
now
the
Grisons
Countrey
,
and
they
say
are
come
of
the
old
Tuscans
.
True
it
is
that
these
Tuscans
were
a
mightie
and
powerfull
people
,
such
as
oftentimes
forced
the
Romaines
to
create
a
Dictator
(
which
but
in
great
extremities
they
might
not
do
)
to
defend
themselues
from
them
:
vntill
the
foure
hundred
and
seauenth
yeare
after
the
foundation
of
Rome
,
when
they
were
vtterly
ouerthrowne
at
the
Lake
of
Vadi●one
,
as
Lyuie
in
his
ninth
booke
affirmeth
.
Nor
did
the
Romaines
bring
home
onely
glory
,
triumph
and
spoiles
,
from
the
conquered
Tuscans
,
which
argued
the
greatnesse
of
this
nation
:
but
they
brought
with
them
also
(
which
argueth
their
antiquity
)
the
habite
of
their
youth
,
called
Pratexta
,
the
roabe
of
their
elder
age
called
Toga
,
the
twelue
Bundles
of
Roddes
and
Axes
carried
before
the
Consuls
,
called
fasces
:
the
seate
of
their
Praetors
and
other
Iudges
carried
vpon
wheeles
,
called
Sedes
curulis
the
Robe
of
the
chiefe
Magistrate
,
triumphall
ornaments
,
and
many
other
such
ensignes
of
auncient
greatnesse
and
Maiestie
;
all
which
were
brought
thence
to
Rome
by
Tarquinius
Priscus
:
whereof
Syluius
Italicus
in
his
8
booke
reporteth
,
confirmed
by
Dionisius
Alicarnosseus
.
From
this
Nation
likewise
whom
the
Greekes
called
Tirrheni
of
Firsos
their
poore
kinde
of
Cottage
,
and
the
Romaines
first
called
Hetrusci
of
their
religious
worshipping
the
Gods
,
did
the
Romaines
also
bring
many
of
those
rites
and
ceremonies
which
they
afterward
vsed
in
their
religion
.
As
Delphos
is
called
by
Ptolomey
Vmbelicus
Mundi
,
Vmbelicus
Italia
:
howbeit
in
a
Geometricall
proportion
,
that
is
,
in
the
middest
of
the
forces
of
Italy
:
hauing
on
th'
one
side
the
state
Ecclesiasticke
,
the
kingdome
of
Naples
,
and
Dutchy
of
Frbyne
:
and
on
the
other
counter-peasable
to
these
,
the
States
of
Venice
,
Myllan
and
Genoa
,
the
Dukedomes
of
Ferrara
,
Manto●a
,
and
Parma
,
and
this
State
in
the
middest
of
the
ballance
,
on
which
side
socuer
it
inclineth
,
ouerweighing
the
other
.
This
is
that
which
Guiccardine
saith
in
the
very
entrance
of
his
Historie
,
that
the
wisdome
of
Lorenzo
Medici
,
and
the
scituation
of
the
state
of
Florence
,
Mantennero
le
cose
●
Italia
bilanciate
,
vpheld
th'
affaires
of
Italy
in
equall
Ballance
.
On
which
ground
also
Lodouico
Zforza
Duke
of
Millan
layeth
his
foundation
,
for
the
reason
he
vseth
in
the
third
booke
of
the
said
historie
:
who
very
iealous
of
the
Venetians
greatnesse
,
hauing
now
vndertaken
the
protection
of
Pisa
,
and
fearfull
withall
of
the
Frenches
returne
into
Italy
:
he
laboureth
the
Pope
and
King
of
Aragon
,
to
enter
into
a
confederation
with
the
Florentines
,
and
to
re-inuest
them
of
Pisa
,
inferring
,
that
by
this
meanes
the
French
forces
might
be
diuerted
,
which
otherwise
with
the
helpe
of
this
state
(
being
seated
in
the
middest
of
Italy
▪
might
effect
matters
of
preiudiciall
consequent
to
all
three
:
so
fitly
stands
it
either
to
dispeople
the
enimies
forces
,
or
to
reinforce
their
owne
.
And
therefore
Guiccardine
very
iudicially
determineth
,
that
it
was
a
powerfull
estate
,
rather
per
l'opportunità
del
cito
,
che
per
la
grandezza
del
Dominio
,
by
the
fitnesse
of
the
scituation
,
then
by
the
greatnesse
of
the
Dominion
.
But
if
we
define
the
middest
of
Italy
in
an
Arithmeticall
proportion
,
that
is
,
the
center
equally
distant
from
both
extreams
,
it
will
appeare
to
be
true
which
Pliny
and
Varro
report
,
confirmed
also
by
Leander
Albert●
,
concerning
Lago
di
p●e
del
luco
,
which
Taci●us
in
his
first
booke
calleth
Lacus
Velnius
,
in
Sabina
which
they
hold
to
be
the
middest
of
Italy
.
Concerning
the
Riuers
of
worth
there
be
few
,
Tiber
,
Arno
is
their
chiefe
:
This
Riuer
was
so
named
by
Hercule
Lybicus
whose
surnames
were
Libarno
,
that
is
,
the
Lyon
of
Lybia
:
and
Musarno
that
is
,
the
learned
and
valiant
,
for
Ar
in
the
Arabian
tongue
signifies
a
Lyon
.
He
was
the
sonne
of
Osyris
and
Isis
,
called
Iupiter
and
Iuno
by
the
Greekes
,
and
grand-childe
of
Ianus
called
by
the
Greekes
Ogyger
,
and
by
the
Chaldeans
and
Hebrews
Noah
:
wherevpon
stand
the
Citties
of
Florence
and
Pisa
,
Serchio
which
runneth
by
Lucca
:
Ombrone
by
Pistoia
,
Bisentio
by
Prato
,
Chiana
which
passeth
by
the
vale
of
Arezzo
,
and
falleth
into
the
Arno
:
Mogn●ne
which
runneth
neere
Ciuita
vecchia
into
the
Sea
,
Fiero
which
deuideth
the
great
Dukes
state
and
the
Popes
towards
the
Tuscan
sea
,
&
Paglia
which
deuides
those
two
states
towards
the
Appennin●●
,
ouer
which
we
passe
by
a
bridge
built
by
Gregory
the
13.
in
our
iourney
from
Florence
to
Rome
betweene
Rodicofany
and
Aquapendente
:
that
,
belonging
to
the
great
Duke
:
this
,
to
the
Pope
.
True
it
is
,
that
Guicciardini
in
the
4.
booke
of
his
History
,
and
namely
in
that
part
of
the
booke
which
by
order
of
th'
inquisition
is
left
out
of
all
alowed
copies
,
(
because
in
this
place
,
though
himselfe
were
the
Popes
creature
,
and
had
great
charge
vnder
him
,
)
yet
he
fully
,
learnedly
,
and
truly
sheweth
how
by
little
and
little
,
and
by
bad
meanes
the
Church
grew
to
her
greatnesse
,
how
she
came
not
onely
to
quit
her
obedience
to
the
empire
,
but
to
haue
also
a
power
and
stroke
in
the
election
of
the
Emperour
himselfe
,
not
onely
to
make
the
Pope
gouernour
of
Rome
,
but
to
incroach
also
vpon
the
Territories
and
Citties
of
Romagna
,
the
Marquisate
of
Ancina
,
the
Dutchie
of
Spoletum
and
Beneuentum
the
superiority
ouer
the
kingdome
of
Naples
▪
and
the
possession
of
that
part
of
Tuscany
(
now
called
the
Patrimony
of
S.
Peter
)
he
I
say
,
diuideth
the
Popes
state
in
this
Country
from
the
rest
of
Tuscany
,
thus
.
Eterminata
dal
torrente
di
Pescia
&
dal
Castello
di
San
Luirico
nel
Con●ado
di
Siena
da
vna
banda
:
&
dall
altra
dal
Mare
di
sotto
,
&
dal
fuime
di
Teuere
:
that
is
:
it
is
limited
on
the
one
side
with
the
Riuer
Pescia
,
and
the
Castell
Saint
Luirick
in
the
territories
of
Siena
,
and
on
the
other
,
with
the
Riuer
Tyber
,
and
the
Tyrrhene
Sea
.
But
,
I
rather
tie
my selfe
to
the
former
limits
,
for
that
the
Paglia
is
farre
beyond
Saint
Luirick
,
whether
the
great
Dukes
state
now
reacheth
.
There
is
also
C●cina
which
riseth
a
little
aboue
the
Cittie
of
Massa
,
and
so
passing
along
the
Countrey
of
Volterra
fulleth
into
the
Sea
,
with
many
such
other
,
which
in
England
we
rather
call
Brookes
or
Riuerets
;
for
of
all
these
there
are
few
sit
either
for
burthen
or
Boate
in
Summer
,
except
the
Arno
,
yet
heere
often
times
scarce
water
for
a
Mill
,
as
by
their
deuises
at
Florence
to
penne
it
vp
appeareth
.
The
reasons
that
the
waters
of
this
State
are
so
small
,
be
two
:
the
former
is
,
the
violence
of
their
downefall
from
the
hilles
,
the
better
is
because
their
heads
are
so
neare
to
the
Sea
as
they
cannot
haue
space
to
be
enlarged
by
the
receipt
of
other
lesser
Brookes
;
by
which
meanes
onely
all
Riuers
grow
great
,
as
namely
the
Rheine
and
Danowe
,
whereof
this
last
hath
from
his
head
,
which
is
in
the
Forrest
Nera
to
the
Mare
Maggiore
,
where
he
payeth
his
tribute
aboue
two
thousand
miles
,
and
receaueth
into
his
bed
by
the
way
three
score
nauigable
Riuers
.
The
Lakes
in
this
State
,
are
neither
many
nor
great
,
nothing
so
faire
or
fruitfull
as
those
of
Lombardy
namely
Lago
di
Garda
,
Lago
d
Ise●
,
Lago
d
Como
,
and
Lago
Maggiore
:
the
chiefe
in
Tuscany
are
these
,
Lago
di
Trasimen●
vnder
the
Pope
,
who
letteth
it
out
to
diuers
Farmers
for
ten
thousand
Duckets
the
yeare
,
which
haue
the
fishing
,
whereof
it
is
very
fruitfull
and
yeeldeth
them
also
no
little
gaine
.
The
profit
which
the
Duke
of
Ferrara
raised
by
the
Lake
of
Comacchi●
,
who
they
say
in
Venice
made
thereof
yearely
foure-score
thousand
Duckets
,
makes
this
more
probable
.
But
this
Lake
of
Trasimene
now
called
Lago
di
Perugia
is
much
more
renowned
for
the
notable
ouerthrow
giuen
there
by
Hanniball
to
the
Romaines
,
neare
wherevnto
is
that
faire
plaine
called
Ossaia
of
the
bones
of
the
dead
there
slain
by
the
rashnesse
of
C.
Flaminius
the
Consul
,
as
Polibius
in
his
third
booke
,
Liny
in
his
two
and
twentith
,
and
Plutarcke
in
the
life
of
Haniball
auowe
.
The
other
memorable
blow
giuen
them
(
if
it
be
not
here
impertinent
to
remember
)
was
that
at
Canne
in
Puglia
,
called
by
Liu●e
in
his
twentie
and
one
booke
Ca●nusium
,
where
was
slaine
P.
Emilius
,
the
Consul
L
▪
Acilius
,
and
L
Furuis
Biba●ulus
the
Quaestors
,
one
and
twentie
Tribunes
of
Souldiers
,
fourescore
Senators
,
fortie
thousand
foote
,
two
thousand
and
seauen
hundred
horse
,
all
Romaines
,
and
as
many
Anuiliaries
▪
as
Plutarch
in
the
liues
of
Hanniball
and
Scipio
,
and
Solinus
Italicus
in
his
ninth
booke
confesse
:
There
are
diuers
Lakes
betweene
Pisa
and
Liuorne
,
but
small
and
of
no
name
:
There
are
more
not
farre
from
the
Cittie
Colle
,
Laego
di
Bolsena
,
called
by
ancient
writers
Lacus
Vulsiniensium
,
L●go
di
Bassanello
anciently
called
Lacus
Vade●onius
,
where
the
Romaines
vtterly
subdued
the
Tuscans
,
Lago
di
Bracciane
,
called
formerly
Lacus
Sabbatinus
:
Lago
di
Vicco
,
called
by
Virgill
in
his
seauenth
Aenead
,
and
Siluius
Italicus
in
his
eight
booke
L●cus
Cimini
,
of
the
Mountaine
so
called
,
standing
betweene
this
Lake
and
the
Cittie
of
Viterbo
,
Lago
di
Mont●
Rosa
,
not
large
but
deepe
neere
Rome
,
with
few
others
.
The
Plaines
are
also
few
,
(
for
they
before
are
allowed
but
one
fourth
part
)
the
chiefe
are
these
.
Vald'
Arno
,
because
the
Riuer
passeth
by
it
the
most
fruitfull
:
that
of
Pisa
the
most
lowe
and
therefore
subiect
to
the
ouer-flowing
of
Arno
,
whereof
it
hath
tasted
this
present
Winter
to
the
Countries
great
losse
:
That
of
Lucca
enuironed
with
Hilles
,
and
the
Citty
in
the
middest
like
a
center
in
a
circle
:
That
of
Carsigniana
vnder
the
Dukedome
of
Ferrara
.
And
lastly
the
Plaines
of
Maremma
in
the
State
of
Siena
,
the
most
large
,
and
whither
for
the
Wintering
of
their
Cattle
they
are
sent
in
October
from
the
Mountaines
.
It
hath
the
name
of
Mare
the
Sea
;
and
therefore
we
●ay
well
English
it
the
Marshes
of
Siena
,
it
runneth
along
the
Sea-coast
almost
seauentie
miles
in
lenghth
,
betweene
the
two
Riuers
Gornia
and
Pesua
,
not
much
inhabited
with
people
through
the
badnesse
of
the
ayre
.
The
Portes
are
,
Ciuita
Vecchia
in
the
Popes
State
,
Tyber
,
Orbitello
,
Port-ercole
,
Telamone
,
Castiglione
in
the
Maremma
,
howbeit
vnder
the
King
of
Spaine
,
as
is
also
the
Monte
Argentaro
and
the
Port
of
Piombine
.
The
onely
Porte
of
worthe
vnder
the
great
Dukes
State
,
is
that
of
Liuorne
,
capable
of
any
Fleete
whatsoeuer
.
It
is
rather
to
be
called
a
Roade
then
a
Harborough
,
The
Princes
and
States
interessed
in
Tuscany
are
these
.
The
Pope
,
Genoa
,
Serezzana
.
The
state
of
Lucca
hath
all
her
possessions
herein
.
The
Dukes
of
V●b●●
,
Parma
,
and
Brauian●
haue
also
each
of
them
a
Peece
(
howbeit
most
of
this
is
in
the
church
part
which
is
called
the
Patrimony
of
Saint
Peter
.
)
There
is
also
the
Signior
di
Pcombi●e
,
the
Marquesse
di
Massa
,
and
other
inferiour
Princes
interessed
in
this
Country
of
an
other
fourth
part
.
So
that
there
remaineth
a
Moitie
vnder
the
great
Dukes
gouernment
,
whereof
I
haue
vndertaken
to
giue
this
superficiall
suruey
which
followeth
.
This
State
,
Rodicofany
,
Monte-falcon
,
Pelegrine
,
Charole
,
Sansubastians
,
Lusignano
,
Monterisine
,
Empoli
,
Castrecaro
,
Saffa
,
and
diuers
others
,
to
the
number
of
thirty
,
wherein
is
garrison
more
or
lesse
:
But
of
others
which
stand
rather
to
shew
the
manner
of
fortifications
in
elder
ages
,
and
the
force
of
time
by
which
they
are
ruined
,
then
for
any
vse
of
the
time
present
,
there
are
aboue
three
hundred
.
By
which
number
may
very
probably
be
coniectured
their
many
and
diuers
States
in
this
small
circuite
in
former
times
:
for
as
it
appeareth
by
Historie
,
not
onely
Florence
,
Siena
and
Pisa
(
which
of
late
yeares
were
reduced
into
one
gouernment
)
but
also
Pistoia
,
Arezzo
,
Volterra
,
and
almost
all
the
Citties
now
vnder
the
great
Duke
,
had
euery
one
their
seuerall
and
distinct
state
.
Wherevpon
it
was
necessary
,
each
State
should
haue
her
Castles
and
Fortes
to
affront
those
that
confined
vpon
them
.
As
for
those
former
wherein
is
garrison
,
the
most
of
them
in
the
iudgment
of
men
experienced
,
haue
their
defect
either
in
their
forme
and
manner
of
fortification
which
is
All'
Antica
,
or
in
their
Piazz●
which
are
very
little
,
and
so
thought
vncapale
of
sufficient
number
to
defend
them
.
But
besides
these
he
hath
in
each
cittie
a
Cittadell
,
and
therein
a
garrison
,
which
are
all
very
moderne
and
strong
:
the
vse
of
which
Peeces
are
not
so
much
for
defence
of
the
Townes
where
they
be
,
as
to
keepe
in
awfull
termes
the
citties
themselues
;
as
by
the
cittadell
at
Florence
and
Fortresse
of
Siene
appeareth
.
Of
Citties
there
be
sixteene
,
Alexander
Medici
:
Pisa
an
Archbishoprick
also
,
his
name
Carolus
Antonius
●uteus
:
Pistoia
,
Arezzo
,
Volterra
,
Certu●i●
,
Burgo
san
Sepolchro
,
and
Monte
Pulciano
.
Of
the
other
state
are
these
:
Siena
an
Archbishoprick
,
his
name
Ascanius
Piceothuomineus
,
Motalcino
,
Grossetto
,
Chiusi
,
Soana
,
Pienza
,
Massa
and
Celle
christened
a
cittie
fiue
yeares
since
.
Many
of
these
I
saw
not
,
and
therefore
presume
not
to
speake
of
at
large
:
in
the
foure
chiefest
,
Florence
,
Pisa
,
Siena
and
Pistoia
.
I
spent
some
time
,
and
hold
them
worthy
of
some
little
remembrance
in
this
discourse
,
before
I
come
to
speake
of
the
generall
parts
of
this
state
.
