THE
ENGLISH
SPAW
.
CHAP.
1.
Of
the
situation
of
the
Towne
of
Knaresborow
.
GNaresbrugh
(
commonly
called
Knaresborow
)
is
a
very
ancient
Market
towne
in
the
West-Riding
of
Yorkeshire
,
distant
14
miles
from
the
City
of
Yorke
;
where
the
Pole
is
eleuated
54
degrees
,
and
20
odde
minutes
.
On
the
South-west
part
thereof
is
that
faire
,
and
goodly
Fort
,
so
much
renowned
,
both
for
the
pleasant
situation
,
and
remarkable
strength
,
knowne
by
the
name
of
Knaresborow
Castle
,
seated
on
a
most
ragged
and
rough
Rock
;
whence
(
as
learned
Mr.
Camden
saith
)
it
is
so
named
.
Both
the
Castle
and
Towne
are
fenced
on
the
South
and
West
parts
with
the
Riuer
Nid
:
which
is
beautified
here
with
two
faire
Bridges
of
stone
,
which
lead
from
the
Towne
into
the
Forest
adioyning
,
as
also
vnto
a
large
empaled
Park
of
his
Maiesties
,
called
Bilton
parke
,
well
stored
with
fallow
Deere
:
part
whereof
is
bordered
with
the
said
riuer
.
The
Towne
it selfe
standeth
on
a
hill
,
hauing
almost
on
euery
side
an
ascent
to
it
;
and
about
it
are
diuers
fruitfull
valleyes
well
replenished
with
grasse
,
corne
,
and
wood
.
The
waters
there
are
wholesome
and
cleare
;
the
ayre
dry
and
pure
.
In
briefe
,
there
is
nothing
wanting
,
that
may
fitly
serue
for
a
good
and
commodious
habitation
,
and
the
content
and
entertainment
of
strangers
.
Many
things
are
very
obseruable
in
this
place
,
which
because
they
rather
do
appertaine
to
the
volumes
of
Geographers
,
&
Antiquaries
,
then
to
the
purpose
intended
in
this
little
treatise
,
are
here
omitted
.
CHAP.
2.
Of
the
seuerall
earths
,
stones
,
and
mineralls
,
found
neere
and
about
this
place
.
ALthough
there
are
in
sundry
places
of
this
Kingdome
as
many
,
or
moe
seuerall
kinds
,
and
sorts
of
earths
,
quarreyes
of
stone
,
minerals
,
and
mines
of
mettalls
,
then
in
any
other
Realme
whatsoeuer
;
notwithstanding
no
one
place
hath
beene
obserued
to
haue
them
either
in
such
plentie
,
or
variety
in
so
small
a
distance
,
as
this
.
For
here
is
found
not
onely
white
and
yellow
marle
,
plaister
,
oker
,
rudd
,
or
rubricke
,
free-stone
,
an
hard
greet-stone
,
a
soft
reddish
stone
,
iron-stone
,
brim-stone
,
vitreall
,
nitre
,
allum
,
lead
,
copper
,
(
and
without
doubt
diuerse
mixtures
of
these
)
but
also
many
other
mineralls
might
(
perhaps
)
be
found
out
by
the
diligent
search
,
and
skilfull
industrie
of
those
,
who
would
take
paines
to
labour
a
little
herein
.
All
which
do
manifestly
demonstrate
,
that
nature
hath
stored
this
little
territorie
with
a
greater
diuersitie
of
hidden
benefits
,
then
great
and
spacious
Countries
otherwise
abounding
in
outward
natiue
commodities
,
and
that
the
fountaines
,
or
springs
of
water
hereabouts
cannot
otherwise
then
participate
of
their
seuerall
natures
,
and
properties
.
CHAP.
3.
Of
the
fountaines
,
of
pure
and
simple
waters
neere
,
and
about
the
Towne
.
AS
generally
most
parts
of
the
West
Riding
of
Yorkeshire
(
especially
the
hilly
and
more
mountaineous
places
thereof
)
are
stored
with
fountaines
and
springs
of
cleare
,
limpide
,
and
pure
simple
waters
;
so
likewise
the
territorie
here
abouts
is
not
without
plenty
of
them
.
Two
whereof
haue
gotten
and
purchased
that
reputation
,
as
to
be
saincted
:
The
one
called
by
the
name
of
Saint
Magnus
,
or
Mugnus-Well
:
th'
other
,
that
of
Saint
Roberts
.
These
,
formerly
for
a
yeere
,
or
two
,
haue
beene
in
great
request
in
these
parts
amongst
the
common
sort
,
much
sought
vnto
by
many
,
and
great
concourse
of
people
haue
daily
gathered
and
flocked
to
them
both
neare
,
and
a
farre
off
,
as
is
most
commonly
seene
,
when
any
new
thing
is
first
found
out
.
Fama
enim
crescit
eundo
,
euen
vnto
incredible
wonders
and
miracles
,
or
rather
fictions
,
and
lyes
.
All
which
commeth
to
passe
as
wee
may
well
suppose
,
through
our
ouermuch
English
credulity
,
or
(
as
I
may
better
say
)
rather
superstition
.
For
to
any
such
like
Well
,
will
swarme
at
first
both
yong
and
old
(
especially
the
female
sexe
,
as
euer
more
apt
to
bee
deluded
)
halt
,
lame
,
blind
,
deafe
,
dumbe
,
yea
,
almost
all
,
and
that
for
all
manner
of
maladies
and
diseases
,
both
inward
and
outward
.
But
for
as
much
,
as
these
are
springs
of
pure
,
and
simple
waters
meerely
,
without
any
mixture
at
all
of
minerals
,
to
make
them
become
medicinable
,
it
is
verily
thought
,
that
the
many
&
seuerall
cures
,
which
haue
bin
attributed
vnto
them
in
those
times
,
when
they
were
so
frequented
,
were
rather
fained
,
and
imaginary
,
then
true
,
and
reall
;
and
that
those
,
who
then
visited
them
,
were
desirous
(
either
to
vphold
,
and
maintaine
the
credit
,
and
reputation
of
their
Saints
,
or
else
,
to
auoyd
the
scorne
and
derision
of
their
owne
delusion
)
to
haue
others
likewise
deceiued
.
Time
hath
quite
worne
all
their
strength
,
and
consumed
all
their
vertues
;
so
that
nothing
of
worth
now
remaines
with
them
,
sauing
onely
their
bare
names
and
titles
:
Sic
magna
suâ
mole
ruunt
.
Wherefore
to
omit
these
,
as
scarce
worthy
the
mentioning
;
those
are
chiefly
here
to
be
described
,
which
doe
participate
of
minerall
vertues
,
and
faculties
.
CHAP.
4.
Of
fiue
fountaines
neare
vnto
the
towne
,
which
doe
participate
of
minerall
vertues
.
OVt
of
the
diuers
Fountaines
springing
hereabouts
,
fiue
are
worthy
the
obseruation
of
Physitians
.
The
first
whereof
is
very
neare
vnto
the
riuer
banke
,
ouer
against
the
Castle
,
called
by
the
name
of
the
Dropping-well
,
for
that
it
droppeth
,
distilleth
,
and
trickleth
downe
from
the
hanging
rocke
aboue
.
The
water
whereof
hath
a
certaine
quality
or
property
to
turne
any
thing
,
that
lieth
in
it
,
into
a
stony
substance
in
a
very
short
space
.
Three
of
the
others
(
being
all
of
them
much
of
one
,
and
the
same
nature
)
are
termed
by
the
country
people
thereabouts
the
Stinking-wels
,
in
regard
they
haue
an
ill
,
and
fetide
smell
,
consisting
most
of
Sulphure-viue
,
or
quicke
brimstone
.
One
of
them
,
and
that
which
hath
the
greatest
current
,
or
streame
of
water
,
is
in
Bilton
park
.
The
other
two
are
in
the
sayd
Forest
;
one
is
neare
vnto
the
towne
;
the
other
is
further
off
,
almost
two
miles
from
it
,
beyond
a
place
called
Haregate-head
,
in
a
bottome
on
the
right
hand
of
it
,
as
you
goe
,
and
almost
in
the
side
of
a
little
brooke
.
The
fift
,
and
last
(
for
which
I
haue
principally
vndertaken
to
write
this
short
Discourse
)
is
an
acide
,
or
tart
fountaine
in
the
said
Forest
,
commonly
named
by
the
vulgar
sort
,
Tuewhit
well
,
and
the
English
Spaw
,
by
those
of
the
better
rank
,
in
imitation
of
those
two
most
famous
acide
fountaines
at
the
Spaw
in
Germany
,
to
wit
Sauuenir
,
and
Pouhon
:
whereof
the
first
(
being
the
prime
one
)
is
halfe
a
league
from
the
Spa
,
or
Spaw
village
;
the
other
is
in
the
middle
of
the
towne
.
CHAP.
5.
A
more
particular
recitall
of
the
first
foure
Wells
.
I
Purpose
to
speake
somewhat
more
in
this
place
of
the
firs●
foure
Springs
mentioned
in
the
former
Chapter
,
in
regard
the
consideration
of
them
may
perhaps
giue
some
light
to
those
,
who
shall
hereafter
search
further
into
the
secrets
,
which
nature
may
seeme
to
afford
in
the
Country
hereabouts
.
