The
fyrst
decade
.
¶
THE
FIRSTE
BOOKE
OF
THE
DECADES
of
the
Ocean
,
written
by
Peter
Martyr
of
Angleria
,
Milenoes
,
counsiler
to
the
kyng
of
Spayne
and
Protonotarie
Apostolicall
,
To
Ascanius
Sphorcia
,
vicount
Cardinall
.
&c.
THE
REVERENDE
AND
thanckefull
antiquite
was
accustomed
to
esteme
those
men
as
goddes
,
The
reward
of
vert●e
by
whose
industrie
and
magnanimitie
suche
Landes
and
Regions
were
discouered
,
as
were
vnknowen
to
theyr
predicessoures
.
But
vnto
vs
hauynge
onely
one
god
whom
we
honour
in
triplicitie
of
person
,
this
resteth
,
that
albeit
we
do
not
woorship
that
kind
of
men
with
diuine
honoure
,
yet
do
we
reuerence
them
,
and
woorthely
maruell
at
theyr
noble
actes
and
enterprises
.
Unto
kynges
and
princes
we
gyue
due
obeysaunce
,
by
whose
gouernaunce
and
furtheraunce
they
haue
bin
ayded
,
to
perfurme
theyr
attemptes
.
we
commende
bothe
,
and
for
theyr
iust
desertes
worthely
extoll
them
.
Wherfore
,
as
concernynge
the
Ilandes
of
the
west
Ocean
,
The
Ilandes
of
the
weste
Ocean
.
lately
discouered
,
&
of
the
auctours
of
the
same
,
(
whiche
thynge
you
desyre
by
your
letters
to
knowe
)
I
wyll
begynne
at
the
fyrst
auctoure
therof
,
leste
I
be
iniurious
to
any
man
.
Take
it
therfore
as
foloweth
.
¶
Christophorus
Colonus
(
other
wise
called
Columbus
)
A
gentilman
of
Italy
,
Christophorus
Colonus
.
borne
in
the
citie
of
Genua
,
perswaded
Fernando
and
Elyzabeth
,
catholike
prynces
,
that
he
doubted
not
to
fynde
certayne
Ilandes
of
India
,
India
.
nere
vnto
owre
Occean
sea
,
if
they
wolde
furnysshe
hym
with
shyppes
and
other
thynges
apperteynynge
.
Affyrminge
that
therby
not
onely
the
Christian
religion
myght
be
enlarged
,
but
Spayne
also
enryched
by
the
great
plentie
of
golde
,
pearles
,
precious
stones
,
and
spices
,
whiche
might
be
founde
there
.
At
the
lenghte
three
shyppes
were
appoynted
hym
at
the
kinges
charges
:
of
the
which
one
was
a
great
caracte
with
deckes
:
and
the
other
twoo
were
light
marchaunte
shyppes
without
deckes
,
whiche
the
Spaniardes
call
Carauelas
.
Thus
he
departed
from
the
costes
of
Spaine
about
the
calendes
of
September
,
in
the
yere
of
Christ
1492.
and
set
forward
on
his
viage
,
The
fyrst
viage
of
Colonus
.
being
accompanied
with
C
C.
xx
.
Spanyardes
.
The
fortunate
Ilandes
(
as
manye
thinke
them
to
be
,
whiche
the
Spaniardes
call
Canariae
,
The
Ilandes
of
Canarie
.
found
but
of
late
dayes
)
are
distaunte
from
the
Ilandes
of
Gades
,
Gades
or
Cals
mals
.
a
thousande
and
twoo
hundreth
myles
,
accordyng
to
theyr
accompte
:
for
they
say
they
are
distant
three
hundreth
leaques
:
A
leaque
,
what
it
conteyneth
by
sea
.
wheras
such
as
are
expert
sea
men
,
affyrme
that
euery
leaque
conteyneth
foure
myles
,
after
theyr
supputations
.
These
Ilandes
were
called
fortunate
,
the
fortunate
Ilandes
.
for
the
temperate
ayre
whiche
is
in
them
.
For
neyther
the
coldenesse
of
wynter
is
sharpe
vnto
them
,
nor
the
heate
of
sommer
intollerable
.
Yet
some
men
are
of
opinion
,
that
those
were
in
olde
tyme
called
the
fortunate
Ilandes
,
Cabouerde
.
whiche
the
Portugales
call
Capo
Verde
.
Colonus
therfore
sayled
fyrste
to
the
Ilandes
of
Canariae
,
to
the
intente
there
to
refreshe
his
shyppes
with
freshe
water
and
fuell
,
before
he
committed
him selfe
to
this
so
laborious
a
vyage
.
And
bycause
I
haue
here
made
ment●on
of
the
Ilandes
of
Canariae
:
It
shall
not
be
muche
from
my
purpose
to
declare
howe
of
vnknowen
they
became
knowen
,
and
of
saluage
and
wilde
,
better
manured
.
For
by
the
longe
course
of
manye
yeres
,
they
were
forgotten
,
and
remayned
as
vnknowen
.
These
seuen
Ilandes
(
the●fore
)
called
the
Canaries
,
The
seuen
Ilandes
of
Canarie
.
were
founde
by
chaunce
by
a
frenche
man
,
called
Betanchor
,
Betanchor
A
frenche
man
subdued
the
Ilandes
of
Canarie
.
by
the
permission
of
queene
Katharine
,
protectrixe
of
kyng
Iohn
her
son
,
while
he
was
yet
in
his
nonage
,
about
the
yere
of
Christe
.
M.
CCCC
.
V.
This
Betanchor
inuaded
twoo
of
these
Ilandes
called
Lancelotus
and
Fort●suentura
,
L●ncelotus
.
Fortisuentura
.
whiche
he
inhabited
and
brought
to
better
culture
.
He
beinge
deade
,
his
son
and
heire
solde
bothe
the
sayde
Ilandes
to
certayne
Spaniardes
.
After
this
,
Fernandus
Peraria
and
his
wyfe
,
inuaded
Ferrea
and
Gomera
.
Ferrea
.
Gomera
.
The
other
three
were
subdued
in
our
tyme
.
Grancanaria
,
Grancanaria
.
by
Perrus
de
Vera
,
citezen
of
the
noble
citie
of
Xericium
,
and
Michaell
of
Moxica
.
Palma
and
Tenerifen
,
Palma
.
Tenerifen
.
by
Alphonsus
Lugo
,
at
the
kynges
charges
.
Gomera
and
Ferrea
were
easely
subdued
:
But
the
matter
wente
harde
with
Alphonsus
Lugo
.
Alphonsus
Lugo
.
For
that
naked
and
wylde
nation
,
fyghtinge
onely
with
stones
and
clubbes
,
droue
his
armie
to
flighte
at
the
fyrste
assaulte
,
and
slewe
aboute
foure
hundreth
of
his
men
.
But
at
the
length
he
ouercame
them
.
And
thus
all
the
Ilandes
of
Canariae
were
added
to
the
dominion
of
Spayne
.
From
these
Ilandes
Colonus
directynge
his
viage
towarde
th●
weste
,
folowinge
the
fallinge
of
the
sonne
,
but
declining
somwhat
towarde
the
left
hande
,
sayled
on
forwarde
.xxxiii.
dayes
continually
,
hauynge
onely
the
fruition
of
the
heauen
and
the
water
.
Then
the
Spanyardes
whiche
were
accompanied
with
hym
,
beganne
fyrste
to
murmure
secretely
among
them selues
:
and
shortly
after
with
wordes
of
reproche
spake
euyll
of
Colonus
theyr
gouernoure
,
Colonus
men
rebel
against
hym
.
and
consulted
with
them selues
,
eyther
to
rydde
hym
out
of
the
waye
,
orelles
to
cast
hym
into
the
sea
:
Ragyng
that
they
were
deceyued
of
a
straunger
,
an
outlandishe
man
,
a
Ligurian
a
Genues
,
and
brought
into
suche
daungerous
places
,
that
they
myght
neuer
returne
ageyne
.
And
after
.xxx.
days
were
paste
,
they
furiousely
cryed
out
againste
him
,
and
threatned
him
that
he
shulde
passe
no
further
.
But
he
euer
with
ientyll
wordes
and
large
promyses
,
Faire
wo●des
and
promises
.
appeased
theyr
furie
,
and
prolonged
day
after
day
,
some
tyme
desyring
them
to
beare
with
hym
yet
a
whyle
,
and
some
time
putting
them
in
remembrance
that
if
they
shulde
attempte
any
thinge
agaynst
him
,
or
otherwise
disobey
hym
,
it
wolde
be
reputed
for
treason
.
Thus
after
a
fewe
dayes
,
with
cherefull
hartes
they
espied
the
lande
longe
looked
for
.
In
this
fyrst
nauigation
,
he
discouered
.vi.
Ilandes
,
wherof
twoo
were
exceding
great
:
Of
whiche
,
the
one
he
called
Hispaniola
,
hispaniola
.
and
the
other
Iohanna
.
Iohanna
.
But
at
that
tyme
he
knewe
not
perfectely
that
Iohanna
(
other
wyse
called
Cuba
,
)
was
an
Ilande
.
As
they
coasted
alonge
by
the
shore
of
certayne
of
these
Ilandes
,
they
harde
nyghtingales
synge
in
the
thycke
woodes
in
the
month
of
Nouember
.
Nightingales
synge
in
Nouember
.
They
found
also
great
riuers
of
freshe
water
,
and
naturall
hauens
,
of
capacitie
to
harborowe
greate
nauies
of
shippes
.
Saylinge
by
the
coastes
of
Iohanna
,
from
the
northe
poynte
to
the
west
,
he
rode
lyttell
le●se
then
eyght
hundreth
miles
(
for
they
call
it
a
hundreth
and
foure
score
leaques
)
supposyng
that
it
had
byn
the
continent
or
fyrme
land
,
bicause
he
coulde
nother
fynd
the
landes
ende
,
nor
any
token
of
the
ende
,
as
farre
as
he
coulde
iudge
with
his
eye
:
wherfore
he
determined
to
returne
backe
agayne
,
beyng
therto
partly
enforced
by
the
roughnesse
of
the
sea
.
for
the
sea
banckes
of
the
Ilande
of
Iohanna
,
by
sondrye
wyndinges
and
turnynges
,
bende
them selues
so
muche
towarde
the
Northe
,
that
the
northnortheaste
wynde
roughely
tossed
the
shyppes
by
reason
of
the
wynter
.
Turnynge
therfore
the
stemmes
of
his
shyppes
towarde
the
Easte
,
he
affyrmed
that
he
had
founde
the
Ilande
of
Ophir
,
The
Ilande
of
Ophir
.
whyther
Salomons
shyppes
sayled
for
golde
.
But
the
description
of
the
Cosmographers
well
considered
,
it
seemeth
that
bothe
these
,
and
the
other
Ilandes
adioynyng
,
are
the
Ilandes
of
Antilia
.
The
ilandes
of
Anti●ia
.
This
Ilande
he
called
Hisp●niola
:
on
whose
northe
syde
as
he
approched
nere
to
the
lande
,
the
keele
or
bottome
of
the
biggeste
vessell
ranne
vpon
a
blynde
rocke
couered
with
water
,
A
shypwrack
and
cloue
in
sunder
.
But
the
playnenesse
of
the
rocke
was
a
helpe
to
them
that
they
were
not
drowned
.
Makynge
haste
therfore
with
the
other
two
sh●ps
to
helpe
them
,
they
brought
awaye
al
the
men
without
hurte
.
Here
comming
fyrst
a
land
,
they
sawe
certayne
men
of
the
Ilande
:
The
people
of
the
Iland●
.
who
perceauynge
an
vnknowen
nation
comminge
towarde
them
,
flocked
together
and
ranne
al
into
the
thycke
wooddes
,
as
it
hadde
byn
hares
courc●d
with
grehoundes
.
Naked
people
.
Owre
men
pursuing
them
,
tooke
onely
one
woman
,
whom
they
brought
to
the
shyppes
:
where
fyllinge
her
with
meate
and
wyne
,
and
apparelinge
her
,
they
let
her
departe
to
her
company
.
Shortly
after
a
greate
multitude
of
them
came
runnynge
to
the
shore
to
beholde
this
newe
nation
,
whom
they
thought
to
haue
discended
from
heauen
.
They
cast
them selues
by
heapes
into
the
sea
,
and
came
swimminge
to
the
shyppes
,
bryngyng
golde
with
them
,
Expert
swimmers
▪
go●d
for
erth
and
glasse
.
which
they
chaunged
with
owre
men
for
erthen
pottes
,
drinking
gla●ses
,
poyntes
,
pynnes
,
hawkes
belles
,
lokinge
gla●ses
,
and
suche
other
trifles
.
Thus
growing
to
further
familiaritie
,
owre
men
were
honorably
enterteyned
of
the
kynge
of
that
parte
of
the
Ilande
,
Many
kinges
whose
name
was
Guaccanarillus
:
for
it
hath
many
kynges
,
as
when
Eneas
arriued
in
Italy
,
he
founde
Latium
diuided
into
many
kyngedomes
and
prouinces
,
as
Latium
,
Mezeurium
,
Turnum
,
and
Tarchontem
,
which
were
seperated
with
narow
boundes
,
as
shall
more
largely
appere
hereafter
.
At
the
euen
tyde
about
the
faulyng
of
the
sonne
,
Relygious
&
humaine
people
when
owre
men
went
to
praier
,
and
kneled
on
their
knees
after
the
maner
of
the
Christians
,
they
dyd
the
lyke
also
.
And
after
what
maner
so
euer
they
sawe
them
praye
to
the
crosse
,
they
folowed
them
in
all
poyntes
as
well
as
they
coulde
.
They
shewed
much
humanitie
towardes
owre
men
:
and
helpen
them
with
theyr
lighters
or
small
boates
(
whiche
they
call
Canoas
)
to
vnlade
theyr
broken
shyppe
:
Canoas
.
And
that
with
suche
celeritie
and
cherefulnesse
,
that
no
frende
for
frende
,
or
kynseman
for
kynseman
,
in
suche
case
moued
with
pitie
,
coulde
do
more
.
Theyr
boates
are
made
only
of
one
tree
,
Mono●yla
.
They
haue
no
Iren.
made
holow
with
a
certain
sharpe
stone
(
for
they
haue
no
yron
.
)
And
are
very
longe
and
narowe
.
Many
affirme
that
they
haue
sene
some
of
them
with
fortie
ores
.
The
wylde
and
myscheuous
people
called
Canibales
,
or
Caribes
,
whiche
were
accustomed
to
eate
mannes
flesshe
(
and
called
of
the
olde
writers
,
Anthropophagi
)
molest
them
excedyngly
,
Can●bales
or
Caribes
Anthropophagi
.
inuadynge
theyr
countrey
,
takynge
them
captiue
,
kyllyng
and
eatyng
them
.
As
owre
men
sayled
to
the
Ilandes
of
these
meke
and
humayne
people
,
they
lefte
the
Ilandes
of
the
Canibales
,
in
maner
in
the
middest
of
theyr
viage
towarde
the
south
.
They
complayned
that
theyr
Ilandes
were
no
lesse
vexed
with
the
incursions
of
these
manhuntyng
Canibales
when
they
go
forth
a
rouynge
to
seeke
theyr
praye
:
The
crueltie
of
the
Canibales
.
then
are
other
tame
beastes
,
of
Lyons
and
Tigers
.
Such
chyldren
as
they
take
,
they
geld
to
make
them
fat
as
we
doo
cocke
chikyns
and
younge
hogges
,
and
eate
them
when
they
are
wel
fedde
:
of
suche
as
they
eate
,
they
fyrst
eate
the
intralles
and
extreme
partes
,
as
handes
,
feete
,
armes
,
necke
,
and
heade
.
The
other
moste
fle●shy
partes
,
they
pouder
for
store
,
as
we
do
pestelles
of
porke
and
gammondes
of
bakon
.
Yet
do
they
absteyne
from
eatynge
of
women
and
counte
it
vyle
.
Therfore
suche
younge
women
as
they
take
,
they
keepe
for
increace
,
as
we
doo
hennes
to
leye
egges
.
The
olde
women
,
they
make
theyr
drudges
.
They
of
the
Ilandes
(
which
we
may
nowe
caul
owres
)
bothe
the
men
and
the
women
when
they
perceaue
the
Canibales
coming
,
haue
none
other
shyfte
but
onely
to
flie
:
for
althoughe
they
vse
very
sharpe
arrowes
made
of
reedes
,
yet
are
they
of
small
force
to
represse
the
furie
of
the
Canibales
:
for
euen
they
them selues
confesse
,
that
tenne
of
the
Canibals
are
able
to
ouercome
a
hundreth
of
them
if
they
encountre
with
them
.
Theyr
meate
is
a
certeyne
roote
which
they
cal
Ages
:
Ages
.
Rootes
●n
the
steede
or
meate
.
muche
lyke
a
na●ew
roote
in
fourme
and
greatnesse
:
but
of
sweete
taste
,
muche
lyke
a
greene
chestnutte
.
They
haue
also
an
other
kynde
of
rootes
,
whiche
they
call
Iucca
,
wherof
they
make
breade
in
lyke
man●●
.
Iucca
.
Breade
of
rootes
.
They
vse
Ages
more
often
rosted
or
sodden
,
then
to
make
breade
therof
.
But
they
neuer
eate
Iucca
,
excepte
it
be
firste
sliced
and
pressed
,
(
for
it
is
ful
of
lycoure
)
and
then
baked
or
sodden
.
But
this
is
to
be
marueled
at
,
that
the
iuyce
of
this
roote
is
a
poyson
as
strong
as
Aconitum
,
an
herbe
of
a
straung●
nature
.
so
that
if
it
be
dronke
it
causeth
present
death
,
and
yet
the
breade
made
of
the
●a●e
therof
,
is
of
good
taste
and
holsome
,
as
all
they
haue
proued
.
They
make
also
an
other
kynde
of
breade
of
a
certayne
pulse
,
called
●anicum
,
Ma●●●um
.
muche
lyke
vnto
wheate
,
wherof
is
great
plentie
in
the
dukedome
of
Mylane
,
Spayne
,
and
Granatum
.
But
that
of
this
countrey
is
longer
by
a
spanne
,
somewhat
sharpe
towarde
the
ende
,
and
as
bygge
as
a
mannes
arme
in
the
brawne
:
The
graynes
wherof
are
sette
in
a
maruelous
order
,
and
are
in
fourme
somwhat
lyke
a
pease
.
While
they
be
soure
and
vnripe
,
they
are
white
:
but
when
they
are
ripe
they
be
very
blacke
.
When
they
are
broken
,
they
be
whyter
then
snowe
.
This
kynde
of
grayne
,
they
call
Maizium
.
Golde
is
of
some
estimation
among
them
:
●olde
in
esti●ation
.
for
some
of
them
hange
certain
small
pieces
therof
at
theyr
eares
and
nosethrilles
.
A
lyttell
beyonde
this
place
,
our
men
wente
a
lande
for
fresshe
water
,
where
they
chaunced
vpon
a
Ryuer
whose
sande
was
myxed
with
muche
golde
.
Golde
in
the
sandes
of
ryuers
.
They
founde
there
no
kindes
of
foure
foted
beastes
excepte
three
kyndes
of
lyttell
conyes
.
These
Ilandes
also
nourishe
serpentes
:
Serpentes
without
vem●ne
.
but
such
as
are
without
hurt
.
Lykewise
wylde
geese
,
turtle
doues
,
and
duckes
,
Turtle
doues
Duckes
.
much
greater
then
ours
,
and
as
whyte
as
swannes
,
with
heades
of
purple
colo●re
.
Also
Popiniaies
,
Popingiayes
.
of
the
whiche
some
are
greene
,
some
yelowe
,
and
some
lyke
them
of
India
,
with
yelowe
rynges
about
theyr
neckes
,
as
Plinie
describeth
them
.
Plini
.
Of
these
they
broughte
fortie
with
them
,
of
moste
liuely
and
delectable
coloures
,
hauyng
three
fethers
entermengled
with
greene
,
yelowe
,
and
purple
,
whiche
varietie
,
deliteth
the
sense
not
a
litle
.
Thus
muche
thought
I
good
to
speake
of
Potingiaies
,
(
ryghte
noble
Prynce
)
specially
to
this
intente
,
that
albeit
the
opinion
of
Christophorus
Colonus
(
who
affirmeth
these
Ilandes
to
be
parte
of
India
)
dothe
not
in
all
poyntes
agree
with
the
iudgement
of
auncient
wryters
as
touchynge
the
bignesse
of
the
Sphere
and
compasse
of
the
Globe
as
concernynge
the
nauigable
portion
of
the
same
beynge
vnder
vs
,
These
Iland●s
are
parte
of
India
.
The
Indians
are
Antipodes
to
the
spaniardes
.
yet
the
Popingiaies
and
many
other
thynges
brought
from
thence
,
doo
declare
that
these
Ilandes
sauoure
som●hat
of
India
,
eyther
beynge
nere
vnto
it
,
or
elles
of
the
same
nature
:
forasmuche
as
Aristotle
also
,
Aristotle
.
about
the
ende
of
his
booke
De
C●elo
et
Mundo
.
and
likewise
Seneca
,
Seneca
.
with
diuerse
other
authours
not
ignorant
in
Cosmography
,
do
affirme
that
India
is
no
longe
tracte
by
sea
,
distante
from
Spayne
by
the
weste
Ocean
,
India
not
far
from
Spaine
for
the
soyle
of
these
Ilandes
,
bryngeth
forthe
Mastir
,
Mastir
.
Aloes
,
Aloe
.
and
sundrye
other
sweete
gummes
and
spyces
as
doth
India
.
Cotton
also
of
the
gossampine
tree
,
Gossampyne
cotton
or
bo●base
.
as
in
India
in
the
countrey
of
the
people
called
Seres
.
Seres
.
¶
The
languages
of
all
the
nations
of
these
Ilandes
,
The
language
of
these
Indians
.
maye
well
be
written
with
our
Latine
letters
.
For
they
cal
heauen
Tur●i
.
A
house
,
Boa.
Golde
,
Cauni
.
A
good
man
,
Taino
.
nothing
Mayani
.
All
other
wordes
of
theyr
language
,
they
pronounce
as
playnely
as
we
doo
the
Latine
tongue
.
In
these
Ilandes
they
founde
no
trees
knowen
vnto
them
,
but
pyne
appe
trees
,
and
date
trees
:
Trees
and
frutes
vnknowen
to
vs
.
And
those
of
maruelous
heyght
and
exceding
harde
,
by
reason
of
the
greate
moystnesse
and
fatnesse
of
the
grounde
,
Far
&
moyste
grounde
.
with
continuall
and
temperate
heate
of
the
sonne
,
heate
continuall
and
temperate
.
whiche
endureth
so
all
the
hole
yere
.
They
playnely
affyrme
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
to
be
the
most
fruiteful
lande
that
the
heauen
compasseth
aboute
,
The
fru●tfulnes
of
hispaniola
as
shall
more
largely
appere
hereafter
in
the
particular
description
of
the
same
,
whiche
we
intende
to
sette
foorthe
when
we
shall
be
better
instructed
.
Thus
makynge
a
leage
of
frendshyppe
with
the
kynge
,
and
leauynge
with
hym
.xxxviii.
men
to
searche
the
Ilande
,
he
departed
to
Spayne
takynge
with
hym
.x.
of
the
inhabitauntes
to
lerne
the
Spanishe
tongue
,
to
the
intent
to
vse
them
afterwarde
for
interpretours
.
Colonus
therfore
at
his
returne
,
was
honorably
receaued
of
the
kyng
and
queene
:
who
caused
him
to
sytte
in
theyr
presence
,
whiche
is
a
token
of
great
loue
and
honoure
amonge
the
Spaniardes
.
He
was
also
made
Admirall
of
the
Ocean
:
and
his
brother
gouenoure
of
the
Iland
.
Towarde
the
second
viage
,
The
seconde
viage
of
Colonus
.
he
was
furnished
with
.xii.
shippes
:
wherof
there
were
great
caractes
of
a
thousand
tunne
:
xii
.
were
of
that
sorte
,
whiche
the
Spaniardes
call
Carauelas
:
without
deckes
:
and
twoo
other
of
the
same
sorte
somewhat
bygger
,
and
more
apte
to
beare
deckes
,
by
reason
of
the
gretnesse
of
theyr
mastes
.
He
had
also
a
thousand
and
two
hundreth
armed
footemen
well
appoynted
:
Amonge
whiche
were
many
artificers
,
as
smythes
,
carpenters
,
myners
,
and
suche
other
:
Certayne
horsemen
also
,
wel
armed
:
Likewise
mares
,
shiepe
,
heyghfers
,
and
such
other
of
bothe
kindes
for
incrase
.
Lykewise
all
kynde
of
pulse
or
grayne
and
corne
,
as
wheate
,
barlye
,
rye
,
beanes
and
pease
,
and
suche
other
,
as
well
for
food
as
to
sowe
:
Come
and
sedes
to
sowe
,
Besyde
vynes
,
plantes
and
seedes
,
of
suche
trees
,
fruites
,
and
herbes
,
as
those
countreyes
lacke
.
And
(
not
to
be
forgotten
)
sundry
kindes
of
artillery
&
iron
tooles
,
Tooles
and
artillery
.
as
bowes
,
arrowes
,
crossebowes
,
bylles
,
hargabuses
,
brode
swoordes
,
large
targettes
,
pikes
,
mattockes
,
sh●ouelles
,
hammers
,
nayles
,
sawes
,
ares
,
and
suche
other
.
Thus
beynge
furnished
accordyngely
,
they
set
forwarde
from
the
Ilandes
of
Gad●s
,
(
nowe
called
Cals
,
)
the
.vii.
day
before
the
calendes
of
October
,
in
the
yere
of
Christe
.1493
.
and
arriued
at
the
Ilandes
of
Canarie
,
at
the
calendes
of
October
.
Of
these
Ilandes
,
the
laste
is
called
Ferrea
,
in
whiche
there
is
no
other
water
that
maye
be
drunke
,
but
onely
that
is
gathered
of
the
dewe
whiche
continually
distilleth
from
one
onely
tree
growynge
on
the
h●ghest
backe
of
the
Ilande
,
water
droppyng
from
a
tree
continually
.
and
falleth
into
a
rounde
trenche
made
with
mannes
hande
.
We
were
infourmed
of
these
thynges
within
fewe
dayes
after
his
departure
.
what
shal
succede
,
we
wyl
certifie
yowe
hereafter
.
Thus
fare
ye
well
,
from
the
courte
,
at
the
Ides
of
Nouember
.1493
.
¶
The
seconde
booke
of
the
fyrste
Decade
to
Ascanius
Ph●rcia
,
vicounte
Cardinall
.
&c.
YOwe
repete
(
ryghte
honorable
Prynce
)
that
yowe
are
desirous
to
knowe
what
newes
we
haue
in
Spayne
from
the
newe
worlde
:
and
that
those
thynges
haue
greatly
delyted
you
which
I
wrote
vnto
yowre
highnesse
of
the
fyrste
nauigation
.
Yowe
shal
now
therefore
receaue
what
hath
succeded
.
Methymna
Campi
,
Methymna
Campi
.
is
a
famous
towne
in
high
Spayne
in
the
respect
from
yowe
,
and
is
in
that
parte
of
Spayne
whiche
is
called
Castella
Vetus
:
Castella
vetu●
.
beynge
distante
from
Gades
about
.xl.
myles
.
Here
the
courte
remayned
,
when
aboute
the
.ix.
of
the
kalendes
of
Aprell
in
this
yere
of
nynetie
and
foure
,
there
were
postes
sente
to
the
kynge
and
queene
,
certifyinge
them
that
there
were
.xii.
shippes
come
from
the
newe
Ilandes
and
arryued
at
Gades
.
Gades
But
the
gouernoure
of
the
shyppes
sente
worde
to
the
kynge
and
quene
that
he
had
none
other
matter
to
certifie
them
of
by
the
postes
,
but
onely
that
the
Admiral
with
fiue
shippes
and
.iiii.
score
and
tenne
men
remayned
styll
in
Hispaniola
,
to
searche
the
secretes
of
the
Ilande
.
And
that
as
touching
other
matters
,
he
hym selfe
wolde
shortly
make
ralation
in
theyr
presence
,
by
worde
of
mouthe
.
Therfore
the
daye
before
the
nones
of
Aprel
,
he
came
to
the
courte
him selfe
.
What
I
learned
of
him
and
other
faythefull
and
credible
men
whiche
came
with
hym
from
the
Admirall
,
I
wyl
reherse
vnto
yowe
in
such
order
as
they
declared
the
same
to
me
when
I
demaunded
them
.
Take
it
therfore
as
foloweth
.
The
thyrde
daye
of
the
Ides
of
October
,
departynge
from
Ferrea
,
The
Iland
of
Ferrea
.
the
laste
of
the
Ilandes
of
Canariae
,
and
from
the
costes
of
Spayne
with
a
nauie
of
.xvii.
shippes
,
they
sayled
.xxi.
dayes
before
they
came
to
any
Ilande
:
inclyning
of
purpose
more
towarde
the
lefte
hand
then
at
the
fyrst
viage
,
folowyng
the
northnortheast
wynde
:
and
arriued
fyrst
at
the
Ilandes
of
the
Canibales
,
Ilands
of
the
Canibales
.
or
Caribes
of
which
,
onely
the
fame
was
knowen
to
our
men
.
Amonge
these
,
they
chaunsed
fyrste
vpon
one
,
so
beset
with
trees
,
that
they
coulde
not
se
so
muche
as
an
elle
space
of
bare
earthe
or
stony
grounde
.
this
they
called
Dominica
,
The
Iland
of
Dominica
.
bicause
they
found
it
on
the
sunday
.
They
taried
here
no
tyme
,
bycause
they
sawe
it
be
deserte
.
In
the
space
of
these
.xxi.
dayes
,
they
thynke
that
they
sayled
.viii.
hundreth
and
.xx.
leaques
,
viii
.
hundreth
&
.xx.
leaques
in
.xxi.
dayes
.
the
Northenortheast
wynde
was
so
full
with
them
,
and
so
fresshely
folowed
the
sterne
of
theyr
shyppes
.
After
they
hadde
sayled
a
lyttle
further
,
they
espied
dyuerse
Ilandes
replenysshed
with
sundrye
kyndes
of
trees
,
from
the
whiche
came
fragrant
sauours
of
spyces
and
sweete
gummes
.
Here
they
sawe
neyther
man
nor
beaste
,
except
certayne
lisartes
of
huge
bignesse
,
Lysertes
,
as
they
reported
whiche
went
alande
to
viewe
the
countrey
.
This
Iland
they
cauled
Galana
,
or
Galanta
.
The
Ilande
of
Galanta
.
From
the
cape
or
poynt
of
this
Iland
,
espying
a
mountayne
a
farre
of
,
they
sayled
thyther
.
Aboute
.xxx.
myles
from
this
mountayne
,
they
sawe
a
ryuer
discending
whiche
seemed
to
be
a
token
of
some
great
and
large
fludde
.
This
is
the
fyrste
lande
whiche
they
founde
inhabited
from
the
Ilandes
of
Canariae
,
and
is
an
Ilande
of
the
Canibales
,
The
Iland
of
Guadalupea
.
as
they
lerned
by
the
interpretours
whiche
they
tooke
with
them
from
Hispaniola
into
Spayne
at
theyr
fyrste
viage
.
Serchynge
the
Ilande
,
they
founde
innumerable
villages
of
.xx.
houses
or
.xxx.
at
the
mooste
,
sette
rounde
abowte
in
order
,
Uilages
of
.xx
or
.
●xx
.
houses
.
makynge
the
streete
in
coompasse
lyke
a
markette
place
.
And
for
asmuch
as
I
haue
made
mention
of
theyr
houses
,
it
shal
not
be
greately
from
my
purpose
to
describe
in
what
maner
they
are
buylded
.
They
are
made
rounde
lyke
belles
or
rounde
pauylions
.
The
building
of
theyr
houses
.
Theyr
frame
is
raysed
of
excedynge
hyghe
trees
,
sette
close
together
and
fast
rampaired
in
the
grounde
,
so
standyng
a
slope
and
bending
inward
that
the
tappes
of
the
trees
ioyne
together
and
beare
one
agaynste
an
other
,
hauynge
also
within
the
house
,
certayne
stronge
and
shorte
props
or
postes
whiche
susteyne
the
trees
from
●allynge
.
They
couer
them
with
the
leaues
of
date
trees
and
other
trees
strongly
compact
and
hardened
,
wherewith
they
make
them
close
from
wynde
and
wether
.
At
the
shore
postes
or
proppes
with●n
the
hou●e
,
they
t●e
ropes
of
th●●ottō
of
〈◊〉
trees
,
●●●ampine
●otton
.
or
other
ropes
made
of
certayne
long
and
toughe
●●tes
much
lyke
vnto
the
shrubbe
called
Sp●r●●m
.
wherof
in
olde
tyme
they
vsed
to
make
bondes
for
v●nes
〈…〉
and
rop●●
for
shyppes
.
These
they
tye
ouer
〈◊〉
the
hou●e
fro●
poste
to
poste
.
On
these
they
ley
as
it
〈…〉
matt●e●●es
made
of
the
cotton
of
the
gossamp●ne
tress
,
wh●che
g●●we
plentifully
in
these
Ilandes
.
Th●s
cotton
the
Spani●●des
call
Algodon
,
and
the
Italians
B●m●●sine
.
And
thus
they
●●eepe
in
hangynge
beddes
.
Bomba●e
.
han●in●e
beddes
.
At
the
enteraunce
of
one
of
theyr
hou●es
,
they
sawe
two
Images
of
woodde
lyke
vnto
serpentes
,
wh●che
they
thoughte
had
byn
such
idoles
as
they
honour
.
But
they
le●ned
afterwarde
that
they
were
se●te
there
onely
for
cooml●nesse
.
For
they
knowe
none
other
god
then
the
Sunne
and
Moone
,
althoughe
they
make
certaine
Images
of
gossampine
cotton
to
the
similitude
of
such
phantasies
as
they
say
appere
to
them
in
the
nyghte
.
Images
.
Our
men
found
in
theyr
houses
,
all
kyndes
of
erthen
vessels
,
not
muche
vnlyke
vnto
oures
.
They
founde
also
in
theyr
kichens
,
mannes
flesshe
,
duckes
fless●e
,
and
goose
flesshe
,
al
in
one
pot
:
Fyne
cookery
and
other
on
the
spittes
redye
to
be
layde
to
the
fire
.
Entrynge
into
theyr
inner
lodgynges
,
they
founde
faggottes
of
the
bones
of
mennes
armes
and
legges
,
which
they
reserue
to
make
heades
for
theyr
arrowes
,
Arrowe
heds
of
bones
.
bycause
they
lacke
iron
.
The
other
bones
they
caste
awaye
when
they
haue
eaten
the
flesshe
.
They
founde
likewise
the
heade
of
a
yonge
man
fastened
to
a
poste
and
yet
bledinge
.
They
haue
in
some
villages
,
one
great
haule
or
pallaice
,
aboute
the
whiche
theyr
common
houses
are
placed
.
To
this
they
resort
,
as
often
as
they
come
together
to
playe
.
When
they
perceaued
the
commynge
of
our
men
,
they
fledde
,
in
theyr
houses
they
founde
also
about
xxx
.
chyldren
and
women
captiues
which
were
reserued
to
be
eaten
,
but
our
men
tooke
them
awaye
to
vse
them
for
interpretoures
.
Searchyng
more
diligently
th
ynner
partes
of
the
Ilande
,
they
founde
.vii.
other
ryuers
,
bygger
then
this
whiche
we
spake
of
before
,
runnyng
throughe
the
Ilande
,
with
fruitefull
and
pleasante
banckes
,
delectable
to
beholde
.
This
Ilande
,
they
called
Guadalupea
,
for
the
similitude
that
it
hath
to
the
mounte
Guadalupus
in
Spayne
,
The
mount
Guadalupus●
where
the
Image
of
the
virgin
MARIE
is
religiously
honored
.
But
the
inhabitauntes
caul
it
Carucueria
.
Carucueria
.
or
Queraquiera
.
It
is
the
chiefe
habitation
of
the
Canibales
.
They
brought
from
this
Iland
.vii.
Popinpayes
,
bygger
then
phesantes
,
Popyngayes
bygger
then
phesauntes
muche
differynge
from
other
in
coloure
:
hauynge
theyr
backes
,
brestes
,
and
bealies
of
purple
coloure
,
and
theyr
wynges
of
other
variable
coloures
.
In
al
these
Ilandes
is
no
lesse
plentie
of
popingiayes
then
with
vs
of
sparrowes
or
starlinges
.
As
we
brynge
vp
capons
and
hennes
to
francke
or
make
them
fatte
,
so
do
they
these
bigger
kyndes
of
popyngaies
for
the
same
purpose
.
After
that
they
hadde
thus
searched
the
Ilande
and
dryuen
these
Canibales
to
flyghte
,
The
Canibales
dry●en
to
flyght
.
(
whiche
ranne
awaye
at
theyr
fyrst
approche
as
sone
as
they
had
espied
them
)
they
cauled
theyr
company
together
.
And
as
soone
as
they
had
broken
the
Canibals
boates
or
lyghters
(
whiche
they
call
Canoas
)
they
lowsed
theyr
ankers
the
daye
before
the
Ides
of
Nouember
,
and
departed
from
Guadalupea
.
Colonus
the
admirall
,
for
the
desyre
he
hadde
to
se
his
companions
,
whiche
at
his
fyrst
vyage
he
lefte
the
yere
before
in
Hispaniola
to
searche
the
countrey
,
lette
passe
many
Ilandes
bothe
on
his
righte
hande
and
lefte
hande
,
and
sayled
directly
thyther
.
By
the
waye
,
there
appeared
from
the
Northe
.
A
great
Ilande
which
the
captiues
that
were
taken
in
Hispaniola
,
cauled
Madanino
,
or
Matinino
:
Matinino
an
I●ande
of
women
.
Affirmynge
it
to
be
inhabited
only
with
women
:
To
whom
the
Canibales
haue
accesse
at
certen
tymes
of
the
yeare
,
as
in
owlde
tyme
the
Thracians
had
to
the
Amazones
in
the
Ilande
of
Lesbos
.
The
men
children
,
they
sende
to
theyr
fathers
.
But
the
women
theye
kepe
with
them selues
.
They
haue
greate
and
stronge
caues
or
dennes
in
the
ground
,
to
the
which
they
flye
for
safegarde
if
any
men
resorte
vnto
them
at
any
other
tyme
then
is
appoynted
.
And
there
defende
them selues
with
bowes
and
arrowes
,
ag●nst
the
violence
of
suche
as
attempte
to
enuade
them
.
They
coulde
not
at
this
tyme
approche
to
this
Ilande
,
by
reason
of
the
Northenortheast
wynde
which
blewe
soo
vehemently
from
the
same
,
wher
as
they
nowe
folowed
the
Eastesoutheaste
.
After
they
departed
frome
Madanino
,
and
sayled
by
the
space
of
.xi.
myles
,
they
passed
not
farre
frome
an
other
Ilande
which
the
captyues
sayde
to
bee
verye
peopulous
,
and
replenyshed
with
all
thynges
necessarie
for
the
life
of
man
.
This
they
cauled
Mons
Serratus
,
The
Ilandes
of
Mons
Serratus
.
bycause
it
was
ful
of
mountaynes
.
The
captyues
further
declared
that
the
Canibales
,
are
wonte
at
some
tyme
to
goo
frome
theyr
owne
coastes
aboue
a
thousande
myle
to
hunte
for
men
.
hunt●nge
for
men
.
The
daye
folowynge
,
they
sawe
an
other
Ilande
the
whiche
,
bycause
it
was
rownde
,
they
cauled
Sancta
Maria
Rotunda
.
Sancta
Maria
Rotunda
.
The
nexte
daye
,
theye
founde
an
other
,
which
they
cauled
S.
Marrini
.
Sanctus
Mar●inus
.
Which
they
lette
passe
also
bycause
they
had
no
leasure
to
tarye
.
Lykewyse
the
thirde
daye
they
espyed
an
other
,
whose
Diamerral
syde
extendynge
frome
the
Easte
to
the
weste
,
they
iudged
to
bee
a
hundreth
and
fyftie
myle
.
Theye
affirme
all
these
Ilandes
to
be
maruelous
fayre
and
frutefull
.
This
laste
,
they
cauled
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
.
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
,
Saylyng
yet
forwarde
,
and
leauynge
many
other
Ilandes
,
after
they
had
sayled
aboute
fortie
myle
,
they
chaunced
vpon
an
other
muche
bygger
then
any
of
the
reste
,
which
th
inhabitans
caule
Ay
Ay
,
but
they
named
it
Insula
crucis
.
Insula
crucis
An
Ilande
of
the
Canibals
Heare
they
cast
anker
to
fetche
fresshe
water
.
The
Admiral
also
commaunded
.xxx.
men
to
go
a
lande
out
of
his
owne
shyp
,
and
to
search
the
Ilande
Here
they
founde
fowre
dogges
on
the
shore
.
The
Inhabitants
are
Canibales
,
The
Canibales
are
expert
archers
.
and
maruelous
experte
in
shutinge
,
as
well
women
as
men
:
And
vse
to
infecte
theyr
arrowes
with
poyson
:
when
they
had
taryed
there
two
dayes
,
they
sawe
a
farre
of
,
a
Canoa
,
in
the
whiche
were
eight
men
and
as
manye
women
hauynge
with
them
bowes
and
arrowes
.
Arrowes
infected
with
veneme
.
They
fearsly
assayled
owre
men
withoute
all
feare
,
and
hurte
sum
of
them
with
theyr
venemous
arrowes
.
Amonge
these
there
was
a
certen
woman
to
whome
the
other
gaue
reuerence
and
obeyde
as
though
she
were
theyr
queene
.
Her
sonne
wayted
vppon
her
,
beinge
a
younge
man
,
strongly
made
,
of
terrible
&
frownynge
countenaunce
and
a
lyons
face
.
A
conflict
●ith
the
Canib●les
.
Owre
men
leaste
they
sholde
take
the
more
hurte
by
beinge
wounded
a
farre
of
,
thowght
it
best
to
ioyne
with
them
.
Therfore
with
all
spede
settinge
forewarde
with
their
ores
the
brigantine
in
whiche
they
were
sette
alande
,
they
ouerturned
their
Canoa
with
a
great
violence
,
which
beinge
ouerwhelmed
,
they
notwithstondinge
,
as
well
the
women
as
the
men
swymminge
,
caste
theyr
dartes
at
owre
men
,
thicke
and
threefowlde
.
At
the
lengthe
,
gatherynge
them selues
together
vpon
a
rocke
couered
with
the
water
,
they
fowght
manfully
vntyll
they
were
ouercome
and
taken
,
one
being
slayne
,
and
the
queenes
sonne
sore
wounded
.
When
they
were
browght
into
the
Admirals
shippe
,
they
dyd
no
more
put
of
their
fiernes
and
cruell
countenances
,
The
fiercenes
and
terrible
counten●unce
of
the
Canibales
.
then
do
the
Lyons
of
Libia
when
theye
perceaue
them selues
to
be
bownde
in
chaynes
.
There
is
no
man
able
to
behowlde
them
,
but
he
shall
feele
his
bowelles
grate
with
a
certen
horroure
,
nature
hath
endewed
them
with
soo
terrible
menacynge
,
and
cruel
aspecte
.
This
coniecture
I
make
of
my selfe
and
other
which
often
tymes
wente
with
me
to
see
them
at
Methymna
Campi
.
Methymna
Campi
.
But
nowe
to
returne
to
the
viage
.
Proceadinge
thus
further
and
further
,
more
then
fiue
hundrethe
myles
,
firste
towardes
the
Westesoutheweste
,
then
towarde
the
Southwest
,
and
at
the
lengthe
towarde
the
Weste
northeweste
,
they
entered
into
a
mayne
large
sea
hauinge
in
it
innumerable
Ilandes
,
Innumerable
ilandes
.
maruelouslye
differinge
one
from
an
other
,
for
sum
of
them
were
verye
frutefull
and
full
of
herbes
and
trees
.
Other
sum
,
verye
drye
,
barren
,
and
rowgh
with
high
rockye
mountaynes
of
stone
,
wherof
sum
were
of
bright
blewe
or
asurine
coloure
,
and
other
glysteringe
white
:
wherfore
they
supposed
them
by
good
reason
to
bee
the
mynes
of
metalles
and
precious
stones
.
The
mynes
of
Metales
&
precious
stones
.
But
the
rowghnes
of
the
sea
,
and
mult●tude
of
Ilandes
standinge
so
thicke
togyther
,
hindered
them
soo
,
that
they
cowlde
caste
no
anker
leaste
the
bigger
vesselles
shulde
runne
vppon
the
rockes
.
Therefore
they
deferred
the
searchinge
of
these
Ilandes
vntyl
an
other
tyme
They
were
so
manye
and
stoode
so
thicke
,
that
they
coulde
not
number
them
.
Yet
the
smauler
vesselles
which
drewe
no
greate
depthe
,
entered
emonge
them
and
numbered
fortie
and
syxe
Ilandes
.
But
the
bigger
vesselles
,
kepte
aloofe
in
the
mayne
sea
for
feare
of
the
rockes
.
They
caule
the
sea
where
this
multitude
of
Ilandes
are
situate
,
Archipelagus
.
The
sea
cauled
Archipelagus
.
Frome
this
tracte
proceadinge
forrewarde
,
in
the
mydde
waye
there
lyeth
an
Iland
which
th
inhabitantes
caule
Burichena
,
or
Buchona
.
But
they
named
it
Insula
.
S.
Iohannis
,
Insula
.
S.
Iohannes
o●
Buchena
.
Dyuers
of
theym
whome
we
had
delyuered
frome
the
Canibales
,
sayde
that
they
were
borne
in
this
Ilande
:
affirminge
it
to
be
very
peopulous
and
frutefull
,
hauinge
also
manye
fayre
wooddes
and
hauens
.
There
is
deadly
hatred
and
continual
battayle
betwene
them
&
the
Canibales
,
They
haue
no
boates
to
passe
from
their
owne
coastes
to
the
Canibales
.
But
if
it
bee
their
chaunce
to
ouercome
them
,
when
they
make
incursion
into
theyr
countreye
to
seke
their
praye
(
as
it
sumtyme
happeneth
,
the
fortune
of
warre
beinge
vncerteyne
)
they
serue
them
with
like
sause
,
requiringe
deathe
for
deathe
.
Death
for
d●athe
For
one
of
theym
mangeleth
an
other
in
pieces
,
and
roste
them
and
eate
them
euen
before
their
eyes
.
They
taryed
not
in
this
Ilande
.
Yet
in
the
weste
angle
therof
,
a
fewe
of
them
went
a
lande
for
fresshe
water
,
and
fownd
a
greate
and
h●gh
howse
after
the
maner
of
their
buylding
,
hauinge
.xii.
other
of
their
vulgare
cotages
placed
abowte
the
same
:
The
mountaynes
are
coulder
then
the
playnes
.
but
were
all
lefte
desolate
,
whether
it
were
that
they
resorted
to
the
mountaynes
by
reson
of
the
heate
which
was
that
tyme
of
the
yeare
,
and
to
returne
to
the
playne
when
the
ayre
waxeth
cowlder
,
or
els
for
feare
of
the
Canibales
which
make
incursion
into
the
Ilande
at
certen
seasons
.
In
all
this
Ilande
is
only
one
kinge
.
The
south
syde
hereof
extendeth
abowte
two
hundrethe
myles
.
Shortlye
after
,
they
came
to
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
,
beinge
distante
frome
the
firste
Ilande
of
the
Canibales
,
fyue
hundrethe
leaques
.
From
Dominica
to
hi●paniola
fyue
hundreth
leaques
Here
they
fownde
all
th●nges
out
of
order
,
and
theyr
felowes
slayne
whi●h
they
lefte
here
at
their
fyrste
vyage
.
In
the
beginninge
of
Hispaniola
,
(
hauinge
in
it
many
regions
and
kyngedomes
as
we
haue
sayde
)
is
the
region
of
Xamana
whose
kinge
is
named
Gua●canarillus
.
The
Spany●●des
lefte
in
the
Iland
are
s●ayne
.
kynge
Guaccanari●lus
rebelleth
.
This
Guaccanarillus
ioyned
frendeshippe
with
owre
men
at
the
fyrste
viage
,
and
made
a
league
with
them
:
But
in
the
absence
of
the
Admirall
,
he
rebelled
,
&
was
the
cause
of
owre
mens
destruction
,
althowgh
he
dissimuled
the
same
,
and
pretended
frendship
at
the
Admirales
returne
.
As
owre
men
sayled
on
yet
a
litle
furthe●
,
they
espied
a
longe
Canoa
with
many
ores
,
in
which
was
the
b●other
of
Guaccanarillus
with
only
one
man
waytinge
on
hym
.
He
browght
with
hym
two
Images
of
goulde
,
Two
images
of
goulde
.
which
he
gaue
the
Admirall
in
the
name
of
his
brother
.
And
towlde
a
●ale
in
his
language
as
concerninge
the
deathe
of
owre
men
,
as
they
proued
afterwarde
,
but
at
this
tyme
had
no
regarde
to
his
communication
for
lacke
of
interpretours
,
which
were
eyther
all
deade
,
or
escaped
and
stoulne
awaye
when
they
drewe
nere
the
Ilandes
.
But
of
the
.
x.vii
.
dyed
by
change
of
ayre
and
dyer
.
The
inhabitantes
of
these
Ilandes
haue
byn
euer
soo
vsed
to
liue
at
libert●e
,
in
playe
and
pastyme
,
Libertie
and
idlenes
.
that
they
can
hardely
away
with
the
yoke
of
seruitude
which
they
attempte
to
shake
of
by
all
meanes
they
maye
.
And
surely
if
they
had
receaued
owre
rel●gion
,
I
wolde
thinke
their
life
moste
happye
of
all
men
,
A
happy
kind
of
lyfe
.
if
they
might
therwith
enioye
their
aunciente
libertie
.
A
fewe
thinges
contente
them
,
hauinge
no
delite
in
suche
super●luites
,
Superfluite
.
for
the
which
in
other
places
men
take
infinite
paynes
and
commit
manie
vnlawfull
actes
,
and
yet
are
neuer
satisfied
,
wheras
many
haue
to
muche
,
and
none
inowgh
.
many
haue
to
much
and
none
inough
.
But
emonge
these
simple
sowles
,
a
fewe
clothes
serue
the
naked
:
we●ghtes
and
measures
are
not
needefull
to
such
as
can
not
skyll
of
crafte
and
deceyte
and
haue
not
the
vse
of
pestifetous
monye
,
the
seede
of
innumerable
myscheues
.
So
that
if
we
shall
not
be
ashamed
to
confesse
the
truthe
,
they
seeme
to
lyue
in
that
goulden
worlde
of
the
whiche
owlde
wryters
speake
so
much
▪
The
goulden
worlde
wherin
men
lyued
simplye
and
innocentlye
without
inforcement
of
lawes
,
without
quarellinge
Iudges
and
libelles
,
contente
onely
to
satisfie
nature
,
without
further
vexation
for
knowelege
of
thinges
to
come
.
Yet
these
naked
people
also
are
tormented
with
ambition
for
the
desyre
they
haue
to
enlarge
their
dominions
:
Naked
men
troubled
with
ambicion
.
by
reason
wherof
they
kepe
warre
&
destroy
one
an
other
:
from
the
which
plage
I
suppo●e
the
golden
world
was
not
free
.
For
euen
then
also
,
Cede
,
non
c●dam
,
that
is
,
gyue
place
,
Gyue
place
.
&
I
wyll
not
giue
place
,
had
entred
emonge
men
.
But
nowe
to
returne
to
the
matter
from
which
we
haue
digressed
.
The
admiral
desyrous
to
knowe
further
of
the
death
of
his
men
,
sent
for
Guaccanarillus
to
come
to
him
to
his
ship
,
dissimulinge
that
he
knew
any
thinge
of
the
matter
.
The
Admira
sendeth
for
the
kynge
.
After
that
he
came
aboord
shyp
,
saluting
the
Admiral
&
his
company
gyuing
also
certen
golde
to
the
Capetaynes
and
offycers
,
turned
him
to
the
women
captiues
which
not
longe
before
our
men
had
deliuered
from
the
Canibales
.
And
ernestly
beholding
one
of
them
whome
owre
men
cauled
Catharyne
,
he
spake
gentelly
vnto
her
.
No
horses
in
the
Ilandes
.
And
thus
when
he
had
seene
and
marueyled
at
the
horses
and
suche
other
thinges
as
were
in
the
shyppe
,
vnknowen
to
them
,
and
had
with
a
good
grace
and
merelye
asked
leaue
of
the
Admirall
,
he
departed
.
Yet
sum
there
were
which
counseyled
the
Admirall
to
kepe
hym
styll
:
that
if
they
might
by
any
meanes
proue
that
he
was
consentinge
to
the
deathe
of
owre
men
,
he
might
bee
punished
accordinglie
.
But
the
Admirall
considering
that
it
was
yet
no
tyme
to
incense
th
inhabitantes
myndes
to
wrathe
,
A
tyme
for
all
thynges
.
dysmyssed
hym
.
The
next
daye
folowing
,
the
kinges
brother
resortyng
to
the
shyppes
,
eyther
in
his
owne
name
or
in
his
brothers
,
seduced
the
women
.
For
on
the
next
nyght
about
mydnight
,
this
Katherine
aswell
to
recouer
her
owne
libertie
as
also
her
felowes
,
being
suborned
therto
eyther
by
the
kinge
or
his
brothers
promises
attempted
a
much
more
difficulte
and
daungerous
aduenture
then
dyd
Cloelia
of
Rome
,
A
desperate
aduenture
of
a
woman
.
Cloelia
of
Rome
.
which
beinge
in
hostage
with
other
maydes
to
the
kynge
Porcena
,
deceaued
her
kepers
,
and
rode
ouer
the
ryuer
Tiber
,
with
the
other
virgins
which
were
pledges
with
her
.
For
wheras
they
swamme
ouer
the
ryuer
on
horsebacke
.
This
Katharyne
with
seuen
other
women
,
trustynge
onlye
to
the
strengthe
of
theyr
owne
armes
,
swamme
aboue
three
longe
myles
:
and
that
also
,
at
suche
tyme
as
the
sea
was
sumwhat
rowghe
.
For
euen
soo
farre
of
frome
the
shore
,
lay
the
shippes
at
rode
,
as
nigh
as
they
could
coniecture
But
owre
men
folowinge
them
with
the
shippeboates
,
by
the
same
light
seene
on
the
shore
wherby
the
women
were
ledde
,
tooke
three
of
them
:
supposinge
that
Katharyne
with
the
other
foure
,
wente
to
Guaccanarillus
.
For
in
the
springe
of
the
morninge
,
certen
messengers
beinge
sente
to
hym
by
the
Admirall
,
had
intelligence
that
he
was
fledde
with
all
his
familie
and
stuffe
,
and
the
women
also
.
which
thinge
ministred
further
suspection
that
he
was
consentinge
to
the
death
of
owre
men
.
Wherfore
the
Admirall
sente
forthe
an
armye
of
three
hundrethe
men
,
ouer
the
which
he
appoynted
one
Melchior
to
be
capitayne
,
wylling
hym
to
make
diligent
searche
to
fynde
owte
Guaccanarillus
.
Melchior
therfore
with
the
smauleste
vessels
enteringe
into
the
countreye
by
the
ryuers
and
scouringe
the
shores
,
Guaccanarillus
is
sought
.
●●l●hior
.
chaunced
into
certen
croked
goulfes
defended
with
.v
lyttle
&
stiepe
hilles
,
supposinge
that
it
had
byn
the
mouth
of
sum
greate
ryuer
.
He
founde
here
also
a
verye
commodious
and
safe
hauen
,
and
therefore
named
it
Portus
Regalis
.
They
saye
that
the
enteraunce
of
this
is
so
crooked
and
bendinge
,
that
after
the
shippes
are
once
within
the
same
,
whether
they
turne
them
to
the
lefte
hand
,
or
to
the
ryght
,
they
can
not
perceaue
where
they
came
in
vntyll
they
returne
to
the
mouth
of
the
ryuer
:
Although
it
be
there
so
brode
that
three
of
the
byggeste
vessels
may
sayle
together
on
a
froont
.
The
sharpe
&
high
hilles
on
the
one
syde
and
on
the
other
,
so
brake
the
wynde
,
that
they
were
vncerten
howe
to
rule
theyr
sayles
.
In
the
myddle
gulfe
of
the
ryuer
,
there
is
a
promontorie
or
point
of
the
lande
with
a
pleasaunte
groue
full
of
Popingayes
and
other
byrdes
which
breede
therein
and
singe
verye
sweetlye
.
Popingayes
and
byrdes
They
perceaued
also
that
two
ryuers
of
no
smaule
largenes
fell
into
the
hauen
.
Whyle
they
thus
searched
the
lande
betwene
bothe
,
Melchior
espied
a
high
house
a
farre
of
,
where
supposinge
that
Guaccanarillus
had
lyne
hyd
,
he
made
towarde
it
.
And
as
he
was
goynge
,
there
mette
hym
a
man
with
a
frownynge
countenaunce
and
a
grymme
looke
,
with
a
hundreth
men
folowynge
hym
,
armed
with
bowes
and
arrowes
,
and
long
and
sharpe
staues
like
iauelynnes
,
made
harde
at
the
endes
with
fyre
.
Who
approchyng
towardes
owre
men
,
spake
owte
alowde
with
a
terryble
voyce
,
sayenge
that
they
were
Taini
,
Taini
.
(
that
is
)
noble
men
,
and
not
Canibales
.
But
when
owre
men
had
gyuen
them
signes
of
peace
,
they
lefte
bothe
theyr
weapons
and
fiercenes
.
Thus
geuynge
eche
of
them
certen
haukes
belles
,
haukes
belles
.
they
tooke
it
for
so
greate
a
rewarde
,
that
they
desyred
to
enter
bondes
of
nere
frendeshyppe
with
vs
,
and
feared
not
immediatly
to
submitte
them selues
vnder
owre
power
,
and
resorted
to
our
shyps
with
theyr
presentes
.
They
that
measured
the
house
(
beinge
made
in
rounde
fourme
fownde
it
to
be
from
syde
to
syde
.xxxii.
greate
paces
,
A
large
hous
compased
abowte
with
.xxx.
other
vulgare
houses
,
hauinge
in
them
many
beames
crosse
ouer
,
and
couered
with
reedes
of
sundry
colours
,
Reedes
of
sundry
colours
.
wrethed
and
as
it
were
weaued
with
maruelous
art
When
owre
men
asked
sum
of
them
where
they
myght
fynde
Guaccanarillus
.
They
aunswered
that
that
Region
was
none
of
his
.
But
theyr
kynges
beynge
there
presente
.
Yet
they
sayde
they
supposed
that
Guaccanarillus
was
gone
from
the
playne
to
the
mountaynes
.
Makynge
therfore
a
brotherly
league
with
this
Caccicus
,
Caccius
.
(
that
is
to
saye
a
kynge
)
they
retourned
to
the
Admyrall
to
make
relation
what
they
hadde
seene
and
harde
.
whervppon
he
sent
forth
dyuers
other
Centurians
with
their
hundrethes
to
searche
the
countrey
yet
further
.
Emonge
the
which
were
Hoiedus
and
Gorualanus
,
ho●edus
and
Gorualanus
.
noble
younge
gentlemen
&
of
great
courage
.
And
as
they
went
towarde
the
mountaines
to
seeke
Guaccanarillus
,
dyuidinge
the
mountaynes
betwene
them
one
of
them
fownde
on
the
one
syde
therof
foure
ryuers
faulynge
frome
the
same
mountaynes
:
and
the
other
founde
.iii.
on
the
other
syde
.
In
the
sandes
of
all
these
ryuers
is
fownd
great
plentye
of
goulde
,
Golde
in
ryuers
faulinge
from
mountaynes
.
which
th
inhabitantes
of
the
same
Ilande
which
were
with
vs
,
gathered
in
this
maner
.
Making
holes
in
the
sande
with
theyr
handes
,
a
Cubette
deape
,
and
takynge
vp
sande
with
their
lefte
handes
from
the
botome
of
the
same
,
The
maner
of
gathering
golde
.
they
picked
out
graynes
of
goulde
with
their
ryght
handes
withowte
any
more
arte
or
cunnynge
.
Graynes
of
golde
.
And
so
deliuered
it
to
owre
men
:
who
affirme
that
many
of
them
thus
gathered
,
were
as
bygge
as
tares
or
fytchis
.
And
I
my selfe
sawe
a
masse
of
rude
goulde
,
A
masse
of
rude
go●de
weighinge
.ix
ounces
.
(
that
is
to
say
,
suche
as
was
neuer
molten
)
lyke
vnto
suche
stones
as
are
founde
in
the
bottomes
of
ryuers
,
weighinge
nyne
ownces
,
which
Hoieda
him selfe
fownde
.
Beinge
contented
with
these
signes
,
they
returned
to
the
Admirall
to
certifie
him
hereof
.
For
the
Admirall
had
commaunded
vnder
payne
of
punyshement
that
they
shuld
meddle
no
further
then
their
commission
:
which
was
only
to
searche
the
places
with
their
signes
.
For
the
fame
went
that
there
was
a
certeyne
kynge
of
the
mountaynes
from
whense
those
ryuers
had
their
faule
,
whom
they
caule
Cacicus
Caunaboa
that
is
,
the
lord
of
the
house
of
golde
.
Cannaboa
,
kynge
of
the
house
of
gold
For
they
caule
a
house
Boa
,
goulde
,
Cauni
:
and
a
kynge
or
Lorde
,
Cacicus
,
as
we
haue
sayde
before
.
hol●ome
water
and
plentie
of
fysshe
.
They
affirme
that
there
can
noo where
be
found
better
fysshe
,
nor
of
more
pleasant
tast
,
or
more
holsome
then
in
these
ryuers
:
also
the
waters
of
the
same
to
be
most
holsom
to
drynke
.
Melchior
hym selfe
towld
me
,
that
in
the
moneth
of
December
,
The
day
and
nyght
of
equal
length
in
December
.
the
days
and
nyghtes
bee
of
equal
length
among
the
Canibalis
.
But
the
sphere
or
circles
of
the
heauen
,
agreeth
not
thervnto
.
●yrdes
breed
in
December
Albeit
that
in
the
same
moneth
,
sume
byrdes
make
their
nestes
,
and
sume
haue
alredy
hatched
their
egges
by
reason
of
the
heate
beinge
rather
continuall
then
extreme
.
He
towlde
me
also
when
I
questioned
with
hym
as
concernynge
the
eleuation
of
the
pole
from
the
horizontal
lyne
,
The
eleuation
of
the
po●e
that
al
the
sterres
cauled
Plastrum
or
charles
wayne
,
The
starres
are
cauled
gardens
of
the
pole
,
are
hydde
vnder
the
Northe
pole
to
the
Canibales
.
And
surely
there
returned
none
from
thense
at
this
viage
,
to
whome
there
is
more
credit
to
be
gyuen
,
then
to
this
man
.
But
if
he
had
byn
skilfull
in
Astronomye
,
he
shulde
haue
sayde
that
the
day
was
almoste
equall
with
the
night
.
For
in
no
place
towarde
the
stay
of
the
sonne
(
cauled
Solsticium
)
can
the
night
be
equall
with
the
day
.
And
as
for
them
,
they
neuer
came
vnder
the
Equinoc●iall
,
The
Equinotial
lyne
.
for
asmuch
as
they
had
euer
the
northe
pole
theyr
guyde
,
and
euer
eleuate
in
sight
aboue
the
Horizontal
.
Thus
haue
I
briefely
written
vnto
yowre
honoure
,
as
muche
as
I
thought
sufficiente
at
this
tyme
.
And
shall
shortly
hereafter
(
by
Gods
fauoure
)
wryte
vnto
you
more
largely
of
suche
matters
as
shal
be
dayly
better
knowen
.
For
the
admirall
hym selfe
(
whome
I
vse
famylyerly
as
my
verye
frende
)
hathe
promysed
me
by
his
letters
,
that
he
wyl
gyue
me
knowlege
of
al
such
thynges
as
shall
chaunce
.
He
hath
nowe
chosen
a
stronge
place
where
he
may
buyld
a
Citie
nere
vnto
a
comodious
hauen
.
And
hath
alredy
buylded
many
houses
and
a
chapell
in
the
whiche
(
as
in
a
newe
worlde
heretofore
voyde
of
all
religion
)
god
is
dayly
serued
with
.xiii.
preestes
accordinge
to
the
maner
of
owre
churches
.
A
chapel
and
preestes
.
When
the
tyme
nowe
approched
when
he
promysed
to
sende
to
the
kynge
and
queene
,
and
hauynge
prosperous
wynde
for
that
purpose
,
sent
backe
the
.xii.
Carauelles
wherof
we
made
mencion
before
it
was
no
smaul
hynderance
and
greefe
,
vnto
hym
:
Especially
consyderynge
the
death
of
his
men
whom
he
lefte
in
the
Ilande
at
the
fyrst
vyage
,
wherby
we
are
yet
ignorant
of
many
places
&
other
secretes
wherof
we
might
otherwyse
haue
had
further
knowleage
.
But
as
tyme
shall
reueale
them
ageyne
,
so
wyll
I
aduertyse
yowe
of
the
same
.
And
that
you
may
the
better
knowe
by
conference
had
with
the
Apothecaries
and
marchaunt
strangers
Sirophenicians
,
Marchaunts
Sirophenicians
.
what
these
Regions
beare
,
and
howe
hotte
theyr
ground
is
,
I
haue
sent
you
all
kyndes
of
graynes
,
with
the
barke
&
inner
partes
of
that
tree
whiche
they
suppose
to
bee
the
Cinamome
tree
.
The
Cynamome
tree
.
And
yf
it
be
your
pleasure
to
taste
eyther
of
the
graynes
,
or
of
the
smaule
seedes
the
which
you
shoulde
perceaue
to
haue
fawlen
from
these
graynes
,
or
of
the
wodde
it selfe
,
touch
them
firste
softely
mouinge
them
to
your
lyppes
.
For
although
they
bee
not
hurtefull
,
yet
for
theyr
excesse
of
heate
,
they
are
sharpe
and
byte
the
tongue
,
yf
they
remayne
any
whyle
theron
.
But
if
the
tongue
be
blystered
by
tastynge
of
them
,
the
same
is
taken
away
by
drynkynge
of
water
.
Of
the
corne
also
wherof
they
make
theyr
breade
,
this
brynger
shall
delyuer
sume
graynes
to
your
Lordeshyppe
bothe
whyte
and
blacke
:
And
therwith
also
,
a
Trunke
of
the
tree
of
Aloes
The
which
if
you
cutte
in
peeces
,
Xiloaloes
or
lignum
Aloes
.
you
shall
feele
a
sweete
sauoure
to
proceade
from
the
same
.
Thus
fare
you
hartely
wel
.
From
the
courte
of
Methimna
Campi
.
The
thyrde
day
before
the
Calendes
of
May
.
Anno.
Domini
,
M.
CCCC
.
XCIIII
.
¶
The
thyrde
boke
of
the
fyrst
Decade
,
to
Lodouike
Cardinall
of
Aragonye
and
Neuie
to
the
kynge
.
YOwe
desyre
that
folyshe
Phaeton
shulde
ageine
rule
the
Chariotes
of
the
Sunne
:
The
fable
of
Phaeton
.
And
contende
the
drawe
sweete
lycoures
out
of
the
harde
flynte
,
wheras
you
requyre
me
to
dysscribe
vnto
you
the
newe
worlde
,
fownde
in
the
weste
by
the
good
fortune
&
gouernaunce
of
the
Catholike
Princes
Ferdinandus
and
Helisabeth
,
kynge
Ferdinandus
and
queene
Helizabeth
your
Uncle
and
Aunte
:
shewyng
me
also
the
letters
of
kynge
Frederike
your
vncle
,
wrytten
to
me
in
the
same
behalfe
.
But
sythe
you
haue
layde
this
burden
on
my
backe
,
in
whose
power
it
is
to
commaunde
me
to
take
vppon
me
more
then
I
am
wel
able
.
Ye
bothe
shal
receaue
this
precious
stone
,
rudely
closed
in
leade
after
my
maner
of
workemanshyppe
.
Wherfore
when
you
shall
perceaue
the
lerned
sorte
frendelye
:
The
malicious
,
enuiously
:
And
the
backebyters
,
furiously
,
to
bende
theyr
sclaunderous
dartes
ageynst
owre
fayre
Nimphes
of
the
Ocean
,
hereides
.
He
meaneth
the
Ilandes
.
You
shall
freely
proteste
in
howe
short
tyme
,
and
in
the
myddeste
of
what
troubles
and
calamities
,
you
haue
enforced
me
to
wryte
of
the
same
.
Thus
fare
you
well
frome
Granata
the
ninthe
day
before
the
Calendes
of
May
.
¶
We
haue
declared
in
the
boke
here
before
,
howe
the
Admirall
passed
by
the
coastes
of
the
Canibales
to
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
with
his
whole
nauie
.
hispaniola
.
But
nowe
we
entende
further
to
shewe
what
he
fownde
as
concernynge
the
nature
of
this
Ilande
,
after
that
he
had
better
searched
the
seacreates
of
the
same
:
Likewyse
of
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
nere
vnto
it
which
he
yet
supposed
to
bee
the
firme
lande
.
Hispaniola
therfore
(
which
he
affirmeth
to
bee
Ophir
,
●phir
whether
Salomons
●hips
sayled
for
golde
.
wherof
we
reade
in
the
thyrde
boke
of
the
kynges
)
is
of
latitude
,
fyue
southe
degrees
:
hauynge
the
northe
pole
eleuate
on
the
northe
syde
.xxvii.
degrees
:
And
on
the
Southe
syde
(
as
they
saye
)
xxii
.
degrees
.
It
reacheth
in
length
from
the
Easte
to
the
Weste
,
seuen
hundrethe
and
foure
score
myles
.
It
is
distant
from
the
Ilandes
of
Gades
(
cauled
Cales
)
xlix
.
degrees
,
and
more
as
sum
saye
.
The
forme
of
the
Ilande
,
resembleth
the
leafe
of
a
chesnutte
tree
.
Uppon
a
high
hyll
on
the
North
syde
of
the
Ilande
,
he
buylded
a
citie
,
Isabella
.
bycause
this
place
was
most
apte
for
that
purpose
by
reason
of
a
myne
of
stones
which
was
nere
vnto
the
same
,
seruynge
well
bothe
to
buylde
with
,
and
also
to
make
lyme
.
At
the
bottome
of
this
hyll
,
is
there
a
great
playne
of
three
score
myles
in
lengthe
:
A
playne
of
threescore
myles
of
lengthe
.
and
in
bredth
sumwhere
.xii.
sumwhere
.xx.
myles
where
it
is
brodest
,
and
.vi.
myles
where
it
is
narowest
Through
this
playne
runne
dyuers
fayre
ryuers
of
holsome
waters
.
But
the
greatest
of
them
which
is
nauigable
,
fauleth
into
the
hauen
of
the
citie
for
the
space
of
halfe
a
furlonge
.
Howe
fertile
and
fruitfull
this
valley
is
,
you
shal
vnderstand
by
these
thynges
which
folowe
.
On
the
shore
of
this
ryuer
,
A
token
of
maruelous
fruitfu●nes
,
they
haue
lymyted
and
enclosed
certeyne
grounde
to
make
gardeynes
and
orchiardes
,
in
the
which
al
kyndes
of
bygger
herbes
,
as
radyshe
,
letuse
,
colewortes
,
borage
,
and
such
other
,
waxe
rype
within
.xvi.
dayes
after
the
seede
is
sowen
.
Lykewyse
Melones
,
Gourdes
,
Cucumers
,
and
suche
other
,
within
the
space
of
.xxxvi.
dayes
.
These
garden
herbes
,
they
haue
fresshe
and
greene
all
the
whole
yeare
.
herbes
grene
at
the
hole
yeare
.
Also
the
rootes
of
the
canes
or
reedes
,
of
the
lycour
wherof
,
suger
is
made
,
growe
a
cubette
high
within
the
space
of
.xv.
dayes
:
Suger
reeds
Plantes
and
vines
.
but
the
lycoure
is
not
yet
hardened
.
The
lyke
they
affirme
of
plantes
or
shrouddes
of
younge
vines
:
And
that
they
haue
the
second
yeare
gathered
ripe
and
sweete
grapes
of
the
same
.
But
by
reason
of
to
muche
rankenes
,
they
beare
but
fewe
clusters
.
Furthermore
,
a
man
of
the
countrey
sowed
a
lyttle
wheate
about
the
Calendes
of
February
,
and
brought
with
hym
to
the
citie
a
handefull
of
the
rype
eares
of
the
same
the
thyrde
day
before
the
calendes
of
Aprell
:
which
was
that
yeare
the
vigile
of
the
Resurrection
of
owre
Lorde
.
Also
,
al
kyndes
of
pulse
,
as
beanes
,
peason
,
fytches
,
tares
,
and
suche
other
,
are
rype
twyse
in
the
yeare
,
Corne
and
grayne
rype
twise
a
yeare
as
all
they
which
come
from
thense
,
affirme
with
one
voyce
:
Yet
that
the
grounde
is
not
vniuersally
apte
to
beare
wheate
.
In
the
meane
tyme
whyle
these
thynges
were
doinge
,
the
Admirall
sent
owte
a
companye
of
xxx
.
men
to
searche
the
Region
of
Cipangae
,
otherwyse
cauled
Cibana
This
Region
is
full
of
mountaynes
and
rockes
:
The
Region
of
C●panga
or
Cibana
.
And
the
myddle
ba●ke
of
the
hole
Ilande
in
the
whiche
is
greate
plentie
of
goulde
.
Golde
.
When
they
that
went
to
searche
the
Region
,
were
returned
they
reported
maruelous
thynges
as
touchinge
the
great
ryches
of
this
Region
.
Frome
these
mountaynes
,
descende
foure
greate
ryuers
,
Foure
greate
ryuers
.
which
by
the
maruelous
industrye
of
nature
,
deuided
the
hole
Ilande
into
foure
partes
,
in
maner
equall
,
ouerspreadinge
and
wateringe
the
hole
Ilande
with
their
branches
.
Of
these
foure
ryuers
,
the
one
reacheth
towarde
the
Easte
.
This
the
inhabitantes
caule
Iunna
:
An
other
,
towarde
the
Weste
,
and
is
cauled
Attibunicus
.
The
thirde
towarde
the
Northe
,
named
Iachem
:
the
laste
reacheth
into
the
Southe
,
and
is
cauled
Naiba
.
The
daye
before
the
Ides
of
Marche
,
the
Admiral
him selfe
with
al
his
horse
men
and
foure
hundreth
footemen
,
The
golden
region
of
Cibana
.
marched
directly
towarde
the
South
syde
of
the
goulden
Region
.
Thus
passinge
ouer
the
ryuer
,
the
plaine
and
the
mountayne
which
enuironed
the
other
syde
of
the
playne
,
he
chaunced
vpon
an
other
vale
the
which
a
ryuer
muche
bygger
then
the
fyrste
,
and
many
other
meane
ryuers
runne
throwgh
.
When
he
had
also
conueighed
his
armye
ouer
the
ryuer
and
passed
the
seconde
vale
whiche
was
in
no
part
inferiour
to
the
firste
,
he
made
away
through
the
thirde
mountayne
,
Uales
and
mountaynes
.
where
was
no
passage
before
,
and
descended
into
an
other
vale
which
was
nowe
the
beginninge
of
Cibana
.
The
vale
of
Cibana
.
Through
this
also
runne
many
fluddes
,
and
ryuers
,
out
of
euery
hyll
,
and
in
the
sandes
of
theym
all
,
is
fownde
great
plentie
of
goulde
.
And
when
he
had
nowe
entered
three
score
and
twelue
myles
into
the
goulden
region
from
the
citie
he
entended
to
buylde
a
fortresse
vppon
the
toppe
of
a
hyll
,
standing
by
the
shore
of
a
certeyne
great
ryuer
,
that
he
might
the
better
and
more
safelye
searche
the
secreates
of
the
inner
partes
of
the
Region
.
This
he
cauled
the
fortresse
of
saynte
Thomas
.
The
which
in
the
meane
tyme
whyle
he
was
buyldynge
,
th
inhabitantes
beinge
desirous
of
haukes
belles
and
other
of
owre
thinges
,
Golde
for
haukes
bels
.
resorted
dayly
thyther
.
To
whom
the
Admirall
declared
,
that
if
they
wolde
brynge
goulde
,
they
shulde
haue
what
so
euer
they
wolde
aske
,
Forthwith
turninge
theyr
backes
and
runnynge
to
the
shore
of
the
next
ryuer
,
they
returned
in
a
short
tyme
,
brynginge
with
them
their
handes
full
of
goulde
.
Amongest
al
other
,
there
came
a
owld
man
bringynge
with
him
two
pybble
stones
of
goulde
weighinge
an
vnce
,
Graynes
end
pipple
stones
of
golde
.
desyrynge
them
to
gyue
him
a
bell
for
the
same
who
when
he
sawe
oure
men
maruell
at
the
byggenes
therof
,
he
made
signes
that
they
were
but
smaule
and
of
no
value
in
respecte
of
sume
that
he
had
seene
.
And
takynge
in
his
hande
foure
stones
the
least
wherof
was
as
bygge
as
a
walnut
,
and
the
byggest
as
bygge
as
an
orange
,
he
sayde
that
there
was
fownde
peeces
of
goulde
soo
bygge
in
his
countrey
,
beynge
but
halfe
a
dayes
iourney
from
thense
,
and
that
they
had
no
regarde
to
the
gatheringe
therof
.
Whereby
we
perceaue
that
they
passe
not
muche
for
goulde
in
asmuch
as
it
is
goulde
only
,
They
passe
not
for
golde
,
in
that
it
is
golde
onely
but.
&c.
but
so
farre
esteeme
it
,
as
the
hande
of
the
artificer
hathe
fashioned
it
in
any
coomely
fourme
.
For
who
doth
greatly
esteeme
rowgh
marble
or
vnwrought
Iuerye
.
But
if
they
be
wrought
with
the
cunninge
hande
of
Phidias
or
Praxiteles
,
and
shaped
to
the
similitude
of
the
fayre
nimphes
or
fayeres
of
the
sea
(
cauled
Nereiades
)
or
the
fayres
of
the
wods
,
(
cauled
Hamadriades
)
they
shal
neuer
lacke
byers
.
Besyde
this
owld
man
,
there
came
also
dyuers
other
,
brynginge
with
them
pypple
stones
of
gold
weighing
.x.
or
.xii.
drammes
:
And
feared
not
to
confesse
,
that
in
the
place
where
they
gathered
that
golde
,
there
were
found
suntyme
stones
of
gold
as
bygge
as
the
heade
of
a
chyld
When
he
had
taryed
heare
a
fewe
dayes
,
Stones
of
golde
as
byg
as
the
heade
of
a
chy●de
,
he
sent
one
Luxanus
,
a
noble
younge
gentylman
with
a
fewe
armed
men
to
searche
all
the
partes
of
this
Region
.
Who
at
his
returne
,
reported
that
th
inhabitantes
shewed
him
greater
thinges
than
we
haue
spoken
of
here
before
.
But
he
dyd
openly
declare
nothynge
therof
:
which
they
thought
was
doone
by
the
Admirales
commaundement
.
They
haue
wooddes
full
of
certeyne
spyces
:
Spyces
.
but
not
suche
as
we
commonly
vse
.
These
they
gather
euen
as
they
do
golde
:
that
is
as
much
as
wyl
serue
for
theyr
purpose
,
euery
man
for
hym selfe
,
to
exchange
the
same
with
the
inhabitantes
of
other
countreys
adioyninge
to
them
,
for
such
thinges
as
they
lacke
,
as
dysshes
,
pottes
,
stooles
,
and
suche
other
necessaries
.
As
Luxanus
returned
to
the
Admiral
,
(
which
was
about
the
Ides
of
Marche
)
he
fownde
in
the
wooddes
,
certeyne
wylde
vines
,
rype
and
of
pleasaunt
taste
.
wylde
Vines
of
pleasaunte
taste
.
But
th
inhabitantes
passe
not
on
them
.
This
Region
though
it
bee
full
of
stones
and
rockes
(
and
is
therfore
cauled
Cibana
,
which
is
as
muche
to
saye
as
a
stone
)
yet
it
is
well
replenyshed
with
trees
and
pastures
.
F●uitful
mount●ynes
.
Ye
they
instantly
affirme
,
that
if
the
grasse
of
these
mountaynes
bee
cutte
,
it
groweth
ageyne
within
the
space
of
foure
dayes
,
higher
then
wheate
.
And
for
as
muche
as
many
showers
of
rayne
doo
faule
in
this
Region
,
whereof
the
ryuers
and
fluddes
haue
their
increase
,
in
euery
of
the
which
,
golde
is
fownde
myrte
with
sande
in
all
places
,
they
iudge
that
the
golde
is
dryuen
from
the
mountaynes
,
Golde
in
the
landes
of
ryuers
faulinge
from
the
mountaynes
.
by
the
vehement
course
of
the
streames
which
faule
from
the
same
,
and
runne
into
the
ryuers
.
The
people
of
this
Region
are
gyuen
to
Idelnes
and
playe
.
Libertie
and
Idelnes
.
For
suche
as
inhabyte
the
mountaynes
,
syt
quakynge
for
coulde
in
the
wynter
season
,
The
mountaynes
are
coulde
.
&
had
rather
soo
wander
vppe
and
downe
Idelly
,
then
take
the
peines
to
make
them
apparell
,
wheras
they
haue
wooddes
full
of
gossampine
cotton
.
But
such
as
dwel
in
the
vales
or
plaines
feele
no
coulde
in
wynter
.
When
the
Admirall
had
thus
searched
the
beginninge
of
the
region
of
Cibana
,
he
repayred
to
Isabella
(
for
so
he
named
the
citie
)
where
,
leauinge
the
gouernance
of
the
Ilande
with
his
deputies
,
he
prepared
hym selfe
to
search
further
the
lymettes
of
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
or
Iohanna
,
which
he
yet
doubted
to
bee
the
firme
lande
,
The
Ilande
of
Cuba
.
and
distant
from
Hispaniola
.
onely
three
score
and
ten
myles
.
This
dyd
he
with
more
speedy
expedicion
,
caulyng
to
remembraunce
the
kinges
commaundement
,
who
wylled
hym
fyrst
with
all
celeritie
to
ouer
runne
the
coastes
of
the
newe
Ilandes
,
leaste
any
other
prince
shulde
in
the
meane
tyme
attempte
to
inuade
the
same
.
Least
any
othe●
prince
.
&c
For
the
Kynge
of
Portugale
affirmed
that
it
perteyned
only
to
hym
to
discouer
these
vnknowen
landes
.
But
the
byshop
of
Rome
Alexander
the
.vi.
to
auoyd
the
cause
of
this
discention
,
Discencion
betweene
the
Portugales
and
Spaniardes
.
graunted
to
the
Kynge
of
Spayne
by
th
auctoritie
of
his
leaden
bulles
,
that
no
other
prince
shulde
bee
so
boulde
as
to
make
any
viages
to
any
of
those
vnknowen
regions
,
lyenge
without
the
precinct
of
a
directe
lyne
drawen
from
the
North
to
the
Southe
a
hundreth
leaques
westwarde
without
the
paralelles
of
the
Ilandes
cauled
Capud
Viride
.
or
Cabouerde
,
which
we
thynke
to
bee
those
that
in
owlde
tyme
were
cauled
Hesperides
.
T●e
Ilandes
o●
Cabouerde
o●
hisperides
These
perteyne
to
the
kynge
of
Portugale
.
And
frome
these
,
his
pylottes
whiche
doo
yearely
searche
newe
coastes
and
regions
,
directe
their
course
to
the
Easte
,
The
Portugales
viages
saylynge
euer
towarde
the
lefte
hande
by
the
backe
of
Aphrike
and
the
seas
of
the
Ethiopians
:
Neyther
to
this
day
had
the
Portugales
at
any
tyme
sayled
Southwarde
,
or
Westewarde
from
the
Ilandes
of
Cabouerde
.
Preparyng
therfore
three
shippes
,
he
made
haste
towarde
the
Ilande
of
Iohanna
or
Cuba
whyther
he
came
in
shorte
space
,
and
named
the
poynt
therof
where
he
fyrst
arryued
,
Alpha
and
O
:
Alpha
and
O
that
is
,
the
fyrste
and
the
laste
:
for
he
supposed
that
there
had
byn
th
end
of
owre
Easte
bycause
the
sonne
fauleth
there
:
And
of
the
weste
,
bycause
it
ryseth
there
.
For
it
is
apparente
,
that
westwarde
,
it
is
the
beginninge
of
India
beyonde
the
ryuer
of
Ganges
:
And
Eastewarde
,
the
furthest
ende
of
the
same
:
The
ende
of
the
Easte
and
West
.
which
thinge
is
not
contrary
to
reason
forasmuche
as
the
Cosmographers
haue
lefte
the
lymites
of
India
beyonde
Ganges
vndetermyned
:
where
as
also
sume
were
of
opinion
that
India
was
not
farre
from
the
coastes
of
Spaine
as
we
haue
sayde
before
.
Note
.
India
not
far
from
Spayne
.
Within
the
prospecte
of
the
begynnynge
of
Cuba
,
he
founde
a
commodious
hauen
in
the
extreme
angle
of
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
.
For
in
this
part
,
the
Iland
receaueth
a
greate
goulfe
.
This
hauen
,
he
named
saynt
Nycolas
porte
,
Saynt
Nycolas
porte
.
beinge
scarsely
.xx.
leaques
from
Cuba
.
As
he
departed
from
hense
and
sayled
westwarde
by
the
south
syde
of
Cuba
,
the
further
that
he
went
,
so
muche
the
more
the
sea
seemed
to
bee
extended
in
breadth
&
to
bende
towarde
the
south
.
On
the
south
syde
of
Cuba
,
he
fownde
an
Ilande
which
th
inhabitantes
caule
Iamaica
.
The
Iland
of
Iamaica
.
This
he
affirmeth
to
bee
longer
and
broder
then
the
Iland
of
Sicilie
:
hauyng
in
it
only
one
mountayne
,
which
on
euery
parte
begynninge
from
the
sea
,
ryseth
by
little
and
little
into
the
myddest
of
the
Ilande
:
And
that
soo
playnely
without
rowghnes
,
that
suche
as
goo
vp
to
the
toppe
of
the
same
,
can
scarsely
perceaue
that
they
ascende
.
Iamaica
.
This
Ilande
he
affirmed
to
bee
very
fruitfull
and
full
of
people
as
well
in
thinner
partes
of
the
same
as
by
the
shore
:
And
that
th
inhabitantes
are
of
quicker
wytte
then
in
the
other
Ilandes
,
Quicke
wytted
people
.
and
more
experte
artificers
and
warrelyke
men
.
For
in
many
places
where
he
woulde
haue
arryued
,
they
came
armed
ageynst
him
and
forbodde
him
with
threatening
wordes
But
beinge
ouercome
,
The
composeinge
of
the
earth
.
they
made
a
league
of
frendeship
with
hym
.
Thus
departynge
from
Iamaica
,
he
sayled
towarde
the
Weste
with
a
prosperous
wynde
for
the
space
of
three●core
&
tenne
dayes
:
thinkinge
that
he
had
passed
so
farre
by
the
compasse
of
the
earth
being
vnderneth
vs
,
that
he
had
byn
nere
vnto
Aurea
Chersonesus
(
nowe
cauled
Malaccha
,
Aurea
Chersonesus
,
or
Malaccha
.
)
in
owre
Easte
India
beyonde
the
beginninge
of
Persides
.
For
he
playnely
beleued
that
he
had
lefte
onely
two
of
the
twelue
howres
of
the
sonne
,
A
secreate
of
Astronomie
.
which
were
vnknowen
to
vs
,
for
the
owlde
wryters
haue
lefte
halfe
the
course
of
the
sonne
vntouched
,
where
as
they
haue
but
onely
discussed
that
superficiall
parte
of
the
earth
which
lyeth
betwene
the
Ilandes
of
Gades
and
the
ryuer
of
Ganges
:
The
ryuer
of
Ganges
.
or
at
the
vttermoste
,
to
Aurea
Chersonesus
.
In
this
nauigation
,
he
chaunced
on
many
furious
seas
,
running
with
a
faule
as
it
had
byn
the
streames
of
fluddes
:
Also
many
whorlepooles
,
and
shelfes
,
with
many
other
daungers
,
and
streyghtes
by
reason
of
the
multytude
of
Ilandes
,
Daungerous
streightes
by
reason
of
many
Ilandes
.
which
ley
on
euery
syde
.
But
not
regardinge
all
these
perelles
,
he
determyned
to
proceade
vntyl
he
had
certaine
knowledge
whether
Cuba
were
an
Ilande
or
firme
lande
.
Thus
he
sayled
forward
coastinge
euer
by
the
shore
towarde
the
weste
for
the
space
of
CC.xxii
.
leaques
,
that
is
,
abowte
a
thousande
and
three
hundreth
myles
:
And
gaue
names
to
seuen
hundreth
Ilandes
by
the
waye
:
The
Admiral
gaue
names
to
seuen
hundrethe
Ilandes
.
Leauynge
also
on
the
lefte
hande
(
as
he
feared
not
to
reporte
)
three
thousande
here
and
three
.
thre
thousand
Ilandes
.
But
let
vs
nowe
returne
to
suche
thinges
as
he
fownde
worthy
to
be
noted
in
this
nauigation
.
Saylinge
therfore
by
the
syde
of
Cuba
,
and
searchinge
the
nature
of
the
places
,
he
espied
not
farre
from
Alpha
and
O
,
a
large
hauen
of
capacitie
to
harborowe
manye
shippes
:
A
large
hauen
whose
enteraunce
is
bendinge
,
beinge
inclosed
on
bothe
sydes
with
capes
or
poyntes
which
receaue
the
water
.
This
hauen
is
large
within
,
and
of
exceadinge
depthe
.
Saylinge
by
the
shore
of
this
porte
,
he
sawe
not
farre
frome
the
same
,
two
cotages
couered
with
reedes
,
and
in
many
places
fyer
kyndeled
.
Here
he
sente
certeyne
armed
men
owte
of
the
shippes
to
the
cotages
:
where
they
fownde
nother
man
nor
woman
,
but
rostemeate
enowgh
.
For
they
fownde
certeyne
spyttes
of
woodde
lyenge
at
the
fyre
,
hauinge
fyshe
on
theym
abowt
a
hundreth
pownde
weight
,
and
two
serpentes
of
.viii
foote
longe
a
piece
,
Rosted
fysshe
and
serpents
of
.viii.
foote
longe
.
wherat
marueylinge
,
and
lokynge
abowt
if
they
coulde
espye
any
of
th
inhabitantes
,
and
that
none
appeared
in
syght
(
for
they
fledde
all
to
the
mountaynes
at
the
comminge
of
owre
men
)
they
fell
to
theyr
meate
,
and
eate
the
fyshe
taken
with
other
mens
trauayle
:
But
they
absteyned
from
the
serpentes
,
which
they
affirme
to
differ
nothinge
from
Crocodiles
of
Egypt
,
Crocodiles
of
Egypte
.
but
onely
in
byggenes
.
For
(
as
Plinie
sayth
)
Crocodiles
haue
sumetymes
byn
fownde
of
.xviii.
cubettes
longe
.
But
of
these
the
byggest
were
but
of
.viii.
fote
.
Thus
beinge
well
refresshed
,
they
entered
into
the
next
woodde
where
they
fownde
many
of
the
same
kynde
of
serpentes
hangynge
vppon
bowghes
of
trees
:
of
the
which
,
sume
had
theyr
mouthes
tyed
with
strynges
,
and
sume
theyr
teethe
taken
owte
.
And
as
they
searched
the
places
nere
vnto
the
hauen
,
they
sawe
abowte
.lxx.
men
in
the
toppe
of
a
hyghe
rocke
,
whiche
fledde
as
soone
as
they
had
espied
owre
men
.
Who
by
signes
and
tokens
of
peace
,
caulinge
them
ageyne
,
there
was
one
which
came
nere
them
and
floode
on
the
toppe
of
a
rocke
,
seemynge
as
thowgh
he
were
yet
ferefull
.
But
the
Admiral
sent
one
Didacus
to
hym
,
Didacus
th
interpretour
.
a
man
of
the
same
countrey
,
whom
he
had
at
his
fyrste
vyage
taken
in
the
Ilande
of
Guanahaini
,
beinge
nere
vnto
Cuba
:
wyllinge
hym
to
come
nere
and
not
to
bee
afrayde
.
When
he
harde
Didacus
speke
to
him
in
his
owne
tonge
he
came
bowldly
to
hym
:
and
shortly
after
resorted
to
his
company
,
persuadinge
them
to
come
without
all
feare
.
After
this
message
was
doone
,
there
descended
frome
the
rockes
to
the
shippes
,
abowt
three
score
and
ten
of
thinhabibitantes
,
proferinge
frendeshippe
and
gentelnes
to
owre
men
:
whiche
the
Admirall
accepted
thankefully
,
and
gaue
them
dyuers
rewardes
:
And
that
the
rather
,
for
that
he
had
intelligence
by
Didacus
th
enterpretoure
,
that
they
were
the
kynges
fysshers
,
The
kynges
.
fysshers
.
sent
of
theyr
lorde
to
take
fysshe
ageynst
a
solemne
feaste
which
he
prepared
for
an
other
kynge
.
And
wheras
the
Admirales
men
had
eaten
the
fysshe
whiche
they
lefte
at
the
fyre
,
they
were
the
gladder
therof
,
bycause
they
had
lefte
the
serpentes
.
Serpentes
esteemed
for
delicate
mea●
Ophiophagi
.
For
there
is
nothinge
amonge
theyr
delicate
dysshes
,
that
they
esteeme
so
muche
as
these
serpentes
:
In
soo
muche
that
it
is
no
more
lawfull
for
the
common
people
to
eate
of
them
,
then
peacockes
or
phesantes
amonge
vs
.
As
for
the
fysshes
,
they
doubted
not
to
take
as
many
more
the
same
nyght
.
Beynge
asked
why
they
fyrst
rosted
the
fysshe
which
they
entended
to
beare
to
their
kynge
.
They
answered
,
that
they
might
bee
the
fressher
and
vncorrupted
.
Thus
ioyninge
handes
for
a
token
of
further
frendeship
,
euery
man
resorted
to
his
owne
.
The
Admirall
went
forwarde
as
he
had
appoynted
,
folowing
the
faulinge
of
the
sonne
from
the
beginninge
of
Cuba
cauled
Alpha
and
O.
The
shores
or
sea
bankes
euen
vnto
this
hauen
,
albeit
they
be
ful
of
trees
,
yet
are
they
rowgh
with
mountains
.
Of
these
trees
,
su●e
were
ful
of
blossoomes
and
flowres
,
and
other
laden
with
fruites
.
Blossomes
&
fruites
bothe
at
one
tyme
.
Beyonde
the
hauen
the
lande
is
more
fertile
and
peopulous
,
whose
inhabitantes
are
more
gentyll
and
more
desyrous
of
owre
thinges
.
For
as
sone
as
they
had
espied
owre
sh●ppes
,
they
flocked
all
to
the
shore
,
brynginge
with
them
suche
breade
as
they
are
accustomed
to
eate
,
and
gourdes
full
of
water
,
offeringe
theym
vnto
owre
men
,
and
further
desyringe
them
to
coome
alande
.
In
all
these
Ilandes
is
a
certeyne
kynde
of
trees
as
bygge
as
elmes
,
whiche
beare
gourdes
in
the
steade
of
fruites
.
Trees
which
beare
gourds
These
they
vse
only
for
drinkynge
pottes
,
and
to
fetche
water
in
,
but
not
for
meate
,
for
the
inner
substance
of
them
,
is
sowrer
then
gaule
,
&
the
barke
as
harde
as
any
shelle
.
At
the
Ides
of
Maye
,
the
watche
men
lokinge
owte
of
the
toppe
castell
of
the
shyppe
towarde
the
Southe
,
sawe
a
multitude
of
Ilandes
standinge
thicke
together
,
A
multitude
of
Ilandes
.
beynge
all
well
replenished
with
trees
,
grasse
,
and
herbes
,
and
wel
inhabyted
.
In
the
shore
of
the
continent
,
he
chaunced
into
a
nauigable
ryuer
whose
water
was
soo
hotte
,
hotte
water
.
that
no
man
myght
endure
to
abyde
his
hande
therein
any
tyme
.
The
day
folowinge
,
espying
a
farre
of
a
Canoa
of
fysher
men
of
th
inhabitantes
,
fearinge
least
they
shulde
flye
at
the
syght
of
owre
men
,
he
commaunded
certeyne
to
assayle
them
pryuily
with
the
shyppe
boates
.
But
they
fearinge
nothinge
,
taryed
the
comminge
of
owre
men
.
Nowe
shal
you
heare
a
newe
kind
of
fyshinge
.
A
straunge
kynde
of
fysshynge
.
Lyke
as
we
with
greyhoundes
doo
hunte
hares
,
in
the
playne
fieldes
.
So
doo
they
as
it
were
with
a
huntyng
fysshe
,
A
h●ntynge
●ysshe
.
take
other
fysshes
.
This
fysshe
was
of
shape
or
fourme
vnknowen
vnto
vs
:
but
the
body
therof
,
not
muche
vnlyke
a
greate
yele
:
hauinge
on
the
hynder
parte
of
the
heade
,
a
very
towgh
skynne
,
lyke
vnto
a
greate
bagge
or
purse
.
This
fysshe
is
tyed
by
the
syde
of
the
boate
with
a
corde
lette
downe
soo
farre
into
the
water
,
that
the
fysshe
maye
lye
close
hyd
by
the
keele
or
bottome
of
the
same
,
for
shee
may
in
no
case
abyde
the
sight
of
the
ayer
.
Thus
when
they
espie
any
greate
fysshe
,
or
tortoyse
(
wherof
there
is
great
abundance
bygger
then
great
targettes
)
they
let
the
corde
at
lengthe
.
Abu●●ance
of
to●oy●es
.
But
when
she
feeleth
her selfe
loosed
,
shee
enuadeth
the
fysshe
or
tortoyse
as
swiftly
as
an
arrowe
.
And
where
she
hath
once
fastened
her
howld
shee
casteth
the
purse
of
skynne
wherof
we
sp●ke
before
:
And
by
drawyng
the
same
togyther
,
soo
graspeleth
her
pray
,
that
no
mans
strength
is
sufficient
to
vnloose
the
same
,
excepte
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
drawinge
the
lyne
,
shee
bee
lyfted
sumwhat
aboue
the
brymme
of
the
water
.
For
then
,
as
sone
as
she
seeth
the
brightnes
of
the
ayer
,
shee
lettethe
goo
her
howlde
.
The
praye
therfore
,
beinge
nowe
drawen
nere
to
the
brymme
of
the
water
,
Fyssher
men
.
there
leapeth
soodenly
owte
of
the
boate
into
the
sea
soo
manye
fysshers
,
as
maye
suffice
to
holde
faste
the
praye
,
vntyll
the
reste
of
the
coompany
haue
taken
it
into
the
boate
.
Which
thinge
doone
,
they
loose
soo
muche
of
the
cord
,
that
the
hunting
fysshe
,
may
ageyne
return●
to
her
place
with
in
the
water
:
where
by
an
other
corde
,
they
let
downe
to
her
a
piece
of
the
praye
,
as
we
vse
to
rewarde
greyhoundes
after
they
haue
kylled
theyr
game
.
This
fysshe
,
they
caule
Guaicanum
,
The
fysshe
Guaicanum
.
But
owre
men
caule
it
Reuersum
.
They
gaue
owre
men
foure
tortoyses
taken
by
this
meanes
:
And
those
of
such
byggenes
that
they
almoste
fylled
theyr
fysshinge
boate
.
For
these
fysshes
are
esteemed
amonge
them
for
delicate
meate
.
Owre
men
recompensed
them
ageyne
with
other
rewardes
,
and
soo
lette
them
departe
.
Beinge
asked
of
the
coompasse
of
that
lande
,
they
aunswered
that
it
had
no
ende
westewarde
.
Most
instantly
defyringe
the
Admirall
to
coome
alande
:
humaine
people
.
or
in
his
name
to
sende
one
with
them
to
salute
their
Cazicus
,
(
that
is
)
their
kinge
:
Affirmynge
that
he
wolde
gyue
owre
men
many
presentes
,
yf
they
wolde
goo
to
hym
.
But
the
Admiral
,
leaste
he
shulde
bee
hyndered
of
the
vyage
which
he
had
begunne
,
refused
to
goo
with
them
.
Then
they
desyred
to
knowe
his
name
,
and
towld
owre
men
lykewyse
the
name
of
theyr
kyng
.
Thus
sayling
on
yet
further
euer
toward
the
West
,
within
fewe
dayes
he
came
nere
vnto
a
certeyne
exceding
high
mountayne
,
wel
inhabyted
by
reason
of
the
great
fertilitie
of
the
same
.
A
moun●aine
fruitefull
and
well
inhabited
.
Th
inhabitauntes
of
this
mountayne
,
browght
to
owre
shippe
,
breade
,
gossampine
cotton
,
cunnies
,
and
sundry
kyndes
of
wyldfowle
:
demaun●ynge
relygiously
of
th
interpretoures
,
if
this
nation
descended
not
from
heauen
.
The
kynge
of
this
people
,
and
dyuers
other
sage
men
that
stoode
by
hym
,
informed
hym
that
that
lande
was
no
Ilande
.
Shortly
after
,
enteringe
into
one
of
the
Ilandes
beinge
on
the
lefte
hande
of
this
lande
,
they
fownde
no
body
therin
:
for
they
fledde
al
at
the
commyng
of
owre
men
.
Yet
fownde
they
there
fowre
dogges
of
maruelous
deformed
shape
,
Dogges
of
strange
shape
and
dumme
.
and
suche
as
coulde
not
barke
.
This
kynd
of
dogges
,
they
eate
as
we
do
goates
.
Here
is
great
plentie
of
geese
,
duckes
,
Duckes
.
and
hearons
.
hearons
Betwene
these
Ilandes
and
the
continente
,
he
entered
into
soo
narowe
streyghtes
,
that
he
coulde
scarsely
turne
backe
the
shippes
:
And
these
also
so
shalowe
,
that
the
keele
of
the
shyps
sumtyme
rased
on
the
sandes
The
water
of
these
streyghtes
,
Streightes
.
for
the
space
of
fortie
myles
,
was
white
and
thycke
lyke
vnto
mylke
,
whyte
and
thicke
water
.
and
as
thowgh
mele
had
byn
sparkeled
throwgh
owte
al
that
sea
.
And
when
they
had
at
the
lengthe
escaped
these
strayghtes
,
and
were
nowe
coome
into
a
mayne
and
large
sea
,
and
had
sayled
theron
for
the
space
of
foure
score
myles
,
they
espyed
an
other
excedinge
hygh
mountayne
,
whyther
the
Admirall
resorted
to
store
his
shyppes
with
fresshe
water
and
fuel
.
Heare
amonge
certeyne
wooddes
of
date
trees
,
wooddes
of
date
trees
.
and
pyneable
trees
of
excedyng
height
he
fownd
two
natiue
sprynges
of
fresshe
water
.
In
the
meane
tyme
whyle
the
woodde
was
cuttynge
and
the
barrelles
fyllyng
,
one
of
owre
archers
went
into
the
wood
to
hunt
:
where
he
espyed
a
certeyne
man
with
a
whyte
vesture
,
Men
appareled
like
white
fryers
.
soo
lyke
a
fryer
of
th
order
of
saynt
Marye
of
Mercedis
,
that
at
the
fyrste
sight
he
supposed
it
had
byn
the
Admiralles
preeste
which
he
browght
with
hym
,
beyng
a
man
of
the
same
order
.
But
two
other
folowed
hym
immediatlye
owte
of
the
same
wooddes
,
shortly
after
,
he
sawe
a
farre
of
a
hole
coompany
of
men
clothed
in
apparel
,
beinge
abowte
.xxx.
in
nomber
.
Then
turning
his
backe
and
cryinge
owte
to
his
felowes
,
he
made
haste
to
the
shyppes
with
all
that
he
myght
dryue
.
These
apparelled
men
,
made
signes
and
tokens
to
hym
to
tary
and
not
to
bee
afrayde
.
But
that
notwithstandinge
,
he
ceased
not
to
flye
.
The
Admirall
beinge
aduertised
hereof
,
and
not
a
lyttle
reioysynge
that
he
had
fownde
a
ciuile
people
,
in
continently
sent
forth
armed
men
,
with
commaundement
,
that
yf
neede
should
soo
requyre
,
they
shulde
enter
fortie
myles
into
the
Ilande
,
vntyl
they
myght
fynde
eyther
those
apparelled
men
,
or
other
inhabitantes
of
that
countrey
.
When
they
hadde
passed
ouer
the
woodde
,
they
came
into
a
greate
playne
full
of
grasse
and
herbes
,
in
which
appeared
no
token
of
any
pathe
way
.
Here
attemptinge
to
goo
throwgh
the
grasse
and
herbes
,
they
were
soo
entangled
and
bewrapte
therin
,
that
they
were
scarsely
able
to
passe
a
myle
,
the
grasse
beinge
there
lyttle
lower
then
owre
rype
corne
.
grasse
almost
as
hyghe
as
corne
Beinge
therfore
weryed
,
they
were
enforced
to
returne
ageyne
,
fyndyng
no
pathe
way
.
The
day
folowing
he
sent
foorth
.xxv.
armed
men
an
other
way
:
Commaunding
them
to
make
diligent
searche
and
inquisition
what
maner
of
people
inhabited
the
land
.
Who
departinge
,
when
they
had
fownde
not
farre
from
the
sea
syde
certeyne
steppes
of
wylde
beastes
,
Steppes
of
wyld
beastes
feete
.
of
the
which
they
suspected
sum
to
bee
of
Lyons
feete
being
striken
with
feare
,
returned
backe
ageyne
.
As
they
came
they
fownde
a
woodde
in
the
which
were
many
natiue
vines
here
and
there
crepinge
abowte
highe
trees
,
Natiue
vines
with
many
other
trees
bearinge
aromaticall
fruites
and
spyces
.
Trees
bearinge
spyces
and
sweete
fruites
.
Of
these
vines
they
browght
with
them
into
Spaine
many
clusters
of
grapes
very
ponderous
and
full
of
lycoure
.
But
of
the
other
fruites
,
they
browght
none
bycause
they
putrified
by
the
waye
in
the
shippe
,
and
were
caste
into
the
sea
.
They
saye
also
that
in
the
laundes
or
medowes
of
those
wooddes
,
they
sawe
flockes
of
greate
cranes
twyse
as
bygge
as
owres
.
Greate
Cranes
.
As
he
went
forward
and
turned
his
sayles
towarde
certeyne
other
mountaines
,
he
espied
two
cotages
on
the
shore
,
in
the
whiche
he
sawe
onely
one
man
:
who
beinge
browght
to
the
shyppe
,
signified
with
heade
,
fyngers
,
and
by
al
other
signes
,
that
he
coulde
deuise
that
the
lande
which
lay
beyonde
those
mountaynes
,
was
very
full
of
people
.
And
as
the
Admirall
drewe
nere
the
shore
of
the
same
,
there
mette
hym
certeyne
Canoas
hauinge
in
them
many
people
of
the
countrey
,
who
made
signes
and
tokens
of
peace
and
frendeshyp
.
But
here
Didacus
th
interpretour
whiche
vnderstoode
the
language
of
th
inhabitantes
of
the
beginning
of
Cuba
,
Dyuers
languages
in
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
.
vnderstode
not
them
one
whytte
,
wherby
they
consydred
that
in
sundry
prouinces
of
Cuba
,
were
sundry
languages
He
had
also
intelligence
,
that
in
the
inlande
of
this
Region
,
was
a
kynge
of
greate
power
,
and
accustomed
to
weare
apparell
.
He
sayth
that
all
the
tracte
of
this
shore
,
was
drowned
with
water
and
full
of
mudde
,
besette
with
many
trees
,
after
the
maner
of
owre
marysshes
,
Yet
whereas
in
this
place
they
wente
alande
for
fresshe
water
,
they
fownde
many
of
the
shelfysshes
in
the
whiche
pearles
are
gathered
.
Pearles
in
●helfysshes
.
But
that
coulde
not
cause
the
Admirall
to
tracte
the
tyme
there
,
entendinge
at
this
viage
,
only
to
proue
howe
many
landes
&
seas
he
coulde
discouer
accordin●e
to
the
kynges
commaundement
.
As
they
yet
proceded
forwarde
,
they
sawe
here
and
there
al
the
waye
alonge
by
the
shore
,
a
great
smoke
rysinge
,
vntyll
they
came
to
an
other
mountayne
foure
score
myles
distant
.
There
was
no
rocke
or
hyll
that
coulde
be
seene
,
but
the
same
was
all
of
a
smoke
.
But
whether
these
fyers
were
made
by
th
inhabitantes
for
their
necessary
busynes
,
or
as
we
are
wont
to
sette
beacons
on
fyre
when
we
suspecte
th
approche
of
owre
enemies
,
thereby
to
gyue
warninge
to
theyr
neyghbours
to
bee
in
a
redines
,
and
gather
togyther
if
perhappes
owre
men
shulde
attempte
any
thinge
ageynst
them
,
or
otherwyse
as
seemethe
most
lykely
,
to
caule
them
togyther
as
to
a
wonder
to
behould
owre
shippes
,
they
knewe
yet
no
certentie
.
In
this
tracte
,
the
shores
bended
sumetyme
towarde
the
Southe
,
and
sumetyme
towarde
the
Weste
and
westesouthwest
:
And
the
sea
was
euery
where
entangeled
with
Ilandes
:
The
sea
entangeled
with
Ilandes
by
reason
whereof
,
the
keeles
of
the
shippes
often
tymes
rased
the
sandes
for
shalownes
of
the
water
:
So
that
the
shyppes
beinge
very
sore
brused
and
appayred
the
sayles
,
cables
,
and
other
tackelinges
,
in
maner
rotten
,
and
the
vytayles
,
(
especially
the
byskette
breade
)
corrupted
by
takynge
water
at
the
riftes
euyll
closed
,
the
Admirall
was
enforced
to
turne
backe
ageyne
.
This
laste
poynte
where
he
touched
of
Cuba
(
not
yet
beinge
knowen
to
be
an
Ilande
)
he
cauled
Euangelista
.
Euangelista
.
Thus
●urning
his
sayles
toward
other
Ilandes
lyinge
not
farre
from
the
supposed
continente
,
he
chaunced
into
a
mayne
sea
where
was
suche
a
multitude
of
greate
tortoyses
,
A
multitude
of
great
tortoyses
that
sumtyme
they
stayed
the
shyppes
.
Not
longe
after
,
he
entered
into
a
gulfe
of
whyte
water
,
A
goufe
of
whyte
water
humaine
people
.
lyke
vnto
that
wherof
we
spake
before
.
At
the
lengh
fearing
the
shelfes
of
the
Ilands
,
he
returned
to
the
shore
of
Cuba
by
the
same
way
which
he
came
.
Here
a
multitude
of
th
inhabitantes
,
as
well
women
as
men
,
resorted
to
hym
with
cheerefull
countenaunce
and
without
feare
:
bringynge
with
them
popingayes
breade
,
water
,
and
cunnyes
:
But
especially
stocke
doues
much
bygger
then
owres
:
which
he
affirmeth
,
in
sauour
and
taste
,
to
bee
muche
more
pleasaunt
then
owre
partryches
.
Stock
doues
of
more
pleasaunt
tast
than
partriches
.
Wherfore
where
as
in
eatinge
of
them
he
perceaued
a
certeyne
sauoure
of
spyce
to
proceade
from
them
,
he
commaunded
the
croppe
to
bee
opened
of
suche
as
were
newely
kylled
,
and
fownde
the
same
full
of
sweete
spyces
,
whiche
he
argued
to
bee
the
cause
of
theyr
strange
taste
.
For
it
standeth
with
good
reason
,
that
the
flesshe
of
beastes
,
shulde
drawe
the
nature
and
qualitie
of
theyr
accustomed
nury●hemente
.
As
the
Admirall
harde
masse
on
the
shore
,
there
came
towarde
hym
a
certeyne
gouernoure
,
The
humanitie
of
a
reuerende
owlde
gouernour
.
a
man
of
foure
score
yeares
of
age
,
and
of
great
grauitie
,
althowgh
he
were
naked
sauinge
his
pryuie
partes
.
He
had
a
greate
trayne
of
menne
waytinge
on
hym
.
All
the
whyle
the
preeste
was
at
masse
,
he
shewed
hym selfe
verye
humble
and
gaue
reuerente
attendaunce
with
graue
and
demure
countenaunce
.
When
the
masse
was
ended
,
he
presented
to
the
Admirall
,
a
baskette
of
the
fruites
of
his
countrey
,
delyueringe
the
same
with
his
owne
handes
.
When
the
Admirall
had
gentelly
interteyned
hym
,
desyringe
leaue
to
speake
,
he
made
an
oration
in
the
presence
of
Didacus
th
interpretoure
,
in
this
effecte
.
An
oration
of
the
naked
gouernour
.
I
haue
byn
aduertised
(
moste
mighty
prince
)
that
you
haue
of
late
with
greate
power
subdued
many
landes
and
Regions
hytherto
vnknowen
to
you
:
and
haue
browght
no
little
feare
vppon
all
the
people
and
inhabitantes
of
the
same
.
The
which
your
good
fortune
,
you
shal
beare
with
lesse
insolencie
,
Theyr
opinion
of
the
〈◊〉
of
man
.
if
you
remember
that
the
soules
of
men
haue
two
iourneyes
after
they
are
departed
from
this
bodye
.
The
one
fowle
and
darke
,
prepared
for
suche
as
are
iniurious
and
cruell
to
man
kynde
:
The
other
pleasaunt
and
delectable
,
ordeyned
for
than
which
in
theyr
lyfe
tyme
,
loued
peace
and
quietnes
.
If
therefore
you
acknowleage
your selfe
to
bee
mortall
,
and
consyder
that
euery
man
shall
receaue
condigne
rewarde
or
punyshement
for
such
thinges
as
he
hath
done
in
this
life
,
you
wyl
wrongefully
hurte
no
man
.
When
he
had
sayde
these
wordes
and
other
lyke
,
which
were
declared
to
the
Admirall
by
th
interpretour
,
he
marueylinge
at
the
iudgemente
of
the
naked
owlde
man
,
answered
,
that
he
was
gladde
to
heare
his
opinion
as
touchinge
the
sundry
iourneys
and
rewardes
of
sowles
departed
from
theyr
bodyes
:
Supposinge
that
nother
he
,
or
any
other
of
th
inhabitantes
of
those
Regions
,
Desyre
of
golde
founde
that
which
religion
coulde
not
fynde
.
had
had
any
knowleage
thereof
.
Declaringe
further
that
the
chiefe
cause
of
his
comminge
thyther
was
to
instructe
them
in
such
godly
knowleage
and
trewe
religion
:
And
that
he
was
sente
into
those
countreys
by
the
Christian
kynge
of
Spayne
(
his
lorde
and
maister
)
for
the
same
purpose
:
Virtus
post
nummos
.
&c.
And
specially
to
subdue
and
punishe
the
Canibales
and
such
other
mischeuous
people
:
And
to
defende
innocentes
ageynst
the
violence
of
such
euyl
doers
wyllynge
hym
and
all
other
such
as
embrased
vertue
,
in
no
case
to
bee
afrayde
:
But
rather
to
open
his
mynde
vnto
him
,
if
eyther
he
,
or
any
other
suche
quiete
men
as
he
was
,
hadde
susteyned
any
wronge
of
theyr
neyghbours
:
and
that
he
wold
see
the
same
reuenged
.
These
comfortable
wordes
of
the
Admirall
soo
pleased
the
owlde
man
,
that
notwithstandyng
his
extreeme
age
,
he
woulde
gladly
haue
gone
with
the
Admiral
as
he
had
doone
in
deede
,
if
his
wyfe
and
chyldren
had
not
hyndered
hym
of
his
purpose
.
But
he
marueyled
not
a
lyttle
,
that
the
Admirall
was
vnder
the
dominion
of
an
other
:
And
muche
more
,
when
th
interpretour
towlde
hym
of
the
glorye
,
magnificence
,
pompes
,
greate
power
,
and
furnymentes
of
warre
of
owre
kynges
,
and
of
the
multitudes
of
cities
and
townes
which
were
vnder
theyr
dominions
.
Intendyng
therfore
to
haue
gonne
with
the
Admirall
,
his
wyfe
and
children
fell
prostrate
at
his
feete
,
with
teares
desyrynge
hym
not
to
forsake
them
and
leaue
them
desolate
.
At
whose
pytifull
requestes
,
the
worthy
owlde
man
beinge
moued
,
remayned
at
home
to
the
comfort
of
his
people
and
famylie
,
satisfyenge
rather
them
then
hym selfe
.
For
not
yet
ceasinge
to
woonder
,
and
of
heauy
countenaunce
bycause
he
myght
not
departe
,
he
demaunded
oftentymes
if
that
lande
were
not
heauen
,
which
browght
foorth
suche
a
kynde
of
men
.
For
it
is
certeyne
,
that
amonge
them
,
the
lande
is
as
common
as
the
sonne
and
water
:
The
Iland
as
common
as
the
sunne
and
water
.
And
that
Myne
and
Thyne
(
the
seedes
of
all
myscheefe
)
haue
no
place
with
them
.
They
are
contente
with
soo
lyttle
,
that
in
soo
large
a
countrey
,
they
haue
rather
superfluitie
than
scarsenes
.
Soo
that
(
as
wee
haue
sayde
before
)
they
seeme
to
lyue
in
the
goulden
worlde
,
The
golden
worlde
.
without
toyle
,
lyuinge
in
open
gardens
,
not
intrenched
with
dykes
,
dyuyded
with
hedges
,
or
defended
with
waules
.
They
deale
trewely
one
with
an
other
,
without
lawes
,
without
bookes
,
and
without
Iudges
.
They
take
hym
for
an
euyll
and
myscheuous
man
,
which
taketh
pleasure
in
doinge
hurte
to
other
.
And
albeit
that
they
delyte
not
in
superfluities
,
yet
make
they
prouision
for
th
increase
of
suche
rootes
,
Prouision
without
care
.
wherof
they
make
theyr
breade
,
as
Maizium
,
Iucca
,
and
Ages
,
contented
with
suche
simple
dyet
,
Simple
diete
wherby
health
is
preserued
,
and
dyseases
auoyded
.
The
Admirall
therfore
departinge
from
thense
,
and
myndinge
to
returne
ageyne
shortly
after
,
chaunced
to
coome
ageyne
to
the
Ilande
of
Iamaica
beinge
on
the
sowthe
syde
therof
:
The
Iland
of
Iamaica
.
and
coasted
all
a
longe
by
the
shore
of
the
same
,
from
the
Weste
to
the
Easte
.
From
whose
last
corner
on
the
East
syde
,
when
he
sawe
towarde
the
North
on
his
lefte
hande
,
certeyn
high
mountains
he
knewe
at
the
length
that
it
was
the
sowthe
syde
of
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
,
hispaniola
.
which
he
had
not
yet
passed
by
.
Wherfore
at
the
Calendes
of
September
,
enteringe
into
the
hauen
of
the
same
Ilande
,
cauled
saynt
Nycolas
hauen
,
he
repayred
his
shippes
to
th
intent
that
he
myght
ageyne
wast
and
spoyle
the
Ilandes
of
the
Canibales
,
The
Canibales
.
and
burne
all
theyr
Canoas
,
that
those
raueninge
wolues
myght
no
longer
persecute
and
deuoure
the
innocent
sheepe
.
But
he
was
at
this
tyme
hyndered
of
his
purpose
by
reason
of
a
dysease
which
he
had
gotten
with
to
muche
watchinge
.
Sickenes
of
to
much
watchinge
.
Thus
beinge
feeble
and
weake
,
he
was
ledde
of
the
maryners
to
the
citie
of
Isabella
,
where
,
with
his
two
brytherne
which
were
there
,
&
other
his
familiers
,
he
recouered
his
health
in
shorte
space
.
Yet
coulde
he
not
at
this
tyme
assayle
the
Canibales
,
by
reason
of
sedicion
that
was
rysen
of
late
amonge
the
Spanyardes
which
he
had
lefte
in
Hispaniola
,
wherof
we
wyll
speake
more
heareafter
.
Thus
fare
ye
wel
.
¶
The
fourth
booke
of
the
fyrst
decade
to
Lodouike
Cardinall
of
Aragonie
.
COlonus
the
Admirall
of
the
Ocean
,
returning
(
as
he
supposed
)
from
the
continent
or
firme
lande
of
East
India
,
Easte
India
.
had
aduertisement
that
his
brother
Boilus
&
one
Peter
Margarita
,
an
owld
familier
of
the
kinges
,
and
a
noble
man
,
with
diuers
other
of
those
to
whom
he
had
left
the
gouernement
of
the
Iland
,
The
Spanyarde●
rebelle
in
the
Admir●ls
absence
.
were
of
corrupted
mynde
ageynst
him
,
departed
into
Spayne
.
Wherfore
as
wel
to
purge
him
of
such
crimes
as
they
shuld
ley
to
his
charge
,
as
also
to
make
a
supply
of
other
men
in
the
place
of
them
which
were
returned
,
&
especially
to
prouyde
for
vitailes
,
as
wheat
,
wyne
,
oyle
,
and
such
other
which
the
Spanyardes
are
accustomed
to
eate
,
bycause
they
coulde
not
yet
well
agree
with
such
meates
as
they
fownde
in
the
Ilandes
,
determined
shortly
to
take
his
vyage
into
Spayne
.
But
what
he
dyd
before
his
departure
,
I
wyll
brefely
rehearse
.
The
kynges
of
the
Ilandes
which
had
hytherto
lyued
quietly
and
content
with
theyr
lyttle
whiche
they
thowght
abundante
,
The
kynges
of
the
Ilande
rebell
.
wheras
they
nowe
perceaued
that
owre
men
began
to
fasten
foote
within
theyr
Regions
and
to
beare
rule
amonge
them
,
tooke
the
matter
so
greuously
,
that
they
thowght
nothynge
elles
but
by
what
meanes
they
myght
vtterly
destroy
them
,
and
for
euer
abolysshe
the
memory
of
theyr
name
.
For
that
kynde
of
men
(
the
Spanyardes
I
meane
which
folowed
the
Admirall
in
that
nauigation
,
The
Spaniardes
m●sbehauour
.
)
was
for
the
most
parte
vnruly
,
regardynge
nothinge
but
Idlenes
,
playe
,
and
libertie
:
And
wolde
by
no
meanes
absteyne
from
iniuries
:
Rauyshynge
the
women
of
the
Ilandes
before
the
faces
of
their
husbandes
fathers
,
and
brethrene
:
By
which
theyr
abhomynable
mysde
maynour
,
they
disquieted
the
myndes
of
all
th
inhabitantes
:
In
so
much
that
where
so
euer
they
fownde
any
of
owre
men
vnprepared
,
they
slewe
them
with
suche
fyercenes
and
gladnes
,
as
thowgh
they
had
offered
sacryfyce
to
God
.
Intendynge
therefore
to
pacifie
their
troubled
myndes
,
and
to
punyshe
them
that
slew
his
men
before
he
departed
from
thense
,
he
sent
for
the
kynge
of
that
vale
,
which
in
the
booke
before
,
we
descrybed
to
bee
at
the
foote
of
the
mountaynes
of
the
Region
of
Cibaua
.
This
kynges
name
was
Guarionexius
:
Guarionexius
the
kynge
of
the
greatyale
Didacus
the
interpretour
who
,
the
more
streyghtly
to
concyle
vnto
hym
the
frendeshyppe
of
the
Admirall
,
gaue
his
syster
to
wyfe
to
Didacus
,
a
man
from
his
chyldes
age
browght
vp
with
the
Admiral
,
whom
he
vsed
for
his
interpretoure
in
the
prouinces
of
Cuba
.
After
this
,
he
sent
for
Caunaboa
,
cauled
the
lorde
of
the
howse
of
goulde
:
that
is
,
of
the
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
,
For
this
Caunaboa
,
Caunaboa
,
the
kynge
of
the
house
of
golde
.
he
sent
one
capitayne
Hoieda
,
whom
the
ditionaries
of
Caunaboa
had
enforced
to
keepe
his
howlde
bysiegeinge
for
the
space
of
.xxx.
dayes
,
the
fortresse
of
saynte
Thomas
,
in
the
which
Hoieda
with
his
fyftie
souldiers
,
stoode
at
theyr
defence
,
vntyll
the
comminge
of
the
Admirall
.
Whyle
Hoieda
remayned
with
Caunaboa
,
Capitayne
hoieda
.
many
ambassadours
of
the
kynges
of
dyuers
Regions
were
sent
to
Caunaboa
,
persuadinge
hym
in
no
condicion
to
permitte
the
Christians
to
inhabite
the
Ilande
,
except
he
had
rather
serue
then
rule
.
On
the
other
partie
,
Hoieda
aduertised
Caunaboa
to
goo
to
the
Admirall
,
and
to
make
a
league
of
frendeship
with
hym
.
But
the
ambassadours
on
the
contrary
part
,
threatened
hym
,
that
yf
he
wolde
soo
doo
,
the
other
kynges
wolde
inuade
his
Region
.
But
Hoieda
aunswered
theym
ageyne
,
that
wheras
they
conspired
to
maynteyne
their
libertie
,
they
shuld
by
that
meanes
be
browght
to
seruitude
&
destruction
if
they
entended
to
resist
or
keepe
warre
ageinst
the
Christians
.
Thus
Caunaboa
on
the
one
syde
and
the
other
,
kynge
Caunaboa
,
●ad
s●ain
the
Spanyarde●
.
beinge
troubeled
as
it
were
a
rocke
in
the
sea
,
beaten
with
contrary
fluddes
,
&
much
more
vexed
with
the
stormes
of
his
gyltie
conscience
for
that
he
had
priuilie
slaine
.xx.
of
owre
men
vnder
pretence
of
peace
feared
to
coome
to
the
Admirall
.
But
at
the
length
,
hauing
excogitated
this
deceyte
,
Caunaboa
conspireth
the
Admiralle●
death
.
to
haue
slayne
the
Admirall
and
his
coompany
vnder
the
colour
of
frendshippe
if
oportunitie
wold
soo
haue
serude
,
he
repayred
to
the
Admiral
with
his
hole
familie
and
many
other
wayting
on
hym
,
armed
after
theyr
maner
.
Beinge
demaunded
why
he
browght
soo
greate
a
rout
of
men
with
hym
,
he
aunswered
that
it
was
not
decente
for
soo
great
a
prince
as
he
was
,
to
goo
foorth
of
his
howse
without
suche
a
bande
of
men
.
But
the
thinge
chaunced
much
otherwyse
then
he
looked
for
.
For
he
fell
into
the
snares
which
he
had
prepared
for
other
.
For
wheras
by
the
way
he
began
to
repente
hym
that
he
came
foorthe
of
his
howse
,
Hoieda
with
many
fayre
wordes
and
promyses
,
Fayre
worde
make
fooles
fayne
.
browght
hym
to
the
Admirall
:
At
whose
commaundement
,
he
was
immediatly
taken
&
put
in
prison
:
So
that
the
sowles
of
owre
men
were
not
longe
from
their
bodies
vnreuenged
.
Thus
Caunaboa
with
all
his
familie
beinge
taken
,
the
Admirall
was
determined
to
runne
ouer
the
Ilande
.
But
he
was
certified
that
there
was
such
famine
amonge
th
inhabitantes
,
Famine
in
the
Ilande
of
hispaniola
.
that
there
was
alredye
fyftie
thousande
menne
deade
therof
:
And
that
they
dyed
yet
dayly
as
it
were
cotton
sheepe
:
The
cause
wherof
was
wel
knowen
to
bee
theyr
owne
obstinacie
and
frowardnes
.
For
where
as
they
sawe
that
owre
men
entended
to
choose
them
a
dwelling
place
in
the
Ilande
,
supposinge
that
they
myght
haue
driuen
them
from
thence
if
the
vytailes
of
the
Ilande
shoulde
fayle
,
they
determyned
with
them selues
,
not
only
to
leaue
sowing
and
plantyng
,
but
also
to
destroy
and
plucke
vp
by
the
rootes
euery
man
in
his
owne
region
,
The
hunger
of
golde
causeth
great
famine
.
that
whiche
they
had
alredye
sowen
of
both
kyndes
of
breade
wherof
we
made
mencion
in
the
fyrst
booke
.
But
especially
amonge
the
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
,
otherwyse
cauled
Cipanga
,
for
as
muche
as
they
hadde
knoweleage
that
the
golde
which
abundeth
in
that
Region
,
was
the
cheefe
cause
that
deteyned
owre
men
in
the
Ilande
.
In
the
meane
tyme
,
he
sent
foorth
a
Capitayne
with
a
bande
of
men
to
searche
the
sowthe
syde
of
the
Ilande
.
Who
at
his
returne
,
reported
that
throwghe
out
all
the
Regions
that
he
trauayled
,
there
was
suche
scarsenes
of
breade
,
that
for
the
space
of
.xvi.
dayes
he
eate
nowght
elles
but
the
rootes
of
herbes
,
and
of
younge
date
trees
,
or
the
fruites
of
other
wylde
trees
,
But
Guarionexius
,
the
kynge
of
the
vale
lyinge
beneth
the
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
,
whose
kyngedoome
was
not
soo
wasted
as
the
other
,
gaue
owre
menne
certeyne
vytayles
.
Within
a
fewe
dayes
after
,
bothe
that
the
iourneys
myght
bee
the
shorter
,
and
also
that
owre
men
myght
haue
more
safe
places
of
refuge
,
if
the
inhabitantes
shuld
hereafter
rebell
in
lyke
maner
,
he
buylded
an
other
fortesse
(
whiche
he
cauled
the
towre
of
Conception
)
betwene
the
citie
of
Isabella
and
saint
Thomas
fortresse
,
The
towre
of
conception
.
in
the
marches
of
the
kyngdome
of
this
Guarionexius
within
the
precincte
of
Cibaua
vpon
the
syde
of
A
hyll
,
hauynge
a
fayre
ryuer
of
holsome
water
runnynge
hard
by
the
same
.
Thus
when
the
inhabitantes
sawe
newe
buyldynges
to
bee
dayly
erected
,
and
owre
shippes
lying
in
the
hauen
rotten
and
halfe
broken
,
they
beganne
to
despayre
of
any
hope
of
libertie
,
&
wandered
vp
and
downe
with
heuie
●here
.
From
the
towre
of
Conception
,
searchynge
diligently
the
inner
partes
of
the
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
,
there
was
A
certeine
kyng
whiche
gaue
them
a
masse
of
rude
golde
,
as
bygge
as
a
mans
fyst
,
weighing
.xx.
vnces
.
A
masse
of
gold
weighinge
.xx.
ounces
.
This
golde
was
not
fownde
in
the
banke
of
that
ryuer
,
but
in
a
heape
of
drye
earthe
:
and
was
lyke
vnto
the
stone
cauled
Tofus
,
Tofus
.
whiche
is
soone
resolued
into
sande
.
This
masse
of
golde
,
I
my selfe
sawe
in
Castile
,
in
the
famous
citie
of
Methymna
Campi
,
where
the
courte
lay
all
that
wynter
.
I
sawe
also
a
great
piece
of
pure
Electrum
:
Electrum
is
a
metall
naturally
mix●
of
one
portion
of
golde
&
another
of
●iluer
beinge
of
propertie
to
bewray
poyson
,
and
was
therfore
in
owlde
tyme
in
greater
estimation
then
golde
.
of
the
whiche
belles
and
apothecaries
morters
,
and
many
suche
other
vessels
and
instrumentes
maye
bee
made
,
as
were
in
owlde
tyme
of
copper
of
the
citie
of
Corinthus
.
This
piece
of
Electrum
,
was
of
such
weight
,
that
I
was
not
onely
with
both
my
handes
vnable
to
lifte
it
from
the
grownde
,
but
also
not
of
strengthe
to
remoue
it
eyther
one
waye
or
an
other
.
They
affyrmed
that
it
wayde
more
then
three
hundreth
pownde
weight
,
after
.viii.
vnces
to
the
pownde
.
It
was
fownde
in
the
howse
of
a
certen
prynce
,
and
lefte
hym
by
his
predecessours
.
And
albeit
that
in
the
dayes
of
th
inhabitantes
yet
liuynge
,
Electrum
was
no
where
digged
,
yet
knewe
they
where
the
myne
therof
was
:
The
myne
of
Electrum
.
but
owre
men
with
muche
adoo
,
coulde
hardely
cause
them
to
shewe
them
the
place
,
they
bore
them
suche
priuie
hatred
.
Yet
at
the
length
,
they
browght
theym
to
the
myne
,
beyng
nowe
ruinate
and
stopped
with
stones
and
rubbisshe
.
It
is
muche
easier
to
dygge
then
is
the
iren
myne
:
and
myght
bee
restored
agein
,
if
myners
and
other
woorkemen
skylfull
therin
,
were
appoynted
therto
.
Not
farre
from
the
towre
of
Conception
,
in
the
same
mountaynes
,
is
fownd
great
plentie
of
Amber
:
An other
kynde
of
amber
is
taken
out
of
greate
whale
fishes
and
owte
of
certen
rockes
of
the
same
distilleth
a
substance
of
the
yelowe
coloure
whiche
the
paynters
vse
.
Orpement
or
oker
.
Not
farre
from
these
mountaynes
are
many
greate
wooddes
,
in
the
which
are
none
other
trees
then
brasile
,
whiche
the
Italians
caule
Verzino
.
wooddes
of
brasile
trees
.
But
here
perhappes
(
right
noble
prynce
)
yowe
wolde
aske
what
shoulde
be
the
cause
,
that
where
as
the
Spanyardes
haue
brought
owte
of
these
Ilandes
certen
shyppes
laden
with
brasile
,
sumwhat
of
gossampine
cotton
,
a
quantitie
of
amber
,
a
lyttel
golde
,
and
sum
spices
,
why
they
haue
not
broughte
suche
plentie
of
golde
and
suche
other
ryche
marchaundies
as
the
fruitfulnesse
of
these
regions
seeme
to
promisse
.
To
this
I
answere
,
Causes
of
hinderance
.
that
when
Colonus
the
admirall
was
lykewise
demaunded
the
cause
hereof
,
he
made
answere
that
the
Spanyardes
whiche
he
tooke
with
him
into
these
regions
,
were
gyuen
rather
to
slepe
,
pley
,
and
ydlenesse
;
then
to
laboure
:
And
were
more
studious
of
sedition
and
newes
,
then
desyrous
of
peace
and
quietnesse
:
Also
that
beynge
gyuen
to
lycenciousnes
,
Licenciusnes
of
to
much
l●bertie
they
rebelled
&
forsooke
hym
,
fyndynge
matter
of
false
accusations
agaynst
hym
,
bycause
he
went
aboute
to
represse
theyr
owtragiousenes
.
By
reason
wherof
he
was
not
yet
able
to
breake
the
power
of
the
inhabytantes
,
and
freely
to
possesse
the
full
dominion
of
the
Ilande
.
And
these
hynderaunces
to
be
the
cause
that
hitherto
the
gaynes
haue
scarsely
counteruayled
the
charges
.
And
this
only
gathered
&
not
digged
out
of
the
bodi
of
the
min●
Albeit
,
euen
this
yere
whyle
I
wryte
these
thynges
at
owre
requeste
,
they
gathered
in
twoo
moonethes
the
summe
of
a
thousande
and
twoo
hundreth
poundes
weight
of
golde
.
But
bycause
we
intende
to
speake
more
largely
of
these
thynges
in
theyr
place
,
we
wyll
nowe
retourne
from
whense
we
haue
digressed
.
When
the
inhabitantes
perceaued
that
they
could
by
no
meanes
shake
the
yoke
from
their
neckes
,
they
made
humble
supplication
to
the
Admirall
that
they
myght
stande
to
theyr
tribute
,
The
people
make
●u●●lica●ion
to
st●d
to
their
tribute
and
apply
them selues
to
reincrease
the
fruites
of
theyr
countrey
,
beinge
nowe
almoste
wasted
.
He
graunted
them
theyr
requeste
:
and
appoynted
such
order
that
euery
Region
shulde
paye
their
tribute
,
with
the
commodities
of
theyr
countreys
,
accordinge
to
theyr
portion
,
and
at
suche
tyme
as
they
were
agreed
vppon
.
But
the
violent
famine
dyd
frustrate
all
these
appoyntmentes
.
Famine
.
For
all
the
trauayles
of
theyr
bodyes
,
were
scarsely
able
to
suffice
to
fynde
them
meate
in
the
wooddes
,
whereby
to
susteyne
theyr
lyues
,
beinge
of
longe
tyme
contented
with
rootes
and
the
fruites
of
wylde
trees
.
Yet
manye
of
the
kynges
with
theyr
people
,
euen
in
this
extreme
necessitie
,
browght
parte
of
theyr
tribute
:
Moste
humbly
desyringe
the
Admirall
to
haue
compassion
of
theyr
calamities
,
and
to
beare
with
them
yet
a
whyle
,
vntyll
the
Iland
were
restored
to
the
owlde
state
.
Promysinge
further
,
that
that
which
was
nowe
wantinge
,
shulde
then
bee
dowble
recompensed
.
But
fewe
of
the
inhabitantes
of
the
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
,
kepte
theyr
promyse
,
bycause
they
were
sorer
oppressed
with
famine
then
any
of
the
other
.
The
nature
of
the
Region
dispo●eth
the
maner
of
the
people
.
They
saye
,
that
the
inhabitantes
of
these
mountaynes
,
differ
no
lesse
in
maners
and
language
from
them
which
dwel
in
the
playnes
,
them
amonge
vs
,
the
rusticalles
of
the
countrey
from
gentylmen
of
the
courte
:
wheras
notwithstandinge
,
they
lyue
bothe
as
it
were
vnder
one
portion
of
heuen
,
and
in
many
thinges
,
much
after
one
fasshion
,
as
in
nakednes
,
and
rude
simplicitie
:
But
nowe
lette
vs
returne
to
Caunaboa
,
kynge
Caunaboa
in
captiuitie
.
the
kynge
of
the
howse
of
golde
,
beinge
in
captiuitie
.
When
he
perceaued
him selfe
to
be
caste
in
pryson
,
fretinge
and
gratinge
his
teethe
as
it
had
bin
a
lyon
of
Libia
,
and
dayely
and
nightlye
deuisinge
with
hymself
howe
he
myght
bee
delyuered
,
The
persuasion
of
Caunaboa
.
beganne
to
persuade
the
Admirall
,
that
for
as
muche
as
he
had
nowe
taken
vnto
his
dominion
the
Region
of
Cipanga
or
Cibaua
(
wherof
he
was
king
)
it
shulde
bee
expedient
to
sende
thyther
a
garryson
of
Christian
men
,
to
defen●e
the
same
from
the
incursions
of
his
owld
enemyes
and
borderers
.
For
he
sayde
,
that
it
was
signyfied
vnto
hym
,
that
the
countreye
was
wasted
and
spoyled
with
suche
incursions
.
By
this
crafty
deuise
,
he
thought
to
haue
browght
to
passe
,
that
his
brother
whiche
was
in
that
regyon
,
and
the
other
his
kynsefolkes
and
frendes
with
their
adherentes
,
shoulde
haue
taken
,
eyther
by
sleyghte
or
force
,
as
many
of
owre
men
,
as
myght
haue
redeemed
hym
.
But
the
Admyrall
vnderstandynge
his
crafty
meanynge
,
sente
Hoi●dae
with
suche
a
coompany
of
men
,
as
might
vanquishe
the
Cibauians
,
if
they
shulde
moue
warre
ageynste
them
.
Owre
men
had
scarsely
entered
into
the
Region
,
but
the
brother
of
Caunaboa
came
agenste
them
with
an
armie
of
fyue
thousande
naked
menne
,
Caunaboa
his
brother
rebelleth
.
armed
after
theyr
maner
with
clubbes
,
arrowes
typte
with
bones
,
and
speares
made
harde
at
the
endes
with
fyre
.
He
stole
vpon
owre
men
beyng
in
one
of
theyr
howses
:
and
encamped
rownde
about
the
same
on
euery
syde
.
This
Cibauian
,
as
a
man
not
ignorant
in
the
disciplyne
of
warre
,
abowte
the
distance
of
a
furlonge
from
the
howse
,
diuided
his
armye
into
fyue
batayles
,
appoyntinge
to
euery
of
them
a
circuite
by
equal
diuision
:
And
placed
the
froont
of
his
owne
batayle
,
directlye
ageynst
owre
men
.
When
he
had
thus
set
his
batayles
in
good
array
,
he
gaue
certeyne
signes
that
the
hole
army
shulde
marche
forwarde
in
order
with
equal
paces
,
and
with
a
larome
fresshly
assayle
theyr
enemies
,
A
conflict
betwene
the
Cibauians
and
the
Spanyardes
.
in
such
sort
that
none
might
escape
.
But
owre
men
iudginge
it
better
to
encounter
with
one
of
the
batayles
,
then
to
abyde
the
brunt
of
the
hole
army
,
gaue
onset
on
the
mayne
batayle
aranged
in
the
playne
,
bycause
that
place
was
most
commodious
for
the
horsemen
.
When
the
horsemen
therfore
hadde
gyuen
the
charge
,
they
ouerthrewe
them
with
the
brestes
of
theyr
horses
,
and
slewe
as
many
as
abode
th
ende
of
the
fyght
.
The
Cibauians
haue
the
ouerthrowe
.
The
residue
beinge
stryken
with
feare
,
disparcled
,
and
fledde
to
the
mountaynes
and
rockes
:
from
whense
they
made
a
pytifull
houlynge
to
owre
men
,
desyringe
them
to
spare
them
:
protestinge
that
they
wolde
neuer
more
rebelle
,
but
doo
what
so
euer
they
woulde
commaunde
them
,
if
they
wolde
suffer
theim
to
lyue
in
theyr
owne
countrey
.
Thus
the
brother
of
Caunaboa
beinge
taken
,
the
Admirall
licenced
the
people
to
resorte
euery
man
to
his
owne
.
These
thinges
thus
fortunately
atchiued
this
Region
was
pacified
.
Amonge
those
mountaynes
,
the
vale
which
Caunaboa
inhabited
,
is
cauled
Magona
,
and
is
excedynge
fruitfull
:
hauinge
in
it
many
goodly
springes
:
and
ryuers
,
in
the
sande
wherof
,
is
fownde
great
plentie
of
golde
.
The
same
yeare
in
the
mooneth
of
Iune
,
A
great
tempest
in
the
moneth
of
Iune
.
they
saye
there
rose
suche
a
boystous
tempeste
of
wynde
from
the
sowtheaste
,
as
hath
not
lyghtly
ben
harde
of
:
The
violence
hereof
was
such
that
it
plucked
vppe
by
the
rooes
what
so
euer
greate
trees
were
within
the
reache
of
the
force
therof
.
When
this
whirle
wynde
came
to
the
hauen
of
the
citie
,
it
beate
downe
to
the
bottome
of
the
sea
,
three
shippes
which
lay
at
anker
,
Three
ships
drowned
lyinge
at
anker
&
broke
the
cables
in
sundre
:
and
that
(
which
is
the
greater
maruail
)
without
any
storme
or
rowghnes
of
the
sea
,
onely
turnynge
them
three
or
foure
tymes
abowte
.
The
inhabitantes
also
affirme
,
that
the
same
yeare
,
the
sea
extended
it selfe
further
in
to
the
lande
,
and
rose
higher
then
euer
it
dyd
before
by
the
memory
of
man
,
by
the
space
of
a
cubet
.
The
people
therfore
,
muttered
amonge
them selues
,
that
owre
nation
hadde
trowbled
the
elementes
,
and
caused
such
portentous
signes
.
These
tempestes
of
the
ayer
(
which
the
Grecians
caule
Tiphones
,
that
is
,
whyrle
wyndes
)
they
caule
,
whyrle
wyndes
.
Furacanes
:
Furacanes
.
which
they
say
,
doo
often
tymes
chaunce
in
this
Ilande
:
But
that
neyther
they
nor
theyr
great
grandfathers
euer
sawe
suche
violent
and
furious
Furacanes
,
that
plucked
vppe
greate
trees
by
the
rootes
:
Neyther
yet
suche
surges
and
vehement
motions
on
the
sea
,
that
soo
wasted
the
lande
.
As
in
deede
it
may
appeare
,
for
as
muche
as
,
where
so
euer
the
sea
bankes
are
nere
to
any
plaine
there
are
in
maner
euery
where
,
florishing
medowes
reachinge
euen
vnto
the
shore
.
But
nowe
let
vs
returne
to
Caunaboa
.
As
kynge
Caunaboa
therefore
and
his
brother
shoulde
haue
binne
browght
into
Spayne
,
The
death
of
kynge
Caunab●a
and
his
brother
.
they
dyed
by
the
waye
for
verye
pensyuenes
and
anguyshe
of
mynde
.
The
Admiral
,
whose
shippes
were
drowned
in
the
forsayde
tempeste
,
perceauinge
him selfe
to
bee
nowe
enclosed
,
commaunded
foorthwith
two
other
shippes
(
which
the
Spaniardes
caule
Carauelas
)
to
bee
made
.
For
he
had
with
hym
,
all
maner
of
artificers
perteyninge
therunto
.
Whyle
these
thinges
were
dooinge
,
he
sent
foorth
Bartholomeus
Colonus
his
brother
,
beinge
leauetenaunt
of
the
Ilande
,
with
an
army
of
men
to
searche
the
golde
mynes
beinge
dystant
three
score
leaques
from
the
citie
of
Isabella
,
Bartholomeus
Colonus
th●●eauete●a●nt
sear●he●●
the
go●d●●●nes
.
which
were
fownde
by
the
conducte
of
certeyne
people
of
the
Ilande
,
beefore
the
mynes
of
Cipanga
or
Cibaua
,
were
knowen
.
In
these
mynes
,
they
fownde
certeyne
deepe
pittes
which
had
byn
digged
in
owlde
tyme
,
owte
of
these
pyttes
,
the
Admirall
(
who
affirmeth
this
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
to
bee
Ophir
,
as
we
haue
sayde
before
)
supposeth
th●t
Salomon
the
kynge
of
Hierus●lem
had
his
greate
ryches
of
golde
wherof
we
reede
in
the
owlde
testamente
:
The
golde
mynes
of
Salomon
.
And
that
his
shippes
sayled
to
this
Ophir
by
the
goulfe
of
Persia
cauled
Sinus
Persicus
.
But
whether
it
bee
soo
or
not
,
it
lyeth
not
in
me
to
iudge
,
but
in
my
opinion
it
is
farre
of
.
As
the
myners
dygged
the
superficiall
or
vppermost
parte
of
the
earthe
of
the
mynes
,
Golde
in
the
superficiall
partes
of
the
earth
.
durynge
for
the
space
of
.vi.
miles
,
and
in
dyuers
places
syfted
the
same
on
the
drye
lande
,
they
fownde
such
plentie
of
golde
,
that
euery
hyred
labourer
could
easely
fynde
euery
day
,
the
weyght
of
three
drammes
.
These
mynes
beinge
thus
searched
and
fownde
,
the
Lieuetenaunte
certifyed
the
Admirall
hereof
by
his
letters
.
The
which
when
he
had
receaued
the
.v.
daye
of
the
Ides
of
Marche
.
Anno.
1495.
he
entered
into
his
newe
shippes
,
and
tooke
his
viage
directly
to
Spayne
to
aduertise
the
kynge
of
all
his
affayres
,
The
Admiral
taketh
his
viage
to
spaine
leauinge
the
hole
regiment
of
the
Iland
with
his
brother
the
Lieuetenaunte
,
¶
The
fyfte
booke
of
the
fyrst
decade
,
to
Lodouike
Cardinall
of
Aragonie
.