Florence
is
seated
at
the
head
of
a
very
faire
valley
,
del
Reale
then
del
Cittadinesco
,
as
that
of
the
Signioria
,
that
of
the
Pitti
,
where
is
alwayes
the
great
Dukes
court
:
that
of
the
Medici
that
of
the
Strozzi
and
many
others
:
it
is
graced
with
many
large
Piazze●
,
and
in
them
many
Statues
,
some
of
Brasse
,
as
that
of
Cosme
,
the
first
great
Duke
,
and
others
very
many
and
very
curious
;
some
of
Marble
,
some
of
Alabaster
:
it
is
diuided
with
the
Riuer
Arno
,
and
vpon
this
foure
faire
Bridges
of
Stone
to
passe
from
one
part
of
the
cittie
to
the
other
.
It
is
adorned
with
many
faire
Monasteries
and
churches
,
but
aboue
all
with
the
most
magnificent
and
admirable
Fabrick
of
the
Duome
,
the
workmanship
of
that
excellent
Architeck
Brunelleschi
dedicated
to
Santa
Maria
del
●iore
,
and
is
(
they
say
)
the
true
Modle
of
the
church
of
Santa
Sofia
in
Constantinople
.
The
body
of
this
church
from
the
West
to
the
Cupula
,
is
one
hundred
paces
,
the
bredth
fortie
sixe
:
the
Cupula
is
in
circute
three
hundred
paces
;
with
a
guilt
Ball
of
Brasse
on
the
toppe
,
wherein
twenty
men
may
stand
vpright
.
of
the
Church
of
San
Lorenzo
is
a
very
faire
and
beautifull
Librarie
,
built
and
furnished
with
Bookes
by
the
familie
of
Medici
:
the
roofe
is
of
Cedar
very
curiously
wrought
with
knots
and
flowers
,
and
right
vnder
each
knot
is
the
same
wrought
with
no
lesse
Arte
in
the
pauement
.
In
this
Library
I
told
three
thousand
nine
hundred
bookes
very
fairely
bound
in
Leather
,
after
one
sort
,
all
bound
to
their
seates
,
which
were
in
number
sixtie
eight
:
and
,
which
is
the
greatest
grace
and
cost
also
,
very
many
of
the
bookes
were
written
with
the
Authours
owne
hands
.
There
is
also
●t
the
farther
end
of
this
Librarie
one
other
of
prohibited
bookes
,
which
I
could
not
see
.
The
great
Seale
of
Florence
is
the
Lyon
and
Hercules
:
their
Armes
were
in
former
times
a
Flower
de
Lise
argent
in
a
field
gules
,
but
vpon
the
banishment
of
the
Ghibelline
faction
,
they
are
altered
to
the
contrary
;
the
Field
to
the
colour
of
the
flower
,
and
the
flower
to
the
colour
of
the
field
.
Within
these
hundred
yeares
haue
beene
of
this
Cittie
three
Popes
,
Iohn
and
●●lius
Medici
,
L●●
the
tenth
,
and
Clement
the
seauenth
,
and
Hippolisus
Aldebrandiui
called
Clement
the
eight
that
yet
liueth
.
Here
haue
also
flourished
many
famous
men
in
matter
of
learning
,
as
Francesco
Guicciardini
for
a
iudiciall
Historiographer
:
Nicolas
Machianelli
for
a
worldly
Politician
;
Michel
Angelo
for
an
excellent
Painter
;
Petrache
and
Dante
for
singular
Poets
;
and
Boccace
for
his
pleasant
garbe
and
refining
their
language
,
and
many
others
.
Hauing
gazed
your
fill
vpon
the
beauties
of
this
Towne
,
if
for
varieties
sake
,
and
your
better
recreation
,
you
will
walke
abroade
into
the
Villa
per
spasso
,
as
the
Italian
saith
;
you
shall
haue
there
in
view
,
so
many
,
and
such
goodly
Pallaces
,
for
the
space
of
six
or
seauen
miles
compasse
,
as
(
they
say
)
would
make
one
other
Florence
.
But
aboue
all
,
the
great
Dukes
Pallace
of
Pratolino
,
built
by
his
brother
Francesco
,
is
the
most
admirable
,
not
for
the
Pallace
it selfe
,
or
manner
of
the
building
;
for
there
are
many
can
match
it
,
if
not
excell
it
.
But
for
the
exquisite
and
rare
inuention
of
Water-workes
,
wherein
it
is
excellent
,
and
thought
to
exceede
Tiuoli
by
Rome
,
so
much
in
this
kinde
commended
.
The
house
it selfe
is
built
in
forme
of
a
Romaine
T
,
the
head
of
the
letter
which
is
the
front
of
the
house
,
being
in
length
seauenty
paces
,
&
the
other
part
fifty
foure
:
the
roomes
for
offices
of
Court
,
and
lodgings
are
seauenty
,
whereof
these
are
all
of
one
bignesse
,
forme
,
and
furniture
:
with
three
goodly
Halles
richly
furnished
,
running
along
the
middest
of
the
Pallace
,
from
the
one
end
to
the
other
,
and
the
one
opening
into
the
other
,
so
as
according
to
the
winde
or
sunne
,
he
may
giue
his
intertainement
for
the
best
ease
of
them
he
feasteth
:
It
is
seated
betweene
two
high
Hilles
,
vpon
a
third
lower
then
they
,
from
which
hilles
yee
descend
some
quarter
of
a
mile
,
by
a
way
set
with
quick-set
,
&
kept
after
our
English
fashion
:
yee
mount
vp
to
the
Terreno
of
the
Front
by
twelue
staires
,
very
faire
of
Stone
,
directly
wherevpon
,
at
the
head
of
a
Garden
set
round
with
Statues
of
the
Muses
in
a
ground
sencibly
ascending
,
is
seene
a
huge
Giant
cut
out
of
the
maine
Rock
,
with
all
his
parts
,
as
armes
,
hands
,
legges
,
and
feete
,
symmetricall
to
his
head
,
wherein
may
stand
a
dozen
men
:
In
it
are
kept
Pigeons
;
the
loouers
whereat
they
come
in
and
out
,
are
his
eares
;
the
windowes
which
giue
light
to
the
roome
,
are
his
eyes
.
Out
of
his
mouth
falleth
into
a
very
fine
poole
,
all
the
water
that
serues
the
worke
on
the
other
side
the
Pallace
,
among
▪
which
are
many
sights
yeelding
very
great
content
,
as
Noes
Arke
with
all
kinds
of
beasts
,
Hercules
fighting
with
a
Dragon
,
Birds
artificially
singing
,
Organs
musically
playing
,
showers
of
Raine
plentifully
downe
powring
,
and
infinite
sort
of
such
deuise
,
more
delightsome
to
be
seene
then
pleasant
to
be
discoursed
of
.
To
conclude
,
the
deuise
so
good
,
the
workmanship
so
rare
,
and
the
charge
so
great
,
as
it
is
said
constantly
that
it
cost
Duke
Francesco
three
hundred
thousand
Crownes
.
The
great
Duke
hath
another
Pallace
,
two
miles
from
Florence
,
called
Castello
,
onely
for
pleasure
,
but
not
so
beautified
nor
full
of
water-workes
as
this
of
Pratolino
:
an
other
distant
10.
miles
off
,
called
Il
Poggio
Imperiale
,
more
profitable
then
they
both
,
in
forme
quadrangular
,
fifty
six
paces
square
;
Where
besides
the
pleasure
it
yeelds
of
hunting
,
it
yeeldeth
also
summering
and
Haye
for
his
Horses
,
and
keepeth
the
great
Duches
a
dairie
of
three
hundred
Kine
:
a
commodity
worth
the
remembring
in
this
state
,
where
in
three-score
miles
are
not
seene
three-score
head
of
Cattle
;
nor
so
much
good
pasture
ground
(
that
I
saw
)
in
the
whole
countrey
.
I
am
now
before
I
proceede
to
the
other
chiefe
Citties
,
to
remember
in
a
word
,
how
and
when
the
Florentines
came
impatronized
of
diuers
other
states
of
Tuscany
,
and
what
forme
of
gouerment
they
had
in
former
times
,
vntill
Leo
and
Clement
,
for
I
must
there
needs
begin
,
when
I
shall
come
to
speake
of
the
great
Dukes
title
.
This
Cittie
of
Florence
,
after
many
conflicts
with
the
olde
Citty
of
Fesulae
,
(
whereof
now
almost
remaineth
no
memory
,
but
the
hilles
whereon
it
stood
)
getting
the
vpper
hand
,
and
many
of
that
olde
towne
following
the
fortune
of
the
winner
,
comming
hither
to
dwell
,
it
grew
to
beare
the
name
of
a
great
and
rich
Cittie
:
which
till
then
(
euer
since
the
time
of
Sylla
,
by
whom
they
say
it
was
first
founded
and
made
a
Collony
of
the
Romaines
)
bare
rather
the
name
of
a
Bourough
,
then
otherwise
.
And
after
a
combination
of
these
two
Citties
into
one
Comminalty
,
they
quartered
the
Armes
of
Fesulae
,
which
were
a
Moone
Azure
in
a
field
Argent
,
with
those
of
Florence
,
being
a
Flower
de
Lise
Argent
in
a
field
Gules
.
It
was
afterward
subiect
to
diuers
sackings
and
subuersions
by
the
Gothes
,
Gaules
,
and
Lomgobards
,
partaking
with
other
Citties
of
Italy
in
those
miseries
which
these
Nations
inflicted
.
Insomuch
as
there
was
nothing
remaining
of
their
auncient
glory
,
but
ruines
and
desolation
,
&
what
the
barbarous
crueltie
of
such
an
enemie
could
not
tyranise
vpon
.
In
these
tearmes
Charles
the
great
found
it
,
who
caused
it
to
be
reedified
,
appointing
for
the
gouerment
thereof
two
Consuls
,
and
a
Senate
of
an
hundred
.
After
this
,
they
altered
the
gouerment
,
conferring
it
vpon
ten
called
Antiani
Aldermen
,
(
as
I
take
it
)
in
the
yeare
1254.
Shortly
after
in
the
yeare
1287.
they
wan
the
Citty
of
Pistoia
,
Mastino
della
sala
,
for
forty
thousand
Duckets
.
And
in
the
yeare
1471.
they
wan
by
force
Volterra
,
one
of
the
12.
first
Citties
of
Tuscany
and
honoured
with
the
birth
of
the
Poet
Persius
.
They
got
also
Pysa
&
the
whole
State
thereof
,
of
whose
reuolt
,
and
recouery
,
what
parts
taking
there
was
,
&
what
time
was
spent
,
and
how
many
Millions
it
cost
them
to
be
repossessed
thereof
,
Guicciardine
very
fully
discourseth
,
and
were
here
too
tedious
to
be
particularly
related
.
The
gouerment
of
a
Gonfalonier
was
altered
by
Gualteri
Francese
Duke
of
Athens
,
who
at
the
Citties
request
requiring
aide
,
was
sent
thither
by
Robert
king
of
Sicilie
,
and
at
his
first
comming
deposed
the
Gonfalonier
and
Priory
,
&
vsurped
himselfe
;
but
he
was
quickly
expulsed
,
and
the
former
officer
reinuested
:
till
the
time
of
Pope
Alexander
the
sixt
,
whose
sonne
Casar
Borgia
duke
Valentinois
sought
to
bring
in
the
three
banished
Medici
,
Piero
,
Giouanni
,
and
Guiliano
;
wherevpon
the
Florentines
made
Piero
Sederini
their
Gonfalonier
perpetuall
,
as
Buonacorsi
an
approued
Italian
writer
,
&
Guicciardine
in
his
fist
booke
doth
testifie
.
These
alterations
haue
been
since
the
restauration
of
the
city
by
Charles
,
(
which
notwithstanding
)
Guicciardine
lib.
1.
car.
17.
saith
,
was
openions
inneterata
benche
falsa
,
che
Carlo
l'hauesse
reidificat●
,
an
old
but
false
coniecture
,
that
Charles
did
reedifie
it
:
besides
those
also
which
it
suffered
afterwards
,
which
shall
more
fitly
be
remembred
hereafter
.
From
Florence
I
must
passe
to
the
Cittie
Pistoia
,
seated
at
the
other
end
of
this
valley
,
20.
miles
off
.
But
the
Castle
of
Pratu
being
in
the
way
,
and
commanding
the
passage
,
I
dare
not
but
salute
it
;
the
rather
for
that
I
spent
foure
moneths
in
that
Towne
.
There
are
in
Italy
among
I
know
not
how
many
thousands
,
Leander
Alberts
in
his
view
of
Italy
discourseth
:
Barletta
in
Puglia
in
the
kingdome
of
Naples
;
Fabriana
in
Marca
Anconitana
,
vnder
the
state
of
the
Church
;
Crema
in
Lombardia
,
vnder
the
Venetians
,
and
Prato
in
Tuscana
vnder
the
great
Duke
.
It
is
heere
to
be
obserued
;
that
these
are
called
Castles
,
not
that
they
be
onely
Fortresses
and
places
of
strength
,
but
that
they
be
large
townes
fortified
with
wall
and
Bulwarke
,
and
haue
their
Territories
;
they
onely
want
Bishops
Seas
,
wherein
they
differ
from
Citties
.
It
standeth
in
the
middest
of
this
Valley
vpon
the
riuer
Bisentio
;
it
is
in
forme
sex-angular
,
at
each
corner
a
Bulwarke
alla
Moderna
very
defensible
;
the
walles
in
circuite
two
miles
,
with
an
olde
peece
at
the
East
built
(
they
say
)
by
Frederico
Barbarossa
.
The
Contado
(
the
Territory
)
of
this
Towne
is
in
length
eight
miles
,
in
bredth
foure
,
in
circuite
foure
and
twentie
,
within
which
compasse
(
with
those
within
the
Towne
)
are
fiftie
nine
Churches
,
eight
and
thirtie
Monasteries
,
and
other
religious
houses
,
and
of
all
sorts
of
people
sixteene
thousand
,
whereof
two
thousand
are
religious
.
Here
is
(
they
say
)
the
Girdle
of
our
Lady
brought
thither
by
a
Marchant
from
the
Indies
,
whether
it
was
first
carried
by
S.
Thomas
the
Apostle
,
a
Relicke
which
they
hold
in
high
esteeme
,
keepe
with
very
great
care
,
come
to
see
with
great
deuotion
,
and
is
shewed
to
the
people
with
great
reuerence
once
in
a
yeare
;
that
is
,
on
our
Ladies
day
in
September
,
in
the
time
of
their
Faire
,
and
when
is
most
concourse
of
strangers
.
There
came
that
day
in
deuotion
(
to
see
me
,
not
the
Girdle
)
two
English
Gentlemen
my
friends
;
we
obserued
(
if
it
be
not
impertinent
here
to
remember
)
that
there
were
in
view
vpon
the
Market
place
of
people
at
the
shewing
of
this
Relicke
,
about
eighteene
or
twenty
thousand
,
whereof
we
iudged
one
halfe
to
haue
Hattes
of
Strawe
,
and
one
fourth
part
to
be
bare
legged
;
that
we
know
all
is
not
gold
in
Italy
:
though
many
Trauellers
gazing
onely
on
the
beautie
of
their
Citties
,
and
the
painted
surface
of
their
houses
,
thinke
it
the
onely
Paradize
of
Europe
.
But
if
they
would
with
me
,
—
fordida
rura
Atque
humiles
intrare
casas
&
visere
gentem
:
they
would
surely
graunt
,
that
pouertie
and
famine
had
not
a
greater
kingdome
in
those
countries
where
Crassus
starued
his
Armie
,
then
they
haue
heere
.
But
no
maruaile
though
Prato
be
poore
being
so
vnlustly
and
cruelly
sacked
in
the
yeare
1512.
Raymondo
Cardona
,
for
want
of
pay
which
the
Florentines
ought
him
and
his
Souldiers
:
who
most
vilely
gaue
the
sacking
of
this
pretty
(
and
then
rich
)
towne
,
to
the
barbarous
insolencie
of
the
proud
Spaniard
,
and
came
themselues
with
bagges
of
Crownes
to
purchase
the
lands
of
the
poore
harmlesse
Pratesi
,
wherewith
they
were
forced
to
redeeme
their
liberty
,
after
the
rauishing
of
their
wiues
,
killing
of
their
children
,
robbing
their
shops
and
houses
,
and
other
such
insolent
out-rages
;
whereof
Guicciardine
lib.
11.
complaineth
,
that
from
their
auarice
,
lust
,
and
cruelty
,
nothing
was
safe
.
And
Buonacorsi
saith
,
that
they
spared
neither
virgin
,
infant
,
nor
church
,
&
Paulus
Ionius
affirmeth
,
that
the
Spanish
cruelty
in
this
sack
of
Prato
,
did
farre
exceed
that
of
the
Dutch
and
French
,
at
the
sack
of
Brescia
so
much
detested
.
Hence
is
it
that
at
this
day
the
name
of
Spaniard
is
there
most
odious
,
for
among
all
other
names
of
infamy
and
reproach
,
when
they
haue
called
one
Poltrone
,
Furfante
,
Manigoldo
,
Traditore
,
and
all
that
naught
is
,
they
end
alwayes
in
this
Spagnaolo
intending
(
it
should
seeme
)
that
there
is
not
a
worse
name
vnder
the
sunne
.
But
leauing
them
expostulating
this
iniurie
of
the
Florentines
,
and
bewailing
their
owne
miseries
,
I
will
proceed
to
the
Cittie
of
Pistoia
.
It
is
seated
at
the
West
end
of
the
Valley
,
Pliny
,
Pistorium
;
and
of
Ptolomey
,
Pistoria
quasi
Pestoria
(
saith
one
)
of
the
pestilence
that
there
raigned
among
the
souldiers
,
which
remained
of
Catelines
Campe
after
he
was
ouerthrowne
,
who
(
they
say
)
was
the
first
builder
thereof
.
Others
will
haue
it
called
of
●isis
and
ópos
,
that
is
the
faithfull
Territorie
.