The
first
is
the
Dropping-well
,
knowne
almost
to
all
,
who
haue
trauelled
vnto
this
place
.
The
water
whereof
distilleth
and
trickleth
downe
from
the
hanging
Rocke
ouer
it
,
not
onely
dropping
wise
,
but
also
falling
in
many
pretty
little
streames
.
This
water
issueth
at
first
out
of
the
earth
,
not
farre
from
the
said
hanging
rocke
,
and
running
a
while
in
one
entire
current
,
continueth
so
,
till
it
commeth
almost
to
the
brim
of
the
cragg
;
where
being
opposed
by
a
damme
(
as
it
were
artificiall
)
of
certaine
spongy
stones
,
is
afterwards
diuided
into
many
smaller
branches
,
and
falleth
from
on
high
in
manner
aforesaid
.
It
is
therefore
very
likely
,
that
Mr
Camden
in
person
did
not
see
this
Fountaine
,
but
rather
that
hee
had
it
by
relation
from
others
;
or
at
least
wise
(
if
he
did
see
it
)
that
hee
did
not
marke
,
and
duly
obserue
the
originall
springing
vp
of
the
water
,
when
in
his
Britannia
he
saith
thus
:
The
waters
thereof
spring
not
vp
out
of
the
veines
of
the
earth
,
&c.
Concerning
the
properties
and
qualities
thereof
,
I
haue
nothing
more
to
write
at
this
time
(
there
being
formerly
little
tryall
had
of
it
)
sauing
that
diuers
inhabitants
thereabouts
say
,
and
affirme
,
that
it
hath
beene
found
to
bee
very
effectuall
in
staying
any
flux
of
the
body
:
which
thing
I
easily
beleeue
.
The
other
three
are
sulphureous
fountaines
,
and
cast
forth
a
stinking
smell
a
farre
off
,
especially
in
the
winter
season
,
and
when
the
weather
is
coldest
.
They
are
all
noysome
to
smell
to
,
and
cold
to
touch
,
without
any
manifest
,
or
actuall
heat
at
all
;
by
reason
(
as
may
most
probably
be
thought
)
their
mynes
,
and
veines
of
brimstone
,
are
not
kindled
vnder
the
earth
;
being
(
perhaps
)
hindred
by
the
mixture
of
salt
therewith
.
Those
,
who
drinke
of
their
waters
,
relate
,
they
verily
thinke
there
is
gunpowder
in
them
,
and
that
now
and
then
they
vomit
after
drinking
thereof
.
The
waters
,
as
they
runne
along
the
earth
,
doe
leaue
behind
them
on
the
grasse
and
leaues
a
gray
slimy
substance
;
which
being
set
on
fire
,
hath
the
right
sauour
of
common
brimstone
.
They
are
much
haunted
with
Pigeons
,
an
argument
of
much
salt
in
them
;
of
which
in
the
euaporation
of
the
water
by
fire
,
wee
found
a
good
quantity
remaining
in
the
bottome
of
the
vessell
.
One
thing
further
was
worth
obseruation
;
that
white
mettall
(
as
siluer
)
dipped
into
them
,
presently
seemeth
to
resemble
copper
:
which
we
first
noted
by
putting
a
siluer
porrenger
into
one
of
these
;
vnto
which
Sir
Francis
Trapps
did
first
bring
vs
.
Which
tincture
these
waters
giue
by
reason
of
their
sulphur
.
Touching
their
vertues
,
and
effects
,
there
may
in
generall
the
like
properties
be
ascribed
vnto
them
,
as
are
attributed
vnto
other
sulphureous
Bathes
actually
cold
,
participating
also
of
salt
.
The
vulgar
sort
drinke
these
waters
(
as
they
say
)
to
expell
reefe
,
and
fellon
;
yea
,
many
,
who
are
much
troubled
with
itches
,
scabs
,
morphewes
,
tetters
,
ring-wormes
,
and
the
like
,
are
soone
holpen
,
and
cured
by
washing
the
parts
ill
affected
therewith
.
Which
thing
they
might
much
more
conueniently
,
and
more
commodiously
doe
,
if
at
that
in
Bilton
parke
were
framed
2
capacious
Bathes
,
the
one
cold
,
the
other
to
be
made
hot
,
or
warme
,
by
art
,
for
certaine
knowne
howers
a
day
.
CHAP.
6.
A
more
particular
description
of
the
fift
,
or
last
fountaine
,
called
the
English
Spaw
.
THis
,
being
the
principall
subiect
of
this
whole
Treatise
,
is
in
the
said
forest
,
about
halfe
a
league
,
or
a
mile
and
a
halfe
west
from
the
towne
;
from
whence
there
is
almost
a
continuall
rising
to
it
,
but
nothing
so
great
,
as
the
ascent
is
from
the
Spaw
village
to
the
Sauuenir
.
This
here
springeth
out
of
a
mountainous
ground
,
and
almost
at
the
height
of
the
ascent
,
at
Haregate-head
;
hauing
a
great
descent
on
both
sides
the
ridge
thereof
;
and
the
Country
thereabouts
somewhat
resembleth
that
at
the
Spaw
in
Germany
.
The
first
discouerer
of
it
to
haue
any
medicinall
quality
(
so
far
forth
as
I
can
learn
)
was
one
Mr.
William
Slingesby
,
a
Gentleman
of
many
good
parts
,
of
an
ancient
,
and
worthy
Family
neere
thereby
;
who
hauing
trauelled
in
his
younger
time
,
was
throughly
acquainted
with
the
taste
,
vse
,
and
faculties
of
the
two
Spaw
fountaines
.
In
his
latter
time
,
about
55
yeeres
agoe
,
it
was
his
good
fortune
to
liue
for
a
little
while
at
a
grange
house
very
neare
to
this
fountaine
,
and
afterwards
in
Bilton
Parke
all
his
life
long
.
Who
drinking
of
this
water
,
found
it
in
all
things
to
agree
with
those
at
the
Spaw
.
Whereupon
(
greatly
reioycing
at
so
good
and
fortunate
an
accident
)
he
made
some
further
tr
all
and
assay
:
that
done
,
he
caused
the
founta
ne
to
be
well
,
and
ar●●●cially
walled
about
,
and
paued
at
the
bottome
(
as
it
is
now
at
this
day
)
with
two
faire
stone
flags
,
with
a
sit
hole
in
the
side
thereof
,
for
the
free
passage
of
the
water
through
a
little
guttered
stone
.
It
is
open
at
the
top
,
and
walled
somewhat
higher
,
then
the
earth
,
as
well
to
keepe
out
filth
,
as
Cattle
for
comming
and
approaching
to
it
.
It
is
fouresquare
,
three
foot
wide
,
and
the
water
within
is
about
three
quarters
of
a
yard
deepe
.
First
we
caused
it
to
be
laded
dry
,
as
well
to
scoure
it
,
as
also
to
see
the
rising
vp
of
the
water
,
which
we
found
to
spring
vp
onely
at
the
bottome
at
the
chinke
,
or
cranny
,
betweene
two
stones
,
so
left
purposely
for
the
springing
vp
of
the
water
at
the
bottome
:
Which
as
Yliny
obserueth
in
his
31
booke
of
his
Naturall
History
,
and
the
third
Chapter
,
is
a
signe
aboue
all
of
the
goodnesse
of
a
fountaine
.
And
about
all
(
saith
he
)
one
thing
would
bee
obserued
,
and
seene
vnto
,
that
the
source
,
which
feedeth
it
,
spring
and
boyle
vp
directly
from
the
bottome
,
and
not
●ssue
forth
at
the
sides
:
which
also
is
a
maine
point
that
concerneth
the
perpetuity
thereof
,
and
whereby
wee
●y
collect
,
●hat
it
will
hold
still
and
be
neuer
drawne
drye
.
The
streame
of
water
,
which
passeth
away
by
the
hole
in
the
side
thereof
,
is
much
one
,
and
about
the
proportion
of
the
current
of
Sauuenir
.
The
aboue
named
Gentleman
did
drinke
the
water
of
this
Fountaine
euery
yeare
after
all
his
life
time
,
for
helping
his
infirmities
,
and
maintaining
of
his
he●lth
,
and
would
oftentimes
say
and
auerre
,
that
it
was
much
better
,
and
did
excell
the
tart
fountaines
beyond
the
seas
,
as
being
more
quicke
and
liuely
,
and
fuller
of
minerall
spirits
;
effecting
his
operation
more
speedily
,
and
sooner
passing
through
the
body
.
Moreouer
,
Doctor
Timothy
Bright
of
happy
memory
,
a
learned
Physitian
,
(
while
hee
liued
,
my
very
kind
friend
,
and
familiar
acquaintance
)
first
gaue
the
name
of
the
English
Spaw
vnto
this
Fountaine
about
thirty
yeares
since
,
or
more
.
For
he
also
formerly
had
spent
some
time
at
the
Spaw
in
Germany
;
so
that
he
was
very
able
to
compare
those
with
this
of
ours
.
