A
BRIEFE
DISCOVRSE
OF
THE
SPANISH
STATE
.
PHILIP
(
the
father
of
great
Alexander
)
hauing
increased
his
small
kingdome
of
Macedonia
to
the
Empire
of
Greece
:
and
considering
how
needfull
the
fauour
of
all
men
was
for
the
life
of
his
reputation
in
that
romth
;
commanded
that
daily
ere
he
came
from
his
chamber
,
a
boy
standing
at
the
dore
should
say
with
loud
voyce
,
Philip
remember
thou
art
a
mortall
man
:
a
course
beyond
anie
expectation
of
that
time
;
he
being
deriued
from
Hercules
,
whom
for
his
excellencie
,
they
feigne
was
translated
amongst
the
gods
.
Some
who
haue
since
that
time
preferred
iustice
before
the
other
vertues
,
do
name
humilitie
;
(
as
that
which
belongeth
onely
to
man
)
to
be
the
meanest
notwithstanding
that
she
linketh
the
rest
,
and
is
mother
to
clemencie
,
who
chiefly
bringeth
forth
the
fauor
of
the
people
.
The
regard
which
this
prudent
king
had
to
make
his
succession
immoueable
,
and
to
raise
them
to
the
highest
top
of
glorie
(
as
he
did
by
making
their
foord
,
by
his
affabilitie
,
tempetance
and
clemencie
)
is
of
excellent
president
for
all
Princes
:
who
to
effect
the
like
,
are
to
appeare
before
God
as
men
clothed
with
humilitie
;
and
before
men
as
God
adotned
with
clemencie
:
they
being
both
men
&
gods
respecting
their
condition
of
humane
frailtie
;
and
high
place
of
their
royall
dignitie
.
The
error
which
groweth
by
the
abuse
of
these
things
is
dangerous
,
as
that
which
leadeth
either
into
a
manifest
tyrannie
,
or
a
remissenesse
of
gouernement
.
For
howe
may
he
that
perceiueth
not
the
passions
of
men
,
or
feeleth
not
in
him selfe
an
inclination
to
mercie
;
either
relieue
the
people
of
their
miseries
as
man
,
or
prouide
for
their
infirmities
as
God
?
To
seeme
therfore
such
who
seeke
a
reformation
and
benefit
of
the
people
(
a
report
very
plausible
)
and
couertly
to
deuour
manie
prouinces
,
is
a
practise
neither
of
man
or
God
,
but
of
Deuils
incarnate
.
I
would
there
were
not
any
vnto
whom
this
might
be
obiected
:
&
that
her
Maiestie
whose
most
noble
Progenitors
haue
deserued
well
of
Spaine
,
might
,
if
for
no
other
cause
then
the
auncient
league
betweene
the
Crowne
of
Castill
and
the
house
of
Lancaster
,
haue
enioyed
their
good
neighbourhood
and
friendship
of
times
past
.
But
seeing
that
their
cheerefull
countenance
(
being
oppressed
with
the
ill
humours
of
their
ambition
)
is
turned
into
a
melancholie
darke
,
I
haue
thought
good
for
the
benefit
of
her
Maiesties
subiectes
,
(
some
of
them
hauing
vaine
imaginations
of
the
Spaniards
excellent
giftes
and
greatnesse
)
to
drawe
the
lineaments
of
their
Empire
and
good
nature
,
by
which
it
may
appeare
howe
monstruous
the
proportion
of
both
is
,
which
they
would
should
seeme
most
exquisit
and
comely
to
all
men
.
It
is
certaine
that
Spaine
is
of
great
antiquitie
,
bearing
that
name
vnder
the
first
Monarchie
;
but
when
we
shall
consider
the
significations
of
her
and
of
her
first
inhabitant
,
we
shall
find
her
age
no
ornament
(
as
it
hath
bene
in
the
names
of
the
foure
Monarchies
,
and
of
some
other
nations
)
but
a
great
deformitie
considering
her
incommodities
,
and
peruerse
qualities
of
that
people
all
naturall
defects
being
made
more
imperfect
by
continuance
or
alteration
of
times
.
Touching
therefore
the
significations
Tubal
,
signifying
worldly
,
Of
this
contemptible
beginning
(
which
in
respect
of
their
meannesse
was
long
without
suspition
of
tyrannie
haue
they
(
lothing
the
streights
of
Hercules
pillers
,
and
his
Plus
vltra
)
extended
their
limits
to
the
vtmost
Indians
;
where
they
haue
erected
this
Trophaea
of
Alexanders
conceipt
,
Non
sufficit
orbis
;
but
how
farre
from
the
temperance
of
good
Princes
,
let
anie
barbarian
iudge
,
who
would
haue
bene
glutted
with
halfe
the
miseries
of
them
,
with
whose
euils
the
Spaniard
is
not
yet
satisfied
.
For
better
expressing
the
particularities
of
their
policie
let
vs
(
before
we
come
to
the
significations
of
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
and
Tubal
,
only
for
an
introduction
to
the
nature
of
both
)
obserue
these
foure
points
:
First
how
that
that
nation
rising
Romanes
,
(
the
South
part
excepted
)
aswell
in
respect
of
the
vnfruitfulnesse
of
the
soyle
,
as
sauage
and
rude
life
of
the
inhabitants
:
all
which
concerne
the
significations
of
that
countrie
and
inhabitant
:
but
first
of
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
It
is
conuenient
,
that
we
perceiue
the
effectes
of
this
name
by
nearer
circumstances
of
ages
then
the
former
generall
poincts
:
in
respect
whereof
,
we
must
first
looke
Spaine
,
Chrysaurus
;
or
the
Romanes
who
often
restrained
them
,
being
able
to
suppresse
their
theeuerie
.
But
they
depend
vpon
this
ground
,
that
those
things
in
which
manie
offend
,
are
alwayes
forgiuen
,
and
that
there
is
no
law
prescribed
to
necessitie
.
Thirdly
behold
their
small
multitude
of
people
regarding
Spaine
;
caritie
,
penurie
and
want
.
For
as
it
is
natural
that
those
females
that
giue
sucke
,
may
bring
so
manie
of
their
kind
as
they
haue
tets
:
so
is
it
monstruous
to
produce
moe
than
they
haue
meanes
to
releeue
:
this
being
alwaies
a
rule
,
that
there
is
no
region
which
is
fruitfull
(
vnlesse
mortalitie
be
a
depriuing
cause
)
but
that
according
to
the
good
prouidence
of
nature
it
is
also
populous
.
Fourthly
,
suruay
the
scituation
of
Spaine
,
which
generally
Fiftly
,
obserue
some
causes
of
their
rebellion
in
the
Italy
,
Flanders
and
Almaine
:
and
their
graine
into
Portingall
Sixtly
,
marke
their
couetousnesse
:
which
vice
though
This
fault
of
auarice
is
no
lesse
peculiar
to
the
Spaniards
than
theft
:
both
issuing
from
one
fountaine
,
and
hauing
their
difference
but
in
circumstance
of
time
,
and
persons
:
the
first
belonging
to
their
Princes
,
is
somewhile
named
ambition
:
the
other
appertaining
to
the
meaner
sort
,
they
would
should
be
called
a
militarie
libertie
:
but
we
know
it
by
no
other
name
then
pilfring
and
robbery
.
Touching
their
couetousnesse
,
it
partly
appeareth
in
fraudulent
shifting
their
creditors
:
partly
by
their
rauenous
desire
to
oppresse
all
parts
,
and
partly
by
offending
against
the
affections
and
dignitie
of
parents
.
As
concerning
the
cousinage
of
their
creditors
,
our
Princes
haue
deeplier
tasted
their
deceit
then
any
others
.
Don
Piero
,
being
restored
to
his
kingdome
of
Castill
by
the
onely
cheualrie
and
sole
charges
of
the
Duke
of
Aquitaine
The
Duke
of
Lancaster
pursuing
in
Galitia
the
title
of
Constance
,
daughter
to
Don
Piero
and
heire
of
Castile
:
sent
the
Archbishop
of
Burdeaux
to
Piero
king
of
Aragon
,
for
the
arrerages
of
those
summes
hee
was
to
pay
Edward
the
third
and
his
heires
Dukes
of
Aquitan
,
for
the
yearely
discharge
of
500.
horse
:
but
hee
had
no
other
paiment
(
the
alterations
of
this
Realme
not
permitting
to
bring
this
king
to
reason
)
but
the
imprisonment
of
his
Ambassador
in
Barcelona
.
The
Emperor
Charles
the
5.
as
king
of
Spaine
,
to
draw
Henrie
the
eight
into
a
warre
against
France
,
who
had
paide
him
yearely
from
thence
133.
thousand
crownes
for
Marie
,
to
please
her
husband
,
cancelled
them
.
How
the
French
king
Charles
the
8.
released
the
king
Parpignan
,
by
meane
of
that
cousining
frier
,
Oliuer
Maillard
,
I
let
passe
with
these
notes
,
that
as
it
behooueth
the
kings
of
France
to
suspect
the
hypocrisie
of
friers
in
regard
of
the
ambition
Lorran
:
so
it
standeth
the
king
of
Spaine
in
hand
not
to
dye
in
Egypt
,
no
man
being
buried
there
,
by
an
ancient
law
of
that
region
,
(
if
his
gouernement
hath
bin
tyranous
)
or
his
debts
vnpaide
.
To
returne
to
the
second
part
of
their
couetousnesse
,
ouerthrowing
the
foundation
of
Iustice
:
if
this
ground
be
true
that
nothing
is
profitable
that
is
not
honest
,
these
men
are
too
deuout
seruitors
of
the
Pope
,
he
crying
this
Prince
sweats
,
or
fetch
,
to
leape
like
water
spaniels
at
the
sacred
dignities
of
kings
,
and
to
enter
violently
their
Domaines
established
by
his
diuine
order
,
who
said
by
me
I
will
iustifie
it
,
that
if
the
right
of
Millaine
appertaine
not
to
the
kings
of
France
,
who
claimed
that
Dutchie
by
Valentina
grandmother
to
Lewis
the
twelfth
,
&
daughter
and
heire
to
Iohn
Galeazzo
,
who
had
it
of
the
gift
of
the
Emperor
Sigismund
,
that
then
it
belongeth
to
the
Empire
.