Others
because
it
is
the
doore
of
the
Mountaines
which
the
word
also
signifietl●
,
for
from
hence
is
away
to
passe
through
the
●pennines
into
Frame
●
by
which
the
French
forces
passed
into
Tuscany
,
and
so
to
Naples
,
in
the
time
of
Charles
the
eight
,
as
by
the
historie
appeareth
.
All
which
are
either
false
coniectures
and
carry
no
correspondencie
of
trueth
with
history
,
or
at
least
are
idle
suppositions
,
and
carry
with
them
no
matter
of
import
.
For
what
reason
is
there
that
the
Grecians
should
giue
names
to
townes
in
Tuscany
,
who
neuer
came
ouer
the
Riuer
Tener
?
or
that
they
should
christen
this
and
no
other
?
or
that
a
Romaine
should
be
the
Father
,
and
a
Greeks
the
Godfather
:
but
were
it
so
,
it
little
importeth
,
and
therefore
I
haue
purposely
auoided
these
fruitlesse
etimologies
:
else
could
I
haue
said
before
,
that
Florence
was
called
either
(
Fluentia
)
because
it
stands
betweene
the
two
waters
Mognone
and
Arno
,
or
(
Fiorentia
)
of
Fiore
a
flower
,
because
it
is
the
flower
and
beauty
of
Italy
:
or
(
Firenze
)
which
Giambolare
one
of
their
writers
deriues
from
a
Caldey
word
,
and
signifies
(
he
saith
)
a
valiant
Souldier
;
as
who
would
say
the
Florentines
were
such
:
which
I
haue
not
yet
read
,
and
I
am
sure
they
of
Siena
will
not
confesse
:
who
will
not
let
to
bragge
how
often
they
haue
beaten
them
in
the
field
.
Indeede
I
well
remember
,
that
writers
giue
them
th'
attribute
of
(
Ingenious
and
wise
)
as
namly
Macciauelly
in
his
Florentine
history
,
and
Guicciardine
in
the
very
beginning
of
his
booke
Cart.
2.
Howbeit
I
could
easily
condiscend
to
the
opinion
of
Imbalt
a
French
commaunder
,
who
vpon
good
experience
Guicciardine
lib.
5.
cart
.
144.
Non
saptua
doue
consistesse
,
lingegne
tantu
celebratu
de
Fiorentini
could
not
finde
where
that
great
witte
of
theirs
laye
.
So
likewise
these
word-founders
will
haue
their
Cittie
Arezzo
to
be
so
old
as
that
it
was
built
when
for
want
of
a
fit
name
they
were
faine
to
call
it
(
Earth
)
for
so
in
the
Hebrew
tongue
it
signifieth
.
But
seeing
that
Tully
and
Varro
call
it
(
Aretium
)
and
not
(
Arezium
)
me
thinkes
they
might
better
derine
it
from
Mars
(
which
the
word
well
beareth
)
for
I
am
well
assured
,
that
historie
makes
the
Arrettines
and
their
neighbours
the
Perugians
,
farre
better
Souldiers
then
the
Florentines
.
But
I
will
not
ouer-charge
this
short
discourse
with
deriuations
,
I
had
rather
leaue
them
with
the
capriccious
Antiquaries
of
Tuscany
,
and
returning
to
Pistoia
,
say
:
that
though
it
be
very
little
,
it
is
very
rich
,
as
hauing
a
Contado
full
of
oyle
and
wine
:
insomuch
as
it
is
said
,
they
presse
yearly
one
hundred
thousand
Barrels
of
Wine
,
whereof
they
send
the
one
halfe
to
Florence
,
of
which
the
great
Duke
hath
(
gabell
)
a
custome
one
Guilio
,
(
six-pence
sterling
)
for
euery
Barrell
,
at
the
entery
into
euery
Cittie
gate
,
besides
the
tenth
leuied
vpon
it
before
,
and
an
imposition
after
vpon
euery
tauerne
,
as
shall
more
fitly
in
the
discourse
of
his
entrate
be
aduertised
.
This
Towne
is
famous
,
or
rather
in
famous
,
for
the
two
factions
of
the
Bianchi
and
Nery
,
which
ruined
themselues
,
and
troubled
the
peace
of
Florence
also
:
it
began
thus
.
Two
young
Gentlemen
of
the
towne
falling
out
,
and
so
proceeding
from
words
to
blowes
,
it
chanced
one
of
them
receiued
a
light
hurt
,
The
father
of
the
other
(
because
he
would
kill
all
motions
to
a
farther
quarrell
)
sends
his
Sonne
to
aske
pardon
of
the
Father
and
Parentage
of
the
other
whom
he
had
hurt
:
but
he
causing
his
seruants
to
lay
hold
on
him
,
commaunded
his
right
hand
to
be
cut
off
,
and
sent
him
away
with
this
answere
,
Va
dal
tuo
Padre
&
digli
,
che
le
ferite
non
si
curano
con
parole
ma
colferro
;
Goe
to
thy
father
and
tell
him
,
hurts
are
not
cured
with
words
,
but
with
the
sworde
.
Herevpon
grew
that
great
and
bloudy
enmitie
betweene
those
two
houses
,
which
drew
into
it
all
the
great
families
of
Pistoia
,
as
also
them
of
Florence
,
where
the
Donati
banded
with
the
Neri
,
and
the
Circhi
with
the
Bianchi
.
Since
which
faction
,
there
hath
also
another
risen
no
lesse
dangerous
then
the
former
,
betweene
the
Cancellieri
and
the
Panzadici
,
scarse
yet
so
composed
,
but
that
vpon
euery
small
occasion
it
is
ready
to
breake
out
.
This
Towne
pretendeth
to
be
much
priuiledged
aboue
all
other
Citties
vnder
the
great
Duke
,
for
at
the
time
when
they
yeelded
to
the
State
of
Florence
,
it
was
among
other
Capitulacons
concluded
;
that
in
any
Bando
(
Proclamation
)
whatsoeuer
except
the
Cittie
and
Contado
of
Pistoia
were
expresly
named
,
it
was
to
be
vnderstood
exempt
&
freed
from
the
same
,
which
indeed
is
still
obserued
,
howbeit
a
course
is
taken
neuer
to
leaue
that
clause
out
:
so
that
I
see
small
reason
they
haue
to
bragge
so
much
thereof
.
The
people
in
and
without
the
Citty
are
supposed
sixtie
foure
thousand
:
the
Religious
are
much
about
the
the
rate
of
them
in
Prato
an
eight
part
.
I
cannot
passe
the
direct
way
from
hence
to
Pisa
,
whether
the
course
of
this
discourse
directs
me
,
vnlesse
I
passe
vnder
the
walles
of
Lucca
:
which
being
no
part
of
this
State
,
I
know
not
how
I
may
speake
of
;
that
haue
vndertaken
to
write
of
nothing
else
:
and
yet
passing
so
neare
,
I
know
not
how
to
auoide
some
mention
thereof
,
that
am
likewise
to
aduertise
of
what
I
haue
seene
.
Wherefore
betweene
a
doubt
which
is
lesse
fault
,
to
digresse
in
my
narration
,
or
be
diuerted
out
of
my
way
,
I
will
speake
so
little
,
as
if
it
be
a
fault
to
digresse
,
it
may
be
excused
,
because
this
little
is
nothing
,
&
if
it
be
a
fault
to
write
so
little
,
it
may
be
answered
I
durst
not
digresse
.
Lucca
,
a
Luce
,
herewith
accordeth
Fuccio
Vberti
;
Ma
perche
alluminata
della
fede
Fu
pria
,
ch
altra
Cittade
di
Tuscana
,
Cangio
il
suo
nome
,
e
Lucca
le
si
diede
.
It
is
seated
(
as
is
before
said
)
like
a
Center
in
a
Circumference
,
in
the
middest
of
a
faire
and
pleasant
valley
,
enuironed
with
wast
and
huge
Mountaines
:
The
walles
in
circuite
two
miles
,
are
of
Brick
very
new
,
strengthned
with
a
very
thick
Rampart
,
and
fortified
alla
moderna
,
with
very
many
and
defensible
Bulwarkes
.
Insomuch
as
it
is
thought
,
that
when
the
Bulwarke
that
is
now
in
the
making
at
the
North-west
of
the
towne
is
finished
,
with
one
other
at
the
East
which
is
already
purposed
,
and
the
Terra-pieno
(
Rampart
)
of
this
East
side
made
answerable
to
the
rest
,
which
is
also
intended
,
it
shall
then
haue
in
all
,
eleuen
Bulwarkes
,
and
will
without
exception
be
one
of
the
best
fortified
townes
in
Italy
.
They
keepe
in
the
towne
a
garrison
continually
of
three
hundred
Souldiers
,
and
are
able
(
they
say
)
to
drawe
into
their
Cittie
at
two
daies
warning
out
of
their
owne
territorie
,
thirtie
thousand
able
men
for
seruice
;
for
which
number
they
haue
prouision
of
armes
,
victuals
,
and
all
things
necessary
vpon
occasion
.
I
was
in
their
Granaries
,
where
I
saw
,
as
they
credibly
rated
it
of
Wheate
,
Rie
,
Beanes
,
and
Chestnut
Mealn
the
quantitie
of
six
hundred
thousand
Staies
,
which
of
our
measure
maketh
about
fifty
thousand
quarters
,
besides
so
much
more
kept
in
diuers
conuents
and
Monasteries
of
the
towne
which
they
call
their
Prouisione
d'
Abondanza
(
store
)
.
All
which
prouision
is
able
(
in
case
of
a
Siege
)
to
maintaine
the
Citty
for
two
yeares
,
at
the
number
of
three-score
thousand
people
,
allowing
twelue
Staies
a
man
the
yeare
;
a
proportion
in
those
parts
,
and
such
cases
very
large
.
The
reasons
of
these
fortifications
,
garrisons
,
and
prouisions
which
they
make
,
is
the
iealous
feare
they
haue
of
the
great
Duke
,
of
whom
all
their
State
which
is
somewayes
fiftie
miles
in
length
is
euery
way
enuironed
,
whose
greatnesse
is
nothing
pleasing
to
the
Lucchesi
neither
can
they
well
digest
that
his
title
(
di
Toscana
)
and
therfore
the
Signoria
of
this
State
,
sending
letters
of
congratulation
(
they
say
)
but
it
is
more
probable
about
some
other
their
affaires
to
Cosmo
Medici
,
presently
after
his
creation
of
great
Duke
,
they
stiled
their
letters
thus
.
All'
Ilsmo
e
Ec●smo
principi
Cosmo
Medici
gran
Duca
(
m
)
Tuscana
.
To
which
garbro
of
theirs
the
Italia
●rime
also
alludeth
,
which
saith
thus
;
S'
il
Duca
hauesse
Lucca
è
Serezzana
,
Saretbe
il
gran
Duca
(
di
)
Tuscana
.
Implying
that
it
is
no
reason
he
should
be
intitled
great
Duke
of
the
whole
,
hauing
no
more
but
the
one
halfe
,
But
how
sooner
this
towne
stand
prouista
as
it
braggeth
,
and
are
able
to
keepe
him
out
of
themselues
two
or
three
yeares
together
,
more
then
probable
it
is
,
that
the
feare
of
the
Spanish
King
,
to
whose
protection
it
is
recommended
,
doth
curbe
his
desire
in
attempting
the
action
,
watching
ouer
this
prety
State
with
an
ambitious
and
couetous
eye
,
come
Lo
sparuicre
alla
quaglia
,
as
the
Hauke
ouer
the
Quaile
,
hoping
one
day
for
an
oppertunitie
.
I
am
now
by
order-leauing
Lucca
to
looke
to
her selfe
,
Saint
Iulian
,
and
arriue
at
Pisa
:
a
Cittie
in
former
times
very
populous
as
any
in
Tuscany
,
now
so
dispeopled
as
there
are
not
iudged
aboue
fourteteene
thousand
persons
,
though
in
circuite
it
be
little
lesse
then
Florence
:
the
Walles
for
the
most
part
are
of
Bricke
,
but
in
some
places
of
square
Stone
,
the
Ramparts
conuenient
,
the
Bulwarkes
not
many
nor
correspondent
:
the
peece
of
cheefest
import
is
the
Castle
vpon
the
South-west
of
the
towne
,
wherein
is
a
garrison
of
fiftie
,
with
munition
and
other
necessaries
,
for
the
vse
as
is
abouesaid
of
keeping
the
Citty
in
awe
.
The
scite
hereof
is
in
a
Plaine
vpon
the
Riuer
Arno
,
which
passeth
through
the
middest
therof
with
one
bridge
onely
,
and
falleth
into
the
Sea
some
sixe
miles
belowe
;
whereby
it
appeareth
that
the
land
hath
lately
gotten
much
vpon
the
Sea
on
this
coast
,
as
we
finde
in
diuers
places
vpon
our
coast
in
England
,
for
that
in
the
time
of
Strabo
he
reporteth
,
it
was
but
twenty
furlongs
off
,
which
is
two
miles
and
a
halfe
distant
from
the
Sea
.
Out
of
this
Riuer
is
cut
a
Ditch
from
this
Towne
to
Linorno
,
fifteene
miles
long
,
for
the
more
conuenient
carriage
of
such
wares
as
arriue
in
that
Roade
,
and
are
thence
conueyed
by
water
from
Pisa
vp
to
Florence
;
and
so
by
land
into
other
places
of
Tuscany
,
Romagna
,
Lombardia
,
and
Rome
also
.
The
Boates
wherein
these
wares
are
carried
are
but
small
,
in
number
betweene
six
and
seauen
hundred
,
which
our
English
Marchants
Burlando
(
gibing
)
call
the
great
Dukes
fleete
.
The
nature
of
this
plaine
is
for
the
most
part
marish
,
though
in
times
past
it
was
fit
either
for
pasture
or
tillage
,
as
by
the
commoditie
thereout
reaped
for
the
maintenance
of
the
cittie
appeareth
by
Guicciard
.
But
since
that
the
Cittie
being
conquered
by
the
Florentines
,
and
most
of
the
auncient
Pisani
departed
,
some
into
Sicilia
,
other
into
Sardegna
,
Corsica
,
and
other
places
,
preferring
a
voluntary
bannishment
,
before
a
forced
subiection
:
the
Towne
hath
beene
so
desolate
as
there
haue
not
beene
people
sufficient
to
maintaine
this
plaine
against
the
fury
of
Arno
,
whereby
it
hath
beene
much
wasted
,
as
hath
partly
beene
said
.
There
are
,
besides
the
commodity
of
the
seat
,
lying
betweene
Florence
and
Lyuorno
,
three
other
causes
,
that
this
Cittie
is
frequented
,
otherwise
it
would
be
very
desolate
.
The
first
is
the
especially
fauour
of
the
Prince
himselfe
,
who
because
he
was
here
borne
,
beareth
an
extraordinary
affection
to
the
place
,
as
by
his
often
comming
and
long
tarrying
appeareth
.
Another
is
,
for
that
it
is
the
place
where
properly
the
order
of
S.
Stephen
is
resident
,
where
the
Knights
of
this
order
haue
their
Pallace
,
Officers
,
and
other
dependances
.
The
last
,
for
that
there
is
a
studie
as
they
call
it
in
Italy
(
a
Vniuersity
)
erected
by
Cosmo
,
and
is
reasonably
frequented
.
In
this
Towne
among
many
other
Churches
and
Monasteries
,
is
that
excellent
Fabrick
of
the
Battisterio
,
built
(
they
say
)
in
fourteene
dayes
:
It
standeth
hard
at
the
West-end
of
the
Duomo
,
which
for
the
beauty
thereof
might
haue
compared
with
that
of
Siena
so
much
commended
,
had
it
not
by
mishap
beene
burned
in
the
yeare
1595.
in
October
;
it
is
now
in
the
repairing
at
the
great
Dukes
charges
:
Howbeit
in
liew
hereof
,
he
hath
raised
the
price
of
his
Salt
fiue
.
Quatrini
in
the
pound
,
throughout
this
State
for
the
space
of
ten
yeares
:
and
it
is
to
be
thought
(
by
examples
too
many
of
like
nature
in
other
places
)
that
being
once
grauted
,
it
shall
not
then
be
ended
.
On
the
North
of
this
Church
is
the
Campo
Santu
,
as
they
call
it
,
their
Golgetha
or
place
of
buriall
,
the
earth
whereof
was
brought
in
ships
from
the
Terrasanta
,
as
their
Histories
record
:
&
as
they
affirme
,
the
dead
consume
there
in
foure
and
twenty
hou●es
.
Not
farre
from
this
place
is
an
old
ruinous
Tower
,
called
by
them
(
Torre
di
fame
)
in
memory
of
the
mercylesse
crueltie
of
Ruggiero
the
Archbishop
,
who
vpon
suspition
of
treason
immured
therein
Conte
Hugolino
a
Noble
Pisano
,
and
his
foure
children
,
causing
them
to
be
starued
:
of
whom
Dante
the
Poet
in
his
33.
chapter
dell'inferno
,
very
elegantly
discourseth
,
faining
,
that
there
for
a
torment
due
to
such
a
fact
,
the
Conte
li●eth
vpon
the
Bishops-head
with
a
neuer
satisfied
greedinesse
.
Here
is
also
an
Arsenall
wherein
the
Duke
hath
two
or
three
of
his
Galleys
in
mend●ng
,
but
no
new
in
the
making
,
neither
Artillerie
or
any
thing
els
worth
the
remembrance
.
Heere
the
great
Duke
hath
a
Pallace
,
but
so
ill
contriued
,
and
so
vnworthy
the
presence
of
so
great
a
Prince
,
as
it
is
said
,
the
deuiser
thereof
looking
for
great
praise
at
the
Dukes
hands
for
his
rare
plotte
,
and
finding
after
that
it
disliked
his
Highnesse
,
in
a
melancholie
discontent
threw
himselfe
into
the
Arno
:
he
hath
also
another
lesser
house
lately
built
,
wherein
are
many
small
Statues
of
Marble
and
Mettall
,
many
Medalles
and
Pictures
,
some
painted
,
others
of
Feathers
very
exquisitely
artificiall
.
