THE
FIRSTE
BOOKE
OF
THE
SEAMANS
SECRETS
.
What
is
Nauigation
?
NAuigation
is
that
excellent
Arte
which
demonstrateth
by
infallible
conclusion
,
how
a
sufficient
Ship
may
be
conducted
the
shortest
good
way
from
place
to
place
,
by
Corse
and
trauers
.
What
are
those
infallible
conclusions
?
NAuigation
consisteth
of
three
partes
,
which
being
well
vnderstood
and
practised
,
are
conclusions
infallible
,
wherby
the
skilfull
Pilote
is
void
of
all
doubt
to
effett
the
thing
purposed
.
Of
which
,
the
first
is
Horizontall
Nauigation
,
which
manifesteth
all
the
varieties
of
the
Ships
motion
,
within
the
Horizontall
plaine
superficies
,
where
euery
line
drawne
is
supposed
a
parallell
.
The
second
is
a
peradoxall
or
Cosmographicall
Nauigation
,
which
demonstrateth
the
true
motion
of
the
Ship
vpon
any
course
assigned
in
longitude
,
latitude
and
distance
,
either
perticular
or
general
,
and
is
the
skilfull
gathering
together
of
many
Horizontall
Corses
,
into
one
infallible
and
true
motion
peradoxall
.
The
third
is
great
Circle
Nauigation
,
which
teacheth
how
vpon
a
great
Circle
drawn
betweene
any
2.
places
assigned
,
(
being
the
only
shortest
way
betweene
place
and
place
)
the
Ship
may
be
conducted
,
and
is
perfourmed
by
the
skilfull
application
of
Horizontall
and
peradoxall
Nauigation
.
What
is
a
Corse
?
A
Corse
is
that
peradoxall
line
which
passeth
betweene
place
and
place
,
according
to
the
true
Horizontall
position
of
the
Magnet
,
vpon
which
line
the
Ship
prosecuting
her
motion
,
shal
be
conducted
betweene
the
saide
places
.
What
is
a
Trauers
?
A
Trauers
is
the
varietie
or
alteration
of
the
Ships
motion
vpon
the
shift
of
windes
,
within
any
Horizontall
plaine
superficies
,
by
the
good
collection
of
which
Trauerses
,
the
ships
uniforme
motion
or
Corse
is
giuen
.
What
Instruments
are
necessary
for
the
execution
of
this
excellent
skill
?
THe
Instrumentes
necessary
for
a
skilfull
Seaman
,
are
a
Sea
Compasse
,
a
Crosse
staffe
,
a
Quadrant
,
an
Astrolabie
,
a
Chart
,
an
instrument
magneticall
for
the
finding
of
the
variation
of
the
Compasse
,
an
Horizontall
plaine
Sphere
,
a
Globe
,
and
a
paradoxall
Compasse
.
By
which
instruments
all
conclusions
and
infallible
demonstrations
,
Hidrographicall
,
Geographicall
,
and
Cosmographicall
,
are
without
controlement
of
errour
to
be
performed
:
but
the
Sea
Compasse
,
Chart
,
and
Crosse
staffe
,
are
instruments
sufficient
for
the
seamans
vse
:
the
Astrolabie
and
Quadrant
being
instruments
very
vncertaine
for
Sea
obseruations
.
What
is
the
Sea
Compasse
?
THe
Sea
Compasse
is
a
principall
instrument
in
Nauigation
,
representing
and
distnguishing
the
Horizon
,
so
that
the
Compasse
may
conueniently
be
named
,
an
Artificiall
Horizon
,
because
by
it
are
manifested
all
the
limits
and
distinctions
of
the
Horizon
required
,
to
the
perfect
vse
of
Nauigation
,
which
distinctions
are
the
32.
points
of
the
Compasse
,
wherby
the
Horizon
is
deuided
into
32.
equall
partes
,
and
euery
of
those
points
hath
his
proper
name
,
as
in
the
figure
following
appeereth
.
Also
euery
point
of
the
Compasse
doth
containe
degrees
,
minuts
,
seconds
,
and
thirds
,
&c.
Which
degrees
are
called
degrees
of
Azumuth
,
whereof
there
are
in
euery
point
11¼
.
so
that
the
whole
Compasse
of
Horizon
containeth
360.
degrees
of
Azumuth
,
for
if
you
multiplie
11¼
.
degrees
,
the
degrees
that
ech
point
containeth
,
by
32.
the
points
of
the
Compasse
,
it
yeeldeth
360.
the
degrees
of
the
Compasse
.
And
of
minutes
eche
point
containeth
45.
being
¾
.
of
an
hower
,
so
that
the
whole
Compasse
is
heereby
deuided
into
24
,
howers
,
by
which
accompt
there
are
in
an
hower
15.
degrees
,
so
that
euery
degree
containeth
4.
minutes
of
time
,
for
an
hower
consisting
of
60.
minutes
,
hath
for
his
fifteenth
part
4.
minutes
of
time
,
and
in
euery
minute
there
is
60.
seconds
,
and
euery
second
containeth
60.
thirds
,
either
in
degrees
applied
to
time
,
or
degrees
applied
to
measure
:
so
that
the
generall
content
of
the
Compasse
is
,
32.
points
,
360.
degrees
,
and
24.
howers
,
with
their
minutes
,
seconds
,
and
thirds
.
What
is
the
vse
of
the
32.
points
of
the
Compasse
?
THe
vse
of
the
32.
points
of
the
Compasse
,
is
to
direct
the
skilful
Pilote
by
Horizontall
trauers
,
how
hee
may
conclude
the
corse
or
peradoxall
motion
of
his
Ship
,
therby
with
the
greater
expedition
to
recouer
the
place
desired
,
because
they
deuide
the
Horizon
into
such
limits
as
are
most
apt
for
Nauigation
,
they
doe
also
distinguish
the
windes
by
their
proper
names
,
for
the
winde
receiueth
his
name
by
the
parte
of
the
Horizon
from
whence
hee
bloweth
.
What
is
the
vse
of
the
360.
degrees
of
Azumuth
?
BY
the
degrees
of
Azumuth
is
knowne
the
quantitie
of
the
rising
and
setting
of
the
Sunne
,
Moone
and
Starres
,
whereby
is
knowne
the
length
of
the
dayes
and
nightes
in
all
climates
,
and
at
all
times
,
they
also
shew
a
most
precise
Horizontall
distiuction
of
the
motion
of
the
Sunne
,
Moone
and
Starres
,
whereby
the
certaintie
of
time
is
measured
,
and
the
variation
of
the
Compasse
,
with
the
Poles
height
is
ingeuiously
knowne
at
all
times
and
in
all
places
,
by
helpe
of
the
Globe
.
How
is
the
hower
of
the
day
knowne
by
the
Compasse
?
IT
hath
been
an
ancient
custome
among
Mariners
to
deuide
the
Compasse
into
24.
equall
partes
or
howers
,
by
which
they
haue
vsed
to
distinguish
time
,
supposing
an
East
Sunne
to
be
6.
of
the
clocke
,
a
Southeast
Sunne
9.
of
the
clocke
,
and
a
South
Sunne
12.
of
the
clocke
:
&c.
as
in
the
figure
following
shall
plainely
appeere
.
But
this
accompt
is
very
absurd
,
for
with
vs
in
England
(
the
Sunne
hauing
his
greatest
North
declination
,
)
it
is
somewhat
past
7.
of
the
clock
,
at
an
East
Sunne
,
and
at
a
Southeast
Sunne
it
is
past
10.
of
the
clocke
:
also
when
the
Sunne
is
in
the
Equinoctiall
,
the
Sunne
is
halfe
the
day
East
,
and
halfe
the
day
West
,
to
all
those
that
be
vnder
the
same
,
so
that
the
Sunne
then
and
to
those
people
vseth
but
2.
pointes
of
the
Compasse
,
to
perfourme
the
motion
of
12.
howers
:
therfore
the
distinctions
of
time
may
not
well
be
giuen
by
the
Compasse
,
vnlesse
the
Sunne
be
vpon
the
Meridian
,
or
that
you
be
farre
toward
the
North
,
in
such
places
where
the
Sunnes
Horizontall
motion
is
very
oblique
,
for
there
the
hower
may
be
giuen
by
the
Compasse
,
without
any
great
errour
,
but
elsewhere
it
cannot
.
Therefore
those
that
trauaile
must
either
vse
the
Globe
,
or
an
Equinoctiall
diall
,
by
whom
time
may
be
most
certainly
measured
,
if
there
bee
good
consideration
of
the
variation
of
the
needle
by
which
the
Equinoctiall
diall
is
directed
,
for
this
is
a
generall
thing
to
be
regarded
aswel
in
the
compasse
,
as
in
any
dials
or
other
instrument
or
conclusion
whatsoeuer
wherin
the
vse
of
the
needle
is
required
,
that
vnlesse
there
be
good
regarde
vnto
the
variation
of
the
same
,
there
can
no
good
conclusion
follow
of
any
such
practices
.
What
is
the
next
necessary
thing
to
be
learned
?
HAuing
perfectly
learned
the
Compasse
,
the
next
necessary
thing
for
a
Seaman
to
know
,
is
the
alteration
or
shifting
of
tydes
,
that
thereby
he
may
with
the
greater
safetie
bring
his
Ship
into
any
barred
Port
,
Hauen
,
Creeke
,
or
other
place
,
where
tydes
are
to
be
regarded
.
And
this
difference
of
tides
in
the
alteration
of
flowing
and
reflowing
,
is
by
long
experience
found
to
be
gouerned
by
the
Moones
motion
,
for
in
such
proportion
of
time
as
the
Moone
doth
seperate
her selfe
from
the
Sunne
,
by
the
swiftnes
of
her
naturall
motion
:
in
the
like
proportion
of
time
doth
one
tide
differ
from
another
,
therefore
ta
vnderstand
this
difference
of
the
Moones
motion
,
is
the
onelye
meane
whereby
the
time
of
tides
is
most
precisely
knowne
.
Of
the
Moones
motion
.
YOu
must
vnderstand
the
Moone
hath
two
kinde
of
motions
,
a
naturall
motion
,
and
a
violent
motion
,
her
violent
motion
is
from
the
east
toward
the
West
,
caused
by
the
violent
swiftnes
of
the
diurnall
motion
of
primum
mobile
,
in
which
motion
the
Moone
is
caried
about
the
earth
in
24.
howers
and
50.
minutes
nerest
one
day
with
another
,
for
although
the
diurnall
period
of
the
first
mouer
the
perfourmed
in
24.
howers
,
yet
because
the
Moone
euery
day
in
her
slowest
naturall
motion
moueth
12
,
degrees
,
therefore
she
is
not
carried
about
the
earth
,
vntill
that
her
motion
be
also
caried
about
,
which
is
in
24.
howers
and
50.
minutes
nerest
.
Her
naturall
motion
is
from
the
West
towards
the
East
,
contrary
to
the
motion
of
the
first
mouer
,
wherein
the
Moone
hath
3.
differences
of
mouing
,
a
swift
motion
,
a
meane
motion
,
and
a
slowe
motion
all
which
is
perfourmes
by
the
diuine
ordinance
of
the
Creator
,
in
27.
daies
and
8.
howers
nerest
,
through
all
the
degrees
of
the
Zodiac
.
Her
slowe
motion
is
in
the
point
of
Auge
or
apogeo
,
being
then
farthest
distant
from
the
earth
,
and
then
she
moueth
in
euery
day
12.
degrees
.
Her
swift
motion
is
in
the
oposite
of
age
or
perigeo
,
being
then
nerest
vnto
the
earth
,
at
which
time
she
moueth
14.
degrees
,
with
some
small
difference
of
minutes
in
euery
24.
howers
.
Betweene
those
2.
points
is
her
meane
motions
,
and
then
she
moueth
13.
degrees
nerest
,
all
which
differences
are
caused
by
the
excontricitie
of
her
Orbe
wherein
she
moueth
,
and
are
onely
perfourmed
in
the
Zodiac
,
but
the
Sea
men
for
their
better
ease
in
the
knowledge
of
tides
,
haue
applied
this
the
Moones
motion
,
to
the
points
,
degrees
,
and
minutes
of
the
Compasse
,
whereby
they
haue
framed
it
to
be
an
Horizontall
motion
,
which
sith
by
long
practise
is
found
to
be
a
rule
of
such
certaintie
,
as
that
the
errour
therof
bringeth
no
danger
to
the
expert
Seaman
,
therefore
it
is
not
amisse
to
follow
their
practised
precepts
therein
.
In
euery
29.
daies
12.
howers
44.
minutes
,
one
with
another
through
the
yeere
,
the
Sunne
and
Moone
are
in
coniunction
,
and
therefore
that
is
the
quantitie
of
time
betweene
change
and
change
,
for
although
the
Moone
in
27.
daies
and
8
howers
perfourming
her
naturall
motion
,
doth
returne
to
the
same
minute
of
the
Zodiac
from
whence
she
departed
,
yet
being
so
returned
,
she
doth
not
finde
the
Sunne
in
that
parte
of
the
Ecliptick
where
she
lefte
him
,
for
the
Sunne
in
his
naturall
motion
mouing
euery
day
one
degree
towards
the
East
,
is
moued
so
farre
from
the
place
where
the
Moone
left
him
,
as
that
the
Moone
cannot
ouertake
the
Sunne
to
come
in
coniunction
with
him
,
vntill
she
haue
perfourmed
the
motion
of
2.
daies
,
4.
howers
,
and
44.
minutes
nerest
,
more
then
her
naturall
reuolution
,
and
that
is
the
cause
wherefore
there
are
29.
daies
,
12.
howers
,
44
minutes
,
betweene
change
&
change
,
one
with
another
through
the
whole
yeere
:
but
the
Seaman
accompteth
the
Moones
motion
,
to
be
vniforme
in
all
places
of
the
Zodiac
alike
limiting
her
generall
seperation
from
the
Sunne
,
to
be
such
as
is
her
slowest
naturall
motion
,
which
is
12.
degrees
,
or
48.
minutes
of
time
,
in
euery
24.
howers
.
By
which
accompt
there
are
30.
daies
reconed
betweene
change
and
change
,
being
11
,
howers
,
16
,
minutes
,
more
then
in
truth
there
is
:
but
because
this
difference
breedeth
but
smal
errour
in
their
accompt
of
tides
,
therfore
to
alter
practised
rules
where
there
is
no
vrgent
cause
,
were
a
matter
friuolous
,
which
considered
,
I
thinke
it
not
amisse
that
we
proceede
therein
by
the
same
methode
that
commonly
is
exercised
.
Allowing
the
Moone
in
euery
24.
howers
to
departe
from
the
Sunne
12
degrees
,
or
48.
minutes
of
time
,
and
in
this
seperation
the
Moone
moueth
from
the
Sunne
Eastwards
,
vntill
she
be
at
the
full
,
for
betweene
the
change
and
the
full
,
it
is
called
the
Moones
seperation
from
the
Sunne
:
for
after
the
full
she
doth
apply
towards
the
Sunne
,
so
that
betweene
the
full
and
the
change
it
is
called
the
Moones
application
to
the
Sunne
,
in
which
time
of
application
she
is
to
the
Westward
of
the
Sunne
,
as
in
her
seperation
she
is
to
the
Eastward
,
or
I
may
say
in
the
Seamans
phraise
,
all
the
time
of
her
application
she
is
before
the
Sunne
,
and
in
the
time
of
her
seperation
she
is
abaft
the
Sunne
.
Then
if
the
Moone
doe
moue
48.
minutes
of
time
in
24.
howers
,
it
followeth
that
she
doth
moue
24.
minutes
in
12.
howers
,
and
in
6.
howers
she
moueth
12.
minutes
,
therefore
euery
hower
she
moueth
2.
minutes
,
and
such
as
is
the
difference
of
her
motion
,
such
is
the
alteration
of
tides
,
and
therfore
euery
tide
differeth
from
the
other
12.
minutes
,
because
there
is
6.
howers
betweene
tide
and
tide
,
and
in
euery
hower
the
course
of
flowing
or
reflowing
altereth
2.
minutes
,
whereby
it
appeereth
that
in
24.
howers
the
foure
tides
of
flowing
and
reflowing
doe
differ
48.
minutes
of
time
.
And
sith
the
whole
knowledge
of
this
difference
or
alteration
of
tides
,
as
also
the
quantitie
of
the
Moones
seperation
and
application
to
and
from
the
Sunne
,
dependeth
vpon
the
knowledge
of
the
Moones
age
,
it
is
therfore
necessary
that
next
you
learne
how
the
Sunne
may
be
knowne
.
For
the
perfourmance
whereof
there
are
2
▪
numbers
especially
required
,
named
the
Prime
and
the
Epact
,
for
by
the
prime
the
epact
is
found
,
and
by
helpe
of
the
Epact
the
Moones
age
is
knowne
.
Of
the
prime
or
Golden
number
.
THe
Prime
is
the
space
of
19
▪
yeeres
,
in
which
time
the
moone
performeth
all
the
varieties
of
her
motion
with
the
sunne
,
and
at
the
end
of
19.
yeres
beginneth
the
same
reuolution
againe
,
therefore
the
Prime
neuer
exceedeth
the
number
of
19.
and
this
prime
doth
alwaies
begin
in
Ianuary
,
and
thus
the
prime
is
found
:
vnto
the
yeere
of
the
Lord
wherein
you
desire
to
know
the
prime
adde
1.
then
deuide
that
number
by
19.
and
the
remaining
number
which
commeth
not
into
the
quotient
is
the
prime
.
Example
,
in
the
yeere
of
our
Lord
1590.
I
desire
to
know
the
prime
,
therefore
I
adde
I.
vnto
that
yeere
,
and
then
it
is
1591.
which
I
deuide
by
19.
and
it
yeeldeth
in
the
quotient
83.
and
there
remaineth
14.
vpon
the
diuision
,
which
commeth
not
into
the
quotient
,
which
14.
is
the
prime
in
the
yeere
of
our
Lord
1590.
-
1590
-
1
-
1591
-
1
-
74
-
1591
-
199
(
83
-
1527
-
1
-
5
Of
the
Epact.
THe
Epact
is
a
number
proceeding
from
the
ouerplus
of
the
solar
and
lunar
yeere
,
which
number
neuer
exceedeth
30.
because
the
Moones
age
neuer
exceedeth
30.
for
the
finding
whereof
this
number
onely
serueth
:
and
thus
the
Epact
is
knowne
,
which
Epact
doth
alwaies
begin
in
March
,
multiplye
the
prime
by
II.
(
being
the
nerest
difference
betweene
the
solar
and
lunar
yeere
)
deuide
the
product
by
30.
and
the
remainer
is
the
epact.