It
is
also
certaine
that
the
Spanish
claime
to
the
kingdome
of
Naples
and
Sicilia
(
if
the
treatie
at
Madrick
helpe
not
)
is
voidable
:
the
same
growing
vpon
the
adoption
Aragon
,
by
Iohn
the
daughter
of
Lancelot
the
son
of
Charles
de
la
Paix
,
an
vsurper
of
those
realmes
:
which
for
good
cause
shee
retracted
in
her
life
,
&
conuaied
her
title
to
Lewis
the
third
,
sonne
to
Lewis
the
second
,
sonne
to
Lewis
the
first
,
being
Duke
of
Aniou
;
and
before
adopted
by
Ioan
the
daughter
of
Lewis
the
sonne
of
Robert
:
all
which
were
lawfully
possessed
of
those
Realmes
.
After
which
Lewis
the
third
Duke
of
Aniou
,
hauing
in
him
the
right
of
the
two
Queenes
,
and
dying
without
issue
,
left
them
to
his
brother
Rene
,
who
hauing
no
issue
male
,
gaue
his
interest
to
his
brother
Charles
who
dying
likewise
without
issue
,
left
his
title
by
testament
to
the
french
king
Lewis
the
11.
in
respect
wherof
Charles
the
8.
his
sonne
entred
Italie
&
recouered
Naples
,
where
he
was
crowned
.
Moreouer
the
Spaniard
neither
as
king
of
Spaine
or
Duke
of
Burgundie
hath
any
right
to
Holland
,
Zeland
,
and
Henault
,
the
same
hauing
bene
the
patrimonie
of
Iaquet
daughter
&
heire
to
Guilliam
Duke
of
Bauiers
&
wife
to
Iohn
Duke
of
Brabant
,
who
died
without
issue
;
since
which
time
Philip
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
his
cosen
,
&
his
heire
(
hauing
their
will
for
law
)
haue
violently
detained
those
prouinces
.
Furthermore
,
their
title
to
Maiorica
,
Minorica
,
&
to
the
higher
Nauar
,
resteth
vpon
these
doubts
:
first
that
if
king
Philip
were
taken
in
battel
,
or
intrapped
by
other
meanes
,
and
imprisoned
during
his
life
,
whether
Spaine
shuld
be
forfait
to
him
whose
captiue
he
were
.
Secondly
,
if
Spaine
were
prescribed
by
the
holy
father
(
who
many
times
is
implacable
)
whether
that
kingdome
were
his
,
who
first
laid
hand
thereon
.
I
am
perswaded
they
would
reck
on
these
questions
absurd
:
but
if
the
case
bee
altered
with
names
,
it
is
cocke
on
the
hoope
for
them
,
&
clearer
then
the
midday
.
For
the
king
of
Aragons
conquest
of
Maiorica
,
and
Minorica
was
by
no
other
meane
then
by
keeping
the
king
of
both
in
prison
till
his
death
:
of
which
wrong
the
king
his
sonne
complained
to
Edward
Duke
of
Aquitan
,
who
assured
him
,
(
his
wars
Don
Piero
of
Castile
)
he
would
yeeld
him
all
fauor
possible
.
Their
chiualrie
in
their
thieuish
surprising
the
higher
Nauarre
(
which
they
hold
by
force
of
the
Popes
proscription
)
is
of
like
condition
:
whereby
it
may
appeare
that
notwithstanding
these
Caualeros
haue
their
Rapiers
hanging
point
blancke
,
that
it
is
their
penurie
at
home
,
that
giues
them
stomake
,
according
to
their
name
that
they
are
Sagaces
Hispani
,
to
winde
,
or
smell
their
neighbors
cupbords
abrode
.
The
late
Prince
of
Orenge
hath
declared
their
iniurie
to
Don
Anthonio
for
Portingall
,
and
God
himselfe
,
(
wherein
we
haue
to
boast
and
be
thankfull
)
hath
with
hautie
stile
penned
our
Apologie
for
England
:
wherefore
I
omit
both
,
to
shewe
the
last
branch
of
their
couetousnesse
,
then
which
there
is
nothing
that
more
toucheth
their
indignitie
:
for
if
it
be
proper
to
the
Lion
and
Tiger
to
pursue
with
incredible
furie
,
those
that
bereue
them
of
their
whelpes
:
what
greater
beastlines
can
there
be
in
man
who
hath
reason
,
&
is
not
borne
for
himselfe
,
then
contrarie
to
the
naturall
instinct
of
brute
beastes
,
to
make
his
issue
captiue
,
whom
nature
made
free
?
as
the
Spaniards
by
selling
the
Indian
women
conceiued
with
child
by
them
,
haue
done
to
their
great
obloquie
.
This
kinde
of
auarice
caused
the
Indians
to
practise
new
matter
:
but
rather
it
may
be
the
diuine
punishment
,
considering
the
simplicitie
of
that
people
;
who
as
they
could
opportunely
take
the
Spaniards
,
powred
melted
gold
into
their
mouthes
,
vsing
Thomyris
words
to
Cyrus
head
in
bloud
,
now
drinke
your
fill
To
returne
from
whence
I
digressed
,
touching
their
qualities
expressing
the
significations
of
Spaine
.
Next
to
their
couetousnesse
their
enuy
is
to
be
regarded
,
a
vice
proper
to
men
of
base
account
,
and
peculiar
aboue
all
Egmond
,
(
who
with
the
aide
of
our
artilery
from
sea
)
ouerthrew
the
Frenchmen
betweene
Grauelin
and
Dunkercke
:
which
victorie
the
Spaniard
imputed
onely
to
the
Counties
temerity
,
and
for
recompence
of
his
valure
,
could
not
after
aford
him
his
life
.
Hitherto
haue
I
prooued
the
significations
of
Spaine
as
causes
by
their
effects
,
or
maximes
by
their
consequences
:
now
remaineth
to
speake
of
Tubal
,
signifying
,
of
the
world
,
worldly
,
confusion
,
and
ignomy
.
Some
may
thinke
that
what
hath
bene
said
for
Spaine
belongeth
also
to
Tubal
;
but
I
am
of
another
minde
:
for
as
it
followeth
not
necessarily
,
that
whosoeuer
is
rich
,
is
therefore
proud
,
high
minded
and
insolent
,
no
more
is
it
consequent
,
that
the
poore
are
worldly
,
confuse
,
and
ignominious
:
many
of
both
sorts
being
such
whom
God
doth
loue
:
in
respect
whereof
,
it
behoueth
me
to
handle
this
,
as
the
other
a
part
;
to
make
apparant
that
they
are
no
lesse
confuse
,
and
ignominious
,
than
naturally
poore
and
miserable
.
As
for
these
words
,
worldly
,
or
of
the
world
;
although
their
grosse
ignorance
of
diuine
things
may
be
prooued
thereby
,
yet
for
that
they
belong
to
my
Masters
the
Diuines
,
I
let
them
passe
.
First
therefore
as
touching
confusion
,
it
is
a
peruerting
or
confounding
the
comlinesse
and
order
of
things
Diuine
,
naturall
,
and
ciuill
;
by
meane
whereof
a
detriment
or
deformitie
of
our
persons
,
dignities
,
or
states
presently
ensueth
.
As
concerning
things
Diuine
,
there
is
no
nation
that
so
confoundeth
their
vse
,
and
seemeth
religious
not
being
so
,
as
the
Spaniard
for
an
instant
.
Ferdinando
and
Isabella
after
they
had
recouered
Granado
from
the
Mores
,
were
presently
intituled
the
most
Christian
Princes
:
which
being
stomached
by
France
,
they
had
after
the
name
of
Catholike
,
which
did
no
lesse
hurt
then
the
title
of
vniuersall
or
supreme
bishop
:
for
hauing
so
glorious
an
addition
annexed
to
their
newe
kingdome
,
they
studied
to
do
somwhat
,
sauoring
also
of
noueltie
,
that
might
seeme
worthie
of
the
holy
fathers
fauour
,
and
their
Epitheton
:
in
respect
whereof
they
established
a
company
of
the
order
of
Dominicks
,
to
looke
into
the
corrupt
life
&
maners
of
the
Mores
and
Iewes
of
Spaine
,
whom
they
named
fathers
of
the
holy
Inquisition
.
These
Fathers
as
dropt
from
heauen
,
gaue
great
hope
of
their
proceeding
to
all
men
;
for
in
short
space
,
all
Mahumatisme
and
Iudaisme
,
seemed
by
their
diligent
search
to
be
extirped
in
Spaine
:
neither
was
there
any
thing
expected
from
them
,
but
the
effects
of
pietie
,
and
propagation
of
Christianitie
:
their
aduantage
to
this
sentence
,
The
workman
is
worthy
his
hier
,
excepted
;
which
greatly
inriched
their
holy
house
with
confiscate
goods
,
but
after
their
trade
,
in
which
they
had
found
some
sweetnes
,
began
to
decay
at
home
;
they
thought
good
(
as
grayhounds
missing
wolues
do
fall
to
sheepe
)
to
make
it
currant
at
Naples
,
which
the
Princes
&
people
of
that
kingdome
a
while
withstood
:
but
being
after
terrified
,
partly
with
the
Popes
censures
,
partly
with
the
power
of
the
Emperor
Charles
the
5.
they
accepted
it
,
Sed
iniquis
conditionibus
.
Hauing
gotten
free
passage
for
this
newe
creature
in
Italy
,
they
attempted
to
make
it
knowne
to
our
worlde
,
where
it
bred
such
Antiphisicall
effects
,
by
tearing
the
vnion
of
Belgia
,
and
renting
our
peace
,
that
if
euer
this
saying
were
found
true
that
Religion
brought
forth
riches
,
and
the
daughter
deuowred
the
mother
,
it
was
then
when
their
auarice
,
cloked
with
Christian
reformation
,
filled
all
places
with
proscriptions
,
slaughter
,
and
flame
.
Moreouer
,
where
the
Greeke
Tau
(
hauing
some
forme
of
a
crosse
)
was
amongst
the
Egyptian
Hierographicall
letters
in
great
admiration
,
as
containing
diuine
mysteries
:
and
furthermore
,
where
the
Emperor
Constantine
had
Lutheranos
,
and
Burrachios
that
adore
not
the
same
:
yet
without
any
religious
feare
,
(
which
no
Iewe
would
doe
,
esteeming
swine
vncleane
)
drue
the
Iudge
of
Tordissillas
out
of
a
Church
,
and
strangled
him
vpon
a
gallowes
betweene
two
hogges
,
as
Christ
was
crucified
betweene
two
theeues
,
wherein
they
blasphemed
not
the
signe
,
but
the
thing
signified
.