Besides
peeces
of
Vre
vntried
both
of
golde
&
siluer
,
Corall
vnpollished
,
whereof
yee
shall
see
some
growe
vpon
the
Sculles
of
dead-men
,
with
infinite
such
like
,
more
delightfull
to
be
seene
,
then
needfull
to
be
related
of
.
Vnto
this
building
is
adioyning
a
Garden
of
Simples
,
not
much
inferiour
to
that
of
Padoa
:
But
the
thing
of
best
vse
and
greatest
cost
,
and
therefore
vnfittest
to
be
forgotten
,
is
a
Conduict
of
water
vpon
Arches
into
the
Towne
from
Valdeculci
fiue
mile
off
,
where
with
the
better
part
of
the
Cittie
is
serued
.
Other
buildings
I
remember
not
,
worth
the
remembring
;
except
the
Campanile
,
which
Architecture
hath
this
varietie
,
that
the
top
thereof
by
a
line
perpendicularly
downe-falling
to
the
ground
,
and
sheweth
that
it
is
prominent
or
hanging
ouer
the
Basis
ten
or
twelue
foote
by
the
square
.
As
for
the
Cittie
it selfe
,
it
is
the
greater
halfe
voide
,
wherein
is
nothing
but
Gardens
of
hearbes
and
rootes
;
the
houses
that
there
be
,
are
for
the
most
part
so
old
and
ruinous
,
as
that
the
great
Duke
hath
lately
giuen
commandement
,
that
euery
one
according
to
his
abilitie
should
either
build
new
,
or
at
the
least
repaire
and
trim
them
on
the
out-sides
for
the
better
grace
of
the
towne
.
So
vnlike
is
Pisa
to
it selfe
;
which
in
former
times
was
able
to
wage
battaile
at
land
with
the
Florentines
,
at
Sea
with
the
Genoese
;
yea
and
with
Venice
also
:
And
before
that
,
to
conquere
Sardigna
,
to
ouercome
the
King
of
Carthage
,
and
bring
him
prisoner
to
Rome
,
to
recouer
Palermo
in
Sicilia
from
the
Sarazens
,
to
assist
the
French
with
a
mighty
Nauie
in
their
voyage
to
the
holy
land
,
to
send
fortie
ships
to
the
recouery
of
Alexandria
for
Almerick
King
of
Ierusalem
,
to
aide
th'
Emperour
Frederick
Barbarossa
against
the
state
of
Millan
;
besides
many
other
their
famous
and
victorious
conquests
;
wherevpon
one
saith
:
Erat
Pisa
,
altera
Roma
fuim●●
Troes
,
f●●
Ilium
,
nunc
seges
vbi
Trola
fuit
.
To
speake
of
the
diuers
gouerments
of
this
Towne
and
the
many
alterations
it
hath
suffered
,
were
a
discourse
,
though
not
altogether
needlesse
or
impertinent
,
yet
so
large
or
rather
tedious
,
as
would
be
altogether
disproportionate
to
my
former
breuitie
:
I
will
leaue
it
therefore
altogether
vntouched
,
and
go
forward
my
iourney
to
Siena
.
This
Cittie
chalengeth
the
title
of
much
Antiquitie
,
Remus
,
Romulus
his
brother
,
which
may
seeme
to
carry
some
matter
of
truth
,
for
that
the
Armes
of
the
Cittie
is
a
Wolfe
,
with
two
Infants
sucking
vpon
her
:
which
Armes
are
to
be
seene
in
diuers
places
of
the
Towne
both
in
Marble
and
Mettall
.
It
is
called
by
Pliny
,
Colonia
Senensis
,
and
by
Tacitus
in
the
20.
booke
of
his
Historie
,
but
whether
it
was
built
by
Sanesius
,
or
the
Galli
Senones
that
went
with
Brennus
into
Italy
,
I
leaue
indifferent
to
the
Reader
:
this
last
is
alleaged
out
of
Ptolomies
Fables
,
though
I
rather
subscribe
to
the
former
.
It
is
seated
vpon
the
tops
of
diuers
small
hils
,
very
neerely
meeting
together
,
which
with
their
declinings
makes
the
Scituation
very
vneuen
,
and
such
as
I
haue
not
else-where
seene
:
by
reason
whereof
it
is
iudged
infinitely
strong
,
as
not
hauing
any
commanding
hill
neere
,
whereby
it
might
be
preiudiced
,
nor
any
way
by
which
forces
may
be
brought
before
it
;
saue
onely
at
the
two
gates
towards
Rome
and
Florence
:
&
yet
there
so
narrow
,
as
there
cannot
possibly
come
aboue
ten
Souldiers
alla
filata
in
rancke
.
So
that
as
Liuorno
is
the
key
by
which
all
forces
must
passe
that
by
Sea
would
approach
Florence
,
so
is
Siena
the
Porte
or
gate
by
which
they
must
enter
,
that
eyther
from
Naples
or
the
Churches
state
would
come
to
anoye
it
.
For
from
the
way
of
Romagna
or
Bologna
,
there
is
very
hard
passage
for
an
Armie
,
so
sharpe
and
inaccessible
are
the
mountaines
,
which
being
well
considered
by
Cosmo
(
then
Duke
)
of
Florence
,
no
maruaile
though
he
neuer
rested
till
he
had
got
the
towne
and
whole
state
of
Siena
into
his
hands
.
The
meanes
thus
;
The
Cittie
about
fortie
fiue
yeares
since
,
being
besieged
by
the
forces
of
the
Pope
,
Charles
the
fift
,
and
Cosmo
Duke
of
Florence
,
rendred
it selfe
at
length
to
the
Emperour
,
and
receaued
a
garrison
of
Spaniards
,
but
keeping
still
their
manner
of
gouerment
which
they
before
vsed
.
The
Emperour
by
earnest
sollicitation
of
the
D.
d'Alua
,
in
whom
the
Duke
of
Florence
his
purse
(
they
say
)
had
got
him
great
interest
,
was
content
to
render
it
into
the
Duke
of
Florence
his
possession
,
for
certaine
summes
of
money
to
be
paid
,
besides
a
yearely
rent
,
with
a
recognition
that
it
was
holden
of
him
,
and
certaine
other
couenants
which
some
say
were
neuer
performed
,
as
also
that
this
contract
was
made
without
the
consent
of
Philip
king
of
Spaine
that
now
is
,
whereof
were
not
his
hands
full
of
actions
in
other
places
,
it
is
thought
some
stirre
might
arise
.
So
that
Cosmo
de'
Medici
the
second
Duke
of
Florence
vnited
that
state
with
this
of
Siena
,
which
is
by
estimation
bigger
then
the
state
of
Millan
,
and
the
most
fruitefull
part
of
all
Tuscany
.
Wherevpon
he
altered
his
Stile
which
before
was
Dux
Florentiae
,
and
intituled
himselfe
Dux
Florentiae
&
Senarum
.
The
ornaments
of
speciall
note
in
this
towne
are
three
:
The
first
is
the
Duomo
,
no
great
but
a
faire
and
rich
Fabrick
,
all
the
out-side
of
Marble
,
so
is
the
Pauement
,
the
roofe
guilt
;
&
at
the
foote
thereof
,
are
very
curiously
cut
in
stone
and
guilded
,
also
all
the
Popes
from
the
first
till
within
these
eighty
yeares
.
The
second
is
the
Citterne
,
a
place
,
whereout
of
the
Rocke
floweth
aboundance
of
waters
,
and
haue
their
Citterne
and
Pooles
very
well
cut
of
Stone
to
receaue
the
same
.
The
last
is
the
Piazza
,
one
hundred
and
sixtie
paces
in
length
,
and
one
hundred
and
ten
in
breadth
,
very
steepely
descending
.
At
the
head
hereof
is
a
very
faire
Fountaine
,
and
at
the
foote
is
the
Pallace
of
the
Signoria
.
round
about
it
are
very
faire
and
high
houses
.
I
haue
not
seene
a
Market-steede
,
excepting
that
of
Sancto
Marco
in
Venice
,
so
beautifull
.
The
fairest
Pallace
of
this
Cittie
,
not
excepting
the
great
Dukes
,
is
that
of
the
Piccol
huomini
,
begun
by
Pius
Secundus
,
and
ended
by
Pius
Tertius
,
both
of
this
family
;
which
needs
not
much
enuie
the
most
stately
of
those
in
Florence
.
The
walles
of
this
Cittie
,
as
also
the
houses
and
streets
are
all
of
Bricke
.
They
haue
here
(
they
say
)
the
arme
of
S.
Iohn
Baptist
,
Aeneas
Siluim
Piccol
huomini
,
being
Pope
,
by
the
name
of
Pius
Secundus
,
in
liew
whereof
,
this
Pope
sent
him
the
halfe
Moone
for
a
Crest
.
There
is
a
Fortresse
at
the
North-west
of
this
towne
,
This
Citty
like
that
of
Pisa
,
Venice
,
Genoa
,
Rome
,
and
generally
all
places
and
states
of
Italy
,
except
Naples
.
Hauing
in
briefe
discoursed
of
three
chiefe
Citties
of
Tuscany
,
Florence
,
Siena
and
Pisa
,
which
deserue
so
to
be
called
,
either
for
that
each
of
them
hath
in
times
past
had
her
seuerall
State
,
or
for
that
they
be
the
Seates
of
three
Archbishopricks
:
it
now
remaineth
I
aduertise
of
the
commodities
of
this
countrie
,
beginning
with
the
Mountaines
and
their
fruites
,
There
is
digged
out
of
these
hilles
a
kinde
of
Free-stone
,
Genoa
,
Florence
,
Bologna
,
Rome
,
and
France
also
,
whereout
mig●t
be
digged
enough
to
serue
a
world
of
building
,
if
the
transporting
it
into
other
places
were
not
so
chargeable
,
or
rather
the
impossibility
to
bring
it
from
the
pits
where
it
is
digged
,
to
the
Port
where
they
should
load
it
,
by
reason
of
the
cragginesse
of
the
Rocks
.
Of
these
Marble
Pits
Iunenal
seemes
to
make
mention
,
where
he
saith
:
Procubuit
veluti
qui
saxaligustica
portat
Axis
.
And
Vberti
in
his
sixt
Canto
saith
thus
:
E
vedimmo
Carrara
,
oue
la
gente
,
Troua
il
candido
Marmo
in
tanta
copia
,
Che
n'
assai
haurebbe
tutta
l'oriente
.
The
other
fruites
of
these
Mountaines
which
are
indeed
vse-full
and
necessary
for
the
sustenance
of
the
inhabitants
,
are
Acornes
,
The
third
benefit
of
the
hils
is
the
Chesnut
,
I
haue
stood
in
my
lodging
on
a
market-day
,
when
the
country
hath
come
in
,
and
when
commonly
they
attire
themselues
in
their
best
robes
:
yet
haue
I
obserued
seauen
or
eight
bare
legged
,
for
one
otherwise
,
and
in
this
proportion
haue
they
passed
for
two
or
three
houres
,
the
rest
of
their
apparel
holding
sutable
conformity
therewithall
;
yet
cannot
this
people
talke
but
with
his
hatt
on
his
head
,
and
with
his
hands
by
his
sides
,
with
action
also
and
words
,
either
beseeming
none
at
all
,
or
at
least
one
in
better
clothes
.
But
to
leaue
the
high
minds
&
low
fortunes
of
the
Tuscanes
,
the
great
hilles
and
small
commodities
of
their
countrie
,
vpon
which
we
may
well
turne
the
Prouerbe
,
Par●uriunt
Montes
,
exit
Mus
;
I
will
discend
into
their
valleys
,
which
indeed
(
not
to
defraude
them
of
their
right
)
are
like
Gardens
,
whether
you
respect
the
small
quantitie
of
each
mans
seuerall
,
or
their
diligence
in
their
keeping
,
or
to
say
truth
,
the
variety
of
the
fruites
thereof
.
For
the
first
I
can
auow
,
that
going
vp
with
another
English
Gentleman
to
the
top
of
a
steepe
hill
,
some
two
miles
high
right
ouer
Prato
,
to
giue
our
eye
the
view
of
that
pleasant
valley
,
we
could
not
discerne
any
one
peece
of
ground
aboue
one
Acre
and
a
halfe
in
our
opinions
,
(
except
the
great
Dukes
pastures
about
his
Pallace
of
Poggio
)
all
which
ground
being
bare
and
the
hedges
greene
with
the
Vines
,
gaue
a
very
pleasant
and
delightfull
prospect
,
resembling
very
fitly
a
Checker
table
.
Now
if
the
good
Starres
raise
one
of
them
to
the
fortune
to
be
possessed
of
one
of
these
garden-plots
,
and
a
Cappanuccia
(
a
silly
shelter
couered
with
Reedes
)
thervpon
yee
shall
neuer
get
him
from
the
discourse
of
his
Villa
,
his
Podere
,
and
his
Entrata
,
his
farmes
,
his
lands
,
and
his
rents
;
that
one
would
thinke
him
Lord
of
some
goodly
Pallace
,
and
as
much
land
at
the
least
as
a
Nag
might
well
pace
about
in
a
day
;
when
,
if
we
come
to
see
it
,
it
prooues
not
God
knowes
aboue
the
Giornata
(
a
dayes
iourney
)
of
a
Snaile
,
and
she
poore
beast
is
taken
domage
faisant
in
danger
to
be
seazed
vpon
to
the
Lords
vse
of
the
soile
;
for
Snailes
,
Frogs
,
Hedg-hogs
,
and
such
like
,
are
accounted
among
the
Delicatezze
,
the
delicates
of
Italy
.
As
for
their
diligence
in
digging
,
setting
,
sowing
,
manuring
and
weeding
of
their
ground
,
it
is
such
as
therewith
the
Dutch
diligence
in
their
Roote
grounds
may
not
compare
.
And
lastly
for
the
variety
of
those
commodities
which
these
Valleys
yeelde
,
it
shall
suffice
to
comprehend
them
vnder
these
three
heads
;
Fruite
,
Herbage
,
and
Graine
,
with
particular
mention
of
such
as
I
remember
,
howbeit
in
Italian
names
,
because
many
of
them
growe
not
,
nor
are
yet
Christened
in
England
.
|
Fruite
.
|
Herbage
.
|
Graine
.
|
|
Une
.
|
Finocchio
.
|
Formento
.
|
|
Fichi
.
|
Lattuga
.
|
Orzo
.
|
|
Aranci
.
|
Inuidia
.
|
Segala
.
|
|
Albicocchi
.
|
Cicerbita
.
|
Miglio
.
|
|
Pesche
.
|
Borragine
.
|
Sagina
.
|
|
Mele.
|
Fiorancio
.
|
Panico
.
|
|
Limoni
.
|
Aneto
.
|
Fane
.
|
|
Cedri
.
|
Bietola
.
|
Ceci
.
|
|
Manderle
.
|
Cauolo
.
|
Faginoli
.
|
|
Noci
.
|
Spinacci
.
|
Piselli
.
|
|
Albatre
.
|
Basilico
.
|
Riso
.
|
|
Cotogne
.
|
Radici
.
|
Farro
.
|
|
Poponi
.
|
Porri
.
|
Gioglio
.
|
|
Cedrioli
.
|
Carotte
.
|
Mochi
.
|
|
Cocomeri
.
|
Rape
.
|
Vena
.
|
|
Zucchi
.
|
Fior
di
Velluto
.
|
Spelta
.
|
Mele
granate
|
Nepitella
.
|
|
|
Ceriegi
.
|
Menta
.
|
|
|
Pere
.
|
Cardi.
|
|
|
Nespole
.
|
Gobbi
.
|
|
|
Susine
.
|
Selerii
.
|
|
|
Cypolli
.
|
Pastinacchi
.
|
|
|
Agli
.
|
|
|
|
Mori
.
|
|
|
These
are
the
fruites
of
the
earth
whereof
they
feed
,
for
of
others
I
speake
not
:
and
to
giue
these
their
due
,
many
of
them
be
very
delicate
and
pleasant
;
as
their
Vna
Moscutella
,
and
Rimaldesca
,
their
Figs
,
Apricocks
,
Musk-mellons
,
and
such
like
:
howbeit
considering
either
the
little
time
they
last
,
or
the
small
quantitie
they
haue
thereof
,
the
benefit
is
not
so
great
as
is
imagined
;
for
none
of
these
last
named
lasteth
aboue
two
moneths
,
except
it
be
the
grape
,
whereof
some
few
are
hanged
vp
in
the
Palco
roofe
,
to
serue
the
richer
sort
in
Lent
.
As
for
the
poorer
,
their
chiefest
food
is
Herbage
all
the
yeare
through
.
Indeed
for
the
moneths
of
August
and
September
,
while
Grapes
be
ripe
,
he
keepeth
a
continuall
feast
,
making
them
his
onely
food
.
There
are
diuers
sorts
of
Grapes
,
the
names
of
such
as
I
remember
are
these
;
Vna
Canaiola
,
good
either
to
eate
or
for
Wine
;
Passerina
a
small
Grape
,
whereof
Sparrowes
feed
,
good
onely
for
Wine
;
Trebbiana
the
best
sort
of
white
Grapes
for
Wine
,
whereof
they
make
their
Vin
Trebbiano
,
Zibibbo
;
these
are
dryed
for
Lent
:
Moscatella
with
a
taste
like
Muske
,
not
for
Wine
,
but
to
eate
;
Vna
grossa
not
to
eate
,
but
for
Wine
;
Rauerutta
,
of
itselfe
neither
to
eate
,
nor
for
Wine
,
but
a
few
of
these
put
among
a
great
vessell
of
Wine
,
giueth
it
a
colour
,
for
which
vse
it
onely
serueth
;
San
Columbana
and
Rimaldesca
a
very
delicate
Grape
,
either
for
Wine
or
to
eate
;
Luglisla
which
hath
his
name
of
the
moneth
of
Iuly
wherein
it
is
ripe
,
better
to
eate
then
for
Wine
;
and
lastly
Cerisiana
,
named
for
the
taste
it
hath
like
a
Cherry
,
better
for
Wine
then
to
eate
.