AFter
the
Admyralles
departyng
into
Spain
his
Brother
the
Lieuetenaunte
,
buylded
A
fortesse
in
the
golde
mynes
,
as
he
had
commaunded
hym
.
This
he
cauled
the
golden
towre
,
The
golden
towre
.
bycause
the
labourers
fownde
golde
in
the
earth
and
stone
wherof
they
made
the
waules
of
the
fortresse
.
He
consumed
three
monethes
in
makynge
the
instrumentes
wherwith
the
golde
shulde
bee
gathered
,
washed
,
tryed
,
and
molten
.
Lacke
of
vytayles
.
Yet
was
he
at
this
tyme
by
reason
of
wante
of
vitayles
,
enforced
to
leaue
all
thynges
imperfecte
,
and
to
goo
seeke
for
meate
.
Thus
as
he
with
a
bande
of
armed
men
,
had
entered
three
score
myles
further
within
the
lande
,
the
people
of
the
countrey
here
and
there
resortynge
to
hym
,
gaue
hym
a
certen
portion
of
theyr
breade
in
exchange
for
other
of
owre
thynges
.
But
he
coulde
not
long
tary
here
,
bicause
they
lacked
meate
in
the
fortresse
,
whyther
he
hasted
with
such
as
he
had
now
gotten
.
Leauyng
therfore
in
the
fortresse
a
garryson
of
tenne
men
,
with
that
portion
of
the
Ilande
breade
whiche
yet
remayned
,
huntinge
houndes
.
leauynge
also
with
them
a
hownde
to
take
those
kyndes
of
lyttle
beastes
which
they
caule
Vsias
,
not
muche
vnlyke
owre
conyes
,
he
returned
to
the
fortresse
of
Conception
.
This
also
,
was
the
moonthe
wherin
the
kynge
Guarionexius
,
and
also
Manicautexius
,
kynge
Manicautexius
.
bortherer
vnto
hym
,
shulde
haue
brought
in
theyr
tributes
.
Remaynynge
there
the
hole
moonthe
of
Iune
,
he
exacted
the
hole
tribute
of
these
twoo
kinges
,
and
vytayles
necessary
for
hym
and
suche
as
he
brought
with
hym
,
whiche
were
abowt
foure
hundreth
in
number
.
Shortely
after
,
abowte
the
calendes
of
Iulye
,
there
came
three
Caraueles
from
Spayne
,
Uytayles
browght
from
Spayne
.
bringynge
with
them
sundry
kyndes
of
vitayles
,
as
wheate
,
oyle
wyne
,
bacon
,
and
marckelmas
beafe
:
whiche
were
dyuyded
to
euery
man
accordynge
as
neede
required
.
Sum
also
was
lost
in
the
cariage
for
lacke
of
good
lookyng
too
.
At
the
arryuall
of
these
shyppes
,
the
lieuetenaunte
receaued
commaundment
from
the
kynge
and
the
Admyrall
his
brother
,
that
he
with
his
men
shulde
remoue
theyr
habitation
to
the
sowthe
syde
of
the
Ilande
,
bycause
it
was
nerer
to
the
golde
mynes
:
Also
that
he
shoulde
make
dilygent
searche
for
those
kynges
whiche
had
slayne
the
Christian
men
,
and
to
sende
them
with
theyr
confederates
,
bownd
into
Spayne
.
At
the
nexte
vyage
therfore
,
he
sent
three
hundreth
captiues
with
three
Kinges
:
And
when
he
had
diligently
searched
the
coastes
of
the
south
syde
,
he
transported
his
habitation
,
and
buylded
a
fortresse
there
,
vpon
the
toppe
of
a
hyll
,
neere
vnto
a
shure
hauen
.
This
fortresse
,
he
cauled
saynt
Dominikes
towre
.
Saynt
Dominikes
towre
.
Into
this
hauen
,
runneth
A
ryuer
of
holsome
water
,
replenyshed
with
sundrye
kyndes
of
good
fysshes
.
They
affyrme
this
ryuer
to
haue
many
benefytes
of
nature
.
For
,
where
so
euer
it
runneth
all
thynges
are
excedynge
pleasaunte
and
fruitfull
:
hauynge
on
euery
syde
,
groues
of
date
trees
,
Groues
of
date
trees
.
and
dyuers
other
of
the
Ilande
frutes
so
plentyfully
,
that
as
they
sayled
alonge
by
the
shore
,
often
tymes
the
branches
therof
laden
with
flowres
&
fruites
,
hunge
soo
ouer
theyr
heades
,
that
they
mighte
plucke
them
with
theyr
handes
.
Also
that
the
frutefulnes
of
this
grownde
,
is
eyther
equall
with
the
soyle
of
Isabella
,
or
better
.
In
Isabella
,
Isabe●l●
.
he
lefte
only
certeyne
sicke
men
and
shippe
wrightes
,
whom
he
had
appointed
to
make
certeyne
carauels
The
residue
of
his
men
,
he
conueighed
to
the
sowth
,
to
saint
Dominickes
towre
.
After
he
had
buylded
this
fortresse
,
leauinge
therin
a
garryson
of
.xx.
men
,
he
with
the
remanent
of
his
souldiers
,
prepared
them selues
to
searche
the
inner
partes
of
the
Weste
syde
of
the
Ilande
,
hytherto
knowen
onely
by
name
.
Therfore
abowte
.xxx.
leaques
,
(
that
is
)
foure
score
and
tenne
myles
from
the
fortresse
,
he
chaunced
on
the
ryuer
Naiba
,
The
ryuer
of
Naiba
whiche
we
sayde
to
descende
from
the
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
,
ryght
towarde
the
sowth
,
by
the
myddest
of
the
Iland
.
When
he
had
ouerpassed
this
ryuer
with
a
coompanye
of
armed
men
diuided
into
.xxv.
decurions
,
that
is
,
tenne
in
a
company
with
theyr
capitaynes
,
he
sent
two
decurions
to
the
regions
of
those
kinges
in
whose
landes
were
the
great
woods
of
brasile
trees
.
wooddes
of
brasile
trees
.
Inclyninge
towarde
the
lefte
hande
,
they
fownde
the
woodes
,
entered
into
them
,
and
felled
the
hygh
and
precious
trees
,
which
were
to
that
day
,
vntouched
.
Eche
of
the
decurions
fylled
certeyne
of
the
Ilande
howses
with
the
trunkes
of
brasile
,
there
to
be
reserued
vntyll
the
shyppes
came
which
shulde
cary
them
away
.
But
the
Lieuetenaunt
directinge
his
iourney
towarde
the
ryght
hande
,
not
farre
from
the
bankes
of
the
ryuer
of
Naiba
,
fownde
a
certeyne
kynge
whose
name
was
Beuchius
Anacauchoa
,
kinge
Beuchius
Anacauchoa
.
encamped
ageynst
th
inhabitantes
of
the
prouince
of
Naiba
,
to
subdue
them
vnder
his
dominion
,
as
he
had
doone
manye
other
kynges
of
the
Ilande
,
bortherers
vnto
hym
:
The
palaice
of
this
great
kynge
,
is
cauled
Xaragua
:
The
palaice
of
●aragua
.
and
is
situate
towarde
the
Weste
ende
of
the
Ilande
,
distante
from
the
ryuer
of
Naiba
.xxx.
leaques
.
All
the
prynces
which
dwell
betwene
the
Weste
ende
and
his
palaice
,
are
ditionaries
vnto
hym
.
All
that
Region
from
Naiba
,
,
to
the
furtheste
marches
of
the
weste
,
is
vtterly
withowte
golde
,
althowgh
it
bee
full
of
mountaynes
.
Mountaynes
without
gold
When
the
kynge
had
espied
owre
men
,
layinge
a
parte
his
weapons
,
&
gyuinge
signes
of
peace
,
he
spake
gentelly
to
them
,
incerteyne
whether
it
were
of
humanitie
or
feare
)
and
demaunded
or
them
what
they
woolde
haue
.
The
Lieuetenaunte
aunswered
:
That
he
shulde
paye
tribute
to
the
Admirall
his
brother
,
Tribute
.
in
the
name
of
the
Christian
kynge
of
Spayne
.
To
whom
he
sayde
:
Howe
can
yowe
requyre
that
of
me
,
whereas
neuer
a
Region
vnder
my
dominion
bringeth
foorth
golde
.
For
he
had
harde
,
that
there
was
a
strange
nation
entered
into
the
Ilande
,
whiche
made
greate
searche
for
golde
.
But
he
supposed
that
they
desyred
none
other
thynge
.
The
leauetenaunt
answered
ageyne
:
God
forbydde
that
we
shulde
enioyne
any
man
to
pay
such
tribute
as
he
myght
not
easely
forbeare
,
or
such
as
were
not
engendered
or
growinge
in
the
Region
:
But
we
vnderstand
that
your
Regions
brynge
foorth
great
plentie
of
Gossampine
cotton
,
and
hempe
,
The
woolfe
entreateth
.
the
sheepe
.
with
suche
other
,
whereof
we
desyre
yowe
to
gyue
vs
parte
.
When
he
harde
these
woordes
,
he
promysed
with
cherefull
countenaunce
,
to
gyue
hym
as
muche
of
these
thynges
as
he
wolde
requyre
.
Thus
dismissinge
his
army
,
&
sendynge
messengers
beefore
,
he
hym selfe
accoompanyed
the
Leauetenaunte
and
browght
hym
to
his
palaice
,
beinge
dystante
(
as
we
haue
sayde
)
.xxx.
leaques
.
In
al
this
tracte
,
they
passed
throwgh
the
Iurisdiction
of
other
princes
beinge
vnder
his
dominion
:
Of
the
whiche
,
sume
gaue
them
hempe
,
of
no
lesse
goodnes
to
make
tackelinges
for
shippes
then
owre
woodde
.
Other
sume
,
browght
breade
,
and
sum
gossampyne
cotton
:
hempe
and
gossampine
cotton
.
And
soo
euery
of
them
payde
tribute
with
suche
commodities
as
theyr
countreys
browght
foorth
.
At
the
lengthe
they
came
to
the
kinges
mansion
place
of
Xaragua
.
Before
they
entered
into
the
palaice
,
howe
the
Lieuetenant
was
receaued
at
the
kynges
palaice
.
A
greate
multitude
of
the
kynges
seruauntes
and
subiectes
resorted
to
the
courte
,
honorably
(
after
their
maner
)
to
receaue
their
kyng
Beuchius
Anacauchoa
,
with
the
strangers
which
he
browght
with
hym
to
se
the
magnificence
of
his
courte
.
But
nowe
shall
yowe
heare
howe
they
were
interteyned
.
Amonge
other
tryumphes
and
syghtes
,
two
are
especially
to
bee
noted
.
Fyrste
there
mette
them
a
company
of
xxx
.
women
,
beinge
all
the
kynges
wyues
and
concubines
,
The
kinges
wyues
.
bearinge
in
theyr
handes
branches
of
date
trees
,
singinge
and
daunsinge
:
They
were
all
naked
,
sauynge
that
theyr
pryuie
partes
were
couered
with
breeches
of
gossampine
cotton
.
But
the
virgins
,
hauynge
theyr
heare
hangynge
downe
abowte
their
shulders
,
tyed
abowte
the
foreheade
with
a
fyllet
,
were
vtterly
naked
.
well
fauered
women
.
They
affirme
that
theyr
faces
,
brestes
,
pappes
handes
,
and
other
partes
of
theyr
bodyes
,
were
excedynge
smoothe
,
and
well
proportioned
:
but
sumwhat
inclyning
to
a
louely
browne
.
They
supposed
that
they
had
seene
those
most
beawtyfull
Dryades
,
Dryades
.
or
the
natyue
nymphes
or
fayres
of
the
fontaynes
wherof
the
antiquites
speake
so
muche
.
The
branches
of
date
trees
which
they
bore
in
theyr
right
handes
when
they
daunced
,
they
delyuered
to
the
Leauetenaunt
with
lowe
curtesy
and
smylynge
countenaunce
.
Thus
enteringe
into
the
kynges
howse
,
they
fownde
a
delycate
supper
prepared
for
them
after
theyr
maner
.
A
delicate
supper
.
When
they
were
well
refreshed
with
meate
,
the
nyght
drawinge
on
,
they
were
browght
by
the
kynges
officers
,
euery
man
to
his
lodginge
,
accordyng
to
his
degree
,
in
certeyne
of
theyr
howses
abowte
the
palaice
,
where
they
rested
them
in
hangynge
beddes
after
the
maner
of
the
countrey
,
hanginge
beddes
.
wherof
we
haue
spoken
more
largely
in
an
other
place
.
¶
The
daye
folowyng
they
browght
owre
men
to
their
common
haule
,
A
common
haule
.
into
the
whiche
they
coome
together
as
often
as
they
make
any
notable
games
or
triumphes
,
as
we
haue
said
before
.
Here
,
after
many
daunsynges
,
synginges
,
maskinges
runnynges
,
wrestlynges
,
and
other
tryinge
of
mastryes
,
soodenly
there
appered
in
a
large
plaine
nere
vnto
the
haule
.ii.
greate
armies
of
men
of
warre
,
whiche
the
kynge
for
his
pastyme
had
caused
to
bee
prepared
,
A
pretie
pastyme
.
as
the
Spaniardes
vse
the
playe
with
reedes
whiche
they
caule
Iuga
de
Canias
.
As
the
armies
drewe
neere
together
,
they
assayled
the
one
the
other
as
fiersely
,
as
if
mortal
ennemies
with
theyr
baners
spleade
,
shulde
fight
for
theyr
goodes
,
theyr
landes
,
theyr
lyues
,
their
libertie
,
theyr
countrey
,
theyr
wyues
and
theyr
chyldren
.
Soo
that
within
the
momente
of
an
howre
,
foure
men
were
slayne
,
Foure
men
slaine
in
●port
and
many
wounded
.
The
battayle
also
shoulde
haue
contynued
longer
,
if
the
kynge
had
not
at
the
request
of
owre
men
,
caused
them
to
cease
.
The
thyrde
day
,
the
Lieuetenant
conselynge
the
kynge
to
sowe
more
plentie
of
gossampine
vppon
the
bankes
nere
vnto
the
waters
syde
,
that
they
myghte
the
better
paye
theyr
tribute
priuately
accordynge
to
the
multitude
of
theyr
howses
,
he
repayred
to
Isabella
to
vysite
the
sicke
men
whiche
he
had
lefte
there
,
and
also
to
see
howe
his
woorkes
wente
forwarde
.
In
the
tyme
of
his
absence
.xxx.
of
his
men
were
consumed
with
diuerse
diseases
.
Prouision
for
diseased
men
Wherfore
beinge
sore
trowbled
in
his
mynde
,
and
in
maner
at
his
wyttes
ende
what
he
were
best
to
doo
,
for
as
muche
as
he
wanted
al
thynges
necessarie
as
well
to
restore
them
to
healthe
whiche
were
yet
acrased
,
as
also
vitayles
to
mayntaine
the
hole
multitude
,
where
as
there
was
yet
no
shippe
coome
from
Spaine
,
as
at
the
length
he
determyned
to
sende
abrode
the
sicke
men
here
and
there
to
sundrye
Regions
of
the
Ilande
,
and
to
the
castelles
which
they
had
erected
in
the
same
.
for
directly
from
the
citie
of
Isabella
to
saynt
Dominikes
towre
,
that
is
,
from
the
north
to
the
south
,
The
castels
or
towres
of
hispaniola
.
throwgh
the
Iland
,
they
had
buylded
thus
many
castelles
.
Fyrste
.xxxvi.
myles
distante
from
Isabella
,
they
buylded
the
castell
of
Sperantia
.
from
Sperantia
.
xxv
.
myles
,
was
the
castell
of
saynte
Catharine
.
from
saynte
Catharines
.xx.
myles
,
was
saynt
Iames
towre
.
Other
.xx.
miles
from
saynte
Iames
towre
,
was
A
stronger
fortresse
then
any
of
the
other
,
which
they
cauled
the
towre
of
Conception
:
which
he
made
the
stronger
bicause
it
was
situate
at
the
rootes
of
the
golden
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
,
The
golden
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
.
in
the
greate
and
large
playne
soo
fruitefull
and
well
inhabited
as
we
haue
before
described
.
He
buylded
also
an
other
in
the
mydde
waye
betwene
the
towre
of
Conception
&
saynt
Dominikes
towre
.
The
which
also
was
stronger
then
the
towre
of
Conception
,
bycause
it
was
within
the
lymittes
of
A
great
kynge
,
hauing
vnder
his
dominion
fiue
thowsande
men
:
whose
chiefe
Citie
and
heade
of
the
Realme
,
beynge
cauled
Bonauum
,
Bonauum
he
wylled
that
the
castell
shulde
also
bee
cauled
after
the
same
name
.
Therfore
leauynge
the
sicke
men
in
these
castels
and
other
of
the
Ilande
howses
nere
vnto
the
same
,
he
hym selfe
repayred
to
saynte
Dominikes
,
Tribute
.
eractinge
tributes
of
all
the
kynges
whiche
were
in
his
waye
.
When
he
had
taryed
there
A
fewe
dayes
,
there
was
a
rumor
spredde
,
that
all
the
kynges
abowte
the
borders
of
the
towre
of
Conception
,
had
conspyred
with
desperate
myndes
to
rebell
agenste
the
Spaniardes
.
The
kynges
rebelle
.
When
the
Lieuetenaunte
was
certified
hereof
,
he
tooke
his
iorneye
towarde
them
immediately
,
not
beyng
discoraged
eyther
by
the
lengthe
of
the
waye
,
or
feeblenesse
of
his
souldyers
,
beynge
in
maner
forweried
with
trauayle
.
As
he
drewe
nere
vnto
them
,
he
had
aduertisement
that
kynge
Guarionexius
was
chosen
by
the
other
prynces
to
bee
the
Capitayne
of
this
rebellion
:
Guarionexius
capitaine
of
the
conspiracie
.
And
that
he
was
enforsed
therto
halfe
vnwilling
,
beynge
seduced
by
theyr
perswasions
and
prouocations
.
The
whiche
is
more
lykely
to
be
trewe
,
for
that
he
had
before
had
experience
of
the
power
and
policie
of
owre
men
.
They
came
together
at
a
daye
appoynted
,
accoompanied
with
.xv.
thousande
men
,
An
army
of
xv
thou●ande
Barbarians
.
armed
after
their
maner
,
once
agen
to
proue
the
fortune
of
warre
.
Here
the
Lieuetenaunte
consultynge
with
the
Capitayne
of
the
fortresse
and
the
other
souldiers
of
whom
he
had
the
conducte
,
determyned
to
sette
vpon
them
vnwares
in
their
owne
howses
before
they
coulde
prepare
theyr
army
.
He
sent
foorthe
therfore
to
euery
kynge
,
a
Centurian
,
that
is
,
a
capitaine
of
a
hundreth
,
which
were
commaunded
vppon
a
sudden
to
inuade
theyr
howses
in
the
night
,
and
to
take
them
sleepinge
,
beefore
the
people
(
beinge
scattered
here
and
there
)
might
assemble
togyther
.
Thus
secreatly
enteringe
into
their
vylages
,
not
fortified
with
waules
,
trenches
,
or
bulwarkes
,
they
broke
in
vppon
them
,
tooke
them
,
bounde
them
,
The
kynges
are
taken
p●●soners
.
and
led
away
euery
man
his
prisoner
according
as
they
were
commaunded
.
The
Lieuetenaunt
hym selfe
with
his
hundreth
men
,
assayled
kynge
Guarionexius
as
the
woorthier
personage
,
whom
he
tooke
prysoner
as
dyd
the
other
capitaynes
theyr
kynges
,
&
at
the
same
howre
appoynted
.
Foureteene
of
theym
were
browght
the
same
nyght
to
the
towre
of
Conception
.
Shortlye
after
,
when
he
had
put
to
death
two
of
the
kynges
which
were
the
chiefe
autours
of
this
newe
reuolte
,
and
had
suborned
Guarionexius
and
the
other
kynges
to
attempte
the
same
:
least
the
people
for
sorowe
of
theyr
kynges
shulde
neglecte
or
forsake
their
countrey
,
which
thinge
myght
haue
byn
greate
incommoditie
to
owre
men
,
who
by
th
increase
of
theyr
seedes
and
fruites
were
oftentymes
ayded
,
he
freely
pardoned
and
dismissed
Guarionexius
and
the
other
kynges
.
kynge
Guarionexius
is
pardoned
.
The
people
in
the
meane
tyme
flocked
togyther
abowte
the
towre
,
to
the
nomber
of
fyue
thowsande
withowte
weapons
,
with
pytiful
houling
for
the
delyueraunce
of
theyr
kynges
:
The
ayer
thundered
,
&
the
earth
trembeled
throwgh
the
vehemencie
of
theyr
owtery
The
Lieuetenaunt
warned
Guarionexius
and
the
other
kynges
,
with
threatenynges
,
with
rewardes
,
and
with
promyses
,
neuer
hereafter
to
attempte
any
suche
thynge
.
Then
Guarionexius
made
an
oration
to
the
people
of
the
great
power
of
owre
men
,
of
theyr
clemencie
towarde
offenders
,
and
liberalitie
to
suche
as
remayne
faithfull
:
desyringe
them
to
quiet
theyr
myndes
:
and
from
hensefoorth
nother
in
deede
nor
thowght
to
interpryse
any
thynge
ageynst
the
Christians
,
but
to
obeye
&
serue
them
,
excepte
they
wolde
dayly
br●nge
them selues
into
further
calamyties
.
When
the
oration
was
fynyshed
,
they
tooke
hym
vp
and
set
hym
on
theyr
shulders
,
and
soo
caryed
hym
home
to
his
owne
palaice
.
And
by
this
meanes
,
this
Region
was
pacified
for
a
whyle
.
But
owre
men
,
with
heauy
countenaunce
wandered
vppe
and
downe
,
as
desolate
in
a
strange
countrey
,
lackinge
vytailes
,
Lacke
of
vytayles
.
and
worne
owte
of
apparell
,
wheras
.xv.
moonethes
were
nowe
passed
sence
the
Admirals
departure
:
duringe
which
tyme
,
they
coulde
heare
nothynge
owte
of
Spayne
.
The
Leauetenaunt
comforted
them
all
th●t
he
coulde
with
fayre
wordes
and
promyses
.
In
the
meane
tyme
,
Beuchius
Anacauchoa
(
the
kynge
of
the
Weste
partes
of
the
Region
of
Xaragua
(
of
whom
we
spake
before
)
sente
messengers
to
the
Lieuetenaunt
to
signifye
vnto
hym
,
Beuchius
Anacauchoa
,
the
kynge
of
Xaragua
.
that
he
hadde
in
a
redynes
the
gossampine
cotton
and
suche
other
thinges
as
he
wylled
hym
to
prepare
for
the
paymente
of
his
trybute
.
Whervppon
the
Lieuetenaunt
tooke
his
iorney
thyther
,
and
was
honorably
receaued
of
the
kynge
and
his
syster
,
suntyme
the
wyfe
of
Caunaboa
the
kynge
of
Cibaua
,
Queene
Anacaona
,
the
wife
of
kynge
Caunaboa
.
bearing
no
lesse
rule
in
the
gouernaunce
of
her
brothers
kyngedome
,
then
he
hym selfe
.
For
they
affirme
her
to
bee
a
wyse
woman
,
of
good
maners
,
and
pleasaunt
in
company
.
Shee
ernestly
persuaded
her
brother
by
th
example
of
her
husbande
,
to
loue
and
obeye
the
Christians
.
This
woman
was
cauled
Anacanoa
.
He
fownde
in
the
palaice
of
Beuchius
Anacauchoa
.xxxii.
kynges
which
hadde
browght
theyr
tributes
with
them
,
xxx●i
.
kynges
.
and
abode
his
comminge
.
They
browght
with
them
also
besyde
theyr
trybute
assigned
them
,
further
to
demerite
the
fauour
of
owre
men
,
great
plentie
of
vytayles
:
as
bothe
kyndes
of
breade
,
cunnyes
,
and
fysshes
,
alredy
dryed
bycause
they
shulde
not
putrifie
:
Serpentes
also
of
that
kynd
which
wee
sayd
to
bee
esteemed
amonge
them
as
most
delicate
meate
,
Serpentes
eaten
.
and
lyke
vnto
Crocodiles
sauing
in
byggenes
.
These
serpentes
they
caule
Iuannas
,
which
owre
men
learned
sumewhat
to
late
to
haue
byn
engendred
in
the
Ilande
.
For
vnto
that
day
,
none
of
them
durste
aduenture
to
taste
of
them
by
reason
of
theyr
horrible
deformitie
and
lothe
sumnes
.
Yet
the
Lieuetenaunt
beinge
entysed
by
the
pleasantnes
of
the
kynges
syster
,
determined
to
taste
of
the
serpentes
.
But
when
he
felte
the
fleshe
therof
to
bee
so
delicate
to
his
tonge
,
he
fel
too
,
amayne
without
al
feare
.
The
which
thinge
his
coompanyons
perceauinge
,
were
not
behynde
hym
in
greedines
:
In
soo
muche
that
they
hadde
nowe
none
other
talke
then
of
the
sweetenes
of
these
serpentes
:
which
they
affyrme
to
bee
of
more
pleasaunte
taste
,
then
eyther
owre
phesauntes
or
pertriches
.
But
they
lose
theyr
taste
,
excepte
they
bee
prepared
after
a
certeyne
fasshion
:
as
doo
peacockes
and
phesauntes
except
they
bee
interlarded
beefore
they
bee
rosted
.
They
prepare
them
therefore
after
this
maner
.
The
dressing
of
serpentes
to
be
eaten
.
Fyrst
takynge
owte
theyr
bowels
euen
from
the
throte
to
the
thyghes
,
they
wa●●e
and
rubbe
theyr
bodies
very
cleane
bothe
within
and
withowte
.
Then
rouling
them
togyther
on
a
cyrcle
,
inuolued
after
the
maner
of
a
slepynge
snake
,
they
thruste
them
into
a
potte
of
no
bygger
capacitie
then
to
houlde
them
only
.
This
doone
,
puttinge
a
lyttle
water
vnto
them
with
a
portion
of
the
Ilande
pepper
,
they
seethe
them
with
a
soft
fyer
of
sweete
woodde
,
and
suche
as
maketh
no
greate
smoke
.
Of
the
fat
of
them
beinge
thus
sodde
,
is
made
an
excedinge
pleasaunte
brothe
or
potage
.
They
say
also
,
that
there
is
no
meate
to
bee
compared
to
the
egges
of
these
serpentes
,
Serpentes
egges
eaten
.
which
they
vse
to
seethe
by
them selues
.
They
are
good
to
bee
eaten
as
sone
as
they
are
sodde
:
And
may
also
bee
reserued
many
dayes
after
.
But
hauinge
sayde
thus
muche
of
theyr
intertaynement
and
daintie
fare
,
let
vs
nowe
speake
of
other
matters
.
When
the
Lieuetenaunt
had
fylled
one
of
the
Ilande
howses
with
the
gossampine
cotton
which
he
hadde
receaued
for
trybute
,
Gossampine
cotton
.
the
kynges
promysed
furthermore
to
gyue
hym
as
muche
of
theyr
breade
,
as
he
wolde
demaunde
.
He
gaue
them
hartie
thankes
and
gentely
accepted
their
freendly
profer
.
In
the
meane
time
whyle
this
breade
was
gatheringe
in
sundry
Regions
to
bee
browght
to
the
palaice
of
Beuchius
Anacauchoa
kynge
of
Xaragua
,
he
sent
messengers
to
Isabella
for
one
of
the
two
carauelles
which
were
lately
made
there
:
intendinge
to
sende
the
same
thyt●er
ageyne
laden
with
breade
.
The
maryners
gladde
of
these
tydynges
,
sayled
abowte
the
Ilande
,
and
in
short
space
browght
the
shippe
to
the
coastes
of
Xaragua
.
The
syster
of
kynge
Beuchius
Anacauchoa
,
that
wyse
and
pleasaunt
woman
Anacaona
,
●ueene
Anacaona
.
(
the
wyfe
sumtyme
of
Caunaboa
the
kynge
of
the
golden
howse
of
the
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
,
whose
husbande
dyed
in
the
way
when
he
shulde
haue
byn
caryed
into
Spayne
,
)
when
shee
harde
saye
that
owre
shyppe
was
arryued
on
the
shore
of
her
natiue
countrey
,
persuaded
the
kynge
her
brother
that
they
bothe
myght
goo
togyther
to
see
it
.
For
the
place
where
the
shyppe
lay
,
was
not
paste
.vi.
myles
distante
from
Xaragua
.
They
rested
all
night
,
in
the
mydde
way
,
in
a
certeyne
vyllage
in
the
which
was
the
treasurye
or
iewell
howse
of
An●caona
.
The
treasurie
of
Queene
Anacaona
.
Her
treasure
was
nother
goulde
,
syluer
,
or
precious
stones
,
but
only
thynges
necessary
to
bee
vsed
,
as
cheyars
,
stooles
,
settels
,
dysshes
,
potingers
,
pottes
,
pannes
,
basons
,
treyes
,
and
suche
other
howsholde
stuffe
and
instrumentes
,
workemanly
made
of
a
certeyne
blacke
and
harde
shyninge
woodde
which
that
excellent
lerned
phisition
Iohn
baptiste
Elisius
,
affirmeth
to
bee
hebene
.
hebene
woodde
.
What
so
euer
portion
of
wytte
nature
hath
gyuen
to
the
inhabitantes
of
these
Ilandes
,
the
same
doth
most
appeare
in
these
kynde
of
woorkes
,
in
whiche
they
shewe
great
arte
and
cunnyng
.
But
those
which
this
woman
had
,
were
made
in
the
Iland
of
Guanabba
,
The
Ilande
of
Guanabba
situate
in
the
mouth
of
the
weste
syde
of
Hispaniola
.
In
these
they
graue
the
lyuely
Images
of
such
phantasies
as
they
suppose
they
see
walke
by
night
which
the
Antiquitie
cauled
Lemures
.
Also
the
Images
of
men
serpents
,
Conninge
artificers
.
beastes
,
&
what
soo
euer
other
thyng
they
haue
once
seene
.
What
wolde
yowe
thinke
(
moste
noble
Prynce
)
that
they
coulde
doo
,
if
they
had
the
vse
of
Iren
and
steele
?
For
they
onely
fyrste
make
these
softe
in
the
fyre
,
and
afterwarde
make
them
holowe
&
carue
them
with
a
certeyne
stone
which
they
fynde
in
the
ryuers
.
A
stone
in
the
steede
of
Iren
Of
stooles
and
chayers
,
shee
gaue
the
Lieuetenaunt
.xiiii.
And
of
vesselles
perteynynge
to
the
table
and
kychen
,
shee
gaue
hym
three
score
,
sum
of
wood
and
sume
of
earthe
.
Also
of
gossampine
cotton
ready
spunne
foure
great
bottomes
of
excedinge
weight
.
The
day
folowing
when
they
came
to
the
sea
syde
,
where
was
an
other
vylage
of
the
kynges
,
the
Lieuetenaunt
commaunded
the
shyppe
boat
to
bee
browght
to
the
shore
.
The
kyng
also
had
prepared
two
canoas
,
paynted
after
theyr
maner
:
one
for
hym selfe
and
certeyne
of
his
gentelmen
:
an
other
for
his
syster
Anacaona
and
her
waytinge
women
.
But
Anacaona
desyred
to
bee
caried
in
the
shyppe
boate
with
the
Lieuetenaunte
.
When
they
nowe
approched
nere
vnto
the
shyppe
,
Gunnes
.
certeyne
great
pieces
of
ordinaunce
were
discharged
of
purpose
.
The
sea
was
fylled
with
thunder
,
and
the
ayer
with
smooke
.
They
trembled
and
quaked
for
feare
,
supposinge
that
the
frame
of
the
world
had
byn
in
danger
of
fauling
.
But
when
they
sawe
the
Lieuetenaunte
lawgh
,
and
looke
cherefully
on
them
,
they
cauled
ageyne
theyr
spirites
.
Musical
instrumentes
.
And
when
they
yet
drewe
nerer
to
the
shippe
,
and
harde
the
noyse
of
the
fluites
,
shalmes
,
&
drummes
,
they
were
wonderfully
astonyed
at
the
sweete
harmony
therof
.
Ignorance
causeth
admiration
.
Enterynge
into
the
shyppe
and
beholdinge
the
foreshippe
and
the
sterne
,
the
toppe
castel
,
the
maste
,
the
hatches
,
the
cabens
,
the
keele
,
and
the
tackelinges
,
the
brother
fixinge
his
eyes
on
the
syster
,
and
the
syster
on
the
brother
,
they
were
bothe
as
it
were
dumme
and
amased
,
and
wyste
not
what
to
saye
for
to
muche
wonderynge
.
Whyle
beholdinge
these
thinges
they
wandered
vp
and
downe
the
shippe
,
the
Lieuetenaunt
commaunded
the
ankers
to
bee
loosed
,
and
the
sailes
to
be
hoysed
vp
.
Then
were
they
further
astonyshed
,
when
they
sawe
soo
greate
a
mole
,
to
moue
as
it
were
by
it selfe
,
without
ores
and
without
the
force
of
man
.
For
there
arose
from
the
earth
suche
a
wynde
as
a
man
wolde
haue
wyshed
for
of
purpose
.
Yet
furthermore
,
when
they
perceaued
the
shyppe
to
moue
suntyme
forwarde
and
sumtyme
backewarde
:
sumtyme
towarde
the
ryght
hande
and
sumtyme
towarde
the
lefte
,
&
that
with
one
wynde
and
in
maner
at
one
instante
,
they
were
at
theyr
wyttes
ende
for
to
muche
admiration
.
These
thynges
fynished
and
the
shyppes
beinge
laden
with
breade
and
suche
other
rewardes
,
they
beinge
also
recompensed
with
other
of
owre
thynges
,
he
dismissed
not
onely
the
kynge
Beuchius
Anacauchoa
,
and
his
syster
,
but
lykewise
all
theyr
seruauntes
and
women
replenyshed
with
ioye
and
woonderinge
.
After
this
,
he
hym selfe
tooke
his
iorney
by
foote
with
his
souldiers
to
the
citie
of
Isabella
:
where
he
was
aduertised
that
one
Roldanus
Ximenus
,
Roldanus
Xeminus
.
a
nawghty
felowe
,
(
whom
before
beinge
his
seruante
,
he
had
preferred
to
bee
capitayne
of
the
myners
and
labourers
,
and
after
made
hym
a
Iudge
in
causes
of
controuersie
)
had
vsed
hym selfe
owtragiously
and
was
malyciously
mynded
ageinst
hym
,
and
further
,
the
cause
of
much
myschiefe
in
his
absence
.
The
intemperancie
and
malice
of
a
seruile
witte
aduaunced
.
For
kynge
Guarionexius
(
who
a
whyle
before
was
pardoned
of
his
former
rebellion
,
and
persuaded
the
people
to
obeye
the
Spanyardes
)
was
by
his
nawghty
vsage
,
and
suche
other
as
were
confethered
with
hym
,
so
accensed
to
reuenge
the
iniuries
which
they
susteyned
at
his
handes
,
bysyde
the
abhominable
actes
which
they
folowynge
onely
the
lawe
of
nature
,
abhorred
to
admytte
,
that
he
with
his
famelie
,
famylyers
,
&
ditionaries
,
of
desperate
mynde
fledde
to
the
mountaynes
beinge
distant
from
Isabella
onely
tenne
leaques
Westwarde
,
towarde
the
north
syde
of
the
sea
.
These
mountaynes
,
Cignaian●
.
and
also
the
inhabitantes
of
the
same
they
caule
by
one
name
Ciguaios
.
The
greate
kyng
of
al
the
kynges
and
regions
of
these
mountayne
,
is
cauled
Maiobanexius
:
Maiobanexius
,
the
great
kynge
of
the
mountaynes
and
his
courte
or
palaice
is
named
Capronus
.
The
mountaynes
are
rowgh
,
hygh
,
and
suche
as
no
man
can
passe
to
the
toppes
therof
.
They
are
also
bendynge
:
and
haue
theyr
corners
reachinge
downe
to
the
sea
.
Betwene
bothe
the
corners
of
the
mountaynes
,
is
there
a
greate
playne
,
by
the
which
many
riuers
faule
from
the
mountaynes
into
the
sea
.
The
people
are
verye
fierse
and
warlyke
men
,
The
inhabytantes
of
the
mountaynes
.
hauing
theyr
original
of
the
Canybales
.
For
when
they
descende
from
the
mountaynes
to
the
playnes
to
keepe
warre
with
theyr
bortherers
,
they
eate
all
suche
as
they
kyll
.
Guarionexius
therfore
,
Guarionexius
rebelleth
ageyne
.
flyinge
to
this
kyng
of
these
mountaynes
,
gaue
hym
many
presentes
of
suche
thynges
as
are
wantinge
in
his
countrey
:
therwith
declaringe
howe
vylely
,
vylaynously
,
and
violently
,
he
had
byn
vsed
of
owre
men
:
with
whom
he
could
nothinge
preuayle
nother
by
fayre
meanes
,
nor
by
foule
:
nother
by
humilytie
nor
by
stoutnes
.
And
that
to
bee
the
cause
of
his
resortinge
to
hym
at
that
tyme
:
moste
humbly
desyring
hym
to
bee
his
defence
ageynst
th
oppressions
of
suche
myscheuous
people
.
Maiobanexius
here
vppon
,
made
hym
promesse
to
ayde
and
helpe
hym
ageynst
the
Christians
al
that
he
myght
.
The
Lieuetenaunt
therfore
made
hast
to
the
fortresse
of
Conception
:
whyther
as
soone
as
he
was
coome
,
he
sent
for
Roldanus
Xeminus
,
Roldanus
Xeminus
rebelleth
.
who
with
suche
as
folowed
hym
,
lay
in
certeyne
of
the
Ilande
vylages
,
twelue
miles
distant
from
the
fortres
.
At
his
comminge
,
the
Leauetenaunt
asked
hym
what
al
these
sturres
and
tumultes
ment
.
He
answered
without
abashement
:
Yowre
brother
the
Admirall
hath
to
doo
therwith
,
and
shall
answere
for
the
same
before
the
kynge
.
For
we
perceaue
that
the
kynge
hath
soo
put
hym
in
truste
,
that
he
hath
hadde
no
regarde
to
vs
.
Here
we
peryshe
for
hunger
whyle
we
folowe
yowe
:
and
are
dryuen
to
seeke
owre
vnhappy
foode
in
the
desertes
.
Yowre
brother
also
,
assigned
me
assistant
with
yowe
in
gouerninge
the
Ilande
.
Wherfore
syth
yowe
haue
no
more
respecte
vnto
vs
,
we
are
determyned
noo
longer
to
bee
vnder
yowre
obedience
.
When
Roldanus
had
spoken
these
wordes
&
suche
other
,
the
Lieuetenaunte
wolde
haue
layde
handes
on
hym
:
but
he
escaped
his
fyngers
,
and
fledde
to
the
weste
partes
of
the
Region
of
Xaragua
,
hauinge
with
hym
a
trayne
of
threescore
and
tenne
men
whiche
were
of
his
confetheracie
.
Here
this
fylthy
synke
of
rebels
thus
conspired
,
played
their
vages
and
lyued
with
loose
brydels
in
al
kyndes
of
myschefe
robbynge
the
people
,
spoylinge
the
countrey
,
Licenciou●nes
in
l●berte
and
rauyshinge
bothe
wyues
and
virgines
.
Whyle
these
thynges
were
doing
in
the
Ilande
,
the
Admirall
hadde
eyght
shyppes
appoynted
hym
by
the
kynge
:
Of
the
whiche
he
sent
two
laden
with
vitayles
,
from
Cales
or
Gades
of
Hercules
pyllers
,
hercules
pyllers
.
directly
to
the
Lieuetenaunt
his
brother
.
These
shyppes
by
chaunce
arryued
fyrst
on
that
syde
of
the
Ilande
where
Roldanus
Xeminus
ranged
with
his
coompanyons
.
Roldanus
in
shorte
tyme
hadde
seduced
them
:
promysinge
them
in
the
steade
of
mattockes
,
A
violente
persasion
.
wenches
pappes
:
for
laboure
,
pleasure
:
for
hunger
,
abundance
:
and
for
wearynes
and
watchinge
,
sleepe
and
quietnes
.
Guarionexius
in
the
meane
tyme
,
The
furie
of
guarionexius
assemblynge
a
power
of
his
freendes
and
confetherates
,
came
oftentymes
downe
into
the
playne
,
and
slewe
as
many
of
the
Christian
men
,
as
he
coulde
meete
conuenientlye
,
and
also
of
the
Ilande
menne
whiche
were
theyr
freendes
:
wastynge
theyr
grounde
,
destroyinge
theyr
seedes
,
and
spoylinge
theyr
vylages
.
But
Roldanus
and
his
adherentes
,
albeit
they
had
knowleage
that
the
Admiral
wolde
shortly
coome
,
yet
feared
they
nothynge
bycause
they
had
seduced
the
newe
menne
which
came
in
the
fyrste
shippes
.
Whyle
the
Lieuetenaunt
was
thus
tossed
in
the
middest
of
these
stormes
,
in
the
meane
tyme
his
brother
the
Admyrall
set
forwarde
from
the
coastes
of
Spay●e
:
But
not
directly
to
Hispaniola
:
For
he
turned
more
towarde
the
southe
.
In
the
which
vyage
,
The
thyrde
vyage
of
●olenus
the
Admirall
.
what
he
dyd
,
what
coastes
both
of
the
lande
and
sea
he
coompased
,
and
what
newe
regions
he
discouered
,
wee
wyl
fyrst
declare
.
For
to
what
ende
and
conclusion
the
sayde
tumultes
and
seditions
came
,
wee
wyll
expresse
in
th
ende
of
the
booke
folowynge
.
Thus
fare
ye
well
.
¶
The
syxte
booke
of
the
fyrste
decade
,
to
Lodouike
Cardinall
of
Aragonie
.
COlonus
the
Admyral
,
the
thyrde
day
of
the
Calendes
of
Iune
,
in
the
yeare
of
Christe
.1498
.
hoysed
vp
his
sayles
in
the
hauen
of
the
towne
Barramedabas
,
not
farre
distante
from
Cales
:
and
set
forwarde
on
his
vyage
with
eyght
shippes
laden
with
vytayles
and
other
necessaries
.
He
diuerted
from
his
accustomed
rase
which
was
by
the
Ilandes
of
Canarie
,
by
reason
of
certeyne
frenchemen
pirates
and
couers
on
the
sea
,
Frenche
men
pyrats
.
whiche
laye
in
the
ryght
way
to
meete
with
hym
.
In
the
way
from
Cales
to
the
Ilandes
of
Canarie
,
abowte
foure
score
and
ten
myles
towarde
the
lefte
hande
,
is
the
Ilande
of
Madera
,
The
Iland
of
Madera
.
more
southwarde
then
the
citie
of
Ciuile
by
foure
degrees
.
For
the
pole
artyke
is
eleuate
to
Ciuile
,
xxxvi
.
degrees
:
But
to
this
Iland
(
as
the
mariners
saye
)
only
.xxxii.
He
sayled
therfore
fyrste
to
Madera
.
And
sendinge
from
thense
directly
to
Hispaniola
,
the
resydue
of
the
shippes
laden
with
vytayles
and
other
necessaries
,
he
hym selfe
with
one
shyppe
with
deckes
,
and
two
marchaunt
carauelles
coasted
towarde
the
southe
to
coome
to
the
Equinoctial
lyne
,
The
Admiral
ayleth
to
the
Equinoctiall
.
and
so
furth
to
folowe
the
tracte
of
the
same
towarde
the
West
,
to
th
intent
to
searche
the
natures
of
suche
places
as
he
coulde
fynde
vnder
or
nere
vnto
the
same
,
leauinge
Hispaniola
on
the
north
syde
on
his
ryght
hande
.
In
the
myddle
of
his
rase
,
lye
xiii
.
Ilandes
of
the
Portugales
,
whiche
were
in
owlde
tyme
cauled
Hesperides
:
And
are
nowe
cauled
Caput
Viride
,
or
Caboeurde
.
●ixii
.
Ilandes
of
hesperides
,
now
cauled
Cabouerde
.
These
are
situate
in
the
sea
,
ryght
ouer
ageynst
the
inner
partes
of
Ethiope
,
Westwarde
two
dayes
saylinge
.
One
of
these
the
Portugales
caule
Bonauista
.
With
the
snayles
,
or
rather
tortoyses
of
this
Ilande
,
many
leprous
men
are
healed
and
clensed
of
theyr
leprositie
.
healynge
of
the
leper
.
Departing
sodainly
from
hense
by
reason
of
the
contagiousnes
of
the
ayre
,
he
sayled
.
CCCCLXXX
myles
towarde
the
Weste
southwest
,
which
is
the
myddest
betwene
the
weste
and
the
southe
.
There
was
he
so
vexed
with
maladies
and
heate
(
for
it
was
the
moneth
of
Iune
)
that
his
shyppes
were
almoste
sette
on
fyre
.
Contagious
ayre
and
extreeme
heate
The
hoopes
of
his
barrels
cracked
and
brake
,
and
the
fresshe
water
ranne
owte
.
The
men
also
complayned
that
they
were
not
able
to
abyde
that
extremitie
of
heate
.
Here
the
northe
pole
was
eleuate
only
.v.
degrees
from
the
Horizontall
.
The
pole
eleuate
.v.
degrees
.
For
the
space
of
.viii.
dayes
in
the
which
he
suffered
these
extremites
,
only
the
fyrst
day
was
fayre
:
but
all
the
other
,
clowdy
and
rayny
:
yet
neuerthelesse
feruent
hotte
.
Wherefore
it
oftentymes
repented
hym
not
a
little
that
euer
he
tooke
that
way
.
Beinge
tossed
in
these
dangiours
and
vexations
eyght
contynuall
dayes
,
at
the
lengthe
an
Eastsoutheaste
wynde
arose
,
and
gaue
a
prosperous
blaste
to
his
sayles
.
Which
wynde
folowinge
directly
towarde
the
weste
,
he
fownde
the
starres
ouer
that
paralelle
,
placed
in
other
order
,
The
starres
placed
in
other
order
.
and
an
other
kynde
of
ayer
,
as
the
Admirall
hym selfe
towlde
me
.
And
they
al
affirme
,
that
within
three
dayes
saylinge
,
they
fownde
moste
temperate
and
pleasaunte
ayre
.
The
Admirall
also
affirmeth
,
that
from
the
clime
of
the
great
heate
and
vnholsome
ayer
,
he
euer
ascended
by
the
backe
of
the
sea
,
as
it
were
by
a
hygh
mountayne
towarde
heauen
.
A
sea
rysyng
lyke
a
mountayne
.
Yet
in
all
this
tyme
,
coulde
he
not
once
see
any
lande
.
But
at
the
length
,
the
day
before
the
Calendes
of
Iuly
,
the
watcheman
lookynge
foorth
of
the
toppecastell
of
the
greatest
shyppe
,
cryed
owte
alowde
for
ioy
that
he
espyed
three
excedynge
hyghe
mountaynes
:
Exhortinge
his
felowes
to
bee
of
good
cheere
,
and
put
away
all
pensiuenes
.
For
they
were
very
heauy
and
sorowfull
,
as
well
for
the
greefe
which
they
susteyned
by
reason
of
th
intolerable
heate
,
as
also
that
their
freshe
water
fayled
them
,
which
ranne
owte
at
the
ryftes
of
the
barels
,
caused
by
extreme
heate
as
we
haue
sayde
.
heate
causeth
the
barrels
to
breke
.
Thus
beinge
wel
conforted
,
they
drewe
to
the
lande
.
Yet
at
theyr
fyrst
approche
,
they
coulde
not
arryue
by
reason
of
the
shalownes
of
the
sea
nere
the
shore
.
Yet
lookyng
owte
of
theyr
shyppes
,
they
might
well
perceaue
that
the
Region
was
inhabyted
and
well
cultured
.
For
they
sawe
very
fayre
gardens
,
and
pleasaunte
medowes
:
frome
the
trees
and
herbes
wherof
,
when
the
mornynge
dewes
beganne
to
ryse
,
there
proceaded
manye
sweete
sauoures
.
Swete
sauours
proceadynge
frome
the
lande
.
Twentie
myles
distant
from
hense
,
they
chaunced
into
a
hauen
,
verye
apte
to
harborowe
shippes
,
but
it
had
no
ryuer
runninge
into
it
.
Saylinge
on
yet
sumwhat
further
,
he
fownde
at
the
lengthe
a
commodious
hauen
wherin
he
might
repayre
his
shippes
and
make
prouision
of
fresshe
water
and
fuell
.
Arenalis
cauleth
this
lande
Puta
.
The
Iland
of
Puta
.
They
fownd
no
houses
nere
vnto
the
hauen
:
but
innumerable
steppes
of
certeine
wilde
beastes
feete
,
of
the
which
they
fownde
one
deade
much
lyke
a
goate
.
The
day
folowynge
,
People
of
ly
corporature
&
longe
heare
nere
the
Equin●ctiall
.
they
sawe
a
Canoa
commynge
a
farre
of
,
hauinge
in
it
.xxiiii
,
younge
men
of
godly
corporature
&
high
stature
,
al
armed
with
targets
,
bowes
&
arrowes
The
heare
of
theyr
heds
,
was
longe
&
plaine
,
&
cutte
on
the
forheade
much
after
the
maner
of
the
Spanyardes
.
Theyr
priuie
partes
were
couered
with
fillettes
of
gossampyne
cotton
,
of
sundry
coloures
enterlaced
:
And
were
besyde
al
ouer
naked
.
Here
the
Admirall
consideringe
with
hym selfe
the
corporature
of
this
people
and
nature
of
the
lande
,
he
beleaued
the
same
to
bee
soo
much
the
nerer
heauen
then
other
Regions
of
the
same
paralelle
,
The
higher
the
coulder
.
and
further
remoued
from
the
grosse
vapours
of
the
vales
and
marysshes
,
howe
muche
the
hygheste
toppes
of
the
byggest
mountaynes
are
distante
from
the
deepe
vales
.
For
he
ernestly
affirmeth
,
that
in
all
that
nauigation
,
he
neuer
wente
owte
of
the
paralelles
of
Ethiope
:
So
greate
difference
is
there
betwene
the
nature
of
th
inhabitantes
and
of
the
soyles
of
dyuers
Regions
all
vnder
one
clyme
or
paralelle
▪
as
is
to
see
betwene
the
people
and
regions
being
in
the
firme
lande
of
Ethiope
,
Difference
betwene
people
of
one
c●ime
.
Ethiopia
.
and
theym
of
the
Ilandes
vnder
the
same
clime
,
hauinge
the
pole
starre
eleuate
in
the
same
degree
.
For
the
Ethiopians
are
all
blacke
,
hauinge
theyr
heare
curld
more
lyke
wulle
then
heare
.
But
these
people
of
the
Iland
of
Put●
(
beinge
as
I
haue
sayde
vnder
the
clyme
of
Ethiope
)
are
whyte
,
with
longe
heare
,
and
of
yelowe
colour
.
Wherfore
it
is
app●rente
,
the
cause
of
this
soo
greate
difference
,
Note
the
cause
of
difference
.
to
bee
rather
by
the
disposition
of
the
earthe
,
then
constitucion
of
heauen
.
For
wee
knowe
,
that
snowe
fauleth
on
the
mountaynes
of
the
Equinoctiall
or
burnte
lyne
,
and
the
same
to
endure
there
continually
:
We
knowe
lykewyse
that
th
inhabitantes
of
the
Regions
farre
distante
frome
that
lyne
towarde
the
northe
,
are
molested
with
greate
heate
.
¶
The
Admiral
that
he
myght
allure
the
younge
men
to
him
with
gentelnes
,
shewed
them
lokynge
glasses
,
fayre
&
bright
vesselles
of
copper
,
haukes
belles
,
and
suche
other
thynges
vnknowen
to
them
.
But
the
more
they
were
cauled
,
so
much
the
more
they
suspected
crafte
and
deceate
,
and
fledde
backewarde
.
Yet
dyd
they
with
greate
admiracion
beholde
owre
men
and
theyr
thynges
,
but
styll
hauinge
their
ores
in
theyr
handes
redy
to
flye
.
When
the
Admirall
sawe
that
he
coulde
by
no
meanes
allure
them
by
gyftes
,
he
thought
to
proue
what
he
coulde
do
with
musicall
instrumentes
:
Musical
instrumentes
.
and
therefore
commaunded
that
they
which
were
in
the
greatest
shippe
,
shulde
play
on
theyr
drummes
and
shalmes
.
But
the
younge
men
supposinge
this
to
bee
a
token
of
battayle
,
lefte
theyr
ores
,
and
in
the
twynlynge
of
an
eye
hadde
put
theyr
arrowes
in
theyr
bowes
and
theyr
targettes
on
theyr
armes
:
And
thus
directinge
theyr
arrowes
towarde
owre
men
,
stoode
in
expectacion
to
knowe
what
this
noyse
myght
meane
.
Owre
men
lykewise
preparinge
theyr
bowes
and
arrowes
,
approched
toward
them
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
.
But
they
departinge
from
the
Admirals
shippe
,
and
trustinge
to
the
dexteritie
of
theyr
ores
came
soo
neare
one
of
the
lesse
shippes
,
that
one
of
theym
plucked
the
clooke
from
the
gouernour
of
that
shippe
,
and
as
wel
as
they
coulde
by
signes
,
requyred
hym
to
coome
alande
,
promysinge
feyth
that
they
wolde
common
with
hym
of
peace
.
But
when
they
sawe
hym
goo
to
the
Admirals
shippe
whether
he
went
to
aske
leaue
that
he
might
common
with
them
,
suspectinge
heareby
sume
further
deceate
,
they
lept
immmediatly
into
the
Canoa
,
and
fledde
as
swyft
as
the
wynde
.
So
that
to
conclude
,
they
coulde
by
no
meanes
be
allured
to
familiaritie
.
Wherfore
the
Admirall
thowght
it
not
conuenient
to
bestowe
any
longe
tyme
there
,
at
this
vyage
.
No
greate
space
frome
this
Ilande
,
euer
towarde
the
weste
,
the
Admirall
saith
he
fownde
so
owteragious
a
faule
of
water
,
runninge
with
such
a
violence
from
the
Easte
to
the
Weste
,
The
violent
course
of
the
water
from
the
Easte
to
the
Weste
.
that
it
was
nothynge
inferioure
to
a
myghty
streame
faulynge
from
hyghe
mountaynes
.
He
also
confessed
,
that
since
the
fyrst
daye
that
euer
he
knewe
what
the
sea
mente
,
he
was
neuer
in
suche
feare
.
Proceadinge
yet
sumwhat
further
in
this
daungerous
vyage
,
he
fownde
certeyne
goulfes
of
.viii.
myles
,
as
it
had
byn
th
enteraunce
of
sume
greate
hauen
,
into
the
which
,
the
sayde
violent
streames
dyd
faule
.
These
goulfes
or
streyghtes
,
he
cauled
Os
Draconis
,
The
goulfe
cauled
Os
Draconis
.
that
is
,
the
dragons
mouth
.
And
the
Iland
directly
ouer
ageynste
the
same
,
he
named
Margarita
.
Owte
of
these
streyghtes
,
isshewed
no
lesse
force
of
fresshe
water
whiche
encounteringe
with
the
saulte
,
dyd
stryue
to
passe
foorth
:
Soo
that
betwene
bothe
the
waters
,
was
no
smaule
conflict
.
A
conflict
betwene
the
fre●he
water
&
the
salte
.
But
enteringe
into
the
goulfe
,
at
the
lengthe
he
fownde
the
water
therof
very
fresshe
and
good
to
drynke
.
The
Admyrall
hym selfe
,
and
they
which
were
his
companions
in
this
vyage
,
beinge
men
of
good
credit
,
and
perceauinge
my
diligence
in
searchinge
for
these
matters
,
towlde
me
yet
of
a
greater
thynge
.
That
is
,
that
for
the
space
of
.xxvi
,
leaques
,
amountynge
to
a
hundreth
and
foure
myles
,
he
sayled
euer
by
freshe
water
:
A
sea
of
fresh
water
.
In
so
muche
,
that
the
further
he
proceaded
,
especially
towarde
the
west
,
he
affirmeth
the
water
to
bee
the
fre●her
.
After
this
,
he
came
to
a
highe
mountayne
,
marmasets
&
monkeys
.
inhabited
onely
with
moonkeys
or
marmasits
on
that
part
towarde
the
East
.
For
that
syde
was
rowgh
with
rockye
and
stony
mountains
:
And
therfore
not
inhabyted
with
men
.
Yet
they
that
went
a
lande
to
searche
the
countrey
,
fownde
nere
vnto
the
sea
,
many
fayre
fieldes
well
tylled
and
sowen
:
But
noo
people
,
nor
yet
houses
or
cotages
.
Parhappes
they
were
gone
further
in
to
the
countrey
to
sowe
theyr
corne
and
applye
theyr
husbandry
,
as
wee
often
see
owre
husbande
men
to
leaue
theyr
stations
and
vyiages
for
the
same
purpose
.
In
the
weste
syde
of
that
mountayne
,
they
espyed
a
large
playne
,
whither
they
made
haste
,
The
fayre
&
large
region
of
paria
.
and
cast
anker
in
the
brode
ryuer
.
As
soone
as
the
inhabitantes
had
knowleage
that
a
strange
nation
was
arryued
in
theyr
coastes
,
they
came
flockinge
withowte
all
feare
to
see
owre
men
.
We
vnderstode
by
theyr
sygnes
and
poyntynges
,
that
this
Region
was
cauled
Paria
:
and
that
it
was
very
large
:
In
so
muche
that
the
further
it
reacheth
towarde
the
weste
,
to
be
so
muche
the
better
inhabited
and
replenished
with
people
.
The
Admiral
therfore
,
takynge
into
his
shyppe
foure
of
the
men
of
that
lande
,
searched
the
weste
partes
of
the
same
.
By
the
temperatenes
of
the
ayer
,
the
pleasauntnes
of
the
grownde
,
Temperate
ayer
and
frutful
grounde
.
and
the
multytude
of
people
which
they
saw
dayly
more
and
more
as
they
sayled
,
they
coniectured
that
these
thynges
portended
sum
great
matter
:
As
in
deede
their
opinion
fayled
them
not
,
as
we
wyll
further
declare
in
his
place
.
The
soonne
not
yet
rysen
,
but
beginninge
euen
now
to
ryse
,
beinge
one
day
allured
by
the
pleasauntnes
of
the
place
and
sweete
sauours
which
breathed
from
the
land
to
the
shippes
,
Sweete
s●uours
proceadynge
frome
the
lande
.
they
went
alande
.
Here
they
fownde
a
greater
multytude
of
people
then
in
any
other
place
.
As
owre
men
approched
towarde
them
,
there
came
certeine
messengers
from
their
Cacici
,
that
is
,
the
kynges
of
the
countrey
,
to
desyre
the
Admirall
in
the
name
of
theyr
princes
to
coome
to
theyr
palayces
withowte
feare
,
humayne
people
.
and
that
they
and
al
theyrs
shulde
bee
at
his
commaundement
.
When
the
Admirall
had
thanked
them
and
made
his
excuse
for
that
tyme
,
there
came
innumerable
people
with
theyr
boates
to
the
shippes
:
hauyng
for
the
most
parte
cheynes
abowte
theyr
neckes
,
garlandes
on
theyr
heades
,
and
braselettes
on
theyr
armes
of
pearles
of
India
:
Cheynes
and
garlandes
of
gold
&
perles
And
that
so
commonlye
,
that
owre
women
in
playes
and
tryumphes
haue
not
greater
plentie
of
stones
of
glasse
and
crystall
in
theyr
garlandes
,
crownes
,
gerdels
,
and
suche
other
tyrementes
.
Beinge
asked
where
they
gathered
them
,
they
poynted
to
the
next
shore
by
the
sea
bankes
.
They
signified
also
by
certeyne
scorneful
giestures
which
they
made
with
theyr
mouthes
and
handes
,
that
they
nothyng
esteemed
perles
.
Baskettes
ful
of
pearles
,
I
knowe
who
had
bags
ful
.
Taking
also
baskettes
in
their
handes
,
they
made
signes
that
the
same
might
bee
fylled
with
them
in
shorte
space
.
But
bycause
the
corne
wherwith
his
shyppes
were
laden
to
bee
caryed
into
Hispaniola
,
had
taken
hurt
by
reason
of
the
salte
water
,
he
determined
to
deferre
this
marte
to
a
more
conuenient
tyme
.
Yet
he
sent
to
lande
two
of
the
shippe
boates
laden
with
men
,
to
th
intent
to
fetch
sum
garlandes
of
perles
for
exchange
of
our
thynges
,
and
also
sumwhat
to
searche
the
nature
of
the
Region
and
disposition
of
the
people
.
They
enterteyned
owr
men
gentelly
:
howe
the
Admirals
men
were
enterteyned
.
and
came
flockynge
to
them
by
heapes
,
as
it
hadde
byn
to
beholde
sume
straunge
monsters
.
Fyrste
there
came
to
meete
owre
men
,
two
men
of
grauitie
,
whome
the
multitude
folowed
.
One
of
these
was
well
in
age
,
and
the
other
but
younge
.
They
thinke
it
was
the
father
with
his
soonne
whiche
shulde
succede
hym
.
When
the
one
had
saluted
and
embrased
the
other
,
they
browght
owre
men
into
a
certeyne
rownde
howse
,
nere
vnto
the
whiche
,
was
a
greate
courte
.
Hether
were
browght
many
chayers
and
stooles
made
of
a
certeyne
blacke
woodde
,
cheyers
and
st●les
of
hebene
.
and
very
coonningely
wrowght
.
After
that
owre
men
,
and
theyr
Princes
were
sette
,
theyr
wayting
men
came
in
laden
,
sume
with
sundry
delicate
dysshes
,
and
sume
with
wyne
.
Fruites
and
wyne
.
But
theyr
meate
,
was
only
fruites
:
and
those
of
dyuers
kyndes
and
vtterly
vnknowen
to
vs
.
Theyr
wyne
was
both
whyte
and
redde
:
not
made
of
grapes
,
but
of
the
lycour
of
dyuers
fruites
,
and
very
pleasaunte
in
drynkynge
.
wyne
of
the
lycour
of
fruites
.
After
this
banquette
made
in
the
owlde
mans
howse
,
the
younge
man
browght
them
to
his
tabernacle
or
mancion
place
,
where
was
a
greate
coompany
bothe
of
men
and
women
,
but
they
stoode
deceauered
the
one
from
the
other
.
They
are
whyte
,
whyte
men
nere
the
Equinoctial
euen
as
owre
men
are
,
sauynge
suche
as
are
much
conuersant
in
the
sonne
.
They
are
also
very
gentyll
,
and
full
of
humanitie
towarde
strangiers
.
They
coouer
theyr
pryuie
partes
with
gossampine
cotton
wrowght
with
sundry
coloures
:
and
are
besyde
all
naked
.
There
was
fewe
or
none
,
that
had
not
eyther
a
coller
,
a
cheyne
,
or
a
braselette
of
golde
and
pearles
,
and
many
had
all
.
Beinge
asked
where
they
had
that
golde
,
they
poynted
to
certeyne
mountaynes
,
mountaynes
are
the
matrices
of
golde
.
seemynge
with
theyr
countenaunce
to
dissuade
owre
men
from
goinge
thyther
.
For
puttinge
theyr
armes
in
theyr
mouthes
,
and
grynninge
as
thowgh
they
bytte
the
same
,
stylle
poyntinge
to
the
mountaynes
,
they
seemed
to
insinuate
that
men
were
eaten
there
:
But
whether
they
mente
by
the
Canibales
,
Canibales
or
wylde
beastes
owre
men
cowlde
not
well
perceaue
.
They
tooke
it
excedinge
greeuouslye
,
that
they
coulde
nother
vnderstande
owre
men
,
nor
owre
men
them
.
When
they
which
were
sente
to
lande
,
were
returned
to
the
shippes
abowte
three
of
the
clocke
at
after
noone
the
same
daye
,
bringinge
with
them
certeyne
garlandes
and
collers
of
pearles
,
they
loosed
theyr
ankers
to
departe
,
myndinge
to
coome
ageyne
shortly
,
when
all
thynges
were
sette
in
good
order
in
Hispaniola
.
But
he
was
preuented
by
an
other
,
which
defeated
hym
of
the
rewarde
of
his
trauayle
.
He
was
also
hyndered
at
this
tyme
by
reason
of
the
shalownes
of
the
sea
&
violent
course
of
the
water
,
Shalownes
of
the
sea
,
which
with
continual
tossing
,
broosed
the
greatest
ship
as
often
as
any
great
gale
of
wynde
arose
.
To
auoyde
the
daungiours
of
suche
shalowe
places
,
and
shelfes
,
he
euer
sent
one
of
the
smaulest
carauelles
before
,
The
vse
of
careuelles
or
brigantines
.
to
try
the
way
with
soundinge
:
and
the
byggest
sh●ppes
folowed
behynde
.
The
Regions
beinge
in
the
large
prouince
of
Paria
for
the
space
of
.
CCXXX
.
myles
,
are
cauled
of
th
inhabitantes
,
Cumana
,
,
and
Manacapana
:
Cumana
and
Manacapana
regions
of
the
prouince
of
Paria
.
Curiana
.
from
these
regions
distant
three
score
leaques
,
is
there
an
other
Region
cauled
Curiana
.
When
he
had
thus
pass●d
ouer
this
long
tract
of
sea
,
supposing
styll
that
it
had
byn
an
Ilande
,
&
doutinge
that
he
might
passe
by
the
Weste
to
the
Northe
directlye
to
Hispaniola
,
he
chaunced
into
a
ryuer
of
.xxx.
cubettes
depthe
,
&
of
such
breadth
as
hath
not
lyghtly
byn
harde
of
.
A
ryuer
of
maruelous
depth
and
bredth
.
For
he
affirmeth
it
to
bee
.xxviii.
leaques
.
A
lyttle
further
toward
the
Weste
,
yet
sumwhat
more
sowthwarde
as
the
bending
of
the
shore
requyred
,
●he
entered
into
a
sea
full
of
herbes
or
weedes
.
A
●ea
of
weedes
.
The
seede
of
the
herbes
whiche
swymme
on
the
water
,
are
muche
lyke
the
berryes
of
the
tree
cauled
Lentiscus
,
Lentiscus
.
which
beareth
the
sweete
gumme
cauled
M●stix
.
Mastix
.
They
grewe
soo
thicke
,
that
they
sumetyme
in
maner
stayed
the
shippes
.
The
Admirall
reported
,
that
here
there
is
not
one
daye
thorowghe
owte
all
the
yeare
muche
longer
or
shorter
then
an
other
:
And
that
the
Northe
pole
is
here
eleuate
onely
fyue
degrees
as
at
Paria
,
The
eleuation
of
the
pole
at
Paria
.
in
whose
tracte
all
these
coastes
lye
.
Hee
also
declared
certeyne
thynges
as
concerninge
the
variete
of
the
northe
pole
:
The
which
because
they
seeme
contrarye
to
th
oppinions
of
all
the
Astronomers
,
Note
a
secre●te
as
concerning
the
pole
starre
.
I
wyll
touche
them
but
with
a
drye
foote
as
sayth
the
prouerbe
.
But
it
is
wel
knowen
(
moste
noble
prince
)
that
the
starre
which
we
caule
the
pole
starre
,
or
north
starre
,
(
cauled
of
the
Italians
Tramontana
)
is
not
the
very
poynte
of
the
pole
Artyke
vppon
the
whiche
the
axes
or
extremities
of
heauens
are
turned
abowte
.
The
which
thynge
may
well
be
proued
,
if
when
the
starres
fyrst
appeare
,
An
experience
yowe
beeholde
the
pole
starre
throwgh
any
narowe
hole
.
For
soo
,
applyinge
yowre
instrument
therto
in
the
morninge
sumwhat
before
the
day
springe
haue
blemyshed
theyr
lyght
,
yf
then
yowe
looke
throwgh
the
same
hole
,
yowe
shall
perceaue
it
to
bee
moued
from
the
place
where
yowe
sawe
it
fyrst
.
But
howe
it
commeth
to
passe
,
that
at
the
beginnynge
of
the
euenyng
twilight
,
it
is
eleuate
in
that
Region
only
fyue
degrees
in
the
moneth
of
Iune
,
and
in
the
morninge
twylight
to
bee
eleuate
.xv.
degrees
by
the
same
quaadrante
,
A
maruelous
secreate
.
I
doo
not
vnderstande
.
Nor
yet
doo
the
reasons
which
he
bringeth
,
in
any
poynt
satysfye
me
.
For
he
sayth
,
that
he
hereby
coniectured
,
that
the
earth
is
not
perfectlye
rownde
:
But
that
when
it
was
created
,
there
was
a
certeyne
heape
reysed
theron
,
That
the
earth
is
not
perfectly
rownde
.
much
hygher
than
the
other
partes
of
the
same
.
So
that
(
as
he
saith
)
it
is
not
rownde
after
the
forme
of
an
apple
or
a
bal
(
as
other
thynke
)
but
rather
lyke
a
peare
as
it
hangeth
on
the
tree
:
And
that
Paria
is
the
Region
which
possesseth
the
supereminente
or
hyghest
parte
thereof
nereste
vnto
heauen
.
In
soo
muche
that
he
ernestly
contendeth
,
the
earthly
Paradyse
to
bee
situate
in
the
toppes
of
those
three
hylles
,
paradise
is
in
the
mountaynes
of
paria
.
which
wee
sayde
beefore
,
Looke
the
nin●h
booke
seconde
decade
.
that
the
watche
man
sawe
owte
of
the
toppe
castell
of
the
shippe
:
And
that
the
outragious
streames
of
the
fre●he
waters
whiche
soo
violentlye
isshewe
owte
of
the
sayde
goulfes
and
stryue
soo
with
the
salte
water
,
faule
headlonge
from
the
toppes
of
the
sayde
mountaynes
.
But
of
this
matter
,
it
shall
suffice
to
haue
sayde
thus
muche
.
Lette
vs
nowe
therfore
returne
to
the
historye
from
which
we
haue
dygressed
.
When
he
perceaued
hym selfe
to
bee
thus
inwrapped
in
soo
greate
a
goulfe
beyonde
his
expectacion
,
soo
that
he
had
now
no
hope
to
fynde
any
passage
towarde
the
northe
whereby
he
myght
sayle
directly
to
Hispaniola
,
he
was
enforced
to
turne
backe
the
same
way
by
the
which
he
came
,
and
directed
his
viage
to
Hispaniola
by
the
northe
of
that
lande
lyinge
towarde
the
Easte
.
They
which
afterwarde
searched
this
lande
more
curiou●lye
,
wyll
it
to
bee
parte
of
the
continente
or
firme
lande
of
India
,
Paria
is
part
of
the
firme
lande
of
india
and
not
of
Cuba
as
the
Admiral
supposed
.
For
there
are
many
which
affirme
that
they
haue
sayled
rownd
abowt
Cuba
.
But
whether
it
bee
so
or
not
,
or
whether
enuyinge
the
good
fortune
of
this
man
,
they
seeke
occasions
of
querelinge
ageynste
hym
,
I
can
not
iudge
:
But
tyme
shall
speake
,
which
in
tyme
appoynted
,
reuealeth
both
truth
and
falsehod
.
Tyme
reuealeth
al
things
But
whether
Paria
bee
Continent
or
not
,
the
Admirall
dothe
not
muche
contende
.
But
he
supposeth
it
to
bee
Continente
.
He
also
affirmeth
that
Paria
is
more
southewarde
then
Hispaniola
,
Paria
more
southewarde
then
hispaniola
by
eyght
hundreth
fourescore
and
two
myles
.
At
the
length
he
came
to
Hispaniola
(
to
see
his
souldiers
which
he
left
with
his
brethren
)
the
thyrde
day
of
the
calendes
of
September
:
In
the
yeare
1498.
But
(
as
often
tymes
chaunceth
in
humayne
thynges
,
)
amonge
his
soo
many
prosperous
,
pleasaunte
,
and
luckye
affayres
,
fortune
mengeled
sume
seedes
of
wormewoodde
,
and
corrupted
his
pure
corne
with
the
malicious
weedes
of
coccle
.
¶
The
seuenth
booke
of
the
fyrst
decade
,
to
the
same
Lodouike
Cardinall
.
&c.
WHen
the
Admirall
was
nowe
coome
to
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
,
he
fownde
all
thynges
confounded
and
owte
of
order
.
For
Roldanus
(
of
whom
wee
spake
beefore
)
refused
in
his
absence
to
obey
his
brother
,
The
spanyardes
rebe●l
in
the
Admirals
absence
trustinge
to
the
multitude
of
such
as
were
confethered
with
him
.
And
not
onely
behaued
hym selfe
proudely
ageynst
the
Admiralles
brother
and
Lieuetenaunt
sumtyme
his
maister
,
but
also
sente
letters
to
his
reproche
to
the
kynge
of
Spayne
,
therin
accusinge
bothe
the
brehtren
,
leying
heynous
matters
to
theyr
charges
.
But
the
Admirall
ageyne
,
sent
messengers
to
the
kynge
,
which
myght
informe
hym
of
theyr
rebellion
:
Instantly
desyringe
his
grace
,
to
sende
hym
a
newe
supplye
of
men
,
wherby
he
myght
suppresse
theyr
licenciousnes
and
punyshe
them
for
theyr
mischeuous
actes
.
They
accused
the
Admirall
and
his
brother
to
bee
vniust
men
,
The
Spanyardes
accu●e
the
Admirall
.
cruel
enemies
and
sheaders
of
the
Spanyshe
bludde
:
declarynge
that
vppon
euery
lyght
occasion
,
they
wolde
racke
them
,
hange
them
,
and
heade
them
:
And
that
they
tooke
pleasu●e
therin
.
And
that
they
departed
from
them
as
from
cruell
tyrantes
and
wylde
beastes
reioysinge
in
bludde
,
also
the
kynges
enemyes
.
Affyrminge
lykewyse
that
they
well
perceaued
theyr
intente
to
bee
none
other
then
to
vsurpe
Th
empire
of
the
Ilandes
:
whiche
thynge
(
they
sayde
)
they
suspected
by
a
thousand
coniectures
.
And
especially
in
that
they
wolde
permitte
none
to
resorte
to
the
golde
mynes
,
but
only
suche
as
were
theyr
familiers
.
The
Admirales
answere
.
The
Admirall
on
the
contrary
parte
,
when
he
desyred
ayde
of
the
kynge
to
infringe
theyr
insolencie
,
auouched
that
al
those
his
accusers
,
which
had
deuised
suche
lyes
ageynste
hym
,
were
nowghtye
felowes
,
abhominable
knaues
and
vylaynes
,
theues
and
baudes
,
ruff●ans
aduouterers
and
rauishers
of
women
faulse
periured
vagabundes
,
and
suche
as
had
byn
eyther
conuict
in
prysons
,
or
fledde
for
feare
of
Iudgment
:
soo
escaping
punyshement
,
but
not
leauinge
vice
wherin
they
styll
contynued
and
browght
the
same
with
them
to
the
Ilande
,
lyuinge
there
in
lyke
maner
as
before
,
in
thefte
,
lechery
,
and
all
kyndes
of
myscheefe
:
And
soo
gyuen
to
Idlenes
and
sleepe
,
In●olencie
&
idelnes
of
libertie
.
that
wheras
they
were
browght
thyther
for
myners
,
labourers
,
&
scullyans
,
they
wolde
not
nowe
goo
one
furlonge
from
theyr
houses
except
they
were
borne
on
mens
backes
,
lyke
vnto
them
whiche
in
owlde
tyme
were
cauled
Ediles
Curules
.
For
,
These
had
the
cust●●●es
of
the
tēp●ts
.
to
this
office
,
they
put
the
miserable
Ilande
men
,
whom
they
handeled
moste
cruelly
.
For
leaste
theyr
handes
shulde
discontinewe
from
sheadinge
of
bludde
,
and
the
better
to
trye
theyr
strength
and
manhod
,
they
vsed
nowe
and
then
for
theyr
pastyme
to
stryue
amonge
them selues
and
proue
who
coulde
most
cleanely
with
his
swoorde
at
one
stroke
stryke
of
the
heade
of
an
innocente
.
A
cruel
and
deuel●she
pastyme
.
Soo
that
he
which
coulde
with
moste
agilitie
make
the
heade
of
one
of
those
poore
wretches
to
flye
quyte
and
cleane
from
the
body
to
the
grounde
at
one
stroke
,
he
was
the
best
man
and
counted
moste
honorable
.
These
thynges
and
many
suche
other
,
the
one
of
them
layde
to
the
others
charge
beefore
the
kynge
.
Whyle
these
thynges
were
doinge
,
the
Admirall
sente
his
brother
the
lieuetenaunt
with
an
army
of
foure
score
and
tenne
footemen
,
and
a
few
horsemen
,
(
with
three
thousande
of
the
Ilande
men
which
were
mortall
enemies
to
the
Ciguauians
)
to
meete
the
people
of
Ciguaua
,
with
Kynge
Guarionexius
theyr
graunde
capitayne
,
kynge
Guarionerius
is
capitaine
of
.vi.
thousand
Ciguauians
.
who
had
doone
muche
myscheefe
to
owre
men
and
suche
as
fauoured
theym
.
Therefore
when
the
Lieuetenaunt
had
conducted
his
army
to
the
bankes
of
a
certeyne
greate
ryuer
runnynge
by
the
playne
which
we
sayd
before
to
lye
betwene
the
corners
of
the
mountaynes
of
Ciguaua
and
the
sea
,
he
fownde
two
scoutes
of
his
enemyes
lurkinge
in
certeyne
busshes
:
wherof
the
one
,
castynge
hym selfe
head
longe
into
the
sea
,
escaped
:
and
by
the
mouthe
of
the
ryuer
swamme
ouer
to
his
coompanyons
.
The
other
beinge
taken
,
declared
that
in
the
woodde
on
the
other
side
the
ryuer
,
there
lay
in
campe
syxe
thousande
Cyguauians
redy
,
vnwares
to
a●sayle
owre
men
passynge
bye
.
Wherfore
the
Lieuetenaunte
fyndyng
a
shalowe
place
where
he
myght
passe
ouer
,
he
with
his
hole
army
entered
into
the
ryuer
.
The
which
thyng
when
the
Ciguauians
had
espyed
,
they
came
runnynge
owte
of
the
wooddes
with
a
terrible
crye
and
moste
horrible
aspect
,
much
lyke
vnto
the
people
cauled
Agathyrsi
of
whom
the
poete
virgile
speaketh
.
Pie●i
Agathyrsi
.
For
they
were
all
paynted
and
spotted
with
sundry
coloures
,
and
especiall
with
blacke
and
redde
whiche
they
make
of
certeyne
fruites
nooryshed
for
the
same
purpose
in
theyr
gardens
,
Naked
men
painted
with
the
ioyce
of
certen
fruites
.
with
the
ioyce
wherof
they
paynt
them
selues
from
the
forheade
,
euen
to
the
knees
:
hauing
theyr
heare
(
whiche
by
arte
they
make
longe
and
blacke
if
nature
deny
it
them
wrethed
and
rowled
after
a
thousande
fasshions
.
heare
made
longe
&
black
by
arte
.
A
man
wold
th●nke
them
to
bee
deuylles
incarnate
newly
broke
owte
of
hell
,
they
are
soo
lyke
vnto
helhoundes
.
As
owre
men
waded
ouer
the
ryuer
,
they
s●otte
at
them
and
hurled
dartes
soo
thicke
,
that
it
almoste
tooke
the
lyght
of
the
sonne
from
owre
men
.
In
so
much
that
if
they
had
not
borne
of
the
force
therof
with
theyr
targettes
,
The
vse
of
targettes
.
the
matter
hadde
gonne
wronge
with
them
.
Yet
at
the
length
,
many
beinge
wounded
,
they
pa●●ed
ouer
the
ryuer
,
which
thynge
when
the
enemies
sawe
,
they
fled●e
:
whome
owre
men
persuinge
,
slewe
sume
in
the
chase
:
The
Ci●uani
an●
〈◊〉
dryuen
to
●l●ght
.
but
not
many
,
by
reason
of
theyr
swyftenes
of
foote
.
Thus
beinge
in
the
wooddes
,
they
shotte
at
owre
men
more
safely
.
For
they
being
accustomed
to
the
wooddes
and
naked
without
any
lette
,
passed
throwgh
the
busshes
and
shrubbes
as
it
had
byn
wylde
bores
or
hartes
:
wheras
owre
men
were
hyndered
by
reason
of
theyr
apparell
,
targettes
,
longe
iauelens
,
and
ignorance
of
the
place
.
Wherfore
,
when
he
had
rested
there
all
that
nyght
in
vayne
,
and
the
daye
folowynge
sawe
none
steringe
in
the
wodes
,
he
went
(
by
the
councel
and
conducte
of
the
other
Ilande
men
which
were
in
his
a●mye
)
immediatly
from
thense
,
to
the
montaynes
in
the
which
king
Maiobanexius
had
his
cheefe
mansion
place
in
the
vylage
cauled
Capronum
,
kynge
Maiobanexius
.
by
the
which
name
also
,
the
kynges
palaice
was
cauled
,
beinge
in
the
same
vylage
.
Thus
marchinge
forwarde
with
his
army
,
abowte
twelue
myle
of
,
he
encamped
in
the
vylage
of
an
other
kynge
,
which
th
inhabitantes
had
forsaken
for
feare
of
owre
men
.
Yet
makynge
dyligent
search
,
they
fownde
two
,
by
whom
they
had
knowleage
that
there
was
tenne
kynges
with
Maiobanexius
in
his
palaice
of
Capronum
,
with
an
army
of
eight
thousand
Ciguauians
.
An
army
of
viii
.
thousand
Ciguau●a●●
.
At
the
Lieuetenantes
fyrst
approche
,
he
durst
not
gyue
them
battayle
vntyll
he
had
sumwhat
better
searched
the
Region
:
Yet
did
he
in
the
meane
tyme
skyrmysshe
with
them
twyse
.
The
nexte
nyght
abowte
mydnyght
,
he
sent
furth
scoutes
,
and
with
them
guydes
of
the
Ilande
men
which
knewe
the
countrey
.
Whom
the
Ciguauians
espyenge
from
the
mountaynes
,
prepared
them selues
to
the
battayle
with
a
terrible
crye
or
alarome
after
their
maner
:
A
Larome
.
but
yet
durst
not
coome
owte
of
the
wooddes
,
supposing
that
the
Lieuetenaunt
with
his
mayne
army
had
byn
euen
at
hande
.
The
day
folowynge
,
when
he
brought
his
army
to
the
place
where
they
encamped
,
leaping
owt
of
the
wooddes
,
The
Ciguauians
out
to
f●yght
ageine
they
twyse
attempted
the
fortune
of
warre
,
fiercely
assayling
owre
men
with
a
mayne
force
,
and
woundinge
manye
before
they
coulde
coouer
them
with
theyr
targettes
.
Yet
owre
men
put
them
to
flyght
,
slewe
many
,
and
tooke
many
.
The
resydewe
fledde
to
the
wooddes
,
where
they
kept
them
styll
as
in
their
moste
safe
houlde
.
Of
them
which
were
taken
,
he
sent
one
,
&
with
hym
an
other
of
the
Ilande
men
which
was
of
his
parte
to
Maiobanexius
with
commaundement
in
this
effect
.
The
Lieuetenaunt
brought
not
hether
his
army
(
O
Maiobanexius
)
to
kepe
warre
eyther
ageynst
yowe
or
yowre
people
:
The
Lieuetenaunt
his
ambassage
to
kynge
Maiobanexius
.
For
he
greately
desyreth
yowre
frendeshippe
.
But
his
entent
is
,
that
Guarionexius
who
hath
persuaded
yowe
to
bee
his
ayde
ageynste
hym
to
the
greate
destruction
of
yowre
people
and
vndoynge
of
yowre
countrey
,
may
haue
dewe
correction
aswell
for
his
disobedience
towarde
him
,
as
also
for
raysing
tumultes
amonge
the
people
.
Wherfore
,
he
requyreth
yowe
and
exorteth
yowe
,
to
delyuer
Guarionexius
into
his
handes
.
kynge
Guarionexius
.
The
which
thynge
yf
yowe
shall
performe
,
the
Admirall
his
brother
wyll
not
only
gladly
admitte
yowe
to
his
frendeshyppe
,
but
also
enlarge
&
defende
yowre
dominion
.
And
if
herein
yowe
refuse
to
accomplys●●e
his
requeste
,
it
wyll
folowe
,
that
yowe
shall
shortelye
repent
yowe
therof
.
For
yowre
kyngedome
shall
be
wasted
with
swoorde
and
fyer
,
and
yowe
shall
abyde
the
fortune
of
war●e
wherof
yowe
haue
had
experience
with
fauour
,
as
you
shall
further
know
here
after
to
yowre
payne
,
yf
with
stobernes
yowe
prouoke
hym
to
shewe
the
vttermoste
of
his
poure
.
When
the
messenger
had
thus
doone
his
errante
,
Maiobanexius
answered
,
Maiobanexius
h●s
answere
.
that
Guarionexius
was
a
good
man
,
indued
with
many
vertues
as
all
men
knewe
:
And
therfore
he
thought
hym
worthy
his
ayde
:
especially
in
as
muche
as
he
fledde
to
hym
for
succoure
,
and
that
he
had
made
him
such
promesse
,
whom
also
he
had
proued
to
bee
his
faithfull
frende
.
Natural
hatred
of
vyce
.
Ageyne
,
that
they
were
nawghty
men
,
violent
and
cruell
,
desyringe
other
mens
goodd●s
,
and
suche
as
spared
not
to
sheede
innocentes
bludde
:
In
fyne
,
that
he
wolde
not
haue
to
doo
with
suche
myscheuous
men
,
nor
yet
enter
into
frendeshippe
with
them
.
When
these
thynges
came
to
the
Lieuetenauntes
eare
,
he
commaunded
the
vylage
to
be
burnte
where
he
hym selfe
encamped
,
with
many
other
vylages
there
abowte
.
And
when
he
drewe
nere
to
the
place
where
M●iobanexius
lay
,
he
sent
messengers
to
hym
ageyne
,
to
common
the
matter
with
hym
,
and
to
wyll
hym
,
to
sende
sume
one
of
his
moste
feythful
frendes
to
entreate
with
hym
of
peace
.
Where
vppon
the
kynge
sent
vnto
hym
one
of
his
cheefe
gentelmen
,
and
with
hym
two
other
to
wayte
on
hym
.
When
he
came
to
the
Lieuetenauntes
presence
,
The
Lieuetenaunte●
gentelnes
toward
Ma●obanexius
he
frendly
requyred
hym
to
persuade
his
lord
and
master
in
his
name
,
and
ernestly
to
admonysshe
hym
,
not
to
suffer
his
floryshinge
kyngedome
to
bee
spoyled
,
or
hym selfe
to
abyde
the
hasarde
of
warre
for
Guarionexius
sake
:
And
further
to
exhorte
hym
to
delyuer
hym
,
ex●epte
he
wolde
procure
the
destruction
bothe
of
hym selfe
,
his
people
,
and
his
countrey
.
When
the
messenger
was
returned
,
Maiobanexius
assembled
the
people
,
declaring
vnto
them
what
was
doone
,
but
they
cried
owte
on
hym
to
delyuer
Guarionexius
:
And
beganne
to
curse
the
daye
that
euer
they
had
receaued
hym
,
A
rare
faythfulnes
in
a
barbarous
kynge
.
thus
to
disturbe
theyr
quietnes
.
Maiobanexius
answered
them
,
that
Guarionexius
was
a
good
man
,
and
had
well
deserued
of
him
,
giuinge
hym
many
princely
presentes
:
And
had
also
tawght
both
his
wyfe
and
hym
to
synge
and
daunce
,
whiche
thynge
he
dyd
not
lyttle
esteeme
.
And
was
therfore
fully
resolued
in
no
case
to
forsake
hym
,
or
ageynste
all
humanitie
to
betraye
his
frende
whiche
f●edde
to
hym
for
succoure
:
but
rather
to
abyde
al
extremities
with
him
,
then
to
minister
occasion
of
obloquye
to
slaunderes
to
reporte
that
he
had
betrayed
his
geste
whom
he
tooke
into
his
house
with
warranties
,
Thus
dismissinge
the
people
sighinge
and
with
sorowfull
hartes
,
he
cauled
Guarionexius
before
hym
,
promysinge
hym
ageyne
,
that
he
wolde
bee
partaker
of
his
fortune
whyle
lyfe
lasted
.
In
so
muche
that
he
thowght
it
not
beste
to
sende
any
further
woorde
to
the
Lieuetenaunt
:
but
appoynted
hym
whome
before
he
sent
to
hym
,
to
keepe
the
way
with
a
garryson
of
men
,
to
th
intent
that
if
any
messengers
shulde
be
sent
from
the
Lieuetenaunt
,
to
sleye
them
by
the
way
,
and
admitte
none
to
communication
or
further
entretie
of
peace
.
In
the
meane
tyme
,
the
Lieuetenaunt
sent
twoo
,
wherof
the
one
was
a
captiue
C●guauian
,
and
the
other
an
Ilande
man
of
them
which
were
frendes
to
owre
men
:
They
were
bothe
taken
and
slayne
.
The
Lieuetenauntes
messengers
are
slayne
.
The
Lieuetenaunt
folowed
them
onely
with
ten
footemen
and
foure
horsemen
.
Fyndinge
his
messengers
deade
in
the
waye
,
he
was
further
prouoked
to
wrathe
,
and
determyned
more
extremely
to
deale
with
Maiobanexius
.
And
therefore
wente
forwarde
incontinently
with
his
hole
army
to
his
cheefe
palaice
of
Capronum
where
he
yet
laye
in
campe
.
At
his
approche
,
all
the
kynges
fledde
,
A●
the
k●nges
are
dryuen
to
●lyght
.
euery
man
his
way
,
and
forsooke
theyr
capitayne
Maiobanexius
:
who
also
with
all
his
famelye
,
fledde
to
the
rowgh
mountaynes
.
Sum
of
the
Ciguauians
,
sowght
for
Guarionexius
to
sley
hym
,
for
that
he
was
the
cause
of
all
these
troubles
.
But
his
feete
saued
his
lyfe
.
For
he
fledde
in
tyme
to
the
mountaynes
where
he
lurked
in
maner
alone
amonge
the
desola●e
rockes
.
Whereas
nowe
the
Lieuetenauntes
souldiers
were
forweryed
with
longe
warre
,
with
watchinge
,
laboure
,
and
hunger
,
(
for
it
was
nowe
three
moonethes
sence
the
warres
beganne
)
many
desyred
leaue
to
departe
to
the
towre
of
Conception
,
where
they
had
graneges
and
exercised
tyllage
.
He
gaue
them
theyr
pa●seportes
with
alowance
of
vytayles
,
and
soo
that
only
thyrtie
remayned
with
hym
.
These
three
moonethes
warre
,
they
contynued
very
paynefull
and
myserablye
:
Soo
th●t
duryng
al
that
tyme
,
The
Spanyardes
are
peinful
in
the
warres
.
they
had
none
other
meate
but
only
Cazibi
:
that
is
,
suche
rootes
whereof
they
make
theyr
breade
,
and
that
but
syldome
to
theyr
fyll
:
Also
Vsias
,
that
is
,
lyttle
beastes
lyke
Conyes
,
if
by
chaunce
now
and
then
,
they
tooke
sume
with
theyr
houndes
.
Their
drinke
was
none
other
then
water
,
such
as
they
fownde
,
sumtyme
sweete
,
and
sumtyme
muddy
saueringe
of
the
marysshes
.
Emonge
these
delicates
,
that
lyttle
sleepe
that
they
had
,
was
euer
for
the
moste
parte
abrode
vnder
the
firmamente
:
And
that
not
without
watchemen
,
and
in
contynual
remoouinge
as
the
nature
of
warre
requyreth
.
A
desperate
aduenture
with
.xxx.
men
With
these
fewe
therfore
,
the
Lieuetenaunt
determined
to
searche
the
mountaynes
,
dennes
,
&
caues
,
if
he
coulde
in
any
place
fynde
the
steppes
of
Maiobanexius
or
Guarionexius
.
In
the
meane
tyme
certeyne
of
his
menne
(
whom
hunger
enforced
to
goo
a
huntinge
to
proue
if
they
coulde
take
any
conies
)
chaunced
vppon
twoo
of
Maiobanexius
familyers
,
whiche
were
sent
to
certeyne
vylages
of
his
,
to
make
prouision
of
breade
.
These
he
enforced
to
declare
where
theyr
lord
lay
hydde
.
And
vsed
the
same
also
for
guides
to
bringe
owre
men
to
the
place
.
Twelue
of
owre
men
tooke
this
enterpryse
in
hand
,
painting
them selues
after
the
maner
of
the
Ciguauians
.
Soo
that
by
this
stratageme
or
policie
,
A
police
,
they
came
sodenly
vppon
Maiobanexius
,
kynge
Maiobanexius
is
taken
.
and
tooke
hym
prisoner
with
his
wyfe
,
children
,
and
familie
,
and
conueighed
them
to
the
towre
of
Conception
to
the
Lieuetenaunt
.
Within
a
fewe
dayes
after
,
hunger
compelled
Guarionexius
to
coome
owte
of
the
dennes
:
whome
,
certeine
of
the
people
fearinge
the
Lieuetenaunt
,
bewrayde
to
owre
hunters
.
The
Lieuetenaunt
beinge
certified
hereof
,
sent
furthe
a
bande
of
foote
men
,
commaunding
them
to
lye
in
ambushe
vntyll
suche
tyme
as
Gu●rionexius
wente
from
the
playnes
to
the
mountaynes
,
Guarionexius
is
taken
.
and
then
soodenly
to
intrappe
hym
.
They
went
as
they
were
commaunded
,
tooke
hym
,
and
browght
hym
awaye
with
them
.
And
by
this
meanes
were
all
the
Regions
nere
abowte
,
pacified
and
quyeted
.
A
certeyne
noble
woman
of
nere
kynred
to
Maiobanexius
,
and
wyfe
to
an
other
kynge
whose
dominion
was
yet
vntouched
,
folowed
hym
in
al
these
aduersities
.
They
affirme
this
woman
to
bee
the
fayrest
and
moste
bewetifull
that
euer
nature
browght
foor●he
in
the
Ilande
.
A
Bewtifull
woman
.
Whom
,
when
the
kynge
her
husbande
who
looued
her
moste
ardently
(
as
her
bewetie
deserued
)
harde
saye
that
shee
was
taken
prisoner
he
wandered
vppe
and
downe
the
desertes
lyke
a
man
owte
of
his
wytte
,
not
knowinge
what
to
doo
or
saye
.
But
at
the
lengthe
,
he
came
to
the
Lieuetenaunte
,
promysinge
moste
faythfully
that
he
wold
submitte
hym selfe
and
all
that
he
coulde
make
,
vnder
his
poure
,
soo
that
he
wolde
restore
hym
his
wyfe
.
The
Lieuetenant
accepted
the
condition
&
restored
him
his
wife
,
with
certeyne
other
rulers
and
gentelmen
which
he
had
taken
prisoners
before
:
Charginge
them
,
and
byndinge
them
with
an
othe
,
to
bee
euer
redye
at
his
commaundement
.
Shortly
after
,
this
kynge
,
of
his
owne
free
motion
,
came
ageyne
to
the
Lieuetenaunt
,
bringyng
with
hym
fyue
thousande
men
without
weapons
,
sauynge
onely
suche
instrumentes
as
they
vse
in
tyllage
of
theyr
grownde
.
A
kynge
sendeth
the
lieuetenaunt
fyue
thousand
men
to
tyll
the
grownde
.
He
brought
with
hym
also
,
seedes
to
sowe
:
wherwith
at
his
owne
charge
,
he
caused
suche
plentie
of
theyr
corne
and
fruites
to
growe
in
sundry
places
of
the
large
vale
whereof
wee
spake
before
,
that
shortely
after
,
were
seene
manye
fayre
and
fruitefull
fieldes
that
came
therof
.
And
for
his
gentelnes
beinge
rewarded
of
the
Lieuetenaunte
with
certeyne
of
owre
thynges
,
he
departed
ioyfully
.
When
the
report
hereof
came
to
the
Ciguauians
,
The
kynges
submit
them selues
to
the
Lieuetenaunt
it
mooued
the
myndes
of
the
kynges
to
hope
of
clemencie
.
Where
vppon
they
came
togyther
to
the
Lieuetenaunt
with
humble
submission
and
faythful
promesse
euer
after
to
bee
vnder
his
obedience
:
desyring
hym
to
restore
vnto
them
theyr
kynge
,
with
his
famylie
.
At
theyr
requeste
,
the
kynges
wyfe
and
his
householde
was
sette
at
Libertie
,
but
he
kepte
styll
as
a
prisoner
.
These
thynges
dyd
the
Lieuetenaunt
in
the
Ilande
,
not
yet
knowinge
what
his
a●uersaries
and
accusers
had
layde
to
his
charge
before
the
kynge
of
Spayne
:
who
beinge
disquyeted
with
theyr
quarelinges
and
accusacions
,
and
especially
for
that
by
reason
of
theyr
discention
,
of
soo
greate
abundaunce
of
golde
and
other
thynges
,
there
was
as
yet
but
lyttle
browght
into
Spayne
,
appointed
a
newe
gouernour
which
shuld
see
a
redresse
in
these
thinges
:
A
newe
gouen●our
of
the
ilande
.
And
eyther
to
punyshe
suche
as
were
fautie
,
or
elles
to
sende
them
to
hym
.
What
was
fownde
ageynste
the
Admirall
and
his
brother
,
An
vnwoorthy
r●warde
fo●
soo
greate
paynes
.
or
ageynst
his
aduersaries
whiche
accused
hym
,
I
doo
not
wel
knowe
.
But
this
I
am
sure
of
,
that
both
the
brethrene
are
taken
,
browght
,
and
cast
in
prison
,
with
their
goodes
confiscate
.
But
as
soone
as
the
kynge
vnderstoode
that
they
were
browght
bounde
to
Cales
,
he
sent
messengers
in
poste
,
with
commaundemente
that
they
shulde
bee
loosed
and
coome
freely
to
his
presence
:
wherby
he
declared
that
he
tooke
theyr
troubles
greeuouslye
.
It
is
also
sayde
,
that
the
newe
gouernoure
sent
letters
to
the
kynge
,
wrytten
with
the
Admiralles
hande
in
straunge
and
vnknowen
sypheringes
,
to
his
brother
the
Lieuetenaunt
beinge
absente
,
wyllynge
hym
to
bee
in
a
redynes
with
a
poure
of
armed
men
to
coome
and
ayde
hym
if
the
Gouernoure
shulde
profer
hym
any
violence
.
Wherof
the
gouernour
hauinge
knowleage
(
as
he
saythe
)
beinge
also
aduertised
that
the
Leauetenaunt
was
gonne
to
his
brother
before
the
men
which
he
had
prepared
were
in
a
redines
,
apprehended
them
bothe
vnwares
,
before
the
multitude
came
togyther
.
What
wyl
folowe
,
tyme
,
the
moste
trewe
and
prudent
Iudge
,
wyll
declare
.
Thus
fare
ye
well
.
¶
The
eyghth
booke
of
the
fyrste
Decade
,
to
Cardinall
Lodouike
.
THe
greate
ryche
,
and
plentifull
Ocean
sea
,
heretofore
vnknowen
,
The
Ocean
sea
heretofore
vnknowen
.
and
nowe
fownde
by
Christophorus
Colonus
the
Admyrall
,
by
th
autoritie
and
furtherance
of
the
Catholyke
kynge
,
I
haue
presented
vnto
yowre
honoure
(
ryght
noble
Prince
)
lyke
a
golden
cheyne
vnwoork
manly
wrought
.
But
yowe
shall
nowe
receaue
a
precious
iewell
to
bee
appendaunt
therto
.
T●erfore
emonge
suche
as
were
pylottes
or
gouernoures
vnder
the
Admyrall
,
Shipmasters
vnder
the
Admiral
.
and
had
dylygently
marked
the
courses
and
differences
of
the
wyndes
,
many
had
licences
graunted
them
of
the
kynge
to
seeke
further
of
theyr
owne
charges
,
vppon
condicion
to
pay
hym
faithfully
his
portion
,
The
fifte
portion
dewe
to
the
kynge
.
which
is
the
fyrst
part
.
But
bycause
emonge
all
other
,
one
Petrus
Alphonsus
cauled
Nignus
by
his
surname
)
sayled
towarde
the
Southe
with
more
prosperous
fortune
then
any
of
the
other
,
The
na●igation
of
Petrus
A●phonsus
.
I
thinke
it
best
first
to
speake
sumwhat
of
his
vyage
.
He
therfore
,
with
only
one
shippe
,
well
furnyshed
at
his
owne
charges
,
after
that
he
had
his
passeporte
with
commaundement
in
no
case
to
caste
anker
paste
fyftie
leaques
distante
from
any
place
where
the
Admyrall
hadde
touched
,
sayled
fyrste
to
Paria
where
the
Admyrall
fownde
bothe
the
men
and
women
soo
laden
with
cheynes
,
Paria
.
garlandes
,
and
braselettes
of
pearles
,
as
wee
haue
sayde
before
.
Coastynge
therfore
alonge
by
the
same
shore
accordinge
to
the
kynges
commaundement
,
(
yet
leauinge
behynde
hym
the
Regions
of
Cumana
and
Manacapana
)
he
came
to
the
Region
which
th
inhabitantes
thereof
,
Cumana
.
Manacapana
▪
caule
Curiana
:
Curiana
.
where
he
fownd
a
hauen
(
as
he
saythe
)
muche
lyke
the
porte
of
Gades
or
Cales
.
In
to
the
which
enteringe
,
he
sawe
a
farre
of
certeyne
howses
on
the
shore
,
and
perceaued
when
he
drewe
nere
,
that
it
was
a
vylage
of
onely
eyght
howses
.
Proceadynge
yet
further
for
the
space
of
three
myles
,
he
espyed
an
other
vylage
well
replenyshed
with
people
,
where
there
met
hym
fyftie
naked
men
on
a
coompany
hauinge
with
them
a
certeyne
ruler
,
who
desyred
Alphonsus
to
coome
to
theyr
coastes
.
He
browght
with
hym
at
this
tyme
,
many
haukes
belles
,
pynnes
,
nedels
,
braselettes
,
cheynes
,
garlandes
,
and
rynges
with
counterfet
stones
and
glasses
,
and
such
other
tryfelles
,
Perles
for
tryfels
.
the
which
within
the
momente
of
an
houre
,
he
hadde
exchaunged
for
.xv.
vnces
of
theyr
pearles
which
they
wore
abowte
theyr
neckes
and
armes
.
Then
they
yet
more
ernestly
desyred
him
to
sayle
to
theyr
coastes
:
Promysynge
hym
that
he
shulde
there
haue
as
many
pearles
as
he
wolde
desyre
.
Great
plentie
of
pearles
.
He
condecended
to
their
requeste
:
And
the
daye
folowynge
,
came
to
the
place
where
they
appoynted
hym
:
Lyinge
there
at
anker
,
a
great
multytude
of
people
resorted
to
hym
,
humayne
people
.
instantely
requyringe
hym
to
coome
alande
.
But
when
he
consydered
the
innumerable
multytude
of
people
which
was
there
assembled
,
and
that
he
had
only
.xxxiii.
men
in
his
coompany
,
he
durste
not
commyt
hym selfe
to
theyr
handes
,
but
gaue
them
to
vnderstand
by
signes
and
tokens
that
they
shulde
coome
to
the
shyppe
with
theyr
canoas
.
For
theyr
boates
(
which
the
men
of
the
Iland
caule
Canoas
)
are
made
only
of
one
hole
peece
of
woodde
as
in
the
Ilandes
:
yet
more
rude
,
and
not
soo
artificially
as
theyrs
are
.
These
they
caule
Gallitas
:
They
swarmed
therefore
to
the
shyp
as
faste
as
they
myght
,
brynginge
with
them
great
plentie
of
pearles
(
which
they
caule
Tenoras
)
exchaunginge
the
same
for
owre
marchaundies
.
He
fownde
this
people
to
bee
of
gentyl
nature
,
simple
and
innocente
,
beinge
conuersant
with
them
in
theyr
houses
,
for
the
space
of
.xx.
dayes
.
Theyr
houses
are
made
of
woodde
,
coouered
with
the
leaues
of
date
trees
.
Theyr
meate
for
the
moste
parte
,
is
the
shelfysshes
in
the
whiche
pearles
are
engendred
,
Shel
fy●hes
in
which
perles
are
engend●●d
wherof
theyr
sea
coastes
are
ful
.
They
haue
also
greate
plentie
of
wylde
beastes
,
as
hartes
,
wylde
bores
,
and
coonys
lyke
vnto
hares
,
both
in
colour
and
byggenes
.
Beastes
and
foules
.
Stocke
doues
also
,
and
turtle
doues
.
Lykewyse
geese
and
duckes
which
they
nooryshe
in
theyr
houses
as
wee
doo
.
Peacockes
flye
abowte
in
maner
in
euerye
woodde
and
groue
:
but
they
are
not
distinct
with
sundry
coloures
as
ours
are
:
for
the
cockes
are
lyke
vnto
the
hennes
.
These
people
of
Curiana
,
are
craftie
hunters
and
exceding
cunning
archers
,
hunters
and
archers
.
soo
that
they
wyll
not
lyghtly
mysse
any
beast
or
byrde
that
they
shoote
at
.
Owre
men
consumed
certeyne
dayes
here
very
plesauntely
.
Durynge
which
tyme
,
who
soo
euer
brought
them
a
peacocke
,
Theyr
maner
of
bargening
had
for
the
same
,
foure
pynnes
.
He
that
brought
a
pheasaunt
,
had
twoo
:
And
for
a
stocke
doue
or
turtle
doue
,
one
:
And
for
a
goose
,
a
smaul
lookyng
glasse
or
a
lyttle
stone
of
glasse
.
Thus
they
bought
and
soulde
with
proferynge
and
byddynge
,
denyinge
and
refusinge
as
it
had
byn
in
a
greate
market
.
When
pynnes
were
profered
them
,
The
vse
of
pynnes
.
they
asked
what
they
shulde
doo
with
them
,
beinge
naked
.
But
owre
men
satisfied
them
with
a
craftie
answere
,
declaring
by
tokens
that
they
were
very
necessary
to
picke
theyr
teeth
and
to
pul
thornes
owte
of
theyr
flesshe
.
But
aboue
al
thynges
haukes
belles
were
most
esteemed
amonge
them
,
haukes
bels
in
great
estimation
.
for
theyr
sounde
&
faire
coloure
:
And
wolde
therfore
gyue
much
for
one
of
them
.
Owre
men
lodginge
in
theyr
houses
,
harde
in
the
nyght
season
horryble
noyses
and
rorynges
of
wylde
beastes
in
the
wooddes
which
are
full
of
exceadinge
greate
and
hygh
trees
of
sundry
kyndes
.
Roringe
of
Wyld
beastes
But
the
beastes
of
these
wooddes
,
are
not
noysome
to
men
.
For
the
people
of
the
countrey
goo
dayly
a
hunting
,
naked
,
with
theyr
bowes
and
arrowes
:
Yet
hath
it
not
byn
harde
of
,
that
any
man
hath
byn
slayne
of
any
wylde
beaste
.
As
many
hartes
or
wylde
bores
as
owre
men
woolde
desyre
them
to
brynge
,
hartes
and
wyl●
bores
.
they
woolde
kyll
in
the
wooddes
with
their
bowes
and
arrowes
,
and
not
fayle
to
brynge
theim
.
They
lacke
kyne
,
goates
,
&
sheepe
.
Theyr
breade
is
made
of
rootes
,
as
is
theyrs
of
the
Ilandes
.
This
nation
,
hath
blacke
heare
,
grosse
and
sumwhat
curlde
,
yet
longe
also
.
They
keepe
theyr
teeth
very
whyte
:
Blacke
and
curlde
heare
.
White
teethe
.
And
for
that
purpose
vse
to
cary
a
certeine
herbe
betwene
theyr
lyppes
for
the
most
parte
of
the
day
,
and
to
wasshe
theyr
mouthes
when
they
cast
it
away
.
The
women
doo
all
theyr
busynes
at
home
in
theyr
howses
,
and
haue
also
the
cure
of
tyllage
of
the
grounde
.
But
the
men
apply
them selues
to
the
warres
and
huntynge
,
to
playe
,
Earthen
Uessels
.
singynge
and
daunsing
.
They
haue
sundry
kyndes
of
water
pottes
,
iugges
,
and
drinckinge
cuppes
made
of
earthe
in
other
places
abowt
theym
and
brought
thether
for
exch●unge
of
other
thynges
:
For
they
vse
fayres
and
markettes
for
the
same
purpose
:
and
are
gretly
desyrous
of
such
thynges
,
as
are
not
brough●
forth
or
made
in
theyr
countrey
,
as
nature
hath
gyuen
a
disposition
to
al
men
to
desyre
and
bee
delyted
with
newe
and
strange
thynges
.
Many
of
them
,
had
hangynge
at
theyr
pearles
,
Conninge
a●t●ficers
.
the
Images
of
certeine
beastes
and
birdes
very
artificiously
made
of
golde
,
but
not
pure
.
These
also
are
brought
them
from
other
places
for
exchange
of
other
thynges
.
The
golde
wherof
they
are
made
,
Base
golde
.
is
natiue
,
and
of
much
lyke
finenes
to
that
wherof
the
florenes
are
coyned
.
The
men
of
this
countrey
,
in
close
theyr
priuie
members
in
a
gourde
,
cutte
after
the
fashion
of
a
coddepiece
:
or
els
,
coouer
the
same
with
the
shelle
of
a
tortoyse
,
A
strange
m●ner
of
coueringe
theyr
pr●uities
.
tyed
abowte
theyr
loynes
with
laces
of
gossampine
cotton
.
In
other
places
of
that
tract
,
they
thrust
the
synew
with
in
the
sheethe
therof
,
and
bynde
the
skinne
fast
with
a
stringe
.
The
greate
wylde
beastes
wherof
wee
spake
before
,
and
many
other
thynges
whiche
are
not
founde
in
any
of
the
Ilandes
,
testifie
that
this
region
is
part
of
the
continent
or
firme
land
.
Tokens
of
the
continent
or
firme
lande
.
But
the
chiefest
coniecture
wherby
they
argue
the
same
,
is
,
that
by
the
coastes
of
that
lande
,
from
Paria
towarde
the
weste
,
they
sayled
aboute
three
thousande
myles
,
fyndynge
no
signe
or
token
of
any
ende
.
These
people
of
Curiana
(
whiche
sum
caule
Curtana
)
beinge
demaunded
where
they
hadde
suche
plentie
of
golde
,
signified
that
it
was
brought
them
from
a
Region
cauled
Canchieta
or
Cauchieta
,
The
g●●den
Region
of
Cauchieta
.
being
distant
from
them
syxe
soonnes
,
that
is
,
syxe
dayes
iourney
westwarde
:
And
that
theyr
Images
of
goulde
,
were
m●de
in
the
same
Region
.
Where
vppon
owre
men
directed
theyr
vyage
thyther
immediatly
:
and
arryued
there
at
the
calendes
of
Nouember
,
in
●he
yeare
of
Christ
a
thousande
and
fyue
hundreth
.
The
people
of
the
countrey
resorted
to
them
withoute
feare
,
bryngynge
with
them
of
the
golde
which
we
sayde
to
bee
natyue
in
that
Region
.
This
people
had
also
collers
of
pearles
abowte
theyr
neckes
,
whiche
were
brought
them
frome
Curiana
for
exchange
of
theyr
marchandies
.
None
of
them
wolde
exchaunge
any
of
those
thinges
which
they
had
owte
of
other
countreys
:
as
nother
the
Curians
golde
,
nor
the
Canchietans
pearles
.
Yet
amonge
the
Canchietans
,
they
fownde
but
little
gold
redy
gathered
.
They
toke
with
them
from
thense
,
certen
very
fayre
marmasets
or
munkeys
,
&
many
popingayes
of
sundry
coloures
.
In
the
monethe
of
Nouember
,
Temperate
ayer
●n
Nouember
.
the
ayer
was
there
most
temperate
,
&
nothyng
coulde
.
The
gardens
of
the
north
pole
,
were
owte
of
syght
to
bothe
these
people
,
they
are
soo
nere
to
the
Equinoctiall
.
The
Equinoctial
lyne
.
Of
the
degrees
of
the
pole
,
they
can
gyue
none
other
accoumpte
.
These
people
,
humane
people
.
are
wel
disposed
men
,
of
honest
condicions
,
and
nothinge
suspicious
.
For
all
most
all
the
nyght
longe
,
they
resorted
to
the
shippe
with
theyr
boates
,
and
went
aboorde
ship
withowte
feare
,
as
dyd
the
Curians
.
They
caule
pearles
,
Corixas
.
They
are
sumwhat
ielyous
.
For
,
when
any
straungers
coome
emonge
them
,
they
euer
place
theyr
women
behynd
them
.
In
this
Region
of
Canchieta
,
the
gossampine
trees
growe
of
them selues
commonly
in
many
places
,
Gossampine
trees
.
as
doo
with
vs
elmes
,
wyllowes
,
and
salowes
.
And
therfore
they
vse
to
make
breeches
of
cotton
,
Chorlyshe
people
wherwith
they
coouer
theyr
pryuie
partes
in
many
other
Regions
there
aboute
.
When
they
had
yet
sayled
on
forwarde
by
the
same
coastes
,
there
came
foorth
ageynste
them
abowte
twoo
thousande
men
,
armed
after
theyr
maner
,
forbydding
them
to
coome
aland
.
These
people
were
soo
rude
and
saluage
,
that
owre
men
coulde
by
no
meanes
allure
them
to
familiaritie
.
Owre
men
therfore
,
contented
only
with
their
pearles
,
returned
backe
the
same
way
they
came
:
where
they
remayned
with
the
Curians
continually
for
the
space
of
twentie
dayes
,
Alphonsus
returneth
to
Paria
.
and
fylled
theyr
bellyes
wel
with
good
meate
.
And
here
it
seemeth
to
me
,
not
farre
from
my
purpose
,
to
declare
what
chaunced
vnto
theim
in
theyr
returne
,
when
they
came
nowe
within
the
syght
of
the
coaste
of
Paria
.
Can●bales
in
the
goulfes
of
Paria
.
They
happened
therefore
in
the
way
,
at
Os
Draconis
and
the
goulfes
of
Paria
,
(
wherof
wee
spake
before
)
to
meete
with
a
nauie
of
.xviii.
Canoas
of
Canibales
which
went
a
rouyng
to
hunt
for
men
.
Who
soone
as
they
had
espyed
owr
men
,
assailed
theyr
shippe
fiercely
and
without
feare
enclosed
the
same
,
disturbing
owre
men
on
euery
syde
with
theyr
arrowes
.
But
owre
men
so
feared
them
with
theyr
gunnes
,
that
they
fledde
immediatly
,
whom
owre
menne
folowinge
with
the
shippe
boate
,
tooke
one
of
theyr
Canoas
,
and
in
it
,
only
one
Canibal
(
for
the
other
had
escaped
)
and
with
hym
,
an
other
man
bownde
:
Who
,
with
teares
runninge
downe
his
cheekes
,
and
with
giesture
of
his
handes
,
eyes
,
and
heade
,
signified
that
syxe
of
his
coompanyons
had
byn
cruelly
cutte
in
pieces
and
eaten
of
that
myscheuous
nation
:
and
that
he
shulde
haue
byn
lykewyse
handeled
the
day
folowynge
.
Wherfore
they
gaue
hym
poure
ouer
the
Canyball
,
to
doo
with
hym
what
he
wolde
.
Death
for
death
.
Then
with
the
Canibales
owne
clubbe
,
he
layde
on
hym
al
that
he
might
dryue
with
hande
and
foote
,
grinninge
and
fretinge
as
it
had
byn
a
wylde
bore
:
Thinkynge
that
he
had
not
yet
sufficiently
reuenged
the
death
of
his
companyons
,
when
he
had
beaten
owte
his
braynes
and
guttes
.
When
he
was
demaunded
after
what
sorte
the
Canibales
were
woont
to
inuade
other
contreys
,
howe
the
canibales
fortifie
their
campe
he
answered
that
they
euer
vsed
to
carye
with
them
in
theyr
Canoas
,
a
greate
multitude
of
clubbes
:
The
whiche
,
where
soo
euer
they
lande
,
they
pitche
in
the
grownde
,
and
encampe
them selues
within
the
coompasse
of
the
same
,
to
lye
the
more
safely
in
the
nyght
season
.
In
Curiana
,
they
fownde
the
head
of
a
capitaine
of
the
Canibales
,
nailed
ouer
the
doore
of
a
certeyne
gouernoure
,
for
a
token
of
victorie
,
as
it
hadde
byn
the
standerde
or
helmette
taken
from
the
enemye
in
battayle
.
In
these
coastes
of
Paria
,
is
a
Region
cauled
Haraia
,
Haraia
.
in
the
whiche
,
greate
plentie
of
salte
is
gathered
after
a
strange
sorte
.
For
the
sea
beinge
there
tossed
with
the
poure
of
the
wyndes
,
dryueth
the
salte
waters
into
a
large
playne
by
the
sea
syde
:
Salte
engendred
of
the
water
of
the
sea
.
where
:
afterward
when
the
sea
waxeth
c●ulme
,
and
the
soonne
begynnethe
to
shyne
,
the
water
is
congeled
into
moste
pure
and
whyte
salte
,
wherewith
innumerable
shyppes
might
bee
laden
,
if
men
doo
resorte
thether
for
the
same
beefore
there
faule
any
rayne
.
For
the
rayne
meltethe
it
,
and
causeth
it
to
synke
into
the
sande
,
and
soo
by
the
pores
of
the
earthe
,
to
returne
to
the
place
from
whense
it
was
dryuen
.
Other
say
,
that
the
playne
is
not
fylled
from
the
sea
,
but
of
certeine
springes
whose
water
is
more
sharpe
and
salt
than
the
Sprynges
of
of
salt
water
.
water
of
the
sea
.
Thinhabitantes
doo
greatlye
esteeme
this
bay
of
salte
.
Which
they
vse
,
not
only
for
theyr
owne
commoditie
,
but
also
woorkinge
the
same
into
a
square
forme
lyke
vnto
brickes
,
they
sell
it
to
strangers
for
exchaunge
of
other
thynges
whiche
they
lacke
.
In
this
Region
,
they
stretche
and
drye
the
deade
bodies
of
theyr
kinges
and
noble
men
,
The
bodies
of
princes
dryed
&
reserued
layinge
the
same
vpon
a
certeyne
frame
of
woodde
much
lyke
vnto
a
hurdle
or
grediren
,
with
a
gentell
fyre
vnder
the
same
,
thus
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
consuminge
the
flesshe
and
keepinge
the
skynne
hole
with
the
bones
inclosed
therein
.
These
dryed
carcases
,
they
haue
in
greate
reuerence
,
and
honour
them
for
theyr
householde
and
famylier
goddes
.
They
say
that
in
this
place
they
sawe
a
man
,
and
in
an
other
place
a
woman
,
thus
dryed
and
reserued
.
When
they
departed
from
Curiana
,
the
.viii
day
of
the
Ides
of
February
to
returne
to
Spayne
,
they
had
three
score
and
.xvi.
poundes
weight
(
after
.viii.
vnces
to
the
pownde
)
of
perles
,
which
they
bought
for
exchange
of
owre
thynges
,
amountinge
to
the
value
of
fyue
shyllinges
.
Threescore
&
xvi
.
poundes
weight
of
perles
for
.v.
shillynges
.
Departinge
therfore
,
they
consumed
three
score
dayes
in
theyr
iourney
(
althowgh
it
were
shorter
then
frome
Hispaniola
)
by
reason
of
the
contynuall
course
of
the
sea
into
the
weste
,
The
course
of
the
sea
toward
the
weste
.
whiche
dyd
not
only
greately
stey
the
shippe
,
but
also
sumtymes
dryue
it
backe
.
But
at
the
length
they
came
home
soo
laden
with
perles
,
that
they
were
with
euery
maryner
,
in
maner
as
common
as
chaffe
.
But
the
master
of
the
shyppe
,
Petrus
Alphonsus
,
perles
as
common
as
chaffe
●etrus
Alphonsus
in
prison
.
beinge
accused
of
his
coompanyons
that
he
had
stowlen
a
great
multitude
of
precious
perles
,
and
defrauded
the
kynge
of
his
portion
which
was
the
fyueth
parte
,
was
taken
of
Fernando
de
Vega
,
a
man
of
greate
lerninge
and
experience
and
gouernour
o●
Gallecia
,
where
they
arryued
,
and
was
there
kepte
in
pryson
a
longe
tyme
.
But
he
styll
denyethe
that
euer
he
deteyned
anye
parte
of
the
perles
.
Many
of
these
perles
were
as
bygge
as
hasell
nuttes
,
Orient
perles
as
bygge
as
hasel
nuttes
.
and
oriente
,
(
as
we
caule
it
)
that
is
,
lyke
vnto
them
of
the
Easte
partes
.
Yet
not
of
soo
greate
price
,
by
reason
that
the
holes
therof
are
not
soo
perfecte
.
When
I
my selfe
was
presente
with
the
ryght
honorable
duke
of
Methyna
,
and
was
bidden
to
dyner
with
hym
,
in
the
citie
of
Ciuile
,
they
browght
to
hym
aboue
a
hundre●h
and
twentie
vnces
of
perles
to
be
soul●e
:
which
surely
did
greatly
delyte
me
with
their
fayrenes
and
brightnes
.
Sum
saye
,
that
Alphonsus
hadde
not
these
perles
in
Curiana
being
distante
from
Os
Draconis
more
than
a
hundreth
and
twentie
leaques
,
Curiana
Os
Draconis
.
but
that
he
had
them
in
the
Regions
of
Cumana
and
Manacapana
,
Cumana
.
Manacapana
.
nere
vnto
Os
Draconis
and
the
Ilande
of
Margarita
.
The
Iland
of
Margarita
.
For
they
deny
that
there
is
any
perles
fownde
in
Curiana
.
But
sithe
the
matter
is
yet
in
controuersie
,
we
wyll
passe
to
other
matters
.
Thus
muche
yowe
haue
whereby
yowe
maye
coniecture
what
commoditie
in
tyme
to
coome
may
bee
looked
for
from
these
newe
landes
of
the
west
Ocean
,
wheras
at
the
fyrste
discoueringe
,
they
shewe
such
tokens
of
greate
ryches
.
Thus
fare
ye
well
.
¶
The
.ix.
booke
of
the
fyrst
Decade
to
Cardynall
Lodouike
.
VIncentiagnes
Pinzonus
,
and
also
Aries
Pinzonus
,
The
nauigation
of
vincentius
and
Aries
Pinzonus
.
his
neuie
,
by
his
brothers
syde
,
which
accompanyed
the
Admiral
Colonus
in
his
fyrste
vyage
,
and
were
by
him
appoynted
to
bee
masters
of
twoo
of
the
smaule
shippes
which
the
Spaniardes
caule
Carauelas
,
beinge
mooued
by
the
greate
ryches
and
amplytude
of
the
new
landes
,
furnyshed
of
theyr
owne
charges
,
foure
carauels
in
the
hauen
of
theyr
owne
countrey
which
the
Spanyardes
caule
Palos
,
bortheringe
on
the
weste
Ocean
.
Hauynge
therfore
the
kynges
licence
and
passeporte
to
departe
,
Licence
and
passeporte
.
they
loosed
from
the
hauen
,
abowte
the
Calendes
of
December
,
in
the
yeare
1499.
This
hauen
of
Palos
is
three
score
and
twelue
myles
distant
from
Gades
,
commonly
cauled
Cales
:
and
three
score
and
foure
myles
from
Ciuile
.
Cales
.
Ciuile
.
All
th
inhabitantes
of
this
towne
,
not
one
excepted
,
are
greately
gyuen
to
searchinge
of
the
sea
,
and
continually
exercysed
in
sayling
.
They
also
directed
their
vyage
fyrst
to
the
Ilandes
of
Canarie
by
the
Ilandes
of
Hesperides
,
The
Ilandes
of
Canarie
nowe
cauled
Cabouerde
,
Cabouerde
.
which
sum
caule
Gorgodes
Meducias
.
Saylinge
therfore
directly
towarde
the
southe
frome
that
Iland
of
the
Hesperides
which
the
Portugales
(
being
possessers
of
the
same
)
caule
Sancti
Iacobi
,
and
departinge
frome
thense
at
the
Ides
of
Ianuary
,
they
folowed
the
southwest
wynde
,
s.
Iames
Ilande
.
beinge
in
the
myddest
betwene
the
south
and
the
weste
.
When
they
supposed
that
they
had
sayled
aboute
three
hundrethe
leaques
by
the
same
wynde
,
they
say
that
they
loste
the
syght
of
the
Northe
starre
:
The
North
pole
owte
of
syght
.
and
were
shortelye
after
,
tossed
with
excedinge
tempestes
bothe
of
wynde
and
sea
,
and
vexed
with
intollerable
heate
.
Yet
sayled
they
on
further
(
not
without
greate
daunger
)
for
the
space
of
twoo
hundrethe
and
fortie
leaques
,
folowing
yet
the
same
wynde
by
the
lost
pole
.
Wherfore
,
whether
habitable
Regions
bee
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
or
not
,
habitable
Regions
vnder
the
Equinoctial
lyne
.
let
these
men
and
the
owlde
wryters
,
aswel
Philosophers
as
poetes
and
cosmographers
discusse
.
For
these
men
,
affirme
it
to
bee
habitable
,
and
maruelou●ly
replenished
with
people
:
and
they
,
that
it
is
vnhabitable
by
reason
of
the
soone
beames
dependinge
perpendicularly
or
directlye
ouer
the
same
.
Yet
were
there
many
of
the
oulde
wryters
,
whiche
attempted
to
proue
it
habitable
.
These
maryners
beinge
demaunded
,
if
they
sawe
the
south
pole
,
they
answered
that
they
knewe
no
starre
there
lyke
vnto
this
pole
,
that
myght
be
decerned
aboute
the
poynte
.
But
that
they
sawe
an
other
order
of
starres
,
and
a
certeyne
thicke
myst
rysynge
from
the
horizontall
lyne
,
An other
order
of
starres
A
thycke
mist
which
greatly
hyndered
theyr
syght
.
They
contende
also
,
that
there
is
a
great
heape
or
rysynge
in
the
myddest
of
the
earth
,
A
rysinge
in
the
myddest
of
the
earth
.
which
taketh
away
the
syght
of
the
southe
pole
,
vntyll
they
haue
vtterly
passed
ouer
the
same
.
But
they
verely
beleue
that
they
sawe
other
images
of
starres
,
muche
differinge
from
the
situation
of
the
starres
of
owre
hemispherie
or
halfe
circle
of
heauen
.
Howe
soo
euer
the
matter
bee
,
as
they
informe
vs
,
wee
certifie
yowe
.
At
the
lengthe
,
the
seuenth
day
of
the
calendes
of
Februarye
,
they
espied
lande
a
farre
of
.
And
seinge
the
water
of
the
sea
to
bee
troubelous
,
soundinge
with
theyr
plummet
,
they
founde
it
to
bee
.xvi.
fathames
deepe
.
Goinge
a
lande
,
and
tarienge
there
for
the
space
of
twoo
dayes
,
they
departed
bycause
they
saw
no
people
steringe
,
althowghe
they
fownde
certeyne
steppes
of
men
by
the
sea
syde
.
Thus
grauinge
on
the
trees
and
the
stones
nere
vnto
the
shore
,
the
kynges
name
and
theyrs
,
and
the
tyme
of
theyr
comming
thether
,
they
departed
.
Not
farre
from
this
station
,
folowynge
the
fyers
on
the
lande
by
nyght
,
they
founde
a
nation
lyinge
vnder
the
open
firmamente
after
the
maner
of
warre
.
Owre
men
thought
it
not
beste
to
trowble
them
vntyll
the
morninge
.
Therefore
,
at
the
rysinge
of
the
soonne
,
fortie
of
owre
men
well
armed
,
wente
toward
them
:
ageynst
whom
came
furth
.xxxii.
of
them
,
with
bowes
,
slinges
and
dartes
,
euen
redy
to
the
feyght
.
The
other
coompanye
folowed
them
,
armed
after
the
same
maner
.
Owr
men
affirme
that
they
were
of
hygher
stature
then
eyther
the
Almaynes
or
Pannonians
.
People
of
hygh
stature
.
They
behelde
owre
men
with
frownynge
and
threatenynge
countenaunce
.
But
owre
men
thought
it
not
good
to
faule
to
bickeringe
with
them
,
vncerteyne
whether
it
were
for
feare
,
or
bycause
they
wolde
not
dryue
them
to
flight
.
Wherfore
they
went
aboute
to
allure
them
by
faire
meanes
&
rewardes
.
But
they
refused
all
kynde
of
gentelnes
,
&
stoode
euer
in
a
redines
to
feight
,
declaringe
the
same
by
signes
and
tokens
.
Thus
owr
men
resorted
to
theyr
shippes
,
and
they
to
the
place
from
whence
they
came
,
without
any
further
busynes
.
The
same
nyght
abowte
mydnyght
,
they
fledde
,
and
left
the
place
voyde
where
they
lay
in
campe
.
Owre
men
suppose
them
to
bee
a
vagabunde
and
wanderinge
nacion
lyke
vnto
the
Scythians
,
A
vagabunde
kynde
of
men
withowte
houses
or
certeyne
dwellinge
places
,
lyuinge
onely
with
the
fruites
of
the
earth
,
hauing
theyr
wyues
and
chyldren
folowinge
them
.
Such
as
measured
their
footesteppes
in
the
sande
,
affirme
with
greate
othes
,
that
one
of
theyr
feete
is
almost
as
longe
as
twoo
feete
of
owre
men
of
the
meane
sorte
.
Saylinge
on
yet
further
,
Giantes
.
they
founde
an
other
ryuer
,
but
not
of
deapth
sufficient
to
beare
the
carauels
.
They
sent
therfore
the
foure
shippe
boates
to
lande
,
ful
of
armed
men
to
search
the
countrey
.
They
espyed
vppon
a
hyghe
hyll
nere
vnto
the
sea
syde
,
a
greate
multitude
of
people
,
to
whom
owre
coompany
sent
furthe
one
man
with
certeyne
of
owre
thynges
to
allure
them
to
exchaunge
.
And
when
he
had
cast
a
haukes
bell
towarde
them
,
they
cast
downe
a
wedge
of
golde
a
cubette
longe
.
The
which
as
he
stouped
to
take
vppe
,
they
soodenly
inclosed
hym
,
and
caryed
hym
awaye
.
But
he
was
shortly
after
rescued
by
his
coompanyons
,
to
sum
of
their
paynes
:
for
they
slewe
eyght
of
owre
men
,
and
wounded
many
a
farre
of
,
with
theyr
arrowes
,
and
dartes
made
of
wood
hardened
at
the
endes
with
fyre
.
After
this
,
they
encoompased
owre
shippe
boates
within
the
ryuer
,
and
came
rasshelye
within
the
reache
of
owre
men
,
Desperate
bouldenes
.
layinge
houlde
on
the
boates
sydes
,
where
they
were
thrust
throwgh
and
hewen
in
peeces
as
it
had
byn
sheepe
,
by
reason
they
were
naked
.
Yet
wolde
they
not
for
al
this
,
gyue
ouer
:
but
tooke
from
owre
men
one
of
their
boates
,
hauing
noo
men
in
it
.
For
the
gouernour
therof
being
slayne
with
an
arrowe
,
the
other
fledde
and
escaped
.
And
thus
they
lefte
this
fierce
and
warlyke
people
,
saylinge
towarde
the
northweste
alonge
by
the
same
coastes
,
with
sorowfull
hartes
for
the
death
of
theyr
coompanyons
.
When
they
had
sayled
abowte
.xl.
leaques
,
they
chaunced
into
a
sea
of
suche
fresshe
water
,
A
sea
of
fresshe
water
.
that
they
fylled
theyr
barelles
and
hogges
heades
therwith
.
Searching
the
cause
hereof
,
they
vnderstoode
that
a
vehement
course
of
ryuers
discended
with
great
violence
from
the
toppes
of
certeyne
greate
hylles
.
They
say
also
that
there
lyeth
within
the
sea
,
many
fortunate
and
fruitfull
Ilandes
,
Many
fruitefull
Ilandes
.
and
well
inhabyted
:
And
that
th
inhabitantes
of
this
tracte
are
men
of
meeke
nature
and
suche
as
doo
not
refuse
strangers
:
humane
people
.
Yet
lyttle
profytable
to
them
,
bycause
they
had
noo
marchandyes
for
their
purpose
,
as
golde
or
precyous
stones
.
For
lacke
wherof
,
they
brough●
frome
thense
thyrtie
captiues
to
sell
for
slaues
.
Thinhabitantes
caule
this
Region
Mariatambal
.
Mariatamball
.
The
Region
of
the
easte
parte
of
that
ryuer
,
is
cauled
Camomorus
:
Camomorus
.
And
that
of
the
weste
parte
,
Paricora
:
Paricora
.
in
the
midlande
wherof
,
th
inhabitantes
signified
that
there
is
greate
plentie
of
golde
.
For
,
folowynge
this
ryuer
directly
toward
the
Northe
(
as
the
bendynge
of
the
shore
requyred
)
they
recouered
ageyne
the
syght
of
the
north
pole
.
All
the
coaste
of
this
tracte
,
perteyneth
to
Paria
,
Regions
of
Paria
.
the
which
(
as
we
sayd
before
)
was
fyrst
founde
by
Colonus
hym selfe
,
Golde
and
perles
.
and
hath
in
maner
in
euery
place
,
greate
abundaunce
of
pearles
.
They
saye
that
these
coastes
are
adioynynge
vnto
,
and
all
one
with
Os
Draconis
,
Os
Draconis
.
and
also
bortherynge
vppon
the
Regions
of
Cumana
,
Cumana
.
Manacapana
,
Manacapana
.
Curiana
,
Curiana
Cauchieta
,
and
Cuchibachoa
.
Wherfore
they
thought
it
to
bee
parte
of
the
firme
lande
of
India
beyonge
the
ryuer
of
Ganges
.
For
the
greate
and
large
coompa●se
therof
,
dothe
not
permit
that
it
shulde
bee
an
Ilande
.
Albeit
,
the
hole
earth
vncouered
with
water
,
largely
taken
,
may
bee
cauled
an
Ilande
.
The
hole
earth
largely
tak●●
▪
maye
bee
cauled
an
Ilande
.
From
the
poynte
of
that
land
where
they
lost
the
sight
of
the
north
pole
,
saylynge
by
a
continuall
tracke
abowte
three
hundreth
leaques
towarde
the
weste
syde
of
Paria
,
they
say
that
almoste
in
the
mydde
way
,
they
chaunced
into
a
ryuer
cauled
Maragnonum
,
Maragnonus
a
ryuer
of
excead●nge
bread●h
and
full
of
Ilands
looke
decade
●i
.
liber
.
ix
.
which
they
affirme
to
bee
of
such
excedinge
breadth
,
that
it
myght
seeme
incredible
,
if
the
antiquitie
dyd
not
make
mention
of
the
lyke
.
Beinge
demaunded
of
me
if
it
were
not
salte
water
where
it
diuided
the
lande
,
they
answered
,
that
the
water
therof
was
very
fresshe
and
sweete
:
And
that
the
further
it
ranne
,
to
bee
soo
muche
the
fressher
:
Also
full
of
Ilandes
&
homsome
fyshe
.
They
bare
auouche
the
breadth
therof
,
to
bee
more
then
thirtie
lea●ues
.
Yet
if
wee
well
weighe
and
consyder
the
largenes
and
wydenes
of
Boriostomea
and
Spiriosiomea
,
the
mouthes
of
the
famous
ryuer
of
Ister
(
nowe
cauled
Danubius
)
&
howe
farre
they
violate
or
corrupte
the
salte
water
with
their
freshenes
,
Boriostomea
,
and
Spirios●omea
▪
mouthes
of
the
ryuer
of
Danubius
,
wee
shall
cease
to
marueile
,
althowgh
this
other
ryuer
bee
greater
.
For
,
who
can
diminysshe
the
poure
of
nature
,
but
that
it
may
make
this
bigger
then
the
other
,
and
an
other
bygger
then
this
.
And
I
suppose
this
to
bee
the
ryuer
wherof
Colonus
the
Admirall
made
mention
in
the
discription
of
his
vyage
in
these
coastes
.
But
wee
shall
hereafter
haue
further
knowleage
hereof
.
Let
vs
nowe
therfore
returne
to
the
commodities
of
these
Regions
.
They
fownde
in
many
Ilandes
abowte
Paria
,
The
commodities
of
the
Regions
and
Ilandes
about
Paria
.
Brasile
.
great
wooddes
of
brasile
trees
:
And
brought
awaye
with
them
,
three
thousande
poundes
weight
thereof
.
They
say
that
the
brasile
of
Hispaniola
,
is
muche
better
then
this
,
to
dye
clothe
with
a
more
fayre
and
durable
colour
.
From
hense
,
folowynge
the
wynde
(
whiche
the
Spanyardes
caule
Norduest
,
and
the
Italians
Graeco
)
they
passed
by
many
Ilandes
very
fruitefull
,
yet
lefte
desolate
and
wasted
by
reason
of
the
crueltie
of
the
Canibales
.
Mani
fruitful
Ilandes
lefte
desolate
.
For
they
went
alande
in
many
places
,
and
fownde
the
ruines
of
many
destroyed
howses
.
Yet
in
sum
places
,
they
founde
men
,
but
those
exceadinge
fearefull
,
flyinge
to
the
mountaynes
,
rockes
,
and
wooddes
at
the
sight
of
euery
straunger
or
shippe
,
and
wanderinge
without
houses
or
certeyne
abydinge
places
,
for
feare
of
the
Caniballes
layinge
wayte
and
huntinge
after
them
.
Canibales
.
Here
they
founde
those
great
trees
which
of
them selues
in
dyuers
places
bringe
furth
the
fruite
or
spice
whiche
the
Apothecaries
caule
Cassia
f●stula
:
Trees
of
Cassia
fistula
.
And
that
of
noo
lesse
goodnes
then
that
which
the
phisitians
minister
to
such
as
bee
diseased
with
the
ague
.
Bu●
it
was
not
ripe
at
theyr
beinge
there
.
They
affirme
that
there
are
trees
of
suche
byggenes
,
Trees
of
maruelous
byggenes
.
that
.xvi.
men
ioyninge
handes
togyther
and
standinge
in
coompasse
,
can
scarsely
embrase
sum
of
them
.
Emonge
these
trees
is
fownde
that
monstrous
beaste
with
a
snowte
lyke
a
foxe
,
a
tayle
lyke
a
marmasette
,
A
monstrou●
be●ste
.
eares
lyke
a
batte
,
handes
lyke
a
man
,
and
feete
lyke
an
ape
,
bearing
her
whelpes
abowte
with
her
in
an
owtwarde
bellye
muche
lyke
vnto
a
greate
bagge
or
purse
.
The
deade
carkas
of
this
beast
,
you
sawe
with
me
,
and
turned
it
ouer
and
ouer
with
yowre
owne
handes
,
marueylynge
at
that
newe
belly
and
wonderfull
prouision
of
nature
.
They
say
it
is
knowen
by
experience
,
that
shee
neuer
letteth
her
whelpes
goo
owte
of
that
purse
,
exexcept
it
bee
eyther
to
play
,
or
to
sucke
,
vntyl
suche
tyme
that
they
bee
able
to
gette
theyr
lyuing
by
them selues
.
They
tooke
this
beaste
with
her
whelpes
:
But
the
whelpes
dyed
shortely
after
in
the
shyppes
.
Yet
the
damme
liued
certeyne
moonethes
:
But
at
the
length
,
not
beinge
able
to
abyde
soo
greate
alteration
of
ayer
,
and
chaunge
of
meate
,
Alteracion
of
ayer
&
change
of
meate
shee
dyed
also
in
the
way
.
But
of
this
beaste
,
wee
haue
sayde
enowgh
.
Let
vs
now
therfore
returne
to
the
autoures
of
these
thynges
.
These
twoo
Pinzoni
,
the
vncle
and
the
neuie
,
susteyned
manye
great
trowbles
and
horrible
tempestes
and
perilles
in
this
nauigation
.
For
when
they
had
nowe
sayled
by
the
coastes
of
Paria
abowte
.vi.
hundreth
leaques
,
and
(
as
they
supposed
)
beyonde
the
citie
of
Cathay
and
the
coastes
of
Easte
India
beyonde
the
ryuer
of
Ganges
,
Cathay
in
India
beyonde
the
ryuer
of
Ganges
there
rose
soodenly
soo
fierce
a
tempeste
in
the
mooneth
of
Iuly
,
that
,
of
the
foure
carauels
which
they
had
with
them
,
twoo
were
drowned
euen
beefore
theyr
eyes
:
A
shipwracke
by
tempest
.
and
the
thyrde
lyenge
at
anker
,
with
lyke
soodennes
caryed
owte
of
theyr
syght
throwgh
the
violence
of
the
tempeste
:
The
fourth
also
lyinge
at
anker
,
was
soo
shaken
and
broosed
,
that
al
the
seames
therof
were
almost
loosed
.
Yet
came
they
to
lande
owt
of
this
laste
shyppe
,
but
vtterlye
despayrynge
of
the
shyppe
.
Wherfore
consultynge
with
them selues
what
was
best
to
bee
doone
in
soo
extreeme
a
case
,
and
how
to
prouide
them
a
safe
dwellinge
place
in
those
Regions
beinge
owt
of
al
hope
how
to
departe
from
thense
,
Extreme
remedie
in
a
desperat
case
they
determined
to
sley
all
the
inhabitantes
of
the
contrey
nere
abowte
them
,
leaste
they
with
the
other
shulde
conspire
togyther
to
kyl
them
,
but
theyr
fortune
was
better
.
For
the
carauell
which
the
tempeste
had
caryed
a
way
,
was
coome
to
them
ageyne
.
This
had
in
it
.xviii.
men
:
And
the
other
that
remayned
,
was
saued
and
repayred
.
With
these
two
therfore
,
they
tooke
theyr
vyage
directly
to
Spaine
And
thus
beinge
tossed
with
tempestes
and
vexed
with
aduersities
,
they
returned
to
theyr
natiue
contrey
of
Palos
,
to
theyr
wyues
and
children
,
the
day
before
the
Calendes
of
October
,
with
the
losse
of
many
of
theyr
dere
frendes
and
neighbours
.
they
browght
with
them
Cinamome
and
gynger
:
Cinamome
and
gynger
but
not
very
good
,
bycause
they
were
not
there
fully
seasoned
with
the
heate
of
the
soone
before
they
brought
them
from
thense
.
They
browght
also
,
certeyne
precious
stones
,
whiche
Baptista
Elysius
.
that
excellent
philosopher
and
yowre
lordeshippes
phisitian
,
affirmeth
to
bee
trewe
Topases
.
Topases
.
After
these
mens
returne
,
other
of
theyr
neighbours
beinge
moued
thereto
by
a
certeyne
emulation
,
to
proue
yf
theyr
fortune
wolde
bee
anye
better
,
lyke
men
of
good
corage
,
Men
of
noble
corage
.
beinge
nothing
discomforted
by
the
harde
fortune
of
theyr
neighboures
,
knowinge
that
it
often
tymes
chaunceth
that
that
which
is
one
mans
vndoinge
is
an
other
mans
makynge
,
attempted
a
newe
vyage
towarde
the
sowthe
by
the
coastes
of
Paria
,
A nother
vyage
folowynge
the
steppes
of
Colonus
the
Admiral
,
who
had
fyrst
discouered
the
same
.
They
also
browght
with
them
greate
plentie
of
Cassia
fistula
:
And
fownde
that
precious
medecine
cauled
of
the
Spanyardes
,
Animae
album
,
Animae
album
.
whose
perfume
is
of
most
excellent
effect
to
heale
the
reumes
,
murres
,
and
heauines
of
the
heade
.
As
touchinge
this
vyage
,
as
yet
I
knowe
noo
other
newes
that
I
thought
worthy
to
certifie
yowe
of
.
Wherfore
,
I
wyl
nowe
make
an
ende
of
this
booke
,
bycause
yow
put
me
so
often
in
rememberance
of
your
departure
.
Yet
to
accomplysshe
the
Decade
,
I
wyll
declare
sumwhae
of
the
superstitions
of
Hispaniola
.
The
superstitions
of
hispaniola
.
Yowe
shall
nowe
therfore
vnderstand
the
illusions
wherwith
the
people
of
the
Ilande
haue
byn
seduced
after
the
errours
of
the
owlde
gentilitie
,
The
errours
of
the
owlde
gentilitie
.
and
wandered
in
the
ignorance
and
blyndenes
of
humane
nature
corrupted
by
the
disobedience
of
owr
fyrst
parentes
,
which
hath
remayned
in
all
nations
vpon
the
face
of
the
earth
,
except
where
it
hath
pleased
god
by
the
lyght
of
his
spirite
by
his
woorde
,
to
poure
vppon
his
electe
the
grace
of
renouation
,
The
grace
of
renouation
.
by
the
lyght
wherof
the
naturall
darkenes
receaueth
sume
clearenes
as
in
a
glasse
,
vntyll
imperfection
shal
be
abolyshed
.
Owre
men
therefore
,
were
longe
in
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
,
before
they
knewe
that
the
people
thereof
honorede
any
other
thynge
than
the
lyghtes
of
heauen
,
or
had
any
other
Religion
.
But
when
theye
had
byne
nowe
longe
conuersante
with
them
,
and
by
vnderstandyng
their
language
,
drewe
to
a
further
familiaritie
,
they
had
knowleage
that
they
vsed
dyuers
rytes
and
superstitions
.
I
haue
therfore
gathered
these
fewe
thynges
folowynge
,
owte
of
a
booke
wrytten
by
one
Ramonus
an
heremyte
,
Ramonus
an
heremyte
.
whom
Colonus
had
lefte
with
certeyne
kynges
of
the
Ilande
to
instruct
them
in
the
Christian
fayth
.
And
bycau●e
in
maner
their
hole
religion
is
none
other
thing
then
Idolatry
,
I
wyll
begynne
at
theyr
Idoles
.
Ido●atry
and
Idoles
.
It
is
therfore
apparente
by
the
Images
which
they
honour
openly
and
commonly
,
that
there
appere
vnto
them
in
the
nyghte
seasons
certeyne
phanta●ies
and
illusions
of
euyll
spirites
,
Illu●ions
of
euyl
spirites
.
seducinge
them
into
many
fonde
and
folyshe
errours
.
For
they
make
certeyne
Images
of
gossampine
cotton
foulded
or
wrethed
after
theyr
maner
,
Images
of
gossamp●ne
cotton
.
and
harde
stopped
within
.
These
Images
they
make
sytting
,
much
lyke
vnto
the
pictures
of
sprites
and
deuelles
which
owr
paynters
are
accustomed
to
pa●nt
vppon
waules
.
But
forasmuch
as
I
my selfe
sent
yowe
foure
of
these
Images
,
yowe
may
better
presently
signifie
vnto
the
kynge
yowre
vncle
,
what
maner
of
thynges
they
are
,
&
howe
lyke
vnto
paynted
deuelles
,
then
I
can
expresse
the
same
by
wrytynge
.