This
report
Antonio
di
Gueuarra
(
a
man
of
more
qualified
condition
than
their
countrie
yeeldeth
,
made
in
his
Oration
at
Braxinia
to
the
Knights
of
the
assembly
.
He
affirmed
also
in
his
Epistle
to
the
bishop
of
Zamona
,
chieftaine
of
the
rebels
in
Spaine
,
that
one
of
his
priests
standing
behind
a
window
at
Tordissillas
,
ouerthrew
eleuen
of
the
Emperors
souldiers
with
his
Hargabusse
:
with
which
ech
time
before
he
slew
one
with
the
bullet
,
hee
crost
himselfe
.
Let
Charles
the
fift
censure
their
Pageants
with
their
holy
father
,
and
his
venerable
companie
vnder
Bourbon
,
at
that
time
his
son
Philip
was
borne
:
he
doubting
whether
he
had
more
cause
to
glorie
in
the
birth
of
his
sonne
,
or
to
lament
their
contempt
of
the
Pope
,
and
holie
places
.
I
denie
not
but
some
Almaines
had
their
handes
also
in
that
matter
,
but
the
fault
belonged
to
no
other
then
the
Spaniards
:
(
who
the
Duke
of
Bourbon
being
slaine
)
commaunded
the
armie
,
and
were
masters
of
the
field
.
In
reproouing
of
their
abuse
,
either
of
the
Crosse
or
Pope
,
let
no
man
take
me
that
I
esteeme
them
as
things
Diuine
or
holy
:
I
speaking
onely
according
to
their
opinion
of
both
,
which
they
reckon
diuine
and
holy
.
Nowe
commeth
in
place
the
second
part
of
confusion
,
which
consisteth
in
violating
that
order
which
hath
bin
prescribed
by
nature
,
for
preseruation
of
honestie
,
and
the
excellency
of
man
.
This
schoolemistris
,
was
of
her selfe
daintie
and
most
excellent
,
till
the
serpent
deflowred
her
,
and
the
Spaniard
abused
her
fauour
:
notwithstanding
which
,
she
aloweth
not
the
desire
of
man
to
increase
his
like
,
in
vnlawfull
or
vncomely
sort
:
both
which
are
against
the
dignitie
and
intention
of
Nature
,
whose
obiect
is
honestie
.
Her
lawes
are
,
that
we
be
followers
of
modesty
,
that
a
Parent
should
cherish
his
childe
,
a
husband
his
wife
,
and
all
liuing
creatures
should
liue
pacified
with
them
of
their
owne
kinde
.
But
to
vse
women
forcibly
in
publike
places
,
or
in
the
presence
of
many
,
as
some
phrenticke
persons
accustome
Fez
:
or
for
Parents
to
kill
their
children
,
husbands
their
wiues
,
and
one
people
many
Nations
,
she
detesteth
,
as
customes
vnfit
for
men
,
and
not
vsed
(
the
first
excepted
)
by
fierce
and
vnreasonable
creatures
.
I
meane
to
cite
but
few
examples
,
yet
such
as
may
no
lesse
expresse
this
confusion
,
then
the
print
of
Hercules
foote
his
whole
stature
.
At
their
first
arriuall
in
the
West
Indes
(
there
accounting
nothing
vnlawfull
)
exercised
all
tyranny
on
that
people
,
who
hauing
till
then
enioyed
a
long
libertie
,
estemed
the
Spaniards
more
daungerous
than
wilde
beasts
:
in
respect
whereof
many
flying
their
seruitude
,
cast
themselues
from
rockes
:
other
pined
themselues
with
famine
,
and
some
cut
their
throates
with
sharpe
stones
:
neither
spared
the
Indian
women
that
were
with
childe
to
take
venimous
potions
,
and
to
rippe
their
wombes
to
set
free
their
infants
from
the
cruell
bondage
of
Spaine
.
But
this
booted
not
,
the
Spaniards
minding
rather
to
reserue
them
to
foule
vses
,
and
to
aid
them
in
their
slaughters
,
then
they
should
pine
,
or
ende
their
liues
by
any
other
meane
then
their
chiualrie
.
Hauing
therefore
recouered
such
as
Fortune
spared
,
they
shamed
not
,
driuing
them
as
droues
of
beastes
,
to
rauish
the
women
hauing
children
fastened
to
their
necks
,
both
their
owne
bands
and
the
Indians
beholding
them
.
But
what
durst
not
these
rutters
do
amongst
a
naked
,
&
simple
people
,
that
omitted
no
outrage
in
a
country
hauing
lawes
,
walled
townes
,
and
armed
men
?
for
many
thousand
of
like
stuffe
receiue
this
one
for
proofe
of
the
rest
.
At
Insul
a
towne
in
Flaunders
,
three
of
these
gallants
entered
a
citizens
house
wholy
of
their
faction
;
where
two
of
them
held
the
husband
,
whilest
the
third
rauished
his
wife
in
his
presence
:
who
crying
for
helpe
,
&
hauing
two
neighbours
come
to
his
rescue
,
the
Spaniardes
also
cried
Spaine
(
a
watch
word
to
assist
their
villanies
)
wherevpon
diuerse
of
their
company
repaired
to
them
,
accusing
the
husband
and
his
neighbors
of
riot
,
for
which
the
one
was
adiudged
to
be
whipt
,
and
the
other
to
be
hanged
.
Let
this
much
suffise
for
that
vice
,
wherein
they
contend
only
with
vnreasonable
creatures
:
somewhat
being
to
bespoken
also
of
their
murther
and
cruelty
,
which
belongeth
to
this
part
of
confusion
,
wherin
they
alone
haue
top
and
top
gallant
.
Solon
hauing
giuen
lawes
to
the
Athenians
,
was
demanded
why
he
made
not
one
for
parricide
:
for
that
saith
he
,
I
thinke
no
man
so
beastly
to
commit
it
.
The
Philosopher
thought
nature
to
haue
great
authority
in
this
matter
;
but
seing
that
loue
only
descendeth
,
she
commandeth
little
.
That
the
child
hath
murthered
the
parent
,
moued
by
a
couetous
desire
,
either
of
patrimony
or
gouernement
,
is
more
apparant
in
the
line
of
Othomano
then
piety
would
:
but
for
the
father
to
kill
his
innocent
sonne
,
or
the
husband
his
chast
wife
,
besides
that
family
and
the
act
of
Herod
,
I
knowe
no
authentike
proofe
,
vnlesse
Spaine
can
yeeld
some
president
for
both
.
In
the
yeare
1568.
the
Duke
of
Alba
descending
with
the
Terrezans
of
Milan
and
Naples
into
the
lower
countries
,
vpon
pretence
of
pacifying
that
state
:
and
leauing
no
kind
of
tyranny
vnexercised
,
gaue
great
mislike
of
his
doings
to
all
men
:
especially
to
the
young
Prince
of
Spaine
,
who
often
complained
of
his
crueltie
in
those
prouinces
:
the
gouernment
of
which
belonged
(
as
he
saide
no
lesse
to
him
in
the
life
of
his
father
,
then
it
did
to
Philip
(
who
had
the
same
)
in
the
time
of
Charles
the
fift
.
This
complaint
though
it
seemed
iust
to
some
,
yet
others
,
chiefely
the
fathers
of
the
Inquisition
,
reproued
it
as
matter
to
be
suspected
,
and
sauoring
more
of
noueltie
then
appertained
to
one
of
his
yeares
:
by
which
slaunder
they
brought
him
into
common
hatred
,
specially
of
his
father
,
who
being
wholly
addicted
to
his
secreat
pleasures
,
easily
beleeued
any
thing
:
in
respect
whereof
,
and
that
hee
had
made
committies
for
hearing
all
matters
of
State
:
it
was
thought
meete
by
them
to
restraine
the
Prince
of
libertie
,
as
a
man
without
other
practise
,
knowing
the
greatnes
of
his
mind
,
to
shorten
his
time
,
although
he
died
not
without
suspition
of
poyson
.
The
Queene
of
Spaine
during
his
restraint
(
presuming
much
on
her
place
,
and
pitying
his
innocencie
and
tender
yeares
)
solicited
the
king
to
receiue
him
againe
into
fauour
:
but
the
mallice
of
the
Princes
aduersaries
preuailed
both
towards
him
and
the
Queene
,
whom
they
found
no
lesse
zealous
for
the
peace
of
Belgia
,
then
for
the
kings
honour
:
for
which
cause
they
ordered
that
both
their
hearses
were
within
one
moneth
,
which
I
sawe
at
Antwarpe
lamented
with
teares
,
and
at
Naples
solemnized
with
ioy
:
so
great
a
matter
it
was
for
the
prouinces
to
loose
good
Princes
,
and
for
the
Spaniards
to
be
ridde
of
them
,
by
whose
pietie
and
wise
prouidence
their
auarice
and
crueltie
had
beene
bridled
,
and
so
small
a
thing
it
is
in
Spaine
,
for
a
father
to
murther
his
son
,
and
a
husband
his
wife
:
the
one
being
after
the
French
phrase
Le
petit
fils
of
two
Emperors
and
the
sonne
of
a
king
:
the
other
the
daughter
of
a
king
,
the
sister
of
kings
,
and
wife
of
a
king
.
Some
may
obiect
that
these
reports
are
scandalous
,
and
belong
rather
to
the
Councell
of
Spaine
,
and
fathers
of
the
Inquisition
,
then
to
the
king
.
I
confesse
that
besides
publicke
fame
,
which
suffizeth
to
driue
the
accusant
to
his
purgation
;
I
can
oppose
but
these
grounds
.
First
,
that
he
who
propelleth
not
an
iniurie
if
he
may
,
is
no
lesse
faultie
then
he
that
offereth
the
wrong
:
secondly
that
those
subiectes
,
whose
Prince
regardeth
not
by
what
meane
his
sonne
and
wife
were
oppressed
,
are
not
to
hope
the
defence
of
his
ciuill
or
martiall
sword
.
Now
remaineth
their
confusion
of
things
ciuill
,
which
I
ascribe
not
only
to
the
subuersion
of
positiue
lawes
,
priuiledges
and
customes
;
but
to
the
ouerthrow
also
of
that
society
,
which
ought
to
be
betwene
men
of
one
nation
,
or
seueral
countreyes
,
for
maintaining
their
particular
quiet
.