Example
,
in
the
yeere
of
our
Lord
1590.
I
would
know
the
Eqact
,
first
I
seeke
the
prime
of
that
yeere
,
and
finde
it
to
be
14.
I
therfore
multiply
14.
by
11.
and
that
yeeldeth
154.
which
being
deuided
by
30.
it
giueth
in
the
quotient
5.
and
there
remaineth
4.
vpon
the
diuision
,
which
4.
is
the
Epact
in
the
yeere
1590.
which
beginning
in
March
,
doth
continue
vntill
the
next
March
of
the
yeere
1591.
-
14
-
11
-
14
-
17
-
154
-
15
(
4
-
130
(
5
-
50
Of
the
solar
and
lunar
yeere
.
THe
solar
yeere
or
the
Suns
yeere
consisteth
of
12.
moneths
,
being
365.
daies
,
and
about
6.
howers
,
the
lunar
yere
of
the
Moones
yere
containeth
32.
Moones
,
and
euery
Moone
hath
29.
daies
,
12.
howers
,
44.
minutes
nerest
,
which
amount
vnto
354.
daies
,
5
howers
,
28.
minutes
,
the
content
of
the
Lunar
yeere
,
which
being
substracted
from
365
dayes
,
6.
howers
,
there
resteth
11.
daies
and
32
minutes
,
the
difference
between
the
saide
yeeres
,
from
which
difference
the
Epact
commeth
.
BY
this
Table
the
prime
and
Epact
may
for
euer
be
found
,
for
when
the
yeeres
be
expired
,
you
may
begin
againe
and
continue
it
for
euer
at
yaur
pleasure
.
The
first
circle
containeth
the
yeeres
of
our
Lord
,
the
second
the
prime
,
and
the
third
and
inner
circle
sheweth
the
Epact
:
vnder
euery
yeere
you
shal
finde
his
prime
and
Epact
,
the
prime
beginneth
in
Ianuary
,
and
the
Epact
in
March
.
How
to
finde
the
Moones
age
.
FIrst
consider
the
day
of
the
moneth
wherein
you
seeke
the
Moones
age
,
then
note
how
many
moneths
there
are
betweene
the
said
moneth
and
March
,
including
both
moneths
,
vnto
those
numbers
adde
the
Epact
of
that
yeere
,
that
is
,
you
must
adde
into
one
summe
the
day
of
the
moneth
,
betweene
March
and
your
moneth
,
reckoning
both
moneths
and
the
Epact
,
all
which
numbers
ioyned
together
,
if
they
exceede
not
30.
is
the
moones
age
,
if
they
be
more
then
30.
cast
away
30
▪
as
often
as
you
can
,
and
the
remainer
is
the
Moones
age
,
if
it
be
iust
30.
it
is
then
new
Moone
,
if
7.
it
is
the
first
quarter
day
,
if
15.
it
is
full
Moone
,
if
22.
it
is
then
the
last
quarter
day
,
and
thus
the
Moones
age
is
found
for
euer
.
And
now
being
able
for
all
times
either
past
,
present
or
to
come
,
to
giue
the
Moones
age
,
I
think
it
good
by
a
few
questions
conuenient
for
the
Seamans
practise
,
to
make
you
vnderstand
the
necessary
vse
thereof
.
For
the
accompt
of
Tydes
.
WHen
you
desire
to
know
the
time
of
full
Sea
in
any
place
,
at
all
such
seasons
as
occasion
shall
require
,
you
must
first
learne
what
moone
maketh
a
full
Sea
in
the
same
place
,
that
is
,
vpon
what
point
of
the
Compasse
the
Moone
is
,
when
it
is
full
Sea
at
the
said
place
,
you
must
also
know
what
hower
is
appropriated
to
that
point
of
the
Compasse
,
as
before
is
shewed
:
for
vpon
the
change
day
it
will
alwaies
be
full
Sea
in
that
place
,
at
the
same
instant
of
time
,
by
which
considerations
you
must
thus
proceed
for
the
search
of
tides
.
Multiplie
the
Moones
age
by
4.
deuide
the
product
by
5.
and
to
the
quotient
adde
the
hower
which
maketh
full
Sea
in
that
place
vpon
the
change
day
,
if
it
exceede
12.
cast
away
12.
as
oft
as
you
may
,
and
then
the
hower
of
full
Sea
remaineth
,
and
for
euery
1.
that
resteth
vpon
your
diuision
,
allow
12.
minutes
to
be
added
to
the
howers
,
for
2.
24.
minutes
,
for
3.
36
▪
and
for
4.
48.
minutes
,
for
more
then
4.
will
neuer
remaine
,
and
thus
you
may
know
your
tides
to
a
minute
.
Example
,
the
Moone
being
twelue
daies
olde
,
I
desire
to
know
the
time
of
full
Sea
at
London
:
first
it
is
found
by
experience
,
that
a
Southwest
and
Northeast
Moone
make
full
sea
at
London
,
next
,
I
consider
that
3.
of
the
clocke
is
the
houre
appropriated
to
that
point
of
the
Compasse
,
whith
number
I
keepe
in
memory
,
then
I
multiplie
the
Moones
age
,
being
12.
by
4.
and
that
yeeldeth
48.
which
being
deuided
by
5.
it
giueth
in
the
quotient
9.
and
three
remaineth
,
I
adde
the
quotient
9.
to
the
hower
3.
and
it
maketh
12.
howers
,
and
for
the
remaining
number
3.
I
also
adde
36.
minutes
,
so
that
I
finde
when
the
Moone
is
12.
daies
olde
,
it
is
12.
of
the
clocke
.
and
36.
minutes
past
,
at
the
instant
of
full
Sea
at
London
:
by
this
order
you
may
at
all
places
&
times
know
the
certaintie
of
your
tides
at
your
pleasure
.
But
those
that
are
not
practised
in
Arithmetick
may
accompt
their
tides
in
this
sorte
,
knowing
how
many
daies
olde
the
Moone
is
,
he
must
place
the
Moone
vpon
that
point
of
the
Compasse
which
maketh
full
Sea
at
the
place
desired
,
and
then
reckoning
from
that
point
with
the
sunne
according
to
the
diurnal
motion
,
must
accompt
so
many
points
,
and
so
many
times
3.
minutes
as
the
Moone
is
daies
olde
,
that
is
for
euery
day
one
point
and
3.
minuts
,
and
there
finding
the
Sun
,
he
must
consider
what
is
the
hower
allowed
to
that
point
where
he
findeth
the
Sunne
,
for
that
is
the
hower
of
full
Sea
.
As
for
Example
,
the
moone
being
12
,
daies
olde
,
I
desire
to
know
the
hower
of
full
Sea
of
London
,
now
finding
by
former
experience
,
that
a
Southwest
Moone
maketh
full
Sea
at
London
,
I
therefore
place
the
Moone
vpon
the
point
Southwest
,
then
I
accompt
from
the
point
Southwest
12
,
points
,
reckoning
with
the
Sunne
according
to
the
diurnall
motion
,
Southwest
and
by
west
for
the
first
pointe
,
West
Southwest
for
the
second
,
West
by
South
for
the
third
,
West
for
the
fourth
point
,
and
so
forth
vntill
I
come
to
North
,
which
is
12.
points
from
Southwest
,
and
because
the
Moone
moueth
3.
minutes
more
then
a
point
in
euery
day
,
I
therefore
adde
three
times
twelue
,
which
make
36.
minutes
vnto
the
point
North
,
at
which
place
I
finde
the
Sunne
to
be
,
and
knowing
that
twelue
of
the
clocke
is
appropriated
to
the
point
North
,
I
may
therfore
boldely
say
that
at
twelue
of
the
clocke
36.
minutes
past
,
it
is
full
Sea
at
London
.
when
the
Moone
is
twelue
daies
olde
,
which
36.
minutes
are
added
,
because
the
Moone
hath
moued
36.
minutes
more
then
twelue
points
in
those
twelue
daies
,
which
is
one
point
and
3.
minutes
for
euery
day
,
as
before
.
Heere
followeth
a
very
necessary
Instrument
for
the
knowledge
of
the
Tydes
,
named
an
Horizontall
tyde
Table
.
Of
this
Instrument
and
his
partes
.
THis
necessary
instrument
for
the
yong
practising
Seamans
vse
,
name●
an
Horizontall
tyde
table
,
whereby
he
may
shift
his
Sunne
and
Moone
(
as
they
terme
it
)
and
know
the
times
of
his
tides
with
ease
and
very
certainly
,
besides
the
answering
of
many
pleasant
and
necessary
questions
vsed
amongst
Mariners
)
I
haue
contriued
into
this
methode
,
onely
for
the
benefite
of
such
yong
practisers
in
Hauigation
.
The
first
parte
of
this
instrument
is
a
Sea
Compasse
,
deuided
into
32.
points
or
equall
partes
,
the
innermost
circle
of
which
Compasse
is
deuided
into
24.
howers
,
and
euery
of
those
into
4.
quarters
,
eche
quarter
being
15.
minutes
,
and
against
euery
point
of
the
Compasse
those
places
are
laide
downe
,
in
which
places
it
is
full
Sea
when
the
Moone
commeth
vpon
the
same
point
,
so
that
whatsoeuer
is
required
as
touching
time
,
or
the
pointes
of
the
Compasse
,
is
there
to
be
knowne
.
The
next
moueable
circle
vpon
this
Compasse
,
is
limited
to
the
Sunne
,
vpon
whose
index
the
Sunne
is
laide
downe
,
which
circle
is
deuided
into
30
equall
partes
or
daies
,
signifying
the
30
,
daies
between
change
and
change
,
according
to
the
Seamans
accompt
,
so
that
whatsoeuer
is
demaunded
as
touching
the
age
of
the
Moone
,
is
vpon
the
circle
to
be
knowne
.
The
vppermost
moueable
circle
is
applied
to
the
Moone
,
vpon
whose
index
the
Moone
is
laide
downe
,
which
is
to
be
placed
either
to
the
points
and
partes
of
the
Compasse
,
or
to
the
time
of
her
age
,
as
the
question
requireth
:
which
considered
,
the
vse
of
this
instrument
is
largely
manifested
,
by
these
questions
with
their
answeres
following
.
How
to
know
the
hower
of
the
night
by
the
Moone
,
being
vpon
any
point
of
the
Compasse
,
by
this
instrument
.
I.
Q.
The
Moone
10.
daies
olde
,
I
demaund
what
it
is
a
clocke
,
when
she
is
East
Northeast
.
1.
A.
In
this
question
the
Moones
age
and
the
point
of
the
Compasse
is
giuen
,
therby
to
know
the
hower
,
I
therfore
place
the
index
of
the
Moone
vpon
the
point
East
Northeast
,
there
keeping
the
same
not
to
be
moued
,
then
because
the
Moone
is
10.
daies
olde
,
I
moue
the
index
of
the
Sunne
vntill
I
bring
the
tenth
day
of
the
Moons
age
vnto
the
index
of
the
Moon
,
and
there
I
looke
by
the
Index
of
the
Sunne
and
finde
vpon
the
Compasse
that
it
is
twelue
of
the
clocke
at
noone
and
30.
minutes
past
,
when
the
Moone
is
vpon
the
point
East
Northeast
,
being
10.
daies
olde
,
2.
Q.
The
Moone
being
twelue
daies
olde
,
I
demaund
at
what
hower
she
wile
vpon
the
point
S.
S.
?
:
2.
A.
In
this
question
the
point
of
the
oampas
of
Moons
age
is
giuen
,
as
in
the
first
,
therfore
I
place
the
index
of
the
Moon
upon
the
point
S.
E.
C.
and
there
holding
it
without
mouing
,
I
turne
the
index
of
the
Snnne
,
untill
the
twelfth
day
of
the
moones
age
come
to
the
index
of
the
moone
,
and
then
the
index
of
the
Sunne
sheweth
me
vpon
the
Horizon
the
hower
8.
therefore
I
say
that
8.
of
the
clock
at
night
the
moone
was
then
vpon
the
point
South
Southeast
.
And
thus
you
may
at
al
times
know
the
hower
of
the
night
by
the
Moon
,
vpon
any
point
of
the
Compasse
,
so
that
Moones
age
be
also
had
.
How
by
this
Instrument
,
you
know
at
all
times
vpon
what
point
of
the
Compasse
the
Moone
is
.
I.
Q.
When
the
Moone
is
10.
daies
olde
,
vpon
what
pointe
of
the
Compasse
will
she
he
,
at
9
,
of
the
clocke
in
the
morning
.
?
1.
A.
In
this
question
the
houre
of
the
day
and
the
Moones
age
is
giuen
,
thereby
to
finde
vpon
what
point
of
the
Compasse
she
is
at
the
same
time
.
I
therefore
place
the
Index
of
the
Sunne
vpon
the
Compasse
,
at
the
houre
9.
of
the
clocke
in
the
morning
,
being
upon
the
point
Southeast
,
then
I
turne
the
Index
of
the
Moone
,
untill
I
bring
it
to
the
tenth
day
of
her
age
,
and
then
I
see
upon
the
Compasse
that
the
Moone
is
North
and
by
east
,
and
15.
minutes
to
the
Eastwards
,
at
9.
of
the
clocke
when
she
is
10.
daies
olde
.
2.
Q.
When
the
Moone
is
20
,
daies
olde
,
upon
what
point
of
the
Compas
will
she
be
at
2.
of
the
clocke
in
the
after
noone
?
2.
A.
I
place
the
Index
of
the
Sunne
vpon
the
hower
2.
noted
in
the
compasse
,
there
holding
the
same
without
mouing
,
then
I
turne
the
Index
of
the
Moone
,
untill
I
bring
it
unto
the
twentith
day
of
her
age
,
and
there
I
see
upon
the
Compasse
that
the
is
Northeast
and
by
north
,
and
15.
minutes
to
the
Northward
,
at
2.
of
the
clocke
in
the
afternoone
,
when
she
is
20.
daies
olde
.
To
finde
the
Moones
age
by
this
instrument
.
1.
Q.
When
the
Moone
is
North
at
7.
of
the
clocke
in
the
forenoone
,
how
olde
is
she
:
1.
A.
In
this
question
the
point
of
the
Compasse
and
the
hower
is
giuen
for
the
finding
of
the
Moones
age
:
therefore
I
set
the
Index
of
the
Sunne
vpon
the
hower
7.
in
the
forenoone
,
there
holding
it
without
mouing
,
then
I
bring
the
Index
of
the
Moone
to
the
point
North
,
and
then
vpon
the
circle
containing
the
daies
of
the
Moones
age
,
I
see
the
Moone
is
8.
daies
and
about
18.
howers
olde
,
when
she
is
North
at
7.
of
the
clocke
in
the
forenoone
.
2.
Q.
When
the
Sunne
is
East
,
and
the
Moone
Southwest
,
how
olde
is
the
Moone
?
2.
A.
In
this
question
the
points
of
the
Compasse
are
onely
giuen
for
the
finding
of
the
Moones
age
,
therefore
I
set
the
Index
of
the
Sunne
vpon
the
point
East
,
there
holding
him
stedie
,
then
I
put
the
Index
of
the
Moone
vpon
the
point
Southwest
,
and
there
I
see
that
moone
is
18.
daies
and
18
howers
olde
,
when
the
Sunne
is
East
,
and
the
Southwest
.
After
this
order
by
the
varietie
of
these
fewe
questions
,
you
may
frame
vnto
your selfe
many
other
pleasant
and
necessary
questions
,
which
are
very
easily
answered
by
this
Instrument
:
and
entring
into
the
reasons
of
their
answeres
,
you
may
very
readily
by
a
little
practise
,
be
able
by
memorye
to
answere
all
such
questions
with
ease
.
How
to
know
the
times
of
your
tides
by
this
instrument
.
I.
Q.
When
the
Moone
is
12.
daies
olde
,
I
desire
to
know
the
time
of
full
Sea
at
London
.
1.
A.
To
answere
this
question
,
I
first
looke
through
all
the
pointes
of
the
Compasse
of
my
instrument
I
finde
where
London
is
written
,
for
when
the
Moone
commeth
vpon
that
point
of
the
Compasse
,
it
will
then
be
full
Sea
at
London
:
therefore
I
place
the
index
of
the
Moone
upon
the
same
point
,
whith
I
finde
to
be
Southwest
or
Northeast
,
there
holding
the
index
not
to
be
moued
,
then
I
turne
the
index
of
the
Sunne
untill
I
bring
the
twelfth
daye
of
the
Moones
age
to
the
Index
of
the
Moone
,
and
then
the
index
of
the
Sunne
sheweth
me
that
at
12.
of
the
clocke
36.
minutes
past
,
it
is
full
Sea
at
London
,
the
Moone
being
12.
daies
olde
.
2.
Q.
The
Moone
being
21.
daies
olde
,
at
what
time
is
it
full
Sea
at
Dartmouth
?
2.
A.
I
finde
vpon
my
instrument
,
that
Dartmouth
is
noted
vpon
the
points
East
and
West
,
whereby
I
know
that
when
the
Moone
is
East
or
West
it
is
alwaies
full
Sea
at
Dartmouth
:
therefore
I
place
the
Index
of
the
Moone
vpon
the
pointe
East
,
and
there
holding
it
without
mouing
,
I
turne
the
Index
of
the
Sunne
untill
I
bring
the
21.
day
of
the
Moones
age
unto
the
Index
of
the
Moone
,
and
then
the
Index
of
the
Sunne
sheweth
me
vpon
the
Compasse
,
that
at
10.
of
the
clocke
and
48.
minutes
past
,
it
is
full
Sea
at
Dartmouth
,
when
the
Moone
is
21.
daies
olde
,
and
not
onelye
at
Dartmouth
,
but
my
instrument
sheweth
me
that
the
same
instant
it
is
also
full
Sea
at
Exmouth
,
Weymouth
,
Plymouth
,
Mounts
bay
,
at
Lynne
,
and
at
Homber
:
and
thus
with
great
facilitie
the
time
of
flowings
and
reflowings
is
most
precisely
knowne
.
And
now
that
there
may
be
a
finall
ende
of
the
vs●s
and
effectes
of
the
Compasse
,
it
is
convenient
that
I
make
knowne
unto
you
,
how
many
leages
▪
,
shall
be
sailed
vpon
every
perticular
point
of
the
Compasse
,
for
the
raising
or
laying
of
the
degrees
of
latitude
,
and
in
the
distance
sayling
how
farre
you
shall
he
seperated
from
the
Meridian
from
whence
the
saide
courses
are
begun
,
for
as
euery
point
of
the
Compasse
hath
his
certaine
limited
distance
for
the
degrees
of
the
Poles
eleuation
,
so
they
doe
likewise
leade
from
longitude
to
longtitude
,
euery
point
according
to
his
ratable
limits
,
which
distances
of
leages
are
without
alteration
,
keeping
one
and
the
same
proportion
in
euery
perticular
Horizon
of
any
latitude
,
but
the
degrees
of
Longitude
answerable
to
such
distances
,
doe
differ
in
euery
altitude
,
according
to
the
nature
of
of
the
perallell
,
as
hereafter
shal
be
more
plainly
manifested
.