These
Images
,
th
inhabitantes
caule
Zemes
:
zemes
.
wherof
the
leaste
,
made
to
the
lykenes
of
younge
deuels
,
younge
deuyls
.
they
bind
to
theyr
forheades
when
they
goo
to
the
warres
ageynst
their
enemies
:
And
for
that
purpose
haue
they
those
strynges
hangynge
at
them
which
yowe
see
.
Of
these
,
they
beleue
to
obteyne
rayne
if
rayne
be
lackyng
,
and
lykewyse
fayre
wether
.
For
they
thinke
that
these
Zemes
are
the
mediatours
and
messengers
of
the
greate
god
,
Mediatours
.
whom
they
acknowleage
to
be
only
one
,
eternall
,
Only
one
god
eternall
.
withowte
ende
,
omnipotent
and
inuisible
.
Thus
euery
kynge
hath
his
particuler
Zemes
which
he
honoureth
.
The
names
of
god
.
They
caule
the
eternall
god
,
by
these
twoo
names
,
Iocauna
,
and
Guamaonocon
,
as
theyr
predicessours
tawght
them
.
Affirminge
that
he
hath
a
father
cauled
by
these
fyue
names
:
The
father
of
god
.
that
is
,
Artab●ra
,
Mamona
,
Cuacarapita
,
Liella
,
Guimazoa
.
Nowe
shall
yowe
heare
what
they
fable
on
the
earth
as
touchinge
the
originall
of
man
.
The
originall
of
man
kynde
There
is
in
the
Ilande
a
Region
cauled
Caunana
,
wher
they
fayne
that
mankynde
came
fyrst
owte
of
twoo
caues
of
a
mountayne
:
and
that
the
byggest
sorte
of
men
,
came
furth
of
the
mouth
of
the
byggest
caue
,
and
the
least
sorte
owte
of
the
leaste
caue
.
The
rocke
in
the
which
these
caues
are
,
they
caule
Cau●a
.
The
greatest
denne
,
they
name
Cazibaxagua
,
and
the
lesse
Amaiauna
.
Fables
much
lyke
Ouide
his
transformations
.
They
say
,
that
before
it
was
lawful
for
men
to
come
foorth
of
the
caue
,
the
mouth
of
the
caue
was
kepte
and
watched
nyghtly
by
a
man
whose
name
was
Machochael
.
This
Machochael
,
departinge
sumwhat
farre
from
the
caue
to
th
intente
to
see
what
thynges
were
abrode
,
was
soodenly
taken
of
the
soonne
(
whose
sight
he
was
forbydden
)
and
was
turned
into
a
stone
.
They
fayne
the
lyke
of
dyuers
other
,
that
whereas
they
went
foorthe
in
the
nyghte
season
a
fysshynge
,
so
farre
from
the
caue
that
they
coulde
not
returne
before
the
rysynge
of
the
soone
(
the
which
it
was
not
lawful
for
them
to
behold
)
they
were
transformed
into
myrobalane
trees
,
The
original
of
Mirobalane
trees
.
which
of
them selues
growe
plentifully
in
the
Ilande
.
They
saye
furthermore
,
that
a
certeyne
ruler
cauled
Vagoniona
,
sent
one
furth
of
the
caue
to
goo
a
fysshynge
,
who
by
lyke
chaunce
was
turned
into
a
nyghtyngale
bycause
the
soonne
was
rysen
beefore
he
came
ageyne
to
the
caue
:
The
nightingale
.
And
that
yearelye
abowte
the
same
tyme
that
he
was
turned
into
a
byrde
,
he
dothe
in
the
nyght
with
a
moornynge
songe
bewayle
his
mysfortune
,
and
caule
for
the
helpe
of
his
maister
Vagoniona
.
And
this
they
thynke
to
bee
the
cause
why
that
byrde
singeth
in
the
night
season
.
But
Vagoniona
,
beinge
sore
troubled
in
his
mynd
for
the
losse
of
his
familier
frende
whom
he
loued
soo
intierly
,
leauinge
the
men
in
the
caue
,
brought
foorth
onely
the
women
with
theyr
suckynge
chyldren
,
leauinge
the
women
in
one
of
the
Ilandes
of
that
tracte
,
cauled
Mathinino
,
The
Iland
of
Mathinino
.
and
caryed
the
chyldren
awaye
with
hym
:
which
poore
wretches
oppressed
with
famine
,
fainted
and
remained
on
the
banke
of
a
certeine
ryuer
where
they
were
turned
into
frogges
,
Children
turned
into
frogges
.
and
cryed
toa
,
toa
,
that
is
,
mama
,
mama
,
as
chyldren
are
wont
to
crye
for
the
mothers
pappe
.
And
hereof
they
say
it
commeth
that
frogges
vse
to
cry
so
pytifully
in
the
sprynge
tyme
of
the
yeare
:
And
that
men
were
scattered
abrode
in
the
caues
of
Hispaniola
withowte
the
companye
of
women
.
They
say
also
,
that
whereas
Vagoniona
hym selfe
,
was
accustomed
to
wander
in
dyuers
places
,
and
yet
by
a
speciall
grace
,
A
speciall
grace
.
neuer
transformed
,
descended
to
a
certeyne
fayre
woman
whom
he
sawe
in
the
bottome
of
the
sea
,
and
receaued
of
her
certeyne
pibple
stones
of
marble
(
whiche
they
caule
Cibas
)
and
also
certeine
yelowe
and
bright
plates
of
laton
,
whiche
they
caule
Cuaninos
.
These
thynges
to
this
day
are
had
in
greate
estimation
amonge
the
kynges
,
as
goodly
iewels
and
most
holy
reliques
.
holy
reliques
These
men
whiche
we
sayde
before
were
lefte
in
the
caues
withowte
women
,
went
furth
in
the
nyght
(
as
they
say
)
to
wasshe
them selues
in
a
ponde
of
raine
water
and
sawe
a
farre
of
by
the
way
a
greate
multitude
of
certeine
beastes
in
shape
sumwhat
lyke
vnto
women
,
creping
as
thicke
as
antes
aboute
the
myrobalane
trees
:
And
that
as
they
attempted
to
take
these
beastes
,
women
are
slippery
cattayle
.
they
slypped
owte
of
their
handes
as
they
had
byn
yeles
.
Where
vppon
they
consulted
,
and
determyned
bythaduice
of
the
elders
,
Al
wisedome
gothe
not
by
age
.
that
al
suche
shulde
bee
sowght
foorthe
amonge
them
,
as
were
scabbyd
and
leprous
,
to
th
intente
that
with
theyr
rowghe
and
harde
handes
,
they
myght
theselyer
take
holde
of
them
.
These
men
,
they
caule
Caracaracoles
:
And
sente
them
foorthe
a
huntinge
to
take
these
beastes
.
But
of
many
which
they
tooke
,
they
coulde
keepe
but
only
foure
:
The
whiche
as
they
wolde
haue
vsed
for
women
,
they
fownde
that
they
lacked
womans
priuities
.
Wherefore
caulinge
th
elders
ageyne
to
counsayle
,
to
consult
what
were
beste
to
bee
done
in
this
case
,
here
nedeth
sum
tropologicall
interpretour
.
theyr
aduice
was
that
the
byrde
which
wee
caule
the
Pye
,
shuld
bee
admitted
with
his
byll
to
open
a
place
for
that
purpose
,
whyle
in
the
meane
tyme
these
men
cauled
Caracaracoles
,
shulde
hould
fast
the
womens
thighes
abrode
with
theyr
rowgh
handes
.
Full
wysely
therfore
was
the
pye
put
to
this
office
,
and
opened
the
womens
priuities
,
and
hereof
the
women
of
the
Ilande
haue
theyr
original
and
ofspringe
.
But
nowe
doo
I
cease
to
marueyle
that
the
owlde
Grekes
dyd
fable
and
wryte
so
manye
bookes
of
the
people
cauled
Myrmidones
,
Myrmidones
which
they
fayned
to
bee
engendred
of
antes
or
pissemeres
.
These
and
suche
lyke
,
the
sagest
and
wysest
of
the
people
,
Preachers
for
the
deuyl
.
preache
continually
to
the
simple
sorte
,
and
reherse
the
same
as
moste
holy
oracles
.
But
it
is
yet
more
chyldysshe
that
they
fable
as
touchinge
th
originall
of
the
sea
.
For
they
saye
that
there
was
once
in
the
Ilande
,
a
man
of
greate
power
,
whose
name
was
Iaia
:
whose
only
soonne
being
dead
,
he
buryed
hym
within
a
greate
gourde
.
A
vengeable
greate
gourd
.
This
Iaia
,
greuouslye
takyng
the
death
of
his
soonne
,
after
a
fewe
moonthes
,
came
ageyne
to
the
gourde
:
The
which
when
he
had
opened
,
there
isshewed
foorth
many
great
whales
and
other
monsters
of
the
sea
:
The
originall
of
the
sea
.
where
vppon
he
declared
to
suche
as
dwelt
abowte
hym
,
that
the
sea
was
enclosed
in
that
gourde
.
By
which
report
,
foure
brethren
(
borne
of
one
woman
who
dyed
in
her
trauail
)
beinge
moued
,
came
to
the
gourde
in
hope
to
haue
many
fysshes
.
The
whiche
when
they
had
taken
in
theyr
handes
,
and
espied
Iaia
comming
,
(
who
oftentymes
resorted
to
the
gourd
to
viset
the
boones
of
his
soonne
,
fearing
least
he
shulde
suspecte
them
of
thefte
and
sacrileage
,
sodaynely
let
the
gourde
faule
owte
of
theyr
handes
:
which
beinge
broken
in
the
faule
the
sea
furthwith
brake
owte
at
the
ryftes
therof
,
and
so
fylled
the
vales
,
&
ouerflowed
the
playnes
,
that
only
the
mountaynes
were
vncouered
,
whiche
nowe
conteyne
the
Ilandes
which
are
seene
in
those
coastes
.
The
originall
of
Ilandes
.
And
this
is
the
oppinion
of
theyr
wyse
men
as
concernynge
th
originall
of
the
sea
.
But
nowe
(
most
noble
prince
)
you
shall
heare
a
more
pleasaunt
fable
.
There
is
a
certeyne
caue
cauled
Iouanaboina
,
in
the
territorye
of
a
certeyne
kynge
whose
name
is
Machinnech
.
This
caue
they
honour
more
religiously
then
dyd
the
Grekes
in
tyme
paste
,
Corinth
,
Cyrrha
,
or
Nysa
:
A
holy
caue
.
And
haue
adourned
it
with
pictures
of
a
thousand
fasshions
.
In
th
enterance
of
this
caue
they
haue
twoo
grauen
Zemes
,
wherof
the
one
is
cauled
Binthaitel
,
and
the
other
Marohu
.
Images
.
Beinge
demaunded
why
they
had
this
caue
in
soo
greate
reuerence
,
they
answered
ernestly
,
bycause
the
Soonne
and
the
Moone
came
fyrst
owt
of
the
same
to
gyue
lyght
to
the
worlde
.
The
originall
of
the
soone
and
moone
.
They
haue
religious
concourse
to
these
caues
,
as
wee
are
accustomed
to
goo
on
Pylgramage
to
Rome
or
Uaticane
,
Pylgramage
.
Compostele
,
or
Hierusalem
,
and
most
holye
and
heade
places
of
owre
Religion
.
They
are
also
subiect
to
an
other
kynde
of
superstition
.
walkynge
sprytes
.
For
they
thinke
that
deade
folkes
walke
in
the
nyght
,
and
eate
of
the
fruite
cauled
Guannaba
,
vnknowen
vnto
vs
,
and
sumwhat
lyke
vnto
a
quynse
.
Affirmynge
also
that
they
are
conuersant
with
lyuing
people
,
Incubi
.
euen
in
theyr
beddes
,
and
to
deceaue
women
in
takynge
vppon
them
the
shape
of
men
,
shewynge
them selues
as
thowgh
they
wolde
haue
to
doo
with
them
:
But
when
the
matter
commeth
to
actual
deede
,
soodenly
to
vanysshe
away
.
A
remedye
ageynst
walkyng
sprites
.
If
any
doo
suspecte
that
a
deade
body
lyeth
by
hym
when
he
feeleth
anye
straunge
thynge
in
the
bedde
,
they
say
hee
shal
be
owt
of
dout
by
feelynge
of
the
belly
therof
:
affirmyng
that
the
spirites
of
deade
men
may
take
vppon
them
al
the
members
of
mans
body
,
sauinge
only
the
nauell
.
If
therfore
by
lacke
of
the
nauell
he
doo
perceaue
that
a
deade
body
lyeth
by
hym
,
the
feelynge
is
immediatly
resolued
.
They
beleue
verely
,
that
in
the
nyght
,
and
often
tymes
in
theyr
iourneys
,
and
especially
in
common
and
hygh
wayes
,
deade
men
doo
meete
with
the
lyuynge
.
Ageynste
whome
,
if
any
man
bee
stoute
and
owte
of
feare
,
the
phantasye
vanyssheth
incontinentely
.
Phantasies
proceadynge
of
feare
.
But
yf
anye
feare
,
the
phantasy
or
vysion
doth
soo
assaute
hym
and
stryke
hym
with
further
feare
,
that
manye
are
thereby
astonysshed
and
haue
the
lymmes
of
theyr
bodyes
taken
.
Thinhabytantes
beinge
demaunded
of
whom
they
had
those
vayne
supersticions
,
Al
is
not
good
that
is
owlde
they
answered
that
they
were
lefte
them
of
theyr
forefathers
as
by
discent
of
inheritance
:
And
that
they
haue
had
the
same
(
before
the
memory
of
man
)
composed
in
certeine
rymes
and
songes
,
which
it
was
lawful
for
none
to
lerne
but
onely
the
kynges
soonnes
,
who
commytted
the
same
to
memorye
,
Syngynge
&
playinge
bycause
they
hadde
neuer
any
knoweleage
of
letters
.
These
they
synge
beefore
the
people
on
certeyne
solemne
and
festiuall
dayes
,
as
moste
religious
ceremonies
:
whyle
in
the
meane
tyme
they
play
on
a
certeyne
instrumente
made
of
one
hole
peece
of
woodde
sumwhat
holowe
lyke
a
tymbrell
.
Their
preestes
and
diuines
(
whom
they
caule
Boitios
)
instructe
them
in
these
superstitions
.
Preestes
and
diuines
.
These
preestes
,
are
also
phisitians
,
Phisitians
.
diuisinge
a
thousande
craftes
and
subtylties
howe
to
deceaue
the
simple
people
which
haue
them
in
greate
reuerence
.
For
they
persuade
them
that
the
Zemes
vse
to
speake
with
theym
familierlye
,
Ignorance
is
noryshed
with
superst●tion
.
and
tel
them
of
thynges
to
come
.
And
if
any
haue
bin
sicke
&
are
recouered
,
they
make
them
beleue
that
they
obteyned
theyr
healthe
of
the
Zemes.
These
Boitii
,
bynde
them selues
to
muche
fastinge
and
owtewarde
clenlynes
and
pourgeinges
:
Fastynge
and
outward
clenlynes
.
Especially
when
they
take
vppon
them
the
cure
of
any
Prince
.
For
then
they
drynke
the
pouder
of
a
certeyne
herbe
,
by
whose
qualitie
they
are
dryuen
into
a
furye
:
At
whiche
tyme
(
as
they
say
)
they
lerne
many
thynges
by
reuelation
of
the
Zemes.
A
pouder
of
maruelous
effecte
.
Then
,
puttinge
secreatly
in
theyr
mouthes
,
eyther
a
stone
,
or
a
bone
,
or
a
piece
of
fleshe
,
they
coomme
to
the
sicke
person
,
commaundinge
al
to
departe
owte
of
that
place
,
Iuggelynge
.
excepte
one
or
twoo
,
whom
it
shall
please
the
sicke
man
to
appoynt
.
This
doone
,
they
goo
about
hym
three
or
foure
tymes
,
greatly
deforminge
theyr
faces
,
lyppes
,
and
nosethrils
with
sundry
fylthy
giestures
:
A
strange
ma●er
of
curing
blowynge
,
breathinge
,
and
suckyng
the
forheade
,
temples
,
and
necke
of
the
pacient
,
wherby
(
they
saye
)
they
drawe
the
euyll
ayer
from
hym
,
and
sucke
the
disease
owt
of
his
veynes
.
Then
rubbinge
hym
about
the
shoulders
,
thyghes
,
and
legges
,
and
drawynge
downe
theyr
handes
close
by
his
feete
,
holdinge
them
yet
faste
togyther
,
they
runne
to
the
dore
beinge
open
,
where
they
vnclose
and
shake
theyr
handes
,
affirminge
that
they
haue
dryuen
away
the
disease
,
and
that
the
pacient
shall
shortely
bee
perfectly
restored
to
health
.
After
this
,
commynge
behynde
hym
,
he
conueygheth
the
piece
of
fleshe
owte
of
his
owne
mouth
like
a
iuggeler
,
and
sheweth
it
to
the
sicke
man
,
sayinge
,
behoulde
what
you
haue
eaten
to
muche
:
you
shall
nowe
bee
hole
,
bycause
I
haue
taken
this
from
you
.
But
if
he
intende
yet
further
to
deceaue
the
pacient
,
he
persuadeth
hym
that
his
Zemes
is
angry
,
Angery
gods
eyther
bycause
he
hath
not
buylded
hym
a
chapell
,
or
not
honored
hym
religiously
,
or
not
dedicated
vnto
him
a
groue
or
garden
.
And
if
it
soo
chaunce
that
the
sicke
person
dye
,
his
kinsfolkes
by
wytchecrafte
enforce
the
deade
to
confesse
whether
he
dyed
by
naturall
destenye
,
They
make
the
deade
to
speake
.
or
by
the
neglygence
of
the
Boitius
,
in
that
he
had
not
fasted
as
he
shulde
haue
doone
,
or
not
mynistred
a
conuenient
medicine
for
the
disease
.
Soo
that
yf
this
phisitian
bee
founde
fautie
,
they
take
reuenge
of
hym
.
Of
the
stones
or
bones
which
these
Boitii
carye
in
theyr
mouthes
,
yf
the
women
can
coome
by
them
,
they
keepe
them
religiously
beleauinge
them
to
bee
greatly
effectuall
to
helpe
women
whiche
trauayle
with
chylde
:
And
therfore
honoure
them
as
they
doo
theyr
Zemes.
For
dyuers
of
th
inhabitantes
,
honour
Zemes
of
dyuers
fasshions
.
Sume
make
theim
of
woodde
,
Diuers
Idols
of
sundry
shape
.
as
they
were
admonyshed
by
certeyne
visions
apperinge
vnto
them
in
the
wooddes
.
Other
,
whiche
haue
receaued
answere
of
them
amonge
the
rockes
,
make
them
of
stone
and
marble
.
Sum
they
make
of
rootes
to
the
similitude
of
suche
as
appeare
to
them
when
they
are
gathering
the
rootes
cauled
Ages
,
wherof
they
make
theyr
breade
,
as
we
haue
sayde
before
.
These
Zemes
,
they
beleue
to
send
plentie
and
frutefulnes
of
those
rootes
,
as
the
antiquitie
beleued
suche
fayries
or
spirites
as
they
cauled
Dryades
,
Hamadryades
,
Satyros
,
Panes
,
and
Nereides
,
Fayries
or
spirites
of
the
gentyles
.
to
haue
the
cure
and
prouidence
of
the
sea
,
wooddes
,
sprynges
and
fountaynes
,
assigninge
to
euery
thynge
,
theyr
peculier
goddes
.
Peculier
goddes
.
Euen
soo
doo
th
inhabitantes
of
this
Ilande
attribute
a
Zemes
to
euery
thynge
,
supposinge
the
same
to
gyue
eare
to
theyr
inuocations
.
Wherfore
,
as
often
as
the
kynges
aske
counsaile
of
their
Zemes
as
concerning
their
warres
,
They
aske
consaile
of
Ido●s
increase
of
fruites
or
scarsnes
,
or
health
and
sickenes
,
they
enter
into
the
house
dedicate
to
theyr
Zemes
,
where
,
snuffinge
vp
into
theyr
nosethryls
the
pouder
of
the
herbe
cauled
Cohobba
(
wherwith
the
Boitii
are
dryuen
into
a
furye
)
they
say
that
immediatly
they
see
the
houses
turne
topsy
turnye
,
The
●ouder
of
the
herbe
Cohobba
.
and
men
to
walke
with
theyr
heeles
vpwarde
:
of
suche
force
is
this
pouder
vtterly
to
take
away
all
sense
.
As
soone
as
this
maddenes
ceaseth
,
he
embraseth
his
knees
with
his
armes
,
holdynge
downe
his
heade
.
And
when
he
hath
remayned
thus
a
whyle
astonysshed
,
he
lyfteth
vp
his
heade
as
one
that
came
newe
owt
of
sleepe
:
And
thus
loking
vp
towarde
heauen
,
Fyrst
he
fumbeleth
certeyne
confounded
woordes
with
hym selfe
.
Then
certeyne
of
the
nobilitie
or
chiefe
gentelmen
that
are
about
him
(
for
none
of
the
common
people
are
admytted
to
these
mysteries
)
with
lowde
voyces
gyue
tokens
of
reioysing
that
he
is
returned
to
them
from
the
speache
of
the
Zemes
,
Secreate
misteries
.
demaundynge
of
hym
what
he
hathe
seene
.
Then
hee
openinge
his
mouthe
,
doateth
that
the
Zemes
spake
to
hym
duryng
the
tyme
of
his
traunce
:
declaring
that
he
had
reuelations
eyther
concerninge
victorye
or
destruction
:
Reuelations
.
famyne
or
plentie
:
health
or
syckenes
,
or
what
soo
euer
happeneth
fyrst
on
his
toonge
.
Nowe
(
moste
noble
Prince
)
what
neede
you
hereafter
to
marueyle
of
the
spirite
of
Apollo
soo
shakynge
his
Sibylles
with
extreme
furie
?
The
spirite
of
Apollo
.
The
Sibilles
Yowe
had
thowght
that
the
superstitious
antiquitie
hadde
peryshed
.
But
nowe
wheras
I
haue
declared
thus
much
of
the
Zemes
in
generall
,
I
thowght
it
not
good
to
lette
passe
what
is
sayde
of
them
in
particuler
.
They
saye
therefore
,
that
a
certeyne
kynge
cauled
Guamaretus
,
I
haue
harde
the
lyke
of
other
in
Englande
.
had
a
Zemes
whose
name
was
Corochotum
:
who
(
they
say
)
was
often
tymes
woonte
to
descende
frome
the
hygheste
place
of
the
house
where
Guamaretus
kepte
hym
faste
bounde
.
They
affirme
,
that
the
cause
of
this
his
breakynge
of
his
bandes
and
departure
,
was
eyther
to
hyde
hym selfe
,
or
to
goo
seeke
for
meate
,
hungery
and
●echerous
Gods
.
or
els
for
the
acte
of
generation
:
And
that
sumtymes
beinge
offended
,
that
the
kynge
Guamaretus
had
byn
negligent
and
slacke
in
honouringe
hym
,
he
was
woont
to
lye
hyd
for
certeyne
dayes
.
They
say
also
that
in
the
kynges
vylage
there
are
sumtyme
chyldren
borne
hauing
twoo
crownes
which
they
suppose
to
bee
the
children
of
Corochotum
the
Zemes.
Children
with
two
crownes
They
fayne
lykewyse
,
that
Guamaretus
beinge
ouercome
of
his
enemies
in
the
battayle
,
and
his
vylage
with
the
palaice
consumed
with
fyer
,
Corochotus
brake
his
bandes
and
was
afterwarde
founde
a
furlonge
of
,
safe
and
withowte
hurte
.
He
hath
also
an
other
Zemes
cauled
Epileguanita
,
made
of
woodde
,
in
shape
lyke
a
foure
footed
beaste
:
who
also
is
sayde
,
wanderinge
Images
.
often
tymes
to
haue
gonne
from
the
place
where
he
is
honoured
,
in
to
the
wooddes
.
As
soone
as
they
perceaue
him
to
bee
gonne
,
a
great
multitude
of
them
gather
togyther
to
seeke
hym
with
deuoute
prayers
:
And
when
they
haue
fownde
hym
,
brynge
hym
home
religiously
on
theyr
shulders
to
the
chapell
dedicated
vnto
hym
.
But
they
coomplayne
that
sence
the
commynge
of
the
Christian
men
into
the
Ilande
,
he
fledde
for
all
togyther
,
and
coulde
neuer
sence
bee
founde
,
wherby
they
diuined
the
destruction
of
theyr
countrey
.
They
honoured
an
other
Zemes
in
the
lykenes
of
a
woman
,
on
whom
wayted
twoo
other
lyke
men
,
as
they
were
ministers
to
her
.
One
of
these
,
executed
th
office
of
a
mediatour
to
the
other
Zemes
which
are
vnder
the
power
and
commaundement
of
this
woman
,
Mediatours
,
A
woman
zemes
of
great
poure
.
to
rayse
wyndes
,
cloudes
,
and
rayne
.
The
other
is
also
at
her
commaundemente
a
messenger
to
the
other
Zemes
whiche
are
ioyned
with
her
in
gouernaunce
,
to
gather
togyther
the
waters
whiche
faule
from
the
hygh
hylles
to
the
valleys
,
that
beinge
loosed
,
they
may
with
force
brust
owte
into
greate
fluddes
and
ouerflowe
the
countrey
if
the
people
doo
not
gyue
due
honoure
to
her
Image
.
There
remayneth
yet
one
thynge
woorthy
to
bee
noted
,
wherwith
we
wyll
make
an
ende
of
this
booke
.
It
is
a
thynge
well
knowen
,
and
yet
fresshe
in
memory
amonge
the
inhabitantes
of
the
Ilande
,
that
there
was
sumetyme
twoo
kynges
(
of
the
which
one
was
the
father
of
Guarionexius
of
whom
we
made
mention
before
)
which
were
woont
to
absteyne
fyue
dayes
togyther
continually
from
meate
and
drinke
,
Fyue
dayes
fastinge
.
to
knowe
sumwhat
of
theyr
Zemes
of
thynges
to
coome
:
A
maruelous
il●usion
of
the
deuyll
.
And
that
for
this
fastynge
beinge
acceptable
to
theyr
Zemes
,
they
receaued
answere
of
them
,
that
within
fewe
yeares
,
there
shuld
coome
to
the
Ilande
a
nation
of
men
couered
with
apparell
,
which
shulde
destroye
al
the
customes
and
cerymonyes
of
the
Iland
.
and
eyther
sley
all
theyr
chyldren
,
The
deuyll
sumtyme
telleth
truth
.
or
brynge
them
into
seruitude
.
The
common
sort
of
the
people
,
vnderstoode
this
oracle
to
bee
mente
of
the
Canibales
.
And
therefore
when
they
had
any
knowleage
of
theyr
commyng
,
they
euer
fledde
,
and
were
fully
determyned
neuer
more
th
aduenture
the
battayle
with
them
.
But
when
they
sawe
that
the
Spanyardes
had
entered
into
the
Ilande
,
consultinge
amonge
them selues
of
the
matter
,
they
concluded
that
this
was
the
nation
which
was
ment
by
th
oracle
.
The
Idols
abolyshed
.
Wherin
,
theyr
opinion
deceaued
them
not
.
For
they
are
nowe
all
subiecte
to
the
Christians
,
all
suche
beinge
slayne
as
stoobernely
resisted
.
Nor
yet
remayneth
there
anye
memory
of
theyr
Zemes
:
for
they
are
al
brought
into
Spayne
,
that
we
myght
bee
certified
of
theyr
illusions
of
euyl
spirites
and
Idoles
,
the
which
yowe
yowre
selfe
(
most
noble
Prince
)
haue
seene
and
felte
when
I
was
presente
with
yowe
.
I
let
passe
many
thynges
bycause
yow
put
me
in
remembrance
that
to
morowe
yowe
take
yowre
iorney
towarde
yowre
countrey
,
to
brynge
home
the
queene
yowre
aunte
,
whom
yowe
accoompanyed
hether
at
the
commaundemente
of
kynge
Frederyke
yowre
vncle
.
Wherfore
I
byd
yowe
farewel
for
this
tyme
,
desyrynge
yowe
to
remember
yowre
Martyr
,
whome
yowe
haue
compelled
in
the
name
of
the
kynge
yowre
vncle
,
to
gather
these
fewe
thynges
owte
of
a
large
feelde
of
hystoryes
.
¶
The
tenth
and
laste
booke
of
the
fyrst
decade
,
as
a
conclusion
of
the
former
bookes
:
Wrytten
to
Inacus
Lopez
Mendocius
,
countie
of
Tendilla
,
and
viceroye
of
Granata
.
AT
the
fyrst
begynnynge
and
newe
attempte
,
when
Colonus
had
taken
vppon
hym
th
enterpryse
to
search
the
Ocean
sea
,
I
was
ernestly
moued
and
requyred
by
the
letters
of
certeyne
of
my
frendes
and
noble
men
of
Rome
to
wryte
suche
thynges
as
shoulde
happen
.
For
they
whyspered
with
greate
admiracion
,
that
where
as
there
were
many
newe
landes
founde
,
and
nations
which
liued
naked
and
after
the
lawe
of
nature
,
The
Lawe
of
nature
.
they
coulde
here
noo
certentie
therof
,
beinge
greately
desyrous
of
the
same
.
In
this
meane
tyme
had
fortune
ouerthrowne
Ascanius
(
his
brother
Lodouike
beinge
cast
owt
of
Mylayne
by
the
frenchmen
)
whose
autoritie
wold
not
suffer
me
to
bee
idle
,
Milayne
in
the
hands
of
the
frenchmen
but
euer
to
haue
my
pen
in
hande
.
To
hym
I
wryte
the
twoo
fyrst
bookes
of
this
decade
,
besyde
many
other
of
my
hyd
commentaries
whiche
yowe
shall
see
shortely
.
Fortune
dyd
noo
lesse
withdrawe
my
mynde
frome
wrytynge
,
then
disturbe
Ascaniu●
from
power
.
As
he
was
tossed
with
contrary
stormes
and
ceased
to
persuade
me
,
euen
soo
slacked
my
feruentnes
to
enquyre
any
further
,
vntyl
the
yeare
of
Christe
.1500
.
When
the
court
remayned
at
Granata
where
yowe
are
viceroye
:
At
which
time
Lodouike
the
Cardinall
of
Aragonie
,
neuie
to
kynge
Frederike
by
his
brothers
syde
(
beinge
at
Granata
with
the
queene
Parthenopea
the
syster
of
owre
catholike
kynge
)
browght
me
kynge
Frederikes
letters
,
wherby
he
exhorted
me
to
fynyshe
the
other
bookes
whiche
folowed
the
twoo
epystell
bookes
,
Epistel
books
which
I
wryte
to
Ascanius
.
For
they
both
acknowleaged
that
they
hadde
the
copie
of
all
that
I
wryte
to
cardinall
Ascanius
.
And
albeit
that
euen
then
I
was
sicke
(
as
yowe
knowe
)
yet
tooke
I
the
burden
vppon
me
,
and
applyed
my selfe
to
wrytynge
.
I
haue
therfore
chosen
these
fewe
thynges
,
owte
of
a
greate
heape
of
suche
as
seemed
to
me
most
woorthy
to
bee
noted
amonge
the
large
wrytynges
of
the
autoures
and
searchers
of
the
same
.
Wherfore
,
forasmuch
as
yowe
haue
endeuoured
to
wreste
owt
of
my
handes
the
hole
exemple
of
al
my
woorkes
,
to
adde
the
same
to
the
innumerable
volumes
of
yowre
librarie
,
I
thowght
it
good
nowe
to
make
a
breefe
rehersall
of
those
thynges
which
were
done
from
that
yeare
of
a
thowsande
and
fyue
hundreth
,
The
historye
folowing
,
conteyneth
the
actes
of
ten
yeare
.
euen
vnto
this
yeare
which
is
the
tenth
from
that
.
For
I
entende
to
wryte
more
largelye
of
these
thynges
hereafter
,
if
god
graunte
me
lyfe
.
I
hadde
wrytten
a
hole
booke
by
it selfe
of
the
superstitions
of
the
people
of
the
Ilande
,
supposinge
therwith
to
haue
accomplyshed
the
hole
Decade
consistynge
of
tenne
bookes
.
But
I
haue
added
this
to
the
tenthe
as
a
perpendiculer
lyne
,
and
as
it
were
a
backe
guyde
or
rerewarde
to
the
other
:
So
that
yowe
may
knytte
the
fyrst
tenthe
,
to
the
nynthe
,
and
impute
this
to
occupie
the
place
of
the
tenthe
to
fyll
vp
the
Decade
.
This
order
haue
I
appoynted
,
lest
I
shulde
bee
compelled
often
times
to
wryte
ouer
the
hole
woorke
,
or
sende
yowe
the
same
defaced
with
blottes
and
interlynynge
.
But
nowe
let
vs
coome
to
owre
purpose
.
The
shippe
masters
and
maryners
ranne
ouer
many
coastes
durynge
these
tenne
yeares
:
But
euer
folowed
suche
as
were
fyrste
fownde
by
Colonus
.
For
rasinge
continually
alonge
by
the
tracte
of
Paria
,
Paria
,
part
of
the
firme
land
of
East
India
which
they
beleue
to
bee
parte
of
the
firme
lande
or
continent
of
easte
India
,
sume
of
theym
chaunced
vppon
certeyne
newe
landes
towarde
the
easte
,
and
sume
towarde
the
weste
,
in
which
they
fownde
bothe
goulde
and
frankensence
.
Golde
&
frankensence
.
For
they
browght
from
thense
many
iewels
and
ouches
of
golde
,
and
greate
plentie
of
frankensence
,
whiche
they
had
of
the
people
of
those
countreys
,
partely
for
exchange
of
sume
of
owre
thynges
,
and
partely
by
force
,
ouer
commynge
them
by
warre
.
Yet
in
sume
places
,
althowgh
they
bee
naked
,
The
fiercenes
of
the
naked
people
.
they
ouercame
owre
men
,
and
slewe
hole
armyes
.
For
they
are
excedinge
fierce
,
and
vse
venemous
arrowes
,
and
longe
staues
lyke
iauelens
,
made
harde
at
the
ende
with
fyer
.
They
fownde
many
beastes
,
Innumerable
beastes
vnlyke
vnto
owres
.
both
creepinge
and
foure
footed
,
muche
differinge
from
owres
,
variable
and
of
sundrye
shapes
innumerable
:
yet
not
hurtflul
,
excepte
Lyons
,
Tygers
,
and
Crocodiles
.
This
I
meane
in
sundry
Regions
of
that
greate
lande
of
Paria
:
but
not
in
the
Ilandes
:
Noo
not
soo
much
as
one
.
For
all
the
beastes
of
the
Ilandes
,
are
meeke
and
withowte
hurte
,
Nothing
hurtfull
in
the
Ilandes
.
except
men
which
(
as
wee
haue
sayde
)
are
in
many
Ilandes
deuourers
of
mans
flesshe
.
There
are
also
dyuers
kyndes
of
foules
.
And
in
many
places
battes
of
such
bygnes
,
that
they
are
equall
with
turtle
doues
.
Battes
as
bygge
as
turtle
doues
.
These
battes
,
haue
often
tymes
assauted
men
in
the
nyght
in
theyr
sleepe
,
and
soo
bytten
them
with
theyr
venemous
teethe
,
that
they
haue
byn
therby
almoste
dryuen
to
madnes
,
in
soo
much
that
they
haue
byn
compelled
to
flye
from
such
places
,
as
from
rauenous
harpies
.
In
an
other
place
,
where
certeyne
of
them
slepte
in
the
nyght
season
on
the
sandes
by
the
sea
syde
,
a
monster
commynge
owte
of
the
sea
,
A
man
deuoured
of
a
monster
of
the
sea
came
vppon
one
of
them
secreatly
and
caryed
hym
away
by
the
myddeste
owte
of
the
sight
of
his
felowes
to
whome
he
cryed
in
vayne
for
helpe
vntyll
the
beaste
lepte
into
the
sea
with
her
praye
.
It
was
the
kynges
pleasure
that
they
shulde
remayne
in
these
landes
,
The
Spanyardes
profer
them selues
to
subdue
the
newe
landes
.
and
buylde
townes
and
fortresses
.
Where
vnto
they
were
soo
wel
wyllynge
,
that
dyuers
profered
them selues
to
take
vppon
them
the
subduing
of
the
lande
,
makyng
great
sute
to
the
kynge
that
they
might
bee
appoynted
therto
.
The
coaste
of
this
tracte
is
exceadynge
greate
and
large
:
and
the
Regions
and
landes
therof
extende
maruelous
farre
:
Note
the
largenes
of
the
newe
landes
.
Soo
that
they
affirme
the
continent
of
these
Regions
with
the
Ilandes
abowte
the
same
,
to
bee
thryse
as
bygge
as
al
Europe
,
besyde
those
landes
that
the
Portugales
haue
fownde
southwarde
,
whiche
are
also
exceadynge
large
.
Therfore
doubtlesse
Spayne
hathe
deserued
greate
prayse
in
these
owre
dayes
,
Commendacion
of
the
Spaniardes
.
in
that
it
hath
made
knowen
vnto
vs
soo
many
thowsandes
of
Antipodes
which
leye
hyd
before
and
vnknowen
to
owre
forefathers
:
Antipodes
.
And
hath
thereby
mynystred
so
large
matter
to
wryte
of
,
to
suche
lerned
wyttes
as
are
desyrous
to
sette
furthe
knowleage
to
the
commoditie
of
men
:
to
whom
I
opened
away
when
I
gathered
these
thynges
rudely
to gyther
as
yowe
see
:
The
which
,
neuerthelesse
I
trust
yowe
wyll
take
in
good
parte
,
aswell
for
that
I
can
not
adourne
my
rudenes
with
better
vesture
,
The
autours
excusse
.
as
also
that
I
neuer
tooke
penne
in
hande
to
wryte
lyke
an
historiographer
,
but
only
by
epistels
scribeled
in
haste
,
to
satisfie
theym
,
from
whose
commaundementes
I
myght
not
drawe
backe
my
foote
.
But
now
I
haue
digressed
enowghe
.
Let
vs
nowe
therefore
returne
to
Hispaniola
.
Hispaniola
.
Owre
men
haue
founde
by
experience
,
that
the
breade
of
the
Iland
is
of
smaule
strength
to
such
as
haue
byn
vsed
to
owr
breade
made
of
wheate
:
And
that
theyr
strenthes
were
much
decayed
by
vsynge
of
the
same
,
Wherfore
the
king
hath
of
late
commaunded
that
wheate
shulde
bee
sowen
there
in
diuers
places
and
at
sundry
tymes
of
the
yeare
.
The
nature
of
the
place
,
altereth
the
formes
and
qualities
of
thynges
.
Wheate
.
herbes
.
Catayle
,
It
groweth
into
holowe
reedes
,
with
fewe
eares
,
but
those
verye
bygge
and
frutefull
.
They
fynde
the
lyke
softenes
or
delicatenes
to
bee
in
herbes
,
which
growe
there
to
the
height
of
corne
.
Neat
or
cattall
,
becoome
of
bygger
stature
and
exceadynge
fat
,
but
theyr
flesshe
is
more
vnsauery
,
and
theyr
bones
(
as
they
say
)
eyther
withowte
marye
,
or
the
same
to
bee
verye
waterysshe
.
But
of
hogges
and
swyne
,
hogges
.
they
affirme
the
contrarye
,
that
they
are
more
holsoome
and
of
better
taste
,
by
reason
of
certeyne
wylde
frutes
whiche
they
eate
,
beinge
of
muche
better
nooryshement
then
maste
.
There
is
almost
none
other
kynd
of
flesshe
commonly
soulde
in
the
market
.
The
multitude
of
hogges
,
are
excedingly
encreased
,
,
and
becoome
wylde
as
soone
as
they
are
owte
of
the
swyneheardes
keepynge
.
They
haue
suche
plentie
of
beastes
and
foules
,
Plentie
of
beastes
and
fou●e
.
that
they
shall
heareafter
haue
noo
neede
,
to
haue
any
brought
from
other
places
.
Th
increase
of
all
beastes
,
growe
bygger
then
the
broode
they
came
of
,
by
reason
of
the
rankenes
of
the
pasture
,
althowgh
theyr
feadynge
bee
only
of
grasse
,
withowte
eyther
barley
or
other
grayne
.
But
wee
haue
sayde
enowgh
of
Hispaniola
.
They
haue
nowe
fownde
that
Cuba
,
Cuba
,
is
an
Ilande
.
(
which
of
longe
tyme
they
thowght
to
haue
byn
firme
lande
for
the
greate
length
therof
)
is
an
Ilande
.
Yet
is
it
noo
maruell
that
th
inhabitantes
them selues
towlde
owre
men
when
they
searched
the
length
therof
,
that
it
was
withowte
ende
.
For
this
nacion
being
naked
and
contente
with
a
lyttle
,
and
with
the
limittes
of
theyr
owne
contrey
,
is
not
greatly
curyous
to
know
what
theyr
neyghbours
doo
,
or
the
largenes
of
theyr
dominion
.
Nor
yet
knewe
they
if
there
were
any
other
thinge
vnder
heauen
,
besyde
that
whiche
they
walked
on
with
theyr
feete
.
Cuba
,
The
description
of
Cuba
.
is
frome
the
Easte
into
the
Weste
,
muche
longer
then
Hispaniola
:
And
in
breadthe
from
the
Northe
to
the
Southe
,
much
lesse
then
they
supposed
at
the
fyrst
:
for
it
is
very
narowe
in
respecte
to
the
length
:
And
is
for
the
moste
parte
,
very
frutefull
and
pleasaunt
.
Eastwarde
not
farre
from
Hispaniola
,
there
lyethe
an
Ilande
,
lesse
then
Hispaniola
more
then
by
the
halfe
,
which
owre
men
cauled
Sancti
Iohannis
,
The
Iland
of
Burichema
or
S.
Iohannis
.
beinge
in
maner
square
.
In
this
they
founde
excedynge
ryche
golde
mynes
.
But
beinge
nowe
occupied
in
the
golde
mynes
of
Hispaniola
,
,
Golde
mynes
they
haue
not
yet
sent
labourers
in
to
that
Iland
.
But
the
plentie
and
reuenewe
of
golde
of
al
other
Regions
,
gyue
place
to
Hispaniola
,
where
they
gyue
theim selues
in
maner
to
none
other
thynge
then
to
gather
golde
,
The
order
of
woorkynge
in
the
golde
mynes
.
of
which
woorke
this
order
is
appoynted
.
To
euery
such
wyttie
and
skylfull
man
as
is
put
in
truste
to
bee
a
suruoier
or
ouerseer
of
these
woorkes
,
there
is
assigned
one
or
more
kynges
of
the
Ilande
with
theyr
subiectes
.
The
kynges
brynge
theyr
subiectes
to
woorke
in
the
golde
mynes
.
These
kynges
accordyng
to
theyr
league
,
coome
with
theyr
people
at
certeyne
tymes
of
the
yeare
,
and
resorte
euery
of
them
to
the
golde
myne
to
the
which
he
is
assigned
:
where
they
haue
all
maner
of
dygginge
or
myninge
tooles
deliuered
them
:
And
euery
kynge
with
his
men
,
haue
a
certeyne
rewarde
alowed
them
for
theyr
labour
.
For
when
they
departe
from
the
mynes
to
sowynge
of
corne
,
and
other
tyllage
(
wherunto
they
are
addict
at
certeyne
other
tymes
,
Tyllage
.
leaste
theyr
foode
shulde
fayle
them
)
they
receaue
for
theyr
laboure
,
one
a
ierken
,
or
a
dublet
,
an
other
a
sherte
,
an
other
a
cloke
or
a
cappe
.
For
they
nowe
take
pleasure
in
these
thynges
,
and
goo
no
more
naked
as
they
were
wont
too
doo
.
And
thus
they
vse
the
helpe
and
laboure
of
the
inhabitantes
both
for
the
tyllage
of
theyr
ground
,
and
in
theyr
gold
mines
as
thowghe
they
were
theyr
seruauntes
or
bondemen
.
They
beare
this
yoke
of
seruitude
with
an
euyll
wyll
:
but
yet
they
beare
it
.
They
caule
these
hyred
labourers
,
Anaborias
.
Yet
the
kynge
doth
not
suffer
that
they
shulde
bee
vsed
as
bondemen
:
And
onely
at
his
pleasure
they
are
sette
at
libertie
or
appoynted
to
woorke
.
At
suche
tyme
as
they
are
cauled
together
of
theyr
kynges
to
woorke
(
as
souldiers
or
pioners
are
assembled
of
theyr
centurians
)
many
of
them
stele
away
to
the
mountaynes
and
wooddes
,
where
they
lye
luckynge
,
They
abhorre
laboure
being
content
for
that
tyme
to
lyue
with
wyld
frutes
,
rather
then
take
the
paynes
to
laboure
.
They
are
docible
and
apte
to
lerne
,
They
are
docible
.
and
haue
nowe
vtterly
forgotten
theyr
owlde
supersticions
.
They
beleue
godly
,
and
beare
wel
in
memory
suche
thynges
as
they
haue
lerned
of
owre
faith
.
Theyr
kynges
children
are
brought
vp
with
the
chiefest
of
owre
men
,
The
kynges
chyldren
.
and
are
instructed
in
letters
and
good
maners
.
When
they
are
growen
to
mans
age
,
they
sende
them
home
to
theyr
countreys
to
bee
exemple
to
other
,
and
especially
to
gouerne
the
people
if
theyr
fathers
bee
dead
that
they
maye
the
better
set
foorthe
the
Christian
Religion
,
and
keepe
theyr
subiectes
in
loue
and
obedience
.
By
reason
whereof
,
they
coome
nowe
by
fayre
meanes
and
gentell
persuasions
to
the
mynes
which
lye
in
twoo
Regions
of
the
Ilande
aboute
thirtie
myles
distante
frome
the
citie
of
Dominica
:
wherof
the
one
is
cauled
Sancti
Christophori
:
The
two
chiefe
golde
myres
of
hispaniola
.
And
the
other
being
distante
aboute
foure
score
and
tenne
myles
,
is
cauled
Cibaua
,
not
farre
from
the
cheefe
hauen
cauled
Portus
Regalis
.
These
regions
are
very
large
:
In
the
which
in
many
places
here
and
there
,
are
fownd
sumtyme
euen
in
the
vpper
crust
of
the
earth
and
sumtyme
amonge
the
stones
,
Golde
founde
in
the
vpper
part
of
the
earth
.
certeyne
rounde
pieces
or
plates
of
golde
,
sumtyme
of
smaule
quantitie
,
and
in
sum
places
of
great
weyght
:
In
so
muche
that
there
hath
byn
found
rounde
pieces
of
three
hundreth
pounde
weyght
,
and
one
of
three
thousande
,
three
hundreth
and
tenne
pounde
weyght
:
A
piece
of
golde
weighinge
three
thousande
three
hundreth
&
ten
pounds
.
A
coastly
shipwrake
.
The
whiche
(
as
yowe
harde
)
was
sente
hole
to
the
kynge
in
that
shyppe
in
the
which
the
gouernour
Boadilla
was
comming
home
into
Spayne
,
the
shyppe
with
all
the
men
beinge
drowned
by
the
way
,
by
reason
it
was
ouerladen
with
the
weight
of
golde
and
multytude
of
men
.
Albeit
,
there
were
moo
then
a
thowesande
persons
whiche
sawe
and
handeled
the
piece
of
golde
.
And
wheras
here
I
speake
of
a
pounde
,
I
doo
not
meane
the
common
pounde
,
but
the
summe
of
the
ducate
of
golde
,
with
the
coyne
cauled
Triens
,
which
is
the
thyrde
parte
of
a
pounde
,
whiche
they
caule
Pesus
.
Pesus
.
The
sum
of
the
weyght
hereof
,
the
Spanyardes
caule
Castellanum
Aureum
.
Al
the
golde
that
is
dygged
in
the
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
and
Porte
Regale
,
The
fynynge
and
〈…〉
of
go●de
.
is
caryed
to
the
towre
of
Conception
,
where
shoppes
with
al
thynges
apperteyninge
are
redy
furnysshed
to
fyne
it
,
melte
it
,
and
caste
it
into
wedges
.
That
doone
,
they
take
the
kynges
portion
therof
,
whiche
is
the
fyfte
parte
,
and
soo
restore
to
euery
man
his
owne
whiche
he
gotte
with
his
labour
.
But
the
golde
whiche
is
fownde
in
saynt
Christophers
myne
and
the
Region
there
aboute
,
is
caryed
to
the
shoppes
whiche
are
in
the
vylage
cauled
Bonauentura
.
In
these
twoo
shoppes
,
is
molten
yerely
,
aboue
three
hundreth
thousand
pounde
weight
of
golde
.
Three
hundreth
thousand
weyght
of
gold
molten
yerely
〈◊〉
●ispaniola
.
If
any
man
bee
knowen
deceatefully
to
keepe
backe
any
portion
of
golde
,
whereof
he
hathe
not
made
the
kynges
officers
pryuie
,
he
forfiteth
the
same
for
a
fyne
.
There
chaunce
amonge
them
often
tymes
many
contentions
and
controuersies
,
Controuerses
the
whiche
onlesse
the
magistrates
of
the
Ilande
doo
fynysshe
,
the
ease
is
remoued
by
applelation
to
the
hyghe
counsayle
of
the
courte
,
from
whose
sentence
it
is
not
lawfull
to
appele
in
all
the
dominions
of
Castyle
.
But
lette
vs
nowe
returne
to
the
newe
landes
frome
whense
wee
haue
digressed
.
The
newe
landes
.
They
are
innumerable
,
dyuers
,
and
exceadynge
fortunate
.
Wherfore
the
Spanyardes
in
these
owre
dayes
,
and
theyr
noble
enterpryses
,
The
Spanyardes
noble
enterpryses
.
are
not
inferiour
to
the
actes
of
hercules
or
Saturnus
.
&c.
doo
not
gyue
place
eyther
to
the
factes
of
Saturnus
,
or
Hercules
,
or
any
other
of
the
ancient
princes
of
famous
memorie
which
were
canonized
amonge
the
goddes
cauled
Heroes
for
theyr
searchinge
of
newe
landes
and
regions
,
&
bringinge
the
same
to
better
culture
and
ciuilitie
.
Oh
God
:
howe
large
and
farre
shal
owre
posteritie
see
the
Christian
Religion
extended
?
Enlarging
of
the
Christian
Religion
Howe
large
a
campe
haue
they
nowe
to
wander
in
,
whiche
by
the
trewe
nobilitie
that
is
in
theym
,
or
mooued
by
vertue
,
wyll
attempte
eyther
to
deserue
lyke
prayse
amonge
men
,
or
reputacion
of
well
doinge
before
god
.
What
I
conceaue
in
my
mynde
of
these
thynges
,
The
originall
of
trewe
nobilitie
.
I
am
not
able
to
expresse
with
penne
or
tonge
.
I
wyll
nowe
therfore
soo
make
an
ende
of
this
perpendiculer
conclusion
of
the
hole
Decade
,
as
myndinge
hereafter
to
searche
and
gather
euery
thynge
particulerlye
,
that
I
maye
at
further
leasure
wryte
the
same
more
at
large
.
For
Colonus
the
Admiral
with
foure
shyppes
,
and
a
hundreth
threescore
and
tenne
men
appoynted
by
the
kynge
,
discouered
in
the
yeare
of
Christe
.1520
.
the
lande
ouer
ageynste
the
weste
corner
●f
Cuba
,
distant
from
the
same
aboute
a
hundreth
and
thirtie
leaques
:
In
the
myddest
of
which
tracte
,
lyeth
an
Ilande
cauled
Guanassa
.
The
Ilande
of
Guanassa
From
hense
he
directed
his
vyage
backewarde
towarde
the
Easte
by
the
shore
of
that
coast
,
supposinge
that
he
shulde
haue
founde
the
coastes
of
Paria
:
but
it
chaunced
otherwyse
.
It
is
sayd
also
that
Vincentius
Agnes
(
of
whom
we
haue
spoken
before
)
and
one
Iohannes
Diaz
(
with
dyuers
other
of
whose
vyages
I
haue
as
yet
no
certeyne
knowleage
)
haue
ouer
runne
those
coastes
.
The
vyage
of
Iohannes
Diaz
.
But
if
God
graunt
me
life
,
I
trust
to
know
the
truthe
hereof
and
to
aduertise
yowe
of
the
same
.
Thus
fare
ye
well
.
¶
The
seconde
Decade
foloweth
.
¶
THE
FYRST
BOOKE
OF
THE
SECONDE
Decade
,
to
Leo
bysshop
of
Rome
,
the
tenthe
of
that
name
,
of
the
supposed
Continent
or
firme
lande
.
SENSE
the
tyme
that
Galeatius
Butrigarius
of
Bononie
,
and
Iohannes
Cursius
of
Florence
(
moste
holye
father
)
came
to
the
catholyke
kynge
of
Spayne
,
the
one
,
of
yowre
holynes
ambasage
,
and
thother
for
th
affaires
of
his
common
welth
,
I
was
euer
for
the
moste
parte
in
theyr
coompanie
,
and
for
theyr
vertues
and
wysedoome
,
had
theym
in
greate
reuerence
.
And
wheras
they
were
greatly
gyuen
to
studye
,
and
continuall
reuoluinge
of
dyuers
autours
,
they
chaunced
vppon
certeyne
bookes
negligently
let
slyppe
owte
of
my
handes
,
entreatinge
of
the
large
landes
and
Regions
hetherto
lyinge
hyd
,
and
almost
west
Antipodes
,
west
Antipodes
.
fownde
of
late
by
the
Spanyardes
.
Yet
beinge
allured
and
delited
with
the
newenes
and
strangenes
of
the
matter
althowgh
rudely
adourned
,
they
commended
the
same
:
Therwith
ernestely
desyringe
me
in
theyr
owne
names
,
and
requyring
me
in
the
name
of
yowr
holynes
,
to
adde
here
vnto
all
suche
thynges
as
were
fownde
after
that
tyme
,
and
to
gyue
them
a
copie
thereof
to
sende
to
yowre
holynes
,
that
yowe
myght
therby
vnderstande
,
bothe
howe
greate
commoditie
is
chaunced
to
the
progenye
of
mankynde
,
as
also
increase
of
the
militante
congregation
in
these
owre
dayes
,
The
●ncrea●e
of
the
Christian
congregation
.
by
the
fortunate
enterpryses
of
the
kynges
of
Spayne
.
For
lyke
as
rased
or
vnpaynted
tables
,
are
apte
to
receaue
what
formes
soo
euer
are
fyrst
drawen
theron
by
the
hande
of
the
paynter
,
euen
soo
these
naked
and
simple
people
,
doo
soone
receaue
the
customes
of
owre
Religion
,
and
by
conuersation
with
owre
men
,
shake
of
theyr
fierce
and
natiue
barbarousnes
.
I
haue
thowght
it
good
therefore
to
satisfie
the
request
of
these
wyse
men
,
especially
vsinge
th
autoritie
of
yowre
name
,
wherunto
not
to
haue
obeyed
,
I
shulde
esteeme
my selfe
to
haue
commytted
a
heynous
offence
.
Wherefore
I
wyl
nowe
brefely
reherse
in
order
,
what
hyd
coastes
the
Spanyardes
ouerranne
,
who
were
the
autours
therof
,
where
they
rested
,
what
further
hope
they
browght
,
and
fynallye
what
great
thynges
those
tractes
of
landes
doo
promesse
in
tyme
to
coome
.
In
the
declaration
of
my
decade
of
the
Ocean
,
which
is
nowe
printed
and
dispersed
throwghowte
Christendome
vnwares
to
me
,
I
described
howe
Christophorus
Colonus
fownde
those
Ilandes
wherof
we
haue
spoken
,
Christophorus
Colonus
.
and
that
turnynge
from
thense
towarde
the
lefte
hande
southwarde
,
he
chaunced
into
greate
regions
of
landes
,
and
large
seas
,
distant
from
the
Equinoctial
lyne
,
onely
from
fyue
degrees
to
tenne
:
Of
landes
distante
from
the
Equinoctiall
from
fyue
degrees
to
ten
.
where
he
founde
brode
ryuers
and
exceadinge
hygh
mountaynes
couered
with
snowe
and
harde
by
the
sea
bankes
,
where
were
many
commodious
and
quyet
hauens
.
But
Colonus
being
now
departed
owte
of
this
lyfe
,
The
death
of
Colonus
.
the
kynge
beganne
to
take
care
,
howe
those
landes
myght
be
inhabited
with
Christian
men
to
th
increase
of
owre
fayth
:
Where
vppon
he
gaue
licence
by
his
letters
patentes
to
al
such
as
wolde
take
the
matter
in
hand
,
A
generall
lycence
.
and
especially
to
twoo
,
wherof
Diego
Nicuesa
was
one
,
and
the
other
was
Alphonsus
Fogeda
.
The
nauigation
of
Alphonsus
Fogeda
.
Wherfore
aboute
the
Ides
of
December
,
Alphonsus
departinge
fyrst
with
three
hundreth
souldiers
from
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
(
in
the
which
wee
sayde
the
Spanyardes
had
builded
a
citie
,
and
planted
theyr
habitacion
)
and
saylynge
in
maner
full
southe
,
he
came
to
one
of
the
hauens
founde
before
whiche
Colonus
named
Portus
Carthaginis
,
Portus
Carthaginis
.
bothe
bycause
of
the
Ilande
standynge
ageynste
the
course
of
the
streame
,
&
also
that
by
reason
of
the
largenes
of
the
place
and
bendynge
sydes
,
it
is
muche
lyke
to
the
hauen
of
Spaine
cauled
Carthago
.
Thinhabitantes
caule
the
Ilande
Codego
,
as
the
Spanyardes
caule
the
Ilande
of
theyr
hauen
,
Scombria
.
This
Region
is
cauled
of
the
inhabitantes
Caramairi
:
The
Region
of
Caramairi
.
In
the
which
they
affirme
bothe
the
men
and
women
to
bee
of
goodly
stature
,
People
of
goodly
stature
but
naked
.
The
men
haue
theyr
heare
cutte
rownde
by
theyr
eares
,
but
the
women
were
it
longe
.
Bothe
the
men
and
women
are
very
good
archers
.
Owre
men
fownde
certen
trees
in
this
prouince
,
which
bore
greate
plentie
of
sweete
apples
,
but
hurteful
,
for
they
turne
into
wormes
when
they
are
eaten
.
Apples
whiche
turne
into
woo●mes
.
Especially
the
shadowe
of
the
tree
,
A
tree
whose
shadowe
is
hurtfull
.
is
contagious
,
for
suche
as
sleepe
vnder
it
any
tyme
,
haue
theyr
headdes
swolne
and
lose
theyr
sight
.
But
if
they
sleepe
but
a
whyle
,
theyr
syght
commeth
ageyne
after
a
fewe
dayes
.
This
porte
is
dystant
foure
hundreth
fyftie
and
syxe
myles
from
that
parte
of
Hispaniola
which
the
Spanyardes
caule
Beata
,
in
the
which
also
they
furnysshe
them selues
when
they
prepare
anye
vyage
to
seeke
other
newe
landes
.
When
Fogeda
had
entered
into
the
hauen
,
Fogeda
his
autoritie
confirmed
by
the
kynges
letters
patents
.
he
inuaded
,
slewe
,
and
spoyled
the
people
,
whome
he
founde
naked
and
scattered
.
For
they
were
gyuen
hym
for
a
praye
,
by
the
kynges
letters
patentes
bycause
they
hadde
bin
before
tyme
cruel
ageynst
the
Christians
,
and
coulde
neuer
bee
allured
to
permytte
them
quietly
to
coome
within
theyr
dominions
.
Here
they
founde
gold
,
but
in
no
greate
quantitie
,
nor
yet
that
pure
.
They
make
of
it
,
certeyne
brest
plates
and
brooches
,
which
they
weare
for
coomelynes
.
But
Fogeda
not
content
with
these
spoyles
,
vsinge
certeyne
captiues
whiche
he
had
taken
before
,
for
guydes
,
entered
into
a
vyllage
twelue
myles
distante
frome
the
sea
syde
further
into
the
lande
,
into
the
whiche
they
were
fledde
whom
he
fyrst
inuaded
.
warlyke
people
.
Here
he
founde
a
naked
people
,
but
apte
to
warre
.
For
they
were
armed
with
targettes
,
shieldes
,
longe
swoordes
made
of
wood
,
and
bowes
with
arrowes
typte
with
bone
,
or
hardened
with
fyer
.
As
soone
as
they
had
espyed
owre
men
,
they
with
their
gestes
whom
they
had
receaued
,
assayled
them
with
desperate
myndes
,
beinge
therto
more
ernestly
prouoked
,
beholding
the
calamitie
of
these
whiche
fledde
vnto
theym
,
by
the
violence
doone
to
theyr
women
and
chyldren
,
in
the
spoyle
and
slawghter
.
In
this
conflicte
owre
men
had
the
otherthrowe
:
The
Spanyardes
haue
the
ou●rthrowe
.
In
the
which
,
one
Iohannes
de
Lacossa
(
beinge
in
autoritie
nexte
vnto
Fogeda
the
capitayne
,
and
also
the
fyrste
that
gathered
golde
in
the
sandes
of
Vraba
)
was
slayne
with
fyftie
souldiers
.
For
these
people
infecte
theyr
arrowes
with
the
deadly
poyson
of
a
certeyne
herbe
.
Arrowes
infected
with
poyson
.
The
other
with
theyr
capitayne
Fogeda
beinge
discomfited
,
fledde
to
the
shyppes
.
Whyle
they
remayned
thus
in
the
hauen
of
Carthago
sorowfull
and
pensyue
for
the
losse
of
their
companions
,
the
other
capitayne
Diego
Nicuesa
,
The
nauigation
of
Diego
Nicuesa
.
(
whom
they
lefte
in
Hispaniola
,
preparyng
hym selfe
towarde
the
vyage
in
the
hauen
Beata
)
came
to
theim
with
fyue
shippes
and
seuen
hundrethe
foure
score
and
fyfteene
menne
.
For
the
greater
number
of
souldyers
,
folowed
Nicuesa
,
both
bycause
free
libertie
was
gyuen
them
to
choose
which
of
the
capytaynes
them
lyst
,
and
also
that
by
reason
of
his
age
,
he
was
of
greater
autoritie
:
But
especially
bycause
the
rumoure
was
that
Beragua
beinge
by
the
kynges
commission
appoynted
to
Nicuesa
,
The
regions
of
vraba
and
●eragua
.
was
rycher
in
golde
then
Vraba
assigned
to
Alphonsus
Fogeda
.
Therfore
,
at
the
arryuall
of
Nicuesa
,
they
consulted
what
was
beste
to
bee
doone
:
And
determyned
fyrste
to
reuenge
the
deathe
of
their
felowes
.
Where
vppon
,
settynge
theyr
battayle
in
arraye
,
they
marched
in
the
nyght
towarde
them
whiche
slewe
Cossa
with
his
coompanyons
,
The
Spanyardes
reuenge
the
death
of
theyr
companyons
.
Thus
stealynge
on
them
vnwares
in
the
last
watche
of
the
nyght
,
and
encoompasinge
the
vyllage
where
they
laye
,
consistynge
of
a
hundreth
howses
and
more
,
hauynge
also
in
it
thryse
as
many
of
theyr
neyghbours
as
of
them selues
,
they
set
it
on
fyer
,
with
diligent
watche
that
none
myght
escape
.
And
thus
in
shorte
tyme
they
browght
theym
and
theyr
howses
to
asshes
,
and
made
them
pay
the
raunsome
of
bludde
with
bludde
.
A
greate
slawghter
.
For
of
a
greate
multitude
of
men
and
women
,
they
spared
onely
syxe
chyldren
,
al
other
being
destroyed
with
fyer
or
sword
except
fewe
which
escaped
priuilye
.
They
lerned
by
the
reserued
chyldren
,
that
Cossa
and
his
felowes
were
cutte
in
pieces
and
eaten
of
them
that
slewe
them
.
By
reason
wherof
,
they
suppose
that
these
people
of
Caramairi
tooke
theyr
originall
of
the
Caribes
otherwyse
cauled
Canibales
.
Canibales
.
Here
they
founde
sume
golde
amonge
the
asshes
.
For
the
hunger
of
golde
,
The
hunger
of
golde
.
dyd
noo
lesse
encorage
owr
men
to
aduenture
these
perels
and
labours
then
dyd
the
possessynge
of
the
landes
.
These
thynges
thus
fynysshed
,
and
the
death
of
Cossa
and
his
felowes
reuenged
,
they
returned
to
the
hauen
.
After
this
,
Fogeda
whiche
came
fyrst
,
fyrst
lykewyse
departinge
with
his
army
to
seeke
Vraba
,
commytted
to
his
gouernaunce
,
sayled
by
an
Ilande
cauled
Fortis
,
The
Ilande
Fo●tis
.
lyinge
in
the
mydwaye
betwene
Vraba
and
the
hauen
of
Carthago
.
In
to
the
which
descendinge
,
he
fownde
it
to
bee
an
Ilande
of
the
Canybales
,
brynginge
with
hym
frome
thense
two
men
and
seuen
women
:
for
the
residue
escaped
.
Here
he
fownde
in
the
cotages
of
them
that
fledde
,
a
hundrethe
foure
score
and
tenne
drammes
of
golde
,
caste
and
wrought
in
dyuers
formes
.
wrought
gold
Saylynge
forwarde
from
hense
,
he
came
to
the
Easte
coastes
of
Vraba
,
whiche
th
inhabitantes
caule
Caribana
,
Caribana
.
from
whense
the
Caribes
or
Canibales
of
the
Ilandes
are
sayde
to
haue
theyr
name
and
originall
.
Here
he
beganne
to
buylde
a
fortresse
,
and
a
vyllage
nere
vnto
the
same
,
therein
intendynge
to
place
theyr
fyrst
habitacion
.
Shortly
after
,
beinge
instructed
by
certeyne
captyues
that
there
was
aboute
twelue
myles
further
within
the
lande
,
a
certeyne
vyllage
cauled
Tirufi
,
hauinge
in
it
a
ryche
golde
myne
,
A
gold
myne
.
he
determyned
to
destroye
the
vylage
.
To
the
which
when
he
came
,
he
fownde
th
inhabitantes
redye
to
defende
theyr
ryght
:
The
Spanyardes
are
repulsed
.
And
that
soo
stoutly
,
that
encounteryng
with
them
,
he
was
repulsed
with
shame
and
domage
.
For
these
people
also
,
vse
bowes
and
venemous
arrowes
.
within
a
fewe
dayes
after
,
beinge
enforsed
for
lacke
of
vytales
to
inuade
an
other
vyllage
,
he
hym selfe
was
stryken
in
the
thyghe
with
an
arrowe
.
Fogeda
i●
wounded
.
Sume
of
his
felowes
say
,
that
he
was
thus
wounded
of
one
of
th
inhabytantes
whose
wyfe
he
had
ledde
awaye
captiue
before
.
They
say
also
that
he
had
first
frendly
comoned
with
Fogeda
for
redemynge
of
his
wyfe
,
&
had
appoynted
a
day
to
brynge
a
portion
of
golde
for
her
raunsome
:
Ransome
.
And
that
he
came
at
the
daye
assigned
,
not
laden
with
golde
,
but
armed
with
bowes
and
arrowes
,
with
eyght
other
confetherate
with
hym
,
whiche
had
bin
before
partetakers
of
the
iniuries
doone
to
them
first
at
the
hauen
of
Carthago
,
and
afterward
at
the
burnyng
of
the
vyllage
.
In
reuenge
wherof
they
had
desperatly
consecrated
them selues
to
death
.
But
the
matter
beinge
knowen
,
the
captayne
of
this
conspiracie
was
slayne
of
Fogeda
his
coompanyons
,
and
his
wyfe
deteyned
in
captiuitie
.
Fogeda
also
throwgh
the
maliciousnes
of
the
veneme
,
consumed
and
was
dryed
vp
by
lyttle
&
lyttle
.
Whyle
these
thynges
chaunced
thus
,
they
espyed
Nicuesa
the
other
capitayne
to
whom
Baragua
the
region
of
the
weste
syde
of
Vraba
,
Fogeda
consumeth
by
force
of
the
Beragua
and
Uraba
.
was
assigned
to
inhabite
.
He
gaue
wynde
to
his
sayles
to
take
his
vyage
towarde
Beragua
,
the
day
after
that
Fogeda
departed
owte
of
the
hauen
of
Car●hago
.
Nicuesa
.
He
with
his
army
which
he
browght
with
hym
,
coasted
euer
alonge
by
the
shore
vntyll
he
came
to
the
goulfe
Coiba
,
The
goulfe
Coiba
.
whose
kynges
name
is
Careta
.
Here
he
founde
theyr
language
to
bee
in
maner
nothynge
lyke
vnto
that
of
Hispaniola
or
of
the
hauen
of
Carthago
:
wherby
he
perceaued
that
in
this
tracte
there
are
many
languages
differinge
from
theyr
owne
bortherers
.
Dyuers
languages
.
Nicuesa
departinge
frome
Coiba
,
wente
to
the
prouince
or
Lieuetenauntshippe
of
Fogeda
his
companion
.
Within
a
fewe
dayes
after
he
hym selfe
enteringe
into
one
of
those
marchaunt
shippes
whiche
the
Spanyardes
caule
Carauelas
,
commaunded
that
the
bygger
vessels
,
shulde
folowe
farre
behynde
.
He
tooke
with
hym
twoo
smaule
shyppes
commenly
cauled
bergantines
or
brygantynes
.
Bergantines
or
brigāt●nes
.
I
haue
thowght
it
good
in
all
the
discourse
of
these
bookes
,
to
vse
the
common
names
of
thinges
,
bicause
I
had
rather
bee
playne
then
curious
:
especially
forasmuche
as
there
doo
dayly
aryse
manye
newe
thynges
vnknowen
to
the
antiquitie
,
wherof
they
haue
lefte
noo
trewe
names
.
After
the
departure
of
Nicuesa
,
there
came
a
shyppe
from
Hispaniola
to
Fogeda
,
the
capitayne
wherof
,
was
one
Barnardino
de
Calauera
,
Barnardino
de
〈◊〉
.
who
had
stoulne
the
same
from
Hispaniola
with
three
score
men
,
withowte
leaue
or
aduice
of
the
Admirall
and
the
other
gouernours
.
With
the
vytayles
whiche
this
shippe
browg●t
they
refresshed
theym selues
and
sumewhat
recouered
theyr
strengthes
muche
weakened
for
lacke
of
meate
,
Fogeda
his
companyons
whyspered
and
muttered
ageynste
hym
daylye
more
and
more
,
that
he
fedde
them
furthe
with
vayne
hope
.
For
he
had
towlde
them
that
he
left
Ancisus
in
Hispaniola
(
whom
he
chose
by
the
kynges
commission
to
bee
a
Iudge
in
causes
,
Ancisus
.
bycause
he
was
lerned
in
the
lawe
)
to
coome
shortly
after
him
with
a
shippe
laden
with
vytayles
:
And
that
he
marueyled
that
he
was
not
coome
many
dayes
sense
.
And
herein
he
said
nothinge
but
trewth
.
For
when
he
departed
,
he
lefte
Ancisus
halfe
redy
to
folowe
hym
.
But
his
felowes
supposinge
that
all
that
he
sayde
of
Ancisus
had
byn
fayned
,
sume
of
them
determyned
priuilie
to
steale
away
the
twoo
brigantynes
frome
Fogeda
,
and
to
returne
to
Hispaniola
.
But
Fogeda
hauing
knowleage
hereof
,
preuented
theyr
diuise
.
For
leauynge
the
custodie
of
the
fortresse
with
a
certeyne
noble
gentelman
cauled
Francisco
Pizarro
,
he
hym selfe
thus
wounded
,
with
a
fewe
other
in
his
companie
,
entered
into
the
shyppe
wherof
we
spake
before
,
and
sayled
directly
to
Hispaniola
,
Fogeda
returneth
to
hispaniola
.
both
to
heale
the
wound
of
his
thygh
if
any
remedy
myght
bee
found
,
&
also
to
knowe
what
was
the
cause
of
Ancisus
taryinge
:
Leauing
hope
with
his
felowes
(
which
were
nowe
browght
from
three
hundreth
to
three
score
,
partly
by
famyne
and
partly
by
warre
)
that
he
wolde
returne
within
the
space
of
.xv.
dayes
:
Famyne
prescribyng
also
a
condition
to
Pizarro
and
his
companions
,
that
it
shulde
not
bee
imputed
to
them
for
treason
to
departe
from
thense
if
he
came
not
ageyne
at
the
day
appoynted
with
vytayles
and
a
newe
supply
of
men
.
These
.xv.
dayes
beinge
nowe
paste
,
whereas
they
coulde
yet
heare
nothynge
of
Fogeda
,
and
were
dayly
more
and
more
oppressed
with
sharpe
hunger
,
they
entered
into
the
twoo
brigantynes
which
were
lefte
,
and
departed
from
that
land
.
And
as
they
were
nowe
saylynge
on
the
mayne
sea
towarde
Hispaniola
,
a
tempeste
soodeynly
arysynge
,
A
brigantine
drowned
with
the
stroke
of
a
fyshe
.
swalowed
one
of
the
brygantynes
with
all
that
were
therein
.
Sum
of
theyr
felowes
affirme
that
they
playnely
sawe
a
fyshe
of
houge
greatenes
swymmyng
abowte
the
brygantyne
(
for
those
seas
brynge
furthe
greate
monsters
)
and
that
with
a
stroke
of
her
tayle
,
shee
broke
the
rudder
of
the
shyppe
in
peeces
:
which
faylynge
,
the
brigantine
beinge
dryuen
abowt
by
force
of
the
tempest
,
was
drowned
not
farre
from
the
Ilande
cauled
Fortis
,
The
Ilande
Fortis
.
lyinge
betwene
the
coastes
of
the
hauen
Carthago
and
Vraba
.
As
they
of
the
other
brygantyne
wolde
haue
landed
in
the
Ilande
,
they
were
dryuen
backe
with
the
bowes
and
arrowes
of
the
fierce
barbarians
.
Proceadynge
therfore
on
theyr
vyage
,
they
mette
by
chaunce
with
Ancisus
betweene
the
hauen
of
Carthago
,
Ancisus
.
and
the
Region
of
Cuchibacoa
in
the
mouthe
of
the
ryuer
whiche
the
Spanyardes
cauled
Boium
gatti
,
The
Region
of
Cuchibacoa
.
Boium
gatti
.
that
is
,
the
house
of
the
catte
,
bycause
they
sawe
a
catte
first
in
that
place
:
and
Boium
,
in
the
toonge
of
Hispaniola
,
is
a
house
.
Ancisus
came
with
a
shyppe
laden
with
all
thynges
necessarye
,
bothe
for
meate
and
drynke
,
and
apparell
,
bryngynge
also
with
hym
an
other
brigantine
.
This
is
he
for
whose
comming
the
capitayne
Fogeda
looked
for
soo
longe
.
He
loosed
anker
from
Hispaniola
in
the
Ides
of
September
:
And
the
fourth
day
after
his
departure
,
he
espyed
certeyne
hyghe
mountaynes
,
Mountaynes
couered
with
snowe
.
the
whiche
for
the
abundance
of
snowe
which
lyeth
continually
in
the
toppes
therof
,
the
Spanyardes
cauled
Serra
Neuata
,
Serra
Neuata
.
when
Colonus
the
fyrst
fynder
of
those
Regions
passed
by
the
same
.
The
fyfte
daye
,
he
sayled
by
O●
Draconis
.
Os
Draconis
.
They
whiche
were
in
the
brygantyne
,
towlde
Ancisus
that
Fogeda
was
returned
to
Hispaniola
.
But
Ancisus
supposing
that
they
had
fayned
that
tale
,
commaunded
them
by
th
autoritie
of
his
commission
to
turne
backe
ageyne
.
The
brigantiners
obeyed
and
folowed
hym
:
yet
made
they
humble
sute
vnto
hym
that
he
woolde
graunte
them
that
with
his
fauour
they
myght
eyther
goo
ageyne
to
Hispaniola
,
or
that
he
hym selfe
woolde
brynge
theim
to
Nicuesa
:
And
that
they
woolde
for
his
gentelnes
declared
towarde
them
in
this
behalfe
,
rewarde
hym
with
twoo
thousande
drammes
of
golde
.
For
they
were
ryche
in
golde
,
but
poore
in
breade
.
Riche
in
gold
and
pore
in
breade
.
But
Ancisus
assented
to
neyther
of
theyr
requestes
:
affirmynge
that
he
myght
by
no
meanes
goo
anye
other
way
then
to
Vraba
the
prouince
assigned
to
Fogeda
.
Where
vppon
,
by
theyr
conduct
,
he
tooke
his
vyage
directly
toward
Vraba
.
But
nowe
let
it
not
seme
tedious
to
yowre
holynes
to
heare
of
one
thyng
worthy
to
bee
remembred
,
which
chaunced
to
this
Lieuetenaunt
Ancisus
as
he
came
thether
.
For
he
also
cast
anker
in
the
coastes
of
the
region
of
Caramairi
whiche
wee
sayde
to
bee
famous
by
reason
of
the
hauen
of
Carthago
:
The
Region
of
Caramairi
and
of
the
goodly
stature
,
strength
,
and
beawty
of
both
men
and
women
beinge
in
the
same
.
Here
he
sent
certeyne
to
goo
alande
on
the
shore
,
both
to
fetche
fresshe
water
,
and
also
to
repaire
the
shippe
boate
which
was
sore
broosed
.
In
this
meane
tyme
A
greate
multitude
of
the
people
of
the
countrey
armed
after
theyr
maner
,
Feare
on
both
partes
.
came
aboute
owre
men
as
they
were
occupied
abowte
theyr
busynes
,
and
stoode
in
a
redynes
to
feight
,
for
the
space
of
three
dayes
contynually
:
durynge
whiche
tyme
,
neyther
durst
they
set
vppon
owre
men
,
nor
owre
men
assayle
them
.
Thus
bothe
parties
keepynge
theyr
arraye
,
stoode
styl
three
hole
dayes
the
one
gasynge
on
the
other
.
Yet
all
this
tyme
owre
men
applyed
theyr
woorke
,
placinge
the
shippewrightes
in
the
myddeste
of
theyr
armye
.
Ship
w●yghtes
.
As
they
stoode
thus
amased
,
twoo
of
owre
coompanye
wente
to
fyll
theyr
water
pottes
at
the
mouthe
of
the
ryuer
nere
vnto
them
both
,
where
soodenly
there
came
furthe
ageynste
them
a
capitayne
of
the
barbarians
with
ten
armed
men
which
inclosed
them
,
&
with
terrible
countenaunce
bent
theyr
arrowes
ageynste
them
,
but
shotte
theym
not
of
.
One
of
owre
men
fledde
:
but
the
other
remayned
,
caulynge
his
felowe
ageyne
and
rebukynge
hym
for
his
fearefulnes
.
Then
he
spake
to
the
barbarians
in
their
owne
language
which
he
had
lerned
beinge
conuersant
with
the
captiues
that
were
caryed
from
thense
longe
before
.
They
marueylynge
to
here
a
straunger
speake
in
their
natiue
tonge
,
put
of
theyr
fiercenes
and
fell
to
frendly
communication
,
demaundinge
who
were
the
capitaynes
of
that
coompanie
whiche
were
arryued
in
theyr
lande
.
He
answered
that
they
were
strangers
passyng
by
:
And
that
he
marueyled
why
they
wold
attempte
to
dryue
them
from
theyr
coastes
and
disturbe
theyr
shyppes
:
arguinge
theim
of
follye
and
crueltie
,
and
further
threatinge
their
ruine
and
destruction
,
except
they
woold
vse
them selues
more
frendely
towarde
them
.
For
hee
aduertised
them
that
there
wolde
shortly
coome
into
theyr
lande
armed
men
,
in
nomber
lyke
to
the
sandes
of
the
sea
:
And
that
to
theyrter
destruction
,
not
only
if
they
resysted
them
not
,
but
also
excepte
they
receaued
them
and
enterteyned
them
honorably
.
In
the
meane
tyme
Ancisus
was
enformed
that
his
men
were
deteyned
.
Wherefore
suspectinge
sume
deceate
,
he
browght
furth
al
his
target
men
for
feare
of
theyr
venemous
arrowes
:
The
vse
of
targettes
agenst
venemous
arrowes
.
And
settinge
them
in
battell
arraye
,
he
marched
forwarde
towarde
them
which
steyed
his
men
.
But
he
which
communed
with
the
barbarians
,
gyuinge
him
a
signe
with
his
hande
to
procede
noo
further
,
he
steyed
.
And
cauling
to
hym
the
other
,
he
knewe
that
all
was
safe
.
For
the
barbarians
profered
him
peace
,
bycause
they
were
not
they
whom
they
suspected
them
to
haue
byn
:
meanynge
by
Fogeda
and
Nicu●sa
,
who
had
spoyled
the
vyllage
standinge
there
by
the
sea
syde
,
and
caryed
away
many
captiues
,
and
also
burnte
an
other
vyllage
further
within
the
lande
.
And
therefore
(
as
they
sayde
)
the
cause
of
theyr
comminge
thether
,
was
to
reuenge
those
iniuries
,
if
by
any
meanes
they
coulde
.
The
barbarian●
haue
respect
to
iustice
Yet
that
they
woolde
not
exercyse
theyr
weapons
ageynste
the
innocente
.
For
they
sayde
it
was
vngodly
to
feyght
ageynst
any
,
not
beinge
prouoked
.
Layinge
a
parte
therefore
theyr
bowes
and
arrowes
,
they
enterteyned
owre
men
gentelly
,
and
gaue
them
greate
plentie
of
salted
fysshe
and
breade
of
theyr
contrey
:
Salted
fi●he
.
And
fylled
theyr
vessels
with
syder
made
of
theyr
contrey
frutes
and
seedes
,
wyne
of
fr●t●s
and
see●es
.
not
inferiour
to
wyne
in
goodnes
.
Thus
Ancisus
hauinge
entered
into
frendshyp
and
made
a
league
of
peace
with
th
inhabitantes
of
Caramairi
whiche
were
before
sore
prouoked
by
other
capitaynes
,
he
lanched
from
that
lande
,
and
directed
his
course
to
Vraba
by
the
Ilande
Fortis
,
Vr●●a
.
hauinge
in
his
shippe
a
hundreth
and
fyftie
fresshe
men
whiche
were
substitute
in
the
place
of
suche
as
were
deade
.
Also
twelue
mates
,
and
manye
swine
,
and
other
beastes
both
males
and
females
for
increase
.
Lykewyse
,
Art●ller●e
.
fyftie
pieces
of
ordinaunce
,
with
a
greate
multytude
of
targettes
,
swoordes
,
iauelyns
,
and
suche
other
weapons
for
the
warres
.
But
all
this
with
euyl
speede
and
in
an
euyll
houre
.
For
as
they
were
euen
nowe
enteringe
into
the
hauen
,
Ancisus
ship
w●acke
.
the
gouernour
of
the
shippe
which
satte
at
the
helme
,
stroke
the
shyppe
vppon
the
sandes
,
where
it
was
soo
fast
enclosed
,
and
beaten
with
the
waues
of
the
sea
,
that
it
opened
in
the
myddes●e
,
and
al
lost
that
was
therin
.
A
thynge
surely
miserable
to
beholde
.
For
of
all
the
vytayles
that
they
had
,
they
saued
onely
twelue
barels
of
meale
,
with
a
fewe
chieses
,
and
a
lyttle
bysket
breade
.
Meale
.
chee●es
,
&
bysket
.
For
al
the
beastes
were
drowned
:
And
they
them selues
scaped
hardly
and
halfe
naked
by
helpe
of
the
brigantine
&
ship
boate
,
caryeng
with
them
only
a
fewe
weapons
.
Thus
they
fell
from
one
calamitie
into
an
other
,
beinge
nowe
more
carefull
for
theyr
lyues
then
for
golde
.
Yet
beinge
browght
alyue
and
in
health
to
that
land
which
they
soo
greatly
desyred
,
they
coulde
doo
noo
lesse
then
to
prouide
for
the
susteynynge
of
theyr
bodyes
,
bycause
they
coulde
not
lyue
onely
by
ayer
.
And
wheras
theyr
owne
fayled
,
they
must
needes
lyue
by
other
mens
.
Yet
amonge
these
soo
many
aduersities
,
one
good
chaunce
offered
it selfe
vnto
them
.
For
they
founde
,
not
farre
from
the
sea
syde
,
a
groue
of
date
trees
,
A
groue
of
date
trees
.
amonge
the
which
,
&
also
amonge
the
reke
or
weedes
of
the
maryshes
,
they
espyed
a
multitude
of
wylde
bores
,
wylde
bores
.
with
whose
fleshe
they
fed
the
selues
wel
certeine
dayes
.
These
they
say
to
bee
lesse
then
owres
:
And
with
soo
shorte
tayles
,
that
they
thought
they
had
byn
cutte
of
.
They
dyffer
also
from
owres
in
theyr
feete
:
for
theyr
hynder
feete
are
hole
vndiuided
,
and
also
withowte
any
houfe
.
But
they
affirme
that
they
haue
proued
by
experience
theyr
flesshe
to
bee
of
better
taste
&
more
holsoome
then
owres
.
Durynge
this
tyme
,
they
fedde
also
of
dates
and
the
rotes
of
younge
date
trees
,
which
they
eate
like
wyse
in
Ciuile
and
Granata
where
they
caule
them
Palmitos
,
of
the
leaues
wherof
they
make
biesomes
in
Rome
.
Sumetymes
also
,
they
eate
of
the
appels
of
that
Region
,
Apples
of
a
strange
kynd
whiche
haue
the
taste
of
prunes
,
and
haue
also
stones
in
them
,
and
are
but
lyttle
and
of
redde
coloure
.
I
suppose
them
to
bee
of
that
kynde
wherof
I
eate
in
the
citie
of
Alexandria
in
Egypt
in
the
moneth
of
Aprell
:
The
trees
wherof
,
the
Iewes
that
dwel
there
,
beinge
lerned
in
the
lawe
of
Moyses
,
affirme
to
bee
the
Ceders
of
Libane
,
Ceders
of
Libane
.
which
beare
owlde
fruites
and
newe
all
the
yeare
as
dothe
the
orange
tree
.
These
apples
are
good
to
bee
eaten
,
and
haue
a
certeyne
sweetnes
myxte
with
a
gentell
sharpnes
,
as
haue
the
frutes
cauled
Sorbes
.
Sorbes
are
cauled
in
french
Cou●●er
they
grow
not
in
Englande
.
Thinhabitantes
plant
these
trees
in
theyr
orchyardes
and
garedens
,
and
nooryshe
theym
with
greate
diligence
as
wee
doo
cheries
,
peaches
,
and
quynses
.
This
tree
in
leaues
,
heyght
,
and
trunke
,
is
verye
lyke
vnto
the
tree
that
beareth
the
frute
cauled
Zizipha
,
which
the
Apothecaries
caule
Iuiuba
.
But
wheras
now
the
wylde
bores
beganne
to
faile
them
,
they
were
ageyne
enforced
to
consulte
and
prouyde
for
the
tyme
to
coome
.
Where
vppon
with
theyr
hole
army
,
they
entered
further
into
the
land
.
The
Canibales
of
this
prouince
,
are
moste
experte
archers
.
The
frute
cauled
●i●ipha
or
Iuiuba
Canibales
.
Ano●sus
had
in
his
coompany
,
a
hundreth
men
.
They
mette
by
the
way
with
only
three
men
of
th
inhabitantes
,
naked
,
Men
of
desperat
boldnes
.
and
armed
with
bowes
and
venemous
arrowes
,
who
without
al
feare
,
assayled
owr
men
fiercely
,
wounded
manye
,
and
slewe
manye
:
And
when
they
had
emptied
theyr
quyuers
,
fledde
as
swyftely
as
the
wynde
:
For
(
as
we
haue
sayde
)
they
are
excedynge
swyfte
of
foote
by
reason
of
theyr
loose
goinge
frome
theyr
chyldes
age
They
affirme
that
they
lette
slyppe
no
arrowe
owte
of
theyr
bowes
in
vayne
.
Owre
men
therfore
returned
the
same
waye
that
they
came
,
much
more
infortunate
then
they
were
before
and
consulted
amonge
them selues
to
leaue
that
lande
:
especyally
because
th
inhabitantes
had
ouerthrowne
the
fortresse
which
Fogeda
buylded
,
and
had
burnte
thirtie
houses
of
the
vyllage
,
as
soone
as
Pizarrus
and
his
company
lefte
of
Fogeda
,
had
forsaken
the
lande
.
By
this
occasion
therefore
,
beinge
dryuen
to
seeke
further
,
they
had
intelligence
that
the
weste
syde
of
that
goulfe
of
Vraba
,
The
goulfe
of
Uraba
.
was
more
frutefull
and
better
to
inhabite
.
Wherfore
,
they
sent
the
one
halfe
of
theyr
men
thither
with
the
brigantine
,
and
lefte
the
other
nere
to
the
sea
syde
on
the
easte
p●rt
.
This
goulfe
,
is
.xxiiii.
myles
in
bredth
:
And
howe
muche
the
further
it
entereth
into
the
firme
lande
,
it
is
soo
muche
the
narower
.
Into
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
,
there
faule
many
ryuers
:
but
one
(
as
they
say
)
more
fortunate
then
the
ryuer
of
Nilus
in
Egypte
.
This
ryuer
is
cauled
Darien
,
:
The
great
ryuer
of
Darien
,
fauleth
into
the
goulfe
of
Uraba
.
vppon
the
bankes
whereof
,
beinge
verye
frutefull
of
trees
and
grasse
,
they
entended
to
playnte
their
newe
colonie
or
habitacion
.
But
th
inhabitantes
maruelynge
at
the
brygantine
beinge
bygger
then
theyr
canoas
,
and
specially
at
the
sayles
therof
,
fyrst
sente
away
theyr
chyldren
and
weakeste
sorte
of
theyr
people
with
theyr
baggage
and
housholde
stuffe
,
and
assembled
all
suche
togyther
bothe
men
and
women
,
as
were
meete
for
the
warres
:
Thus
beinge
armed
with
weapons
and
desperate
myndes
,
they
stoode
in
a
redynes
to
feight
,
and
taryed
the
comminge
of
owre
men
vppon
a
lyttle
hyl
,
as
it
were
to
take
th
aduantage
of
the
grounde
.
Owre
men
iudged
them
to
bee
aboute
fyue
hundreth
in
nomber
.
Then
Ancisus
the
capitayne
of
owre
men
,
and
Lieuetenaunt
in
the
steede
of
Fogeda
,
settinge
his
men
in
order
of
battayle
array
,
and
with
his
hole
coompany
kneelinge
on
his
knees
,
they
al
made
humble
prayers
to
god
for
the
victorie
,
and
a
vowe
to
the
Image
of
the
blessed
virgin
whiche
is
honoured
in
Ciuile
,
Prayer
and
vowes
.
by
the
name
of
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
,
promysinge
to
sende
her
manye
golden
gyftes
and
a
straunger
of
that
contrey
:
also
to
name
the
vyllage
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
after
her
name
:
lykewyse
to
●erecte
a
temple
cauled
by
the
same
name
:
or
at
the
leaste
to
dedicate
the
king
of
that
prouince
his
palaice
to
that
vse
,
if
it
shulde
please
her
to
assiste
them
in
this
daungerous
enterpryse
.
This
doone
,
al
the
souldiers
tooke
an
othe
,
The
souldiers
make
an
othe
.
that
noo
man
shulde
turne
his
backe
to
his
enemies
.
Then
the
capytayne
commaundinge
them
to
bee
in
a
redines
with
theyr
targets
and
iauelens
,
and
the
trumpyter
to
blowe
the
battayle
,
they
fiercely
a●sayled
theyr
enemyes
with
a
larome
.
But
the
naked
barbarians
,
not
longe
able
to
abyde
the
force
of
owre
men
,
were
putte
to
flyght
,
The
barbarians
are
dryuen
to
flight
.
with
theyr
kynge
and
capitayne
Cemaccus
.
Owre
men
entered
into
the
vyllage
,
where
they
fownde
plentie
of
meate
suche
as
the
people
of
the
contrey
vse
,
sufficiente
to
assuage
theyr
present
hunger
,
as
breade
made
of
rootes
,
with
certeine
fruites
vnlyke
vnto
owres
,
whiche
they
reserue
for
store
as
wee
doo
chestnuttes
.
Chestnuttes
.
Of
these
people
,
the
men
are
vtterly
naked
:
but
the
women
from
the
nauell
downewarde
,
are
couered
with
a
fyne
clothe
made
of
gossampine
cotton
.
This
Region
is
vtterly
withowte
any
sharpenes
of
wynter
.
For
the
mouthe
of
this
ryuer
of
Darien
,
is
onlye
eyght
degrees
distante
from
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
:
The
ryuer
of
Darien
,
but
viii
.
degrees
from
the
Equinoctial
.
So
that
the
commone
sorte
of
owre
men
,
scarsely
perceaue
anye
difference
in
lengthe
betwene
the
day
and
nyght
all
the
hole
yeare
.
But
bycause
they
are
ignorant
in
astronomie
,
they
can
perceaue
noo
smaule
difference
.
Therfore
wee
neede
not
much
passe
if
the
degree
do
differ
sum
what
from
theyr
opinion
,
for
asmuche
as
the
difference
can
not
bee
greate
.
The
day
after
that
they
arryued
at
the
lande
▪
they
sayled
alonge
by
the
ryuer
,
where
they
founde
a
greate
thicket
of
reedes
continuinge
for
the
space
of
a
myle
in
length
supposing
(
as
it
chaunced
in
deede
)
that
the
bortherers
there
aboute
which
had
fledde
,
had
eyther
lyne
lurkynge
there
,
or
els
to
haue
hyd
theyr
stuffe
amonge
those
reedes
:
Where
vppon
,
armynge
them selues
with
theyr
targettes
,
Golde
founde
in
a
thicket
of
reedes
.
for
feare
of
the
people
lyinge
in
ambusshe
,
they
searched
the
thicket
dilygently
,
and
founde
it
withowte
men
,
but
replenyshed
with
householde
st●ffe
and
golde
.
They
fownde
also
a
great
multitude
of
sheetes
,
made
of
the
sylke
or
cotton
of
the
gossampine
tree
.
Sheetes
of
gossampine
.
Lykewyse
dyuers
kyndes
of
vessels
and
tooles
made
of
woodde
,
and
many
of
earth
:
Also
many
breste
plates
of
gold
and
ouches
wrought
after
theyr
maner
,
Breste
plates
of
golde
.
to
the
sum
of
a
hundreth
and
twoo
pounde
weight
.
For
they
also
take
pleasure
in
the
bewtie
of
gold
,
and
worke
it
very
artificially
,
although
it
bee
not
the
price
of
thynges
amonge
them
as
with
vs
.
They
haue
it
owte
of
other
Regions
for
exchaunge
of
such
thynges
as
theyr
contrey
bringeth
furthe
.
For
suche
Regions
as
haue
plentie
of
breade
and
gossampine
,
lacke
golde
:
And
suche
as
brynge
furth
golde
,
are
for
the
most
parte
rowght
with
montaynes
and
rockes
,
and
therfore
baren
.
The
golden
Reg●on●
are
for
the
moste
pa●te
baren
.
And
thus
they
exercise
marchandies
withowte
the
vse
of
money
.
Reioysing
therfore
with
double
gladdenes
,
aswell
in
that
they
sawe
greate
lykenes
of
golde
,
as
also
that
fortune
hadde
offered
them
soo
fayre
and
frutefull
a
contrey
,
they
sent
for
theyr
felowes
whom
they
hadde
lefte
before
in
the
easte
syde
of
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
,
Yet
sume
saye
that
the
ayer
is
there
vnholsome
,
bycause
that
parte
of
the
Region
lyethe
in
a
lowe
valley
enuironed
with
mountaynes
and
marysshes
.
¶
The
seconde
booke
of
the
seconde
decade
,
of
the
supposed
continente
.
I
Haue
described
to
yowre
holynes
where
Fogeda
with
his
coompany
(
to
whome
the
large
tractes
of
Vraba
was
assigned
to
inhabite
)
intended
to
fasten
there
foote
.
Fogeda
,
the
Lieuetenaunt
of
Uraba
.
Lette
vs
nowe
therfore
leaue
them
of
Vraba
for
a
whyle
,
and
returne
ageyne
to
Nicuesa
to
whom
the
gouernaunce
and
Lieuetenaunteshippe
of
the
moste
large
prouince
of
Beragua
(
beinge
the
weste
syde
of
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
)
was
appoynted
.
Nicuesa
the
Lieuetenaunt
of
Beragua
.
We
haue
declared
howe
Nicuesa
departinge
with
one
carauell
and
twoo
brigantines
frome
Vraba
the
iurisdiction
of
his
frende
and
companyon
Fogeda
,
directed
his
course
westwarde
to
Beragua
,
leauinge
the
bygger
shippes
sumewhat
behynde
hym
,
Nicuesa
loste
his
felowes
in
the
night
.
to
folowe
hym
a
farre
of
.
But
he
tooke
this
diuise
in
an
euyll
howre
.
For
he
bothe
loste
his
felowes
in
the
nyght
,
and
went
past
the
mouth
of
the
ryuer
of
Beragua
,
which
he
chiefely
sowght
.
One
Lupus
Olanus
a
Cantabrian
,
Lupus
Olanus
and
gouernoure
of
one
of
the
greate
shippes
,
had
the
conducte
of
one
of
the
brigantines
.
He
commynge
behynde
,
lerned
of
th
inhabitantes
which
was
the
waye
Eastewarde
to
the
goulfe
of
Beragua
ouer
passed
and
lefte
behynde
of
Nicuesa
.
Olanus
therfore
directinge
his
course
towarde
the
Easte
,
mette
with
the
other
brigantine
which
had
also
wandered
owte
of
the
way
by
reason
of
the
darkenes
of
the
nyght
.
The
gouernour
of
this
brigantine
,
was
one
Petrus
de
Vmbria
.
Petrus
de
vmbria
Thus
bothe
beinge
gladde
of
theyr
meetinge
,
they
consulted
what
was
best
to
bee
doone
,
and
which
way
they
coulde
coniecture
their
gouernour
had
taken
his
vyage
.
The
capitaynes
consu●te
where
to
find
theyr
lost
gouernour
.
After
deliberation
,
they
iudged
that
Nicuesa
could
no
more
lacke
sum
to
put
him
in
rememberaunce
of
Beragua
,
then
they
them selues
were
myndful
therof
,
hopynge
also
to
fynde
hym
there
.
They
sayled
therefore
towarde
Beragua
:
where
they
founde
within
.xvi.
myles
dystant
,
a
ryuer
which
Colonus
named
Lagartos
,
bycause
it
nooryshethe
greate
lysardes
whiche
in
the
Spanysshe
toonge
are
cauled
Lagartos
.
The
ryuer
Lagartos
.
These
lysertes
are
hurtfull
bothe
to
man
and
beaste
,
and
in
shape
muche
lyke
vnto
the
Crocodiles
of
the
ryuer
of
Nilus
in
Egypte
.
In
this
ryuer
,
they
founde
theyr
companyons
and
felowes
of
theyr
erroure
lyinge
at
anker
with
the
greate
shippes
which
folowed
behynde
by
the
gouernours
commaundement
.
Here
the
hole
assemble
beinge
carefull
and
disquieted
by
reason
of
the
gouernours
erroure
,
after
consultacion
,
by
th
aduise
of
the
capitaynes
of
the
brigantines
,
who
had
rased
nere
vnto
the
coastes
of
Beragua
,
they
sayled
directly
thether
.
Beragua
,
in
the
language
of
th
inhabitantes
of
the
same
prouince
,
is
as
much
to
saye
,
as
the
golden
ryuer
.
The
golden
ryuer
of
Beragua
.
The
region
it selfe
is
also
cauled
by
the
same
name
,
takynge
name
of
the
ryuer
.
In
the
mouth
of
this
ryuer
,
the
greatest
vessels
cast
anker
,
and
conueighed
al
theyr
vytailes
and
other
necessaries
to
lande
with
theyr
shippe
boates
:
and
elected
Lupus
Olanus
to
bee
theyr
gouernour
in
the
steede
of
Nicuesa
whom
they
had
loste
.
By
th
aduice
therfore
of
Olanus
and
the
other
vnder
capitaynes
,
that
all
hope
of
departure
myght
bee
taken
from
the
souldiers
which
they
had
nowe
browght
thether
,
and
to
make
them
the
more
wyllinge
to
inhabite
that
land
,
they
vtterly
forsooke
and
caste
of
those
shyppes
beinge
nowe
rotten
for
age
,
and
suffered
them
to
bee
shaken
and
broosed
of
the
surges
of
the
sea
.
Yet
of
theyr
soundeste
plankes
,
with
other
newe
,
made
of
the
trees
of
that
Region
(
which
they
say
to
be
excedinge
bygge
and
hygh
)
they
framed
a
newe
carauel
shortly
after
,
whiche
they
myght
vse
to
serue
for
theyr
necessitie
.
But
Beragua
was
founde
by
the
vnfortunate
destenie
of
Petrus
de
Vmbria
.
The
enterprise
&
death
of
Petrus
de
Umbria
.
For
he
,
beinge
a
man
of
prompt
wytte
and
apt
forwardenes
to
attempte
thynges
(
in
whiche
sumetyme
fortune
wyll
beare
a
stroke
notwithstandinge
owre
prouidence
)
tooke
vpon
hym
th
aduenture
to
searche
the
shore
to
th
intent
to
find
a
waye
for
his
felowes
where
they
myght
best
coome
alande
.
For
this
purpose
,
he
chose
hym
twelue
maryners
,
and
wente
aboorde
the
shippe
boate
whiche
serued
the
greateste
shyppes
.
The
flowinge
of
the
sea
,
raged
and
rored
there
,
with
a
horrible
whurlinge
as
wee
reede
of
the
daungerous
place
of
Scylla
in
the
sea
of
Scicilie
,
The
daungerous
place
of
Scilla
in
the
sea
of
Cicilie
.
by
reason
of
the
houge
and
ragged
rockes
reachyng
into
the
sea
,
from
which
the
waues
rebounding
with
violence
,
make
a
greate
noyse
and
rowghnes
on
the
water
,
whiche
rowghnes
or
reflowinge
,
the
Spanyardes
caule
Resacca
.
In
these
daungers
wretched
Vmbria
wresteled
a
while
.
But
in
shorte
space
,
a
waue
of
the
sea
almoste
as
bygge
as
a
mountayne
,
reboundinge
from
the
rockes
,
ouerwhelmed
the
boate
and
deuoured
the
same
with
the
men
,
euen
in
the
sight
of
theyr
felowes
:
So
that
of
them
all
,
onely
one
escaped
by
reason
he
was
experte
in
swymmynge
.
Swymminge
For
gettinge
holde
of
the
corner
of
a
rocke
,
and
susteynynge
the
rage
of
the
sea
vntyll
the
nexte
daye
when
it
wexed
caulme
,
and
the
shore
was
drye
by
the
faule
of
the
water
,
he
escaped
and
resorted
to
his
coompanye
.
But
Vmbria
with
the
other
eleuen
,
were
vtterlye
caste
away
.
The
resydue
of
the
coompany
,
durst
not
commite
them selues
to
the
shippe
boates
,
but
went
alande
with
theyr
brigantines
.
Where
remaynynge
a
fewe
dayes
,
and
saylinge
alonge
by
the
ryuer
,
they
founde
certeyne
vyllages
of
th
inhabitantes
,
which
they
caule
Mumu.
Here
they
beganne
to
build
a
fortresse
,
and
to
sowe
seedes
after
the
maner
of
theyr
countrey
,
in
a
certeyne
vale
of
frutefull
grownde
,
bicause
in
other
places
the
region
is
baren
.
As
these
thynges
were
thus
dooinge
in
Beragua
,
one
of
their
coompanye
standynge
vppon
the
toppe
of
a
hyghe
rocke
of
especiall
,
and
lyftynge
his
eyes
towarde
the
Weste
,
beganne
to
crye
,
Lynnyn
sayles
,
lynnyn
sayles
.
And
the
nerer
it
drewe
towarde
hym
,
he
perceaued
it
to
bee
a
shyppe
boate
comminge
with
a
lyttle
sayle
.
Yet
receaued
they
it
with
muche
reioysinge
:
for
it
was
the
fyssher
boate
of
Nicuesa
his
carauele
,
The
fyssher
boate
of
Nicuesa
his
carauele
.
and
of
capacitie
to
carye
onely
fyue
men
,
and
had
nowe
but
three
in
it
,
which
had
stoulne
it
from
Nicuesa
bycause
he
refused
to
gyue
credit
to
theim
that
he
had
passed
Beragua
,
and
lefte
it
behynde
hym
Eastwarde
.
For
they
seinge
Nicuesa
and
his
felowes
to
consume
dayely
by
famynne
,
thowght
they
woolde
proue
fortune
with
that
boate
,
if
their
chaunce
myght
bee
to
fynde
Beragua
,
as
in
deede
it
wss
.
Debatinge
therefore
with
theyr
felowes
,
of
these
matters
,
they
declared
howe
Nicuesa
erred
and
loste
the
carauele
by
tempest
,
The
miserable
case
of
Nicuesa
.
and
that
he
was
nowe
wanderinge
amonge
the
marysshes
of
vnknowen
coastes
,
full
of
myserie
and
in
extreeme
penurie
of
all
thynges
,
hauinge
nowe
lyued
for
the
space
of
three
score
and
tenne
dayes
,
only
with
herbes
and
rootes
,
and
syldoome
with
frutes
of
the
countrey
,
contented
to
drinke
water
,
and
yet
that
often
tymes
faylynge
,
bycause
he
was
instant
to
trauayle
westwarde
by
foote
,
supposing
by
that
meanes
to
come
to
Beragua
.
Colonus
the
fyrste
fynder
of
this
mayne
lande
,
had
coasted
alonge
by
this
tracte
,
and
named
it
Gratia
Dei
:
but
the
inhabitantes
caule
it
Cerabaro
.
The
Region
of
Gratia
Dei
or
Cerabaro
.
Throwghe
this
Region
,
there
runneth
a
ryuer
which
owre
men
named
Sancti
Matthei
,
The
ryuer
of
Sancti
Matthei
.
distante
from
the
weste
syde
of
Beragua
aboute
a
hundrethe
and
thirtie
myles
.
Here
I
lette
passe
the
name
of
this
ryuer
,
and
of
manye
other
places
by
the
names
which
th
inhabitantes
vse
,
bycause
owre
men
are
ignorant
thereof
.
Thus
Lupus
Olanus
the
conductor
of
one
of
the
shippes
of
Nicuesa
,
and
nowe
also
vice
Leauetenaunt
in
his
steede
,
after
that
he
hadde
receaued
this
information
of
the
maryners
,
sente
thether
a
brigantine
vnder
theyr
guydynge
,
these
maryners
therfore
,
which
came
in
the
fyssher
boate
,
founde
Nicuesa
,
The
rigorousnes
of
Nicuesa
.
and
browght
hym
to
the
place
where
Olanus
laye
,
whome
at
his
commynge
he
caste
in
pryson
,
and
accused
hym
of
treason
bycause
he
vsurped
th
autoritie
of
the
Lieuetenauntshippe
,
and
that
for
the
desyre
he
had
to
beare
rule
and
bee
in
autoritie
,
he
tooke
no
care
of
his
errours
:
also
that
he
behaued
hym selfe
negligently
:
demaundinge
furthermore
of
hym
,
what
was
the
cause
of
his
soo
longe
delay
.
Lykewyse
he
spake
to
al
the
vnder
officers
sharplye
and
with
a
troubled
mynde
:
And
within
fewe
dayes
after
commaunded
them
to
trusse
vp
theyr
packes
,
and
make
them
redye
to
departe
.
They
desyred
hym
to
quyet
hym selfe
,
and
to
forbeare
them
a
while
vntyl
they
had
reaped
the
corne
that
they
had
sowne
,
which
wolde
shortly
bee
rype
.
For
all
kynd
of
corne
waxeth
rype
there
euery
fourth
moonethe
after
it
is
sowne
.
Come
wa●eth
rype
euery
fourth
month
But
he
vtterly
denyed
to
tarye
and
whytte
:
but
that
he
woolde
foorthwith
departe
from
that
vnfortunate
lande
:
And
plucked
vp
by
the
rootes
al
that
euer
was
browght
into
the
goulfe
of
Beragua
,
and
commaunded
them
to
directe
theyr
course
towarde
the
Easte
.
After
they
had
sayled
aboute
the
space
of
.xvi.
myles
,
a
certeyne
younge
man
whose
name
was
Gregorie
,
a
Genues
borne
,
and
of
a
chylde
browght
vp
with
Colonus
,
The
commendacion
of
a
younge
man
browght
vp
with
Colonus
cauled
to
rememberance
that
there
was
a
hauen
not
farre
frome
thense
:
And
to
proue
his
sayinge
trewe
,
he
gaue
his
felowes
these
tokens
:
that
is
,
that
they
shulde
fynde
vppon
the
shore
,
an
anker
of
a
loste
shyppe
halfe
couered
with
sande
:
And
vnder
a
tree
nexte
vnto
the
hauen
,
a
sprynge
of
cleere
water
.
They
came
to
the
lande
:
founde
the
anker
and
the
sprynge
,
and
commended
the
wytte
and
memorye
of
the
younge
man
,
that
he
only
amonge
many
of
the
marynes
whiche
had
searched
those
coastes
with
Colonus
,
bore
the
thynge
soo
well
in
mynde
.
This
hauen
,
Colonus
cauled
Portus
Bellus
.
Portus
Bellus
.
Wheras
in
this
vyage
for
lacke
of
vytayles
they
were
sumetymes
enforced
to
goo
alande
,
they
were
euel
entreated
of
the
inhabitantes
.
By
reason
wherof
,
theyr
strengthes
were
soo
wekened
with
hunger
,
weakenes
of
hunger
.
that
they
were
not
able
to
keepe
warre
ageynst
naked
men
,
or
scarsely
to
beare
theyr
harnes
on
their
backes
.
And
therfore
owre
men
loste
twentie
of
theyr
coompanie
,
which
were
slayne
with
venemous
arrowes
.
They
consulted
to
leaue
the
one
halfe
of
theyr
felowes
in
the
hauen
of
Portus
Bellus
:
And
the
other
parte
Nicu●sa
tooke
with
hym
towarde
the
Easte
:
where
abowte
twentie
and
eyght
myles
from
Portus
Bellus
,
he
intended
to
buylde
a
fortresse
harde
by
the
sea
syde
vppon
the
poynte
or
cape
which
in
tyme
paste
Colonus
named
Marmor
.
Cap
Marmor
.
But
they
were
soo
feeble
by
reason
of
longe
hunger
,
that
theyr
strength
serued
them
not
to
susteyne
suche
laboure
.
Yet
he
erected
a
lyttle
towre
able
to
resyst
the
fyrst
assaute
of
the
inhabitantes
.
This
towre
he
cauled
Nomen
Dei
.
Nomen
Dei
.
From
the
tyme
that
he
left
Beragua
,
what
in
the
iorney
amonge
the
sandie
playnes
,
then
also
for
hunger
whyle
he
buylded
the
towre
,
Nicuesa
his
men
consumed
of
the
fewe
which
remayned
a
lyue
,
he
loste
twoo
hundreth
.
And
thus
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
,
the
multitude
of
seuen
hundreth
foure
score
and
fyue
men
,
was
nowe
browght
to
scarsely
one
hundreth
.
Whyle
Nicuesa
lyued
with
these
few
miserable
men
,
there
arose
a
contention
amonge
them
of
Vraba
,
Contencion
about
the
lieuetenauntship
of
Uraba
.
as
concerninge
the
Lieuetenantshippe
.
For
one
Vaschus
Nunnez
,
Ua●chus
Nunnez
moneth
sedition
.
by
the
iudgemente
of
all
men
,
trustynge
more
to
his
strengthe
then
wytte
,
stoured
vp
certeyne
lyght
felowes
ageynst
Ancisus
,
sayinge
that
Ancisus
had
not
the
kynges
letters
patentes
for
that
office
:
And
that
it
was
not
sufficient
that
he
was
autorised
by
Fogeda
.
Ancisus
lieuetenaunt
for
Fogeda
.
And
therfore
forbodde
that
he
shulde
execute
the
office
of
the
Lieuetenaunteshippe
:
And
wylled
theym
to
chuse
certeyne
of
theyr
owne
coompanye
,
by
whose
counsayle
and
authoritie
they
myght
bee
gouerned
.
Thus
beinge
diuided
into
factions
by
reason
that
Fogeda
,
their
capitayne
came
not
ageyne
,
whom
they
supposed
to
bee
nowe
deade
of
his
venemous
wounde
,
they
contended
whether
it
were
beste
to
substitute
Nicuesa
in
his
place
.
The
wyseste
sorte
suche
as
were
famylier
with
Nicuesa
,
and
coulde
not
beare
th
insolencie
of
Vaschus
Nunnez
,
thowght
it
good
that
Nicuesa
shuld
bee
,
Nicu●sa
.
sowght
owt
throwgh
owt
all
those
coastes
.
For
they
had
knoweledge
that
he
departed
from
Beragua
bycause
of
the
barennes
of
the
grounde
:
And
that
by
th
exemple
of
Ancisus
,
and
suche
other
as
had
made
shippewracke
,
it
were
possible
that
he
might
wander
in
sume
secreate
place
:
And
that
they
coulde
not
be
quiete
in
theire
myndes
vntyll
they
knewe
the
certentie
,
whether
he
with
his
felowes
were
alyue
or
deade
.
But
Vaschus
Nunnez
,
fearinge
leaste
at
the
commyng
of
Nicuesa
he
shulde
not
bee
had
in
autoritie
emonge
his
felowes
,
sayde
they
were
mad
men
to
thinke
that
Nicuesa
lyued
:
And
althowgh
he
were
alyue
,
yet
that
they
hadde
noo
neade
of
his
helpe
.
For
he
auouched
that
there
was
none
of
his
felowes
,
that
were
not
as
meete
to
rule
as
Nicuesa
.
While
they
were
thus
reasonynge
too
and
froo
,
one
Rodericus
Colmenaris
arryued
in
those
coastes
with
two
greate
shippes
hauinge
in
theym
three
score
fresshe
men
,
Rodericus
Colmenaris
.
with
greate
plentie
of
vitailes
and
apparel
.
Of
the
navigation
of
this
Colmenaris
,
The
nauigation
of
Rodericus
Colmenaris
.
I
intende
to
speake
sumewhat
more
.
He
therfore
departed
from
the
hauen
of
Hispaniola
cauled
Beata
(
where
they
prepare
and
furnysshe
theym selues
whiche
make
any
viage
into
these
landes
)
aboute
the
Ides
of
October
in
the
yeare
.1510
:
And
landed
the
.ix.
of
Nouember
in
a
Region
in
the
large
prouince
of
Paria
founde
by
Colonus
betwene
the
hauen
Carthago
and
the
Region
of
Cuchibachoa
.
Cuchibacoa
.
In
this
viage
what
by
the
rowghnes
of
the
sea
&
fiercenes
of
the
barbarians
,
he
suffered
many
incommodities
.
For
when
his
fresshe
water
fayled
,
he
sayled
to
the
mouthe
of
a
certeyne
riuer
which
th
inhabitantes
caule
Gaira
,
The
ryuer
Gaira
.
beinge
apte
to
receaue
shippes
.
This
ryuer
had
his
course
from
the
toppe
of
an
exceadinge
hyghe
mountayne
couered
with
snowe
,
An
exceding
hygh
mountayne
couered
with
snowe
.
hygher
then
the
which
,
all
the
coompanyons
of
this
capitayne
Rodericus
,
saye
that
they
neuer
sawe
.
And
that
by
good
reason
,
yf
it
were
couered
wyth
snowe
in
that
Region
which
is
not
past
ten
degrees
distante
from
the
Equinoctial
lyne
.
As
they
beganne
to
drawe
water
owt
of
their
shippeboate
,
a
certeyne
Kynge
made
towarde
theym
appareled
with
vestures
of
gossampine
cotton
,
hauinge
twentie
noble
men
in
his
coompanye
appareled
also
:
Appareled
men
.
Whyche
thinge
seemed
straunge
to
owre
men
,
and
not
seene
before
in
those
parties
.
The
Kinges
apparell
,
hunge
loose
from
his
shoulders
to
his
elbowes
:
And
from
the
ge●dle
downewarde
,
it
was
muche
like
a
womans
kertle
,
reachinge
euen
to
his
heeles
.
As
he
drewe
neere
towarde
owre
men
,
he
seemed
frendly
to
admonysshe
theym
to
take
none
of
the
water
of
that
ryuer
,
affirminge
it
to
bee
vnholsome
for
men
:
And
shewed
theym
that
not
farre
from
thense
,
there
was
a
ryuer
of
good
water
.
They
came
to
the
ryuer
.
And
endeuouringe
to
coome
nere
the
shore
,
they
were
dryuen
backe
by
tempeste
.
Also
the
burbulinge
of
the
sande
,
declared
the
sea
to
bee
but
shalowe
there
.
They
were
therefore
enforced
to
returne
to
the
fyrste
ryuer
where
they
myght
safely
caste
anker
.
This
Kinge
layde
wayte
for
owre
men
.
For
as
they
were
fyllinge
theire
barrelles
,
he
set
on
theym
with
abowt
seuen
hundreth
men
(
as
owre
men
iudged
)
armed
after
theire
maner
,
althowgh
they
were
naked
.
For
only
the
kynge
and
his
noble
men
were
appareled
.
They
tooke
away
the
shippeboate
,
and
brooke
it
in
maner
to
chips
:
soo
fiercely
assylynge
owre
menne
with
theyr
venemous
arrowes
,
Seuen
and
forty
Spanyardes
are
s●aine
with
venemous
arrowes
.
that
they
slewe
of
them
fortie
and
seuen
beefore
they
coulde
couer
them selues
with
theyr
targettes
.
For
that
poyson
is
of
such
force
,
that
albeit
the
woundes
were
not
great
,
yet
they
dyed
therof
immediatly
.
For
they
yet
knewe
noo
remedie
ageynste
this
kynde
of
poyson
,
Ierua
.
A
remedy
agenste
venemous
arrows
as
they
after
lerned
of
th
inhabitantes
of
Hispaniola
.
For
this
Ilande
bringeth
foorth
an
herbe
which
quencheth
and
mortifieth
the
violent
poyson
of
the
herbe
wherewith
theyr
arrowes
are
infected
,
soo
that
it
bee
ministred
in
tyme
.
Yet
of
owre
coompany
whiche
went
for
water
,
seuen
escaped
that
conflicte
,
and
hyd
them selues
in
a
hollowe
tree
,
Seuen
men
left
behynde
.
lurkynge
there
vntyll
nyght
.
Yet
escaped
they
not
the
handes
of
theyr
enemyes
.
For
the
shippe
departed
from
thense
in
the
nyght
season
and
lefte
them
there
,
supposinge
that
they
had
byn
slayne
.
Thus
by
manye
▪
suche
perels
and
daungers
(
which
I
lyghtly
ouerpasse
bicause
I
wyl
not
bee
tedious
to
yowre
holynes
)
he
arryued
at
the
length
at
the
hauen
of
Vraba
,
The
hauen
of
Uraba
.
and
cast
anker
at
the
easte
syde
therof
,
from
whense
not
longe
before
,
owre
men
departed
to
the
west
syde
by
reason
of
the
barennes
of
that
soyle
.
When
he
had
contynued
a
whyle
in
the
hauen
,
and
sawe
noo
man
stourynge
,
marueylinge
at
the
silence
of
the
places
(
for
he
supposed
there
to
haue
fowunde
his
felowes
)
he
coulde
not
couiecture
what
this
shulde
meane
:
and
there
vppon
beganne
to
suspecte
that
eyther
they
were
deade
,
or
that
they
had
chaunged
the
place
of
theyr
habitacion
.
To
knowe
the
certentie
hereof
,
he
commaunded
all
the
greate
ordinaunce
and
other
smaule
gunnes
which
he
had
in
his
shippes
,
to
bee
charged
:
And
fyers
to
bee
made
in
the
nyght
vppon
the
toppes
of
the
rockes
.
Thus
the
fyers
beinge
kyndeled
,
he
commaunded
all
the
gunnes
to
bee
shotte
of
at
one
instante
:
by
the
horrible
noyse
whereof
,
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
was
shaken
,
The
gou●fe
of
Uraba
.
althowghe
it
were
.xxiiii.
myles
distante
:
for
soo
brode
is
the
goulfe
.
This
noyse
was
harde
of
theyr
felowes
in
Dariena
:
Dariena
.
And
they
aunswered
them
ageyne
with
mutual
fyers
.
Wherfore
,
by
the
folowynge
of
these
fyers
,
Colmenaris
browght
his
shippes
to
the
Weste
syde
.
Here
those
wretched
and
miserable
men
of
Dariena
which
nowe
tho
rowgh
famen
and
feeblenes
helde
theyr
wery
sowles
in
theyr
teethe
redy
to
departe
from
theyr
bodies
by
reason
of
the
calamities
which
beefell
vnto
them
after
Ancisus
shippewracke
,
Famen
.
lyftinge
vp
theyr
handes
to
heauen
,
with
the
teares
runnynge
downe
theyr
cheekes
bothe
for
ioye
and
sorowe
,
embrased
Rodericus
and
his
felowes
with
such
kynde
of
reioysinge
as
their
presente
necessitie
seemed
to
requyre
.
For
whereas
they
were
before
his
comminge
,
withowte
vytayles
and
almoste
naked
,
he
brought
them
abundance
of
meate
,
drynke
,
and
apparell
.
It
restethe
nowe
(
moste
holy
father
)
to
declare
what
came
of
the
dissention
amonge
them
of
Vraba
,
what
became
of
the
contencion
of
Uraba
as
concernynge
the
gouernaunce
after
the
losse
of
theyr
capitaynes
.
¶
The
thyrde
booke
of
the
seconde
Decade
of
the
supposed
continent
.
ALl
the
chiefe
officers
in
Beragua
,
Beragua
.
and
such
as
were
most
politike
in
counsayle
,
determyned
that
Nicuesa
shulde
bee
sowght
owte
if
by
any
meanes
he
coulde
bee
founde
.
Where
vppon
they
tooke
from
Ancisus
the
gouernoure
refusinge
the
commynge
of
Nicuesa
,
a
brygantyne
whiche
he
made
of
his
owne
charges
:
And
agreed
,
ageynst
bothe
the
wyll
of
Ancisus
,
and
the
master
of
fence
Vaschus
Nunnez
,
that
Nicuesa
shulde
bee
sowght
foorthe
to
take
away
the
stryfe
as
touchinge
the
gouernement
.
Nicuesa
is
sought
foorth
They
elected
therfore
Colmenaris
(
of
whom
we
spake
before
)
to
take
this
matter
in
hande
:
wyllynge
hym
to
make
diligent
search
for
Nicuesa
in
those
coastes
where
they
supposed
he
erred
.
For
they
harde
that
he
had
forsaken
Beragua
,
the
region
of
an
vnfrutefull
grounde
.
They
gaue
hym
therfore
commaundement
to
brynge
Nicuesa
with
hym
,
and
further
to
declare
vnto
hym
that
he
shulde
doo
ryght
good
seruice
to
coome
thether
,
in
takyng
away
th
occasion
of
theyr
seditions
.
Colmenaris
tooke
the
thynge
vppon
hym
the
more
gladly
bycause
Nicuesa
was
his
very
frende
:
Supposinge
that
his
commynge
with
vytayles
shulde
bee
noo
lesse
thankefull
to
Nicuesa
and
his
coompanie
,
then
it
was
to
them
of
Vraba
.
Furnysshynge
therefore
one
of
his
owne
shippes
whiche
he
browght
with
hym
and
also
the
brigantyne
taken
frome
Ancisus
,
he
frayghted
the
same
with
part
of
the
vytayles
and
other
necessaries
which
he
browght
with
hym
before
from
Hispaniola
to
Vraba
.
Thus
coursynge
alonge
by
all
the
coastes
and
goulfes
nere
there
abowte
,
at
the
length
at
the
poynte
cauled
Marmor
,
he
founde
Nicuesa
,
Nicuesa
is
founde
in
a
miserable
case
.
of
all
lyuynge
men
most
infortunate
,
in
maner
dryed
vppe
with
extreeme
hunger
,
fylthye
and
horrible
to
beholde
,
with
onely
three
score
men
in
his
company
,
lefte
alyue
of
seuen
hundreth
.
They
al
seemed
to
hym
soo
miserable
,
that
he
noo
lesse
lamented
theyr
case
,
then
yf
he
had
founde
them
deade
.
But
Colmenaris
conforted
his
frende
Nicuesa
:
and
embrasinge
hym
with
teares
and
cherefull
woordes
,
relyued
his
spirites
,
and
further
encoraged
hym
with
greate
hope
of
better
fortune
:
declarynge
also
that
his
commynge
was
looked
for
and
greatelye
desyred
of
al
the
good
men
of
Vraba
,
for
that
they
hoped
that
by
his
autoritie
,
theyr
discorde
and
contention
shulde
bee
fynysshed
.
Nicuesa
thanked
his
frende
Colmenaris
.
after
such
sorte
as
his
calamitie
requyred
.
Thus
they
tooke
shyppe
to gyther
,
and
sayled
directly
to
Vraba
.
But
so
variable
and
vnconstant
is
the
nature
of
man
,
that
he
soone
groweth
owte
of
vse
,
becommeth
insolente
and
vnmyndful
of
benefites
after
to
much
felicitie
.
In●olencie
of
to
much
felicitie
.
For
Nicuesa
,
after
thus
many
teares
and
weepynges
after
dyuers
bewaylinges
of
his
infortunate
desteny
,
after
so
many
thankes
geuynge
,
ye
after
that
he
had
faulen
downe
to
the
grounde
and
kyssed
the
feete
of
Colmenaris
his
sauioure
,
he
beganne
to
quarel
with
hym
before
he
came
yet
at
Vraba
,
reprouinge
hym
and
them
all
for
th
alteracion
of
the
state
of
thynges
in
Vraba
,
and
for
the
gatheringe
of
golde
:
Affirming
that
none
of
them
owght
to
haue
layde
hande
of
any
golde
with
owte
the
aduice
of
hym
or
of
Fogeda
his
coompanion
.
When
these
sayinges
and
suche
lyke
,
came
to
the
eares
of
theym
of
Vraba
,
they
soo
stoured
vp
the
myndes
of
Ancisus
Lieuetenaunte
for
Fogeda
,
and
also
of
Vaschus
Nunnez
,
of
the
contrary
parte
,
ageinste
Nicuesa
,
Nicuesa
fauleth
from
one
miserie
into
an
other
.
that
shortely
after
his
arryuall
with
his
three
score
men
,
they
commaunded
hym
with
threatenynge
to
departe
from
thense
.
But
this
pleased
not
the
better
sort
.
Yet
fearynge
least
tumult
shulde
bee
amonge
the
people
whom
Vaschus
Nunnez
had
stered
to
factions
,
the
best
parte
was
fayne
to
giue
place
to
the
greatest
.
The
greatest
part
ouercommeth
the
best
This
wretched
man
therfore
Nicuesa
thus
drowned
in
miseries
,
was
thruste
into
the
brigantyne
whiche
he
hym selfe
browght
:
and
with
hym
only
seuentene
men
,
of
his
three
score
which
remayned
alyue
.
He
tooke
shyppe
in
the
Calendes
of
Marche
in
the
yeare
.1511
.
intendynge
to
goo
to
Hispaniola
to
coomplayne
of
the
rasshenes
of
Vaschus
Nunnez
,
and
of
the
violence
doone
to
hym
by
Ancisus
.
The
death
of
Nicuesa
.
But
he
entered
into
the
brigantine
in
an
vnfortunate
houre
:
for
he
was
neuer
seene
after
.
They
suppose
that
the
brigantine
was
drowned
with
all
the
men
therin
.
And
thus
vnhappie
Nicuesa
faulynge
headlonge
owte
of
one
miserye
into
an
other
,
ended
his
lyfe
more
myserablye
then
he
lyued
.
Nicuesa
beinge
thus
vylely
reiected
,
Famen
enforseth
them
to
faule
to
spoylynge
.
&
al
theyr
vytayles
consumed
which
Colmenaris
browght
them
,
faulynge
in
maner
madde
for
hunger
,
they
were
enforced
lyke
raueninge
woolues
seakynge
theyr
praye
,
to
inuade
suche
as
dwelte
abowte
theyr
confynes
.
Vas●hus
Nunnez
therefore
,
Uaschus
vsurpeth
thautorit●e
of
the
Lieuetenantshippe
.
theyr
newe
capitayne
of
theyr
owne
election
,
assembling
togyther
a
hundreth
and
thirtie
men
,
and
settinge
them
in
order
of
battell
after
his
swoordeplayers
fasshion
,
puffed
vppe
with
pryde
,
placed
his
souldiers
as
pleased
hym
in
the
forewarde
and
rereward
,
and
sume
as
pertisens
abowt
his
owne
person
.
Thus
associatinge
with
hym
Colmenaris
,
he
wente
to
spoyle
the
kynges
which
were
bortherers
there
abowte
,
and
came
fyrst
to
a
Region
abowte
that
coaste
,
cauled
Coiba
,
(
wherof
we
made
mencion
before
)
imperiously
and
with
cruel
countenaunce
commaundinge
the
kynge
of
the
region
whose
name
was
Careta
,
Careta
,
k●nge
of
Coiba
.
(
of
whome
they
were
neuer
troubled
as
often
as
they
passed
by
his
dominions
)
to
gyue
them
vytayles
.
But
Careta
denyed
that
he
coulde
gyue
them
any
at
that
tyme
:
alleagyng
that
he
had
oftentymes
ayded
the
Christians
as
they
passed
by
those
coastes
:
by
reason
wherof
his
store
was
nowe
consumed
:
Also
that
by
the
meanes
of
the
contynuall
warre
which
he
kepte
euer
from
his
chyldes
age
with
a
kyng
whose
name
is
Poncha
,
bortheringe
vppon
his
dominion
,
he
and
his
famelie
were
in
greate
scarsenes
of
all
thynges
.
But
Vaschus
woolde
admytte
none
of
these
excuses
:
And
thervppon
tooke
Careta
prisoner
,
kynge
Careta
is
taken
and
spoyled
.
spoyled
his
vyllage
,
and
browght
hym
bownd
with
his
twoo
wyues
and
chyldren
and
all
his
famelie
to
Dariena
.
With
this
kynge
Careta
,
they
founde
three
of
the
felowes
of
Nicuesa
,
the
whiche
when
Nicuesa
passed
by
those
coastes
to
seeke
Beragua
,
fearynge
punysshement
for
theyr
euyll
desertes
stoule
away
from
the
shyppes
lyinge
at
anker
:
And
when
the
nauie
departed
,
commytted
them selues
to
the
mercie
of
Careta
,
who
enterteyned
them
very
frendely
.
They
had
nowe
bynne
there
.xviii.
moonethes
,
and
were
therefore
as
vtterly
naked
as
the
people
of
the
contrey
.
Duringe
this
tyme
,
the
meate
of
th
inhabitances
seemed
vnto
them
delicate
di●shes
and
princely
fare
:
hunger
is
the
best
sauce
.
especially
bycause
they
enioyed
the
same
withowte
any
stryfe
for
myne
and
thyne
,
Wyne
&
thine
the
seedes
of
al
mischefe
.
which
twoo
thynges
moue
and
enforce
men
to
such
harde
shyftes
and
miseries
,
that
in
lyuing
they
seeme
not
to
lyue
.
Yet
desyred
they
to
returne
to
theyr
owlde
cares
,
of
su●he
force
is
education
and
natural
effection
towarde
them
with
whom
we
haue
byn
browght
vp
.
The
vytayles
whiche
Vaschus
browght
frome
the
vyllage
of
Careta
to
his
felowes
lefte
in
Dariena
,
was
rather
sumewhat
to
assuage
theyr
present
hunger
,
and
vtterly
to
take
away
theyr
necessitie
.
But
as
touchinge
Anc●sus
beinge
Lieuetenaunt
for
Fogeda
,
Ancisus
,
lieuetenaunt
for
Fogeda
is
cast
in
prison
.
whether
it
were
before
these
thynges
or
after
,
I
knowe
not
.
But
this
I
am
sure
of
,
that
after
the
reiectinge
of
Nicu●sa
,
many
occasions
were
sought
agenst
Ancisus
by
Vascus
and
his
factionaries
.
Howe
soo
euer
it
was
,
Ancisus
was
taken
,
and
cast
in
pryson
,
and
his
goodes
confiscate
.
The
cause
hereof
was
,
(
as
Vaschus
alleaged
)
that
Ancisus
hadde
his
commission
of
the
Lieuetenauntshippe
,
of
Fogeda
onely
whome
they
sayde
to
bee
nowe
deade
,
and
not
of
the
kynge
.
Sayinge
that
he
woolde
not
obey
any
man
that
was
not
put
in
office
by
the
kyng
hym selfe
by
his
letters
patentes
.
Yet
at
the
request
of
the
graueste
sorte
,
he
was
sumwhat
pacified
,
and
delt
more
gentelly
with
hym
,
hauinge
sum
compassion
of
his
calamities
.
And
thervppon
commaunded
hym
to
bee
loosed
.
Ancisus
beinge
at
libertie
,
tooke
shyppe
to
departe
from
thense
to
Hispaniola
.
Anci●us
taketh
his
vyage
to
hispaniola
.
But
beefore
he
had
hoysed
vppe
his
sayle
,
all
the
wysest
sorte
resorted
to
hym
,
humbly
desyringe
hym
to
returne
ageyne
:
promysynge
that
they
wolde
doo
theyr
diligence
,
that
Vaschus
beinge
reconciled
,
he
myght
bee
restored
to
his
full
autoritie
of
the
Lieuetenauntshippe
.
But
Ancisus
refused
to
consent
to
theyr
request
and
soo
departed
.
Yet
sume
there
were
that
murmured
that
god
and
his
angels
shewed
this
reuenge
vpon
Ancisus
,
The
reueng
of
God
.
bycau●e
Nicuesa
was
reiected
throwgh
his
counsayle
.
Howe
soo
euer
it
bee
,
the
searchers
of
the
newe
landes
,
faule
headlonge
into
ruine
by
theyr
owne
follye
,
consuminge
them selues
with
ciuile
discorde
,
The
inconueniences
of
discorde
.
not
weighinge
soo
greate
a
matter
,
nor
employinge
theyr
beste
endeuoure
aboute
the
same
as
the
woorthynes
of
the
thynge
requyreth
.
In
this
meane
tyme
,
they
determyned
all
with
one
agreemente
,
to
sende
messengers
into
Hispaniola
to
the
younge
Admirall
and
viceroy
,
sonne
and
heyre
to
Christophorus
Colonus
the
fynder
of
these
landes
,
The
sonne
&
heyr●
of
Colonus
,
is
Admirall
and
viceroy
of
hispaniola
.
and
to
the
other
gouernoures
of
the
Ilande
(
from
whom
the
newe
landes
receaue
theyr
ayde
and
lawes
)
to
signifie
vnto
them
what
state
they
stoode
in
,
and
in
what
necessitie
they
lyued
:
also
what
they
had
founde
,
and
in
what
hope
they
were
of
greater
thinges
if
they
were
furnyshed
with
plentie
of
vytayles
and
other
necessaries
.
For
this
purpose
they
elected
at
the
assignement
of
Vascus
,
one
Valdiuia
,
,
Valdiuia
.
beinge
one
of
his
faction
,
and
instructed
by
hym
ageinst
Anc●sus
.
And
to
bee
a●sistant
with
hym
,
they
appoynted
one
Zamudius
a
Cantabrian
:
So
that
commaundement
was
gyuen
to
Valdiuia
to
returne
from
Hispaniola
with
vytayles
:
And
Zamudius
was
appoynted
to
take
his
vyage
into
Spayne
to
the
kynge
.
zamudius
&
Ancisus
,
take
their
vyage
to
Spayne
.
They
tooke
shippe
both
togyther
with
Ancisus
,
hauinge
in
mynde
to
certifie
the
kynge
howe
thynges
were
handeled
there
,
muche
otherwyse
then
Zamudius
information
.
I
my selfe
spake
with
both
Ancisus
and
Zamudius
at
their
commynge
to
the
courte
.
Whyle
they
were
occupied
aboute
these
matters
,
those
wretched
men
of
Dariena
loosed
Carera
the
kynge
of
Coiba
vppon
condicion
that
he
shulde
ayde
theym
in
theyr
warres
ageynst
his
enemy
and
theyrs
,
kynge
Poncha
bortheringe
vpon
his
dominions
.
kinge
Poncha
.
Careta
made
a
league
with
them
,
promysinge
that
as
they
passed
by
his
kyngedome
,
he
woolde
gyue
them
all
thynges
nece●sarie
,
and
meete
them
with
an
armie
of
men
,
to
goo
forwarde
with
them
to
the
battaile
agenst
Poncha
.
Theyr
weapons
are
nother
bowes
nor
venemed
arrowes
,
as
we
sayde
th
inhabitantes
to
haue
which
dwel
eastwarde
beyonde
the
goulfe
.
They
feight
therefore
at
hande
,
with
longe
swordes
(
which
they
caule
Macanas
)
made
of
wood
bycause
they
haue
noo
Iren.
Swoordes
of
woodde
.
They
vse
also
longe
staues
lyke
ia●elens
hardened
at
the
endes
with
fyer
,
or
typte
with
bone
.
Also
certeyne
stynges
and
dartes
.
Thus
after
the
league
made
with
Careta
,
bothe
he
and
owre
men
had
certeyne
dayes
appoynted
theym
to
tyll
theyr
grounde
and
sowe
theyr
seedes
.
This
doone
,
by
the
ayde
of
Careta
and
by
his
conduction
,
they
marched
towarde
the
palaice
of
Poncha
,
kynge
Careta
conspireth
with
the
Spanyardes
agenst
kynge
Poncha
.
who
f●edde
at
theyr
commynge
.
They
spoyled
his
vyllage
and
mytigated
theyr
hunger
with
such
vytayles
as
they
founde
there
.
Yet
coulde
they
not
helpe
their
felowes
therwith
by
reason
of
the
farre
distance
of
the
place
,
althowghe
they
had
greate
plentie
.
For
the
vyllage
of
Poncha
,
was
more
then
a
hundreth
myles
distant
from
Dariena
:
wheras
was
also
none
other
remedy
but
that
the
same
shulde
haue
byn
caryed
on
mens
backes
to
the
sea
syde
beinge
farre
of
,
where
they
left
theyr
shyppes
in
the
which
they
came
to
the
vyllage
of
Car●ta
.
Here
they
founde
certeyne
powndes
weyght
of
gold
,
grauen
&
wrought
into
sundrye
ouches
.
wrought
gold
After
the
sacking
of
this
vyllage
they
resorted
toward
the
ships
intendyng
to
leaue
the
kinges
of
the
inland
vntouched
at
this
tyme
,
&
to
inuade
onely
them
which
dwelt
by
the
sea
coastes
.
Not
farre
from
Coiba
,
in
the
same
tracte
,
there
is
a
Region
named
Comogra
,
The
region
of
Comogra
,
distant
frome
Dariena
xxx
.
leaques
.
and
the
Kinge
thereof
,
cauled
Comogrus
after
the
same
name
.
To
this
Kinge
they
came
fyrst
next
after
the
subvertion
of
Poncha
:
And
founde
his
palaice
situate
in
a
frutefull
playne
of
twelue
leaques
in
bredthe
,
at
the
rootes
of
the
further
syde
of
the
nexte
mountaynes
.
Comogrus
had
in
his
courte
a
certeyne
noble
man
of
nexe
consanguinitie
to
Kynge
Careta
,
whiche
had
fledde
to
Comogrus
by
reason
of
certeyne
dissention
whiche
was
betwene
Careta
and
hym
.
These
noble
men
,
they
caule
Iura
.
kynge
Comogrus
.
This
Iura
therfore
of
Coiba
,
mette
owre
men
by
the
way
,
and
conciled
Comogrus
to
them
,
bycause
he
was
well
knowen
to
owr
men
from
the
tyme
that
Nicuesa
passed
fyrst
by
those
coastes
.
Owre
men
therefore
went
quietlye
to
the
palaice
of
Comogrus
beinge
distante
from
Dariena
thirtie
leaques
by
a
plaine
waye
abowte
the
mountaynes
,
This
Kynge
Comogrus
,
had
seuen
sonnes
,
The
kynges
palaice
.
younge
men
of
comelye
forme
and
stature
,
whiche
he
had
by
sundry
wyues
.
His
palaice
was
framed
of
postes
or
proppes
made
of
trees
fastened
togeyther
after
a
straunge
sorte
,
and
of
soo
stronge
bylding
,
that
it
is
of
no
lesse
strength
then
waules
of
stone
.
They
which
measured
the
length
of
the
floure
thereof
,
founde
it
to
bee
a
hundreth
and
fyftie
pases
,
and
in
breadthe
,
foure
score
foote
:
beinge
roofed
and
paued
with
maruelous
arte
.
They
founde
his
store
house
,
furnysshed
with
abundance
of
delicate
vitailes
after
the
maner
of
theyr
countrey
:
And
his
wyne
celler
replenished
with
great
vesselles
of
earth
and
also
of
woodde
fylled
with
theyr
kynde
of
wyne
and
syder
.
wyne
&
syder
For
they
haue
noo
grapes
.
But
lyke
as
they
make
theyr
breade
of
those
three
kyndes
of
rootes
cauled
Iucca
,
agis
,
and
Naizium
,
(
whereof
we
spake
in
the
fyrste
decade
)
Soo
make
they
theyr
wyne
of
the
frutes
of
date
trees
,
and
syder
of
other
frutes
and
seedes
,
as
doo
the
Almaynes
,
Flemynges
Englysshe
men
,
and
owre
Spanyardes
whych
inhabite
the
mountaynes
,
as
the
Uascons
and
Asturians
:
likewise
in
the
mountaynes
of
the
Alpes
,
the
Noricians
,
Sueuians
,
and
Heluetians
,
make
certeyne
drynkes
of
barley
,
wheat
,
hoppes
,
and
apples
.
They
say
also
that
with
Comogrus
,
they
droonk
wynes
of
sundry
tastes
,
both
whyte
and
blacke
.
Blacke
wine
.
But
nowe
yow
shall
heare
of
a
thynge
more
monstrous
too
behoulde
.
Enterynge
therfor
into
the
inner
partes
of
the
palaice
,
they
were
browght
into
a
chamber
hanged
aboute
with
the
carkeses
of
men
,
The
bo●yes
of
deade
kynges
,
religiously
honoured
.
tyed
with
ropes
of
gossampine
cotton
.
Beinge
demaunded
what
they
ment
by
that
superstition
,
they
answered
that
those
were
the
carkeses
of
the
father
,
graundefather
,
and
great
graundfather
with
the
other
auncestours
of
theyr
Kyng
Comogrus
.
Declaringe
that
they
had
the
same
in
greate
reuerence
,
and
that
they
tooke
it
for
a
godly
thynge
to
honoure
them
religiously
:
And
therfore
appareled
euery
of
the
same
sumptuouslye
with
golde
and
precious
stones
accordynge
vnto
theyr
estate
.
After
this
sorte
dyd
the
antiquitie
honoure
theyr
Penates
,
Penat●s
.
whyche
they
thowght
had
the
gouernaunce
of
their
lyues
.
Howe
they
drye
these
carkeses
vppon
certeine
instrumentes
made
of
wood
,
The
carcases
of
men
dryed
like
vnto
hurdels
,
with
a
softe
fyer
vnder
the
same
,
so
that
onely
the
skynne
remayneth
to
houlde
the
bones
together
,
we
haue
described
in
the
former
decade
.
Of
Comogrus
his
seuen
soonnes
,
the
eldest
had
an
excellente
naturall
wytte
.
The
kynges
sonne
a
yonge
man
of
excellent
wytte
,
He
therfore
thowght
it
good
to
flatter
and
please
thys
wandrynge
kynde
of
men
(
owr
men
I
meane
)
lyuynge
onely
by
shiftes
and
spoyle
,
least
beinge
offended
and
seekynge
occasions
ageynste
hym
and
his
familie
,
they
shuld
handle
hym
as
they
dyd
other
whiche
sowght
noo
meanes
howe
to
gratifie
theym
.
Wherefore
,
he
gaue
Vaschus
and
Colmenaris
foure
thousande
ounces
of
golde
artificially
wrought
,
Foure
thousande
vnces
of
wrought
golde
.
and
also
fyftie
slaues
whyche
he
had
taken
in
the
warres
.
For
suche
,
eyther
they
sell
for
exchaunce
of
other
thinges
,
or
otherwise
vse
them
as
theym
lysteth
▪
For
they
haue
not
the
vse
of
money
.
This
golde
with
as
muche
more
which
they
had
in
an
other
place
,
owre
men
wayed
in
the
porche
of
Comogrus
his
palaice
to
separate
the
fyfte
parte
thereof
,
The
distribution
of
golde
.
whiche
portion
is
due
to
the
Kynges
escheker
.
For
it
is
decreed
that
the
fyft
parte
of
both
golde
,
perles
,
and
precious
stones
,
shulde
be
assigned
to
the
Kinges
treasourers
:
And
the
resydue
,
to
bee
diuided
emonge
theym selues
by
composition
.
Here
as
brabblynge
and
contention
arose
emonge
owr
men
abowt
the
diuidinge
of
gold
,
this
eldeste
soonne
of
Kynge
Comogrus
beinge
presente
,
whome
we
praysed
for
his
wysedome
,
commynge
sume
what
wyth
an
angery
countenaunce
towarde
hym
whiche
helde
the
balences
,
he
strooke
theym
wyth
his
fyste
,
and
scatered
all
the
golde
that
was
therein
,
Young
Comogrus
his
oration
.
abowte
the
porche
,
sharpely
rebukynge
theym
with
woordes
in
this
effecte
.
What
is
the
matter
yowe
Christian
men
,
that
yow
soo
greatly
esteme
soo
litle
a
portion
of
golde
more
then
yowr
owne
quietnes
,
whiche
neuerthelesse
yow
entend
to
deface
from
these
fayre
ouches
and
to
melte
the
same
into
a
rude
masse
.
If
yowre
hunger
of
goulde
bee
soo
insatiable
that
onely
for
the
desyre
yowe
haue
therto
,
The
hunger
of
golde
.
yowe
disquiete
soo
many
nations
,
and
yow
yowre
selues
also
susteyne
soo
many
calamites
and
incommodities
,
lyuing
like
banished
men
owte
of
yowre
owne
countrey
,
I
wyll
shewe
yowe
a
Region
floweinge
with
goulde
,
A
reg●on
flowinge
wyth
golde
.
where
yowe
may
satisfie
yowr
raueninge
appetites
.
But
yowe
muste
attempte
the
thynge
with
a
greater
poure
:
For
it
standeth
yow
in
hande
by
force
of
armes
to
ouercome
kynges
of
greate
puissaunce
,
and
rigorous
defenders
of
theyr
dominions
.
For
bysyde
other
,
the
greate
kinge
Tumanama
will
coome
foorthe
ageynste
yowe
,
kynge
Tumanama
.
whose
kengdome
is
moste
ryche
with
golde
,
and
distante
from
hense
onely
syx
soonnes
:
that
is
,
syx
dayes
:
for
they
number
the
dayes
by
the
sonne
.
Canibales
.
Furthermore
,
or
euer
yowe
canne
coome
thether
,
yow
must
passe
ouer
the
mountaynes
inhabited
of
the
cruell
Canybales
a
fierce
kynde
of
men
,
deuourers
of
mans
flesshe
,
lyuing
withowte
lawes
,
wanderinge
,
and
withowte
empire
.