They
haue
also
as
many
names
for
their
Figs
,
the
best
are
the
Brugiotti
,
which
being
needlesse
to
recount
,
as
also
to
stand
thus
particularly
vpon
all
the
rest
,
I
will
omit
to
speake
:
onely
in
a
word
I
will
speake
of
the
Mulberry
,
for
that
the
mention
thereof
draweth
consequently
therewithall
the
discourse
of
the
Silke-worme
,
which
being
another
of
the
greatest
commodities
of
Tuscany
I
may
not
forget
.
In
the
two
moneths
of
May
and
Iune
this
worme
laboureth
,
Naples
,
Lombardie
,
and
Greece
,
so
much
silke
as
yearly
amounted
to
three
hundred
thousand
Duckets
,
it
is
now
thought
that
shortly
they
shall
haue
enough
of
their
owne
;
for
yee
shall
obserue
,
that
they
of
Siena
are
richer
in
lands
then
they
of
Florence
,
and
therefore
trade
lesse
in
all
Mechanicall
professions
:
I
saulsi
ricchi
d●
entrada
,
i
fiorentini
ricchi
per
industria
:
which
is
the
reason
that
the
Florentines
exceed
the
other
so
farre
herein
:
insomuch
as
it
is
thought
here
are
yeerly
made
of
Florence
Rashes
to
the
worth
of
two
Millions
of
Duckets
,
&
of
Silket
and
Cloathes
of
gold
and
siluer
,
to
the
value
of
three
Millions
;
hence
grew
this
Axiome
of
Aristotle
;
The
more
barraine
the
soyle
,
the
more
rich
the
Citie
:
as
he
obserued
by
Athens
in
Greece
,
and
we
finde
by
Norremburge
in
Germanie
.
Good
reason
they
of
Florence
haue
to
encrease
this
commoditie
,
by
all
possible
meanes
,
without
the
which
I
see
not
how
they
should
be
able
(
not
exhausting
in
few
yeares
their
estate
)
to
be
releiued
with
the
necessarie
commodities
of
other
countries
:
a●
Corne
from
Sicilia
,
Leather
from
Barbaria
,
Tinne
,
Lead
,
Hearing
,
Chauiar
,
and
other
such
prouision
from
England
,
&
from
diuers
other
places
other
things
as
needfull
:
their
State
not
hauing
any
Marchandize
to
spare
,
Another
helpe
is
their
egregious
&
incredible
Parsimony
in
feeding
,
as
also
their
frugality
from
extraordinary
spending
,
for
should
they
either
fare
,
or
exceed
in
other
charges
,
as
we
do
in
this
countrey
,
it
were
impossible
but
their
state
should
be
ruined
.
Concerning
Herbage
,
But
for
the
better
proofe
of
the
little
flesh
here
spent
,
it
shall
not
be
amisse
to
remember
what
the
Chancellor
of
Prato
told
me
concerning
this
matter
,
who
seemed
by
his
discourse
a
man
of
good
vnderstanding
,
&
who
ought
by
his
office
to
haue
the
knowledge
hereof
very
familiar
;
vpon
some
conference
with
him
had
about
the
great
Dukes
impositions
and
Gabell
which
he
had
in
that
state
,
he
tolde
me
among
diuers
other
matters
,
which
shal
be
remembred
hereafter
,
that
he
had
out
of
Prato
&
the
precincts
thereof
,
a
thousand
Duckets
communibm
annis
for
the
flesh
there
eaten
,
at
the
rate
of
fiue
denari
the
pound
,
for
so
much
he
hath
.
Now
if
we
reduce
Duckets
to
denari
(
which
are
the
fourth
part
of
a
Quattrino
)
&
deuide
that
number
by
fiue
,
we
shall
finde
the
number
of
pounds
of
flesh
eaten
there
,
after
the
rate
of
twelue
ounces
to
the
pounds
(
for
so
is
their
weight
of
all
things
whatsoeuer
)
which
summe
by
the
rule
of
three
we
may
reduce
to
pounds
English
of
sixteene
ounces
,
and
then
deuiding
by
fourteene
,
know
how
many
Stone
is
there
eaten
in
a
yeare
.
According
to
which
computation
we
shall
finde
18000
Stone
:
the
people
there
being
,
as
is
already
said
16000
persons
,
so
that
there
is
little
more
then
a
Stone
a
peece
for
the
yeare
:
a
proportion
which
in
Newgate
market
,
and
S.
Nicholas-shambles
will
hardly
be
beleeued
.
Pythagoras
found
by
the
dimension
of
the
foote
the
perfect
Rieratte
of
Hercules
&
Phidias
of
Athens
,
found
by
the
paw
of
the
Lion
,
the
true
proportion
of
the
whole
body
:
so
by
this
small
store
of
flesh
spent
in
Prato
,
may
well
be
conceiued
what
proportion
is
spent
in
the
whole
state
of
Tuscany
.
It
may
here
not
impertinently
be
remembred
(
speaking
of
flesh
)
of
a
kinde
of
meate
which
the
Italian
hath
out
of
Barbaria
,
howbeit
in
no
great
quantity
,
which
they
call
Micista
,
As
concerning
their
graine
in
Tuscany
,
Sicilia
;
Sardigna
,
&
somtimes
England
&
the
East-countries
:
they
haue
of
Wheat
more
then
either
Rie
or
Barley
,
yet
of
neither
sufficient
:
as
for
their
Sagina
,
Panico
,
Miglio
,
Surgo
Turco
,
and
such
like
,
they
are
fine
names
,
but
make
but
course
meale
and
bread
only
for
the
poorer
sort
,
who
,
(
might
they
not
want
thereof
)
would
thinke
their
market
much
amended
.
Their
haruest
is
in
Iune
,
Miglio
,
Panico
,
Sagina
,
or
some
pulse
or
other
,
which
againe
they
reape
in
September
.
They
measure
their
corne
by
the
Staio
,
as
we
ours
by
the
Strike
or
Bushell
,
it
containeth
in
weight
fiftie
fiue
pounds
,
at
twelue
ounces
the
pound
.
And
as
we
measure
our
land
by
the
Acre
,
so
they
theirs
by
the
Staioro
,
which
taketh
his
name
of
the
Staio
:
because
one
of
these
parcels
of
land
,
if
it
be
on
the
hilles
,
will
aske
a
Staio
of
corne
to
feed
it
,
otherwise
in
the
valleys
euery
measure
will
ordinarily
feed
foure
Straiora
,
I
suppose
that
six
of
these
make
one
of
our
Acres
.
The
country-man
will
stirre
of
them
(
as
we
call
it
)
eighteene
with
his
two
yoake
of
Oxen
;
the
one
yoake
feeding
while
the
other
laboureth
in
one
day
.
He
hath
for
his
labour
foure
Crazie
a
peece
,
which
is
three-pence
starling
;
so
that
he
and
his
beasts
earne
some
foure
shillings
six-pence
sterling
the
day
:
how
this
agreeth
with
our
rate
in
England
,
I
cannot
say
,
I
went
not
out
so
good
a
husband
.
The
staioro
doth
ordinarily
yeeld
seauen
and
eight
staia
crop
,
which
is
little
short
of
the
proportion
of
foure
quarters
an
Acre
.
The
nature
of
the
soile
is
generally
light
and
sandy
,
It
remaineth
to
speake
of
the
Salt
,
a
galla
)
then
they
boile
it
no
longer
.
There
are
not
farre
hence
(
may
I
digresse
so
farre
)
waters
of
such
a
scalding
and
sulphurious
nature
,
as
if
a
Dog
or
such
like
creature
be
tied
to
a
rope
and
throwne
therein
for
the
space
of
a
quarter
of
an
houre
,
yee
pull
out
nothing
but
the
bare
bones
.
And
true
it
is
,
that
the
aire
here
abouts
sometimes
of
the
yeare
is
so
contagious
,
as
the
inhabitants
abandon
their
homes
.
The
place
being
so
dangerous
,
I
will
dwell
no
longer
vpon
the
discourse
thereof
,
but
returne
to
the
Salt-pits
,
out
of
which
the
great
Duke
maketh
no
small
benefit
,
considering
he
buyeth
it
at
one
quattrini
the
pound
,
and
selleth
it
againe
at
twelue
,
and
in
some
parts
of
his
State
at
fifteene
,
which
being
bought
at
this
rate
commeth
to
two
Duckets
the
Staio
:
Howbeit
,
it
is
said
of
some
,
that
it
costeth
him
fiue
quattrini
the
pound
,
which
I
rather
beleeue
,
and
so
his
gaine
is
but
two
third
parts
.
Sure
I
am
that
there
is
a
Bando
vpon
a
great
penaltie
,
that
none
presume
to
buy
but
of
his
officers
onely
.
And
seeing
here
is
mention
made
of
the
great
Dukes
impositions
vpon
Salt●
I
will
also
annex
his
gaine
raised
by
Wheate
,
though
I
must
confesse
their
place
more
proper
when
I
shall
speake
of
his
Reuenew
.
After
the
Raccolt●
,
Mont
Alcina
,
neare
by
;
and
therein
good
store
of
Wheate
to
serue
his
turne
for
the
maintenance
of
his
house
in
Siena
,
and
whether
,
it
may
be
with
little
cost
brought
,
as
not
being
farre
off
,
and
where
perhaps
he
cannot
well
spare
money
to
buy
of
others
:
notwithstanding
he
cannot
be
suffered
to
bring
of
his
owne
to
his
house
,
but
must
there
take
of
the
great
Duke
to
make
his
prouision
.
How
hurtfull
these
Monopolies
and
ingrossings
are
,
the
lawes
made
against
them
in
well
gouerned
states
doe
witnesse
,
and
the
people
where
they
be
practised
doe
feele
.
Of
their
Pastures
and
feeding
for
Cattell
,
The
Gouernment
(
to
speake
in
one
word
,
The
discent
of
this
Prince
might
be
deriued
from
Lippo
,
The
line
Masculine
of
the
familie
Medici
.
-
Giouanni
.
-
Cosmo
:
Contessina
Bardi
.
-
Piero
:
Lucretia
Turna
buoni
.
-
Lorenzo
Clarice
orsina
.
-
Piero
Alfonsa
orsina
,
-
Lorenzo
Maddalcha
di
Bologna
.
-
Alexandro
D.
di
Fioe
Mar●
d'Austria
.
-
Caterina
Regina
di
Francia
.
-
Giouanni
Leo
10.
-
Guigliano
D.
di
Nemors
filiberta
di
Sauoia
.
-
Hippolito
Cardinale
.
-
Asdruball
Cauall
:
Gierusalemme
.
-
Guigliano
.
-
Guiglio
Clem.
7
-
Giouanni
Gineua
Alessandri
.
-
Cosimino
-
Carlo
-
Lorenzo
Gineura
caualcanti
.
-
Pierfrancesco
Laudomia
Acciaioli
.
-
Lorenzo
Semiramus
Appiana
.
-
Pierfrancisco
Maria
Soderini
.
-
Lorenzo
This
is
he
that
murdered
Alexander
first
D.
of
Florence
,
in
detestation
of
which
fact
,
the
house
where
it
was
committed
,
stands
ruined
as
in
the
Via
Larga
there
appeareth
.
-
Francesco
gran
D.
Giouanni
d'Austria
.
-
Don
Philippo
Prencipe
di
Tuscana
morto
.
-
Don
Antonio
D.
di
Capistrano
bastard
.
aliue
.
-
Giouanni
Cardinale
.
-
Don
Piero
morto
.
-
Don
Garzia
morto
.
-
Ferdinando
gran
D.
Christina
di
Lorena
.
-
Don
Cosmo
Prencipe
di
Tuscana
.
-
Don
Francesco
.
-
D●●
.
-
Guigliano
Vescouo
.
-
Auerardo
-
Giouanni
Caterina
Zforza
.
-
Giouanni
Maria
Saluiati
.
-
Cosmo
Gran
duca
di
Tuscana
Leonora
di
Toledo
.
-
Don
Piero
Leonora
di
Toledo
.
-
Don
Cosmo.
-
Don
Gouanti●
bast
.
aliue
.
The
discent
and
issue
of
the
great
duke
appearing
in
this
table
,
Madama
Christina
that
Dukes
daughter
Don
Caesare
d'
Estê
,
base
sonne
to
Alphonso
the
second
,
the
Duke
of
Fexrara
,
that
now
is
married
to
his
Sister
.
Don
Virginio
Orsin●
Duke
di
Bracciano
that
now
with
the
Dutchesse
his
wife
,
sister
to
the
Cardinal
Mont'
Alto
is
in
Court
,
is
sonne
of
another
of
his
Sisters
.
The
Duke
of
Montona
married
Madama
Leonora
of
this
house
;
he
hath
also
neere
alliance
with
the
family
Zforza
:
And
it
was
said
in
the
Court
at
my
comming
from
Liuorno
,
that
Rannuio
Fernese
Duke
of
Parma
,
should
marry
Maria
sister
to
Leonora
,
both
daughters
to
Francesco
his
brother
:
Howbeit
it
was
afterwards
reported
that
he
should
marry
the
sister
of
Cardinall
Mont'
Alto
,
neece
to
Sixtus
Quintus
,
(
whom
finde
he
hath
married
:
and
Maria
is
wife
to
Henry
the
4.
King
of
France
.
His
Armes
are
six
Apples
or
Balles
of
gold
in
a
field
Azure
,
Flower
de
Lise
,
But
hauing
the
authoritie
of
one
so
approued
as
is
Guicciardine
to
the
contrary
,
I
rather
say
with
him
,
that
this
addition
was
giuen
of
speciall
fauour
to
the
familie
Medici
by
the
house
of
France
;
by
whom
in
his
first
booke
page
16.
it
is
plaine
,
that
when
Charles
the
eight
entended
his
voyage
for
Naples
,
he
sought
(
as
a
league
much
importing
that
action
)
the
friendship
of
the
Florentine
State
,
and
that
as
he
there
saith
,
if
they
would
not
ioyne
with
him
in
the
seruice
,
yet
at
least
they
would
grant
him
passage
for
his
armie
,
and
victuals
for
his
money
:
whereto
he
laboured
by
letters
both
the
State
in
generall
,
and
Piero
Medici
in
particular
,
in
which
his
letters
to
Medici
he
putteth
him
in
minde
of
the
ma●ie
fauours
and
honours
done
by
Lewes
the
eleuenth
to
Lorenzo
his
father
,
and
to
his
auncestors
:
that
they
had
giuen
molte
dimostrazioni
per
conseruation
della
grandezza
d'essi
.
Many
proofes
of
willingnesse
to
preserue
the
Medicies
greatnesse
:
and
that
they
had
honoured
in
testimonio
de
beneuolenza
,
l'insegne●ora
con
l'insegne
proprie
della
casa
di
Francia
,
in
shew
of
their
loue
,
their
armes
with
theirs
of
France
.
Medici
,
Alexandro
had
obtained
the
signory
of
Florence
,
he
was
entituled
Prior
perpetuall
:
after
that
matching
in
the
house
of
Austria
,
he
was
created
Duke
of
Florence
.
The
title
yet
changed
twice
more
in
the
person
of
Cosmo
,
father
to
this
great
duke
now
liuing
,
for
hauing
vnited
the
States
of
Florence
and
Siena
,
he
was
entituled
,
Dux
Florentiae
et
Senarum
:
And
after
by
Pius
Quintus
he
was
created
Magnus
Dux
Hetruriae
for
some
speciall
seruice
done
to
the
Church
.
This
title
of
Duke
is
not
of
any
great
antiquitie
in
Italy
;
for
although
Titus
Liuius
speaketh
of
Duces
,
yet
he
meaneth
Captaines
of
Souldiers
,
or
rather
such
as
had
the
leading
of
an
Armie
by
the
Senates
appointment
,
and
not
such
as
haue
absolute
authoritie
ouer
Citties
and
Countries
.
The
first
bringer
in
of
this
name
into
Italy
,
was
Longinus
King
of
the
Lombardes
,
one
hundred
sixtie
sixe
yeares
after
the
declination
of
the
Romaine
Empire
.
By
him
at
the
first
were
created
foure
,
which
bore
their
title
of
these
places
;
Beneuentum
,
Turine
,
Fruily
,
and
Spoleto
:
At
which
time
also
were
instituted
the
two
Marquesarts
of
Ancona
and
Treuiso
,
which
still
liue
in
the
names
,
though
dead
in
the
persons
that
should
haue
them
:
and
it
should
seeme
in
some
sort
,
this
title
of
Marquesse
was
better
then
that
of
Duke
.
For
in
their
language
(
saith
Biondo
)
it
signifieth
Perpetuum
Magistratum
,
because
they
might
leaue
their
title
and
Signorie
to
their
heires
,
which
the
Dukes
could
not
doe
,
but
by
the
leaues
of
the
Kings
of
Lombardie
.
Some
say
this
word
of
Marques
is
deriued
from
the
French
(
Marque
)
which
signifieth
a
Prouince
;
as
that
a
Marques
should
signifie
the
President
of
a
Prouince
.
Others
thinke
it
is
deriued
of
the
Dutch
word
(
Marchk
)
among
whom
this
title
is
in
great
honor
,
&
signifieth
a
Signor
ouer
a
Country
to
some
limit
or
marke
,
for
so
Altimeri
in
his
Scholia
vpon
Cornelius
Tacitus
interpreteth
.
As
for
this
title
of
great
Duke
,
there
neuer
was
any
before
in
Italy
,
nor
I
thinke
in
Europe
,
but
he
of
Musconia
:
Of
Dukes
there
be
diuers
in
this
Countrie
of
Italy
,
as
the
Dukes
of
Ferrara
,
Muntoua
,
Parma
,
Vrbino
;
besides
foure
and
twenty
in
the
kingdome
of
Naples
.
Concerning
his
claime
and
right
to
the
Crowne
,
Auogadori
del
Commune
in
Venice
,
who
(
as
I
take
it
)
are
Aduocates
&
Intercessors
for
the
c●tizens
,
preferring
their
sutes
to
the
Courts
.
Howbeit
there
is
a
difference
,
for
this
is
an
office
instituted
,
that
was
a
fauor
enchroched
vpon
,
this
is
by
law
limitted
,
that
was
by
mans
nature
so
infinite
,
as
it
staid
not
running
on
this
plausible
race
till
the
wished
goale
was
gotten
.