Nay
,
hee
had
furthermore
so
good
an
opinion
,
and
so
high
a
conceit
of
this
,
that
hee
did
not
onely
direct
,
and
aduise
others
to
it
,
but
himselfe
also
(
for
most
part
)
would
vse
it
in
the
Sommer
season
.
Likewise
Doctor
Anthony
Hunton
lately
of
Newarke
vpon
Trent
,
a
Physitian
of
no
lesse
worth
and
happy
memory
,
(
to
whom
for
his
true
loue
to
mee
,
and
kind
respect
of
mee
,
I
was
very
much
beholden
)
would
often
expostulate
with
mee
at
our
meetings
,
and
with
other
Gentlemen
of
Yorkeshire
,
his
patients
,
how
it
came
to
passe
,
that
I
,
and
the
Physitians
of
Yorke
,
did
not
by
publi●e
writing
make
the
fame
and
worth
thereof
better
knowne
to
the
world
?
CHAP.
7.
Of
the
difference
of
this
Fountaine
from
those
at
the
Spaw
,
to
wit
,
Sauuenir
,
and
Pouhon
.
THis
springeth
almost
at
the
top
of
the
ascent
(
as
formerly
hath
beene
said
)
from
a
dry
,
and
somewhat
sandy
earth
:
The
water
where
of
running
South-East
,
is
very
cleare
,
pure
,
full
of
life
,
and
minerall
exhalations
.
We
find
it
chiefly
to
consist
of
a
vitrioline
nature
and
quality
,
with
a
participation
also
of
those
other
minerals
,
which
are
said
to
be
in
the
Sauuenir
fountaine
;
but
in
a
more
perfect
,
and
exquisite
mixture
and
temper
(
as
wee
deeme
)
and
therefore
to
be
supposed
better
and
nobler
,
then
it
.
The
difference
betweene
them
will
be
found
to
be
onely
Secundum
maius
&
minus
,
that
is
,
according
to
more
,
or
lesse
,
which
maketh
no
difference
in
kind
,
but
in
degrees
.
This
partaketh
in
greater
measure
of
the
qualities
,
and
lesser
of
the
substances
of
the
minerals
,
then
that
doth
;
and
for
that
cause
it
is
of
a
more
quicke
and
speedy
operation
;
as
also
for
the
same
reason
,
his
tenuity
of
body
,
and
fulnesse
of
minerall
spirits
therein
contained
,
it
cannot
be
so
farre
transported
from
its
owne
source
,
and
spring
,
without
losse
,
and
diminution
of
his
strength
,
and
goodnesse
.
For
being
caried
no
further
,
then
to
the
towne
it selfe
(
though
the
glasse
or
vessell
be
closely
stopt
)
it
becommeth
somewhat
weaker
:
if
as
farre
as
to
Yorke
,
much
more
:
but
if
20
or
30
miles
further
,
it
will
then
bee
found
to
be
of
small
force
,
or
validity
,
as
we
haue
often
obserued
.
Whereas
contrariwise
the
water
of
the
lower
fountain
at
the
Spaw
,
called
Pouhon
,
is
frequently
and
vsually
caried
and
conueyed
into
other
Countries
farre
off
,
and
remote
,
as
into
France
,
England
,
Scotland
,
Ireland
,
diuers
parts
of
Germany
,
and
some
parts
of
Italy
;
yea
,
and
that
of
Sauuenir
,
(
which
is
the
better
fountaine
,
and
whose
water
cannot
be
caried
so
farre
away
,
as
the
other
may
)
is
oftentimes
vsed
now
adayes
at
Paris
,
the
chiefe
City
of
France
.
But
this
of
ours
cannot
be
sent
away
any
whit
so
farre
off
without
losse
and
decay
of
his
efficacy
,
and
vertue
:
so
ayrie
,
subtill
,
and
piercing
are
its
spirits
,
and
minerall
exhalations
,
that
they
soone
passe
,
vanish
,
and
flye
away
.
Which
thing
wee
haue
esteemed
to
be
a
principall
good
signe
of
the
worthy
properties
of
this
rare
Fountaine
.
So
that
this
water
,
being
newly
taken
vp
at
the
Well
,
and
presently
after
drunke
,
cannot
otherwise
,
but
sooner
passe
by
the
Hypochondries
,
and
through
the
body
,
and
cause
a
speedier
effect
,
then
those
in
Germany
can
.
Whereby
any
one
may
easily
collect
,
and
gather
,
that
this
getteth
his
soueraign
faculties
better
in
its
passage
by
and
through
the
variety
of
minerals
,
included
in
the
earth
(
which
only
afford
vnto
it
an
halitious
body
)
then
those
doe
.
If
then
wee
bee
desirous
to
haue
this
of
ours
become
commodious
either
for
preseruing
of
our
healths
,
or
for
altering
any
distemper
,
or
curing
any
infirmity
(
for
which
it
is
proper
and
auaileable
)
it
ought
chiefly
to
bee
taken
at
the
fountaine
it selfe
,
before
the
minerall
spirits
bee
dissipated
.
CHAP.
8.
That
Vitriol
is
here
more
predominant
,
then
any
other
minerall
.
WE
haue
sufficiently
beene
satisfied
by
experience
and
trialls
,
through
what
minerals
this
water
doth
passe
:
but
to
know
in
what
proportion
they
are
exactly
mixed
therewith
,
it
is
beyond
humane
inuention
to
find
out
;
nature
hauing
reserued
this
secret
to
her selfe
alone
.
Neuerthelesse
it
may
very
well
be
coniectured
,
that
as
in
the
frame
,
and
composition
of
the
most
noble
creature
,
Man
(
the
lesser
world
)
there
〈…〉
of
the
foure
elements
rather
adjustitiam
(
as
Philosophers
say
)
then
ad
pondus
;
so
nature
in
the
mixture
of
these
minerals
,
hath
likewise
taken
more
of
some
,
and
lesse
of
others
,
as
shee
thought
to
be
most
fit
,
and
expedient
for
the
good
and
behoofe
of
mans
health
,
and
the
recouery
●nd
restitution
of
it
decayed
;
being
indeed
such
a
worke
,
as
no
Art
is
able
to
imitate
.
That
Vitriolum
(
otherwise
called
Chalcanthum
)
is
here
most
predominant
,
there
needs
no
other
proofe
,
then
from
the
assay
of
the
water
it selfe
;
which
both
in
the
tart
and
inky
smack
thereof
,
ioyned
with
a
piercing
and
a
pricking
quality
,
and
in
the
sauour
(
which
is
somewhat
a
little
vitrioline
,
)
is
altogether
like
vnto
the
ancient
Spaw
waters
:
which
according
to
the
consent
of
all
those
,
who
haue
considered
their
naturall
compositions
,
doe
most
of
all
,
and
chiefly
participate
of
vitrioll
.
Notwithstanding
,
for
a
more
manifest
,
and
fuller
try
all
hereof
,
put
as
much
powder
of
galls
,
as
will
lye
on
two-pence
,
or
three-pence
,
into
a
glasse
full
of
this
water
newly
taken
vp
at
the
fountaine
,
you
shall
see
it
by
and
by
turned
into
the
right
and
perfect
colour
of
Claret
wine
,
that
is
fully
ripe
,
cleare
,
and
well
fined
,
which
may
easily
deceiue
the
eye
of
the
skilfullest
Vintner
.
This
demonstration
hath
beene
often
made
,
not
without
the
admiration
of
those
,
who
first
did
see
it
.
For
the
same
quantity
of
galles
mingled
with
so
much
common
water
,
or
any
other
fountaine
water
thereabouts
,
will
not
alter
it
any
thing
at
all
;
vnlesse
to
these
you
also
adde
Vitrioll
,
and
then
the
colour
will
appeare
to
be
of
a
blewish
violet
,
somewhat
inkish
,
not
reddish
,
as
in
the
former
,
which
hath
an
exquisite
and
accurate
coniunction
of
other
minerall
exhalations
,
besides
the
vitrioline
.
But
this
probation
will
not
hold
,
if
so
be
you
make
triall
with
the
said
water
being
caried
farre
from
the
well
;
by
reason
of
the
present
dissipation
of
his
spirits
.
CHAP.
9.
Of
the
prop●rties
,
and
effects
of
Vitrioll
,
according
to
the
ancient
and
moderne
Writers
.
THe
qualities
of
Vitrioll
,
according
to
Dioscorides
,
Galen
,
Aetius
,
Paulus
Aegineta
,
and
Oribasius
,
are
to
heate
and
dry
,
to
bind
,
to
resist
putrefaction
,
to
giue
strength
and
vigour
to
the
interiour
parts
,
to
kill
the
flat
wormes
of
the
belly
,
to
remedy
venemous
mushromes
,
to
preserue
flesh
ouer
moyst
from
corruption
,
consuming
the
moysture
thereof
by
its
heat
,
and
constipating
by
his
astriction
the
substance
of
it
,
and
pressing
forth
the
serous
humidity
.