For
they
also
,
beinge
desyrous
of
golde
,
haue
subdewed
them
vnder
theyr
dominion
whiche
before
inhabited
the
golde
mynes
of
the
mountaynes
,
The
golde
mynes
of
the
mountaynes
.
and
vse
them
lyke
bondemen
,
vsyng
their
laboure
in
dygginge
and
workynge
theyr
golde
in
plates
and
sundry
Images
lyke
vnto
these
whiche
yowe
see
here
.
For
wee
doo
no
more
esteeme
rude
golde
vnwrought
,
Unwrought
golde
not
estemed
.
then
we
doo
cloddes
of
earthe
,
before
it
bee
formed
by
the
hande
of
the
workeman
to
the
similitude
eyther
of
sume
vessell
nece●sarie
for
owre
vse
,
or
sume
ouche
bewetifull
to
be
worne
.
These
thynges
doo
wee
receaue
of
theim
for
exchaunge
of
other
of
owre
thynges
,
as
of
prisoners
taken
in
warre
,
Exchaunge
.
whiche
they
bye
to
eate
,
or
for
sheetes
and
other
thynges
perteynynge
to
the
furnyture
of
householde
,
suche
as
they
lacke
which
inhabite
the
mountaynes
:
And
especially
for
vitayles
wherof
they
stande
in
greate
neede
by
reason
of
the
barrennes
of
the
mountaynes
.
This
iorney
therfore
,
must
bee
made
open
by
force
of
men
.
And
when
yowe
are
passinge
ouer
these
mountaynes
(
poyntinge
with
his
fynger
towarde
the
southe
mountaynes
)
yowe
shal
see
an
other
sea
,
where
they
sayle
with
shyppes
as
bygge
as
yowres
(
meanynge
the
caraueles
)
vsinge
both
sayles
and
ores
as
yowe
doo
,
Abundance
of
golde
.
althowghe
the
men
bee
naked
as
wee
are
.
All
the
waye
that
the
water
runnethe
frome
t●e
mountaynes
,
and
all
that
syde
lyinge
towarde
the
Southe
,
bryngeth
foorth
golde
abundantly
.
As
he
sayde
these
woordes
,
he
poynted
to
the
vesselles
in
whiche
they
vse
to
serue
theyr
meate
,
affirmyng●
that
kynge
Tumanama
,
and
all
the
other
kynges
beyonde
the
mountaynes
,
had
suche
and
al
their
other
householde
stuffe
of
golde
:
householde
stuffe
of
gold
And
that
there
was
noo
lesse
plentie
of
golde
amonge
those
people
of
the
Southe
,
then
of
Iren
with
vs
.
For
he
knewe
by
relation
of
owre
men
,
wherof
owre
swoordes
and
other
weapons
were
made
.
Owre
capitaynes
marueylyng
at
the
oration
of
the
naked
younge
man
(
for
they
had
for
interpretours
those
three
men
whiche
had
byn
before
a
yere
and
a
halfe
conuersant
in
the
court
of
kynge
Careta
)
pondered
in
theyr
myndes
,
&
ernestly
considered
his
sayinges
.
Soo
that
his
rasshenes
in
scatteringe
the
golde
owte
of
the
balances
,
they
turned
to
myrth
and
vrbanitie
,
commendynge
his
dooinge
and
sayinge
therin
.
Then
they
asked
hym
frendely
,
vppon
what
certeyne
knoweleage
he
spake
those
thynges
:
Or
what
he
thowght
best
herein
to
bee
doone
yf
they
shulde
brynge
a
greater
supplye
of
men
.
To
this
,
younge
Comogrus
,
stayinge
a
whyle
with
hym selfe
as
it
were
an
oratour
preparinge
him selfe
to
speake
of
sume
graue
matter
,
and
disposynge
his
bodye
to
a
giesture
meete
to
persuade
,
spake
thus
in
his
mother
tonge
.
Gyue
eare
vnto
me
o
yowe
Chrystians
.
Albeit
that
the
gredie
hunger
of
golde
hathe
not
yet
vexed
vs
naked
men
,
Naked
people
tormented
with
ambition
yet
doo
we
destroy
one
an
other
by
reason
of
ambition
and
desyre
to
rule
.
Hereof
springeth
mortall
hatred
amonge
vs
,
and
hereof
commethe
owre
destruction
.
Owre
predicessours
kepte
warres
,
and
soo
dyd
Comogrus
my
father
with
princes
beinge
bortherers
abowte
hym
.
In
the
which
warres
,
as
wee
haue
ouercoome
,
so
haue
wee
byn
ouer
coome
,
as
dothe
appere
by
the
number
of
bondemen
amonge
vs
,
which
we
tooke
by
the
ouerthrowe
of
owre
enemyes
,
of
the
whiche
I
haue
gyuen
yowe
fiftie
.
Lykewyse
at
an
other
tyme
,
owre
aduersaries
hauinge
th
upper
hande
agenste
vs
,
ledde
away
manye
of
vs
captiue
.
For
suche
is
the
chaunce
of
warre
.
Also
,
amonge
owre
familiers
(
wherof
a
great
number
haue
byn
captiues
with
them
)
beholde
here
is
one
whiche
of
longe
tyme
ledde
a
paynefull
lyfe
in
bondage
vnder
the
yoke
of
that
kynge
beyonde
the
mountaynes
,
in
whose
kyngdome
is
suche
abundance
of
golde
.
Of
hym
,
and
suche
other
innumerable
,
and
lykewyse
by
the
resort
of
free
men
on
theyr
syde
comminge
to
vs
,
and
ageyne
of
owre
men
resortinge
to
theim
by
safe
conduct
,
these
thynges
haue
byn
euer
as
well
knowen
vnto
vs
,
A
vehement
persuasion
.
as
owre
owne
possessions
.
But
that
yowe
maye
bee
the
better
assured
hereof
,
and
bee
owte
of
all
suspection
that
yowe
shal
not
bee
deceaued
,
make
me
the
guyde
of
this
viage
,
byndynge
me
fast
and
keepyng
me
in
safe
custodie
to
bee
hanged
on
the
next
tree
,
yf
yowe
fynde
my
sayinges
in
any
point
vntrewe
.
Folowe
my
counsayle
therfore
,
and
send
for
a
thousande
Christian
men
apte
for
the
warres
,
by
whose
power
we
may
with
also
the
men
of
warre
of
Comogrus
my
father
armed
after
owre
maner
,
inuade
the
dominions
of
owre
enemyes
:
where
,
bothe
yowe
may
bee
satisfyed
with
golde
,
and
we
for
owre
conductinge
and
aydynge
yowe
in
this
enterpryse
,
shall
thynke
owre
selues
abun●antly
rewarded
,
in
that
yowe
shall
helpe
to
delyuer
vs
from
the
iniuries
and
perpetuall
feare
of
owre
enemies
.
After
these
woordes
,
this
prudente
younge
Comogrus
helde
his
peace
.
And
owre
men
moued
with
greate
hope
and
hunger
of
golde
,
A
token
of
hunger
.
beganne
ageine
to
swalowe
downe
theyr
spertle
.
¶
The
fourth
booke
of
the
seconde
Decade
,
of
the
supposed
Continent
.
AFter
that
they
had
taryed
here
a
fewe
dayes
and
baptised
Comogrus
with
all
his
famelie
,
kynge
Comogrus
is
baptised
with
his
famely
.
and
named
hym
by
the
name
of
Charles
after
the
kynge
of
Spayne
,
they
returned
to
theyr
felowes
in
Dariena
leauinge
with
hym
the
hope
of
the
thousande
souldyers
,
which
his
sonne
requyred
to
passe
ouer
those
mountaynes
towarde
the
South
sea
.
Thus
enteringe
into
the
vyllage
which
they
had
chosen
to
inhabite
,
they
had
knowleage
that
Valdiuia
was
returned
,
Ualdiuia
returneth
from
hispaniola
.
within
syxe
moonethes
after
his
departure
:
but
with
noo
great
plentie
of
vytayles
,
bycause
he
browght
but
a
smaule
shippe
:
yet
with
hope
that
shortely
after
,
there
shulde
bee
sent
them
abundance
of
vytayles
with
a
newe
supply
of
men
.
For
younge
Colonus
,
the
Admiral
and
viceroy
of
Hispaniola
,
and
the
other
gouernours
of
the
Ilande
,
acknowleaged
that
hetherto
they
had
noo
respecte
to
theym
of
Dariena
,
bycause
they
supposed
that
Ancisus
the
Lieuetenant
had
safely
arryued
there
with
his
shippe
laden
with
vatayles
:
wyllynge
them
from
hensefoorth
to
bee
of
good
cheere
,
and
that
they
shulde
lacke
nothynge
hereafter
:
But
that
at
this
present
tyme
,
they
had
noo
bygger
shippe
wherby
they
myght
sende
them
greater
plentie
of
necessaries
by
Valdiuia
.
The
vytayles
therfore
which
he
browght
,
serued
rather
sumwhat
to
mytigate
theyr
present
necessitie
,
then
to
satisfye
theyr
lacke
.
Wherfore
within
a
fewe
dayes
after
Valdiuia
his
returne
,
they
fel
ageine
into
lyke
scarsnes
:
especially
for
asmuch
as
a
great
storme
and
tempest
whiche
came
from
the
hyghe
mountaynes
with
horrible
thunder
and
lyghtnynge
in
the
mooneth
of
Nouember
,
horrible
thunder
and
●ightnynge
in
the
moneth
of
Nouember
.
browght
with
it
suche
a
fludde
,
that
it
partely
caryed
away
and
partly
drowned
all
the
corne
and
seedes
whiche
they
had
sowne
in
the
moonethe
of
September
in
a
frutefull
●rounde
before
they
went
to
kyng
Comogrus
.
The
seedes
which
they
of
Hispaniola
caule
Maizium
,
Bread
of
Maizius
&
hobba
and
they
of
Vraba
caule
Hobba
:
Wherof
they
make
theyr
bread
,
which
also
wee
sayde
to
bee
rype
thryse
euery
yeare
,
bycause
those
Regions
are
not
bytten
with
the
sharpnes
of
wynter
by
reason
of
theyr
nerenes
to
the
Equinoctial
lyne
.
It
is
also
agreable
to
the
principles
of
naturall
philosophie
,
that
this
breade
made
of
Maizius
or
Hobba
,
shulde
bee
more
holsome
for
th
inhabitantes
of
those
contreys
then
breade
made
of
wheate
,
by
reason
that
it
is
of
easyer
digestion
.
Digestion
strengthened
by
owtwarde
colde
.
For
wheras
coulde
is
wantinge
,
the
naturall
heate
is
not
dryuen
frome
the
owtewarde
partes
into
the
inwarde
partes
and
precordials
,
whereby
digestion
is
much
strengthened
.
Beinge
therfore
thus
frustrate
of
the
increase
of
theyr
seedes
,
and
the
kynges
nere
abowte
them
spoyled
of
both
vytayles
and
golde
,
they
were
enforced
to
seeke
theyr
meate
further
of
:
hunger
.
And
therwith
to
signifie
to
the
gouernours
of
Hispaniola
with
what
great
necessitie
they
were
oppressed
:
And
what
they
had
lerned
of
Comogrus
as
concernynge
the
Regions
towarde
the
Southe
:
wyllynge
them
in
consideration
therof
to
aduertyse
the
kynge
to
sende
them
a
thousande
souldiers
,
A
newe
supply
of
a
thousande
souldyers
.
by
whose
helpe
they
myght
by
force
make
waye
throwghe
the
mountaynes
diuidynge
the
sea
on
bothe
sydes
,
if
they
coulde
not
brynge
the
same
to
passe
quyetly
.
The
same
Valdiuia
was
also
sent
on
this
message
,
caryinge
with
hym
to
the
kynges
treasourers
(
hauinge
theyr
office
of
recepte
in
Hispaniola
)
three
hundreth
poundes
weyght
of
golde
after
eyght
ounces
to
the
pounde
,
for
the
fyfte
portion
dewe
to
the
kynges
escheker
.
This
pounde
of
.viii.
vnces
,
the
Spanyardes
caule
Marcha
,
Marcha
.
whiche
in
weyght
amounteth
to
fyftie
pieces
of
golde
cauled
Castellani
.
But
the
Castilians
,
caule
a
pound
Pesum
.
We
conclude
therfore
,
Pesus
.
that
the
sume
hereof
,
was
.xv.
thousande
of
those
peeces
of
golde
cauled
Castellani
.
And
thus
is
it
apparente
by
this
accompte
,
that
they
receaued
of
the
barbarous
kynges
,
a
thousande
and
fyue
hundreth
poundes
of
eyght
ounces
to
the
pounde
.
A
thousande
and
fyue
hundreth
pounds
weyght
of
wrought
gold
All
the
whiche
they
founde
redy
wrought
in
sundry
kyndes
of
ouches
,
as
cheynes
,
braselets
,
tablets
,
and
plates
,
bothe
to
hange
before
theyr
brestes
,
and
also
at
theyr
eares
,
and
nosethryls
.
Valdiuia
therefore
tooke
shyppinge
in
the
same
carauell
in
the
whiche
he
came
last
,
and
returned
also
beefore
the
thyrde
day
of
the
Ides
of
Ianuary
,
in
the
yeare
of
Christ
M.D.XI.
What
chaunced
to
hym
in
this
vyage
,
wee
wyll
declare
in
place
conuenient
.
But
let
vs
nowe
returne
to
them
which
remayned
in
Vraba
.
After
the
dismissinge
of
Valdiuia
,
beinge
pricked
forwarde
with
owtragious
hunger
,
they
determined
to
searche
the
inner
partes
of
that
goulfe
in
sundry
places
.
The
goulfe
of
Uraba
.
The
extreme
angle
or
poynt
of
the
same
goulfe
is
distant
from
the
enterance
therof
,
aboute
foure
score
myles
.
This
angle
or
corner
,
the
Spanyardes
caule
Culata
.
Culata
.
Vaschus
hym selfe
came
to
this
poynte
with
a
hundreth
men
,
coastynge
alonge
by
the
goulfe
with
one
brygantine
and
certeyne
of
the
boates
of
those
regions
,
which
the
Urabians
caule
Vru
,
Uaschus
searcheth
the
goulfe
of
Uraba
.
lyke
vnto
them
whiche
th
inhabitantes
of
Hispaniola
caule
Canoas
.
From
this
poynt
,
there
fauleth
a
ryuer
from
the
East
into
the
goulfe
,
A
maruelous
great
ryuer
▪
faulyng
into
the
g●u●fe
of
Uraba
.
ten
tymes
bygger
then
the
ryuer
of
Dariena
which
also
fauleth
into
the
same
.
Saylyng
alonge
by
the
ryuer
about
the
space
of
thirtie
myles
(
for
they
caule
it
nyne
leaques
)
and
sumwhat
inclynynge
towarde
the
ryght
hande
southwarde
,
they
founde
certeyne
vyllages
of
th
inhabitantes
,
the
Kynge
whereof
,
was
cauled
Dabaiba
.
Owre
men
also
were
certifyed
before
,
that
Cemacchus
the
kynge
of
Dariena
whom
they
put
to
flyght
in
the
battayle
,
kynge
Dabaiba
and
●hemacchus
,
are
dryuen
to
flyght
.
fledde
to
this
Dabaiba
.
But
at
the
commynge
of
owre
men
,
Dabaiba
also
fledde
.
It
is
thowght
that
he
was
admonysshed
by
Cemacchus
,
that
he
shulde
not
abyde
the
brunte
of
owre
men
.
He
folowed
his
counsayle
:
for●ooke
his
vyllages
,
and
lefte
all
thynges
desolate
.
Yet
owre
men
founde
heapes
of
bowes
and
arrowes
:
Also
much
household
stuffe
and
many
fysshyng
boates
.
But
those
maryshe
groundes
were
neyther
apte
for
sowinge
of
seedes
or
planting
of
trees
.
Marysshe
grounde
By
reason
wherof
,
they
founde
there
fewe
suche
thynges
as
they
desyred
that
is
,
plentie
of
vytayles
.
For
th
inhabitantes
of
this
Region
,
haue
noo
breade
but
such
as
they
get
in
other
contreys
nere
abowte
them
by
exchaunge
for
theyr
fy●she
,
only
to
serue
theyr
owne
necessitie
.
Yet
founde
they
in
the
houses
of
them
that
fledde
,
golde
wrought
and
grauen
,
amountynge
to
the
sume
of
seuen
thousande
of
those
pieces
whiche
we
sayde
to
bee
cauled
Castellani
:
wrought
gold
wheyghynge
vii
.
thousand
Castellane●
.
Also
certeyne
canoas
:
of
the
which
they
brought
away
twoo
with
them
,
and
great
plentie
of
theyr
hou●holde
stuffe
,
with
certeyne
bundels
of
bowes
and
arrowes
.
They
saye
,
that
from
the
marysshes
of
that
ryuer
,
there
coome
certeyne
battes
in
the
nyght
season
,
as
bygge
as
turtle
dooues
,
Battes
as
bygge
as
turtle
doue●
.
inuadyng
men
and
bytinge
them
with
a
deadly
wounde
,
as
sume
of
them
testifie
whiche
haue
byn
bytten
of
the
same
.
I
my selfe
communing
with
Ancisus
the
Lieuetenant
whom
they
reiected
,
Ancisus
bytten
of
a
batte
and
amonge
other
thynges
askynge
him
of
the
venemous
bytinge
of
these
battes
,
he
toulde
me
that
he
hym selfe
was
bytten
by
one
of
them
on
the
heele
,
his
foote
lyinge
vncouered
in
the
nyght
by
reason
of
the
heate
in
sommer
season
:
But
that
it
hurt
hym
noo
more
,
then
yf
he
hadde
byn
bytten
by
any
other
beaste
not
venemous
.
Other
saye
,
that
the
bytynge
of
sume
of
them
is
venemous
:
Yet
that
the
same
is
healed
incontinently
,
Remedies
ageynst
venemous
arrows
if
it
be
wasshed
with
water
of
the
sea
.
Ancisus
toulde
me
also
,
that
the
venemous
woundes
made
by
the
Canibales
arrowes
infected
with
poyson
,
are
healed
by
wasshynge
with
water
of
the
sea
,
and
also
by
cauterising
with
hotte
Irens
:
And
that
he
had
experience
thereof
in
the
region
of
Caribana
,
where
many
of
his
men
were
so
wounded
.
They
departed
therfore
,
from
the
poynte
of
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
,
not
well
contented
bycause
they
were
not
laden
with
vitailes
.
In
this
their
returne
,
there
arose
soo
greate
a
tempest
in
that
wyde
goulfe
,
A
tempest
.
that
they
were
enforced
to
caste
into
the
sea
,
all
the
householde
stuffe
whiche
they
tooke
from
the
poore
wretches
whiche
lyued
onely
by
fisshinge
.
The
sea
also
swalowed
vpp
the
two
boates
that
they
tooke
from
theym
,
wherewyth
the
men
were
likewise
drowned
.
The
same
tyme
that
Vaschus
Nunnez
attempted
to
searche
the
poynte
of
the
goulfe
towarde
the
southe
,
euen
then
by
agremente
,
dyd
Rodericus
Colmenaris
take
his
viage
towarde
the
mountaynes
by
the
easte
,
Colmenaris
taketh
his
vyage
towarde
the
montains
with
threscormen
,
by
the
ryuer
of
the
other
goulfe
.
Aboute
fortie
miles
distante
from
the
mouthe
of
the
ryuer
,
(
for
they
caule
it
twelue
leaques
)
he
founde
certeyne
vilages
situate
vppon
the
bankes
of
the
ryuer
,
whose
Chiui
,
(
that
is
,
)
kinge
,
they
caule
Turui
.
With
this
kinge
dyd
Colmenaris
yet
remayne
when
Vaschus
after
his
returne
to
Dariena
,
sayling
by
the
same
ryuer
,
came
to
hym
.
Here
refresshinge
theyr
hole
coompany
with
the
vitailes
of
this
Turui
,
kynge
Turui
.
they
departed
from
thense
togyther
.
Other
fortie
myles
from
hense
,
the
ryuer
encoompaseth
an
Iland
inhabited
with
fyssher
men
.
In
this
,
bycause
they
sawe
greate
plentie
of
the
trees
which
beare
Cassia
f●stula
,
they
named
the
Iland
Cannafistula
.
The
Iland
of
Cannafistula
.
They
found
in
it
,
threescore
villages
of
tenne
cotages
apiece
.
On
the
right
syde
of
the
Iland
there
runneth
an
other
ryuer
,
whose
chanell
is
of
depth
suffiente
to
beare
brigantines
.
This
ryuer
they
cauled
Riuum
Nigrum
:
She
ryuer
or
Riuu●
Niger
.
A
to●●e
of
v.
hundreth
houses
.
from
the
mouthe
wherof
about
xv
.
myles
distante
they
founde
a
towne
of
fyue
hundreth
houses
seuered
:
whose
Chebi
,
(
that
is
,
)
kinge
,
was
cauled
Abenamachei
.
They
all
forsooke
theyr
houses
as
soone
as
they
harde
of
owre
mennes
commyng
.
But
when
they
sawe
that
owre
men
pursued
them
,
they
turned
ageyne
and
ranne
vppon
them
with
desperate
mindes
,
as
men
driuen
from
their
owne
possessions
.
Theyr
wepons
,
are
swordes
of
wod
,
and
long
staues
like
iauelens
,
hardened
at
the
ende
with
fyer
:
But
they
vse
neyther
bowes
nor
arrowes
:
nor
any
other
of
th
inhabitantes
of
the
weste
syde
of
the
goulfe
.
Th●nhabitantes
of
the
west
●yde
of
the
goulfe
.
The
pore
naked
wretches
were
easely
dryuen
to
flight
with
owre
weapons
.
As
owre
men
folowed
theym
in
the
chase
,
they
tooke
the
kinge
Abenamachei
and
certeine
of
his
noble
men
.
kynge
Abenamachei
,
is
taken
and
his
arme
cut
of
.
A
common
souldier
of
owres
whom
the
kynge
had
wounded
,
coomminge
to
hym
when
he
was
taken
,
cutte
of
his
arme
at
one
stroke
with
his
swoorde
.
But
this
was
doone
vnwares
to
the
capitaynes
.
The
number
of
the
Christian
men
which
were
here
,
was
aboute
a
hundrethe
and
fiftie
:
the
one
halfe
whereof
,
the
capytaynes
lefte
here
,
and
they
with
the
resydue
,
rowed
vpp
the
ryuer
ageyne
with
twelue
of
the
boates
of
those
Regions
,
whiche
they
caul
.
Vru
,
as
they
of
Hispaniola
caule
them
Canoas
,
as
we
haue
sayde
.
From
the
ryuer
of
Riuus
Niger
and
the
Iland
of
Cannafistula
,
Many
other
ryuers
fauling
into
Riuus
Niger
.
for
the
space
of
threescore
and
ten
myles
,
leauing
both
on
the
right
hande
&
on
the
lefte
many
riuers
faulinge
into
it
bigger
then
it selfe
,
they
entred
into
one
by
the
conductynge
of
one
of
the
naked
inhabitantes
,
beinge
appoynted
a
guyde
for
that
purpose
.
Uppon
the
banke
of
this
ryuer
next
vnto
the
mouthe
of
the
same
,
there
was
a
kynge
cauled
Abibeiba
:
kyng
abibeiba
dwellethe
in
a
tree
.
who
,
bycause
the
Region
was
full
of
marysshes
,
had
his
palaice
buylded
in
the
toppe
of
a
highe
tree
,
a
newe
kynde
of
byldynge
and
seldome
seene
.
But
that
lande
beareth
trees
of
suche
exceding
heigth
,
Abundance
of
moyster
&
heat
is
cause
of
byggenes
.
that
emonge
theyr
branches
,
a
man
may
frame
large
houses
:
As
wee
reede
the
like
in
diuers
autoures
howe
in
many
Regions
where
the
ocean
sea
rysethe
and
ouerflowethe
the
lande
,
the
people
were
accustomed
to
flye
to
the
high
trees
,
and
after
the
faule
of
the
water
,
to
take
the
fysshe
lefte
on
the
lande
.
The
rysynge
of
the
Ocean
sea
.
This
maner
of
buyldinge
,
is
to
laye
beames
crosse
ouer
the
branches
of
the
trees
,
faste
bownde
togyther
,
and
there
vppon
to
rayse
theyr
frame
,
strongly
made
ageynste
wynde
and
wether
.
Owre
men
suppose
that
they
buylde
theyr
houses
in
trees
,
by
reason
of
the
greate
fluddes
and
ouerflowinge
of
ryuers
whiche
often
tymes
chaunce
in
those
Regions
.
These
trees
are
of
suche
heighth
,
Trees
of
maruelous
height
that
the
strength
of
no
manes
arme
is
able
to
hurle
a
stone
to
the
houses
buylded
therein
.
And
therfore
doo
I
gyue
the
better
credit
to
Plinie
and
other
autours
whiche
wrytte
that
the
trees
in
sume
places
in
India
are
soo
high
by
reason
of
the
frutefulnes
of
the
grounde
,
Plinie
.
abundance
of
water
,
and
heate
of
the
Region
,
that
noo
man
is
able
to
shute
ouer
theym
with
an
arrowe
.
And
by
iudgemente
of
all
men
,
it
is
thowght
that
there
is
noo
frutfuller
ground
vnder
the
soonne
,
Frutefull
grounde
.
then
this
is
whereof
wee
nowe
entreate
.
Owr
men
measuringe
manye
of
these
trees
,
founde
theym
to
bee
of
suche
biggnes
,
that
seuen
men
,
ye
sumetymes
eight
,
holdinge
hande
in
hande
with
theyr
armes
streached
furthe
,
were
scarsely
able
too
fath●me
them
aboute
.
Yet
haue
they
theyr
cellers
in
the
grounde
,
Cellers
in
the
grounde
.
well
replenysshed
with
such
wynes
wherof
wee
haue
spoken
beefore
.
For
albeit
that
the
vehemencie
of
the
wynde
,
is
not
of
poure
to
caste
downe
those
houses
,
or
to
breeke
the
branches
of
the
trees
,
yet
are
they
tossed
therewith
,
and
swaye
sumwhat
from
syde
to
syde
,
by
reason
wherof
,
the
wyne
shulde
bee
muche
troubeled
with
moouinge
.
All
other
necessarye
thinges
,
they
haue
with
theym
in
the
trees
.
When
the
kynge
or
any
other
of
the
noble
men
,
dyne
or
suppe
in
these
trees
,
theyr
wyues
are
browght
theym
from
the
celleres
by
theyr
seruantes
,
whyche
by
meanes
of
exercise
,
are
accustomed
with
noo
lesse
celeritie
to
runne
vppe
and
downe
the
steares
adherente
to
the
tree
,
then
doo
owre
waytynge
boyes
vppon
the
playne
grounde
,
fetche
vs
what
wee
caule
for
from
the
cobbarde
bysyde
owr
dyninge
table
.
Owre
men
therfore
,
came
to
the
tree
of
kinge
Abibeiba
,
and
by
th
interpretoures
cauled
hym
foorthe
to
communication
,
gyuinge
hym
signes
of
peace
,
and
there
vppon
willinge
hym
to
coomme
downe
.
But
he
denyed
that
he
woolde
coomme
owte
of
his
house
:
Desyringe
them
to
suffer
hym
to
lyue
after
his
fasshion
.
But
owre
men
fell
from
fayre
woordes
to
threateninge
,
that
excepte
he
wolde
descende
with
all
his
famelie
,
they
wolde
eyther
ouerthrowe
the
tree
,
or
elles
set
it
on
fyer
.
When
he
had
denied
them
ageyne
,
they
fell
to
hewinge
the
tree
with
theyr
axes
.
Abibeiba
seeinge
the
chippes
faule
from
the
tree
on
euery
syde
,
Abibeiba
,
the
kynge
of
the
tree
,
yeldethe
to
Uaschus
.
chaunged
his
purpose
,
and
came
downe
with
only
two
of
his
soones
.
Thus
after
they
had
entreated
of
peace
,
they
communed
of
gatheringe
of
golde
.
Abibeiba
answered
that
he
had
noo
golde
,
and
that
he
neuer
had
any
neede
therof
,
nor
yet
regarded
it
any
more
then
stones
.
But
when
they
were
instante
vppon
hym
,
he
sayde
vnto
them
.
Gold
no
more
estemed
then
stones
.
If
yowe
soo
greatly
desyre
golde
,
I
will
seeke
for
sume
in
the
nexte
mountaynes
,
and
bringe
it
vnto
yowe
.
For
it
is
plentifully
engendred
in
those
mountaynes
.
Then
he
appointed
a
day
when
he
wold
bringe
this
golde
.
But
Abibeiba
came
neyther
at
the
day
,
nor
after
the
daye
appoynted
.
They
departed
therfore
from
thense
well
refresshed
with
his
vitailes
and
wyne
,
but
not
with
goulde
as
they
hoped
.
Yet
were
they
enformed
the
like
by
Abibeiba
and
his
ditionaries
as
concerninge
the
golde
mynes
and
the
Canibales
,
as
they
harde
before
of
kinge
Comogrus
.
Saylinge
yet
further
aboute
thirtie
myles
,
they
chaunced
vppon
certeyne
cotages
of
the
Canibales
:
Canibales
.
But
vtterly
voyde
with
owte
men
or
stuffe
.
For
when
they
had
knowleage
that
owre
men
wandered
in
the
prouinces
nere
aboute
theym
they
resorted
to
the
mountaynes
,
caryinge
al
theyr
goodes
and
stuffe
wyth
them
.
¶
The
fyfte
booke
of
the
seconde
Decade
of
the
supposed
continent
.
IN
the
meane
tyme
whyle
these
thynges
were
doone
alonge
by
the
shores
or
bankes
of
the
ryuer
,
a
certeyne
Decurian
,
that
is
a
capytayne
ouer
tenne
,
of
the
coompanye
of
those
which
Vascus
and
Colmenaris
had
lefte
for
a
garryson
in
Riuo
Nigro
in
the
dominion
of
kynge
Abinamachei
,
whether
it
were
that
he
was
compelled
throwgh
hunger
,
or
that
his
fataule
dayes
was
nowe
coome
,
he
attempted
with
his
souldiers
to
searche
the
countreys
nere
there
about
,
and
entered
into
the
vyllage
of
a
king
cauled
Abraiba
.
kyng
Abraib●
This
capitaynes
name
was
Raia
:
whom
Abraiba
slewe
,
with
twoo
of
his
felowes
:
but
the
resydue
fledde
.
Within
a
fewe
dayes
after
,
Abraiba
hauinge
compassion
of
the
calamitie
of
his
kynseman
and
neyghbour
Abenamacheius
being
dryuen
from
his
owne
possessions
(
whose
arme
also
we
sayd
before
that
one
of
the
souldiers
cut
of
at
the
riuer
of
Riuo
Nigro
and
nowe
remaynynge
with
Abraiba
to
whome
he
fledde
by
stelth
after
he
was
taken
,
went
to
Abibeiba
th
inhabitour
of
the
tree
,
who
had
nowe
lykewyse
forsaken
his
contrey
for
feare
of
owre
men
,
and
wandered
in
the
desolate
mountaynes
and
wooddes
.
When
he
had
therfore
founde
him
,
he
spake
to
him
in
this
effecte
.
Abraiba
causeth
the
kynges
to
rebell
.
What
thynge
is
this
Oh
vnfortunate
Abibeiba
?
or
what
nation
is
this
that
soo
tormenteth
vs
that
wee
can
not
enioye
owre
quyet
lybertie
?
Howe
longe
,
howe
longe
I
say
shall
wee
suffer
theyr
crueltie
?
were
it
not
much
better
for
vs
to
die
,
then
to
abide
such
iniuries
and
oppre●sions
as
yow
,
as
Abinamacheius
owre
kynseman
,
as
Cemacchus
,
as
Careta
,
as
Poncha
,
as
I
and
other
princes
of
owr
order
doo
susteyne
?
Canne
any
thinge
bee
more
intollerable
then
to
see
owre
wyues
,
owre
chyldren
,
and
owre
subiectes
,
to
bee
ledde
awaye
captiues
,
and
owre
goodes
to
be
spoyled
euen
before
owre
faces
.
I
take
the
goddes
to
wytnes
,
that
I
speake
not
soo
much
for
myne
owne
part
as
I
doo
for
yowe
whose
case
I
lament
.
For
albeit
they
haue
not
yet
touched
me
,
neuer●helesse
,
by
the
example
of
other
,
I
owght
to
thynke
that
my
destruction
is
not
farre
of
.
Men
good
enowgh
yf
they
had
●ren
Let
vs
therfore
(
yf
wee
bee
men
)
trye
owre
strengthe
and
proue
owre
fortune
ageynst
them
whiche
haue
delte
thus
cruelly
with
Abenam●cheius
,
and
dryuen
hym
owte
of
his
contrey
.
Let
vs
set
on
them
with
all
owre
poure
,
and
vtterly
destroy
them
And
yf
wee
can
not
sleye
them
al
,
yet
shall
wee
make
them
afrayde
eyther
to
assayle
vs
ageyne
,
or
at
the
least
dimynysshe
theyr
poure
.
For
what
soo
euer
shall
befaule
,
nothynge
can
chaunce
woorse
vnto
vs
then
that
which
we
now
suffer
.
When
Abibeiba
harde
these
wordes
and
such
other
like
,
he
condecended
to
doo
in
al
thinges
as
Abraiba
wolde
requyre
:
Where
vppon
they
appoynted
a
day
to
brynge
theyr
conspiracie
to
passe
.
But
the
thynge
chaunced
not
accordynge
to
their
desyre
.
For
of
those
whiche
wee
sayde
to
haue
passed
to
the
Canibales
,
there
returned
by
chaunce
to
Riuus
Niger
the
nyght
before
the
day
appoynted
to
woorke
theyr
feate
,
thirtie
men
to
the
ayde
of
theym
whiche
were
lefte
there
yf
anye
sedition
shulde
ryse
they
suspected
.
The
kynges
are
dryuen
to
flyght
.
Therfore
at
the
daunyng
of
the
day
,
the
confetherate
kynges
with
fyue
hundreth
of
theyr
ditionaries
armed
after
theyr
maner
,
beseaged
the
vyllage
with
a
terrible
alarome
,
knowynge
nothynge
of
the
newe
menne
which
came
thether
the
same
nyght
.
Here
owre
target
men
came
foorth
ageynst
them
,
and
fyrst
assayled
them
a
farre
of
with
theyr
arrowes
,
then
with
theyr
pykes
,
and
laste
with
theyr
swoordes
:
But
the
naked
seely
sowles
,
perceauinge
a
greater
number
of
theyr
aduersaries
than
they
looked
for
,
Captyues
.
were
soone
dryuen
to
flyght
,
and
slayne
for
the
most
parte
lyke
scaterynge
sheepe
.
The
kynges
escaped
,
they
slewe
manye
,
and
tooke
many
captiues
whiche
they
sente
to
Dariena
where
they
vse
them
for
labourers
to
tyll
and
sowe
theyr
grounde
.
These
thynges
thus
happely
atchyued
,
and
that
prouince
quyeted
,
they
returned
by
the
ryuer
to
Dariena
,
leauinge
theyr
thyrtie
men
for
a
garryson
vnder
the
gouernance
of
one
Furatado
a
capitayne
.
A
garyson
of
xxx
.
men
.
This
Furatado
therfore
,
sente
from
Riu●
Nigro
where
he
was
appoynted
gouernoure
,
twentie
of
his
felowes
&
one
woman
,
with
,
xxiiii
.
captiues
to
Vaschus
and
his
company
,
in
one
of
the
byggest
Canoas
of
that
prouince
.
As
they
rowed
downe
by
the
ryuer
,
xviii
.
Spanyardes
slayne
and
drowned
there
came
foorth
soodenly
ouerthwarte
the
ryuer
ageynst
them
,
foure
greate
Canoas
,
which
ouerthrew
theyr
boate
and
slewe
as
many
of
them
as
they
coulde
coome
by
,
bycause
they
were
vnprepared
suspecting
noo
such
thinge
.
Owre
men
were
all
drowned
and
slayne
excepte
twoo
,
which
hyd
them selues
amonge
certeyne
fagottes
that
swamme
on
the
water
,
in
the
whiche
they
laye
lurkynge
,
and
soo
escaped
to
theyr
felowes
in
Dariena
:
who
by
them
beinge
aduertysed
hereof
,
beganne
to
caste
theyr
wyttes
what
this
thyng
might
meane
:
beinge
no
lesse
solicitate
for
them selues
,
then
meditatynge
in
what
daunger
theyr
felowes
had
byn
in
Riuo
Nigro
,
excepte
by
good
fortune
,
those
thirtie
newe
men
which
were
sente
to
them
,
had
coome
to
the
vyllage
the
nyght
before
the
conspiracie
shulde
haue
byn
wrought
.
Consultinge
therefore
what
was
best
to
bee
doone
herein
,
at
the
lengthe
with
dylygent
searchynge
they
had
intelligence
that
fyue
kynge
,
that
is
to
wytte
,
Abibeiba
the
inhabitoure
of
the
tree
,
The
kinges
which
conspired
the
death
of
the
Christians
.
and
Cem●cchus
dryuen
from
his
vyllage
whiche
owre
menne
nowe
possessed
,
Abraiba
also
and
Abenamacheius
,
kynsemen
,
with
Dabaiba
the
king
of
the
fysher
men
inhabytinge
the
corner
of
the
goulfe
whiche
we
cauled
Culata
,
were
all
a●sembled
to
conspire
the
Christian
mens
destruction
at
a
day
assigned
.
Which
thynge
had
surely
coome
to
passe
,
if
it
had
not
byn
otherwyse
hyndered
by
gods
prouidence
.
It
is
therfore
ascrybed
to
a
myracle
:
A
strange
chaunce
.
And
trewly
not
vnwoorthely
if
wee
weye
howe
chaunce
detected
and
bewrayed
the
counsayle
of
these
kynges
.
And
bycause
it
is
worthy
to
bee
harde
,
I
wyll
declare
it
in
fewe
woordes
.
Vaschus
Nunnez
therfore
,
Vaschus
.
who
rather
by
poure
then
by
election
,
vsurped
the
gouernaunce
in
Dariena
,
beinge
a
master
of
fence
,
and
rather
a
rasshe
royster
then
politike
capitayne
(
althowgh
fortune
sumtyme
fauoureth
fooles
)
amonge
many
women
which
in
dyuers
of
these
regions
he
had
taken
captyue
,
had
one
whiche
in
fauoure
and
bewtie
excelled
all
other
.
To
this
woman
her
owne
brother
often
tymes
resorted
,
women
can
keepe
no
coun●ayle
.
who
was
also
dryuen
owte
of
his
contrey
with
kynge
Cemacchus
,
with
whom
he
was
very
familier
and
one
of
his
chiefe
gentelmen
.
Amonge
other
communication
which
he
had
with
his
syster
whom
he
loued
entierly
,
he
vttered
these
woordes
.
My
deare
and
welbeloued
syster
,
gyue
care
to
my
sayinges
,
and
keepe
moste
secreatelye
that
whiche
I
wyll
declare
vnto
yowe
,
yf
yowe
desyre
yowre
owne
wealth
and
myne
,
and
the
prosperitie
of
owre
contrey
and
kynsefolkes
.
The
insolencie
and
crueltie
of
these
menne
whiche
haue
dryuen
vs
owte
of
owre
possessions
,
is
soo
intollerable
,
that
the
princes
of
the
lande
are
determyned
noo
longer
to
susteyne
theyr
oppressions
.
By
the
conductinge
therfore
of
fyue
kinges
(
which
he
named
in
order
)
they
haue
prepared
a
hundreth
greate
Canoas
,
An
army
of
C●anoas
and
lyue
.
W●men
with
fyue
thousande
men
of
warre
by
lande
and
by
sea
,
with
vitailes
also
in
the
village
of
Tichiri
,
sufficient
to
maintayne
such
an
army
.
Declaringe
further
,
that
the
kinges
by
agremente
,
had
diuided
emonge
theym
the
goodes
and
headdes
to
owre
men
:
Tryu●phe
before
victory
And
therfore
admony●hed
her
,
at
the
daye
appoynted
by
sume
occasion
to
conueigh
her selfe
owte
of
the
way
,
leste
shee
shuld
bee
slayne
in
the
confusion
of
the
bataile
.
For
the
souldier
victourer
,
is
not
woonte
to
spare
any
that
commethe
in
his
rase
.
And
thus
shewinge
his
syster
the
daye
a●●igned
to
the
slawghter
,
Affection
corru●teth
trew
iudgement
.
he
departed
.
But
the
younge
woman
(
for
it
is
the
swoord
that
women
feare
and
obserue
more
then
the
grauitie
of
Cato
,
)
whether
it
were
for
the
loue
or
feare
that
shee
had
to
Vaschus
,
forgettinge
her
parentes
,
her
kynsfolkes
,
her
countrey
and
all
her
frendes
,
ye
and
all
the
kinges
into
whose
throtes
Vaschus
,
had
thruste
his
swoorde
shee
opened
all
the
matter
vnto
hym
,
and
conceled
none
of
those
thinges
whiche
her
vndiscrete
broother
had
declared
to
her
.
When
Vaschus
therfore
had
hard
the
matter
,
he
caused
Fuluia
,
(
for
soo
had
they
named
her
)
to
sende
for
her
brother
,
who
came
to
her
immediatly
,
was
taken
,
and
enforced
to
tell
the
hole
circunstances
of
the
matter
.
Where
vppon
,
he
playnely
confessed
that
kinge
Cemacchus
hys
lorde
and
master
,
sente
those
foure
canoas
to
the
destruction
of
owre
men
,
and
that
these
newe
conspiraces
were
attempted
by
his
consaile
.
The
con●pir●ti●
of
the
kynges
is
detected
.
Likewise
that
Cemacchus
sowght
the
destruction
of
Vaschus
hym selfe
when
he
sent
hym
fortie
men
vnder
pretence
of
fren●shippe
to
tyll
and
sowe
his
grownd
after
the
maner
of
the
contrey
,
gyuinge
them
in
commaundement
to
sleye
Vaschus
at
Marris
,
whyther
he
resorted
to
comforte
his
laboures
as
the
maner
is
of
all
good
husbandes
.
Yet
durste
they
at
noo
tyme
execute
theyr
lordes
commaundemente
vppon
hym
,
bycause
Vaschus
came
neuer
emonge
them
afoote
or
vnarmed
,
kyng
Cemacchus
,
con●●●reth
the
o●th
of
Uaschus
.
but
was
accustomed
to
ryde
to
theym
in
harnes
with
a
iauelen
in
his
hande
and
a
swoorde
by
his
syde
.
Wherfore
Cemacchus
beinge
frustrate
of
his
particu●er
con●aile
,
tooke
this
laste
thing
in
hande
to
his
owne
destruction
and
his
neighbours
.
For
the
conspiracie
beinge
detected
,
Vaschus
cauled
threescore
and
tenne
souldiers
,
Ua●chus
purseweth
the
kynges
with
threescore
&
ten
men
.
commaundinge
them
to
folow
him
,
but
declared
nothing
vnto
them
whether
hee
wente
or
what
hee
entended
to
do
.
He
wente
forwarde
therfore
fyrste
towarde
Cemacchus
which
ley
from
hym
,
onely
tenne
myles
.
But
he
had
knowleage
that
he
was
fledde
to
Dabaiba
the
kinge
of
the
marishes
of
Culata
.
Yet
searchinge
his
village
,
he
founde
a
noble
man
a
ruler
vnder
hym
and
also
his
kinsseman
,
whome
he
tooke
prisoner
with
many
other
of
his
familiers
and
frendes
both
men
and
women
.
The
same
houre
that
he
sette
forwarde
to
seeke
for
Cemacchus
,
Rodericus
Colmenaris
rowed
vp
the
ryuer
with
foure
of
theyr
biggeste
Canoas
and
threescore
men
by
the
conduction
of
the
maydes
brother
who
browght
hym
to
the
village
of
●ichiri
,
Colmenaris
●acketh
the
vylage
of
Cichiri
.
in
the
which
we
sayd
all
their
vitailes
to
remayne
whiche
were
prepared
for
theyr
armye
.
Colmenaris
therfore
,
sacked
the
village
,
and
possessed
all
their
vitayles
and
wyne
of
sundry
colours
:
likewise
tooke
the
gouernoure
thereof
prisoner
,
and
hanged
hym
on
the
tree
in
whiche
he
dwelte
hym selfe
,
commaundinge
hym
too
bee
shotte
throwgh
with
arrowes
in
the
sight
of
th
inhabitantes
,
Fyue
rulers
hanged
and
shot
th●owgh
with
arrows
.
and
with
hym
foure
other
rulers
to
bee
hanged
on
iebbettes
to
the
exemple
of
other
rebelles
.
This
punysshmente
thus
executed
vppon
the
conspiratours
,
s●rooke
the
hartes
of
all
th
inhabitantes
of
the
prouince
wych
suche
feare
,
that
there
is
not
nowe
a
man
that
dare
stoore
his
finger
ageynst
the
wrathe
of
owre
men
.
They
lyue
nowe
therefore
quietly
:
And
the
other
kinges
by
theyr
exemple
doo
the
gladlyer
liue
in
subiection
,
with
lesse
offence
bearinge
the
yoke
whyche
they
can
by
noo
meanes
shake
of
.
The
syxte
booke
of
the
seconde
decade
of
the
supposed
continente
.
THese
thinges
,
thus
fynysshed
,
assemblinge
all
their
company
togither
they
determined
with
one
consente
,
that
a
messynger
shulde
foorth
with
bee
sente
to
Hispaniola
(
from
whense
they
haue
their
lawes
and
ayde
)
to
declare
the
hole
order
of
all
these
affayres
,
fyrste
to
the
admirall
and
gouernoure
of
the
Ilande
,
and
afterwarde
to
the
Kinge
of
Spayne
,
and
to
persuade
hym
to
sen●e
those
thousand
men
which
younge
Comogrus
said
to
bee
expediente
to
passe
ouer
the
mountaynes
lying
betwene
them
and
the
golden
regions
towarde
the
Southe
.
The
golden
region●
on
the
south
side
the
mountaynes
.
Vaschus
him selfe
dyd
greatly
affecte
this
embasage
:
But
neyther
woolde
the
resydewe
of
his
felowes
electe
hym
therto
,
nor
his
factionaries
suffer
hym
to
departe
:
Aswell
for
that
therby
they
thought
they
shulde
bee
left
desolate
,
as
also
that
they
murmured
that
if
Vaschus
shulde
once
goo
from
theym
,
he
wolde
neuer
returne
to
suche
turmoyles
and
calamities
,
by
th
exemple
of
Valdiuia
and
zamudius
,
The
death
of
Ualdiuia
and
zamudius
.
who
had
byn
now
absente
sence
the
mooneth
of
Ianuary
,
in
soo
muche
that
they
thowght
they
woolde
neuer
coomme
ageine
.
But
the
matter
was
otherwise
then
they
tooke
it
,
as
I
wyl
shewe
in
his
place
.
For
they
were
perissh●d
.
At
the
lengeth
after
many
scrutinies
,
they
elected
one
Iohn
Quicedus
,
Iohannes
Quiced●s
is
sent
to
Spain
a
graue
man
well
in
yeares
,
&
treasourer
of
the
kings
escheker
in
those
prouinces
.
They
had
conceaued
a
good
opinion
of
this
Quicedus
that
all
thynges
shulde
bee
well
browght
to
passe
by
his
meanes
,
aswell
for
his
wysdome
,
as
also
that
they
were
in
good
hop
of
his
returne
,
bycause
he
had
brought
his
wiffe
with
hym
to
those
regions
,
whome
he
lefte
with
his
felowes
for
a
pledge
of
his
comminge
ageyne
.
When
they
had
thus
elected
Quicedus
,
they
were
ageyne
of
diuers
opinions
whome
they
might
ioyne
with
hym
for
assistance
:
Affirminge
that
it
were
a
daungerous
thinge
to
committe
soo
weightye
a
matter
to
one
mans
handes
.
Not
that
they
mistrusted
Quicedus
.
but
bycause
the
life
of
man
is
frayle
,
and
the
chaunge
of
the
ayer
perelous
,
Chaunge
of
the
ayer
is
daungerous
.
especially
to
theym
hauynge
nowe
of
longe
tyme
byn
accustomed
to
the
temperature
nere
vnto
the
Equinoc●iall
,
if
they
shulde
bee
compelled
to
returne
to
the
North
with
alteration
of
ayer
&
dyet
.
They
thowght
it
therfore
good
to
appoynt
a
companion
to
Quicedus
,
that
if
●y
chance
the
one
shuld
fayl
the
other
might
remayne
:
And
that
if
they
both
escaped
,
the
king
shuld
gyue
the
better
credit
to
the
relation
of
both
:
After
longe
consultation
therfore
,
they
chose
Rodericus
Colmenaris
a
man
of
good
experience
,
Rodericus
Colmenaris
assist●nt
wi●●
Quicedus
.
of
whom
we
haue
often
tymes
made
mencion
.
For
from
his
youth
,
he
had
trauayled
ouer
al
Europe
by
land
and
by
sea
,
and
was
present
at
the
doinges
of
all
thynges
in
Italy
ageynst
the
Frenchemen
:
Of
whose
returne
also
,
they
had
noo
smaule
hope
bycause
he
had
many
fermes
and
h●dde
tylled
and
sowne
much
grounde
in
Dariena
,
by
th
increase
wherof
he
might
get
much
gold
by
sellyng
the
same
to
his
felows
.
He
lefte
therfore
the
charge
of
al
his
affayres
in
Dariena
,
with
his
partener
Alphonsus
Nunnez
,
a
Iudge
of
the
lawe
,
who
also
was
lyke
to
haue
byn
chosen
procuratoure
of
this
vyage
before
Colmenaris
if
one
had
not
put
theim
in
remembraunce
that
he
had
a
wyfe
at
Matritis
:
A
wyfe
is
a
hynderance
fearyng
least
beinge
ouercoome
with
her
teares
,
he
woolde
no
more
returne
.
Colmenaris
therefore
,
a
free
man
and
at
libertie
being
associate
assistant
with
Quicedus
they
tooke
shyppyng
togyther
in
a
brigantine
,
the
fourth
day
of
the
Calendes
of
Nouember
,
in
the
yeare
of
Christ
.1512
.
In
this
vyage
,
beinge
tossed
with
sundry
tempestes
,
they
were
by
the
violence
of
the
wynde
,
cast
vppon
the
Weste
coastes
of
that
large
Ilande
whiche
in
the
fyrste
Decade
we
cauled
Cuba
,
Cub●
.
supposed
to
haue
byn
fyrme
lande
.
They
were
sore
oppressed
with
hunger
.
For
it
was
nowe
three
moonethes
sence
they
departed
from
theyr
felowes
.
Three
moo●eth●●●rom
〈◊〉
to
Cuba
,
by
rea●on
of
tepest●
By
reason
whereof
,
they
were
enforced
to
take
lande
to
proue
what
ayde
they
coulde
gette
amonge
the
inhabitantes
.
Theyr
chaunce
therefore
,
was
to
arryue
in
that
part
of
the
Ilande
,
where
Valdiuia
was
dryuen
alande
by
tempest
.
But
oh
yowe
wretched
men
of
Dariena
?
Tary
for
Valdiuia
whom
yowe
sent
to
prouide
to
h●lpe
yowre
nece●sities
?
〈…〉
Prouyde
for
yowre
selues
rather
and
trust
not
to
them
whose
fortune
yowe
knowe
not
.
For
when
he
arryued
in
Cuba
,
th
inhabitantes
slewe
him
with
al
his
felowes
,
and
lefte
the
carauell
wherin
they
were
caried
,
torne
in
pieces
and
halfe
couered
with
sande
on
the
shore
:
where
Quicedus
and
Colmenaris
fyndyng
the
fragmentes
therof
,
bewayled
their
felowes
mysfortune
.
But
they
founde
none
of
theyr
carkeses
:
supposinge
that
they
were
eyther
drowned
,
or
deuoured
of
the
Canibals
,
which
oftentymes
make
incursions
into
that
Ilande
to
hunte
for
men
.
But
at
the
length
,
by
twoo
of
the
Ilande
men
which
they
had
taken
,
they
had
knowleage
of
Valdiuia
his
destruction
:
And
that
th
inhabitantes
the
more
greedely
attempted
the
same
,
hurt
of
lauyshenes
of
the
tonge
.
for
that
they
had
harde
by
the
bablynge
of
one
of
his
felowes
that
he
had
great
plentie
of
gold
.
For
they
also
take
pleasure
in
the
bewtie
of
gold
,
which
they
forme
artificially
into
sundry
ouches
.
Thus
owre
men
stryken
with
pensyuenes
for
the
cruell
destenie
of
theyr
felowes
,
and
in
vayne
seekynge
reuenge
for
theyr
iniuries
,
determyned
to
forsake
that
vnfortunate
lande
,
departynge
from
those
couetous
naked
barbarians
with
more
sorowe
and
necessitie
then
they
were
in
before
.
Or
euer
they
had
passed
the
South
syde
of
Cuba
,
they
fel
into
a
thousande
mysfortunes
:
and
had
intellygence
that
Fogeda
arryued
thereaboute
,
The
calamitie
&
death
of
Fogeda
.
leadynge
a
myserable
lyfe
,
tossed
and
turmoyled
with
tempestes
and
vexed
with
a
thousand
perplexities
:
Soo
that
departing
from
thense
almost
alone
,
his
felowes
beinge
for
the
most
parte
all
consumed
with
maladies
and
famyn
,
Maladies
&
famen
.
he
came
with
much
difficultie
to
Hispaniola
,
where
he
dyed
by
force
of
the
poyson
of
his
venemous
wound
which
he
had
receaued
in
Vraba
as
we
haue
said
before
.
But
Ancisus
elected
Lieuetenaunt
,
The
prosperous
vyage
of
Ancisus
.
sayled
by
all
those
coastes
with
much
better
fortune
.
For
as
he
hym selfe
toulde
me
,
he
founde
prosperous
wyndes
in
those
parties
,
and
was
well
enterteyned
of
th
inhabitantes
of
Cuba
.
But
this
specially
in
the
dominion
of
a
certeyne
kynge
whose
name
was
Commendator
.
A
kyng
of
Cuba
●aptised
by
the
name
of
Commendator
.
For
wheras
he
desyred
of
the
Christian
men
whiche
passed
by
,
to
bee
baptised
,
demaundynge
the
name
of
the
gouernour
of
the
Ilande
next
vnto
Hispaniola
,
beinge
a
noble
man
and
a
knyght
of
th
order
of
Galatraua
of
which
order
al
are
cauled
Commendatores
,
this
kynges
desyre
was
to
bee
named
after
hym
.
Kynge
Commendator
therfore
,
frendely
receaued
Ancisus
,
and
gaue
hym
greate
abundance
of
al
thynges
necessarie
.
But
what
Ancisus
lerned
of
theyr
religion
durynge
the
tyme
of
his
Ancisus
remaynynge
there
,
I
haue
thowght
good
to
aduertyse
yowre
holynes
.
Yowe
shall
therefore
vnderstande
,
A
maruelou●
historie
howe
God
wrought
miracles
by
the
simple
fayth
of
a
maryner
.
that
certeyne
of
owre
men
saylinge
by
the
coastes
of
Cuba
,
lefte
with
kynge
Commendator
▪
a
certeyne
poore
maryner
beinge
diseased
.
Who
in
shorte
space
recoueringe
his
health
,
and
hauynge
nowe
sumwhat
lerned
theyr
language
,
beganne
to
growe
into
great
estimation
with
the
kynge
and
his
subiectes
,
in
soo
muche
that
he
was
oftentymes
the
kynges
Lieuetenaunt
in
his
warres
ageynst
other
princes
his
bortherers
.
This
mans
fortune
was
soo
good
,
that
all
thynges
prospered
well
that
he
tooke
in
hande
.
And
albeit
that
he
were
not
lerned
,
yet
was
he
a
vertuous
and
well
meanynge
man
accordynge
to
his
knowleage
,
and
dyd
religiously
honoure
the
blessed
virgin
,
bearynge
euer
about
with
hym
her
picture
fayre
paynted
vpon
paper
&
sowd
in
his
apparell
nere
vnto
his
breste
:
Be
not
rashe
in
iudgement
Signifyinge
vnto
the
kyng
,
that
this
holynes
was
the
cause
of
al
his
victories
:
persuadynge
hym
to
doo
the
lyke
,
and
to
cast
away
all
his
Zemes
which
were
none
other
then
the
symilitudes
of
euyll
spirites
,
Zemes
,
moste
cruell
enemyes
and
deuourers
of
owre
sowles
:
And
to
take
vnto
hym
the
holy
virgin
and
moother
of
god
to
bee
his
patronesse
if
he
desyred
all
his
affayres
aswell
in
warre
as
in
peace
to
succede
prosperously
.
Also
that
the
blessed
virgyn
woolde
at
noo
tyme
fayle
hym
,
but
bee
euer
redy
to
helpe
him
and
his
,
if
they
woolde
with
deuoute
hartes
caule
vppon
her
name
.
The
maryner
had
soone
persuaded
the
naked
nation
:
And
there
vppon
gaue
the
kynge
(
who
demaunded
the
same
)
his
pycture
of
the
virgin
,
to
whom
he
buylded
and
dedicate
a
chapell
and
an
altare
,
A
chapel
builded
to
the
picture
of
the
virgin
Mary
euer
after
contemnynge
and
reiectynge
his
Zemes.
Of
these
Zemes
made
of
gossampine
cotton
to
the
similitudes
of
sprytes
walkynge
in
the
nyght
which
they
oftentymes
see
,
and
speake
with
them
familierly
,
wee
haue
spoken
sufficiently
in
the
nynth
booke
of
the
fyrst
Decade
.
Furthermore
,
accordynge
to
the
institution
of
this
maryner
;
when
the
soonne
draweth
towarde
the
faule
,
this
kynge
Commendator
with
all
his
famely
bothe
men
and
women
,
resorte
daylye
to
the
sayde
chapell
of
the
virgin
Marie
,
God
re●pecteth
the
infancie
of
fa●the
for
zeles
sake
where
kneelyng
on
theyr
knees
and
reuerently
bawyng
downe
theyr
heades
,
holdynge
theyr
handes
ioyned
togyther
,
they
salute
th
image
of
the
virgin
with
these
woordes
:
Aue
Maria
,
Aue
Maria.
For
fewe
of
them
can
rehearse
any
more
woordes
of
this
prayer
.
At
Ancisus
his
beinge
there
,
they
tooke
hym
and
his
felowes
by
the
handes
,
and
ledde
them
to
this
chapell
with
reioysinge
,
sayinge
that
they
woolde
shewe
theym
maruelous
thynges
.
When
they
were
entered
,
One
Religion
turned
into
an
other
,
holdeth
styl
many
th●nges
of
the
fyrst
.
they
poynted
with
theyr
fyngers
to
the
Image
of
the
virgin
altobeset
and
hanged
abowte
with
ouches
and
iewels
and
many
earthen
pottes
,
fylled
sum
with
sundry
meates
,
and
sume
with
water
,
rownde
aboute
all
the
tabernacle
.
For
these
thynges
they
offer
to
the
image
in
the
sleede
of
sacrifice
,
accordynge
to
theyr
owlde
supersticion
towarde
theyr
Zemes.
Beinge
demaunded
why
they
dyd
thus
,
they
answered
,
A
strange
fantasie
.
leaste
the
image
shulde
lacke
meate
if
perhaps
it
shuld
be
a
hungerd
.
For
they
most
certenly
beleue
that
images
may
hunger
,
and
that
they
doo
eate
and
drynke
.
But
what
ayde
and
helpe
they
confesse
that
they
haue
had
of
the
godly
poure
of
this
image
,
that
is
of
the
blessed
virgin
,
it
is
a
thynge
woorthy
to
be
harde
,
and
most
assuredly
to
bee
taken
for
a
truthe
.
For
by
the
report
of
owre
men
,
there
is
such
feruent
godly
loue
&
zeale
in
these
simple
men
toward
the
holy
virgin
,
that
to
them
beinge
in
the
daungers
of
warre
ageynst
theyr
enemies
,
they
doo
in
maner
(
yf
I
may
soo
terme
it
)
compel
her
to
descende
from
heauen
to
helpe
them
in
theyr
necessities
.
The
effect
of
godly
zeale
.
For
such
is
the
goodnes
of
god
,
that
he
hath
lefte
vnto
men
in
maner
a
pryce
wherby
wee
may
purchase
hym
with
his
holy
angels
and
sayntes
,
that
is
to
wytte
,
burnyng
loue
,
charitie
&
zeale
.
Howe
therfore
can
the
blessed
virgin
at
any
time
be
absent
from
them
which
cal
for
her
helpe
with
pure
faith
&
feruent
loue
?
Commendator
him selfe
,
with
al
his
noble
men
and
gentelmen
,
doo
testifie
with
one
voyce
,
that
in
a
fought
battayle
in
the
which
this
maryner
was
capitayne
,
bearyng
with
hym
this
picture
of
the
virgin
Marie
,
A
miracle
in
the
tyme
of
the
battayle
the
Zemes
of
theyr
enemies
turned
their
backes
and
trembeled
in
the
presence
of
the
virgins
Image
and
in
the
syght
of
them
all
.
For
euery
of
them
brynge
theyr
Zemes
to
the
battayle
,
hopynge
by
theyr
helpe
to
obteyne
the
victorie
.
Ye
they
say
further
,
that
duryng
the
tyme
of
the
battayle
,
they
sawe
not
only
an
Image
,
but
a
liuely
woman
clothed
in
fayre
and
whyte
apparel
,
aydynge
them
ageinst
theyr
enemies
:
whiche
thynge
also
the
enemyes
them selues
acknowleaged
,
The
virgin
Mary
▪
is
present
at
the
battayle
.
confessynge
that
on
the
contrary
parte
shee
appeared
to
them
,
shakynge
a
septer
in
her
hande
with
threatenynge
countenaunce
,
whiche
caused
theyr
hartes
to
shake
and
faynt
for
feare
.
But
after
that
this
maryner
departed
from
them
,
beinge
taken
into
a
shyppe
of
certeyne
Christians
passynge
by
those
coastes
,
Commendator
declared
that
he
with
all
his
subiectes
,
continually
obserued
his
institucions
:
In
soo
muche
that
beinge
at
contention
with
an
other
prince
,
which
of
theyr
Zemes
were
moste
holy
and
of
greateste
poure
,
the
matter
grewe
to
suche
extremitie
that
they
tryed
it
with
hande
strokes
:
And
that
in
all
these
attemptes
,
the
blessed
virgin
neuer
fayled
hym
,
but
was
euer
presente
in
the
brunte
of
the
battayle
,
and
gaue
hym
easye
victorie
with
a
smaule
poure
of
men
,
ageynst
a
mayne
armye
of
his
enemies
.
Beinge
demaunded
with
what
woordes
they
cryed
vppon
the
virgin
Mary
when
they
assayled
theyr
enemies
,
they
answered
that
they
had
lerned
noo
other
woordes
of
the
mariners
doctrine
,
but
Sancta
Maria
adiuua
nos
,
Sancta
Maria
adiuua
nos
:
That
is
,
holy
Mary
helpe
vs
,
holy
Marye
helpe
vs
:
And
this
also
in
the
Spanysshe
tonge
.
For
he
had
lefte
these
woordes
in
the
mouthes
of
all
men
.
A
maruelus
experience
of
fayth
Whyle
they
murthered
and
destroyed
them selues
thus
on
bothe
sydes
,
they
fell
to
entreatie
of
peace
and
agreed
to
trye
the
matter
,
not
hande
to
hande
by
combatte
of
certeyne
chosen
for
bothe
parties
as
the
maner
was
amonge
the
Romaynes
and
dyuers
other
nations
in
the
owlde
tyme
,
or
by
any
slyght
or
policie
,
but
that
twoo
younge
men
shulde
bee
chosen
,
for
eche
partie
one
,
with
theyr
handes
bounde
fast
behynde
them
in
the
playne
fielde
,
bothe
parties
beinge
sworne
to
acknowleage
that
Zemes
to
bee
the
better
,
which
fyrst
loosed
the
bandes
of
the
younge
man
whiche
stoode
bounde
for
the
tryall
of
his
religion
.
Thus
diuidinge
them selues
,
Muche
lyke
vnto
this
,
is
redde
in
.
Reg.
xviii
.
and
placeinge
the
sayde
younge
men
before
them
in
the
syght
of
them
al
,
with
theyr
handes
fast
bounde
by
theyr
enemyes
,
the
contrary
parte
cauled
fyrst
on
theyr
Zemes
(
that
is
,
the
deuyll
to
whose
similitude
theyr
Images
are
made
)
who
immediatly
appered
in
his
lykenes
aboute
the
younge
man
that
stoode
bounde
in
the
defence
of
Sathans
kyngedome
.
The
deuil
appeareth
in
his
lykenes
But
as
soone
as
Commendator
with
his
coompanye
cryed
Sancta
Maria
adiuua
nos
,
Sancta
Maria
adiuua
nos
,
forthwith
there
appeared
a
fayre
virgin
clothed
in
whyte
,
at
whose
presence
the
deuell
vanquisshed
immediatly
.
But
the
virgin
hauinge
a
longe
rod
in
her
hande
,
&
putting
the
same
on
the
bandes
of
the
younge
man
that
stoode
for
Commendator
,
his
handes
were
loosed
immediatly
in
the
syght
of
them
all
,
and
his
bandes
founde
about
the
handes
of
hym
that
stoode
for
the
other
partie
,
An other
miracle
.
in
somuch
that
they
them selues
fownde
hym
dowble
bounde
.
But
for
all
this
,
were
not
the
enemies
satissyed
:
querelinge
that
this
thynge
was
doone
by
sum
slyght
or
diuise
of
man
,
and
not
by
the
poure
of
the
better
Zemes.
And
there
vppon
requyred
for
th
aduoydynge
of
all
suspection
,
that
there
myght
bee
eyght
graue
and
sage
men
appoynted
,
for
eche
syde
foure
,
whiche
shulde
bynde
the
men
in
the
syght
of
theim
all
,
and
also
gyue
iudgemente
whether
the
thynge
were
doone
withowte
crafte
or
gyle
.
Oh
pure
simplicitie
and
constant
fayth
:
Oh
golden
and
blessed
confidence
.
Commendator
and
his
familiers
,
doubted
not
to
graunte
theyr
enemies
theyr
requeste
with
lyke
faythe
wherwith
the
diseased
woman
obteyned
healthe
of
the
fluxe
of
her
bludde
,
Math.
14.
and
wherby
Peter
feared
not
to
walke
on
the
sea
at
the
syght
of
his
master
Christe
.
These
younge
men
therfore
were
bounde
in
the
presence
of
these
eight
graue
men
,
and
were
placed
within
theyr
lystes
in
the
syght
of
bothe
parties
.
Thus
vppon
a
signe
gyuen
,
when
they
cauled
vppon
theyr
Zemes
,
there
appered
in
the
syght
of
them
all
,
The
deuyl
appereth
agein
.
a
deuyll
with
a
longe
tayle
,
a
wyde
mouthe
,
greate
teeth
,
and
hornes
,
resemblyng
the
similitude
of
the
Image
which
the
kyng
being
enemye
to
Commendator
,
honoured
for
his
Zemes.
As
this
deuyl
attempted
to
loose
the
bandes
of
his
cliente
,
the
blessed
virgin
was
immediatly
presente
as
before
at
the
caule
of
Commendator
and
his
subiectes
,
The
Uirgin
Mary
ouercommeth
the
deuyll
.
and
with
her
rodde
loosed
the
bandes
of
her
suppliant
,
which
were
ageyne
lykewyse
founde
fast
tyed
aboute
the
handes
of
hym
that
stoode
for
the
contrarye
parte
.
The
enemies
therefore
of
Commendator
,
beinge
stryken
with
greate
feare
and
amased
by
reason
of
this
greate
miracle
,
confessed
that
the
Zemes
of
the
virgin
was
better
than
their
Zemes.
For
the
better
profe
wherof
,
these
pagans
beinge
bortherers
to
Commendator
,
Infidels
conuerted
by
miracle
▪
and
baptised
.
which
had
euer
before
byn
at
continuall
warre
and
enmitie
with
hym
,
when
they
had
knowleage
that
Ancisus
was
arryued
in
those
coastes
,
they
sente
ambasadoures
vnto
hym
,
to
desyre
hym
to
send
them
preestes
of
whom
they
might
bee
baptised
:
Where
vppon
he
sent
them
twoo
which
hee
had
with
hym
there
at
that
present
.
They
baptised
in
one
day
a
hundreth
and
thirtie
of
th
inhabitantes
,
sumtyme
enemyes
to
Commendator
,
but
now
his
frendes
&
ioyned
with
him
in
aliance
.
All
suche
as
came
to
bee
baptised
,
gaue
the
preestes
of
theyr
owne
liberalitie
,
The
preeste
&
rewarde
.
eyther
a
cocke
or
a
henne
.
But
no
capons
:
for
they
can
not
yetskyl
how
to
carue
theyr
cocke
chyckens
to
make
them
capons
.
Also
certeyne
salted
fysshes
,
and
newe
fyne
cakes
made
of
theyr
breade
:
likewise
certeyne
foules
franked
and
made
fatte
.
When
the
preestes
resorted
to
the
shippes
,
syxe
of
these
newe
baptysed
men
accoompanied
theym
laden
with
vitailes
,
wherwith
they
ledde
a
ioyfull
Easter
.
For
on
the
Sunday
two
dayes
before
saynte
Lazarus
day
,
they
departed
from
Dariena
,
and
touched
at
that
tyme
,
onely
to
the
cape
or
angle
of
Cuba
nere
vnto
the
Easte
syde
of
Hispaniola
.
At
the
requeste
of
Commendator
,
Ancisus
lefte
with
hym
one
of
his
coompanie
,
to
th
intente
too
teache
hym
and
his
subiectes
wyth
other
his
bortherers
,
the
salutacion
of
the
angell
whiche
we
caule
the
Aue
Maria.
Aue
Maria.
For
they
thinke
them selues
to
be
soo
much
the
more
beloued
of
the
blessed
virgin
,
as
they
can
reherse
the
more
woordes
of
that
prayer
.
Thus
Ancisus
takinge
his
leaue
of
kynge
Commendator
,
directed
his
course
to
Hispaniola
,
from
whiche
he
was
not
farre
.
Shortely
after
,
he
tooke
his
viage
to
Spayne
,
Ancisus
vyage
to
Spain
and
came
to
Valladoleto
to
the
kynge
,
to
whom
he
made
greuous
complaint
of
the
insolencie
of
V●schus
N●nnes
,
Ancisus
complayneth
of
Uaschuz
.
in
so
muche
that
by
his
procuremente
,
the
Kynge
gaue
sentence
ageynste
hym
.
Thus
muche
haue
I
thowght
good
(
moste
holy
father
)
wherof
to
aduertyse
yowr
holynes
as
concernyng
the
religion
of
these
nations
,
not
only
as
I
haue
byn
instructed
of
Ancisus
(
wyth
whom
I
was
dayly
couersante
in
the
court
and
vsed
hym
familiarlye
)
but
also
as
I
was
enformed
of
dyuers
other
men
of
greate
autoritie
,
to
th
intente
that
yowre
excellencie
may
vnderstande
howe
docible
this
kynde
of
men
is
,
and
wyth
what
facilitie
they
may
bee
allured
to
embrase
owr
religion
.
But
this
can
not
bee
doone
soodenlye
.
The
haruest
is
grea●
,
but
the
labourers
are
fewe
.
Yet
we
haue
greate
cause
to
hope
that
in
shorte
tyme
they
wil
be
all
drawen
by
litle
and
litle
to
the
euangelicall
lawe
of
Christe
,
to
the
great
encrease
of
his
flocke
.
But
let
vs
nowe
returne
to
the
messengers
or
procuratours
as
concerniynge
the
affayres
of
Dariena
.
¶
The
seuenth
booke
of
the
seconde
decade
of
the
supposed
continente
.
FRom
Dariena
to
Hispaniola
is
eyghte
dayes
sailinge
and
sumtymes
lesse
with
a
prosperous
wynde
.
From
Dariena
to
hispaniola
viii
.
dayes
saylyng
.
Yet
Quicedus
and
Colmenaris
the
procuratoursof
Dariena
,
by
reason
of
tempestes
and
contrary
wyndes
,
could
scarsely
saile
it
in
a
hundrethe
dayes
.
When
they
had
taryed
a
fewe
dayes
in
Hispaniola
,
and
had
declared
the
cause
of
the
comminge
to
the
admirall
and
the
other
gouernours
,
they
tooke
shippinge
in
two
marchante
shippes
beinge
redye
furnysshed
,
which
were
also
accustomed
to
saile
too
and
froo
betwene
Spayne
and
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
.
They
departed
from
Dariena
(
as
we
sayde
before
)
the
fourthe
day
of
the
calendes
of
nouember
in
the
yeare
of
Christ
.1512
,
and
came
not
to
the
courte
before
the
calendes
of
May
in
the
yeare
folowinge
beinge
the
yeare
of
Christe
.1513
.
The
procuratours
of
Dariena
,
are
honorably
receaued
at
the
courte
.
At
thyr
commynge
to
the
courte
,
Iohannes
Fonseca
(
to
whom
at
the
begynnynge
the
charge
of
these
affayres
was
committed
,
whom
also
for
hys
faithful
seruice
towarde
the
kinge
,
yowre
holynes
created
generall
commissarie
in
the
warres
ageynste
the
moores
)
receaued
them
honorably
,
as
men
comminge
from
the
newe
world
,
from
naked
nations
,
and
landes
vnknowen
to
other
menne
.
¶
By
the
prefermente
therefore
of
the
bysshope
of
Burges
,
Quicedus
and
Colmenaris
were
brought
before
the
king
,
and
declared
theyr
legacie
in
his
presence
.
Suche
newes
and
presentes
as
they
brought
,
were
delectable
to
the
kinge
and
his
noble
men
,
for
the
newnes
and
straungnes
therof
.
They
also
suiorned
with
me
often
tymes
.
Their
complexion
is
altered
Theyr
countenaunces
doo
declare
the
intemperatenes
of
the
ayer
and
region
of
Dariena
.
For
they
are
yelowe
lyke
vnto
them
that
haue
the
yelowe
gaundies
:
And
also
swolne
.
But
they
ascrybe
the
cause
hereof
,
to
the
hunger
which
they
susteyned
in
tyme
past
.
I
haue
byn
aduertised
of
th
affayres
of
this
newe
woorlde
,
not
onely
by
these
procuratours
of
Dariena
,
Of
whom
the
autour
had
information
and
Ancisus
,
and
Zamudius
,
but
also
by
conference
with
Ba●●ia
the
lawier
,
who
ranne
ouer
a
greate
parte
of
those
coastes
.
Likewyse
by
relation
of
Vincentius
Annex
the
patrone
of
the
shippes
,
and
Alfonsus
Nignus
,
both
being
men
of
greate
experience
and
wel
trauayled
in
those
parties
,
beside
many
other
,
of
whom
wee
haue
made
mention
in
other
places
For
there
came
neuer
any
from
thense
to
the
court
,
but
tooke
greate
pleasure
to
certifie
mee
of
al
thynges
eyther
by
woorde
of
mouth
or
by
wrytynge
.
Of
many
thynges
therfore
which
I
lerned
of
them
,
I
haue
gathered
suche
as
to
my
Iudgement
seeme
moste
worthy
to
satisfie
them
that
take
delyte
in
hystories
.
But
let
vs
nowe
declare
what
folowed
after
the
comminge
of
the
procuratours
of
Dariena
.
Therfore
,
before
theyr
arryuall
there
was
a
rumoure
spreade
in
the
courte
,
that
the
chiefe
gouernoures
and
Lieuetenauntes
Nicuesa
and
Fogeda
,
also
Iohannes
De
la
Gossa
(
a
man
of
such
reputacion
that
by
the
kynges
letters
patentes
he
was
named
the
greate
master
of
the
kynges
shippes
)
were
all
peryshed
by
mischaunce
:
The
greate
master
of
the
kynges
ships
And
that
those
fewe
which
yet
remayned
alyue
in
Dariena
,
were
at
contencion
and
discorde
amonge
them selues
:
So
that
they
neyther
endeuoured
theyr
diligence
to
allure
those
simple
nations
to
owre
faythe
,
nor
yet
had
regarde
to
searche
the
natures
of
those
Regions
.
In
consideration
wherof
,
the
kynge
was
determyned
to
sende
a
newe
capitayne
thyther
whiche
shulde
restore
and
set
all
thynges
in
good
order
,
and
put
them
owte
of
autoritie
whiche
hadde
vsurped
th
empire
of
those
prouinces
withowte
the
kynges
speciall
commaundement
.
To
this
office
,
was
one
Petrus
Arias
assigned
,
Petrus
arias
is
e●ected
gouernour
of
Dariena
.
a
man
of
greate
prowes
and
a
citisen
of
Segouia
.
But
when
the
procuratours
of
Dariena
had
published
in
the
courte
howe
greate
a
matter
it
was
,
and
of
what
moment
,
many
laboured
ernestly
to
the
kyng
,
to
take
the
office
owte
of
his
handes
.
But
the
bysshop
of
Burges
beinge
the
kynges
chiefe
chaplayne
,
and
one
of
the
commissioners
appoynted
by
hym
in
these
matters
,
beinge
aduertised
hereof
,
came
immediatly
to
the
kynge
,
and
spake
to
hym
in
this
effect
.
Thoracion
of
the
byshop
.
of
Burges
in
the
def●nce
of
Pe●●us
arias
.
May
it
please
yowre
hyghnes
to
vnderstand
(
most
catholyke
Prince
)
that
wheras
Petrus
Arias
a
man
of
valiente
corage
and
greate
seruice
,
hath
offered
hym selfe
to
aduenture
his
lyfe
in
yowre
maiesties
affayres
,
vnder
vncerteyne
hope
of
gayne
and
moste
certeyne
perels
,
yet
that
notwithstandynge
sum
other
haue
ambiciously
maliced
his
felicitie
and
preferment
labouringe
for
th
office
whereto
he
is
elected
:
It
maye
please
yowre
grace
herein
soo
to
shewe
hym
yowr
fauour
and
permit
hym
to
enioye
his
sayde
office
,
as
yowre
maiestie
doo
knowe
hym
to
bee
a
woorthy
and
meete
man
for
the
same
,
hauyng
in
tyme
paste
had
greate
experience
of
his
prowesse
and
valianenesse
,
aswell
in
behauinge
hym selfe
as
orderinge
his
souldiers
,
as
yowr
hyghnes
may
the
better
consyder
if
it
shal
please
yowe
to
caule
to
remembrance
his
doinges
in
the
warres
of
Aphrica
,
The
warres
of
Aphrica
.
where
he
shewed
hym selfe
bothe
a
wyse
Capitayne
,
and
valient
souldier
.
As
concerninge
his
maners
and
vsages
other
wayes
,
they
are
not
vnknowen
to
yowre
maiestie
,
vnder
whose
wynge
he
hath
of
a
chylde
byn
browght
vp
in
the
courte
,
and
euer
founde
faythfull
towarde
yowre
hyghnesse
.
Wherfore
,
to
declare
my
opinion
vnder
yowre
graces
fauour
(
whom
it
hath
pleased
to
appoynt
me
a
commissioner
in
these
affayres
)
I
thinke
it
were
vngodly
that
he
shuld
bee
put
from
his
office
at
the
sute
of
any
other
,
especially
beinge
thereto
moued
by
ambition
and
couetousnes
:
who
perchaunce
woold
proue
them selues
to
be
the
same
men
in
the
office
if
they
shuld
obteyne
it
,
as
they
nowe
shewe
them selues
in
the
ambitious
desirynge
of
the
same
.
When
the
bysshoppe
had
sayde
these
woordes
,
the
kynge
confirmed
the
election
of
Petrus
Arias
in
more
ample
maner
then
before
:
Petrus
Arias
Lieuetenante
of
Dariena
.
wyllynge
the
byshoppe
to
appoynt
hym
a
thousande
and
twoo
hundreth
souldiers
at
his
charges
,
makynge
hym
a
warrante
to
th
officers
of
his
escheker
to
delyuer
hym
money
in
preste
for
the
same
purpose
.
Petrus
Arias
therfore
beinge
thus
put
in
office
and
authorysed
by
the
kynges
letters
patentes
vnder
his
brode
seale
,
Petrus
Arias
hath
a
thousand
&
tw●o
hundreth
men
appoynted
at
the
kynges
charges
.
chose
a
greate
number
of
his
souldiers
in
the
court
,
and
soo
departed
frome
Valladoleto
aboute
the
calend●s
of
October
in
the
yeare
1513
:
And
sayled
fyrst
to
Ciuile
beinge
a
verye
ryche
citie
and
well
replenyshed
with
people
:
where
by
the
kynges
magistrates
he
was
furnyshed
with
men
and
vytayles
and
other
necessaries
perteynynge
to
soo
greate
a
matter
.
For
the
king
hath
in
this
citie
erected
a
house
seruinge
only
for
th
affayres
of
the
Ocean
,
A
house
in
Ciuile
appointed
to
the
affayres
of
India
.
to
the
which
al
they
that
goo
or
coome
from
the
newe
landes
and
Ilandes
,
resorte
to
gyue
accomptes
aswell
what
they
cary
thyther
as
what
they
brynge
from
thense
,
that
the
kynge
may
bee
truly
answered
of
his
custome
of
the
fyfte
part
bothe
of
golde
and
other
thynges
as
wee
haue
sayde
before
.
This
house
,
they
caule
the
house
of
the
Contractes
of
Indi
.
Petrus
Arias
founde
in
Ciuile
aboue
twoo
thousand
younge
men
which
made
great
sute
to
goo
with
hym
:
Perularia
.
lykewyse
noo
small
number
of
couetous
owlde
men
:
of
the
whiche
,
many
offered
them selues
to
goo
with
him
of
theyr
owne
charges
withowt
the
kynges
stipende
.
Many
profe
them selues
to
go
of
they●
owne
charges
.
But
leste
the
shippes
shulde
bee
pestered
with
to
great
a
multitude
,
or
least
vytayles
shulde
fayle
them
,
the
libertie
of
free
passage
was
restraynt
.
It
was
also
decreed
that
noo
stranger
might
passe
withowt
the
kynges
licence
.
Wherfore
I
doo
not
a
lyttle
maruaile
at
Aloisius
Cadamustus
a
venetian
and
wryter
of
the
Portugales
vyages
,
Aloisius
Cadamustus
i●
reproued
.
that
he
was
not
a
shamed
to
wryte
thus
of
the
Spanyardes
nauigations
:
we
went
:
we
sawe
:
we
dyd
.
Wheras
he
neuer
went
,
not
any
Uenetian
sawe
.
But
he
stoule
certeyne
annotacions
owte
of
the
three
first
bookes
of
my
fyrst
Decade
wrytten
to
Cardinal
Ascanius
and
Arcimboldus
,
supposinge
that
I
woolde
neuer
haue
publysshed
the
same
.
It
myght
also
happen
that
he
came
by
the
copie
therof
at
the
hande
of
sum
ambasadoure
of
Uenice
.
For
I
haue
graunted
the
copie
to
many
of
them
,
and
was
not
daungerous
to
forbyd
them
to
communicate
the
same
to
other
.
Howe
so
euer
it
bee
,
this
honeste
man
Aloisius
Cadamustus
feared
not
to
chalenge
vnto
hym
the
frute
of
an
other
mans
laboure
.
Of
the
inuentions
of
the
Portugales
(
which
surely
are
woonderfull
)
whether
he
haue
wrytten
that
whiche
he
hath
seene
(
as
he
sayth
)
or
lykewise
bereaued
other
men
of
the
iuste
commendations
of
theyr
trauayles
,
The
Port●gales
inue●tions
.
I
wyll
not
iudge
,
but
am
content
to
let
hym
lyue
after
his
maner
.
Emonge
the
company
of
these
souldiers
,
there
were
none
embarked
but
suche
as
were
licenced
by
the
kynge
,
except
a
fewe
Italians
,
Genues
,
who
by
frendshippe
and
sute
were
admitted
for
the
Admirals
sake
younge
Colonus
,
sonne
and
heyre
to
Christophorus
Colonus
the
fyrst
fynder
of
those
landes
.
Petrus
Arias
therfore
tooke
shippyng
in
the
ryuer
Betis
(
nowe
cauled
Guadalqueuir
)
runnyng
by
the
citie
of
Ciuile
,
The
nauigation
of
Petrus
Arias
.
aboute
the
beginnynge
of
the
yeare
of
Christe
.1514
.
But
he
loosed
anker
in
an
euyll
houre
.
A
shipwracke
For
suche
a
tempeste
folowed
shortly
after
his
departure
,
that
it
rent
in
pieces
two
of
his
shippes
,
and
soo
tossed
the
other
that
they
were
enforced
to
heaue
ouer
boorde
parte
of
theyr
vytayles
to
lyghten
them
.
All
such
as
escaped
,
sayled
backe
ageyne
to
the
coastes
of
Spayne
:
where
,
beinge
newely
furnyshed
and
refreshed
,
by
the
kynges
officers
,
they
went
forwarde
on
theyr
viage
.
The
master
pylot
of
the
gouernoures
shyppe
,
was
Iohannes
Vesputius
a
Florentine
,
the
neuie
of
Americus
Vesputius
,
Americus
Vesputius
.
who
left
hym
as
it
were
by
discente
of
inheritance
,
th
experience
of
the
mariners
facultie
,
and
knowleage
of
the
sea
,
carde
and
compasse
.
But
wee
were
aduertised
of
late
by
certeyne
which
came
from
Hispaniola
,
that
they
had
passed
the
Ocean
with
more
prosperous
wynde
.
For
this
marchaunt
shyppe
commynge
from
Hispaniola
founde
them
landinge
at
certeyne
Ilandes
nere
there
aboute
.
But
in
the
meane
tyme
whyle
my
importunate
caulers
on
,
Galeaceus
Butrigarius
and
Iohannes
Cursius
,
men
studious
by
al
meanes
to
gratifie
yowre
holynes
,
ceased
not
to
put
me
in
rememberance
that
they
had
one
in
a
redines
to
depart
into
Italy
,
and
taryed
onely
to
cary
with
hym
vnto
yowre
holynes
these
my
fayre
Nereides
althowgh
rudely
decked
,
leaste
I
shulde
bestow
muche
tyme
in
vayne
,
I
haue
let
passe
many
thynges
,
&
wyll
reherse
onely
such
as
seeme
in
my
iudgement
moste
woorthye
memory
,
althowgh
sumwhat
disordered
as
occasion
hath
serued
.
So
it
is
therfore
that
this
Petrus
Arias
hath
a
wyfe
named
Helisabeth
a
Boadilla
,
A
notable
exemple
of
a
valient
woman
.
beinge
niese
by
the
broothers
syde
to
the
marques
of
Boadilla
,
which
rendered
the
citie
of
Segouia
to
Fernando
and
Helisabeth
princes
of
Spayne
at
such
tyme
as
the
Portugales
inuaded
the
kingdome
of
Castile
:
by
reason
wherof
they
were
encoraged
fy●ste
to
resyste
,
and
then
with
open
warre
to
assayle
and
expulse
the
Portugales
for
the
great
tresure
which
kynge
Henry
brother
to
queene
Helisabeth
hadde
gathered
togyther
there
.
kynge
henry
.
This
marquesse
whyle
shee
lyued
,
dyd
euer
shewe
a
manly
and
stoute
mynde
,
bothe
in
peace
and
warre
,
so
that
by
her
counsayle
manye
noble
thynges
were
browght
to
good
effecte
in
Castile
:
vnto
this
noble
woman
,
the
wyfe
of
Petrus
Arias
was
niese
by
her
brothers
syde
.
Shee
folowyng
the
magnanimitie
of
her
aunt
,
perceauinge
her
husbande
nowe
furnyshyng
hym selfe
to
depart
to
the
vnknowen
coastes
of
the
newe
woorlde
,
and
those
large
tractes
of
lande
and
sea
,
spake
these
wordes
vnto
hym
.
My
moste
deare
and
welbeloued
husbande
,
The
wyfe
of
Petrus
Arias
.
we
owght
not
nowe
to
forget
that
from
owre
younge
yeares
we
haue
byn
ioyned
togyther
with
the
yoke
of
holy
matrimonie
to
th
intente
that
wee
sh●lde
soo
lyue
togyther
and
not
a
sunder
durynge
the
tyme
of
owre
naturall
lyfe
.
Wherefore
for
my
parte
to
declare
my
affection
herein
,
yowe
shall
vnderstande
,
that
whyther
so
euer
yowre
fatal
destenye
shall
dryue
yowe
,
eyther
by
the
furious
waues
of
the
greate
Ocean
,
or
by
the
manyfoulde
and
horrible
daungers
of
the
lande
,
I
wyll
surely
beare
yowe
coompany
.
There
can
no
perell
chaunce
to
me
so
terrible
,
nor
any
kynde
of
death
so
cruell
,
that
shal
not
bee
much
easyer
for
me
to
abyde
,
then
to
liue
so
farre
seperate
from
yowe
.
It
were
muche
better
for
me
to
dye
,
and
eyther
to
bee
cast
into
the
sea
to
bee
deuoured
of
the
fysshes
,
or
on
the
lande
to
the
Canibales
,
then
with
continuall
mournynge
and
bewaylinge
,
to
lyue
in
deathe
and
dye
lyuinge
,
whyle
I
consume
in
lookyng
rather
for
my
husbandes
letters
then
for
hym selfe
.
This
is
my
full
determinacion
,
not
rashely
nor
presentely
excogitate
,
nor
conceaued
by
the
lyght
phantasie
of
womans
brayne
,
but
with
longe
deliberation
and
good
aduisement
.
Nowe
therfore
choose
to
whether
of
these
twoo
yowe
wyll
assente
:
Eyther
to
thruste
yowre
swoorde
in
my
throte
,
or
to
graunte
me
my
requeste
.
As
for
the
ch●ldren
which
god
hath
giuen
vs
as
pledges
of
owr
inseperable
loue
,
(
for
they
had
foure
sonnes
and
as
many
dowghters
)
shal
not
stay
me
a
moment
.
Let
vs
leaue
vnto
them
suche
gooddes
and
possessions
as
haue
byn
left
vs
by
owre
parentes
and
frendes
wherby
they
may
lyue
amonge
the
woorshipful
of
theyr
order
.
For
other
thynges
I
take
no
care
.
When
this
noble
matrone
of
manly
vertue
had
fynisshed
these
woordes
,
her
husbande
seinge
the
constant
mynde
of
his
wyfe
,
and
her
in
a
redynes
to
doo
accordynge
to
her
woordes
,
had
no
hart
to
denye
her
louinge
peticion
:
but
embrasinge
her
in
his
armes
,
commended
her
intente
and
consented
to
her
requeste
.
Shee
folowed
hym
therfore
as
dyd
Ipsicratea
her
Mithridates
with
her
heare
hangeinge
loose
aboute
her
shulders
.
For
shee
loueth
her
husbande
as
dyd
Halicarnassea
of
Caria
,
hers
beinge
deade
,
and
as
dyd
Artemisia
her
Mausolus
:
We
haue
also
had
aduertisement
sence
their
departure
that
she
(
being
browght
vp
as
it
were
amonge
soft
fethers
)
hath
with
noo
lesse
stoute
corage
susteyned
the
roringes
and
rages
of
the
Ocean
,
then
dyd
eyther
her
husband
or
any
of
the
maryners
brought
vp
euen
amonge
the
sourges
of
the
sea
.
But
to
haue
sayde
thus
much
hereof
,
this
shal
suffice
.
Let
vs
nowe
speake
of
other
thynges
no
lesse
woorthy
memorie
.
Therfore
,
whereas
in
the
fyrste
Decade
we
haue
made
mencion
of
Vincentius
Annez
Pinzonus
,
ye
shal
vnderstande
that
he
accoompanyed
Christophorus
Colonus
the
Admirall
in
his
fyrst
vyage
,
and
afterwarde
made
an
other
vyage
of
his
owne
charges
with
onely
one
shyppe
.
Ageyne
,
the
fyrste
yeare
after
the
departinge
of
the
Capitaynes
Nicuesa
and
Fogeda
,
he
ran
ouer
those
coastes
from
Hispaniola
,
The
thyrde
nauigation
of
Uincentiu●
Pinzonus
.
and
searched
all
the
southe
syde
of
Cuba
from
the
Easte
to
the
weste
,
and
sayled
rownde
about
that
Ilande
which
to
that
day
for
the
greate
length
thereof
,
was
thowght
to
haue
bin
part
of
the
continent
or
firme
land
,
al
thowgh
sume
other
say
that
they
dyd
the
lyke
.
Vincentius
Annez
therfore
,
knowyng
nowe
by
experience
that
Cuba
was
an
Ilande
,
sayled
on
further
,
and
found
other
landes
westward
from
Cuba
,
Cuba
.
but
such
as
the
Admirall
had
fyrst
touched
.
Wherfore
,
beinge
in
maner
encompased
with
this
newe
lande
,
turninge
his
course
towarde
the
lefte
hande
,
and
rasing
the
coastes
of
that
lande
by
the
East
,
ouerpassinge
also
the
mouthes
of
the
goulfes
of
Beragua
,
Beragua
.
Vraba
,
Vraba
.
and
Cuchibachoa
,
Cuchibacoa
.
he
arryued
at
the
Region
which
in
the
fyrst
Decade
we
cauled
Paria
and
Os
Draconis
:
Paria
.
Os
Draconis
And
entered
into
the
greate
goulfe
of
fresshe
water
,
which
Colonus
discouered
,
beinge
replenished
with
great
abundance
of
fysshe
,
and
famous
by
reason
of
the
multitude
of
Ilandes
lyinge
in
the
same
,
beinge
distant
Eastwarde
from
Curiana
aboute
a
hundreth
and
thirtie
myles
,
Curiana
,
in
the
which
tract
are
the
Regions
of
Cumana
and
Manacapana
,
Cumana
.
Manacapana
,
whiche
also
in
the
syxte
booke
of
the
fyrst
Decade
we
sayde
to
bee
Regions
of
the
large
prouince
of
Paria
,
where
many
affirme
to
bee
the
greteste
plentie
of
the
beste
pearles
,
Plentie
of
Pearles
.
and
not
in
Curiana
.
The
kinges
of
these
regions
(
whom
they
caul
Chiacones
,
as
they
of
Hispaniola
caule
theym
Cacici
)
beinge
certified
of
the
comminge
of
owre
men
,
sente
certeyne
spyes
to
enquire
what
newe
nation
was
arryued
in
theyr
coastes
,
what
they
browght
,
and
what
they
woolde
haue
:
and
in
the
meane
tyme
furnysshed
a
number
of
theyr
Canoas
(
whiche
they
caule
Chichos
)
with
men
armed
after
their
maner
.
For
they
were
not
a
lytle
astonisshed
to
beholde
owre
shippes
with
the
sayles
spreade
,
wheras
they
vse
no
sayles
,
nor
can
vse
but
smaule
on
s
if
they
woolde
,
by
reason
of
the
narownes
of
theyr
canoas
.
Swarmynge
therfore
aboute
the
shippe
with
theyr
canoas
(
which
we
may
well
caule
Monoxyla
,
Monoxyla
.
The
Barbarians
assayle
owre
men
beinge
in
theyr
shyppes
.
bycause
they
are
made
of
one
hole
tree
,
)
they
feared
not
to
shute
at
owr
men
beinge
yet
within
their
ships
and
keepinge
theym selues
vnder
the
hatches
as
safely
as
yf
they
had
byn
defended
with
stone
waules
.
But
when
owre
men
had
shotte
of
certeyne
pieces
of
ordinance
ageynst
theym
they
were
soo
discomfited
with
the
noyse
and
slawghter
therof
that
they
droue
them selues
to
flight
.
The
vse
of
gunnes
.
Beinge
thus
disparcled
,
owr
men
chased
them
with
the
shippe
bote
,
tooke
many
,
and
slewe
many
.
When
the
kynges
harde
the
noyse
of
the
gunnes
,
and
were
certyfied
of
the
losse
of
their
men
,
they
sent
ambasadours
to
Vincentius
Agnes
to
entreate
of
peace
,
fearinge
the
spoyle
of
theyr
goodes
and
destruction
of
theyr
people
,
if
owre
men
shuld●
coomme
alande
in
theyr
wrathe
and
furye
.
They
desyred
peace
therfore
,
Great
abundance
of
gold
and
frankensence
.
as
could
bee
coniectured
by
their
signes
and
poyntinges
:
For
owre
men
vnderstoode
not
one
woorde
of
theyr
language
.
And
for
the
better
proofe
that
they
desired
peace
,
they
presented
owre
men
with
three
thousand
of
those
weights
of
gold
that
the
Spanyardes
caule
Cas●ellanum
Aureum
,
which
they
commonly
caule
Pesum
.
Olibanum
.
Also
a
greate
barell
of
woodde
full
of
moste
excellente
masculine
frankensence
,
weighing
about
two
thousande
and
syxe
hundreth
poundes
weight
after
eight
ounces
to
the
pounde
:
Whereby
they
knewe
that
that
lande
browght
furthe
greate
plentie
of
frankensence
.
Sabea
,
●is
a
contrey
in
Arabie
,
which
bringeth
forth
frankensence
For
there
is
noo
entercourse
of
marchaundies
betwene
th
inhabitantes
of
Paria
and
the
sabeans
beinge
soo
farre
distante
,
wheras
also
the
of
Paria
knowe
nothynge
with
owte
theyr
owne
coastes
.
Paria
.
With
the
golde
and
frankensence
whiche
the
presented
to
owre
men
,
they
gaue
them
also
a
greate
multitude
of
theyr
peacockes
,
Peacockes
which
wee
cau●e
Turkye
cockes
.
bothe
cockes
and
hennes
,
deade
and
alyue
,
aswell
to
satisfie
theyr
present
necessitie
,
as
also
to
cary
with
theym
into
Spayne
for
encrease
.
Lykewyse
certeyne
carpettes
,
coouerlettes
,
table
clothes
and
hanginges
made
of
gossampine
silke
fynelye
wrought
after
a
straunge
diuise
with
plesante
&
variable
colours
,
●arpets
and
couerlett●s
fynely
wrought
.
hauing
golden
belles
&
suche
other
spangles
and
pendauntes
as
the
Italians
caule
Sonaglios
,
and
the
Spanyardes
Cascaueles
,
hanging
at
the
purfles
therof
.
They
gaue
theym
furthermore
speakinge
popingiais
of
sundry
colours
as
many
as
they
woolde
aske
.
Popyngayes
.
For
in
Paria
,
there
is
no
lesse
plentie
of
popingiais
,
then
with
vs
of
dooues
or
sparous
,
Thinhabitantes
of
these
Regions
both
men
and
women
are
appareled
with
vestures
made
of
gossampine
cotton
,
Th
apparell
of
the
●●h●bittants
o●
paria
the
men
to
the
knees
,
and
the
women
too
the
calfe
of
the
legge
.
The
fasshion
of
theyr
apparell
,
is
symple
and
playne
muche
like
vnto
the
Turkes
.
But
the
mens
,
is
double
and
quilted
like
that
whiche
the
Turkes
vse
in
the
warres
.
The
princes
of
Paria
,
are
rulers
but
for
one
yeare
:
Rule●s
for
one
yeare
.
But
their
autoritie
is
noo
lesse
emonge
the
people
both
in
peace
and
warre
,
then
is
th
autoritie
of
other
kynges
in
those
Regions
.
Theyr
villages
are
buylded
in
coompasse
,
〈◊〉
greate
goulfe
of
Paria
.
along
by
the
bankes
of
all
that
greate
goulfe
.
Fyue
of
theyr
princes
came
to
owre
men
wyth
theyr
presentes
,
whose
names
I
thowght
worthy
to
bee
put
in
this
historie
in
remembrance
of
soo
notable
a
thinge
Chiaconus
Chiauaccha
,
(
that
is
the
prince
of
Chiauaccha
,
for
they
caule
princes
or
kinges
Chiaconos
)
Chiaconus
Pintiguanus
,
Chiaconus
Chamailaba
,
Chiaconus
Polomus
,
and
Chiaconus
Potto
.
The
goulfe
beinge
fyrste
founde
of
the
admirall
Colonus
,
they
caule
,
Baia
Natiuitatis
,
Baia
Natiuitatis
the
gret
goulfe
of
Pa●ia
.
bycause
he
entered
into
the
same
in
the
day
of
the
natiuitie
of
Christe
:
But
at
that
tyme
he
only
passed
by
it
withowte
anye
further
searching
.
and
Baia
in
the
Spanysshe
tong
,
signifieth
a
goulfe
.
When
Vincentius
had
thus
made
a
league
with
these
Princes
,
folowinge
his
appoynted
course
,
he
founde
many
regions
towarde
the
East
,
Uincentuis
maketh
a
league
with
v.
princes
.
of
Paria
.
desolate
by
reason
of
diuers
finddes
and
ouer
flowynges
of
waters
:
also
many
standynge
pooles
in
dyuers
places
,
and
those
of
excedynge
largenes
.
He
ceased
not
to
folowe
this
tracte
vntyll
he
came
to
the
poynte
or
cape
of
that
moste
longe
lande
.
This
poynte
semethe
as
though
it
woolde
inuade
the
monte
Atlas
in
Aphrica
.
Mount
Atlas
in
aphrike
.
For
it
prospectethe
towarde
that
parte
of
Aphrike
,
whiche
the
portugales
caule
Caput
Bonoe
Sperantiae
.
The
poyntes
or
capes
of
the
mount
Atlas
,
are
rough
and
saluage
nere
vnto
the
sea
.
The
cape
of
Bona
Speranza
,
gatherethe
thirtie
and
foure
degrees
of
the
Southe
pole
,
cauled
the
pole
antartike
:
But
that
poynte
,
onely
seuen
degrees
.
I
suppose
this
lande
to
bee
that
,
which
I
fynde
in
owlde
wryters
of
Cosmographie
to
bee
cauled
the
greate
Iland
Atlantike
,
The
great
Iland
atlantike
.
withowt
any
further
declaringe
eyther
of
the
sytuation
,
or
of
the
nature
therof
.
¶
The
eight
booke
of
the
seconde
decade
of
the
supposed
continente
.
WHen
Iohan
the
king
of
portugale
lyued
which
was
predicessoure
to
hym
that
nowe
reigneth
,
Contention
betwene
the
Castilians
&
Portugale●
for
the
newe
landes
there
arose
a
great
contention
betwene
the
Castilians
and
Portugales
as
concerninge
the
dominion
of
these
newe
founde
landes
.
The
Portugales
,
bycause
they
were
the
firste
that
durst
attempte
to
searche
the
Ocan
sea
sence
the
memorie
of
man
,
affirmed
that
all
the
nauigations
of
the
Ocean
,
owght
to
perteyne
to
theym
onely
.
The
Castilians
argued
on
the
contrarie
parte
,
that
what
so
euer
god
by
the
ministration
of
nature
hath
created
on
the
earth
,
was
at
the
begynnynge
common
emong
men
:
And
that
it
is
therfore
lawfull
to
euery
man
to
possese
suche
landes
as
are
voyd
of
Christian
inhabitours
.
Whyle
the
matter
was
thus
vncerteynly
debated
,
bothe
parties
agreed
that
the
controuersie
shulde
bee
decerned
by
the
bysshope
of
Rome
,
and
plighted
faithe
to
stande
to
his
arbitrimente
.
The
kyngedome
of
Castile
was
at
that
tyme
gouerned
by
that
great
Queene
Helisabeth
with
her
husbande
:
for
the
roialme
of
Castile
was
her
dowerye
.
The
bysshop
of
Rome
diuideth
the
land
Shee
also
and
the
kynge
of
Portugale
,
were
cosyn
germaynes
of
two
systers
:
by
reason
wherof
the
dissention
was
more
easely
pacified
.
By
th
assent
therfore
of
both
parties
,
Alexander
the
bysshop
Rome
,
the
.vi.
of
that
name
,
by
th
autorite
of
his
leaden
bull
,
drewe
a
right
line
from
the
North
to
the
South
a
hundreth
leaques
westwarde
withowte
the
paralelles
of
those
Ilandes
whiche
are
cauled
Caput
Viride
or
Cabouerde
,
Cabouerde
loke
decade
i.
lib.
iii
Within
the
compase
of
this
lyne
(
althowgh
soomme
denye
it
)
faulethe
the
poynte
of
this
lande
wherof
we
haue
spoken
,
which
they
caule
Caput
Sancti
Augustini
,
otherwyse
cauled
Promontorium
Sancti
Augustini
,
that
is
,
saynt
Augustines
cape
or
poynte
.
And
therfore
it
is
not
lawful
for
the
Castilians
to
fasten
foote
in
the
beginnynge
of
that
lande
.
Vincentius
Annez
therfore
,
departed
from
thense
,
beinge
aduertised
of
th
inhabitantes
,
that
on
the
other
syde
of
the
hyghe
mountaynes
towarde
the
South
,
lyinge
before
his
eyes
,
there
was
a
Region
cauled
Ciamba
,
The
golde●
region
of
Ciamba
.
which
browght
foorth
greate
plentie
of
golde
.
Of
certeyne
captiues
whiche
he
too●e
in
the
goulfe
of
Paria
(
which
certenly
perteyneth
to
the
dominion
of
Castile
)
he
browght
sume
with
hym
to
Hispaniola
,
and
lefte
them
with
the
younge
Admirall
to
lerne
owre
language
.
But
he
hym selfe
,
repayred
to
the
courte
to
make
ernest
sute
to
the
kynge
that
by
his
fauoure
,
he
myght
bee
gouernour
of
the
Iland
of
Sancti
Iohannis
(
otherwyse
cauled
Burichena
,
The
Iland
of
S.
Iohannes
beinge
distante
from
Hispaniola
onely
.xxv.
leaques
)
bycause
he
was
the
fyrst
fynder
of
golde
in
that
Ilande
.
Before
Vincentius
made
sute
for
this
office
,
one
Don
Christopher
a
Portugale
,
the
soonne
of
the
countie
of
Camigna
,
was
gouernoure
of
the
Ilande
:
whom
the
Canibales
of
the
other
Ilandes
slewe
,
with
all
the
Christian
men
that
were
in
the
same
,
excepte
the
byshop
and
his
familiers
,
which
fledde
and
shyfted
for
them selues
,
forsakynge
the
church
and
all
the
ornamentes
thereof
.
For
yowre
holynes
hath
consecrated
fyue
byshoppes
in
these
Ilandes
at
the
request
of
the
most
catholyke
kynge
.
Fyue
byshoppes
of
the
Iland
made
by
th●
bysshop
of
Rome
.
In
Sancto
Dominico
being
the
chiefe
citie
of
Hispaniola
,
Garsia
de
Padilla
,
a
reguler
fryer
of
the
order
of
saynt
Fraunces
,
is
byshop
.
In
the
towne
of
Conception
,
doctor
Petrus
Xuarez
of
Deza
:
And
in
the
Ilande
of
saynte
Iohn
or
Burichena
,
Alfonsus
Mansus
a
licenciate
,
beinge
bothe
obseruantes
of
th
institucion
of
saynt
Peter
.
The
fourth
,
is
fryer
Barnarde
of
Mesa
,
a
man
of
noble
parentage
,
borne
in
Toledo
,
a
preacher
,
and
byshop
of
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
.
The
fyfte
is
Iohannes
Cabedus
,
a
fryer
preacher
,
whom
yowre
holynes
annoynted
mynister
of
Christ
,
to
teache
the
Christian
faithe
amonge
the
inhabitantes
of
Dariena
.
The
Canibales
shall
shortely
repent
them
,
and
the
bludde
of
owre
men
shal
be
reuenged
:
And
that
the
sooner
,
bycause
that
shortly
after
they
had
committed
this
abhominable
slaughter
of
owre
men
,
they
came
ageyne
from
theyr
owne
Ilande
of
Sancta
Crux
(
otherwyse
cauled
AyAy
)
to
the
Ilande
of
Sancti
Iohannis
.
The
Canibales
of
the
Iland
of
Sancta
Crux
.
and
slewe
a
kynge
whiche
was
a
frende
to
owre
men
,
and
eate
hym
and
all
his
famely
,
vtterly
subuertinge
his
vyllage
,
vppon
this
occasion
that
violatinge
the
lawe
of
hostage
,
he
had
slayne
seuen
Canibales
whiche
were
lefte
with
hym
by
composition
to
make
certeyne
canoas
,
bicause
the
Iland
of
Sancti
Iohannis
beareth
greater
trees
and
apter
for
that
purpose
,
then
doth
the
Ilande
of
Sancti
Crux
the
chiefe
habitacion
of
the
Canibales
.
These
Canibales
yet
remaynynge
in
the
Ilande
,
certeine
of
owre
men
sayling
from
Hispaniola
,
chaunced
vppon
them
.
The
thynge
being
vnderstode
by
th
interpretoures
,
owre
men
quarelynge
with
theym
and
caulynge
them
to
accompte
for
that
mischeuous
deede
,
they
immediatly
directed
theyr
bowes
and
venemous
arrowes
ageynst
them
,
and
with
cruell
countenaunces
threatened
them
to
bee
quyet
,
least
it
shulde
repent
them
of
theyr
commyng
thyther
.
Owre
men
fearynge
theyr
venemous
arrowes
(
for
they
were
not
prepared
to
fyght
)
gaue
them
signes
of
peace
.
Being
demaunded
why
they
destroyed
the
vyllage
,
and
where
the
kynge
was
with
his
famelye
,
they
answered
that
they
rased
the
vyllage
and
cutte
the
kynge
with
his
famelie
in
peeces
&
eate
them
in
the
reuenge
of
theyr
seuen
woorkemen
:
And
that
they
had
made
faggottes
of
theyr
bones
to
cary
theim
to
the
wyues
and
chyldren
of
theyr
slayne
woorkemen
,
in
wytnesse
that
the
bodyes
of
theyr
husbandes
and
parentes
lay
not
vnreuenged
:
and
therewith
shewed
the
faggottes
of
bones
to
owre
men
:
who
beinge
astonyshed
at
theyr
fiercenes
and
crueltie
,
were
enforced
to
dissimble
the
matter
and
houlde
theyr
peace
,
quarelynge
noo
further
with
them
at
tha●
tyme
.
These
and
suche
other
thynges
doo
dayly
c●aunce
,
the
which
I
doo
let
passe
least
I
shulde
offende
the
eares
of
yowr
holynes
with
suche
bluddy
narrations
.
Thus
haue
wee
sufficiently
digressed
from
the
regions
of
Beragua
and
Vraba
beinge
the
chiefeste
foundations
of
owre
purpose
.
Beragua
and
Uraba
.
Wee
wyll
nowe
therefore
entreate
sumewhat
of
the
largenes
and
depthe
of
the
ryuers
of
Vraba
:
The
ryuers
of
Uraba
.
Also
declare
bothe
what
they
and
the
landes
whiche
they
runne
through
doo
brynge
foorth
:
lykewise
of
the
greatnes
of
the
lande
from
the
Easte
to
the
West
,
and
of
the
bredth
therof
from
the
Southe
to
the
North
,
and
what
theyr
opinion
and
hope
is
of
thynges
yet
vnknowen
in
the
same
.
Wee
wyll
therfore
beginne
at
the
newe
names
wherwith
the
Spanyardes
haue
named
these
prouinces
sence
they
were
vnder
the
dominions
of
the
Christians
.
¶
The
nynth
booke
of
the
seconde
Decade
,
of
the
supposed
Continent
.
BEragua
therfore
,
they
cauled
Castella
Aurea
,
that
is
golden
Castile
:
And
Vraba
they
named
Andaluzia
Noua
,
that
is
,
newe
Andalusia
.
Beragua
,
cauled
Castella
aurifera
,
and
Uraba
,
Andaluzia
noua
.
Sum
caule
Peru
,
Noua
Castilia
.
And
lyke
as
of
many
Ilandes
which
they
subdued
,
they
choose
Hispaniola
for
the
chiefe
place
of
theyr
habitacion
,
soo
in
the
large
tract
of
Paria
,
they
appoynted
theyr
coloine
or
bydyng
place
in
the
twoo
regions
of
Vraba
and
Beragua
,
Beragua
and
Uraba
,
regions
of
Paria
.
that
all
suche
as
attempte
and
vyages
in
those
coastes
,
may
resorte
to
them
as
to
safe
portes
to
bee
refreshed
when
they
are
wery
or
dryuen
to
necessitie
.
All
owre
seedes
,
and
plantes
,
The
frutefulnes
of
Uraba
do
nowe
maruelously
encrease
in
Vraba
.
Lykewyse
blades
,
settes
,
slippes
,
graffes
,
suger
canes
,
and
suche
other
as
are
brought
from
other
places
to
those
regions
,
as
also
beastes
and
foules
as
we
haue
sayde
before
.
O
maruelous
frutefulnes
.
Twentie
dayes
after
the
seede
is
sowne
,
they
gather
rype
cucumers
,
and
such
lyke
,
But
colwortes
,
beetes
,
Letuse
,
Borage
are
rype
within
the
space
of
ten
dayes
.
Gourdes
,
melones
,
and
pompones
,
within
the
space
of
.xxviii.
dayes
.
Dariena
hathe
many
natiue
trees
and
frutes
of
dyuers
kyndes
with
sundry
tastes
,
The
frutfu●nes
of
Dariena
.
&
holsome
for
the
vse
of
men
:
Dyuers
holsomy
frutes
of
●rees
.
of
the
which
I
haue
thowght
it
good
to
descrybe
certeyne
of
the
best
.
They
noorysshe
a
tree
which
they
caule
Guaiana
,
Guaiana
,
that
beareth
a
frute
much
resemblynge
the
kynde
of
citrous
which
are
commonly
cauled
limones
,
of
taste
sumwhat
sharpe
myxt
with
swetenes
.
They
haue
also
abundance
of
nuttes
of
pynetrees
,
and
great
plentie
of
date
trees
,
Pine
trees
.
Date
trees
.
whiche
beare
frutes
bygger
then
the
dates
that
are
knowen
to
vs
:
but
they
are
not
apte
to
bee
eaten
for
theyr
to
much
sowernes
.
Wylde
and
baren
date
trees
,
growe
of
them selues
in
sundry
places
,
the
branches
wherof
they
vse
for
biesommes
,
and
ea●e
also
the
buddes
of
the
same
.
Guarauana
,
Guarauana
being
higher
and
bygger
then
the
orange
tree
,
bringeth
furth
a
great
frute
as
bygge
as
pome
citrous
.
Ther
is
an
other
tree
much
lyke
to
a
chestnut
tree
whose
frute
is
lyke
to
the
bygger
sort
of
fygs
,
beinge
holsome
&
of
plesant
taste
.
Mameis
,
Mameis
,
is
an
other
tree
that
bringeth
foorthe
frute
as
bygge
as
an
orange
,
in
taste
nothynge
inferioure
to
the
beste
kyndes
of
melones
.
Guananala
,
Guananala
.
beareth
a
frute
lesse
then
any
of
the
other
,
but
of
sweete
sauoure
lyke
spice
,
and
of
delectable
taste
.
Houos
,
Houos
.
is
an
other
tree
whose
frute
bothe
in
shape
and
taste
,
is
much
lyke
to
prunes
,
but
sumwhat
bygger
.
They
are
surely
persuaded
that
this
is
the
Myrobalane-tree
.
Mirobalani
,
Hogges
fed
with
mirobalanes
These
growe
soo
abundantely
in
Hispaniola
,
that
the
hogges
are
fedde
with
the
frute
therof
as
with
maste
amonge
vs
.
The
hogges
lyke
this
kynde
of
feadynge
soo
well
,
that
when
these
frutes
wax
rype
,
the
swyneherdes
can
by
no
meanes
keepe
them
owte
of
the
wooddes
of
these
trees
:
by
reason
wherof
,
a
greate
multytude
of
them
are
becoome
wylde
.
They
also
affirme
,
that
in
Hispaniola
,
swynes
flesshe
is
of
much
better
taste
and
more
holsome
then
mutton
.
Swynes
fle●she
of
better
tast
and
more
holsum
then
mutton
.
For
it
is
not
to
bee
doubted
,
but
that
dyuers
kyndes
of
meates
do
engender
sundry
tastes
and
qualities
in
suche
as
are
noryshed
therwith
.
The
moste
puissaunte
prince
Ferdinandus
,
declared
that
he
had
eaten
of
an
other
frute
browght
from
those
landes
,
beinge
full
of
scales
with
keyes
mu●h
lyke
a
pine
apple
in
forme
and
coloure
,
but
in
tendernes
equal
to
melopepones
,
and
in
taste
excedyng
al
garden
frutes
.
For
it
is
noo
tre
,
but
an
herbe
much
lyke
vnto
an
archichoke
,
or
Acantho
.
The
kynge
hym selfe
,
gaue
the
cheefest
commendation
to
this
.
I
haue
eaten
none
of
these
frutes
.
For
of
a
great
number
which
they
browght
from
thense
,
Frutes
putrifyed
on
the
sea
.
only
one
remayned
vncorrupted
,
the
other
being
putrified
by
reason
of
the
longe
vyage
.
All
suche
as
haue
eaten
of
theym
newely
gathered
in
theyr
natyue
soyle
,
doo
maruelou●ly
commende
theyr
swetenes
and
pleasaunt
taste
.
They
dygge
also
owte
of
the
ground
certeyne
rootes
growynge
of
theim selues
,
whiche
they
caule
Betatas
,
Betatas
,
much
lyke
vnto
the
nauie
rootes
of
Mylayne
,
or
the
greate
puffes
or
musheroms
of
the
earth
.
Howe
soo
euer
they
bee
dressed
,
eyther
fryed
or
sodde
,
they
gyue
place
to
noo
such
kynde
of
meate
in
pleasant
tendernes
.
The
skyn
is
sumwhat
towgher
then
eyther
of
nauies
or
mussheroms
,
and
of
earthy
coloure
:
But
the
inner
meate
therof
,
is
verye
whyte
.
These
are
noorysshed
in
gardens
,
as
we
sayde
of
Iucca
in
the
fyrste
Decade
.
They
are
also
eaten
rawe
,
and
haue
the
taste
of
rawe
chestnuttes
,
but
are
sumwhat
sweeter
.
Wee
haue
spoken
sufficiently
of
trees
,
herbes
,
and
frutes
.
Wee
wyll
nowe
therefore
entreate
of
thynges
sencitiue
.
The
laundes
and
desolate
pastures
of
these
regions
,
are
inhabited
and
deuoured
of
wild
and
terrible
beastes
,
as
Lions
,
Tygers
,
Lions
and
Tygers
.
and
such
other
monsters
as
we
nowe
knowe
,
and
haue
byn
descrybed
of
owlde
autoures
in
tyme
past
.
But
there
is
especially
one
beast
engendered
here
,
A
straunge
beast
.
in
which
nature
hath
endeuoured
to
shewe
her
cunnyng
.
This
beaste
is
as
bygge
as
an
oxe
,
armed
with
a
longe
snoute
lyke
an
Elephant
,
and
yet
no
Elephant
.
Of
the
colour
of
an
oxe
and
yet
noo
oxe
.
With
the
houfe
of
a
horse
,
and
yet
noo
horse
.
With
eares
also
much
lyke
vnto
an
Elephant
,
but
not
soo
open
nor
soo
much
hangyng
downe
:
yet
much
wyder
than
the
eares
of
any
other
beaste
.
Of
the
beast
which
beareth
her
whelpes
about
with
her
in
her
seconde
b●lly
as
in
a
purse
(
beinge
knowen
to
none
of
the
owlde
wryters
)
I
haue
spoken
in
the
fyrst
Decade
which
I
doubte
not
to
haue
coome
to
the
handes
of
yowre
holynes
.
Let
vs
nowe
therfore
declare
what
resteth
of
the
fluddes
and
ryuers
of
Vraba
.
The
ryuers
of
Uraba
.
The
ryuer
of
Dariena
fauleth
into
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
with
a
narowe
chanel
,
The
ryuer
of
Darien
fauleth
into
the
goulfe
of
Uraba
.
scarsly
able
to
beare
the
canoas
or
lyghters
of
that
prouince
,
and
runneth
by
the
vyllage
where
they
chose
theyr
dwellynge
place
.
But
the
ryuer
in
the
corner
of
the
goulfe
which
we
sayde
that
Vaschus
passed
by
,
they
found
to
bee
.xxiiii.
furlonges
in
bredth
(
which
they
caule
a
league
)
and
of
exceadynge
depthe
,
A
league
is
xxiiii
furlonges
as
of
twoo
hundreth
cubettes
,
faulynge
into
the
goulfe
by
dyuers
mouthes
.
They
say
that
this
ryuer
fauleth
into
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
,
lyke
as
the
ryuer
Ister
(
otherwyse
cauled
Danubius
,
Danubius
.
and
Danowe
)
fauleth
into
the
sea
Pontike
,
and
Nilus
into
the
sea
of
Egypte
:
wherfore
they
named
it
Grandis
,
Grandis
or
Rio
grandis
.
that
is
great
:
whiche
also
they
affirme
to
nooryshe
many
and
great
Crocodyles
,
A
crocodile
is
much
lyke
an
eute
,
but
of
excedyng
bignes
.
as
the
owld
wryters
testifie
of
Nilus
,
and
especially
as
I
haue
lerned
by
experience
,
hauinge
sayled
vp
and
downe
the
ryuer
of
Nilus
when
I
was
sent
ambasadoure
to
the
Soldane
of
Alcayr
at
the
commaundement
of
the
moste
catholyke
Kynge
.
What
I
may
therfore
gather
owte
of
the
wrytynges
of
so
many
lerned
autours
as
concerninge
the
ryuer
of
Nilus
,
The
autoure
of
this
booke
was
in
Egipt
The
riuer
Nilus
in
Egypte
I
knowe
not
.
For
they
say
that
nature
hath
gyuen
two
riuers
of
that
name
to
water
the
lande
,
whether
they
wyll
them
to
sprynge
owte
of
the
mountaynes
of
the
moone
or
the
soonne
,
Montes
,
or
owte
of
the
toppes
of
the
rowgh
mountaines
of
Ethiopia
:
Lunae
.
Affirming
one
of
the
same
to
faule
into
the
goulfe
of
Egypte
toward
the
Northe
,
and
the
other
into
the
South
Ocean
sea
.
What
shall
wee
saye
in
this
place
?
Of
that
Nilus
in
Egypte
,
there
is
noo
doubte
.
The
Portugales
also
whiche
sayle
by
the
coastes
of
the
Ethiopians
cauled
Nigritae
,
The
Portugales
nauigacions
.
and
by
the
kyngedome
of
Melinda
passinge
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
,
amonge
theyr
m●ruelous
inuentions
haue
founde
an
other
towarde
the
South
,
and
ernestly
affirme
the
same
to
bee
also
deriued
from
the
mountaynes
of
the
moone
:
And
that
it
is
an
other
chanell
of
Nilus
,
bycause
it
bryngeth
foorth
Crocodyles
,
whereas
it
hathe
not
byn
reade
before
tyme
that
any
other
ryuer
noorysshed
Crocodyles
sauinge
onely
Nilus
.
This
ryuer
,
the
Portugales
caule
Senega
.
The
ryuer
Senega
▪
an
other
chanell
of
the
ryuer
of
Nilus
.
It
runneth
throwgh
the
Region
of
the
Nigritas
,
beinge
very
frutefull
towarde
the
north
shore
:
but
on
the
southe
syde
sandie
and
rowghe
.
Crocodiles
are
also
engendred
herein
.
What
shall
wee
then
say
of
this
thyrde
:
ye
I
may
wel
say
the
fourth
.
Crocodiles
.
The
thyrde
&
fourth
Nilus
.
For
I
suppose
them
also
to
bee
Crocodiles
which
Colonus
with
his
coompany
founde
armed
with
scales
as
harde
as
shelles
in
the
ryuer
cauled
Delagartos
wherof
wee
haue
made
mention
before
.
Delagartos
.
Shall
wee
say
that
these
ryuers
also
of
Darien
and
Vraba
,
haue
theyr
originall
frome
the
mountaynes
of
the
moone
,
wheras
they
sprynge
owte
of
the
nexte
mountaynes
,
and
can
by
noo
meanes
haue
the
same
originall
with
Nilus
in
Egypte
,
or
that
in
Nigrita
,
The
ryuers
springe
owt
of
the
mountaynes
or
els
that
in
the
kyngedome
of
Melinda
,
from
whense
soo
euer
they
are
deryued
.
Whereas
these
other
(
as
we
haue
sayde
)
springe
owt
of
the
next
mountaines
whiche
deuyde
an
other
southe
sea
with
noo
greate
distaunce
from
the
North
Ocean
.
Wherfore
it
appeareth
by
experience
of
such
as
haue
trauayled
the
worlde
in
owre
time
,
that
other
waters
besyde
the
ryuer
of
Nilus
in
Egypte
,
Crocodiles
engendred
in
other
ryuers
besyde
Nilus
●n
Egypte
.
maye
lykewyse
brynge
foorth
Crocodiles
.
In
the
marysshes
also
and
fennes
of
the
Regions
of
Dariena
,
are
founde
greate
plentie
of
Phesauntes
and
peacockes
,
(
but
not
of
variable
coloures
)
with
many
other
kyndes
of
byrdes
and
foules
vnlyke
vnto
owres
,
Byrdes
and
foules
.
as
well
apte
to
bee
eaten
,
as
also
to
delite
the
eares
of
menne
with
pleasaunt
noyse
.
But
owre
Spanyardes
,
bycause
they
are
ignorant
in
foulynge
,
take
but
fewe
.
Also
innumerable
popingayes
of
sundry
kindes
are
found
chattering
in
the
groues
of
those
fenny
places
.
Of
these
there
are
sume
equall
to
Capons
in
byggenes
,
and
sume
as
lyttle
as
sparowes
.
But
of
the
diuersitie
of
popingayes
,
Popingayes
.
we
haue
spoken
sufficientely
in
the
fyrst
Decade
.
For
in
the
rase
of
this
large
lande
,
Colonus
hym selfe
browght
and
sent
to
the
courte
a
greate
number
of
euery
kynde
,
A
philosophical
discourse
as
cuncerning
th
original
of
springes
and
ryuers
.
the
which
it
was
lawfull
for
all
the
people
to
beholde
,
and
are
yet
dayly
browght
in
lyke
maner
.
There
remayneth
yet
one
thynge
moste
woorthy
to
bee
put
in
hystorye
:
The
which
I
had
rather
to
haue
chaunced
into
the
handes
of
Cicero
or
Liuie
,
then
into
myne
.
For
the
thynge
is
soo
marueylous
in
my
estimation
,
that
I
fynde
my
wytte
more
entangeled
in
the
description
hereof
,
then
is
sayde
of
the
henne
when
shee
seeth
her
younge
chekyn
inwrapped
in
towe
or
●laxe
.
The
breadth
of
that
lande
from
the
North
Ocean
to
the
south
sea
is
only
syxe
dayes
iourney
by
relation
of
th
inhabitantes
.
The
breadth
of
the
●ande
at
Uraba
from
the
North
Ocean
to
the
South
sea
.
The
multitude
therfore
and
grea●nes
of
the
ryuers
on
the
one
side
and
on
the
other
syde
the
narowenes
of
the
lande
,
brynge
me
into
suche
doubte
howe
it
can
coome
to
passe
,
that
in
soo
little
a
space
of
three
dayes
iourney
,
measurynge
from
the
hygh
toppes
of
those
mountaynes
,
I
doo
not
vnderstande
howe
soo
many
and
soo
great
ryuers
,
may
haue
recourse
into
this
north
sea
.
For
it
is
to
bee
thought
that
as
many
doo
flowe
towarde
th
inhabitantes
of
the
southe
.
These
ryuers
of
Vraba
are
but
smaule
,
in
comparison
of
many
other
in
those
coastes
.
For
the
Spanyardes
say
,
that
in
the
tyme
of
Colonus
,
they
founde
and
passed
by
an
other
ryuer
after
this
,
A
ryuer
of
maruelous
byggenes
loke
the
first
decade
the
ix
.
boke
.
whose
goulfe
faulynge
in
to
the
sea
,
they
affirme
to
bee
lyttle
lesse
then
a
hundreth
myles
in
the
fyrste
coastes
of
Paria
,
as
wee
haue
sayde
elsewhere
.
For
they
saye
that
it
fauleth
from
the
toppes
of
hyghe
mountaynes
with
soo
swyfte
and
furious
a
course
,
that
by
the
violence
and
greatnes
therof
,
it
dryueth
backe
the
sea
althowgh
it
bee
rowghe
and
enforced
with
a
contrary
wynde
.
They
all
affirme
lykewyse
,
that
in
all
the
large
tracte
therof
,
they
felt
noo
sower
or
salte
water
,
but
that
all
the
water
was
fresshe
,
sweete
,
and
apte
to
bee
droonke
.
Thinhabitantes
caule
this
ryuer
Maragnonum
:
The
great
ryuer
Maragnonus
.
l●ber
.
i●
.
decade
i.
And
the
regions
adiacent
to
the
same
,
Mariatambal
,
Mariatambal
.
Camamorus
,
Camamorus
.
and
Paricora
.
Paricora
.
Besyde
those
ryuers
whiche
I
haue
named
before
,
as
Darien
,
Grandis
,
Dabaiba
,
Beragua
,
Sancti
Mathei
,
Boius
ga●ti
,
Delagartos
,
&
Gaira
,
they
which
of
late
haue
searched
those
coastes
,
haue
founde
many
other
.
Deliberatinge
therefore
with
my selfe
,
from
whense
these
mountaynes
beinge
soo
narowe
and
nere
vnto
the
sea
on
bothe
sydes
,
haue
such
great
holowe
caues
or
dennes
of
suche
capacitie
,
and
from
whense
they
are
fylled
to
cast
foorth
such
abundance
of
water
,
hereof
also
askynge
them
the
opinions
of
the
inhabitantes
,
they
affirme
them
to
bee
of
dyuers
iudgementes
herein
:
Alleagynge
fyrst
the
greatnes
of
the
mountaynes
to
bee
the
cause
,
whiche
they
say
to
bee
very
hygh
,
which
thynge
also
Colonus
the
first
fynder
therof
affirmeth
to
bee
trewe
:
Adding
there
vnto
that
the
Paradise
of
pleasure
is
in
the
toppes
of
those
mountaines
whiche
appeare
from
the
goulfe
of
Paria
and
Os
Draconis
,
Paradice
.
Loke
.vi
,
●oke
fyrst
decade
.
as
he
is
fully
persuaded
.
They
agree
therfore
that
there
is
greate
caues
within
these
mountaynes
:
but
it
resteth
to
consy●er
from
whense
they
are
fylled
.
The
sea
.
If
therefore
all
the
ryuers
of
fresshe
waters
by
th
oppinion
of
manye
,
do
soo
flowe
owte
of
the
sea
as
dryuen
and
compelled
throwghe
the
pa●sages
or
pores
of
the
earth
by
the
ponderous
weyght
of
the
sea
it selfe
,
as
wee
see
them
breake
furth
of
the
sprynges
and
directe
their
course
to
the
sea
ageyne
,
The
land
enclosed
with
two
seas
.
then
the
thynge
is
lesse
to
bee
marueyled
at
here
then
in
other
places
.
For
wee
haue
not
redde
that
in
any
other
place
twoo
such
seas
haue
enuironed
any
lande
with
soo
narowe
lymittes
.
For
it
hath
on
the
right
syde
,
the
great
Ocean
where
the
sonne
goeth
downe
on
the
lefte
hande
:
And
an
other
on
the
other
syde
where
the
sonne
ryseth
,
nothynge
inferioure
to
the
fyrst
in
greatenes
,
for
they
suppose
it
to
bee
myxte
and
ioyned
as
all
one
with
the
sea
of
East
India
.
This
lande
therefore
being
burdened
with
so
great
a
weight
on
the
one
syde
and
on
the
other
(
yf
this
opinion
bee
of
anye
value
)
is
enforced
to
swalowe
vp
such
deuoured
waters
,
and
ageyne
to
cast
foorth
the
same
in
open
springes
and
streames
.
But
if
wee
shall
denye
that
the
earth
draweth
humours
of
the
sea
,
and
agree
that
all
fountaynes
or
sprynges
are
engendered
of
the
conuersion
or
turnynge
of
ayer
into
water
distilling
within
the
halowe
places
of
the
montaynes
(
as
the
most
part
thinke
)
we
wyll
gyue
place
rather
to
th
autoritie
of
them
whiche
stycke
to
those
reasons
,
then
that
owre
sense
is
satisfyed
of
the
full
truth
therof
.
Yet
doo
I
not
repugne
that
in
sume
caues
of
mountaynes
,
water
is
turned
into
ayer
.
Conursion
of
ayer
into
water
in
the
caues
of
mountayn●s
.
For
I
my selfe
haue
seene
,
howe
in
the
caues
of
manye
mountaynes
in
Spayne
,
in
maner
showers
of
rayne
doo
faule
continually
:
And
that
the
water
gathered
by
this
meanes
,
doth
send
furth
certeyne
ryuers
by
the
sydes
of
the
mountaynes
,
wherwith
al
suche
trees
as
are
planted
on
the
s●iepe
or
foote
of
the
mountaynes
,
as
vines
,
Oliue
trees
,
and
suche
other
,
are
watered
.
And
this
especially
in
one
place
:
As
the
ryght
honorable
Lodouike
the
Cardinall
of
Aragonie
moste
obsequious
to
yowre
holynes
,
and
twoo
other
byshoppes
of
Italy
,
wherof
the
one
is
Siluius
Pandonus
,
and
the
other
an
Archebysshop
(
whose
name
and
tytle
I
doo
not
remember
)
can
beare
me
wytnes
.
For
when
wee
were
togyther
at
Granata
,
lately
delyuered
from
the
dominion
of
the
Moores
,
and
walked
for
owre
pastyme
to
certeine
pleasaunte
hylles
(
by
the
whiche
there
ranne
a
fayre
ryuer
)
Whyle
Cardinall
Lodouike
occupied
hym selfe
in
shutynge
at
byrdes
whiche
were
in
the
bushes
nere
vnto
the
ryuer
,
I
and
the
other
twoo
bysshops
determined
to
clime
the
mountaynes
to
searche
th
originall
and
springe
of
the
ryuer
:
for
wee
were
not
farre
from
the
toppes
thereof
.
Folowynge
therefore
the
course
of
the
ryuer
,
wee
founde
a
greate
caue
in
which
was
a
continuall
faule
of
water
as
it
had
byn
a
●houre
of
rayne
:
Showers
of
rayne
in
the
caues
of
montaynes
the
water
wherof
,
faulyng
into
a
trenche
made
with
mans
hand
,
encreaseth
to
a
ryuer
,
and
runneth
downe
by
the
sydes
of
the
mountaynes
.
The
lyke
is
also
seene
in
this
famous
towne
of
Valladoleto
(
where
we
nowe
suiorne
)
in
a
certeyne
greene
close
,
not
past
a
furlonge
distant
from
the
waules
of
the
towne
.
I
graunte
therfore
that
in
certeyne
places
by
conuersion
of
the
ayrie
dewe
into
water
within
the
caues
of
suche
mountaynes
,
many
sprynges
and
ryuers
are
engendred
.
But
I
suppose
that
nature
was
not
sollicitate
to
brynge
furthe
suche
greate
fluds
by
this
so
smaule
industry
.
Twoo
reasons
therfore
,
do
sound
beste
to
my
iudgement
:
whereof
the
one
is
,
the
often
faule
of
rayne
:
The
often
fal
of
ra●ne
and
cont●nuall
sprynge
time
.
The
other
,
the
continuall
autumne
or
sprynge
tyme
which
is
in
those
regions
beinge
soo
nere
vnto
the
Equinoctial
that
the
common
people
can
perceaue
no
difference
betwene
the
length
of
the
day
and
the
night
throwgh
owt
al
the
yeare
whereas
these
two
seasons
are
more
apte
to
engender
abundance
of
rayne
then
eyther
extreme
wynter
or
feruent
summer
An
other
reason
in
effect
much
lyke
vnto
the
fyrst
,
The
Equinoc●iall
.
is
this
:
If
the
sea
bee
full
of
pores
,
and
that
by
the
pores
therof
beinge
opened
by
the
Southe
windes
,
The
pores
of
the
sea
&
the
South
wynd
.
wee
shal
consent
that
vapours
are
lyfted
vp
wherof
the
watery
cloudes
are
engendred
,
this
lande
must
needes
bee
moysted
with
moo
shoures
then
anye
other
,
yf
it
bee
as
narowe
as
they
saye
,
and
enuironed
with
twoo
mayne
seas
collaterally
beatinge
on
the
same
.
Howe
so
euer
it
be
:
I
can
not
but
gyue
credit
to
the
report
of
such
worthy
men
as
haue
recourse
to
those
regions
:
And
can
noo
lesse
then
declare
the
same
albeit
it
may
seeme
incredible
to
sume
ignorant
persons
not
knowynge
the
poure
of
nature
to
whome
Plinie
was
persuaded
that
nothynge
was
impossible
.
Nothinge
impossible
to
the
poure
of
naure
.
Wee
haue
therfore
thought
it
good
to
make
this
discourse
by
the
way
of
argument
,
least
on
the
one
syde
,
men
of
good
lernyng
and
iudgement
,
and
on
the
other
syde
,
suche
as
are
studious
to
fynde
occasions
of
quarelynge
in
other
mens
wrytynges
,
shulde
iudge
vs
to
bee
so
vndescreete
lyghtly
to
gyue
creditte
to
euery
tale
not
beinge
consonant
to
reason
.
But
of
the
force
and
greate
violence
of
those
fresshe
waters
,
The
cause
of
the
greatnes
and
force
of
the
goulfe
.
which
repulsinge
the
sea
make
so
greate
a
goulfe
(
as
wee
haue
sayde
)
I
thinke
the
cause
therof
to
bee
the
greate
multitude
of
fluddes
and
ryuers
,
which
beinge
gathered
togither
,
make
so
great
a
poole
:
and
not
one
ryuer
as
they
suppose
.
And
for
as
muche
as
the
mountaynes
are
excedynge
hyghe
and
stiepe
,
hygh
and
stiepe
hylles
I
thinke
the
violence
of
the
faule
of
the
waters
to
be
of
such
force
,
that
this
conflicte
betwene
the
waters
,
is
caused
by
th
impulsion
of
the
poole
that
the
salte
water
can
not
enter
into
the
goulfe
.
But
here
perhappes
sume
wyll
marueyle
at
me
why
I
shulde
marueyle
soo
muche
hereat
,
speakynge
vnto
me
scornefully
after
this
maner
.
Why
dothe
he
soo
marueyle
at
the
greate
ryuers
of
these
Regions
?
Hathe
not
Italye
his
Eridanus
,
The
fludde
Eridanus
.
named
the
kynge
of
ryuers
of
the
owlde
wryters
?
Haue
not
other
regions
also
the
lyke
?
as
wee
reede
of
Tanais
,
Tanais
.
Ganges
,
Ganges
.
and
Danubius
,
Danubius
.
which
are
sayde
soo
to
ouercoome
the
sea
,
that
freshe
water
may
bee
drawne
fortie
myles
within
the
fame
.
These
menne
I
woolde
satisfie
with
this
answere
.
The
famous
ryuer
of
Padus
in
Italye
(
whiche
they
nowe
caule
Po
,
Padus
.
and
was
of
the
Greekes
cauled
Eridanus
)
hath
the
greate
mountaynes
cauled
Alpes
diuidinge
Fraunce
,
Alpes
.
Germanie
,
and
Pannonie
from
Italye
,
lyinge
at
the
backe
therof
as
it
were
bulwarges
agger
,
full
of
moysture
:
And
with
a
longe
tracte
receauinge
Ticinum
with
innumerable
other
great
ryuers
,
Ticinum
.
fauleth
into
the
sea
Adriatike
.
The
sea
Adriatike
,
sume
caule
the
go●lfe
of
Uenes
.
The
lyke
is
also
to
bee
vnderstode
of
the
other
.
But
these
ryuers
(
as
owre
men
were
enformed
by
the
kynges
)
faul
into
the
Ocean
sea
with
larger
and
fuller
chanels
nere
hand
.
And
sume
there
are
which
affirme
this
lande
to
bee
very
large
in
other
places
althowgh
it
bee
but
narowe
here
.
There
commeth
also
to
my
remembrance
an
other
cause
:
the
whiche
althowgh
it
bee
of
no
greate
force
,
An other
reason
yet
doo
I
entende
to
wryte
it
.
Perhappes
therfore
the
length
of
the
lande
reachyng
far
from
the
Easte
to
the
weste
,
if
it
bee
narowe
,
may
bee
a
helpe
hereunto
.
For
as
wee
reade
that
the
ryuer
Alpheus
passethe
through
the
holowe
places
vnder
the
sea
from
the
citie
of
Elis
in
Peloponoso
,
The
ryuer
Alpheus
.
and
breaketh
foorth
at
the
fountayne
or
sprynge
Arethusa
in
the
Iland
of
Sicilia
,
Arethusa
so
is
it
possible
that
these
mountaynes
may
haue
suche
longe
caues
perteynynge
vnto
theim
,
Longe
caues
in
the
mountaynes
.
that
they
may
be
the
receptacles
of
the
water
passing
through
the
landes
beinge
farre
distante
:
And
that
the
same
waters
commynge
by
soo
longe
a
tracte
,
may
in
the
way
bee
greately
encreased
by
the
conuersion
of
ayer
into
water
,
as
wee
haue
sayde
.
Thus
muche
haue
I
spoken
freely
,
permittinge
bothe
to
them
whiche
doo
frendely
enterprete
other
mens
doinges
,
and
also
to
the
malicious
scorners
,
to
take
the
thynge
euen
as
them
lysteth
.
For
hetherto
I
can
make
no
further
declaration
hereof
.
But
when
the
truth
shal
be
better
knowen
,
I
wyl
do
my
diligence
to
commit
the
same
to
wryting
.
Nowe
therefore
,
forasmuche
as
we
haue
spoken
thus
muche
of
the
breadth
of
this
land
,
we
entend
to
describe
the
length
&
forme
of
the
same
.
¶
The
tenth
booke
of
the
seconde
Decade
,
of
the
supposed
Continent
.
THat
lande
reacheth
foorth
into
the
sea
euen
as
doth
Italy
,
althowgh
not
like
the
legge
of
a
man
as
it
doth
.
The
length
and
forme
of
the
Iland
.
Cap.
S.
Augusti
.
But
I
nowe
compare
a
Pigmean
or
a
dwarfe
to
a
giant
.
For
that
part
therof
which
the
Spaniardes
haue
ouer
runne
from
the
sayde
Easte
poynt
which
reacheth
towarde
the
sea
Atlantike
(
the
ende
not
beinge
yet
founde
towarde
the
Weste
)
is
more
then
eyght
tymes
longer
then
Italye
.
Eyght
tymes
bygger
t●en
Italy
besyde
that
part
whiche
the
Portugales
po●sesse
.
Italy
is
in
length
a
thou●and
and
two
hundreth
myles
,
and
in
breadth
foure
hundreth
and
ten
.
And
by
what
reason
I
am
moued
to
say
eyght
tymes
,
yowre
holynes
shall
vnderstande
.
From
the
tyme
therefore
that
I
fyrste
determined
to
obeye
their
requestes
who
wylled
me
fyrste
in
yowre
name
to
wryte
these
thynges
in
the
laten
tonge
,
I
dyd
my
endeuoure
that
al
thinges
myght
coome
foorth
with
dewe
tryall
and
experience
.
Wherupon
I
repayred
to
the
byshoppe
of
Burges
beinge
the
chiefe
refuge
of
this
nauigation
.
As
wee
were
therfore
secretly
togyther
in
one
chamber
,
we
had
many
instrumentes
perteynynge
to
these
affayres
as
globes
and
manye
of
those
mappes
which
are
commonly
cauled
the
shipmans
cardes
,
or
cardes
of
the
sea
.
Cardes
of
the
sea
.
Of
the
which
,
one
was
drawen
by
the
Portugales
,
wherunto
Americus
Vesputius
is
sayde
to
haue
put
to
his
hande
,
beinge
a
man
moste
experte
in
this
facultie
and
a
Florentyne
borne
:
The
carde
of
Americus
Uesputius
.
who
also
vnder
the
stipende
of
the
Portugales
,
hadde
sayled
towarde
the
south
pole
many
degrees
beyond
the
Equinoctiall
.
In
this
carde
we
founde
the
fyrst
front
of
this
land
to
bee
brooder
then
the
kynges
of
Vraba
had
persuaded
owre
men
of
theyr
mountaynes
.
To
an
other
,
Colonus
the
Admiral
whyle
he
yet
lyued
and
searched
those
places
had
gyuen
the
beginnynge
with
his
owne
handes
:
The
carde
of
Colonus
.
Wherunto
Bartholomeus
Colonus
his
brother
and
Lieuetenaunt
had
addid
his
iudgement
,
for
he
also
,
had
sayled
aboute
those
coastes
.
Of
the
Spanyardes
lykewyse
,
as
many
as
thought
them selues
to
haue
any
knowleage
what
perteyned
to
measure
the
lande
and
the
sea
,
drewe
certeyne
cardes
in
parchement
as
concernyng
these
nauigations
.
Of
all
other
,
they
most
esteeme
them
which
Iohannes
de
la
Cossa
the
coompanion
of
Fogeda
(
whom
wee
sayde
to
bee
slayne
of
the
people
of
Caramairi
in
the
hauen
Carthago
,
The
carde
of
Iohannes
de
la
Cossa
.
)
and
an
other
expert
pylot
cauled
Andreas
Moralis
,
The
carde
of
Andreas
moralis
.
had
set
foorth
.
And
this
aswell
for
the
greate
experience
which
they
bothe
hadde
(
to
whom
these
tractes
were
as
wel
knowen
as
the
chambers
of
theyr
owne
houses
)
as
also
that
they
were
thought
to
bee
cunninger
in
that
parte
of
Cosmographie
which
teacheth
the
description
and
measuringe
of
the
sea
.
Conferringe
therefore
all
these
cardes
togyther
,
in
euery
of
the
whiche
was
drawen
a
lyne
expressinge
,
not
the
myles
,
The
maner
of
measuring
the
cardes
.
but
leagues
after
the
maner
of
the
Spanyardes
,
we
tooke
owre
compases
and
beganne
to
measure
the
sea
coastes
after
this
order
.
From
that
poynt
or
fronte
which
we
sayde
to
bee
included
within
the
lyne
perteynynge
to
the
Portugales
iurisdiction
,
Loke
decade
i.
liber
.
iii.
beinge
drawen
by
the
paralelles
of
the
Ilandes
of
Cabouerde
,
The
Iland
of
Cabouerde
.
but
a
hundreth
leagues
further
towarde
the
weste
(
which
they
haue
nowe
also
searched
on
euery
syde
)
we
founde
three
hundreth
leagues
to
the
enterance
of
the
ryuer
Maragnonum
:
Maragnonum
And
from
thense
to
Os
Draconis
,
Os
Draconis
seuen
hundreth
leagues
:
but
sumwhat
lesse
in
the
description
of
sume
:
For
they
doo
not
agree
in
al
poyntes
exquisitely
.
The
Spanyardes
wyll
that
a
league
conteyne
foure
myles
by
sea
and
but
three
by
lande
.
A
league
.
From
Os
Draconis
,
to
the
cape
or
poynt
of
Cuchibacoa
,
Cuchibachoa
.
which
beinge
pa●sed
,
there
is
a
goulfe
on
the
lefte
hande
,
we
measured
three
hundrethe
leagues
in
one
carde
,
and
much
thereabout
in
an
other
.
From
this
poynt
of
Cuchibacoa
,
to
the
region
of
Caramairi
in
which
is
the
hauen
Carthago
(
which
sum
caule
Carthagena
)
we
found
about
a
hundreth
and
seuentie
leagues
.
Caramairi
.
Carthago
.
From
Caramairi
to
the
Ilande
Fortis
,
,
The
Iland
Fortis
.
fiftie
leagues
.