And
now
know
,
that
in
sayling
North
and
South
,
you
departe
not
from
your
Meridian
,
and
in
euery
20.
leages
sayling
you
raise
a
degree
;
Nor
and
by
east
raiseth
a
degree
in
sayling
20.
leages
and
one
mile
,
and
leadeth
from
the
Meridian
4.
leages
:
Nor
noreast
raiseth
a
degree
in
saying
21.
leages
and
two
miles
,
leadeth
from
the
Meridian
8.
leages
&
one
mile
:
Noreast
by
norht
raiseth
a
degree
in
sayling
24.
leages
,
and
leadeth
from
the
Meridian
13.
leages
and
a
mile
:
Noreast
raiseth
a
degree
in
sayling
28.
leages
and
a
mile
,
and
leadeth
from
the
Meridian
20.
leages
:
Noreast
by
east
raiseth
a
degree
in
saling
36
leages
,
and
leadeth
from
the
Meridian
30.
leages
.
East
noreast
rayseth
a
degree
in
sayling
52.
leages
and
mile
,
and
leadeth
from
the
meridian
48.
leages
and
2
mile
:
East
and
by
north
raiseth
a
degree
in
sayling
102.
leages
and
a
mile
,
and
leadeth
from
the
Meridian
100.
leages
and
2
,
mile
:
East
and
West
doe
not
raise
or
lay
the
Pole
,
but
keepeth
still
in
the
same
perallell
:
the
like
allowance
is
to
be
giuen
to
euery
quarter
of
the
Compasse
,
as
is
laide
downe
vpon
this
Northeast
quarter
.
Leages
seperated
from
the
Meridian
in
raising
a
degree
.
Q.
I
perceiue
that
degrees
are
to
great
purpose
in
Nauigation
,
What
is
a
degree
?
An.
IT
is
most
true
,
that
degrees
are
of
very
great
imployment
in
Nauigation
,
and
a
degree
is
the
360.
part
of
a
circle
,
how
big
or
little
so
euer
the
the
practises
Gubernautick
,
so
that
there
be
degrees
of
longitude
,
degrees
of
latitude
,
degree
of
Azumuth
,
degrees
of
altitude
,
degrees
applied
to
measure
,
and
degrees
applied
to
time
.
A
degree
of
longitude
is
the
360.
parte
of
the
Equinoctiall
.
A
degree
of
latitude
is
the
360.
parte
of
the
Meridian
.
A
degree
of
Azumuth
is
the
360.
parte
of
the
verticall
circle
,
or
the
90.
parts
of
the
distance
betweene
the
Zenith
and
the
Horizon
.
Every
degree
applied
to
measure
,
doth
containe
60.
minutes
,
and
every
minute
60.
seconds
,
and
every
second
60.
thirds
,
&c
,
and
every
degree
of
a
great
circle
so
applied
,
containeth
20.
leages
,
which
is
60.
mile
,
so
that
every
minute
standeth
for
a
mile
in
the
accompt
of
measure
,
and
a
mile
is
limited
to
be
1000.
paces
,
every
pace
5.
foote
,
every
foote
12.
inches
,
and
every
inch
3.
barly
cornes
drye
and
round
,
after
our
English
accompt
,
which
for
the
use
of
nauigation
is
the
onely
best
of
all
other
:
so
by
these
rates
of
measure
you
may
prove
that
a
degree
is
20
leages
or
60.
miles
,
a
minute
is
a
mile
or
5000.
feete
,
a
second
is
83
⅔
.
feete
,
and
a
third
is
16
⅔
.
inches
:
and
thus
much
of
degrees
and
their
partes
applied
to
measure
.
Of
degrees
applied
to
time
,
there
are
15.
contained
in
every
hower
,
so
that
every
degree
of
time
standeth
in
the
accompe
of
time
for
4.
minutes
,
for
an
hower
consisting
of
60.
minutes
of
time
,
hath
for
his
fifteenth
parte
4.
minutes
,
so
that
a
degree
being
the
fifteenth
parte
of
an
hower
,
containeth
4.
minutes
of
time
,
so
that
15.
degrees
or
60.
minutes
make
an
hower
,
24.
howers
make
a
naturall
day
,
and
365.
daies
6.
howers
,
are
contained
in
a
yeere
,
and
thus
much
as
touching
time
,
and
degrees
applied
to
time
.
What
is
the
vse
degrees
?
The
vse
degrees
is
to
measure
distances
betweene
place
and
place
,
to
finde
altitudes
,
latitudes
,
and
longtitudes
,
to
describe
countries
,
to
distinguish
courses
,
to
finde
the
variation
of
the
Compasse
,
to
measure
time
,
to
finde
the
places
and
motions
af
all
relesticall
bodies
,
as
the
Sunne
,
Moone
,
Planets
and
Starres
:
to
conclude
,
by
degrees
have
beene
perfourmed
all
mathematicall
observations
whatsoeuer
,
whose
vse
is
infinite
.
What
is
the
Poles
altitude
,
and
how
may
it
be
knowne
?
ALtitude
is
the
distance
,
height
,
or
mounting
of
one
thing
aboue
another
,
so
that
the
altitude
of
the
pole
,
is
the
distance
,
height
,
or
mounting
of
the
pole
from
the
horizon
,
and
is
defined
to
be
that
portion
of
the
meridian
,
which
is
contained
betweene
the
Pole
and
the
Horison
,
which
altitude
or
eleuation
is
to
be
found
either
by
the
Sunne
,
or
by
the
fixed
Starres
,
with
the
helpe
of
pour
Crosse
staffe
,
Duadrant
,
or
Astrolabie
,
but
the
crosse
is
the
onely
best
instrument
for
the
Sea
mans
vse
.
And
in
the
observation
of
this
altitude
there
are
5.
things
especially
to
be
regarded
:
the
first
is
,
that
you
know
the
meridionall
distance
between
your
Zenith
and
the
Sunne
of
Starresa
,
which
by
your
Crosse
staffe
or
Astrolabye
is
giuen
:
the
second
,
that
the
declinaiton
be
truely
knowne
at
the
time
of
pour
observation
.
And
the
other
three
are
,
that
you
consider
whether
your
Zenith
be
beweene
the
Equinoctiall
and
the
sunne
or
Starres
,
or
whether
the
Equinoctiall
be
betweene
your
Zenith
and
them
,
or
whether
they
be
between
your
Zenith
and
the
Equator
,
for
there
is
a
severall
order
of
working
vpon
eche
of
these
three
differences
.
Latitude
you
must
also
know
,
that
so
much
as
the
Pole
is
aboue
the
Horizon
,
so
much
is
the
Zenith
from
the
Equinoctial
,
and
this
distance
between
the
Zenith
and
the
Equator
is
called
latitude
or
widenes
.
and
is
that
portion
of
the
Meridian
which
is
included
betweene
your
Zenith
and
the
Equator
,
for
it
is
generall
rule
for
ever
,
that
so
much
as
the
Pole
is
aboue
the
Horizon
,
so
much
the
Zenith
is
from
the
vpon
Equinoctiall
,
so
that
in
this
sence
altitude
and
latitude
is
all
one
thing
,
the
one
hauing
relation
to
that
parte
of
the
Meridian
contained
betweene
the
pole
and
the
Horizon
,
and
the
other
to
that
parte
of
the
Meridian
which
is
contained
betweene
the
Zenith
and
the
Equinoctiall
.
You
must
further
vnderstand
,
that
betweene
the
Zenith
the
Horizon
it
is
a
quarter
of
a
great
circle
,
containing
90.
degrees
,
so
that
knowing
how
much
the
sunne
or
any
Starre
is
from
the
Horizon
,
if
you
take
that
distance
from
90.
the
remainer
is
the
distance
betweene
the
said
body
and
the
Zenith
:
as
for
example
,
if
the
Sunne
be
40
,
degrees
37.
minutes
from
the
Horizon
,
I
sub●tract
40.
deg.
37.
min.
from
90.
and
there
remaineth
49.
deg.
23.
min.
which
is
the
distance
betweene
my
Zenith
and
the
Sunne
,
&c.
Those
instruments
that
begin
the
accompt
of
their
degrees
at
the
Zenith
concluding
90.
in
the
Horizon
,
are
of
most
case
for
the
finding
of
the
latitude
by
the
Sunne
or
fixed
Starres
,
because
they
giue
the
distance
betweene
the
Zenith
and
the
body
obserued
,
without
further
trouble
,
and
that
is
the
number
which
you
must
haue
,
and
for
which
you
do
search
in
your
obseruation
:
all
which
things
considered
,
you
must
in
this
sorte
proceede
for
the
finding
of
the
Poles
height
or
altitude
.
By
the
Sunne
or
fixed
Starres
being
betweene
your
Zenith
and
the
Equinoctiall
the
latitude
is
thus
found
,
in
what
parte
of
the
worlde
soeuer
you
be
.
FIrst
place
the
Crosse
staffe
to
your
eye
,
in
such
good
sorte
as
that
there
may
grow
no
errour
by
the
disorderly
vsing
thereof
,
for
vnlesse
the
Center
of
your
staffe
and
the
center
of
your
sight
doe
ioyne
together
in
your
obseruation
,
it
will
be
erronious
whatsoeuer
you
conclude
thereby
:
your
staffe
so
ordered
,
then
mooue
the
transuersary
vpon
your
staffe
to
and
fro
as
occasion
requireth
,
vntil
at
one
&
the
same
instant
you
may
see
by
the
vpper
edge
of
your
transuersary
halfe
the
body
of
the
Sunne
or
Starres
,
and
that
lower
edge
or
ende
thereof
do
likewise
touch
the
Horizon
,
at
that
place
where
it
seemeth
that
the
Skye
and
seas
are
ioyned
,
hauing
especiall
regarde
in
this
your
obseruation
,
that
you
holde
the
transuersary
as
directly
vpright
as
possibly
you
may
,
and
you
must
begin
this
obseruation
somwhat
before
the
Sun
or
Starres
be
at
South
,
and
continue
the
same
so
long
as
you
perceiue
that
they
rise
:
for
when
they
are
at
the
highest
then
are
they
vpon
the
Meridian
.
and
then
you
haue
the
meridionall
altitude
which
you
seeke
,
at
which
time
they
will
be
due
South
from
you
,
if
your
Compasse
be
good
and
without
variation
,
and
then
doth
the
transuersary
them
vpon
the
staffe
the
degrees
and
minutes
that
the
said
body
in
from
your
Zenith
,
if
the
degrees
of
your
instrument
be
numbred
from
the
Zenith
toward
the
Horizon
:
or
else
it
sheweth
the
distance
betweene
the
saide
body
&
the
Horizon
,
if
the
degrees
of
your
instrument
be
numbred
from
the
Horizon
,
concluding
90.
in
the
Zenith
as
commonlye
Crosse
staues
are
marked
,
which
is
not
the
easiest
way
:
but
if
your
staffe
be
accompted
from
the
Horizen
,
then
substract
the
degrees
of
your
obseruation
from
90.
and
the
remainer
sheweth
the
distance
betweene
your
Zenith
and
the
Sunne
or
Stares
,
which
is
the
number
you
must
know
:
vnto
that
number
so
knowne
by
your
instrument
,
adde
the
declination
of
the
bodye
by
which
you
doe
obserue
,
whether
it
he
the
Sun
or
any
star
,
and
that
which
commeth
by
the
addition
of
those
2.
numbers
together
,
is
the
poles
height
,
or
the
latitude
of
the
place
wherein
you
are
:
as
for
Example
.
In
the
yeere
of
our
Lord
1593.
the
3.
day
of
March
,
the
Sunne
being
then
betweene
my
Zenith
and
the
Equinoctiall
,
I
obserued
the
Sunnes
Meridionall
altitude
from
the
Horizon
to
be
72.
deg.
and
20.
min.
but
because
I
must
know
the
distance
of
the
Sun
from
my
Zenith
,
I
therfore
substract
72.
deg.
20.
min.
from
90.
deg.
and
there
remaineth
17.
deg.
40.
min.
the
distance
of
the
Sunne
from
my
zenith
,
to
that
distance
I
adde
the
Sunnes
declination
for
that
day
,
which
by
my
Regiment
I
finde
to
be
●
.
degrees
of
South
declination
,
and
it
ameunteth
vnto
20.
deg.
40.
min.
so
much
is
the
South
pole
aboue
the
Horizon
,
and
so
much
is
my
Zenith
south
from
the
Equinoctiall
,
because
the
Sun
hauing
South
declination
,
and
being
betweene
me
and
Equinoctiall
,
therefore
of
necessitie
the
Antartick
pole
must
be
aboue
my
Horison
.
-
89
—
60
—
the
distance
betwene
the
Zenith
and
the
Horizon
.
-
72
—
20
—
the
Sunnes
altitude
.
-
17
—
40
—
the
Suns
dist.
from
the
Zen.
-
3
—
00
—
Sunnes
declination
.
-
20
—
40
—
Poles
height
.
When
the
Equinoctiall
is
betweene
your
Zenith
and
the
Sunne
or
Starres
,
the
latitude
is
thus
found
in
all
places
.
BY
your
instrument
as
before
is
taught
,
you
must
seek
the
meridionall
distance
of
the
Sunne
or
Starres
from
your
Zenith
,
which
being
knowne
,
substract
the
declination
of
the
Sun
or
Stars
from
the
said
distance
,
and
the
remaining
number
is
the
poles
height
or
latitude
which
you
seek
:
Example
.
The
20.
of
October
1593.
I
fitnde
by
my
instrument
that
the
Sun
is
60
deg.
45.
min.
from
the
Zenith
at
noone
,
being
then
vpon
the
Meridian
,
the
Equator
being
then
betweene
my
Zenith
and
the
Sun
,
I
also
finde
by
my
Regiment
that
at
that
time
the
Sun
had
13.
deg.
47.
min.
of
South
declination
,
because
the
Equinoctiall
is
betweene
me
and
the
Sun
,
therefore
I
substract
the
Suns
declination
from
the
obserued
distance
,
and
there
resteth
46
deg.
58.
min.
latitude
desired
,
and
because
the
Sun
hath
South
declination
,
and
the
Equinoctiall
being
betweene
me
and
the
Sun
,
therefore
,
I
may
conclude
,
that
the
pole
Artick
is
46.
deg.
58.
min.
aboue
my
Horizon
,
or
that
my
Zenith
is
so
much
toward
the
North
from
the
Equator
.
-
g
m
-
59
—
15
—
the
Sunnes
distance
.
-
13
—
47
—
the
declination
.
-
46
—
58
—
the
latitude
.
When
your
Zenith
is
betweene
the
Sunne
or
Starres
and
the
Equinoctiall
,
the
Latitude
is
thus
found
.
BY
your
instrument
as
in
the
first
example
is
shewed
,
you
must
obserue
the
Meridionall
distance
of
the
Sunne
or
Starres
from
your
Zenith
,
you
must
also
by
your
Regiment
or
other
tables
,
search
to
know
the
declination
of
that
body
which
you
obserue
,
then
substract
the
obserued
distance
from
pour
Zenith
out
of
the
declination
,
and
the
remaining
number
is
the
latitude
desired
:
Example
,
The
Sun
hauing
20.
deg.
of
North
declination
,
and
being
vpon
the
Meridian
is
5.
deg.
9.
min.
from
my
Zenith
,
I
therefore
substract
5.
deg.
9.
min.
from
20.
deg.
and
there
resteth
14.
deg.
51.
min
the
latitude
desired
:
and
because
the
Sun
hath
North
declination
,
my
Zenith
being
between
the
Sun
and
the
Equinoctiall
,
therefore
,
I
conclude
that
the
North
Pole
is
14.
deg.
51.
min.
aboue
my
Horizon
.
-
g
m
-
19
—
60
—
the
Suns
distance
from
my
Zenith
.
-
5
—
09
—
the
declination
.
-
14
—
51
—
the
Poles
height
.
How
shall
I
know
the
true
order
of
placing
the
Crosse
sffe
to
mine
eye
,
to
anoide
errour
in
my
obseruation
?
TO
finde
the
true
placing
of
the
staffe
at
your
eye
thereby
to
amend
the
parallar
or
false
shadowe
of
your
sight
,
do
thus
:
take
a
staffe
hauing
two
crosses
,
a
long
crosse
which
endeth
in
30.
degrees
,
and
a
short
crosse
which
beginneth
at
30.
deg.
where
the
long
crosse
endeth
,
put
the
long
crosse
vpon
his
30.
deg.
and
there
make
him
fast
,
then
put
the
short
crosse
like
wise
vpon
his
30.
de
.
there
fasten
him
without
mouing
,
then
set
the
end
of
your
stasse
to
your
eye
,
mouing
it
from
place
to
place
about
your
eye
,
vntill
at
one
instant
you
may
see
the
ends
of
both
crosses
,
which
when
you
finde
,
remember
that
place
and
the
standing
of
your
body
,
for
so
must
your
staffe
be
placed
,
and
your
body
ordered
in
all
your
obseruations
.
Are
these
all
the
rules
that
appertaine
to
the
finding
of
the
Poles
height
?
THose
that
trauell
farre
towards
the
North
vnder
whose
Horizon
the
Sunne
setteth
not
,
shall
some
time
haue
occasion
to
seeke
the
latitude
by
the
Sunne
when
the
Sunne
is
North
from
them
,
the
pole
being
then
betweene
the
Sunne
and
their
Zenith
.
When
such
obseruations
are
made
,
you
must
by
your
instrument
seeke
the
Suns
height
from
the
Horizon
,
substract
that
height
from
his
declination
,
and
the
remaining
number
sheweth
how
far
the
Equinoctiall
is
vnder
the
Horizon
vpon
the
point
North
,
for
so
much
is
the
oposite
parte
of
the
Equator
aboue
the
Horizon
vpon
the
point
South
,
substract
that
Meridionall
altitude
of
the
Equinoctiall
from
90.
and
the
remaining
number
is
the
poles
height
desired
.
Example
.
The
Sunne
hauing
22.
degrees
of
North
declination
,
his
altitude
from
the
Horizon
is
obserued
to
be
3.
degrees
15.
minutes
,
therefore
substracting
3.
deg.