That
they
haue
subuerted
the
ciuill
state
by
altering
of
ancient
ordinances
,
I
hope
they
will
not
denie
:
which
if
they
do
,
their
policie
in
Belgia
(
framed
by
Escou●do
secretarie
to
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
)
(
vz.
that
the
king
must
chastice
one
Prouince
by
an
other
to
be
made
absolute
in
all
)
being
compared
with
the
priuiledges
and
customes
of
those
Prouinces
,
graunted
in
the
Bull
of
gold
,
and
since
confirmed
by
their
Princes
,
will
conuince
them
of
great
impudencie
.
For
if
amongst
other
things
contained
in
that
Bull
,
the
Princes
of
Belgia
are
prohibited
to
amplifie
the
Ecclesiasticall
state
further
then
hath
bene
prescribed
,
or
to
leauie
any
mony
,
or
to
make
any
innouation
in
matter
of
state
without
consent
of
the
Nobilitie
and
people
:
or
to
place
forenners
in
the
ciuill
gouernment
,
vnlesse
in
some
small
offices
,
with
this
caution
,
that
if
they
fall
into
any
of
these
errours
,
their
subiects
(
making
due
protestation
)
are
absolued
from
their
obedience
:
what
is
it
to
enioyne
diuerse
townes
of
Brabant
to
receiue
Bishops
,
the
vnited
Prouinces
the
Spanish
Inquisition
,
&
Spanish
and
Italian
gouernours
?
and
to
impose
this
burthen
,
that
besides
the
yearely
tenth
of
mens
goods
,
nothing
is
bought
and
sold
to
the
vse
of
the
bodie
,
out
of
which
the
kings
officers
trie
not
a
part
of
siluer
?
What
other
thing
I
say
is
this
alcumie
,
then
the
rooting
vp
of
a
State
planted
by
the
hands
of
good
Princes
,
then
which
there
is
no
iniustice
more
capitall
?
To
antiquate
these
things
seemeth
no
other
,
then
the
cancelling
of
societie
,
but
they
are
distinct
,
and
but
in
part
like
:
some
obeying
no
ordinance
,
and
yet
hauing
mutuall
societie
;
which
groweth
by
a
secret
agreement
of
nature
making
them
conuersant
.
By
which
I
collect
the
confusion
of
societie
amongst
men
liuing
vnder
one
law
,
is
their
morositie
onely
.
This
vice
is
rife
amongst
them
,
and
wherein
the
Spaniard
hath
his
difference
from
all
men
,
aswell
for
offending
therein
their
owne
persons
,
as
priuate
persons
the
Soueraigne
,
and
the
Soueraigne
the
subiect
:
as
also
priuate
persons
one
another
:
in
all
which
they
haue
predominatiou
,
and
if
it
were
possible
exceede
them selues
.
For
sinning
against
their
owne
persons
behold
a
rare
example
.
Don
Piero
of
Castill
the
sonne
of
Alphonso
the
xi
.
leading
the
vantgard
of
a
battail
against
the
Mores
of
Granado
,
and
being
aduertised
that
his
vnkle
Don
Iohn
,
who
was
in
the
arergard
,
was
like
to
be
distressed
by
a
sudden
eruption
of
Mores
:
and
finding
him selfe
vnable
to
relieue
Don
Iohn
was
certified
,
he
died
also
.
A
matter
saith
the
author
,
not
before
heard
,
that
a
man
should
die
of
displeasure
:
yet
presidents
no
lesse
rare
in
their
sort
do
folow
:
but
first
of
offences
against
the
Soueraigne
.
A
Spaniard
beholding
Ferdinando
(
grandfather
to
Charles
the
fift
)
in
procession
at
Barcelona
,
that
day
they
name
Corpus
Christi
feast
,
strake
him
so
furiously
with
a
dagger
on
the
necke
,
that
he
had
slaine
him
if
the
greatnesse
of
his
chaine
had
not
put
by
the
thrust
:
and
that
for
no
other
cause
,
as
he
confessed
being
taken
,
but
that
the
king
stood
not
in
his
good
grace
,
and
that
he
liked
not
his
countenance
:
an
opinion
no
lesse
daintie
then
that
of
the
Romane
Senate
:
for
as
they
esteemed
not
on
a
God
,
who
Spaine
.
But
nowe
to
their
confounding
of
societie
with
the
subiect
:
for
the
sequell
,
of
singular
president
for
all
princes
.
Ferdinando
the
fourth
of
Castill
,
for
displeasure
onely
against
two
knights
of
good
name
,
made
their
processe
of
execution
;
and
though
supplications
were
offered
with
teares
for
pacifying
that
rigor
,
yet
contrarie
to
the
lyons
nature
(
who
spareth
the
humble
)
he
proceeded
with
all
seueritie
:
in
respect
whereof
the
two
knights
appealed
to
the
great
iudge
,
before
whom
they
summoned
the
king
to
be
in
person
within
twentie
dayes
;
the
last
of
which
,
Ferdinando
appeared
.
Time
may
rather
want
then
iust
matter
to
blase
their
vices
,
which
are
not
common
,
but
rare
and
in
the
highest
degree
of
beastlinesse
:
leauing
therefore
their
murthering
the
Nobilitie
of
the
sacred
order
of
Burgundi
,
their
cutting
out
,
and
searing
with
hot
irons
the
tongues
of
honest
Citizens
,
their
drawing
the
mouthes
of
some
a
sunder
with
other
instrumentes
,
their
wilfull
murthering
a
father
at
Traiect
beyond
the
Mose
,
for
lodging
his
sonne
one
night
;
their
banishing
chast
matrons
,
for
receauing
their
husbands
,
an
act
condemned
by
no
good
law
,
for
the
inseperable
bonds
of
their
loue
:
their
furious
beastlinesse
at
Turnace
vpon
the
citizens
and
a
widow
named
Potier
whom
they
slue
with
her
daughter
and
neece
;
and
their
massacring
with
bullets
the
vnarmed
people
at
Ipre
beholding
a
godly
minister
put
to
death
:
I
will
touch
onely
their
barbarous
inhumanitie
towards
the
naked
Indians
,
a
people
very
tractable
,
if
they
had
found
good
maisters
,
and
such
as
had
skill
of
honestie
.
Setting
the
acts
of
Moses
and
Iosua
a
part
,
I
think
there
is
no
president
that
the
godly
haue
rooted
out
the
natural
inhabitants
of
any
countrey
:
but
that
the
wicked
haue
chastized
sinners
,
many
passages
,
both
of
diuine
and
prophane
writings
haue
testified
.
It
is
then
apparant
that
the
Spaniards
as
idolaters
were
suffered
to
chastice
idolaters
,
and
not
to
enlarge
the
faith
:
for
had
their
intention
bene
to
haue
learned
those
simple
soules
the
true
knowledge
of
God
,
(
as
they
made
shewe
at
the
first
by
erecting
in
some
regions
diuerse
Bishoprickes
and
schooles
)
they
would
either
haue
continued
that
order
,
or
haue
bin
conuersant
with
them
in
all
mildnesse
and
humanitie
:
pietie
being
no
way
better
taught
then
by
demonstration
:
but
as
they
could
seeme
no
others
then
they
were
:
no
more
could
the
Indians
gather
grapes
of
thornes
:
in
respect
whereof
though
at
the
first
this
naked
people
might
haue
bene
moulded
into
anie
forme
,
yet
after
they
had
tasted
the
Spanish
Creados
,
they
abandoned
their
companie
,
with
all
rites
and
ceremonies
of
the
Romish
religion
,
which
manie
of
them
had
reuerently
before
receiued
:
neither
was
there
anie
death
so
fearefull
,
whether
by
poyson
,
famine
,
or
other
meane
before
mentioned
,
that
in
respect
of
the
cruelty
of
those
Don
Diegos
,
they
would
not
haue
willingly
embraced
as
their
sure
port
of
rest
&
end
of
their
euils
.
In
describing
the
miserable
state
of
these
wretched
people
,
Metellus
saith
,
that
to
a
very
ill
president
,
manie
of
the
Spanish
souldiers
punished
their
seruants
most
greuously
;
if
either
they
brought
not
home
their
day
hier
,
or
finished
not
their
taske
in
the
gould
and
siluer
mines
,
or
had
committed
smaler
faults
yealding
them
(
their
hands
and
feet
being
bound
to
a
crosse
pale
)
in
steed
of
their
supper
,
many
stripes
with
corde
,
or
the
sinnewes
of
a
Buphal
;
dropping
on
them
either
boyling
pitch
or
oile
:
and
after
washing
them
with
salt
water
they
would
lay
them
so
long
vpon
a
table
,
as
they
imagined
those
wretches
might
beare
the
paine
:
after
this
kind
of
cookerie
,
if
a
more
cruell
maister
hapened
to
some
of
them
,
they
were
buried
all
night
in
earth
to
the
necke
,
as
a
present
remedie
for
their
stripes
.
If
any
of
them
died
in
this
newe
diet
(
as
it
chaunced
very
often
)
the
maister
accompting
to
the
King
the
heds
of
his
slaine
seruants
was
quited
of
the
paine
of
manslaughter
.
This
crueltie
some
excuse
saith
Metellus
by
the
law
of
Baion
:
But
it
appereth
vpon
iust
cause
wicked
to
all
men
,
as
being
void
of
all
piety
.
Touching
this
barbarous
crueltie
he
bringeth
in
also
one
Alquinotec
baptized
Cacicnis
of
the
prouince
of
Iucatana
,
complaining
to
Monteius
generall
of
that
prouince
in
these
or
the
like
wordes
.
Our
nation
,
Monteius
,
whilst
I
was
a
boy
,
was
grieuously
afflicted
with
a
disease
causing
them
to
vomit
wormes
,
whereof
the
greatest
part
died
:
after
which
(
falling
by
degrees
from
on
euill
to
another
)
we
had
wars
with
them
of
Mexico
;
wherin
we
lost
mo
then
an
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
;
all
which
,
in
respect
of
the
slaughter
&
crueltie
that
we
receaue
of
thee
,
Monteius
,
&
of
thy
souldiers
,
we
esteeme
nothing
.
Metellus
further
affirmeth
,
that
the
Spaniards
hauing
wasted
many
prouinces
with
their
crueltie
;
and
transporting
by
sea
(
from
other
places
better
peopled
)
sundry
of
those
miserable
&
wretched
Indians
)
murthered
many
by
pestering
them
in
the
bottomes
of
their
ships
:
some
by
famine
,
&
some
by
their
daily
stripes
,
so
that
few
or
not
one
of
them
landed
,
that
were
imbarked
.