From
thense
to
the
goulfes
of
Vraba
amonge
the
which
is
the
vyllage
cauled
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
where
the
Spanyardes
haue
apoynted
theyr
habitacion
,
Vraba
.
only
.xxxiii.
leagues
.
From
the
ryuer
of
Vraba
in
the
prouince
of
Dariena
to
the
ryuer
of
Beragua
where
Nicuesa
hadde
intended
to
haue
fastened
his
foote
if
god
hadde
not
otherwyse
decreed
,
Beragua
.
we
measured
a
hundreth
and
thirtie
leagues
.
Frome
Beragua
to
that
ryuer
whiche
wee
sayde
of
Colonus
to
bee
cauled
Sancti
Matthei
,
R.
Sancti
Matthei
.i
in
the
which
also
Nicuesa
loosinge
his
carauell
,
wandered
in
greate
calamities
,
we
founde
in
owre
cardes
,
onely
a
hundreth
and
fortie
leagues
:
Yet
many
other
which
of
late
tyme
haue
coome
from
these
partes
,
haue
descrybed
many
moo
leagues
in
this
tracte
from
the
ryuer
of
Sancti
Matthei
:
In
which
also
,
they
place
dyuers
ryuers
,
as
Aburema
with
the
Ilande
cauled
Scutum
Cateba
R.
Aburema
Scutum
Cateba
lyinge
before
it
,
whose
kynges
name
is
Facies
combusta
.
Lykewise
an
other
ryuer
cauled
Zobraba
:
R.
Zobroba
.
after
that
,
Vrida
:
Vrid●
.
and
then
Duraba
in
the
which
gold
is
founde
.
Duraba
,
Furthermore
,
many
goodly
hauens
,
as
Cerabaro
and
Hiebra
,
Cerabaro
,
Hiebra
,
soo
cauled
of
th
inhabitantes
.
And
thus
if
yowre
holynes
wyll
conferre
these
numbers
togyther
,
yowe
shall
fynde
in
this
accompte
,
a
thousand
fiue
hundreth
twentie
and
fyue
leagues
,
Note
.
whiche
amounte
to
f●ue
thousande
and
seuen
hundreth
myles
from
the
poynt
of
Sancti
Matthei
,
R.
d●
los
perdides
which
they
caule
Sinum
perditorum
:
that
is
,
the
goulfe
of
the
loste
men
.
But
we
may
not
leaue
here
.
For
after
this
,
one
Astar
Ouetens●s
,
otherwyse
named
Iohannes
Dias
de
Solis
,
The
nauigation
of
I●●annes
Dias
.
borne
in
Nebrissa
(
which
bringe●h
foorth
many
lerned
men
)
saylinge
frome
this
ryuer
towarde
the
weste
,
ouer
ranne
manye
coastes
&
leagues
:
But
the
myddeste
of
that
shore
,
bendethe
towarde
the
North
:
And
is
not
therfore
directly
placed
in
order
with
the
other
.
Yet
may
we
gather
by
a
diameter
or
ryght
lyne
,
about
three
hundreth
leagues
.
Hereby
maye
yowe
gather
what
is
the
length
of
this
lande
.
The
eleuation
of
the
pole
.
But
of
th●
breadth
,
perhappes
wee
shall
hereafter
haue
further
knowleage
.
Let
vs
nowe
speake
sumwhat
of
the
varietie
of
the
degrees
of
the
eleuation
of
the
pole
starres
.
This
lande
therfore
,
althowgh
it
reache
foorth
from
the
East
into
the
Weste
,
yet
is
it
crooked
and
hathe
the
poynt
bendynge
so
toward
the
south
,
that
it
loseth
the
sight
of
the
North
pole
,
The
iuri●diction
of
the
Po●tugales
.
and
is
extendend
beyonde
the
Equinoctial
lyne
seuen
degrees
towarde
the
South
pole
.
But
the
poynt
herof
,
perteyneth
to
the
iurisdiction
of
the
Portugales
as
we
haue
sayde
.
Leauinge
this
poynt
and
saylinge
toward
Paria
the
north
starre
is
seene
ageyne
,
Paria
,
and
is
so
much
the
more
lyfted
vp
,
in
howe
much
the
region
enclyneth
more
towarde
the
Weste
.
The
Spanyardes
therfore
,
haue
dyuers
degrees
of
eleuations
,
vntyl
they
come
to
Dariena
beinge
their
chiefe
station
and
dwellynge
place
in
those
landes
.
Darlena
.
For
they
haue
forsaken
Beragua
,
Beragua
.
where
they
found
the
North
pole
eleuate
.viii.
degrees
But
from
hense
the
lande
doth
soo
muche
bende
towarde
the
North
,
that
it
is
there
in
maner
equall
with
the
degrees
of
the
strayghtes
of
Hercules
pyllers
:
hercules
pyllers
.
especially
yf
wee
measure
certeyne
landes
founde
by
them
towarde
the
Northe
syde
of
Hispaniola
.
Emonge
the
which
,
there
is
an
Ilande
,
about
three
hundreth
and
.xxv.
leagues
from
Hispaniola
,
as
they
say
whiche
haue
searched
the
same
,
named
Boiuca
or
Agnaneo
,
in
the
which
is
a
continual
sprynge
of
runnynge
water
of
such
maruelous
vertue
,
that
the
water
therof
beinge
dronk
,
The
Ilande
Boiuca
or
Agnaneo
.
perhappes
with
sume
dyete
,
maketh
owld
men
younge
ageyne
.
And
here
must
I
make
protestacion
to
yowre
holynes
,
not
to
thynke
this
to
bee
sayde
lyghtly
or
rashely
.
A
water
of
maruelous
vertue
.
For
they
haue
soo
spredde
this
rumour
for
a
truth
throwghowt
all
the
courte
,
that
not
onely
all
the
people
,
but
also
many
of
them
whom
wisedome
or
fortune
hath
diuided
from
the
common
sort
,
thinke
it
to
be
true
.
But
if
yowe
shal
aske
my
opinion
herein
,
The
renouation
of
age
.
I
wyl
answere
that
I
wyll
not
attribute
so
greate
poure
to
nature
:
but
that
god
hath
noo
lesse
reserued
this
prerogatiue
to
hym selfe
,
then
to
searche
the
hartes
of
men
,
or
to
gyue
substance
to
priuation
,
(
that
is
)
beinge
to
noo
beinge
:
Excepte
we
shall
beleue
the
fable
of
Colobis
of
Eson
renouate
,
to
bee
as
trewe
as
the
wrytinges
of
Sibylla
Erythrea
.
Albeit
perhappes
the
scoles
of
phisitians
and
naturall
philosophers
wyll
not
muche
stycke
to
affirme
that
by
thuse
of
certeyne
secreate
medecines
and
dyete
,
The
accidentes
of
age
may
bee
hydden
.
the
accidentes
of
age
(
as
they
caule
them
)
may
be
longe
hydden
and
deferred
,
which
they
wyll
to
bee
vnderstoode
,
by
the
renouacion
of
age
.
And
to
haue
sayde
thus
much
of
the
length
and
breadthe
of
these
Regions
,
and
of
the
rowghe
and
hugious
mountaynes
with
theyr
watery
caues
,
also
of
the
dyuers
degrees
of
that
lande
,
I
thinke
it
sufficient
.
But
I
thowght
it
not
good
to
let
passe
what
chaunced
to
these
miserable
men
amonge
theyr
generall
calamities
.
I
remember
that
when
I
was
a
chylde
,
mee
thowght
my
bowelles
grated
and
that
my
spirites
were
maruelouslye
troubeled
for
verye
pitie
,
when
I
readde
in
the
poet
Uirgyl
howe
Achemenides
was
lefte
of
Vlysses
vpon
the
sea
bankes
amonge
the
giantes
cauled
Cyclopes
.
Achemenides
,
Vlyss●s
.
Encas
.
where
for
the
space
of
many
dayes
from
the
departinge
of
Vlyss●s
vntyll
the
commynge
of
Encas
he
eate
none
other
meate
but
only
berryes
and
hawes
.
But
owre
vnfortunate
Spanyardes
whiche
folowed
Nicuesa
to
inhabite
Beragua
,
Extreme
hunger
.
woolde
haue
estemed
hawes
and
berryes
for
greate
delicates
.
What
shulde
I
heare
speake
of
the
heade
of
an
asse
bowght
for
a
greate
price
,
and
of
such
other
extremities
as
men
haue
suffered
in
townes
beseaged
?
This
was
at
the
●iege
of
hieru●alem
.
After
that
Nicuesa
hadde
determyned
to
leaue
Beragua
for
the
barrennes
of
the
soyle
,
he
attempted
to
searche
Por●um
Bellum
,
Portus
B●llus
and
then
the
coastes
of
the
poynt
cauled
Marmor
,
Ma●mo●
.
if
he
myght
there
fynde
a
place
more
fortunate
to
inhabite
.
In
this
meane
tyme
,
so
greuous
famen
oppressed
his
souldiers
,
that
they
neyther
absteyned
from
eatinge
of
mangie
dogges
which
they
had
with
them
aswell
for
theyr
defence
as
for
huntynge
(
for
in
the
warre
ageynst
the
naked
people
,
Mangy
dogs
eaten
.
dogges
stoode
them
in
greate
steade
)
nor
yet
sumtymes
from
the
slayne
inhabitantes
.
Fo●
they
founde
not
there
any
frutefull
trees
or
plentie
of
foules
as
in
Dariena
,
but
a
barren
grounde
and
not
meete
to
bee
inhabited
.
Here
certeyne
of
the
souldiers
made
a
bargein
with
one
of
theyr
felowes
for
the
price
of
a
leane
dogge
,
who
also
was
almoste
deade
for
hunger
:
A
mangy
dog
dere
sold.
They
gaue
the
owner
of
the
dogge
many
of
those
pieces
of
golde
which
they
caule
Pesos
or
golden
Castellans
.
Thus
agreinge
of
the
price
,
they
fleid
the
dogge
to
bee
eaten
,
and
caste
his
mangie
skynne
with
the
bones
of
the
heade
hangynge
therto
,
amonge
the
bushes
.
The
day
folowynge
,
a
certeyne
foot●man
of
theyr
company
,
chaunced
to
fynde
the
skynne
beinge
nowe
full
of
maggottes
and
stynkynge
.
He
brought
it
home
with
hym
,
sodde
it
,
and
eate
it
.
Many
resorted
to
hym
with
theyr
dysshes
for
the
brothe
of
the
sodde
skynne
,
Broth
of
a
mangy
dogs
skynne
.
proferinge
hym
for
euerye
dysshefull
a
piece
of
golde
.
An
other
founde
twoo
toades
and
sodde
them
which
a
sicke
man
bought
of
hym
for
twoo
fyne
shertes
curiously
wrought
of
lynen
intermyxt
with
golde
.
Toades
eaten
Certeyn
other
wanderinge
abowte
to
seeke
for
vytayles
,
founde
in
a
patheway
in
the
myddest
of
a
fyelde
,
a
deade
man
of
th
inhabitantes
whiche
had
byn
slayne
of
his
owne
coompanye
and
was
nowe
rotten
and
stynkynge
.
A
deade
man
eaten
.
They
drewe
hym
a
syde
,
dismemberde
hym
secreatly
,
rosted
hym
and
eate
hym
,
therewith
asswagynge
theyr
hunger
as
yf
they
had
byn
fedde
with
pheasauntes
.
One
also
,
which
departinge
from
his
companions
in
the
nyght
season
,
went
a
fyshyng
amonge
the
reedes
of
the
marysshes
,
lyued
only
with
slyme
or
mudde
for
the
space
of
certeyne
dayes
,
vntyll
at
the
lengthe
creepinge
and
almoste
deade
,
he
founde
the
way
to
his
felowes
.
And
thus
these
miserable
men
of
Beragua
vexed
with
these
and
suche
other
aflictions
,
were
browghe
from
the
number
of
seuen
hundreth
thre
score
&
ten
souldiers
,
scarsely
to
fortie
,
beinge
nowe
also
added
to
the
coompany
of
them
in
Dariena
.
Fewe
were
slayne
of
th
inhabitantes
.
But
the
resydewe
consumed
by
famen
,
breathed
owt
theyr
wery
sowles
,
openynge
a
waye
to
the
newe
landes
for
such
as
shal
coome
after
them
,
appeasinge
the
fury
of
the
barbarous
nations
,
with
the
price
of
theyr
bludde
.
Note
.
Consyderinge
therfore
after
these
stormes
,
with
what
case
other
men
shall
ouerrunne
and
inhabite
these
landes
,
in
respecte
to
the
calamities
that
these
men
haue
suffered
,
they
shall
seeme
to
goo
to
bryde
feastes
where
all
thynges
are
redy
prepared
ageynst
their
commynge
.
But
where
Petrus
Arias
arryued
with
the
kynges
nauie
and
newe
supply
of
men
,
Petrus
Arias
whom
the
Spanyardes
caule
Ped●arias
.
to
this
houre
I
knowe
no
certentie
.
What
shall
chaunce
herafter
I
wyll
make
diligente
inquisition
if
I
shall
vnderstande
this
to
bee
acceptable
to
yowre
holynes
.
Thus
I
byd
yowe
hartely
farewell
:
from
the
courte
of
the
mooste
Catholyke
kynge
,
the
daye
beefore
the
nones
of
December
,
in
the
yeare
of
Christe
,
M.
D.
XIIII
.
¶
The
fyrst
booke
of
the
thyrde
Decade
,
to
the
bysshoppe
of
Rome
Leo
the
tenth
.
I
Was
determyned
(
moste
holye
father
)
to
haue
closed
vp
the
gates
to
this
newe
worlde
,
supposinge
that
I
had
wandered
farre
enowgh
in
the
coastes
therof
,
while
in
the
meane
time
newe
letters
were
brought
me
frome
thense
,
which
caused
me
ageyne
to
take
my
penne
in
hande
.
For
I
receaued
letters
not
only
from
certeyne
of
myne
acquaintaunce
there
,
but
also
frome
Vaschus
Nunnez
whome
we
sayde
by
the
confidence
of
his
owne
poure
with
his
confetherates
,
Ua●chus
Nunn●z
,
gouernor
of
Dariena
.
to
haue
vsurped
the
gouernaunce
of
Dariena
after
the
reiecting
of
Nicues●
and
Ane●sus
,
Lieuetenantes
.
By
his
letter
wrytten
after
his
warlyke
maner
,
wee
vnderstand
that
he
hath
passed
ouer
the
mountaynes
,
diuidyng
the
Ocean
knowen
to
vs
,
The
newe
south
Ocean
.
from
the
other
mayne
sea
on
the
south
syde
of
this
lande
hetherto
vnknowen
.
His
epistell
is
greater
then
that
cauled
Capreensis
de
Seiano
.
But
wee
haue
gathered
out
of
that
and
other
,
onely
suche
thynges
as
we
thowght
moste
woorthy
to
bee
noted
.
Vaschus
soo
behaued
hym selfe
in
these
affayres
,
that
he
dyd
not
onely
pacifie
the
kynges
displeasure
conceaued
ageynst
hym
,
but
also
made
hym
so
fauorable
and
gracious
good
lorde
towarde
hym
,
that
he
rewarded
him
and
his
coompanions
with
many
honorable
gyftes
and
priuileges
for
theyr
attemptes
.
Wherfore
I
desyre
yowre
holynes
to
inclyne
yowre
attentiue
cares
,
and
to
consyder
with
a
ioyfull
mynde
what
they
haue
browght
to
passe
in
these
great
enterpryses
.
●●mmendati●●
of
the
Spa●●ardes
.
For
this
valiante
nation
(
the
Spanyardes
I
meane
)
haue
not
onely
with
greate
paynes
and
innumerable
dangers
subdued
to
the
Christian
empire
,
infinite
hundre●es
and
legions
,
but
also
myriades
of
men
.
Vaschus
Nunnez
therfore
,
whether
it
were
that
he
was
impacient
of
Idlenes
(
for
a
valiente
mynde
can
not
rest
in
one
place
or
bee
vnoccupyed
)
or
leaste
any
other
shulde
preuent
hym
in
soo
great
a
matter
(
suspecting
the
newe
gouernour
Petrus
Arias
)
or
being
moued
by
both
these
causes
,
●
Ualient
mynd
can
not
●ee
ydle
.
and
especially
for
that
the
kynge
had
taken
displeasure
with
hym
for
such
thynges
as
he
had
doone
before
,
toke
th
aduenture
vppon
hym
with
a
fewe
men
to
brynge
that
to
passe
which
the
sonne
of
kynge
Comogrus
thought
could
hardly
haue
byn
doone
with
the
ayde
of
a
thousande
men
,
●
desperate
●duenture
wherof
Petrus
Arias
was
appoynted
capitayne
for
the
same
purpose
.
Assemblynge
therfore
certeyne
of
the
owlde
souldiers
of
Dariena
,
and
many
of
those
whiche
came
lately
from
Hispaniola
,
allured
by
the
fame
of
greater
plentie
of
golde
,
Uaschus
his
v●age
toward
●he
golden
●ountaynes
.
he
gathered
an
armye
of
a
hundreth
fourescore
and
tenne
men
.
Thus
beinge
furnysshed
and
redie
to
take
his
vyage
by
sea
,
whyle
the
wynde
serued
hym
,
he
departed
frome
Dariena
with
one
brygantine
and
tenne
of
theyr
boates
whiche
they
caule
Canoas
as
wee
haue
sayde
.
Fyrst
therfore
arryuynge
in
the
dominion
of
Careta
kynge
of
Coiba
and
frende
to
the
Christians
,
Careta
kynge
of
Coiba
and
leauynge
his
shyppe
and
boates
there
,
he
made
his
deuout
prayers
to
almyghtie
god
,
and
therwith
went
forwarde
on
his
iourney
by
lande
toward
the
mountaynes
.
Here
he
fyrst
entered
into
the
region
of
kynge
Poncha
,
kyng
Poncha
who
fledde
at
his
commyng
as
he
had
doone
before
.
But
Vaschus
sent
messengers
to
hym
by
the
conduct
of
certeyne
of
Careta
his
men
,
promysinge
hym
frendsh●p
and
defence
ageynst
his
enemies
,
with
many
other
benefites
.
Poncha
thus
entysed
with
the
fayre
speache
and
frendely
profers
bothe
of
owre
men
and
of
the
Caretans
,
came
to
owr
men
gladly
and
wyllyngely
makynge
a
league
of
frendshippe
with
them
,
Vaschus
enterteyned
hym
very
frendely
,
and
persuaded
hym
neuer
therafter
to
stande
in
feare
.
Thus
they
ioyned
handes
,
embrased
,
and
gaue
greate
gyftes
the
one
to
the
other
to
knytte
vp
the
knotte
of
contin●all
amitie
.
Ponc●a
gaue
Vaschus
a
hundreth
and
ten
poundes
weyght
of
golde
,
A
hundreth
&
x.
poundes
weyght
of
golde
.
of
●hat
pounde
which
the
Spanyardes
caule
Pesum
.
He
had
no
greater
plentie
of
golde
at
this
tyme
,
by
reason
he
was
spoyled
the
yeare
before
as
we
haue
sayde
.
Vaschus
to
recompence
one
benefyte
with
an
other
,
gaue
hym
certeyne
of
owre
thynges
,
Strange
thinges
are
counted
precious
.
as
counterfet
rynges
,
Christal
stones
,
copper
cheynes
&
brase
lettes
,
haukes
belles
,
lokynge
glasses
,
and
suche
other
fyne
stuffe
.
These
thynges
they
set
much
by
and
greately
esteeme
.
For
suche
thynges
as
are
straunge
,
are
euery
where
counted
precious
.
He
gaue
also
to
Poncha
certeyne
axes
to
fell
trees
:
which
he
accepted
as
a
princely
gyfte
,
bycause
they
lacke
Iren
and
all
other
metals
except
golde
:
Lacke
of
●ren
.
by
reason
wherof
they
are
enforced
with
greate
laboure
to
cut
theyr
trees
to
buylde
theyr
houses
,
and
especially
to
make
theyr
boates
holowe
withowte
instrumentes
of
Iren
,
with
certeyne
sharpe
stones
whiche
they
fynde
in
the
ryuers
.
A
stone
in
the
steede
of
Irē
.
Thus
Vaschus
leauynge
all
thynges
in
safetie
behynde
hym
,
marched
forwarde
with
his
armye
towarde
the
mountaynes
,
by
the
conducte
of
certeyne
guydes
and
labourers
which
Poncha
had
gyuen
hym
,
as
well
to
leade
hym
the
way
,
as
also
to
cary
his
baggages
and
open
the
straightes
through
the
desolate
places
and
craggy
rockes
full
of
the
dennes
of
wylde
beastes
.
For
there
is
seldoome
entercourse
or
byinge
and
sellynge
betwene
these
naked
people
,
bycause
they
stand
in
neede
of
fewe
thynges
and
haue
not
the
vse
of
money
.
Superflu●ties
hynder
libertie
.
But
yf
at
any
tyme
they
exercise
any
bartering
they
doo
it
but
nere
hande
,
exchangynge
golde
for
housholde
stuffe
with
theyr
confines
whiche
sumewhat
esteeme
the
same
for
ornamente
when
it
is
wrough●
.
Other
superfluities
they
vtterly
contemne
,
as
hynderances
of
theyr
sweete
libertie
,
for
asmuch
as
they
are
gyuen
only
to
play
and
Idelnes
.
And
for
this
cause
,
the
high
wayes
which
lye
betwene
theyr
regions
are
not
much
worne
with
many
iorneys
.
Yet
haue
theyr
scoutes
certeyne
priuie
markes
whereby
they
knowe
the
waye
the
one
to
inuade
the
others
dominions
,
and
spoyle
and
infeste
them selues
on
bothe
sydes
with
mutual
incursions
priuilie
in
the
nyght
season
.
By
the
helpe
therfore
of
theyr
guydes
and
labourers
,
with
owre
carpenters
,
Carpenters
.
he
passed
ouer
the
horrible
mountaynes
and
many
greate
ryuers
lyinge
in
the
way
,
ouer
the
which
h●
made
brydges
eyther
with
pyles
or
trunkes
of
trees
.
Brydges
.
And
here
doo
I
let
passe
manye
thynges
whiche
they
su●fered
for
lacke
of
necessaries
,
beinge
also
in
maner
ouercome
with
extreme
laboure
,
leaste
I
shulde
bee
tedious
in
rehersinge
thynges
of
smaule
value
.
But
I
haue
thought
it
good
not
to
omitte
suche
doinges
as
he
had
with
the
kynges
by
the
waye
.
Therefore
or
euer
he
came
to
the
toppes
of
the
hygh
mountaynes
,
he
entered
into
a
Region
cauled
Quarequa
,
The
region
of
Quarequa
.
and
mette
with
the
kynge
thereof
cauled
by
the
same
name
,
with
a
greate
hande
of
men
armed
after
theyr
maner
,
as
with
bowes
and
arrowes
,
longe
and
brode
two
handed
swordes
made
of
wodde
,
longe
staues
hardened
at
the
endes
with
fyer
,
dartes
also
and
slynges
.
He
came
proudely
and
cruelly
ageynst
owre
men
,
and
sent
messengers
to
them
to
byd
theym
stande
and
procede
no
further
:
demaundynge
whyther
they
went
and
what
they
hadde
to
doo
there
.
kinge
Quarequa
is
dryuen
to
flyght
.
Herewith
he
came
foorth
and
shewed
hym selfe
beinge
appareled
with
al
his
nobilitie
:
but
the
other
were
all
naked
.
Then
approchinge
towarde
owre
men
,
he
thretened
them
with
a
lions
countenance
to
depart
from
thense
except
they
woolde
bee
slayne
euery
mothers
sonne
.
When
owre
men
denyed
that
they
woolde
goo
backe
,
he
assayled
them
fiercely
.
But
the
battayle
was
sone
fyny●●●ed
.
For
as
soone
as
they
harde
the
noyse
of
the
hargabu●●es
,
hargabus●es
.
they
beleued
that
owre
menne
caryed
thunder
and
lyghtenynge
about
with
them
.
Many
also
beinge
slayne
and
sore
wounded
with
quarels
of
crossebowes
,
Crossebow●s
they
turned
their
backes
and
fledde
.
Owre
men
folowynge
them
in
the
chase
,
hewed
them
in
pieses
as
the
butchers
doo
flesshe
in
the
shamwelles
,
from
one
an
arme
,
from
an
other
a
legge
,
from
hym
a
buttocke
,
vi
.
C.
Barbarians
are
s●aine
from
an
other
a
shulder
,
and
from
sume
the
necke
from
the
bodye
at
one
stroke
.
Thus
,
syxe
hundreth
of
them
with
theyr
kynge
,
were
slayne
lyke
brute
beastes
.
Vaschus
founde
the
house
of
this
kynge
infected
with
most
abhominable
and
vnnaturall
lechery
.
Unnatural
lechery
.
For
he
founde
the
kynges
brother
and
many
other
younge
men
in
womens
apparell
,
smoth
&
effeminately
decked
,
which
by
the
report
of
such
as
dwelte
abowte
hym
,
he
abused
with
preposterous
venus
.
Of
these
abowte
the
number
of
fortie
,
he
commaunded
to
bee
gyuen
for
a
pray
to
his
dogges
.
For
(
as
we
haue
sayd
)
the
Spaniardes
vs●
he
helpe
of
dogges
in
their
warres
ageynst
the
naked
people
whom
they
inuade
as
fiercely
and
rauenyngely
as
yf
they
were
wylde
boares
or
hartes
.
The
vse
of
dogges
in
the
warre
agenst
the
naked
Barbarians
.
In
soo
muche
that
owre
Spanyardes
haue
founde
theyr
dogges
noo
lesse
faythful
to
them
in
all
daungiours
and
enterpryses
,
then
dyd
the
Colophonians
or
Castabalenses
which
instituted
hole
armies
of
dogges
soo
made
to
serue
in
the
warres
,
that
beinge
accustomed
to
place
them
in
the
fore froonte
of
the
battayles
,
they
neuer
shrunke
or
gaue
backe
.
When
the
people
had
harde
of
the
seuere
punysshement
which
owr
men
had
excecuted
vppon
that
fylthy
kynde
of
men
,
Naturaul
hatred
of
vnnatural
sinne
.
they
resorted
to
theim
as
it
had
byn
to
Hercules
for
refuge
,
by
violence
bryngyng
with
them
al
such
as
they
knewe
to
bee
infected
with
that
pestilence
,
spettynge
in
theyr
faces
and
cryinge
owte
to
owre
men
to
take
reuenge
of
them
and
rydde
them
owte
of
the
worlde
from
amonge
men
as
contagious
beastes
.
This
stinkynge
abhomination
hadde
not
yet
entered
amonge
the
people
,
Palatini
.
but
was
exercised
onely
by
the
noble
men
and
gentelmen
.
But
the
people
lyftinge
vp
theyr
handes
and
eyes
toward
heauen
,
I
wolde
all
men
were
of
this
opinion
.
gaue
tokens
that
god
was
greuously
offended
with
such
vyle
deedes
.
Affirmynge
this
to
bee
the
cause
of
theyr
soo
many
thunderinges
,
lyghtnynge
,
and
tempestes
wherwith
they
are
soo
often
troubeled
:
And
of
the
ouerflowinge
of
waters
which
drowne
theyr
sets
and
frutes
,
whereof
famenne
and
dyuers
diseases
insue
,
as
they
simplye
and
faythfully
beleue
,
although
they
knowe
none
other
god
then
the
soonne
,
whom
onely
they
honoure
,
thinkynge
that
it
dooth
bothe
gyue
and
take
awaye
as
it
is
pleased
or
offended
.
Yet
are
they
very
docible
,
The
harue●●
is
great
&
the
woorkemen
but
fewe
.
and
easye
to
bee
allured
to
owre
customes
and
religion
,
if
they
had
any
teachers
.
In
theyr
language
there
is
nothynge
vnpleasaunte
to
the
eare
or
harde
to
bee
pronounced
,
but
that
all
theyr
woordes
may
bee
wrytten
with
latin
letters
as
wee
sayde
of
th
inhabitantes
of
Hispaniola
.
It
is
a
warlyke
nation
,
warre●yke
people
.
&
hath
byn
euer
hetherto
molestous
to
theyr
bortherers
.
But
the
region
is
not
fortunate
with
frutful
ground
or
plentie
of
gold
.
Yet
is
it
full
of
greate
barren
mountaynes
beinge
sumewhat
colde
by
reason
of
theyr
heyght
.
The
hygher
the
cou●der
.
And
therfore
the
noble
men
and
gentelmen
are
apparelled
.
But
the
common
people
lyue
content
onely
with
the
benefytes
of
nature
.
There
is
a
region
not
past
two
dayes
iourney
distant
from
Quarequa
,
in
which
they
founde
only
blacke
Moores
:
A
region
of
black
moores
and
those
excedynge
fierce
and
cruell
.
They
suppose
that
in
tyme
paste
certeyne
blacke
mores
sayled
thether
owt
of
Aethiopia
to
robbe
:
&
that
by
●hippewracke
or
sume
other
chaunce
,
they
were
dryuen
to
those
mountaynes
.
Thinhabitantes
of
Quarequa
lyue
in
continuall
warre
and
debate
with
these
blacke
men
.
Here
Vaschus
le●uinge
in
Quarequa
many
of
his
souldiers
(
which
by
reason
they
were
not
yet
accustomed
to
such
trauayles
and
hunger
,
Diseases
of
change
of
ayer
&
dyet
.
fell
into
dyuers
diseases
)
tooke
with
hym
certeyne
guydes
of
the
Quarequatans
to
conduct
hym
to
the
toppes
of
the
mountaynes
.
From
the
palaice
of
kynge
Poncha
,
to
the
prospect
of
the
other
south
sea
,
The
south
sea
.
is
only
syxe
dayes
iorney
:
the
which
neuerthelesse
by
reason
of
many
hynderances
and
chaunces
,
and
especially
for
lacke
of
vytayles
,
he
coulde
accomplyshe
in
noo
le●se
then
.xxv.
dayes
.
But
at
the
length
,
the
seuenth
daye
of
the
calendes
of
October
,
Ua●chus
is
coome
to
the
fyght
of
the
newe
south
sea
.
he
behelde
with
woonderinge
eyes
the
toppes
of
the
hygh
mountaynes
shewed
vnto
hym
by
the
guydes
of
Quarequa
,
from
the
whiche
he
myght
see
the
other
sea
soo
longe
looked
for
,
and
neuer
seene
before
of
any
man
commynge
owte
of
owre
worlde
.
Approchinge
therefore
to
the
toppes
of
the
mountaynes
,
he
commaunded
his
armye
to
stey
,
and
went
him selfe
alone
to
the
toppe
,
as
it
were
to
take
the
fyrst
possession
therof
.
Prayer
.
Where
,
faulynge
prostrate
vppon
the
grounde
,
and
raysinge
hym selfe
ageyne
vpon
his
knees
as
is
the
maner
of
the
Christians
to
pray
,
lyftynge
vppe
his
eyes
and
handes
towarde
heauen
,
and
directinge
his
face
towarde
the
newe
founde
south
sea
,
he
poored
foorth
his
humble
and
deuout
prayers
before
almyghtie
God
as
a
spirituall
sacrifice
with
thankes
gyuing
,
God
rayseth
the
poore
from
the
dungehyl
that
it
had
pleased
his
diuine
maiestie
to
reserue
vnto
that
day
the
victorie
and
praise
of
so
greate
a
thynge
vnto
hym
,
beinge
a
man
but
of
smaule
witte
and
knowleage
,
of
lyttle
experience
and
base
parentage
.
When
he
had
thus
made
his
prayers
after
his
warlike
maner
he
beckened
with
his
hande
to
his
coompanions
to
coome
to
hym
,
shewynge
them
the
greate
mayne
sea
heretofore
vnknowen
to
th
inhabitantes
of
Europe
,
Aphrike
,
and
Asia
.
Here
ageyne
he
fell
to
his
prayers
as
before
:
desyringe
almyghtie
God
and
the
blessed
virgin
to
fauour
his
beginninges
,
and
to
gyue
hym
good
successe
to
subdue
those
landes
to
the
glorie
of
his
holy
name
and
encrease
of
his
trewe
religion
.
All
his
coompanions
dyd
lykewyse
,
and
praysed
god
with
loude
voyces
for
ioye
.
Then
Vaschus
,
with
no
lesse
manlye
corage
then
Hanniball
of
Carthage
shewed
his
souldiers
Italye
and
the
promontories
of
the
Alpes
,
hanniball
of
Carthage
.
exhorted
his
men
to
lyft
vp
their
hartes
,
and
to
behoulde
the
lande
euen
nowe
vnder
theyr
feete
,
and
the
sea
before
theyr
eyes
,
whiche
shulde
bee
vnto
them
a
full
and
iust
rewarde
of
theyr
great
laboures
and
trauayles
nowe
ouerpa●sed
.
When
he
had
sayde
these
woordes
,
he
commaunded
them
to
raise
certeine
heapes
of
stones
in
the
steede
of
alters
for
a
token
of
possession
.
Uaschus
taketh
possession
of
the
mountaynes
Then
descendynge
from
the
toppes
of
the
mountaynes
,
least
such
as
might
come
after
hym
shulde
argue
hym
of
lyinge
or
falshod
,
he
wrote
the
kynge
of
Castelles
name
here
and
there
on
the
barkes
of
the
trees
bothe
on
the
ryght
hande
and
on
the
lefte
:
and
raysed
heapes
of
stones
all
the
way
that
he
went
,
vntyll
he
came
to
the
region
of
the
nexte
kynge
towarde
the
south
whose
name
was
Chiapes
.
kynge
Chiapes
.
This
kynge
c●me
foorthe
ageynste
hym
with
a
greate
multitude
of
men
:
threateninge
and
forbyddynge
him
not
onely
to
passe
through
his
dominions
,
but
also
to
goo
no
further
.
Herevppon
,
Vaschus
set
his
battayle
in
array
,
A
battayle
.
and
exhorted
his
men
(
beinge
nowe
but
fewe
)
fiercely
to
assayle
theyr
enemies
,
and
to
esteeme
theym
noo
better
then
dogges
meate
as
they
shulde
bee
shortly
.
Placeinge
therfore
the
hargabusiers
and
masties
in
the
forefroonte
,
they
saluted
kynge
Chiapes
and
his
men
with
su●h
a
larome
,
Chiapes
is
d●yuen
to
f●yght
.
that
when
they
hard
the
noyse
of
the
gunnes
,
sawe
the
flames
of
fyer
,
and
sme●te
the
sauour
of
brymstone
(
for
the
wynde
blewe
towarde
them
)
they
droue
them selues
to
flyght
with
suche
feare
leaste
thunderboultes
and
lyghtnynges
folowed
theim
,
that
manye
fell
downe
to
the
grounde
:
whom
owre
men
pursuinge
,
fyrst
keepinge
theyr
order
,
and
after
breakyng
theyr
array
,
slewe
but
fewe
and
tooke
many
captiue
.
For
they
determined
to
vse
no
extremitie
,
but
to
pacifie
those
Regions
as
quie●lye
as
they
myght
.
Enteringe
therfore
into
the
palaice
of
kynge
Ch●apes
,
Vaschus
commaunded
many
of
the
captiues
to
bee
loo●ed
〈◊〉
lynge
them
to
search
owte
theyr
kynge
,
Ua●chus
sen●●th
for
k●ng
〈◊〉
.
and
to
〈…〉
to
coome
●hyther
:
And
that
in
soo
doinge
,
he
woolde
h●e
his
frende
and
profer
hym
peace
,
besyde
ma●y
〈◊〉
●enefites
.
But
if
he
refused
to
coome
,
it
shulde
turne
to
the
destruction
of
hym
and
his
,
and
vtter
subuersion
of
his
contrey
.
●nd
that
they
myght
the
more
assuredly
do
this
message
to
Chiape●
he
sent
with
them
certeyne
of
the
guydes
whiche
came
with
hym
from
Qnnrequa
.
Thus
Chiapes
beinge
persuaded
aswel
by
the
Quareqans
who
coulde
coniecture
to
what
ende
the
matter
woolde
coome
by
th
experience
whiche
they
had
seene
in
them selues
and
theyr
kynge
,
as
also
by
the
reasons
of
his
owne
men
to
whome
Vaschus
hadde
made
soo
frendely
promyses
in
his
behalfe
,
came
foorthe
of
the
caues
in
the
whiche
he
lurked
,
and
submytted
hym selfe
to
Vaschus
,
Chiapes
submitteth
hym selfe
to
Uaschus
.
who
accepted
hym
frendelye
.
They
ioyned
handes
,
embrased
the
one
the
other
,
made
a
perpetuall
league
of
frendeshippe
,
and
gaue
greate
rewardes
on
bothe
sydes
.
Chiapes
gaue
Vaschus
foure
hundreth
poundes
weyght
of
wrought
goulde
of
those
poundes
whiche
they
caule
Pesos
:
iiii
.
C.
pounds
weyght
of
wrought
gold
.
And
Vaschus
recompensed
hym
ageyne
with
certeyne
of
owre
thynges
.
Thus
beinge
made
freendes
,
they
remayned
togyther
a
fewe
dayes
vntyll
Vaschus
souldiers
were
coome
which
he
lefte
behynde
hym
in
Quarequa
.
Then
caulinge
vnto
hym
the
guydes
and
labourers
which
came
with
hym
from
thense
he
rewarded
them
liberallye
and
dismissed
theym
with
thankes
.
Shortly
after
,
by
the
conduct
of
Chiapes
hym selfe
,
and
certeyne
of
his
men
,
departinge
from
the
toppes
of
the
mountaynes
,
he
came
in
the
space
of
foure
dayes
to
the
bankes
of
the
newe
sea
:
where
assemblynge
al
his
men
togyther
with
the
kynges
scribes
and
notaries
,
they
addicted
al
that
maine
sea
with
all
the
landes
adiacent
there
vnto
to
the
dominion
and
Empire
of
Castile
.
Uaschus
addicteth
the
newe
land
&
sea
,
to
the
dominion
of
Castile
.
Here
he
left
part
of
his
souldiers
with
Chiapes
that
he
myght
theselier
searche
those
coastes
.
And
takyng
with
hym
nyne
of
theyr
lyghters
made
of
one
hole
tree
(
which
they
caule
Culchas
as
th
inhabitantes
of
Hispaniola
caul
them
Canoas
)
and
also
a
bande
of
fourescore
men
with
certeine
of
Chiapes
men
,
he
passed
ouer
a
greate
ryuer
and
came
to
the
region
of
a
certeyne
kynge
whose
name
was
Coquera
.
kynge
Coquera
is
dryuen
to
flygh●
.
He
attempted
to
resyste
owre
men
as
dyd
the
other
,
and
with
lyke
successe
:
for
he
was
ouercoome
and
put
to
flyght
.
But
Vaschus
who
entended
to
wynne
hym
with
gentelnes
,
Uaschus
vseth
both
gentelnes
and
rigour
.
sente
certeyne
Chiapeans
to
him
to
declare
the
greate
poure
of
owre
menner
howe
inuincible
they
were
:
howe
mercifull
to
such
as
submit
them selues
,
also
cruell
and
seuere
to
such
as
obstinatly
with
stande
them
.
Promysinge
hym
furthermore
,
that
by
the
frendshippe
of
owre
men
,
he
myght
bee
well
assured
by
th
exemple
of
other
,
not
onely
to
lyue
in
peace
and
quietnes
hym selfe
,
but
also
to
bee
reuenged
of
th
iniuries
of
his
enemies
.
Wylling
hym
in
conclusion
soo
to
weigh
the
matter
,
that
if
he
refused
this
gentelnes
profered
vnto
hym
by
soo
greate
a
victourer
,
he
shulde
or
it
were
longe
,
lerne
by
feelynge
to
repent
him
to
late
of
that
perel
which
he
myght
haue
auoyded
by
hearing
.
Coquera
with
these
woordes
and
exemples
,
shaken
with
great
feare
,
came
gladly
with
the
messengers
,
bryngyng
with
him
syxe
hundreth
&
.l.
Pesos
of
wrought
gold
,
vi
.
C.
and
.l.
poundes
weyght
of
wrought
gold
which
he
gaue
vnto
owre
men
.
Vaschus
rewarded
hym
lykewise
as
we
sayd
before
of
Poncha
,
Coquera
beinge
thus
pacified
,
they
returned
to
the
palaice
of
Chiapes
.
Where
,
visitinge
theyr
companions
,
and
restynge
there
a
whyle
,
Vaschus
determyned
to
search
the
nexte
greate
goulfe
,
the
which
,
from
the
furthest
reachynge
therof
into
the
lande
of
theyr
countreys
,
from
the
enteraunce
of
the
mayne
sea
,
they
saye
to
bee
threescore
myles
.
A
goulfe
of
threescore
myles
.
This
they
named
saynt
Mychaeld
goulfe
,
Saynt
Mich●els
goulfe
which
they
say
to
bee
full
of
inhabited
Ilandes
ans
hugious
rockes
.
Enteringe
therefore
into
the
nyne
boates
or
Culchas
wherwith
he
passed
ouer
the
ryuer
before
,
hauinge
also
with
hym
the
same
coompanye
of
fourescore
hole
men
,
he
wente
forwarde
on
his
purpose
,
although
he
were
greatly
dissuaded
by
Chiapes
,
who
ernestly
desyred
hym
not
to
attempt
that
vyage
at
that
tyme
,
The
manly
corage
and
godly
zeale
of
Uaschus
affirming
the
goulfe
to
be
soo
tempestious
and
stormy
three
moonethes
in
the
yeare
,
that
the
sea
was
there
by
noo
meanes
nauigable
:
And
that
he
had
seene
many
Culchas
deuoured
of
whirlepoles
euen
beefore
his
eyes
.
But
inuincible
Vaschus
,
impaciente
of
idlenes
,
and
voyde
of
all
feare
in
goddes
cause
,
aunswered
that
god
and
his
holy
sayntes
woolde
prosper
his
enterpryses
in
this
case
,
forasmuche
as
the
matter
touched
God
and
the
defence
of
the
Christian
religion
,
for
the
maynetenaunce
wherof
it
shulde
bee
necessarie
to
haue
great
abundance
of
ryches
&
treasure
as
the
synewes
of
war
ageynste
the
enemies
of
the
faythe
.
Ryche●
are
the
synewea
of
warre
The
faythfulnes
of
kynge
Chiapes
.
Thus
vsinge
also
th
office
both
of
an
oratoure
and
preacher
,
and
hauinge
persuaded
his
coompanyons
,
he
lanched
from
the
●lande
.
But
Chiapes
,
least
Vaschus
shulde
any
thynge
doubt
of
his
faythfulnes
towarde
hym
,
profered
him selfe
to
goo
with
hym
whither
soo
euer
he
went
:
A
tempest
on
the
sea
.
And
wolde
by
noo
meanes
assent
that
Vaschus
shulde
depart
from
his
palaice
,
but
that
he
woolde
brynge
hym
on
the
waye
and
take
part
of
his
fortune
.
Therfore
as
soone
as
they
were
nowe
entered
into
the
maine
sea
,
such
sourges
and
conflictes
of
water
arose
ageynst
them
that
they
were
at
theyr
wyttes
endes
whither
to
turne
them
or
where
to
reste
.
Thus
beinge
tossed
and
amased
with
feare
,
the
one
loked
on
the
other
with
pale
and
vncherefull
countenaunces
.
But
especially
Chiapes
and
his
coompany
,
who
had
before
tyme
with
theyr
eyes
seetle
th
experience
of
those
●eoderdies
,
were
greatly
discomforted
.
Yet
(
as
god
woolde
)
they
escaped
all
,
and
landed
at
the
nexte
Ilande
:
Where
makynge
faste
theyr
boates
,
they
rested
there
that
nyght
.
Here
the
water
soo
encreased
,
that
it
almost
ouerdowed
the
Iland
.
The
increasing
of
the
South
sea
.
They
say
also
that
that
south
sea
doth
soo
in
maner
boyle
and
swelle
,
that
when
it
is
at
the
hyghest
it
doth
couer
many
greate
rockes
,
which
at
the
faule
therof
,
are
seene
farre
aboue
the
water
.
But
on
the
contrary
parte
,
all
suche
as
inhabite
the
North
sea
,
The
Northe
Ocean
.
affirme
with
one
voyce
,
that
hit
scarsely
riseth
at
any
tyme
a
cubet
aboue
the
bankes
as
they
also
confesse
which
inhabite
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
and
other
Ilandes
situate
in
the
same
.
The
Ilande
therfore
beinge
nowe
drye
by
the
faule
of
the
water
,
they
resorted
to
theyr
boates
which
they
founde
all
ouerwhelmed
and
full
of
sande
,
and
sume
sore
brused
,
with
great
ryftes
,
and
almost
lost
by
reason
theyr
cables
were
broken
.
hard
shyft
in
necessitie
.
Such
as
were
brused
,
they
tyed
fast
with
theyr
gyrdels
,
with
slippes
of
the
barkes
of
trees
,
and
with
tough
and
longe
stalkes
of
certein
herbes
of
the
sea
,
stopping
the
ryftes
or
chynkes
with
grasse
accordynge
to
the
presente
necessitie
.
Thus
were
they
enforced
to
returne
backe
ageyne
lyke
vnto
men
that
came
frome
shippewracke
,
beinge
almost
consumed
with
hunger
,
bycause
theyr
vytayles
were
vtterly
destroyed
by
tempeste
.
Thinhabitantes
declared
that
there
is
harde
all
the
yeare
horrible
rorynge
of
the
sea
amonge
those
Ilandes
as
often
as
it
rysethe
or
fauleth
.
But
this
most
especially
in
those
three
monethes
in
the
which
it
is
moste
boystious
as
Chiapes
towlde
Vaschus
before
:
Meanynge
(
as
they
coulde
coniecture
by
his
woordes
)
October
,
Nouember
,
and
December
:
for
he
signifie
)
the
present
moone
and
the
twoo
moones
folowynge
,
countynge
the
moonethes
by
the
moones
,
whereas
it
was
nowe
October
.
Here
therefore
refresshynge
hym selfe
and
his
souldiers
a
whyle
,
and
passynge
by
one
vnprofitable
kynge
,
he
came
to
an
other
whose
name
was
Tumaccus
,
The
Region
Tumacca
.
after
the
name
of
the
region
,
beinge
situate
on
that
syde
of
the
goulfe
.
This
Tumaccus
came
foorth
ageynste
owre
men
as
dyd
the
other
,
and
with
lyke
fortune
.
For
he
was
ouercoome
,
dryuen
to
flyght
,
kynge
Tumaccus
is
driuen
to
flyght
.
and
many
of
his
men
slayne
.
He
hym selfe
was
also
sore
wounded
,
but
yet
escaped
.
Vaschus
sent
certeyne
messengers
of
the
Chiapeans
to
hym
to
returne
,
and
not
to
bee
afrayde
.
But
he
could
be
nothyng
moued
nether
by
promysses
nor
threateninges
.
Yet
when
the
messengers
were
instant
,
&
ceassed
not
to
threaten
death
to
him
and
his
famely
,
with
the
vtter
desolation
of
his
kyngedome
if
he
persisted
in
that
obstinacie
,
at
the
length
he
sent
his
soonne
with
them
:
whom
Vaschus
honorably
enterteyninge
,
apparelinge
hym
gorgiously
and
gyuing
hym
many
gyftes
,
sent
hym
to
his
father
,
wyllynge
hym
to
persuade
hym
of
the
puissaunce
,
munificence
,
liberalitie
,
humanitie
,
and
clemencie
of
owre
men
.
Tumaccus
beinge
mooued
by
this
gentelnes
declared
toward
his
sonne
,
came
with
him
the
thyrde
day
,
bryngynge
nothynge
with
hym
at
that
tyme
.
But
after
that
he
knewe
that
owre
men
desyred
goulde
and
pearles
,
Golde
and
perles
,
he
sent
for
syxe
hundreth
and
.xiiii.
Pesos
of
golde
,
and
two
hundreth
and
fortie
of
the
biggest
and
fayrest
perles
besyde
a
great
number
of
the
smaulest
sorte
.
Owre
men
marueyled
at
the
byggenes
and
fayrenes
of
these
perles
although
they
were
not
perfectely
whyte
bycause
they
take
theym
not
owte
of
the
sea
musculs
excepte
they
fyrst
rost
them
,
Musculs
of
the
sea
.
that
they
may
theselyer
open
them selfe
,
and
also
that
the
fysshe
maye
haue
the
better
taste
,
whiche
they
esteeme
for
a
delicate
and
princely
dysshe
,
and
set
more
thereby
then
by
the
perles
them selues
.
Of
these
thynges
I
was
enformed
of
one
Arbolantius
beinge
one
of
Vaschus
coompanions
whom
he
sent
to
the
kyng
with
manye
perles
and
certeyne
of
those
sea
musculs
.
But
when
Tum●ccus
sawe
that
owre
men
soo
greatly
regarded
the
bewtie
of
the
perles
,
he
commaunded
certeyne
of
his
men
to
prepare
them selues
to
goo
a
fysshynge
for
perles
.
Fysshyng
for
perles
Who
departinge
,
came
ageyne
within
foure
dayes
,
bringynge
with
them
twelue
pounde
weight
of
orient
perles
after
eight
ounces
to
the
pounde
.
xii
pounde
weyght
of
perles
.
Thus
reioysinge
on
bothe
parties
,
they
embrased
and
made
a
league
of
continual
frendeshippe
.
Tumaccus
thought
him selfe
happie
that
he
had
presented
owre
men
with
such
thankeful
gyftes
and
was
admitted
to
theyr
frendshippe
:
and
owre
men
thinkynge
them selues
happie
and
blessed
that
they
had
founde
suche
tokens
of
great
ryches
,
swalowed
downe
theyr
spettle
for
thyrste
.
The
thyrst
of
golde
.
At
all
these
doinges
,
kynge
Chiapes
was
present
as
a
wytnes
and
coompanion
.
He
also
reioysed
not
a
lyttle
,
aswell
that
by
his
conductinge
he
sawe
that
owre
men
shulde
bee
satisfied
of
theyr
desyre
,
as
also
that
by
this
meanes
he
had
declared
to
the
next
kynge
his
bortherer
and
enemie
,
what
frendes
he
had
of
owre
men
,
by
whose
ayde
he
myght
lyue
in
quyetnes
and
bee
reuenged
of
his
aduersarie
if
neede
shulde
soo
requyre
.
Ambition
amonge
naked
men
.
For
(
as
wee
haue
sayde
)
these
naked
kynges
infeste
theim selues
with
greuous
warres
onely
for
ambition
and
desyre
to
rule
.
Vaschus
bosteth
in
his
epistell
,
that
he
lerned
certeyne
maruelous
secreates
of
Tumaccus
him selfe
as
concernynge
the
greate
ryches
of
this
lande
:
wherof
(
as
he
sayth
)
he
woold
vtter
nothyng
at
this
presente
,
This
Ilande
is
cauled
Margarites
Diues
,
or
Dites
.
for
asmuche
as
Tumaccus
toulde
it
him
in
his
eare
.
But
he
was
enformed
of
bothe
the
kynges
,
that
there
is
an
Ilande
in
that
goulfe
,
greater
then
any
of
the
other
,
hauing
in
it
but
onely
one
kynge
,
and
hym
of
soo
great
poure
,
A
kynge
of
greate
poure
.
that
at
suche
tymes
of
the
yeare
as
the
sea
is
caulme
,
he
inuadethe
theyr
dominions
with
a
greate
nauie
of
Culchas
,
spoyling
and
caryinge
a
way
for
a
praye
,
all
that
he
meeteth
.
This
Iland
is
distant
from
these
coastes
,
onely
twentie
myles
:
Soo
that
the
promontories
or
poyntes
therof
rechyng
into
the
sea
,
may
bee
seene
from
the
hylles
of
this
Continent
.
In
the
sea
nere
about
this
Ilande
,
sea
musculs
are
engendred
of
such
quantitie
,
that
many
of
them
are
as
brode
as
buckelers
,
Biggeperles
.
In
these
are
perles
founde
(
beinge
the
hartes
of
those
shell
fysshes
)
often
tymes
as
bygge
as
beanes
,
sumtymes
bygger
then
olyues
and
such
as
sumptuous
Cleopatra
myght
haue
desyred
.
Cleopatra
,
queene
of
Egypt
resolued
a
pearle
in
vineger
and
drunke
it
,
price
.
v.
thousande
pounde
of
owr
mony
.
thef●rcenes
of
U●schus
.
Althoughe
this
Ilande
bee
soo
nere
to
the
shore
of
this
firme
lande
,
yet
is
the
begynnyng
therof
in
the
mayne
sea
without
the
mouth
of
the
goulfe
.
Vaschus
beinge
ioyfull
and
mery
with
this
rych
communication
,
fantasinge
nowe
in
maner
nothing
but
princes
treasures
,
beganne
to
speake
fierce
and
cruell
woordes
ageynst
the
tyranne
of
that
Ilande
,
meanyng
hereby
too
woonne
the
myndes
of
the
other
kynges
,
and
bynde
them
to
hym
with
a
nearer
bande
of
frendeship
.
Yet
therfore
raylynge
further
on
hym
with
spytefull
and
opprobrious
woordes
,
he
swore
great
othes
that
he
woolde
furthwith
inuade
the
Ilande
,
spoylynge
,
destroyinge
,
burnynge
,
drownynge
,
and
hangynge
,
sparinge
neyther
swoorde
nor
fyre
,
vntyll
he
hadde
reuenged
theyr
iniuries
:
And
therwith
commaunded
his
Culchas
to
bee
in
a
redynes
.
But
the
twoo
kynges
Chiapes
and
Tumaccus
,
exhorted
hym
frendly
to
deferre
this
enterprise
vntyll
a
more
quiete
season
,
bycause
that
sea
was
not
nauigable
withowte
greate
daunger
,
beinge
nowe
the
begynnynge
of
Nouember
.
Wherin
the
kynges
seemed
to
saye
trewe
.
For
as
Vaschus
hym selfe
wryteth
,
great
roryng
of
the
sea
was
harde
amonge
the
Ilandes
of
the
goulfe
by
reason
of
the
raginge
and
conflicte
of
the
water
.
Great
ryuers
also
descending
from
the
toppes
of
the
mountaynes
the
same
time
of
the
yeare
,
Great
ryuer●
faulyng
from
mounta●nes
.
&
ouerflowyng
theyr
bankes
,
dryuyng
downe
with
theyr
vyolence
greate
rockes
and
trees
,
make
a
marueylous
noyse
.
Lykewise
the
furie
of
the
South
and
Northeast
wyndes
,
associate
with
thunder
and
lyghtnynge
at
the
same
season
,
dyd
greatly
moleste
them
.
Thunder
and
lyghtnynge
in
Nouember
.
Whyle
the
wether
was
fayre
they
were
vexed
in
the
night
with
could
:
and
in
the
day
time
,
the
heate
of
the
sonne
troubled
them
:
wherof
it
is
noo
maruaile
,
forasmuche
as
they
were
neare
vnto
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
,
Colde
in
the
nyght
nere
the
Equinoctial
.
although
they
make
noo
mention
of
the
eleuation
of
the
pole
.
For
in
such
regions
,
in
the
nyght
,
the
mone
and
other
coulde
planettes
:
but
in
the
daye
,
the
soone
and
other
hotte
planettes
,
doo
chiefely
exercise
theyr
influence
:
Althowghe
the
antiquitie
were
of
an
other
opinion
,
habitable
regions
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
.
supposinge
th●
Equinoctiall
circle
to
bee
vnhabitable
and
desolate
by
reason
of
the
heate
of
the
soonne
hauinge
his
course
perpendiculerly
or
directly
ouer
the
same
:
except
a
fewe
of
the
contrary
opinion
,
whose
assertions
the
Portugales
haue
at
these
dayes
by
experience
proued
to
bee
trewe
.
The
natiuitations
of
the
Portiugales
towarde
the
southe
pole
.
Antipodes
.
he
meaneth
S.
Augustine
and
Lectautius
.
For
they
saile
yearely
to
th
inhabitantes
of
the
south
pole
,
being
in
maner
Antipodes
to
the
people
cauled
Hyperborei
vnder
the
North
pole
,
and
exercise
marchaundies
with
them
.
And
here
haue
I
named
Antipodes
,
forasmuch
as
I
am
not
ignorant
that
there
hath
byn
men
of
singular
witte
and
great
lernyng
,
which
haue
denyed
that
there
is
Antipodes
:
that
is
,
such
as
walke
feete
to
feete
.
But
it
is
most
certeyne
,
that
it
is
not
gyuen
to
anye
one
man
to
knowe
all
thynges
.
For
euen
they
●lso
were
men
:
whose
propertie
is
to
erre
and
bee
deceaued
in
many
thynges
.
Neuerthelesse
,
the
Portugales
of
owre
tyme
,
haue
sayled
to
the
fyue
and
fyftie
degree
of
the
south
pole
:
The
starres
●b●i●●e
the
southe
pole
.
Where
,
coompasinge
abowte
the
poynt
thereof
,
they
myght
see
throughowte
al
the
heauen
about
the
same
,
certeyne
shynynge
whyte
cloudes
here
&
there
amonge
the
starres
,
lyke
vnto
theym
whiche
are
seene
in
the
tracte
of
heauen
cauled
Lactea
via
,
Lactea
via
.
that
is
,
the
mylke
whyte
waye
.
They
say
,
there
is
noo
notable
starre
neare
about
that
pole
lyke
vnto
this
of
owres
which
the
common
people
thynke
to
bee
the
pole
it selfe
(
cauled
of
the
Italians
Tramontana
,
and
of
the
Spanyardes
Nortes
)
but
that
the
same
fauleth
benethe
the
Ocean
.
A
simyli●ude
declarynge
Antipodes
.
When
the
sonne
descendeth
from
the
myddeste
of
the
exiltree
of
the
woorlde
frome
vs
,
it
rysethe
to
them
,
as
a
payre
of
balances
whose
weyght
inclynynge
from
the
equall
poyse
in
the
myddest
towarde
eyther
of
the
sydes
,
causeth
the
one
ende
to
ryse
as
much
as
the
other
fauleth
.
When
therefore
it
is
autumne
with
vs
,
it
is
sprynge
tyme
with
them
:
And
summer
with
vs
when
it
is
wynter
with
them
.
But
it
su●fiseth
to
haue
sayde
thus
much
of
strange
matters
.
Let
vs
now
therfore
returne
to
the
historie
and
to
owre
men
.
¶
The
seconde
booke
of
the
thyrde
Decade
.
VAschus
by
th
aduice
of
kynge
Chiapes
and
Tumacus
,
determyned
to
deferre
his
vyage
to
the
sayde
Ilande
vntyll
the
nexte
sprynge
or
summer
,
at
which
tyme
Chiapes
offered
hym selfe
to
accoompany
owre
men
and
ayde
them
therin
all
that
he
myght
.
In
this
meane
tyme
Vaschus
had
knowleage
that
these
kynges
had
nettes
and
fysshynge
places
in
certeyne
stations
of
that
sea
nere
vnto
the
shore
,
where
they
were
accustomed
to
fyshe
for
sea
musculs
in
the
which
perles
are
engendred
:
The
maner
of
fysshynge
for
perles
.
And
that
for
this
purpose
they
had
certeyne
dyuers
or
fysshers
exercised
frome
theyr
youthe
in
swymmynge
vnder
the
water
.
But
they
doo
this
onely
at
certeyne
tymes
when
the
sea
is
calme
,
T●●e
kindes
o●
per●es
.
that
they
may
theselyer
coome
to
the
place
where
these
shell
fyshes
are
woonte
to
lye
.
For
the
bygger
that
they
are
,
soo
much
ly
they
the
deaper
and
nerer
to
the
bottome
But
the
lesser
,
as
it
were
dowghters
to
the
other
,
are
nerer
the
bryme
of
the
w●ter
.
Lykewyse
the
leaste
of
all
,
as
it
were
their
nieses
,
are
yet
nearer
to
the
superficiall
parte
therof
.
Too
them
of
the
byggeste
sorte
whiche
lye
loweste
,
the
fysshers
descende
the
depthe
of
three
mens
heyght
,
and
sumtyme
foure
.
But
to
the
doughters
or
nieses
as
their
succession
,
they
descend
onelye
to
the
mydde
thygh
.
Sumtymes
also
,
after
that
the
sea
hathe
byn
disquyeted
with
vehemente
tempestes
,
they
fynde
a
greate
multytude
of
these
fysshes
on
the
sandes
,
beyng
dryuen
to
the
shore
by
the
vyolence
of
the
water
.
The
perles
of
these
whiche
are
founde
on
the
sande
,
are
but
lytle
.
The
fisshe
it selfe
,
is
more
pleasaunte
in
eatynge
then
are
owre
oysters
as
owre
men
report
.
But
perhappes
hunger
the
sweete
cause
of
all
meates
,
caused
owre
men
soo
too
thynke
.
Whether
perles
bee
the
hartes
of
sea
musculs
(
as
Aristotell
supposed
)
or
the
byrthe
or
spaune
of
there
intrals
(
as
Plinye
thought
)
Or
whether
they
cleaue
contynually
to
the
rockes
,
Dyuers
questi●s
as
concernynge
perles
or
wander
by
coompanies
in
the
sea
by
the
guydinge
of
thelde●e
:
Whether
euerye
fysshe
brynge
foorthe
one
perle
or
more
,
at
one
byrthe
or
at
dyuers
:
Also
whether
theye
bee
fyled
frome
the
rockes
wherunto
theye
cleaue
,
or
maye
bee
easylye
pulled
awaye
,
or
otherwyse
faule
of
by
them selues
when
theye
are
coomme
to
there
full
grouth
:
Lykewyse
whether
perles
bee
harde
within
the
shelle
or
softe
,
owre
men
haue
as
yet
noo
certayne
experyence
.
But
I
truste
or
it
bee
longe
,
too
knowe
the
truth
hereof
.
For
owre
men
are
euen
nowe
in
hande
with
the
matter
.
Also
,
as
soone
as
I
shall
bee
aduertysed
of
the
arryuall
of
Petrus
Arias
the
capytayne
of
owre
men
,
Petrus
arias
I
wyll
desyre
hym
by
my
letters
to
make
diligent
searche
for
these
thynges
,
and
certifye
me
therof
in
all
poyntes
.
I
knowe
that
he
wyll
not
bee
slacke
or
omytte
any
thynge
herein
.
For
he
is
my
verye
frende
:
and
one
that
taketh
greate
pleasure
in
consyderynge
the
woorkes
of
nature
.
And
surelye
it
seeme●h
vnto
me
vndecente
,
that
wee
shoulde
with
sylence
ouerslyppe
so
greate
a
thynge
whiche
aswell
in
the
owlde
tyme
as
in
owre
dayes
,
hathe
,
&
yet
doothe
,
drawe
bothe
men
and
women
to
emmoderate
desyre
of
superfluous
pleasure
.
wanton
and
superfluous
pleasures
.
Spayne
therefore
shal
be
able
hereafter
with
perles
to
satisfie
the
gredye
appetite
of
suche
as
in
wanton
pleasures
are
lyke
vnto
Cleopatra
&
Asopus
So
that
frome
hensforth
we
shal
neyther
enuye
nor
reuerence
the
nyse
frutefulnes
of
Stoidum
,
Cleopatra
.
A●opus
.
Stoidum
.
or
Taprobana
,
Taprobana
,
or
the
re●de
sea
.
But
lette
vs
nowe
returne
to
owre
purpose
.
Vaschus
therfore
determined
with
the
fysshers
of
Chiapes
to
proue
what
myght
bee
doone
in
his
fyshe
pooles
or
stations
of
sea
muscules
.
Chiapes
to
shewe
hym selfe
obediente
to
Vaschus
his
requeste
,
although
the
sea
were
boystyous
,
coommaunded
thirtye
of
his
fysshers
to
prepare
them selfes
and
to
resorte
to
the
fysshinge
places
.
Vaschus
sente
onelye
syxe
of
his
men
with
them
to
beeholde
them
frome
the
sea
bankes
,
but
not
to
coommitte
them selues
to
the
daunger
of
the
sea
.
The
fysshynge
place
was
distante
frome
the
palayce
of
Chiapes
aboute
tenne
myles
.
The
fysshing
place
of
king
Chiapes
.
They
durste
not
aduenture
to
dyue
to
the
bottome
by
reason
of
the
furye
of
the
sea
.
Yet
of
the
muscules
whiche
lye
hyghest
,
and
of
suche
as
were
dryuen
to
the
shore
by
the
vyolence
of
the
water
,
theye
broughte
syxe
greate
farthels
in
the
space
of
a
fewe
dayes
.
The
perles
of
these
were
but
lyttle
,
aboute
the
bygnes
of
smaule
fytches
:
yet
verye
fayre
and
bewtyfull
,
by
reason
theye
were
taken
newely
owte
of
the
fysshe
,
beinge
yet
rawe
.
And
that
they
shulde
not
bee
reproued
of
lyinge
as
concerninge
the
bignes
of
these
sea
musculs
,
they
sente
many
of
them
into
Spayne
to
the
kynge
with
the
perles
,
the
fysshe
beynge
taken
owte
.
Wee
thinke
verily
that
there
maye
in
noo
place
bygger
bee
founde
.
These
shelle
fysshes
therfore
beynge
thus
founde
here
in
soo
manye
places
in
that
sea
,
and
gold
in
maner
in
euerye
house
,
Golde
in
maner
in
euery
house
.
doo
argue
the
ryche
treasurye
of
nature
too
bee
hyd
in
those
coastes
,
forasmuche
as
suche
greate
ryches
haue
byn
founde
as
it
were
in
the
lytle
fynger
of
a
giantes
hande
.
The
ryche
treasurye
of
nature
.
What
then
maye
wee
thynke
of
the
hole
hande
of
the
gyante
(
for
hetherto
theye
haue
onely
bynne
in
hande
with
the
confynes
of
Vraba
)
when
theye
shall
haue
thorowly
searched
all
the
coastes
and
secreates
of
the
inner
partes
of
all
that
large
lande
.
But
Vaschus
contented
with
these
sygnes
&
ioyfull
of
his
good
successe
in
these
enterprises
,
determined
by
an
other
waye
to
returne
to
his
felowes
in
Dariena
,
where
also
,
they
haue
golde
mynes
aboute
tenne
myles
from
the
village
.
The
golde
mynes
of
Dariena
.
He
gaue
therfore
kyng
Chiapes
leaue
to
depart
,
and
to
folowe
hym
noo
further
:
Consailyng
hym
to
continue
faythfull
to
the
christian
kynge
his
lorde
&
maister
.
Thus
embrasinge
the
one
the
other
,
&
ioyninge
handes
,
Chiapes
departed
,
with
teares
declaring
the
good
mynde
which
he
bore
to
owre
men
.
Vaschus
leauing
his
sicke
men
with
Chiapes
,
Went
forward
on
his
iourney
with
the
resydue
,
hauinge
also
with
him
for
guydes
three
of
Chiapes
maryners
.
He
conueyghed
his
armye
ouer
a
greate
ryuer
into
the
dominion
of
a
certeine
kynge
cauled
Teaocha
:
Kynge
Teaocha
enterteyneth
vaschus
frende●ye
.
who
beinge
aduertised
of
the
coommyng
of
owre
men
,
of
whose
famous
actes
he
had
harde
muche
before
,
was
verye
gladde
therof
and
enterteyned
them
honorably
:
So
that
for
a
token
of
his
frendely
affection
towarde
them
,
he
gaue
Vaschus
twentie
poundes
weyght
of
wrought
golde
after
eyght
ounces
to
the
pounde
:
Twentye
pounde
weight
of
wroughte
golde
.
Also
twoo
hundreth
bigge
perles
:
but
not
fayre
,
by
reason
they
were
taken
owt
of
the
musculs
after
they
had
byn
sodden
.
After
they
had
ioyned
handes
,
Vaschus
recompensed
hym
with
certeyne
of
owre
thynges
.
Lykewise
rewardynge
his
guydes
the
seruantes
of
Chiapes
,
he
dismissed
them
with
commendations
to
theyr
lord
.
Kyng
Teaocha
at
the
departure
of
owr
men
from
his
palaice
,
dyd
not
onely
appoint
them
guydes
to
conduct
them
in
the
way
,
but
also
gaue
them
certeyne
slaues
in
the
steede
of
beastes
to
cary
theyr
vytayles
,
bycause
they
shulde
passe
throwgh
many
desertes
,
Desertes
full
of
wylde
beastes
.
baren
and
rowgh
mountaynes
and
terrible
wooddes
full
of
tygers
and
Lions
.
He
sent
also
one
of
his
sonnes
with
these
slaues
,
ladynge
them
with
salted
and
dryed
fysh●
,
Dryed
fysshe
and
breade
of
those
regions
,
made
of
the
rootes
of
Maizium
and
Iucca
.
He
also
commaunded
his
sonne
not
to
depart
from
owr
men
vntyl
he
were
licenced
by
Vaschus
.
By
theyr
conductinge
therfore
,
Vaschus
came
to
the
dominion
of
an
other
kyng
whose
name
was
Pacra
,
a
cruell
tyranne
,
Kynge
Pacr●
a
tyranne
.
fearefull
to
the
other
kynges
his
bortherers
,
and
of
greater
poure
then
any
of
them
.
This
tyran
,
whether
it
were
that
his
giltie
conscience
for
his
mischeuous
actes
,
put
him
in
feare
that
owre
menne
woolde
reuenge
the
same
,
or
that
he
thought
hym selfe
inferior
to
resist
them
,
fled
at
theyr
commynge
.
Vaschus
wryteth
that
in
these
regions
in
the
mooneth
of
Nouember
he
was
sore
afflicted
with
greate
heate
and
intollerable
thirst
,
Greate
heate
in
the
monethe
of
Nouember
.
by
reason
that
syde
of
the
mountaynes
hath
lyttle
water
:
In
soo
muche
that
they
were
in
daunger
to
haue
perisshed
but
that
certeyne
of
th
inhabitants
shewed
them
of
a
sprynge
which
was
in
the
secreate
place
of
a
woodde
,
whither
Vaschus
with
all
speade
sent
twoo
quycke
and
stronge
younge
men
of
his
coompanions
with
theyr
gourdes
and
suche
water
vesselles
as
Teaocha
his
men
browghte
with
them
.
Of
th
inhabitantes
,
there
durst
none
depart
from
there
coompany
bycause
the
wylde
beastes
doo
soone
inuade
naked
men
.
For
in
those
mountaynes
,
and
especially
in
the
wooddes
neare
vnto
the
springe
,
they
saye
that
they
are
sumtymes
taken
owte
of
there
houses
in
the
nyght
,
excepte
they
take
good
heede
that
the
doores
bee
well
sparde
.
It
shall
not
bee
frome
my
purpose
hereto
declare
a
particular
chaunce
before
I
enter
any
further
in
this
matter
.
hurte
by
wylde
beastes
.
Theye
saye
therfore
that
the
laste
yeare
the
regyon
of
Dariena
was
noolesse
infested
and
trowbeled
with
a
fierse
tyger
,
A
tyger
.
then
was
Calidonia
in
tyme
paste
with
a
wylde
bore
,
Calydonia
is
a
foreste
in
Scotlande
.
and
Nemea
with
a
horrible
lyon
.
Nemea
is
a
wodde
in
Greece
.
For
they
affyrme
that
for
the
space
of
syxe
hole
moonethes
there
passed
not
one
nyghte
withowte
summe
hurte
doone
:
soo
that
it
kylled
nyghtlye
eyther
a
bullocke
,
a
mare
,
a
dogge
,
or
a
hogge
,
sumtimes
euen
in
the
highe
wayes
of
the
village
.
For
owre
men
haue
nowe
greatheardes
of
cattayle
in
those
regions
.
They
say
also
that
when
this
tyger
had
whelpes
,
Tigers
whelpes
.
noo
man
myght
safelye
goo
furthe
of
his
doores
,
bycause
shee
spared
not
men
if
shee
mette
fyrste
with
them
.
But
at
the
lengeth
,
necessitye
enforced
them
to
inuente
a
policye
howe
they
myght
bee
reuenged
of
suche
bludshed
.
Searchynge
therfore
dilygently
her
footesteppes
,
Thus
the
Egiptians
take
Crocodiles
.
and
folowynge
the
pathe
wherbye
shee
was
accustomed
in
the
nyght
season
to
wander
owte
of
her
denne
to
seeke
her
praye
,
theye
made
a
greate
trenshe
or
pytte
in
her
walke
,
coueringe
the
same
with
hurdels
whervppon
theye
caste
parte
of
the
earthe
and
dispersed
the
resydue
.
The
dogge
tyger
chaunsed
fyrste
into
this
pitfaul
,
The
dogge
tyger
taken
.
The
rorynge
of
the
tyger
.
and
fel
vppon
the
poyntes
of
sharpe
stakes
and
suche
other
ingens
as
were
of
purpose
fyxed
in
the
bottome
of
the
trenshe
.
Beynge
thus
wounded
,
he
rored
soo
terrybly
,
that
it
grated
the
bowels
of
suche
as
harde
hym
,
and
the
wooddes
and
montaynes
neare
aboute
,
rebounded
the
noyse
of
the
horryble
crye
.
When
they
perceaued
that
he
was
layde
faste
,
they
resorted
to
the
trenshe
and
slewe
hym
with
stones
,
dartes
,
and
pykes
.
With
his
teethe
and
clawes
,
he
broke
the
dartes
into
a
thousande
chyppes
,
Beynge
yet
deade
,
he
was
fearefull
to
all
suche
as
behelde
hym
:
what
then
thinke
you
he
woolde
haue
doone
beynge
alyue
and
loose
.
One
Iohannes
Ledisma
of
Ciuile
,
a
nere
frynde
to
Vaschus
and
one
of
the
coompanyons
of
his
trauayles
,
toulde
me
that
he
hym selfe
dyd
eate
of
the
fleshe
of
that
tiger
:
Tigers
flesh
eaten
.
and
that
it
was
nothinge
inferyor
to
biefe
in
goodnes
.
Beynge
demaunded
howe
they
knewe
hit
to
bee
a
tyger
forasmuche
as
none
of
them
had
euer
seene
a
tyger
,
they
answered
that
they
knewe
hit
by
the
spottes
,
fiercenes
,
agilitye
,
and
suche
other
markes
and
token
wherby
the
anciente
writers
haue
described
the
tiger
.
For
sum
of
them
,
had
before
tyme
seene
other
spotted
wilde
beastes
,
as
lybardes
&
panthers
.
The
dogge
tiger
beynge
thus
kylled
,
theye
folowynge
the
trase
of
his
steppes
towarde
the
mountaines
,
came
to
the
denne
where
the
bytche
remayned
with
her
twoo
younge
suckynge
whelpes
.
The
bitche
tyger
.
But
shee
was
not
in
the
denne
at
there
coommynge
.
Theye
fyrste
caryed
awaye
the
whelpes
with
them
.
But
afterwarde
fearynge
leaste
they
shulde
dye
bycause
theye
were
very
younge
,
Tigers
whelpes
.
entendynge
when
they
were
bygger
to
sende
them
into
Spayne
,
they
put
cheynes
of
yren
aboute
there
neckes
,
and
caryed
them
agayne
to
there
denne
:
whither
returnynge
within
a
fewe
dayes
after
,
theye
founde
the
denne
emptye
and
the
cheynes
not
remoued
frome
there
place
.
A
straunge
thynge
.
Theye
suppose
that
the
damme
in
her
furye
fore
them
in
pyeces
and
caryed
them
awaye
,
leste
anye
shulde
haue
the
fruition
of
them
.
For
theye
playnely
affirme
that
it
was
not
possible
that
they
shulde
bee
loosed
frome
the
chaynes
alyue
.
The
skynne
of
the
deade
tyger
stuffed
with
drye
herbes
and
strawe
,
theye
sente
to
Hispaniola
to
the
admyrall
and
other
of
the
chiefe
rulers
frome
whome
the
newe
landes
receyue
there
lawes
and
succoure
.
It
shall
at
this
tyme
suffyce
to
haue
written
thus
much
of
the
tygers
,
as
I
haue
lerned
by
the
reporte
of
them
whiche
bothe
susteyned
domage
by
there
rauenynge
,
and
also
handeled
the
skynne
of
that
whiche
was
slayne
.
Let
vs
,
nowe
therfore
returne
to
kynge
Pacra
frome
whome
wee
haue
disgressed
.
kynge
Pacr●
.
When
Vaschus
had
entred
into
the
houses
forsaken
of
Pacra
,
he
sente
messengiers
to
reconcyle
hym
as
he
had
doone
the
other
kinges
.
At
the
first
he
refused
to
coomme
.
But
after
threatenynges
,
he
came
with
three
other
kynges
in
his
coompanye
.
Vaschus
writethe
that
he
neuer
sawe
a
more
monstrous
and
deformed
creature
:
And
that
nature
hath
onely
gyuen
hym
humane
shape
,
and
otherwyse
to
bee
wor●e
them
a
brute
beaste
,
with
maners
accordynge
to
the
linyamentes
of
his
bodye
.
He
abused
with
moste
abhominable
lechery
the
doughters
of
foure
kynges
his
brotherers
frome
whome
hee
had
taken
them
by
vyolence
.
Of
the
fylthye
behauoure
of
Pa●ra
,
Naturall
hatred
of
vyce
.
of
his
crueltye
and
iniuryes
doone
by
hym
,
many
of
the
other
kynges
made
greuous
coomplayntes
to
Vaschus
as
vnto
a
hygh
Iudge
and
iuste
reuenger
:
Moste
humblye
besechyng
hym
to
see
suche
thynges
punysshed
,
forasmuche
as
theye
tooke
hym
for
a
man
sente
of
god
for
that
purpose
.
Herevppon
Vaschus
aswell
to
wynne
their
good
wylles
,
as
also
too
shewe
an
exemple
of
terroure
to
suche
as
vsed
lyke
fasshions
,
Foure
kinges
deuo●red
of
dogges
.
coommaunded
that
this
monstrous
beaste
with
the
other
three
kynges
whiche
were
subiecte
to
hym
and
of
lyke
conditions
,
shulde
bee
geuen
for
a
praye
to
his
feyghtinge
dogges
,
and
their
torne
carkeses
to
bee
burned
.
Of
these
dogges
whiche
theye
vse
in
the
warres
,
The
vse
of
dogges
in
warre
ageinst
naked
men
.
theye
tell
maruelous
thynges
.
For
theye
saye
that
theye
runne
vppon
th
inhabitantes
armed
after
there
maner
,
with
noo
lesse
fiercenes
then
if
theye
were
hartes
or
wylde
bores
,
if
the
Spaniardes
doo
but
onely
poynte
towarde
them
with
their
fyngers
:
In
soo
muche
that
oftentymes
they
haue
had
no
neede
too
dryue
their
enemyes
too
flyght
with
swoordes
or
arrowes
:
But
haue
doone
the
same
onely
with
dogges
placed
in
the
forefronte
of
their
battayle
,
and
lettynge
them
slyppe
with
their
watche
woorde
and
priuye
token
.
Wheruppon
the
barbaryans
stryken
with
feare
by
reason
of
the
cruell
countenaunces
of
the
masties
,
with
their
desperate
bouldenes
and
vnaccustomed
houlynge
and
backynge
,
haue
disparcled
at
the
fyrste
onsette
and
broke
their
arraye
.
Yet
it
chaunseth
otherwyse
when
theye
haue
anye
conflicte
agaynst
the
Canibales
and
the
people
of
Caramairi
.
For
these
are
fyerser
,
and
more
warrelyke
men
:
Also
so
experte
arches
,
The
Canybales
are
experte
archers
.
that
theye
can
moste
certenlye
dyrect
their
venemous
arrowes
against
the
dogges
with
suche
celeritye
as
if
theye
were
thunderboltes
:
By
reason
wherof
,
they
sumtymes
kyl
many
of
them
.
Thinhabytantes
of
these
montaynes
,
doo
not
keepe
warre
with
bowes
and
arrowes
:
But
vse
onelye
M●chanis
,
that
is
certayne
longe
and
broude
swordes
made
of
woodde
:
Swoordes
of
woodde
.
Also
slynges
,
longe
pykes
and
dartes
hardened
at
the
endes
with
fyere
.
Whyle
kynge
Pacra
yet
lyued
,
noo
man
coulde
knowe
of
hym
neyther
by
fayre
meanes
nor
by
foule
,
where
he
had
the
golde
whiche
was
founde
in
his
house
.
For
owre
men
founde
in
his
iewel
house
fyftye
poundes
weyght
of
golde
.
F●●tie
pounde
w●●ght
of
golde
.
Beynge
therfore
demaunded
where
he
had
it
,
he
answered
that
they
whiche
gathered
the
same
in
those
montaynes
in
his
fathers
dayes
,
were
all
deade
:
And
that
sense
he
was
a
chylde
,
he
neuer
esteemed
golde
more
then
stoones
.
More
then
this
,
theye
coulde
not
gette
of
hym
.
By
this
seuere
punyshment
executed
vppon
Pacra
,
Vaschus
concyled
vnto
hym
the
myndes
of
all
the
other
kynges
of
that
prouynce
.
And
by
this
meanes
it
came
too
passe
,
that
when
he
sente
for
the
sycke
men
whiche
he
lefte
behynde
hym
with
kynge
Chiapes
,
an
other
kynge
whiche
was
in
the
mydde
waye
(
whose
name
was
Bononiama
)
enterteyned
them
gentellye
,
kynge
Bononiama
,
fr●nde
to
the
christians
.
and
gaue
them
.xx.
pounde
weyght
of
pure
wrought
golde
,
wroughte
golde
.
besyde
great
plentye
of
vyttayles
.
And
not
this
onely
,
but
also
accoompanyed
them
hym selfe
vntyll
he
had
brought
them
safely
frome
his
palaice
into
th●
domynyon
of
Pacra
:
Where
takynge
eche
of
them
by
the
ryghte
handes
,
he
delyuered
them
to
Vaschus
hym selfe
,
as
a
faythefull
pledge
commytted
too
his
charge
,
and
therewith
spake
to
Vaschus
in
this
effecte
.
Mooste
myghtye
and
valyaunte
vyctourer
,
beholde
I
here
delyuer
vnto
yowe
,
yowre
coompanions
in
suche
plight
as
I
receaued
them
:
The
oration
of
kynge
Bonon●ama
wisshynge
that
I
had
byn
aswell
able
to
gyue
them
healthe
,
as
they
were
hertely
welcoome
to
suche
pore
enterteynement
as
I
was
able
to
shewe
them
.
For
the
fauoure
and
gentelnesse
whiche
I
haue
founde
bothe
in
yowe
and
them
,
he
shall
rewarde
yowe
whiche
sendeth
thunderynge
and
lyghtelyng
to
the
destruction
of
myscheuous
men
,
The
sparke
of
the
lawe
of
nature
,
is
the
lawe
written
in
the
hartes
of
men
.
and
of
his
clemencye
giueth
vnto
good
men
plentie
of
Iucca
and
M●●izium
in
dewe
season
.
As
he
spake
these
woordes
,
he
lyfted
vppe
his
handes
and
eyes
towarde
the
soonne
whome
they
honoure
for
god
.
Then
he
spake
further
to
Vaschus
,
sayinge
:
In
that
yowe
haue
destroyed
and
slaine
owre
vyolent
and
proude
enemies
,
yowe
haue
browght
peace
and
quyetnesse
to
vs
and
owre
famelyes
,
and
bounde
vs
for
euer
to
loue
and
obeye
yowe
.
Yowe
haue
soo
ouercoome
and
tamed
wylde
monsters
,
that
wee
thynke
yowe
to
bee
sente
from
heauen
for
the
punyshement
of
euell
men
and
defence
of
innocentes
,
that
vnder
the
protection
of
yowre
myghtye
swoorde
,
wee
maye
hereafter
leade
owre
lyues
withowte
feare
,
and
with
more
quietne●se
gyue
thankes
to
the
giuer
of
all
good
thinges
for
h●s
mercie
shewed
vnto
vs
in
this
behalfe
.
When
th
interpretoure
had
toulde
Vaschus
that
kyng
Bononiama
had
sayde
the●e
woordes
,
and
suche
lyke
,
Vaschus
rendered
hym
lyke
thankes
for
his
humanitye
declared
towarde
owre
men
,
and
rewarded
hym
as
he
had
doone
other
in
whome
he
founde
lyke
gentilnesse
.
Vaschus
wryteth
that
he
lerned
manye
thynges
of
this
kynge
as
concernynge
the
greate
rychesse
of
these
regions
:
●ut
that
he
woolde
at
this
present
speake
nothynge
therof
:
And
rehersethe
the
same
as
thynges
lyke
to
haue
good
successe
.
What
this
implicate
Hiperbole
,
Hiperbole
.
or
aduauncement
meaneth
,
I
doo
not
well
vnderstande
.
But
he
playnely
seemeth
hereby
to
promysse
many
greate
thynges
.
And
surely
it
is
to
be
thought
that
accordynge
to
his
hope
,
great
riches
maye
bee
looked
for
.
For
they
came
in
maner
into
none
of
th
inhabytauntes
houses
,
Great
plenty
of
golde
.
but
that
they
found
in
them
,
eyther
bresteplates
or
curettes
of
golde
,
or
elles
golden
ouches
,
iewels
,
or
garlandes
to
weare
aboute
there
heades
,
neckes
,
or
armes
.
I
coniecture
therfore
thus
by
a
symilitude
of
owre
houses
:
A
symilitude
for
the
profe
of
plentye
of
golde
.
If
amonge
vs
any
man
of
great
poure
were
moued
with
the
desyre
to
haue
great
plentye
of
Iron
,
and
woolde
enter
into
Italye
with
a
mayne
force
as
dyd
the
Gothes
in
tyme
paste
,
what
abundaunce
of
Iron
shoulde
he
haue
in
their
houses
:
where
as
he
shulde
fynde
in
one
place
a
friyngpan
,
in
an
other
a
chauldron
,
here
a
tryuet
,
and
there
a
spytte
,
and
these
in
maner
in
euery
pore
mannes
house
,
with
suche
other
innumerable
:
Whereby
any
man
maye
coniecture
that
Iren
is
plentifully
engendred
in
suche
regions
where
they
haue
soo
greate
vse
therof
.
Owre
men
also
perceaued
that
th
inhabytantes
of
these
regions
do
no
more
esteeme
golde
then
we
do
Iren
:
Iren
more
estemed
then
golde
.
nor
yet
soo
muche
after
they
sawe
to
what
vse
Iren
serued
vs
.
Thus
muche
haue
I
thoughte
good
to
write
too
yowre
holynesse
of
suche
thynges
as
I
haue
gathered
owt●
of
the
letters
of
Vaschus
Nunnez
,
and
learned
by
woorde
of
mouthe
of
such
as
were
his
companyons
in
these
affayres
.
As
wee
receyue
them
,
so
wee
gyue
them
vnto
yowe
.
Tyme
which
reueleth
all
secretes
,
shall
hereafter
mynyster
larger
argument
of
wrytynge
.
Theye
coulde
at
this
tyme
doo
no
greate
thynge
in
searchynge
the
golde
mynes
,
forasmuche
as
of
a
hundreth
fourescore
and
tenne
men
whiche
Vaschus
broughte
with
hym
from
Dariena
,
there
remayned
onely
threescore
and
ten
,
or
at
the
most
fourescore
,
whose
ayde
he
nowe
vsed
in
these
daungerous
aduentures
,
leauynge
euer
the
crased
men
behynd
hym
in
the
kinges
houses
all
the
waye
that
he
went
But
they
mooste
especially
fell
into
sundrye
diseases
,
Chaunge
of
dyet
is
daungerous
.
whiche
came
lately
from
Hispaniola
.
For
they
were
not
able
to
abyde
suche
calamities
as
to
lyue
onely
contented
with
the
breade
of
those
regions
,
and
wylde
herbes
without
salte
,
drinkinge
none
other
then
ryuer
water
,
and
that
oftentimes
eyther
lackinge
or
vnholsome
,
where
as
before
their
stomakes
had
byn
vsed
to
good
meates
.
But
the
owlde
souldiours
of
Dariena
,
Owld●
souldiers
.
were
hardened
to
abyde
all
sorowes
,
and
exceadynge
tollerable
of
labour
,
heate
,
hunger
,
and
watchynge
:
In
so
muche
that
merilye
they
make
their
booste
that
they
haue
obserued
a
longer
and
sharper
lent
then
euer
yowre
holinesse
inioyned
.
A
longe
len●
.
For
they
saye
that
for
the
space
of
foure
hole
yeares
,
they
eate
none
other
then
herbes
and
frutes
,
excepte
nowe
and
then
perhappes
fyshe
,
and
verye
seldoome
fleshe
:
Yea
,
and
that
sumtime
for
lacke
of
al
these
,
they
haue
not
abhorr●d
from
mangye
dogges
and
fylt
hye
toades
as
wee
haue
sayde
before
.
The
owlde
souldiers
of
Dariena
,
I
caule
those
whiche
fyrste
folowed
the
capytaynes
Nicuesa
and
Fogeda
to
inhabyte
the
lande
,
of
the
whiche
nowe
fewe
were
lyuynge
.
But
lette
vs
nowe
omytte
these
thynges
,
and
retourne
to
Vaschus
the
victourer
of
the
montaynes
.
¶
The
thyrde
booke
of
the
thyrde
Decade
.
WHen
Vaschus
had
remained
thirtye
dayes
in
the
palayce
of
kynge
Pacra
,
concilynge
vnto
hym
the
myddes
of
th
inhabitantes
and
prouidinge
thynges
necessarye
for
his
coompanions
,
he
departed
frome
thense
by
the
conducte
of
certayne
of
kynge
Teaocha
his
men
,
and
came
too
the
banke
of
the
ryuer
Comogrus
,
Comogrus
.
wherof
the
region
and
king
therof
,
are
named
by
the
same
name
.
He
founde
the
sydes
of
these
montaynes
so
rude
and
baren
,
that
there
was
nothinge
apte
to
bee
eaten
,
but
wilde
rootes
and
certayne
vnpleasante
frutes
of
trees
.
Two
kynges
beinge
neare
of
bludde
,
inhabyted
this
infortunate
region
,
Two
poore
kynges
.
whiche
Vaschus
ouerpassed
with
all
speede
for
feare
of
hunger
.
One
of
these
poore
kinges
was
named
Cotochus
,
and
the
other
Ciuriza
.
He
tooke
them
bothe
with
hym
to
guyde
hym
in
the
waye
,
and
dismyssed
Teaocha
his
men
with
vytayles
and
rewardes
.
Thus
for
the
space
of
three
dayes
,
he
wandered
throughe
many
deserte
wooddes
,
Desertes
.
craggye
mountaynes
,
&
muddy
marysshes
full
of
suche
quamyres
that
men
are
oftentymes
swalowed
vp
in
them
if
they
looke
not
the
more
warelye
to
their
fiete
.
Also
through
places
not
frequented
with
resorte
of
men
,
and
suche
as
nature
had
not
yet
opened
to
their
vse
,
forasmuche
as
th
inhabitantes
haue
seldoome
entercourse
betwene
them
,
but
onely
by
sundrye
incurtions
,
the
one
to
spoyle
and
destroye
the
other
:
Beynge
otherwise
contented
to
lyue
onely
after
the
lawe
of
nature
,
withowte
worldly
toyle
for
superfluous
pleasures
.
Thus
enteringe
at
the
lengthe
into
the
territorye
of
anothe●
kynge
whose
name
was
Bechebuea
,
kynge
Bechebuea
submytteth
him selfe
they
founde
all
thynges
voyde
and
in
silence
:
For
the
kynge
and
his
subiectes
,
were
all
fledde
to
the
wooddes
.
When
Vaschus
sente
messengers
to
fetche
hym
,
he
dyd
not
onely
at
the
fyrste
submytte
hym selfe
,
but
also
promysse
his
ayde
with
all
that
he
myghte
make
:
Protestynge
furthermore
,
th●t
he
fledde
not
for
feare
that
owre
men
woolde
doo
hym
any
iniurie
,
but
that
he
hyd
hym selfe
for
verye
shame
and
griefe
of
mynde
,
for
that
he
was
not
able
to
receyue
them
honorablye
accordynge
vnto
their
dignitye
,
bycause
his
store
of
vitayles
was
consumed
.
Yet
in
a
token
of
obedience
and
frendeshyppe
,
he
sente
owre
men
many
vesselles
of
golde
,
Uessels
of
golde
.
desyring
them
to
accepte
them
as
the
gifte
of
a
frind
whose
good
will
wanted
not
in
greater
thynges
if
his
abilytye
were
greater
.
By
whiche
woordes
the
poore
man
seemed
to
insinuate
that
he
had
byn
robbed
and
otherwise
cruelly
handled
of
his
bortherers
.
By
reason
wherof
,
owre
men
were
enforced
to
departe
from
thense
more
hungerly
then
theye
came
.
As
theye
wente
forwarde
therfore
,
they
espyed
certeine
naked
men
coomminge
downe
from
a
hylle
towarde
them
.
Vaschus
coommaunded
his
armye
to
staye
,
and
sente
his
interpretours
to
them
to
knowe
what
they
wold
haue
.
Then
one
of
them
to
whom
the
other
seemed
to
gyue
reuerence
,
spake
in
this
effect
.
Owre
lorde
&
kinge
Chiorisus
,
kynge
Chiorisus
●endeth
Ua●chus
xxx
.
dysshes
of
pure
golde
.
greeteth
yowe
well
:
Wyllynge
vs
to
declare
that
he
hath
harde
of
yowre
puissaunce
and
vertue
wherby
yowe
haue
subdued
euell
men
and
reuenged
the
wronges
doone
to
innocentes
.
For
the
whiche
yowre
noble
factes
and
iustyce
,
as
he
doothe
honour
yowre
fame
,
soo
woolde
he
thinke
him selfe
moste
happye
if
he
myght
receiue
yowe
into
his
palaice
.
But
,
forasmuche
as
his
fortune
hath
byn
so
euell
(
as
he
imputeth
it
)
that
beynge
owte
of
yowre
waye
,
yowe
haue
ouerpassed
hym
,
he
hath
sent
yowe
this
golde
in
token
of
his
good
wyll
and
fryndshyppe
towarde
yowe
.
And
with
these
woordes
he
deliuered
to
Vaschus
thirty
disshes
of
pure
golde
.
Addynge
hereunto
,
that
when
so
euer
it
shulde
please
him
to
take
the
paynes
to
coomme
to
their
kynge
,
he
shulde
receyue
greater
gyftes
.
He
declared
further
,
that
a
kynge
whyche
was
their
bortherer
and
mortall
enemye
,
was
very
ryche
in
golde
:
And
that
in
subduynge
of
hym
they
shulde
bothe
obteine
greate
rychesse
,
and
also
delyuer
them
from
daylye
vexations
:
whiche
thinge
myght
easilye
be
doone
by
their
helpe
bycause
they
knewe
the
countrey
.
Vaschus
put
them
in
good
coomforte
,
and
gaue
them
for
rewarde
certayne
Iren
axes
whiche
they
more
esteemed
then
greate
heapes
of
golde
.
Axes
of
Iren
more
este●med
then
any
gold
For
they
haue
lyttell
neede
of
golde
,
hauynge
not
thuse
of
pestiferous
money
.
But
he
that
maye
get
but
one
axe
or
hatchet
,
thynketh
hym selfe
rycher
then
euer
was
Crassus
.
For
euen
these
naked
men
doo
perceyue
that
an
axe
is
nece●sarye
for
a
thousande
vses
:
And
confesse
that
golde
is
desyred
onely
for
certayne
vaine
and
effeminate
pleasures
,
Su●erfluous
an●
effemynate
plesur●●
as
a
thyng
whiche
the
lyfe
of
man
maye
lacke
withowte
any
inconuenience
.
For
owre
glutteny
and
superfluous
sumptuousnesse
hath
not
yet
corrupted
them
:
By
reason
wherof
they
take
it
for
noo
shame
to
lacke
cobardes
of
plate
,
where
as
the
pride
and
wantonnes
of
owre
tyme
dooeth
in
maner
impute
it
to
vs
for
ignominye
to
bee
withowte
that
,
wherof
by
nature
we
haue
no
neede
.
An
exemple
of
the
lyfe
of
owre
fyrst
parentes
.
But
their
contentation
with
the
benefytes
of
nature
doothe
playnly
declare
that
men
may
leade
a
free
and
happy
life
withowt
tables
,
table
clothes
,
carpettes
,
napkyns
,
and
towels
,
with
suche
other
innumerable
wherof
they
haue
no
vse
,
excepte
perhappes
the
kynges
furnishe
their
tables
with
a
fewe
golden
vessels
.
But
the
common
people
dryue
awaye
hunger
with
a
pyece
of
their
breade
in
the
one
hande
,
and
a
piece
of
broylde
fyshe
or
summe
kynde
of
fruite
in
the
other
hande
.
For
they
eate
fleshe
but
seldome
.
When
their
fingers
are
imbrued
with
any
ounctuous
meates
,
they
wype
them
eyther
on
the
soules
of
their
feete
,
or
on
their
thyghes
,
ye
&
sumtymes
on
the
skynnes
of
their
priuye
members
in
the
steede
of
a
nappekynne
.
And
for
this
cause
doo
they
often
tymes
washe
them selues
in
the
ryuers
.
Owre
men
therfore
wente
forwarde
laden
with
golde
,
Plentye
of
gold
&
scarcenesse
of
m●are
.
but
sore
afflicted
with
hunger
.
Thus
they
came
at
the
length
to
the
dominion
of
kynge
Pocchorrosa
who
fledde
at
their
coommynge
.
Here
for
the
space
of
thirtye
dayes
they
fylled
their
emptye
bellies
with
breade
of
the
rootes
of
Maizium
.
In
the
meane
tyme
Vaschus
sente
for
Pocchorrosa
:
kn●g
Pecchorro●a
●ub●ytteth
hym selfe
.
who
beynge
allured
with
promisses
and
fayre
woordes
,
came
and
submytted
hym selfe
brynginge
with
hym
for
a
present
.xv.
poundes
weighte
of
wrought
golde
,
xv
.
pounde
weyghte
of
wroughte
golde
.
and
a
fewe
slaues
.
Vaschus
rewarded
hym
as
he
had
doone
other
before
.
When
he
was
mynded
to
depart
,
he
was
aduertised
that
he
shulde
passe
through
the
dominion
of
a
certayne
kynge
whose
name
was
Tumanama
.
kyng
Tumanama
,
looke
decad.
ii
.
lib.
〈◊〉
This
is
hee
whome
the
soonne
of
kynge
Comogrus
declared
to
bee
of
soo
great
poure
and
fearefull
to
all
his
bortherers
,
&
with
whom
many
of
Comogrus
familyers
had
byn
captyue
.
But
owre
men
nowe
perceiued
that
they
measured
his
poure
by
their
owne
.
For
their
kinges
are
but
guattes
compared
to
elephantes
,
in
respecte
to
the
poure
and
pollicye
of
owre
men
.
Owre
men
were
also
enformed
by
suche
as
dwelte
neare
aboute
Tumanama
,
that
his
region
was
not
beyonde
the
montaynes
as
they
supposed
:
Nor
yet
so
ryche
in
golde
as
younge
Comogrus
▪
had
declared
.
Yet
consulted
they
of
his
subduyng
:
whiche
they
thoughte
they
myght
theaslyer
brynge
to
passe
bycause
Pocchorrosa
was
his
mortall
enemye
,
who
moste
gladly
promysed
them
his
aduice
and
ayde
herein
.
Vaschus
therfore
,
leauynge
his
sycke
men
in
the
vyllage
of
Poochorrosa
,
tooke
with
hym
threscore
of
his
moste
valiante
souldiers
,
and
declared
vnto
them
howe
kynge
Tumanama
had
oftentymes
spoken
proude
and
threatnyng
woordes
ageynste
them
:
A
good
policye
.
Lykewise
that
it
nowe
stoode
them
in
hande
of
necessitye
to
passe
through
his
dominion
:
And
that
he
thought
it
beste
to
sette
vppon
hym
vnwares
.
The
souldiers
consented
to
his
aduice
,
an●
exhorted
him
to
gyue
th
aduenture
,
promisinge
that
they
woolde
folowe
hym
whether
so
euer
he
wente
.
They
determined
therfore
to
go
two
dayes
iorney
in
one
daye
,
that
Tumanama
not
knowynge
of
their
sooden
commyng
,
myght
haue
no
leasure
to
assemble
an
armye
.
The
thynge
came
to
passe
euen
as
they
had
deuysed
.
For
in
the
fyrste
watche
of
the
nyght
,
owre
men
with
the
Pocchorrosians
,
inuaded
the
vyllage
and
palaice
of
Tumanama
,
where
they
tooke
hym
prisoner
suspectynge
nothinge
lesse
.
〈…〉
is
tak●
prisoner
.
He
had
with
hym
two
younge
men
whiche
he
abused
vnnaturally
:
Also
fourscore
women
whi●h
he
had
taken
vyolently
from
dyuers
kynges
.
Lykewise
a
greate
number
of
his
gentelmen
and
subiectes
were
taken
stragelynge
in
other
vyllages
neare
aboute
his
palaice
.
For
their
houses
are
not
adherent
togither
as
owres
bee
,
bycause
they
are
oftentimes
troubeled
with
vehement
whrilewyndes
by
reason
of
the
sudden
chaunges
and
motions
of
the
ayre
caused
by
the
influence
of
the
planetes
in
the
equalitie
of
the
daye
and
nyght
beynge
there
in
maner
bothe
of
one
lengthe
throughowte
all
the
yeare
,
forasmuche
as
they
are
neare
vnto
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
as
we
haue
sayde
before
.
The
cause
of
vehemente
wyndes
nere
he
Equinoc●ial
.
Their
houses
are
made
of
trees
,
couered
and
after
their
maner
thetched
with
the
stalkes
of
certayne
towghe
herbes
.
To
the
palayce
of
Tumanama
,
kynge
Tum●nama
his
palaice
.
was
onely
one
house
adherent
,
and
that
euen
as
bygge
as
the
palayce
it selfe
.
Eyther
of
these
houses
were
in
length
a
hundreth
and
twentie
pases
;
and
in
bredth
fyftie
pases
as
owre
men
measured
them
.
In
these
two
houses
the
kynge
was
accustomed
to
muster
his
men
as
often
as
he
prepared
an
armye
.
When
Tumanaman
therfore
,
was
thus
taken
captyue
with
all
his
Sardanapamcall
famelye
,
the
Pocchorrosians
bragged
and
threatened
hym
beynge
nowe
bounde
,
that
he
shulde
shortly
bee
hanged
.
The
other
kynges
also
his
bortherers
,
reioysed
at
his
mysfortune
.
Wherby
owre
men
perceaued
that
Tumanama
was
nolesse
troublesome
to
his
neighbours
,
then
was
Pacra
to
the
kinges
of
the
southe
syde
of
the
montaynes
.
Vaschus
also
the
better
to
please
them
,
threatned
hym
greuously
:
But
in
deede
entended
no
euell
toward
him
.
He
spake
therfore
sharpely
vnto
hym
with
these
woordes
:
Uaschus
his
woordes
to
kynge
Tumanama
.
Thou
shalte
nowe
su●fer
punyshment
thou
cruell
tyranne
,
for
thy
pryde
and
abhominations
.
Thou
shalte
knowe
of
what
poure
the
christians
are
whom
thou
haste
soo
contemned
and
threated
to
drawe
by
the
heare
of
their
heades
to
the
nexte
ry●er
and
there
to
drowne
them
as
thou
haste
often
tymes
made
thy
vaunte
emonge
thy
naked
slaues
.
But
thou
thy selfe
shalte
fyrste
feele
that
whiche
thou
haste
prepared
for
other
.
:
And
herewith
commaunded
hym
to
bee
taken
vppe
.
Neuerthelesse
gyuynge
a
priuye
tooken
of
pardon
to
them
whiche
layde
handes
on
him
.
Thus
vnhappye
Tumanama
,
fearynge
and
beleuynge
that
Vaschus
had
mente
in
ernes●e
as
he
commaunded
,
fell
prostrate
at
his
feete
and
with
teares
desyred
pardon
:
Protestynge
that
he
neuer
spake
any
suche
woordes
.
But
that
perhappes
his
noble
men
in
their
droonkennesse
had
so
abused
their
toonges
whiche
he
coulde
not
rule
.
For
their
wynes
although
they
bee
not
made
of
grapes
yet
are
they
of
force
to
make
men
droonken
.
He
declared
furthermore
that
the
other
kynges
his
bortherers
had
of
malice
surmysed
suche
lyes
of
hym
enuyinge
his
fortune
bycause
he
was
of
greater
poure
then
they
.
Oderunt
quen
metuunt
.
Moste
humbly
desyringe
Vaschus
that
as
he
tooke
hym
to
bee
a
iuste
vyctourer
,
soo
to
gyue
no
credytte
vnto
their
vniuste
and
malycious
complaintes
.
kyng
Tumanama
his
woordes
.
Addynge
herevnto
that
if
it
woolde
please
hym
to
pardon
hym
not
hauinge
offended
,
he
woolde
bringe
him
great
plentie
of
gold
.
Thus
layinge
his
ryght
hande
on
his
breast
,
he
swore
by
the
sonne
,
that
he
euer
loued
and
feared
the
chrystians
sence
he
fyrste
harde
of
their
fame
and
vyctoryes
:
Especially
when
he
harde
saye
that
they
had
Machanas
,
that
is
,
swoordes
sharper
then
thearse
,
and
such
as
cutte
in
pieces
al
thynges
that
coomme
in
their
waye
.
Then
directynge
his
eyes
towarde
Vaschus
who
had
his
swoorde
in
his
hand
,
he
spake
thus
.
Who
(
excepte
he
were
owte
of
his
wytte
)
dare
lyfte
vppe
his
hande
ageynste
this
swoorde
of
yowres
wherwith
yowe
are
able
with
one
strooke
to
cleane
a
man
from
the
heade
to
the
nauell
.
Lette
no
man
therfore
perswade
yowe
(
o
moste
myghtye
victourer
)
that
euer
suche
woordes
proceded
owte
of
my
mouthe
.
As
Tumanama
with
trembeling
spake
these
woordes
,
therwith
swalowynge
downe
the
knot
of
deathe
,
Vaschus
seemed
by
his
teares
to
bee
moued
to
compassion
:
T●manama
is
pardoned
.
And
speakyng
to
hym
with
chearefull
countenance
commaunded
hym
to
bee
loosed
.
This
doone
,
he
sente
immediatly
to
his
palaice
for
.xxx.
poundes
weyght
of
pure
gold
artifycially
wrought
into
sundry
ouches
whiche
his
wyues
and
concubynes
vsed
to
weare
.
xxx
.
pounde
weyghte
of
wroughte
golde
.
Also
the
thyrde
daye
folowynge
,
his
noble
men
and
gentylmen
sent
threscore
poundes
weight
of
golde
for
their
fyne
and
raunsumme
.
lx
poundes
weyght
of
golde
.
Tumanama
beyng
demaunded
wher
they
had
that
gold
,
answered
that
it
was
not
gathered
in
his
dominions
But
that
it
was
brought
his
auncestours
from
the
ryuer
Comogrus
toward
the
southe
.
But
the
Pocchorrosians
&
other
his
enemies
,
sayd
that
he
lyed
:
Affirmynge
that
his
kingdome
was
ryche
in
golde
.
Tumanama
on
the
contrary
part
,
instantly
protested
that
he
neuer
knewe
any
golde
myne
in
all
his
dominions
.
Yet
denyed
not
but
that
there
hath
sumtimes
byn
found
certaine
smaule
graines
of
golde
,
to
the
gatherynge
wherof
,
he
neuer
had
any
regarde
,
bycause
they
coulde
not
gette
it
without
great
&
longe
labour
.
They
abhorre
labour
.
Whyle
these
thynges
were
dooinge
,
the
sycke
men
whiche
Vaschus
had
lefte
in
the
village
of
Pocchorrosa
,
came
to
hym
the
.viii.
day
of
the
Calendes
of
Ianuary
in
the
yeare
of
Christe
.
M.D.XIII
.
bringyng
with
them
certayne
labourers
from
the
kynges
of
the
southe
with
sundrye
instrumentes
to
dygge
the
grounde
and
gather
golde
.
Thus
passynge
ouer
the
day
of
the
natiuitye
of
Christ
without
bodely
labour
,
vppon
sainte
Steuens
daye
he
brought
certeyne
myners
to
the
syde
of
a
hyll
not
farre
dystante
from
the
palaice
of
Tumanama
,
where
(
as
he
saith
)
he
perceaued
by
the
coloure
of
the
earth
that
it
was
lykely
to
brynge
furthe
golde
.
When
they
had
dygged
a
pytte
not
past
a
hand
breadth
and
a
halfe
,
The
coloure
of
the
golden
earthe
and
a
tryall
of
the
same
.
and
syfted
the
earthe
therof
,
they
founde
certayne
smaule
graynes
of
golde
no
bygger
then
lintell
seedes
,
amountynge
to
the
weyght
of
twelue
graynes
as
they
prouyd
with
their
balances
of
assaye
before
a
notarie
and
wytnesse
that
the
better
credytte
myghte
bee
gyu●n
therto
.
Wherby
they
argued
that
the
rychenesse
of
that
lande
was
agreable
to
the
report
of
the
bortherers
,
although
Vaschus
coulde
by
noo
meanes
cause
Tumanama
to
confesse
the
same
.
They
suppose
that
he
nothynge
esteemed
so
smaule
a
portion
.
But
other
saye
that
he
denyed
his
countrey
to
bee
frutefull
of
golde
,
leaste
by
reason
therof
the
desyre
of
golde
,
myght
intyse
owre
men
to
inhabyte
his
kyngdome
,
as
in
deede
the
seely
kynge
was
a
prophet
in
soo
thinkynge
.
For
they
chose
that
and
the
region
of
Pocchorrosa
to
inhabyte
,
and
determyned
to
buylde
townes
in
them
bothe
,
if
it
shulde
so
please
the
kynge
of
Castyle
:
Aswell
that
they
myght
bee
baytinge
places
and
vytailynge
houses
for
suche
as
shulde
iorney
towarde
the
southe
,
as
also
that
both
the
regions
were
frutfull
and
of
good
grounde
to
beare
frutes
and
trees
.
Intendynge
nowe
therfore
to
departe
from
thense
,
he
tried
the
earth
by
chaunce
in
an
other
place
,
where
the
colour
of
the
grounde
with
certayne
shyninge
stones
,
seemed
to
bee
a
tooken
of
golde
.
where
causynge
a
smaule
●itte
to
bee
dygged
lyttell
beneath
th
upper
cruste
of
the
ea●the
,
he
founde
somuche
golde
as
weyghed
that
pyece
of
golde
whiche
the
Spaniardes
caule
Castellanum
aureum
,
and
is
commonly
cauled
Pesus
,
Tokens
of
great
plentie
of
go●de
.
but
not
in
one
grayne
.
Reioysynge
at
the●e
tookens
in
hope
of
great
riches
,
he
badde
Tumanama
to
be
of
good
coomforte
,
promysynge
hym
that
he
woolde
bee
his
frende
and
defender
,
soo
that
he
troubeled
not
any
of
the
kynges
whiche
were
frendes
to
the
Christians
.
He
also
perswaded
hym
to
gather
plentye
of
golde
.
Su●me
saye
that
he
ledde
awaye
all
Tumanam●
his
women
,
and
●p●yled
him
leaste
he
shuld
rebell
.
Yet
he
delyuered
his
soonne
to
Vaschus
to
bee
broughte
vppe
with
owre
men
,
to
learne
their
language
and
relygyon
,
that
he
myght
therafter
the
better
vse
his
helpe
aswell
in
all
thynges
that
he
shulde
haue
to
doo
with
owre
men
,
as
also
more
polytykely
rule
,
and
obtayne
the
loue
of
his
owne
subiectes
.
Vaschus
at
this
tyme
fell
into
a
vehement
feuer
by
reason
of
excesse
of
labour
,
Ua●chus
fauleth
●icke
.
immoderate
watchyng
,
and
hunger
:
In
somuche
that
departynge
from
thense
,
he
was
fayne
too
bee
borne
vppon
mennes
backes
in
shietes
of
gossampyne
cotton
.
Feeblenes
of
hunger
and
watchinge
.
Lykewyse
also
many
of
his
souldiers
whiche
were
soo
weake
that
they
coulde
nother
go
nor
stonde
.
To
this
purpose
they
vsed
the
helpe
of
th
inhabytantes
,
who
shewed
themselues
in
althynges
wyllynge
and
obedyente
.
Also
summe
of
th●m
whiche
were
su●what
feeble
and
not
able
to
trauayle
,
although
not
greuously
sycke
,
were
ledde
by
the
armes
vntyll
they
came
to
the
domynion
of
kynge
Commogrus
a
greate
frende
to
the
Christyans
,
kynge
Comog●us
frende●
to
the
Chris●ians
of
whom
wee
haue
largely
made
mention
before
.
At
Vaschus
commynge
thether
,
he
founde
that
the
owlde
kynge
was
deade
,
and
his
soonne
(
whome
we
so
pray●ed
for
his
wisedome
)
to
raygne
in
his
steade
:
And
that
he
was
bapti●e●
b●
the
name
of
Charles
.
The
palayce
of
this
Comogrus
,
is
situate
at
the
foote
of
a
st●epe
hyll
well
cultured
.
H●uynge
towarde
the
southe
a
playne
of
twelue
leages
in
b●eadth
and
veary
frutefull
.
The
large
&
●●●teful
plain
o●●auana
.
This
playne
,
they
caule
Zauana
.
Beyonde
his
,
are
the
great
and
hyghe
montaynes
whiche
●e●yd●
th●
two
seas
wherof
we
haue
spoken
before
.
Owte
of
the
styepe
hylles
,
spryngeth
the
ryuer
Comogrus
,
Tho
ryuer
Comogru●
.
whiche
runneth
throwgh
the
sayde
playne
to
the
hyghe
montaynes
,
receauynge
into
his
chanell
by
their
valleys
,
all
the
other
ryuers
,
&
so
fauleth
into
the
south
sea
.
It
is
distante
from
Dariena
,
aboute
threscore
and
tenne
leages
towarde
the
weste
.
As
owre
men
therfore
came
to
these
parties
,
kynge
Comogrus
(
otherwyse
cauled
Charles
by
his
christian
name
)
mette
them
ioyfully
and
entertayned
them
honorably
,
gyuynge
them
their
fyll
of
pleasaunte
meates
and
drynkes
.
He
gaue
also
to
Vaschus
,
twenty
pounde
weyght
of
wrought
golde
.
xx
.
pounde
weyght
of
wrought
gold
Vaschus
recompensed
him
with
thinges
which
he
esteemed
muche
more
:
As
axes
and
sundry
kyndes
of
carpenters
tooles
.
Also
a
souldiours
cloke
,
and
a
faire
sherte
wrought
with
needle
woorke
By
these
gyftes
,
Comogrus
thought
hym selfe
to
bee
halfe
a
god
amonge
his
bortherers
.
Vaschus
at
his
departynge
from
hense
,
ernestly
charged
Comogrus
and
the
other
kynges
to
remayne
faithfull
and
obedient
to
the
christian
king
of
Castile
,
if
they
desyred
to
lyue
in
peace
and
quietnesse
:
And
that
they
shulde
hereafter
more
diligently
applye
them
selu●s
to
the
gatheringe
of
golde
to
bee
sente
to
the
great
christian
Tiba
(
that
is
)
kyng
.
Declaryng
fur●her
,
that
by
this
meanes
th●y
shuld
bothe
gette
them
and
their
posterity
a
patrone
and
defender
ageinst
their
enemyes
,
and
also
obtayne
great
abundaun●e
of
owre
thinges
.
These
affayres
thus
happely
achiu●d
,
he
went
forwarde
on
his
vyage
to
the
palaice
of
kyng
Poncha
,
where
he
founde
foure
younge
men
whiche
were
come
from
Dariena
to
certify
hym
that
there
were
certayne
shyppes
coomme
from
Hispaniola
laden
with
vyttayles
and
other
necessaries
.
Uaschus
re●u●neth
to
Dariena
.
Wherfore
takyng
with
him
twentie
of
his
moste
lusty
souldiers
,
he
made
haste
to
Dariena
with
longe
iorneys
:
leauinge
the
resydue
behynd
him
to
folow
at
their
leasure
.
He
writeth
that
he
came
to
Dariena
the
.xiiii.
Cal.
of
Fe
,
An.
1514.
The
date
of
his
letter
is
:
From
Dariena
,
the
.iiii.
day
of
march
.
The
good
fortune
of
Uaschus
.
He
writeth
in
the
same
letter
,
that
he
had
many
sore
conflictes
,
&
that
he
was
yet
neyther
wounded
,
or
loste
any
of
his
men
in
the
battaile
.
And
therfore
in
al
his
large
letter
,
there
is
not
one
leafe
without
thankes
geuynge
to
almyghty
god
for
his
delyuery
and
preseruation
from
so
many
imminent
pecels
.
He
attempted
no
enterprise
or
tooke
in
hande
any
viage
withowt
th
inuocation
of
god
and
his
holy
saintes
.
Thus
was
Vaschus
Balboa
of
a
vyolen●e
Goliath
,
tourned
into
Hels●as
:
Uaschus
wa●
turned
from
G●●●●th
to
●●●●eus
,
And
frome
Anteus
too
Hercules
the
conquerour
of
monsters
.
Beynge
therefore
thus
tourned
from
a
rasshe
royster
to
a
polytyk●
and
discreate
capitayne
,
he
was
iudged
woorthy
to
bee
aduaunced
to
greate
honoure
.
By
reason
whereof
,
he
was
bothe
receaued
into
the
kynges
fauour
,
and
therevppon
created
the
generall
or
Lieuetenaunt
of
the
kynges
army
in
those
Regions
.
O
flaterynge
fortune
,
looke
his
death
in
the
booke
of
the
Ilande
lately
founde
.
Thus
much
haue
I
gathered
bothe
by
the
letters
of
certeyne
my
faythefull
frendes
beinge
in
Dariena
,
and
also
by
woorde
of
mouth
of
suche
as
came
lately
frome
thense
.
If
yowre
holynes
desyre
to
knowe
what
I
thynke
herein
,
Suerly
as
by
suche
thynges
as
I
haue
seene
,
I
beleue
these
thynges
to
bee
trewe
,
euen
so
th
order
and
agreinge
of
Vaschus
and
his
coompanions
warrelyke
letters
,
seeme
to
confirme
the
same
.
The
earth
is
owre
general
mother
.
The
Spanyarde
therfore
shall
not
neede
hereafter
with
vndermynynge
the
earth
with
intollerable
laboure
to
breake
the
bones
of
owre
mother
,
and
enter
many
myles
into
her
bowels
,
and
with
innumerable
daungers
cut
in
sunder
hole
mountaynes
to
make
a
waye
to
the
courte
of
infernall
Pluto
,
The
courte
of
infernall
Pluto
.
to
brynge
from
thense
wycked
golde
the
seede
of
innumerable
mischeues
,
withowte
the
whiche
notwithstandynge
we
may
nowe
scarsely
leade
a
happy
lyfe
sithe
iniquitie
hath
so
preuayled
and
made
vs
slaues
to
that
wherof
we
are
lords
by
nature
:
The
Spanyarde
(
I
say
)
shall
not
neede
with
such
trauayles
&
difficultie
to
dygge
farre
into
the
earth
for
gold
,
but
shal
fynde
it
plentifully
in
maner
in
the
vpper
crust
of
the
earth
,
or
in
the
sandes
of
ryuers
dryded
vppe
by
the
heate
of
sommer
,
onely
wasshynge
the
earth
softely
frome
the
same
:
And
shall
with
lyke
facilite
gather
plentie
of
pearles
.
There
i●
a
better
waye
then
this
.
Certenly
the
reuerent
antiquitie
(
by
al
the
Cosmographers
assent
obteyned
not
soo
greate
a
benefyte
of
nature
,
nor
yet
aspired
to
the
knowleage
hereof
,
bycause
there
came
neuer
man
before
owte
of
owre
knowen
worlde
to
these
vnknowen
nations
:
The
Sp●niardes
conquestes
.
At
the
leaste
,
with
a
poure
of
men
,
by
force
of
armes
,
in
maner
of
conquest
:
wheras
otherwise
nothyng
can
be
gotten
here
,
forasmuch
as
these
nations
are
for
the
most
part
seuere
defenders
of
theyr
patrimonies
,
and
cruell
to
straungers
,
in
no
condition
admittinge
them
otherwyse
then
by
conquest
:
especially
the
fierce
Canibales
or
Caribes
.
For
these
wylye
hunters
of
men
,
Manhunters
gyue
them selues
to
none
other
kynde
of
exercyse
but
onely
to
manhuntynge
and
tyllage
after
theyr
maner
.
At
the
commynge
therfore
of
owre
men
into
theyr
regions
,
they
loke
as
suerly
to
haue
them
faule
into
their
snares
as
if
they
were
hartes
or
wylde
bores
:
The
fiersenesse
of
the
Can●bales
.
and
with
no
lesse
confydence
licke
their
lippes
secreately
in
hope
of
their
praye
.
If
they
gette
the
vpper
hande
,
they
eate
them
greedely
:
If
they
mystruste
them selues
to
bee
the
weaker
parte
,
they
truste
to
theyr
feete
,
and
flye
swyfter
then
the
wynde
.
Ageyne
,
yf
the
matter
bee
tryed
on
the
water
,
aswell
the
women
as
men
can
dyue
and
swymme
,
as
though
they
had
byn
euer
brought
vp
and
fedde
in
the
water
.
It
is
noo
maruayle
therefore
yf
the
large
tracte
of
these
regions
haue
byn
hytherto
vnknowen
.
But
nowe
sithe
it
hath
pleased
God
to
discouer
the
same
in
owre
tyme
,
Owre
duty
to
god
,
and
naturall
loue
to
mankynde
.
it
shall
becoome
vs
to
shewe
owre
naturall
loue
to
mankynde
and
dewtie
to
God
,
to
endeuoure
owre
selues
to
brynge
them
to
ciuilitie
and
trewe
religion
,
to
th
increase
of
Christes
flocke
,
to
the
confusion
of
Infidels
and
the
Deuyll
theyr
father
who
delytethe
in
owre
destruction
as
he
hathe
doone
frome
the
begynnynge
.
By
the
good
successe
of
these
fyrst
frutes
,
owre
hope
is
,
that
the
Christian
regilion
shall
streache
foorth
her
armes
very
farre
.
Which
thyng
shulde
the
sooner
coome
to
passe
yf
all
menne
to
theyr
poure
(
especially
Christian
Princes
to
whom
it
chiefely
perteyneth
)
wolde
put
theyr
handes
to
the
plowe
of
the
lordes
vineyarde
.
Th
offyce
of
Chrystian
prynces
.
The
haruest
is
great
.
&c.
The
haruest
suerly
is
greate
,
but
the
woorkemen
are
but
fewe
.
As
we
haue
sayde
at
the
begynnynge
,
yowre
holynes
shall
hereafter
nooryshe
many
myriades
of
broodes
of
chekins
vnder
yowre
wynges
.
But
let
vs
nowe
returne
to
speake
of
Beragua
beinge
the
weste
syde
of
Vraba
,
Beragua
.
and
fyrst
founde
by
Colonus
the
Admirall
,
then
vnfortunately
gouerned
by
Diego
Nicuesa
,
Nicuesa
.
and
nowe
lefte
in
maner
desolate
:
with
the
other
large
regions
of
those
prouinces
brought
from
theyr
wylde
and
beastly
rudenes
to
ciuilitie
and
trewe
religion
.
¶
The
fourth
booke
of
the
thyrde
Decade
.
I
Was
determyned
(
moste
holy
father
)
to
haue
proceded
no
further
herein
,
but
that
on●
fierye
sparke
yet
remaynynge
in
my
mynde
,
woolde
not
suffer
me
to
cease
.
Wheras
I
haue
therfore
declared
howe
Beragua
was
fyrste
fownde
by
Colonus
,
my
thincke
I
shulde
commytte
a
heynous
cryme
if
I
shuld
defraude
the
man
of
the
due
commendations
of
his
trauayles
,
The
fourth
nauigation
of
Colonus
the
Admirall
.
of
his
cares
and
troubles
,
and
fynally
of
the
daungeours
and
perels
,
whiche
he
susteyned
in
that
nauigation
.
Therfore
in
the
yeare
of
Christe
.1502
.
in
the
.vi.
daye
of
the
Ides
of
Maye
,
he
hoysed
vppe
his
sayles
and
departed
from
the
Ilandes
of
Gades
with
.iiii.
shyppes
of
fyftie
or
.iii.
score
tunne
a
piece
,
with
a
hundreth
threscore
and
tenne
men
,
and
came
with
prosperous
wynde
to
the
Ilandes
of
Canari●
within
fiue
daies
folowinge
,
from
thense
arryuinge
the
.xvi.
day
at
the
Ilande
of
Dominica
beinge
the
chiefe
habitation
of
the
Canibales
,
he
sayled
from
Dominica
to
Hispaniola
in
fyue
other
daies
.
Thus
within
the
space
of
.xxvi.
daies
,
with
prosperous
wynde
and
by
the
swyfte
faule
of
the
Ocean
from
the
Easte
to
the
west
,
he
sayled
from
Spaine
to
Hispaniola
:
Which
course
is
counted
of
the
mariners
to
bee
no
lesse
then
a
thousande
and
twoo
hundreth
leagues
.
From
Spaine
to
hispan●ola
a
thou●ande
and
two
hundreth
leagues
He
taryed
but
a
whyle
in
Hispaniola
,
whether
it
were
wyllingly
,
or
that
he
were
so
admonisshed
of
the
viceroye
.
Directing
therfore
his
vyage
from
thense
towarde
the
weste
,
leauyng
the
Ilandes
of
Cuba
and
Iamaica
on
his
ryght
hande
towarde
the
northe
,
he
wryteth
that
he
chaunsed
vppon
an
Ilande
more
southewarde
then
Iamaica
,
whiche
th
inhabitantes
caule
Guanassa
,
so
florysshinge
and
frutefull
that
it
myghte
seeme
an
earthlye
Paradyse
.
The
flory●shyng
Ilande
of
Guanassa
.
Coastynge
alonge
by
the
shores
of
this
Ilande
,
he
mette
two
of
the
Canoas
or
boates
of
those
prouinces
,
whiche
were
drawne
with
two
naked
slaues
ageynst
the
streame
.
In
these
boates
,
was
caryed
a
ruler
of
the
Ilande
with
his
wyfe
and
chyldren
,
all
na●ed
.
The
slaues
seeynge
owre
men
a
lande
,
made
signes
to
them
with
proude
countenaunce
in
their
maisters
name
,
to
stande
owte
of
the
waye
,
and
threatned
them
if
they
woolde
not
gyue
place
.
Simple
.
people
.
Their
sympelnes
is
suche
that
they
nother
feared
the
multitude
or
poure
of
owre
men
,
or
the
greatnes
and
straungenes
of
owre
shippes
.
They
thought
that
owre
men
woolde
haue
honoured
their
maister
with
like
reuerence
as
they
did
.
Owre
men
had
intelligence
at
the
length
that
this
ruler
was
a
greate
marchaunte
whiche
came
to
the
marte
from
other
coastes
of
the
Ilande
.
A
greate
marchaunt
.
For
they
exercyse
byinge
and
sellynge
by
exchaunge
with
their
confinies
.
He
had
also
with
him
good
stoore
of
suche
ware
as
they
stande
in
neede
of
or
take
pleasure
in
:
as
laton
belles
,
rasers
,
knyues
,
and
hatchettes
made
of
a
certeyne
sharpe
yelowe
bryght
stone
,
with
handles
of
a
stronge
kynd
of
woodde
.
Also
many
other
necessary
instrumentes
with
kychen
stuffe
and
vesselles
for
all
necessary
vses
.
Lykewise
sheetes
of
gossampine
cotton
wrought
of
sundrye
colours
.
Owre
men
tooke
hym
prysoner
with
all
his
famely
.
But
Colonus
commaunded
hym
to
bee
losed
shortely
after
,
and
the
greatest
parte
of
his
goodes
to
bee
restored
to
wynne
his
fryndeshippe
.
Beinge
here
instructed
of
a
lande
lyinge
further
towarde
the
southe
,
he
tooke
his
vyage
thether
.
Therfore
lytle
more
then
tenne
myles
distant
from
hense
,
he
founde
a
large
lande
whiche
th
inhabitantes
cauled
Quiriquetana
:
But
he
named
it
Ciamba
.
The
regyon
of
Queriquetana
or
Ciamba
.
When
he
wente
a
lande
and
commaunded
his
chaplaine
to
saye
ma●se
on
the
sea
bankes
,
a
great
confluence
of
the
naked
inhabitantes
flocked
thither
symplye
and
without
feare
,
brinkynge
with
them
plenty
of
meate
and
freshe
water
,
marueylynge
at
owre
men
as
they
had
byn
summe
straunge
miracle
.
Gentle
people
.
When
they
had
presented
their
giftes
,
they
went
sumwhat
backewarde
and
made
lowe
curtesy
after
their
maner
bowinge
their
heades
and
bodyes
reuerently
.
He
recompensed
their
gentylnes
rewardinge
them
with
other
of
owre
thynges
,
as
counters
,
braslettes
and
garlandes
of
glasse
and
counterfecte
stoones
,
lookynge
glasses
,
nedelles
,
and
pynnes
,
with
suche
other
trashe
,
whiche
seemed
vnto
them
precious
marchaundies
.
In
this
great
tracte
there
are
two
regions
wherof
the
one
is
cauled
Taia
and
the
other
Maia
.
The
regyons
of
Taia
and
Maia
.
He
writeth
that
all
that
lande
is
very
fayre
and
holsome
by
reason
of
the
excellent
temperatnesse
of
the
ayer
:
And
that
it
is
inferiour
to
no
lande
in
frutefull
ground
beinge
partely
full
of
mountaines
,
and
partely
large
playn●s
:
Also
replenyshed
with
many
goodly
trees
,
holsome
herbes
,
and
frutes
,
continuynge
greene
and
floryshynge
all
the
hole
yeare
.
It
beareth
also
verye
many
holy
trees
and
pyne
aple
trees
.
Also
.vii.
kyndes
of
date
trees
wherof
summe
are
frutefull
and
summe
baren
.
Seuen
kyndes
of
date
trees
.
It
bringeth
furth
lykewyse
of
it selfe
Pelgoras
and
wilde
vynes
laden
with
grapes
euen
in
the
wooddes
emonge
other
trees
.
wylde
vines
.
He
saythe
furthermore
that
there
is
suche
abundaunce
of
other
pleasaunte
and
profitable
frutes
,
that
they
passe
not
of
vynes
.
Of
one
of
those
kyndes
of
date
trees
,
they
make
certeyne
longe
and
brode
swoordes
and
dartes
.
These
regyons
beare
also
gossampyne
trees
here
and
there
commonly
in
the
woodd●s
.
Lykewise
Mirobalanes
of
sundry
kyndes
,
M●robalanes
as
those
which
the
phisitians
caule
Emblicos
and
Chebulos
.
Maizium
also
,
Iucca
,
Ages
,
and
Battatas
,
lyke
vnto
those
whiche
we
haue
sayde
before
to
bee
founde
in
other
regions
in
these
coastes
.
The
same
nooryssheth
also
lyons
,
Tygers
,
Hartes
,
Roes
,
Goates
,
and
dyuers
other
beastes
.
Lykewyse
sundry
kyndes
of
byrdes
and
foules
:
Byrdes
and
foules
.
Emonge
the
whiche
they
keepe
onely
them
to
franke
and
feede
,
whiche
are
in
colour
,
bygnes
,
and
taste
,
muche
lyke
vnto
owre
pehennes
.
He
saith
that
th
inhabitantes
are
of
high
and
goodly
stature
,
People
of
goodly
stature
well
lym●ed
and
proportioned
both
men
and
women
:
Couerynge
their
priuye
partes
with
fyne
breeches
of
gossampine
cotton
wrought
with
dyuers
colours
.
And
that
they
may
seeme
the
more
cumlye
and
bewtifull
(
as
they
take
it
)
they
paynte
their
bodyes
redde
and
bla●ke
with
the
iuce
of
certeyne
apples
whiche
they
plante
in
their
gardens
for
the
sa●e
purpose
.
Summe
of
them
paynte
their
hole
bodies
:
They
paynt
theyr
bodyes
summe
but
parte
:
and
other
summe
drawe
th●
portitures
,
of
herbes
,
floures
,
and
knottes
,
euery
one
as
seemeth
be●te
to
his
owne
phantasye
.
Their
language
differeth
vtterlye
from
theirs
of
the
Ilandes
nere
aboute
them
.
The
●wyfte
cour●e
of
the
sea
from
the
East
to
the
West
.
From
these
regions
,
the
waters
of
the
sea
ranne
with
as
full
course
towarde
the
weste
,
as
if
it
had
byn
the
faule
of
a
swyfte
riuer
.
Neuerthelesse
he
determined
to
searche
the
Easte
partes
of
this
lande
,
reuoluynge
in
his
mynde
that
the
regions
of
Paria
and
Os
Draconis
with
other
coastes
founde
before
toward
the
Easte
,
Pari●
.
shulde
bee
neare
theraboute
as
in
deede
they
were
.
Departyng
therfore
from
the
large
region
of
Quiriquetana
the
xiii
.
daye
of
the
calendes
of
September
,
when
he
had
sailed
thirtie
leaques
,
he
founde
a
ryuer
,
without
the
mouth
wherof
he
drewe
freshe
water
in
the
sea
.
Fresshe
water
in
the
sea
.
Where
also
the
shoore
was
so
cleane
withowte
rockes
,
that
he
founde
grounde
euery
where
,
where
he
myght
aptely
caste
anker
.
He
writeth
that
the
swifte
course
of
the
Ocean
was
so
vehement
and
contrarye
,
that
in
the
space
of
fortye
dayes
he
coulde
scarcelye
sayle
threscore
and
tenne
leaques
,
and
that
with
muche
diffy●ultie
with
many
fetches
and
coompasynges
,
F●●ches
and
compasinges
fyndyng
him selfe
to
bee
sumtimes
repulsed
and
dryuen
farre
backe
by
the
vyolente
course
of
the
sea
when
he
woolde
haue
taken
lande
towarde
the
euenynge
,
le●s●e
perhappes
wanderynge
in
vnknowen
coastes
in
the
darckenes●e
of
the
nyght
,
he
myghte
bee
in
daunger
of
shypwracke
:
He
writeth
that
in
the
space
of
eyght
leaques
,
he
found
three
great
and
fayre
ryuers
vppon
the
banckes
wherof
,
Faire
ryuers
.
Great
reedes
there
grewe
reedes
bygger
then
a
mannes
thygh
,
In
these
ryuers
was
also
greate
plentye
of
fyshe
and
great
tortoyses
:
Great
tortoyses
.
Lykewise
in
many
places
,
mul●itudes
of
Crocodiles
lyinge
in
the
●ande
,
and
yanyng
to
●ake
the
heate
of
the
soonne
:
Besyde
dyuers
other
kyndes
of
beastes
whervnto
he
gaue
no
names
.
He
sayth
also
that
the
soyle
of
that
lande
is
very
diuers
a●d
variable
:
beyng
sumwhere
stonye
and
full
of
rough
and
●e●ggie
promonto●●es
or
poyntes
reachynge
into
the
sea
.
And
in
other
places
as
frutfull
as
maye
bee
.
They
haue
also
diuers
kynges
and
rulers
.
Dyuers
languages
.
In
summe
places
they
caule
a
kynge
Cacicus
:
in
other
places
they
caule
hym
Quebi
,
and
sumwhere
Tiba
.
Suche
as
haue
behaued
them selues
valiantly
in
the
warres
ageynste
their
enemies
,
and
haue
their
faces
full
of
scarres
,
they
caule
Cupras
,
and
honour
them
as
the
antiquitie
dyd
the
goddes
whiche
they
cauled
Heroes
,
Hero●●
.
supposed
to
bee
the
soules
of
suche
men
as
in
their
lyfe
tyme
excelled
in
vertue
and
noble
actes
.
The
common
people
,
they
caule
Chiui
:
and
a
man
,
they
caule
Ho●●cu●
.
When
they
saye
in
their
language
,
take
man
,
they
say
Hoppa
home
.
After
this
,
he
came
to
an
other
ryuer
apte
to
beare
great
shyppes
:
Before
the
mouthe
wherof
,
l●ye
foure
smaule
Ilandes
full
of
florisshing
and
frutfull
trees
.
These
Ilandes
he
named
Quatuor
tempora
.
Quatuor
tempora
.
From
hense
saylynge
towarde
the
Easte
for
the
space
of
.xiii.
leaques
styll
ageinste
●he
vyolent
course
of
the
water
,
he
founde
twelue
other
smaule
Ilandes
.
In
the
whiche
bycause
he
founde
a
newe
kynde
of
frutes
muche
like
vnto
owre
lemondes
,
he
cauled
them
Limonares
.
Twel●e
Ilands
na●ed
Li●●●na●es
.
Wanderynge
yet
further
the
same
waye
for
the
●pace
of
.xii.
leaques
,
he
founde
a
great
hauen
enteryng
into
th●
land
after
the
maner
of
a
goulfe
the
space
of
three
l●aqu●s
,
and
in
maner
as
brode
,
into
the
whiche
fell
a
great
ryuer
.
He●e
was
Nicuesa
loste
afterwarde
when
he
soug●te
Ber●ga●
:
By
rea●on
wherof
they
cauled
it
Rio
delos
perdido●
:
Rio
de
los
pe●didos
.
that
is
the
ryuer
of
the
loste
men
.
Thus
Colonus
the
Admirall
yet
further
con●ynuynge
his
cour●e
ageynste
the
furye
of
the
●ea
,
fou●de
manye
hyghe
montaynes
and
horrible
valleys
,
with
dyuers
ryuers
and
hauens
,
from
all
the
whiche
(
as
he
saythe
)
proceaded
sweete
sauers
greatly
rec●eatynge
and
confortynge
nature
.
In
so
muche
that
in
all
this
longe
tracte
there
was
not
one
of
his
men
desea●ed
vntyll
he
ca●e
to
a
region
whiche
th
inhabitantes
cau●e
Quicuri
,
The
region
of
Qu●curi
.
in
the
whiche
is
the
hauen
cauled
Cariai
,
named
M●robalanus
by
the
admyrall
bycause
the
Mirobalane
trees
are
natiue
in
the
regions
therabout
.
In
this
hauen
of
Cariai
,
The
hauen
of
Cariai
or
Mirobalanus
there
came
about
two
hundreth
of
th
inhabitantes
to
the
sea
syde
with
euerye
of
them
three
or
foure
dartes
in
their
handes
:
Yet
of
condition
gentell
enoughe
,
and
not
refusyng
straungers
.
Their
commyng
was
for
none
other
purpose
then
to
knowe
what
this
newe
nation
mente
,
or
what
they
brough●e
with
them
.
When
owre
men
had
gyuen
them
sygnes
of
peace
,
they
came
swymmynge
to
the
shyppes
and
desyred
to
barter
with
them
by
exchaunge
.
The
admyrall
to
allure
them
to
frend●hippe
,
gaue
them
many
of
owre
thinges
:
But
they
refused
them
,
suspectynge
summe
disceate
thereby
bycause
he
woolde
not
receyue
theirs
.
They
wroughte
all
by
sygnes
:
Ciuile
and
human●
people
for
one
vnderstoode
not
a
woorde
of
the
others
language
.
Suche
gyftes
as
were
sente
them
,
they
lefte
on
the
shore
a●d
woolde
take
no
part
therof
.
They
are
of
suche
ciuilitye
and
humanytie
,
that
they
esteeme
it
more
honorable
to
gyue
then
to
take
.
They
sente
owre
men
two
younge
women
beinge
vyrgines
,
of
commendable
fauour
and
goodly
stature
,
sygnifyinge
vnto
them
that
they
myghte
take
them
awaye
with
them
if
it
were
their
pleasure
.
These
women
after
the
maner
of
their
countrey
,
were
couered
from
their
ancles
sumwhat
aboue
their
priuye
partes
with
a
certeyne
clothe
made
of
gossampine
cotton
.
But
the
men
are
al
naked
.
The
women
vse
to
cutte
their
heare
:
But
the
men
lette
it
growe
on
the
hynder
partes
of
their
heades
,
and
cutte
it
on
the
fore
parte
.
Their
longe
heare
,
they
bynde
vppe
with
fyllettes
,
&
winde
it
in
sundry
rowles
as
owre
maydes
are
accustomed
to
do
.
The
virgins
which
were
sente
to
the
Admirall
he
decked
in
fayre
apparell
,
&
gaue
them
many
gyftes
,
and
sent
theym
home
ageyne
.
But
lykewise
all
these
rewardes
and
apparel
they
left
vppon
the
shore
bycause
owre
men
had
refused
their
gyftes
.
Yet
tooke
he
two
men
away
with
him
(
and
those
very
wyllyngly
)
that
by
lernyng
the
Spanyshe
tonge
,
he
might
afterwarde
vse
them
for
interpretours
.
He
considered
that
the
tractes
of
these
coastes
were
not
greately
troubeled
with
vehement
motions
or
ouerflowynges
of
the
sea
,
forasmuche
as
trees
growe
in
the
sea
not
farre
frome
the
sh●re
,
sy●e
.
euen
as
they
doo
vppon
the
bankes
of
ryuers
.
The
which
thynge
also
other
doo
affirme
whiche
haue
latelyer
searched
those
coastes
,
declaring
that
the
sea
riseth
and
fauleth
but
lyttle
there
aboute
.
He
sayth
furthermore
,
that
in
the
prospecte
of
this
lande
,
there
are
trees
engendred
euen
in
the
sea
,
Trees
growyn●●
in
th●
sea
after
a
straunge
sor●
.
which
after
that
they
are
growen
to
any
height
,
bende
downe
the
toppes
of
theyr
branches
into
the
grounde
:
which
embrasing
them
causeth
other
branches
to
sprynge
owt
of
the
same
,
and
take
roote
in
the
earth
,
bringynge
foorth
trees
in
theyr
kynde
successiuely
as
dyd
the
fyrst
roote
from
whense
they
had
theyr
originall
,
as
do
also
the
settes
of
vines
when
onely
bothe
the
endes
therof
are
put
into
the
grounde
.
Plinie
in
the
twelfth
booke
of
his
natural
historie
maketh
mention
of
suche
trees
,
Plinie
,
describynge
them
to
bee
on
the
lande
,
but
not
in
the
sea
.
The
Admirall
wryteth
also
that
the
lyke
beastes
are
engendered
in
the
coastes
of
Cariai
,
as
in
other
prouinces
of
these
regions
,
and
such
as
we
haue
spoken
of
before
.
Yet
that
there
is
one
founde
here
in
nature
much
differinge
from
the
other
.
This
beaste
is
of
the
byggenes
of
a
greate
moonkeye
,
A
straunge
kynde
of
moonkeys
.
but
with
a
tayle
muche
longer
and
bygger
.
It
lyueth
in
the
wooddes
,
and
remoueth
from
tree
to
tree
in
this
maner
.
Hangynge
by
the
tayle
vppon
the
braunche
of
a
tree
,
&
gatheryng
strength
by
swayinge
her
body
twyse
or
thryse
too
and
fro
,
she
casteth
her selfe
from
branche
to
branche
and
so
from
tree
to
tree
as
though
she
flewe
.
An
archer
of
owres
hurt
one
of
them
.
Who
perceauinge
her selfe
to
be
wounded
,
A
moonkeye
feyghteth
with
a
man
.
leapte
downe
from
the
tree
,
and
fiercely
set
on
hym
which
gaue
her
the
wounde
,
in
so
muche
that
he
was
fayne
to
defende
hym selfe
with
his
swoorde
.
And
thus
by
chaunce
cuttyng
of
one
of
her
armes
,
he
tooke
her
,
and
with
muche
a
doo
brought
her
to
the
ships
where
within
a
whyle
,
shee
waxed
tame
.
Whyle
shee
was
thus
kep●e
and
bownde
with
cheynes
,
certeyne
other
of
owr
hunters
hadde
chased
a
wylde
bore
owt
of
the
maryshes
nere
vnto
the
sea
syde
.
For
hunger
and
desyre
of
fleshe
,
caused
them
to
take
double
pleasure
in
huntynge
.
In
this
meane
tyme
other
which
remayned
in
the
shippes
,
goinge
a
lande
to
recreate
them selues
,
tooke
this
moonkey
with
them
.
Who
,
as
soone
as
shee
had
espied
the
bore
,
set
vp
her
brystels
&
made
towarde
her
.
The
bore
lykewyse
shooke
his
bristels
&
whette
his
teethe
.
The
moonkey
furiously
inuaded
the
bore
,
●
conflict
betwene
a
monkey
and
a
wylde
bore
.
wrappynge
her
tayle
about
his
body
,
and
with
her
arme
reserued
of
her
victourer
,
helde
hym
so
fast
aboute
the
throte
,
that
he
was
suffocate
.
These
people
of
Cariai
,
vse
to
drye
the
deade
bodyes
of
theyr
princes
vppon
hurdels
,
and
so
reserue
them
inuolued
in
the
leaues
of
trees
.
The
bodyes
of
kynges
dryed
&
reserued
As
he
went
forwarde
about
twentie
leagues
from
Cariai
,
he
founde
a
goulfe
of
suc●
largenes
that
it
conteyned
.xii.
leagues
in
compa●se
.
In
the
mouth
of
this
goulfe
were
foure
lyttle
Ilandes
so
nere
tog●ther
,
that
they
made
a
safe
hauen
to
enter
into
the
goulfe
.
This
goulfe
is
the
hauen
which
we
sayde
before
to
be
cauled
Cerabaro
of
th
inhabitantes
.
Cerabaro
.
But
they
haue
nowe
lerned
th●t
only
the
lande
of
the
one
syde
therof
,
lyinge
on
the
ryght
hande
at
the
enterynge
of
the
goulfe
,
is
cauled
by
that
name
.
But
that
on
the
lefte
syde
,
is
cauled
Aburema
.
Aburema
.
He
saythe
th●t
all
this
goulfe
is
ful
of
fruteful
Ilandes
wel
replenysshed
with
goodly
trees
:
And
the
grounde
of
the
sea
to
bee
verye
cleane
withowt
rockes
,
and
commodious
to
cast
anker
:
Lykewyse
the
sea
of
the
goulfe
to
haue
greate
abundance
of
fysshe
:
and
the
land●
of
both
the
sydes
to
bee
inferior
to
none
in
frutfulnes
.
At
his
fyrst
arryuynge
,
he
espyed
two
of
thinh●bitan●es
hauynge
cheynes
about
theyr
neckes
,
Cheynes
of
golde
.
made
of
ouches
(
which
they
caule
Cuauines
,
)
of
base
golde
artificially
wrought
in
the
formes
of
Eagles
,
and
lions
,
with
dyuers
other
beastes
and
foules
.
Of
the
two
Cariaians
whiche
he
brought
with
hym
from
Cariai
,
he
was
enformed
that
the
regions
of
Cerabaro
and
Aburema
were
rych
in
golde
.
And
that
the
people
of
Cariai
haue
all
theyr
golde
frome
thense
for
exchaunge
of
other
of
theyr
thynges
.
Plentie
of
golde
.
They
towlde
hym
also
,
that
in
the
sa●e
regi●ns
there
are
fyue
vyllages
not
farre
from
the
sea
●yde
,
whose
inhabitantes
apply
the●
selues
onely
to
the
gathering
of
gold
The
names
of
the●e
vyllages
are
these
:
Chirara
,
Puren
,
Chitaza
,
Iureche
,
Atamea
.
Fiue
villages
rych
in
gold
.
All
the
men
of
the
prouince
of
Cerabaro
,
go
naked
,
and
are
paynted
with
dyuers
coloures
.
They
take
g●eat
pleasure
in
wearynge
garlan●es
of
floures
,
and
crownes
made
of
the
clawes
of
Lions
and
Tygers
.