15.
min.
from
22.
degrees
,
there
resteth
18.
deg.
45.
min.
which
is
the
distance
of
the
Equinoctiall
from
the
Horizon
,
which
being
taken
from
90.
there
resteth
71.
deg
15.
min
,
the
poles
eleuation
desired
.
-
g
m
-
22
—
60
—
the
Suns
declination
.
-
31
—
15
—
the
Sunnes
altitude
.
-
18
—
45
—
the
altitude
of
the
equinoctiall
.
-
gm
—
—
—
-
89
—
60
—
the
dist.
between
Zen.
&
Dori
▪
-
18
—
45
—
altitude
of
the
Equator
.
-
—
—
—
-
71
—
15
—
the
altitude
of
the
pole
.
But
you
must
know
that
the
declination
found
in
your
Regiment
,
is
not
the
declination
which
in
this
case
you
must
vse
:
for
the
regiment
sheweth
the
Suns
declination
vpon
the
Meridian
or
South
point
,
in
the
place
for
whose
Meridian
the
same
was
calculated
,
and
not
otherwise
:
therefore
it
is
necessary
to
know
the
Suns
declination
at
all
times
,
and
vpon
euery
point
of
the
Compasse
:
for
I
haue
beene
constrained
in
my
Northwest
voyages
,
being
within
the
frozen
zone
,
to
search
the
latitude
by
the
Sun
,
at
such
times
as
I
could
see
the
Sun
,
vpon
what
point
of
the
Compasse
soeuer
,
by
reason
of
the
great
fogges
and
mistes
that
those
Northern
partes
are
subiect
vnto
:
and
there
is
consideration
also
to
be
had
vpon
euery
difference
of
longitude
for
the
Sunnes
declination
,
as
I
haue
by
my
experience
found
at
my
being
in
the
straights
of
Magilane
,
where
I
haue
found
the
suns
declination
to
differ
from
my
regiment
calculated
for
London
,
by
so
much
as
the
Sunne
declineth
in
5.
howers
,
for
so
much
is
the
difference
between
the
meridian
of
London
,
and
the
Meridian
of
Cape
froward
,
being
in
the
midst
of
the
said
straights
.
How
may
this
declination
be
found
for
all
times
,
and
vpon
all
points
of
the
Compasse
?
FIrst
consider
whether
the
Sun
be
comming
towards
the
Equinoctiall
,
or
going
from
him
,
that
being
knowne
,
consider
the
time
wherin
you
seeke
the
declination
,
then
looke
for
the
Sunnes
declination
in
your
regiment
for
that
day
,
and
also
looke
his
declination
for
the
next
day
,
substract
the
lesser
out
of
the
greater
,
and
the
remainer
is
the
whole
declination
which
the
Sun
declineth
in
24.
howers
,
or
in
his
mouing
throughu
all
the
points
of
the
Compasse
,
for
which
number
you
may
by
the
rule
of
proportion
finde
his
declination
vpon
euery
point
of
the
compas
,
as
for
euery
hower
of
the
day
,
as
by
these
examples
may
appeare
.
Example
,
In
the
yeere
1593.
the
20.
of
March
,
I
desire
to
know
the
Suns
declination
when
he
is
vpon
the
North
parte
of
the
Meridian
of
London
,
I
seeke
the
Suns
declination
for
that
day
,
and
finde
it
to
be
3.
deg.
41.
min.
the
Sunn
then
going
from
the
Equator
,
I
also
searche
his
declination
for
the
next
day
being
the
21.
of
March
,
and
finde
it
to
be
4
de.
3.
min
I
then
substract
3.
deg.
41.
min.
from
4.
de.
3.
min.
and
there
resteth
22
min.
so
much
the
Sun
doth
decline
24.
howers
,
or
in
going
through
all
the
points
of
the
Compasse
.
Then
I
say
by
the
rule
of
proportion
,
if
24.
howers
giue
22.
min
of
declination
,
what
will
12.
howers
giue
,
&c.
I
multiplye
and
deuide
,
and
finde
it
to
be
11.
min.
the
Suns
declination
in
12.
howers
motion
to
be
added
to
the
declination
of
the
20.
day
,
being
the
Suns
going
from
the
Equator
,
or
for
the
points
of
the
Compasse
I
may
say
,
if
32.
points
giue
22.
min.
of
declination
,
what
will
16.
pointes
giue
,
which
is
the
distance
betweene
South
and
North
:
I
multiply
and
deuide
as
the
rule
of
proportion
requireth
,
and
finde
that
16.
points
giue
11.
min.
the
Suns
declination
,
in
mouing
through
16
,
points
of
the
Compasse
,
which
is
to
be
added
to
the
declinanation
of
the
20.
day
,
because
the
Sun
goeth
from
the
equator
,
so
I
conclude
the
declination
to
be
3.
deg.
52.
min.
the
Sun
being
North
the
20.
of
March
.
-
ho.
m.
ho.
-
24
—
22
—
12
—
11
-
12
-
—
-
44
-
22
-
—
-
264
-
-
ho.
m.
po.
m.
-
32
—
22
—
16
—
11
-
16
-
—
-
132
-
22
-
—
-
352
-
Being
West
from
the
Meridian
of
London
19
degrees
of
longitude
,
I
desire
to
know
the
Suns
declination
when
the
Sun
is
vpon
the
Meridian
the
20.
of
March
1593.
I
must
here
consider
that
90.
deg.
of
longtitude
make
6.
howers
of
time
,
for
euery
hower
containeth
15
,
deg.
whereby
I
know
that
when
the
Sun
is
South
at
London
he
is
but
East
from
me
,
for
when
it
is
12
of
the
clocke
at
London
,
it
is
but
6.
of
the
clocke
in
the
morning
with
mee
,
and
when
it
is
12.
of
the
clocke
with
me
,
it
is
then
6.
of
the
clocke
in
the
after
noone
at
London
:
therefore
I
must
seeke
for
the
declination
of
the
Sun
at
6.
of
the
clocke
in
the
afternoone
,
and
that
is
the
meridionall
declination
which
I
must
vse
,
being
90.
deg.
West
from
London
,
which
to
doe
,
the
last
example
doth
sufficiently
teach
you
,
whereby
you
may
easily
gather
the
perfect
notice
of
whatsoeuer
is
requisite
in
any
of
these
kinde
of
obseruations
,
if
you
reade
with
the
eye
of
reason
,
and
labour
to
vnderstand
with
iudgement
that
which
you
read
.
There
is
another
way
most
excellent
for
the
finding
of
the
Suns
declination
at
all
times
,
that
is
to
search
by
the
Ephimerides
the
Sunnes
true
place
in
the
Ecliptick
for
any
time
proposed
whatsoeuer
,
and
then
by
the
tables
of
Sinus
the
declination
is
thus
knowne
.
Multiply
the
Sinus
of
the
Suns
longtitude
from
the
Equinoctiall
points
of
Aries
or
Libra
,
to
which
soeuer
he
is
neerest
,
by
the
Sinus
of
the
Suns
greatest
declination
,
and
deuide
the
product
by
the
whole
Sinus
,
and
the
arke
of
the
quotient
is
the
declination
dlsircl
but
because
Seamen
are
not
acquainted
with
such
calculations
,
I
therfore
omit
to
speake
further
thereof
,
sith
this
plaine
way
before
taught
is
sufficient
for
their
purpose
.
A
necessary
Instrument
for
the
better
vnderstanding
of
such
things
as
are
required
to
the
finding
of
the
Poles
Eleuation
.
The
vse
of
this
Instrument
.
BY
this
instrument
you
may
sufficiently
vnderstand
,
the
reasons
of
whatsoeuer
is
before
spoken
for
the
finding
of
the
Poles
eleuation
,
or
the
latitude
of
your
being
:
into
the
consideration
whereof
,
because
the
yong
practiser
may
the
better
enter
,
I
think
it
not
amisse
by
a
few
examples
to
expresse
the
necessary
vse
thereof
.
1.
Q.
The
Sun
hauing
7.
degrees
of
North
declination
,
and
the
pole
Artick
being
45.
degrees
aboue
the
Horizon
,
I
demaund
what
will
be
the
Sunnes
meridionall
distance
from
my
Zenith
:
1.
A.
First
I
turne
the
Horizon
vntill
I
bring
the
North
Pole
to
be
45.
degrees
aboue
the
same
,
there
holding
the
Horizon
not
to
be
moued
,
I
then
bring
the
thnd
that
is
fastened
to
the
Center
of
the
instrument
,
7.
degrees
from
the
Equinoctiall
towards
the
North
,
because
the
Sun
hath
so
much
North
declination
,
and
the
thrid
doth
shew
me
vpon
the
verticall
circle
,
that
the
sunne
is
38.
degrees
from
my
Zenith
.
2.
Q.
The
pole
artick
being
50
deg.
aboue
the
Horizon
,
and
the
Suns
distance
30.
deg.
from
the
Zenith
,
I
demaund
what
is
the
Suns
declination
?
2.
A.
As
in
the
first
question
I
place
the
North
pole
50.
degrees
aboue
the
Horizon
,
there
holding
the
Horizon
not
to
be
moued
,
then
I
bring
the
thrid
to
the
30.
degree
vpon
the
verticall
circle
,
because
the
Sunne
is
30.
Degrees
from
my
Zenith
,
and
then
the
thrid
sheweth
vpon
the
Meridian
betweene
the
tropick
of
Cancer
and
the
Equinoctiall
,
that
the
Sunne
hath
20
degrees
of
North
declination
.
3.
Q.
The
Sunne
hauing
10.
deg.
of
South
declination
,
being
vpon
the
Meridian
,
is
53.
deg.
from
my
Zenith
,
I
demaund
what
is
the
poles
height
:
3.
A.
In
the
first
question
the
Poles
height
and
the
Sunnes
declination
are
giuen
,
fore
finding
of
the
Sunnes
meridionall
distance
from
the
Zenith
.
In
the
second
the
Poles
height
is
giuen
,
and
the
Sunnes
meridionall
distance
from
the
Zenith
,
therby
to
finde
the
Sunnes
declination
.
And
in
this
question
the
Sunnes
declination
and
meridionall
distance
is
giuen
,
for
the
finding
of
the
Poles
height
.
I
therefore
bring
the
thrid
fastned
in
the
center
of
the
instrument
10.
degrees
South
from
the
Equator
,
between
the
Equinoctiall
and
the
tropick
of
Capricorne
,
there
holding
the
third
not
to
be
moued
,
I
then
turne
the
Horizon
vntill
I
bring
the
53
,
degree
of
the
verticall
circle
vnder
the
third
,
and
then
the
Horizon
sheweth
me
,
that
the
North
pole
is
43.
degrees
aboue
the
same
.
4.
Q.
The
Sunhauing
12.
degrees
of
south
declination
,
and
being
vpon
the
Meridian
South
from
me
,
is
30.
degrees
aboue
the
Horizon
,
I
demaund
how
farre
the
Sun
is
from
my
zenith
,
how
much
the
Equinoctiall
is
aboue
the
Horizon
,
and
what
is
the
Poles
height
?
4.
A.
First
I
bring
the
third
to
the
place
of
the
Sunnes
declination
as
before
,
there
holding
it
not
to
be
moued
,
then
I
turn
the
Horizon
vntill
I
bring
it
to
be
30
deg.
vnder
the
thrid
,
and
then
the
third
sheweth
me
that
the
Sun
is
60.
deg.
from
my
zenith
,
and
the
Horizon
sheweth
that
the
Equinoctiall
is
42
deg.
aboue
the
same
,
and
that
the
North
pole
is
also
eleuated
48.
deg.
aboue
the
horizon
.
Although
these
questions
are
so
very
easie
and
plain
,
as
that
they
may
readily
be
answered
by
memory
,
yet
because
the
reasons
how
they
are
answered
may
the
better
appeare
,
is
the
cause
wherefore
they
are
demaunded
and
in
this
sort
answered
,
only
for
the
benefit
of
such
as
are
not
altogether
expert
in
these
practises
,
that
thereby
they
might
like
wise
frame
vnto
themselues
questions
of
other
varietie
,
and
so
gather
thereby
the
more
sufficient
iudgement
in
this
parte
of
Nauigation
.
What
is
the
Zenith
?
THe
Zenith
is
that
prick
or
point
in
the
heauens
which
is
directly
ouer
your
head
,
from
whence
a
line
falling
perpendicularly
,
will
touch
the
place
of
your
being
,
and
so
passe
by
the
center
of
the
sphere
,
and
this
line
may
be
called
the
Axis
of
the
Horizon
,
and
the
Zenith
the
Pole
of
the
same
being
90.
deg.
The
vse
of
the
Regiment
.
FOrasmuch
as
the
Poles
height
cannot
be
obserued
by
the
Sunne
,
vnlesse
the
Suns
true
declination
be
knowne
,
I
haue
therfore
carefully
calculated
these
Tables
or
Regiment
,
out
of
Stadius
Ephimerides
,
for
the
yeeres
1593.
94.
95.
and
1596.
which
will
serue
vntill
the
yeere
1612.
without
further
correction
:
and
because
there
may
growe
no
errour
by
mistaking
the
yeeres
,
I
haue
ouer
euery
moneth
written
the
yeere
of
the
Lord
,
in
which
the
declination
of
the
same
month
is
to
be
vsed
,
therefore
when
in
any
yeere
and
moneth
you
seeke
the
Sunnes
declination
,
firste
looke
for
the
moneth
,
and
there
you
shall
finde
4
of
those
moneths
,
which
are
the
moneths
betweene
the
Leape
yeeres
,
then
look
ouer
eche
of
those
moneths
,
vntil
you
finde
the
yeere
of
the
Lord
wherein
you
seeke
the
declination
,
and
directly
vnder
that
yere
is
the
month
wherin
you
must
seeke
the
Suns
declination
.
Example
,
1595.
the
tenth
day
of
February
I
would
know
the
Suns
declination
,
first
I
seeke
out
February
,
and
ouer
the
third
moneth
I
see
the
yeere
1595.
therefore
that
is
my
moneth
,
against
the
tenth
day
of
which
moneth
I
finde
that
the
sunne
hath
11.
degrees
10
minutes
of
south
declination
,
and
after
the
like
manner
you
must
doe
in
all
the
rest
as
occasion
requireth
.
Ianuary
.
First
.
|
Second
.
|
Third
.
|
Fourth
.
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
1593
|
1594
|
1595
|
1596
|
Yeere
of
the
Lord
|
1597
|
1598
|
1599
|
1600
|
1601
|
1602
|
1603
|
1604
|
1605
|
1606
|
1607
|
1608
|
1609
|
1610
|
1611
|
1612
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
1
|
21
|
50
|
1
|
21
|
52
|
1
|
22
|
56
|
1
|
21
|
57
|
2
|
21
|
40
|
2
|
21
|
43
|
2
|
22
|
9
|
2
|
21
|
48
|
3
|
21
|
30
|
3
|
21
|
33
|
3
|
21
|
36
|
3
|
21
|
38
|
4
|
21
|
20
|
4
|
21
|
23
|
4
|
21
|
26
|
4
|
21
|
28
|
5
|
21
|
9
|
5
|
21
|
16
|
5
|
21
|
15
|
5
|
21
|
17
|
6
|
20
|
58
|
6
|
21
|
1
|
6
|
21
|
4
|
6
|
21
|
7
|
7
|
20
|
47
|
7
|
20
|
50
|
7
|
20
|
53
|
7
|
20
|
55
|
8
|
20
|
35
|
8
|
20
|
38
|
8
|
20
|
41
|
8
|
20
|
44
|
9
|
20
|
22
|
9
|
20
|
26
|
9
|
20
|
29
|
9
|
20
|
32
|
10
|
20
|
9
|
10
|
20
|
1●
|
10
|
20
|
16
|
10
|
20
|
20
|
11
|
19
|
56
|
11
|
20
|
0
|
11
|
20
|
3
|
11
|
20
|
6
|
12
|
19
|
43
|
12
|
19
|
47
|
12
|
19
|
50
|
12
|
19
|
53
|
13
|
19
|
29
|
13
|
19
|
33
|
13
|
19
|
36
|
13
|
19
|
39
|
14
|
19
|
14
|
14
|
19
|
19
|
14
|
19
|
22
|
14
|
19
|
25
|
15
|
19
|
0
|
15
|
19
|
4
|
15
|
19
|
8
|
15
|
19
|
11
|
16
|
18
|
45
|
16
|
18
|
49
|
16
|
18
|
53
|
16
|
18
|
56
|
17
|
18
|
29
|
17
|
18
|
34
|
17
|
18
|
38
|
17
|
18
|
41
|
18
|
18
|
14
|
18
|
18
|
19
|
18
|
18
|
22
|
18
|
18
|
26
|
19
|
17
|
58
|
19
|
18
|
3
|
19
|
18
|
7
|
19
|
18
|
11
|
20
|
17
|
42
|
20
|
17
|
46
|
20
|
17
|
50
|
20
|
17
|
54
|
21
|
17
|
25
|
21
|
17
|
30
|
21
|
17
|
34
|
21
|
17
|
38
|
22
|
17
|
8
|
22
|
17
|
13
|
22
|
17
|
17
|
22
|
17
|
21
|
23
|
16
|
51
|
23
|
16
|
56
|
23
|
17
|
0
|
23
|
17
|
4
|
24
|
16
|
32
|
24
|
16
|
38
|
24
|
16
|
43
|
24
|
16
|
47
|
25
|
16
|
16
|
25
|
16
|
21
|
25
|
16
|
25
|
25
|
16
|
29
|
26
|
15
|
57
|
26
|
16
|
3
|
26
|
16
|
7
|
26
|
16
|
12
|
27
|
15
|
39
|
27
|
15
|
45
|
27
|
15
|
49
|
27
|
15
|
54
|
28
|
15
|
21
|
28
|
15
|
26
|
28
|
15
|
30
|
28
|
15
|
35
|
29
|
15
|
2
|
29
|
15
|
7
|
29
|
15
|
12
|
29
|
15
|
23
|
30
|
14
|
43
|
30
|
14
|
48
|
30
|
14
|
53
|
30
|
14
|
58
|
31
|
14
|
24
|
31
|
14
|
29
|
31
|
14
|
34
|
31
|
14
|
39
|
February
.
First
.
|
Second
.
|
Third
.
|
Fourth
.