And
according
to
Matthiolus
in
his
Commentaries
vpon
Di●●orides
,
it
is
very
profitable
against
the
plague
and
pestilence
,
and
the
chymicall
oyle
thereof
is
very
auaileable
(
as
himselfe
affirmeth
to
haue
sufficiently
proued
)
against
the
stone
and
stopping
of
vrine
,
and
many
other
outward
maladies
and
diseases
,
(
Andernacus
and
Gesner
adde
to
these
the
Apoplexy
)
all
which
,
for
auoyding
of
prolixity
,
I
doe
here
puposely
omit
.
Neither
will
I
further
trouble
the
Reader
with
the
recitall
of
diuers
and
sundry
excellent
remedies
,
and
medicines
,
found
out
and
made
of
it
in
these
latter
times
,
by
the
Spagyricke
Physitians
,
and
others
:
In
so
much
that
Ioseph
Quercetanus
,
one
of
those
,
is
verily
of
opinion
,
that
out
of
this
one
indiuiduall
minerall
,
well
and
exquisitely
prepared
,
there
might
be
made
all
manner
of
remedies
and
medicines
sufficient
for
the
storing
and
furnishing
of
a
whole
Apothecaries
shop
.
But
it
will
(
perhaps
)
be
obiected
by
some
one
or
other
in
this
manner
:
If
vitrioll
,
which
as
most
doe
hold
,
is
hote
and
dry
in
the
third
degree
,
or
beginning
of
the
fourth
,
nay
,
of
a
causticke
quality
,
and
nature
(
as
Discorides
is
of
opinion
)
should
here
be
predominant
,
then
the
water
of
this
fountaine
must
needs
bee
of
great
heat
and
acrimony
;
and
so
become
not
onely
vnprofitable
,
but
also
very
hurtfull
for
mans
vse
to
be
drunke
,
or
inwardly
taken
.
To
which
obiection
(
not
to
take
any
aduantage
of
the
answer
,
which
many
learned
Physitians
doe
giue
,
viz.
that
vitrioll
is
not
hot
,
but
cold
)
I
say
:
First
,
that
although
all
medicinall
waters
doe
participate
of
those
mineralls
,
by
which
they
doe
passe
,
yet
they
haue
them
but
weakly
(
viribus
refractis
)
especially
when
in
their
passages
they
touch
,
and
meet
with
diuers
other
minerals
of
opposite
tempers
and
natures
.
Secondly
I
answer
,
that
in
all
such
medicinall
fountaines
,
as
this
,
simple
water
doth
farre
surpasse
and
exceed
in
quantity
,
whatsoeuer
is
therewith
intermixed
;
by
whose
coldnesse
it
commeth
to
passe
,
that
the
contrary
is
scarce
,
or
hardly
perceiued
.
For
example
,
take
one
proportion
of
any
boyling
liquor
to
100.
or
more
,
of
the
same
cold
,
and
you
will
hardly
find
in
it
any
heat
at
all
.
Suppose
then
vitrioll
to
be
hot
in
the
third
degree
,
it
doth
not
therefore
follow
,
that
the
water
,
which
hath
his
vertue
chiefly
from
it
,
should
heat
in
the
same
degree
.
This
is
plainly
manifest
not
onely
in
this
fountaine
,
but
also
in
all
others
,
which
haue
an
acide
taste
,
being
indeed
rather
cold
,
then
hot
,
for
the
reasons
aboue
mentioned
.
CHAP.
10.
Of
the
effects
,
which
this
fountaine
worketh
,
and
produceth
in
those
,
who
drinke
of
it
.
EXperience
sheweth
sufficiently
,
besides
reason
,
that
this
water
first
,
and
in
the
beginning
cooleth
such
,
as
vse
it
:
But
being
continued
,
it
heateth
and
dryeth
;
and
this
for
the
most
part
it
doth
in
all
,
yet
not
alwayes
.
For
(
as
we
shall
more
fully
declare
afterwards
)
it
effecteth
cures
of
opposite
,
and
quite
contrary
natures
,
by
the
second
and
third
qualities
,
wherewith
it
is
endowed
;
curing
diseases
both
hot
,
cold
,
dry
,
and
moist
.
Those
waters
(
saith
-
Renodaeus
)
which
are
replenished
with
a
vitrioline
quality
,
as
those
at
the
Spaw
,
doe
presently
heale
,
and
(
as
it
were
)
miraculously
cure
diseases
,
which
are
without
all
hope
of
recouery
;
hauing
that
notable
power
,
and
faculty
from
vitrioll
;
by
the
vertue
and
efficacy
whereof
,
they
passe
through
the
meanders
,
turnings
,
and
windings
of
all
parts
of
the
whole
body
.
Whatsoeuer
is
hurtfull
,
or
endammageth
it
,
that
they
sweepe
and
carie
away
:
what
is
profitable
and
commodious
,
they
touch
not
,
nor
hurt
:
that
,
which
is
flaccid
,
and
loose
,
they
bind
and
fasten
:
that
,
which
is
fastned
,
and
strictly
tyed
,
they
loose
:
what
is
too
grosse
and
thicke
,
they
incide
,
dissolue
,
attenuate
,
and
expell
.
More
particularly
,
the
water
of
this
fountaine
hath
an
incisiue
and
abstersiue
faculty
to
cut
,
and
loosen
the
viscous
and
clammy
humours
of
the
body
,
and
to
make
meable
the
grosse
:
as
also
by
its
piercing
and
penetrating
power
,
subtilty
of
parts
,
and
by
his
deterging
and
desiccatiue
qualities
to
open
all
the
obstructions
,
or
oppilations
of
the
mesentery
(
from
whence
the
seeds
of
most
diseases
doe
arise
and
spring
)
liuer
,
splen
,
kidneis
,
and
other
interiour
parts
,
and
(
which
is
more
to
be
noted
and
obserued
)
to
coole
,
and
contemperate
their
vnnaturall
heat
,
helping
,
and
remouing
also
all
the
griefes
and
infirmities
depending
thereupon
.
Besides
all
this
,
it
comforteth
the
stomacke
by
the
astriction
it
hath
from
other
minerals
,
especially
iron
,
so
that
(
without
doubt
)
of
a
thousand
,
who
shall
vse
it
discreetly
and
with
good
aduice
(
their
bodies
first
being
well
and
orderly
prepared
by
some
learned
and
skilfull
Physitian
,
according
to
the
states
thereof
,
and
as
their
infirmities
shall
require
)
there
will
scarcely
be
any
one
found
who
shall
not
receiue
great
profit
thereby
.
Moreouer
,
it
clenseth
,
and
purifieth
the
whole
masse
of
blood
contained
in
the
veynes
,
by
purging
it
from
the
seresity
peccant
,
and
from
cholericke
,
phlegmaticke
,
and
melancholike
humours
;
and
that
principally
by
vrine
,
which
passeth
through
the
body
very
cleare
,
and
in
great
quantity
,
leauing
behind
it
the
minerall
forces
,
and
vertues
.
Their
stooles
,
who
drinke
of
it
,
are
commonly
of
a
blackish
,
or
darke
greene
colour
,
partly
because
it
emptieth
the
liuer
and
splen
from
adust
humours
,
and
melancholy
,
or
the
sediment
of
blood
;
but
more
especially
,
because
the
mineralls
intermixed
doe
produce
and
giue
such
a
tincture
.
CHAP.
11.
In
what
diseases
the
water
of
this
Fountaine
is
most
vsefull
and
beneficiall
.
OVer
and
besides
the
peculiar
and
specificall
faculties
,
which
this
fountaine
hath
,
it
sheweth
diuers
and
sundry
other
manifest
effects
and
qualities
in
euacuating
the
noxious
humours
of
the
body
,
for
most
part
by
vrine
,
especially
when
there
is
any
obstruction
about
the
kidneyes
,
vreters
and
bladder
:
Or
by
vrine
and
stoole
both
,
if
the
mesentery
,
liuer
,
or
splen
,
chance
to
bee
obstructed
.
But
,
if
the
affect
or
griefe
be
in
the
matrix
or
womb
,
then
it
clenseth
that
way
according
to
the
accustomed
and
vsuall
manner
of
women
.
In
melancholicke
people
it
purgeth
by
prouoking
the
haemorrhoides
,
and
in
cholericke
by
siege
,
or
stoole
.
If
it
causeth
either
vomit
or
sweat
,
it
is
very
seldome
and
rare
.
See
here
a
most
admirable
worke
guided
by
the
omnipotency
and
wisedome
of
the
Almighty
,
that
a
naturall
,
cleare
,
and
pure
water
,
should
produce
so
many
and
seuerall
effects
and
operations
,
being
all
of
them
in
a
manner
contrary
one
to
another
,
which
few
medicines
composed
by
art
can
easily
performe
without
hurt
and
dammage
to
the
party
.
Wherefore
being
drunke
with
those
cautions
and
circumstances
necessarily
required
thereunto
,
it
is
to
be
preferred
before
many
other
remedies
,
as
not
onely
procuring
these
euacuations
;
but
also
(
which
is
more
to
be
noted
)
staying
them
,
when
they
grow
to
any
excesse
.
For
seeing
that
here
are
minerals
contained
both
hot
,
cold
,
dry
,
aperitiue
,
astringent
,
&c.
there
is
none
so
simple
but
must
needs
thinke
and
grant
,
that
it
cannot
otherwise
bee
but
good
and
wholesome
in
grieuances
,
and
diseases
,
which
in
their
owne
natures
are
opposite
.