Venice
hath
beene
wise
in
this
case
,
where
it
hath
been
danger
for
a
great
man
to
deserue
too
well
,
and
be
loued
too
much
;
for
which
cause
only
(
as
in
their
Annals
appeareth
)
some
of
them
haue
lost
their
liues
,
fearing
what
this
popularitie
of
theirs
might
effect
,
if
it
were
put
to
the
triall
:
&
holding
belike
that
principle
good
in
a
commonwealth
,
which
is
a
ground
in
matters
of
the
Church
,
which
saith
;
Melius
est
pevire
vnum
quam
vnionem
)
It
is
better
one
perish
then
vnitie
:
factions
being
as
dangerous
in
the
one
,
as
schismes
in
the
other
.
To
which
purpose
Athens
and
Rome
can
afford
many
fit
examples
,
&
indeed
so
many
,
as
it
were
needlesse
to
recount
,
either
that
of
Scilla
and
Marius
,
Caesar
and
Pompeius
,
Octavius
and
Anthonius
:
or
any
other
particulars
,
either
of
the
one
state
or
the
other
.
And
but
that
the
(
colours
Noble
and
Popular
)
were
in
seuentie
sixe
in
good
time
vnited
in
the
Citty
of
Genoa
;
there
had
not
wanted
at
this
day
an
example
in
that
Citty
also
,
eyther
of
the
family
,
Doria
,
Spinoli
,
Grimaldi
,
or
Fieschi
,
as
by
Oberto
Foglietta
,
a
very
iudiciall
writer
of
these
times
is
proued
.
But
to
returne
to
the
history
of
the
family
Medici
,
it
is
to
be
vnderstood
,
that
Lorenzo
grand-child
to
the
first
Cosmo
,
who
for
his
well
deseruing
of
the
Common-wealth
was
sir-named
Pater
Patriae
,
&
vncle
to
Clement
the
7.
who
for
deserts
cleane
contrary
merited
the
title
of
Ruina
Reipub
:
He
I
say
,
after
the
death
of
his
brother
Guigliano
,
who
was
slaine
by
the
families
Saluiati
and
Pazzi
gouerned
the
State
of
Florence
with
all
wisdome
grauitie
and
moderation
,
without
respect
of
any
particular
aduancement
of
his
house
,
but
onely
of
the
weale
publick
.
To
him
had
all
the
States
and
Princes
of
Italy
recourse
in
all
their
matters
of
controuersie
to
be
ended
,
and
of
counsell
to
be
guided
:
insomuch
,
as
in
his
dayes
,
Florence
seemed
another
Delphos
and
he
another
Oracle
:
as
he
would
,
were
all
officers
chosen
,
all
families
preferred
,
and
all
common
actions
of
the
State
carried
.
So
that
as
in
Genoa
the
Adorni
and
Fregosi
were
by
the
people
exalted
,
to
curbe
the
vnbrideled
insolencies
of
the
Colore
Nobile
:
as
in
Siena
the
Petrucci
were
made
great
to
restraine
the
disordered
humours
of
some
aspiring
Citizens
:
as
in
Perugia
the
Baglioni
were
aduanced
to
empeach
the
proud
desseignes
of
the
Raspanti
,
of
whose
proceedings
the
Citty
grew
iealous
;
and
as
in
Bologna
the
Bentiuogli
were
preferred
to
extraordinarie
honours
&
authoritie
,
through
the
hate
they
bore
their
Nobles
:
So
likewise
the
first
raising
of
this
familie
Medici
,
was
their
plausible
carriage
towards
the
meaner
and
base●
rancke
of
Citizens
,
by
whom
they
were
chosen
for
a
head
against
the
greater
and
more
powerfull
sort
.
And
not
contented
with
this
prehemenencie
,
their
desires
rested
not
:
vntill
(
as
in
the
person
of
Alexander
shall
appeare
)
one
of
their
house
came
to
be
Duke
of
so
great
a
State
,
brother
to
a
King
of
France
,
and
sonne
in
law
to
an
Emperour
.
So
ordinary
and
naturall
a
thing
it
is
in
the
minde
of
man
,
in
matter
of
ambition
and
greatnesse
,
to
keepe
no
mediocrity
,
that
when
yee
giue
him
the
authority
and
commaund
ouer
few
,
and
in
small
matters
,
he
cannot
list
his
vast
thoughts
within
the
limits
prescribed
,
but
is
so
carried
beyond
himselfe
with
a
desire
to
rule
,
as
without
consideration
either
of
vertue
by
which
,
or
of
friends
by
whom
,
he
was
aduanced
;
he
is
violently
driuen
with
the
streame
of
that
his
ambitious
passion
,
to
oppresse
aswell
those
by
whose
meanes
,
as
those
for
whose
cause
he
was
at
first
aduanced
.
Which
ambitious
humour
of
raigning
(
though
it
raigned
not
in
this
good
Lorenzo
who
with
the
reputation
of
a
great
wise
man
,
and
no
lesse
good
Cittizen
dyed
in
the
yeare
1492.
with
whom
saith
Guicciardine
dyed
the
glory
and
peace
of
Italy
:
)
yet
it
made
the
way
to
those
garboiles
and
troubles
which
his
childrens
greatnesse
(
by
his
desert
)
and
aspiring
minds
(
by
their
owne
corruption
)
d●d
afterwards
cause
in
Florence
.
For
leauing
behind
him
three
sonnes
,
Piero
,
Giouanni
,
and
Guigliano
;
the
first
succeeded
his
father
,
but
not
with
like
moderation
in
that
authoritie
wherin
his
fathers
vertues
left
him
in
:
but
asserting
a
lordly
superiority
and
sole
gouernment
;
and
as
my
Author
saith
;
Con
consiglio
dirittamehie
contrario
à
consigli
paterni
ne
communicato
●o
cittadini
principali
,
with
a
counsell
quite
contrary
to
that
of
his
father
,
and
kept
still
secret
from
the
chiefe
Cittizens
;
he
sought
to
carry
all
matters
after
the
vnbrideled
sway
of
his
owne
affections
,
so
greatly
to
the
dislike
of
the
Citizens
,
and
to
the
preiudice
of
their
liberty
,
as
●e
with
his
brothers
were
worthily
banished
;
who
after
many
attempts
to
be
reimpatriate
,
yet
still
repulsed
,
were
notwithstanding
at
the
last
by
the
meanes
of
Ferdinando
King
of
Aragon
and
Naples
restored
(
I
meane
the
two
younger
brothers
,
for
Piero
was
now
dead
)
ripigliando
quell
antica
grandezza
de
Medicima
gouuernandola
pu●
imperiosamente
,
e
con
arbit●io
pui
assoluto
di
quello
che'st
soleua
:
taking
vpon
them
againe
the
former
greatnes
of
the
Medici
,
&
carrying
it
more
lordly
,
and
with
a
more
peremptory
swinge
then
they
were
wont
,
Guicciard
.
lib.
11.
car.
318.
This
restoring
of
the
Medici
&
subiection
of
the
Cittie
,
was
in
the
yeare
1512.
after
they
had
beene
eighteene
yeares
banished
,
in
which
lordly
course
of
carrying
themselues
,
they
continued
fifteene
yeares
,
till
1527.
when
Clement
the
Pope
being
in
dangerat
Rome
,
&
fled
into
the
Castle
S.
Angelo
,
the
Florentines
taking
aduantage
of
the
time
,
attempted
the
recouering
of
their
liberty
.
Howbeit
at
the
Popes
instance
,
the
Emperour
Charles
the
fift
made
Alexander
Medices
Prior
perpetuall
.
And
after
in
35.
(
as
hath
beene
before
said
,
speaking
of
his
Stile
)
hauing
matched
in
the
house
of
Austria
,
he
created
him
duke
,
causing
an
emblematical
statue
to
be
made
of
Brasle
in
the
chiefe
Piazza
of
the
towne
,
with
this
inscription
in
the
name
of
the
Emperour
,
Te
filsi
si
qu●●
Leserat
,
vltor
ero
.
My
Sonne
I
will
reuenge
thee
,
if
any
dare
to
hurt
thee
,
as
a
threat
to
the
Citty
if
they
offered
to
recouer
their
liberty
.
This
Alexander
fyrst
Duke
of
Florence
,
being
murdered
by
his
cosen
Lorenzo
,
and
hauing
no
issue
,
the
gouerment
fell
to
Cosmo
son
to
Giouanni
de
Medici
&
Maria
Saluiati
,
heire
in
the
next
line
,
&
Father
to
this
great
duke
that
now
liueth
,
to
whom
by
the
death
of
his
elder
brother
Francesco
,
this
state
is
deuolued
.
della
bocca
,
&
della
Casa
,
(
of
the
mouth
and
of
the
house
)
that
is
,
of
such
as
feede
there
,
and
of
such
as
retaine
onely
.
Of
the
first
sort
is
the
great
Duke
himselfe
,
the
Duke
Bracciano
,
their
Dutchesses
,
their
children
,
and
some
few
seruants
besides
to
the
number
as
I
haue
creadibly
heard
not
aboue
foure
and
twenty
:
of
the
other
sort
are
other
officers
of
Court
,
which
notwithstanding
liue
at
their
owne
priuate
tables
,
as
Monsignior
Puteo
Archbishop
of
Pisa
,
and
thereto
his
Highnesse
,
by
whose
counsell
he
is
especially
aduised
,
Il
Signior
Piero
Vsimbaldi
,
il
signior
Caualliere
Conci●o
,
il
Signior
Beliario
Vinta
,
il
Signior
Caualliere
Serguidi
,
il
signior
Piero
Conti
his
Secretaries
,
&
diuers
others
his
officers
.
To
these
if
we
adde
Don
Giouanni
&
Don
Antonio
,
both
Medici
,
the
one
his
brother
,
the
other
his
Nephue
illigitimate
,
Il
signior
Camillo
del
Monte
,
generall
of
the
foot
,
Il
signior
Conte
Gherardesca
Collonell
of
the
horse
,
Il
signior
Francesco
Montauti
generall
of
his
gallies
,
besides
the
L●arant'
Otto
,
&
diuers
others
Countes
and
Nobles
of
Florence
,
you
shall
see
a
very
honourable
and
noble
presence
.
The
order
of
this
discourse
requireth
that
in
this
place
I
briefly
aduertise
of
the
order
of
San
Stephano
,
della
Religione
di
san
Stephano
:
I
will
only
remember
that
the
Gran
Maestro
conferreth
diuers
other
offices
belonging
to
this
order
,
and
of
chiefe
accoumpt
,
vpon
persons
of
principall
qualitie
in
his
state
:
as
the
office
of
Gran
Comandator
,
Gran
Contestabile
,
and
Gran
Priore
.
There
be
three
degrees
of
this
order
;
the
first
is
of
Cauallieri
querrieri
,
the
second
are
Ecclesiastichi
;
the
last
Seruienti
.
Of
the
first
sort
haue
beene
made
(
as
in
their
Pallace
at
Pisa
appeareth
)
about
one
thousand
and
twenty
.
The
second
are
Priests
&
persons
of
the
church
,
not
so
honourable
as
the
former
.
The
last
are
such
as
haue
baser
offices
either
about
the
Pallace
,
or
about
their
lands
,
and
receiue
annuall
wages
for
their
paines
.
The
Cognisance
or
badge
of
this
order
,
is
a
crosse
,
in
forme
like
that
of
the
knights
of
Malta
,
but
differing
in
colour
,
for
that
of
Malta
is
white
,
this
is
red
.
They
are
bound
to
weare
it
alwayes
vpon
their
vpper
garment
,
which
the
great
duke
himselfe
also
obserueth
.
They
are
bound
also
to
serue
at
Sea
in
the
Grand
Maisters
warres
for
six
yeares
(
as
I
take
it
)
if
need
be
whereas
they
of
Malta
are
bound
to
serue
against
the
Turke
all
the
dayes
of
their
life
.
The
Knights
of
this
order
may
marry
,
and
hold
temporall
possessions
,
which
they
of
Malta
may
not
.
This
order
is
lineally
to
discend
from
the
father
to
the
eldest
sonne
,
without
any
more
creation
,
like
the
Titles
of
honours
in
England
,
vnlesse
his
father
vpon
demerit
be
formerly
degraded
.
What
other
priuiledges
they
haue
,
in
the
booke
therof
written
appeareth
,
&
what
vse
the
Grand-master
hath
of
their
seruice
in
all
his
occasions
,
is
as
easily
coniectured
.
It
followeth
to
speake
somwhat
of
his
riches
:
alla
larga
)
I
assure
my selfe
he
should
be
very
much
deceiued
,
and
gaine
the
imputation
of
a
notable
Gull
for
his
credulity
,
&
a
notorious
Bugiarde
for
his
deliuery
,
against
which
,
note
his
farre
trauaile
neither
giues
him
warrant
nor
supersedeas
.
I
was
in
a
Florentines
gallery
,
who
hath
sometimes
beene
in
our
Countrey
,
where
besides
one
table
of
Tutch
,
and
three
other
of
Serpentine
,
Agate
,
and
such
like
,
very
curiously
wrought
and
bordered
with
flowers
of
their
naturall
colours
(
which
might
be
painted
for
ought
I
knew
)
:
howbeit
he
protested
they
were
all
the
naturall
colours
of
the
stone
,
and
of
the
infinite
charge
it
cost
to
cut
so
many
,
before
they
could
finde
such
as
should
giue
the
true
lustre
of
the
flower
,
which
surely
is
there
done
most
liuely
:
and
besides
many
Statues
of
Marble
,
Alabaster
&
Brasse
,
he
shewed
vs
a
Cupbord
of
Boxes
yet
vnfinished
(
which
he
said
)
hath
already
cost
foure
and
twenty
thousand
crownes
:
we
see
also
diuers
Medalles
,
at
the
least
fiue
hundred
,
which
he
valued
some
at
twenty
and
thirty
crownes
the
●eece
:
for
the
value
of
his
Cupbord
I
know
not
,
but
for
his
Medalles
I
am
sure
that
in
Venice
a
man
may
buy
as
good
and
as
Antique
of
a
Montibanck
for
two
gazets
a
peece
,
which
is
not
two
pence
sterling
.
Now
if
one
had
swallowed
this
Gudgion
of
one
hundred
and
twentie
thousand
Crownes
(
for
so
much
he
said
these
toyes
in
this
Gallery
did
cost
)
he
must
needs
either
haue
sur●eted
of
a
fulnesse
,
or
else
haue
discouered
his
infirmity
by
venting
it
to
others
.
But
to
returne
to
the
great
Dukes
riches
;
in
the
Gallery
at
Florence
where
is
his
Guarda-roba
his
Wardrope
,
and
Armory
,
there
is
very
much
and
massie
Plate
,
with
one
Cupbord
of
pure
gold
,
the
value
I
cannot
estimate
.
There
is
also
one
Table
in
making
for
the
Emperour
,
which
hath
already
cost
(
they
say
)
twenty
two
thousand
duckets
set
with
very
many
&
very
faire
Stones
.
There
is
one
Deske
worth
(
as
they
dare
affirme
)
one
Million
.
There
are
likewise
Rapiers
with
hilts
of
gould
,
and
in
their
Pomels
either
the
Spheres
or
Clockes
very
curiously
wrought
.
There
be
swords
so
artificially
made
,
that
they
may
be
throwne
out
the
length
of
three
,
and
being
at
the
full
length
,
it
dischargeth
a
Pistoll
:
there
is
the
Sword
of
Charlemaine
greatly
prized
.
There
be
Targets
which
with
a
Pinne
turned
make
Daggers
flie
out
of
all
sides
.
There
are
besides
the
diuers
weapons
of
most
Nations
,
with
many
other
things
for
the
richnesse
and
rarenesse
worth
the
remembring
,
as
also
the
great
Dukes
chaine
of
Diamonds
,
and
the
great
Duchesses
chaine
of
Pearle
which
they
weare
dayly
,
two
iewels
no
doubt
of
exceeding
value
:
besides
all
other
their
iewels
&
treasures
not
seene
.
But
the
thing
which
most
argueth
his
Riches
,
and
whereof
he
and
other
Princes
haue
their
daily
vses
,
and
whereby
they
be
valued
,
is
ready
Money
and
Coine
;
which
the
world
(
and
no
doubt
vpon
good
reason
)
iudgeth
to
be
very
great
:
insomuch
as
the
Neopolitan
calleth
him
the
King
of
coine
:
for
in
their
play
at
Primero
(
their
foure
sutes
of
cardes
being
denari
,
Coppe
,
Spade
,
Picche
,
Coyne
,
Cuppes
,
Swords
,
Pikes
)
when
(
as
the
manner
is
)
yee
aske
him
for
what
Carde
he
pulleth
,
if
he
pull
for
a
Denaro
he
answereth
;
I
pull
for
the
great
Duke
of
Tuscany
.
And
truely
I
am
of
opinion
(
submitting
my selfe
to
better
iudgments
)
that
as
in
France
there
be
foure
great
Riuers
farre
excelling
the
rest
of
that
countrey
in
generall
,
and
yet
one
another
in
some
one
particular
:
Loyre
the
greatest
,
Rhone
the
swiftest
,
Sayne
the
richest
,
and
Sone
the
sweetest
.
So
in
Italy
there
are
foure
great
States
,
aboue
all
the
other
without
exception
,
which
notwithstanding
in
some
one
particular
compared
together
,
exceed
one
another
.
The
Pope
greatest
in
authoritie
,
the
kingdome
of
Naples
greatest
in
land-forces
;
the
Venetians
mightiest
at
Sea
;
and
this
great
Duke
mightiest
in
purse
.
Of
whose
present
money
some
let
not
to
say
that
he
hath
thirty
millions
of
Duckets
,
others
talke
of
fiue
and
twenty
,
none
vnder
twenty
;
but
how
truely
,
must
be
left
to
euery
mans
pleasure
to
iudge
,
as
a
thing
vtterly
vnknowne
,
except
we
may
guide
our
coniectures
by
this
inference
,
which
may
thus
be
collected
.