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
1593
|
1594
|
1595
|
1596
|
1597
|
1598
|
1599
|
1600
|
1601
|
1602
|
1603
|
1604
|
1605
|
1606
|
1607
|
1608
|
1609
|
1610
|
1611
|
1612
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
1
|
14
|
4
|
1
|
14
|
9
|
1
|
14
|
14
|
1
|
14
|
19
|
2
|
13
|
44
|
2
|
13
|
50
|
2
|
13
|
54
|
2
|
14
|
0
|
3
|
13
|
24
|
3
|
13
|
29
|
3
|
1●
|
35
|
3
|
13
|
40
|
4
|
13
|
4
|
4
|
13
|
9
|
4
|
13
|
15
|
4
|
13
|
20
|
5
|
12
|
44
|
5
|
12
|
49
|
5
|
12
|
54
|
5
|
13
|
0
|
6
|
12
|
23
|
6
|
12
|
28
|
6
|
12
|
34
|
6
|
12
|
39
|
7
|
12
|
2
|
7
|
12
|
7
|
7
|
12
|
13
|
7
|
12
|
18
|
8
|
11
|
41
|
8
|
11
|
46
|
8
|
11
|
52
|
8
|
11
|
58
|
9
|
11
|
20
|
9
|
11
|
25
|
9
|
11
|
31
|
9
|
11
|
37
|
10
|
10
|
58
|
10
|
11
|
4
|
10
|
11
|
10
|
10
|
11
|
15
|
11
|
10
|
37
|
11
|
10
|
43
|
11
|
10
|
48
|
11
|
10
|
54
|
12
|
10
|
15
|
12
|
10
|
21
|
12
|
10
|
26
|
12
|
10
|
33
|
13
|
9
|
53
|
13
|
9
|
59
|
13
|
10
|
5
|
13
|
10
|
11
|
14
|
9
|
31
|
14
|
9
|
37
|
14
|
9
|
43
|
14
|
9
|
49
|
15
|
9
|
9
|
15
|
9
|
15
|
15
|
9
|
21
|
15
|
9
|
27
|
16
|
8
|
47
|
16
|
8
|
53
|
16
|
8
|
59
|
16
|
9
|
5
|
17
|
8
|
25
|
17
|
8
|
30
|
17
|
8
|
36
|
17
|
8
|
43
|
18
|
8
|
2
|
18
|
8
|
7
|
18
|
8
|
13
|
18
|
8
|
20
|
19
|
7
|
36
|
19
|
7
|
45
|
19
|
7
|
51
|
19
|
7
|
58
|
20
|
7
|
16
|
20
|
7
|
22
|
20
|
7
|
28
|
20
|
7
|
35
|
21
|
6
|
53
|
21
|
6
|
59
|
21
|
7
|
5
|
21
|
7
|
12
|
22
|
6
|
30
|
22
|
6
|
36
|
22
|
6
|
42
|
22
|
6
|
49
|
23
|
6
|
7
|
23
|
6
|
13
|
23
|
6
|
19
|
23
|
6
|
26
|
24
|
5
|
44
|
24
|
5
|
50
|
24
|
5
|
56
|
24
|
6
|
4
|
25
|
5
|
21
|
25
|
5
|
27
|
25
|
5
|
32
|
25
|
5
|
40
|
26
|
4
|
58
|
26
|
5
|
3
|
26
|
5
|
9
|
26
|
5
|
17
|
27
|
4
|
34
|
27
|
4
|
40
|
27
|
4
|
46
|
27
|
4
|
54
|
28
|
4
|
10
|
28
|
4
|
17
|
28
|
4
|
22
|
28
|
4
|
30
|
|
|
|
29
|
4
|
7
|
March
.
First
,
|
Second
.
|
Third
.
|
Fourth
.
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
1593
|
1594
|
1595
|
1596
|
1597
|
1598
|
1599
|
1600
|
1601
|
1602
|
1603
|
1604
|
1605
|
1606
|
1607
|
1608
|
1609
|
1610
|
1611
|
1612
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
1
|
3
|
47
|
1
|
3
|
53
|
1
|
3
|
59
|
1
|
3
|
43
|
2
|
3
|
24
|
2
|
3
|
29
|
2
|
3
|
35
|
2
|
3
|
19
|
3
|
3
|
0
|
3
|
3
|
6
|
3
|
3
|
12
|
3
|
2
|
56
|
4
|
2
|
36
|
4
|
2
|
42
|
4
|
2
|
48
|
4
|
2
|
32
|
5
|
2
|
13
|
5
|
2
|
18
|
5
|
2
|
25
|
5
|
2
|
9
|
6
|
1
|
49
|
6
|
1
|
55
|
6
|
2
|
1
|
6
|
1
|
45
|
7
|
1
|
25
|
7
|
1
|
31
|
7
|
1
|
37
|
7
|
1
|
22
|
8
|
1
|
2
|
8
|
1
|
11
|
8
|
1
|
14
|
8
|
0
|
59
|
9
|
0
|
39
|
9
|
0
|
47
|
9
|
0
|
50
|
9
|
0
|
34
|
10
|
0
|
15
|
10
|
0
|
●0
|
10
|
0
|
26
|
10
|
0
|
11
|
11
|
0
|
8
|
11
|
0
|
3
|
11
|
0
|
3
|
11
|
0
|
12
|
12
|
0
|
32
|
12
|
0
|
27
|
12
|
0
|
21
|
12
|
0
|
36
|
13
|
0
|
56
|
13
|
0
|
51
|
13
|
0
|
44
|
13
|
0
|
59
|
14
|
1
|
19
|
14
|
1
|
14
|
14
|
1
|
8
|
14
|
1
|
23
|
15
|
1
|
43
|
15
|
1
|
37
|
15
|
1
|
31
|
15
|
1
|
46
|
16
|
2
|
6
|
16
|
2
|
1
|
16
|
1
|
55
|
16
|
2
|
10
|
17
|
2
|
30
|
17
|
2
|
24
|
17
|
2
|
18
|
17
|
2
|
33
|
18
|
2
|
54
|
18
|
2
|
48
|
18
|
2
|
41
|
18
|
2
|
56
|
19
|
3
|
17
|
19
|
3
|
11
|
19
|
3
|
5
|
19
|
3
|
20
|
20
|
3
|
41
|
20
|
3
|
34
|
20
|
3
|
28
|
20
|
3
|
4●
|
21
|
4
|
3
|
21
|
3
|
57
|
21
|
3
|
●●
|
21
|
4
|
6
|
22
|
4
|
27
|
22
|
4
|
21
|
22
|
4
|
●●
|
22
|
4
|
29
|
23
|
4
|
50
|
23
|
4
|
44
|
23
|
4
|
38
|
23
|
4
|
52
|
24
|
5
|
13
|
24
|
5
|
7
|
24
|
5
|
1
|
24
|
5
|
15
|
25
|
5
|
36
|
25
|
5
|
30
|
25
|
5
|
24
|
25
|
5
|
38
|
26
|
5
|
59
|
26
|
5
|
52
|
26
|
5
|
47
|
26
|
6
|
1
|
27
|
6
|
21
|
27
|
6
|
15
|
27
|
6
|
10
|
27
|
6
|
23
|
28
|
6
|
44
|
28
|
6
|
38
|
28
|
6
|
32
|
28
|
6
|
46
|
29
|
7
|
6
|
29
|
7
|
1
|
29
|
6
|
55
|
29
|
7
|
8
|
30
|
7
|
29
|
30
|
7
|
23
|
30
|
7
|
18
|
30
|
7
|
30
|
31
|
7
|
51
|
31
|
7
|
46
|
31
|
7
|
40
|
31
|
7
|
52
|
Aprill
.
First
.
|
Second
.
|
Third
.
|
Fourth
.
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
1593
|
1594
|
1595
|
1596
|
1597
|
1598
|
1599
|
1600
|
1601
|
1602
|
1603
|
1604
|
1605
|
1606
|
1607
|
1608
|
1609
|
1610
|
1611
|
1612
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
1
|
8
|
13
|
1
|
8
|
8
|
1
|
8
|
10
|
1
|
8
|
15
|
2
|
8
|
35
|
2
|
8
|
30
|
2
|
8
|
25
|
2
|
8
|
37
|
3
|
8
|
57
|
3
|
8
|
52
|
3
|
8
|
47
|
3
|
8
|
58
|
4
|
9
|
19
|
4
|
9
|
14
|
4
|
9
|
9
|
4
|
9
|
19
|
5
|
9
|
41
|
5
|
9
|
36
|
5
|
9
|
30
|
5
|
9
|
41
|
6
|
10
|
2
|
6
|
9
|
57
|
6
|
9
|
52
|
6
|
10
|
2
|
7
|
10
|
23
|
7
|
10
|
18
|
7
|
10
|
13
|
7
|
10
|
23
|
8
|
10
|
44
|
8
|
10
|
40
|
8
|
10
|
34
|
8
|
10
|
44
|
9
|
11
|
5
|
9
|
11
|
1
|
9
|
10
|
55
|
9
|
11
|
5
|
10
|
11
|
25
|
10
|
11
|
21
|
10
|
11
|
16
|
10
|
11
|
25
|
11
|
11
|
45
|
11
|
11
|
42
|
11
|
11
|
36
|
11
|
11
|
46
|
12
|
12
|
6
|
12
|
12
|
2
|
12
|
11
|
56
|
12
|
12
|
6
|
13
|
12
|
26
|
13
|
12
|
22
|
13
|
12
|
16
|
13
|
12
|
26
|
14
|
12
|
46
|
14
|
12
|
45
|
14
|
12
|
36
|
14
|
12
|
46
|
15
|
13
|
6
|
15
|
13
|
3
|
15
|
12
|
56
|
15
|
13
|
5
|
16
|
13
|
25
|
16
|
13
|
23
|
16
|
13
|
16
|
16
|
13
|
25
|
17
|
13
|
44
|
17
|
13
|
42
|
17
|
13
|
35
|
17
|
13
|
44
|
18
|
14
|
4
|
18
|
14
|
1
|
18
|
13
|
55
|
18
|
14
|
3
|
19
|
14
|
22
|
19
|
14
|
20
|
19
|
14
|
14
|
19
|
14
|
22
|
20
|
14
|
41
|
20
|
14
|
38
|
20
|
14
|
32
|
20
|
14
|
40
|
21
|
14
|
59
|
21
|
14
|
58
|
21
|
14
|
51
|
21
|
14
|
59
|
22
|
15
|
17
|
22
|
15
|
15
|
22
|
15
|
9
|
22
|
15
|
17
|
23
|
15
|
35
|
23
|
15
|
33
|
23
|
15
|
27
|
23
|
15
|
35
|
24
|
15
|
53
|
24
|
15
|
50
|
24
|
15
|
45
|
24
|
15
|
52
|
25
|
16
|
10
|
25
|
16
|
8
|
25
|
16
|
2
|
25
|
16
|
9
|
26
|
16
|
27
|
26
|
16
|
25
|
26
|
26
|
19
|
26
|
16
|
27
|
27
|
16
|
44
|
27
|
16
|
42
|
27
|
16
|
36
|
27
|
16
|
4●
|
28
|
17
|
1
|
28
|
16
|
58
|
28
|
16
|
53
|
28
|
17
|
0
|
29
|
17
|
17
|
29
|
17
|
14
|
29
|
17
|
9
|
29
|
17
|
16
|
30
|
17
|
33
|
30
|
17
|
30
|
30
|
17
|
26
|
30
|
17
|
32
|
May
.
First
.
|
Second
.
|
Third
.
|
Fourth
.
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
1593
|
1594
|
1595
|
1596
|
1597
|
1598
|
1599
|
1600
|
1601
|
1602
|
1603
|
1604
|
1605
|
1606
|
1607
|
1608
|
1609
|
1610
|
1611
|
1612
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
1
|
17
|
49
|
1
|
17
|
45
|
1
|
17
|
41
|
1
|
17
|
48
|
2
|
17
|
57
|
2
|
18
|
1
|
2
|
17
|
57
|
2
|
18
|
3
|
3
|
18
|
12
|
3
|
18
|
16
|
3
|
18
|
12
|
3
|
18
|
18
|
4
|
18
|
27
|
4
|
18
|
31
|
4
|
18
|
27
|
4
|
18
|
33
|
5
|
18
|
41
|
5
|
18
|
45
|
5
|
18
|
45
|
5
|
18
|
48
|
6
|
18
|
56
|
6
|
19
|
0
|
6
|
18
|
56
|
6
|
19
|
2
|
7
|
19
|
9
|
7
|
19
|
13
|
7
|
19
|
10
|
7
|
19
|
16
|
8
|
19
|
23
|
8
|
19
|
27
|
8
|
19
|
23
|
8
|
19
|
29
|
9
|
19
|
36
|
9
|
19
|
40
|
9
|
19
|
38
|
9
|
19
|
42
|
10
|
19
|
49
|
10
|
19
|
53
|
10
|
19
|
50
|
10
|
19
|
56
|
11
|
20
|
2
|
11
|
20
|
6
|
11
|
20
|
3
|
11
|
20
|
8
|
12
|
20
|
14
|
12
|
20
|
17
|
12
|
20
|
15
|
12
|
20
|
20
|
13
|
20
|
26
|
13
|
20
|
30
|
13
|
20
|
27
|
13
|
20
|
32
|
14
|
20
|
38
|
14
|
20
|
41
|
14
|
20
|
39
|
14
|
20
|
43
|
15
|
20
|
49
|
15
|
20
|
53
|
15
|
20
|
50
|
15
|
20
|
54
|
16
|
21
|
0
|
16
|
21
|
4
|
16
|
21
|
1
|
16
|
21
|
5
|
17
|
21
|
10
|
17
|
21
|
14
|
16
|
21
|
11
|
17
|
21
|
16
|
18
|
21
|
20
|
18
|
21
|
24
|
18
|
21
|
22
|
18
|
21
|
26
|
19
|
21
|
30
|
19
|
21
|
34
|
19
|
21
|
2
|
19
|
21
|
35
|
20
|
21
|
59
|
20
|
21
|
43
|
20
|
21
|
41
|
20
|
21
|
45
|
21
|
21
|
49
|
21
|
21
|
●2
|
21
|
21
|
50
|
21
|
21
|
54
|
22
|
21
|
●7
|
22
|
22
|
0
|
22
|
21
|
●9
|
22
|
22
|
2
|
23
|
22
|
6
|
23
|
22
|
8
|
23
|
22
|
7
|
23
|
22
|
10
|
24
|
22
|
14
|
24
|
22
|
16
|
24
|
22
|
15
|
24
|
22
|
18
|
25
|
22
|
21
|
25
|
22
|
24
|
25
|
22
|
22
|
25
|
22
|
25
|
26
|
22
|
28
|
26
|
22
|
21
|
26
|
22
|
0
|
26
|
22
|
3●
|
27
|
22
|
35
|
27
|
22
|
●7
|
27
|
22
|
36
|
27
|
22
|
●9
|
28
|
22
|
41
|
28
|
22
|
4●
|
28
|
22
|
●2
|
28
|
22
|
45
|
29
|
22
|
4●
|
29
|
22
|
49
|
29
|
22
|
●8
|
29
|
22
|
●●
|
30
|
22
|
52
|
30
|
22
|
54
|
30
|
22
|
53
|
30
|
22
|
●6
|
31
|
22
|
57
|
31
|
23
|
0
|
31
|
22
|
●●
|
31
|
23
|
1
|
Iune
First
.
|
Second
.
|
Third
.
|
Fourth
.
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
1593
|
1594
|
1595
|
1596
|
1597
|
1598
|
1599
|
1600
|
1601
|
1602
|
1603
|
1604
|
1605
|
1606
|
1607
|
1608
|
1609
|
1610
|
1611
|
1612
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
1
|
2●
|
●
|
1
|
23
|
4
|
1
|
23
|
3
|
1
|
23
|
6
|
2
|
23
|
9
|
2
|
23
|
8
|
2
|
23
|
7
|
2
|
23
|
10
|
3
|
23
|
13
|
3
|
23
|
12
|
3
|
23
|
11
|
3
|
23
|
13
|
4
|
23
|
16
|
4
|
23
|
16
|
4
|
23
|
15
|
4
|
23
|
17
|
5
|
23
|
19
|
5
|
23
|
19
|
5
|
23
|
18
|
5
|
23
|
20
|
6
|
23
|
22
|
6
|
23
|
21
|
6
|
23
|
21
|
6
|
23
|
22
|
7
|
23
|
24
|
7
|
23
|
23
|
7
|
23
|
23
|
7
|
23
|
24
|
8
|
23
|
26
|
8
|
23
|
25
|
8
|
23
|
25
|
8
|
23
|
26
|
9
|
23
|
27
|
9
|
23
|
26
|
9
|
23
|
26
|
9
|
23
|
27
|
10
|
23
|
28
|
10
|
23
|
27
|
10
|
23
|
27
|
10
|
23
|
28
|
11
|
23
|
28
|
11
|
23
|
28
|
11
|
23
|
28
|
11
|
23
|
28
|
12
|
23
|
28
|
12
|
23
|
28
|
12
|
23
|
28
|
12
|
23
|
28
|
13
|
23
|
28
|
13
|
23
|
28
|
13
|
23
|
28
|
13
|
23
|
28
|
14
|
23
|
27
|
14
|
23
|
27
|
14
|
23
|
27
|
14
|
23
|
26
|
15
|
23
|
26
|
15
|
23
|
26
|
15
|
23
|
26
|
15
|
23
|
25
|
16
|
23
|
24
|
16
|
23
|
25
|
16
|
23
|
25
|
16
|
23
|
23
|
17
|
23
|
22
|
17
|
23
|
23
|
17
|
23
|
23
|
17
|
23
|
21
|
18
|
23
|
19
|
18
|
23
|
20
|
18
|
23
|
21
|
18
|
23
|
18
|
19
|
23
|
16
|
19
|
23
|
17
|
19
|
23
|
18
|
19
|
23
|
15
|
20
|
23
|
13
|
20
|
23
|
14
|
20
|
23
|
15
|
20
|
23
|
12
|
21
|
23
|
9
|
21
|
23
|
10
|
21
|
23
|
11
|
21
|
23
|
8
|
22
|
23
|
5
|
22
|
23
|
6
|
22
|
23
|
7
|
22
|
23
|
4
|
23
|
23
|
1
|
23
|
23
|
2
|
23
|
23
|
4
|
23
|
22
|
●
|
24
|
22
|
56
|
24
|
22
|
57
|
24
|
22
|
58
|
24
|
22
|
54
|
25
|
22
|
51
|
25
|
22
|
52
|
25
|
22
|
●3
|
25
|
22
|
49
|
26
|
22
|
45
|
26
|
22
|
46
|
26
|
22
|
48
|
26
|
22
|
43
|
27
|
22
|
38
|
27
|
22
|
40
|
27
|
22
|
41
|
27
|
22
|
3●
|
28
|
22
|
32
|
28
|
22
|
34
|
28
|
22
|
35
|
28
|
22
|
30
|
29
|
22
|
25
|
29
|
22
|
27
|
29
|
22
|
26
|
29
|
22
|
23
|
30
|
22
|
18
|
30
|
22
|
20
|
30
|
22
|
21
|
30
|
22
|
15
|
Iuly
.