Hee
moreouer
specially
noteth
for
the
rest
,
one
Piero
Calis
,
who
(
in
driuing
whole
droues
of
that
naked
people
)
slue
all
that
were
not
able
to
trauell
,
without
regard
of
age
,
sexe
,
or
their
vse
of
labour
,
which
in
respect
of
a
continuall
ease
,
was
most
hard
and
intollerable
to
them
.
He
lastly
concludeth
with
Macchiauel
(
who
maintaineth
that
where
the
Pope
and
Cardinals
set
footing
,
they
leaue
most
fearefull
printes
of
confusion
)
that
in
what
place
the
Spaniards
display
their
ensignes
,
nothing
is
to
be
looked
for
but
crueltie
and
slaughter
,
and
all
miserie
:
The
prouince
of
Cumanus
,
of
700000.
hauing
scarce
any
remaining
:
Hispaniola
of
2000000.
hauing
left
but
200.
or
150.
and
Hondurensis
of
400000.
but
8000.
besides
the
slaughters
of
Cuba
,
Iamica
,
and
Portus
diuitis
.
Thus
farre
Metellus
,
by
which
I
collect
,
in
respect
of
a
Sympathia
betweene
the
creatures
of
seuerall
kinds
,
that
the
Spaniards
are
no
lesse
daungerous
,
in
regarde
of
their
crueltie
,
then
the
Basilisc
,
both
hauing
a
desolate
and
wast
Empire
:
as
also
that
those
Indians
hauing
behelde
moe
miseries
then
all
the
Nations
of
the
earth
,
haue
beene
reserued
for
the
handes
of
this
cruell
and
proude
Nation
,
whose
condemnation
may
appeare
iust
,
and
most
great
.
I
also
note
the
sagacitie
of
this
politike
and
wise
people
,
that
if
they
establish
any
law
tending
to
reformation
,
they
conuert
it
for
the
most
part
to
their
priuate
commoditie
:
for
as
they
dealt
by
the
Inquisition
,
specially
prouided
for
the
Moores
and
Iewes
of
Spaine
,
so
haue
they
done
by
the
Law
of
Baion
made
by
Ferdinando
and
Isabella
for
the
Canibals
onely
:
not
one
in
these
dayes
feeling
the
smart
of
either
,
hath
not
more
pietie
,
or
is
not
more
simple
then
others
.
Omitting
for
that
I
would
draw
to
an
end
,
their
cruelties
Mantua
,
of
great
credite
:
His
other
additions
I
passe
with
silence
,
least
he
yet
liue
,
and
may
thereby
be
in
daunger
of
the
bugges
of
Millan
his
neighbors
.
The
manner
thereof
was
,
as
he
said
,
in
this
sort
.
One
of
these
monsters
meeting
his
enimie
vnarmed
,
threatned
to
kill
him
if
he
denied
not
God
,
his
power
,
and
essentiall
properties
,
vz.
his
mercy
,
sufferance
,
&c.
the
which
when
the
other
desiring
life
,
pronounced
with
great
horror
,
kneeling
vpon
his
knees
:
the
Brano
cried
out
,
nowe
will
I
kill
thy
bodie
and
soule
,
and
at
that
instant
thrust
him
through
with
his
Rapier
.
The
last
part
of
confusion
is
left
to
their
confounding
the
societie
of
Nations
,
belonging
also
to
ciuill
societie
,
maintained
by
Ambassadors
,
entercourse
of
trafficke
,
iustice
ministred
strangers
,
open
denouncing
of
warre
,
and
mercie
to
the
vanquished
.
As
for
the
first
,
though
it
hath
beene
in
vse
to
beare
with
whatsoeuer
an
Ambassador
(
not
exceeding
his
commission
,
)
or
an
Herault
(
wearing
the
Cote-armor
of
his
Prince
)
deliuered
,
(
as
the
French
king
,
Charles
the
sixt
,
suffered
a
proud
defiance
from
the
Duke
of
Geldres
)
yet
haue
the
Spaniards
(
as
men
tied
to
no
rule
)
not
onely
murthered
Ambassadors
passing
their
countrie
(
as
Alphonso
Lumbardy
,
slue
Caesar
Fregoso
,
and
Antony
Rinson
,
sent
from
France
towards
Constantinople
)
but
also
haue
killed
some
sent
to
themselues
:
Aragon
,
who
vsurped
Naples
,
murthered
one
Segnior
Iacobo
the
Ambassador
of
Francis
Duke
of
Millan
,
and
imprisoned
others
,
as
the
king
of
Aragon
did
the
Archbishop
of
Buxdeaux
,
sent
from
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
before
named
.
Neither
haue
they
beene
lesse
iniurious
to
our
marchants
:
they
hauing
arrested
some
,
burnt
others
,
and
stayed
the
goods
of
many
without
restitution
:
vpon
this
pretence
,
they
had
in
their
ships
or
chambers
,
the
Psalmes
of
Dauid
,
or
some
treatise
of
Scripture
in
the
vulgar
:
the
same
being
either
the
Erle
of
Surries
sonets
,
or
some
other
like
matter
:
but
neither
were
our
countrie
men
so
happie
to
bee
afflicted
for
righteousnesse
,
or
the
Spaniards
so
iust
in
censuring
their
lightnesse
,
which
should
haue
bin
reformed
at
home
:
for
if
the
reading
a
Sonet
,
or
the
bookes
of
Amadis
du
Gaul
,
which
they
haue
incresed
to
a
great
volume
b●e
death
,
which
of
them
are
free
from
iudgement
?
their
chiefest
Lectures
consisting
(
vnlesse
in
the
superstitious
iudicials
of
Astronomie
)
in
such
light
and
vaine
matter
:
sed
hinc
ille
lacrymae
,
that
they
are
of
all
men
most
contemptible
,
if
they
loose
the
counterfait
of
holinesse
.
To
seeme
good
and
be
so
,
is
hard
:
but
to
be
euill
and
seeme
good
is
easie
,
and
the
onely
thing
that
hath
made
them
great
.
To
seize
therefore
on
the
foxes
case
,
it
was
requisite
to
name
him
a
horned
beast
entring
the
lyons
denne
:
which
rule
maketh
much
for
their
oppression
of
all
nations
by
stealth
.
Neither
is
this
name
Lutheran
vnprofitable
for
them
,
they
meaning
to
ouerthrow
thereby
this
position
:
Contra
hostes
non
est
nisi
legitimè
dimicandum
,
(
which
partly
is
by
deuouring
warre
to
them
whom
they
inuade
)
and
to
draw
vs
either
as
heretickes
,
or
traitors
to
their
persons
,
into
a
degree
higher
then
those
that
are
tearmed
hostes
.
But
how
that
may
be
I
see
not
,
the
one
being
in
question
,
and
the
other
vntrue
:
vnlesse
the
regard
of
neighborhood
But
grant
we
were
worthily
excluded
the
priuiledges
of
armes
,
for
not
being
of
that
church
(
we
thanke
God
)
they
are
of
.
What
moued
them
to
pretend
an
indefesible
peace
(
by
meane
of
no
lesse
State
than
Philip
the
Archduke
of
Austria
)
with
Lewis
the
twelfth
,
named
for
his
piety
buenos
Catholicos
,
they
surprising
at
that
time
the
kingdome
of
Naples
?
surely
no
other
thing
then
which
caused
the
Duke
of
Parma
to
entertaine
her
Maiesties
Ambassadors
with
a
long
parle
,
till
their
great
Armado
was
vpon
our
coast
.
These
things
are
inexcusable
,
and
therefore
I
am
of
this
minde
,
that
if
they
had
that
bell
named
Martinella
,
Their
want
of
compassion
towards
the
vanquished
,
is
of
one
scantling
with
their
iniustice
to
straungers
,
to
whom
the
lawe
of
Nations
hath
alwayes
had
speciall
regard
.
The
lawes
permit
to
take
armes
against
enimies
,
but
to
spoile
them
who
haue
submitted
their
liues
to
vs
,
is
ignoble
,
and
farre
from
the
generositie
of
our
elders
.
Some
obiect
for
their
cruelty
,
the
slaughter
of
the
French
prisoners
at
Iuberoth
,
wherein
(
I
shew
my
opinion
)
they
had
double
wrong
:
first
for
that
they
were
Portingals
that
did
that
deede
,
a
Nation
for
this
eight
hundred
yeares
distinct
from
Spaine
:
Secondly
,
if
they
had
bin
Spaniards
,
they
had
bin
without
blame
,
hauing
to
do
with
a
new
enimie
that
was
fresh
and
thrise
their
number
.
I
therefore
omit
this
,
and
Francis
the
French
king
complaining
in
Guicciardin
of
his
entertainement
in
Spaine
:
and
wil
for
their
acts
done
,
put
the
reader
in
mind
of
their
gratious
behauiour
(
before
recited
)
towards
the
simple
Indians
:
and
for
their
purpose
to
doe
,
shewe
him
the
intention
of
the
Marquise
of
Guasto
.
It
is
in
controuersie
whether
a
Christian
taking
a
Christian
in
battell
may
giue
his
armes
:
so
is
it
determined
,
hee
may
not
simply
detaine
his
prisoner
paying
his
ransome
;
much
lesse
oppresse
him
being
yeelded
:
the
Marquise
notwistanding
these
rules
,
encountering
Francis
of
Bourbon
,
Earle
of
Anguien
at
Sirrizolles
,
entended
Thus
much
of
their
confounding
things
diuine
,
naturall
,
ciuill
,
and
forren
;
the
same
appertaining
to
one
of
the
significations
of
Tubal
:
now
remaineth
to
say
somewhat
of
the
other
and
last
signification
,
which
is
Ignomy
;
This
may
be
named
a
reproch
or
blot
belonging
to
the
foulenesse
of
any
act
before
done
:
a
description
not
disagreing
with
the
French
prouerbe
,
Orguiell
cheuauche
deuant
,
&
honte
vene
apres
.
That
Ignomy
followeth
our
vices
as
shadowes
our
bodies
,
though
it
needeth
no
proofe
,
experience
teaching
no
lesse
,
yet
not
to
leaue
men
to
coniectures
,
behold
a
position
made
by
Philip
de
Comines
Lord
of
Argentai
,
whose
singular
honestie
and
valure
sufficed
to
giue
his
sentences
the
authoritie
of
maximes
.