Crownes
of
beasts
claws
The
women
couer
onely
theyr
priuie
partes
wi●h
a
fyller
of
gossampine
cotton
.
Departinge
from
hen●e
and
●oastynge
styll
by
the
same
shore
for
the
space
of
.xviii.
leagues
,
he
came
to
another
ryuer
,
wh●re
he
espyed
aboute
three
hundreth
naked
men
in
a
company
.
When
they
sawe
the
shippes
drawe
neare
the
lande
,
they
cryed
owte
aloude
,
with
cruell
countenaunces
shakynge
th●yr
woodden
swoordes
and
hurlynge
dartes
,
takynge
also
wa●er
in
theyr
mouthes
and
spoutyng
the
same
ageynst
our
men
:
Soytefu●l
people
.
wherby
they
seemed
to
insinuate
that
they
woolde
receaue
no
condition
of
peace
or
haue
owght
to
doo
with
them
.
Here
he
commaunded
certeyne
pieces
of
ordinaunce
to
be
shot
of
toward
them
:
Yet
so
to
ouershute
them
,
that
none
myght
be
hurt
therby
.
For
he
euer
determyned
to
deale
quietly
and
peaceably
with
these
newe
nations
.
At
the
noyse
therfore
of
the
gunnes
and
syght
of
the
fyer
,
they
fell
downe
to
the
grounde
,
and
desyred
peace
.
Guns
make
peace
.
Thus
enteringe
into
further
frendshippe
,
they
exchaunged
theyr
cheynes
and
ouches
of
golde
for
glasses
and
haukes
belles
and
such
other
marchandies
.
They
vse
drummes
or
tymbrels
made
of
the
shelles
of
certeyne
sea
fysshes
,
wherewith
they
encorage
theym selues
in
the
warres
.
In
this
tract
are
these
seuen
ryuers
,
Acateba
,
Quareba
,
Zobroba
,
Aiaguitin
,
Vrida
,
Duribba
,
Beragua
,
Seuen
golden
ryuers
in
all
the
whiche
,
golde
is
founde
.
They
defende
them selues
ageynste
rayne
and
heate
with
certeyne
great
leaues
of
trees
in
the
steade
of
clokes
.
Departinge
from
hense
,
he
searched
the
coastes
of
Ebetere
,
and
Embigar
,
into
the
which
faule
the
goodly
ryuers
of
Zohoran
and
Cubigar
:
Note
where
the
plentie
of
golde
endeth
And
here
ceaseth
the
plentie
and
frutefulnes
of
golde
,
in
the
tracte
of
fiftie
leagues
or
there
about
.
From
hense
onely
three
leagues
distant
,
is
the
rocke
whiche
in
the
vnfortunate
discourse
of
Nicuesa
we
sayde
was
cauled
of
owre
men
Pignonem
.
Pignonem
.
But
of
th
inhabitantes
the
Region
is
cauled
Vibba
.
Vibba
.
In
this
tracte
also
aboute
syxe
leagues
frome
thense
,
is
the
hauen
which
Colonus
cauled
Portus
Bellus
(
wherof
we
haue
spoken
before
)
in
the
region
whiche
th
inhabitantes
caule
Xaguaguara
.
Portus
Bellus
.
This
region
is
very
peopulous
:
but
they
go
all
naked
.
The
kyng
is
paynted
with
blacke
colours
,
but
all
the
people
with
redde
.
Paynted
people
.
The
kynge
and
seuen
of
his
noble
men
,
A
strange
syght
.
had
euery
of
them
a
lyttle
plate
of
golde
hangynge
at
theyr
nosethrylles
downe
vnto
theyr
lyppes
.
And
this
they
take
for
a
cumly
ornamente
.
A
she●
in
the
steede
of
a
codpiece
.
The
menne
inclose
theyr
priuie
members
in
a
shell
:
And
the
women
couer
theyrs
with
a
fyl●et
of
gossampine
cotton
tyed
about
theyr
loynes
.
In
theyr
gardens
they
noorysshe
a
frute
muche
lyke
the
nutte
of
a
pine
tree
:
the
whiche
(
as
we
haue
sayde
in
an
other
place
)
groweth
on
a
shrubbe
muche
lyke
vnto
an
archichocke
:
But
the
frute
is
muche
softer
,
and
meate
for
a
kynge
.
Also
certeyne
trees
whiche
beare
gourdes
,
wherof
we
haue
spoken
before
.
This
tree
,
they
caule
Hibuero
.
In
these
coastes
they
mette
sumtymes
with
Crocodiles
lyinge
on
the
sandes
.
the
whiche
when
they
fled
,
or
tooke
the
water
,
they
lefte
a
very
sweete
sauour
behynde
them
sweeter
then
muske
or
Castoreum
.
Crocodiles
of
●weete
sauour
.
When
I
was
sente
ambassadour
for
the
catholike
king
of
Castile
to
the
Soltane
of
Babilon
or
Alcayer
in
Egipte
,
Alcayr
or
Babilon
in
Egipt
th
inhabitantes
nere
vnto
the
ryuer
of
Nilus
toulde
me
the
like
of
their
female
Crocodiles
.
Affyrmyng
furthermore
that
the
fatte
or
sewette
of
them
is
equall
in
sweetnes
with
the
pleasaunte
gummes
of
Arabic
.
But
the
Admirall
was
nowe
at
the
length
enforced
of
necessytie
to
departe
from
hense
,
aswell
for
that
he
was
no
longer
able
to
abyde
the
contrarye
and
vyolente
course
of
the
water
,
as
also
that
his
shyppes
were
daily
more
and
more
putrified
and
eaten
throwgh
with
certeyne
wormes
whiche
are
engendred
of
the
warmenes
of
the
water
in
all
those
tractes
nere
vnto
the
Equinoctial
line
.
Shippes
eaten
with
wormes
.
The
Uenetians
caule
these
woormes
Bissas
.
The
same
are
also
engendred
in
two
hauens
of
the
citie
of
Alexandria
in
Egipt
and
destroye
the
shyppes
if
they
lye
longe
at
anker
.
Alexandria
in
Egypte
.
They
are
a
cubet
in
lengch
,
and
sumwhat
more
:
not
passyng
the
quantitie
of
a
fynger
in
bygnesse
.
The
Spanyshe
mariner
cauleth
this
pestilence
Broma
.
Broma
.
Colonus
therfore
whom
before
the
great
monsters
of
the
sea
coulde
not
feare
,
nowe
fearyng
this
Broma
,
beynge
also
soore
vexed
with
the
contrary
faule
of
the
sea
,
directed
his
course
with
the
Ocean
towarde
the
west
,
and
came
first
to
the
ryuer
Hiebra
,
Hiebra
,
distant
onely
two
leaques
from
the
ryuer
of
Beragua
,
bycause
that
was
commodious
to
harborowe
great
shippes
.
This
region
is
named
after
the
riuer
,
and
is
cauled
Beragua
the
lesse
:
Beragua
.
Bycause
bothe
the
ryuers
are
in
the
dominion
of
the
kyng
which
inhabiteth
the
region
of
Beragua
..
But
what
chaunsed
vn●o
hym
in
this
vyage
on
the
ryghte
hande
and
on
the
lefte
,
le●te
vs
nowe
declare
.
Whyle
therfore
Colonus
the
Admirall
remayned
yet
in
the
ryuer
Hiebra
,
he
sent
Bertholomeus
Colonus
his
brother
and
Lieuetenaunte
of
Hispaniola
,
with
the
shyppe
boa●es
and
threscore
and
.viii.
men
to
the
ryuer
of
Beragua
,
how
the
king
of
Beragua
enterteyn●d
the
lyeuetenaunte
.
where
the
king
of
the
region
beinge
naked
and
painted
after
the
maner
of
the
countrey
,
came
towarde
them
with
a
great
multitude
of
men
waytynge
on
hym
,
but
all
vnarmed
and
without
weapons
,
gyuinge
also
sygnes
of
peace
.
When
he
approched
nerer
,
and
entered
communication
with
owre
men
,
certeyne
of
his
gentelmen
neareste
aboute
his
person
,
rememberinge
the
maiestie
of
a
king
,
and
that
it
stoode
not
with
his
honour
to
bargen
stondynge
,
tooke
a
greate
stoone
owte
of
the
ryuer
,
wasshynge
an●
rubbynge
it
veary●
decently
,
&
so
put
it
vnder
hym
with
humble
reuerence
.
The●r
reuerence
to
their
kynge
.
The
kyng
thus
syttyng
,
seemed
with
sygnes
&
tokens
to
insinuate
that
it
shuld
be
lawful
for
owre
men
to
searche
&
viewe
al
the
ryuers
within
h●s
dominion
.
Wherfore
,
the
vi
.
day
of
the
Ides
of
February
,
leauing
his
boates
with
certeyne
of
his
coompany
,
he
wente
by
lande
a
foote
from
the
bankes
of
Beragua
vntyl
he
came
to
the
ryuer
of
Duraba
,
Golde
in
the
ry●er
of
Duraba
.
whiche
he
affirmeth
to
be
richer
in
gold
then
eyther
Hiebra
or
Beragua
.
For
gold
is
engendred
in
al
the
riuers
of
that
land
.
In
so
muche
that
emonge
the
rootes
of
the
trees
growynge
by
the
bankes
of
the
ryuers
,
&
amonge
the
stones
left
of
the
water
,
Great
plenty
of
golde
.
&
also
where
so
euer
they
dygged
a
hole
or
pyt
in
the
grounde
not
paste
the
deapthe
of
a
handfull
and
a
halfe
,
they
founde
the
earthe
taken
owte
therof
,
myxte
with
golde
:
Where
vppon
he
determyned
to
fasten
his
foote
there
and
to
inhabyte
.
Whiche
thynge
the
people
of
the
countrey
perceauynge
and
smellynge
what
inconuenyence
and
myschiefe
myght
thereof
ensewe
to
their
countrey
if
they
shulde
permitte
straungers
to
plante
their
habitation
there
,
assembled
a
great
army
,
and
with
horrible
owte
crye
assayled
owre
men
(
who
had
nowe
begoonne
to
buylde
houses
)
soo
desperately
that
they
were
scarcely
able
to
abyde
the
fyrste
brunte
.
These
nake●
barbarians
at
their
fyrst
approche
,
vsed
onely
slynges
and
dartes
:
Slynges
and
dartes
.
But
when
they
came
nearer
to
hande
strookes
,
they
foughte
with
their
woodden
swoordes
whiche
they
caule
Machan●s
,
as
wee
haue
sayd
before
.
A
man
woolde
not
thinke
what
great
malice
and
wrath
was
kyndeled
in
their
hartes
ageinst
owre
men
:
And
with
what
desperate
myndes
they
fought
for
the
defense
of
their
lybertie
whiche
they
more
esteeme
then
lyfe
or
rychesse
.
L●berty
mo●e
esteemed
them
ryches
.
For
they
were
nowe
so
voyde
of
all
feare
,
and
contemnynge
deathe
,
that
they
neyther
scared
longe
bowes
or
crossebowes
,
nor
yet
(
whiche
is
mooste
to
be
marueyled
)
were
any
thynge
discouraged
at
the
terryble
noyse
of
the
gunnes
shotte
of
from
the
shyppes
.
They
retyred
once
.
But
shortly
after
encreasynge
their
noumber
,
they
returned
more
fiercely
then
at
the
fyrste
.
They
woolde
haue
byn
contented
to
haue
receyued
owre
men
frendly
as
straungers
,
but
not
as
inhabitours
.
The
more
instante
that
owre
men
were
to
remaine
,
so
muche
the
greater
multitude
of
bortherers
flocked
togyther
dayly
,
disturbyng
them
both
nyght
&
daye
sumtymes
on
the
one
syde
&
sumtymes
on
the
other
.
The
Spanyardes
are
dryuen
to
flight
.
The
shyps
lying
at
anker
neare
vnto
the
shore
,
warded
them
on
the
backe
halfe
.
But
at
the
length
they
were
fayne
to
forsake
this
lande
,
and
retourne
backe
the
same
way
by
the
which
they
came
.
Thus
with
much
diffyculty
and
danger
,
they
came
to
the
Iland
of
Iamaica
lyenge
on
the
south
syde
of
Hispaniola
and
Cuba
,
The
Ilande
of
Iamaica
.
with
their
shyppes
as
full
of
holes
as
sieues
,
and
so
eaten
with
woormes
,
as
though
they
had
byn
bored
through
with
wimbles
.
The
water
entered
so
faste
at
the
ryftes
and
holes
,
that
if
they
had
not
with
the
paynefull
labour
of
their
handes
empted
the
same
as
faste
,
they
were
lyke
to
haue
perysshed
.
Where
as
yet
by
this
meanes
they
arryued
at
Iamaica
,
althoughe
in
maner
halfe
deade
.
But
their
calamitie
ceased
not
here
.
For
as
fast
as
their
shyppes
leaked
,
their
strengthe
dimynisshed
so
that
they
were
no
longer
able
to
keepe
theym
from
synkynge
.
A
myserable
case
.
By
reason
wherof
,
faulynge
into
the
handes
of
the
barbarians
,
and
inclosed
withowte
hope
of
departure
,
they
led
their
lyues
for
the
space
of
tenne
monthes
emong
the
naked
people
more
myserably
then
euer
dyd
Achemenides
emonge
the
gyantes
cauled
Ciclopes
:
rather
lyuing
than
beinge
eyther
contented
or
satisfied
with
the
strange
meates
of
that
Ilande
:
and
that
onely
at
such
tymes
as
pleased
the
barbarians
to
giue
them
part
of
theirs
.
The
deadly
enmity
and
malice
whiche
these
barbarous
kinges
beare
one
ageinst
an
other
,
made
greatly
with
owre
men
.
For
at
suche
tymes
as
they
attempted
warre
ageinst
their
bortherers
they
woold
sumtymes
gyue
owre
men
parte
of
their
breade
to
ayde
them
.
But
howe
myserable
and
wretched
a
thyng
it
is
to
lyue
onely
with
breade
gotten
by
beggynge
,
yowre
holynesse
maye
easylye
coniecture
:
Especially
where
all
other
accustomed
foode
is
lackynge
,
as
wyne
,
oyle
,
flesshe
,
butter
,
chiese
,
and
milke
,
wherwith
the
stomakes
of
owr
people
of
Europe
haue
euer
byn
noorisshed
euen
from
their
cradelles
.
Necessytie
hath
no
lawe
howe
farre
lyfe
is
to
bee
esteemed
.
Therfore
as
necessyty
is
subiecte
to
no
lawe
,
so
doothe
it
enforce
men
to
attempte
desperate
aduentures
.
And
those
the
soner
,
which
by
a
certeyne
nobylytie
of
nature
do
no
further
esteeme
lyfe
then
it
is
ioyned
with
summe
felicity
.
Bertholomeus
Colonus
therfore
,
intendynge
rather
to
proue
what
god
woolde
do
with
hym
and
his
companyons
in
these
extremities
,
A
daungerous
enterpryse
.
then
any
longer
to
abide
the
same
,
commaunded
Diegus
Mendez
his
steward
with
two
guydes
of
that
Ilande
whome
he
had
hyred
with
promysses
of
great
rewardes
at
their
retourne
,
to
enter
into
one
of
their
canoas
and
take
their
viage
to
Hispaniola
.
Beynge
thus
tossed
on
the
sea
two
and
fro
from
rocke
too
rocke
by
reason
of
the
shortenesse
and
narownes
of
the
canoa
,
they
arryued
at
the
length
at
the
laste
corner
of
Hispaniola
,
beynge
distante
from
Iamaica
fortie
leagues
.
Here
his
guydes
departynge
from
hym
,
returned
ageine
to
Colonus
for
the
rewardes
which
he
had
promysed
them
.
But
Diegu●
Mendez
wente
on
forward
a
foote
vntyll
he
came
to
the
citie
cauled
Sanctus
Dominicus
beynge
the
chiefe
and
heade
citye
of
the
Ilande
.
Sanctus
Dominicus
.
The
offycers
and
rulers
of
Hispaniola
,
beinge
enformed
of
the
matter
,
appoynted
hym
two
shyppes
wherwith
he
retourned
to
his
maister
and
coompanions
.
As
he
founde
them
,
soo
came
they
to
Hispaniola
,
verye
feeble
and
in
maner
naked
.
What
chaunced
of
them
afterwarde
,
I
knowe
not
as
yet
.
Lette
vs
nowe
therfore
leaue
these
particulers
,
and
speake
sumwhat
more
of
generals
.
In
al
those
tractes
whiche
we
sayde
here
before
to
haue
bynne
found
by
Colonus
the
Admyrall
,
Landes
found
by
Colonus
.
bothe
he
hym selfe
writeth
,
and
all
his
coompanyons
of
that
vyage
confesse
,
that
the
trees
,
herbes
,
Temperate
regions
and
holsome
aier
and
frutes
,
are
floryshing
and
greene
all
the
hole
yeare
,
and
the
ayer
so
temperate
and
holesome
,
that
of
all
his
coompanye
there
neuer
fell
one
man
sycke
,
nor
yet
were
vexed
eyther
with
extreme
coulde
or
heate
for
the
space
of
fyftie
leagues
from
the
great
hauen
of
Cerabaro
to
the
ryuers
of
Hiebra
and
Beragua
.
Cerabaro
.
Hiebra
.
Beragua
.
Thinhabitantes
of
Cerabaro
,
and
the
nat●ons
whiche
are
betwyxte
that
and
the
sayde
ryuers
,
applye
not
them selues
to
the
gatherynge
of
golde
but
onely
at
certeyne
tymes
of
the
yeare
:
And
are
very
experte
&
cunnyng
herein
,
as
are
owre
myners
of
syluer
and
Iren.
Experte
myners
.
They
knowe
by
longe
experience
in
what
places
golde
is
mooste
abundantly
engendred
:
as
by
the
colour
of
the
water
of
the
ryuers
,
and
suche
as
faule
from
the
montaynes
:
And
also
by
the
colour
of
the
earthe
and
stones
.
They
beleue
a
certeyne
godly
nature
to
be
in
golde
,
A
god●y
nature
in
golde
.
for
asmuche
as
they
neuer
gather
it
excepte
they
vse
certeyne
relygious
expiations
or
pourgynge
,
as
to
absteyn
from
women
,
and
all
kyndes
of
plesures
and
delycate
meates
and
drinkes
,
d●ring
all
the
tyme
that
their
golden
haruest
laste●he
.
Go●den
haruest
.
They
suppose
that
men
do
naturally
lyue
and
dye
as
other
beastes
do
,
and
therfore
honour
none
other
thynge
as
god
.
Yet
doo
th●y
praye
to
the
soonne
,
and
honour
it
when
it
ryseth
.
But
lette
vs
nowe
speake
of
the
montaines
and
situation
of
these
landes
.
From
all
the
sea
bankes
of
these
regyons
,
exceding
great
and
hyghe
mountaynes
are
seene
towarde
the
Southe
,
hyghe
●nd
greate
mountaynes
.
yet
reachynge
by
a
continuall
tracte
from
the
Easte
into
the
weste
.
By
reason
wherof
I
suppose
that
the
two
greate
seas
(
wherof
I
haue
spoken
largly
before
)
are
deuided
with
these
montaynes
as
it
were
with
bulwarkes
,
leaste
they
shoulde
ioyne
and
repugne
,
as
Italye
deuideth
the
sea
cauled
Tirrhenum
,
Ty●rhenuum
is
nowe
cauled
Tu●eane
from
the
sea
Adriatyke
,
which
is
nowe
commonly
cauled
the
goulfe
of
Uenes
.
For
whiche
waye
soo
euer
they
sayled
from
the
poynt
cauled
Promontorium
,
S.
Augustini
(
whiche
perteyneth
to
the
Portugales
&
prospecteth
ageynste
the
sea
Atlantike
)
euen
vnto
Vraba
and
the
hauen
Cerabaro
,
Cap.
S.
Augustini
.
Vraba
.
Cerabaro
.
and
to
the
furthest
landes
found
hytherto
westwarde
,
they
had
euer
greate
mountaynes
in
syghte
bothe
nere
hande
and
farre
of
,
in
all
that
longe
rase
.
These
mountaynes
were
in
sume
place
,
smooth
,
pleasaunt
and
frutfull
,
Frutful
mountaynes
.
full
of
goodly
trees
and
herbes
:
And
sumwhere
,
hygh
,
rowgh
,
ful
of
rockes
,
and
baren
,
as
chaunseth
in
the
famus
mountayne
of
Taurus
in
Asia
,
and
also
in
dyuers
coastes
of
our
mountaynes
of
Apennini
,
A●ennini
are
mountaynes
which
d●uide
Italy
lute
.ii.
partes
and
suche
other
of
lyke
byggenesse
.
The
rydgies
also
of
these
mountaynes
are
diuided
with
goodly
and
fayre
valleis
.
That
part
of
the
mountaynes
which
includeth
the
lymettes
of
Beragua
,
Beragaa
.
is
thought
to
be
hygher
then
the
clowdes
,
The
mountaynes
of
Beragua
higher
then
the
cl●udes
.
in
so
much
that
(
as
they
saye
)
the
tops
of
them
can
seldome
bee
seene
for
the
multitude
of
thicke
clowdes
which
are
beneath
the
same
.
Colonus
the
Admirall
the
fyrste
fynder
of
these
regions
,
affirmeth
that
the
toppes
of
the
montaynes
of
Beragua
are
more
then
fiftie
myles
in
heyghth
.
Montaynes
of
fiftie
miles
heyght
.
He
sayth
furthermore
that
in
the
same
region
at
the
rotes
of
the
montaynes
the
way
is
open
to
the
south
sea
,
and
compareth
it
as
it
were
betwene
Uenice
and
Genua
,
or
Ianua
as
the
Genues
wyll
haue
it
cauled
,
whiche
fable
that
theyr
citie
was
buylded
of
Ianus
.
Ianus
otherwy●e
cauled
Iaphet
,
the
son
of
Noe.
He
affirmeth
also
that
this
lande
reacheth
foorth
towarde
the
south
:
And
that
from
hense
it
taketh
the
begynnynge
of
breadth
,
lyke
as
from
the
Alpes
owte
of
the
narowe
thygh
of
Italy
,
Italy
is
lyke
vnto
a
legge
in
the
sea
,
&
the
mountaynes
of
the
alpes
,
are
in
the
thyghe
therof
.
we
see
the
large
and
mayne
landes
of
Fraunce
,
Germanye
,
and
Pannonye
,
to
the
Sarmatians
and
Scythyans
,
euen
vnto
the
mountaynes
and
rockes
of
Riphea
and
the
frosen
sea
,
and
embrase
therwith
as
with
a
continuall
bonde
,
all
Tracia
,
and
Grecia
,
with
all
that
is
included
within
the
promontorie
or
poynt
of
Malea
and
Hellespontus
southwarde
,
and
the
sea
Euzinus
and
the
marysshes
of
Maeotis
in
Scythia
northwarde
.
The
Admirall
supposethe
,
Colonus
his
opinion
of
the
suppo●ed
Continent
.
By
this
coniecture
,
the
way
shuld
be
open
to
Cathay
by
the
hiperbore●●
.
that
on
the
lefte
hande
in
saylynge
towarde
the
weste
,
this
lande
is
ioyned
to
India
beyonde
the
ryuer
of
Ganges
:
And
that
on
the
ryght
hande
towarde
the
North
,
it
bee
extended
to
the
frosen
sea
,
beyonde
the
Hyperboreans
and
the
North
pole
:
So
that
both
the
seas
(
that
is
to
meane
that
south
sea
which
we
sayde
to
bee
founde
by
Vaschus
,
and
owre
Ocean
)
shulde
ioyne
and
meete
in
the
corners
of
that
land
:
And
that
the
waters
of
these
seas
doo
not
onely
inclose
and
compasse
the
same
withowt
diuision
as
Europe
is
inclosed
with
the
seas
of
Hellespontus
and
Tanais
,
with
the
frosen
Ocean
&
owre
sea
of
Tyrrhenum
with
the
Spanysshe
seas
.
But
in
my
opinion
,
the
vehement
course
of
the
Ocean
toward
the
weste
,
doth
signifie
and
lette
that
the
sayde
two
seas
shulde
not
so
ioyne
togither
:
Looke
the
n●uigation
of
Cabote
.
deca.
iii.
lib.
vi
.
But
rather
that
that
land
is
adherent
to
the
firme
landes
towarde
the
Northe
,
as
we
haue
sayde
before
.
It
shall
suffice
to
haue
sayde
thus
muche
of
the
length
hereof
.
Let
vs
nowe
therfore
speake
sumwhat
of
the
breadth
of
the
same
,
The
breadth
of
the
lande
We
haue
made
mention
before
howe
the
south
sea
is
diuided
by
narowe
lymittes
from
owre
Ocean
,
as
it
was
proued
by
th
experience
of
Vaschus
Nun●ez
and
his
coompanions
which
fyrst
made
open
the
way
thyther
.
But
as
dyuersly
as
the
mountaynes
of
owre
Alpes
in
Europe
are
sumwhere
narowe
and
in
sume
place
brode
,
euen
so
by
the
lyke
prouidenc●
of
nature
,
this
lande
in
sume
parte
therof
reacheth
farre
in
breadth
,
and
is
in
other
places
coarcted
with
narowe
limettes
from
sea
to
sea
,
with
valleys
also
in
sume
places
,
wherby
men
may
passe
from
the
one
syde
to
the
other
.
Where
we
haue
descrybed
the
regions
of
Vraba
and
Beragua
to
bee
situate
,
The
regions
of
Uraba
and
Beragua
.
these
seas
are
deuided
by
smaule
distaunce
.
Yet
owght
we
to
thynke
the
region
which
the
great
ryuer
of
Maragnonus
runneth
through
,
The
greate
riuer
Maragnonus
.
to
bee
very
large
if
we
shall
graunt
Maragnonum
to
bee
a
ryuer
and
no
sea
,
as
the
freshe
waters
of
the
same
owght
to
persuade
vs
.
For
in
suche
narowe
caues
of
the
earth
,
there
can
bee
no
swalowinge
goulfes
of
such
bygnesse
as
to
receaue
or
nooryshe
so
great
abundance
of
water
.
The
lyke
is
also
to
bee
supposed
of
the
great
ryuer
of
Dabaiba
which
we
sayde
to
bee
from
the
corner
of
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
in
sume
place
of
fortie
fathomes
depth
,
The
great
riuer
Dabaiba
,
or
sancty
Iohannis
.
and
sumwhere
fiftie
:
Also
three
myles
in
breadth
,
and
so
to
faule
into
the
sea
.
We
must
needes
graunt
that
the
earth
is
brode
there
,
by
the
whiche
the
ryuer
passeth
from
the
hyghe
mountaynes
of
Dabaiba
from
the
East
and
not
from
the
west
.
They
say
that
this
ryuer
consisteth
and
taketh
his
encrease
of
foure
other
ryuers
faulynge
from
the
mountaynes
of
Dabaiba
.
The
ryuers
haue
their
increase
from
the
sprynges
of
the
montaynes
.
Owre
men
caule
this
ryuer
Flumen
.
S.
Iohannis
.
They
say
also
that
from
hense
it
fauleth
into
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
by
seuen
mouthes
as
doothe
the
ryuer
of
Nilus
into
the
sea
of
Egypte
.
The
ryuer
of
Nilus
in
Egypte
.
Lykewyse
that
in
the
same
region
of
Vraba
there
are
in
sume
places
narowe
streyghtes
not
passynge
fyftene
leaques
:
and
the
same
to
bee
saluage
and
withowt
any
passage
by
reason
of
dyuers
marysshes
and
desolate
wayes
,
Marisshes
and
desolate
wayes
.
which
the
Latines
caule
Lamas
:
But
the
Spanyardes
accordynge
to
theyr
varietie
,
caule
them
Tremedales
,
Trampales
,
Cenegales
,
Sumideros
,
and
Zabondaderos
.
But
before
we
passe
any
further
,
it
shall
not
bee
greatly
from
owr
purpose
to
declare
from
whense
these
mountaynes
of
Dabaiba
haue
theyr
name
accordynge
vnto
th
antiquities
of
th
inhabitantes
.
A
superstitious
opinion
of
th
originall
of
montaines
of
Dabaiba
.
They
saye
therefore
that
Dabaiba
was
a
woman
of
greate
magnanimitie
and
wysedome
emonge
theyr
predicessours
in
owlde
tyme
:
whom
in
her
lyfe
,
all
th
inhabitantes
of
those
prouinces
did
greatly
reuerence
,
and
beinge
deade
gaue
her
diuine
honour
and
named
the
region
after
her
name
,
beleuynge
that
shee
sendeth
thunder
and
lyghtnynge
to
destroy
the
frutes
of
the
earth
yf
shee
bee
angered
,
and
to
send
plentie
if
shee
bee
well
pleased
.
This
superstition
hathe
byn
persuaded
them
by
a
craftie
kynde
of
men
vnder
pretense
of
religion
to
th
intent
that
they
might
enioye
suche
gyftes
and
offeringes
as
were
brought
to
the
place
where
shee
was
honoured
.
Dragons
and
crocodiles
in
the
marishes
This
is
sufficient
for
this
purpose
.
They
saye
furthermore
that
the
marysshes
of
the
narowe
lande
wherof
we
haue
spoken
,
brynge
foorth
great
plentie
of
Crocodiles
,
dragons
,
battes
,
and
gnattes
beinge
very
hurtfull
.
Therefore
when
so
euer
they
take
any
iorney
towarde
the
south
,
they
go
owte
of
the
way
towarde
the
mountaynes
,
and
eschewe
the
regions
neare
vnto
those
perelous
fennes
or
maryshes
.
Sume
thinke
that
there
is
a
valley
lyinge
that
way
that
the
ryuer
runneth
which
owre
men
caule
Rio
de
los
perdidos
,
that
is
,
the
ryuer
of
the
lost
men
(
so
named
by
the
misfortune
whiche
there
befell
to
Nicuesa
and
his
coompany
)
and
not
far
distant
from
the
hauen
Cerabaro
whiche
diuideth
those
mountaynes
towarde
the
south
.
The
hauen
Cerabaro
.
But
let
vs
nowe
fynishe
this
booke
with
a
fewe
other
thynges
woorthy
to
bee
noted
.
They
say
therefore
that
on
the
ryght
hande
and
lefte
hande
frome
Dariena
,
there
are
twentie
ryuers
in
all
the
whiche
,
Twentie
golden
ryuers
.
greate
plentie
of
golde
is
founde
.
Being
demaunded
what
was
the
cause
why
they
brought
no
greater
abundance
of
gold
from
thense
,
they
answered
that
they
lacked
myners
:
And
that
the
men
which
they
tooke
with
them
from
Spayne
thyther
,
were
not
accustomed
to
laboure
,
but
for
the
moste
parte
brought
vp
in
the
warres
.
This
lande
seemeth
also
to
promesse
many
precious
stones
.
Precious
stones
.
For
besyde
those
which
I
sayde
to
bee
founde
neare
vnto
Cariai
and
Sancta
Martha
,
one
Andreas
Moralis
a
pylot
(
who
had
trauayled
those
coastes
with
Iohannes
de
la
Cossa
whyle
he
yet
lyued
)
had
a
precious
diamonde
which
he
bought
of
a
naked
younge
man
in
the
region
of
Cumana
in
the
prouince
of
Paria
.
a
precious
diemonde
of
ercedynge
bygnes
.
This
stone
was
as
longe
as
two
ioyntes
of
a
mans
middell
fynger
,
and
as
bygge
as
the
fyrst
ioynte
of
the
thumme
:
beinge
also
paynted
on
euery
syde
,
consistynge
of
eyght
squares
perfectly
formed
by
nature
.
They
say
that
with
this
they
made
scarres
in
anuilles
and
hammers
,
and
brake
the
teethe
of
fyles
,
the
stone
remaynyng
vnperysshed
.
The
younge
man
of
Cumana
,
wore
this
stone
aboute
his
necke
emonge
other
ouches
,
and
soulde
it
to
Andreas
Moralis
for
fyue
of
our
counterfect
stones
made
of
glasse
of
dyuers
colours
wherwith
the
ignorant
younge
man
was
greatly
delyted
.
They
founde
also
certeyne
topases
on
the
shore
.
Topases
.
But
th
estimation
of
golde
was
so
farre
entered
into
the
heades
of
owre
men
,
that
they
had
no
regarde
to
stones
.
Also
the
most
part
of
the
Spanyardes
,
The
Spanyerdes
contemne
effeminate
plesures
do
lawgh
them
to
scorne
which
vse
to
weare
many
stones
:
specially
such
as
are
common
:
Iudginge
it
to
bee
an
effeminate
thynge
,
and
more
meete
for
women
then
men
.
The
noble
men
onely
when
they
celebrate
solemne
mariages
,
or
set
forth
any
triumphes
,
weare
cheynes
of
gold
byset
with
precious
stones
,
and
vse
fayre
apparell
of
sylke
embrothered
with
golde
intermixt
with
pearles
and
precious
stones
:
And
not
at
other
tymes
.
They
thynke
it
no
lesse
effeminate
for
men
to
smell
of
the
sweete
sauours
of
Arabie
:
Sweete
sauoru●
.
And
iudge
hym
to
bee
infected
with
sum
kynde
of
fylthy
lechery
,
in
whom
they
smell
the
sauour
of
muske
or
Castoreum
.
But
lyke
as
by
one
apple
taken
from
a
tree
,
we
may
perceyue
the
tree
to
bee
frutfull
,
and
by
one
fyshe
taken
in
a
ryuer
,
we
may
knowe
that
fyshe
is
ingendered
in
the
same
,
euen
so
,
by
a
lyttel
gold
,
and
by
one
stone
,
we
owght
to
consyder
that
this
lande
bringeth
forthe
great
plentie
of
golde
and
precious
stones
.
A
similitude
prouing
great
plentie
of
golde
&
precious
stones
.
What
they
haue
found
in
the
porte
of
Sancti
Martha
in
the
region
of
Cariai
when
the
hole
nauye
passed
therby
vnder
the
gouernaunce
of
Petrus
Arias
and
his
coompany
with
certeine
other
of
the
kynges
offycers
,
The
hauen
of
Sancta
Martha
.
Cariai
.
I
haue
suffyciently
declared
in
his
place
.
To
be
shorte
therefore
,
all
thynges
do
so
florysshe
,
growe
,
encrease
,
and
prosper
,
that
the
laste
are
euer
better
then
the
fyrste
.
And
surely
to
declare
my
opinion
herin
,
The
heroical
factes
of
the
Spaniardes
.
what
so
euer
hath
here●ofore
byn
discouered
by
the
famous
trauayles
of
Saturnus
and
Hercules
,
with
such
other
whom
the
antiquitie
for
their
heroical
factes
honoured
as
goddes
,
seemeth
but
lyttell
and
obscure
if
it
be
compared
to
the
Spanyardes
victorious
laboures
.
This
I
byd
yowre
holynes
fare
well
,
desyringe
yowe
to
certifye
me
howe
yowe
lyke
these
fyrste
frutes
of
the
Ocean
,
that
beyng
encoraged
with
yowre
exhortations
,
I
maye
the
gladlyer
and
with
lesse
tediousnesse
write
suche
thynges
as
shal
chaunce
herafter
.
The
fyft
booke
of
the
thirde
decade
.
AL
suche
lyuynge
creatures
as
vnder
the
cercle
of
the
moone
bringe
forthe
any
thynge
,
are
accustomed
by
th
instincte
of
nature
as
soone
as
they
are
delyuered
of
their
byrthe
,
eyther
to
close
vppe
the
matrice
,
or
at
the
leaste
to
bee
quyete
for
a
space
.
But
owre
mooste
frutefull
Ocean
and
newe
woorlde
,
engendereth
and
bringeth
furthe
dayly
newe
byrthes
wherby
men
of
great
wytte
,
and
especially
suche
as
are
studyous
of
newe
and
meruelous
thinges
,
may
haue
sumwhat
at
hand
wherwith
to
feede
their
myndes
.
If
yowre
holynesse
do
aske
to
what
purpose
is
al
this
,
ye
shal
vnderstand
,
that
I
had
scarcely
fynysshed
the
historye
of
suche
thynges
as
chaunsed
to
Vaschus
Nunnez
and
his
coompanye
in
their
vyage
to
the
southe
sea
,
when
soodenly
there
came
newe
letters
from
Petrus
Arias
the
newe
gouernour
whom
the
kyng
had
appoynted
the
yeare
before
with
an
army
of
men
and
a
nauye
of
shippes
to
sayle
to
these
newe
landes
.
He
sygnifyeth
by
his
letters
,
that
he
with
his
nauye
and
coompany
,
arryued
all
safelye
.
Furthermore
,
Iohannes
Cabedus
(
whome
yowre
holynes
at
the
requeste
of
the
moste
catholyke
kynge
had
created
bysshoppe
of
that
prouynce
of
Dariena
)
and
three
other
of
the
chiefe
offycers
ioined
in
commission
to
be
his
assystance
,
The
bysshop
of
Dariena
.
as
Alfonsus
de
Ponte
,
Diegus
Marques
,
and
Iohannes
de
Tauira
,
confyrmed
the
same
letters
and
subscribed
them
with
their
names
.
The
nauygation
therfore
of
Petrus
Arias
,
The
nauigation
of
Petrus
Arias
.
was
in
this
maner
.
The
daye
before
the
Ides
of
Apryll
,
in
the
yeare
of
Christe
.1514
.
he
hoysed
vppe
his
sayles
in
the
towne
of
saincte
Lucar
de
Barrameda
,
Saint
Lucar
.
sytuate
in
the
mouthe
of
the
ryuer
Batis
,
,
whiche
the
Spaniardes
nowe
caule
Guadalchebir
.
The
seuen
Ilandes
of
Canaria
are
about
foure
hundreth
myles
distant
from
the
place
where
this
riuer
fauleth
into
the
sea
.
The
Iland
of
Canarie
.
Summe
thinke
that
these
are
the
Ilandes
which
the
owlde
writers
did
caule
the
fo●t●n●te
Ilandes
.
But
other
thynke
the
contrary
.
The
name
of
the●e
Ilandes
,
are
these
.
The
two
whiche
appere
fyrste
in
syght
,
are
named
Lanzelota
and
Fortisuentura
.
On
the
backehalfe
of
these
,
lyeth
Magna
Canaria
or
Grancanaria
.
Beyonde
that
is
Teurife
:
and
Gomera
sumwhat
towarde
the
northe
frome
that
.
Palma
and
Ferrea
,
lye
behynde
as
it
were
a
bulwarke
to
all
the
other
.
Petrus
Arias
therfore
,
arriued
at
Gomera
the
eyghte
daye
after
his
departure
,
with
a
nauye
of
.xvii.
shippes
and
a
.
M.
and
fyue
hundreth
men
,
althoughe
there
were
onely
a
thousand
and
two
hundreth
assygned
hym
by
the
kynges
letters
.
It
is
sayde
furthermore
that
he
lefte
behynd
hym
more
then
two
thousande
verye
pensyue
and
syghynge
that
they
also
myght
not
be
receaued
,
proferynge
them selues
to
go
at
their
owne
charges
.
He
taried
.xvi.
dayes
in
Gomera
to
th
intente
to
make
prouysyon
of
fuell
and
freshe
water
:
Prouision
of
fresshe
water
and
fuell
.
But
chiefely
to
repayre
his
shyppes
beynge
sore
brosed
with
tempestes
,
and
especially
the
gouernours
shippe
whiche
had
loste
the
rudder
.
For
these
Ilandes
are
a
commodious
restynge
place
for
all
suche
as
intende
to
attempte
any
nauygations
in
that
mayne
sea
.
Departynge
from
hense
in
the
nones
of
Maye
,
he
sawe
no
more
lande
vntyll
the
thirde
daye
of
Iune
,
at
the
whiche
he
arriued
at
Dominica
an
Ilande
of
the
Canibales
,
The
Iland
of
Dominica
.
being
distant
from
Gomera
aboute
eyght
hundreth
leaques
.
Here
he
remayned
foure
dayes
,
makinge
newe
prouision
of
freshe
water
and
fuell
,
durynge
whiche
tyme
he
sawe
no
man
nor
yet
any
steppes
of
men
:
But
founde
plentie
of
sea
crabbes
and
greate
lysartes
.
From
hense
he
sayled
by
the
Ilandes
of
Matinina
(
otherwyse
cauled
Madanino
)
Guadalupea
,
Guadalupea
,
otherwy●e
cauled
Carucuer●a
,
or
Queraquiera
.
and
Galanta
(
otherwyse
cauled
Galana
)
of
all
whiche
,
we
haue
spoken
in
the
fyrste
decade
.
He
passed
also
throughe
the
sea
of
herbes
or
weedes
,
continuyng
a
long
tracte
.
Yet
nother
he
,
nor
Colonus
the
Admyrall
(
who
fyrste
founde
these
Ilandes
and
sayled
through
this
sea
of
weedes
)
haue
declared
anye
reason
howe
these
weedes
shoulde
coome
.
The
sea
of
herbes
.
Summe
thynke
the
sea
too
be
verye
muddye
there
,
and
that
these
weedes
are
engendered
in
the
bottome
therof
,
and
so
beynge
loosed
,
to
ascende
to
the
vppermooste
parte
of
the
water
,
as
wee
see
oftentymes
chaunce
in
certeyne
stondynge
pooles
,
and
sumtymes
also
in
greate
ryuers
.
Other
suppose
that
they
are
not
engendered
there
,
but
to
bee
beaten
from
certeyne
rockes
by
the
vyolence
of
the
water
in
tempestes
.
And
thus
they
leaue
the
matter
in
dowte
:
Neyther
haue
they
yet
any
certeyne
experyence
whether
they
stycke
faste
and
gyue
place
to
the
shyppes
,
or
wander
loose
vppon
the
water
.
But
it
is
to
bee
thought
that
they
are
engendered
there
.
For
otherwyse
they
shulde
bee
dryuen
togyther
on
heapes
by
thympulsyon
of
the
shyppes
euen
as
a
beasome
gathereth
the
swepynges
of
a
house
,
and
shulde
also
lette
the
course
of
the
shyppes
.
The
fourth
day
after
that
he
departed
frome
Dominica
,
These
mountaynes
are
cauled
Montes
Niuales
or
Serra
Neuata
,
dec●de
ii
.
liber
.
i
&
.ii.
the
hyghe
mountaynes
couered
with
snowe
(
wherof
we
haue
spoken
in
the
seconde
decade
)
appered
vnto
hym
.
They
saye
that
there
the
seas
runne
as
swyftely
towarde
the
weste
,
The
swyfte
cour●e
of
the
sea
towarde
the
west
.
as
it
were
a
ryuer
faulyng
from
the
toppes
of
hyghe
montaynes
:
Although
they
sayled
not
directly
toward
the
west
,
but
inclined
sumwhat
to
the
south
.
From
these
montaynes
fauleth
the
ryuer
of
Gaira
,
The
ryuer
Gaira
.
famous
by
the
slaughter
of
owre
men
at
such
tyme
as
Rodericus
Colmenares
passed
by
those
coastes
as
we
haue
sayde
before
.
Lykewyse
many
other
fayre
ryuers
haue
their
originall
from
the
same
montaynes
.
This
prouynce
(
in
the
whiche
is
also
the
regyon
of
Caramairi
)
hath
in
it
two
notable
hauens
,
Caramairi
.
of
the
which
owre
men
named
the
one
Carthago
or
Carthagona
,
Carthago
.
and
the
other
Sancta
Martha
,
the
region
wherof
,
th
inhabitantes
caule
Saturma
.
Saturma
.
The
porte
of
Sancta
Martha
,
is
nearer
to
the
montaines
couered
with
snowe
cauled
Montes
Niuales
:
Mountaynes
couered
with
snowe
.
for
it
is
at
the
rootes
of
the
same
montaines
.
But
the
hauen
of
Carthago
,
is
more
westewarde
aboute
fyftie
leaques
.
He
writeth
marueylous
thynges
of
the
hauen
of
Sancta
Martha
,
whiche
they
also
confirme
that
came
lately
from
thense
:
Of
the
which
younge
Vesput●us
is
one
to
whom
Americus
Vesputius
his
vncle
(
being
a
Florentine
borne
)
left
the
exact
knowlege
of
the
mariners
facultie
,
Americus
Vesp●tius
.
as
it
were
by
inheritance
after
his
death
for
he
was
a
very
expert
maister
in
the
knowledge
,
of
his
carde
,
his
compasse
,
and
the
eleuation
of
the
pole
starre
with
all
that
perteineth
therto
.
This
younge
Vesputius
was
assygned
by
the
kyng
to
bee
one
of
the
maisters
of
the
gouernours
shyppe
,
bicause
he
was
cunninge
in
iudgyng
the
degrees
of
the
eleuation
of
the
pole
starre
by
the
quadrante
.
For
the
charge
of
gouernynge
the
rudder
,
was
chiefely
coommytted
to
one
Iohannes
Serranus
a
Spaniarde
,
who
had
oftentymes
ouer
runne
those
coastes
.
Vesputius
is
my
verye
familyar
frende
,
and
a
wyttie
younge
man
in
whose
coompany
I
take
great
pleasure
,
and
therefore
vse
hym
oftentymes
for
my
geste
.
He
hath
also
made
many
vyages
into
these
coastes
,
and
diligently
noted
suche
thinges
as
he
hath
seene
.
Petrus
Arias
therfore
writeth
,
and
he
confyrmeth
the
same
,
that
th
inhabitantes
of
these
regyons
tooke
their
originall
of
the
Caribes
or
Canibales
,
as
appeared
by
the
desperate
fiercenes
and
crueltie
which
they
oftentymes
shewed
to
owre
men
when
they
passed
by
their
coastes
.
Suche
stou●enes
and
fortitude
of
mynde
is
natu●●llye
engendered
in
these
naked
Barbarians
,
The
stoutnes
of
the
Barbarian●
.
that
they
feared
not
to
a●sayle
owre
hole
nauy
&
to
forbyd
them
to
coome
a
land
.
They
feyght
with
venemous
arrowes
as
we
haue
sayde
before
.
Perceauynge
that
owre
men
contempned
their
threatnynges
,
they
ranne
furiously
into
the
sea
,
euen
vppe
to
the
breastes
,
The
Canibales
feygh●
in
the
water
.
nothynge
fearinge
eyther
the
bygnes
or
multitude
of
owre
shyppes
,
but
ceased
not
continually
beinge
thus
in
the
water
,
to
cast
dartes
and
shute
their
venemous
arrowes
as
thicke
as
hayle
:
In
so
muche
that
owre
men
had
bynne
in
great
daunger
if
they
had
not
byn
defended
by
the
cages
or
pauisses
of
the
shyppes
and
their
targettes
.
Yet
were
two
of
them
wounded
whiche
died
shortely
after
.
But
this
conflycte
continued
so
sharpe
,
that
at
the
length
owre
men
were
enforced
to
shute
of
their
byggest
pieces
of
ordinaunce
with
hayleshotte
:
The
vse
of
gunnes
.
At
the
slaughter
and
terrible
noyse
wherof
the
barbarians
beynge
sore
discomfited
and
shaken
with
feare
,
thynkynge
the
same
to
be
thunder
and
lyghtnynge
,
The
generacion
of
thunder
and
lyghtnynge
.
tourned
their
backes
and
fledde
amayne
.
They
greately
feare
thunder
bycause
these
regyons
are
oftentymes
vexed
with
thunder
and
lyghtnynge
by
reason
of
the
hyghe
montaynes
and
nearenesse
of
the
same
to
the
region
of
the
ayer
wherin
such
fierie
tempestes
are
engendered
which
the
philosophers
caule
Meteora
.
Meteora
.
And
all
be
it
that
owre
men
had
nowe
dryuen
their
enemyes
to
flyght
,
and
sawe
them
disparcled
and
owte
of
order
,
yet
dowted
they
and
were
of
dyuers
opinions
whether
they
shulde
pursue
them
or
not
On
the
one
partie
,
shame
pricked
them
forwarde
,
and
on
the
other
syde
feare
caused
them
to
caste
many
perelles
,
especially
consyderynge
the
venemous
arrowes
whiche
these
barbarians
canne
direct
so
certeynely
.
Uenemous
arrowes
To
departe
from
theym
with
a
drye
foote
(
as
saithe
the
prouerbe
)
with
so
great
a
nauye
and
suche
an
armye
,
they
reputed
it
as
a
thynge
greately
soundynge
to
their
reproche
and
dishonour
.
At
the
length
therfore
shame
ouercommyng
feare
,
they
pursued
them
and
came
to
land
with
their
shippe
boates
.
The
gouernoure
of
the
nauie
,
and
also
Vesputius
doo
wryte
,
that
the
hauen
is
no
lesse
then
three
leagues
in
compasse
,
beinge
also
safe
withowt
rockes
,
and
the
water
therof
so
clere
,
th●t
a
man
may
see
pybble
stones
in
the
bottome
twentie
cubettes
deape
.
They
saye
lykewyse
that
there
fauleth
twoo
fayre
ryuers
of
fresshe
water
into
the
ha●●n
:
but
the
same
to
bee
meeter
to
beare
the
canoas
of
these
prouinces
then
anye
bygger
vessels
.
It
is
a
delectable
thynge
to
heare
what
they
tel
of
the
plentie
and
varietie
,
and
also
of
the
pleasaunt
tast
of
the
fysshes
aswel
of
these
riuers
as
of
the
sea
there
about
.
By
reason
wherof
they
founde
here
many
fyssher
boates
and
nettes
woonderfully
wrought
of
the
stalkes
of
certeyne
her●bes
or
weedes
dryed
and
tawed
and
wrethed
with
cordes
of
spunne
gossampine
cotton
.
Plentie
of
fysshe
.
For
the
people
of
Caramairi
,
Gaira
,
Cunnynge
fysshers
.
and
Saturma
,
are
very
cunnynge
in
fysshynge
,
and
vse
to
sell
fysshe
to
theyr
bortherers
for
exchaunge
of
suche
thynges
as
they
lacke
.
When
owre
men
had
thus
chased
the
Barbaryans
from
the
sea
coastes
,
and
hadde
nowe
entered
into
theyr
houses
,
they
assayled
them
with
newe
skyrmushes
,
especially
when
they
sawe
them
faule
to
sackynge
and
spoylyng
,
and
theyr
wyues
and
chyldren
taken
captiue
.
Theyr
householde
stuffe
was
made
of
great
reedes
which
growe
on
the
sea
bankes
,
Theyr
householde
stuffe
.
and
the
stalkes
of
certeyne
herbes
beaten
and
afterward
made
harde
.
The
floures
therof
were
strewed
with
herbes
of
sundry
coloures
:
And
the
waules
hanged
with
a
kynde
of
tapstry
artificially
made
of
gossampine
cotton
,
Tapstry
.
and
wrought
with
pictures
of
Lions
,
Tygers
,
and
Eagles
.
The
doores
of
theyr
houses
and
chambers
were
full
of
dyuers
kyndes
of
shelles
hangynge
loose
by
smaule
cordes
,
A
straunge
phantasy
.
that
beinge
shaken
by
the
wynde
they
myght
make
a
certeyne
rattelynge
and
also
a
whystelynge
noyse
by
gatherynge
the
wynde
in
theyr
holowe
places
.
For
herein
they
haue
greate
delyte
,
and
impute
this
for
a
goodly
ornamente
.
Dyuers
haue
shewed
me
many
woonderfull
thynges
of
these
regions
:
Especially
one
Conzalus
Fernandus
Ouiedus
beinge
one
of
the
maiestrates
appointed
in
that
office
which
the
Spanyardes
caule
Veedor
,
This
is
he
whom
Card●nus
praiseth
.
who
hath
also
hetherto
entered
further
into
the
lande
then
any
other
.
He
affirmeth
that
he
chaunced
vppon
the
fragmente
of
a
saphire
bygger
then
the
egge
of
a
goose
.
And
that
in
certeyne
hylles
where
he
trauayled
with
thirtie
men
,
he
founde
many
of
the
precious
stones
cauled
Smaragdes
,
Precious
stones
The
Smaragde
is
the
treweme●od●
calcidones
,
and
Iaspers
,
besyde
great
pieces
of
amber
of
the
montaines
.
He
also
with
dyuers
other
do
affirme
that
in
the
houses
of
sume
of
the
Canibales
of
these
regions
,
Another
kind
of
amber
is
founde
in
whales
.
they
found
the
lyke
precious
stones
set
in
golde
and
inclosed
in
the
tapstry
or
arras
(
if
it
may
soo
bee
cauled
)
wherewith
they
hange
theyr
houses
.
The
same
lande
bryngeth
foorth
also
many
wooddes
of
brasile
trees
&
great
plentie
of
golde
:
Gold
&
brasile
.
In
so
much
that
in
maner
in
al
places
they
founde
on
the
se●
bankes
and
on
the
shoores
,
certeyne
marchasites
in
token
of
golde
.
Marchasites
are
flowers
of
metals
,
by
the
colours
wherof
the
kyndes
of
metals
are
knowen
.
Fernandus
Ouiedus
declareth
furthermore
that
in
a
certeyne
region
cauled
Zenu
,
lyinge
foure
score
and
tenne
myles
from
Dariena
Eastwarde
,
they
exercyse
a
straunge
kynde
of
marchaundies
.
For
in
the
houses
of
the
inhabitantes
,
they
founde
greate
chestes
and
baskets
made
of
the
twigges
and
leaues
of
certeyne
trees
apte
for
that
purpose
,
beinge
all
full
of
gressehoppers
,
grylles
,
crabbes
,
or
crefysshes
:
snayles
also
,
and
locustes
whiche
destrowe
the
fieldes
of
corne
,
These
locustes
burne
the
corne
with
toching
and
deuoure
the
residewe
they
are
in
India
of
.iii.
foote
length
.
The
fayre
region
of
Caramairi
.
all
well
dryed
and
salted
.
Beinge
demaunded
why
they
reserued
such
a
multitude
of
these
beastes
,
they
answered
that
they
kepte
them
to
bee
soulde
to
theyr
bortherers
which
dwell
further
within
the
lande
:
And
that
for
the
exchange
of
these
precious
byrdes
and
salted
fysshes
,
they
receaued
of
them
certeyne
strange
thynges
wherin
partely
they
take
pleasure
,
and
partly
vse
them
for
theyr
necessary
affayers
.
These
people
dwel
not
togyther
,
but
scattered
here
and
there
.
Thinhabitantes
of
Caramairi
,
seeme
to
dwel
in
an
earthly
Paradise
,
theyr
region
is
so
fayre
and
frutefull
,
withowt
owtragious
heate
or
sharpe
coulde
,
with
lyttle
difference
of
the
length
of
day
and
nyght
throwghowt
all
the
yeare
.
After
that
owre
men
had
thus
dryuen
the
barbarians
to
flyght
,
they
entered
into
a
valley
of
two
leagues
in
breadth
&
three
in
length
,
extendynge
to
certeyne
frutful
mountaynes
ful
of
grasse
,
Fruteful
montaynes
.
herbes
,
and
trees
,
at
the
rootes
wherof
,
lye
twoo
other
valleys
towarde
the
ryght
hande
and
the
left
,
throwgh
eyther
of
the
which
runneth
a
fayre
ryuer
,
whereof
the
ryuer
of
Gaira
is
one
,
but
vnto
the
other
they
haue
yet
gyuen
noo
name
.
In
these
valleys
they
founde
manye
fayre
gardeyns
and
pleasaunte
fyeldes
watered
with
trenshes
distrybuted
in
marueylous
order
,
Gardens
.
In●ubres
are
nowe
cauled
Lumbardes
,
and
hetrusci
,
Tuseans
.
with
no
lesse
arte
then
owre
Insubrians
and
Hetrurians
vse
to
water
theyr
fyeldes
.
Theyr
common
meate
,
is
Ages
,
Iucca
,
Maizium
,
Battatae
,
with
suche
other
rootes
and
frutes
of
trees
,
and
also
suche
fysshe
as
they
vse
in
the
Ilandes
and
other
regions
of
these
prouinces
.
They
eate
mans
fleshe
but
seldome
,
bycause
they
meete
not
oftentymes
with
strangiers
,
except
they
goo
foorth
of
theyr
owne
dominions
with
a
mayne
army
of
purpose
to
hunt
for
men
,
Many
countreys
lefte
desolate
by
the
fiercenes
of
the
Canibales
.
when
theyr
rauenynge
appetite
pricketh
them
forwarde
.
For
they
absteyne
from
them selues
,
and
eate
none
but
suche
as
they
take
in
the
warres
or
otherwyse
by
chaunce
.
But
suerly
it
is
a
miserable
thynge
to
heare
howe
many
myriades
of
men
these
fylthy
and
vnnaturall
deuourers
of
mans
flesshe
haue
consumed
,
One
my●iade
is
ten
thousande
.
and
lefte
thousandes
of
moste
fayre
and
frutfull
Ilandes
and
regions
desolate
withowte
menne
:
By
reason
wherof
owre
men
founde
so
many
Ilandes
whiche
for
theyr
fayrenes
and
frutefulnesse
myght
seeme
to
bee
certeyne
earthly
Paradyses
,
and
yet
were
vtterly
voyde
of
men
.
Hereby
yowre
holynesse
may
consider
howe
pernitious
a
kynde
of
men
this
is
.
We
haue
sayde
before
that
the
Ilande
named
Sancti
Iohannis
(
which
th
inhabitantes
caule
Burichena
)
is
nexte
to
Hispaniola
.
It
is
sayde
that
onely
the
Canibales
which
dwell
in
the
other
Ilandes
nere
about
this
,
as
in
the
Ilande
cauled
Hayhay
or
Sancte
Crucis
,
and
in
Guadalupea
(
otherwise
cauled
Queraqueiera
,
A
miserable
hearynge
.
or
Carucuiera
)
haue
in
owre
tyme
vyolentely
taken
owte
of
the
sayde
Ilande
of
Sancti
Iohannis
,
more
then
fyue
thousande
men
to
bee
eaten
.
But
let
it
suffice
thus
much
to
haue
wandered
by
these
monstrous
bludsuckers
.
We
wyll
nowe
therfore
speake
sumewhat
of
the
rootes
whereof
they
make
theyr
breade
,
forasmuch
as
the
same
shall
hereafter
bee
foode
to
Christian
men
in
steede
of
breade
made
of
wheate
,
Breade
of
rootes
.
and
in
the
steade
of
radysshe
with
such
other
rootes
as
they
haue
byn
accustomed
to
eate
in
Europe
.
We
haue
oftentymes
sayde
before
that
Iucca
is
a
roote
whereof
the
beste
and
moste
delicate
breade
is
made
bothe
in
the
firme
lande
of
these
regions
,
and
also
in
the
Ilandes
.
But
howe
it
is
tylled
or
husbanded
,
howe
it
groweth
,
and
of
howe
dyuers
kyndes
it
is
,
I
haue
not
yet
declared
.
Therefore
,
when
they
intende
to
plante
this
Iucca
,
The
maner
of
plantinge
the
roote
Iucca
.
they
make
a
hole
in
the
earth
knee
deape
,
and
rayse
a
heape
of
the
earth
taken
owte
of
the
same
,
fashionynge
it
lyke
a
square
bedde
of
nyne
foote
breadth
on
euerye
syde
,
settynge
twelue
trunkes
of
these
rootes
(
beinge
about
a
foote
and
a
halfe
longe
a
piece
)
in
euery
of
the
sayd
beddes
conteynynge
three
rootes
of
a
syde
,
so
layde
a
slope
,
that
the
endes
of
them
ioyne
in
maner
togyther
in
the
center
or
myddest
of
the
bedde
within
the
grounde
.
Owt
of
the
ioyntes
of
the
rootes
and
spaces
betwene
the
same
,
sprynge
the
toppes
and
blades
of
newe
rootes
,
which
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
encreasynge
,
growe
to
the
byggenes
and
length
of
a
mans
arme
in
the
brawne
,
and
oftentymes
as
bygge
as
the
thygh
:
So
that
by
the
tyme
of
theyr
full
rypenes
,
in
maner
all
the
earthe
of
the
heape
,
is
conuerted
into
rootes
.
Earth
turned
into
rootes
.
But
they
say
that
these
rootes
are
not
rype
in
lesse
tyme
then
a
yeare
&
a
halfe
:
And
that
the
longer
they
are
su●fered
to
growe
euen
vntyll
twoo
yeares
complete
,
they
are
so
muche
the
better
and
more
perfecte
to
make
breade
therof
.
howe
breade
is
made
of
rootes
.
When
they
are
taken
foorthe
of
the
earth
,
they
scrape
them
and
slyse
them
with
certeyne
sharpe
stones
scruynge
for
the
same
purpose
:
And
thus
layinge
them
betwene
two
great
stones
,
or
puttynge
them
in
a
sacke
made
of
the
stalkes
of
certeyne
towgh
herbes
and
smaule
reedes
,
they
presse
them
(
as
we
do
cheese
or
crabbes
to
drawe
owte
the
iuse
thereof
)
and
so
let
them
drye
a
daye
before
they
eate
them
.
The
iuse
or
lyquoure
,
they
cast
away
:
for
(
as
we
haue
sayde
)
it
is
deadly
poyson
in
the
Ilandes
.
A
straunge
thynge
.
Yet
is
the
iuse
of
suche
as
growe
in
the
firme
lande
,
holsome
if
it
bee
sodde
,
as
is
the
whey
of
owre
mylke
.
They
saye
that
there
are
manye
kyndes
of
this
Iucca
,
wherof
su●e
are
more
pleasaunte
and
delycate
then
the
other
,
and
are
therefore
reserued
as
it
were
to
make
fine
manchet
for
the
kynges
owne
tables
.
But
the
gentelmen
eate
of
the
meaner
sorte
,
and
the
common
people
of
the
basest
.
The
fynest
they
caule
Cazabbi
,
Cazabbi
.
which
they
make
rounde
lyke
cakes
in
certeyne
presses
before
they
seeth
it
or
bake
it
.
They
saye
furthermore
that
there
are
lykewyse
dyuers
kyndes
of
the
rootes
of
Ages
and
Battata
.
Ages
and
Battata
.
But
they
vse
these
rather
as
frutes
and
dysshes
of
seruice
,
then
to
make
breade
therof
,
as
we
vse
rapes
,
radysshes
,
mussheroms
,
nauies
,
perseneppes
,
and
such
lyke
.
In
this
case
,
they
mooste
especially
esteeme
the
best
kynde
of
Battatas
,
which
in
pleasant
tast
and
tendernes
farre
exceadeth
owre
musheromes
.
It
shal
suffice
to
haue
sayde
thus
muche
of
rootes
.
Panicum
is
a
grayne
sumewhat
lyke
〈◊〉
The
Italians
caule
it
Me●●ca
.
We
wyll
nowe
therfore
speake
of
an
other
kynde
of
theyr
breade
.
We
declared
before
that
they
haue
a
kynde
of
grayne
or
pulse
muche
lyke
vnto
Panicum
,
but
with
sumwhrt
bygger
graines
,
which
they
beate
into
meale
vppon
certeyne
greate
hollowe
stones
with
the
labour
of
their
handes
when
they
lacke
Iucca
:
And
of
this
is
made
the
more
vulgar
or
common
breade
.
It
is
sowen
thrise
a
yeare
,
so
that
the
frutfulnesse
of
the
grounde
may
beare
it
by
reason
of
the
equalitie
of
the
tyme
,
whereof
wee
haue
spoken
suffyciently
before
.
he
meanethe
the
equall
length
of
day
and
nyght
which
i●
continually
in
regions
vnder
the
Equinoctial
lyne
.
In
these
regyons
they
founde
also
the
graine
of
Maizium
,
Maizium
and
sundry
kyndes
of
frutes
of
trees
diligentely
planted
and
well
husbanded
.
The
waye
betwene
the
regyons
of
Caramairi
and
Saturma
,
is
fayre
,
brode
,
and
ryghte
foorthe
.
They
founde
here
also
sundrye
kyndes
of
waterpottes
made
of
earthe
of
dyuers
colours
,
Earth
of
dyuers
colours
.
in
the
whiche
they
bothe
fetche
and
keepe
freshe
water
.
Lykewise
sundry
kindes
of
iugges
,
godderdes
,
drynkyng
cuppes
,
pottes
,
pannes
,
dysshes
,
and
platters
artifycially
made
.
When
the
gouernour
had
gyuen
commaundement
by
proclamation
,
that
th
inhabitantes
shulde
eyther
obey
the
Christian
kynge
and
embrase
owre
relygion
,
or
elles
to
depart
owte
of
their
countrey
,
they
answered
with
venemous
arrowes
.
In
this
skyrmyshe
,
owre
men
tooke
summe
of
theym
:
whereof
clothynge
the
moste
parte
in
faire
apparell
,
they
sente
them
ageyne
to
their
owne
coompany
:
But
leadyng
the
resydue
to
the
shyppes
to
thin●ent
to
shewe
them
the
poure
and
magnyfycence
of
the
christians
that
they
myght
declare
the
same
to
their
coompanions
,
therby
to
wynne
their
fauour
,
they
appareled
them
lykewyse
and
sente
them
after
their
felowes
.
Theye
affyrme
that
in
all
the
ryuers
of
these
coastes
,
theye
sawe
great
argumentes
and
tokens
of
golde
.
Golde
in
ryuers
.
They
founde
here
and
there
in
their
houses
good
store
of
hartes
flesshe
and
bores
fleshe
wherwith
they
fedde
them selues
dilycately
.
hartes
and
bores
.
They
also
,
haue
greate
plentie
of
sundry
kyndes
of
byrdes
and
foules
,
Foules
.
wherof
they
brynge
vppe
many
in
their
houses
,
summe
for
necessarye
foode
,
and
other
for
daynty
dysshes
as
we
do
hennes
and
partriches
.
Owre
men
hereby
coniecture
that
the
ayer
of
these
regions
is
veary
holsome
,
holsome
ayer
.
for
as
muche
as
sleapynge
all
nyghte
vnder
the
fyrmament
on
the
bankes
of
the
ryuers
,
none
of
them
were
at
any
tyme
offended
with
reumes
or
heade
ache
by
reason
of
any
noysome
humoure
or
vapoure
proceadynge
from
the
earthe
,
ayer
,
or
water
.
Owre
men
furthermore
,
founde
there
many
great
bothomes
of
gossampyne
cotton
ready
spunue
,
and
fardelles
of
dyuers
kyndes
of
fethers
wherof
they
make
them
selue●
crestes
and
plumes
Gossampine
cotton
.
Fethers
.
after
the
maner
of
owre
men
of
armes
:
also
certeine
clokes
whiche
they
esteeme
as
moste
cumly
ornamentes
.
They
founde
lykewyse
an
innumerable
multitude
of
bowes
and
arrowes
.
Bowes
and
ar●owes
.
Thinhabitantes
also
of
these
regions
,
in
summe
places
vse
to
burne
the
carkeses
of
their
prynces
when
theye
are
deade
,
and
to
reserue
their
bones
buryed
with
spyces
in
certeyne
hylles
.
Deade
bodies
reserued
In
other
places
,
they
onely
drye
theym
and
imbaume
them
with
spyc●s
and
sweete
gummes
,
and
soo
reserue
them
in
sepulchers
in
their
owne
houses
.
Sumwhere
also
,
they
drye
them
,
spyce
them
;
adourne
them
with
precyous
iewells
and
ouches
,
and
so
reuerently
place
them
in
certeyne
tabernacles
made
for
the
same
purpo●e
in
their
owne
palayces
.
When
owre
men
had
many
of
their
tabellets
,
braslettes
,
collers
,
and
suche
other
ouches
(
whiche
they
caule
Guanines
)
they
founde
them
rather
to
bee
made
of
laton
then
of
golde
:
Ouches
of
laton
.
Gonzalus
Ouiedus
,
sayth
that
they
gilt
maruelo●●●y
with
the
iuse
of
a
certeyne
.
herbe
.
wherby
they
suppo●e
that
they
haue
vsed
to
exchaunge
their
ware
with
summe
craftie
straungers
whiche
broughte
them
those
counterfect
ou●hes
to
defraude
them
of
their
golde
.
For
euen
owre
menne
perceaued
not
the
deceate
vntyll
they
came
to
the
meltynge
.
Furthermore
,
certayne
of
owre
buylders
wanderynge
a
lyttell
way
from
the
sea
coastes
,
chaunced
to
fynde
certayne
pyeces
of
white
marble
.
whyte
marble
.
Wherby
they
thynke
that
in
tyme
paste
summe
straungers
haue
coome
too
those
landes
,
whiche
haue
dygged
marble
owte
of
the
mountaines
,
and
lefte
those
fragmentes
on
the
plaine
.
There
owre
men
learned
that
the
ryuer
Maragnonus
descendeth
frome
the
montaynes
couered
with
snowe
cauled
Montes
Niuales
or
Serra
Neuata
:
The
great
ryuer
Maragnonus
.
This
ioyneth
with
the
myghty
ryuer
cauled
Flumen
Amazonum
,
found
of
late
.
And
the
same
to
bee
encreased
by
many
other
ryuers
whiche
faule
into
it
throughowte
all
the
lowe
and
watelye
regions
by
the
whiche
it
runneth
with
so
longe
a
tracte
from
the
sayde
montaynes
into
the
sea
:
And
this
to
bee
the
cause
of
the
greatnesse
therof
.
These
thynges
beyng
thus
brought
to
passe
,
the
gouernour
commaunded
the
trumpitour
to
blowe
a
retraite
:
Whervppon
they
whiche
were
sente
to
lande
(
beynge
fyue
hundreth
in
noumber
)
makynge
a
great
shoute
for
ioye
of
their
victory
,
sette
them selues
in
order
of
battayle
,
and
so
keping
their
array
,
returned
to
the
shippes
laden
with
spoyle
of
those
prouinces
,
and
shynynge
in
souldiers
clokes
of
fethers
,
Clokes
of
fethers
.
with
faire
plumes
and
crestes
of
variable
colours
.
In
this
meane
tyme
hauynge
repaired
their
shyppes
and
furnysshed
the
same
with
all
necessaries
,
they
loosed
anker
the
xvi
.
daye
of
the
Calendes
of
Iuly
,
directynge
their
course
to
the
hauen
of
Carthagena
,
in
the
whiche
viage
they
destroyed
and
wasted
certayne
Ilandes
of
the
Canibales
lyinge
in
the
waye
,
accordynge
as
they
were
commaunded
by
the
kynge
.
But
the
swifte
course
of
the
water
deceaued
bothe
Iohannes
Serranus
the
chiefe
Pilet
of
the
gouernours
shyppe
,
The
swyfte
course
o●
the
water
.
and
all
the
other
,
althoughe
they
made
their
boste
that
they
perfectely
knewe
the
nature
therof
.
For
they
affyrme
that
in
one
night
they
were
caried
forty
leaques
beyonde
their
estimation
.
x●
.
leaques
in
one
nyght
.
The
syxte
booke
of
the
thirde
Decade
.
HEre
muste
we
sumwhat
digresse
from
cosmography
,
and
make
a
philosophicall
discours
to
searche
the
secreate
causes
of
nature
.
For
wheras
they
al
affyrme
with
on
consent
,
that
the
sea
runneth
there
from
the
Easte
to
the
weste
as
swyftly
as
it
were
a
ryuer
faulinge
from
hyghe
mountaynes
,
Sundry
opinions
why
the
sea
runneth
with
so
swyft
course
from
the
East
into
the
west
.
I
thoughte
it
not
good
to
lette
so
great
a
matter
slyppe
vntouched
.
The
whiche
while
I
consyder
,
I
am
drawen
into
no
smaule
ambyguitie
and
doute
,
whether
those
waters
haue
their
course
whiche
flowe
with
so
contynuall
a
tracte
in
circuite
from
the
Easte
,
as
thowghe
they
fledde
to
the
west
neuer
to
retourne
,
and
yet
neyther
the
weste
therby
any
whitte
the
more
fylled
,
nor
the
Easte
emptied
.
If
we
shall
saye
that
they
faule
to
their
centre
(
as
is
the
nature
of
heuye
thynges
)
and
assigne
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
to
be
the
centre
(
as
summe
affyrme
)
what
centre
shall
we
appointe
to
bee
able
to
receaue
so
great
aboundaunce
of
water
?
The
equinoctiall
lyne
.
why
all
waters
moue
towarde
the
south
or
Equinoctial
,
●reade
Cardanus
de
subtili●
.
l●ber
.ii.
de
E●ementis
.
Or
what
circumference
shal
be
founde
weate
?
They
whiche
haue
searched
those
coastes
,
haue
yet
founde
no
lykely
reason
to
be
trewe
.
Many
thynke
that
there
shoulde
bee
certeyne
large
straightes
or
enterances
in
the
corner
of
that
great
lande
whiche
we
described
to
bee
eyght
tymes
bygger
then
Italye
,
Strayghtes
.
and
the
corner
therof
to
be
full
of
goulfes
,
wherby
they
suppose
that
summe
strayghtes
shulde
passe
through
the
same
lyinge
on
the
weste
syde
of
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
:
And
that
the
sayde
straightes
shoulde
swalowe
vp
those
waters
,
and
so
conuey
the
same
into
the
weste
and
from
thense
ageyn
into
owre
Easte
Ocean
,
or
north
seas
as
summe
thynke
.
As
by
the
strayght
of
Magellanus
.
The
north
landes
.
Other
wyll
,
that
the
goulfe
of
that
great
lande
bee
closed
vppe
:
and
the
land
to
reache
farre
towarde
the
northe
on
the
backe
syde
of
Cuba
:
so
that
it
embrace
the
northe
landes
whiche
the
frosen
sea
encompaseth
vnder
the
northe
pole
:
And
that
all
the
lande
of
those
coastes
,
shoulde
ioyne
togyther
as
one
fir●e
lande
:
Wherby
they
coniecture
that
those
waters
shulde
bee
turned
aboute
by
the
obiecte
or
resystaunce
of
that
lande
so
bendynge
towarde
the
north
,
as
we
see
the
waters
●courned
aboute
in
the
crooked
bankes
of
certeyne
ryuers
.
But
this
agreeth
not
in
all
poyntes
.
For
they
also
whiche
haue
searched
the
frosen
sea
,
The
frosen
sea
.
and
sayled
frome
thense
into
the
weste
,
do
lykewyse
affyrme
that
those
northe
seas
flow●
contynually
towarde
the
weste
,
although
nothing
so
swiftely
.
These
northe
seas
haue
byn
searched
by
one
Sebastian
Cabot
a
Uenetian
borne
,
Sebastian
Cabot
.
whom
beinge
yet
but
in
maner
an
infante
,
his
parentes
caryed
with
them
into
Englande
hauyng
occasion
to
resorte
thether
for
trade
of
marchandies
,
as
is
the
maner
of
the
Uenetians
too
leaue
no
parte
of
the
worlde
vnsearched
to
obteyne
richesse
.
The
venetians
.
He
therfore
furnisshed
two
shippes
in
England
at
his
owne
charges
:
The
viage
of
Sebastian
Cabot
from
Englande
to
the
fro●en
sea
.
And
fyrst
with
three
hundreth
men
,
directed
his
course
so
farre
toward
the
northe
pole
,
that
euen
in
the
mooneth
of
Iuly
he
founde
monstrous
heapes
of
Ise
swimming
on
the
sea
,
Frost
in
the
moneth
of
Iuly
.
and
in
maner
continuall
day
lyght
.
Yet
sawe
he
the
lande
in
that
tracte
,
free
from
Ise
,
whiche
had
byn
molten
by
heate
of
the
sunne
.
Thus
seyng
suche
heapes
of
Ise
before
hym
he
was
enforced
to
tourne
his
sayles
and
folowe
the
weste
,
so
coastynge
styll
by
the
shore
,
that
he
was
thereby
broughte
so
farre
into
the
southe
by
reason
of
the
lande
bendynge
so
muche
southward
that
it
was
there
almoste
equall
in
latitude
with
the
sea
cauled
Fretum
Herculeum
,
Fretum
herculeum
,
diuideth
Spayne
&
the
Moores
and
is
nowe
cauled
the
strayghtes
of
Marrok
.
hauynge
the
north
pole
eleuate
in
maner
in
the
same
degree
.
He
sayled
lykewise
in
this
tracte
so
farre
towarde
the
weste
,
that
he
had
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
his
lefte
hande
in
maner
in
the
same
degree
of
langitude
.
As
he
traueyled
by
the
coastes
of
this
greate
lande
(
whiche
he
named
Baccallaos
)
he
sayth
that
he
found
the
like
course
of
the
waters
toward
the
west
,
Ba●●●llaos
,
or
Terra
Baccallea●um
.
but
the
same
to
runne
more
softely
and
gentelly
then
t●e
swifte
waters
whiche
the
Spanyardes
found
in
their
nauigations
southeward
.
Wherefore
,
it
is
not
onely
more
lyke
to
bee
trewe
,
but
ought
also
of
necessitie
to
bee
concluded
,
that
betwene
both
the
landes
hetherto
vnknowen
,
there
shulde
bee
certeyne
great
open
places
wherby
the
waters
shulde
thus
continually
passe
from
the
East
into
the
weste
:
which
waters
I
suppose
to
bee
dryuen
about
the
globe
of
the
earth
by
the
vncessaunt
mouynge
and
impulsion
of
the
heauens
:
The
mouyng
of
heuen
causeth
the
sea
to
moue
.
and
not
to
bee
swalowed
vp
and
cast
owt
ageyne
by
the
breathynge
of
Demogorgon
as
sume
haue
imagined
bycause
they
see
the
seas
by
increase
and
decrease
,
Demogorgon
is
the
spirite
of
the
earth
.
to
flowe
and
re●●owe
.
Sebastian
Cabot
him selfe
,
named
those
landes
Baccallaos
,
bycause
that
in
the
seas
therabout
he
founde
so
great
multitudes
of
certeyne
bigge
fysshes
much
lyke
vnto
●umes
(
which
th
inhabitantes
caule
Baccallaos
)
that
they
sumtymes
stayed
his
shippes
.
He
founde
also
the
people
of
those
regions
couered
with
beastes
skynnes
:
People
couered
with
beastes
sk●n●
Yet
not
without
thuse
of
reason
.
He
saythe
also
that
there
is
greate
plentie
of
beares
in
those
regions
,
whiche
vse
to
eate
fysshe
.
howe
beares
take
and
eate
fysshes
of
the
sea
.
For
plungeinge
theym selues
into
the
water
where
they
perceue
a
multitude
of
these
fysshes
to
lye
,
they
fasten
theyr
clawes
in
theyr
scales
,
and
so
drawe
them
to
lande
and
eate
them
.
So
that
(
as
he
saith
)
the
beares
beinge
thus
satisfied
with
fysshe
,
are
not
noysom
to
men
.
He
declareth
further
,
that
in
many
places
of
these
regions
,
Perhappes
this
laton
is
copper
which
ho●deth
gold
.
For
latō
hath
no
myne
,
and
is
an
artificiall
metal
and
not
natural
.
Cabot
cauled
owt
of
Englands
into
Spayne
.
he
sawe
great
plentie
of
laton
amonge
th
inhabitantes
.
Cabot
is
my
very
frende
,
whom
I
vse
famylierly
,
and
delyte
to
haue
hym
sumtymes
keepe
mee
company
in
myne
owne
house
.
For
beinge
cauled
owte
of
England
by
the
commaundement
of
the
catholyke
kynge
of
Castile
after
the
deathe
of
Henry
Kynge
of
Englande
the
seuenth
of
that
name
,
he
was
made
one
of
owre
counsayle
and
assystance
as
touchynge
the
affayres
of
the
newe
Indies
,
lookynge
dayely
for
shippes
to
bee
furnysshed
for
hym
to
discouer
this
hyd
secreate
of
nature
.
This
vyage
is
appoynted
to
bee
begunne
in
March
in
the
yeare
next
folowynge
,
The
Second
viage
of
Cabot
.
beinge
the
yeare
of
Chryst
M.
D.
X●I
.
What
shall
succeade
,
yowre
holynes
shal
be
aduertised
by
my
letters
if
god
graunte
me
lyfe
.
Sume
of
the
Spanyardes
denye
that
Cabot
was
the
fyrst
fynder
of
the
lande
of
Baccallaos
:
And
affirme
that
he
went
not
so
farre
westewarde
.
But
it
shall
suffice
to
haue
sayde
thus
much
of
the
goulfes
&
strayghtes
,
and
of
Cebastian
Cabot
.
Let
vs
nowe
therefore
returne
to
the
Spanyardes
.
At
this
tyme
,
they
let
passe
the
hauen
of
Carthago
vntouched
,
with
all
the
Ilandes
of
the
Canibales
there
aboute
,
The
Ilandes
of
the
Canybales
.
whiche
they
named
Insulas
Sancti
Bernardi
:
Leauynge
also
behynde
theyr
backes
,
all
the
region
of
Caramairi
.
Heare
by
reason
of
a
sooden
tempeste
,
they
were
caste
vppon
the
Ilande
Fortis
,
The
Ilande
Fortis
.
beinge
about
fyftie
leagues
distante
from
the
enteraunce
of
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
.
In
this
Ilande
,
they
founde
in
the
houses
of
th
inhabitantes
,
many
baskets
made
of
certeyne
greate
sea
reedes
,
ful
of
salte
.
For
this
Ilande
hath
in
it
many
goodly
salte
bayes
:
by
reason
whereof
they
haue
greate
plentie
of
salte
which
they
sell
to
other
nations
for
such
thynges
as
they
stande
in
neede
of
.
Salte
Not
farre
from
hense
,
A
straunge
thynge
.
a
great
curlewe
as
bygge
as
a
storke
came
flying
to
the
gouernours
shippe
,
and
suffered
her selfe
to
bee
●easely
taken
:
which
beinge
caryed
about
amonge
all
the
shippes
of
the
nauie
,
dyed
shortly
after
,
They
sawe
also
a
great
multytude
of
the
same
kynde
of
foules
on
the
shore
a
farre
of
.
The
gouernour
his
shyppe
whiche
we
sayde
to
haue
loste
the
rudder
beinge
nowe
sore
broosed
and
in
maner
vnprofytable
,
they
lefte
behynde
to
folowe
at
leasure
.
The
nauie
arriued
at
Dariena
the
twelfth
day
of
the
Calendes
of
Iuly
,
how
Petrus
Arias
with
the
kynges
nauy
arriued
at
Dariena
.
and
the
gouernour
his
shippe
(
beinge
voyde
of
men
)
was
dryuen
a
lande
in
the
same
coastes
within
foure
dayes
after
.
The
Spanyardes
whiche
nowe
inhabited
Dariena
,
with
theyr
Capitayne
and
Lieuetenant
Vuschus
Nunnez
Balboa
(
of
whom
we
haue
largely
made
mention
before
)
beinge
certified
of
th
arryual
of
Petrus
Arias
and
his
coompanye
,
howe
Uaschus
receaued
the
new
gouernour
.
wente
foorthe
three
myles
to
meete
him
,
&
receaued
him
honorably
&
religiously
with
the
psalme
Te
deum
Laudamus
,
giuing
thankes
to
god
by
whose
safe
conducte
they
were
brought
so
prosperously
thether
to
al
theyr
confortes
.
They
receaued
them
gladly
into
theyr
houses
builded
after
the
maner
of
those
prouinces
.
I
may
well
caule
these
regions
,
Prouinces
,
whye
these
regions
are
cau●ed
pro●●●ces
.
a
Procul
victis
,
(
that
is
)
such
as
are
ouercome
farre
of
,
forasmuch
as
owre
men
doo
nowe
inhabite
the
same
all
the
barbarous
kynges
and
Idolatours
beinge
eiected
.
They
enterteyned
them
with
such
chere
as
they
were
able
to
make
them
:
as
with
the
frutes
of
those
regions
,
and
newe
breade
bothe
made
of
rootes
and
the
grayne
Mai●ium
.
Other
delicates
to
make
vp
the
feast
,
were
of
theyr
owne
store
whiche
they
brought
with
theym
in
theyr
shyppes
,
as
poudered
flesshe
,
salted
fysshe
,
and
breade
made
of
wheate
.
For
they
brought
with
them
many
barrelles
of
wheate
meale
for
the
same
purpose
.
Barrelles
of
meale
.
Here
maye
yowre
holynes
not
withowt
iuste
cause
of
admiracion
beholde
a
kynges
nauie
and
great
multitude
of
Christians
,
inhabytinge
not
onely
the
regions
situate
vnder
the
circle
of
heauen
cauled
Tropicus
Cancri
,
but
also
in
maner
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
,
habitable
regions
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
.
contrary
to
th
opinion
of
the
owlde
wryters
,
a
fewe
excepted
.
But
after
that
they
are
nowe
mette
togyther
,
let
vs
further
declare
what
they
determyned
to
doo
.
Therefore
,
the
daye
after
that
the
nauie
arriued
,
there
assembled
a
coompany
of
the
Spanyardes
th
inhabitoures
of
Dariena
,
to
the
number
of
foure
hundreth
and
fyftie
men
.
Petrus
Arias
the
gouernour
of
the
nauie
and
his
coompany
,
conferred
with
them
bothe
priuilie
and
openlye
of
certeyne
articles
wherof
it
was
the
kynges
pleasure
he
shulde
enquire
:
And
most
especially
as
concernyng
such
thynges
wherof
Vaschus
the
fyrste
fynder
and
Admirall
of
the
Southe
sea
,
made
mention
in
his
large
letter
sent
from
Dariena
to
Spayn
.
In
this
inquisition
they
founde
all
thynges
to
bee
trewew
,
herof
Vaschus
had
certifyed
the
kynge
by
his
letters
:
And
there
vppon
concluded
that
in
the
dominions
of
Comogra
,
Pocchorrosa
,
&
Tumanama
,
at
th
assignement
of
Vaschus
,
certeine
fortresses
shuld
bee
erected
foorthwith
to
th
intente
there
to
plant
theyr
colonie
or
habitacion
.
where
the
newe
gouernour
planted
his
habitation
To
the
better
accomplysshemente
hereof
,
they
sent
immediatly
one
Iohannes
Aiora
a
noble
younge
gentelman
of
Corduba
and
vnder
Lieuetenant
,
The
viage
of
Iohannes
Aiora
with
foure
hundreth
men
and
foure
carauelles
and
one
other
lyttle
shippe
.
Thus
departinge
,
he
sayled
fyrst
directly
to
the
hauen
of
Comogrus
,
The
hauen
of
Comogrus
dystant
from
Dariena
aboute
twentie
and
fyue
leagues
,
as
they
wryte
in
theyr
last
letters
.
Frome
hense
,
he
as
appoynted
to
sende
a
hundreth
and
fyftie
of
his
foure
hundreth
,
towarde
the
South
by
a
newe
and
ryghter
way
founde
of
late
,
by
the
which
(
as
they
say
)
it
is
not
paste
.xxvi.
leagues
from
the
palaice
of
kynge
Comogrus
to
the
enteraunce
of
the
goulfe
of
Sancti
Michaelis
.
Sainte
Mychaels
goulf●
The
residewe
of
the
foure
hundreth
,
shall
remayne
there
to
bee
an
ayde
and
succour
to
all
such
as
shall
iorney
to
and
fro
.
Those
hundreth
and
fiftie
which
are
assigned
to
go
southwarde
,
take
with
them
for
interpretours
certeine
of
owre
men
which
had
lerned
the
sootherne
language
of
the
bonde
men
which
were
gyuen
to
Vaschus
when
he
ouerranne
those
regions
,
and
also
certeyne
of
the
bondem●n
them selues
which
had
nowe
lerned
the
Spanysshe
tonge
.
They
say
that
the
hauen
of
Pocchorrosa
,
The
hauen
Pocchorrosa
.
is
onely
seuen
leaques
distante
frome
the
hauen
of
Comogrus
.
In
Pocchorrosa
,
he
is
assigned
to
leaue
fyft●e
men
with
the
lyghtest
shyp
which
maye
bee
a
passinger
betwene
them
:
A
passynger
shyppe
.
that
lyke
as
we
vse
poste
horses
by
lande
,
so
may
they
by
this
currant
shippe
,
in
shorte
space
certifie
the
Lieuetenaunt
and
th
inhabitours
of
Dariena
of
suche
thynges
as
shall
chaunce
.
They
entende
also
to
buylde
houses
in
the
region
of
Tumanama
.
The
palaice
of
kynge
Tumanama
,
Kyng
Tumanama
.
is
distant
from
Pocchorrosa
about
twentie
leaques
.
Of
these
foure
hundreth
men
,
beinge
of
the
owlde
souldiers
of
Dariena
and
men
of
good
experience
,
fyftie
weare
appoynted
to
bee
as
it
were
Decurians
to
guide
and
conducte
the
newe
men
from
place
to
place
to
do
their
affaires
.
Decurians
are
officers
deuided
into
●ennes
,
&c.
When
they
had
thus
sette
all
thynges
in
order
,
they
thought
it
good
to
aduertise
the
king
hereof
,
and
therwith
to
certifye
hym
that
in
those
prouinces
there
is
a
kynge
named
Dabaiba
whose
dominion
is
very
riche
in
golde
:
Kyng
Dabaiba
.
But
the
same
to
be
yet
vntouched
by
reason
of
his
great
power
.
His
kingedome
ioyneth
to
the
seconde
greate
ryuer
named
Dabaiba
after
his
name
,
The
gold
mynes
of
Dabaiba
whiche
fauleth
into
the
sea
owt
of
the
corner
of
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
as
we
haue
largely
declared
before
.
The
common
reporte
is
,
that
all
the
lande
of
his
dominions
is
ryche
in
golde
.
The
palayce
of
kynge
Dabaiba
is
fyfty
leaques
distante
from
Dariena
.
The
pallaice
of
kynge
Dabaiba
.
Thinhabitantes
saye
that
from
the
palaice
,
the
golde
mynes
reache
to
the
borthers
on
euery
syde
.
The
gold
mynes
of
Dariena
.
Albeit
,
owre
men
haue
also
golde
mynes
not
to
bee
contempned
,
euen
within
three
leaques
of
Dariena
,
in
the
which
they
gather
golde
in
many
places
at
this
presente
:
Yet
doo
theye
affyrme
greater
plentie
to
bee
in
the
mynes
of
Dabaiba
.
In
the
bookes
of
owre
fyrste
frutes
wrytten
to
yowre
holynesse
,
we
made
mention
of
this
Dabaiba
,
wherin
owre
men
were
deceaued
and
mystooke
the
matter
.
●n
erroure
.
For
where
they
founde
the
fyssher
men
of
kyng
Dabaiba
in
the
marysshes
,
they
thought
his
region
had
byn
there
also
.
They
determyned
therfore
to
sende
to
kynge
Dabaiba
,
three
hundreth
choyse
younge
men
to
be
chosen
owte
of
the
hole
army
as
moste
apte
to
the
warres
,
E●pedition
ageinst
kynge
Dabaiba
.
and
well
furnysshed
with
all
kyndes
of
armoure
and
artillery
,
to
th
intent
to
go
vnto
hym
and
wyl
hym
,
eyther
frendly
and
peaceably
to
permytte
them
to
inhabyte
parte
of
his
kingdome
with
the
fruition
of
the
golde
mynes
,
or
elles
to
bydde
him
battayle
and
dryue
hym
owte
of
his
countrey
.
In
their
letters
,
they
often
●ymes
repete
this
for
an
argument
of
great
rychesse
to
coome
,
Great
plentie
of
golde
,
that
they
in
maner
dygged
the
grounde
in
noo
place
,
but
founde
the
earthe
myxte
with
sparkes
and
smaule
graynes
of
golde
.
They
haue
also
aduertised
the
kynge
that
it
shal
be
commodious
to
place
inhabitours
in
the
hauen
of
Sancta
Martha
in
the
region
of
Saturma
,
The
regyon
of
Saturma
that
it
maye
bee
a
place
of
refuge
for
them
that
sayle
from
the
Ilande
of
Dominica
from
the
whiche
(
as
they
saye
)
it
is
but
foure
or
fyue
dayes
saylyng
to
that
hauen
of
the
regyon
of
Saturma
:
The
Ilande
of
Dominica
,
And
from
the
hauen
,
but
thre
dayes
saylyng
to
Dariena
.
Dariena
.
But
this
is
to
bee
vnderstode
in
goynge
and
not
in
returnynge
.
For
the
returnyng
from
thense
is
so
laborious
and
difficulte
by
reason
of
the
contrary
course
of
the
water
,
Difficulte
saylyng
ageynst
the
course
of
the
sea
,
that
they
seeme
as
it
were
to
ascende
hyghe
montaynes
and
stryue
ageynste
the
poure
of
Neptunus
.
This
swyfte
course
of
the
sea
towarde
the
Weste
,
is
not
so
violente
to
theym
whiche
retourne
to
Spayne
frome
the
Ilandes
of
Hispaniola
and
Cuba
:
Althoughe
they
also
do
laboure
ageynste
the
faule
of
the
Ocean
:
The
cause
wherof
is
,
that
the
sea
is
here
verye
large
,
so
that
the
waters
haue
their
full
scoope
.
But
in
the
tracte
of
Paria
,
the
waters
are
constrayned
together
by
the
bendynge
sydes
of
that
great
lande
,
and
by
the
multytude
of
Ilandes
lyinge
ageynste
it
,
as
the
lyke
is
seene
in
the
straightes
or
narowe
seas
of
Sicilie
where
the
violent
course
of
the
waters
cause
the
daungerous
places
of
Scylla
and
Charybdis
,
The
daungerous
straightes
of
Scylla
&
Charybdis
,
by
reason
of
those
narowe
seas
whiche
conteine
Ionium
,
Libicum
,
and
Tirrhenum
.
Colonus
the
fyrst
fynder
of
these
regyons
,
hath
lefte
in
wrytynge
,
that
saylynge
from
the
Ilande
of
Guanassa
,
Guanassa
.
and
the
prouynces
of
Iaia
,
Iaia
,
Maia
,
Maia
.
and
Cerabaro
,
Cerabaro
.
beyng
regyons
of
the
west
marches
of
Beragua
,
Beragua
.
he
founde
the
course
of
the
water
so
vehemente
and
furious
ageynste
the
fore
parte
of
his
shippe
whyle
he
sailed
from
those
coastes
towarde
the
Easte
,
that
he
coulde
at
no
tyme
touche
the
grounde
with
his
soundynge
plummet
,
but
that
the
contrary
vyolence
of
the
water
woolde
beare
it
vppe
from
the
bottome
.
The
vehement
course
of
the
sea
fro
the
east
to
the
west
.
He
affyrmeth
also
,
that
he
coulde
neuer
in
one
hole
daye
with
a
meately
good
wynde
,
wynne
one
myle
of
the
course
of
the
water
.
And
this
is
the
cause
why
they
are
oftentymes
enforced
to
sayle
fyrste
by
the
Ilandes
of
Cuba
and
Hispaniola
,
and
so
into
the
mayne
sea
toward
the
North
when
they
returne
to
Spaine
,
that
the
Northe
wyndes
maye
further
their
vyage
whiche
they
can
not
brynge
to
passe
by
a
directe
course
.
The
north●
wynde
But
of
the
motions
of
the
Ocean
sea
to
and
fro
,
this
shal
suffyce
.
Let
vs
now
therfore
reherse
what
they
write
of
Dariena
,
&
of
their
habitation
there
,
which
they
caule
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
,
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
,
the
fy●st
habitation
of
the
spaniardes
in
the
fyrme
lande
.
planted
on
the
sea
bankes
of
Dariena
.
The
situation
of
the
place
,
hath
no
natural
munition
or
defense
:
And
the
ayer
is
more
pestiferous
then
in
Sardus
.
Sardus
the
Ilande
of
Sardinia
,
The
Spanyshe
inhabitours
,
are
all
pale
&
yelowe
,
lyke
vnto
them
that
haue
the
yelowe
gianndyes
.
Whiche
neuerthelesse
commeth
not
of
the
nature
of
the
region
as
it
is
situate
vnder
the
heauen
.
For
in
many
regyons
beyng
vnder
the
selfe
same
degree
of
latitude
,
hauyng
the
pole
of
the
same
eleuation
,
The
variety
of
regions
lynge
vnder
one
paralel
,
they
fynd
holsome
&
temperate
ayer
,
in
such
places
where
as
the
earth
bryngeth
forth
fayre
sprynges
of
water
,
or
where
holsome
ryuers
runne
by
bankes
of
pure
earthe
without
mudde
:
but
moste
especyally
where
they
inhabyte
the
sydes
of
the
hylles
and
not
the
valleyes
.
But
that
habytation
whiche
is
on
the
bankes
of
the
ryuer
of
Dariena
,
is
sytuate
in
a
deepe
valley
,
and
enuironed
on
euery
syde
with
hyghe
hylles
:
By
reason
wherof
,
it
receaueth
the
soonne
beames
at
noonetyde
directly
perpenticular
ouer
their
heades
,
and
are
therfore
sore
vexed
by
reflection
of
the
beames
bothe
before
,
behynde
,
and
from
the
sydes
.
For
it
is
the
reflection
of
the
soonne
beames
whiche
causeth
feruente
heate
,
By
what
meanes
the
●onne
beames
are
cau●e
of
feruent
heate
.
and
not
their
accesse
or
nerenesse
to
the
earth
.
Forasmuche
as
they
are
not
passyble
in
them selues
as
dothe
manyfestly
appeare
by
the
snowe
lyinge
contynually
vnmolten
vpon
certeyne
hygh
montaynes
,
as
yowre
holynesse
knoweth
ryghte
well
.
The
soonne
beames
therfore
faulyng
on
the
montaynes
,
are
reflected
downewarde
into
the
valley
by
reason
of
th
obiecte
of
the
declynynge
sydes
of
the
hylles
,
as
it
were
the
faule
of
a
greate
rounde
stoone
rowled
frome
the
toppe
of
a
montayne
.
The
valley
therfore
receaueth
,
both
those
beames
whiche
faule
directly
theron
,
and
also
those
whiche
are
reflected
downwarde
from
euery
syde
of
the
montaynes
.
Their
habitation
therfore
in
Dariena
,
The
pernicious
ayer
of
Darien●
.
is
pernicious
and
vnholsome
onely
of
the
particular
nature
of
the
place
,
&
not
by
the
sytuation
of
the
regyon
as
it
is
placed
vnder
the
heauen
or
●●eare
to
the
soonne
.
The
place
is
also
contagious
by
the
nature
of
the
soyle
,
by
reason
it
is
coompased
aboute
with
muddy
and
stynkynge
marysshes
,
th
infection
wherof
is
not
a
lyttle
encreased
by
the
heate
.
The
vyllage
it selfe
,
is
in
a
maryshe
,
and
in
maner
a
standynge
puddle
,
where
,
of
the
droppes
faulyng
from
the
handes
of
the
bond
men
whyle
they
water
the
pauementes
of
their
houses
,
Toades
and
flees
engendered
of
droppes
of
water
,
toades
are
engendered
immediately
,
as
I
my selfe
sawe
in
an
other
place
the
droppes
of
that
water
turne
into
flees
in
the
soomer
season
.
Furthermore
,
where
so
euer
they
dygge
the
grounde
the
deapthe
of
a
handefull
and
a
halfe
,
there
springeth
owte
vnholsome
and
corrupte
water
of
the
nature
of
the
ryuer
which
runneth
through
the
deepe
&
muddy
chanel
of
the
valley
,
and
so
fauleth
into
the
sea
.
Now
therfore
they
consulte
of
remouyng
their
habytation
.
Necessytie
caused
them
fyrst
to
fasten
their
foote
heare
,
Necessytie
hath
no
●aw●
bycause
that
they
whiche
fyrst
arryued
in
those
landes
,
were
oppressed
with
suche
vrgente
hunger
,
that
they
had
no
respecte
to
chaunge
the
place
althoughe
they
were
thus
vexed
by
the
contagion
of
the
soyle
and
heate
of
the
soonne
,
besyde
the
corrupte
water
and
infectious
ayer
by
reason
of
venemous
vapours
and
exhalations
rysynge
from
the
same
.
An other
great
incommoditie
was
,
that
the
place
was
destitute
of
a
commodious
hauen
,
beynge
three
leaques
distante
from
the
mouthe
of
the
goulfe
.
The
waye
is
also
roughe
and
diffyculte
to
brynge
vyttayles
and
other
necessaries
from
the
sea
.
But
lette
vs
nowe
speake
sumwhat
of
other
particular
thynges
whiche
chaunsed
.
Therfore
shortly
after
that
they
weare
arryued
,
there
happened
many
thynges
wherof
they
had
no
knowledge
before
.
A
certayne
well
learned
phisytion
of
Ciuile
,
whome
partely
th
autorytie
of
the
bysshoppe
of
Dariena
,
and
partely
the
desyre
of
golde
had
allured
to
those
landes
,
was
so
scarred
with
lyghtnynge
in
the
nyghte
season
lyinge
in
bedde
with
his
wyfe
,
that
the
house
and
all
the
stuffe
therin
beynge
sette
on
fyer
and
burnte
,
A
hou●e
sette
on
fyer
with
lyghtnynge
,
he
and
his
wyfe
beynge
bothe
soore
scorched
,
ranne
foorthe
cryinge
and
almoste
naked
,
hardely
escapynge
the
daunger
of
deathe
.
At
an
other
tyme
,
as
certayne
of
them
stoode
on
the
shoore
,
a
great
Crocodyle
sodenly
caryed
awaye
a
masty
of
a
yeare
and
a
halfe
owlde
,
A
dogge
deuoured
of
a
crocodyle
,
as
a
kyte
shulde
haue
snatched
vppe
a
chicken
:
Tanquam
canis
e
Nilo
.
And
this
euen
in
the
presence
of
theym
all
,
where
the
myserable
dogge
cryed
in
vayne
for
the
helpe
of
his
mayster
.
In
the
nighte
season
they
were
tormented
with
the
bytynge
of
battes
whiche
are
there
soo
noysome
that
if
they
byte
any
man
in
his
sleape
,
The
byting
of
battes
.
they
putte
hym
in
daunger
of
lyfe
,
onely
with
drawynge
of
bludde
:
In
so
muche
that
summe
haue
dyed
therof
,
faulynge
as
it
were
into
a
consumption
through
the
malyciousnesse
of
the
venemous
wounde
.
If
these
battes
chaunce
to
fynde
a
cocke
or
a
henne
abrode
in
the
nyght
season
,
they
byte
them
by
the
combes
and
so
kyll
them
.
They
also
whiche
wente
laste
into
these
regions
,
do
wryte
,
that
the
lande
is
troubeled
with
Crocodyles
,
Lyons
,
and
Tigers
:
Lyons
and
tygers
,
But
that
they
haue
nowe
deuised
artes
and
ingens
howe
to
take
them
.
Lykewyse
that
in
the
houses
of
their
felowes
,
they
founde
the
hydes
and
cases
of
suche
Lyons
and
Tygers
as
they
had
kylled
.
They
wryte
furthermore
,
that
by
reason
of
the
rankenesse
and
frutefulnesse
of
the
grounde
,
kyne
,
swyne
,
and
horses
,
doo
maruelously
increase
in
these
regions
,
and
growe
to
a
muche
bygger
quantitie
then
they
whiche
weare
of
the
first
broode
.
Beastes
wer
bygger
in
the●r
kynde
,
Of
the
excedynge
hyghnesse
of
the
trees
with
their
fruites
,
of
the
garden
herbes
,
fruites
,
plantes
,
and
seedes
whiche
owre
men
broughte
from
Spayne
and
sowed
and
set
the
same
in
these
regyons
,
lykewyse
of
the
hertes
and
other
foure
footed
beastes
bothe
tame
and
wylde
,
also
of
dyuers
kyndes
of
foules
,
byrdes
,
and
fysshes
,
they
write
euen
as
we
haue
declared
in
the
decades
before
.
Careta
the
kynge
of
the
regyon
of
Cioba
,
how
the
gouernour
enterteyned
kyng
Careta
,
was
with
them
for
the
space
of
three
dayes
:
whome
when
they
had
frendly
enterteyned
and
shewed
hym
the
secreate
places
of
their
shyppes
,
their
horses
also
with
their
trappars
,
bardes
,
and
other
furnimentes
,
besyde
many
other
thinges
whiche
seemed
straunge
to
hym
,
and
had
further
delited
his
mynd
with
the
harmony
of
their
musycall
instrumentes
,
and
gyuen
hym
many
rewardes
,
they
dysmyssed
hym
halfe
amased
with
to
muche
admyration
.
Note
.
He
sygnifyed
vnto
them
,
that
their
trees
in
that
prouynce
,
of
the
planckes
wherof
,
if
shyppes
were
made
,
they
shoulde
bee
safe
from
the
woormes
of
the
sea
whiche
they
caule
Bromas
.
Broma
or
Bissa
,
are
wormes
whiche
destroy
shippes
,
Howe
these
woormes
knawe
and
corrode
the
shyppes
,
wee
haue
declared
before
.
Owre
shyppes
are
greatly
trou●eled
with
this
plage
if
they
lye
longe
in
the
hauens
of
these
regyons
.
But
they
affyrme
that
the
woodde
of
this
tree
is
soo
bytter
,
that
the
woormes
wyll
not
taste
therof
.
There
is
also
an
other
tree
peculyar
to
these
landes
:
A
venemous
tree
.
whose
leaues
if
they
onely
touche
the
bare
in
any
place
of
a
mannes
body
,
they
cause
greate
blysters
,
and
those
soo
malycious
that
excepte
the
same
bee
foorthwith
healed
with
salte
water
or
fastynge
spyttle
,
they
doo
incontynently
engender
deadely
paynes
.
They
saye
lykewyse
,
that
the
sauour
of
the
woodde
is
presente
poyson
:
Perhappes
they●
venemous
arrows
are
made
of
this
woodds
or
.
&c.
And
that
it
can
noo
whither
bee
caryed
without
daunger
of
lyfe
.
When
th
inhabitauntes
of
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
had
oftentymes
attempted
to
shake
of
the
yoke
of
seruytude
,
and
coulde
neuer
brynge
the
same
to
passe
neyther
by
open
warre
nor
yet
by
priuye
conspiraces
,
they
were
determyned
in
the
nyghte
season
to
haue
kylled
owre
men
in
their
sleepe
with
the
smoke
of
this
woodde
.
But
when
the
Christian
men
had
knowledge
hereof
,
they
compelled
the
poore
wretches
to
confesse
their
intente
,
and
punysshed
the
chiefe
autours
of
the
deuyse
.
They
haue
also
a
certayne
herbe
with
the
fauour
wherof
they
are
preserued
from
the
hurte
of
this
venemous
woodde
so
that
they
maye
beare
it
safely
.
A
preseruatiue
ageynst
poyson
,
Of
these
smaule
thynges
it
shall
suffyce
too
haue
sayde
thus
muche
.
They
looke
dayly
for
many
greater
thynges
to
certyfye
vs
of
from
the
Ilandes
of
the
south
sea
.
The
Ilands
of
the
south
sea
,
For
at
suche
tyme
as
the
messenger
whiche
broughte
owre
letters
departed
from
thense
,
Petrus
Arias
prepared
an
expedition
to
that
ryche
Ilande
whiche
lyeth
in
the
mouthe
of
the
goulfe
cauled
Sinus
S.
Michaelis
,
and
reacheth
into
the
southe
sea
,
The
ryche
Iland
cauled
Dites
,
beyng
also
lefte
vntouched
of
Vaschus
by
reason
that
the
sea
was
at
that
tyme
of
the
yeare
sore
troubeled
with
tempestes
,
as
wee
haue
further
declared
in
Vaschus
his
vyage
to
the
southe
.
Wee
looke
therfore
dayly
for
greater
thynges
then
are
hetherto
paste
.
For
they
haue
nowe
taken
in
hand
to
subdue
manye
other
prouynces
,
whiche
wee
suppose
too
bee
eyther
verye
ryche
,
or
to
brynge
furthe
summe
straunge
woorkes
of
nature
.
Iohannes
Diaz
Solistus
of
Nebrissa
(
of
whome
we
haue
made
mention
before
)
is
sente
by
the
froonte
of
the
cape
or
poynte
of
Sancti
Augustini
(
whiche
reacheth
seuen
degrees
beyonde
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
,
Cab
,
sancti
Augustini
,
Of
the
euyll
successe
of
these
viages
,
reade
decade
iii
,
Liber
,
ix
,
and
perteyneth
to
the
dominion
of
the
Portugales
)
to
th
intent
to
ouer
runne
the
southe
syde
from
the
backe
halfe
of
Paria
,
Cumana
,
Cuquibacoa
,
with
the
hauens
of
Carthag●
and
Sancta
Martha
,
of
Dariena
also
and
Beragua
,
that
more
perfecte
and
certeyne
knowledge
may
bee
had
of
those
tractes
.
Furthermore
,
one
Iohannes
Poncius
was
sente
foorthe
with
three
shyppes
to
destroye
the
Canibales
bothe
in
the
lande
and
Ilandes
there
aboute
:
An
expedition
to
destroy
the
Canibales
,
aswell
that
the
nations
of
the
more
humane
and
innocente
people
maye
at
the
length
lyue
without
feare
of
that
pestiferous
generation
,
as
also
the
better
and
more
safely
to
searche
the
secreates
and
rychesse
of
those
regions
.
Many
other
lykewise
were
sente
dyuers
and
sundry
wayes
:
as
Gasper
Badaiocius
too
searche
the
West
partes
:
Franciscus
Bezerra
,
to
sayle
by
the
corner
of
the
goulfe
:
And
Valleius
,
to
passe
by
the
mouthe
or
enteraunce
therof
to
the
Easte
coastes
of
the
goulfe
to
searche
the
secreates
of
that
lande
,
in
the
whiche
Fogeda
with
his
coompanye
had
of
late
begunne
to
plante
their
habitation
,
Fogeda
.
and
had
buylded
a
fortresse
and
a
vyllage
.
Badaiocius
departed
fyrste
frome
Dariena
with
foure
score
souldiours
well
appoynted
:
Whome
Lodouicus
Mercado
folowed
with
fyftye
:
To
Bezerra
were
also
fourescore
assygn●d
,
and
three
score
and
tenne
to
Valleius
.
Looke
.
decad.
〈◊〉
Lib.
ix
,
Whether
they
shall
arryue
at
safe
and
commodious
hauens
,
or
faule
into
vnfortunate
stations
,
he
onely
knoweth
whose
prouydence
ruleth
all
:
For
as
for
vs
men
wee
are
included
within
the
knowledge
of
thinges
after
they
haue
chaunced
.
Lette
vs
now
therfore
coome
to
other
matters
.
¶
The
seuenthe
booke
of
the
thirde
decade
.
PEtrus
Arias
the
gouernour
of
the
supposed
continente
,
was
scarsly
entred
into
the
mayne
sea
with
his
nauye
onwarde
on
his
vyage
to
Dariena
.
But
I
was
aduertised
that
one
Andreas
Moralis
a
pilot
who
had
oftentymes
ouer
runne
the
coastes
of
these
new
seas
and
the
Ilandes
of
the
same
,
The
nauigations
of
An●reas
Mo●alis
was
coome
to
the
courte
to
sell
suche
marchaundies
as
he
broughte
with
hym
frome
thense
.
This
man
had
dyligently
searched
the
tracte
of
the
supposed
continente
,
and
especyally
thinner
regyons
of
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
,
wherunto
he
was
appoynted
by
his
brother
Nicolaus
Ou●ndos
(
the
gouernour
of
the
Iland
and
chiefe
Commendatory
of
the
order
of
the
knyghtes
of
Alcantara
)
bycause
he
was
a
wytty
man
and
more
apte
to
searche
suche
thynges
then
any
other
:
So
that
with
his
owne
handes
he
drewe
faire
cardes
and
tables
of
suche
regyons
as
hee
discouered
.
Wherin
as
he
hath
bynne
founde
faythfull
of
suche
as
haue
sense
had
better
tryall
hereof
,
so
is
he
in
most
credyt
emongest
the
best
sorte
.
He
therfore
resorted
to
me
as
all
they
are
accustomed
to
doo
,
wh●che
retourne
from
the
Ocean
.
A
particular
description
of
the
Ilande
of
hispaniol●
What
I
learned
of
hym
and
dyuers
other
of
thinges
heretofore
vnknowen
,
I
wyll
nowe
declare
.
The
beginnynge
of
this
narration
,
shal
be
the
particular
description
of
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
,
forasmuche
as
it
is
the
heade
and
as
it
weare
the
principall
marte
of
all
the
lyberality
of
the
Ocean
,
and
hath
a
thousande
and
againe
a
thousande
fayre
,
pleasaunt
,
Nereides
are
nymphes
of
the
●ea
▪
he
meaneth
Ilandes
,
bewtifull
,
and
ryche
Nereides
whiche
lye
aboute
it
on
euery
syde
,
adournynge
this
their
ladye
and
moother
,
as
it
were
an
other
Tethis
the
wyfe
of
Neptunus
,
T●this
the
wyfe
of
Neptunus
and
goddesse
of
the
sea
,
enuyronynge
her
aboute
,
and
attendynge
vppon
her
as
their
queene
and
patronesse
.
But
of
these
Nereiades
(
that
is
to
saye
,
the
Ilandes
placed
aboute
her
)
we
wyll
speake
more
hereafter
.
Lette
vs
in
the
meane
tyme
declare
sumwhat
of
the
Ilande
whiche
owre
men
named
Margaritea
Diues
(
whiche
the
Spanyardes
caule
De
las
perlas
)
beyng
nowe
well
knowen
,
The
Ilande
of
Margaritea
Diues
,
and
lyinge
in
the
southe
sea
in
the
goulfe
cauled
Sinus
Sancti
Michaelis
(
that
is
)
sainte
Michaels
goulfe
.
Saincte
Michaels
goulfe
This
Iland
hath
presently
brought
to
owre
knowledge
many
straunge
and
woonderfull
thynges
and
promysseth
no
smaule
hope
of
greater
thynges
in
tyme
to
coome
.
In
this
is
founde
great
plentie
of
pearles
so
fayre
&
great
,
Great
perles
that
the
sumptuous
queene
Cleopatra
myght
haue
seemed
to
weare
them
in
her
crownes
,
chaynes
,
and
braslettes
.
Of
the
shelfysshes
wherin
these
are
engendered
,
wee
wyll
speake
sumwhat
more
in
th
ende
of
this
narration
.
But
let
vs
nowe
returne
to
Hispaniola
moste
lyke
vnto
the
earthly
paradyse
.
hispaniola
lyke
vnto
the
earthly
paradyse
,
In
the
description
hereof
,
we
wyll
begynne
of
the
imposytion
of
dyuerse
names
:
Then
of
the
forme
of
the
Ilande
,
temperate
ayer
and
benefyciall
heauen
:
And
fynally
of
the
deuisyon
of
the
regyons
.
Therfore
for
the
ryghter
pronunsyation
to
the
names
,
yowre
holynesse
muste
vnderstande
that
they
are
pronounced
with
th
accent
,
as
yowe
may
know
by
the
verge
sette
ouer
the
heddes
of
the
vowels
,
as
in
the
name
of
the
Ilande
Matinino
,
where
the
accente
is
in
the
last
vowell
,
and
the
lyke
to
be
vnderstoode
in
all
other
names
.
They
saye
therfore
,
that
the
fyrste
inhabitours
of
the
Iland
were
transported
in
their
Canoas
(
that
is
boates
made
of
one
hole
pyece
of
woodde
)
from
the
Ilande
of
M●tinino
,
The
fy●st
inhabitours
of
hi●paniola
beynge
lyke
banysshed
men
dryuen
from
thense
by
reason
of
certaine
contrary
factions
and
diuisyons
emonge
them selues
,
lyke
as
wee
reade
howe
Dardanus
came
from
Corytho
,
Dardanus
.
and
Teuerus
from
Creta
into
Asia
,
Teu●rus
.
and
that
the
regyon
where
they
placed
their
habitation
,
was
afterwarde
cauled
Troianum
.
Troianum
.
The
lyke
wee
reade
howe
the
Tirians
and
Sidonians
arryued
with
their
nauye
in
Libya
by
the
fabulous
conduction
of
Dido
.
T●rians
,
Sidonians
:
These
Matininans
in
like
maner
beynge
banysshed
from
their
owne
countrey
,
planted
their
fyrste
habytation
in
that
parte
of
the
Iland
of
Hispaniola
whiche
they
caule
Cabonao
,
vpon
the
banke
of
the
ryuer
named
Bahaboni
:
As
is
redde
in
the
begynnynge
of
the
Romaynes
that
Eneas
of
Troye
aryued
in
the
region
of
Italy
cauled
Latium
vppon
the
bankes
of
the
ryuer
of
Tiber
.
Eneas
.
Latium
.
Within
the
mouthe
of
the
ryuer
of
Bahaboni
,
lyeth
an
Ilande
where
it
is
sayde
that
th
inhabitauntes
buylded
their
fyrste
howse
whiche
they
named
Camoteia
.
This
howse
they
consecrated
shortely
after
,
and
honoured
the
same
reuerently
with
continual
gyftes
and
monumentes
,
euen
vntyl
the
commynge
of
owre
men
,
lyke
as
the
Christians
haue
euer
relygyously
honoured
Ierusalem
the
fountayne
and
oryginall
of
owre
faythe
:
hierusalem
As
also
the
Turkes
attribute
the
lyke
to
the
cytie
of
Mecha
in
Araby
,
Mecha
.
and
th
inhabytantes
of
the
fortunate
Ilandes
(
cauled
the
Ilandes
of
Canarye
)
to
Tyrma
buylded
vppon
a
hyghe
rocke
from
the
whiche
many
were
wounte
with
ioyfull
myndes
and
songes
to
caste
them selues
downe
headlonge
,
The
Ilandes
of
Canarie
,
beyng
persuaded
by
their
priestes
that
the
soules
of
all
suche
as
so
dyd
for
the
loue
of
Tyrma
,
shulde
therby
enioye
eternall
felycity
.
The
conquerours
of
the
Ilandes
of
Canarie
,
founde
them
yet
remaynyng
in
that
superstition
,
euen
vntyll
owre
tyme
:
Nor
yet
is
the
memory
of
their
sacrifyces
vtterly
worne
awaye
:
The
rocke
also
reserueth
the
owlde
name
vnto
this
daye
.
I
haue
also
learned
of
late
,
that
there
yet
remayneth
in
the
Ilande
summe
of
the
faction
of
Betanchor
the
Frenshe
man
and
fyrste
that
broughte
the
Ilandes
Betanchor
,
a
Frenchman
,
to
good
culture
and
ciuilitie
beyng
therto
lycenced
by
the
kynge
of
Castile
as
I
haue
sayde
before
.
These
doo
yet
(
for
the
moste
parte
)
obserue
bothe
the
language
and
maners
of
the
Frenshemen
,
although
the
eyres
and
successours
of
Betanchor
,
had
soulde
the
two
subdued
Ilandes
to
certeyne
men
of
Castile
.
Yet
th
inhabitours
whiche
succeded
Betanchor
,
and
buylded
them
houses
and
encreased
their
families
there
,
do
contynue
to
this
daye
:
And
lyue
quietly
and
pleasauntly
with
the
Spanyardes
,
not
greued
with
the
sharpe
coulde
of
Fraunce
.
But
lette
vs
nowe
returne
to
th
inhabitauntes
of
Matinino
and
Hispaniola
.
The
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
was
fyrste
named
by
the
fyrste
inhabitours
,
The
fyrst
names
of
hispaniola
.
Quizqueia
,
and
then
Haiti
.
And
this
not
by
chaunce
,
or
at
the
pleasure
of
suche
as
diuised
these
names
,
but
of
credulitie
and
belefe
of
summe
great
effecte
.
For
Quizqueia
,
is
as
muche
to
saye
as
a
great
thinge
:
And
that
so
greate
that
none
maye
bee
greater
.
They
interprete
also
,
that
Quizqueia
sygnifyeth
,
large
,
vniuersall
,
or
al
,
in
like
signification
as
the
Greekes
named
their
god
cauled
Pan
:
Pan.
Bycause
that
for
the
greatnes
therof
,
these
symple
soules
supposed
it
to
bee
the
hole
worlde
:
And
that
the
soonne
beames
gaue
lyghte
to
none
other
worlde
but
onely
to
this
Ilande
with
the
other
adiacente
aboute
the
same
:
And
thervppon
thoughte
it
most
woorthy
to
bee
cauled
great
,
as
the
greatest
of
all
other
knowen
to
them
.
Haiti
is
as
muche
to
saye
by
interpretation
,
as
roughe
,
sharpe
,
or
craggie
.
But
by
a
fyguratiue
speache
cauled
denomination
(
wherby
the
hole
is
named
by
part
)
they
named
the
hole
Iland
Haiti
(
that
is
)
roughe
:
For
as
muche
as
in
many
places
the
face
of
this
Iland
is
rough
b●
reason
of
the
craggie
montaynes
,
The
roughnesse
of
hispaniola
horrible
thicke
wooddes
,
and
terrible
darke
and
diepe
valleys
enuyroned
with
great
and
highe
montaynes
,
althoughe
it
bee
in
manye
other
places
exceadynge
bewtifull
and
florysshynge
.
Here
muste
wee
sumwhat
digresse
from
th
order
we
are
entered
into
.
Perhappes
your
holynesse
wyll
maruell
by
what
meanes
these
symple
men
shoulde
of
soo
longe
contynuance
beare
in
minde
suche
principles
,
where
as
they
haue
no
knowledge
of
letters
.
So
it
is
therfore
,
that
from
the
beginninge
,
their
princes
haue
euer
byn
accustomed
to
committe
their
children
to
the
gouernaunce
of
their
wise
men
whiche
they
caule
Boitios
,
to
bee
instructed
in
knowledge
,
The
maner
of
lernynge
.
and
to
beare
in
memorie
suche
thynges
as
they
lerne
.
They
gyue
them selues
chieflye
to
two
thynges
:
As
generally
to
lerne
th
originall
and
successe
of
thynges
:
And
particularlye
to
reherse
the
noble
factes
of
their
graundefathers
great
graundefathers
and
auncestours
aswell
in
peace
as
in
warre
.
These
two
thynges
they
haue
of
owlde
tyme
composed
in
certeyne
myters
and
ballettes
in
their
language
.
These
rhymes
or
ballettes
,
Ballets
and
rhymes
.
they
caule
Ar●itos
.
And
as
owre
mynstrelles
are
accustomed
too
synge
to
the
harpe
or
lute
,
so
doo
they
in
lyke
maner
synge
these
songes
and
daunce
to
the
same
,
playinge
on
tymbrelles
made
of
shels
of
certen
fysshes
.
These
tymbrels
they
caule
Maguei
.
They
haue
also
songes
and
ballettes
of
loue
:
And
other
of
lamentations
and
moornyng
:
Singing
and
daunceing
.
Soonges
of
loue
and
moornynge
.
Summe
also
to
encorage
them
to
the
warres
,
with
euery
of
them
their
tewnes
agreable
to
the
matter
.
They
exercyse
theym selues
muche
in
daunceinge
,
wherin
they
are
verye
actyue
and
of
greater
agilitie
then
owre
men
,
by
reason
they
gyue
them selues
to
nothyng
so
muche
,
and
are
not
hyndered
with
apparell
whiche
is
also
the
cause
of
their
swiftenesse
of
foote
.
In
their
ballettes
lefte
them
of
their
auncestours
,
they
haue
prophecies
of
the
comminge
of
owre
men
into
their
countrey
.
These
they
synge
with
moornyng
and
as
it
were
with
gronyng
,
Prophesies
,
bewayle
the
losse
of
their
lybertie
and
seruitude
.
For
these
prophecies
make
mention
that
there
shoulde
coome
into
the
Ilande
Maguacochios
,
Note
that
is
,
men
clothed
in
apparell
,
and
armed
with
suche
swoordes
as
shulde
cutte
a
man
in
sunder
at
one
stroke
:
vnder
whose
yoke
their
posteritie
shulde
bee
subdued
.
And
here
I
do
not
maruell
that
their
predicessours
coulde
prophecye
of
the
seruitude
and
bondage
of
their
successyon
,
if
it
bee
trewe
that
is
sayd
of
the
familiaritie
they
haue
with
spirites
whiche
appeare
to
them
in
the
night
,
Theyr
familiaritie
with
spirites
wherof
we
haue
largely
made
mention
in
the
nynth
booke
of
the
first
decade
,
where
also
wee
haue
entreated
of
their
Zemes
(
that
is
)
their
Idoles
and
Images
of
diuelles
whiche
they
honoured
.
The
deuyl
is
dryuen
awaye
by
baptisme
But
they
saye
that
sence
these
Zemes
were
taken
awaye
by
the
Christians
,
the
spirites
haue
no
more
appeared
.
Owre
men
ascribe
this
to
the
sygne
of
the
crosse
wherwith
they
defende
theym selues
from
suche
spirites
.
For
they
are
nowe
all
clensed
and
sanctifyed
by
the
water
of
bapt●me
wherby
they
haue
renounced
the
deuel
and
are
consecrated
the
holy
members
of
Christ
.
They
are
vniuersally
studyous
to
knowe
the
boundes
and
lymettes
of
their
regions
and
kingdomes
:
And
especially
their
Mitaini
(
that
is
)
noble
men
.
So
that
euen
they
are
not
vtterlye
ignorante
in
the
surueyinge
of
their
landes
.
Surueyers
The
common
people
haue
none
other
care
then
of
settynge
,
sowynge
,
and
plantynge
.
They
are
mooste
experte
fysshers
,
They
lyue
as
much
in
the
water
as
on
the
lande
by
reason
that
throughowte
the
hole
yeare
,
they
are
accustomed
daylye
to
plounge
them selues
in
the
ryuers
,
so
that
in
maner
they
lyue
no
lesse
in
the
water
then
on
the
lande
.
They
are
also
giuen
to
huntynge
.
For
(
as
I
haue
sayde
before
)
they
haue
twoo
kyndes
of
foure
footed
beastes
,
wherof
the
one
is
lyttle
cunnes
cauled
Vtias
,
and
the
other
Serpentes
named
Iuannas
,
Serpentes
muche
lyke
vnto
Crocodiles
,
A
Crocodile
is
much
lyke
to
owr
ewte
or
Lyserte
of
eyght
foote
length
,
of
moste
pleasaunte
taste
,
and
lyuynge
on
the
lande
.
All
the
Ilandes
nooryshe
innumerable
byrdes
and
foules
:
Byrdes
and
foules
As
stocke
doues
,
duckes
,
geese
,
hearons
,
bysyde
nolesse
number
of
popingiais
then
sparowes
with
vs
.
Popingayes
Euery
kynge
hath
his
subiectes
diuided
to
sundrye
affaires
:
As
summe
to
huntynge
,
other
to
fysshynge
,
and
other
summe
to
husbandrye
.
But
let
vs
now
returne
to
speake
further
of
the
names
.
We
haue
sayde
that
Quizqueia
and
Haiti
,
were
the
oulde
names
of
this
Ilande
.
The
hole
Ilande
was
also
cauled
Cipanga
of
the
region
of
the
montaynes
aboundynge
with
golde
:
Cipanga
.
Lyke
as
owre
anciente
poetes
cauled
all
Italye
Latium
of
parte
therof
.
Italy
cauled
Latium
Therfore
as
they
cauled
Ausonia
and
Hesperia
,
Italie
,
euen
soo
by
the
names
of
Quizqueia
,
Haiti
,
and
Cipanga
,
they
vnderstode
the
hole
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
.
Owre
men
dyd
fyrste
name
it
Isabella
of
queene
Helisabeth
whiche
in
the
Spanyshe
tounge
is
cauled
Isabella
:
Isabella
And
so
named
it
of
the
fyrst
Colonie
where
they
planted
their
habitation
vpon
the
banke
nere
vnto
the
sea
on
the
Northe
syde
of
the
Ilande
,
as
wee
haue
further
declared
in
the
fyrste
decade
.
But
of
the
names
,
this
shall
suffyce
.
Lette
vs
nowe
therfore
speake
of
the
forme
of
the
Ilande
.
The
forme
of
the
Ilande
of
hispaniola
They
whiche
fyrste
ouer
ranne
it
,
described
it
vnto
me
to
bee
lyke
the
leafe
of
a
chestnutte
tree
,
with
a
goulfe
towarde
the
west
syde
,
lyinge
open
ageynst
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
.
But
the
experte
shyppe
mayster
Andreas
Moralis
,
broughte
me
the
forme
therof
sumwhat
differynge
from
that
.
For
from
bothe
the
corners
,
as
from
the
Easte
angle
and
the
West
,
he
described
it
to
be
indented
and
eaten
with
many
great
goulfes
,
and
the
corners
to
reache
foorthe
verye
farre
:
and
placeth
manye
large
and
safe
hauens
in
the
great
goulfe
on
the
East
syde
.
But
I
trust
shortely
soo
to
trauayle
further
herein
,
that
a
perfecte
carde
of
the
particular
description
of
Hispaniola
maye
bee
sente
vnto
yowre
holynesse
.
A
particular
carde
of
hispaniola
.
For
they
haue
nowe
drawne
the
Geographicall
description
therof
in
cardes
,
euen
as
yowre
holynesse
hath
seene
the
forme
and
sytuation
of
Spayne
and
Italye
with
their
montaines
,
valleyes
,
ryuers
,
cities
,
and
colonies
.
Lette
vs
therfore
without
shamfastnesse
compare
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
to
Italie
,
hispaniola
compared
to
Italie
,
sumtyme
the
heade
and
queene
of
the
hole
worlde
.
For
if
wee
consyder
the
quantitie
,
it
shal
bee
founde
lyttle
lesse
,
and
muche
more
frutefull
.
It
reacheth
from
the
Easte
into
the
Weste
,
fyue
hundreth
and
fortye
myles
accordynge
to
the
computation
of
the
later
searchers
:
Althoughe
the
Admyrall
sumwhat
increased
this
number
as
wee
haue
sayde
in
the
fyrste
decade
.
It
is
in
breadth
summe
where
,
almoste
three
hundreth
myles
:
And
in
summe
places
narower
where
the
corners
are
extended
.
But
it
is
suerlye
muche
more
blessed
and
fortunate
then
Italie
:
The
temperature
of
hispaniola
.
Beynge
for
the
mooste
parte
therof
so
temperate
and
florysshynge
,
that
it
is
neyther
vexed
with
sharppe
coulde
,
nor
afflycted
with
immoderate
heate
.
It
hath
bothe
the
steyinges
or
conuersyons
of
the
soonne
(
cauled
Solstitia
)
in
maner
equall
with
the
Equinoctiall
,
The
equinoctiall
.
with
lyttle
difference
betwene
the
length
of
the
daye
and
nyghte
throughout
all
the
yeare
.
For
on
the
the
south
syde
,
the
day
ascendeth
scarcely
an
houre
in
length
aboue
the
nyghte
,
or
contrary
wyse
.
But
the
dyfference
is
more
on
the
northe
syde
.
Coulde
accidentall
,
and
not
by
the
sytuation
of
the
region
,
Yet
are
there
summe
regions
in
the
Ilande
in
the
whiche
the
coulde
is
of
sum
force
.
But
yowre
holynesse
muste
vnderstonde
this
to
bee
incident
by
reason
of
the
obiecte
or
nearenesse
of
the
mountaines
,
as
wee
wyl
more
largely
declare
hereafter
.
Yet
is
not
this
coulde
so
pearcynge
or
sharpe
,
that
th
inhabitantes
are
molested
with
snowe
or
bytynge
froste
.
In
other
places
,
the
Ilande
enioyeth
perpetuall
springe
tyme
,
and
is
fortunate
with
contynuall
soomer
and
haruest
.
Perpetuall
●pringe
and
●oomer
,
The
trees
floryshe
there
all
the
hole
yeare
:
And
the
medowes
contynue
alway
greene
.
All
thynges
are
exceadynge
fortunate
,
and
growe
to
great
perfection
.
How
wonderfully
all
garden
herbes
and
frutes
doo
encrease
,
Maruelous
frutfulnes
soo
that
within
the
space
of
syxtene
dayes
after
the
seede
is
sowne
,
al
herbes
of
smaule
steames
,
as
lettesse
,
borage
,
radyshe
,
and
suche
other
,
coome
to
their
full
rypenesse
:
And
also
howe
herbes
of
the
bygger
sorte
,
as
gourdes
,
melones
,
cucumers
,
pompons
,
citrous
,
and
suche
other
,
coome
to
their
perfection
in
the
space
of
thirtie
dayes
,
wee
haue
sufficiently
declared
elles
where
.
Of
the
beastes
transported
out
of
Spaine
thether
,
Beastes
wee
haue
sayde
howe
they
growe
too
a
muche
greater
kynde
:
In
so
muche
that
when
they
faule
into
communication
of
the
oxen
or
kyne
,
they
compare
them
in
bignesse
to
elephantes
,
and
swyne
to
mules
:
Oxen
and
swyne
of
exceadyng
bygnesse
,
But
this
sumwhat
by
an
excessyue
kynde
of
speache
.
Wee
haue
also
made
mention
how
their
swynes
flesshe
is
more
sauourye
and
of
farre
better
and
more
pleasaunte
taste
and
more
holsome
then
owres
,
by
reason
they
are
fedde
with
the
frutes
of
Myrobalane
trees
,
Swyne
fed
with
Myrobalanes
and
other
pleasaunte
and
nurysshynge
fruites
of
that
contrey
,
whiche
growe
there
of
them selues
,
as
do
with
vs
beeches
,
holly
,
&
okes
.
Uynes
woolde
also
prosper
there
with
maruelous
encrease
,
Uines
if
they
had
any
regard
to
the
plantinge
therof
.
The
lyke
encrease
commeth
of
wheate
if
it
be
sowen
vppon
the
mountaynes
where
the
colde
is
of
sume
strength
:
wheate
but
not
in
the
playnes
,
by
reason
of
to
much
fatnes
and
rankenes
of
the
grownde
.
It
is
in
maner
incredible
to
heare
,
that
an
eare
of
wheate
shuld
bee
bygger
then
a
mans
arme
in
the
brawne
,
An
eare
of
wheate
as
byg
as
a
mans
arme
in
the
brawne
and
more
then
a
spanne
in
length
,
bearynge
also
more
then
a
thousande
graynes
,
as
they
all
confesse
with
one
voyce
,
and
ernes●ly
affirme
the
same
with
othes
.
Yet
they
say
the
bread
of
the
Ilande
(
cauled
Cazabbi
made
of
the
roote
of
Iucca
,
The
bread
of
the
Ilande
.
to
bee
more
holsome
,
because
it
is
of
easyer
digestion
,
and
is
cultured
with
lesse
labour
and
greater
increase
.
The
residue
of
the
tyme
which
they
spende
not
en
settynge
and
plantynge
,
they
bestowe
in
gatheringe
of
golde
.
Golde
,
They
haue
nowe
suche
plentie
of
foure
footed
beasts
,
Great
plentie
of
cattayle
,
that
horses
and
oxe
hydes
with
sheepe
skynnes
and
goate
skyns
and
such
other
,
are
brought
from
thense
into
Spayne
:
So
that
nowe
the
doughter
in
many
thynges
helpeth
and
succurreth
her
mother
.
Of
the
trees
of
brasile
,
Brasile
,
spices
,
the
graine
which
coloureth
scarlet
in
bright
shinynge
redde
,
mastix
,
Mastyx
,
gossampine
cotton
,
Gossampine
the
precious
metall
cauled
Electrum
,
Electrum
.
and
such
other
commodities
of
this
Ilande
,
we
haue
spoken
sufficiently
before
.
What
therefore
can
chaunce
more
happy
vnto
man
vpon
the
earth
,
then
there
to
lyue
where
he
neede
not
to
bee
dryuen
to
close
chaumbers
with
sharpe
coulde
or
fayntynge
heate
?
Incommodities
of
intemperat
regions
Nor
yet
in
wynter
eyther
to
bee
laden
with
heauy
apparell
,
or
to
burne
the
shinnes
with
continual
syttyng
at
the
fyer
,
which
thynges
make
men
oulde
in
short
tyme
by
resoluinge
the
natural
heate
,
wher
of
a
thousande
diseases
insue
.
holsome
ayer
and
water
They
also
affirme
the
ayer
to
bee
very
healthfull
:
and
the
waters
of
the
ryuers
to
bee
no
lesse
holsome
,
as
they
whiche
haue
theyr
continuall
course
through
the
earth
of
the
golden
mynes
.
Golde
euery where
For
there
is
in
maner
no
ryuer
,
no
mountaynes
,
and
but
fewe
playnes
that
are
vtterly
without
golde
.
But
let
vs
nowe
at
the
length
coome
to
the
particular
description
of
the
inner
partes
of
this
blessed
Ilande
.
The
description
of
the
inner
partes
of
●he
Ilande
,
We
haue
before
declared
howe
it
is
in
maner
equally
diuided
with
foure
greate
ryuers
descendynge
frome
hygh
mountaynes
:
wherof
that
which
runneth
towarde
the
East
,
is
cauled
Iunna
,
as
that
towarde
the
West
is
named
Attibunicus
:
The
thyrde
is
Naiba
or
Haiba
which
runneth
Southwarde
:
The
fourth
is
cauled
Iache
,
and
fauleth
towarde
the
North
.
But
this
shippe
master
,
hath
brought
an
other
description
obserued
of
th
inhabitantes
from
the
begynnynge
.
Let
vs
therfore
diuide
the
hole
Ilande
into
fiue
partes
,
caulynge
the
regions
of
euery
prouince
by
theyr
owlde
names
:
and
fynally
make
mention
of
suche
thynges
as
are
woorthye
memory
in
euery
of
them
.
The
begynninge
of
the
Ilande
on
the
East
syde
,
is
conteyned
in
the
prouince
named
Caizcimu
:
so
named
for
that
in
theyr
language
Cimu
,
signifieth
the
front
or
begynnynge
of
any
thynge
.
After
this
,
foloweth
the
prouince
of
Huhabo
,
and
then
Caihabo
.
The
fourth
is
Bainoa
,
Guaccaiarima
conteyneth
the
west
corner
.
But
the
last
saue
one
,
Bainoa
is
of
larger
boundes
then
the
three
other
.
Caizcimu
reachethe
from
the
fyrst
fronte
of
the
Ilande
to
the
ryuer
Hozama
,
whiche
runneth
by
the
citie
of
saynt
Dominicke
.
The
citie
of
s.
Dominicke
But
towarde
the
North
syde
,
it
is
ended
at
the
rough
mountaynes
of
Haiti
.
The
mountaynes
of
haiti
Huhabo
,
is
included
within
the
mountaynes
Haiti
and
the
ryuer
Iaciga
.
Caeiabo
the
thyrde
prouince
,
conteyneth
all
that
lyeth
betwene
Cubaho
and
Dahatio
,
euen
vnto
the
mouth
of
the
ryuer
of
Iaccha
or
Iache
(
one
of
the
foure
which
diuide
the
Ilande
equally
)
and
ascendethe
to
the
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
,
The
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
where
the
greateste
plentie
of
golde
is
founde
:
Owte
of
the
which
also
the
ryuer
Demahus
springeth
:
and
ioynynge
with
the
springes
of
the
ryuer
of
Naiba
,
(
being
an
other
of
the
foure
which
diuideth
the
Ilande
towarde
the
south
sea
)
fauleth
to
an
other
banke
of
the
ryuer
of
saynt
Dominicke
.
Bainoa
,
begynneth
at
the
confines
of
Caiabi
,
and
reacheth
euen
vnto
the
Ilande
of
Cahini
which
lieth
neare
vnto
the
sea
bankes
of
the
north
syde
of
the
Ilande
where
wee
sayde
that
they
erected
the
fyrst
colonie
or
habitacion
.
The
Ilande
of
Cahini
The
prouince
of
Guaccaiarima
,
Of
prouinces
diuided
into
region●
occupieth
the
remanent
towarde
the
west
.
This
they
named
Guaccaiarima
,
bycause
it
is
the
extreme
or
vttermost
parte
of
the
Ilande
.
For
Iarima
in
theyr
language
signifieth
the
tayle
or
ende
of
any
thynge
:
And
Gua
,
is
an
article
whiche
they
vse
often
tymes
in
the
names
of
thynges
:
And
especially
in
the
names
of
theyr
kynges
:
as
Guarionexius
,
and
Guaccanarillus
.
In
the
prouince
of
Caizimu
,
are
these
regions
:
Higuei
,
Guanama
,
Reyre
,
Xagua
,
Aramana
,
Arabo
,
Hazoa
.
Macorix
,
Caiacoa
,
Guaiagua
,
Baguanimabo
and
the
rough
mountaynes
of
Haiti
.
Here
let
vs
speake
sumewhat
of
theyr
aspirations
which
they
vse
otherwyse
then
the
Latins
doo
.
Of
theyr
aspirations
It
is
to
bee
noted
that
there
is
no
aspiration
in
theyr
vowels
,
which
hath
not
th
effecte
of
a
consonant
.
So
that
they
pronounce
theyr
aspirations
more
vehemently
then
wee
do
the
consonant
.
f
.
Ye
,
all
suche
woordes
as
in
their
tonge
are
aspirate
,
are
pronounced
with
lyke
breath
and
spirite
as
is
.
f
.
sauing
that
herein
the
neather
lyppe
is
not
moued
to
th
uppermost
teethe
.
With
open
mouthes
and
shakynge
theyr
brestes
,
they
breath
out
these
aspirations
,
ha
,
he
,
hi
,
ho
,
hu
,
as
the
Hebrewes
and
Arabians
are
accustomed
to
pronounce
theyrs
.
The
pronunciation
of
the
hebrewes
&
Arabians
,
I
fynde
also
that
the
Spanyardes
vse
the
lyke
vehemence
in
the
aspirations
of
those
woordes
whiche
they
haue
receaued
of
the
Moores
&
Arabians
which
possessed
Spaine
,
The
Moores
and
Arabians
possessed
Spayne
.
and
continued
there
many
yeares
:
As
in
these
woordes
:
Almo
hadda
,
whiche
signifieth
a
pyllowe
or
bolster
:
Also
Almohaza
,
that
is
,
a
horse
combe
:
with
dyuers
such
other
woordes
whiche
they
speake
in
maner
with
panting
brestes
and
vehement
spirite
.
I
haue
thought
it
good
to
reherse
these
thynges
,
bycause
amonge
the
Latines
it
often
tymes
soo
chaunceth
that
onely
the
accent
or
aspiration
,
chaungeth
the
signification
of
the
woorde
:
howe
the
aspiration
changeth
the
signification
of
wordes
as
hora
,
for
an
houre
,
and
ora
for
the
plurale
number
of
this
woorde
os
,
which
signifieth
the
mouth
:
Also
ora
,
which
signifieth
regions
or
coastes
.
The
lyke
also
chaunceth
in
the
diuersitie
of
the
accente
,
as
occido
I
kyll
,
and
occi●o
I
faule
.
Euen
so
in
the
language
of
these
simple
men
,
there
are
many
thynges
to
bee
obserued
.
But
let
vs
nowe
returne
to
the
description
.
In
the
prouince
of
Hubabo
,
are
these
regions
:
Xamana
,
Canabacoa
,
Cuhabo
,
with
many
other
,
the
names
wherof
I
haue
not
yet
learned
.
The
prouince
of
Caibabo
,
conteyneth
these
regions
:
Magua
,
and
Cacacubana
.
Thinhabitantes
of
this
region
,
haue
a
peculyar
language
much
differinge
from
the
common
language
of
the
Iland
,
Dyuers
languages
in
the
Ilande
and
are
cauled
Macoryxes
.
There
is
also
an
other
region
cauled
Cubana
,
whose
language
differeth
from
the
other
.
Lykewyse
the
region
of
Baiohaigua
,
hath
a
dyuers
toonge
.
There
are
also
other
regions
,
as
Dahabon
,
Cybaho
,
and
Manabaho
.
Catoy
is
in
the
myddle
of
the
Ilande
.
By
this
runnethe
the
ryuer
Nizaus
:
And
the
montaynes
cauled
Mahaitin
,
Hazua
,
and
Neibaymao
,
confine
with
the
same
.
In
the
prouince
of
Bainoa
,
are
the
regions
of
Maguana
,
Iagohaiucho
,
Bauruco
,
Dabaiagua
,
and
Attibuni
,
so
named
of
the
ryuer
:
Also
Caunoa
,
Buiaici
,
Dahabonici
,
Maiaguariti
,
Atiei
,
Maccazina
,
Guahabba
,
Anniuici
,
Marien
,
Guaricco
,
Amaguei
,
Xaragua
,
Yaguana
,
Azzuei
,
Iacchi
,
Honorucco
,
Diaguo
,
Camaie
,
and
Neibaimao
.
In
Guaccaierima
the
last
prouince
,
these
regions
are
conteyned
:
Mauicarao
,
Guabagua
,
Taquenazabo
,
Nimaca
,
Bainoa
the
lesse
,
Cabaymi
,
Iamaizi
,
Manabazao
,
Zauana
,
Habacoa
,
and
Ayqueroa
.
But
let
vs
entreate
sumwhat
of
the
particulars
of
the
regions
.
In
the
prouince
of
Caizcimu
,
with
in
the
great
goulfe
of
the
beginnynge
,
there
is
a
greate
caue
in
a
hollowe
rocke
vnder
the
roote
of
a
hygh
mountayne
,
A
greate
caue
in
the
rocke
of
a
mountayne
,
about
twoo
furlonges
from
the
sea
.
The
enterie
of
this
caue
is
not
much
vnlyke
the
doores
of
a
great
temple
,
beinge
very
large
and
turnynge
many
wayes
.
Andreas
Moralis
the
shyp
master
,
A
daungerus
enterprise
at
the
commaundement
of
the
gouernoure
,
tempted
to
searche
the
caue
with
the
smaulest
vessels
.
He
sayth
that
by
certeyne
priuie
wayes
,
manye
ryuers
haue
concourse
to
this
caue
as
it
were
to
a
sinke
or
chanell
.
Riuers
deuoured
of
caues
,
After
th
experience
here
of
,
they
ceased
to
maruaile
whither
other
ryuers
ranne
whiche
commynge
fourescore
and
tenne
myles
,
were
swalowed
vp
,
so
that
they
appeared
no
more
,
nor
yet
fell
into
the
sea
by
any
knowen
wayes
.
Nowe
therfore
they
suppose
that
ryuers
swalowed
vp
by
the
holowe
places
of
that
stony
mountayne
,
faule
into
this
caue
.
As
the
shipmaster
entered
into
the
caue
his
shippe
was
almost
swalowed
.
For
he
saith
that
there
are
many
whyrlepooles
and
rysinges
or
boylinges
of
the
water
,
which
make
a
violent
conflicte
and
horrible
rorynge
one
encounteryng
the
other
.
Also
many
huge
holes
&
holowe
places
:
So
that
what
on
the
one
syde
with
the
whirle
pooles
,
whirlepooles
and
conflict●
of
waters
,
&
on
the
other
side
with
the
boyling
of
the
water
,
his
shyp
was
long
in
maner
tossed
vp
and
downe
lyke
a
baule
.
It
greatly
repented
hym
that
he
had
entered
,
yet
knewe
he
no
way
how
to
come
forth
.
He
now
wandered
in
darkenesse
,
as
wel
for
the
obscurenesse
of
the
caue
into
the
which
he
was
farre
entered
,
Clowdes
in
the
caue
.
as
also
that
in
it
were
thicke
cloudes
engendered
of
the
moist
vapours
proceading
of
the
conflicte
of
the
waters
whiche
continually
faule
with
great
violence
into
the
caue
on
euery
side
.
He
compareth
the
noyse
of
these
waters
,
to
the
faule
of
the
famous
ryuer
of
Nilus
from
the
montaines
of
Ethyope
.
The
Cataractes
of
Nilus
They
were
al
so
deafe
,
that
one
could
not
here
what
an
other
said
.
But
at
the
length
with
great
daunger
&
feare
,
he
came
foorth
of
the
caue
as
it
had
byn
owte
of
hel
.