First
.
|
Second
.
|
Third
.
|
Fourth
.
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
1593
|
1594
|
1595
|
1596
|
1597
|
1598
|
1599
|
1600
|
1601
|
1602
|
1603
|
1604
|
1605
|
1606
|
1607
|
1608
|
1609
|
1610
|
1611
|
1612
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
1
|
22
|
10
|
1
|
22
|
12
|
1
|
22
|
21
|
1
|
22
|
12
|
2
|
22
|
2
|
2
|
22
|
4
|
2
|
22
|
6
|
2
|
22
|
4
|
3
|
21
|
54
|
3
|
21
|
56
|
3
|
21
|
58
|
3
|
21
|
56
|
4
|
21
|
45
|
4
|
21
|
47
|
4
|
21
|
49
|
4
|
21
|
47
|
5
|
21
|
35
|
5
|
21
|
38
|
5
|
21
|
40
|
5
|
21
|
38
|
6
|
21
|
26
|
6
|
21
|
28
|
6
|
21
|
●●
|
6
|
21
|
28
|
7
|
21
|
16
|
7
|
21
|
19
|
7
|
21
|
21
|
7
|
21
|
19
|
8
|
21
|
6
|
8
|
21
|
6
|
8
|
21
|
11
|
8
|
21
|
2
|
9
|
20
|
55
|
9
|
20
|
58
|
9
|
21
|
0
|
9
|
20
|
52
|
10
|
20
|
44
|
10
|
20
|
47
|
10
|
20
|
49
|
10
|
20
|
40
|
11
|
20
|
33
|
11
|
20
|
36
|
11
|
20
|
38
|
11
|
20
|
29
|
12
|
20
|
21
|
12
|
20
|
24
|
12
|
20
|
26
|
12
|
20
|
17
|
13
|
20
|
9
|
13
|
20
|
12
|
13
|
20
|
14
|
●3
|
20
|
5
|
14
|
19
|
57
|
14
|
20
|
0
|
14
|
20
|
6
|
14
|
19
|
52
|
15
|
19
|
44
|
15
|
19
|
47
|
15
|
19
|
49
|
15
|
19
|
4
|
16
|
19
|
31
|
16
|
19
|
34
|
16
|
19
|
36
|
16
|
19
|
27
|
17
|
19
|
17
|
17
|
19
|
20
|
17
|
19
|
23
|
17
|
19
|
13
|
18
|
19
|
4
|
18
|
19
|
7
|
18
|
19
|
10
|
18
|
18
|
59
|
19
|
18
|
42
|
19
|
18
|
53
|
19
|
18
|
56
|
19
|
18
|
45
|
20
|
18
|
35
|
20
|
18
|
38
|
20
|
18
|
43
|
20
|
18
|
31
|
21
|
18
|
21
|
21
|
18
|
24
|
21
|
18
|
28
|
21
|
18
|
16
|
22
|
18
|
6
|
22
|
18
|
9
|
22
|
18
|
13
|
22
|
18
|
1
|
23
|
17
|
51
|
23
|
17
|
54
|
23
|
17
|
58
|
23
|
17
|
47
|
24
|
17
|
35
|
24
|
17
|
38
|
24
|
17
|
42
|
24
|
17
|
30
|
25
|
17
|
19
|
25
|
17
|
23
|
25
|
17
|
26
|
25
|
17
|
14
|
26
|
17
|
3
|
26
|
17
|
6
|
26
|
17
|
11
|
26
|
16
|
58
|
27
|
16
|
47
|
27
|
16
|
50
|
27
|
16
|
55
|
27
|
16
|
42
|
28
|
16
|
30
|
28
|
16
|
33
|
28
|
16
|
38
|
28
|
16
|
25
|
29
|
16
|
13
|
29
|
16
|
17
|
29
|
16
|
21
|
29
|
16
|
8
|
30
|
15
|
56
|
30
|
16
|
0
|
30
|
16
|
4
|
30
|
15
|
51
|
31
|
15
|
39
|
31
|
15
|
42
|
31
|
15
|
47
|
31
|
15
|
33
|
August
.
First
.
|
Second
.
|
Third
.
|
Fourth
.
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
1593
|
1594
|
1595
|
1596
|
1597
|
1598
|
1599
|
1600
|
1601
|
1602
|
1603
|
1604
|
1605
|
1606
|
1607
|
1608
|
1609
|
1610
|
1611
|
1612
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
1
|
15
|
21
|
1
|
15
|
25
|
1
|
15
|
30
|
1
|
15
|
15
|
2
|
15
|
3
|
2
|
15
|
7
|
2
|
15
|
12
|
2
|
14
|
57
|
3
|
14
|
45
|
3
|
14
|
49
|
3
|
14
|
54
|
3
|
14
|
39
|
4
|
14
|
27
|
4
|
14
|
31
|
4
|
14
|
36
|
4
|
14
|
20
|
5
|
14
|
8
|
5
|
14
|
12
|
5
|
14
|
18
|
5
|
14
|
2
|
6
|
13
|
49
|
6
|
13
|
53
|
6
|
13
|
59
|
6
|
13
|
43
|
7
|
13
|
●0
|
7
|
13
|
34
|
7
|
13
|
40
|
7
|
13
|
24
|
8
|
13
|
9
|
8
|
13
|
15
|
8
|
13
|
2
|
8
|
13
|
5
|
9
|
12
|
51
|
9
|
12
|
56
|
9
|
13
|
2
|
9
|
12
|
4●
|
10
|
12
|
31
|
10
|
12
|
36
|
10
|
12
|
42
|
10
|
12
|
25
|
11
|
12
|
12
|
11
|
12
|
16
|
11
|
12
|
23
|
11
|
12
|
5
|
12
|
11
|
52
|
12
|
11
|
56
|
12
|
12
|
●
|
12
|
11
|
41
|
13
|
11
|
32
|
13
|
11
|
36
|
13
|
11
|
42
|
13
|
11
|
25
|
14
|
11
|
11
|
14
|
11
|
16
|
14
|
11
|
22
|
14
|
11
|
4
|
15
|
10
|
51
|
15
|
10
|
59
|
15
|
11
|
2
|
15
|
10
|
44
|
16
|
10
|
●0
|
16
|
10
|
35
|
16
|
10
|
41
|
16
|
10
|
23
|
17
|
10
|
9
|
17
|
10
|
14
|
17
|
10
|
20
|
17
|
10
|
2
|
18
|
9
|
48
|
18
|
9
|
53
|
18
|
9
|
59
|
18
|
9
|
41
|
19
|
9
|
27
|
19
|
9
|
31
|
19
|
9
|
39
|
19
|
9
|
19
|
20
|
9
|
5
|
20
|
9
|
10
|
20
|
9
|
16
|
20
|
8
|
58
|
21
|
8
|
44
|
21
|
8
|
49
|
21
|
8
|
55
|
21
|
8
|
35
|
22
|
8
|
22
|
22
|
8
|
27
|
22
|
8
|
33
|
22
|
8
|
15
|
23
|
8
|
0
|
23
|
8
|
●
|
23
|
8
|
11
|
23
|
7
|
53
|
24
|
7
|
38
|
24
|
7
|
43
|
24
|
7
|
50
|
24
|
7
|
31
|
25
|
7
|
16
|
25
|
7
|
21
|
25
|
7
|
28
|
25
|
7
|
9
|
26
|
6
|
53
|
26
|
6
|
●9
|
26
|
7
|
5
|
26
|
6
|
47
|
27
|
6
|
31
|
2●
|
6
|
36
|
27
|
6
|
43
|
27
|
6
|
25
|
2●
|
6
|
9
|
28
|
6
|
14
|
28
|
6
|
20
|
28
|
6
|
1
|
29
|
5
|
46
|
29
|
5
|
51
|
29
|
5
|
57
|
29
|
5
|
39
|
30
|
5
|
23
|
30
|
5
|
29
|
30
|
5
|
31
|
30
|
5
|
16
|
31
|
5
|
0
|
31
|
5
|
6
|
31
|
5
|
12
|
31
|
4
|
53
|
September
.
First
.
|
Second
.
|
Third
.
|
Fourth
.
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
1593
|
1594
|
1595
|
1596
|
1597
|
1598
|
1599
|
1600
|
1601
|
1602
|
1603
|
1604
|
1605
|
1606
|
1607
|
1608
|
1609
|
1610
|
1611
|
1612
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
1
|
4
|
38
|
1
|
4
|
42
|
1
|
4
|
49
|
1
|
4
|
43
|
2
|
4
|
14
|
2
|
4
|
20
|
2
|
4
|
26
|
2
|
4
|
20
|
3
|
3
|
51
|
3
|
3
|
56
|
3
|
4
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
57
|
4
|
3
|
28
|
4
|
3
|
33
|
4
|
3
|
39
|
4
|
3
|
34
|
5
|
3
|
5
|
5
|
3
|
10
|
5
|
3
|
16
|
5
|
3
|
12
|
6
|
2
|
37
|
6
|
2
|
47
|
6
|
2
|
53
|
6
|
2
|
47
|
7
|
2
|
18
|
7
|
2
|
23
|
7
|
2
|
29
|
7
|
2
|
24
|
8
|
1
|
55
|
8
|
2
|
0
|
8
|
2
|
6
|
8
|
2
|
1
|
9
|
1
|
31
|
9
|
1
|
37
|
9
|
1
|
43
|
9
|
1
|
37
|
10
|
1
|
8
|
10
|
1
|
13
|
10
|
1
|
19
|
10
|
1
|
14
|
11
|
0
|
45
|
11
|
●
|
49
|
11
|
0
|
56
|
11
|
0
|
51
|
12
|
0
|
21
|
12
|
0
|
●6
|
12
|
0
|
32
|
12
|
0
|
27
|
13
|
0
|
2
|
13
|
0
|
3●
|
13
|
0
|
9
|
13
|
0
|
3
|
14
|
0
|
25
|
14
|
0
|
21
|
14
|
0
|
15
|
14
|
0
|
20
|
15
|
0
|
48
|
15
|
0
|
44
|
15
|
0
|
38
|
15
|
0
|
43
|
16
|
1
|
12
|
16
|
1
|
8
|
16
|
1
|
2
|
16
|
1
|
7
|
17
|
1
|
35
|
17
|
1
|
31
|
17
|
1
|
25
|
17
|
1
|
30
|
18
|
1
|
58
|
18
|
1
|
55
|
18
|
1
|
48
|
18
|
1
|
54
|
19
|
2
|
22
|
19
|
2
|
18
|
19
|
2
|
12
|
19
|
2
|
17
|
20
|
2
|
45
|
20
|
2
|
45
|
20
|
2
|
35
|
20
|
2
|
41
|
21
|
3
|
9
|
21
|
3
|
5
|
21
|
2
|
59
|
21
|
3
|
4
|
22
|
3
|
32
|
22
|
3
|
28
|
22
|
3
|
22
|
22
|
3
|
27
|
23
|
3
|
55
|
23
|
3
|
51
|
23
|
3
|
45
|
23
|
3
|
50
|
24
|
4
|
18
|
24
|
4
|
15
|
24
|
4
|
9
|
24
|
4
|
14
|
25
|
4
|
41
|
25
|
4
|
38
|
25
|
4
|
32
|
25
|
4
|
37
|
26
|
5
|
4
|
26
|
5
|
1
|
26
|
4
|
55
|
26
|
5
|
0
|
27
|
5
|
27
|
27
|
5
|
23
|
27
|
5
|
18
|
27
|
5
|
23
|
28
|
5
|
51
|
28
|
5
|
46
|
28
|
5
|
41
|
28
|
5
|
46
|
29
|
6
|
14
|
29
|
6
|
9
|
29
|
6
|
4
|
29
|
6
|
8
|
30
|
6
|
36
|
30
|
6
|
32
|
30
|
6
|
26
|
30
|
6
|
31
|
October
.
First
.
|
Second
.
|
Third
.
|
Fourth
.
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
1593
|
1594
|
1595
|
1596
|
1597
|
1598
|
1599
|
1600
|
1601
|
1602
|
1603
|
1604
|
1605
|
1606
|
1607
|
1608
|
1609
|
1610
|
1611
|
1612
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
1
|
7
|
0
|
1
|
6
|
54
|
1
|
6
|
48
|
1
|
6
|
53
|
2
|
7
|
22
|
2
|
7
|
17
|
2
|
7
|
11
|
2
|
7
|
16
|
3
|
7
|
44
|
3
|
7
|
39
|
3
|
7
|
33
|
3
|
7
|
38
|
4
|
8
|
7
|
4
|
8
|
1
|
4
|
7
|
55
|
4
|
8
|
1
|
5
|
8
|
29
|
5
|
8
|
24
|
5
|
8
|
18
|
5
|
8
|
23
|
6
|
8
|
51
|
6
|
8
|
46
|
6
|
8
|
40
|
6
|
8
|
45
|
7
|
9
|
13
|
7
|
9
|
8
|
7
|
9
|
2
|
7
|
9
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
36
|
8
|
9
|
30
|
8
|
9
|
24
|
8
|
9
|
30
|
9
|
9
|
58
|
9
|
9
|
52
|
9
|
9
|
42
|
9
|
9
|
52
|
10
|
10
|
19
|
10
|
10
|
13
|
10
|
10
|
8
|
10
|
10
|
13
|
11
|
10
|
41
|
11
|
10
|
35
|
11
|
10
|
39
|
11
|
10
|
35
|
12
|
11
|
2
|
12
|
11
|
0
|
12
|
10
|
51
|
12
|
10
|
56
|
13
|
11
|
23
|
13
|
11
|
18
|
13
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
11
|
17
|
14
|
11
|
45
|
14
|
11
|
39
|
14
|
11
|
33
|
14
|
11
|
39
|
15
|
12
|
5
|
15
|
12
|
0
|
15
|
11
|
54
|
15
|
11
|
59
|
16
|
12
|
26
|
16
|
12
|
21
|
16
|
12
|
15
|
16
|
12
|
20
|
17
|
12
|
47
|
17
|
12
|
41
|
17
|
12
|
36
|
17
|
12
|
41
|
18
|
13
|
7
|
18
|
13
|
1
|
18
|
12
|
56
|
18
|
13
|
1
|
19
|
13
|
27
|
19
|
13
|
22
|
19
|
13
|
17
|
19
|
13
|
21
|
20
|
13
|
47
|
20
|
13
|
41
|
20
|
13
|
36
|
20
|
13
|
41
|
21
|
14
|
6
|
21
|
14
|
1
|
21
|
13
|
56
|
21
|
14
|
1
|
22
|
14
|
26
|
22
|
14
|
21
|
22
|
14
|
16
|
22
|
14
|
17
|
23
|
14
|
45
|
23
|
14
|
40
|
23
|
14
|
●5
|
23
|
14
|
39
|
24
|
15
|
4
|
24
|
14
|
59
|
24
|
14
|
54
|
24
|
14
|
58
|
25
|
15
|
23
|
25
|
15
|
17
|
25
|
15
|
13
|
25
|
15
|
17
|
26
|
15
|
41
|
26
|
15
|
36
|
26
|
15
|
31
|
26
|
15
|
35
|
27
|
15
|
59
|
27
|
15
|
54
|
27
|
15
|
50
|
27
|
15
|
54
|
28
|
16
|
17
|
28
|
16
|
12
|
28
|
16
|
8
|
28
|
16
|
12
|
29
|
16
|
35
|
29
|
16
|
30
|
29
|
16
|
25
|
29
|
16
|
29
|
30
|
16
|
52
|
30
|
16
|
47
|
30
|
16
|
43
|
30
|
16
|
47
|
31
|
17
|
9
|
31
|
17
|
4
|
31
|
17
|
0
|
31
|
17
|
4
|
Nouember
.
First
.
|
Second
.
|
Third
.
|
Fourth
.
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
1593
|
1594
|
1595
|
1596
|
1597
|
1598
|
1599
|
1600
|
1601
|
1602
|
1603
|
1604
|
1605
|
1606
|
1607
|
1608
|
1609
|
1610
|
1611
|
1612
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M
▪
|
1
|
17
|
26
|
1
|
17
|
21
|
1
|
17
|
17
|
1
|
17
|
36
|
2
|
17
|
42
|
2
|
17
|
38
|
2
|
17
|
33
|
2
|
17
|
53
|
3
|
17
|
58
|
3
|
17
|
54
|
3
|
17
|
49
|
3
|
18
|
9
|
4
|
18
|
14
|
4
|
18
|
9
|
4
|
18
|
6
|
4
|
18
|
25
|
5
|
18
|
29
|
5
|
18
|
25
|
5
|
18
|
22
|
5
|
18
|
41
|
6
|
18
|
44
|
6
|
18
|
40
|
6
|
18
|
37
|
6
|
18
|
55
|
7
|
18
|
59
|
7
|
18
|
55
|
7
|
18
|
52
|
7
|
19
|
10
|
8
|
19
|
14
|
8
|
19
|
10
|
8
|
19
|
6
|
8
|
19
|
24
|
9
|
19
|
26
|
9
|
19
|
24
|
9
|
19
|
21
|
9
|
19
|
38
|
10
|
19
|
42
|
10
|
19
|
36
|
10
|
19
|
35
|
10
|
19
|
52
|
11
|
19
|
45
|
11
|
19
|
52
|
11
|
19
|
48
|
11
|
20
|
5
|
12
|
20
|
8
|
12
|
20
|
5
|
12
|
20
|
7
|
12
|
20
|
18
|
13
|
20
|
21
|
13
|
20
|
18
|
13
|
20
|
14
|
13
|
20
|
30
|
14
|
20
|
34
|
14
|
20
|
30
|
14
|
20
|
27
|
14
|
20
|
43
|
15
|
20
|
46
|
15
|
20
|
42
|
15
|
20
|
39
|
15
|
20
|
54
|
16
|
20
|
57
|
16
|
20
|
54
|
16
|
20
|
51
|
16
|
21
|
6
|
17
|
21
|
8
|
17
|
21
|
5
|
17
|
21
|
3
|
17
|
21
|
17
|
18
|
21
|
19
|
18
|
21
|
16
|
18
|
21
|
14
|
18
|
21
|
27
|
19
|
21
|
29
|
19
|
21
|
27
|
19
|
21
|
24
|
19
|
21
|
37
|
20
|
21
|
39
|
20
|
21
|
37
|
20
|
21
|
35
|
20
|
21
|
47
|
21
|
21
|
49
|
21
|
21
|
47
|
21
|
21
|
44
|
21
|
21
|
56
|
22
|
21
|
58
|
22
|
21
|
56
|
22
|
21
|
54
|
22
|
22
|
5
|
23
|
22
|
7
|
23
|
22
|
5
|
23
|
22
|
3
|
23
|
22
|
14
|
24
|
22
|
15
|
24
|
22
|
21
|
24
|
22
|
11
|
24
|
22
|
21
|
25
|
22
|
23
|
25
|
22
|
14
|
25
|
22
|
19
|
25
|
22
|
29
|
26
|
22
|
31
|
26
|
22
|
29
|
26
|
22
|
27
|
26
|
22
|
36
|
27
|
22
|
38
|
27
|
22
|
37
|
27
|
22
|
34
|
27
|
22
|
43
|
28
|
22
|
44
|
28
|
22
|
43
|
28
|
22
|
41
|
28
|
22
|
49
|
29
|
22
|
50
|
29
|
22
|
49
|
29
|
22
|
47
|
29
|
22
|
55
|
30
|
22
|
56
|
30
|
22
|
54
|
30
|
22
|
53
|
30
|
23
|
0
|
December
.