Whosoeuer
is
a
tyrant
(
saith
he
)
is
also
a
coward
:
for
an
instance
of
which
,
after
he
had
cited
sundrie
cruelties
of
Alphonso
the
father
,
and
Ferdinando
the
sonne
(
kings
Aragon
,
and
vsurpers
of
Naples
,
)
he
sheweth
that
vpon
the
approach
of
the
French
king
Charles
the
eight
to
Naples
:
they
both
departed
the
realme
in
such
haste
that
manie
of
their
souldiers
lept
out
of
the
windowes
hauing
not
seene
the
enimy
:
Alphonso
beleeuing
that
all
thinges
tooke
part
against
him
in
fauour
of
the
French
king
:
and
that
the
moouing
of
the
leaues
of
trees
,
sounded
in
the
behalfe
of
Charles
(
as
a
watchword
of
partie
)
France
,
France
.
Ferdinando
his
sonne
(
after
Charles
had
taken
his
pleasure
in
the
kingdome
,
and
was
departed
towards
France
,
leauing
for
his
viceroy
the
Duke
Monpensier
)
returned
,
and
hauing
alied
himselfe
with
the
Venetians
and
the
Marquise
of
Mantua
(
who
could
not
digest
the
greatnes
and
neighborhood
of
the
French
nation
)
he
fell
to
ill
arts
,
for
recouerie
of
that
kingdome
he
lost
by
cowardice
.
This
disgrace
he
recompenced
with
a
greater
,
tending
to
his
perpetuall
infamie
.
For
after
the
French
had
cleared
all
parts
from
apparant
hostilitie
,
they
were
notwithstanding
conquered
by
diseases
,
gotten
by
eating
the
flesh
of
dead
men
,
which
Ferdinando
had
procured
to
be
sold
them
for
Tunny
:
the
vse
of
which
,
corrupting
the
liuer
by
extreame
moisture
,
and
matter
of
too
neere
qualitie
;
brought
forth
most
foule
vlcers
,
with
other
paines
,
of
which
many
miserably
died
:
leauing
for
Trophees
of
their
victories
,
their
countrie
name
to
the
disease
.
This
is
fearefully
described
by
Guicciardin
,
(
in
respect
Giouanni
Fioreuanti
a
Philosopher
of
that
time
;
who
beholding
the
deformitie
of
that
sicknesse
,
and
hearing
of
their
new
diet
,
indeuoured
to
finde
the
reason
by
the
effects
.
He
kept
(
for
that
he
would
not
be
deceiued
in
the
diuersitie
of
kinds
)
a
tame
Pie
and
a
Dog
so
long
without
meate
,
that
the
one
refused
not
to
eate
the
flesh
of
another
Pie
;
and
the
Dogge
to
feed
of
an
other
Dog
:
by
meane
whereof
the
Pie
within
few
dayes
lost
her
fethers
,
and
the
Dog
his
haire
,
both
hauing
most
filthy
soares
breaking
forth
in
sundrie
parts
of
their
bodies
.
The
want
of
victuall
being
accessarie
to
this
calamitie
,
draue
the
French
to
accept
no
lesse
dishonorable
conditions
for
their
departure
,
than
their
disease
was
horrible
;
the
most
part
of
them
dying
in
their
returne
.
Some
reply
,
that
if
that
contagion
were
as
Fioreuanti
coniectured
,
the
Canibals
would
haue
the
like
:
which
obiection
proueth
no
lesse
then
is
affirmed
,
no
people
being
more
subiect
thereto
then
they
that
are
within
that
tract
:
in
which
(
as
in
the
scorpion
there
is
his
sting
to
kill
,
and
his
oyle
to
cure
)
is
found
the
wood
Guaicum
,
a
most
present
remedie
for
that
disease
.
This
practise
hath
deepely
touched
the
renowne
of
As
for
that
which
is
named
Magia
infamis
,
or
what
else
may
be
concluded
by
impr●cation
,
or
incantation
;
or
any
other
thing
meeting
with
the
shrewdnesse
of
our
nature
,
it
is
not
to
be
esteemed
:
but
this
onely
is
to
be
feared
,
which
being
receiued
for
food
entereth
the
vaines
and
entrals
,
either
inflaming
vnlawful
lust
,
or
abating
the
power
of
generation
,
to
cut
off
discents
,
or
presently
killing
,
or
breeding
diseases
worse
then
death
;
and
more
to
be
regarded
at
this
instant
,
in
which
they
striue
who
shal
be
,
and
not
who
shall
raigne
,
then
in
that
age
,
in
which
neither
their
malice
or
power
had
taken
so
deepe
roote
as
at
this
time
.
To
returne
from
whence
I
digressed
:
the
Archbishop
of
Treues
,
withstanding
the
election
of
the
emperor
Charls
the
fift
(
whose
greatnesse
was
extolled
by
Maience
,
in
respect
of
his
new
kingdome
of
Spaine
)
affirmed
that
the
Spaniards
seldome
aford
them selues
in
field
without
the
aide
of
straungers
:
a
report
very
sclaunderous
to
chiualry
,
for
which
(
though
they
be
often
well
backt
as
they
were
at
Naueret
by
the
Lords
of
France
)
they
deserue
no
souldiers
crowne
or
garland
.
This
cowardise
at
Nauaret
,
where
they
had
60000.
of
their
owne
people
,
was
after
obiected
against
them
by
Monsieur
du
Lignac
in
a
consultation
of
warre
amongst
the
French
men
that
serued
king
Iohn
of
Castill
(
sonne
to
Henry
the
bastard
)
against
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
.
It
hath
bin
also
remembred
by
Frossard
,
against
whom
&
Monsieur
du
Lignac
,
they
can
take
no
exception
.
He
first
citeth
the
wordes
of
one
Hartesel
an
English
man
at
Iuberothe
to
the
king
of
Portingall
,
whom
he
told
that
the
Spaniards
were
flying
calues
without
wings
,
bearing
banners
wauing
with
the
winde
:
&
lastly
sheweth
his
owne
opinion
of
them
as
followeth
.
At
the
first
incounter
,
saith
Frossard
,
they
are
fierce
,
(
&
if
they
haue
aduantage
)
high
minded
:
they
fight
well
on
horseback
;
but
as
soone
as
they
haue
cast
two
or
three
dartes
,
and
giuen
a
stroke
with
the
sworde
,
and
see
that
their
enemies
be
not
discomfited
,
they
turne
their
horses
and
fly
.
This
far
Frossard
,
woh
in
other
places
doth
altogether
discommend
their
footmen
,
as
such
that
are
vtterly
vnprofitable
for
battell
.
The
like
report
in
a
maner
Florus
maketh
,
sauing
that
he
speaketh
somewhat
more
reuerently
of
the
Numantines
,
Portingals
&
Celtiberians
,
from
whom
Marcus
Porcius
Cato
,
and
Tiberius
Sempronius
Gracchus
,
conquered
seuen
hundred
of
their
walled
townes
in
fewe
yeares
,
as
Plutarche
,
Strabo
and
Polybius
witnesse
.
The
great
antiquarie
and
historian
Antonio
di
Gueuarra
,
in
his
epistle
to
Don
Alphonso
of
Fonseca
,
bishop
of
Burgos
,
affirmeth
that
the
Mores
in
eight
moneths
conquered
Spaine
to
the
rocke
Horadada
,
and
that
the
Spaniards
were
eight
hundred
years
before
they
recouered
that
losse
:
during
which
time
,
we
must
not
thinke
that
the
Negros
sent
for
women
out
of
Aphrick
,
or
that
the
Spaniards
were
in
those
dayes
very
martiall
.
By
comparing
these
numbers
,
I
find
them
no
lesse
vnable
to
defend
,
then
to
recouer
a
thing
lost
;
so
there
be
an
election
of
seasons
,
and
a
prouision
of
other
necessaries
:
which
is
to
be
regarded
by
our
nation
,
as
well
for
that
we
being
brought
vp
in
a
more
temperat
and
colder
clime
then
Spaine
,
haue
our
naturall
moisture
easilie
exhausted
by
the
heat
of
that
country
opening
our
poets
in
the
sommer
:
by
which
that
quicke
and
subtill
ayre
named
Serena
entreth
the
vitall
parts
,
and
sleyeth
the
bodie
:
as
also
for
that
we
being
not
accustomed
to
their
strong
wines
,
and
hauing
no
other
waters
to
mingle
with
them
,
then
snow
broth
descending
in
the
spring
from
the
hilles
into
the
riuers
,
fall
into
pestilent
feauers
,
fluxes
,
and
inflammations
of
all
the
inward
parts
:
as
moreouer
,
for
that
after
May
(
about
which
time
they
haue
their
haruest
)
nothing
remaineth
out
of
their
townes
(
vnlesse
some
fruites
)
to
sustaine
either
man
,
or
horse
,
their
fields
being
extremely
parcht
with
the
Sunne
till
the
returne
of
the
Equinoctial
.
Who
therefore
mindeth
to
inuade
Spaine
,
hauing
no
acquaintance
with
that
ayre
;
it
behoueth
him
to
take
the
field
in
March
,
or
at
the
least
in
Aprill
:
so
councelled
Iohn
the
king
of
Portingale
his
father
in
law
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
who
hauing
in
few
weekes
conquered
Galitia
,
after
contended
only
with
the
aire
&
scarsitie
of
the
fields
;
the
Spaniards
hauing
brought
their
corne
,
hay
,
and
other
prouisions
into
their
walled
townes
;
by
meane
whereof
he
lost
twelue
Barons
,
foure
score
knights
,
and
two
hundred
Esquires
,
besides
the
common
souldiers
,
and
horse
of
seruice
.
Yet
are
not
these
discommodities
of
aire
or
countrie
,
or
losse
of
so
many
great
personnages
and
resolute
men
,
to
deterre
vs
hereafter
,
we
being
not
to
measure
at
any
time
our
attempts
by
the
euents
,
but
by
what
reason
they
were
enterprized
;
which
,
being
of
late
to
diuert
a
capitall
and
stubburne
enemie
,
are
(
necessitie
commanding
)
oportunely
to
be
renued
:
nothing
being
impossible
to
a
prudent
deliberation
,
accompanied
with
true
fortitude
.
Say
then
,
noble
countrimen
,
with
resolute
Cato
speaking
to
his
souldiers
in
the
deserts
of
Libya
,
These
are
my
mates
in
armes
,
whom
dangers
onely
leade
.
Plutus
,
Spain
not
onely
abounding
with
fruitfull
fields
and
rich
mines
,
but
with
such
men
as
haue
bene
parentes
of
all
good
customes
.