Aboute
three
score
miles
distante
from
the
chiefe
citie
of
saincte
Dominicke
,
there
are
certeyne
hyghe
montaynes
vppon
the
toppes
wherof
is
a
lake
or
standynge
poole
inaccessible
,
A
standynge
poole
in
the
t●ppe
of
a
hygh
mountayne
.
neuer
yet
seene
of
them
whiche
came
latelye
to
the
Ilande
,
bothe
by
reason
of
the
roughnesse
of
the
montaines
,
and
also
for
that
there
is
noo
pathe
or
open
waye
to
the
toppes
of
the
same
.
But
at
the
length
the
shyppe
maister
beinge
cond●cted
thether
by
one
of
kynges
,
ascended
to
the
toppes
of
the
montaines
and
came
to
the
poole
.
Hee
saith
that
the
coulde
is
there
of
sum
force
.
And
in
token
of
wynter
,
hee
founde
ferne
and
bramble
busshes
,
whiche
two
,
growe
only
in
coulde
regions
.
Ferne
and
bramble
busshes
,
growe
only
in
coulde
regions
.
These
montaynes
,
they
caule
Ymizui
Hibabaino
.
This
poole
is
of
freshe
water
three
myles
in
compasse
,
and
wel
replenysshed
with
diuerse
kindes
of
fysshes
.
Many
smaule
riuers
or
brookes
faule
into
it
.
It
hath
no
passage
owte
,
bycause
it
is
on
euery
syde
enclosed
with
the
toppes
of
mountaynes
.
But
lette
vs
nowe
speake
of
an
other
poole
whiche
maye
well
bee
cauled
a
sea
in
the
mydlande
,
and
bee
coompared
to
the
Caspian
or
Hircanian
sea
in
the
fyrme
land
of
Asia
:
The
Caspia●
and
hircanian
sea
.
with
certeyne
other
lakes
and
pooles
of
fresshe
water
.
¶
The
eyghte
booke
of
the
thirde
decade
.
THe
prouynce
of
Bainoa
beynge
thrise
as
bygge
as
the
three
fyrst
,
that
is
,
Caizcimu
,
Vhabo
,
and
Caihabo
,
includeth
a
valley
named
Caiouani
,
in
the
whiche
there
is
a
lake
of
salte
,
soure
,
and
bytter
water
,
as
wee
reade
of
the
sea
cauled
Caspium
,
A
great
lake
of
soure
and
salte
water
.
lyinge
in
the
firme
lande
betwene
Sarmatia
and
Hircania
.
Wee
haue
therfore
named
it
Caspium
,
althoughe
it
bee
not
in
the
region
of
Hircania
.
It
hath
manye
swalowinge
goulfes
,
Swalowinge
goulfes
.
by
the
whiche
,
bothe
the
water
of
the
sea
springeth
into
it
,
and
also
suche
as
faule
into
it
from
the
montaines
,
Sea
fysshes
in
lakes
of
the
midlande
are
swalowed
vppe
.
They
thyncke
that
the
caues
therof
,
are
so
large
and
deepe
,
that
great
fysshes
of
the
sea
passe
by
the
same
into
the
lake
.
Emonge
these
fysshes
,
there
is
one
cauled
Tiburonus
whiche
cutteth
a
man
in
sunder
by
the
myddest
at
one
snappe
with
his
teethe
,
The
deuourynge
fysshe
cauled
T●buronus
.
and
deuoureth
hym
.
In
the
ryuer
Hozama
,
runnynge
by
the
chiefe
citie
of
sayncte
Dominicke
,
these
Tiburoni
do
sumtymes
coome
from
the
sea
and
deuoure
manye
of
th
inhabitauntes
:
Especially
suche
as
do
dayly
ploonge
them selues
in
the
water
to
th
intent
to
keepe
their
bodyes
verye
cleane
.
The
ryuers
whiche
faule
into
the
lake
,
The
ryuers
that
fau●e
into
the
lake
Caspium
,
are
these
.
From
the
Northe
syde
,
Guaninicabon
:
From
the
Southe
,
Xaccoei
:
from
the
Easte
,
Guannabo
And
from
the
West
,
Occoa
.
They
saye
that
these
ryuers
are
great
and
continuall
:
And
that
besyde
these
,
there
are
.xx.
other
smaule
ryuers
whiche
faule
into
this
Caspium
.
CC●
sprynges
within
the
space
of
a
furlonge
.
Also
on
the
Northe
syde
within
a
furlonge
of
the
lake
,
there
are
aboue
twoo
hundreth
springes
,
occupyinge
lykewise
aboute
a
furlonge
in
circuite
,
the
water
wherof
is
coulde
in
soomer
,
freshe
also
,
and
holsome
to
bee
droonke
.
These
sprynges
make
a
ryuer
than
can
not
bee
waded
ouer
,
whiche
neare
at
hande
ioynynge
with
the
other
,
fauleth
into
the
lake
.
Here
muste
wee
staye
a
whyle
.
The
kynge
of
this
regyon
founde
his
wyfe
praying
in
a
chapel
builded
by
the
Christians
with
in
the
precincte
of
his
dominion
,
A
myracle
.
and
required
her
coompanie
to
satisfye
his
fleshely
luste
.
His
wyfe
reproued
hym
,
and
put
hym
in
remembraunce
to
haue
respecte
to
the
holye
place
.
The
woordes
whiche
shee
spake
to
hym
,
The
Indian
language
.
were
these
:
Teitoca
,
Teitoca
:
whiche
is
as
muche
to
saye
,
as
,
bee
quyet
,
bee
quyet
:
Techeta
cynato
guamechyna
:
That
is
,
god
wyl
bee
greatly
angerie
.
Guamechyna
,
sygnifyeth
god
,
Techeta
greatly
,
Cynato
angrie
.
But
the
husbande
halynge
her
by
the
arme
,
sayde
:
Guaibba
,
that
is
,
go
:
Cynato
macabuca
guamechyna
:
That
is
:
what
is
that
to
me
if
god
be
angerye
?
A
kyng
stricken
dumme
and
lame
by
●
myracle
.
And
with
these
woordes
as
he
profered
her
violence
,
soodenlye
he
became
dumme
and
lame
.
Yet
by
this
myracle
beynge
striken
with
repentaunce
,
he
euer
after
ledde
a
relygious
lyfe
:
In
soo
muche
that
from
thense
foorthe
hee
woolde
neuer
suffer
the
chapell
to
bee
swepte
or
decked
with
any
other
mannes
hande
.
By
the
same
myracle
,
manye
of
th
inhabitauntes
and
all
the
Christians
beyng
moued
,
resorted
deuoutly
to
the
chappell
.
They
take
it
in
good
parte
that
the
kynge
suffered
the
reuenge
of
that
reproche
.
Lette
vs
nowe
retourne
to
Caspium
.
That
salte
lake
is
tossed
with
stormes
and
tempestes
:
And
oftentymes
drowneth
smaule
shyppes
or
fyssher
boates
,
and
swaloweth
them
vppe
with
the
maryners
:
Such
as
are
drowned
in
the
lake
are
not
cast
vp
ageyne
.
In
so
muche
that
it
hath
not
byn
harde
of
,
that
any
man
drowned
by
shyppewracke
,
euer
ploonged
vppe
ageyne
,
or
was
caste
on
the
shore
,
as
commonly
chaunceth
of
the
deade
bodyes
of
suche
as
are
drowned
in
the
sea
.
These
tempestes
,
are
the
deintie
banquetes
of
the
Tiburones
.
This
Caspium
,
is
cauled
Hagueigabon
.
In
the
myddest
hereof
,
lyeth
an
Ilande
named
Guarizacca
,
The
Ilande
Guarizacca
in
the
myddest
of
the
poole
.
A
lake
of
salt
and
freshe
water
.
to
the
whiche
they
resorte
when
they
go
a
fysshynge
:
But
it
is
not
cultured
.
There
is
in
the
same
playne
,
an
other
lake
nexte
vnto
this
,
whose
water
is
myxte
of
salte
and
freshe
:
And
is
therfore
nother
apte
to
bee
droonke
,
not
yet
to
bee
refused
in
vrgente
necessytie
.
This
conteineth
in
length
.xxv.
miles
,
and
in
breadth
eight
myles
:
In
summe
places
also
nyne
or
ten
.
It
receaueth
manye
ryuers
whiche
haue
no
passage
owte
of
the
same
,
but
are
swalowed
vppe
as
in
the
other
.
Water
springeth
out
of
the
sea
into
this
also
:
but
in
no
great
quantitie
,
whiche
is
the
cause
that
it
is
so
commyxte
.
In
the
same
prouynce
towarde
the
Weste
syde
,
there
is
an
other
lake
of
freshe
water
,
A
lake
of
fresshe
water
not
farre
distante
from
Caspius
.
This
th
inhabitauntes
caule
Iainagua
.
The
same
salte
lake
,
hath
on
the
North
syde
therof
,
an
other
named
Guaocaa
.
This
is
but
lyttle
:
as
not
past
three
or
foure
myles
in
breadth
,
and
one
in
length
.
The
water
of
this
,
maye
well
bee
droonke
.
On
the
southe
syde
of
the
salte
lake
,
there
lyeth
an
other
named
.
Babbareo
,
of
three
myles
in
length
and
in
maner
rounde
.
The
water
of
this
is
freshe
as
of
●he
two
other
.
This
lake
bycause
it
hath
no
passage
owte
nor
yet
any
swalowynge
goulfes
,
conueyeth
the
superfluous
waters
to
the
sea
if
it
be
encreased
with
the
streames
whiche
faule
sumtimes
more
abondantly
from
the
montaines
.
This
is
in
the
region
of
Xamana
in
the
prouince
of
Bainoa
.
There
is
an
other
cauled
Guaniba
,
lying
betwene
the
East
&
the
South
nere
vnto
the
syde
of
Caspius
.
This
is
ten
myles
in
length
and
almoste
rounde
.
A
lake
of
ten
myles
in
l●ngth
There
are
furthermore
many
other
smaule
standyng
pooles
or
lakes
disparsed
here
and
there
in
the
Iland
,
whiche
I
wyll
lette
passe
leste
I
shulde
bee
tedious
in
remainyng
to
longe
in
one
thynge
.
I
wyll
therfore
make
an
ende
with
this
addition
,
that
in
all
these
,
great
plentie
of
fyshe
and
foule
is
nourysshed
.
All
these
lakes
lye
in
a
large
playne
,
the
whiche
from
the
East
reacheth
into
the
West
a
hundreth
and
twentie
myles
:
A
playne
of
a
hundreth
and
twentie
miles
beyng
of
breadth
.xviii.
myles
where
it
is
narowest
,
and
.xxv.
where
it
is
largest
.
Lookyng
toward
the
West
,
it
hath
collaterally
on
the
lefte
hande
the
montaines
of
Daiguani
:
And
on
the
ryght
hande
,
the
montaines
,
of
Caigua
,
so
cauled
of
the
name
of
the
vale
it selfe
.
At
the
rootes
of
the
montaines
of
Caigua
toward
the
North
syde
,
there
lyeth
an
other
vale
much
longer
&
larger
then
that
before
named
.
For
it
conteineth
in
length
,
almoste
two
hundreth
myles
:
A
playne
of
two
hundreth
myles
in
length
.
And
in
breadth
.xxx.
wher
it
is
largest
,
&
about
.xx.
wher
it
is
narowest
This
vale
in
summe
parte
therof
,
is
cauled
Maguana
:
In
an
other
place
,
Iguamu
,
&
elles
where
,
Hathathiei
.
And
forasmuche
as
wee
haue
here
made
mention
of
this
parte
of
the
vale
named
Hathathiei
,
wee
wyll
sumwhat
digresse
from
the
discourse
of
this
description
,
and
entreate
of
a
thinge
so
straunge
and
maruelous
,
that
the
lyke
hath
not
vyn
hard
of
.
So
it
is
therfore
,
that
the
kyng
of
this
region
named
Caramatexius
,
taketh
great
pleasure
in
fysshinge
.
Into
his
nettes
chanced
a
yonnge
fyshe
of
the
kynde
of
those
huge
monsters
of
the
sea
whiche
th
inhabitours
caule
Manari
,
The
maruelous
fysshe
Manari
.
not
founde
I
suppose
in
owre
seas
nor
knowen
to
owre
men
before
this
tyme
.
This
fy●he
is
foure
footed
,
and
in
shape
lyke
vnto
a
tortoyse
althoughe
shee
be
not
couered
with
a
shel
,
but
with
scales
:
And
those
of
such
hardnesse
&
couched
in
suche
order
,
that
no
arrowe
can
hur●e
her
.
Her
scales
are
byse●
&
defend
with
a
thousand
knobbes
.
Her
backe
is
playne
,
and
her
heade
vtterly
lyke
the
heade
of
an
oxe
.
She
lyueth
both
in
the
water
and
on
the
lande
:
She
is
slowe
of
mouynge
:
of
condition
meeke
,
gentell
,
A
monster
of
the
sea
fedde
with
mans
hande
.
assocyable
and
louing
to
mankind
and
of
a
maruelous
sence
or
memorie
as
are
the
elephant
and
the
delphyn
.
The
king
norisshed
this
fyshe
certeine
daies
at
home
with
the
breade
of
the
countrey
,
made
of
the
roote
of
Iucca
and
Panycke
with
suche
other
rootes
as
men
are
accustomed
to
eate
.
For
when
shee
was
yet
but
younge
,
he
cast
her
into
a
poole
or
lake
neare
vnto
his
palaice
there
to
bee
fedde
with
hande
.
This
lake
also
receaueth
waters
and
casteth
not
the
same
foorth
ageine
.
It
was
in
tyme
passe
cauled
Guaurabo
:
But
is
nowe
cauled
the
lake
of
Mana●i
after
the
name
of
this
fyshe
whiche
wandered
safelye
in
the
same
for
the
space
of
.xxv.
yeares
,
and
grewe
excedyng
byg
.
What
so
euer
is
written
of
the
Delphines
of
Baian
or
Arion
,
are
muche
inferior
to
the
dooinges
of
this
fysh
:
which
for
her
gentle
nature
they
named
Matum
,
that
is
gentle
or
noble
.
Therefore
when
so
euer
any
of
the
kynges
familyers
,
especially
suche
as
are
knowen
to
her
,
resorte
to
the
bankes
of
the
lake
and
caule
Matum
,
Matum
,
Matum
.
then
she
(
as
myndefull
of
suche
benefites
as
she
hath
receaued
of
men
)
lyftethe
vp
her
heade
and
commeth
to
the
place
whither
she
is
cauled
,
A
fyshe
caryeth
men
oue●
the
lake
.
and
there
receaueth
meate
at
the
handes
of
suche
as
feede
her
.
If
any
desirous
to
passe
ouer
the
lake
,
make
signes
and
tokens
of
theyr
intente
,
she
boweth
her selfe
to
them
,
therewith
as
it
were
gentelly
inuitynge
them
to
amount
vppon
her
,
and
conueyeth
them
safely
ouer
.
It
hath
byn
seene
that
this
monstrous
fysshe
hath
at
one
tyme
safely
caryed
ouer
tenne
men
singinge
and
playinge
.
A
maruelou●
thynge
.
But
if
by
chaunce
when
she
lyfteed
vp
her
heade
she
espyed
any
of
the
Christian
men
,
she
woolde
immediatly
ploonge
downe
ageyne
into
the
water
and
refuse
to
obey
,
bycause
she
had
once
receaued
iniury
at
the
handes
of
a
certeyne
wanton
younge
man
amonge
the
Christians
,
who
hadde
caste
a
sharpe
darte
at
her
,
although
she
were
not
hurte
by
reason
of
the
hardenes
of
her
skynne
beinge
roughe
and
ful
of
skales
and
knobbes
as
we
haue
sayde
.
Yet
dyd
she
beare
in
memorie
th
iniurie
she
susteyned
,
with
so
gentell
a
reuenge
requitynge
thingrat●tude
of
hym
which
h●d
delte
with
her
so
vngentelly
.
From
that
day
when
so
euer
she
was
cauled
by
any
of
her
familiers
,
sh●
woolde
fyrst
looke
circum●pectly
about
her
,
least
any
were
present
appareled
after
the
maner
of
the
Christians
.
She
woolde
oftentymes
play
and
wrestle
vppon
the
banke
with
the
kynges
chamberlens
:
And
especially
with
a
younge
man
whom
the
kynge
fauoured
well
,
beinge
also
accustomed
to
feede
her
.
Shee
woolde
bee
sumetymes
as
pleasaunt
and
full
of
play
as
it
had
byn
a
moonkey
or
marmaset
:
And
was
of
longe
tyme
a
great
comfort
and
solace
to
the
hole
Ilande
.
For
no
smaule
confluence
aswell
of
the
Christians
as
of
th
inhabitantes
,
had
dayly
concourse
to
beholde
so
straunge
a
myracle
of
nature
,
the
contemplation
wherof
was
no
lesse
pleasaunt
then
woonderfull
.
They
say
that
the
meate
of
this
kynde
of
fysshe
,
is
of
good
taste
:
And
that
many
of
them
are
engendered
in
the
seas
therabout
.
But
at
the
length
,
this
pleasaunt
playfelowe
was
loste
,
and
caried
into
the
sea
by
the
great
ryuer
Attibunicus
,
The
ryuer
Attibunicus
.
one
of
the
foure
which
diuide
the
Ilande
.
For
at
that
tyme
there
chaunced
so
terrible
a
tempest
of
wind
,
&
rayne
,
with
such
fluds
ensewing
that
the
like
hath
not
lightly
byn
hard
of
.
By
reason
of
this
tempest
,
the
ryuer
Attibunicus
so
ouerflowed
the
bankes
,
that
it
fylled
the
hole
vale
&
myxt
it selfe
with
all
the
other
lakes
.
At
which
tyme
also
,
this
gentell
Matum
and
pleasaunte
companyon
,
The
situation
of
the
great
●ale
.
folowynge
the
vehemente
course
and
faule
of
the
fluddes
,
was
therby
restored
to
his
oulde
moother
and
natyue
waters
,
and
sence
that
tyme
neuer
seene
ageyne
.
Thus
hauynge
digressed
sufficiently
,
let
vs
nowe
coome
to
the
situation
of
the
vale
.
It
hathe
collaterally
the
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
and
Caiguam
which
brynge
it
to
the
South
sea
.
The
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
and
Caiguam
.
There
is
an
other
vale
beyonde
the
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
towarde
the
North
.
This
is
cauled
the
vale
of
Guarionexius
,
bycause
that
before
the
memorie
of
man
,
the
predicessours
and
auncestours
of
kyng
Guarionexius
to
whom
it
is
descended
by
right
of
inheritaunce
,
The
greate
vale
of
Guari●nexius
.
were
euer
the
lordes
of
the
hole
vale
.
Of
this
kynge
,
we
haue
spoken
largely
in
the
fyrst
narration
of
the
Ilande
in
the
fyrst
Decade
.
This
vale
is
of
length
from
the
East
to
the
West
,
a
hundreth
and
fourescore
myles
:
And
of
breadth
from
the
South
to
the
North
,
thirtie
myles
wher
it
is
narowest
,
and
fiftie
where
it
is
brodeste
.
It
begynneth
from
the
region
Canobocoa
by
the
prouinces
of
Huhabo
and
Caiabo
:
And
endeth
in
the
prouince
of
Bainoa
and
the
region
of
Mariena
.
It
lyeth
in
the
myddest
betwene
the
mountaynes
of
C●baua
,
and
the
mountaynes
of
Cabonai
and
Cazacubuna
.
There
is
no
prouince
nor
any
region
,
which
is
not
notable
by
the
maiestie
of
mountaynes
,
Mountaynes
,
frutefulnes
of
vales
,
Uales
.
pleasauntnesse
of
hylles
,
hylles
.
and
delectablenes
of
playnes
,
Playnes
.
with
abundaunce
of
fayre
ryuers
runnynge
through
the
same
.
Ryuers
.
There
are
no
sides
of
mountaynes
or
hylles
,
no
ryuers
,
which
abound
not
with
golde
and
delycate
fysshes
,
Golde
in
all
mountaynes
,
and
golde
and
fysshe
in
all
ryuers
.
except
only
one
ryuer
which
from
th
originall
therof
,
with
the
sprynges
of
the
same
breakynge
foorth
of
the
mountaynes
,
commeth
owt
salte
and
so
contynueth
vntyll
it
peryshe
.
This
ryuer
is
cauled
Bahuan
:
and
runneth
through
the
myddle
of
the
region
Maguana
in
the
prouince
of
Bainoa
.
They
suppose
that
this
ryuer
hathe
made
it selfe
awaye
vnder
the
grounde
by
sume
passages
of
playster
or
salte
earthe
.
For
there
are
in
the
Ilande
many
notable
salte
bayes
,
Salte
bayes
,
wherof
we
wyl
speake
more
hereafter
.
We
haue
declared
howe
the
Ilande
is
diuided
by
foure
ryuers
&
fyue
prouinces
.
howe
the
Ilande
is
diuided
with
mountaynes
.
There
is
also
an
other
particion
,
whiche
is
this
.
The
hole
Ilande
consysteth
of
the
tops
of
foure
mountaines
which
diuide
it
by
the
myddest
from
the
East
to
the
weste
.
In
all
these
is
abundance
of
nooryshynge
moysture
and
greate
plentie
of
golde
:
Golde
.
of
the
caues
also
of
the
whiche
,
the
waters
of
al
the
riuers
(
into
the
which
the
caues
emptie
them selues
)
haue
theyr
originall
and
increase
.
The
ryuers
haue
theyr
increase
from
the
caues
of
the
mountaynes
There
are
lykewyse
in
them
horryble
dennes
,
obscure
and
darke
vales
,
and
myghtie
rockes
of
stone
.
There
was
neuer
any
noysome
beaste
founde
in
it
:
Nor
yet
any
rauenynge
foure
footed
beaste
.
No
hurtful
or
raueninge
beast
in
the
Ilande
.
No
lyon
,
no
beare
no
fierce
tygers
,
no
craftie
foxes
,
nor
deuouring
woolfes
.
Al
thynges
are
blessed
and
fortunate
:
And
nowe
more
fortunate
,
for
that
so
many
thousandes
of
men
are
receaued
to
bee
the
sheepe
of
Christes
flocke
,
all
theyr
Zemes
and
Images
of
deuylles
being
reiected
and
vtterly
out
of
memorie
.
The
autours
excuse
.
If
I
chaunce
nowe
and
then
in
the
discourse
of
this
narration
to
repeate
one
thynge
dyuers
tymes
or
otherwise
to
make
digression
,
I
must
desyre
yowre
holynes
therwith
not
to
bee
offended
.
For
whyle
I
see
,
heare
,
and
wryte
these
thinges
,
mee
seemeth
that
I
am
herewith
so
affected
,
that
for
verye
ioy
I
feele
my
mynde
stirred
as
it
were
with
the
spirite
of
Apollo
as
were
the
Sibylles
,
whereby
I
am
enforced
to
repeate
the
same
ageyne
:
Especially
when
I
consyder
howe
farre
the
amplitude
of
owre
religion
spreadeth
her
wynges
.
Yet
amonge
these
so
many
blessed
and
fortunate
thynges
,
this
one
greeueth
me
not
a
lyttle
:
That
these
simple
poore
men
neuer
brought
vp
in
labour
,
By
what
meane●
the
people
of
the
Iland
are
gretly
consumed
.
do
dayly
peryshe
with
intollerable
trauayle
in
the
golde
mynes
:
And
are
therby
brought
to
suche
desperation
,
that
many
of
them
kyll
them selues
,
hauynge
no
regarde
to
the
procreation
of
chyldren
.
In
so
much
that
women
with
chylde
,
perceauynge
that
they
shall
brynge
foorth
such
as
shal
be
slaues
to
the
Christians
,
vse
medecines
to
destroy
theyr
conception
.
And
albeit
that
by
the
kynges
letters
patentes
it
was
decreed
that
they
shulde
bee
set
at
lybertie
,
yet
are
they
constrayned
to
serue
more
then
seemeth
conuenient
for
free
men
.
The
number
of
the
poore
wretches
is
woonderfully
extenuate
.
They
were
once
rekened
to
bee
aboue
twelue
hundreth
thousande
heades
:
But
what
they
are
nowe
,
I
abhorre
to
rehearse
.
We
wyll
therefore
let
this
passe
:
and
returne
to
the
pleasures
of
Hispaniola
.
The
plesures
of
hispaniola
.
In
the
mountaynes
of
Cibaua
,
which
are
in
maner
in
the
myddest
of
the
Ilande
in
the
prouince
of
Caiabo
(
where
we
sayd
to
bee
the
greatest
plentie
of
natyue
golde
)
there
is
a
region
named
Cotohi
,
situate
in
the
clowdes
,
The
region
of
Cotohi
,
●ituate
in
the
Clowdes
.
enuironed
with
the
toppes
of
hyghe
mountaynes
,
and
well
inhabited
.
It
consisteth
of
a
playne
of
.xxv.
myles
in
length
,
and
.xv.
in
breadth
.
This
playne
is
hygher
then
the
toppes
of
other
mountaynes
:
A
playne
in
the
toppes
of
mountaynes
So
that
these
mountaynes
,
maye
seeme
to
bee
the
chiefe
and
progenitours
of
the
other
.
The
hygher
,
the
coulder
.
This
playne
suffereth
alterations
of
the
foure
tymes
of
the
yeare
:
as
the
Sprynge
,
Soomer
,
Autumne
,
and
wynter
.
Here
the
herbes
ware
wythered
,
the
trees
loose
theyr
leaues
,
Moderate
coulde
in
the
mountaynes
.
and
the
medowes
become
hore
:
The
whiche
thynges
(
as
we
haue
sayde
)
chaunce
not
in
other
places
of
the
Ilande
,
where
they
haue
only
the
Spring
and
Autumne
.
The
soyle
of
this
playne
bryngeth
foorth
ferne
and
bramble
busshes
bearynge
blacke
berries
or
wylde
raspes
,
Ferne
of
maruelous
bignes
which
two
are
tokens
of
coulde
regions
.
Yet
is
it
a
fayre
region
:
for
the
coulde
therof
is
not
very
sharpe
:
neyther
dooth
it
aflicte
th
inhabitantes
with
froste
or
snowe
.
They
argue
the
frutefulnes
of
the
region
by
the
ferne
,
whose
stalkes
or
steames
are
bygger
then
a
spere
or
iauelen
.
The
sydes
of
those
mountaynes
are
ryche
in
golde
.
Golde
.
Yet
is
there
none
appoynted
to
dygge
for
the
same
,
bycause
it
shal
be
needefull
to
haue
apparelled
myners
,
and
such
as
are
vsed
to
labour
.
For
th
inhabitantes
lyuinge
confeuted
with
lyttle
,
are
but
tender
:
And
can
not
therfore
away
with
labour
or
abyde
any
coulde
.
Thinhabitantes
of
hispaniola
can
abyde
no
labour
nor
coulde
.
There
are
two
ryuers
which
runne
through
this
region
,
and
faule
from
the
toppes
of
the
present
mountaynes
.
One
of
these
is
named
Comoiayxa
,
whose
course
is
towarde
the
West
,
and
fauleth
into
the
chanell
of
Naiba
.
The
other
is
cauled
Tirecotus
:
which
runnynge
towarde
the
East
,
ioyneth
with
the
ryuer
of
Iunna
.
In
the
Ilande
of
Creta
(
nowe
cauled
Candie
)
as
I
passed
b●
in
my
legacie
to
the
Soldane
of
Alcayr
or
Babylon
in
Egypte
,
The
Iland
of
Creta
of
Candie
,
vnder
the
dominion
of
the
Uenetians
.
the
Uenetians
toulde
me
that
there
laye
suche
a
region
in
the
toppes
of
the
mountaynes
of
Ida
,
whiche
they
affirme
to
bee
more
frutefull
of
wheate
corne
then
any
other
region
of
the
Iland
.
But
forasmuch
as
once
the
Cretenses
rebelled
agenst
the
Uenetians
,
and
by
reason
of
the
streight
and
narowe
way
to
the
toppes
therof
,
longe
defended
the
region
with
armes
against
th
auctoritie
of
the
Senate
,
and
at
the
length
beinge
forweryed
with
warres
,
rendered
the
same
,
the
Senate
commaunded
that
it
shulde
bee
lefte
deserte
,
and
the
streightes
of
th
enteraunces
to
bee
stopped
,
lest
any
shulde
ascende
to
the
region
without
their
permissyon
.
Yet
in
the
yeare
of
Christe
M.
D.
ii
.
lycence
was
graunted
to
the
husband
men
to
tyll
and
manure
the
region
,
on
suche
condition
that
no
suche
as
were
apte
to
the
warres
,
myght
enter
into
the
same
.
There
is
also
an
other
region
in
Hispaniola
named
Cotoby
after
the
same
name
.
This
diuideth
the
boundes
of
the
prouinces
of
Vhabo
and
Caiabo
.
It
hath
mountaynes
,
vales
,
and
plaines
.
But
bycause
it
is
baren
,
it
is
not
muche
inhabited
.
Yet
is
it
richest
in
golde
:
For
the
originall
of
the
abundaunce
of
gold
,
beginneth
here
:
In
so
muche
that
it
is
not
gathered
in
smaule
graines
and
sparkes
as
in
other
places
:
but
is
founde
hole
,
Pure
and
massie
golde
in
the
region
of
Cotoy
.
massie
,
and
pure
,
emonge
certaine
softe
stones
and
in
the
vaines
of
rockes
,
by
breakynge
the
stones
wherof
,
they
folowe
the
vaynes
of
golde
.
They
haue
founde
by
experience
,
that
the
vayne
of
golde
is
a
lyuinge
tree
:
The
vaine
of
golde
,
is
a
lyuynge
tree
.
And
that
the
same
by
all
wayes
that
it
spreadeth
&
springeth
from
the
roote
by
the
softe
pores
and
passages
of
the
yearth
,
These
colers
or
floures
are
cauled
Marchasites
,
Pyntes
.
putteth
foorth
branches
euen
vnto
the
vppermost
part
of
the
earth
,
&
ceaseth
not
vntyl
it
discouer
it selfe
vnto
the
open
ayer
:
At
whiche
time
,
it
sheweth
foorth
certaine
bewtifull
colours
in
the
steede
of
floures
,
rounde
stones
of
golden
earth
in
the
steede
of
frutes
,
and
thynne
plates
in
steede
of
leaues
.
These
are
they
whiche
are
disparcled
throughout
the
hole
Ilande
by
the
course
of
the
ryuers
,
eruptions
of
the
spr●nges
owte
of
the
montaines
,
and
violent
faules
of
the
fluddes
.
For
they
thincke
that
such
graines
are
not
engendered
where
they
are
gathered
:
especially
on
the
dry
land
:
but
otherwise
in
the
riuers
.
They
say
that
the
roote
of
the
golden
tree
extendeth
to
the
center
of
the
earth
&
there
taketh
norishēmt
of
increase
.
The
roote
of
the
golden
tree
.
For
the
deaper
that
they
dygge
,
The
braunches
of
the
golden
tree
.
they
fynd
the
trunkes
therof
to
be
so
muche
the
greater
as
farre
as
they
maye
folowe
it
for
abundaunce
of
water
springing
in
the
montaines
.
Of
the
braunches
of
this
tree
,
they
fynde
summe
as
smaule
as
a
threde
,
and
other
as
bygge
as
a
mannes
fynger
accordynge
to
the
largenesse
or
straightnesse
of
the
ryftes
and
clyftes
.
They
haue
sumetimes
chaunced
vpon
hole
caues
susteyned
and
borne
vp
as
it
were
with
golden
pyllars
:
Caues
susteyned
with
pyllers
of
golde
.
And
this
in
the
wayes
by
the
whiche
the
branches
ascende
:
The
whiche
beynge
fylled
with
the
substaunce
of
the
truncke
creapynge
from
beneath
,
the
branche
maketh
it selfe
waye
by
whiche
it
maye
passe
owte
.
The
stones
of
the
golde
mynes
.
It
is
oftentymes
diuided
by
encounterynge
with
sum
kynde
of
harde
stone
.
Yet
is
it
in
other
clyftes
noorisshed
by
the
exhalations
and
vertue
of
the
roote
.
But
now
perhappes
yowe
will
aske
me
what
plentie
of
golde
is
brought
from
thense
.
Yowe
shall
therfore
vnderstande
that
onely
owte
of
Hispaniola
,
what
●old
is
brought
yerely
from
hispaniola
into
Spayne
.
the
sum
of
foure
hundreth
and
sumtymes
fyue
hundreth
thousande
ducates
of
gold
is
brought
yearely
into
Spayne
:
as
may
be
gathered
by
the
fyfthe
portion
dewe
to
the
kynges
Excheker
,
which
amounteth
to
the
sum
of
a
hundreth
and
fourscore
,
or
fourescore
and
ten
thousande
Castellanes
of
golde
,
and
sumtymes
more
.
What
is
to
bee
thought
of
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
and
Sancti
Iohannis
(
otherwise
cauled
Burich●na
)
beyng
both
very
ryche
in
golde
,
we
wyll
declare
further
hereafter
.
To
haue
sayde
thus
muche
of
golde
,
Salte
of
the
mountaynes
,
very
hard
and
cleare
.
it
shall
suffyce
.
Wee
wyll
nowe
therfore
speake
sumwhat
of
salte
wherwith
wee
may
season
and
reserue
suche
thynges
as
are
bought
with
golde
.
In
a
region
of
the
prouince
of
Bainoa
,
in
the
montaynes
of
Daiaguo
,
about
twelue
myles
distant
from
the
salte
lake
cauled
Caspius
,
there
are
salte
bayes
in
the
montaynes
in
a
maner
as
hard
as
stoones
,
also
clearer
and
whiter
then
cristall
.
There
are
lykewyse
suche
salte
baies
whiche
growe
woonderfully
in
Lai●ta●ia
(
now
cauled
Cataloma
)
in
the
territorie
of
the
duke
of
Cadona
the
chiefe
ruler
in
that
region
.
But
suche
as
knowe
theym
bothe
,
affyrme
that
these
of
Bainoa
are
moste
notable
.
They
saye
also
that
this
can
not
be
clefte
without
wedges
and
beatelles
of
Iron
.
But
that
of
Lale●ana
,
Salt
as
hard
as
stones
.
maye
easlye
bee
broken
as
I
my selfe
haue
proued
.
They
therfore
compare
this
to
suche
stoones
as
may
easely
bee
broken
:
And
the
other
to
marble
.
In
the
prouince
of
Caizimu
▪
in
the
regions
of
Iguanama
,
Caiacoa
,
and
Guariagua
,
there
are
sprynges
whose
waters
are
of
maruelous
nature
,
Sprynges
of
salt
,
fresshe
and
sower
water
.
beynge
in
the
superfytial
or
vppermooste
parte
,
fre●he
:
In
the
myddest
,
myxte
of
salte
and
fre●he
:
And
in
the
lowest
parte
,
salte
and
sower
.
They
thincke
that
the
salte
water
of
the
sea
,
issheweth
owte
softely
,
and
the
freshe
,
to
sprinke
owte
of
the
mountaines
.
The
one
fauleth
downe
and
the
other
ryseth
:
&
are
not
therfore
so
vniue●sally
myxt
wherby
the
one
may
vtterly
corrupt
thother
.
If
any
man
laye
his
eare
to
the
grounde
neare
to
any
of
these
springe●
,
he
shal
perceaue
the
ground
there
to
bee
so
hollowe
,
holowe
caues
in
the
grounde
that
the
reboundyng
noyse
of
a
horseman
comminge
may
be
harde
for
the
space
of
three
myles
,
and
a
foote
man
one
myle
.
In
the
laste
region
towarde
the
southe
named
Guaccaiarima
,
in
the
lordshyp
of
Zauana
,
Certeyne
wyld
men
lyuing
in
caue●
and
dennes
they
say
there
are
certeyne
wyld
men
whiche
lyue
in
the
caues
&
dennes
of
the
montaynes
,
contented
onely
with
wilde
fruites
.
These
men
neuer
vsed
the
companye
of
any
other
:
nor
wyll
by
any
meanes
becoome
tame
.
They
lyue
without
any
certaine
dwellynge
places
,
and
with
owte
tyllage
or
culturynge
of
the
grounde
,
as
wee
reade
of
them
whiche
in
oulde
tyme
lyued
in
the
golden
age
.
They
say
also
that
these
men
are
withowte
any
certaine
language
.
Men
without
a
certeyne
language
They
are
sumtymes
seene
.
But
owre
men
haue
yet
layde
handes
on
none
of
them
.
If
at
any
tyme
they
coome
to
the
syght
of
men
,
and
perceyue
any
makynge
toward
them
,
they
flye
swifter
then
a
harte
.
Ye
they
affyrme
them
to
bee
swifter
then
grehowndes
.
Men
as
swift
as
greihounds
What
one
of
these
solytarie
wanderers
dyd
,
it
is
worth
the
hearyng
.
So
it
is
that
owr
men
hauyng
granges
adioyning
nere
vnto
the
thicke
wods
,
certen
of
them
repaired
thither
in
the
mooneth
of
September
in
the
yeare
.
M.D.xiiii
.
In
the
meane
tyme
,
A
wyld
man
runneth
away
with
a
chylde
one
of
these
wylde
men
came
leapynge
owte
of
the
woodde
.
And
approchynge
sumwhat
toward
them
with
smyling
countenaunce
,
soodenly
snatched
vppe
a
childe
of
therse
beynge
the
soonne
of
the
owner
of
the
graunge
,
whiche
he
begotte
of
a
woman
of
the
Ilande
.
He
ranne
awaye
with
the
childe
,
and
made
sygnes
to
owre
men
to
folowe
hym
.
Many
folowed
aswel
of
owre
men
as
of
the
naked
inhabytantes
,
but
all
in
vayne
.
Thus
when
the
pleasaunt
wanderer
perceaued
that
the
Christians
ceased
to
pursue
hym
,
he
lefte
the
childe
in
a
crosse
waye
by
the
whiche
the
swyneheardes
were
accustomed
to
dryue
the
swyne
to
their
pasture
.
Shortly
after
,
a
swynchearde
founde
the
chyld
and
brought
hym
home
to
his
father
yet
tormentynge
hym selfe
for
sorowe
,
supposynge
that
wylde
man
to
haue
byn
one
of
the
kynde
of
the
Canibales
,
and
that
his
soonne
was
nowe
deuowred
.
In
the
same
Ilande
they
gather
pytche
whiche
sweateth
owte
of
the
rockes
,
Pitche
of
the
rocke
.
beynge
muche
harder
and
sourer
then
the
pitche
of
the
tree
:
and
is
therfore
more
commodious
to
calke
or
defende
shyppes
ageynste
the
woormes
cauled
Bromas
,
wherof
wee
haue
spoken
largely
before
.
This
Ilande
also
bryngeth
foorth
pitche
in
two
kyndes
of
trees
,
Pitche
of
two
kyndes
of
trees
.
as
in
the
Pyne
tree
and
an
other
named
Copeia
.
I
neede
not
speake
of
the
pyne
tree
,
The
pine
tree
.
bycause
it
is
engendered
and
knowen
in
maner
euery
where
.
Lette
vs
therfore
speake
sumwhat
of
the
other
tree
cauled
Copeia
:
The
tree
Copeia
.
Pitche
is
lykewyse
gathered
of
it
as
of
the
pyne
tree
:
althoughe
summe
saye
that
it
is
gathered
by
distyllyng
or
droppyng
of
the
woode
when
it
is
burnt
.
It
is
a
straunge
thynge
to
here
of
the
leafe
thereof
:
and
how
necessary
prouision
of
nature
is
shewed
in
the
same
.
It
is
to
be
thought
that
this
is
the
tree
in
the
leaues
wherof
the
Chaldeans
(
beynge
the
fyrste
fynders
of
letters
)
expressed
their
myndes
before
the
vse
of
paper
was
knowen
.
The
leafe
of
a
tree
in
the
steede
of
paper
.
This
leafe
is
a
spanne
in
breadth
and
almost
round
.
Owre
men
write
in
them
with
pynnes
or
nedles
or
any
suche
instrumentes
made
of
metall
or
woodde
,
in
maner
as
well
as
on
paper
.
It
is
to
bee
lawghed
at
what
owre
men
haue
perswaded
the
people
of
the
Ilande
as
towchynge
this
leafe
.
They
beleue
that
leaues
do
speake
.
The
symple
soules
beleue
that
at
the
commandement
of
owre
men
,
leaues
do
speak
and
disclose
secreates
.
A
pretie
storie
.
They
were
brought
to
this
credulitie
by
this
meanes
.
One
of
owre
men
dwellynge
in
the
citie
of
Dominica
the
chiefe
of
the
Ilande
,
delyuered
to
his
seruaunte
(
beyng
a
man
borne
in
the
Ilande
)
certayne
rosted
connies
,
(
whiche
they
caule
Vtias
beynge
no
bygger
then
myse
)
wyllynge
hym
to
carie
the
same
to
his
frende
whiche
dwelte
further
within
the
Ilande
.
This
messenger
,
whether
it
were
that
he
was
therto
constrayned
through
hunger
,
or
entysed
by
appetite
,
deuoured
three
of
the
counnies
by
the
waye
.
He
to
whome
they
were
sente
,
writ
to
his
frynde
in
a
leafe
howe
manye
he
receaued
.
When
the
mayster
had
looked
a
whyle
on
the
leafe
in
the
presence
of
the
seruaunt
,
he
sayde
thus
vnto
hym
.
Ah
soonne
,
where
is
thy
faythe
?
Coulde
thy
gredye
appetyte
preuayle
so
muche
with
the
as
to
cause
the
to
eate
the
connies
commytted
to
thy
fydelytie
?
The
poore
wretche
trembelynge
and
greatlye
amased
,
confessed
his
faute
:
And
therwith
desyred
his
mayster
to
tell
hym
howe
he
knewe
the
treweth
therof
.
This
leafe
(
quod
he
)
whiche
thou
browghtest
me
,
hath
toulde
me
all
.
Then
hee
further
rehearsed
vnto
hym
the
houre
of
his
coommynge
to
his
frende
,
Ignorance
causeth
admiration
.
and
lykewyse
of
his
departynge
when
hee
retourned
.
And
thus
they
meryly
deceaue
these
seely
soules
and
keepe
theym
vnder
obedyence
:
In
so
muche
that
they
take
owre
men
for
goddes
,
at
whose
coommaundement
leaues
doo
disclose
suche
thynges
as
they
thyncke
mooste
hyd
and
secreate
.
Bothe
the
sydes
of
the
leafe
receaueth
the
formes
of
letters
euen
as
dooeth
owre
paper
.
The
leafe
wherin
they
wryte
.
It
is
thycker
then
double
parchement
,
and
meruelous
toughe
.
While
it
is
yet
florys●hynge
and
newe
,
it
sheweth
the
letters
whyte
in
greene
.
And
when
it
is
drye
,
it
becommeth
whyte
and
harde
lyke
a
table
of
woodde
:
but
the
letters
wexe
yelowe
.
It
dooeth
not
corrupte
or
putrifye
:
nor
yet
looseth
the
letters
thoughe
it
bee
wette
:
nor
by
any
other
meanes
excepte
it
bee
burnte
.
There
is
an
other
tree
named
Xagua
:
the
iuise
of
whose
soure
apple
beynge
of
a
darke
redde
coloure
,
A
stronge
colour
of
the
iuise
of
an
apple
.
stayneth
and
coloureth
what
soo
euer
is
touched
therwith
:
And
that
soo
fyrmely
,
that
noo
wasshynge
canne
take
it
awaye
for
the
space
of
twentie
dayes
.
When
the
apple
is
full
ripe
,
the
iuise
looseth
that
strength
.
The
apple
is
eaten
,
and
of
good
tast
.
There
is
also
an
herbe
whose
smoke
(
as
we
haue
rehersed
the
like
before
of
a
certen
woodde
)
is
deadly
poison
.
On
a
tyme
when
the
kynges
assembled
together
and
conspired
the
destruction
of
owre
men
,
An
herbe
who●e
smoke
is
poyson
.
where
as
they
durste
not
attempte
th
enterprise
by
open
warre
,
theyr
diuise
was
,
priuilye
to
lay
many
bundels
of
those
herbes
in
a
certeyne
house
,
whiche
shortly
after
they
intended
to
set
on
fyer
,
to
thinten●
that
owre
men
makynge
haste
to
quenshe
the
same
,
myght
take
theyr
death
with
the
smoke
therof
.
But
theyr
purposed
practyse
beinge
bewrayed
,
th
autours
of
the
diuise
were
punysshed
accordyngly
.
Nowe
(
moste
holy
father
)
for
as
much
as
yowre
holynesse
wryteth
that
what
so
euer
we
haue
written
of
the
newe
worlde
,
dooth
please
yowe
ryght
well
,
wee
wyll
reherse
certeyne
thynges
owte
of
order
,
but
not
greatly
from
owre
purpose
.
Of
the
settynge
the
rootes
of
Maizium
Agis
,
Iucca
,
Battatas
,
and
such
other
beinge
theyr
common
foode
,
and
of
thuse
of
the
same
,
we
haue
spoken
sufficiently
before
.
But
by
what
meanes
they
were
fyrste
applyed
to
the
commoditie
of
men
,
we
haue
not
yet
declared
.
We
nowe
therefore
entende
to
entreate
sumwhat
hereof
.
¶
The
nynth
booke
of
the
thyrde
Decade
.
THEY
saye
that
the
fyrste
inhabitours
lyued
contented
with
the
rootes
of
dates
,
The
kyndes
of
frutes
wherwith
th
inhabitantes
lyued
fyrst
.
and
Magueans
,
which
is
an
herbe
muche
lyke
vnto
that
which
is
commonly
cauled
Sengrene
or
Orpin
.
Also
the
rootes
of
Guaiegans
,
whiche
are
rounde
and
greate
muche
lyke
vnto
puffes
of
the
earth
or
mussheromes
.
They
did
lykewise
eate
Guaieros
,
lyke
vnto
perseneppes
:
Cibaios
lyke
nuttes
,
Cabaioes
and
Macoanes
,
lyke
vnto
onions
,
with
dyuers
other
suche
rootes
.
They
say
that
after
many
yeares
,
a
certeyne
Boi●ion
,
that
is
,
a
wyse
oulde
man
,
sawe
vppon
the
bankes
syde
,
a
bushe
lyke
vnto
fenel
:
and
transplantyng
the
roote
therof
,
brought
it
from
wyldenes
to
a
better
kynde
,
by
noorysshynge
it
in
gardens
.
Necessitie
the
moother
of
all
artes
.
This
was
the
begynnynge
of
Iucca
,
which
at
the
fyrste
was
deadely
poyson
to
all
suche
as
dyd
eate
therof
rawe
.
But
for
as
muche
as
they
perceaued
it
to
bee
of
pleasaunte
taste
,
they
determyned
many
wayes
to
proue
the
vse
therof
:
And
at
the
length
founde
by
experience
that
beinge
sodde
or
fryed
,
it
was
lesse
hurtefull
:
by
whiche
meanes
also
,
they
came
to
the
knowledge
of
the
veneme
lyinge
hyd
in
the
iuse
of
the
roote
.
Thus
by
dryinge
,
saltynge
,
seasonynge
,
and
otherwyse
temperynge
it
,
they
brought
it
to
theyr
fine
breade
which
they
caule
Cazabbi
,
The
fine
breade
Cazabb●
,
made
of
the
rootes
of
Iucca
.
more
delectable
and
holsome
to
the
stomacke
of
manne
then
breade
made
of
wheate
,
bycause
it
is
of
easyer
digestion
.
The
same
is
to
bee
vnderstoode
of
other
rootes
and
the
grayne
of
Maizium
whiche
they
haue
chosen
for
their
chiefe
meate
amonge
the
seedes
of
nature
,
as
we
reade
howe
Ceres
the
doughter
of
Saturnus
,
howe
Ceres
fyrst
founde
wheate
and
●arly
in
Egypte
.
gathered
wheate
and
barley
(
with
suche
other
corne
as
are
nowe
most
in
vse
amonge
men
)
in
Egypte
of
certeyne
graynes
taken
owt
of
the
mudde
dryuen
from
the
mountaynes
of
Ethiopia
by
th
increase
of
the
ryuer
Nilus
,
and
lefte
in
the
plaine
at
such
tyme
as
Nilus
resorted
ageyne
to
his
chanell
.
For
the
which
facte
,
we
reade
that
the
antiquitie
gaue
diuine
honour
to
Ceres
,
who
fyrst
norished
and
increased
such
chosen
seedes
.
There
are
innumerable
kyndes
of
Ages
:
The
●ootes
of
ages
.
the
varietie
wherof
,
is
knowen
by
theyr
leaues
and
floures
.
One
kynde
of
these
,
is
cauled
Guanaguax
.
This
is
whyte
boothe
within
&
without
An
other
named
Guaraguei
is
of
vyolet
colour
without
&
white
within
.
The
other
kyndes
of
Ages
,
they
caul
Zazaueios
.
These
are
redde
without
and
whyte
within
.
Squiuetes
,
are
whyte
within
and
without
.
Tunna
,
is
all
together
of
vyolet
coloure
.
Hobos
is
yelowe
booth
of
skynne
and
inner
substance
.
There
is
an
other
named
A●ibunicix
:
The
skynne
of
this
is
of
violet
colour
,
and
the
substance
whyte
.
Aniguamar
,
hath
his
skynne
also
of
vyolet
coloure
,
and
is
whyte
within
.
Guaccaracca
.
hath
a
whyte
skynne
,
and
the
substance
of
vyolet
colour
.
There
are
many
other
which
are
not
yet
brought
to
vs
.
But
I
feare
me
least
in
the
rehearsall
of
these
,
The
autour●
excu●e
.
I
shal
prouoke
the
spurres
of
malicious
persons
ageynst
me
which
wyll
scorne
these
owr
doinges
for
that
we
haue
wrytten
of
many
such
smaule
thinges
to
a
prince
occupyed
in
suche
weyghty
affayres
,
as
vnto
yowre
holynes
vppon
whose
shulders
resteth
the
burthen
of
the
hole
Christian
worlde
.
But
I
wolde
aske
of
these
malycious
en●yers
of
other
mens
trauayles
,
whether
Plinie
and
such
other
famous
wryters
,
Plinie
.
when
they
dyrected
and
dedicated
such
thinges
to
kynges
and
princes
,
entended
only
to
profyte
them
to
whom
they
consecrated
the
frute
of
theyr
knowleage
.
They
sumtymes
intermyxte
famous
thynges
with
obscure
thynges
,
lyght
with
heauie
,
and
greate
with
smaule
,
that
by
the
foortheraunce
of
princes
,
theyr
vniuersall
posteritie
myght
enioye
the
fruition
of
the
knowleage
of
thynges
.
At
other
tymes
also
,
beinge
intent
about
particular
thinges
,
and
desyrous
of
newe
thynges
,
they
occupyed
them selues
in
the
searchinge
of
particular
tractes
and
coastes
,
with
suche
thynges
as
nature
brought
foorth
in
the
same
,
by
this
meanes
to
coome
the
better
to
more
absolute
and
vniuersal
knowleage
.
Let
theym
therefore
contemne
owre
doinge
:
And
wee
wyll
laugh
to
scorne
,
not
theyr
ignoraunce
and
slothfulnes
,
but
pernicious
curiousnes
:
And
therewith
hauynge
pitie
of
theyr
frowarde
dispositions
,
wyll
commit
theim
to
the
venemous
serpentes
of
whome
enuie
tooke
his
fyrst
orginall
.
It
shall
in
the
meane
tyme
abundantly
contente
vs
that
these
thynges
do
please
yowre
holynes
:
And
that
yowe
doo
not
dispise
owre
simple
vestures
wherwith
we
haue
only
weaued
togyther
and
not
adourned
,
gathered
and
not
described
such
maruelous
thynges
in
the
garnyshynge
wherof
,
nature
hath
sufficiently
shewed
her
cunnynge
.
Owre
desyre
is
none
other
but
herein
for
yowre
sake
to
doo
owre
endeuoure
that
these
thynges
maye
not
peryshe
.
Let
euery
man
take
hereof
what
lyketh
hym
best
.
Of
the
sheepe
or
bullocke
soulde
in
the
market
,
nothynge
remayneth
in
the
euenynge
,
bycause
the
shulder
pleaseth
one
,
the
legge
an
other
,
and
the
necke
an
other
.
Ye
,
sume
haue
most
phantasie
to
the
bowels
,
and
sume
to
the
feete
.
Thus
hauynge
enough
wandered
,
lette
vs
returne
to
owre
purpose
and
declare
with
what
woordes
they
salute
the
kynges
chyldren
when
they
are
fyrst
borne
:
or
howe
they
apply
the
begynnyng
of
theyr
lyues
to
the
end
:
And
why
their
kynges
are
cauled
by
many
names
.
Therfore
when
the
kynge
hath
a
sonne
borne
,
such
as
dwel
neare
about
his
pallaice
or
vyllage
,
repayre
to
the
queenes
chamber
,
where
one
saluteth
the
newe
borne
chylde
with
one
name
,
and
an
other
with
an
other
name
.
By
what
names
they
salute
the
kynges
chyldren
when
they
are
borne
.
God
saue
the
thowe
shyninge
lampe
sayth
one
:
An
other
cauleth
him
bryght
and
cleare
.
Sume
name
him
the
victourer
of
his
enemies
:
and
other
sume
,
the
puissaunt
conquerour
descended
of
bludde
royall
,
and
bryghter
then
gold
,
with
dyuers
other
suche
vayne
names
.
Therfore
lyke
as
euery
of
the
Romane
emperours
was
cauled
Adiabenicus
,
The
names
and
ytles
of
the
Romane
Emperours
.
Par●●icus
,
Armenicus
,
Dacicus
,
Go●bicus
,
and
Germanicus
,
accordynge
to
the
titles
of
theyr
parentes
and
auncestours
,
euen
so
by
th
imposition
of
names
inuented
by
other
kynges
,
Beucbicus
Anacachoa
the
lord
of
the
region
of
Xaragua
(
of
whome
and
of
the
wyse
woman
Anachaona
his
syster
,
we
haue
spoken
largely
in
the
fyrste
Decade
)
was
cauled
by
all
these
names
folowynge
:
Tureigua
Hobin
:
whiche
is
as
muche
to
saye
,
as
,
a
kynge
shynynge
as
bryght
as
laton
.
Starei
,
that
is
,
bryghte
:
Huibo
,
hyghnesse
:
Duih●ynequen
,
a
ryche
fludde
.
With
all
these
names
and
more
then
fortye
other
suche
,
dooeth
kynge
Beuchius
magnifye
hym selfe
as
often
as
he
commaundeth
any
thynge
to
bee
doone
or
causeth
any
proclamation
to
bee
made
in
his
name
.
If
the
cryer
by
neglygence
leaue
owte
any
of
these
names
,
the
king
thynketh
it
to
sounde
greatly
to
his
contumely
and
reproche
.
The
lyke
is
also
of
other
.
Howe
fondely
they
vse
them
selues
in
makynge
their
testamentes
,
howe
they
make
theyr
testamente●
wee
wyll
nowe
declare
.
They
leaue
th
inheritaunce
of
their
kyngedomes
to
th
eldest
soonnes
of
their
eldest
systers
.
If
shee
fayle
,
to
th
eldest
of
the
seconde
syster
and
so
of
the
thirde
if
the
second
also
faile
.
For
they
are
owte
of
doubte
that
those
children
coome
of
their
bludde
.
But
the
children
of
their
owne
wyues
,
they
counte
to
bee
not
legitimate
.
If
there
remayne
none
of
their
systers
children
,
they
leaue
th
inheritaunce
to
their
broothers
.
So
dyd
grea
Alexander
And
if
they
faile
,
it
descendeth
to
their
owne
soonnes
.
Laste
of
all
,
if
al
these
faile
,
they
assygne
it
to
the
woorthiest
,
as
to
hym
that
is
of
greatest
power
in
all
the
Ilande
,
that
he
may
defende
their
subiectes
from
their
auncient
enemyes
.
They
take
as
many
wyues
as
them
lysteth
.
They
suffer
the
best
beloued
of
the
kynges
wyues
,
and
concubynes
to
bee
buryed
with
hym
.
The
kynges
wyues
and
concubines
are
buryed
with
hym
.
Anachaona
the
syster
of
Beuchius
the
kyng
of
Xaragua
,
being
a
woman
of
suche
wisedome
and
cunnynge
that
in
makynge
of
rhymes
and
balettes
shee
was
counted
a
prophetisse
emonge
the
beste
,
commaunded
,
that
emonge
all
the
wyues
and
concubynes
of
the
kinge
her
brother
,
the
fayrerest
(
whose
name
was
Guanahattabenechina
)
shulde
be
buried
alyue
with
him
,
and
two
of
her
waytyng
maydes
with
her
.
Shee
woolde
also
haue
appointed
dyuers
other
to
that
offyce
,
if
shee
had
not
byn
otherwise
perswaded
by
the
prayers
of
certeyne
fryers
of
saincte
Fraunces
order
whiche
chaunced
then
to
bee
presente
.
They
burie
theyr
iewels
with
them
.
A
dreame
of
an
other
lyfe
after
this
.
They
saye
that
this
Guanahattabenechina
had
none
in
all
the
Iland
comparable
to
her
in
bewtie
.
She
buried
with
her
all
her
iewelles
and
twentie
of
her
best
ornamentes
.
Their
custome
is
,
to
place
besyde
euery
of
them
in
their
sepultures
,
a
cuppe
full
of
water
and
a
portion
of
the
fyne
breade
of
Cazabbi
.
In
Xaragua
,
the
regyon
of
this
kynge
Beuchius
,
and
in
Hazua
,
parte
of
the
regyon
of
Caiabo
,
also
in
the
fayre
vale
of
salte
and
freshe
lakes
,
and
lykewise
in
the
region
of
Yaquino
in
the
prouynce
of
Bainoa
,
it
rayneth
but
seldome
.
where
it
rayneth
but
seldome
.
In
al
these
regyons
are
fosses
or
trenches
made
of
oulde
tyme
,
wherby
they
conueye
the
waters
in
order
to
water
their
fyeldes
,
with
no
lesse
arte
then
doo
th
inhabitours
of
newe
Carthage
,
and
of
the
kyngedome
of
Murcien
in
Spartaria
for
the
feldoome
faule
of
rayne
.
The
region
of
Maguana
,
deuydeth
the
prouynce
of
Bainoa
from
Caiabo
,
where
it
rayneth
much
.
and
Zauana
from
Guaccaiarima
.
In
the
deepe
vales
,
they
are
troubled
with
raine
more
often
then
ned●th
.
Also
the
confynes
of
the
chiefe
citie
named
saincte
Dominike
are
moister
then
is
necessary
.
In
other
places
,
it
rayneth
moderately
.
There
are
therfore
in
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
,
dyuers
&
variable
motions
of
the
elementes
,
Uariable
motions
of
the
elementes
.
as
we
reade
the
lyke
of
manye
other
regions
.
Of
their
colonies
or
mantions
which
the
Spaniardes
haue
erected
in
this
Ilande
we
haue
spoken
suffycientelye
beefore
.
The
colonies
and
vyllages
which
the
Spanyardes
haue
buylded
They
haue
sence
that
tyme
buylded
these
vyllages
:
Portus
Platae
,
Portus
Regalis
,
Lares
,
Villanoua
,
Azuam
,
and
Saluaterra
.
Hauynge
sayde
thus
muche
of
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
the
moother
and
ladye
of
the
other
Ilandes
,
The
other
Ilandes
about
hispaniola
,
and
as
it
were
Tethys
the
moste
bewtifull
wyfe
of
Neptunus
the
god
of
the
sea
,
let
vs
nowe
entreate
sumwhat
of
her
Nymphes
and
faire
Nereides
whiche
waite
vppon
her
and
adourne
her
on
euery
syde
.
Wee
wyll
therfore
begynne
at
the
nearest
cauled
the
newe
Arethusa
,
The
Ilande
Arethusa
.
soo
named
of
the
fontayne
Arethusa
in
the
Ilande
of
Sicilie
.
This
is
famous
by
reason
of
a
sprynge
:
but
otherwyse
vnprofytable
.
Owre
men
named
it
of
late
,
Duas
Arbores
,
bycause
it
hath
onely
twoo
trees
groynge
in
it
:
nere
vnto
the
whiche
is
a
fountaine
that
commeth
from
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
throughe
the
secreate
passages
of
the
earth
vnder
the
sea
,
and
breaketh
foorth
in
this
Ilande
,
as
the
ryuer
Alpeus
in
Achaia
runneth
vnder
the
sea
from
the
citie
of
Elide
,
and
breaketh
foorth
in
the
Ilande
of
Sicilie
in
the
fountayne
Arethusa
.
A
sprynge
runnyng
vnder
the
sea
frome
hispan●ola
to
Arethusa
.
That
the
fountayne
of
this
newe
Arethusa
hath
h●s
original
from
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
,
it
is
manifest
hereby
,
that
the
water
isshewynge
owte
of
the
fountayne
,
bryngeth
with
it
the
leaues
of
many
trees
whiche
growe
in
Hispaniola
,
and
not
in
this
Ilande
.
They
saye
that
the
fountayne
hath
his
originall
from
the
ryuer
Yiamiroa
in
the
region
of
Guaccaiarima
confynynge
with
the
land
of
Zauan●
This
Ilande
is
not
pas●e
a
myle
in
circuite
,
and
commodious
for
fyssher
men
.
Directly
towarde
the
Easte
(
as
it
were
the
porter
kepynge
the
enterie
to
Tothys
)
lyeth
the
Ilande
of
Sancti
Iohannis
(
otherwise
cauled
Burichena
)
wherof
wee
haue
spoken
largely
before
.
The
Iland
of
Sancti
Iohannis
.
This
aboundeth
with
golde
:
and
in
fruitefull
soile
,
is
equall
with
her
moother
Hispaniola
.
In
this
are
many
colonies
or
mansions
of
Spaniardes
,
whiche
applye
them selues
to
gatherynge
of
golde
.
Towarde
the
west
on
the
Northe
syde
,
great
Cuba
(
for
the
longenesse
therof
,
The
Ilande
of
Cuba
.
longe
supposed
to
be
the
continent
or
fyrme
lande
)
wardeth
owre
Tethys
on
the
backe
halfe
.
This
is
muche
longer
then
Hispaniola
:
And
from
the
Easte
to
the
Weste
,
is
diuyded
in
the
myddest
with
the
circle
cauled
Tropicus
Cancri
.
Hispaniola
and
the
other
lyinge
on
the
South
syde
of
this
,
are
included
almost
in
the
mydde
space
betwene
the
sayde
Tropyke
and
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
,
habitable
regions
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
.
whiche
many
of
the
oulde
writers
supposed
to
bee
vnhabitable
&
desert
by
reason
of
the
feruent
heate
of
the
soonne
in
that
clyme
as
they
coniectured
.
But
they
were
deceaued
in
their
opinion
.
They
affyrme
that
rytcher
golde
mynes
are
founde
in
Cuba
then
in
Hispaniola
.
The
ryche
golde
mynes
of
Cuba
.
They
saye
also
that
euen
nowe
while
I
wryte
these
thynges
,
there
is
golde
gathered
together
ready
to
the
meltyng
,
amountynge
to
the
quantitie
of
a
hundreth
and
fourescore
thousande
Castellans
of
gold
,
an
argument
surely
of
great
rychesse
.
Iamaica
is
more
towarde
the
Southe
then
these
:
The
Iland
of
Iamaica
.
And
is
a
pleasaunte
and
fruitefull
Ilande
,
of
soyle
apte
for
corne
,
graffes
,
and
settes
,
it
consysteth
of
onely
one
mountayne
.
Th
inhabitauntes
are
warrelyke
men
and
of
good
wytte
.
Colonus
compared
it
to
Sicilie
in
bygnesse
.
They
whiche
of
late
searched
it
more
exactely
,
saye
that
it
is
sumwhat
lesse
:
but
not
muche
.
It
is
thought
to
be
without
gold
and
precious
stoones
,
as
the
like
was
supposed
of
Cuba
at
the
begynnynge
.
The
Ilande
of
Guadalupea
(
fyrste
named
Caraqueira
)
lyinge
on
the
Southe
syde
of
Hispaniola
,
The
Iland
of
Guadalupea
.
is
foure
degrees
nearer
the
Equinoctiall
.
It
is
eaten
and
indented
with
two
goulfes
(
as
wee
reade
of
great
Britanye
nowe
cauled
Englande
,
and
Calidonia
nowe
cauled
Scotlande
)
beinge
in
maner
two
Ilandes
.
England
and
Scotlande
.
It
hath
famous
portes
,
In
this
they
founde
that
gumme
whiche
the
Apothecaries
caule
Animae
Album
,
The
gumme
cauled
Anim●
album
.
whose
fume
is
holesome
ageynst
reumes
and
heauynesse
of
the
heade
.
The
tree
whiche
engendereth
this
gumme
,
beareth
a
fruite
muche
lyke
to
a
date
,
Dates
.
beinge
a
spanne
in
length
.
When
it
is
opened
,
it
seemeth
to
conteyne
a
certayne
sweete
meale
.
As
owre
husbande
men
are
accustomed
to
reserue
chestenuttes
and
suche
other
harde
fruites
all
the
wynter
,
soo
do
they
the
dates
of
this
tree
,
Pine
trees
.
beynge
muche
lyke
vnto
a
sygge
tree
.
They
founde
also
in
this
Ilande
,
Pyne
trees
of
the
beste
kynde
,
and
suche
other
deyntie
dysshes
of
nature
,
wherof
wee
haue
spoken
largely
before
.
Ye
,
they
thyncke
that
th
inhabitauntes
of
other
Ilandes
,
had
their
seedes
of
soo
many
pleasaunt
frutes
from
hense
.
For
the
Canibales
beinge
a
wylde
and
wanderynge
people
,
The
Caniba●es
.
and
ouer
runnynge
all
the
countreys
aboute
them
to
hunte
for
mannes
fleshe
,
were
accustomed
to
brynge
home
with
them
what
so
euer
they
founde
straunge
or
profytable
in
any
place
.
They
are
intractable
,
and
wyll
admytte
no
straungiers
.
It
shall
therfore
bee
needefull
to
ouercoome
them
with
great
poure
.
whereby
it
was
thought
that
there
were
Ilandes
of
women
.
For
as
well
the
women
as
men
,
are
experte
archiers
,
and
vse
to
inueneme
their
arrowes
.
When
the
men
go
foorthe
of
the
lande
a
man
huntynge
,
the
women
manfully
defende
their
coastes
ageynst
suche
as
attempte
to
inuade
the
same
.
And
hereby
I
suppose
it
was
thought
that
there
were
Ilandes
in
the
Ocean
,
inhabited
onely
with
women
,
as
Colonus
the
admirall
hym selfe
perswaded
me
,
as
I
haue
sayde
in
the
fyrste
decade
.
This
Ilande
hath
also
frutefull
mountaynes
and
playnes
,
and
notable
ryuers
.
It
nouryssheth
honye
in
trees
,
and
in
the
caues
of
rockes
,
hony
in
trees
and
ro●kes
.
as
in
Palma
one
of
the
Ilandea
of
Canarie
,
honye
is
gathered
emong
the
briers
and
bramble
busshes
.
Aboute
.xviii.
myles
Easteward
from
this
Iland
,
lieth
an
Iland
which
owr
men
named
Desiderata
,
The
Ilande
Desiderata
.
brynge
.xx.
myles
in
circuite
and
verye
fayre
.
Also
aboute
ten
myles
from
Guadalupea
towarde
the
Southe
,
lyeth
the
Ilande
of
Galanta
,
The
Ilande
Galanta
.
beynge
thirtie
myles
in
circuite
and
playne
.
It
was
so
named
for
the
neatenesse
and
bewtifulnes
therof
.
Nyne
myles
distant
from
Guadalupea
toward
the
East
,
there
are
syxe
smaule
Ilandes
named
Todos
Sanctos
or
Barbara
.
The
Ilandes
of
Todos
Sanctos
or
Barbara
.
These
are
full
of
rockes
and
barren
:
Yet
necessarye
to
bee
knowen
to
suche
as
vse
to
trauayle
the
seas
of
these
coastes
.
Ageyne
,
from
Guadalupea
.xxxv.
myles
towarde
the
Northe
,
there
is
an
Ilande
named
Monsserratus
,
The
Ilande●
monsserratus
conteynynge
in
circuite
fortye
myles
,
hauynge
also
in
it
a
mountayne
of
notable
heyght
.
The
Ilande
named
Antipua
,
The
Ilande
Antiqua
,
distante
from
Guadalupea
thirtie
myles
,
is
aboute
fortye
myles
in
circuite
.
Diegus
Colonus
the
soonne
and
heyre
of
Christophorus
Colonus
,
tould
me
that
his
wyfe
(
whome
he
lefte
in
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
a●
his
comming
into
Spaine
to
the
courte
)
did
write
vnto
hym
,
that
of
late
emonge
the
Ilandes
of
the
Canibales
,
there
is
one
founde
whiche
aboundeth
with
golde
.
On
the
lefte
syde
of
Hispaniola
towarde
the
Southe
,
neare
vnto
the
hauen
Botea
,
there
lyeth
an
Ilande
named
Portus
Bellus
.
The
Ilande
Portus
Bellus
Great
Tortoyses
.
They
tell
maruelous
thynges
of
the
monsters
of
the
sea
aboute
this
Ilande
,
and
especially
of
the
tortoyses
.
For
they
saye
that
they
are
bygger
then
greate
rounde
targettes
.
At
suche
tyme
as
the
h●ate
of
nature
moueth
theym
too
generation
,
The
generation
of
Tortoyses
.
they
coome
foorthe
of
the
sea
:
And
makynge
a
deepe
pytte
in
the
sande
,
they
laye
three
or
foure
hundreth
egges
therin
.
When
they
haue
thus
emptied
their
bagge
of
conception
,
they
putte
as
muche
of
the
sande
ageyne
into
the
pytte
,
as
maye
suffyce
to
couer
the
egges
:
And
soo
resorte
ageyne
to
the
sea
,
nothynge
carefull
of
their
successyon
.
At
the
daye
appoynted
of
nature
to
the
procreation
of
these
beastes
,
there
creapeth
owte
a
multitude
of
tortoyses
,
as
it
were
pyssemares
swarmynge
owte
of
an
ante
hyll
:
And
this
onely
by
the
heate
of
the
soonne
withowte
any
helpe
of
their
parentes
.
They
saye
that
their
egges
are
in
maner
as
bygge
as
geese
egges
.
The
egges
o●
Tortoyses
.
They
also
coompare
the
fleshe
of
these
tortoyses
,
to
be
equall
with
veale
in
taste
.
There
are
besyde
these
,
innumerable
Ilandes
the
whiche
they
haue
not
yet
searched
:
Innumerable
Ilandes
.
nor
yet
is
it
greatly
necessarye
to
syfte
this
meale
so
fynely
.
It
maye
suffyce
to
vnderstond
that
there
are
large
landes
&
many
regyons
whiche
shal
hereafter
receaue
owre
nations
,
tounges
,
and
maners
:
and
therwith
embrase
owre
relygion
.
The
Troyans
dydde
not
soodenly
replenyshe
Asia
,
Troians
.
the
Tyrians
Libia
,
Tirians
.
nor
the
Greekes
and
Phoenices
Spayne
.
Greekes
.
P●en●t●ns
.
As
touchynge
the
Ilandes
which
lye
on
the
north
syde
of
Hispaniola
,
I
haue
let
passe
to
speake
.
For
albeit
they
are
commodious
for
ty●lage
and
fysshynge
,
yet
are
they
lefte
of
the
Spanyardes
as
poore
and
of
smaule
value
.
The
North
Iland●s
.
We
wyll
nowe
therefore
take
owre
leaue
of
this
owlde
Tethis
with
her
moyst
and
watery
Nymphes
:
The
Ilandes
of
the
south
sea
,
And
receaue
to
owre
newe
acquaintance
the
bewetifull
ladye
of
the
South
sea
rychely
crowned
with
great
pearles
,
the
Ilande
of
Dites
beinge
ryche
both
in
name
and
in
treasure
.
In
my
epistell
booke
whiche
I
sente
vnto
yowre
holynes
this
last
yeare
,
I
declared
howe
Vaschus
Nunnez
Balboa
the
capitayne
of
them
whiche
passed
ouer
the
daungerous
mountaynes
towarde
the
South
sea
,
The
Iland
of
pearles
.
learned
by
report
that
in
the
prospect
of
those
coastes
there
laye
an
Ilande
aboundynge
with
pearles
of
the
greatest
sorte
:
And
that
the
kynge
therof
was
ryche
and
of
great
power
,
infestynge
with
warres
the
other
kynges
his
bortherers
,
and
especially
Chiapes
and
Tumacchus
.
We
declared
further
howe
at
that
tyme
it
was
lefte
vntouthed
by
reason
of
the
ragynge
tempestes
whiche
troubled
that
South
sea
three
moonethes
in
the
yeare
.
But
it
is
nowe
better
knowen
to
owre
men
,
who
haue
nowe
also
brought
that
fierce
kynge
to
humanitie
:
and
conuerted
hym
from
a
cruell
tyger
to
one
of
the
meeke
sheepe
of
Christes
flocke
sanctifyed
with
the
water
of
baptisme
with
all
his
famelie
and
kyngedome
.
wylde
beasts
must
be
tamed
with
the
rod.
It
shall
not
therefore
bee
from
owre
purpose
to
declare
by
the
gouernaunce
of
what
capitaines
or
by
what
meanes
these
thynges
were
so
happely
atchyued
.
¶
The
tenth
booke
of
the
thyrde
Decade
.
TT
the
arryuall
of
Petrus
Arias
the
newe
gouernour
of
Dariena
,
he
gaue
commaundment
that
one
Gaspar
Moralis
shulde
take
in
hande
th
expedition
to
the
Ilande
of
Dites
.
An
expedition
to
the
Ilande
of
Dites
in
the
south
sea
He
therefore
tooke
his
vyage
fyrst
to
Chiapes
and
Tumacchus
kynges
of
the
South
,
whom
Vaschus
beefore
had
concyled
and
lefte
fryndes
to
the
Christians
.
They
frendely
and
magnifycally
enterteyned
owr
men
who
prepared
them
a
nauie
of
the
kynges
boates
to
passe
ouer
into
this
Ilande
,
which
they
caule
Dites
and
not
Margarita
or
Margaritea
,
The
Iland
of
Margaritea
.
although
it
abounde
with
pearles
which
in
the
latin
tonge
are
cauled
Margaritae
.
For
they
fyrst
cauled
an
other
by
this
name
,
which
lyeth
next
to
the
mouth
of
Os
Draconis
in
the
region
of
Paria
,
O●
Draconis
.
Paria
.
in
the
which
also
is
founde
greate
plentie
of
pearles
.
Gaspan
brought
with
hym
onely
threescore
armed
men
to
the
Ilande
,
for
that
he
coulde
conuey
ouer
no
greater
number
by
reason
of
the
smaulenes
and
narownes
of
theyr
boates
or
barkes
which
they
caule
Culchas
,
made
of
one
hole
piece
of
tymber
as
we
haue
sayde
b●fore
.
A
conflict
.
The
kynge
of
the
Ilande
came
foorth
ageinst
them
fiercely
with
cruell
and
threatenynge
countenaunce
,
and
with
a
great
bande
of
armed
men
cryinge
in
maner
of
a
larome
and
in
token
of
the
battayle
,
Guazzauara
,
Guazzauara
,
which
is
as
much
to
saye
as
,
battayle
ageynst
the
enemie
:
And
is
as
it
weare
a
watch
worde
to
giue
th
onset
,
wherwith
also
they
threwe
theyr
dartes
.
For
they
haue
not
thuse
of
bowes
.
They
were
so
obstinate
and
desperate
that
they
assayled
owre
men
with
foure
Guazzauaras
▪
that
is
,
battayles
.
At
the
length
owre
men
with
certeyne
of
Chiapes
and
Tumacchus
men
(
beinge
oulde
enemies
to
this
kynge
of
the
Ilande
,
gotte
the
vpper
hande
by
reason
they
assayled
the
kynge
soodenly
and
vnwares
.
Yet
was
he
determyned
to
assemble
a
greater
power
,
and
once
ageyne
to
attempt
the
fortune
of
warre
,
but
that
he
was
otherwyse
persuaded
by
the
kinges
his
bortherers
which
counceled
him
to
gyue
ouer
and
submyt
hym selfe
:
sumtyme
by
th
exemple
of
them selues
and
other
threatenynge
the
destruction
of
his
flooryshynge
kyngedome
:
And
otherwhyles
declarynge
vnto
hym
the
humanitie
and
gentelnes
of
owre
men
,
by
whose
frendship
he
might
obteyne
honoure
and
quyetnes
to
hym
and
his
:
wyllyng
hym
furthermore
to
consider
what
chaunced
vnto
them
which
the
yeare
before
resysted
and
aduentured
the
hasarde
of
the
battayle
as
dyd
these
kynges
,
Poncha
,
Pocchorrosa
,
Quarequa
,
Chiapes
,
and
Tumaccus
with
such
other
.
By
these
persuasions
,
the
king
submytted
hym selfe
and
came
freendely
to
owre
men
whom
he
conducted
to
his
palaice
which
they
say
to
be
maruelously
adourned
and
princelyke
.
The
kynge
of
the
Ilande
of
Dites
submitteth
him selfe
.
As
soone
as
they
entered
into
the
pallaice
,
The
kynges
pal●aice
.
he
brought
foorth
a
basket
of
curious
woorkemanshyp
and
full
of
pearles
which
he
gaue
them
.
The
summe
of
these
pearles
amounted
to
the
weyght
of
a
hundreth
and
ten
poundes
after
.viii.
vnces
to
the
pounde
.
A
hundreth
&
ten
pounde
weight
of
pearles
.
Beinge
ageyne
rewarded
of
owre
men
with
such
tryfles
as
they
brought
with
them
of
purpose
,
as
garlandes
of
Christall
and
glasse
and
other
counterfet
stones
of
dyuers
colours
,
with
lookyng
glasses
also
and
laton
belles
,
and
especially
two
or
three
Iren
hatchets
(
which
they
more
esteme
then
great
heapes
of
gold
)
he
thaught
hym selfe
abundantly
recompensed
.
axes
and
hatchets
more
esteemed
than
golde
.
They
laughe
owre
men
to
scorne
that
they
wyll
departe
with
so
great
and
necessarie
a
thynge
for
any
summe
of
golde
:
affyrmynge
an
axe
or
hatchet
to
bee
profytable
for
manye
vses
of
men
:
and
that
golde
serueth
onely
for
wanton
pleasures
,
and
not
to
be
greatly
necessary
.
Beynge
therfore
ioyfull
and
gladde
of
the
frendeshyppe
of
owre
men
,
he
tooke
the
capitaine
by
the
hand
and
brought
him
with
certeine
of
his
familiars
to
the
highest
towre
of
his
palaice
,
from
whense
they
myght
prospecte
the
mayne
sea
.
The
kynges
woordes
.
Then
castyng
his
eyes
about
hym
on
euery
side
,
and
lookynge
towarde
the
Easte
,
he
sayde
vnto
them
.
Beholde
here
lyeth
open
before
yowe
the
infynite
sea
extended
beyond
the
soonne
beames
.
Then
tournyng
hym
toward
the
Southe
and
Weste
,
he
sygnyfied
vnto
them
that
the
lande
which
laye
before
their
eyes
,
the
toppes
of
whose
great
montaynes
they
myght
see
,
Ilandes
rych
in
golde
and
pearles
.
was
exceadynge
large
.
Then
coommynge
sumwhat
nearer
,
he
sayde
:
Beholde
these
Ilandes
on
the
ryght
hande
and
on
the
lefte
,
whiche
all
obeye
vnto
owre
empyre
,
and
are
ryche
,
happye
,
and
blessed
,
if
yowe
caule
those
landes
blessed
whiche
abounde
with
golde
and
perle
.
Wee
haue
in
this
Ilande
lyttle
plentie
of
golde
:
But
the
deepe
places
of
all
the
seas
aboute
these
Ilandes
,
are
full
of
perles
:
wherof
yowe
shall
receaue
of
me
as
many
as
yow
wyll
requyre
,
so
that
ye
persyste
in
the
bonde
of
frendeshyppe
whiche
yowe
haue
begunne
.
I
greatly
desyre
yowre
frendeshyppe
,
and
woolde
gladlye
haue
the
fruition
of
yowre
thynges
,
whiche
I
sette
muche
more
by
then
myllyons
of
perles
.
Yowe
shall
therfore
haue
no
cause
to
doubte
of
any
vnfaythfulnesse
or
breache
of
frendeshyppe
on
my
behalfe
.
Owre
men
gaue
hym
lyke
frendly
woordes
:
and
encouraged
hym
with
many
fayre
promysses
to
doo
as
he
had
sayde
.
When
owre
men
were
nowe
in
a
redynesse
to
departe
,
they
couenaunted
with
hym
to
paye
yearely
to
the
greate
kynge
of
Castyle
a
hundreth
pounde
weyghte
of
perles
.
C.
pounde
weyght
of
perles
yerely
for
a
tribute
.
He
gladlye
agreed
to
their
request
,
and
tooke
it
for
no
great
thyng
:
nor
yet
thought
hym selfe
any
whitte
the
more
to
becoome
tributarie
.
With
this
kynge
they
founde
suche
plentie
of
hartes
and
connies
,
Plentie
of
hartes
and
conni●●
.
that
owre
men
stondynge
in
their
houses
myght
kyll
as
manye
as
them
lyste
with
their
arrowes
.
They
lyue
heare
verye
pleasauntly
,
hauynge
greate
plentie
of
al
thynges
necessary
.
This
Ilande
is
scarsely
syxe
degrees
distant
from
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
.
They
haue
the
same
maner
of
breade
made
of
rootes
and
the
graine
of
Maizium
,
and
wyne
made
of
seedes
and
fruites
,
wyne
of
fruites
and
sedes
euen
as
they
haue
in
the
region
of
Comogra
and
in
other
places
aswell
in
the
Ilandes
as
in
the
firme
lande
.
This
kynge
is
nowe
baptised
with
all
his
familye
▪
and
subiectes
.
The
kynge
is
baptised
.
His
desyre
was
at
his
baptisme
,
to
bee
named
Petrus
Arias
after
the
name
of
the
gouernour
.
When
owre
men
departed
,
he
accompanied
them
to
the
sea
syde
and
furnysshed
them
with
boates
to
retourne
to
the
continent
.
The
fyft
part
of
perles
due
to
the
kynge
.
Owre
men
diuided
the
perles
emonge
them
,
reseruyng
the
fyfte
portion
to
be
delyuered
to
th
offycers
of
the
kynges
Excheker
in
those
partes
.
They
saye
that
these
perles
were
maruelous
precious
,
faire
,
oriente
,
and
exceadynge
bygge
:
Byg
perles
.
In
so
muche
that
they
broughte
manye
with
theym
bygger
then
hasell
nuttes
.
Of
what
pryce
and
value
they
myghte
bee
,
I
consyder
by
one
perle
the
which
Paulus
predicessour
to
yowre
holines
,
A
perle
for
a
pope
.
bowght
at
the
second
hand
of
a
marchant
of
Uenece
for
foure
&
forty
thousande
ducates
.
Yet
emonge
those
whiche
were
brought
from
this
Ilande
,
there
was
one
bought
euen
in
Dariena
for
a
thousande
and
two
hundreth
Castelans
of
golde
.
This
was
almost
as
bygge
as
a
meane
walnutte
:
An other
perle
of
great
price
.
And
came
at
the
length
to
the
handes
of
Petrus
Arias
the
gouernoure
,
who
gaue
it
to
that
noble
and
faithefull
woman
his
wyfe
,
of
whose
maner
of
departure
with
her
husbande
,
wee
haue
made
mention
before
.
Wee
muste
then
needes
thinke
that
this
was
verye
precious
which
was
bowght
so
deare
emonge
suche
a
multitude
of
perles
where
they
were
not
bought
by
one
at
once
,
but
by
poundes
and
at
the
least
by
ounces
.
It
is
also
to
be
thought
that
the
Uenecian
marchaunte
boughte
his
for
no
great
sum
of
mony
in
the
East
parts
.
But
he
sould
it
the
dearer
for
that
he
chaunced
to
lyue
in
those
lasciuious
and
wanton
dayes
when
men
were
gyuen
to
suche
nyse
and
superfluous
pleasures
,
Nise
and
superfluous
pleasures
.
and
mette
with
a
marchaunt
for
his
purpose
.
But
lette
vs
nowe
speake
sumwhat
of
the
shelfysshes
in
the
whiche
perles
are
engendered
.
It
is
not
vnknowen
to
yowre
holynesse
,
that
Aristotell
,
and
Plinie
his
folower
,
were
of
dyuers
opinions
as
concernynge
the
generation
of
perles
.
Dyuers
opinions
of
the
generation
of
pearles
.
But
these
Indians
and
owre
men
,
rest
onely
in
one
assertion
,
not
assentyng
to
them
in
any
other
:
as
eyther
that
they
wander
in
the
sea
,
or
that
they
moue
at
anye
tyme
after
they
are
borne
.
They
wyll
therfore
that
there
bee
certayne
gree●●
places
as
it
were
medowes
in
the
bottome
of
the
sea
,
h●rbes
in
the
bottome
of
the
sea
.
bryngynge
foorthe
an
herbe
muche
lyke
vnto
thyme
,
and
affyrme
that
they
haue
seene
the
same
:
And
that
they
are
engendered
,
norysshed
,
and
growe
therin
,
as
wee
see
th
increase
and
succession
of
oysters
to
growe
aboute
them selues
.
Also
that
these
fysshes
delyteth
not
in
the
conuersation
or
coompanye
of
the
sea
dogges
:
Nor
yet
to
bee
contented
with
onely
one
,
twoo
,
or
three
,
or
at
the
moste
foure
pearles
:
Affyrmyng
that
in
the
fysshynge
places
of
the
kynge
of
this
Ilande
,
there
was
founde
a
hundreth
pearles
in
one
fyshe
,
A
hundreth
perles
●n
one
shell
fysshe
.
the
whirhe
Gaspar
Moralis
the
capitayne
hym selfe
,
and
his
coompanions
,
diligently
numbered
.
For
it
pleased
the
kynge
at
their
beynge
there
&
in
their
presence
,
to
commaund
his
diuers
to
go
a
fysshynge
for
those
kynde
of
fysshes
.
They
compare
the
matrices
of
these
fysshes
,
The
matrice
of
the
perle
fysshe
.
to
the
places
of
conception
in
hennes
,
in
the
whiche
their
egges
are
engendered
in
great
multitudes
and
clusters
:
And
beleue
that
these
fysshes
brynge
foorth
their
byrth
in
lyke
maner
.
For
the
better
profe
wherof
,
they
saye
that
they
founde
certaine
pearles
coommynge
foorthe
of
their
matreces
,
as
beynge
nowe
coome
to
the
tyme
of
their
full
rypenesse
,
The
●yrth
of
perles
.
and
moued
by
nature
to
coome
owte
of
their
moothers
wombe
openynge
it selfe
in
tyme
conuenient
.
Lykewise
that
within
a
while
after
,
they
sawe
other
succede
in
lyke
maner
.
So
that
to
conclude
,
they
sawe
sum
coommynge
foorthe
,
and
other
summe
yet
abydinge
the
tyme
of
their
perfection
:
whiche
beyng
complete
,
they
also
became
loose
and
opened
the
matrice
.
They
perceaued
the
pearles
to
bee
inclosed
in
the
myddest
of
their
bellies
,
there
to
bee
noris●hed
and
increase
as
an
infante
suckynge
his
moothers
pappes
within
her
wombe
,
before
hee
moue
to
coome
foorthe
of
her
priuye
places
.
And
if
it
chaunce
any
of
these
shelfysshes
to
be
founde
scatered
in
the
sande
of
the
sea
(
as
I
my selfe
haue
seene
oysters
disparcled
on
the
shores
in
diuers
places
of
the
Ocean
)
they
affyrme
that
they
haue
byn
violently
dryuen
thither
from
the
bottome
of
the
sea
by
force
of
tempestes
,
and
not
to
haue
wandered
thither
of
them selues
.
But
,
that
they
becoome
white
by
the
clearenesse
of
the
mornynge
dewe
,
or
waxe
yelowe
in
troubled
wether
,
or
otherwyse
that
they
●eeme
to
reioyse
in
faire
wether
and
cleare
ayer
,
or
contrarywyse
to
bee
as
it
were
astonisshed
and
dymme
in
thunder
and
tempestes
,
with
suche
other
,
the
perfecte
knowledge
hereof
is
not
to
bee
looked
for
at
the
handes
of
these
vnlearned
men
whiche
handell
the
matter
but
grossely
,
and
enquire
no
further
then
occasyon
serueth
.
Yet
do
they
affyrme
by
th
experience
and
industrie
of
the
dyuers
,
that
the
greatest
pearles
lye
in
the
deepest
places
,
where
the
byggest
,
meane
,
and
least
pearles
are
engendred
they
of
the
meane
sorte
hygher
,
and
the
least
hyghest
of
all
and
nearer
to
the
brymme
of
the
water
.
And
saye
therfore
that
the
greatest
do
not
wander
:
but
that
they
are
created
,
nourysshed
,
and
increase
in
the
deepest
places
of
the
sea
,
whether
fewe
,
dyuers
,
and
that
but
seeldome
dare
aduenture
to
diue
so
deepe
to
gather
them
,
aswel
for
feare
of
the
sea
crabbes
whiche
wander
emonge
these
perle
fyshes
to
feede
of
them
,
Sea
crabbes
and
for
feare
of
other
monsters
of
the
sea
,
as
also
leste
their
brethe
shuld
fayle
them
into
long
remayninge
in
the
water
.
And
this
they
saye
to
bee
the
cause
why
the
owldest
and
therfore
byggest
sea
muscles
,
The
sea
muscles
wherin
perles
are
engendred
.
inhabyte
the
deepest
places
from
whense
they
are
not
lyghtly
moued
by
tempestes
.
Furthermore
,
howe
muche
the
bygger
and
oulder
these
fyshes
are
,
they
say
that
in
their
larger
matrices
,
the
greater
number
and
bygger
pearles
are
founde
:
And
that
for
this
cause
,
there
are
fewer
founde
of
the
byggest
sorte
.
They
thyncke
also
,
that
when
they
fyrste
faule
from
their
fysshes
in
the
deepe
places
,
they
are
deuoured
of
other
fysshes
,
bycause
they
are
not
yet
harde
.
Ageyne
,
the
smaulest
differ
from
the
byggest
in
a
certayne
swellynge
or
impostumation
whiche
the
Spaniardes
caule
a
tympane
.
For
they
denye
that
to
be
a
pearle
which
in
oulde
muscles
cleaueth
fast
to
the
shel
:
But
that
it
is
a
warte
,
whiche
beynge
rased
from
the
shell
with
a
fyle
,
is
rounde
and
bryght
but
onely
of
one
syde
,
and
not
precious
,
beynge
rather
of
the
nature
of
the
fyshe
it selfe
,
then
of
a
pearle
.
They
confesse
that
they
haue
seene
certayne
of
these
muscles
cleauynge
on
rockes
:
Yet
these
but
fewe
,
and
nothynge
woorthe
.
It
is
also
to
bee
thought
that
the
pearle
fysshes
or
sea
muscles
whiche
are
founde
in
India
,
Arabie
,
the
redde
sea
,
or
Taprobana
,
are
ruled
in
suche
order
as
the
afore
named
famous
autours
haue
written
.
For
their
opinion
herein
is
not
vtterly
to
bee
reiected
,
forasmuche
as
they
were
learned
men
and
trauayled
longe
in
the
serchynge
of
these
thynges
.
But
wee
haue
nowe
spoken
suffyciently
of
these
sea
fysshes
and
of
their
egges
which
the
fonde
nysenes
and
wantonnesse
of
men
haue
made
dearer
then
the
egges
of
hennes
or
geese
.
Lette
vs
therfore
entreate
sumwhat
of
other
particular
thynges
whiche
are
coome
to
owre
knowledge
of
late
.
We
haue
elles
where
largely
described
the
mouthes
of
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
,
with
sundrye
and
variable
regions
diuided
with
the
manyfolde
goulfes
of
that
sea
.
But
asconcernynge
the
West
coastes
in
the
whiche
owre
men
haue
buylded
houses
and
planted
their
habitations
on
the
bankes
of
Dariena
,
I
haue
no
newe
matter
to
write
.
Yet
as
touching
the
East
partes
of
the
goulfe
,
The
regions
of
the
●ast
syde
of
the
goulfe
of
Uraba
,
I
haue
learned
as
foloweth
.
They
saye
that
the
vnyuersal
lande
of
the
East
region
of
the
goulfe
from
the
corner
therof
farre
reachynge
into
the
sea
,
and
from
the
extreame
or
vtter
moste
mouthe
of
the
same
receauynge
the
waters
of
the
sea
whiche
faule
into
it
,
euen
vnto
Os
Draconis
and
Paria
,
is
by
one
generall
name
cauled
Caribana
,
The
region
of
Caribana
.
of
the
Caribes
or
Canibales
whiche
are
founde
in
euery
regyon
in
this
tracte
.
But
from
whense
they
had
their
particular
originall
,
The
original
of
the
Canibales
.
and
howe
leauynge
their
natiue
soyle
,
they
haue
spredde
their
generation
so
farre
lyke
a
pestiferous
contagion
,
wee
wyll
nowe
declare
.
Therfore
from
the
fyrste
fronte
reachynge
foorth
into
the
sea
(
in
whose
tracte
we
said
that
Fogeda
fastened
his
foote
)
toward
the
corner
,
about
nyne
myles
distant
,
there
lyeth
a
vyllage
of
Caribana
named
Fu●craca
.
The
vylages
of
Caribana
.
Three
myles
distant
from
this
,
is
the
vyllage
of
Vraba
,
of
the
whiche
it
is
thoughte
that
the
hole
goulfe
tooke
his
name
,
because
this
vyllage
was
once
the
heade
of
the
kyngedome
.
Aboute
syxe
myles
from
this
,
is
Fe●i
.
Nyne
myles
from
Feti●
,
is
Zerema
:
Manhun●ers
.
And
about
twelue
myles
from
this
,
Sorache
.
Owre
men
founde
all
these
vyllages
full
of
people
,
all
the
whiche
gyue
them selues
onely
to
manhuntynge
.
In
so
muche
that
if
they
lacke
enemyes
ageynst
whom
they
maye
keepe
warre
,
they
exercise
crueltie
ageynst
them selues
,
and
eyther
sleye
the
one
the
other
,
or
elles
dryue
the
vanquysshed
to
flyghte
.
Whereby
it
is
apparante
that
by
these
their
continuall
warres
,
and
dryuynge
the
one
the
other
owte
of
their
countreis
,
this
infection
hath
gonne
so
farre
not
onelye
on
the
fyrme
lande
,
but
also
into
the
Ilandes
.
I
was
also
aduertised
of
an
other
thynge
the
whiche
to
my
iudgement
,
seemeth
woorthye
to
bee
putte
in
memorye
.
One
Corrales
a
iudge
in
causes
of
lawe
amonge
the
Spanyardes
of
Dariena
,
sayth
that
on
a
tyme
walkyng
abrode
with
his
booke
in
his
hande
,
he
met
by
the
waye
with
a
fugityue
which
had
stedde
from
the
great
landes
lyinge
farre
toward
the
weste
,
and
remayned
here
wyth
a
Kynge
wyth
whom
he
was
enterteyned
.
When
this
man
perceaued
the
lawier
lookynge
on
his
booke
,
marueylynge
thereat
,
he
came
runninge
vnto
him
,
and
by
interpretours
of
the
kynge
whom
he
serued
,
spake
thus
vnto
him
:
Haue
yowe
also
bookes
wherin
yowe
may
reserue
thynges
in
perpetual
memorye
?
Bookes
.
Loke
in
the
begynnyng
of
the
booke
of
the
landes
lately
founde
.
And
letters
wherby
yowe
may
declare
yowre
mynde
to
suche
as
are
absent
?
And
herewith
desyred
that
the
booke
might
bee
opened
vnto
hym
,
supposyng
that
he
shulde
therein
haue
founde
the
letters
of
his
owne
countrey
.
But
when
he
sawe
theim
vnlyke
,
he
sayde
further
that
in
his
countrey
there
were
cities
fortified
with
waules
and
gouerned
by
lawes
:
and
that
the
people
also
vsed
apparell
.
But
of
what
religion
they
were
,
I
dyd
not
learne
.
Yet
had
owre
men
knowleage
both
by
the
woordes
and
signes
of
this
fugitiue
,
that
they
were
circumcised
.
Circumcised
people
.
What
nowe
thinke
yowe
hereby
(
most
holy
father
)
Or
what
do
yowe
diuine
may
come
hereof
when
tyme
shall
subdue
al
these
vnder
yowre
throne
?
what
chaunced
to
the
Capitaines
whiche
the
gouernour
sent
dyuers
wayes
,
Let
vs
nowe
entermyngle
certeyne
smaule
thynges
amonge
these
great
matters
.
I
haue
not
thought
good
to
pretermitte
that
which
chaunced
to
Iohannes
Solysius
,
who
,
to
searche
the
South
syde
of
the
supposed
continent
,
departed
with
three
shippes
from
porte
Ioppa
(
not
farre
distante
from
the
Ilandes
of
Gades
or
Cales
in
the
Ocean
)
the
fourth
day
of
the
Ides
of
September
in
the
yeare
.
M
D.
xv
.
Or
what
successe
Iohannes
Pontius
had
,
whom
the
newe
gouernour
Petrus
Arias
appoynted
to
vanquishe
and
destroy
the
Caribes
or
Canibales
,
deuourers
of
mans
fleshe
.
Looke
decade
iii.
liber
.vi.
Also
to
what
ende
the
vyages
of
the
other
capitaynes
came
,
whiche
were
sent
foorth
dyuers
wayes
at
the
same
tyme
:
As
Gonzalus
Bada●ocius
,
Franciscus
Bezerra
,
and
Valleius
,
Iohannes
Solicius
tooke
the
matter
in
hande
in
an
euyll
houre
.
The
vyage
of
Iohannes
Solisius
.
He
sayled
beyonde
the
poynt
of
saynt
Augustine
,
(
which
they
caule
Cabo
.
S.
Augustini
)
toward
the
South
syde
of
the
supposed
continent
beyonde
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
.
Cap.
S.
Augusti●i
.
For
(
as
we
haue
sayde
before
)
that
poynt
reacheth
Southwarde
to
the
seuenth
degree
of
the
South
poole
cauled
the
pole
Antartike
.
He
proceaded
in
that
viage
syxe
hundreth
leagues
:
And
founde
the
lande
from
the
poynte
to
extende
so
farre
towarde
the
South
beyonde
the
Equinoctiall
,
that
he
came
to
the
thirtie
degree
of
the
South
pole
.
As
he
sayled
thus
forwarde
,
hauynge
nowe
on
his
backe
halfe
the
starres
named
Caput
Draconis
,
(
that
is
,
the
dragons
heade
)
and
the
regions
of
Paria
lyinge
northwarde
frome
hym
,
and
prospectynge
towarde
the
pole
Artyke
,
he
chaunced
to
faule
into
the
handes
of
the
fylthye
Canibales
.
Iohn
Solysius
is
slaine
of
the
Canibales
.
For
these
craftie
foxes
seemed
to
make
signes
of
peace
,
when
in
theyr
mindes
they
conceaued
a
hope
of
a
daintie
banquet
:
The
fiercenes
of
the
Canibale●
.
And
espying
their
enemies
a
farre
of
,
beganne
to
swalowe
theyr
spettle
as
their
mouthes
watered
for
greedines
of
theyr
pray
.
As
vnhappye
Solys●us
descended
with
as
many
of
his
coompanie
as
coulde
enter
into
the
boate
of
the
byggest
shippe
,
soodenly
a
great
multytude
of
th
inhabitantes
bruste
foorth
vppon
them
,
and
slew
them
euery
man
with
clubbes
,
euen
in
the
syght
of
theyr
felowes
.
They
caried
away
the
boate
,
and
in
a
moment
broke
it
all
to
fytters
.
Not
one
man
escaped
.
Theyr
furie
not
thus
satisfied
,
they
cutte
the
slayne
men
in
pieces
euen
vppon
the
shore
where
theyr
felowes
might
beholde
this
horrible
spectacle
from
the
sea
.
But
they
being
stryken
with
feare
through
this
exemple
,
durst
not
coome
foorth
of
theyr
shyppes
,
or
diuise
howe
to
reuenge
the
death
of
theyr
Capitaine
and
coompanyons
.
They
departed
therefore
from
these
vnfortunate
coastes
:
And
by
the
waye
ladynge
theyr
shippes
with
brasell
returned
home
ageyne
with
losse
and
heauie
chere
.
Brasell
.
Of
these
thynges
I
was
aduertysed
of
late
by
theyr
owne
letters
.
What
they
haue
els
doone
,
I
shal
haue
more
particular
knowleage
hereafter
,
Iohannes
Pontius
was
also
repulsed
by
the
Canibales
in
the
Ilande
of
Guadalupea
beinge
one
of
the
chiefe
Ilandes
of
theyr
habitacion
.
Iohannes
Pō●ius
is
repulsed
by
the
Canibales
.
For
when
they
sawe
owre
men
a
farre
of
on
the
sea
,
they
ley
in
ambushe
soodenly
to
inuade
them
when
they
shulde
coome
alande
.
Owre
men
sent
foorth
a
fewe
foote
men
and
with
them
theyr
laundresses
to
wasshe
theyr
shertes
and
sheetes
.
For
from
the
Ilande
of
Ferrea
beinge
one
of
the
Ilandes
of
Canarie
(
euen
vnto
this
Ilande
,
for
the
space
of
foure
thousande
and
twoo
hundreth
myles
)
they
had
seene
no
lande
where
they
myght
fynde
any
fresshe
water
:
for
as
muche
as
in
all
this
large
space
,
the
Ocean
is
without
Ilandes
.
At
theyr
commynge
therfore
to
lande
,
the
Canibales
assayled
them
,
caried
awaye
the
women
,
and
put
the
men
to
suche
distresse
that
fewe
of
them
escaped
.
By
reason
wherof
,
Pontius
being
greately
discomfited
,
durste
not
inuade
the
Canibales
,
fearynge
theyr
venemed
arrowes
which
these
naked
manhunters
can
direct
most
certenly
.
Thus
good
Pontius
faylyng
of
his
purpose
,
was
fayne
to
gyue
ouer
the
Canibales
,
whome
(
beinge
safe
and
vnder
the
house
roufe
)
he
threatened
to
vanquyshe
and
destroy
.
Whether
he
went
from
thense
,
or
what
newe
thynges
he
founde
,
I
haue
as
yet
no
further
knowleage
.
By
these
mysfortunes
,
Solysius
loste
his
lyfe
,
and
Pontius
his
honour
.
Let
vs
nowe
speake
of
an
other
whose
enterpryse
came
to
lyke
purpose
the
same
yeare
.
Iohannes
Aiora
borne
in
the
citie
of
Corduba
,
The
vyage
of
Io●annes
Aior●
.
a
man
of
noble
parentage
,
sent
in
steade
of
the
Lieuetenaunt
(
as
we
haue
sayde
)
more
couetous
of
golde
then
carefull
of
his
charge
or
desyrous
of
prayse
for
well
deseruynge
,
Locke
decade
iii.
liber
,
v●
.
sought
occasions
of
querelynge
ageynst
the
kynges
and
spoyled
many
,
violently
extortynge
golde
of
them
ageynst
ryght
and
equitie
:
And
further
handeled
them
so
extremely
,
that
of
frendes
they
became
most
cruel
enemies
:
The
lewde
behau●ur
of
Iohn
Aiora
.
In
so
much
that
they
ceased
not
with
desperat
myndes
by
all
meanes
they
coulde
to
sley
owre
men
openly
or
priuilye
.
By
reason
wherof
it
is
coome
to
passe
,
that
where
before
they
bartered
quyetly
exchanginge
ware
for
ware
,
they
are
nowe
fayne
to
doo
all
thynges
by
force
of
armes
.
When
he
had
thus
exacted
a
great
quantitie
of
golde
of
them
(
as
it
is
sayd
)
he
fledde
priuilie
and
tooke
away
a
shyppe
with
him
by
stelth
as
the
common
rumoure
goeth
:
Nor
yet
hetherto
haue
we
hard
whyther
he
went
or
where
he
is
arryued
.
Sum
suspect
that
Petrus
Arias
the
gouernour
shulde
consente
to
his
departure
bycause
this
Iohannes
Aiora
is
brother
to
Gonsalus
Aiora
the
kynges
historiographer
,
a
man
booth
lerned
,
and
expert
in
the
discipline
of
warre
:
and
so
much
the
gouernours
frend
,
that
these
two
amonge
a
fewe
,
may
be
counted
exemples
of
rare
amitie
.
I
my selfe
also
am
greately
bounde
vnto
theym
bothe
and
haue
longe
enioyed
theyr
frendeshippe
.
Yet
shall
I
desyre
them
bothe
to
pardone
me
in
declarynge
my
phantasie
herein
,
that
in
all
the
turmoyles
and
tragicall
affayres
of
the
Ocean
,
nothynge
hath
so
muche
displeased
me
as
the
couetousnes
of
this
man
who
hath
so
disturbed
the
pacified
myndes
of
the
kynges
.
Nowe
emonge
these
troubelous
chaunces
,
let
vs
rehearse
the
variable
fortune
of
Gonsalus
Badaiccius
,
&
his
felowes
,
The
variable
fortune
of
Gō●alus
Bada●ocius
.
whose
prosperous
begynnynges
,
ended
with
vnfortunate
successe
.
Gonsalus
therfore
in
the
moneth
of
May
in
the
yeare
of
Christe
M.
D.
xv
.
departed
from
Dariena
with
fourescore
armed
men
,
directynge
his
vyage
towarde
the
Southe
,
and
restynge
in
no
place
vntyll
he
came
to
the
region
of
Cerabaro
which
owre
men
named
Gratia
Dei
,
Ce●abaro
.
Decade
.
iii.li.iii
.
distant
from
Dariena
about
a
hundreth
and
fourescore
myles
:
for
they
caule
it
threescore
leaques
.
He
spente
certeyne
dayes
here
in
Idelnesse
:
for
he
coulde
neyther
by
fayre
meanes
nor
by
foule
,
allure
the
kynge
of
the
regyon
to
coome
to
hym
.
While
he
laye
thus
idelly
,
there
came
to
hym
other
fyftie
men
sente
frome
Dariena
vnder
the
gouernaunce
of
capytayne
Lodouicus
Mercado
who
departed
from
Dariena
in
the
calendes
of
Maye
,
to
th
intent
to
searche
thinner
partes
of
those
regyons
.
When
they
mette
together
,
they
determyned
after
consultation
,
to
passe
ouer
the
montaynes
lyinge
towarde
the
Southe
,
euen
vnto
the
Southe
sea
latelye
founde
.
Beholde
nowe
a
wonderfull
thynge
:
That
in
a
lande
of
suche
maruelous
longitude
in
other
places
,
they
founde
it
here
to
bee
onely
aboute
fyftie
myles
distant
to
the
Southe
sea
:
The
South
sea
.
for
they
counte
it
.xvii.
leaques
,
A
leaque
conteyneth
foure
myles
by
sea
and
but
three
by
lande
.
as
the
maner
of
the
Spanyardes
is
to
reken
,
and
not
by
myles
.
Yet
saye
they
that
a
leaque
consysteth
of
three
myles
by
lande
and
foure
by
sea
as
wee
haue
noted
before
.
In
the
toppes
of
the
mountaynes
and
turnynge
of
the
waters
,
they
founde
a
kynge
named
Iuana
▪
whose
kyngedome
is
also
named
Coiba
as
is
the
regyon
of
kynge
Careta
,
of
whome
we
haue
made
mention
elles
where
.
But
for
as
muche
as
the
regyon
of
this
Iuana
,
is
rycher
in
golde
,
they
named
it
Coiba
Dites
,
The
golden
region
of
Coi●a
Dytes
.
that
is
,
Coiba
the
rych
.
For
,
whersoeuer
they
dygged
the
grounde
,
whether
it
were
on
the
drye
lande
or
in
the
weate
chanelles
of
the
ryuers
,
they
founde
the
sande
whiche
they
caste
foorthe
,
myxte
with
golde
.
Iuana
fledde
at
the
coommynge
of
owre
men
,
Sande
myxte
w●th
golde
.
howe
theyr
slaues
are
marked
in
the
face
.
and
coulde
neuer
bee
brought
ageyne
.
They
spoyled
all
the
countrey
neare
aboute
his
palayce
.
Yet
had
they
but
lyttle
golde
:
for
hee
had
caryed
all
his
stuffe
with
hym
.
Here
they
founde
certeyne
slaues
marked
in
the
faces
after
a
straunge
sorte
.
For
with
a
sharpe
prycke
made
eyther
of
bone
,
or
elles
with
a
thorne
,
they
make
holes
in
their
faces
:
and
foorthwith
sprinkelynge
a
pouder
theron
,
they
moiste
the
pounced
place
with
a
certeyne
blacke
of
redde
iuise
,
whose
substaunce
is
of
suche
tenacitie
and
claniminesse
,
that
it
wyll
neuer
weare
awaye
.
They
brought
these
slaues
away
with
them
.
They
saye
that
this
iuise
is
of
such
sharpnesse
and
putteth
them
to
suche
payne
,
that
for
extreeme
doloure
they
haue
no
stomacke
to
their
meate
certaine
dayes
after
.
The
kynges
whiche
take
these
slaues
in
their
warres
,
vse
their
helpe
in
seekynge
for
golde
and
in
tyllage
of
the
grounde
,
euen
as
do
owre
men
.
From
the
pallaice
of
Iuana
.
folowynge
the
course
of
the
water
aboute
tenne
myles
towarde
the
Southe
,
they
entered
into
the
dominion
of
an
other
kynge
,
whome
owre
men
named
the
oulde
man
,
bycause
hee
was
oulde
,
not
passynge
of
his
other
name
.
In
the
regyon
of
this
kynge
also
,
they
founde
golde
in
all
places
bothe
on
the
lande
and
in
the
ryuers
.
Golde
.
This
region
is
verye
fayre
and
frutefull
:
and
hath
in
it
many
famous
ryuers
.
Departynge
from
hense
,
in
fyue
dayes
iorneye
they
came
to
a
lande
lefte
desolate
.
They
suppose
that
this
was
destroyed
by
ciuile
discorde
for
as
muche
as
it
is
for
the
mooste
parte
fruiteful
,
A
fruteful
region
left
desolate
by
ciuile
discorde
.
and
yet
not
inhabited
.
The
fyfth
daye
,
they
sawe
two
men
commynge
a
farre
of
.
These
were
laden
with
breade
of
Maizium
,
whiche
they
caryed
on
their
shulders
in
sackes
.
Owre
men
tooke
them
:
and
vnderstoode
by
them
that
there
were
twoo
kynges
in
that
tracte
:
The
one
was
named
Periqu●te
,
kynge
Per●quete
.
whoe
dwelte
neare
vnto
the
sea
.
The
others
name
was
Totonoga
.
This
Totonoga
,
was
blynde
and
dwelte
in
the
continent
.
The
twoo
men
whiche
they
mette
,
were
the
fysshers
of
Totonoga
,
whome
he
had
sente
with
certayne
fardelles
of
fyshe
to
Periquete
,
and
had
ageyne
receaued
breade
of
hym
for
exchaunge
.
For
thus
do
they
communicate
their
commodities
one
with
an
other
by
exchaunge
,
without
●huse
of
wycked
money
.
By
the
conductinge
of
these
twoo
men
,
they
came
to
kynge
Totonoga
dwellynge
on
the
Weste
syde
of
sayncte
Michaelles
goulfe
in
the
Southe
sea
.
S.
Mi●hael
,
kynge
Totonoga
.
They
had
of
this
kynge
,
the
sum
of
syxe
thousande
Castellans
of
golde
bothe
rude
and
artifycially
wrought
.
Emonge
those
groumes
of
rude
or
natyue
golde
,
there
was
one
founde
of
the
weyghte
of
two
Castellans
,
Six
thousand
Cas●ellan●
of
golde
.
whiche
argued
the
plentifull
rychenesse
of
the
ground
.
Folowing
the
same
coastes
by
the
sea
syde
toward
the
West
,
they
came
to
a
kynge
whose
name
was
Taracuru
,
kyng
Taracuru
.
of
whome
they
had
golde
amountynge
to
the
weyght
of
eight
thousand
Pesos
.
viii
.
thou●and
pesos
of
gold
Wee
haue
sayde
before
that
Pesus
is
the
weyghte
of
a
Castelane
not
coyned
.
From
hense
they
wente
to
the
dominion
of
this
kynges
broother
named
Pananome
,
kynge
Pananome
.
who
fledde
at
their
commynge
,
and
appered
no
more
afterwarde
.
They
saye
that
his
kyngdome
is
ryche
in
golde
.
They
spoyled
his
pallaice
in
his
absence
.
Syxe
leaques
from
hense
,
they
came
to
an
other
kyng
named
Tabor
.
kyng
Tabor
.
From
thense
they
came
to
th●
kyng
of
Cheru
.
kynge
Cheru
.
He
frendly
enterteyned
owre
men
,
and
gaue
them
foure
thousande
Pesos
of
golde
.
●iii
.
thousande
pesos
of
gold
Salte
.
He
hathe
in
his
dominion
many
goodly
salte
dayes
:
the
region
also
aboundeth
with
golde
.
About
twelue
myles
from
hense
,
they
came
to
an
other
kyng
cauled
Anata
,
kyng
Anata
.
of
whome
they
had
.xv.
thousande
Pesos
of
golde
whiche
he
had
gotten
of
the
kinges
his
bortherers
whom
he
had
vanquisshed
by
warre
.
xv
.
thousande
pesos
of
gold
A
great
part
of
this
golde
was
in
rude
forme
bycause
it
was
molten
when
he
set
the
kynges
houses
on
fyer
whom
he
spoyled
.
Theyr
maner
of
warre
.
For
they
robbe
and
sley
the
one
the
other
,
sackynge
and
fyryng
their
villages
,
and
wastinge
their
countreys
.
They
keepe
warre
barbarously
and
to
vtter
destruction
,
executing
extreeme
crueltie
ageinst
them
that
haue
the
ouerthrowe
.
Gonsalus
Badaiocius
with
his
felowes
,
wandered
at
lybertie
vntyll
they
came
to
this
kyng
:
And
had
gathered
great
heapes
of
gold
of
other
kinges
.
For
,
what
in
braslettes
,
collers
,
earinges
,
breste
plates
,
helmettes
,
and
certeine
barres
wherwith
women
beare
vppe
their
brestes
,
they
had
gathered
together
in
gold
the
sum
of
fourescore
thousande
Castellans
,
Fourescore
thousand
Castellans
o●
golde
.
whiche
they
had
obteyned
partly
by
exchaunge
for
owre
thinges
where
they
founde
the
kinges
their
frendes
,
&
otherwise
by
forceible
meanes
where
they
founde
the
contrary
.
They
had
gotten
also
forty
slaues
whose
helpe
they
vsed
both
for
cariage
of
their
vitailes
and
bagagies
in
the
steade
of
moiles
or
other
beastes
of
burden
,
and
also
to
relieue
suche
as
were
sycke
and
forweried
by
reason
of
their
longe
iorneys
and
hunger
.
After
these
prosperous
viages
,
they
came
by
the
dominion
of
kynge
Scoria
,
kyng
Scoria
.
to
the
palaice
of
a
kynge
named
Pariza
:
kyng
Pariza
.
where
(
fearyng
no
such
thing
)
Pariza
enclosed
them
with
a
great
armye
,
Gasalus
Badaiocius
hath
the
ouerthrow
and
is
spoyled
of
grea●
ryches
of
golde
,
and
assayled
them
straggelyng
and
vnwares
,
in
suche
sorte
that
they
had
no
leasure
to
put
on
their
armure
.
He
slewe
and
wounded
about
fyftie
,
and
put
the
resydue
to
flyght
.
They
made
such●
hast
,
that
they
had
no
respect
eyther
to
the
gold
they
had
gathered
,
or
to
their
slaues
:
but
lefte
all
behynde
them
.
Those
fewe
that
escaped
,
came
to
Dariena
.
The
opinion
of
all
wyse
men
as
concernynge
the
varyable
and
inconstant
chaunces
of
fortune
in
humane
thinges
,
The
Inconstancie
of
fortune
.
were
false
,
if
al
thinges
shuld
haue
happened
vnto
them
prosperously
.
For
such
is
the
nature
of
this
blynde
goddesse
,
that
she
oftentimes
delyteth
in
the
ouerthrowe
of
them
whom
she
hath
exalted
:
and
taketh
plesure
in
confounding
hygh
thinges
with
lowe
,
and
the
contrary
.
Wee
see
this
order
to
bee
impermutable
,
that
who
soo
wyll
applye
hym selfe
to
gather
rootes
,
shall
sumtymes
meete
with
sweete
lyqueresse
,
and
other
whiles
with
soure
cockle
.
Yet
wo
vnto
Pariza
:
for
he
shall
not
longe
sleape
in
rest
.
The
gouernour
him selfe
was
of
late
determined
with
three
hundreth
and
fyftie
choise
souldiers
to
reuenge
the
death
of
owr
men
:
But
where
as
he
by
chaunce
fell
sycke
,
his
poure
went
forward
vnder
the
conducting
of
his
Lieuetenant
Gaspar
Spinosa
,
a
Iudge
in
cases
of
lawe
in
Dariena
.
At
the
same
time
other
were
sent
foorth
to
the
Ilande
of
Dites
to
exacte
the
portion
of
pearles
lymited
to
the
king
for
his
tribute
.
What
shal
succede
,
tyme
will
bring
to
owre
knowleage
.
The
other
two
,
attempted
th
inhabitantes
beyond
the
goulfe
Franciscus
Bezerra
passyng
ouer
by
the
corner
of
the
goulfe
and
the
mouthes
of
the
ryuer
of
Dabaiba
,
The
expedi●ion
of
Fraunces
Be●arra
●geynst
the
Canibales
.
with
two
other
capitaines
and
a
hundreth
and
fyftie
souldiers
well
appointed
,
went
to
make
warre
vppon
the
Canibales
euen
in
Caribana
their
owne
chiefest
dominion
,
toward
the
vyllage
of
Turusy
,
wherof
we
haue
made
mention
before
in
the
comming
of
Fogeda
.
They
brought
also
with
them
diuers
engens
of
warre
:
Gun●e●
.
as
●hree
pieces
of
ordinanunce
whose
shot
were
bygger
then
egges
:
Likewise
forty
archers
,
and
.xxv.
hagbutters
to
th
intent
to
reache
the
Caniballes
a
farre
of
,
and
to
preuent
their
venemed
arrowes
.
But
what
became
of
hym
and
his
company
,
or
where
they
arriued
,
we
haue
yet
no
parfecte
knowleage
.
Certaine
which
came
of
late
from
Dariena
to
Spaine
,
reported
that
at
their
departure
,
they
of
Dariena
stode
in
great
feare
least
they
also
were
tossed
with
sum
misfortune
.
The
other
capitaine
Valleius
,
Ualeius
●epulsed
of
the
Canibales
.
obteyned
the
fore
parte
of
the
goulfe
.
But
he
passed
ouer
by
an
other
waye
then
dyd
Bezerra
.
For
he
tooke
the
beginning
of
Caribana
,
and
Bezerra
the
ende
.
Valleius
returned
ageine
.
But
of
the
three
score
and
ten
men
whiche
he
conueighed
ouer
with
hym
,
hee
lefte
fortye
and
eyght
slaine
emonge
the
Canibales
.
These
are
the
newes
whiche
they
bringe
that
came
laste
from
Da●iena
.
There
came
to
me
the
day
before
the
Ides
of
October
in
this
yeare
M.D.xvi.
Rodericus
Colmenares
(
of
whom
we
haue
made
mention
before
)
and
one
Franciscus
Delapuente
.
This
Franciscus
,
was
one
of
the
vnder
capitaines
of
this
bande
,
whose
chiefe
capitaine
was
Gonsalus
Badaiocius
who
hardly
escaped
the
hand●s
of
kyng
Pariza
.
These
twoo
capitaines
therfore
,
Rodericus
and
Franciscus
who
departed
from
Dariena
immediatly
after
the
misfortune
whiche
befell
to
Badaiocius
and
his
companye
,
The
Ilandes
of
the
south
s●a
.
do
both
affirme
,
the
one
that
he
hath
harde
,
and
the
other
that
he
hath
seene
,
that
in
the
Southe
sea
there
are
diuers
Ilandes
lying
westwarde
from
the
Iland
of
Dites
and
saincte
Michaels
goulfe
,
In
this
sea
〈◊〉
Il●ndes
of
Molucca
.
most
frutefull
of
●pices
.
in
many
of
the
which
are
trees
engendred
and
nourisshed
which
bring
foorth
the
same
aromaticall
fruites
,
as
doth
the
region
of
Collocutea
,
Collocutea
.
This
lande
of
Collocutea
,
with
the
regions
of
Cochinus
and
Camemorus
,
Cochinus
and
Camemorus
,
from
whense
the
Portugales
haue
their
spyces
.
are
the
chiefe
marte
places
from
whense
the
Portugales
haue
their
spices
.
And
hereby
do
they
coniecture
that
the
land
where
the
frutfulnesse
of
spyce
begynneth
,
shulde
not
be
farre
from
thense
.
In
so
much
that
many
of
them
whiche
haue
ouerrunne
those
coastes
,
do
onely
desyre
that
leaue
may
be
graunted
them
to
searche
further
,
and
that
they
wil
of
their
owne
charges
frame
and
furnishe
shippes
and
aduenture
the
viage
to
seeke
those
Ilandes
and
regions
.
They
thinke
it
best
that
these
shippes
shulde
bee
made
and
prepared
,
he
meaneth
by
the
streight
of
Magellanus
.
euen
in
saincte
Michaels
goulfe
:
And
not
to
attempte
this
vyage
by
sainte
Augustines
point
,
which
waye
were
both
longe
and
di●fyculte
,
and
ful
of
a
thousande
daungers
,
and
is
saide
to
reache
beyonde
the
forty
degree
of
the
pole
Antartike
.
The
same
Franciscus
,
being
partener
of
the
trauailes
and
daungiers
of
Gonsalus
,
saithe
that
in
ouer
runninge
those
landes
,
he
founde
great
heardes
of
hartes
and
wylde
bores
:
howe
they
take
hartes
and
wylde
bores
.
and
that
he
toke
many
of
them
by
an
arte
which
th
inhabitauntes
taught
him
:
whiche
was
to
make
pittes
or
trenches
in
their
walkes
,
and
to
couer
the
same
with
bouwes
.
By
this
meanes
also
they
deceaue
al
other
kindes
of
wild
and
foure
footed
beastes
.
But
they
take
foules
after
the
same
maner
that
we
do
:
As
stocke
doues
with
an
other
tame
stocke
done
brought
vp
in
their
houses
.
Stocke
d●ue●
These
they
tye
by
a
strynge
,
and
suffer
them
to
flye
a
little
emong
the
trees
.
To
the
which
as
other
birdes
of
their
kind
resort
,
they
kil
them
with
their
arrowes
.
Theyr
maner
of
foulynge
.
Otherwyse
they
take
them
with
nettes
in
a
bare
place
pourged
from
trees
&
bushes
:
and
scateryng
certeyne
seedes
rounde
about
that
place
,
in
the
myddeste
whereof
they
tye
a
tame
foule
or
byrde
of
the
kynde
of
them
whiche
they
desyre
to
take
.
In
lyke
maner
do
they
take
popingiayes
and
other
foules
.
But
they
say
that
popingiayes
are
so
simple
,
Po●ingiayes
ar●
ea●ely
taken
.
that
a
great
multitude
of
them
wyll
flye
euen
into
the
tree
in
whose
bouwes
the
fouler
sytteth
:
&
swarme
about
the
tame
chatterynge
popingiaye
,
sufferynge
them selues
to
bee
easely
taken
.
For
they
are
so
without
feare
of
the
syght
of
the
fouler
,
that
they
tary
whyle
he
cast
the
snare
about
theyr
neckes
,
the
other
beinge
nothynge
feared
hereby
,
thoughe
they
see
hym
drawe
them
to
him
with
the
snare
,
and
put
them
in
the
bagge
which
he
hath
about
hym
for
the
same
purpose
.
There
is
an
other
kynde
of
foulynge
,
A
straunge
kynde
of
foulynge
.
heretofore
neuer
harde
of
,
and
pleasaunt
to
consyder
.
We
haue
declared
before
howe
that
in
certeyne
of
the
Ilandes
,
and
especially
in
Hispaniola
,
there
are
dyuers
lakes
or
standynge
pooles
.
In
sume
of
these
(
beinge
no
deaper
then
men
may
wade
ouer
them
)
are
seene
great
multytudes
of
water
foules
:
as
wel
for
that
in
the
bottome
of
these
lakes
,
there
growe
many
herbes
and
weedes
,
as
also
that
by
reason
of
the
heate
of
the
sonne
pearceinge
to
the
naturall
place
of
generation
and
corruption
,
Fysshes
and
wo●mes
engendered
of
sume
where
beinge
doubled
in
force
by
reflection
and
preserued
by
moyster
,
there
are
engendered
of
the
stymines
of
the
earth
and
water
,
and
by
the
prouidence
of
the
vniuersall
creator
,
innumerable
lyttle
fys●hes
,
with
a
thousande
sundry
kyndes
of
frogges
,
wormes
,
knattes
,
flyes
and
such
other
.
The
foules
which
vse
these
lakes
,
Foules
.
are
of
dyuers
kyndes
:
As
duckes
,
geese
,
swannes
,
seemewes
,
gulles
,
and
such
other
.
We
haue
sayde
also
that
in
theyr
orchardes
they
noryshe
a
tree
which
beareth
a
kynde
of
greate
gourdes
.
Of
these
gourdes
therefore
well
stopped
leaste
any
water
shulde
enter
in
at
theyr
ryftes
and
cause
them
to
sinke
,
Gourdes
of
the
tree
.
they
cast
many
in
the
shalowe
pooles
:
where
,
by
theyr
continuall
wanderynge
and
wauerynge
with
the
motions
of
the
wynde
and
water
,
they
put
the
foules
owt
of
suspection
and
feare
.
The
fouler
in
the
meane
tyme
,
disguysinge
hym selfe
as
it
were
with
a
visour
,
putteth
a
great
gourde
on
his
head
much
lyke
to
a
helmet
,
with
two
holes
neare
about
his
eyes
,
his
face
and
hole
heade
besyde
beinge
couered
therwith
.
And
thus
entereth
he
into
the
poole
euen
vnto
the
chynne
.
For
beinge
from
theyr
infancie
exercised
in
swymmynge
and
accustomed
to
the
waters
,
they
refuse
not
to
continue
therein
a
longe
space
.
The
foules
thynkynge
this
gourde
to
be
one
of
the
other
that
swymme
vppon
the
water
,
the
fouler
goeth
softly
to
the
place
wher
he
seeth
the
greatest
flocke
of
foules
:
And
with
waggynge
his
heade
,
counterfectinge
the
mouing
of
the
wauerynge
gourdes
,
drawethe
neare
to
the
foules
:
where
softely
puttynge
foorth
his
ryght
hande
,
he
soodenly
snatcheth
one
by
the
legges
and
plungeth
her
into
the
water
where
he
putteth
her
into
a
bagge
whiche
he
hath
with
hym
of
purpose
The
other
foules
supposinge
that
this
dyued
into
the
water
of
her
owne
motion
to
seke
for
foode
(
as
is
their
maner
)
are
nothyng
moued
hereby
,
but
go
forwarde
on
their
waye
as
before
,
vntyll
they
also
faule
into
the
same
snare
.
I
haue
here
for
this
cause
entered
into
the
declaration
of
theyr
maner
of
huntynge
and
foulynge
,
that
by
these
more
pleasaunt
narrations
I
may
sumwhat
mytigate
and
asswage
the
horrour
conceaued
in
yowre
stomake
by
the
former
rehearsall
of
theyr
bluddy
actes
and
cruell
maners
.
Lette
vs
nowe
therfore
speake
sumwhat
ageyne
of
the
newe
and
later
opinions
as
concernynge
the
swyfte
course
of
the
sea
towarde
the
west
about
the
coastes
of
Paria
:
L●●er
opinions
of
the
swift
course
of
the
Ocean
towarde
the
west
.
also
of
the
maner
of
gathering
of
golde
in
the
golde
myne
of
Dariena
,
as
I
was
aduertised
of
late
.
And
with
these
two
quyet
and
peaceable
thynges
,
we
wyl
make
an
ende
of
the
tragical
affayres
of
the
Ocean
:
and
therwith
byd
yowre
holynes
fare
wel
.
So
it
is
therfore
,
that
Andreas
Moralis
the
pylot
,
and
Ouiedus
(
of
whom
we
haue
made
mention
before
)
repayred
to
me
,
at
my
house
in
the
towne
of
Matrite
,
As
we
met
thus
togyther
,
there
arose
a
contention
betwene
them
two
,
as
concernynge
this
course
of
the
Ocean
.
They
both
agree
that
these
landes
and
regions
perteynynge
to
the
dominion
of
Castile
,
doo
with
one
continuall
tract
and
perpetuall
bonde
,
embrase
as
one
hole
firme
lande
or
continent
al
the
mayne
lande
lyinge
on
the
north
syde
of
Cuba
and
the
other
Ilandes
,
The
continent
or
firme
land
.
beinge
also
northwest
both
from
Cuba
and
Hispaniola
.
Yet
as
touchynge
the
course
of
the
water
,
they
varrie
in
opinion
.
For
Andreas
,
wyll
that
this
vyolent
course
of
water
bee
receaued
in
the
lappe
of
the
supposed
continente
which
bendeth
so
much
and
extendeth
so
farre
towarde
the
North
,
as
we
haue
said
:
And
that
by
the
obiect
or
resistance
of
the
lande
so
bendynge
and
crookynge
,
the
water
shulde
as
it
were
rebounde
in
coompasse
,
and
by
force
therof
be
dryuen
about
the
north
syde
of
Cuba
and
the
other
Ilandes
excluded
without
the
circle
cauled
Tropicus
Caneri
,
where
the
largenes
of
the
sea
maye
receaue
the
waters
faulynge
frome
the
narowe
streames
,
and
therby
represse
that
inordinate
course
,
by
reason
that
the
sea
is
there
very
large
and
great
.
I
can
compare
his
meanynge
to
nothynge
more
aptely
then
to
the
swyfte
streame
commyng
foorth
of
a
mylle
and
faulyng
into
the
myl
poole
.
For
in
al
suche
places
where
waters
runne
with
a
vyolent
faule
through
narowe
chanels
,
and
are
then
receaued
in
large
pooles
,
they
are
soodenly
disparcled
and
theyr
violence
broken
:
So
that
wheras
before
they
seemed
of
such
force
as
to
ouerthrowe
all
thynges
beinge
in
theyr
waye
,
it
can
not
then
be
perceaued
which
way
they
runne
.
The
Admiral
him selfe
Diegus
Colonus
,
The
vyages
of
Diegus
Colonus
.
sonne
and
heyre
to
Christophorus
Colonus
the
fyrst
fynder
of
these
landes
(
who
had
nowe
in
commyng
and
goinge
,
foure
tymes
passed
throughe
these
seas
)
beinge
demaunded
of
me
what
he
founde
or
perceaued
in
saylynge
too
and
fro
,
The
vyage
from
the
new
landes
to
Spayne
.
answered
that
there
was
muche
difficultie
in
returnynge
the
same
way
by
the
which
they
go
.
But
wheras
they
fyrst
take
the
waye
by
the
mayne
sea
towarde
the
North
before
they
directe
theyr
course
to
Spayne
,
he
saythe
that
in
that
tract
,
he
felt
the
shippe
sumtymes
a
lyttle
dryuen
backe
by
the
contrary
course
of
the
water
.
Yet
supposeth
that
this
chaunceth
onely
by
the
ordinarie
flowynge
and
reflowynge
of
the
sea
:
And
the
same
not
to
be
enforced
by
the
circumflection
or
course
of
the
water
reboundynge
in
compasse
as
we
haue
sayde
.
But
thinketh
rather
,
that
this
mayne
lande
or
supposed
continent
,
shulde
sumwhere
bee
open
:
And
that
the
sayde
open
place
,
shoulde
bee
as
it
were
a
gate
,
enterie
,
or
streyght
,
diuydyng
the
North
partes
of
that
lande
from
the
South
:
by
the
which
also
,
the
Ocean
runnynge
towarde
the
West
,
may
by
the
rotation
or
impulsion
of
the
heauens
,
bee
dryuen
about
the
hole
earth
.
Ouiedus
agreeth
with
Andreas
Motralis
as
touchynge
the
continuall
adherence
and
closenes
of
the
sayde
continente
.
Yet
neyther
that
the
waters
shulde
so
beate
ageynst
the
bendynge
backe
of
the
West
lande
,
or
bee
in
such
sorte
repulsed
and
dryuen
into
the
mayne
sea
.
But
saith
that
he
hath
diligently
consydered
,
that
the
waters
runne
from
the
deepest
and
myddest
of
the
maine
sea
,
towarde
the
West
.
Also
that
saylinge
nere
vnto
the
shore
with
smaule
vesselles
,
he
founde
the
same
waters
to
returne
ageine
towarde
the
East
.
The
contrary
course
of
waters
.
So
that
in
the
same
place
,
they
runne
together
with
contrary
course
,
as
we
oftentimes
see
the
lyke
to
chaunce
in
riuers
wherby
the
obiecte
of
the
bankes
,
diuers
whirlepooles
and
turnynges
aryse
in
the
water
.
By
reason
wherof
,
if
any
chaffe
,
strawe
,
woodde
,
or
any
other
thyng
of
lyght
substance
be
caste
in
any
suche
places
in
ryuers
,
it
foloweth
that
al
such
as
runne
with
the
water
in
the
myddest
of
the
chanell
,
procede
well
forwarde
:
But
suche
as
faule
into
the
bendynge
goulfes
and
indented
margentes
of
the
crooked
bankes
,
are
caryed
ouerthwarte
the
chanell
,
and
so
wander
about
vntyll
they
meete
with
the
ful
and
directe
course
of
the
ryuer
.
Thus
haue
we
made
yowe
partener
of
suche
thinges
as
they
haue
gyuen
vs
,
and
writen
their
dyuers
opinions
.
We
wyll
then
gyue
more
certeyne
reason
,
when
more
certeyne
truth
shal
be
knowen
.
We
must
in
the
meane
tyme
,
leane
to
opinions
vntil
the
day
coome
appointed
of
god
to
reueale
this
secreate
of
nature
,
with
the
perfecte
knowleage
of
the
pointe
of
the
pole
starre
.
The
poynt
of
the
pole
star
,
Hauyng
sayd
thus
muche
of
the
course
of
the
Ocean
,
a
briefe
declaration
of
the
golde
mynes
of
Dariena
,
The
golde
mynes
of
Dariena
and
the
maner
of
gatherynge
golde
.
shall
close
vppe
owre
Decades
and
make
an
ende
of
owre
trauayles
.
Wee
haue
sayde
,
that
nyne
myles
distante
from
Dariena
,
are
the
sydes
of
the
hylles
and
the
drye
playnes
in
the
whiche
golde
is
gathered
bothe
on
the
drye
lande
,
and
also
on
the
bankes
and
in
the
chanelles
of
ryuers
.
Therfore
to
al
such
as
are
wyllynge
to
gather
golde
,
there
is
of
ordinarie
custome
appointed
to
euery
man
by
the
suruoiers
of
the
mynes
,
a
square
plotte
of
grounde
conteyning
twelue
pases
,
at
the
arbitriment
of
the
chooser
,
so
that
it
bee
not
grounde
already
occupied
,
or
lefte
of
other
.
The
portion
of
grounde
beinge
thus
chosen
(
as
it
were
assygned
of
the
augures
to
buylde
a
temple
)
they
inclose
their
slaues
within
the
same
,
whose
helpe
the
Christians
vse
in
tyllynge
of
their
grounde
and
gatherynge
of
golde
,
as
we
haue
saide
.
These
places
appointed
vnto
them
,
they
keepe
as
long
as
them
lyue
.
And
if
they
perceaue
tookens
of
lyttle
golde
,
they
requyre
an
other
plotte
of
ground
of
twelue
pases
to
be
assigned
them
,
leauyng
the
first
in
commen
.
Owre
inclosiers
woolde
leaue
no
such
commens
.
And
this
is
th
order
which
the
Spaniardes
inhabitinge
Dariena
obserue
in
gatheryng
of
golde
.
I
suppose
also
that
they
vse
the
lyke
order
in
other
places
:
How
be
it
,
I
haue
not
yet
enquired
so
farre
.
It
hath
byn
proued
that
these
twelue
pases
of
grounde
,
haue
yelded
to
their
choosers
,
the
summe
of
fourescore
Castellans
of
gold
.
Aurisacra
Fam●e
And
thus
leade
they
theyr
lyues
in
fulfyllynge
the
holy
hunger
of
golde
.
But
the
more
they
fyll
their
handes
with
fyndynge
,
The
broosie
of
couetousnes
.
the
more
increaseth
their
couetous
desyre
.
The
more
woodde
is
layde
to
the
fyer
,
the
more
furiously
rageth
the
flame
.
Unsaciable
couetousnesse
is
no
more
diminisshed
with
increase
of
rychesse
,
then
is
the
drinesse
of
the
dropsye
satisfyed
with
drinke
.
I
lette
passe
manye
thynges
wherof
I
intende
to
write
more
largely
in
tyme
conuenient
,
if
I
shall
in
the
meane
season
vnderstande
these
to
be
acceptable
vnto
yowre
holynesse
:
my
dewtie
and
obseruaunce
to
whose
autoritie
;
hath
caused
me
the
gladlier
to
take
this
labour
in
hande
.
The
prouidence
of
the
eternall
creatour
of
all
thynges
,
graunt
yowre
holynesse
many
prosperous
yeares
.
¶
The
laste
booke
of
Peter
Martyr
of
Angleria
,
of
the
Landes
and
Ilandes
lately
founde
:
and
of
the
maners
of
the
inhabitauntes
of
the
same
.
I
Haue
partli
declared
before
in
mi
decades
how
certeine
fugit●ues
which
came
owt
of
the
large
West
landes
arriued
in
the
confynes
of
Dariena
:
Loke
Decade
●ii
.
Liber
.
x.
And
howe
that
marueylinge
at
the
bookes
of
owre
men
,
they
declared
that
they
sumtyme
dwelte
in
regions
whose
inhabitauntes
vsed
suche
instrumentes
and
were
ruled
by
politike
lawes
.
Also
that
they
had
cities
fortified
with
waules
,
Cities
fortifyed
with
waules
.
and
faire
pallaces
with
streates
well
paued
,
and
common
places
whyther
marchauntes
resort
as
to
the
burse
or
streate
.
These
landes
,
owre
men
haue
nowe
founde
.
Therfore
who
were
th
autours
hereof
,
or
what
successe
they
had
herein
,
who
so
desireth
to
know
with
the
conditions
of
straunge
regions
and
the
maners
of
the
people
,
let
hym
giue
diligent
attendance
to
such
thynges
as
folowe
.
Of
the
Iland
of
Cuba
(
nowe
cauled
Fernandina
,
The
Iland
of
Cuba
or
Fernand●na
.
lyynge
nexte
vnto
Hispaniola
on
the
west
syde
,
and
yet
sumwhat
so
bendynge
towarde
the
Northe
that
the
circle
cauled
Tropicus
Caneri
deuideth
it
in
the
myddeste
,
wher
as
Hispaniola
is
distante
from
the
Tropike
and
declinynge
certen
degrees
toward
the
Equinoctial
line
)
we
haue
spoken
sumwhat
before
.
In
this
Iland
of
Fernandina
,
there
are
nowe
syxe
townes
●rected
.
Wherof
,
the
chiefe
is
named
Sanctiago
of
saynt
Iames
the
patrone
of
the
Spanyardes
.
In
this
,
there
is
natiue
golde
,
found
both
in
the
mountaynes
and
ryuers
:
By
reason
wherof
they
are
daylye
occupied
in
gathering
&
digging
the
same
.
But
shortely
after
that
I
had
finished
my
sayde
bookes
,
thre
Spanyardes
that
were
the
most
auncient
citizens
of
Cuba
,
The
Spaniards
of
Cuba
attempt
new
vyages
.
as
Franc●scus
Fernandes
of
Corduba
Lupus
Ocho
,
&
Christophorus
Morantes
,
determined
to
seeke
newe
landes
,
as
the
myndes
of
the
Spanyardes
are
euer
vnquiet
and
geuen
to
attempte
great
enterprises
.
They
furnyshed
at
their
owne
charges
,
three
of
those
shyppes
whiche
they
caule
Carauels
.
And
hauynge
fyrste
lycence
of
Diegus
Velasquen
the
gouernour
of
the
Ilande
,
they
departed
with
a
hundreth
and
ten
men
from
the
West
angle
of
Cuba
.
The
west
angle
of
●uba
.
For
this
angle
is
moste
commodious
to
relieue
shyppes
and
to
make
prouision
for
freshe
water
and
fuell
.
Thus
they
sayled
continually
syxe
dayes
and
a
halfe
,
betwene
the
West
and
the
South
,
contented
onely
with
the
syght
of
the
heauen
and
the
water
:
durynge
whiche
tyme
,
they
suppose
that
they
sayled
not
past
threescore
and
syxe
myles
.
Note
.
For
they
ley
at
anker
all
nyght
where
so
euer
the
faulynge
of
the
soonne
tooke
the
day
light
from
them
,
leaste
by
wanderynge
in
vnknowen
seas
,
they
myght
chaunce
to
be
cast
vppon
rockes
or
sandes
.
But
at
the
length
they
chaunced
vppon
a
great
Ilande
named
Iucatana
,
The
Iland
of
Iucatana
.
whose
beginnyng
th
inhabitauntes
caule
Eccampi
.
A
great
citie
well
buylded
.
Owre
men
went
to
the
citie
stondynge
on
the
sea
syde
,
the
whiche
for
the
bygnes
therof
,
they
named
E●yrus
or
Alcair
.
Th
inhabitauntes
enterteined
them
very
frendly
.
When
they
were
entered
into
the
citie
,
they
marueyled
to
behold
the
houses
buylded
lyke
towres
,
magnifycall
temples
,
Temples
.
streates
well
paued
,
and
great
excercise
of
bying
and
sellyng
by
exchaunge
of
ware
for
ware
.
humane
people
.
Their
houses
are
eyther
bylte
of
stone
,
or
of
bricke
and
lyme
,
and
artifycially
wrought
.
To
the
fyrste
porches
of
their
houses
and
fyrst
habitations
,
they
ascend
by
ten
or
twelue
steares
.
They
are
couered
eyther
with
tyles
,
Cunnyng
artifycers
.
slates
,
reades
,
or
stalkes
of
certeyne
herbes
.
They
gratified
the
one
the
other
with
mutuall
gyftes
.
The
barbarians
gaue
owre
men
many
brooches
and
iewelles
of
golde
,
verye
fayre
and
of
cunnyng
woorkmanshyppe
.
Owre
men
recompensed
them
with
vestures
of
sylke
and
woolle
,
counterfecte
stones
,
of
coloured
glasse
and
christall
,
haukes
belles
of
laton
,
and
suche
other
rewardes
whiche
they
greatly
esteemed
for
the
straungenes
of
the
same
.
They
sette
nowght
by
lookynge
glasses
,
bycause
they
haue
certeyne
stoones
muche
brighter
.
Appareled
people
.
This
nation
is
appareled
after
a
thousande
fasshyons
with
vestures
made
of
gossampyne
cotten
or
bombage
of
dyuers
coloures
.
The
women
are
couered
from
the
girdle
to
the
heele
hauynge
dyuers
fasshions
of
veles
aboute
their
heades
and
brestes
,
with
great
cautele
least
any
parte
of
their
legges
or
feete
bee
seene
.
They
resorte
muche
to
their
temples
:
vnto
the
which
the
chiefe
rulers
haue
the
wayes
paued
from
their
owne
houses
.
They
are
Idolatours
and
circumcised
.
Circumci●ed
Id●laters
.
They
occupie
their
maner
of
exchaunginge
,
with
muche
fydelitie
.
They
vse
to
adourne
the
heares
of
their
heades
,
being
demanded
by
th
interpretours
of
whom
they
receaued
their
circumcisyon
,
they
answered
that
there
once
passed
an
exceadynge
fayre
man
by
their
costes
,
who
lefte
them
that
in
tooken
to
remember
hym
.
Other
saye
that
a
manne
brighter
th●n
the
soone
,
went
emonge
them
and
executed
that
offyce
.
But
there
is
no
certentie
hereof
.
When
owre
men
had
remayned
there
certeyne
dayes
,
they
seemed
to
bee
molestous
to
th
inhabitantes
accordynge
to
the
common
sayinge
.
The
longer
a
geste
tarieth
,
the
woorse
is
his
enterteynement
.
The
whiche
thynge
owre
men
perceauyng
,
they
made
the
more
h●st
awaye
.
Beynge
therfore
prouided
of
all
thynges
nece●sary
,
they
tooke
their
vyage
directly
towarde
the
west
by
the
prouidence
wh●che
th
inhabitauntes
caule
Comi
and
M●i●m
.
Comi
.
Mai●m
.
They
ouer
passed
these
regions
takyng
onely
freshe
water
and
fuel
in
the
same
.
The
barbarians
both
men
,
women
,
and
ch●ldren
flocked
to
the
sea
syde
,
astonysshed
greatly
to
behold
the
huge
bygnesse
of
the
shyppes
.
Owre
men
marueyled
in
maner
no
le●se
to
viewe
their
buyldynges
and
especially
their
temples
sytuate
neare
vnto
the
sea
,
and
erected
after
the
maner
of
towers
.
Thus
at
the
length
hauyng
sayled
about
a
hundreth
and
ten
myles
,
they
thought
it
good
to
ley
anker
in
a
prouince
named
Campechium
,
Campechium
.
whose
chiefe
towne
consysteth
of
three
thousande
houses
.
A
towne
of
three
thousand
howses
.
Th
inhabitauntes
came
swymmynge
to
the
shyppes
:
marueylyng
excedyngly
at
the
maner
of
saylinge
,
and
at
the
sayles
and
other
tackelynges
But
when
they
hard
the
thunder
of
the
gunnes
,
sawe
the
smoke
,
and
smelte
the
sauour
of
brimstone
and
fyer
,
they
supposed
that
thunderboultes
and
lyghtnynges
had
byn
sente
from
god
.
The
kynge
receaued
owre
men
honorably
and
broughte
them
into
his
pallayce
:
where
he
feasted
them
well
after
his
maner
.
They
are
accustomed
to
eate
fleshe
,
and
haue
great
plentie
of
beastes
and
foules
:
Plentie
of
beastes
and
foules
.
as
peacockes
,
and
other
whiche
they
francke
and
feede
in
their
houses
:
Also
dyuers
kyndes
of
wylde
foules
of
the
mountaines
,
wooddes
,
and
waters
:
Likewise
partriches
,
quailes
,
turtle
dooues
,
duckes
,
and
geese
.
Of
beastes
,
they
haue
connies
,
woolues
,
lyons
,
tigers
,
foxes
,
wylde
boores
,
hartes
,
and
hares
.
After
this
banquet
,
the
kyng
with
his
traine
and
famylie
brought
owre
men
into
a
brode
crosse
way
where
many
streates
do
meete
.
Theyr
Idoles
and
Idolatry
.
In
this
,
they
shewed
them
as
it
were
a
great
and
highe
aulter
buylded
foure
square
of
marble
compacte
together
partly
with
the
toughe
cleye
of
Babilon
cauled
Bitumem
,
and
partly
with
smaule
stoones
.
It
had
on
euery
syde
foure
steares
.