First
.
|
Second
.
|
Third
.
|
Fourth
.
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
1593
|
1594
|
1595
|
1596
|
1597
|
1598
|
1599
|
1600
|
1601
|
1602
|
1603
|
1604
|
1605
|
1606
|
1607
|
1608
|
1609
|
1610
|
1611
|
1612
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
D.
G.
M.
|
1
|
23
|
1
|
1
|
23
|
0
|
1
|
22
|
58
|
1
|
23
|
5
|
2
|
23
|
6
|
2
|
23
|
5
|
2
|
23
|
4
|
2
|
23
|
10
|
3
|
23
|
10
|
3
|
23
|
9
|
3
|
23
|
8
|
3
|
23
|
14
|
4
|
23
|
14
|
4
|
23
|
13
|
4
|
23
|
12
|
4
|
23
|
17
|
5
|
23
|
17
|
5
|
23
|
17
|
5
|
23
|
16
|
5
|
23
|
20
|
6
|
23
|
20
|
6
|
23
|
20
|
6
|
23
|
9
|
6
|
23
|
22
|
7
|
23
|
23
|
7
|
23
|
22
|
7
|
23
|
22
|
7
|
23
|
25
|
8
|
23
|
25
|
8
|
23
|
25
|
8
|
23
|
24
|
8
|
23
|
26
|
9
|
23
|
26
|
9
|
23
|
26
|
9
|
23
|
26
|
9
|
23
|
27
|
10
|
23
|
27
|
10
|
23
|
27
|
10
|
23
|
27
|
10
|
23
|
28
|
11
|
23
|
28
|
11
|
23
|
28
|
11
|
23
|
28
|
11
|
23
|
28
|
12
|
23
|
28
|
12
|
23
|
28
|
12
|
23
|
28
|
12
|
23
|
28
|
13
|
23
|
28
|
13
|
23
|
28
|
13
|
23
|
28
|
13
|
23
|
27
|
14
|
23
|
27
|
14
|
23
|
27
|
14
|
23
|
27
|
14
|
23
|
26
|
15
|
23
|
26
|
15
|
23
|
26
|
15
|
23
|
26
|
15
|
23
|
24
|
16
|
23
|
24
|
16
|
23
|
24
|
16
|
23
|
25
|
16
|
23
|
21
|
17
|
23
|
21
|
17
|
23
|
22
|
17
|
23
|
23
|
17
|
23
|
18
|
18
|
23
|
19
|
18
|
23
|
20
|
18
|
23
|
20
|
18
|
23
|
15
|
19
|
23
|
16
|
19
|
23
|
17
|
19
|
23
|
17
|
19
|
23
|
12
|
20
|
23
|
12
|
20
|
23
|
13
|
20
|
23
|
14
|
20
|
23
|
8
|
21
|
23
|
8
|
21
|
23
|
7
|
21
|
23
|
10
|
21
|
23
|
6
|
22
|
23
|
●
|
22
|
23
|
4
|
22
|
23
|
5
|
22
|
22
|
57
|
23
|
22
|
58
|
23
|
22
|
59
|
23
|
23
|
1
|
23
|
22
|
52
|
24
|
22
|
52
|
24
|
22
|
54
|
24
|
22
|
56
|
24
|
22
|
46
|
25
|
22
|
47
|
25
|
22
|
48
|
25
|
22
|
50
|
25
|
22
|
40
|
26
|
22
|
40
|
26
|
22
|
42
|
26
|
22
|
43
|
26
|
22
|
33
|
27
|
22
|
36
|
27
|
22
|
35
|
27
|
22
|
37
|
27
|
22
|
25
|
28
|
22
|
30
|
28
|
22
|
28
|
28
|
22
|
30
|
28
|
22
|
18
|
29
|
22
|
22
|
29
|
22
|
20
|
29
|
22
|
22
|
29
|
22
|
9
|
30
|
22
|
14
|
30
|
22
|
12
|
30
|
22
|
14
|
30
|
22
|
0
|
31
|
22
|
6
|
31
|
22
|
4
|
31
|
22
|
6
|
31
|
21
|
52
|
What
is
the
Sea
Chart
?
THe
Sea
Chart
is
a
speciall
instrument
for
the
Seamans
vse
,
whereby
the
hidrographicall
description
of
the
Occean
Seas
,
with
the
answerable
geopraphicall
limits
of
the
earth
,
are
supposed
to
be
in
such
sort
giuen
,
as
that
the
longitudes
and
latitudes
of
all
places
,
with
the
true
distance
and
course
betweene
place
and
place
might
thereby
be
truely
knowne
.
But
because
there
is
no
proportionable
agreement
betweene
a
Globus
superficies
and
a
plaine
superficies
,
therefore
a
Chart
doth
not
expresse
that
certaintie
of
the
premisses
which
is
thereby
pretended
to
be
giuen
,
for
things
are
best
described
vpon
bodies
agreeable
to
their
owne
forme
.
And
whereas
in
the
true
nature
of
the
Sphere
there
can
be
no
perallelles
described
but
the
East
and
West
courses
onely
,
the
rest
of
the
courses
being
concurued
lines
,
ascendent
toward
the
Poles
,
the
Meridians
all
concurring
and
ioyning
together
in
the
Poles
,
notwithstanding
in
the
Sea
Chart
all
those
courses
are
described
as
perallells
,
without
any
diuersitie
,
alteration
,
or
distinction
to
the
contrary
,
whereby
the
instrument
is
apparantly
faultie
:
yet
it
cannot
be
denyed
but
Charts
for
short
courses
are
to
very
good
purpose
for
the
Pilots
vse
,
and
in
long
courses
,
be
the
distance
neuer
so
farre
,
if
the
Pilote
returne
by
the
same
course
,
whereby
in
the
first
he
prosecuted
his
voyage
,
his
Chart
will
be
without
errour
,
as
an
instrument
of
very
great
commoditie
:
but
if
he
returne
by
any
other
way
,
then
by
that
which
hee
went
foorth
,
the
imperfections
of
the
Chart
will
then
appeare
to
be
very
great
,
especially
if
the
voyage
be
long
,
or
that
the
same
be
in
the
North
partes
of
the
worlde
,
the
farther
towards
the
North
,
the
more
imperfect
:
therefore
there
is
no
instrument
answerable
to
the
Globe
or
peradoxall
Chart
,
for
all
courses
and
climats
whatsoeuer
,
by
whom
all
desired
truth
is
most
plentifully
manifested
,
as
shall
hereafter
at
large
be
declared
:
but
for
the
costing
of
any
shore
or
countrie
,
or
for
shorte
voyages
,
there
is
no
instrument
more
conuenient
for
the
Seamans
vse
,
then
the
well
described
Sea
Chart.
What
is
the
vse
of
the
sea
Chart
?
BY
the
directions
of
the
sea
chart
,
the
skilful
Pilote
conuaieth
his
ship
from
place
to
place
,
by
such
courses
as
by
the
chart
are
made
known
vnto
him
,
together
with
the
helpe
of
his
Compasse
or
Crosse
staffe
as
before
is
shewed
,
for
the
Crosse
staffe
,
the
Compasse
and
Chart
,
are
so
necessarily
ioyned
together
,
as
that
the
one
may
not
well
be
without
the
other
,
in
the
execution
of
the
practises
of
Nauigation
:
for
as
the
Chart
sheweth
the
courses
,
so
doth
the
compasse
direct
the
same
,
and
the
Crosse
staffe
by
euery
perticutar
obserued
latitude
doth
confirme
the
truth
of
such
caurses
,
and
also
giueth
the
certaine
distance
that
the
Ship
hath
sayled
vpon
the
same
.
And
in
the
vse
or
vnderstanding
of
the
Sea
Chart
there
are
fiue
thinges
cheefely
to
be
regarded
.
The
first
is
,
that
the
Countries
or
geographie
of
the
Chart
be
knowne
,
with
euery
Cape
,
Promontery
,
Port
,
Hauen
,
Bay
,
Sands
,
Rocks
,
and
dangers
therein
contained
.
Secondly
,
that
the
lines
drawne
vpon
the
Chart
,
with
their
seuerall
properties
be
likewise
vnderstoode
.
Thirdly
,
that
the
latitudes
of
such
places
as
are
within
the
Chart
be
also
knowne
,
as
by
the
Chart
they
are
expressed
.
Fourthly
,
that
you
be
able
to
measure
the
distances
betweene
place
and
place
vpon
the
Chart.
And
fiftly
,
the
Seaman
must
be
able
by
his
Chart
to
know
the
true
courses
betweene
any
les
,
contenents
,
or
Capes
whatsoeuer
,
for
by
these
fiue
diuersities
,
the
Chart
is
to
be
vsed
in
the
skill
of
Nauigation
.
How
is
the
latitude
of
places
knowne
by
the
Chart
?
THe
latitude
is
thus
found
by
the
Chart
,
vpon
the
place
whose
latitude
you
desire
to
know
,
set
one
foot
of
your
compasses
,
then
stretch
the
other
foote
to
the
next
East
and
West
line
(
for
that
line
is
your
director
)
keeping
that
foote
still
vpon
the
same
line
,
moue
your
hand
and
Compasses
East
or
West
as
occasion
requireth
,
vntill
you
bring
the
Compasses
to
the
graduated
Meridian
,
and
there
that
foote
of
the
Compasses
which
stoode
vpon
the
place
whose
latitude
you
would
know
,
dooth
shewe
the
latitude
of
the
same
place
.
How
is
the
course
betweene
place
and
place
knowne
?
WHen
there
are
two
places
assigned
,
the
course
betweene
which
you
desire
to
know
,
set
one
foote
of
your
Compasses
vpon
one
of
the
places
,
then
by
discretion
consider
the
lines
that
lead
toward
the
other
place
,
stretching
the
other
foote
of
the
Compasses
to
one
of
those
lines
,
and
to
that
part
of
the
line
which
is
neerest
to
you
,
keeping
that
foote
still
upon
the
same
line
,
moue
your
hand
and
Compasses
toward
the
other
place
,
and
see
whether
the
other
foot
of
the
Compasses
that
stood
vpon
the
first
place
,
doe
by
this
direction
touch
the
second
place
,
which
if
it
doe
,
then
that
line
wherupon
you
kept
the
one
foote
of
your
Compasses
,
is
the
course
betweene
those
places
:
but
if
it
touch
not
the
place
,
you
must
by
discretion
search
vntill
you
finde
a
line
,
whereupon
keeping
the
one
foote
of
the
Compasses
,
will
lead
the
other
foote
directly
from
the
one
place
to
the
other
,
for
that
is
the
course
betweene
those
two
places
.
How
is
the
distance
of
places
found
vpon
the
Chart
?
IF
the
places
be
not
farre
asunder
,
stretch
a
paire
of
Compasses
betweene
them
,
setting
the
one
foote
of
the
compasses
vpon
one
of
the
places
,
and
the
other
vpon
the
other
place
,
then
not
altering
the
compasses
,
set
them
vpon
the
graduated
Meridian
of
your
Chart
,
and
allowing
20.
leags
for
euery
degree
that
is
contained
betweene
the
2.
feet
of
your
Compasses
,
the
distance
desired
is
therby
knowne
:
if
betweene
the
places
there
be
5.
degrees
,
then
they
are
100.
leages
asunder
,
&c.
But
if
the
distance
betweene
the
places
be
so
great
,
as
that
the
compasses
cannot
reach
betweene
them
,
then
take
out
5.
degrees
with
your
compasses
which
is
100.
leages
,
and
therewith
you
may
measure
the
distance
as
practise
will
teach
you
.
There
is
also
in
euery
Chart
a
scale
of
leages
laide
downe
,
whereby
you
may
measure
distances
,
as
commonly
is
vsed
.
How
doth
the
Pilote
order
these
matters
,
thereby
to
conduct
his
Ship
from
place
to
place
?
THe
Pilote
in
the
execution
of
this
parte
of
Nauigation
,
doth
with
carefull
regarde
consider
three
especiall
thinges
,
whereupon
the
full
practises
are
grounded
.
-
1
Of
which
the
first
is
,
the
good
obseruation
of
his
latitude
which
how
it
may
be
knowne
is
before
sufficiently
expressed
.
-
2
The
second
is
a
carefull
regarde
vnto
his
steredge
,
with
very
diligent
examination
of
the
truth
of
his
Compasse
,
that
it
be
without
variation
or
other
impediments
.
-
3
And
the
third
is
a
carefull
consideration
of
the
number
of
leags
that
the
Ship
saileth
in
euery
houre
or
watch
,
to
the
neerest
estimation
that
possibly
he
can
giue
,
for
any
two
of
these
three
practises
being
truely
giuen
,
the
third
is
therby
likewise
knowne
.
As
by
the
Corse
and
height
the
distance
is
manifested
,
by
the
distance
and
Corse
the
height
is
knowne
:
by
the
height
and
distance
the
Corse
is
giuen
,
of
which
3.
thinges
the
Pilote
hath
onely
his
height
in
certaintie
:
the
corse
is
somewhat
doubtfull
,
and
the
distance
is
but
barely
supposed
,
notwithstanding
from
his
altitude
and
corse
he
concludeth
the
truth
of
his
practise
,
proceeding
in
this
sort
.
First
he
considereth
in
what
latitude
the
place
standeth
from
whence
hee
shapeth
his
Corse
,
which
for
an
example
shal
be
the
Lyzart
standing
in
50.
degrees
of
septentrionall
latitude
,
then
directing
his
corse
S.
w.
saileth
3.
or
4.
daies
or
longer
in
such
thick
weather
,
as
that
he
is
not
able
to
make
any
obseraution
of
the
Poles
altitude
,
in
which
time
he
omitteth
not
to
keepe
an
accompt
how
many
leages
the
ship
hath
sailed
vpon
that
corse
as
neere
as
he
can
gesse
,
which
number
of
leages
in
this
example
shal
be
100.
according
to
his
iuugement
:
then
hauing
conuenient
weather
,
he
obserueth
in
what
latititude
he
is
,
and
findeth
himselfe
to
be
in
47.
degrees
,
now
with
his
compasses
he
taketh
the
distance
of
100.
leages
,
which
is
the
quantitie
of
the
Ships
runne
by
his
supposition
,
and
then
setting
one
foote
of
the
compasses
vpon
the
Lizart
,
which
is
the
place
from
whence
hee
began
his
corse
,
and
directly
S.
W.
from
the
same
he
setteth
the
other
point
of
the
compasses
,
by
the
direction
of
another
paire
of
compasses
,
in
such
sorce
as
corses
are
found
,
and
there
he
maketh
a
prick
for
the
place
of
his
ships
being
,
according
to
his
reconing
and
Corse
.
And
now
searching
whether
it
doe
agree
with
his
height
,
(
for
the
height
,
corse
,
and
distance
,
must
all
agree
together
)
he
findeth
that
his
prick
standeth
in
46.
degrees
,
29.
minutes
,
but
it
should
stand
in
47.
degrees
,
to
agree
with
his
obseruation
.
Therefore
perceiuing
that
he
hath
giuen
the
ship
too
much
way
,
he
bringeth
his
corse
and
obserued
altitude
to
agree
,
and
then
hee
seeth
that
his
ship
hath
sailed
but
85.
leages
,
and
there
he
layeth
downe
a
prick
for
the
true
place
of
his
ships
being
,
according
to
his
corse
and
latitude
,
for
so
by
his
corse
and
height
he
findeth
the
truth
of
his
distance
,
and
reproueth
his
supposed
accompt
to
be
15.
leags
too
much
:
and
after
this
sort
he
proceedeth
from
place
to
place
,
vntill
he
ariue
vnto
his
desired
porte
:
which
is
a
conclusion
infallible
if
there
be
no
other
impediments
,
(
whereof
there
hath
not
been
good
consideration
had
)
which
may
breede
errour
,
for
from
such
negligence
there
may
arise
many
inconueniences
.
What
may
those
impediments
be
?
BY
experience
at
the
Sea
we
finde
many
impediments
that
so
disturb
the
expected
conclusion
of
our
practises
,
as
that
they
agree
not
with
the
true
positions
of
arte
.
For
,
first
it
is
a
matter
not
common
to
haue
the
winde
so
beneficiall
,
as
that
a
ship
may
saile
thereby
,
betweene
any
two
assigned
places
vpon
the
direct
corse
,
but
that
by
the
contrarietie
of
windes
,
she
may
be
constrained
to
trauers
vpon
all
the
points
of
the
Compasse
,
(
the
nature
whereof
I
haue
before
sufficiently
expressed
.
Secondly
,
although
the
winde
may
in
some
sorte
fauour
,
yet
the
ship
may
haue
such
a
leward
condition
,
as
that
she
may
make
her
way
2.
or
3.
pointes
from
her
caping
.
Thirdly
,
the
steredge
may
be
so
disorderly
handled
,
as
that
thereby
the
Pylote
may
be
abused
.
And
lastly
,
the
compasse
may
be
so
varied
,
as
that
the
Pylote
may
likewise
thereby
be
drawne
into
errour
,
of
all
which
things
and
many
moe
,
as
the
nature
of
his
sayling
,
whether
before
the
winde
,
quartering
,
or
by
a
bowling
,
or
whether
with
lofty
or
low
sailes
,
with
the
benefites
or
hinderances
of
the
sea
,
tydegates
,
streames
,
and
forced
set
thereof
,
&c.