But
I
may
instance
in
some
few
,
for
which
it
is
good
and
profitable
,
and
therein
obserue
some
order
and
methode
;
It
dryeth
the
ouer
moist
braine
,
and
helpeth
the
euils
proceeding
therefrom
,
as
rhumes
,
catarrhs
,
palsies
,
cramps
,
&c.
It
is
also
good
and
auaileable
against
inueterate
head-aches
,
migrims
,
turnings
,
and
swimmings
of
the
head
and
braine
,
dizzinesse
,
epilepsie
,
or
falling
sicknesse
,
and
the
like
cold
and
moist
diseases
of
the
head
.
It
cheereth
and
reuiueth
the
spirits
,
strengthneth
the
stomacke
,
causeth
a
good
and
quicke
appetite
,
and
furthereth
digestion
.
It
helpeth
the
blacke
and
yellow
Iaundisse
,
and
the
euill
,
which
is
accompanied
with
strange
feare
and
excessiue
sadnesse
without
any
euident
occasion
,
or
necessary
cause
,
called
Melancholia
Hypochondriaca
.
Likewise
the
cachexy
,
or
euill
habit
of
the
body
,
and
the
dropsie
in
the
beginning
thereof
,
before
it
be
too
farre
gone
.
For
besides
that
it
openeth
obstructions
,
it
expelleth
the
redundant
water
contained
in
the
belly
,
and
contemperateth
the
vnnaturall
heat
of
the
liuer
.
It
cooleth
the
kidneyes
or
reynes
,
and
driueth
forth
sand
,
grauell
,
and
stones
out
of
them
,
and
also
hindreth
the
encrease
or
breeding
of
any
new
,
by
the
concretion
,
and
saudering
of
grauell
,
bred
of
a
viscous
and
clammy
humour
,
or
substance
.
The
same
it
performeth
to
the
bladder
,
for
which
it
is
also
very
beneficiall
,
if
it
chance
to
haue
any
euill
disposition
either
in
the
cauity
thereof
,
or
in
the
necke
of
it
,
and
shutting
muscle
called
Sphincter
,
whereby
the
whole
part
,
or
member
is
let
and
hindred
in
his
office
and
function
.
Moreouer
,
if
there
chance
to
be
any
vlcer
in
the
parts
last
specified
,
or
any
sore
,
or
fistula
in
perinaeo
through
an
impostume
ill
cured
,
this
water
is
a
good
remedy
for
it
,
in
regard
of
its
clensing
,
cicatrizing
and
constringing
power
,
and
vertue
;
and
for
that
cause
it
is
very
proper
and
commodious
for
the
acrimony
and
sharpnesse
of
vrine
,
and
against
the
stopping
and
suppression
of
vrine
,
difficulty
of
making
water
,
and
the
strangury
.
Although
it
is
very
auaileable
against
the
stone
in
the
kidneyes
,
and
against
the
breeding
,
and
increase
of
any
new
there
;
yea
,
and
against
little
ones
,
that
are
loose
in
the
bladder
;
yet
notwithstanding
it
will
afford
little
or
small
benefit
to
those
,
in
whom
it
is
growne
to
bee
very
great
and
big
in
the
bladder
:
Because
nothing
will
then
serue
to
breake
it
,
as
Brassauolus
saith
,
but
a
Smiths
anuile
and
hammar
.
Neuerthelesse
,
if
in
this
case
incision
be
vsed
,
it
will
be
very
commodious
both
for
mundifying
and
consolidating
the
wound
,
made
for
the
extraction
of
it
.
It
shall
not
bee
needfull
to
speake
much
of
the
profit
,
which
will
ensue
by
the
fit
administration
of
it
in
the
inveterat
venereous
Gonorrhaea
,
causing
it
to
cease
and
stay
totally
,
and
correcting
the
distemper
,
and
the
euill
vlcerous
disposition
of
the
seed
vessels
,
&
the
vicine
parts
.
There
are
very
few
infirmities
properly
incident
to
women
,
which
this
water
may
not
seeme
to
respect
much
.
The
vse
whereof
,
after
the
aduice
and
councell
had
of
the
learned
Physitian
,
for
the
well
and
orderly
preparing
their
bodies
,
is
singular
good
against
the
greene
sicknesse
,
and
also
very
commodious
and
behoouefull
to
procure
their
monthly
euacuations
,
as
also
to
stay
their
ouer
much
flowing
;
as
well
to
correct
,
as
to
stay
their
white
floods
;
as
well
to
dry
the
wombe
being
too
moist
,
as
to
heat
it
being
too
cold
,
through
which
causes
and
distempers
conception
(
for
the
most
part
)
is
let
and
hindered
in
cold
Northerne
Countries
,
as
England
,
and
the
like
.
For
by
the
helpe
of
it
these
distempers
are
changed
and
altered
,
the
superfluous
humidities
and
mucosities
are
taken
away
,
the
part
is
corroborated
,
and
the
retentiue
vertue
is
strengthned
.
This
hath
beene
so
much
,
and
so
often
obserued
at
the
ancient
Spaw
,
that
it
cannot
otherwise
,
but
bee
also
verified
at
this
in
after
times
,
when
it
shall
bee
frequented
(
as
those
haue
beene
)
with
the
company
of
Ladyes
,
and
Gentlewomen
:
Diuers
whereof
,
hauing
beene
formerly
barren
for
the
space
of
ten
,
twelue
yeares
,
or
moe
,
and
drinking
of
those
waters
for
curing
and
helping
some
other
infirmities
,
then
for
want
of
fruitfulnesse
,
haue
shortly
conceiued
after
their
returne
home
to
their
husbands
,
beyond
their
hopes
and
expectations
.
Besides
all
this
,
it
is
good
for
those
women
,
who
,
though
otherwise
apt
enough
to
conceiue
,
yet
by
reason
of
the
too
much
lubricity
of
their
wombes
,
are
prone
to
miscarry
and
abort
,
if
before
conception
they
shall
vse
it
with
those
cautions
and
directions
requisite
.
Also
it
respecteth
very
much
the
hard
scirrhous
and
cancarous
tumours
,
and
the
grieuous
soares
,
and
dangerous
vlcers
of
the
matrix
All
these
excellent
helpes
and
many
moe
it
performeth
to
women
with
more
speedy
successe
,
if
it
be
also
receiued
by
iniection
.
But
here
by
the
way
,
all
such
women
,
who
are
with
child
,
are
to
be
admonished
,
that
they
forbeare
to
vse
it
during
that
time
.
In
children
it
killeth
and
expelleth
the
wormes
of
the
guts
and
belly
,
and
letteth
and
hindreth
the
breeding
and
new
encrease
of
any
moe
.
I
will
here
forbeare
to
write
any
thing
of
the
benefits
which
it
affordeth
against
old
and
inueterate
itches
,
morphewes
,
leprosies
,
&c.
in
regard
the
other
three
sulphurous
fountaines
,
before
mentioned
,
doe
more
properly
respect
such
like
grieuances
.
Neither
will
I
now
spend
any
more
time
in
shewing
what
vertues
it
hath
in
the
cure
of
the
Indian
,
commonly
called
the
French
;
or
rather
Spanish
disease
:
because
experience
hath
found
out
a
more
certaine
and
sure
remedy
against
it
.
CHAP.
12.
Of
the
necessity
of
preparing
the
body
before
the
vse
of
this
water
.
IT
is
not
in
most
things
the
bare
and
naked
knowledge
or
contemplation
of
them
,
that
makes
them
profitable
to
vs
;
but
rather
their
right
vse
,
and
opportune
and
fit
administration
.
Medicines
are
not
said
to
be
Deorum
manus
,
that
is
,
the
hands
of
the
Gods
,
(
as
Herophilus
calleth
them
)
or
Deorum
dona
;
that
is
,
the
gifts
of
the
Gods
(
as
Hippocrates
beleeued
)
till
they
be
fitly
applyed
and
seasonably
administred
by
the
counsell
and
aduice
of
the
learned
and
skilfull
Physitian
,
according
to
the
true
rules
,
and
method
of
Art
.
Temporibus
medicina
valet
,
data
tempore
prosunt
,
Et
data
non
apto
tempore
vina
nocent
.
That
is
,
Medicines
auaile
in
their
due
times
,
And
profit
is
got
by
drinking
wines
In
timely
sort
;
but
in
all
reason
They
doe
offend
,
drunke
out
of
season
.
Therefore
to
know
th'
originall
mineralls
,
faculties
,
and
vertues
of
this
worthy
acide
fountaine
,
will
bee
to
no
end
,
or
to
small
purpose
for
them
,
who
vnderstand
not
the
right
and
true
vse
,
nor
the
fit
and
orderly
administration
of
it
.