Duke
Francesco
in
the
yeare
1576.
reported
to
the
Venetian
Embassador
,
that
his
father
Cosmo
dying
,
left
him
in
debt
eight
hundred
thousand
Duckets
:
for
the
paiment
whereof
he
was
forced
to
take
vp
great
summes
of
the
Genoeses
,
at
vnreasonable
interest
.
Notwithstanding
it
appeareth
by
the
relation
of
the
said
Embassador
,
that
within
ten
yeares
after
he
was
cleared
of
that
debt
,
and
had
imbursed
to
his
coffers
fiue
Millions
.
It
may
then
be
probably
argued
,
that
if
in
ten
yeares
there
were
six
millions
encrease
,
in
twenty
years
more
,
there
be
at
least
twelue
more
added
.
But
if
it
be
obiected
that
Duke
Francesco
in
the
terme
of
those
ten
yeares
had
many
hundred
thousand
duckets
confiscate
to
his
coffers
by
the
treason
of
Pucci
,
who
with
his
complices
had
plotted
to
enuite
the
Duke
,
the
Cardinall
,
and
Don
Piero
to
a
feast
,
and
there
to
murder
them
all
,
and
so
to
recouer
their
liberty
;
It
may
hereto
be
answered
that
he
was
likewise
a
Prince
of
very
great
expences
,
and
that
for
instance
in
that
very
time
,
he
built
the
Pallace
and
water-workes
of
Pratolino
,
which
cost
him
at
the
least
three
hundred
thousand
duckets
.
As
for
this
great
Duke
now
liuing
,
his
expences
are
small
for
so
great
a
Prince
,
as
by
the
small
number
of
them
which
liue
in
Court
may
appeare
.
And
yet
euery
Carneuale
time
he
retireth
himselfe
from
Florence
,
where
is
much
to
be
spent
,
to
Pisa
where
is
somewhat
to
be
gained
:
he
saith
he
doth
it
for
the
affection
he
beareth
that
towne
;
his
people
say
,
for
the
loue
he
hath
to
spare
;
our
English
Marchants
there
say
,
it
is
for
loue
of
their
commodities
,
which
about
that
time
arriue
,
and
are
brought
vp
by
his
officers
.
It
is
likewise
knowne
he
hath
great
summes
of
money
in
banck
,
which
must
needs
bring
in
their
yearely
gaine
,
besides
three-score
thousand
duckets
entrate
,
which
he
yearly
detaineth
from
his
brother
Don
Piere
,
who
liueth
in
Spaine
,
&
the
gaine
of
Wheate
before
remembred
;
all
which
with
his
yearly
reuenue
may
make
one
strongly
perswaded
,
that
his
ready
money
is
little
lesse
then
that
which
is
iudged
of
them
which
rate
it
at
the
highest
.
I
should
surely
thinke
it
an
incredible
masse
,
but
that
I
haue
read
for
certaine
,
that
in
the
yeare
1592
,
the
ready
money
of
Amurath
,
father
to
Mahomet
the
third
,
the
great
Turke
now
liuing
,
was
at
the
least
fifty
millions
.
And
although
the
disproportion
of
their
Entrates
may
seeme
much
to
weaken
the
force
of
this
comparison
:
yet
I
see
not
,
considering
on
the
other
side
as
great
difference
in
their
expenses
,
but
that
it
may
carry
some
good
shew
of
likelyhood
.
To
conclude
this
point
,
it
appeareth
,
that
the
great
Duke
hath
two
Reuenues
whereby
he
groweth
rich
;
that
is
,
great
impositions
,
and
great
sparing
(
for
sparing
is
a
great
reuenue
.
)
There
yet
remaineth
two
other
meanes
to
make
him
absolutely
rich
,
the
loue
of
his
subiects
,
and
their
priuate
wealth
(
for
the
wealth
of
the
Subiect
is
the
wealth
of
the
king
,
and
where
the
people
is
rich
,
the
Prince
is
not
poore
.
But
sure
it
is
that
he
hath
neither
the
one
,
nor
they
the
other
.
Porto
Ferrario
,
Signor
di
Piombino
,
with
the
consent
of
Charles
the
fift
:
both
because
the
Patron
therof
was
not
able
to
defend
it
against
the
Corsari
which
daily
robbed
and
spoyled
it
:
as
also
,
because
for
the
small
defence
it
had
,
it
might
haue
fallen
into
the
hands
of
the
Turkes
,
and
so
by
reason
of
the
Scite
(
standing
very
fitly
for
such
a
purpose
)
it
might
haue
preiudiced
the
whole
country
of
Italy
.
Notwithstanding
all
the
reuenue
of
the
Isle
is
left
free
to
the
Lord
of
Piombino
,
&
vnder
his
command
are
all
other
the
towns
&
vnfortified
places
.
In
this
Port
which
is
capable
of
what
fleet
soeuer
,
do
all
ships
that
trade
from
the
Le●a●
westward
&
contrariwise
touch
,
as
in
a
place
as
necessary
,
fit
,
and
secure
,
as
are
the
Terseres
to
the
Spaniards
failing
to
the
West-Indies
:
so
that
if
he
with
this
Isle
had
also
a
good
number
of
Galleis
and
a
purpose
to
offend
,
he
might
very
easily
infest
all
the
Seas
vpon
the
coast
of
Barbary
,
vpon
Pronence
,
Lyguria
,
Tuscania
,
and
all
that
side
of
Italie
,
and
in
a
manner
make
himselfe
Lord
of
those
Mid-land
Seas
.
He
hath
also
(
as
is
reported
)
one
hundred
Soldiers
,
&
good
Artillerie
in
a
Fort
he
holdeth
at
Marseilles
called
Castle
dite
;
by
the
sufferance
of
which
peece
the
Genoeses
ship
was
in
Ianuary
last
taken
,
(
wherof
the
parties
grieued
complained
lately
to
the
great
Duke
)
where
besides
foure
hundred
Spaniards
put
to
the
Gallies
,
was
also
found
foure
hundred
thousand
crownes
,
sent
thether
from
Spaine
.
He
hath
also
in
those
thirty
Castles
and
Fortes
before
spoken
of
(
wherein
are
garrisons
but
very
small
,
as
in
some
fiftie
,
and
in
others
fiue
and
twentie
,
in
others
not
aboue
fifteene
&
in
some
fewer
by
reason
of
the
good
tearmes
he
standeth
in
with
his
neighbours
Princes
,
or
at
least
by
the
good
fauour
of
the
time
,
for
that
they
be
otherwise
diuerted
,
that
would
be
busie
,
to
the
number
of
six
hundred
in
all
.
He
hath
likewise
in
all
his
sixteene
Citties
,
garrisons
of
Souldiers
more
or
lesse
,
as
in
the
Cyttadell
S.
Miniato
,
and
the
new
Fortresse
at
Florence
one
hundred
&
twenty
,
in
Pisa
fiftie
,
in
Siena
twentie
fiue
,
in
Liuorno
two
hundred
and
twenty
,
&c.
In
all
which
places
he
is
said
to
be
very
well
prouided
of
Munition
,
Armour
,
weapons
,
Powder
,
shott
,
and
such
like
military
prouision
;
the
certaine
quantity
wherof
I
cannot
certainly
enforme
,
because
,
but
vpon
especiall
fauour
,
and
by
commandement
,
they
dare
not
let
one
come
into
their
Fortes
.
And
to
write
what
others
say
,
were
to
erre
himselfe
and
seduce
others
.
I
was
by
good
meanes
in
the
Castle
at
Liuorno
,
where
I
told
of
field
peeces
three-score
and
foure
,
whereof
(
they
told
me
)
that
twelue
were
canon
,
and
demi-canon
;
by
which
proportion
it
is
to
be
coniectured
that
he
is
very
well
furnished
.
These
Souldiers
of
whom
is
already
spoken
,
are
all
in
pay
;
he
hath
also
a
Rassegna
,
his
trained
Souldier
(
as
we
in
England
call
them
)
about
the
number
whereof
there
is
great
difference
,
between
that
which
is
written
by
way
of
relation
,
&
that
which
is
by
way
of
conference
reported
.
Relations
(
then
which
nothing
is
more
false
)
write
that
there
be
thirty
six
thousand
:
but
I
talked
with
a
Captaine
,
who
hath
the
mustering
&
charge
of
three
hundred
within
the
precincts
of
Prato
(
then
whom
no
man
should
know
better
)
and
he
tolde
me
but
of
fifteene
thousand
.
In
this
diuersitie
of
report
I
haue
no
other
guide
to
direct
me
,
to
whether
of
these
I
should
giue
credit
,
then
by
a
rateable
proportion
of
the
part
with
the
whole
,
to
inferre
whether
of
these
two
commeth
nearer
to
the
trueth
,
in
this
manner
.
It
is
now
certainly
holden
,
that
the
number
of
people
in
the
States
of
Florence
and
Siena
vnited
together
,
are
about
eight
hundred
thousand
,
and
that
they
which
recken
six
in
the
one
&
fiue
in
the
other
,
and
so
make
one
million
and
one
hundred
thousand
,
do
somewhat
ouershoot
the
true
number
,
much
more
they
that
recken
800000.
in
the
state
of
Florence
,
and
600000.
in
that
of
Siena
,
not
considering
that
the
people
of
Siena
and
Pisa
with
their
precincts
are
much
decayed
,
as
hath
already
beene
partly
said
.
Now
then
if
sixteene
thousand
people
(
the
number
of
them
within
the
distretto
(
the
precincts
)
of
Prato
)
do
allow
the
great
Duke
a
Rassegna
of
three
hundred
,
which
I
haue
seene
foure
times
trained
(
for
they
muster
and
are
exercised
once
a
month
throughout
his
state
)
then
eight
hundred
thousand
will
allow
fifteene
thousand
after
that
rate
.
But
if
it
be
answered
that
vpon
the
frontiers
of
the
church
and
in
the
Maremma
,
there
is
a
greater
Rassegna
then
in
other
places
,
and
so
the
proportion
not
to
hold
,
I
reply
,
to
answer
this
with
sufficient
recompence
,
there
is
no
mustering
of
Souldiers
nor
any
Rassegna
in
the
cittie
of
Florence
,
which
is
a
good
part
of
the
whole
.
So
that
of
this
I
am
sure
,
that
in
Florence
,
Prato
,
Pistoia
,
Pisa
,
&
their
territories
,
there
are
not
in
all
aboue
two
thousand
two
hundred
▪
I
should
therfore
thinke
it
strange
and
very
disproportionate
,
that
there
should
be
aboue
twenty
thousand
in
all
.
It
may
be
demanded
why
they
of
Florence
are
not
trained
aswell
as
the
rest
;
the
reason
is
,
manet
alta
mente
reposta
tyrannis
Papae
,
&
consensus
Imperatoris
,
Pope
Clements
vsurping
,
and
Charles
the
fifts
consent
,
sticks
still
in
their
stomacks
.
For
they
haue
not
yet
forgot
that
their
fathers
were
free
&
commanders
ouer
others
)
&
therfore
they
are
not
onely
preuented
of
this
meanes
which
peraduenture
at
sometime
or
other
they
might
take
,
but
they
be
also
debarred
the
hauing
of
any
Armes
in
their
houses
,
or
of
wearing
any
weapon
by
their
sides
,
except
he
be
a
knight
of
the
order
,
or
a
trained
Souldier
,
or
an
officer
,
or
one
that
hath
especiall
licence
for
the
same
,
whereof
there
be
many
Gentlemen
in
Florence
,
according
to
the
fauour
they
haue
with
the
Prince
,
and
as
he
is
secured
of
them
.
The
like
is
through
the
whole
state
,
insomuch
as
many
will
sue
to
be
trained
Souldiers
(
a
thing
which
with
vs
they
would
gladly
auoide
)
because
they
might
be
priuiledged
to
weare
weapon
,
but
especially
(
which
is
also
a
freedome
granted
to
men
of
this
profession
)
because
they
might
not
be
arrested
for
debt
.
His
forces
at
Sea
and
land
are
these
already
remembred
,
beside
one
hundred
Launces
which
he
keepeth
in
Siena
,
&
some
fiftie
light
horse
in
his
owne
stables
at
Florence
,
besides
foure
hundred
more
in
other
places
of
his
state
.
His
Entrate
,
The
opinion
of
them
that
rate
his
Reuenue
at
1100.
thousand
Duckets
is
directed
by
this
particular
:
|
He
hath
say
they
,
out
of
the
Gabell
or
Toll
of
the
Gates
of
Florence
|
100.
|
thousand
Duckets
.
|
|
Dogana
or
Custome-house
at
Florence
|
100.
|
|
Gabel
vpon
Salt
through
that
State
|
120.
|
|
Vpon
Corne
through
that
State
|
120.
|
|
Vpon
flesh
through
that
State
|
80.
|
|
Vpon
Dowers
and
Bargaines
|
70.
|
|
Vpon
condemnations
and
Suites
in
law
|
65.
|
|
Pisa
and
Liuorno
yeeld
yearely
|
70.
|
|
Pistoia
yeeldeth
yearely
|
60.
|
|
Arezzo
yearely
|
20.
|
|
Volterra
yearely
yeeldeth
|
15.
|
|
Cortona
yeeldeth
|
20.
|
Monte
Pulciano
yeeldeth
yearely
|
10.
|
|
Fiesole
a
desolate
Cittie
yeeldeth
|
2.
|
|
Colle
a
Citty
of
fiue
yeares
old
yeeldeth
|
3.
|
|
The
Cittie
and
State
of
Siena
|
240.
|
All
which
together
make
the
summe
of
1095000.
which
within
fiue
thousand
Duckets
agreeth
with
the
said
sum
.
This
accompt
●hall
appeare
not
to
swarue
much
,
if
we
examine
each
particular
.
First
for
the
Toll
of
the
gates
of
Florence
and
custome
out
of
the
Dogana
,
it
is
apparently
knowne
that
the
great
Duke
lets
it
out
at
two
hundred
thousand
Duckets
the
yeare
at
the
least
,
reckoning
withall
of
all
other
impositions
one
fourth
part
of
that
whole
State
,
which
is
probably
supposed
to
be
gathered
hereout
.
There
is
paid
also
throughout
the
whole
state
,
eight
●n
the
hundred
for
marriages
,
as
if
the
womans
portion
be
a
thousand
duckets
,
the
Prince
hath
thereout
eighty
.
The
like
proportion
is
paid
for
buying
&
selling
of
houses
or
land
.
But
the
letting
of
houses
or
land
payeth
the
tenth
:
for
Cattell
bought
and
sold
,
he
hath
also
a
guiglio
,
that
is
six-pence
Sterling
in
euery
two
Duckets
,
and
though
the
Beasts
be
bought
and
sold
twice
in
one
houre
,
he
hath
still
after
the
same
rate
.
Furthermore
,
besides
his
impositions
vpon
the
Bancks
,
he
hath
at
euery
alienation
eight
in
the
hundred
▪
that
is
,
when
the
father
or
possessor
dieth
,
the
sonne
or
next
heires
payeth
after
this
rate
for
his
patrimony
left
him
.
He
hath
also
an
entrate
out
of
the
Burdello
stewes
,
Concerning
the
Gabell
vpon
bread
,
Concerning
the
flesh
,
He
hath
vpon
euery
pound
of
Salt
spent
,
ten
quattrini
gaine
,
that
is
three
halfe-pence
of
our
money
:
so
that
after
the
rate
of
foure
and
twenty
Moggia
the
day
,
for
three
hundred
dayes
in
a
yeare
,
allowing
the
other
sixtie
fiue
for
holly-dayes
,
he
gaines
two
hundred
and
sixteene
thousand
,
seauen
hundred
sixtie
one
Duckets
,
whereof
allowing
almost
one
halfe
for
the
state
of
Siena
,
because
there
he
hath
no
imposition
vpon
Salt
,
the
sum
will
accord
very
neerely
with
the
particular
abouesaid
.
As
for
the
Dogana
of
Lyuorno
,
But
ouer
and
besides
all
this
,
it
is
to
be
considered
,
Camere
Locande
lodgings
for
strangers
,
and
the
Innes
in
the
State
;
of
some
fortie
,
of
others
fiftie
,
&
of
some
foure-score
Duckets
,
euery
third
yeare
:
he
hath
also
in
some
places
his
Bake-houses
,
where
the
Inne-keepers
are
enioyned
to
take
their
bread
of
him
.
Though
this
exaction
be
so
great
vpon
the
Innes
at
Florence
,
and
in
the
road
way
to
Rome
,
notwithstanding
in
Pisa
the
yoake
is
not
so
heauy
,
there
the
manner
of
raising
the
Gabell
is
thus
.
At
euery
three
yeares
end
,
all
the
Inne-keepers
in
the
Cittie
are
to
appeare
at
a
Court
in
the
Dogana
kept
for
that
purpose
.
There
it
is
cryed
by
the
Officer
,
that
such
,
and
such
an
Inne
,
paide
these
last
three
yeares
so
many
Duckets
to
the
Prince
,
who
biddeth
more
?
There
is
a
Candle
set
vp
light
and
while
that
lasteth
,
it
is
lawfull
to
lone
and
bid
for
the
same
,
and
he
that
biddeth
most
shall
haue
it
.
Wherein
this
one
thing
may
seeme
more
strange
,
then
that
which
hath
beene
already
enformed
concerning
a
mans
Corne
,
that
in
some
cases
he
cannot
make
his
prouision
of
his
owne
;
for
here
if
another
will
giue
more
for
the
Inne
then
I
,
though
the
house
be
mine
owne
,
he
shall
haue
it
,
paying
me
onely
my
rent
,
and
I
shall
be
forced
to
seeke
another
.
I
haue
onely
this
priuiledge
aboue
another
,
that
I
offering
as
much
as
he
,
I
shal
be
first
serued
.
The
Inne-keeper
of
Pisa
where
lye
our
English
Marchants
,
auowed
this
to
be
most
true
;
he
paieth
for
these
three
yeares
forty
Duckets
.