Of
all
which
thinges
I
say
,
the
skilfull
Pylote
must
haue
carefull
consideration
,
which
are
better
learned
by
practise
then
taught
by
penne
:
for
it
is
not
possible
that
any
man
can
be
a
good
and
sufficient
pylote
or
skilful
Seaman
,
but
bypainefull
&
diligent
practise
,
with
the
assistance
of
arte
,
wherby
the
famous
Pylote
may
be
esteemed
worthy
of
his
profession
,
as
a
member
meete
for
the
common
weale
.
And
now
hauing
sufficiently
shewed
you
the
ordering
of
your
Chart
for
the
execution
of
the
skill
of
Nauigation
,
and
being
also
desirous
that
you
should
effectually
vnderstand
the
full
nature
and
vse
of
the
same
.
I
thinke
it
good
by
a
few
questions
to
giue
you
an
occasion
to
exercise
your selfe
in
the
perfect
accomplishment
of
such
conclusions
as
are
by
this
excellent
and
commodious
instrument
to
be
perfourmed
.
Necessary
questions
for
the
better
vnderstanding
of
the
commodious
vse
of
the
Chart.
1
Q.
If
I
sayle
70.
leages
vpon
the
Southwest
corse
,
I
demaund
how
many
degrees
I
shall
lay
or
depresse
the
Pole
?
A.
The
difference
of
the
latitude
wil
be
2.
degrees
,
30.
minutes
.
2
Q.
If
in
sayling
West
Norwest
I
raise
the
Pole
3.
degrees
,
30.
minutes
,
I
demaund
how
many
leages
I
haue
sailed
?
A.
The
distance
sailed
,
is
180.
leages
.
3
Q.
If
in
sayling
108.
leages
between
West
and
Nor
,
I
raise
the
Pole
3.
degrees
,
I
demaund
vpon
what
corse
I
haue
sailed
,
and
how
farre
I
am
from
the
Meridian
from
whence
I
began
that
corse
?
A.
The
corse
sailed
is
N.
w.
b.
W.
and
the
distance
from
the
Meridian
is
90.
leages
.
4
Q.
If
in
sayling
154.
leages
I
be
80.
leages
West
from
the
Meridian
from
whence
I
began
my
corse
,
I
demaund
vpon
what
point
of
the
compasse
I
haue
sailed
,
and
how
much
I
haue
raised
the
Pole
?
A.
The
corse
is
N
w
,
b.
N.
and
the
Pole
is
raised
6.
degrees
.
5
Q.
If
I
sayle
N
w.
vntill
I
be
50.
leags
from
the
Meridian
where
I
began
my
Corse
,
I
demaund
how
many
leages
I
haue
sailed
,
and
how
much
the
Pole
is
raised
?
A.
The
distance
sailed
is
71.
leages
,
and
the
Pole
is
raised
2.
degrees
,
30.
minutes
.
6
Q.
If
in
sayling
W.
N.
W.
I
doe
in
30.
howers
raise
2.
degrees
,
how
many
degrees
should
I
haue
raised
the
Pole
,
if
the
same
motion
had
beene
North
and
by
West
?
A.
You
should
haue
raised
5.
degrees
?
7
Q.
A
Ship
sailing
towards
the
West
,
for
ettery
80.
leages
that
she
sayleth
in
her
Corse
,
she
departeth
from
the
Meridian
from
whence
she
began
the
same
Corse
45.
leags
,
I
demaund
vpon
what
point
of
the
Compasse
,
and
how
many
leages
she
hath
sailed
,
in
raysing
the
Pole
5.
degrees
:
A.
She
hath
sailed
Northwest
by
North
120.
leages
.
8
Q.
A
Pylote
sayling
toward
the
West
100.
leages
,
hath
forgotten
his
Corse
,
yet
thus
much
he
knoweth
,
that
if
he
had
sailed
vpon
such
a
Corse
,
as
that
in
160.
leages
sayling
hee
should
haue
raised
the
Pole
3.
degrees
,
hee
should
then
haue
beene
twise
as
farre
from
the
Meridian
as
now
hee
is
,
and
should
also
haue
beene
½
degree
further
to
the
Northwards
then
now
hee
is
.
I
would
now
know
what
Corse
he
hath
sailed
,
how
many
leages
,
and
how
farre
he
is
seperated
from
the
Meridian
from
whence
hee
began
the
saide
Corse
.
A.
She
hath
sailed
88.
leages
Northwest
bywest
,
and
is
73.
leages
from
the
Meridian
nerest
.
9
Q.
Two
Ships
departing
from
one
place
,
the
one
in
sayling
145.
leags
towards
the
West
,
hath
raised
the
Pole
4.
degrees
,
and
the
other
hath
raised
the
Pole
7.
degrees
,
and
is
95.
leages
West
from
the
Meridian
of
the
place
from
whence
he
began
his
corse
,
I
demaund
by
what
corse
the
said
ship
hath
sailed
,
how
farre
they
be
asunder
,
and
by
what
corse
they
may
meete
?
A.
The
first
ship
hath
sailed
Northwest
by
west
,
the
second
hath
sailed
Northwest
bynorth
,
170
leages
,
they
are
asunder
65.
leags
,
and
the
corse
betweene
them
is
North
northeast
,
and
South
southwest
.
10
Q.
Two
ships
sayling
from
one
place
,
the
one
is
sayling
180.
leages
,
is
to
the
Eastwarde
of
the
Meridian
where
hee
began
his
corse
150.
leages
,
I
demaund
vpon
what
corse
and
how
many
leages
the
other
ship
shall
saile
,
to
bring
himselfe
50.
leages
N.
b.
W.
from
the
first
ship
?
A.
The
first
ship
hath
sailed
N.
e.
b.
e.
and
hath
raised
the
Pole
5.
degrees
,
the
second
ship
must
saile
Northeast
bynorth
237
leages
.
ALthough
it
may
seeme
(
to
some
that
be
very
expert
in
Nauigation
)
that
these
questions
are
needlesse
,
and
without
vse
,
being
so
plaine
as
not
deseruing
in
this
sorte
to
bee
published
,
notwithstanding
that
their
opinion
,
I
do
in
friendly
curtesie
aduise
all
yong
practisers
of
this
excellent
arte
of
sayling
,
that
they
doe
not
onely
by
their
Charts
proue
the
trueth
of
these
answered
questions
,
but
also
indeuor
themselues
to
propound
diuers
other
sorts
of
questions
,
and
in
seeking
their
answeres
,
to
enter
into
the
reason
thereof
:
for
by
such
exercise
,
the
yong
beginner
shal
vnderstand
the
substantiall
grounds
of
his
Chart
,
and
grow
perfect
therein
:
for
whose
ease
and
furderance
onely
,
I
haue
at
this
present
published
this
briefe
treatise
of
Nauigation
,
knowing
that
the
expert
Pylote
is
not
vnfurnished
of
these
principles
,
but
euery
little
helpe
doth
greatly
further
in
euery
beginning
:
and
therfore
for
the
further
benefite
of
the
practiser
,
I
haue
hereunto
annexed
a
perticular
Sea
Chart
of
our
Chanell
,
commonly
called
the
Sleue
,
by
which
all
that
is
before
spoken
as
touching
the
vse
of
the
Chart
,
may
be
practised
,
wherin
the
depths
of
the
Chanell
are
truely
laide
downe
:
being
an
instrument
most
commodious
and
necessary
for
all
such
as
seeke
the
Chanel
coming
out
of
the
occean
Sea
,
much
of
it
is
from
my
owne
practise
,
the
rest
from
Pylotes
of
very
good
sufficiencie
:
I
haue
found
great
certaintie
by
the
vse
of
this
Chart
,
for
by
the
altitude
and
deapth
I
haue
not
at
no
time
missed
the
true
notice
of
my
Ships
being
,
which
(
through
Gods
mercifull
fauour
)
by
my
land
falls
I
haue
alwaies
found
to
be
without
errour
,
therefore
haue
it
not
in
light
regarde
,
for
it
will
giue
you
great
euidence
,
and
is
worthy
to
be
kept
as
a
speciall
iuell
for
the
Seamans
vse
,
be
he
neuer
so
expert
.
And
thus
hauing
sufficiently
expressed
all
the
practises
appertaining
to
the
skill
of
horizontal
Nauigation
,
which
kinde
of
sailing
is
now
of
the
greatest
sort
only
practised
,
I
think
it
good
for
your
better
memory
briefly
to
reporte
that
which
before
is
spoken
as
touching
this
kinde
of
Nauigation
,
and
withall
it
will
not
bee
a
misse
to
shew
you
after
what
sorte
I
haue
beene
accustomed
to
keepe
my
accomptes
in
my
practises
of
sailing
,
which
you
shall
finde
to
be
very
sure
,
plaine
and
easie
:
whereby
you
may
at
all
times
examine
what
is
past
,
and
so
reforme
the
corses
laide
downe
vpon
the
Chart
,
if
by
chaunce
there
should
any
errour
be
committed
.
And
so
concluding
this
parte
of
Nauigation
,
will
in
the
next
treatise
make
knowne
vnto
you
the
vse
of
the
Globe
,
such
vses
I
meane
as
the
Seaman
may
practise
in
his
voyages
,
and
that
are
most
necessary
for
his
knowledge
.
A
Table
shewing
the
order
how
the
Seaman
may
keepe
his
accompts
,
whereby
hee
may
at
all
times
distinctly
examine
his
former
practises
,
for
in
euery
24.
howers
,
which
is
from
noone
to
noone
,
hee
doth
not
onely
lay
downe
his
latitude
,
with
the
corse
and
leages
,
but
also
how
the
winde
hath
blowne
in
the
same
time
.
The
first
Colume
is
the
moneths
and
daies
of
the
same
,
the
second
is
the
obserued
altitude
▪
the
third
is
the
Horizontall
corse
or
motion
of
the
Ship
,
the
fourth
the
number
of
leages
that
the
Ship
hath
sailed
,
the
fifth
is
a
space
wherein
must
be
noted
,
by
what
winde
those
things
haue
beene
perfourmed
:
and
the
next
great
space
is
to
lay
downe
any
breefe
discourse
for
your
memory
.
Anno.
1593.
Monthes
and
daies
of
the
month
.
|
Latitude
.
G.
M.
|
Corse
.
|
Leages
|
Winde
|
The
23.
of
March
,
cape
S.
Augustine
in
Brasill
,
being
16.
leags
east
from
me
,
I
began
this
accompt
.
|
March
.
24
|
7
|
30
|
N.
N.
E.
|
25
|
East
.
|
|
25
|
5
|
44
|
N.
b.
E
,
norly
|
36
|
E.
b.
N.
|
Compasse
varied
9.
deg.
the
South
point
w
estward
.
|
26
|
4
|
1
|
N.
b.
N.
|
35
|
E.
b.
N.
|
Compasse
vried
8.
deg.
the
South
point
westward
,
|
|
27
|
2
|
49
|
N.
|
24
|
E.
b.
N.
|
|
28
|
1
|
31
|
N.
esterly
.
|
26
|
E.
b.
N.
|
|
29
|
1
|
4
|
N.
N.
W.
|
9
|
N.
E.
|
Compassse
varied
6.
deg.
40.
●
.
the
South
point
westward
.
|
Aprill
.
31
|
0
|
0
|
N.
b.
W.
|
21
|
E.
N.
E.
|
Obseruation
,
the
Pole
artick
aboue
the
Horizon
.
|
4
|
0
|
39
|
N.
W.
b.
N.
|
15
|
N.
E.
|
|
7
|
1
|
53
|
N.
N.
W.
|
28
|
N.
E.
|
|
9
|
3
|
5
|
N.
W.
b.
N.
|
30
|
N.
E.
b.
E.
|
|
10
|
4
|
5
|
N.
w.
b.
N.
|
22
|
N.
E.
|
|
11
|
4
|
45
|
N.
W.
|
18
|
N.
E.
b.
N.
|
|
12
|
5
|
16
|
N.
W.
|
14
|
N.
E.
b.
N.
|
|
13
|
6
|
11
|
N.
W.
b.
N.
|
23
|
N.
E.
|
|
14
|
7
|
16
|
N.
W.
b.
N.
|
24
|
N.
E.
|
Compasse
varied
7.
deg.
the
north
point
eastwards
.
|
A
breefe
repetition
of
that
which
is
before
spoken
.
THere
are
3.
kindes
of
Nauigation
,
Horizontall
,
Paradoxall
,
and
sayling
vpon
a
great
Circle
,
performed
by
Corse
and
trauers
.
A
Corse
is
the
paradoxall
line
,
which
is
described
by
the
Ships
motion
vpon
any
point
of
Compasse
.
A
Trauers
is
the
varietie
of
the
Ships
motion
vpon
euery
alteration
of
Corses
.
The
Compasse
is
an
artificiall
Horizon
,
by
which
Corses
and
Trauerses
are
directed
,
and
containeth
32.
pointes
,
and
euery
point
containeth
11¼
.
degrees
,
or
45.
minutes
,
being
¾
of
an
hower
.
By
such
quantitie
of
time
as
the
Moone
seperateth
her selfe
from
the
Sunne
,
by
the
like
rate
of
time
euery
tide
doth
one
differ
from
another
.
In
euery
hower
the
tide
altereth
two
minutes
,
in
euery
flud
twelue
minutes
,
and
in
euery
ebbe
twelue
minutes
,
and
in
euery
day
48.
minutes
,
because
that
so
is
the
Moones
seperation
from
the
Sunne
:
for
the
Moone
doth
seperate
her selfe
from
the
Sunne
,
in
euery
day
one
point
and
3.
minutes
,
betweene
the
change
and
the
full
she
is
to
the
Eastwardes
of
the
Sun
,
and
then
is
her
seperation
,
at
which
time
she
is
before
the
Sunne
in
respect
of
her
naturall
motion
,
but
in
regarde
of
her
violent
motion
,
she
is
then
behinde
or
abast
the
Sunne
.
Betweene
the
full
and
the
change
,
she
is
to
the
Westward
of
the
Sunne
,
applying
towards
the
Sunne
,
and
then
is
her
application
,
at
which
time
she
is
behinde
ar
abast
the
Sunne
,
in
respect
of
her
naturall
motion
,
but
in
consideration
of
her
violent
motion
,
she
is
then
befare
the
Sunne
.
She
hath
a
violent
motion
,
a
naturall
motion
,
a
slowe
,
swift
,
and
meane
motion
.
In
euery
27.
daies
and
8.
howers
she
perfourmeth
her
naturall
motion
through
the
Zodiac
.
Betweene
change
and
change
there
is
twentie
nine
daies
,
twelue
howers
,
forty
foure
minutes
nerest
.
The
solar
yeere
consisteth
of
12.
moneths
,
and
the
lunar
yeer
of
12.
Moones
.
The
Moones
age
is
found
by
the
Epact.
All
instruments
vsed
in
Nauigation
,
of
what
shape
or
forme
soeuer
they
be
,
are
described
or
demonstrated
vpon
a
Circle
,
or
some
portion
of
a
Circle
,
and
therefore
are
of
the
nature
of
a
Circle
.
A
degree
is
the
360.
parte
of
a
Circle
,
how
bigge
or
little
soeuer
the
Circle
be
.
A
degree
is
applied
after
6.
seuerall
sortes
,
to
the
Equator
,
to
the
Meridian
,
to
the
Horizon
,
to
the
verticall
Circle
,
to
measure
,
and
to
time
.
Altitude
is
the
distance
,
height
,
or
mounting
of
one
thing
aboue
another
.
The
Poles
altitude
is
the
distance
betweene
the
Pole
and
the
Horizon
,
or
that
portion
of
the
Meridian
which
is
contained
betweene
the
Pole
and
the
Horizon
.
The
altitude
of
the
Sunne
aboue
the
Horizon
,
is
that
portion
of
the
circle
of
Azumuth
,
which
is
contained
betweene
the
Horizon
and
the
Sunne
.
Latitude
is
that
arke
of
the
meridian
which
is
contained
betweene
the
parallell
of
any
place
and
the
Equator
,
or
that
part
of
the
Meridian
which
is
included
betweene
the
Zenith
and
the
Equinoctiall
.
Longitude
is
that
portion
of
the
Equator
contained
betweene
the
Meridian
of
S.
Mihels
,
one
of
the
Iles
of
the
Assones
,
and
the
Meridian
of
the
place
whose
longitude
is
desired
:
the
reason
why
the
accompt
of
longitude
doth
begin
at
this
Ile
,
is
,
because
that
there
the
Compasse
hath
no
varietie
,
for
the
Meridian
of
this
Ile
passeth
by
the
Poles
of
the
worlde
and
the
Poles
of
the
Magnet
,
being
a
Meridian
proper
to
both
Poles
.
The
longitude
betweene
place
and
place
,
is
the
portion
of
the
Equator
which
is
contained
betweene
the
Meridians
of
the
same
places
.
Declination
is
the
distance
of
the
Sunne
,
Moone
and
Starres
,
from
the
Equinoctiall
,
or
that
portion
of
the
Meridian
which
passeth
by
the
Center
of
any
celestiall
body
,
and
is
contained
betweene
the
same
center
and
the
Equinoctiall
.
Hidrographie
is
the
description
of
the
occean
Sea
,
with
all
Iles
,
bancks
,
rocks
and
sands
therein
contained
,
whose
limits
extend
to
the
geographicall
borders
of
the
earth
,
the
perfect
notice
whereof
is
the
cheefest
thing
required
in
a
sufficient
Pylote
,
in
his
excellent
practise
of
sayling
.
Geographie
is
the
description
of
the
earth
onely
,
whereby
the
terrestriall
forme
in
his
due
situation
is
giuen
,
whose
distinction
is
by
mountaines
,
riuers
,
vallies
,
cities
,
and
places
of
fame
,
without
regarde
of
the
Circles
,
Clymates
,
or
Zones
.
Cosmographie
is
the
description
of
the
heauens
,
with
all
that
is
contained
within
the
circute
thereof
,
but
to
the
purpose
of
nauigation
,
we
must
vnderstand
Cosmographie
to
be
the
vniuersall
description
of
the
terrestriall
Globe
,
distinguished
by
all
such
circles
,
by
which
the
distinction
of
the
celestiall
Sphere
is
vnderstoode
to
be
giuen
,
with
euery
Countrie
,
Coast
,
Sea
,
Harborow
,
or
other
place
,
seated
in
their
true
longitude
,
latitude
,
Zone
,
and
Clyme
.
The
Chart
is
a
speciall
instrument
in
Nauigation
,
pretending
the
Cosmographicall
description
of
the
terrestriall
Globe
,
by
all
such
lynes
,
circles
,
corses
and
diuisions
as
are
required
to
the
most
exquisite
skill
of
nauigation
.
The
end
of
the
First
Booke
.