For
not
only
Physicke
or
medicines
,
but
also
meats
,
and
drinks
taken
disorderly
,
out
of
due
time
and
without
measure
,
bringeth
oftentimes
detriment
to
the
partie
;
who
otherwise
might
receiue
comfort
and
strength
therby
:
So
likewise
this
water
,
if
it
be
not
drunke
at
a
conuenient
time
and
season
,
in
due
fashion
and
proportion
,
yea
,
and
that
after
preparatiues
and
requisite
purging
and
euacuation
of
the
body
,
may
easily
〈◊〉
hurt
those
,
whose
infirmities
otherwise
it
doth
principally
respect
.
For
medicines
ought
not
to
be
taken
rashly
,
and
vnaduisedly
,
as
most
doe
hand
ouer
head
without
any
consideration
of
time
,
place
,
and
other
circumstances
;
as
that
ignorant
man
did
,
who
getting
the
recipt
of
that
medicine
,
wherewith
formerly
he
had
been
cured
,
made
triall
of
it
againe
long
after
for
the
same
infirmity
without
any
helpe
or
good
at
all
;
whereat
greatly
maruailing
,
receiued
this
answer
from
his
Physitian
:
I
confesse
(
said
hee
)
it
was
the
selfe
same
medicine
,
but
because
I
did
not
giue
it
,
therefore
it
did
you
no
good
.
To
the
end
therefore
,
that
no
occasion
may
hereafter
be
either
giuen
,
or
taken
by
the
misgouernement
,
or
ouerrashnesse
of
any
in
vsing
it
to
calumniate
and
traduce
the
worth
,
and
goodnesse
of
this
fountaine
,
I
will
briefly
here
sh●w
,
what
course
is
chiefly
to
be
followed
and
obserued
by
those
who
shall
stand
in
need
of
it
.
First
then
,
because
very
few
men
are
throughly
and
sufficiently
informed
concerning
the
natures
,
and
causes
of
their
grieuances
,
it
will
be
necessary
that
euery
one
shold
apply
himselfe
to
some
one
,
or
other
,
who
either
out
of
his
iudgement
,
or
experience
,
or
both
,
may
truely
be
able
to
giue
him
counsell
and
good
aduice
concerning
the
conueniency
of
this
fountaine
.
And
if
he
shall
be
auised
to
vse
it
,
then
let
the
party
(
in
the
feare
of
God
)
addresse
himselfe
for
his
way
to
it
,
against
the
fit
season
of
it
,
without
making
any
long
and
tedious
daies
iourneys
,
which
cause
lassitude
,
and
wearinesse
.
Then
,
being
come
to
the
place
,
he
ought
after
a
dayes
rest
,
or
two
,
to
haue
his
body
wel
prepared
,
&
gently
clensed
with
easie
lenitiues
,
or
purgatiues
,
both
fit
,
and
appropriate
,
as
well
to
the
habite
and
constitution
thereof
,
as
also
for
the
disease
it selfe
,
and
as
occasion
shall
require
,
according
to
the
rule
of
method
,
which
teacheth
that
vniversall
or
generall
remedies
ought
euer
to
precede
and
goe
before
particula●●
.
Now
what
these
are
in
speciall
,
to
fit
euery
ones
case
in
particular
,
is
impossible
either
for
me
here
,
or
any
else
to
define
precisely
.
Ars
non
versatur
circa
indiuidua
.
We
may
see
it
true
in
mechanicall
trades
.
No
one
shoomaker
can
fit
all
by
one
Last
:
nor
any
one
taylor
can
suite
all
by
one
,
and
the
selfe
same
measure
.
Yet
in
regard
it
may
perhaps
bee
expected
that
something
should
be
said
herein
,
I
say
,
that
in
the
beginning
(
if
occasion
serue
)
some
easie
Clyster
may
very
fitly
bee
giuen
,
as
well
for
emptying
the
lower
intestines
from
their
vsuall
excrements
,
as
for
carying
away
and
clensing
the
mucose
slimes
contained
therein
.
After
that
,
it
will
be
conuenient
to
prepare
the
body
by
some
Iulep
or
Apozeme
,
or
to
giue
some
lenitiue
medicine
to
free
the
first
region
of
the
body
from
excrements
.
For
otherwise
the
water
might
peraduenture
conuey
some
part
of
them
,
or
other
peccant
matter
,
which
it
findeth
in
his
passage
either
into
the
bladder
,
or
to
some
other
weake
,
and
infirme
member
of
the
body
,
to
the
increase
of
that
euill
disposition
,
which
is
to
be
remoued
,
or
else
to
the
breeding
of
some
other
new
infirmity
.
Let
no
man
here
think
,
that
this
is
any
strange
position
,
or
a
new
paradoxe
(
for
the
learned
know
the
contrary
)
or
that
I
am
studious
of
innouation
,
but
rather
desirous
to
roote
out
an
old
and
inueterate
errour
,
which
in
all
probabilitie
hath
cost
moe
English
mens
liues
,
then
would
furnish
a
royall
army
,
in
neglecting
those
two
greater
helpes
or
remedies
,
to
wit
,
Purging
,
and
Blood-letting
in
hot
seasons
of
the
yeare
;
which
in
all
likelihood
might
haue
saued
many
of
their
liues
,
while
expecting
more
temperate
weather
,
they
haue
beene
summoned
in
the
meane
time
,
or
interim
,
by
the
messenger
of
pale
death
to
appeare
in
an
other
world
.
Wherefore
let
all
those
who
are
yet
liuing
,
bee
admonished
hereafter
by
their
examples
,
not
obstinately
and
wilfully
to
eschue
and
shunne
these
two
remedies
in
hot
seasons
,
and
in
the
time
of
the
Dog-dayes
,
(
much
lesse
all
other
manner
of
physicall
helpes
)
not
once
knowing
so
much
as
why
,
or
wherefore
,
and
without
any
reason
at
all
,
following
blind
and
superstitious
tradition
,
and
error
,
haply
first
broched
by
some
vnworthy
and
ignorant
Physitian
,
not
rightly
vnderstanding
Hippocrates
his
saying
in
all
likelyhood
,
or
at
least
wise
misapplying
it
.
Which
hath
so
preuailed
in
these
times
,
that
it
hath
not
onely
worne
out
the
vse
of
purging
,
but
also
of
all
other
physicke
for
that
season
,
because
most
people
by
the
name
of
physicke
vnderstanding
purging
onely
,
and
nothing
else
.
As
though
the
art
and
science
of
Physicke
was
nothing
else
,
but
to
giue
a
potion
or
purge
.
Then
we
rightly
and
truly
might
say
,
Filia
deuorauit
matrem
.
But
for
as
much
as
most
people
are
altogether
ignorant
of
the
true
ground
or
reason
,
from
whence
this
so
dangerous
an
error
concerning
the
Dog-dayes
did
first
spring
and
arise
,
giue
me
leaue
a
little
to
goe
on
with
this
my
digression
,
for
their
better
instruction
,
and
satisfaction
;
and
I
will
briefly
,
and
in
few
lines
shew
the
case
,
and
the
mistake
somewhat
more
plainly
.
Hippocrates
in
his
fourth
booke
of
Aphorismes
,
the
fift
,
hath
these
words
:
Sub
canicula
,
&
ante
caniculam
difficiles
sunt
purgationes
.
That
is
,
vnder
the
canicular
,
or
dog-star
,
and
before
the
dog-star
,
purgations
are
painfull
and
difficill
.
This
is
all
that
is
there
said
of
them
,
or
brought
against
them
for
that
season
,
or
time
of
the
yeare
.
A
great
stumbling-blocke
,
against
which
many
haue
dashed
their
feet
,
and
knockt
their
shinnes
,
and
a
fearfull
scar-crow
,
whereat
too
many
haue
nicely
boggled
.
Here
you
doe
not
find
or
see
purging
medicines
to
bee
then
prohibited
,
or
forbidden
to
be
giuen
at
all
(
much
lesse
all
other
physicke
)
but
onely
said
to
be
difficill
in
their
working
:
partly
because
(
as
all
expositors
agree
)
nature
is
then
somewhat
enfeebled
by
the
great
heat
of
the
weather
;
partly
because
the
humours
being
then
,
as
it
were
,
accended
,
are
more
chaffed
by
the
heat
of
the
purging
medicines
;
partly
,
and
lastly
,
because
two
contrary
motions
seeme
then
to
be
at
one
and
the
same
time
,
which
may
offend
nature
;
as
the
great
heat
of
the
weather
leading
the
humours
of
the
body
outwardly
to
the
circumference
thereof
,
and
the
medicine
drawing
them
inwardly
to
the
center
.
All
which
circumstances
in
our
cold
region
are
little
,
or
nothing
at
all
(
as
formerly
hath
beene
mentioned
)
to
be
regarded
.
For
as
Iacobus
Hollerius
,
a
French
Physitian
,
much
honoured
for
his
great
learning
and
iudgement
,
hath
very
well
obserued
in
his
Comment
vpon
this
Aphorisme
;
Hippocrates
speaketh
here
onely
of
those
purging
medicines
,
which
are
strong
,
and
vehement
,
or
hot
and
fiery
;
and
that
this
precept
is
to
take
place
in
most
hot
Regions
,
but
not
in
these
cold
Countries
,
as
France
,
England
,
and
the
like
.