It
suffiseth
;
but
let
this
be
tried
by
Lazarillo
di
Tormes
,
he
being
lesse
partiall
then
Hieronimo
Ruscello
,
Rodirigo
di
Toledo
,
or
Taraphe
,
and
by
the
trauellers
in
Spaine
,
who
find
nothing
in
their
hosteries
but
a
mat
to
lye
vpon
,
and
a
candle
to
bring
them
to
bed
.
It
is
no
good
consequent
,
there
be
birds
,
because
there
is
a
nest
:
or
he
is
a
gentleman
,
for
that
he
neuer
leaueth
riding
But
graunt
the
South
of
Spaine
may
be
compared
with
the
fruitfull
parts
of
Italie
,
and
that
some
of
them
were
of
like
seede
as
Pallas
:
yet
it
maketh
no
more
for
the
fertilitie
of
the
rest
,
and
good
breeding
of
that
people
,
then
the
teeth
of
an
Aethiopian
for
the
whitenesse
of
his
bodie
.
Neither
doth
the
varietie
of
their
mines
proue
the
fatnesse
of
the
soyle
,
but
the
contrarie
:
for
all
mettals
being
ingendred
by
influence
of
the
Planets
(
of
which
they
haue
their
properties
)
and
apt
temperature
of
the
earth
inclined
to
the
disposition
of
those
Planets
,
of
which
she
is
impressed
,
do
shew
the
nature
of
their
cause
by
their
effects
,
which
being
in
the
third
and
fourth
degree
of
drought
,
prooueth
their
ground
more
barren
(
vnlesse
in
some
part
)
then
any
region
about
them
.
Moreouer
their
mines
(
which
by
men
skilfull
in
minerals
)
are
likened
to
trees
hauing
rootes
,
trunkes
,
boughes
,
branches
,
blossomes
,
or
floures
)
they
haue
bene
wasted
by
sundry
nations
in
all
ages
:
as
the
mines
of
seacole
and
kannel
,
which
haue
their
bounds
,
&
are
subiect
to
an
end
.
First
the
Phoenecians
had
(
for
things
of
small
price
)
great
store
of
their
mettall
,
by
the
helpe
whereof
,
they
erected
diuerse
colonies
in
Sicilia
,
Sardinia
,
Libya
,
and
Spaine
it selfe
.
Secondly
the
Carthagenians
did
trafficke
their
brasse
Tyrians
,
&
inlarged
thereby
,
&
their
commodities
in
other
mettall
,
their
Empire
against
the
Libyans
,
Sicilians
,
and
Romaines
.
Lastly
the
Romaines
mined
many
furlongs
with
great
Spaine
,
an
argument
of
scarsitie
in
their
time
,
and
that
the
birds
were
then
flowen
:
which
is
now
a
cause
also
the
king
of
Spaine
preuaileth
little
for
the
lower
countries
:
treasure
,
as
some
hold
,
being
the
sinewes
of
warre
.
As
for
this
opinion
that
other
nations
should
take
light
Antonio
di
Gueuarra
affirming
that
to
giue
perfection
to
the
Spaniards
it
behoueth
to
draw
him
that
is
bred
in
the
mountaines
,
to
be
trained
in
Castill
:
which
I
gesse
is
for
no
other
cause
then
that
the
Montanese
is
by
nature
rough
,
and
the
Castillian
efeminat
:
but
what
state
this
man
will
beare
,
let
them
report
who
haue
either
seene
beggers
set
on
horsebacke
;
or
haue
beheld
a
mans
head
placed
on
a
horses
necke
,
&c.
This
my self
can
say
,
that
I
haue
knowen
fifteene
hundred
Biscaies
(
which
people
Florus
nameth
the
chiualrie
of
Spaine
)
at
their
first
landing
in
Antwarpe
to
be
men
contemptible
of
person
,
filthy
in
apparell
,
and
rude
in
behauiour
;
and
within
one
moneth
after
they
had
tasted
the
pay
of
that
towne
,
and
relished
the
cates
of
that
contrey
,
to
be
terrible
of
countenance
,
magnificall
in
gesture
,
and
seeming
of
so
hautie
conceit
;
as
though
all
things
were
vile
which
they
esteemed
not
:
and
therefore
dare
auowe
that
who
so
was
entertained
with
their
customes
,
prospered
as
a
tree
embrased
with
iuie
.
This
barbarous
naturall
of
the
Spaniard
,
was
better
knowen
to
Hanibal
,
then
to
men
of
our
time
;
for
he
after
Cilla
,
hauing
some
Spanish
horsemen
remaining
;
and
fearing
in
respect
of
their
vertuous
training
,
their
readines
to
chaffer
the
state
of
their
friends
,
fled
with
on
horseman
in
two
dayes
&
two
nights
to
Adrumetum
distant
from
the
battail
three
thousand
furlongs
,
which
commeth
to
three
hundred
seuentie
fiue
of
our
miles
:
an
argument
he
loued
and
trusted
them
well
from
whom
he
fled
in
such
hast
.
It
is
a
ground
that
a
compound
is
lesse
perfit
,
&
more
daungerous
for
nature
then
a
simple
,
if
therefore
those
Spaniards
which
descended
only
of
Tubal
,
haue
,
in
respect
of
their
parent
or
soile
,
but
the
image
of
perfect
men
:
what
shall
we
thinke
of
the
Spaniards
of
these
dayes
,
which
are
confected
of
the
pilferers
of
the
wold
?
truely
that
there
is
no
vice
in
which
they
haue
not
a
surplussage
aboue
anie
other
nation
of
the
earth
:
I
meane
the
South
of
Spain
(
now
containing
Catalonia
,
Aragona
,
Castilia
nueua
,
Valenza
,
Granado
and
Andaluzia
)
to
which
only
the
Romans
before
Polybius
time
gaue
the
name
of
Spaine
.
As
for
Galitia
and
Portingale
,
the
one
taking
name
of
those
French
men
that
in
the
time
of
Charles
the
great
entred
Spaine
against
the
Mores
,
&
the
other
of
those
French
and
Normans
that
in
the
yeare
700.
past
against
the
Sarasins
;
as
also
the
Biscais
descended
of
those
Gauls
which
were
called
Celtae
,
and
of
those
Spaniards
named
Iberi
,
as
Diodorus
in
his
sixt
booke
of
antiquities
,
and
Lucan
in
his
fourth
hooke
make
mention
:
I
number
them
a
part
,
as
being
ech
way
more
honorable
then
the
rest
.
But
to
returne
to
the
South
of
Spaine
,
(
the
rest
not
being
knowen
to
the
learned
antiquitie
)
the
Goths
and
Alani
(
being
of
those
Scythians
that
dwelt
neere
the
riuer
Danubius
,
who
in
the
time
of
Honorius
came
vnder
the
leading
of
Gensericus
into
Spaine
)
inhabited
that
part
,
which
is
now
called
Catalonia
,
a
word
compounded
of
both
their
Gottalania
.
Of
these
Scythes
who
haue
their
name
as
vacantes
scyphis
are
descended
those
that
inhabit
Castilia
nueua
,
and
Arragon
named
at
the
first
Terracona
.
Next
to
these
is
the
prouince
of
Valenza
,
so
called
by
the
Mores
,
who
about
nine
hundred
yeares
past
tooke
footing
in
that
kingdome
,
and
since
ouerflowed
Spaine
.
About
eight
hundred
years
past
another
company
of
Mores
possessed
that
part
which
they
named
Granado
of
a
citie
they
built
.
The
next
are
the
Vandals
,
a
people
of
the
North
,
calling
that
part
,
after
their
name
Vandaluzia
,
which
by
loosing
the
first
letter
and
corruption
of
speach
is
called
Andaluzia
,
as
Arrogona
hath
T
,
being
before
Terracona
.
But
here
I
must
not
forget
a
report
of
their
own
touching
the
etimologie
of
Andaluzia
:
which
is
,
that
the
Mores
landing
in
Spaine
,
demanded
a
pesant
driuing
an
asse
,
the
name
of
that
prouince
:
but
he
vnderstanding
them
not
,
spake
to
his
asse
,
Anda
luzia
,
which
is
,
go
luzia
:
according
to
which
the
Mores
named
that
country
:
but
to
returne
.
Of
these
is
a
like
quintessence
drawne
as
Alexander
drank
out
of
the
hoofe
of
an
horse
:
for
what
vicesoeuer
hath
bin
peculiar
to
any
of
them
(
besides
those
they
had
in
common
)
is
now
proper
to
them
all
.
As
I
sayd
before
that
a
simple
is
more
perfect
then
a
compound
:
so
affirme
I
,
that
those
beasts
which
are
engendred
of
sundrie
kinds
,
are
most
cruell
.
If
a
lion
match
with
a
Parde
,
there
remaineth
in
the
issue
some
generositie
of
the
parent
:
but
if
the
Leopard
couple
him self
with
a
Tiger
,
nothing
is
to
be
looked
for
in
their
broode
,
but
a
barbarous
fiercenesse
.
The
naturall
Spaniard
,
being
as
a
simple
,
is
of
a
confuse
and
beastly
conceipt
,
of
diet
miserable
and
furious
,
nourished
to
increase
those
humours
in
scarsitie
:
but
mixed
with
the
Gothes
and
Vandals
,
giuen
to
the
euery
and
drunkennes
:
mingled
with
the
Mores
cruell
and
full
of
trecherie
:
and
consequently
,
tasting
of
euerie
one
,
a
spring
of
all
filthinesse
.
The
Italian
hath
this
prouerbe
,
that
a
thing
begun
is
halfe
ended
:
and
experience
teacheth
,
that
after
the
sunne
hath
climed
the
Meridian
,
he
declineth
.
All
things
haue
their
infancie
,
riper
yeares
,
decrepitage
,
and
are
subiect
to
alteration
;
yet
passe
not
with
like
celeritie
to
their
period
.
The
Spaniards
began
to
be
of
some
reputation
but
in
the
time
of
Ferdinando
and
Isabella
,
(
who
vnited
Aragon
and
Castilia
)
before
which
they
were
either
subiect
to
the
Carthaginians
,
Romans
or
some
other
nation
:
or
els
so
deuided
into
small
kingdomes
,
that
they
were
of
no
force
.
It
is
therefore
no
maruell
that
Antonio
di
Gueuara
in
regard
of
their
weaknes
,
and
want
of
valiant
personages
,
cited
,
(
in
his
epistle
to
Don
Ian
di
Padillia
a
Captaine
of
the
rebels
in
Spain
)
one
Cid
,
Fernan
Gonsalis
&
the
knight
Tiran
:
and
in
his
epistle
to
Sir
Antoni
of
Cuniga
(
prior
of
S.