His
Highnesse
hath
also
vpon
all
things
sold
in
shops
,
Concerning
all
the
taxes
and
impositions
,
certaine
it
is
,
In
euery
Citty
and
towne
corporate
(
as
I
may
say
)
in
Tuscanie
Poueri
Vergognosi
,
that
is
,
such
housholders
as
are
poore
and
are
ashamed
to
beg
,
whereof
there
is
consideration
had
by
the
foure
that
are
in
office
for
that
purpose
:
These
and
all
other
their
common
charges
,
as
trimming
of
Churches
,
repairing
of
Bridges
,
mending
of
high
wayes
,
and
such
like
,
being
defrayed
,
it
is
certaine
,
that
there
yearely
remaineth
one
fourth
part'
at
the
least
:
which
now
goeth
not
to
the
common
treasure
,
as
in
times
past
,
but
to
the
great
dukes
coffers
:
the
like
is
to
be
said
of
all
other
places
in
this
Dukedome
.
But
it
is
to
be
obserued
,
that
before
this
money
which
resulteth
of
the
Communità
be
carryed
to
Florence
to
the
dukes
Exchequer
,
Monte
di
Pietà
the
Bancke
of
Pitty
:
a
place
where
any
poore
man
may
pawne
his
houshold
stuffe
,
or
cloathes
,
or
whatsoeuer
els
is
worth
money
(
prouided
alwayes
the
gage
be
worth
more
then
the
money
)
he
taketh
this
money
he
hath
for
a
day
and
a
yeare
after
fiue
in
the
hundred
.
And
if
at
the
time
he
returne
not
to
redeeme
the
thing
engaged
,
it
is
sold
by
Trumpet
,
for
what
can
be
gotten
where-out
the
principall
and
interest
being
taken
,
the
poore
man
shall
haue
the
rest
.
So
that
the
great
Duke
hauing
this
ouerplus
,
for
now
it
is
their
Prouerbe
,
Il'Duca
è
la
Communità
in
euery
Citty
and
great
towne
,
and
the
vse
besides
for
the
money
,
which
will
amount
to
a
round
summe
through
the
whole
State
(
for
there
be
of
these
Banckes
in
euery
place
)
it
is
to
be
coniectured
,
that
his
whole
Entrate
is
a
greater
matter
then
it
is
ordinarily
taken
for
,
of
them
who
esteeme
it
at
one
Million
and
one
hundred
thousand
Duckets
,
I
should
rather
condiscend
to
them
,
that
rate
it
at
one
Million
and
a
halfe
.
Concerning
his
expenses
it
is
harder
to
guesse
at
,
As
for
his
expence
vpon
his
troope
of
horse
,
Don
Antonio
Doria
in
his
discourse
how
to
resist
the
Turke
at
Sea
doth
proportion
,
that
is
,
)
each
moneth
fiue
hundred
gold
crownes
a
Galley
,
commeth
in
the
halfe
yeare
which
time
they
be
commonly
at
Sea
,
to
the
sum
of
eighteene
thousand
gold
crownes
.
The
charge
of
his
Court
,
as
by
the
number
of
persons
therein
aboue
enformed
,
may
be
collected
,
cannot
be
great
.
I
haue
heard
one
of
his
seruants
say
,
that
the
Steward
is
allowed
for
Spezierie
,
Spicery
,
fifteene
thousand
duckets
,
&
that
all
other
charges
may
treble
so
much
more
.
As
for
all
officers
of
Court
,
but
these
few
before
remembred
,
they
feede
at
their
owne
tables
;
His
Pages
(
which
are
Gentlemens
sonnes
of
the
Citty
,
or
other
places
)
in
number
as
I
take
it
sixteene
,
are
at
his
charges
kept
at
Schoole
&
at
dyet
in
the
Citty
:
His
Staffieri
or
Footemen
are
allowed
six
Piastras
the
moneth
,
they
are
about
thirty
.
His
guarde
of
Swisses
haue
foure
Piastras
the
moneth
;
both
these
and
they
feed
at
their
owne
charge
,
or
soiorne
at
some
place
,
for
they
haue
no
allowance
out
of
the
dukes
kitchin
,
not
so
much
but
the
Cookes
as
I
haue
heard
,
hauing
done
their
office
,
go
to
their
owne
houses
to
meat
.
A
builder
this
duke
is
not
at
Liuorno
,
where
indeed
is
very
great
cost
bestowed
,
&
very
many
daily
working
:
howbeit
considering
the
labour
of
his
Galley-slaues
,
which
all
the
winter
are
there
imploied
,
and
of
many
poore
men
in
the
country
which
vpon
light
faults
are
thither
confined
,
whose
labour
he
hath
paying
nothing
,
it
may
appeare
the
charge
is
not
halfe
so
much
as
it
would
cost
another
.
There
are
also
to
be
considered
these
expenses
,
which
they
call
spese
segrete
,
secret
charges
,
&
no
doubt
are
very
great
,
for
that
this
Prince
maketh
his
way
to
many
effects
of
much
importance
by
money
;
as
namly
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
where
although
the
Pope
that
now
is
was
chosen
without
the
good
wil
,
or
rather
quite
against
the
desire
of
this
Prince
,
&
although
the
family
Aldobrandini
was
alwaies
an
empeacher
of
the
Medicies
greatnesse
,
and
though
likewise
the
father
of
this
Prince
executed
the
father
of
this
Pope
;
and
albeit
lastly
this
Pope
desireth
nothing
more
,
then
that
by
his
meanes
his
natiue
countrey
might
recouer
her
former
liberty
yet
notwithstanding
so
strong
is
this
Princes
faction
in
that
Colledge
,
and
so
many
his
friends
by
meanes
of
his
money
,
as
he
resteth
secured
from
any
such
danger
.
The
like
intelligence
it
is
said
he
hath
in
the
Spanish
court
by
presents
and
pensions
to
the
Infanta
,
&
others
of
the
Counsaile
,
so
as
by
his
money
he
is
able
to
diuert
what
purposes
soeuer
.
He
hath
also
at
his
maintenance
secret
espials
in
Florence
for
his
better
securitie
,
as
not
yet
forgetting
the
treason
of
Pucci
in
his
brothers
dayes
.
Concerning
his
Coines
,
there
is
the
gold
crowne
of
eight
Liuers
;
Moneta
grossa
great
money
:
It
was
a
good
world
say
they
,
when
we
might
haue
changed
a
quattrino
into
4.
,
denari
,
&
with
these
haue
bought
herbes
,
vineger
,
oile
,
&
Salt
,
the
4.
substantiall
parts
of
a
sallet
,
&
this
the
better
part
of
an
Italian
dinner
;
whereas
now
it
wil
cost
them
so
many
quattrini
:
a
great
alteration
,
a
grosse
sum
.
As
touching
the
manage
of
matters
of
state
,
Concerning
the
adm●nistration
of
Iustice
,
and
election
of
officers
,
There
is
in
the
Citty
of
Florence
the
Gran
Consiglio
,
Quaran●t
'
Otto
of
the
chiefe
Cittizens
,
and
such
in
whom
his
Highnesse
most
affieth
.
Of
which
number
there
must
alwaies
be
one
at
the
least
in
any
other
of
importance
.
But
the
Lieutenant
of
the
Citty
,
and
the
Sei
Consiglieri
must
be
all
out
of
these
fortie
eight
,
and
these
also
chosen
by
the
Duke
,
as
likewise
the
Dodeci
di
Collegio
.
Other
Officers
are
chosen
by
Ballot
,
as
the
Commissari
,
the
Proueditori
the
Capitani
,
Vicari
,
Podestâ
,
and
diuers
others
.
For
all
they
that
haue
office
&
place
of
command
throughout
this
state
of
Florence
,
are
Gentlemen
of
that
Citty
,
as
they
of
the
other
are
all
Gentlemen
of
Siena
.
There
is
also
in
Florence
the
Gl'Otto
di
guardia
e
balia
,
An
instance
of
this
we
had
this
Ianuary
last
past
,
To
d●scourse
th●●s
at
large
of
each
other
officer
and
Court
in
this
Citty
of
Florence
,
would
be
ouer
tedious
:
I
will
therefore
onely
name
the
rest
,
or
at
least
with
one
word
or
two
passe
them
ouer
.
There
is
the
office
of
the
Proconsolo
.
The
six
Capitani
delle
parti
.
The
six
Vffizials
de
Monti
;
the
Vffizio
delle
Prestanze
,
Li
noue
,
an
office
of
great
authoritie
,
without
whose
especiall
licence
,
no
man
may
arrest
or
commence
sute
against
a
Courtier
or
a
Souldier
,
or
a
stranger
.
There
are
the
Otto
Conseruatori
delle
leggi
.
There
be
the
six
Guidici
della
Ruota
,
which
iudge
in
all
causes
ciuill
,
these
onely
may
not
be
Florentines
.
Also
Li
sei
della
Mercantia
,
before
whom
come
all
matters
of
paying
or
receiuing
of
debts
,
these
onely
haue
authority
to
commit
to
prison
for
debt
.
There
be
also
the
Maestri
della
zecca
,
Mint
maisters
,
La
Banca
de
Pagatori
,
these
pay
all
Courtiers
,
souldiers
,
&
other
Prouisionati
&
seruants
of
his
highnesse
.
Furthermore
,
the
Vfficio
d'Onesta
.
These
haue
authority
ouer
all
actions
&
pleas
of
controuersie
arising
in
the
Burdello
:
here
the
whore
shall
haue
remedie
against
her
customer
that
denieth
paiment
of
the
price
agreed
vpon
and
if
he
alledge
her
vnworthinesse
,
she
shall
be
searched
,
and
according
as
the
Court
findeth
,
sentence
shall
be
giuen
:
with
much
other
such
stuffe
,
which
better
beseemeth
that
Court
,
then
this
d●scourse
to
treate
of
.
The
office
de
Pupilli
;
the
office
di
Cambio
;
the
offices
della
farina
del
sale
,
della
grascia
,
dell'abondanza
,
delle
decime
&
many
such
other
;
besides
the
offices
of
the
seauen
companies
,
the
Doganieri
in
the
Custome
house
;
the
Gabelliers
at
the
gates
;
the
Buon'huomini
dello
stinco
,
to
prouide
for
Prisoners
;
the
Buon
h●●omini
di
san
Martino
,
to
prouide
for
the
poore
,
&
infinite
such
other
inferiour
offices
.
Concerning
all
these
offices
abouesaid
,
As
for
all
other
officers
,
Concerning
their
law
it
is
emperiall
,
The
consideration
of
the
ciuill
fashion
and
honourable
carriage
of
the
Nobler
and
better
sort
of
Tuscanes
,
Parchi
,
ritirati
,
poco
amici
da
forastieri
,
tenaci
del
denaro
,
prouidi
dell'
auenire
,
cupi
,
cogitabondi
,
d'
animo
sempre
riuolto
all'interesse
,
intenti
al
quadagno
:
and
in
an
other
place
he
giueth
them
Sottigliezza
d'ingegno
,
parsimonia
,
accortezza
,
dilligenza
,
attitudine
all'Arti
vn
procedere
per
appunto
,
vn
star
sul
vantagio
,
vn
non
trascuraro
cosa
alcuna
:
that
is
;
they
be
niggards
they
liue
to
themselues
,
they
loue
no
strangers
they
are
close-fisted
they
haue
an
eye
to
the
back-dore
,
they
are
hard
to
be
sounded
,
they
are
euer
biting
the
lip
,
their
minde
euer
on
their
penny
,
their
study
still
how
to
gaine
.
Also
,
they
are
men
of
a
shrewd
wit
,
of
a
spare
dyet
,
of
a
warie
and
discreet
carriage
,
very
industrious
,
very
apt
to
learne
,
they
proceed
for
an
inche
,
they
stand
vpon
the
aduantage
,
they
will
not
loose
the
droppings
of
their
nose
.
This
writer
hath
gotten
(
and
worthely
)
for
many
his
ouersights
in
that
booke
,
the
imputation
of
a
notable
lyar
,
and
for
his
egregious
partiallities
on
the
Spanish
side
,
the
note
of
a
notorious
flatterer
.
But
sure
had
the
rest
of
his
Booke
beene
able
in
the
Ballance
of
truth
to
haue
holden
counterpeasable
to
this
iudiciall
report
of
the
Florentines
,
he
had
well
deserued
the
Pasport
of
Seene
and
allowed
,
Cum
Priuilegio
.
And
yet
by
his
leaue
I
cannot
beleeue
without
some
good
reason
,
alla
mostra●
,
and
speakes
alwayes
alla
grande
(
witnesse
their
great
houses
and
small
furniture
of
the
one
,
their
great
words
and
small
matter
of
the
other
)
would
be
squeamish
of
their
knowledge
if
they
had
it
,
that
haue
such
quintessence
of
termes
to
grace
it
?
Ind●ed
I
ve●●ly
thinke
,
that
when
the
Florentine
was
Lord
and
Patrone
of
Pisa
,
Pistoia
,
Volterra
,
Arezzo
;
and
those
other
Citties
,
that
then
he
had
wit
.
But
now
I
see
not
why
we
should
not
say
of
him
,
as
we
vse
to
doe
of
young
vnthrifts
,
that
were
left
rich
,
and
haue
foolishly
spent
or
lost
it
(
They
were
well
if
they
had
had
wit
to
keepe
it
)
I
dare
say
,
that
if
Maccianell
were
againe
liuing
,
and
should
see
them
,
that
were
wont
to
rule
a
state
,
now
not
to
bring
a
few
Lettice
from
their
Villa
,
but
at
the
gate
to
toll
for
them
he
would
vnsay
that
which
he
had
formerly
said
,
and
sweare
they
had
no
witte
.
I
would
not
haue
said
thus
much
,
but
that
their
writers
will
needs
all
of
them
put
the
(
witte
)
vpon
them
,
and
they
for
sooth
will
needs
take
it
.
As
though
witte
were
confined
to
Florence
,
and
band●ted
from
all
other
citties
.
Let
it
be
concluded
of
Florence
as
of
all
other
places
(
without
this
singularitie
)
that
there
be
some
wise
men
,
but
more
fooles
,
and
so
I
will
leaue
them
.
As
for
their
aptnesse
to
learne
,
Their
nature
(
he
saith
)
is
close
and
retired
,
mala
creanzaille
,
manners
to
accept
any
his
offers
,
it
is
not
the
fashion
of
Tuscany
:
for
were
this
custome
of
taking
once
vp
,
the
complement
of
offering
would
soone
downe
.
What
else
Roterus
saith
I
hold
most
true
,
illorum
ingluuiem
,
sordes
,
inediam
.
Though
concerning
the
place
it
is
quite
contrary
,
for
the
harlots
do
pitissare
abroad
,
and
deuorare
at
home
.
As
touching
their
apparell
,
For
their
names
,
Concerning
their
language
,
it
is
the
best
of
Italy
.
me
,
te
,
se
,
ne
,
ve
,
and
such
like
,
very
agreeable
with
that
other
language
,
I
dare
not
giue
them
credit
:
for
if
it
were
plumed
of
the
Romans
feathers
,
I
thinke
it
would
be
but
a
naked
language
.
True
it
is
,
that
from
the
French
and
Dutch
tongues
it
borroweth
much
,
and
somewhat
from
the
Greekes
.
As
abbassare
,
allogiare
,
auanzare
,
comminciare
,
donna
,
gaglicardo
;
and
infinite
others
from
the
French
,
Arnese
,
becoo
,
brano
,
brindisi
,
elmo
,
fiasce
,
fresce
,
giallo
;
and
many
moe
from
the
Dutche
.
They
haue
also
from
the
Greekes
,
as
Battezzo
,
catedra
,
catarro
,
golfo
,
gamba
,
mottegio
rimbombo
,
rio
,
&c.
So
that
if
the
Gothe
and
Vandall
had
also
theirs
,
I
thinke
this
Tuscane
tongue
would
be
left
nothing
but
her
quaint
diminiti●es
,
wherin
consisteth
h●r
onely
grace
;
as
of
Pouero
the
plaine
song
,
she
runnes
a
descant
of
Pouerone
,
Pouerino
,
Poueretto
,
and
Poueraccio
,
and
so
almost
of
any
worde
whatsoeuer
.
This
Language
also
challengeth
to
haue
a
singular
grace
in
her
vocall
terminations
,
as
in
such
words
as
these
,
Rinfrescatoio
,
Temperatoio
,
Cuoio
,
Asciugatoio
,
and
such
like
;
which
they
of
Tuscany
say
are
of
a
more
sweete
desinence
then
any
of
the
Latine
,
and
so
I
thinke
,
how beit
they
must
needs
acknowledge
the
borrowing
of
this
elegancie
from
one
of
the
Greeke
dialects
,
for
what
can
be
more
like
to
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
and
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Fauella
Florentina
in
bocca
Sanese
:
So
that
,
he
that
shall
haue
the
tearmes
of
the
one
,
and
the
accent
of
the
other
,
Omne
tulerit
punctum
,
shall
hit
the
marke
.
Concerning
quarrels
,
But
if
it
be
a
wrong
wher●of
he
purposeth
a
reuenge
,
Concerning
the
wooing
&
winning
of
his
Mistresse
fauour
,
I
should
take
the
course
in
this
Relation
,
which
many
husbands
doe
in
their
wishes
,
that
is
,
presently
after
marrying
to
talke
of
burying●●
which
also
differeth
much
from
ours
in
England
:
but
if
I
should
speake
thereof
being
a
Church
action
,
I
should
also
speake
of
other
Church
matters
,
whereof
I
purposely
omitt
to
speake
;
as
also
of
all
other
their
manners
and
customes
common
with
other
people
of
Italy
.
I
will
therefore
knit
vp
this
little
Treatise
of
this
great
Duchie
,
with
this
abrupt
period
,
namely
:
That
this
People
liues
much
discontented
,
as
appeareth
by
their
daily
and
great
,
(
but
Priuate
)
complainings
:
hauing
fresh
in
their
mindes
their
former
libertie
,
and
heauie
on
their
backes
their
present
yoake
.
That
this
State
is
like
a
body
which
hath
lately
taken
Phisick
,
whose
humours
are
not
yet
well
setled
,
or
as
a
stomack
weakned
so
much
by
purging
,
as
there
is
now
nothing
left
but
melancholy
.
Concluding
of
this
people
,
as
of
a
person
that
liues
alwayes
vnder
the
hands
of
a
Phisition
,
Qui
sub
Medicis
vinit
,
misore
vinit
.
FINIS
.