Ouer
and
beside
all
this
,
those
churlish
hot
purging
medicines
,
which
were
then
in
frequent
vse
in
Hippocrates
his
time
,
and
some
hundred
of
yeares
after
,
are
now
for
most
part
obsolete
,
and
quite
growne
out
of
vse
,
seldome
brought
in
practice
by
Physitians
in
these
dayes
;
because
we
haue
within
these
last
six
hundred
yeares
great
choice
and
variety
of
more
mild
,
benigne
,
and
gentle
purgatiues
found
out
by
the
Arabian
Physitians
,
which
were
altogether
vnknowne
vnto
the
ancients
,
to
wit
,
Hippocrates
,
Dioscorides
,
Galen
,
&c.
which
haue
little
heat
,
and
acrimony
,
many
wherof
are
temperate
,
and
diuers
cooling
,
which
may
most
safely
be
giuen
either
in
the
hottest
times
and
seasons
of
the
yeare
,
or
in
the
hottest
diseases
.
Let
vs
adde
to
these
the
like
familiar
and
gentle
purging
medicines
more
lately
,
yea
,
almost
daily
newly
found
out
since
the
better
discoueries
of
the
East
and
West
Indies
.
So
that
henceforth
let
no
man
feare
to
take
either
easie
purgatiues
,
or
other
inward
Physicke
,
in
the
time
of
the
canicular
,
or
dog-dayes
.
The
same
Hollerius
goeth
on
in
the
exposition
and
interpretation
of
the
said
Aphorisme
,
and
confidently
saith
:
Ouer
&
besides
that
we
haue
benigne
medicines
,
which
we
may
then
vse
,
as
Cassia
,
&c.
Wee
know
and
finde
by
experience
no
time
here
with
vs
more
wholsome
and
more
temperat
(
especially
when
the
Etesian
,
or
Easterly
winds
do
blow
)
then
the
Canicular
dayes
:
so
that
,
wee
finde
by
obseruation
,
that
those
diseases
which
are
bred
in
the
moneths
of
Iune
and
Iuly
,
doe
end
in
August
,
and
in
the
Canicular
dayes
.
Wherefore
,
if
a
disease
happen
in
those
dayes
,
we
feare
not
to
open
a
veyne
diuers
times
,
and
often
,
as
also
to
prescribe
more
strong
purging
medicines
.
Wherefore
away
henceforth
with
the
scrupulous
conceit
,
and
too
nice
feare
of
the
Dogge-dayes
,
and
let
their
supposed
danger
be
had
no
more
in
remembrance
among
vs
.
And
if
any
will
yet
remaine
obstinate
,
and
still
refuse
to
haue
their
beames
pulled
out
of
their
eyes
,
let
them
still
be
blinde
in
the
middest
of
the
cleare
Sun-shine
,
and
groape
on
after
darknes
:
and
let
all
learned
Physitians
rather
pitty
their
follies
,
then
enuy
their
wits
.
CHAP.
13.
At
what
time
of
the
yeare
,
and
at
what
houre
of
the
day
it
is
most
fit
and
meet
to
drinke
this
water
.
TO
speake
in
generall
tearmes
,
it
is
a
fit
time
to
drinke
it
,
when
the
ayre
is
pure
,
cleare
,
hot
and
dry
:
for
then
the
water
is
more
tart
,
and
more
easily
digested
,
then
at
other
times
.
On
the
contrary
,
it
is
best
to
forbeare
,
when
the
ayre
is
cold
,
moist
,
darke
,
dull
and
misty
:
for
then
it
is
more
feeble
,
and
harder
to
be
concocted
.
But
more
specially
,
the
most
proper
season
to
vndertake
this
our
English
Spaw
dyet
,
will
be
from
the
middest
or
latter
end
of
Iune
to
the
middle
of
September
,
or
longer
,
according
as
the
season
of
the
yeare
shall
fall
out
to
be
hot
and
dry
,
or
otherwise
.
Not
that
in
the
Spring
time
,
and
in
Winter
it
is
not
also
good
,
but
for
that
the
ayre
being
more
pure
in
Sommer
,
the
water
also
must
needs
be
of
greater
force
and
power
.
Notwithstanding
it
may
sometime
so
happen
in
Sommer
,
that
by
reason
of
some
extraordinary
falling
of
raine
,
there
may
be
a
cessation
from
it
for
a
day
or
two
.
Or
if
it
chance
to
haue
rained
ouer
night
,
it
will
then
be
fit
and
necessary
to
refraine
from
drinking
of
it
,
vntill
the
raine
bee
passed
away
againe
:
or
else
(
which
I
like
better
)
the
fountaine
laded
dry
,
and
filled
againe
,
which
may
well
be
done
in
an
hower
,
or
two
at
most
.
Touching
the
time
of
the
day
,
when
it
is
best
to
drinke
this
water
,
questionlesse
the
most
conuenient
hower
will
be
in
the
morning
,
when
the
party
is
empty
,
and
fasting
,
about
seauen
aclocke
:
Nature
hauing
first
discharged
her selfe
of
daily
excrements
both
by
stoole
and
vrine
,
and
the
concoctions
perfected
.
This
time
is
likewise
fittest
for
exercise
,
which
is
a
great
good
help
,
and
furtherance
for
the
better
distribution
of
the
water
,
whereby
it
doth
produce
its
effects
more
speedily
.
CHAP.
14.
Of
the
manner
of
drinking
this
water
,
and
the
quantitie
thereof
.
THose
who
desire
the
benefit
of
this
Fountaine
,
ought
to
goe
to
it
some
what
early
in
the
morning
,
&
,
if
they
be
able
and
strong
of
body
,
they
may
doe
very
well
to
walke
to
it
on
foot
,
or
at
least
wise
some
part
of
the
way
.
Such
,
as
haue
weake
and
feeble
leggs
may
ride
on
horsebacke
,
or
be
caryed
in
coaches
,
or
borne
in
chaires
.
As
for
those
,
whose
infirmities
cause
them
to
keepe
their
beds
,
or
chambers
,
they
may
drinke
the
water
in
their
lodgings
,
it
being
speedily
brought
to
them
in
a
vessell
or
glasse
well
stopt
.
It
is
not
my
meaning
or
purpose
to
describe
here
particularly
,
what
quantitie
of
it
is
fit
and
meet
for
euery
one
to
drinke
:
for
this
is
part
of
the
taske
and
office
,
which
belongeth
to
the
Physitian
,
who
shall
be
of
counsell
with
the
Patient
in
preparing
and
well
ordering
of
him
:
who
is
to
consider
all
the
seuerall
circumstances
,
as
well
of
the
maladie
or
disease
it selfe
,
as
of
his
habite
and
constitution
,
&c.
Neuerthelesse
I
may
aduise
,
that
at
the
first
it
be
moderately
taken
,
increasing
the
quantitie
daily
by
degrees
,
vntill
they
shall
come
at
last
to
the
full
height
of
the
proportion
appointed
,
and
thought
to
be
meet
and
necessary
.
There
they
are
then
to
stay
,
and
so
to
continue
at
that
quantitie
,
so
long
as
it
shall
be
needfull
.
For
example
,
the
first
morning
may
happely
be
16
or
18
ounces
,
and
so
on
by
degrees
to
20.
30.
40.
50.
60.
or
moe
,
in
people
,
who
are
of
good
and
strong
constitutions
.
Towards
the
ending
,
the
abatement
ought
likewise
to
be
made
by
degrees
,
as
the
increment
was
formerly
made
by
little
and
little
.
Here
by
the
way
every
one
must
be
admonished
to
take
notice
,
that
it
is
not
alwayes
best
to
drinke
most
,
lest
they
chance
to
oppresse
and
ouercharge
Nature
,
that
would
rather
be
content
with
lesse
.
It
will
therefore
be
more
safe
,
to
take
it
rather
somewhat
sparingly
,
though
for
a
longer
time
,
then
liberally
and
for
a
short
time
.
But
,
indeed
,
the
truest
and
iustest
proportion
of
it
,
is
euer
to
be
made
and
esteemed
,
by
the
good
and
laudable
concoction
of
it
,
and
by
the
due
and
orderly
voiding
of
it
againe
.
It
will
not
be
here
amisse
to
adde
this
one
obseruation
further
:
That
it
is
better
to
drinke
this
water
once
a
day
,
then
twice
,
and
that
in
the
mornings
,
after
that
the
Sunne
hath
dryed
vp
&
consumed
the
vapors
retained
through
the
coldnesse
of
the
night
,
&c.
as
is
formerly
declared
.
After
drinking
it
,
it
will
be
needfull
to
abstaine
from
meat
&
other
drinke
for
the
space
of
three
or
foure
dayes
.
But
if
any
one
,
who
hath
a
good
stomacke
,
shall
be
desirous
to
take
it
twice
a
day
;
or
if
any
shall
bee
necessarily
compelled
so
to
doe
for
some
vrgent
cause
,
by
the
approbation
of
his
Physitian
,
let
him
dine
somewhat
sparingly
,
and
drinke
it
not
againe
,
vntill
fiue
houres
after
dinner
be
past
,
or
not
vntill
the
concoction
of
meat
and
drinke
in
the
stomacke
be
perfected
:
Obseruing
likewise
,
that
hee
content
himselfe
in
the
afternoones
with
almost
halfe
the
quantity
he
vseth
to
take
in
the
mornings
.