Iohn
)
named
Viriato
a
Spaniard
;
he
being
a
naturall
Portingall
,
whom
the
Spaniard
aboue
all
men
hateth
,
as
In
the
time
then
of
Ferdinando
,
after
the
rapine
of
the
kingdomes
of
Naples
,
Sicilia
and
Nauarre
;
were
they
first
esteemed
:
neither
would
their
fortunes
haue
had
longer
life
then
his
age
,
had
they
not
ben
after
houed
vnder
the
wings
of
the
eagle
(
during
which
time
they
increased
their
empire
with
Milan
)
and
caught
some
heat
of
the
Lion
.
In
their
prosperity
they
are
of
the
nature
of
gourds
which
ouerlooke
those
things
by
which
they
clime
.
England
hath
yelded
them
the
greatest
countenance
(
besides
their
comoditie
of
sheepe
,
the
King
hauing
for
the
duties
of
wool
30
quentos
)
&
the
lower
contries
the
greatest
reuenues
,
and
these
two
are
they
at
which
they
haue
first
leuelled
.
They
esteme
the
kingdoms
of
Castill
and
Aragon
to
be
the
cheifest
of
their
Diadem
,
yet
do
the
commodities
of
Belgia
contrepois
more
then
the
weight
of
both
:
the
due
of
the
prouinces
being
seuen
hundred
quentos
,
the
kingdom
of
Castill
but
foure
hundred
and
fifty
:
and
of
Aragon
&
Catalonia
but
one
hundred
and
fifty
:
wherby
it
should
seeme
that
before
they
had
rauened
Malorques
,
Nauar
,
Milan
,
Sicilia
and
Naples
,
that
their
proper
right
(
notwithstanding
their
mine
of
Guadalcanal
)
was
of
no
great
accompt
;
the
kingdom
of
Naples
yelding
three
hundred
and
fifty
quentos
,
and
the
state
of
Milan
three
hundred
quentos
,
(
or
after
the
opinion
of
Philip
de
Comines
six
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
Duckets
)
which
cometh
neere
to
one
reckning
(
exceeding
the
rest
of
their
auncient
Domains
of
Spaine
.
I
speake
nothing
of
the
States
of
Parma
and
Florence
,
for
that
since
their
match
with
the
house
of
Austria
,
they
yealded
the
Spaniards
but
the
lone
of
some
citadells
.
Yet
was
the
surprising
of
Piazenza
by
the
Emperors
lieutenant
Lumbardy
;
treacherous
&
cruel
,
&
the
Emperors
answer
framed
by
a
Spanish
frier
Iacobin
his
confessor
,
to
the
Bishop
of
Phano
(
the
Popes
nuncio
)
who
solicited
the
restitution
Spaine
,
and
martial
pollicie
of
Ferdinando
Gonzaga
.
But
most
infamous
was
their
attempt
towardes
their
general
lieutenant
of
Belgia
,
who
had
deserued
better
of
their
nation
,
which
hath
bene
often
fatall
to
his
house
:
but
so
vse
they
to
make
happy
their
frends
.
It
should
seeme
the
king
of
Spaine
exceedeth
in
greatnes
and
reuenues
,
the
mightiest
kings
in
Europe
;
but
remember
with
all
that
vertue
vnited
is
stronger
,
and
being
dispearsed
,
weaker
;
and
that
also
many
things
fall
betwene
the
vpper
lippe
and
the
cuppe
.
That
garment
therefore
(
in
my
conceit
)
is
most
comely
that
is
of
one
cloth
,
and
most
strong
that
is
least
peeced
.
How
then
their
robe
will
hang
together
,
I
may
gesse
,
&
what
the
euent
of
all
will
be
,
the
wiser
may
foresee
.
I
alledged
that
as
all
things
had
their
risings
,
so
had
they
also
their
fall
,
though
not
after
one
motion
I
gather
therby
and
the
former
circumstances
,
that
the
empire
of
Spaine
declineth
:
but
my
chiefest
ground
is
;
that
nothing
which
is
vehement
is
durable
.
To
deuine
of
those
things
which
are
in
the
secret
purpose
of
God
,
is
impietie
:
but
to
vse
coniectures
against
coniectures
,
answereth
the
iniustice
of
their
ambition
:
no
man
taking
hurt
but
by
meane
of
him selfe
.
I
could
vse
an
incident
for
this
,
which
though
it
may
Alexander
,
which
the
Caldeans
prognosticated
to
portend
the
death
of
Alexander
.
The
actors
were
,
that
Bergamasco
(
for
his
phantastick
humors
)
named
Monarcho
,
and
two
of
the
Spanish
embassadors
retinue
,
who
being
about
foure
and
twentie
yeares
past
in
Paules
church
in
London
,
contended
who
was
soueraigne
of
the
world
:
the
Monarcho
maintained
him self
to
be
he
,
and
named
their
king
to
be
but
his
viceroy
for
Spain
:
the
other
two
with
great
fury
denying
it
.
At
which
my self
,
and
some
of
good
account
now
dead
,
wondred
in
respect
of
the
subiect
they
handled
,
and
that
want
of
iudgment
we
looked
not
for
in
the
Spaniards
.
Yet
this
moreouer
we
noted
,
that
notwithstanding
the
weight
of
their
controuersie
;
they
kept
in
their
walke
the
Spanish
turne
:
which
is
,
that
he
which
goeth
at
the
right
hand
shall
at
euery
end
of
the
walke
turne
in
the
midst
,
the
which
place
the
Monarcho
was
loth
to
yeald
(
but
as
they
compelled
him
,
though
they
gaue
him
sometimes
that
romthe
)
in
respect
of
his
supposed
Maiestie
;
but
I
would
this
were
the
worst
of
their
ceremonies
;
the
same
keeping
some
decorum
concerning
equalitie
.
As
I
haue
(
for
some
proportion
betweene
the
two
princes
Alexander
and
Philip
)
compared
him
who
sate
vnder
the
cloth
of
state
of
Alexander
with
the
Monarcho
,
so
would
I
for
conclusion
expresse
my
conceit
in
a
matter
of
great
apparance
,
and
nearer
similitude
.
Cesar
Borgia
the
sonne
of
Roderigo
a
Spaniard
,
who
named
himselfe
after
he
came
to
the
Papacie
Alexander
V
I.
(
which
some
reade
Alexander
ui
)
to
that
ende
as
Sabellicus
noteth
,
they
hauing
the
names
of
those
two
that
were
the
greatest
emperours
,
might
make
the
world
tremble
before
them
:
after
he
had
renounced
his
fathers
bishoprick
of
Valentia
in
Spaine
(
of
which
he
was
named
Cardinal
)
and
to
attaine
by
degrees
the
Maiesty
of
Cesar
,
was
created
Duke
of
that
place
,
gaue
for
his
poesie
,
Aut
Cesar
,
aut
nihil
.
which
being
not
fauoured
from
the
heauens
,
had
presently
the
euent
the
same
predicted
.
Philip
of
Macedonia
at
a
banquet
he
made
the
embassadors
Persians
.
Neoptolemus
supposing
he
had
apt
matter
to
extoll
his
enterprise
and
greatnes
of
the
Persian
empier
,
which
was
then
like
to
fall
,
began
in
this
sort
.
For
you
(
which
rashly
hold
,
The
giuen
course
of
life
,
And
carefully
aspire
T
inuade
Olimphus
top
:
The
champion
fieldes
,
and
courtes
Which
lift
their
turrets
high
)
The
time
now
moues
regard
,
For
lo
a
way
not
knowen
He
goeth
,
now
thrid
of
hope
,
Though
long
he
cuts
in
two
.
And
vtmost
day
of
death
,
Vnbid
,
presents
it selfe
.
How
this
may
be
applyed
to
their
late
enterprise
by
sea
;
their
penons
,
banners
,
stremers
and
enseignes
hauing
sundry
figures
portending
a
doubtfull
euent
:
I
leaue
to
their
iudgments
who
haue
seene
both
them
and
their
successe
;
as
also
the
poesie
of
Borgia
,
for
a
neare
resemblance
of
their
deuice
(
at
S.
Domingo
)
to
the
censure
of
the
great
iudge
.
There
is
no
oracle
,
beside
the
diuine
,
more
certaine
for
signifying
our
estate
,
or
which
more
bindeth
vs
to
the
condition
of
the
thing
signified
,
then
that
which
is
pronounced
either
by
our selues
,
or
our
meanes
:
of
both
which
there
is
no
difference
.
Of
this
are
infinit
examples
besides
those
before
cited
,
which
for
breuity
I
omit
.
From
these
particles
I
framed
this
ground
,
that
whatsoeuer
is
doubtfully
laid
downe
(
being
not
founded
vpon
the
base
of
iustice
)
is
infirme
and
of
small
life
.
In
respect
whereof
,
I
iudge
we
may
lawfully
affirme
by
application
from
the
former
examples
;
that
the
name
of
the
first
inhabitant
of
Spaine
and
that
countrey
,
fatally
signifying
confusion
and
penury
:
the
auarice
of
that
people
,
being
,
by
meane
thereof
,
made
insatiable
;
their
policie
to
inlarge
their
empire
cruel
,
their
later
proceedings
&
resolutions
terrible
;
&
their
embleme
of
a
horse
(
alluding
to
the
name
of
their
king
and
his
ambition
)
standing
on
his
hinder
legges
vpon
the
globe
of
the
whole
earth
,
his
former
partes
aduanced
as
though
he
would
leape
from
thence
,
with
this
written
scroll
in
his
mouth
,
Non
sufficit
orbis
,
)
proude
&
not
contained
in
order
:
expresseth
,
according
to
the
particular
circumstances
&
blason
,
that
God
(
hauing
restored
euery
bird
her
fether
)
hath
left
for
this
proud
&
stubburne
nation
,
the
reward
of
his
wrath
,
and
iust
effectes
of
the
signification
of
Spaine
and
Tubal
:
howsoeuer
he
hath
of
late
delt
with
vs
for
our
vnthankfulnes
,
he
before
powring
vpon
vs
with
ful
measure
,
so
rare
blessings
as
no
nation
receaued
like
,
his
peculiar
people
excepted
.
So
that
we
may
iustly
bost
with
Cesar
,
Ante
victum
hostem
esse
quam
visum
.