CHAP.
15.
Of
the
manner
of
dyès
to
be
obserued
by
those
,
who
shall
vse
this
water
.
THe
regiment
of
life
in
meats
and
drinks
,
ought
chiefly
to
consist
in
the
right
and
moderate
vse
of
those
,
which
are
of
light
and
easie
digestion
,
and
of
good
and
wholesome
nourishment
,
breeding
laudable
iuice
.
Therefore
all
those
are
to
be
auoyded
,
which
beget
crude
and
ill
humours
.
There
ought
furthermore
speciall
notice
to
be
taken
,
that
great
diuersity
of
meats
and
dishes
at
one
meale
is
very
hurtfull
,
as
also
much
condiments
,
sauces
,
spice
,
fat
,
&c.
in
their
dressing
and
cookery
.
I
commend
hens
,
capons
,
pullets
,
chickens
,
partridge
,
phesants
,
turkies
,
and
generally
all
such
small
birds
,
as
liue
in
woods
,
hedges
,
and
mountaines
.
Likewise
I
doe
approue
of
veale
,
mutton
,
kid
,
lambe
,
rabbets
young
hare
or
leuerits
,
&c.
All
which
(
for
the
most
part
)
are
rather
to
be
roasted
then
boyled
.
Neuerthelesse
those
,
who
are
affected
with
any
dry
distemper
,
or
those
,
who
otherwise
are
so
accustomed
to
feed
,
may
haue
their
meats
sodden
;
but
the
plainer
dressing
,
the
better
.
I
discommend
all
salt
meats
,
beefe
,
bacon
,
porke
,
larde
,
and
larded
meats
,
hare
,
venison
,
tripes
,
and
the
entrailes
of
beasts
,
puddings
made
with
blood
,
pig
,
goose
,
swan
,
teale
,
mallard
,
and
such
like
;
and
in
generall
all
water-Fowle
,
as
being
of
hard
digestion
and
ill
nutriment
.
Amongst
the
seuerall
kinds
of
fishes
,
trouts
,
pearches
,
loaches
,
and
for
most
part
,
all
scaly
fish
of
brookes
,
and
fresh
riuers
may
well
bee
permitted
.
Moreouer
smelts
,
soales
,
dabs
,
whitings
,
sturbuts
,
gurnets
,
and
all
such
other
,
as
are
well
knowne
not
to
be
ill
,
or
vnwholesome
to
feed
on
.
All
which
may
be
altered
with
mint
,
hyssope
,
anise
,
&c.
Also
cre-fishes
,
crab-fish
,
lobsters
,
and
the
like
,
may
bee
permitted
.
Cunger
,
salmon
,
eeles
,
lampries
,
herrings
,
salt-ling
,
all
salt-fish
,
sturgion
,
anchouies
,
oysters
,
cockles
,
muscles
,
and
the
like
shell-fish
are
to
be
disallowed
.
White-meats
,
as
milke
,
cruds
,
creame
,
old
cheese
,
custards
,
white-pots
,
pudding-pyes
,
and
other
like
milke-meats
,
(
except
sweet
butter
,
and
new
creame
cheese
)
are
to
be
forbidden
.
Soft
and
reer
egges
we
doe
not
prohibit
.
Raisons
with
almonds
,
bisket-bread
,
marchpane-stuffe
,
suckets
,
and
the
like
,
are
not
here
forbidden
to
be
eaten
.
Let
their
bread
be
made
of
wheat
,
very
well
wrought
,
fermented
or
leauened
;
and
let
their
drinke
be
beere
well
boyled
and
brewed
;
and
let
it
bee
stale
,
or
old
enough
,
but
in
no
wise
tart
,
sharp
,
or
sower
:
And
aboue
all
let
them
forbeare
to
mixe
the
water
of
the
fountaine
with
their
drinke
at
meales
;
for
that
may
cause
many
inconueniences
to
follow
,
and
ensue
.
Let
me
aduise
them
to
eschew
apples
,
peares
,
plumbs
,
codlings
,
gooseberries
,
and
all
such
like
sommer
fruits
,
either
raw
,
in
tarts
,
or
otherwise
:
Also
pease
,
and
all
other
pulse
;
all
cold
sallets
,
and
raw
hearbs
;
onions
,
leekes
,
chiues
,
cabbage
or
coleworts
,
pompons
,
cucumbers
,
and
the
like
.
In
stead
of
cheese
at
the
end
of
meales
,
it
will
not
bee
amisse
to
eate
citron
,
or
lemon
pils
condited
,
or
else
fenell
,
anise
,
coriander
comfits
,
or
biskets
and
carawayes
,
as
well
for
to
discusse
and
expell
wind
,
as
to
shut
and
close
the
stomacke
,
for
the
better
furthering
the
digestion
of
meats
,
and
drinkes
.
And
for
that
purpose
,
it
would
bee
much
better
,
if
the
Physitian
,
who
is
of
counsell
,
should
appoint
and
ordaine
some
fit
and
proper
Tragea
in
grosse
powder
mixed
with
sugar
,
or
else
made
into
little
cakes
or
morsels
.
Likewise
marmalade
of
quinces
,
either
simple
or
compound
,
(
such
as
the
Physitians
do
often
prescribe
to
their
patients
)
may
be
vsed
very
commodiously
.
After
dinner
they
ought
to
vse
no
violent
exercise
,
neither
ought
they
to
sit
still
,
sadly
,
heauy
,
and
musing
,
nor
to
slumber
,
and
sleepe
;
but
rather
to
stirre
a
little
,
and
to
raise
vp
the
spirits
for
an
houre
or
two
,
by
some
fit
recreation
.
After
supper
they
may
take
a
walke
into
the
fields
,
or
Castle
yard
.
CHAP.
16.
Of
the
Symptomes
or
accidents
,
which
may
now
and
then
chance
to
happen
to
some
one
or
other
in
the
vse
of
this
water
.
ALthough
those
who
are
of
good
and
strong
constitutions
,
obseruing
the
aforenamed
direction
,
doe
seldome
or
neuer
receiue
any
hurme
,
or
detriment
by
drinking
this
water
:
notwithstanding
it
may
sometime
so
fall
forth
,
that
some
of
the
weaker
sort
may
perhaps
obserue
some
little
,
or
small
inconuenience
thereby
,
as
retention
of
it
in
the
body
:
inflation
of
the
bellie
:
costiuenesse
,
and
the
like
.
Wherefore
to
gratifie
those
,
a
word
two
of
euery
one
shall
suffice
.
First
then
,
for
to
cause
a
more
ready
and
speedy
passage
of
it
by
vrine
,
it
will
not
be
amisse
to
counsel
the
partie
after
his
returne
to
his
lodging
to
goe
to
his
naked
bed
for
an
houre
or
two
,
that
thereby
warmnesse
,
and
naturall
heat
may
be
brought
into
each
part
of
the
body
,
the
passages
more
opened
,
and
nature
by
that
meanes
made
more
fit
and
apt
for
the
expulsion
of
it
.
During
which
time
it
will
be
very
requisite
to
apply
hot
cloathes
to
the
stomack
:
but
not
so
as
to
prouoke
sweat
.
Or
else
,
to
cause
it
to
voyd
and
evacuate
either
by
vrine
,
stoole
,
or
sweat
,
exercise
will
be
a
good
helpe
and
furtherance
;
if
the
party
be
fit
for
it
.
But
if
neither
of
these
will
preuaile
,
then
a
sharpe
glyster
ought
to
be
administred
.
The
inflation
or
swelling
of
the
belly
hapneth
principally
to
those
,
who
haue
feeble
and
weake
stomacks
;
who
may
do
very
wel
to
eate
anise
,
fenell
,
or
coriander
comfits
at
the
fountaine
betweene
euery
draught
,
and
to
walke
a
little
after
;
or
else
some
carminatiue
Lozenges
,
made
with
grossepowders
,
spices
and
seeds
for
breaking
of
wind
:
or
what
other
thing
the
learned
Physitian
shall
deeme
to
be
most
fit
and
proper
in
his
wisdome
,
and
iudgment
.
But
if
the
inflation
chance
to
be
very
great
,
then
a
carminatine
glyster
must
be
ordained
.
Such
as
shall
be
very
costiue
may
doe
well
to
eat
moistning
meats
,
and
to
vse
mollifying
hearbes
,
raisons
stoned
,
corants
,
damascene
prunes
,
butter
,
or
the
yolkes
of
egges
,
and
the
like
in
their
broths
,
or
pottage
.
If
these
will
not
be
sufficient
,
then
let
a
day
be
spared
from
drinking
the
water
,
and
let
the
party
take
some
lenitiue
medicine
,
as
laxatiue
corants
,
or
some
such
like
thing
;
whereof
the
Physitian
hath
euer
great
choice
and
variety
,
wherewith
he
can
fit
directly
euery
one
his
case
;
to
whom
present
recourse
euer
ought
to
be
had
,
when
any
of
these
,
or
the
like
accidents
doe
happen
,
as
likewise
in
all
other
cases
of
waight
and
moment
.
FINIS
.