Uppon
the
altare
was
an
Image
of
a
man
made
of
marble
:
and
fast
by
it
the
Images
of
two
beastes
of
vnknowen
shape
,
whiche
seemed
as
thoughe
they
wolde
with
yanynge
mouthes
haue
torne
in
sunder
the
bealy
of
the
mannes
Image
.
On
the
other
syde
stoode
a
great
serpent
compacte
of
the
sayde
toughe
cleye
and
smaule
stoones
.
This
serpent
beynge
in
length
.xlvii.
foote
,
and
of
the
bygnesse
of
a
large
oxe
,
seemed
to
deuour
a
lyon
of
marble
,
and
was
al
by
sparcled
with
freshe
bludde
.
Harde
by
the
altare
,
were
thre
postes
fastned
in
the
ground
,
the
which
three
other
trauersed
and
were
susteined
with
stones
.
In
this
place
offenders
were
put
to
death
:
In
token
wherof
they
sawe
innumerable
arrowes
steined
with
bludde
,
sum
scatered
,
sum
lyinge
on
heapes
,
and
sum
broken
:
Also
a
great
number
of
mennes
bones
lying
in
a
court
or
yarde
nere
vnto
this
funestal
place
.
Their
houses
are
here
also
builded
of
lime
and
stone
.
houses
of
lyme
&
stone
.
They
named
this
king
,
Lazarus
,
bicause
they
arriued
at
this
lande
on
saint
Lazarus
day
.
Departing
from
hense
&
directing
theyr
course
styl
toward
the
West
for
the
space
of
.xv.
myles
,
they
came
to
a
prouince
named
Aquanil
,
The
prouince
Aquinall
.
whose
chiefe
towne
is
cauled
Moseo
,
Moseo
.
&
the
kynge
thereof
,
Cupoton
.
He
behelde
owre
men
with
a
frowarde
countenaunce
,
and
fought
occasion
to
doo
them
sume
priuie
mischiefe
whyle
they
sought
for
fresshe
water
.
For
he
made
signes
vnto
them
that
on
the
further
syde
of
the
nexte
hyll
,
they
shulde
fynde
sprynges
of
water
,
intendyng
to
haue
assayled
them
in
that
narowe
passage
.
But
by
the
colouryng
of
theyr
forheades
(
as
they
are
accustomed
in
theyr
warres
)
and
by
the
bearynge
of
theyr
bowes
and
other
weapons
,
owr
men
perceaued
theyr
wylynes
,
and
refused
to
go
any
further
.
Yet
a
thousande
of
the
Barbarians
assayled
theym
vnwares
and
vnprepared
.
By
reason
wherof
,
they
were
put
to
flyght
,
and
dyuers
of
them
slayne
in
the
chase
.
The
Spanyardes
are
put
to
flyght
and
many
slayne
.
Many
that
fledde
to
warde
the
shippes
,
were
entangeled
in
the
mudde
and
maryshes
nere
vnto
the
shore
.
Twentie
and
two
,
were
slayne
with
arrowes
,
and
the
resydewe
for
the
most
parte
,
wounded
.
Franciscus
Fernandes
the
gouernour
of
the
nauie
,
receaued
in
this
conflicte
three
and
thirtie
woundes
.
And
in
maner
none
escaped
without
hurt
.
If
they
had
gonne
to
the
hylles
whiche
were
appoynted
them
,
they
had
byn
slayne
euery
man
.
They
therfore
that
escaped
,
returned
to
the
Ilande
of
Fernardina
frome
whense
they
came
,
where
they
were
receaued
of
theyr
felows
with
heauie
chere
.
But
when
Diegus
Velasquen
the
gouernoure
of
the
Ilande
,
had
intelligence
hereof
,
An other
expedition
.
he
immediatly
furnyshed
a
newe
nauie
of
foure
Caraueles
with
three
hundreth
men
.
Of
this
nauie
he
appoynted
Iohn
Grisalua
his
neuie
,
to
be
the
gouernour
:
And
assigned
for
vnder
capitaynes
,
Alphons
Auila
,
Frances
Montegio
,
and
Peter
Aluarado
.
For
the
pylot
he
assigned
Antonie
Alamino
who
had
the
regiment
of
the
fyrst
nauie
.
They
attempted
the
same
vyage
ageyne
,
but
declyned
sumwhat
more
towarde
the
South
about
threscore
and
tenne
myles
.
Before
they
sawe
any
lande
,
they
espyed
a
towre
a
farre
of
,
by
the
viewe
wherof
,
they
came
to
an
Ilande
named
Cozumella
,
The
Iland
of
Cozumella
.
from
the
whiche
they
smelte
sweete
sauours
proceadynge
with
the
wynde
,
Sweete
sauours
.
before
they
approched
to
the
lande
by
the
space
of
three
myles
.
They
founde
the
Ilande
to
be
fortie
and
fiue
myles
in
circuite
.
It
is
playne
and
of
maruelous
frutefull
s●yle
.
A
frutefull
Ilande
,
There
is
also
golde
in
it
,
but
it
is
not
engendered
there
,
but
brought
thether
from
other
regions
.
It
aboundeth
with
hony
,
fruites
,
and
herbes
:
And
hath
also
great
plentie
of
foules
and
foure
footed
beastes
.
Theyr
order
and
maner
of
lyuyng
,
is
in
al
thynges
lyke
vnto
theyrs
of
Iucatana
.
Towres
and
●emples
.
Lykewyse
theyr
howses
,
temples
,
streates
,
and
apparell
.
In
many
of
theyr
houses
,
are
great
postes
of
marble
after
the
maner
of
owre
buyldynge
.
They
founde
there
,
the
foundations
of
certeyne
owlde
towres
ruinate
:
And
one
especially
with
.xviii.
steares
ascendynge
to
it
,
after
the
maner
of
solemne
temples
.
They
marueyled
greatly
at
owre
shippes
and
maner
of
saylynge
.
At
the
fyrst
,
they
wolde
admyt
no
straungers
:
but
shortly
after
,
receaued
them
gentelly
.
Theyr
chiefe
ruler
(
whom
owre
men
supposed
to
bee
a
preeste
)
led
them
vp
to
the
toppe
of
the
towre
,
where
they
erected
a
banner
and
addicted
the
Ilande
to
the
dominion
of
the
kynge
of
Castyle
,
namynge
it
Sancta
Crux
,
Cozumella
named
Sancta
Crux
.
bycause
they
entered
into
the
same
in
the
nones
of
Maye
beinge
then
the
feaste
of
the
holye
crosse
.
They
saye
that
it
was
cauled
Cozumella
of
kynge
Cozumellaus
,
whose
auncestours
were
the
fyrst
that
inhabited
the
Ilande
.
Idoles
lyke
beares
.
In
the
towre
,
they
founde
many
chambers
furnyshed
with
Images
,
made
both
of
earthe
and
marble
to
the
similytude
of
beares
.
These
they
caule
vppon
with
a
houlynge
and
lamentable
songe
,
Idolatry
.
perfumyng
them
with
sweete
odours
,
and
other
wyse
honourynge
them
as
theyr
domesticall
goddes
They
are
also
circumcised
.
The
kynge
was
in
fayre
apparel
made
of
gossampine
cotton
curiously
wrought
.
He
was
lame
on
the
one
foote
by
reason
that
as
he
once
exercysed
hym selfe
in
swymmynge
,
a
deuourynge
fyshe
cauled
Tuberon
,
byt
of
al
the
toes
,
Gentell
peop●e
.
of
one
of
his
feete
.
He
entreated
owre
men
very
frendly
and
made
them
great
chiere
.
After
they
had
byn
here
thre
dayes
,
they
departed
.
And
saylynge
styll
towarde
the
Weste
,
they
espyed
great
mountaynes
a
farre
of
.
But
as
they
drewe
neare
,
they
perceaued
it
to
bee
the
Ilande
of
Iucatana
beinge
distant
from
Cozumella
onely
fyue
myles
.
Iucatana
but
fyue
myles
from
Cozume●la
.
Directynge
therfore
theyr
course
towarde
the
south
syde
of
Iucatana
,
they
compased
it
on
that
syde
which
lyeth
nearest
to
the
supposed
continent
:
Yet
coulde
they
not
sayle
rounde
about
it
by
reason
of
the
multitude
of
rockes
,
shalowe
places
,
and
shelfes
of
sande
.
Then
Alaminus
the
pylot
turned
his
sailes
to
the
North
side
wherof
he
had
better
knowleage
.
Thus
at
the
length
,
they
came
to
the
towne
Campeebium
and
kynge
Lazarus
with
whom
they
had
bin
that
attempted
the
fyrst
vyage
the
yeare
before
.
At
the
fyrst
,
they
were
gentelly
receaued
,
and
requyred
to
resort
to
the
towne
.
But
shortly
after
,
The
Barbarians
make
resistaunce
.
they
repented
that
they
had
bydden
them
:
and
there
vpon
wylled
them
to
stay
about
a
stones
cast
from
the
towne
,
and
to
proceade
no
further
.
When
owre
men
desyred
that
they
myght
make
prouision
for
freshe
water
before
theyr
departure
,
they
assigned
them
to
a
certeyne
well
which
they
had
lefte
behynde
them
.
Declaringe
further
,
that
it
shulde
be
lawfull
for
them
to
take
water
there
or
els
no
wheare
.
Owre
men
rested
that
nyght
in
the
fyelde
adioynynge
to
the
well
.
The
which
thynge
the
Barbarians
suspectinge
,
assembled
an
army
of
three
thousande
men
,
and
encamped
not
farre
from
them
.
Bothe
partes
passed
awaye
the
nyght
without
sleepe
.
They
fearynge
leaste
owre
menne
shulde
breake
into
the
towne
:
And
owre
men
,
least
the
Barbarians
shulde
inuade
them
soodenly
,
on
the
one
parte
with
trumpettes
,
and
on
the
other
syde
with
the
noyse
of
timbrels
kept
them
styll
wakynge
that
were
disposed
to
sleape
,
At
the
sprynge
of
the
day
,
the
Barbarians
approched
to
owre
mens
campe
&
cauled
for
th
interpretours
of
Cuba
,
whose
language
is
much
agreable
vnto
theyrs
.
They
had
diuised
to
lyght
a
torche
of
frankensence
and
to
place
the
same
betwene
bothe
th
armies
to
th
intent
that
if
owre
men
dyd
not
depart
before
the
torche
were
consumed
,
to
stande
to
theyr
perell
.
A
conflicte
,
The
torch
was
wasted
and
the
matter
came
to
hand
strokes
.
They
slewe
onely
one
of
owre
men
with
an
arrowe
bycause
his
target
fayled
hym
.
But
many
were
wounded
.
After
this
conflicte
,
owre
men
resorted
to
theyr
ordinaunce
which
they
had
planted
neare
vnto
the
well
.
When
they
had
discharged
certeyne
pecces
,
the
Barbarians
fledde
backe
into
the
towne
.
Owre
men
were
of
fierce
and
greedy
courage
to
haue
pursued
them
,
but
that
Grisalua
the
gouernour
wolde
not
suffer
them
.
From
thense
they
proceaded
to
the
last
ende
of
Iucatana
,
The
length
of
Iuca●ana
.
which
they
founde
to
reache
more
then
two
hundreth
myles
frome
the
East
to
the
West
.
Here
they
founde
a
comodious
hauen
and
named
it
Portus
desideratus
.
From
hense
they
sayled
to
other
landes
,
and
came
to
the
region
nexte
to
Iucatana
Westwarde
,
whiche
they
doubte
whether
it
be
an
Ilande
or
parte
of
the
firme
lande
:
but
thinke
it
rather
to
be
annext
to
the
continent
In
this
there
is
a
goulfe
which
they
suppose
to
be
incoompased
with
bothe
the
landes
.
But
of
this
,
there
is
no
certentie
.
Thinhabitantes
caule
this
region
Caluacam
or
otherwise
Oloan.
The
region
of
Caluacam
,
or
Oloan.
They
founde
here
also
a
great
ryuer
whiche
by
his
violente
course
and
faule
,
driueth
freshe
water
two
myles
into
the
sea
.
This
they
cauled
Grisalua
after
the
name
of
the
gouernoure
.
The
ryuer
Grisalua
.
The
barbarians
marueilyng
at
the
huge
greatnesse
and
mouynge
of
owre
shyppes
,
came
swarmyng
the
bankes
on
bothe
sydes
the
ryuer
,
to
the
number
of
syxe
thousande
men
armed
with
targettes
and
brest
plates
of
gold
,
Targets
and
brest
plates
of
golde
.
bowes
and
arrowes
,
brode
swoordes
of
heauy
woodde
,
and
longe
iauelens
hardened
at
the
endes
with
fyer
:
Thus
stondynge
in
battayle
raye
to
defende
their
coostes
,
and
with
proude
countenaunces
forbyddinge
owre
men
to
coome
alande
.
Bothe
parties
watched
al
that
nyght
in
armes
.
In
the
dawne
of
the
day
,
owr
men
espied
about
a
hundreth
Canoas
(
whiche
we
haue
saide
to
be
their
boates
)
full
of
armed
men
.
Here
also
the
language
of
th
interpretours
of
Cuba
agreed
well
enowghe
with
thers
.
When
they
had
admitted
the
peace
profered
them
by
th
interpretours
,
al
the
Canoas
staied
excepte
one
whiche
approched
toward
the
shippes
.
A
certeyne
ruler
that
was
in
this
Canoa
,
demaunded
of
owre
men
what
they
sought
in
other
mennes
landes
.
They
answered
,
gold
.
And
that
,
for
permutation
of
other
ware
,
and
not
of
gift
or
vyolently
.
The
Canoa
returned
and
the
ruler
certified
the
kyng
hereof
,
who
came
gladlye
to
the
shyppes
.
When
he
had
saluted
the
gouernour
,
he
cauled
his
chamberlen
vnto
hym
,
commaundynge
him
to
bringe
his
armure
and
other
ornamentes
of
golde
wherwith
he
armed
Crisalua
from
the
toppe
of
the
heade
to
the
soule
of
the
foote
:
Armure
of
golde
.
In
so
muche
that
,
what
so
euer
any
man
of
armes
armed
at
all
partes
,
is
emong
vs
accustomed
to
weare
of
Iren
or
steele
when
he
commeth
in
to
the
fielde
,
Experte
artificers
.
all
suche
kynde
of
furnitures
made
of
golde
and
wrought
with
woonderfull
arte
,
the
kyng
gaue
to
the
gouernour
.
He
recompensed
hym
with
vestures
of
sycke
,
clothe
,
lynen
,
and
other
of
owre
thinges
▪
In
the
beginning
of
this
Iucatana
,
when
they
sayled
to
Cozumella
,
they
chaunced
vppon
a
Canoa
of
fyssher
men
to
the
number
of
nyne
,
fysshyng
with
hookes
of
golde
.
Fysshe
hokes
of
golde
.
They
tooke
them
all
prisoners
.
One
of
them
was
knowen
to
this
kyng
,
who
promysed
the
daye
folowyng
to
sende
the
gouernour
as
muche
golde
for
his
raunsome
as
the
man
hym selfe
waied
.
But
the
gouernour
denyed
that
he
coulde
release
hym
withowte
the
consent
of
his
felowes
:
And
therfore
kept
hym
styll
to
proue
what
he
could
further
knowe
of
hym
.
Departing
from
hense
and
saylynge
styll
westwarde
,
they
founde
a
great
goulfe
in
the
which
three
smaule
Ilandes
were
sytuate
.
Of
these
,
The
Ilandes
of
Sacrifice
.
they
went
to
the
byggest
.
But
oh
abhominable
crueltie
:
oh
most
corrupted
myndes
of
men
,
and
deuelyshe
impietie
?
Let
euery
godly
man
close
the
mouth
of
his
stomake
lest
he
be
desturbed
.
Chyldren
sacrified
to
Idoles
.
They
offer
younge
children
of
bothe
kyndes
to
their
Idoles
of
marble
and
earth
.
Emonge
their
Idoles
of
marble
,
Their
Idoles
of
marble
.
there
standeth
a
lyon
hauynge
a
hole
throwgh
the
necke
,
into
the
whiche
they
poure
the
bludde
of
the
miserable
sacrifyce
,
that
it
maye
from
thense
runne
downe
into
a
syncke
of
marble
.
Lette
vs
nowe
declare
with
what
ceremonies
they
sacryfyce
the
bludde
of
these
pore
wretches
.
They
cutte
not
their
throtes
,
but
open
the
very
brestes
of
these
selye
soules
and
take
owte
their
hartes
yet
pantynge
,
with
the
hotte
bludde
wherof
,
they
anoynte
the
lyppes
of
their
Idoles
,
and
suffer
the
resydue
to
faule
into
the
synke
.
This
doone
,
they
burne
the
harte
and
bowels
,
supposynge
the
smoke
therof
to
be
acceptable
to
their
goddes
.
Of
their
Idoles
,
one
is
made
to
the
shape
of
a
man
,
bowynge
downe
his
heade
and
lookynge
toward
the
synke
of
bludde
,
as
it
were
acceptyng
the
offeringe
of
the
slayne
sacrifyce
.
They
eate
the
fleshe
of
the
armes
,
thighes
,
and
legges
,
especially
when
they
sacrifyce
an
enemy
taken
in
the
warres
.
They
founde
a
streame
of
congeled
blud
as
thoughe
it
had
runne
from
a
bouchery
.
For
this
my
〈◊〉
purpose
,
they
bringe
these
wretches
from
the
nexte
Ilandes
.
They
sawe
also
innumerable
heades
,
and
trunkes
of
bodies
thus
mangeled
,
besyde
many
other
yet
remaining
hole
and
couered
with
certeine
mattes
.
All
the
trackes
of
these
regions
abounde
with
golde
and
precious
stones
.
Gold
and
precious
stones
.
One
of
owre
men
wanderynge
in
the
Ilande
,
chaunced
to
fynde
two
water
pottes
of
alabaster
artifycially
wrought
and
full
of
lyttle
stones
of
dyuers
colours
.
They
saye
also
that
they
founde
a
stone
of
the
value
of
two
thousand
Castilans
of
gold
,
A
stone
of
great
price
.
whiche
they
sent
to
the
gouernour
.
This
Ilande
they
named
the
Iland
of
sacrifyce
.
Th
inhabitauntes
are
circumcised
.
There
are
also
other
Ilandes
sytuate
about
this
Coluacana
,
or
Caluacam
,
the
whiche
are
inhabited
onely
with
women
lyuing
without
the
coompanye
of
men
after
the
maner
of
the
Amazones
.
Ilandes
of
women
.
But
they
that
ponder
the
matter
more
wisely
,
thinke
them
rather
to
be
certeyne
women
whiche
haue
vowed
chastitie
and
professed
a
solytarie
lyfe
as
the
nunnes
doo
with
vs
,
or
as
the
virgins
cauled
Vestales
or
Bonae
Deae
,
were
accustomed
to
do
amonge
the
gentiles
in
oulde
tyme
.
At
certeyne
tymes
of
the
yeare
,
men
of
the
other
Ilandes
resorte
vnto
them
.
But
not
for
th
intent
of
generation
,
but
moued
with
pitie
to
helpe
them
to
dresse
their
gardens
and
tyll
their
grounde
.
The
reporte
goeth
lykewise
that
there
are
other
Ilandes
of
corrupte
women
to
whom
men
resorte
for
carnall
copulation
:
And
that
they
cutte
of
one
of
the
pappes
of
their
women
children
least
it
shuld
hinder
their
shootyng
.
Also
that
they
kepe
onely
the
women
children
and
sende
awaye
the
men
children
.
Owr
men
therfore
drewe
nere
to
the
shore
of
Colluacana
where
they
quyetly
exercised
marchaundies
with
th
inhabitauntes
.
The
kyng
gaue
them
a
great
potte
of
gold
:
Golde
.
Also
braslettes
,
chaynes
,
brouches
,
with
many
other
iewelles
,
and
al
of
gold
.
Owre
men
ageyne
on
the
other
parte
satisfyed
him
with
such
stuffe
as
they
had
done
other
before
.
Here
wolde
they
gladly
haue
planted
a
newe
colonie
or
habitation
,
but
that
the
gouernour
wolde
not
permytte
them
,
wherat
they
gruged
not
a
lyttle
.
The
houses
and
other
edifyes
of
this
prouynce
,
are
buylded
like
vnto
towres
.
houses
lyke
towres
.
It
hath
also
.xv.
great
townes
in
it
.
xv
.
greate
townes
in
the
prou●nce
of
Col●ua●ana
.
Of
these
they
affirme
that
they
haue
seene
sum
consisting
of
more
then
.xx.
thousande
houses
,
Townes
of
x●
.
thousande
hou●es
.
not
ioyning
together
,
but
deseuered
with
courtes
and
gardens
.
They
haue
also
certeyne
large
market
places
encompased
with
waules
,
and
streates
well
paued
.
Likewise
fornaces
and
ouens
made
of
lyme
and
bricke
.
Furthermore
al
sortes
of
handy
craftes
men
&
very
cunning
artificers
.
This
kinges
name
was
Potanchanus
:
&
the
region
is
cauled
Palmaria
.
The
region
of
Palmaria
.
The
towne
where
the
king
kepeth
his
court
,
conteineth
.xv.
thousand
houses
.
When
they
receaue
any
straungiers
and
make
a
leage
of
frendshyppe
with
them
,
they
are
accustomed
with
a
knife
made
of
a
sharpe
stone
,
to
let
them selues
bludde
in
the
toonge
,
A
token
of
frendship
.
hande
,
arme
,
or
sum
other
parte
of
the
body
:
And
this
euen
in
the
syght
of
them
whom
they
admitte
to
frendshyp
,
in
token
that
they
are
ready
to
shedde
their
bludde
in
their
fryndes
causes
.
Their
priestes
professe
a
vertuous
lyfe
,
Preestes
.
and
liue
vnmaried
.
What
it
is
to
haue
to
do
with
women
,
no
man
knoweth
before
he
be
maried
.
Fornication
and
adultery
(
which
selde
chaunce
emonge
them
)
they
counte
abhomination
.
The
women
are
of
maruelous
chastitie
.
Chastitie
.
Eurey
noble
man
after
that
he
haue
had
one
wife
,
may
haue
as
many
concubines
as
hym
lysteth
.
But
a
maried
woman
taken
in
adulterie
,
The
puny●hement
of
adulterie
.
is
soulde
of
her
husbande
.
But
this
onely
to
the
prince
:
at
whose
handes
it
shal
be
lawfull
for
her
kynsefolkes
to
redeeme
her
.
It
is
not
lawfull
for
suche
as
are
not
maried
,
Mariage
is
honoured
.
to
sytte
at
the
same
table
with
them
that
are
maried
,
or
to
eate
of
the
same
dyshe
or
drinke
of
the
same
cup
.
In
the
moneth
of
August
and
September
,
they
absteine
.xxxv.
dayes
not
onely
from
fleshe
wherof
they
haue
great
plentie
,
Fastynge
.
but
also
from
fyshe
and
al
other
thinges
that
lyue
by
bludde
:
And
durynge
these
daies
,
lyue
onely
with
herbes
and
frutes
.
They
reken
twentie
dayes
to
the
moneth
,
and
twentie
monethes
to
the
yeare
.
Owre
men
consumed
certeyne
dayes
here
verye
pleasauntly
.
When
they
departed
,
coastynge
styll
by
the
same
shore
,
they
came
to
an
other
kyng
whom
they
named
Ouandus
.
kynge
Ouandus
.
When
he
had
intellygence
that
owre
men
desired
golde
,
he
brought
foorth
certeyne
plates
of
molten
gold
.
But
when
the
gouernour
signified
vnto
him
by
th
interpretors
that
he
desyred
great
plentie
of
that
metal
,
the
day
folowing
he
brought
him
a
mannes
Image
of
golde
beinge
a
cubette
in
length
:
Also
a
fanne
of
golde
,
Idoles
,
iewels
,
and
ouches
of
gold
.
and
an
Idole
of
one
of
his
domesticall
goddes
of
curious
woorkemanshyppe
.
Likewyse
garlandes
of
stones
of
sundry
colours
,
with
many
breste
plattes
,
brooches
,
and
other
kyndes
of
ornamentes
,
and
all
of
golde
.
He
gaue
hym
furthermore
aboundaunce
of
delycate
meates
well
salted
and
poudred
with
spices
.
When
he
had
required
owre
men
to
coome
alande
,
he
commaunded
his
seruauntes
with
all
speede
to
prepare
a
great
multitude
of
branches
of
trees
and
to
waite
vppon
owre
men
to
his
pallayce
.
As
they
went
thus
in
order
,
sum
behynde
and
sum
before
on
bothe
sydes
,
they
seemed
so
to
shadowe
owre
men
with
the
bouwes
as
thoughe
they
had
gonne
in
a
continuall
arbour
.
The
kynge
hym selfe
hauynge
a
septer
in
his
hand
,
dyd
sette
them
in
their
arraye
,
and
sumtyme
strike
suche
as
were
negligent
in
bearyng
their
bouwes
.
They
shewed
them selues
obedient
in
all
thynges
,
and
with
graue
countenaunce
,
humbled
them selues
to
receaue
his
stripes
.
When
he
was
demaunded
where
he
had
suche
plentie
of
golde
,
Gold
in
mountaynes
and
ryuers
he
pointed
with
his
fynger
to
the
next
mountaynes
,
and
to
the
ryuers
descen●yng
from
the
same
.
They
are
so
accustomed
to
the
riuers
and
exercised
in
swymming
,
Theyr
maner
of
gatheryng
golde
.
that
it
is
al
one
to
them
to
li●e
in
the
water
and
on
the
lande
.
When
they
desyre
to
gather
golde
,
they
plunge
theym selues
in
the
ryuers
and
brynge
from
the
bottome
therof
,
bothe
their
handes
full
of
sande
,
whiche
syftynge
from
hande
to
hande
,
they
gather
owte
the
graynes
of
golde
.
And
by
this
meanes
in
the
space
of
twoo
houres
,
they
fyll
a
reede
as
bygge
as
a
mannes
fynger
.
Of
the
sweete
sauours
of
these
landes
,
Sweete
sauours
.
many
thinges
myght
be
spoken
,
the
whiche
bycause
they
make
rather
to
theffeminatynge
of
the
myndes
of
men
,
then
for
any
necessarye
purpose
,
I
haue
thought
best
to
omytte
them
.
The
kynge
also
gaue
the
gouernour
a
younge
virgine
of
twelue
yeares
of
age
,
adourned
with
ryche
and
fayre
iewelles
.
A
stone
of
great
price
.
Of
the
stones
whiche
he
had
of
this
kynge
,
one
was
valued
at
twoo
thousande
Castellans
of
golde
.
Thus
at
the
length
they
departed
from
this
kyng
,
laden
with
golde
and
precious
stoones
.
Crisalua
the
gouernour
,
sente
one
of
the
Carauelles
to
his
vncle
Diego
Velasquen
gouernour
of
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
,
with
messengers
to
delyuer
hym
the
golde
,
iewelles
,
and
other
ornamentes
.
The
resydue
in
the
meane
tyme
styll
folowed
the
tracte
towarde
the
West
.
One
of
them
in
the
whiche
Frauncis
Montegius
the
vnder
gouernour
was
caryed
,
sayled
harde
by
the
shore
:
and
the
other
twoo
kept
aloofe
within
prospecte
of
the
land
.
Th
inhabitauntes
of
these
coastes
also
,
no
lesse
marueylynge
at
the
shyppes
then
dyd
the
other
,
came
with
twelue
Canoas
to
Montegius
,
desyringe
hym
by
th
interpretours
to
coome
alande
,
promysynge
in
the
name
of
their
kynge
,
that
hee
shoulde
be
honorably
entertayned
.
But
Montegious
answered
that
hee
coulde
not
assente
to
their
request
bycause
his
coompanions
were
so
farre
from
hym
.
Yet
dyd
he
gyue
them
certayne
of
owre
thynges
straunge
vnto
them
,
and
thankes
for
their
gentylnesse
.
Shortly
after
espyinge
a
great
towne
they
directed
their
course
thither
.
Th
inhabitauntes
prohibyted
them
to
coome
alande
,
and
came
foorthe
ageynst
them
with
bowes
&
quyuers
ful
of
arrowes
,
brode
swoordes
made
of
heauy
woode
,
and
Iauelens
hardned
at
the
ende
with
fier
.
They
shotte
at
owre
men
a
farre
of
:
And
owre
men
discharged
certeyne
pieces
of
ordinaunce
ageynst
them
.
The
Barbarians
astonysshed
at
the
noyse
of
the
gunnes
,
fledde
amayne
,
and
desyred
peace
.
Here
owre
mens
vytayles
began
to
fayle
them
,
and
theyr
shyppes
were
broosed
with
longe
vyages
.
Hauynge
therefore
founde
and
doone
these
thynges
whereof
we
haue
spoken
,
Crisalua
returned
to
the
Ilande
of
Fernandina
well
contented
,
Other
viages
from
Cuba
or
Fernandina
.
but
so
were
not
his
companions
.
We
muste
nowe
diuerte
sumwhat
from
this
matter
,
and
speake
of
an
other
nauigation
.
And
from
thense
wyll
we
returne
to
these
landes
which
owre
men
haue
founde
.
So
it
is
therfore
,
that
Diegus
Velasquen
the
gouernour
of
the
Iland
of
Fernandina
,
about
the
same
tyme
that
he
had
sent
foorth
this
nauie
of
foure
Caraueles
,
he
prepared
an
other
nauigation
of
onely
one
Carauell
and
one
brygantine
with
fortie
and
fyue
men
.
These
exercised
vyolent
handes
ageinst
th
inhabitauntes
of
those
regions
where
they
arryued
,
thynkynge
that
they
myght
forceably
drawe
them
to
the
dyggynge
of
golde
bycause
they
were
Caffranite
Idolaters
and
circumcised
.
There
are
at
the
sea
syde
not
farre
from
the
supposed
continent
,
Many
Iland●
betwene
Cuba
and
the
firme
lande
.
many
lyttle
Ilandes
of
moste
fortunate
and
frutefull
soyle
,
whereof
three
are
thus
named
:
Guanapan
,
Guanguan
,
and
Quitilla
.
Owte
of
one
of
these
(
which
they
named
Sancta
Marina
)
they
violentely
caried
away
three
hundreth
men
and
women
which
they
thrust
into
the
Carauell
and
returned
immediatly
to
Fernardina
,
leauynge
the
brigantine
with
.xxv.
of
theyr
felowes
to
th
intent
to
hunt
for
more
men
.
The
hauen
where
the
Carauell
fyrste
arryued
,
is
cauled
Carenas
,
beinge
distante
from
the
angle
of
Cuba
and
the
chiefe
citie
of
Sanctiago
,
Sanctiago
the
chiefe
citie
of
Cuba
.
two
hundreth
and
fyftie
myles
.
For
this
Ilande
of
Cuba
,
is
very
longe
,
reachyng
in
length
from
the
East
to
the
West
,
and
situate
directly
vnder
the
circle
cauled
Tropicus
Cancri
as
we
haue
sayde
before
.
Now
shall
you
heare
how
fortune
sought
the
reuenge
of
these
pore
wretches
.
Therfore
as
theyr
kepers
went
aland
and
few
remained
in
the
Carauel
,
they
perceuing
occasion
ministred
wher
by
they
myght
recouer
theyr
libertie
,
soodeynely
snatched
vp
owt
mens
weapons
and
slewe
syxe
of
them
which
yet
remayned
in
the
Carauel
,
whyle
the
residue
lepte
into
the
sea
.
The
Barba●ians
sley
the
Spaniardes
with
theyr
owne
weapons
.
And
by
this
meanes
the
Barbarians
possessed
the
Carauell
which
they
had
soone
learned
to
rule
,
and
thus
returned
to
theyr
owne
countreys
.
But
they
sayled
fyrste
to
the
nexte
Ilande
where
they
burnte
the
Carauel
and
caried
away
the
weapons
with
them
.
From
hense
they
conueyed
them selues
to
theyr
owne
countreys
with
the
Canoas
of
this
Ilande
.
Heare
in
lyke
maner
they
pryuilie
assayled
them
that
were
lefte
with
the
brigantyne
,
and
slewe
many
of
them
also
.
The
residue
that
escaped
,
fledde
to
the
brigantine
where
they
bewayled
theyr
felowes
deathes
and
counted
theyr
owne
escape
a
victorie
.
On
the
shore
not
farre
from
the
place
where
they
suffered
this
misfortune
,
there
is
a
tree
,
in
the
toppe
wherof
they
set
vp
a
crosse
,
and
graued
this
inscription
in
the
barke
of
the
tree
:
Vannuis
Aldarieci
.
There
is
a
ryuer
named
Darien
,
on
the
banke
wherof
standeth
the
chiefe
citie
of
the
supposed
continent
.
The
chiefe
citie
of
the
supposed
continent
.
The
gouernour
therfore
hauing
intelligence
herof
,
sent
with
all
speede
two
shippes
of
warre
well
furnyshed
,
to
the
ayde
of
them
that
were
lefte
.
But
they
were
wyse
to
late
.
Yet
folowynge
the
viewe
of
the
crosse
,
they
came
to
the
shore
and
redde
the
letters
grauen
on
the
tree
,
but
durste
not
attempte
fortune
.
Thus
with
all
theyr
hardie
souldiers
departinge
from
hense
with
despayre
,
they
sayled
to
the
nexte
Ilande
,
out
of
the
which
they
caryed
away
by
violence
fyue
hundreth
men
and
women
,
supposynge
lykewyse
that
they
myght
lawfully
so
doo
bycause
they
were
Idolaters
and
circumcised
.
But
the
like
chaunce
happened
vnto
them
when
they
landed
at
Fernandina
.
For
the
Barbarians
espyinge
oportunitie
,
sette
vppon
the
Spaniardes
in
one
of
the
shippes
with
theyr
owne
weapons
and
slewe
theyr
keepers
.
The
Spanyardes
are
s●ayne
ageyne
with
theyr
owne
wepons
.
The
residue
that
escaped
,
castynge
them selues
into
the
sea
,
swamme
to
the
nexte
carauell
,
and
with
theyr
felowes
assayled
the
carauell
that
was
taken
from
them
.
This
conflicte
was
so
sharpe
,
that
for
the
space
of
foure
houres
,
it
was
doubtfull
whether
parte
shulde
obteyne
the
victorie
.
The
Barbarians
both
men
and
women
fought
verye
fiercely
,
aswell
to
recouer
theyr
libertie
,
as
also
to
holde
faste
the
praye
whiche
they
had
gotten
.
But
in
fine
,
the
Spanyardes
had
the
vpper
hande
by
reason
they
were
more
experte
in
handelynge
of
theyr
weapons
and
rulyng
of
theyr
Carauell
.
The
Barbarians
beinge
thus
ouercoome
,
The
barbarians
are
slaine
and
pu●
to
flyght
.
lepte
into
the
sea
:
but
the
Spanyardes
tooke
theym
ageyne
with
the
shippe
boates
.
About
a
hundreth
of
the
Barbarians
peryshed
,
beinge
partely
drowned
and
partly
slayne
with
the
swoorde
:
And
but
fewe
of
the
Spanyardes
.
These
thynges
thus
pacified
,
the
resydue
of
the
Barbarians
were
caryed
to
the
towne
of
Sanctiago
and
condemned
to
laboure
in
the
golde
mynes
.
Shortly
after
they
made
owte
a
newe
vyage
to
an
other
of
the
Ilandes
,
An other
vyage
.
whiche
lye
there
about
so
thicke
,
that
they
commonly
caule
the
number
of
them
Archipelagus
,
Archipelagus
.
as
they
in
owre
sea
of
Ionicum
are
cauled
Symplegades
.
A
multitude
of
Ilandes
.
Here
owre
men
were
cruelly
handeled
:
and
as
many
of
them
as
came
alande
eyther
slayne
or
wounded
.
This
Ilande
they
named
Florida
,
bycause
they
arryued
there
on
Easter
day
whiche
the
Spanyardes
caule
the
floryshynge
day
of
the
resurrection
.
They
say
also
that
in
this
tracte
they
sawe
.xxvi.
Ilandes
which
Colonus
had
ouerpassed
:
xxvi
.
Ilandes
about
hispaniola
&
Cuba
.
And
the
same
so
to
lye
aboute
Hispaniola
&
Cuba
,
as
though
they
warded
them
from
the
furie
of
the
Ocean
.
In
many
of
these
they
founde
natiue
golde
of
lyke
goodnes
to
that
which
is
founde
in
Granatum
.
Thinhabitantes
also
weare
many
iewels
,
and
haue
many
Images
of
theyr
domesticall
goddes
made
both
of
golde
artificially
wrought
and
also
of
woodde
gylted
.
Images
of
golde
.
Francis
Cheregatus
browght
one
of
theyr
Idoles
with
hym
,
wherby
may
bee
considered
of
what
wytte
and
aptenes
they
are
.
It
is
a
maruelous
thynge
to
see
what
maner
of
rasers
they
haue
,
Rasers
of
stone
.
made
of
certeyne
yelowe
stones
cleare
&
transparent
lyke
vnto
Crystal
.
With
these
they
shaue
and
carue
as
though
they
were
made
of
fine
steele
.
When
the
edges
are
blunte
with
longe
exercise
,
they
sharpen
them
not
with
a
whetstone
,
or
powder
,
or
any
other
stone
,
but
temper
them
onely
with
water
.
They
haue
also
a
thousande
kindes
of
instrumentes
or
tooles
and
such
other
thynges
of
fyne
deuise
,
Instrumentes
and
tooles
.
which
were
to
longe
to
rehearse
.
Let
vs
therefore
returne
from
whense
we
haue
digressed
,
as
to
Cozumella
,
Iucatana
,
Colluacana
or
Olloa
,
beinge
al
landes
lately
founde
,
and
so
rich
fruteful
and
pleasaunt
,
that
they
may
in
maner
be
compared
to
the
earthly
Paradyse
.
Landes
lyke
vnto
the
earthly
Paradyse
.
Therfore
,
after
that
it
was
knowen
to
owre
men
of
howe
greate
momente
these
trattes
were
,
the
Spanyardes
which
inhabited
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
Anunctus
beinge
the
gouernour
of
the
Ilande
furnyshed
a
newe
nauie
of
ten
Carauelles
and
fyue
hundreth
menne
,
An other
vyage
of
.x.
Carauels
and
a.
hundreth
men
.
with
twoo
smaule
brigantines
,
as
it
weare
in
the
steade
of
lyght
horsemen
or
forerunners
whose
ayde
they
myght
vse
as
scoutes
to
searche
the
wayes
for
daunger
of
rockes
and
shalow
sandes
or
shelfes
.
They
shipte
also
certeyne
horses
,
horses
and
mares
.
as
fyue
stoned
horses
and
.xvi.
mares
apte
for
the
warres
.
For
their
generall
gouernour
and
Admiral
of
the
nauy
,
they
elected
Fernando
Cortesius
who
at
that
tyme
was
the
chiefe
ruler
of
the
citie
of
Sanctiago
.
Fernando
Cortesius
.
For
vnder
capitaines
,
they
appointed
Alfons
Portucarerius
,
Francis
Montegius
,
Alfons
Auila
,
Aluerado
Spatense
Iohn
Velasquen
,
&
Diegus
Ordassus
.
They
styll
folowed
the
same
wynde
from
the
last
angle
of
Cuba
toward
the
west
.
As
soone
as
Frauncis
Fernandes
of
Corduba
,
and
then
Iohn
Grisalua
came
within
prospecte
of
the
Ilande
of
Sacrifyces
(
wherof
we
haue
made
mention
before
)
soodenly
a
tempest
of
contrary
wynde
prohibited
theym
to
take
lande
and
drowe
them
backewarde
to
Cozumella
lyinge
on
the
East
syde
of
Iucatana
.
The
Iland
of
Cozumella
.
This
Ilande
hath
onely
one
hauen
named
sainte
Iohns
porte
.
And
hath
in
it
,
onely
syxe
townes
.
Also
none
other
water
then
in
welles
and
cesterns
,
bycause
it
lacketh
riuers
and
springes
by
reason
it
is
plaine
,
conteynynge
onely
.xlv.
myles
in
circuite
.
At
the
coommynge
of
owre
men
,
th
inhabitauntes
fledde
to
the
thicke
woods
,
&
forsoke
their
townes
for
feare
.
Owre
men
entered
into
their
houses
where
they
founde
plentie
of
vyttayles
and
many
ornamentes
perteynynge
to
the
furnyshynge
of
their
houses
,
as
hanginges
and
carpettes
of
dyuers
colours
,
sheetes
also
of
gossampine
cotton
(
whiche
they
caule
Amaccas
)
and
muche
apparell
.
Carpets
and
sheetes
.
They
haue
furthermore
innumerable
bookes
,
Innumerable
bokes
.
of
the
whiche
with
many
other
thinges
sent
to
owre
newe
Emperour
,
we
wyll
speake
more
largely
hereafter
.
The
souldiers
wandered
about
the
Iland
&
viewe
althynges
diligently
,
kepyng
them selues
styll
in
battell
raye
least
they
myght
be
sodenly
inuaded
.
They
founde
but
a
fewe
of
th
inhabitauntes
and
onely
one
woman
in
their
coompanie
.
By
th
interpretours
of
Cuba
and
other
whiche
the
Spaniardes
tooke
fyrst
from
Iucatana
,
they
perswaded
the
woman
to
caule
the
kynges
that
were
absente
.
They
came
gladly
&
made
a
leage
of
frendshyp
with
owre
men
,
wherby
they
were
restored
to
their
houses
and
a
great
parte
of
their
stuffe
.
They
are
circumcised
Idolatours
,
Circumcised
Idolaters
.
and
sacrifyce
children
of
bothe
kyndes
to
their
Zemes
,
which
are
the
Images
of
their
familiar
and
domesticall
spirites
whiche
they
honour
as
goddes
.
When
I
enquired
of
Alaminus
the
pilote
,
also
of
Frances
Montegius
and
Portucarerius
,
from
whense
they
had
the
children
they
offered
in
sacrifyce
,
They
Sacrifice
Chyldren
they
answered
that
they
bowght
them
in
the
Ilandes
theraboute
by
exchaunge
for
golde
and
other
of
their
trafycke
.
For
in
al
this
so
large
a
space
of
land
,
the
deuelyshe
anxietie
for
the
desyre
of
wicked
money
,
hath
not
yet
oppressed
th
inhabitantes
.
They
saye
the
same
also
of
the
Ilandes
lately
founde
,
wherof
two
are
named
Destam
and
Sestam
,
The
Ilandes
of
Dis●am
&
Sestam
.
whose
inhabitauntes
go
naked
:
and
for
scarenesse
of
children
,
sacrifice
dogges
whiche
they
nourishe
aswell
for
that
purpose
as
also
to
eate
as
wee
do
connies
.
These
dogges
are
dumme
and
can
not
barke
,
Sacrifice
of
dogges
.
hauynge
snowtes
lyke
vnto
foxes
.
Suche
as
they
destinate
to
eate
,
they
geld
while
they
are
whelpes
,
wherby
they
waxe
very
fat
in
the
space
of
foure
monethes
.
They
reserue
al
the
bytches
for
increase
,
and
but
fewe
dogges
.
Owre
men
disswaded
them
from
these
superstitions
,
declarynge
how
they
were
abhominable
and
detested
of
god
.
They
were
soone
perswaded
and
desyred
a
law
whiche
they
myght
folowe
.
They
are
soone
persuaded
to
owre
religion
.
Owre
men
therfore
declared
vnto
them
that
there
was
onely
one
god
which
made
heauen
&
earth
,
the
geuer
of
al
good
thynges
,
beyng
of
one
incomprehensyble
substaunce
vnder
triplicitie
of
person
.
As
soone
as
they
harde
these
woordes
,
they
broke
their
Zemes
,
and
pared
,
scraped
,
and
washed
the
pauementes
and
waules
of
their
temples
.
Owre
men
gaue
them
a
painted
picture
of
the
blessed
vyrgine
whiche
they
placed
reuerently
in
their
temple
,
The
picture
of
the
blessed
virgine
and
aboue
it
a
crosse
to
be
honored
in
the
remembraunce
of
god
and
man
and
the
saluation
of
mankynde
.
They
erected
also
an
other
great
crosse
of
wod
in
the
toppe
of
the
temple
,
why●her
they
oftentymes
resorte
togither
to
honour
the
Image
of
the
vyrgine
.
Thinhabitantes
signified
by
th
interpretours
that
in
the
Iland
of
Iucatana
not
far
from
them
,
there
were
seuen
Christians
captiues
which
in
tyme
past
were
dryuen
thither
by
tempeste
.
The
Ilande
of
Cozumella
,
is
onely
fyue
miles
distant
from
Iucatana
.
The
gouernour
Cort●si●s
being
aduertised
herof
,
An other
vyage
furnyshed
ii
.
Carauels
with
fyftie
men
,
wyllyng
them
incontinent
to
direct
their
viage
thither
&
to
make
serch
for
these
men
.
They
toke
with
them
thre
interpretours
of
Cozumella
(
whose
language
agreeth
with
theirs
with
let●ers
to
the
Christians
if
any
myght
be
found
.
He
further
declared
vnto
theym
howe
goodly
a
matter
they
shoulde
bringe
to
passe
if
they
coulde
bringe
away
any
of
them
.
For
he
no
wayes
doubted
but
that
by
their
information
,
he
shuld
be
fully
certified
of
the
commodities
of
all
those
tractes
,
and
the
maners
of
th
inhabitauntes
.
Thus
they
departed
with
commaundement
to
retourne
within
the
space
of
syxe
dayes
.
But
when
they
had
remayned
there
now
.viii.
days
,
and
hard
no
woorde
of
their
Cozumellane
interpretours
whome
they
had
sent
alande
with
the
message
and
letters
,
owre
men
returned
to
Cozumella
without
them
,
suspectyng
that
they
were
other
slaine
or
deteyned
.
And
where
as
the
hole
nauye
was
now
determyned
to
depart
from
Cozumella
but
that
they
were
hyndered
by
contrary
wynde
,
they
sodenly
espied
towarde
the
weste
a
Canoa
coommynge
from
Iucatana
,
and
in
it
,
one
of
the
Christian
captiues
(
named
Hieronimus
Aquillaris
)
who
had
lyued
seuen
yeares
in
that
Ilande
.
Aquillaris
.vii.
yeares
captiue
in
the
Iland
of
Iucatana
.
With
what
ioye
they
embrased
the
one
the
other
,
the
chance
may
declare
.
They
were
no
lesse
desyrous
to
heare
,
then
he
to
tell
of
the
mysfortune
wh●che
befell
to
hym
and
his
coompanions
.
And
here
it
shal
not
bee
greatly
from
my
purpose
breefely
to
rehearse
how
the
thynge
chaunced
.
In
my
Decades
I
haue
made
mention
of
a
certayne
noble
man
named
Valdiuia
,
Valdiuia
.
whome
the
Spanyardes
whiche
inhabited
Dariena
in
the
supposed
continente
of
the
goulf
of
Vraba
,
sent
to
the
Iland
of
Hispaniola
to
Colonus
the
Admiral
and
viceroy
with
the
residue
of
the
Senate
and
counsel
there
(
to
whom
perteyneth
the
redresse
and
orderynge
of
all
thinges
in
these
newe
landes
)
to
sygnifye
vnto
them
in
what
extreme
necessitie
and
penurie
they
lyued
.
Unhappy
Valdiuia
therfore
,
The
shipwracke
of
Ualdiuis
.
takynge
this
matter
in
hand
in
an
euell
houre
,
was
with
a
sudden
and
vyolent
whirlewinde
,
dryuen
vppon
certayne
quickesandes
in
the
prospecte
of
the
Ilande
of
Iamaica
,
lyinge
on
the
South
syde
of
Hispaniola
and
Cuba
.
These
blind
and
swalowyng
sandes
,
the
Spaniardes
caule
vypers
:
The
quicke
sandes
cauled
vypers
.
And
that
by
good
reason
,
bycause
in
them
many
shyppes
are
entangled
,
as
the
lycertes
are
implycate
in
the
tayles
of
the
vipers
.
While
the
Carauell
thus
wresteled
with
the
water
,
it
was
so
bruste
in
sunder
,
that
Valdiuia
with
thirtie
of
his
felowes
,
coulde
scarsely
with
muche
difficultie
descende
into
the
shyppe
boate
:
where
,
without
●ers
,
and
without
sayles
,
they
were
caried
awaye
by
the
vyolence
of
the
water
.
For
(
as
we
haue
said
before
in
owre
Decades
)
the
seas
do
runne
there
continually
with
a
vyolent
course
towarde
the
West
.
The
course
of
the
sea
towarde
the
west
.
They
wandered
thus
.xiii.
dayes
not
knowyng
whyther
they
went
nor
yet
fyndynge
any
thyng
to
eate
.
Famen
consumed
seuen
of
them
whiche
were
caste
in
the
sea
to
feede
the
fyshes
.
The
resydue
lykewise
in
maner
consumed
by
famen
and
faulynge
from
one
calamitie
into
an
other
,
were
driuen
to
Iucatana
and
fell
into
the
handes
of
a
cruell
kynge
who
slewe
Valdiuia
the
gouernour
with
certayne
of
his
felowes
.
Ualdiuia
is
sacrificed
to
Idoles
.
And
when
hee
had
fyrst
sacrifyced
them
to
his
Zemes
,
shortely
after
he
eate
them
with
his
frindes
of
that
conspiracie
.
For
they
eate
onely
their
enemyes
and
straungiers
:
And
doo
otherwise
absteyne
from
mannes
fleshe
.
In
this
meane
tyme
,
while
Hieronimus
Aqullraris
with
syxe
of
his
felowes
were
reserued
to
be
sacrifyced
the
thirde
daye
,
howe
Aquillaris
escaped
they
brooke
their
bandes
,
escaped
the
handes
of
that
cruell
tyranne
,
and
fledde
to
an
other
kynge
beynge
his
enemye
,
who
receaued
them
,
yet
onely
as
bondemen
.
It
is
a
straunge
thinge
to
heare
of
the
moother
of
this
Aquillaris
.
For
as
soone
as
she
harde
that
her
soonne
was
faulen
into
the
handes
of
the
nations
that
eate
mannes
fleshe
,
shee
fell
madde
incontinent
:
So
that
when
so
euer
after
,
shee
sawe
any
meate
rostyng
at
the
fyer
,
or
onely
ready
spytted
to
laye
to
the
fyer
,
shee
ceased
not
to
crye
out
in
this
maner
.
O
me
moste
wretched
moother
:
Behold
the
members
of
my
son
.
But
to
returne
to
owre
purpose
.
When
Aquillaris
had
now
receaued
the
gouernours
letter
sente
by
the
Cozumellane
messengers
,
hee
declared
to
the
kynge
his
mayster
(
whose
name
was
Taxmarus
)
what
was
their
erraunt
thither
,
kynge
Taxmarus
.
and
wherfore
they
were
sent
:
vsyng
in
the
meane
tyme
many
large
discourses
in
expressynge
the
great
poure
and
magnifycence
of
their
kynge
who
had
of
late
arriued
in
those
coastes
.
Also
of
their
humanitie
and
gentilnesse
toward
their
frindes
and
suche
as
submytted
them selues
to
them
,
and
againe
their
rygour
and
fiercenesse
ageynst
suche
as
stoobernly
eyther
contemned
them
or
denyed
their
requestes
.
With
these
woordes
he
broughte
Taxmarus
into
suche
feare
,
that
the
maister
was
now
fayne
to
desyre
his
seruaunt
so
to
handell
the
matter
that
they
myght
quyetly
enter
into
his
dominion
as
his
freendes
and
not
as
his
enemies
.
Aquillaris
promised
in
their
behalfe
that
they
shuld
not
onely
coome
in
peace
,
but
also
to
ayde
hym
ageynst
his
enemyes
if
neede
shulde
so
require
.
Whervppon
hee
dismissed
Aquillaris
and
with
hym
three
of
his
fam●liers
and
coompanions
.
Thus
they
sayled
together
from
Cozumella
to
Iueatana
to
the
ryuer
whiche
they
had
founde
before
in
the
fyrst
vyage
thither
by
the
gouernance
of
Alaminus
the
pilot
.
They
found
the
mouthe
of
the
ryuer
stopped
with
sande
,
The
mouth
of
a
ryuer
sto●ped
with
sande
.
as
wee
reade
of
the
ryuer
of
Nilus
in
Egipte
when
the
wyndes
(
cauled
Etesū
)
blowe
in
summer
and
especially
in
the
canicular
dayes
.
Therfore
where
as
they
coulde
not
enter
into
them
ryuer
with
the
biggeste
vesselles
(
although
it
bee
otherwise
apte
to
receaue
great
shyppes
)
the
gouernour
caused
two
hundreth
men
to
be
sette
alande
with
the
brigantynes
and
shyppe
boates
:
wyllynge
Aquillaris
to
offer
peace
to
th
inhabitauntes
.
They
demaunded
what
owre
men
required
.
Aquillaris
answered
,
vyttayles
.
There
was
a
longe
space
of
sande
by
the
syde
of
the
towne
,
whither
they
wylled
them
to
resorte
,
promysynge
to
brynge
them
vyttayles
thither
the
daye
folowynge
.
Turky
hens
.
Owre
men
wente
and
they
came
accordynge
to
their
promisse
and
brought
with
them
eyght
of
their
hennes
beynge
as
bygge
as
peacockes
,
of
brownyshe
coloure
,
and
not
inferiour
to
peacockes
in
pleasaunte
tast
.
They
brought
also
as
muche
bread
made
of
Maizium
(
whiche
is
a
graine
not
muche
vnlyke
vnto
panyke
)
as
wolde
scarcely
serue
tenne
hungry
men
:
And
here
with
desyred
them
to
depart
.
But
when
they
perceaued
that
owre
men
made
no
hast
away
,
immediately
there
came
a
great
coompanye
of
armed
men
towarde
theym
demaundyng
what
they
had
to
do
thus
to
wander
in
other
mennes
landes
.
Owr
men
made
answere
by
Aquillaris
,
that
they
desyred
peace
,
vyttayles
,
and
golde
for
exchaunge
of
other
thinges
.
They
answered
ageyne
,
that
they
wolde
nother
peace
nor
warre
with
them
.
But
threatned
them
to
auoyde
the
lande
excepte
they
woolde
bee
distroyed
euery
manne
.
Owre
men
sayde
that
they
woulde
not
departe
withowte
suffyciente
vyttayles
to
mayntayne
their
souldyers
.
They
appoynted
the
day
folowynge
to
brynge
them
more
vytayles
:
but
they
brooke
promesse
.
Yet
perceauing
the
second
day
that
owre
men
were
encamped
on
the
sande
and
had
reposed
there
that
nyght
,
they
brought
them
as
much
more
vytayles
,
and
commaunded
them
in
the
name
of
theyr
kynge
to
departe
.
Owre
men
sayde
that
they
were
desyrous
to
see
the
towne
,
and
to
haue
yet
more
store
of
vytayles
.
The
Barbarians
denyed
theyr
request
,
and
therewith
departed
whisperynge
and
mutterynge
amonge
them selues
.
In
the
meane
tyme
owre
men
were
styll
so
oppressed
with
hunger
that
they
were
enforced
to
seeke
for
meate
.
The
gouernoure
therefore
sent
his
vnder
capitaynes
to
lande
with
a
hundreth
and
fyftie
men
.
A
confl●cte
.
As
they
went
dispersed
in
dyuers
companyes
about
the
vyllages
of
the
country
,
the
Barbarians
met
with
one
of
theyr
bandes
,
and
put
them
to
great
distresse
.
But
when
theyr
felowes
beinge
not
farre
from
them
,
harde
the
noyse
of
theyr
alarome
,
they
came
with
all
possible
haste
to
theyr
rescue
.
The
gouernour
on
the
other
syde
,
placinge
his
ordinance
in
the
brygantines
and
shippe
boates
,
approched
to
the
shore
with
the
residue
of
his
souldiers
.
The
Barbarians
lykewise
,
beinge
redy
furnyshed
to
the
battayle
,
came
runnynge
to
the
sea
syde
to
disturbe
theym
that
they
shulde
not
coome
alande
:
And
with
theyr
arrowes
,
wounded
manye
a
farre
of
vnprepared
.
The
gouernoure
discharged
aboute
.xx.
pieces
of
ordinaunce
ageynste
them
:
The
Barbarians
are
put
to
flyght
.
With
the
slaughter
and
terrible
thunder
wherof
,
&
with
the
flame
of
fyer
and
smel
of
brimstone
,
they
were
so
astonished
and
put
to
such
feare
,
that
they
fled
and
disparcled
lyke
wylde
beastes
:
whom
owre
men
persuinge
,
entered
into
the
towne
which
th
inhabitantes
forfooke
in
maner
for
feare
of
theyr
owne
men
whom
they
sawe
so
dismayde
.
On
the
banke
of
this
ryuer
there
is
a
towne
of
such
portentous
byggenes
as
I
dare
not
speake
.
The
great
towne
of
Postanchana
or
Uictoria
.
But
Alaminus
the
pylot
,
sayth
that
it
conteyneth
in
circuite
fyue
hundreth
myles
,
and
that
it
consisteth
of
.xxv.
thousande
houses
.
A
towne
of
xxv
.
thou●and
houses
.
Sume
make
it
sumwhat
lesse
:
But
they
all
agree
that
it
is
exceadynge
great
and
notable
.
The
houses
are
diuided
with
gardens
,
and
are
buylded
of
lyme
and
stone
verye
artificially
and
of
cunnynge
woorkemanshippe
.
To
theyr
haules
,
chambers
,
parlers
,
or
other
places
of
habitation
,
they
ascende
by
tenne
or
twelue
steares
:
And
haue
certeyne
spaces
betwene
euery
house
:
so
that
it
is
not
lawful
for
any
to
lade
his
neighbours
waules
with
rafters
or
beames
.
Theyr
houses
are
sep●rate
one
from
an
other
by
the
space
of
three
houses
:
And
are
for
the
more
parte
couered
with
reede
and
thetche
:
And
many
also
with
slate
or
other
stone
.
The
barbarians
them selues
confessed
that
they
were
that
day
fortie
thousande
men
at
the
battayle
,
which
were
vanquished
of
a
fewe
by
reason
of
the
newe
and
vnknowen
kynde
of
feyght
with
gunnes
and
horses
.
Gunnes
and
horses
.
For
the
gouernour
had
vnbarked
.xvi.
horses
which
were
also
at
the
battayle
,
and
so
fiercely
assayled
the
Barbarians
on
the
backehalfe
,
that
they
brake
theyr
array
and
scattered
them
as
it
had
byn
flockes
of
sheepe
,
ouerthrowing
,
woundynge
,
and
kyllynge
them
on
euery
syde
.
Whiche
thynge
th●
seely
wretches
so
imputed
to
a
miracle
,
that
they
had
not
the
poure
to
occupie
theyr
wepons
.
For
wheras
before
they
had
neuer
seene
any
horses
,
they
thought
that
the
man
on
horsebacke
and
the
horse
,
had
byn
all
one
beaste
,
The
man
&
the
horse
.
thought
to
be
one
beast
.
as
the
antiquitie
dyd
fable
of
the
monster
Centaurus
.
Centaurus
.
Owr
men
possessed
the
towne
.xxii.
dayes
where
they
made
good
chere
vnder
couert
,
whyle
the
owners
of
the
houses
lay
vnder
the
firmament
and
durst
not
assayle
owre
men
who
had
placed
them selues
in
the
strongest
parte
of
the
towne
,
where
sume
kepte
continuall
watche
(
least
the
Barbarians
shulde
soodenly
inuade
theim
)
whyle
other
gaue
them selues
to
reste
and
sleepe
.
Thinhabitantes
caule
this
towne
Potanchana
:
But
owre
men
for
the
victorie
which
they
obteyned
here
,
named
it
Victoria
.
It
is
a
maruelous
thynge
to
consider
the
greatenes
,
magnifi●ence
and
finenes
of
the
buyldinge
of
certeyne
palaices
they
haue
in
the
countrey
to
the
which
they
resorte
sumtymes
for
theyr
solace
and
pastyme
.
●alaices
of
maruelous
bygnes
and
●el
buylded
.
These
are
curiously
buylded
with
many
pleasaunt
diuises
,
as
galeries
,
solars
,
t●rrettes
,
portals
,
gutters
with
chambers
boorded
after
the
maner
of
owre
waynscotte
and
well
flowred
.
Foure
of
owr
Spanyardes
went
into
one
of
them
of
such
greatnes
,
that
they
wandered
in
the
same
for
the
space
of
foure
houres
before
they
coulde
fynde
the
waye
owt
.
At
the
length
by
th
interpretours
and
certeyne
captiues
owre
men
sent
for
the
kynge
and
suche
rulers
as
were
nexte
vnder
hym
in
autoritie
,
wyllyng
them
to
submyt
them selues
and
to
coome
into
the
towne
vnarmed
.
Gyuinge
the
messengers
further
in
commaundement
to
certifie
them
that
in
their
so
doinge
,
they
wolde
commen
with
them
as
concernynge
conditions
of
peace
,
and
restore
them
theyr
towne
.
They
came
gladly
,
and
entered
euery
man
into
his
owne
house
vppon
condition
that
they
shulde
euer
thereafter
absteyne
from
such
cerimonies
and
horrible
sacrifices
of
mans
fleshe
to
deuils
the
mortal
enemies
to
mankynd
,
whose
Images
they
honoured
.
And
to
directe
the
eyes
of
theyr
myndes
to
Christe
owre
god
the
maker
of
heauen
and
earth
,
They
receue
owre
religion
.
who
was
borne
into
this
world
of
a
virgin
,
and
suffered
death
on
the
crosse
for
the
redemption
of
mankynde
.
And
fynally
to
professe
them selues
subiectes
to
the
great
Christian
kynge
of
Spayne
.
They
promysed
both
,
and
were
instructed
as
farre
as
the
shortenes
of
tyme
wolde
permitte
.
Beinge
thus
restored
,
they
recompensed
owre
men
with
many
rewardes
:
Supposynge
suche
men
to
be
sent
from
heauen
,
which
being
so
fewe
in
number
,
durst
attempte
battayle
ageynst
so
great
a
multitude
.
They
gaue
owre
men
also
certeyne
golde
and
twentie
slaues
.
Departing
therefore
from
hense
,
and
coastynge
styll
alonge
by
the
same
shore
,
they
came
ageyne
to
the
goulfe
whiche
Alaminus
the
pylot
founde
before
vnder
Grisalua
.
This
they
named
Bian
Sancti
Iohannis
,
that
is
,
Saynt
Iohns
goulfe
:
For
Bian
in
the
Spanyshe
tonge
signifieth
a
goulfe
.
Here
th
inhabitantes
resorted
to
them
peaceably
.
Aboute
a
myle
frome
the
shore
,
was
a
towne
of
a
thousande
and
fyue
hundreth
houses
situate
vppon
a
hyll
.
A
towne
of
a
thousand
&
fyue
hundred
houses
,
They
profered
owre
men
halfe
the
towne
if
they
wolde
dwel
with
them
for
euer
.
This
perhaps
they
dyd
the
rather
eyther
fearynge
th
exemple
of
th
inhabitantes
of
Potan●hana
,
the
fame
wherof
myght
haue
coome
to
theyr
eares
,
or
els
hopynge
that
vnder
the
shadowe
of
suche
valiant
menne
,
they
myght
obteyne
ayde
and
succour
ageynst
theyr
enemies
and
bortherers
.
For
(
as
I
haue
sayde
before
)
they
dystroye
one
an
other
with
continuall
warre
for
the
desyre
to
inlarge
theyr
dominions
.
Owre
men
refused
perpetuall
habitacion
,
and
accepted
theyr
frendely
profer
for
a
tyme
.
As
they
came
alande
,
the
people
folowed
them
on
euery
syde
with
bouwes
in
theyr
handes
which
they
helde
ouer
owre
mens
heades
to
defende
them
from
the
rayne
as
though
they
had
walked
in
a
continual
arbour
.
Here
they
encamped
.
And
least
the
residue
lefte
in
the
shippes
,
shulde
in
the
meane
tyme
waxe
slothefull
with
Idlenes
,
the
gouernour
gaue
commaundement
to
Alaminus
the
pylot
and
Francis
Montegius
to
search
the
west
partes
of
that
lande
,
whyle
he
relieued
the
weried
souldiers
and
healed
suche
as
were
wounded
.
To
them
that
went
forward
on
this
vyage
,
he
assigned
two
brigantines
with
fiftie
men
.
An other
v●age
of
two
brygantines
&
fiftie
men
.
Unto
this
goulfe
,
the
course
of
the
water
was
gentyl
enough
and
moderate
.
where
the
sea
runneth
swyftly
from
the
East
to
the
West
.
But
when
they
had
sayled
a
lyttle
further
towarde
the
Weste
,
they
founde
the
sea
runnynge
with
so
swift
a
course
as
if
it
were
a
great
ryuer
faulynge
from
the
tops
of
hygh
mountaynes
:
In
so
much
that
in
a
shorte
space
of
tyme
it
caried
them
fiftie
myles
from
theyr
felowes
.
When
they
were
now
entered
into
this
violent
streame
of
the
water
,
A
conflict
betwene
the
waters
comming
from
the
west
and
from
the
south
.
they
sawe
on
their
left
hand
a
large
playne
sea
which
mette
with
the
course
of
the
other
waters
faulynge
from
the
weste
.
And
lyke
as
two
great
ryuers
that
runne
contrary
wayes
,
make
a
vehement
conflycte
where
they
meete
,
so
seemed
the
waters
commyng
from
the
Southe
to
resyst
these
waters
as
enemyes
that
had
entered
into
the
ryght
or
possessyon
of
an
other
.
On
the
contrary
parte
,
they
sawe
the
lande
reachynge
farre
bothe
on
the
lefte
hande
and
on
the
ryght
.
In
this
strife
betwene
the
waters
,
they
were
so
tossed
on
bothe
sydes
and
entangled
with
whirlepooles
,
A
dangerous
and
peinefull
vyage
.
that
they
longe
wrestled
with
owte
hope
of
lyfe
.
At
the
length
with
muche
difficultie
,
turnynge
the
stemmes
or
forpartes
of
their
shyppes
ageynst
the
streame
from
whense
they
came
,
and
labourynge
al
that
they
myght
with
their
oers
and
sayles
,
they
coulde
scarsely
ouercoome
the
rage
of
the
water
:
In
so
much
that
where
as
they
thought
that
they
had
in
one
nyght
sayled
twoo
myles
,
they
founde
that
they
were
dryuen
backe
foure
myles
.
Yet
at
the
length
with
goddes
helpe
,
they
ouercame
this
daungerours
conflycte
.
They
spente
.xxii.
daies
in
this
lyttle
space
of
sea
:
And
when
they
were
nowe
returned
to
their
felowes
,
declared
vnto
them
that
that
ende
was
the
land
of
Colluacana
whiche
they
adiudged
to
be
parte
of
the
supposed
continent
.
The
land
of
Colluacana
.
The
lande
whiche
they
sawe
a
farre
of
before
their
fase
,
they
suppose
eyther
to
be
annexed
to
owre
continent
,
or
to
bee
ioyned
to
the
large
North
regions
cauled
Baccalaos
,
The
land
of
Baccaleos
or
Baccal●arum
wherof
we
haue
made
mention
in
owr
Decades
in
the
vyage
of
Sebastian
Cabote
.
This
matter
is
yet
doubtefull
.
But
wee
truste
it
shall
once
bee
better
knowen
.
While
Alaminus
and
Montegius
searched
these
secreates
,
the
kynge
of
the
prouince
(
whose
name
was
Multoxumam
)
sent
owre
men
by
one
of
his
chiefe
offycers
(
beynge
also
his
Lieuetenaunt
of
the
sayde
towne
)
many
ryche
and
goodly
presentes
of
golde
,
syluer
,
and
precious
stoones
,
Rych
presen●es
of
golde
and
precious
sle●es
.
sette
and
wroughte
after
a
marueylous
straunge
deuyse
and
with
no
lesse
cunnynge
woorkemanshyp
.
Here
they
determined
to
sende
messengiers
to
owre
newe
Emperour
to
knowe
his
pleasure
that
they
myght
in
this
prouince
plan●
a
newe
colonie
or
habitation
.
And
this
dyd
they
withowte
th
aduise
of
Diegus
Velasquen
the
gouernour
of
the
Iland
of
Cuba
or
Fernandina
,
who
fyrste
sente
them
foorth
with
commaundement
to
returne
ageyne
after
they
had
searched
these
regions
and
obteyned
plentie
of
golde
.
While
they
consulted
hereof
,
they
were
of
dyuers
opinions
.
But
the
moste
part
alleaged
that
in
this
case
it
was
not
requisyte
to
make
the
gouernour
of
their
counsaile
.
Forasmuche
as
the
matter
shulde
be
referred
to
a
higher
Iudge
,
as
to
the
kyng
of
Spaine
him selfe
.
When
they
were
thus
agreed
,
they
receaued
vyttayles
of
the
gentle
kyng
of
the
prouince
,
and
assigned
the
place
of
their
colonie
twelue
myles
from
the
sayde
towne
,
in
a
fruteful
and
holsome
soile
.
A
newe
colonie
.
For
their
generall
gouernour
,
they
elected
Cortesius
the
gouernour
of
the
nauye
,
against
his
wyll
as
sum
saye
.
For
other
magistrates
to
gouerne
the
citie
which
they
intended
to
build
he
choose
Portu●arerius
and
Montegius
of
whome
we
haue
made
mention
before
.
This
Cortesius
hath
written
a
booke
of
these
thinges
They
chose
also
certeyne
messengiers
to
sende
to
the
kyng
by
the
conduction
of
Alaminus
the
pylot
.
Furthermore
,
foure
of
the
princes
of
this
prouince
offered
them selues
wyllyngly
to
go
with
owre
men
into
Spaine
to
th
intent
to
see
owre
landes
and
that
kynge
whose
poure
is
soo
great
and
whose
auctoritie
reacheth
so
farre
.
They
brought
lykewise
two
women
with
them
,
which
serued
&
obeied
them
in
all
thinges
after
the
maner
of
theyr
countrey
.
The
people
of
this
nation
is
of
broune
or
yelowyshe
colour
.
Bothe
the
men
and
the
women
haue
pendauntes
of
gold
and
precious
stones
hanginge
at
their
eares
.
The
men
also
,
boore
their
nether
lyppes
full
of
holes
from
the
vppermoste
parte
of
the
lyppe
euen
vnto
the
nethermoste
parte
of
the
gumme
.
They
weare
rynges
and
plates
at
ther
lyppes
.
At
these
they
hange
certeyne
rynges
and
plates
of
golde
and
syluer
fastned
to
a
smaule
and
thynne
plate
lyinge
within
betwene
the
lippe
and
the
gumme
.
At
the
byggest
hole
in
the
myddest
of
the
lip
,
there
hangeth
a
rounde
plate
of
syluer
as
brode
as
the
coyne
cauled
a
Corolyne
,
and
as
thicke
as
a
mannes
fynger
.
I
do
not
remember
that
euer
I
sawe
any
thinge
that
seemed
more
fylthy
in
myne
eye
.
The
dyuers
phantasies
of
men
.
Yet
do
they
thynke
that
there
is
nothing
more
cumly
vnder
the
circle
of
the
moone
.
Wherby
we
may
see
howe
vainely
mankynde
wandereth
in
his
owne
blyndnesse
.
The
Ethiopian
thincketh
the
blacke
colour
to
be
fayrer
then
the
white
:
And
the
white
man
thinketh
otherwise
.
They
that
are
pouled
,
thinke
that
more
decent
then
to
weare
a
bush
and
they
that
weare
beardes
,
iudge
it
a
deformitie
to
be
shauen
.
As
appetite
therfore
moueth
,
and
not
as
reason
perswadeth
,
men
runne
after
vanities
:
And
euery
prouynce
is
rul●d
by
their
ownesense
,
as
writeth
saint
Ierome
.
From
whense
they
haue
their
golde
,
we
haue
spoken
sufficiently
before
.
But
as
owre
men
marueyled
where
they
had
their
syluer
,
Syluer
.
they
shewed
them
certayne
high
mountaynes
whiche
are
continually
couered
with
snowe
sauynge
that
at
certeyne
●ymes
of
the
yeare
,
the
onely
toppes
are
seene
hate
bicause
the
snow
is
there
molten
by
reason
of
the
thicke
and
warme
●loudes
.
The
playnes
therfore
,
or
mylde
,
softe
,
and
pleasaunt
mountaynes
seeme
to
brynge
foorthe
golde
:
And
the
rough
craggye
mountaynes
with
their
coulde
valleyes
,
are
the
places
wh●re
syluer
is
engendered
.
Note
where
go●d
and
sylue●
are
engendered
.
They
haue
also
laton
,
wherof
they
make
such
maces
and
hammers
as
are
vsed
in
the
warres
.
I
thinke
this
l●ton
to
●e
sum
ky●de
of
pure
copper
▪
or
els
copper
that
holde●h
golde
.
Fo●
laton
is
an
artificial
me●a●
,
&
hath
no
natu●all
myne
Theyr
bokes
Dyggynge
mattockes
also
,
and
spades
:
for
they
haue
nother
Iren
nor
steele
.
But
lette
vs
nowe
speake
of
the
presentes
sent
into
Spayne
to
the
kyng
:
and
fyrste
of
the
bokes
.
These
procuratours
therfore
of
the
newe
colonie
of
the
prouynce
of
Colluacana
,
emong
other
their
presentes
,
brought
also
a
great
number
of
bookes
,
the
leaues
wherof
are
made
of
the
inner
ryndes
or
barkes
of
trees
,
thinner
then
eyther
that
of
the
elme
or
of
the
salowe
.
These
they
smere
or
annoint
with
the
pytche
of
molten
Bitumen
,
and
while
they
be
softe
,
extend
them
to
what
forme
them
lysteth
.
When
they
be
coulde
and
harde
,
they
rubbe
them
ouer
with
a
certeyne
playster
.
It
is
to
bee
thoughte
that
they
beate
the
playster
into
fine
floure
,
and
so
temperynge
it
with
sum
byndynge
moister
,
to
make
a
cruste
therwith
vppon
the
leaues
,
wheron
they
wryte
with
any
sharpe
instrument
,
and
blotte
the
same
againe
with
a
●punge
or
sum
suche
other
thynge
,
as
marchaunt
men
and
noble
mens
stewardes
are
accustomed
to
do
with
their
wrytynge
tables
made
of
the
woodde
of
fygge
trees
.
The
leaues
of
their
bokes
are
not
set
in
order
after
the
maner
of
owres
,
but
are
extended
many
cubettes
in
length
.
The
matters
whiche
they
write
,
are
conteyned
in
square
table
:
Not
loose
,
but
so
bounde
togither
with
the
toughe
and
flexible
cley
cauled
Bitumen
,
that
they
seeme
lyke
woodden
tables
whiche
had
byn
vnder
the
handes
of
cunnyng
bokebynders
.
Which
way
so
euer
the
booke
lyeth
open
,
there
are
two
leaues
seene
and
two
sydes
written
,
with
as
many
lyinge
hyd
vnder
them
,
ex●epte
the
booke
be
vnfoulded
in
length
.
For
vnder
one
leafe
there
are
many
leaues
ioyned
togyther
.
The
formes
of
their
letters
are
nothynge
lyke
vnto
owres
.
Theyr
letters
But
are
muche
more
crooked
and
entangeled
,
lyke
vnto
fyshehookes
,
knottes
,
snares
,
starres
,
dise
,
fyles
,
and
suche
other
muche
lyke
vnto
the
Egiptian
letters
,
and
written
in
lynes
lyke
vnto
owres
.
Here
and
there
betwene
the
lynes
,
are
pictured
the
shapes
of
men
&
dyuers
beastes
:
And
especially
the
Images
of
kynges
and
other
noble
men
.
what
is
conteyned
in
theyr
bookes
.
Wherby
it
is
to
be
thought
tha●
in
suche
bookes
,
the
factes
of
their
kynges
are
conceyued
,
as
wee
see
the
lyke
emonge
vs
howe
owre
printers
expresse
the
summe
of
histories
in
pictures
,
that
men
may
therby
be
the
more
allured
to
bye
suche
bookes
.
The
couerynges
of
their
bookes
are
also
artifycially
wrought
and
paynted
.
When
they
are
shutte
,
they
seeme
to
differre
nothynge
from
owres
in
forme
.
In
these
bookes
are
furthermore
comprehended
their
lawes
,
rytes
of
ceremonies
and
sacrifyces
,
annotations
of
Astronomie
,
accomptes
,
computations
of
tymes
,
with
the
maner
of
graffynge
,
sowyng
,
and
other
thynges
perteinyng
to
husbandry
.
They
begynne
the
yeare
from
the
goynge
downe
of
the
seuen
starres
cauled
Vergiliae
or
Pleiades
:
And
counte
theyr
monethes
accordyng
to
the
moones
.
They
name
a
moneth
,
Tona
,
of
the
moone
.
For
in
theyr
language
,
they
caule
the
moone
Tona
,
they
reken
the
dayes
by
the
soonnes
.
Therfore
as
many
daies
as
they
name
,
they
saye
,
so
many
soonnes
.
The
soonne
in
their
tonge
,
is
cauled
Tonati●o
.
They
destribute
the
yeare
(
without
any
reason
why
)
into
twentie
monethes
:
And
the
moneth
into
as
many
dayes
.
The
temples
whiche
they
frequent
,
Temple●
rychly
adourned
.
they
adourne
with
golden
hangynges
and
other
ornamentes
of
golde
and
syluer
with
precious
stones
intermixte
.
At
the
springe
of
the
daye
,
Prayer
.
they
perfume
their
temples
with
frankensence
and
make
their
praiers
before
they
take
in
hande
any
other
busynesse
.
But
oh
horrible
crueltie
.
For
th
inhabitauntes
of
all
these
tractes
also
,
doo
sacrifyce
children
to
their
Idoles
in
lyke
maner
as
wee
haue
sayde
before
.
They
sacryfice
chyldren
&
captyues
.
At
suche
tyme
as
the
seedes
lye
in
the
ground
,
and
when
the
corne
begynneth
to
shewe
foorth
the
eare
,
they
destinate
to
their
Zemes
suche
bondmen
as
they
haue
bought
,
or
suche
captiues
as
they
haue
taken
in
the
warres
,
which
they
sacrifyce
after
that
they
haue
made
them
great
chiere
and
decked
them
in
precious
apparell
.
Also
before
they
sacrifyce
these
poore
wretches
,
A
wronge
way
to
heauen
they
lead
them
about
the
towne
whyle
al
the
people
salute
them
humbly
and
reuerently
,
affyrmyng
that
in
shorte
space
,
they
shal
be
receaued
into
the
coompanye
of
the
goddes
.
They
honour
their
Zemes
with
an
other
sharp
kind
of
deuotion
:
For
they
lette
them selues
bludde
,
eyther
in
the
tonge
,
Bluddy
gods
lyps
,
eares
legges
,
thyghes
,
or
brest
,
which
they
take
in
their
handes
and
hurle
it
vppe
towarde
heauen
,
soo
that
with
the
faule
therof
the
pauement
of
the
temple
is
all
s●arcled
with
bludde
,
wherby
they
thincke
that
their
goddes
are
well
pleased
.
From
the
newe
colonie
(
cauled
Villa
Ricca
)
nyne
myles
distante
,
Villa
Ricca
.
there
is
a
towne
of
.xv.
thousande
houses
,
whiche
th
inhabitauntes
caule
Cemobal
,
but
owre
men
named
it
Sybilla
.
Siuilla
Noua
.
The
kynge
of
this
towne
had
fyue
men
whiche
he
reserued
to
be
sacrifyced
.
Whom
when
owre
men
wold
haue
delyuered
,
the
kynge
made
humble
request
to
them
,
sayinge
that
if
they
tooke
awaye
suche
men
as
he
had
consecrated
to
be
offered
to
the
goddes
,
they
shulde
brynge
vtter
destruction
to
hym
and
all
his
kyngdome
.
The
force
of
an
owlde
errour
.
For
if
owre
sacrifyces
(
sayd
he
)
do
cease
,
owre
Zemes
wyll
take
suche
displeasure
with
vs
that
they
wyll
suffer
owre
corne
,
graffes
,
and
frutes
,
to
bee
consumed
of
woormes
,
scortched
with
drowth
,
destroyed
with
fluddes
,
or
blasted
with
lyghtnynge
.
Owre
men
perceauynge
his
ernestnesse
herein
,
thought
it
beste
to
chose
the
least
euel
,
perceauynge
that
it
was
yet
no
tyme
to
disquyes
their
myndes
,
and
therfore
suffered
them
to
exercise
their
accustomed
ceremonies
.
And
althoughe
their
priestes
promysse
theym
immortall
glorie
,
eternall
felicytie
,
and
perpetuall
conuersation
with
the
goddes
after
the
stormye
dayes
of
this
lyfe
,
Theyr
priests
lyue
chast
.
yet
do
they
with
heauy
countenaunces
giue
eare
to
their
promisses
,
and
had
rather
be
sette
at
lybertie
.
Their
priestes
are
named
Quines
in
the
plurell
number
,
and
Quin
in
the
syngular
.
They
leade
a
pure
and
chaste
lyfe
:
And
are
honoured
of
the
people
with
feare
and
reuerence
.
They
make
fagots
of
the
bones
of
their
enemyes
which
they
haue
taken
in
the
warres
,
Faggots
of
bones
.
and
hange
vppe
the
same
at
the
feete
of
their
Zemes
,
as
tokens
of
the
victories
obteyned
by
their
fauour
.
To
these
they
adde
certayne
titles
and
superscriptions
as
testimonies
of
the
same
.
This
is
straunge
and
woorthy
to
be
noted
,
that
when
their
children
are
a
yeare
oulde
,
the
priestes
in
their
temples
with
deuoute
ceremonies
and
murmurynge
woordes
,
poure
water
in
forme
of
a
crosse
vpon
their
heades
with
a
cruet
,
wherby
they
seeme
to
baptise
them
.
A
fygure
of
baptisme
.
Neyther
do
they
as
the
Iewes
and
Turkes
,
thinke
their
temples
polluted
if
any
of
a
straunge
relygion
bee
present
at
their
sacrifyces
and
other
solemnities
.
Wee
haue
nowe
spoken
suffycientely
of
their
bookes
,
temples
,
and
superstitions
.
Lette
vs
nowe
therfore
coome
to
the
other
presentes
which
were
brought
to
the
kynge
.
The
presentes
sent
into
Spayne
to
the
kynge
.
Emonge
these
,
there
were
twoo
broode
and
rounde
plates
(
whiche
summe
haue
named
the
Images
of
the
soonne
and
moone
)
the
one
of
siluer
and
the
other
of
gold
in
largenesse
and
roundnesse
muche
lyke
to
the
stones
of
hand
mylles
:
Two
Images
of
gold
and
syluer
.
yet
but
thynne
,
and
in
maner
bothe
of
one
circumference
,
that
is
xxviii
.
spannes
in
circuite
.
That
of
golde
is
of
the
weyght
of
three
thousande
and
.viii.
hundreth
Castellans
,
where
as
wee
haue
sayde
before
that
a
Castellane
is
a
coyne
of
golde
which
weyeth
more
then
a
Ducate
by
a
trient
,
that
is
the
thyrde
parte
of
a
pounde
.
In
the
center
of
this
,
was
the
Image
of
a
kynge
of
halfe
a
cubette
longe
,
syttinge
in
a
trone
and
appareled
to
the
knee
,
lyke
vnto
a
maumette
,
with
such
countenaunce
as
owre
paynters
are
wonte
to
paynte
fayries
or
sprites
.
About
the
Image
,
were
the
●hapes
of
trees
and
floures
,
so
that
it
seemed
to
sytte
as
though
it
had
byn
in
a
fielde
.
The
other
of
syluer
,
was
made
to
the
same
similitude
,
beinge
also
in
maner
of
the
same
weyght
,
and
both
of
pure
metall
.
They
brought
lykewyse
certeyne
graynes
of
rude
golde
(
that
is
,
suche
as
was
neuer
molten
)
about
the
byggenes
of
fytches
or
the
pulse
cauled
lintels
in
token
of
plentie
of
natiue
golde
.
Also
two
cheynes
of
golde
,
Two
cheine●
of
gold
maruelou●ly
byset
with
precious
stones
and
iewels
.
wherof
the
one
conteyned
.viii.
lynkes
in
the
whiche
were
set
two
hundreth
threescore
and
twoo
fayre
and
cleare
redde
stones
,
and
yet
no
rubyes
:
furthermore
,
a
hundrethe
fourescore
and
three
greene
stones
,
and
yet
no
emerodes
.
Neuerthelesse
,
these
are
in
lyke
estimation
with
them
as
the
other
are
with
vs
.
At
the
edge
of
this
cheine
,
there
hange
.xxvii
golden
belles
,
hauynge
betwene
euery
of
them
,
foure
iewels
of
precious
stones
inclosed
in
golde
,
at
euery
of
the
which
in
lyke
maner
hange
certeyne
spangels
of
golde
.
The
other
cheyne
consisteth
onely
of
foure
golden
lynkes
,
beset
rounde
about
with
a
hundreth
and
two
redde
stones
,
and
a
hundreth
threescore
and
twelue
greene
stones
,
with
.xxvi.
golden
belles
curiously
wrought
and
placed
in
comely
order
.
In
the
very●
myddest
of
the
cheyne
,
are
ten
great
precious
stones
inclosed
in
golde
,
at
the
whiche
also
hange
a
hundrethe
golden
pendauntes
of
cunnynge
woorkemanshippe
.
Buskyns
.
They
brought
furthermore
twelue
paire
of
lether
huskynnes
of
diuers
colours
,
summe
imbrothered
with
gold
and
summe
with
syluer
,
with
plates
and
iewelles
of
golde
and
precious
stones
inclosed
,
and
at
euery
of
them
certayne
golden
belles
.
Also
certeyne
myters
besette
with
precious
stoones
of
dyuerse
colours
,
Myters
.
emonge
the
whiche
sume
are
blewe
like
vnto
saphires
.
Of
crestes
,
gerdles
,
and
fannes
made
of
fethers
,
I
wotte
not
what
I
shulde
saye
.
how
can
we
then
ca●l
them
beastly
or
Barbarous
.
But
suerly
if
euer
the
wyttes
and
inuentions
of
men
haue
deserued
honoure
or
commendacion
in
such●
artes
,
these
seeme
moste
woorthy
to
bee
had
in
admiracion
.
I
do
not
maruaile
at
golde
and
precious
stones
.
But
am
in
maner
astony●hed
to
see
the
woorkemanshyppe
excell
the
substance
.
For
I
haue
with
woonderynge
eyes
behelde
a
thousande
formes
and
similitudes
,
of
the
which
I
am
not
able
to
write
.
If
they
had
changed
their
gold
for
owre
Irē
,
they
had
not
so
soone
byn
subdued
.
Quylles
.
And
in
my
iudgement
,
I
neuer
sawe
any
thing
whose
bewtie
myght
so
allure
the
eyes
of
men
.
As
they
marueyled
at
the
naturall
bewtie
of
the
fethers
of
owre
peacockes
and
pheasantes
,
so
dyd
we
no
lesse
maruel
at
the
artifycial
bewtie
of
suche
thinges
as
they
make
of
fe●hers
and
quilles
impaled
with
golde
.
For
I
sawe
in
manye
of
their
woorkes
,
all
maner
of
natiue
colours
euen
in
the
quilles
wherof
they
make
suche
instrumentes
.
They
brought
also
two
helmettes
garnysshed
with
precious
stones
of
a
whiteshe
blewe
colour
.
●elmets
.
One
of
these
is
edged
with
belles
and
plates
of
golde
,
and
vnder
euery
bell
two
knobbes
of
golde
.
The
other
,
besyde
the
stones
wherwith
it
is
couered
,
●
byrde
.
is
lykewyse
edged
with
.xxv.
golden
belles
and
knobbes
:
&
hath
on
the
crest
,
a
greene
bird
with
the
feete
,
bylle
,
and
eyes
,
of
golde
.
Also
foure
speares
muche
lyke
vnto
troute
speares
or
yele
speares
,
Speares
.
the
woodde
wherof
is
all
couered
with
quilles
of
diuers
colours
marueilously
wrethed
with
golden
wyers
and
plates
intermyxte
.
Euery
of
these
speares
haue
three
pikes
,
whose
edges
or
teeth
are
all
of
precious
stones
made
faste
with
wyers
of
golde
.
Of
like
workmanship
they
brought
a
great
scepter
byset
with
precious
stoones
and
belles
of
gold
,
A
sce●ter
.
also
a
braslet
of
gold
,
A
braselet
.
and
showes
made
of
a
hartes
skynne
,
Shooes
.
sowed
bimbrothered
with
golden
wyers
,
with
a
white
sole
beneth
.
Furthermore
a
glasse
of
a
bryght
blewe
stone
,
Glasses
.
and
an
other
of
white
,
bo●h
enclosed
in
golde
.
Likewise
a
precious
stone
of
the
kynde
of
them
that
are
cauled
Sphinges
,
inclosed
in
golde
.
Furthermore
the
heade
of
a
great
lysarde
,
two
great
shelles
,
two
duckes
,
the
shapes
of
diuers
other
byrdes
,
foules
,
and
fysshes
,
and
all
of
massie
golde
.
Byrdes
.
foules
,
&
fysshes
of
golde
.
Furthermore
.xxiiii.
rounde
and
souare
targettes
,
Targets
.
&c.
of
gold
.
shieldes
,
and
buckelers
of
golde
,
and
fyue
of
●yluer
.
Also
a
triple
crowne
of
plates
and
wyers
of
golde
marueyleuslye
wreathed
with
quilles
and
fethers
of
diuers
colours
,
A
crowne
of
golde
.
hauing
on
the
fronte
a
plate
of
golde
on
the
whiche
is
grauen
the
Image
of
the
Idole
Zemes.
About
this
Image
,
hange
foure
other
plates
like
crosses
of
gold
in
the
whiche
are
grauen
the
heades
of
diuers
beastes
,
Crosses
.
as
lyons
,
tigers
,
woulues
,
and
such
other
.
They
brought
also
the
symilitudes
of
certeyne
beastes
made
summe
of
roddes
or
twygges
,
and
sum
of
woodde
with
the
beastes
owne
skynnes
theron
,
Images
of
baest●s
.
and
garnysshed
with
collers
of
laton
belles
.
Lykewise
diuers
shietes
weaued
of
gossampyne
cotton
of
sundry
colours
,
Shi●tes
.
wherof
two
are
rychely
frynged
with
golde
and
precious
stones
,
and
three
other
with
euilles
and
fethers
intermyxte
with
gossampine
cotton
of
sundrye
colours
and
chekered
lyke
the
panes
of
a
cheste
borde
.
Sum
are
on
the
one
syde
,
of
blacke
,
white
,
and
redde
colours
:
and
on
the
other
syde
,
plaine
without
any
varietie
.
Other
sum
,
are
wrought
in
lyke
maner
with
variable
colours
wi●h
a
wheele
or
circle
of
blacke
in
the
myddest
intermyxt●
with
shyning
fethers
and
sparkes
of
golde
lyke
starres
.
They
brought
also
cloth
of
Aras
or
Uerdure
of
marueylous
wo●kmanshyppe
.
Cloth
of
arras
.
Lekewise
a
souldiers
cl●ke
suche
as
their
prync●s
weare
in
the
warres
,
A
souldyers
cl●cke
.
with
certeyne
priuye
coates
of
sence
,
and
sundrye
tirementes
perteynyng
to
their
heades
,
with
also
many
suche
other
thynges
more
bewtifull
to
the
eye
then
ryche
or
precious
,
wherof
to
entreate
particularly
,
it
shoulde
be
more
tedious
then
profytable
.
I
lette
passe
here
also
to
speake
of
many
particular
nauigations
and
of
the
traua●les
and
daungers
whiche
they
susteyned
in
the
sam●
,
with
the
monsters
and
secreates
of
nature
they
sawe
:
●hiche
are
all
conteyned
in
the
regesters
of
owre
Se●●te
of
th
●ffayres
of
India
,
Reg●stere
of
th
aff●yres
of
India
.
owte
of
the
whiche
I
haue
select●d
the●e
fe●●
a●●●tations
,
suche
as
seemed
to
me
moste
meete
to
bee
●u●lis●●●d
.
Notwithstandyng
these
ryche
and
goodly
presentes
,
yet
were
they
that
brought
them
,
and
also
Cortesius
the
gouernour
of
the
nauye
and
autour
of
erectinge
their
newe
colonie
in
those
remote
regions
,
Tha●toritie
of
the
Lieuetenaunt
.
adiudged
by
the
Senate
to
haue
doen
ageinst
ryght
and
equitie
,
in
that
they
attempted
the
same
withowte
th
aduice
of
the
gouernour
of
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
who
sente
them
foorthe
by
the
kynges
auctoritie
,
where
as
they
dyd
other
thinges
besyde
their
commyssyon
,
ye
althoughe
they
wente
to
the
kynge
,
not
fyrst
knowynge
his
pleasure
whom
the
kyng
had
substitute
his
Lieuetenaunt
in
that
Ilande
.
In
so
muche
that
by
his
procuratour
,
he
accused
them
before
the
Senate
as
fugitiue
theeues
and
traytours
.
They
on
the
other
parte
alleaged
that
they
had
dooen
the
kyng
better
seruyce
then
he
:
And
that
they
had
shewed
suffycient
obedience
in
appealyng
to
the
kyng
as
the
hygher
Iudge
.
But
the
gouernour
required
by
the
vertue
of
his
commission
and
the
kinges
letters
pattentes
that
they
myght
be
headed
for
their
disobedience
ageinst
hym
whom
they
knewe
to
be
autorised
by
the
kynge
.
They
ageine
replied
that
they
had
not
offended
the
kyng
,
but
rather
deserued
rewarde
for
their
great
dangiers
and
trauailes
.
Bothe
the
rewarde
and
punishment
were
deferred
,
and
a
daye
appointed
when
bothe
parties
shoulde
bee
harde
.
Leete
vs
nowe
therfore
coome
to
the
Spaniardes
of
Dariena
,
The
Spanyardes
of
Dariena
.
th
inhabitours
of
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
in
the
supposed
Continent
.
We
haue
sayde
before
that
Dariena
is
a
ryuer
runnynge
towarde
the
Weste
syde
of
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
.
On
the
banke
of
this
ryuer
,
the
Spaniardes
planted
their
fyrst
colonie
or
habitation
after
they
had
vanquisshed
kynge
Chemaccus
.
This
colonie
they
named
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
,
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
.
by
reason
of
a
vowe
whiche
they
made
to
the
virgine
Marie
in
the
tyme
of
the
battaile
ageynst
Chemaccus
.
To
these
(
as
wee
haue
mad●
mention
in
the
ende
of
owre
decades
)
was
Petrus
Arias
sente
with
a
thousande
and
two
hundreth
men
at
the
request
of
Vaschus
Nunnez
Balboa
,
Petrus
Arias
whom
the
Spanyardes
name
Pedia●ias
.
who
was
then
the
gouernour
of
Dariena
,
and
the
fyrst
that
found
and
discouered
the
large
South
sea
heretofore
vnknowen
.
This
sea
the
spanyardes
●aule
●ardel
〈◊〉
.
Wee
haue
also
declared
how
at
the
arriual
of
Petrus
Arias
the
newe
gouernour
,
he
deuided
his
armye
into
Centurions
,
that
is
,
capitaines
ouer
hundrethes
,
whom
hee
sent
foorth
dyuers
waies
.
What
tragedies
folowed
hereof
,
I
wyll
absolue
in
fewe
woordes
,
bycause
all
are
horrible
and
vnpleasaunte
.
For
sence
we
fynyshed
owre
Decades
,
Contention
betwene
Uaschus
and
Petrus
Arias
.
there
hath
byn
none
other
then
kyllynge
,
sleyinge
,
murtherynge
and
accusinge
.
The
kynge
made
Vaschus
gouernoure
but
durynge
his
pleasure
.
His
courage
was
such
,
and
his
factes
so
notorious
,
that
he
coulde
not
longe
abyde
the
hautynes
of
Petrus
Arias
.
To
bee
breefe
,
theyr
faulynge
owte
and
discord
confounded
al
thynges
.
Iohn
Cacedus
the
pulpitte
fryer
of
the
order
of
saynt
Frances
,
dyd
his
vttermoste
endeuour
to
make
them
frendes
,
promysynge
vnto
Vaschus
the
dowghter
of
Petrus
Arias
to
wyfe
.
But
no
meanes
coulde
be
founde
howe
these
two
which
bore
the
chiefe
rule
,
myght
bee
brought
to
agreement
.
At
the
length
the
matter
grewe
to
such
extremitie
,
that
Petrus
Arias
fyndynge
occasion
of
querelynge
ageynste
Vaschus
,
Petrus
Arias
commandeth
that
Uaschus
be
put
to
death
.
sent
processe
to
the
maiestrates
of
the
towne
,
wherby
he
commaunded
them
to
strangle
Vaschus
,
and
fyue
other
which
were
chiefe
capitaynes
vnder
hym
:
Alleagynge
that
they
and
their
confetherates
conspired
to
rebel
in
the
South
sea
:
And
that
Vaschus
hym selfe
for
that
intente
,
had
buylded
and
furnished
foure
shippes
to
search
the
south
coastes
of
the
supposed
continent
:
Also
that
to
his
three
hundreth
souldiers
and
companions
which
he
had
with
hym
,
he
shulde
speake
woordes
of
this
effecte
as
foloweth
.
My
frendes
,
and
felowes
of
my
longe
peynes
and
trauayles
:
Uaschus
is
accused
.
Howe
longe
shall
we
be
subiecte
to
the
commaundement
of
other
,
sythe
wee
haue
bydden
the
brunt
and
ouercumme
th
enterprise
for
the
whiche
this
newe
gouernour
was
sent
with
so
great
a
multitude
?
Who
can
any
longer
abyde
his
pryde
and
insolentie
?
Lette
vs
therefore
folowe
these
coastes
whyther
so
euer
fortune
shall
dryue
vs
:
And
amonge
these
so
many
pleasaunt
and
fruteful
prouinces
of
this
large
lande
,
let
vs
chose
one
in
the
whiche
wee
maye
with
libertie
spende
that
portion
of
owre
lyues
which
yet
remayneth
.
Who
can
fynde
vs
,
or
shal
be
able
to
profer
vs
vyolence
?
When
these
or
the
lyke
woordes
were
declared
to
Petrus
Arias
,
he
sente
to
the
Southe
partes
for
Vaschus
,
wyllynge
hym
by
the
vertue
of
his
commission
to
repayre
to
him
foorth
with
.
Vaschus
obeyed
,
and
at
his
commynge
was
caste
in
pryson
:
yet
constantly
denyinge
that
euer
he
entended
any
suche
thynge
.
Wytnesses
were
brought
ageynst
hym
,
and
his
wordes
rehearsed
from
the
begynnynge
.
Uaschus
is
put
to
death
.
To
conclude
,
he
was
iudged
woorthy
death
,
and
was
put
to
execution
.
And
this
is
the
rewarde
wherwith
the
blynde
goddesse
oftentymes
recompenseth
such
as
haue
susteyned
great
trauayles
and
daungiours
to
bee
hyghly
in
her
fauoure
.
Petrus
Arias
leauynge
his
wyfe
in
Dariena
,
Petrus
Arias
.
embarked
hym selfe
in
the
shippes
left
of
Vaschus
,
to
th
intent
to
searche
those
coastes
.
But
whether
he
be
returned
or
not
,
we
haue
yet
no
certeyne
knoweleage
.
He
hath
also
his
fortune
.
Yet
is
there
an
other
gouernour
assigned
,
whose
name
is
Lupus
Sosa
,
Lupus
Sosa
.
the
viceroye
of
the
Ilandes
of
Canarie
.
What
stomake
Petrus
Arias
may
haue
yf
he
returne
,
let
good
men
iudge
.
There
was
nothyng
doone
vnder
hym
woorthy
glorie
.
Sume
thynke
that
he
was
at
the
begynnyng
to
slacke
and
negligent
in
his
office
,
and
not
seuere
in
correctynge
errours
and
misorders
.
But
we
wyll
leaue
him
and
rehearse
sumwhat
wherof
we
haue
byn
lately
informed
as
touchynge
the
great
and
diepe
ryuer
of
Dabaiba
,
The
great
ryuer
of
Dabaiba
or
Grandis
the
whiche
for
the
greatnes
and
largenes
therof
,
owre
men
named
Grandis
,
that
is
,
great
,
as
we
haue
noted
in
owre
Decades
.
This
riuer
fauleth
into
the
furthest
corner
of
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
by
seuen
portes
or
mowthes
as
dooth
the
ryuer
of
Nilus
into
the
Egyptian
sea
,
The
goulfe
of
Uraba
.
whose
large
description
yowe
may
also
reade
in
owre
Decades
.
That
the
mountaynes
on
euery
syde
about
this
ryuer
,
The
ryche
mountaynes
of
Dabaiba
.
are
rych
in
golde
,
we
haue
learned
by
th
information
of
th
inhabitauntes
,
of
whom
we
made
diligent
inquisition
.
Vaschus
,
and
besyde
hym
other
gouernoures
and
Lieu●tenauntes
,
haue
fouretymes
entered
into
this
ryuer
with
theyr
armyes
in
battayle
array
,
and
with
dyuers
kyndes
of
shippes
fyrste
for
the
space
of
fortie
myles
,
then
fyftie
,
and
at
the
last
fourescore
,
at
an
other
tyme
also
ouerthwarte
the
ryuer
.
Oh
shamefull
chaunce
and
detestable
couwardenes
of
owre
men
.
Fierce
&
war
lyke
people
.
A
naked
nation
encounterynge
with
them
that
had
apparell
,
the
armed
ageynste
the
vnarmed
,
had
the
ouerthrowe
in
maner
in
all
conflictes
,
and
were
other
all
slayne
or
wounded
.
They
vse
inuenemed
arrowes
,
and
are
suche
experte
archers
,
that
if
they
espye
any
place
of
theyr
enemie
bare
or
vnarmed
,
they
wyll
not
lyghtly
fayle
to
stryke
him
there
They
vse
also
many
dartes
,
Dartes
.
which
in
the
tyme
of
the
battayle
they
hurle
so
thicke
a
farre
of
,
that
they
take
the
lyght
of
the
sonne
from
theyr
enemies
as
it
were
with
a
clowde
.
They
haue
lykewise
brode
and
longe
swoordes
made
of
a
heauie
and
harde
kinde
of
woodde
,
Swoordes
of
heauie
wood
.
wherewith
they
feyght
fiercely
neare
at
hande
.
Vaschus
hym selfe
receaued
many
woundes
in
encounterynge
with
them
.
And
thus
by
reason
of
the
fiercenes
of
these
barbarians
,
the
ryuer
of
Dabaiba
is
yet
lefte
vnsearched
.
We
wil
nowe
speake
sumwhat
more
of
the
Iland
of
Hispaniola
(
which
the
Spanyardes
caule
Spagnuola
)
the
moother
and
chiefe
of
al
other
landes
or
Ilandes
wherof
we
entended
to
wryte
.
hispan●ola
Ouiedus
wryteth
that
ther
are
nowe
.v.
monasteries
.
In
it
the
Senate
is
now
restored
,
and
fyue
Iudges
assigned
to
giue
lawes
to
all
th
inhabitauntes
of
those
tractes
.
But
in
shorte
tyme
,
they
shall
cease
gatherynge
of
golde
although
there
bee
grea●e
plentie
:
by
reason
they
shall
lacke
labourers
and
myners
,
forasmuch
as
th
inhabitauntes
whose
helpe
they
vsed
herein
,
are
brought
to
a
smaule
number
,
consum●d
partly
by
warre
,
and
many
more
by
famen
that
yeare
that
they
dygged
vp
the
rootes
wherof
they
made
theyr
beste
breade
,
and
lefte
of
sowynge
theyr
grayne
of
Maizium
which
is
theyr
common
foode
,
supposinge
hereby
to
haue
dryuen
owre
men
owte
of
the
Ilande
,
who
had
vytayles
sente
them
from
Spayne
.
A
great
number
of
them
also
,
dyed
of
newe
and
straunge
diseases
which
in
the
yeare
of
Christe
a
thousande
fyue
hundreth
and
.xviii.
consumed
theym
lyke
rotton
sheepe
.
Newe
and
strange
diseases
.
And
(
to
saye
the
truth
)
owre
mens
vnsaciable
desyre
of
gold
,
so
oppressed
these
poore
wretches
with
extreme
labour
and
●oyle
,
where
as
before
they
lyued
pleasauntly
and
at
lybertie
,
gyuen
onely
to
playes
and
pastymes
as
daunsynge
,
fysshinge
,
foulynge
,
and
huntyng
of
lyttle
connies
,
that
many
of
them
peri●shed
euen
for
verye
anguy●he
of
mynde
,
the
whiche
(
with
their
vnaccustomed
labour
)
are
thynges
of
them selues
suffycient
to
engender
many
newe
diseases
.
But
the
kynge
and
the
Senate
haue
nowe
determyned
that
they
be
reduced
to
a
people
,
and
to
gyue
them selues
onely
to
increase
,
and
tyllage
of
the
gound
:
And
that
onely
such
as
are
bought
or
tak●n
owte
of
other
regions
,
bee
appointed
to
labour
in
the
golde
mynes
.
The
suger
of
hispaniola
.
But
it
shall
suffyce
to
haue
sayde
thus
muche
of
the
pestiferous
hunger
of
golde
.
Therfore
to
speake
of
other
matters
:
It
is
a
marueylous
thynge
to
consyder
howe
all
thynges
increase
and
prosper
in
this
Ilande
.
There
are
nowe
.xxviii
suger
presses
wherwith
great
plentie
of
suger
is
made
.
Suger
of
Ualeutia
.
The
canes
or
reedes
wherin
the
suger
groweth
,
are
bygger
and
hygher
then
in
any
other
place
:
And
are
as
bygge
as
a
mans
arme
in
the
brawne
,
and
higher
then
the
stature
of
a
man
,
by
the
halfe
.
This
is
more
woonderfull
,
that
where
as
in
Ualentia
in
Spaine
(
where
a
great
quantitye
of
suger
is
made
yearely
)
where
so
euer
they
applye
them selues
to
the
great
increase
therof
,
A
token
of
maruelous
fruitfulnes
.
yet
doth
euery
roote
bring
foorthe
not
paste
fyue
,
or
syxe
,
or
at
the
moste
seuen
of
those
reedes
:
wheras
in
Hisponiola
one
roote
beareth
twentie
,
and
oftentymes
thirtie
.
Foure
footed
beastes
and
cattayle
,
Cattayle
.
are
marueylously
increased
in
this
Ilande
.
And
albeit
that
the
rauenynge
hunger
of
golde
hath
hitherto
greatly
hyndered
owre
men
from
tyllage
of
the
ground
,
yet
is
there
great
plentye
of
wheate
,
wheate
.
whiche
prospereth
so
wel
that
it
yealdeth
sumtyme
a
hundreeh
foulde
:
And
this
especially
on
the
hylles
or
rydges
of
the
mountaynes
prospectynge
towarde
the
North
.
Uines
do
also
increase
here
with
no
lesse
frutefulnesse
.
Uines
.
What
shuld
I
speake
of
the
trees
that
beare
Cassia
fistula
,
Cassia
Fistula
.
brought
first
into
this
Iland
from
the
other
Ilandes
neare
vnto
the
supposed
Continent
,
as
we
haue
noted
in
owr
decades
?
There
is
nowe
suche
plentie
hereof
,
that
after
a
fewe
yeares
we
shall
haue
a
pounde
of
the
price
that
wee
paye
nowe
for
an
ounce
.
Of
the
bresyle
and
mirobalane
trees
,
Brasyle
.
Myrobalanes
with
other
innumerable
prerogatiues
and
benefites
whiche
nature
hath
plentifully
giuen
to
this
blessed
Iland
,
we
haue
spoken
suffyciently
in
owr
decades
.
Yet
haue
I
thought
good
to
repeate
part
of
the
same
,
bycause
I
think
that
the
wittes
of
many
readers
haue
diuerted
from
the
weyght
of
great
affaires
,
to
the
recordation
of
such
pleasaunt
thynges
.
And
yet
do
not
suche
thynges
as
are
sauery
,
engender
tedyousnesse
,
soo
that
a
precious
matter
bee
adourned
with
a
precious
vesture
.
FINIS
.
To
the
reader
.
ALthough
amonge
dyuers
which
haue
wrytten
of
the
Ocean
and
Weste
Indies
,
there
is
none
to
be
compared
to
Peter
Martyr
of
Angleria
,
in
declarynge
by
philosophical
discourses
the
secreate
causes
of
naturall
affectes
bothe
as
touchynge
the
lande
,
the
sea
,
the
starres
,
and
other
straunge
woorkes
of
nature
,
yet
forasmuche
as
of
later
dayes
those
countreys
haue
byn
better
knowen
and
searched
,
and
dyuers
suche
particular
and
notable
thynges
founde
as
are
conteyned
in
the
hystories
of
later
wryters
,
emonge
the
number
of
whom
,
Gonzalus
Ferdinandus
Ouiedus
,
(
whom
lerned
Cardanus
compareth
to
the
ancient
writers
)
is
doubtles
the
chiefe
,
I
haue
therfore
thought
good
to
ioyne
to
the
Decades
of
Peter
Martyr
certeyne
notable
thynges
which
I
haue
gathered
owte
of
his
booke
intiteled
the
Summarie
or
abbrigement
of
his
generall
hystorie
of
the
west
Indies
wrytten
in
th●
firme
lande
of
the
same
in
the
citie
of
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
in
Dariena
(
where
he
dwelte
and
was
gouernoure
many
yeares
)
And
dedicated
to
Themperous
maiestie
,
as
maye
appeare
by
the
epystell
folowynge
.
¶
To
the
most
hygh
and
myghtie
prince
Charles
the
fyfte
of
that
name
:
Emperour
of
Rome
,
Kynge
of
Spayne
,
and
of
the
twoo
Sicilies
,
of
bothe
the
sydes
of
the
streyght
of
Faro
,
Kynge
of
Hierusalem
and
Hungarie
,
Duke
of
Burgonie
and
Earle
of
Flaunders
,
Lorde
and
inheritoure
of
the
firme
lande
and
Ilandes
of
the
Weste
Ocean
.
&c.
Gonzalus
Ferdinandus
Ouiedus
his
most
humble
seruant
wysheth
health
and
perpetual
felicitie
.
THe
thynges
whiche
principally
preserue
and
mayntayne
the
woorkes
of
nature
in
the
memories
of
men
,
are
hystories
and
bookes
composed
of
the
same
.
Amonge
the
whiche
certes
those
are
esteemed
moste
trewe
and
autentyke
which
haue
byn
wrytten
by
wyttie
and
expert
men
well
trauayled
in
the
worlde
,
as
faythfull
wytnesses
of
suche
thynges
as
they
haue
partely
seene
and
byn
partely
informed
by
credible
persons
.
Of
this
mynde
and
opinion
was
Plinie
,
who
better
then
any
other
autoure
hathe
wrytten
in
xxxvii
.
bookes
al
that
perteyneth
to
the
naturall
historie
,
conteyned
al
in
one
volume
dedicated
to
Uespasian
Th
emperour
.
Wherein
,
as
a
prudente
historiographer
,
he
declareth
suche
thynges
as
he
had
harde
:
Attributynge
the
seconde
autoritie
to
suche
as
he
had
redde
in
autoures
that
wrote
before
hym
:
And
thyrdely
ioyned
to
the
same
hystorie
,
such
thynges
as
he
hym selfe
had
seene
as
moste
certeyne
testimonie
.
Whose
exemple
I
folowynge
,
wyl
in
this
my
breefe
summarie
reduce
and
represent
to
yowr
maiesties
memorie
such
thynges
as
I
haue
seene
in
yowre
Empyre
of
the
West
Indies
aswell
in
the
Ilandes
as
in
the
firme
lande
of
the
Ocean
sea
,
where
I
haue
serued
nowe
more
then
twelue
yeares
in
the
place
of
suruoyer
of
the
golde
mynes
by
the
commaundemente
of
the
Catholyke
kynge
Don
Fernando
the
fyfte
of
that
name
and
graundfather
vnto
yowre
maiestie
,
to
whom
god
gaue
great
fame
and
glorie
.
Sense
whose
death
also
I
haue
lykewies
serued
and
trust
whyle
the
rest
of
my
lyfe
yet
remayneth
,
to
serue
yowre
maiestie
as
shall
please
yowe
to
commaunde
.
As
touchynge
which
thinges
and
such
other
lyke
,
I
haue
more
largely
written
in
a
hystorie
begunne
as
sone
as
my
age
was
rype
to
take
suche
matters
in
hande
.
Wherein
furthermore
I
haue
made
mention
of
suche
thynges
as
haue
chaunced
in
Spaine
,
from
the
yeare
.1494
.
vnto
this
tyme
.
Addynge
also
thereunto
suche
thynges
woorthy
memorie
as
I
haue
obserued
in
other
realmes
and
prouinces
where
I
haue
trauayled
.
And
haue
likewise
particulerly
wrytten
the
lyues
and
woorthy
actes
of
the
catholyke
Princes
of
famous
memorie
Don
Ferdinando
and
lady
Elizabeth
his
wyfe
to
theyr
last
dayes
.
After
whose
fruition
of
heauenly
Paradyse
,
I
haue
noted
suche
thynges
as
haue
chaunced
in
yowre
most
fortunate
succession
.
Not
omittynge
particularly
to
wryte
a
large
booke
of
such
thynges
as
haue
seemed
moste
woorthy
to
bee
noted
as
touchynge
yowre
maiesties
Indies
.
But
for
asmuche
as
that
volume
remaineth
in
the
citie
of
San.
Dominico
in
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
where
I
dwell
and
am
placed
in
housholde
with
wyfe
,
chyldren
,
and
famelie
,
I
haue
brought
no
more
with
me
of
that
my
writynge
then
I
beare
in
memorie
.
Determynynge
notwithstandynge
for
yowre
maiesties
recreation
to
make
a
breefe
rehearsall
of
certeyne
notable
thynges
wherof
I
haue
more
largely
entreated
in
my
sayde
general
historie
,
and
such
as
may
seeme
moste
woorthy
to
bee
redde
of
yowre
maiestie
.
Of
the
which
,
although
a
great
parte
haue
byn
wrytten
by
other
who
haue
also
seene
the
same
,
yet
perhappes
they
are
not
so
exactly
and
particularly
described
as
of
me
,
forasmuche
as
in
maner
all
that
trauayle
into
these
Indies
haue
greater
respecte
to
luker
and
gaynes
then
diligently
to
searche
the
woorkes
of
nature
wherunto
I
haue
byn
euer
naturally
inclyned
,
and
haue
therfore
with
all
possible
endeuour
applyed
myne
eyes
and
intelligence
to
fynde
the
same
.
And
this
presente
Summarie
shall
not
bee
contrary
or
dyuers
from
my
larger
historie
wherin
(
as
I
haue
sayde
)
I
haue
more
amplye
declared
these
thynges
:
but
shal
onely
more
breefely
expresse
th
effect
therof
vntyl
such
tyme
as
Godde
shal
restore
me
to
myne
owne
house
,
where
I
may
accomplyshe
and
fynishe
my
sayd
general
hystorie
.
Where
vnto
to
gyue
the
fyrst
principle
,
I
say
that
Don
Christopher
Colonus
(
as
it
is
well
knowen
)
beinge
the
fyrste
Admyrall
of
this
India
,
discouered
the
same
in
the
dayes
of
the
Catholyke
kynge
Don
Ferdinando
and
the
ladye
Elyzabeth
his
wyfe
,
graundfather
and
graundmother
vnto
yowre
maiestie
:
In
the
yeare
.1491
.
And
came
to
Barzalona
in
the
yeare
1492.
with
the
fyrst
Indians
and
other
shewes
and
profes
of
the
great
ryches
and
notice
of
this
west
Empire
.
The
whiche
gyfte
and
benefyte
was
suche
,
that
it
is
vnto
this
daye
,
one
of
the
greatest
that
euer
any
subiect
or
seruant
hath
done
for
his
prince
or
countrey
,
as
is
manifeste
to
the
hole
worlde
.
And
to
saye
the
trewth
,
this
shall
doubtlesse
bee
so
commodious
and
profytable
vnto
the
hole
realme
of
Spayne
,
that
I
repute
hym
no
good
Castilian
or
Spanyarde
that
doothe
not
recognise
the
same
.
And
(
as
I
haue
sayde
before
)
forasmuch
as
in
my
sayde
generall
historie
I
haue
more
largely
intreated
of
these
thynges
,
I
intend
at
this
present
only
briefely
to
rehearse
certeyne
especiall
thynges
,
the
whiche
suerly
are
verye
fewe
in
respecte
of
the
thousandes
that
myght
bee
sayde
in
this
behalfe
.
Fyrst
therfore
I
wyl
speake
sumwhat
of
the
nauigation
into
these
parties
.
Then
of
the
generation
of
the
nations
whiche
are
founde
in
the
same
,
with
their
rytes
,
customes
,
and
cerimonies
.
Also
of
beastes
,
foules
,
byrdes
,
woormes
,
fysshes
,
seas
,
ryuers
,
sprynges
,
trees
,
plantes
,
herbes
,
and
dyuers
other
thinges
which
are
engendered
boothe
on
the
lande
and
in
the
water
.
And
forasmuche
as
I
am
one
of
th
order
and
company
of
them
that
are
appointed
to
returne
into
these
regions
to
serue
yowre
maiestie
,
yf
therfore
the
thynges
conteyned
in
this
booke
shall
not
bee
distincte
in
such
order
as
I
promised
to
performe
in
my
greater
woorke
.
I
desyre
yowre
maiestie
to
haue
no
respecte
herevnto
,
but
rather
to
consyder
the
noueltie
of
suche
straunge
thynges
as
I
haue
herein
declared
,
whiche
is
the
chiefe
ende
that
moued
me
to
write
.
Protestyng
that
in
this
Summarie
I
haue
written
the
trewth
of
suche
thynges
as
coome
to
my
remembraunce
:
wherof
not
onely
I
my selfe
can
testifye
,
but
also
diuers
other
woorthy
and
credible
men
which
haue
bin
in
those
regions
,
and
are
nowe
presente
in
yowre
maiesties
courte
.
And
thus
it
shal
suffyce
to
haue
saide
thus
much
vnto
yowre
maiestie
in
maner
of
a
proheme
vnto
this
present
worke
which
I
most
humbly
desyre
yowre
maiesticas
thankfully
taccept
,
as
I
haue
written
it
faythfully
.
¶
Of
the
ordinary
nauygation
from
Spayne
to
the
Weste
Indies
.
THe
nauygation
whiche
is
commonly
made
from
Spayne
to
the
Weste
India
,
is
from
Siuile
,
where
yowre
maiestie
haue
yowre
house
of
contractation
for
those
partes
,
with
also
yowre
offycers
thervnto
perteynynge
,
of
whom
the
capitaines
take
their
passeporte
and
lycence
.
The
patrones
of
suche
shyppes
as
are
appoynted
to
these
vyages
,
imbarke
theym selues
at
san
Luca
di
Barameda
,
where
the
ryuer
Cuadalchiber
entereth
into
the
Ocean
sea
.
And
from
hense
they
folowe
their
course
toward
the
Ilandes
of
Canarie
.
Of
these
seuen
Ilandes
,
they
commonly
touche
two
,
that
is
,
eyther
Grancanaria
or
Gomera
▪
And
here
the
shyppes
are
furnysshed
with
freshe
water
,
fuell
,
cheese
,
biefe
,
and
suche
other
thynges
whiche
may
seeme
requisyte
to
be
added
to
suche
as
they
brynge
with
them
owte
of
Spayne
.
From
Spayne
to
these
Ilandes
,
is
coommonly
eyght
dayes
saylinge
,
or
lyttle
more
or
lesse
.
And
when
they
are
arryued
there
,
they
haue
sayled
two
hundereth
and
fyftie
leaques
,
whiche
make
a
thousande
myles
,
accomptyng
foure
myles
to
a
leaque
as
is
their
maner
to
recken
by
sea
.
Departynge
from
the
sayde
Ilandes
to
folowe
their
course
,
the
shippes
tary
.xxv.
dayes
,
or
a
lyttle
more
or
lesse
,
before
they
see
the
fyrste
lande
of
the
Ilandes
that
lye
before
that
whiche
they
caule
La
Spagnuola
or
Hispaniola
.
And
the
lande
that
is
commonly
fyrste
scene
,
is
one
of
these
Ilandes
whiche
they
caule
Ogni
sancti
Marigalante
(
or
Galanta
)
La
Desseada
(
otherwise
cauled
Desyderata
)
Matanino
,
Dominica
,
Guadalupe
,
San.
Christoual
,
or
summe
other
of
the
Ilandes
wherof
there
are
a
great
multitude
lyinge
aboute
these
aforesaide
.
Yet
it
sumtymes
so
chaunceth
that
the
shippes
passe
withowte
the
syght
of
any
of
the
sayde
Ilandes
,
or
any
other
that
are
within
that
course
vntyll
they
coome
to
the
Iland
of
Sancti
Iohannis
or
Hispaniola
,
or
Iamaica
,
or
Cuba
,
whiche
are
before
the
other
.
It
may
also
chaunce
that
they
ouer
passe
all
these
likewyse
,
vntyll
they
faule
vppon
the
coastes
of
the
fyrme
lande
.
But
this
chaunceth
when
the
pylote
is
not
well
practised
in
this
nauigation
or
not
perfecte
in
the
trewe
carde
.
But
makynge
this
viage
with
experte
maryners
(
wherof
there
is
nowe
great
plentie
)
one
of
the
sayde
fyrste
Ilandes
shall
euer
bee
knowen
.
And
from
the
Ilandes
of
Canarie
to
one
of
the
fyrste
of
these
,
the
distaunce
is
nyne
hundreth
leaques
by
saylynge
,
or
more
.
And
from
hense
to
the
citie
of
saynte
Dominike
which
is
in
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
,
is
a
hundreth
and
fyftie
leaques
:
So
that
from
Spayne
hitherto
,
is
a
thousand
and
three
hundreth
leaques
.
Yet
for
asmuche
as
sumtimes
the
nauigation
procedeth
not
so
directly
,
but
that
it
chaunceth
to
wander
euer
on
the
one
syde
or
on
the
other
,
wee
may
well
saye
that
they
haue
nowe
sayled
a
thousande
and
fyue
hundreth
leaques
and
more
.
And
if
the
nauigation
be
slowe
by
reason
of
summe
hynderaunce
,
it
commonly
chaunceth
to
be
fynisshed
in
.xxxv.
or
.xl.
dayes
.
And
this
happeneth
for
the
moste
parte
,
not
accomptynge
the
extremes
:
that
is
,
eyther
of
them
that
haue
slowe
passage
,
or
of
them
that
arryue
in
verye
shorte
tyme
.
For
wee
owghte
to
consyder
that
which
chaunceth
most
commonly
.
The
returne
from
those
partes
to
Spayne
,
is
not
fynysshed
without
longer
tyme
,
as
in
the
space
of
.l.
dayes
,
or
a
lyttle
more
or
lesse
.
Neuerthelesse
in
this
present
yeare
of
.1525
.
there
came
foure
shyps
from
the
Iland
of
San
Dominico
to
saint
Luca
in
Spaine
,
in
.xxv.
dayes
.
But
(
as
I
haue
sayd
)
we
ought
not
to
iudge
of
that
whiche
chaunceth
seldome
,
but
of
that
which
happeneth
most
ordinarily
.
This
nauigation
is
very
safe
and
much
vsed
,
euen
vnto
the
sayd
Ilande
.
And
from
this
to
the
firme
land
,
the
shyppes
trauerse
diuers
wayes
for
the
space
of
fiue
,
syxe
,
or
seuen
dayes
saylynge
,
or
more
,
accordyng
to
the
partes
or
coastes
whither
they
directe
their
vyages
,
forasmuche
as
the
sayde
fyrme
lande
is
verye
great
and
large
,
and
many
nauigations
and
vyages
are
directed
to
dyuers
partes
of
the
same
.
Yet
to
the
fyrme
land
whiche
is
nearest
to
this
Iland
,
and
lyeth
directly
ageynst
San
Dominico
,
the
passage
is
fynisshed
in
the
tyme
aforesayde
.
But
it
shal
be
muche
better
to
remytte
all
this
to
the
carde
of
these
nauigations
and
the
new
Cosmographie
,
of
the
whiche
no
parte
was
knowen
to
Ptolomie
or
any
other
of
the
owlde
wrytters
.
¶
Of
twoo
notable
thynges
as
touchyng
the
West
Indies
:
And
of
the
great
rychesse
brought
from
thense
into
Spayne⸫
AFter
my
vniuersall
description
of
the
historie
of
the
Indies
,
there
commeth
to
my
rememberaunce
two
thynges
chiefely
to
be
noted
as
touchynge
th
empire
of
this
West
Indies
perteynynge
to
the
dominion
of
yowre
maiestye
.
And
these
besyde
the
other
particulars
wherof
I
haue
suffyciently
spoken
,
are
to
be
consydered
as
thinges
of
great
importaunce
.
Wherof
,
the
one
is
the
shortenesse
of
the
way
&
with
what
expedition
yowr
maiesties
shyppes
maye
passe
beyonde
the
mayne
fyrme
lande
of
these
Indies
into
the
newe
Southe
sea
cauled
Mare
del
Sur
lyynge
beyond
the
same
.
And
this
to
th
intent
to
coome
to
the
Ilandes
where
the
spices
growe
,
besyde
the
other
innumerable
rychesse
of
the
kingedomes
and
signiories
whiche
confin●
with
the
sayde
sea
where
are
so
many
people
and
nations
of
dyuers
toonges
and
maners
.
The
other
thinge
,
is
to
consyder
howe
innumerable
treasures
are
entered
into
Spayne
by
these
Indies
,
aswell
that
whiche
commeth
dayly
from
thense
as
also
that
is
continually
to
bee
looked
for
,
bothe
of
golde
and
perle
&
other
marchaunties
which
are
first
brought
into
this
yowre
realme
of
Spaine
before
they
are
seene
of
other
nations
or
traded
into
other
realmes
.
Wherby
not
onely
this
yowre
realme
is
greatly
inriched
,
but
also
the
benefyte
therof
redoundeth
to
the
great
profyte
of
other
countreys
which
are
neare
thervnto
.
A
testimonye
of
this
,
are
the
double
ducades
whiche
yowre
maiestie
haue
caused
to
bee
coyned
,
and
are
disparsed
throughowte
the
hole
worlde
.
But
after
they
are
once
pa●sed
owt
of
this
yowre
realme
,
they
neuer
returne
agein
bycause
they
are
the
best
curraunt
money
of
the
world
.
And
therfore
if
after
they
haue
byn
in
the
handes
of
straungers
they
chaunce
to
be
retourned
ageyne
into
Spaine
,
they
coome
disguised
in
an
other
habite
,
and
are
diminisshed
of
the
goodnesse
of
their
golde
,
with
the
stampe
of
yowre
maiestye
chaunged
:
So
that
if
it
were
not
for
their
suche
defacynges
in
other
realmes
for
the
cause
aforesayde
,
there
shulde
not
bee
founde
so
great
quantitie
of
fyne
golde
of
the
coyne
of
any
prynce
in
the
worlde
as
of
powre
maiesties
.
And
the
cause
of
all
this
,
are
yowre
Indies
.
¶
Of
the
mynes
of
golde
,
and
the
maner
of
woorkynge
in
theym
.
THis
particular
of
the
mynes
of
gold
,
is
a
thing
greatly
to
bee
noted
:
And
I
maye
muche
better
speake
hereof
then
any
other
man
,
forasmuche
as
there
are
nowe
twelue
yeares
paste
sense
I
serued
in
the
place
of
the
surueier
of
the
meltynge
shoppes
perteynynge
to
the
golde
mynes
of
the
firme
lande
,
and
was
the
gouernour
of
the
mynes
of
the
Catholyke
kyng
Don
Ferdinando
,
after
whose
departure
from
this
lyfe
,
I
serued
longe
in
the
same
roome
in
the
name
of
yowr
maiestie
:
By
reason
wherof
,
I
haue
had
great
occasion
to
knowe
howe
golde
is
founde
and
wrought
owte
of
the
mynes
:
And
do
knowe
ryght
well
that
this
lande
is
exceadynge
ryche
:
hauynge
by
my
accompte
and
by
the
labour
of
my
Indians
and
slaues
,
gathered
and
fyned
a
great
portion
of
the
same
:
and
may
therfore
the
better
affyrme
this
by
testimonie
of
syght
.
For
I
am
well
assured
that
in
no
part
of
Cas●ilia
del
oro
,
that
is
,
golden
Castile
(
otherwise
cauled
Boragua
)
no
man
coulde
aske
me
of
the
mynes
of
golde
,
but
that
I
durste
haue
bounde
my selfe
to
haue
discouered
them
in
the
space
of
ten
leagues
of
the
countrey
where
it
shulde
haue
byn
demaunded
me
,
and
the
same
to
bee
verye
ryche
.
For
I
was
alowed
all
maner
of
charges
to
make
searche
for
the
same
.
And
although
golde
be
founde
in
maner
euery where
in
these
regions
of
golden
Castile
,
yet
owght
wee
not
in
euery
place
to
bestowe
the
trauell
,
and
charge
to
get
it
owte
,
bycause
it
is
of
lesse
quantitie
and
goodnesse
in
sum
place
then
in
sum
.
And
the
myne
or
beyne
whiche
owghte
to
be
folowed
,
ought
to
bee
in
a
place
whiche
may
stande
to
saue
muche
of
the
charges
of
the
labourers
,
and
for
the
administration
of
other
necessary
thinges
that
the
charges
may
bee
recompensed
with
gaynes
.
For
there
is
no
doubte
but
that
golde
shal
be
founde
more
or
lesse
in
euery
place
.
And
the
golde
whiche
is
founde
in
golden
Castile
,
is
verye
good
,
and
of
.xxii.
caractes
or
better
in
fynesse
.
Furthermore
,
besyde
this
great
quantitie
of
golde
whiche
I
haue
sayde
to
be
founde
in
the
mynes
,
there
is
also
from
day
to
day
found
or
otherwise
gotten
,
great
treasure
of
suche
wrought
gold
as
hath
byn
in
the
custodie
of
the
subdued
Indians
and
their
kynges
,
aswell
of
suche
as
they
haue
gyuen
for
their
fyne
and
raunsome
,
or
otherwise
as
frendes
to
the
Christians
,
besyde
that
whiche
hath
byn
vpolently
taken
from
the
rebelles
.
But
the
greatest
parte
of
the
wrought
gold
whiche
the
Indians
haue
,
is
base
and
holdeth
sumwhat
of
copper
.
Of
this
they
make
braslettes
and
chaines
and
in
the
same
they
close
their
iewels
whiche
their
women
are
accustomed
to
weare
and
esteeme
more
then
all
the
richesse
of
the
worlde
.
The
maner
howe
golde
is
gathered
,
is
this
,
eyther
of
suche
as
is
founde
in
Za●ana
,
that
is
to
saye
in
the
plaines
and
riuers
of
the
champian
countrey
being
withowt
trees
,
whether
the
earth
be
with
gra●se
or
without
.
Or
of
suche
as
is
sumtymes
founde
on
the
land
without
the
riuers
in
places
where
trees
growe
,
so
that
to
coome
by
the
same
,
it
shal
be
requisite
to
cutte
downe
many
and
great
trees
.
But
after
whiche
so
euer
of
these
two
maners
it
be
founde
,
eyther
in
the
riuers
or
ruptures
or
breaches
of
waters
,
or
elles
in
the
earth
,
I
wyll
shewe
howe
it
is
founde
in
bothe
these
places
,
and
howe
it
is
seperate
and
pourged
.
Therfore
when
the
myne
or
veine
is
discouered
,
this
chaunceth
by
serchyng
and
prouyng
in
suche
places
as
by
certeyne
sygnes
and
tooken
do
appeare
to
skylfull
men
apte
for
the
generation
of
golde
and
to
holde
golde
.
And
when
they
haue
founde
it
,
they
folowe
the
myne
and
labour
it
,
whether
it
be
in
the
ryuer
or
in
the
plaine
as
I
haue
sayde
.
And
if
it
bee
founde
on
the
plaine
,
fyrst
they
make
the
place
verye
cleane
where
they
intende
to
dygge
.
Then
they
dygge
eyght
or
ten
foote
in
length
and
as
muche
in
breadth
:
but
they
goo
no
deeper
then
a
spanne
or
two
,
or
more
as
shall
seeme
best
to
the
maister
of
the
myne
,
dyggynge
equally
.
Then
they
wa●he
all
the
earthe
whiche
they
haue
taken
owte
of
the
sayde
space
.
And
if
herein
they
fynde
any
golde
,
they
folowe
it
.
And
if
not
,
they
dygge
a
spanne
deeper
,
and
washe
the
earth
as
they
dyd
before
.
And
if
then
also
,
they
fynde
nothynge
,
they
continue
in
dyggyng
and
wasshyng
the
earth
as
before
vntil
they
come
to
the
hard
rocke
or
stone
.
And
if
in
fyne
they
fynd
no
gold
there
,
they
folowe
no
further
to
seeke
golde
in
that
place
,
but
go
to
an
other
parte
.
And
it
is
to
be
vnderstode
,
that
when
they
haue
founde
the
myne
,
they
folowe
it
in
digginge
in
the
same
measure
in
leuell
and
deapth
vntill
they
haue
made
an
ende
of
al
the
myne
which
that
place
conteyneth
,
if
it
appere
to
be
riche
.
This
myne
ought
to
consyst
of
certen
feete
or
pases
in
length
or
breadth
accordynge
to
certeyne
orders
determined
.
And
within
that
compasse
of
earth
,
it
is
not
lawfull
for
any
other
to
dygge
for
golde
.
And
where
as
endeth
the
myne
of
hym
that
fyrste
founde
the
gold
,
immediatly
it
is
lawfull
for
any
other
man
that
wyl
,
with
a
staffe
to
assygne
hym selfe
a
place
by
the
syde
of
the
same
,
inclosynge
it
with
stakes
or
pales
as
his
owne
.
These
mynes
of
Zauana
(
that
is
such
as
are
found
in
the
playnes
)
owght
euer
to
bee
sought
neare
to
sum
ryuer
or
brooke
or
springe
of
water
,
or
dyke
,
or
standyng
poole
,
to
th
ende
that
the
golde
maye
bee
wasshed
,
for
the
whiche
purpose
they
vse
the
laboure
of
certeyne
Indians
as
they
doo
other
in
dygginge
of
the
myne
.
And
when
they
haue
dygged
owte
the
myne
,
they
fyl
certeine
traies
with
that
earth
,
whiche
other
Indians
haue
the
charge
immediatly
to
receaue
at
their
handes
,
and
to
carye
those
treyes
of
earth
to
the
water
where
it
maye
bee
wasshed
.
Yet
do
not
they
that
brynge
it
,
washe
it
,
but
delyuer
it
to
other
,
puttynge
it
owte
of
their
owne
trayes
into
theirs
which
they
haue
ready
in
their
handes
to
receaue
it
.
These
wasshers
for
the
moste
parte
,
are
the
Indian
women
,
bycause
this
woorke
is
of
lesse
paine
and
trauayle
then
any
other
.
These
women
when
they
washe
,
are
accustomed
to
sytte
by
the
waters
syde
,
with
their
legges
in
the
water
euen
vppe
to
the
knees
or
lesse
as
the
place
serueth
their
purpose
.
And
thus
holdynge
the
trays
with
earth
in
their
handes
by
the
handles
therof
,
and
puttynge
the
same
into
the
water
,
they
moue
them
rownde
aboute
after
the
maner
of
syftynge
,
with
a
certeyne
aptenesse
in
suche
sorte
that
there
entreth
no
more
water
into
the
trais
then
serueth
their
turne
:
And
with
the
selfe
same
apte
mouynge
of
their
trais
in
the
water
,
they
euer
auoyd
the
foule
water
with
the
earth
owte
of
the
one
syde
of
the
vessell
,
and
receaue
in
cleane
water
on
the
other
side
therof
.
So
that
by
this
meanes
by
little
and
lyttle
,
the
water
wassheth
the
earth
as
the
lyghter
substaunce
owte
of
the
trais
,
and
the
golde
as
the
heauier
matter
resteth
in
the
bottome
of
the
same
,
beyng
rounde
and
holowe
in
the
myddest
lyke
vnto
a
barbars
basen
.
And
when
all
the
earth
is
auoyded
,
and
the
golde
gathered
togither
in
the
bottome
of
the
traye
,
they
putte
it
aparte
,
and
returne
to
take
more
earth
,
whiche
they
washe
continually
as
●efore
.
And
thus
they
that
laboure
in
this
woorke
,
do
gather
dayly
suche
portion
of
golde
as
shal
please
god
to
graunt
to
the
patrones
of
these
Indians
and
suche
other
as
trauaile
in
the
same
.
Furthermore
,
it
is
to
bee
noted
that
for
euery
two
Indians
that
washe
,
it
is
requisite
that
two
other
serue
them
to
brynge
earthe
from
the
myne
,
and
other
twoo
to
breake
the
same
smaule
and
fylle
their
trais
therwith
.
Also
besyde
these
labourers
,
it
is
necessarye
that
there
bee
other
people
in
the
place
where
they
woorke
and
reste
in
the
nyghte
.
These
are
suche
as
make
their
breade
,
and
prouyde
for
vyttayles
and
other
necessaryes
.
So
that
to
conclude
,
there
are
in
all
,
fyue
persons
ordinarily
assigned
to
euery
traye
of
wasshers
.
There
is
an
other
maner
of
woorkyng
the
mynes
in
riuers
or
brookes
of
runnynge
waters
.
And
this
is
,
that
in
auoydynge
the
water
of
his
course
,
after
that
the
beddes
of
the
ryuers
are
drye
and
vtterlye
emptied
,
they
fynde
golde
emonge
the
breaches
,
cliftes
,
and
ryftes
of
stones
,
and
among
all
that
is
in
the
bottome
of
the
chanell
,
and
where
naturally
the
riuer
runneth
of
greatest
force
.
So
that
it
chaunceth
sum
tyme
,
that
when
the
bedde
of
the
ryuer
is
good
and
ryche
,
they
fynde
in
it
great
quantitie
of
golde
.
And
therfore
yowe
maiestie
ought
to
vnderstande
for
a
generall
rule
,
as
it
appereth
in
facte
,
that
all
golde
is
engendered
in
the
toppes
and
hyghest
places
of
the
montaines
:
And
in
continuance
of
time
is
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
browght
downe
to
the
vales
and
plaines
by
showres
of
rayne
,
and
the
faules
of
sprynges
,
ryuers
,
and
brookes
hauynge
their
originall
in
the
mountaynes
and
descendynge
from
the
same
,
notwithstandynge
it
bee
oftentymes
founde
in
the
plaines
farre
from
the
mountaynes
.
But
when
it
chaunceth
to
be
founde
in
great
quantitie
,
it
is
for
the
moste
parte
amonge
the
mountaynes
and
in
the
riuers
,
or
their
branches
,
more
then
in
any
other
parte
of
the
plaine
.
And
in
these
two
maners
is
it
commonly
founde
moste
abundauntly
.
And
for
the
better
profe
that
golde
is
engendered
on
hyghe
,
and
is
brought
downe
into
the
lowe
places
,
I
haue
one
great
tooken
therof
whiche
causeth
me
to
beleue
it
for
certeine
.
And
this
is
to
consyder
that
coles
neuer
putrifie
nor
corrupt
vnder
the
ground
,
if
they
be
made
of
stronge
woodde
.
Wherby
it
chaunceth
that
diggyng
the
earth
by
the
fouldes
or
indented
places
of
the
mountaynes
,
or
on
the
sydes
,
and
breakynge
a
myne
in
the
earthe
where
it
had
not
byn
broken
before
,
and
hauyng
nowe
dygged
one
or
two
or
three
poles
in
measure
,
the
myners
founde
certeyne
coles
of
wood
vnde●
the
same
leuel
where
they
found
gold
.
And
this
I
saye
in
the
earth
whiche
was
taken
for
a
vyrgine
:
that
is
to
saye
,
such
as
had
not
before
byn
opened
for
any
myne
.
The
which
coles
coulde
not
naturally
bee
engendred
there
,
or
enter
in
by
any
meanes
.
But
when
the
superficial
part
of
the
earth
was
equal
with
the
leuel
where
the
coles
were
founde
,
it
is
lyke
that
the
coles
were
left
there
by
sum
occasion
of
fyre
,
&
that
they
fastned
there
in
tyme
,
and
that
afterwarde
in
longe
continuance
of
tyme
,
they
were
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
couered
with
the
earth
which
the
often
showers
of
rayne
washed
from
the
mountaynes
,
so
that
by
the
course
of
yeares
the
earth
ouergrewe
the
coles
vnto
the
sayde
leuell
and
measure
whiche
had
before
tyme
byn
the
superficiall
parte
of
the
earthe
where
the
coles
and
golde
were
founde
togyther
:
whereby
it
maye
appeare
that
the
golde
was
no
more
engendered
there
then
were
the
coles
,
but
brought
thyther
from
the
mountaynes
by
the
faules
of
waters
as
we
haue
fayde
:
forasmuche
as
the
mountaynes
are
the
matrices
and
bowels
of
all
ryche
metals
.
Further
and
besyde
this
,
I
say
that
in
how
much
more
the
gold
is
gonne
farre
from
the
naturall
place
of
his
generation
to
the
place
where
it
is
founde
,
it
is
so
muche
the
more
puryfied
and
fyned
and
of
a
better
carracte
.
And
the
nearer
that
it
is
founde
to
his
proper
myne
or
vaine
where
it
is
engendered
,
it
is
so
muche
the
baser
,
fouler
,
and
more
crude
,
and
of
a
baser
alay
and
caracte
,
and
dothe
wast
so
much
the
more
in
meltynge
,
and
remayneth
more
brickle
.
Sumetyme
there
are
founde
graynes
of
golde
of
greate
quantitie
and
of
greate
weyght
aboue
the
earth
and
sumtymes
also
vnder
the
earth
.
And
the
greateste
of
all
other
that
was
founde
to
this
daye
in
the
Indies
,
was
that
which
was
loste
in
the
sea
about
the
Ilande
Beata
,
whiche
weyed
three
thousande
and
twoo
hundreth
Castellans
of
golde
,
which
are
in
value
foure
thousand
a
hundreth
,
thirtie
and
eyght
ducades
of
golde
,
which
waye
one
Arroua
and
seuen
pounde
,
or
.xxxii.
pounde
after
.xii.
ounces
to
the
pounde
,
A
marke
,
is
●
pounde
of
viii
.
ounces
summa
.
xl●i.li
.
weyght
.viii.
ounces
,
after
xii
.
ounces
to
the
.li.
whiche
make
threescore
and
foure
markes
of
golde
.
And
I
sawe
in
the
yeare
.1515
.
in
the
handes
of
Mychel
Passamonte
treasurer
to
yowre
maiestie
,
two
graines
of
the
which
one
wayde
seuen
poundes
,
which
are
.xiiii.
markes
,
and
are
in
the
value
aboute
threescore
and
fyue
ducades
of
golde
euery
marke
.
The
other
was
of
.x.
markes
,
which
are
lyue
poundes
of
lyke
value
,
and
of
very
good
golde
of
.xxii.
taractes
and
better
.
There
are
also
founde
many
other
greate
graynes
,
although
not
equall
vnto
these
in
byggenes
.
And
forasmuche
as
I
haue
spoken
of
golde
,
I
haue
thought
good
to
declare
sumewhat
howe
the
Indians
can
very
excellently
gylte
suche
vesselles
of
copper
and
base
golde
as
they
make
.
For
they
can
gyue
them
so
fayre
and
f●oryshynge
a
coloure
,
that
all
the
masse
whiche
they
gylte
,
appearethe
as
though
it
were
golde
of
.xxii.
caractes
and
better
.
This
colour
they
gyue
with
a
certeyne
herbe
as
thoughe
it
were
wrought
by
the
arte
of
any
goldesmyth
of
Spayne
or
Italie
,
and
wold
of
them
bee
esteemed
as
a
thynge
of
greate
ryches
,
and
a
secreate
maner
of
gyldynge
.
And
for
as
muche
as
I
haue
spoken
sufficiently
of
the
myne
of
golde
,
I
wyll
nowe
speake
sumwhat
of
copper
bycause
I
haue
made
mention
thereof
.
This
metall
is
founde
in
many
of
the
Ilandes
of
the
Indies
and
also
in
the
firme
lande
:
And
is
founde
dayely
in
greate
quantitie
holdynge
sumwhat
of
golde
.
But
for
the
desyre
that
owre
men
haue
to
golde
,
they
nothynge
esteeme
the
copper
,
although
there
myght
great
commoditie
and
profi●te
he
had
therby
,
and
also
by
other
metals
whiche
they
nothynge
regarde
excepte
syluer
whiche
is
founde
abundantly
in
that
parte
of
the
firme
lande
which
is
cauled
newe
Spayne
.
But
of
this
it
shall
suffice
to
haue
sayde
thus
muche
,
bycause
I
haue
more
particularly
entreated
of
these
thynges
in
my
generall
hystorie
of
India
.
¶
Of
the
maner
of
fyshynge
for
perles
.
THe
Indians
exercise
this
kynde
of
fysshynge
for
the
moste
parte
in
the
coastes
of
the
North
in
Cubagua
and
Cumana
.
And
manye
of
theym
which
dwell
in
the
houses
of
certeyne
particular
lordes
in
the
Ilandes
of
San
Dominico
and
Sancti
Iohannis
,
resort
to
the
Ilande
of
Cubagua
for
this
purpose
.
Theyr
custome
is
to
go
fyue
,
syxe
,
or
seuen
,
or
more
in
one
of
theyr
Canoas
or
barkes
erly
in
the
mornynge
to
sume
place
in
the
sea
there
about
where
it
appeareth
vnto
them
that
there
shulde
bee
greate
plentie
of
those
shell
fyshes
(
which
sume
caule
muscles
and
sume
oysters
)
wherin
perles
are
engendered
.
And
there
they
plonge
them selues
vnder
the
water
,
euen
vnto
the
bottome
,
sauynge
one
that
remaynethe
in
the
Canoa
or
boate
which
he
keepeth
styll
in
one
place
as
neare
as
he
can
,
lookynge
for
theyr
returne
owte
of
the
water
.
And
when
one
of
them
hath
byn
a
good
whyle
vnder
the
water
,
he
cyseth
vp
and
commeth
swymmynge
to
the
boate
,
enterynge
into
the
same
,
and
leauynge
there
all
the
oysters
whiche
he
hath
taken
and
brought
with
hym
.
For
in
these
,
are
the
perles
founde
.
And
when
he
hathe
there
rested
hym selfe
a
whyle
,
and
eaten
parte
of
the
oysters
,
he
returneth
ageyne
to
the
water
,
where
he
remaynethe
as
longe
as
he
can
endure
,
and
then
ryseth
ageyne
,
and
swimmeth
to
the
boate
with
his
pray
,
where
he
restethe
hym
as
before
,
and
thus
continueth
course
by
course
,
as
doo
all
the
other
in
lyke
maner
,
being
all
moste
experte
swymmers
and
dyuers
.
And
when
the
nyght
draweth
neare
,
they
returne
to
the
Ilande
to
theyr
houses
,
and
presente
all
the
oysters
to
the
master
or
stewarde
of
the
house
of
theyr
lorde
who
hath
the
charge
of
the
sayde
Indians
.
And
when
he
hath
gyuen
them
sumwhat
to
eate
,
he
layeth
vp
the
oysters
in
safe
custodie
vntyll
he
haue
a
great
quantitie
therof
.
Then
hee
causeth
the
same
fyssher
men
to
open
them
.
And
they
fynde
in
euery
of
theym
pearles
other
great
or
smaul
,
two
or
three
or
foure
,
and
sumtymes
fiue
and
syxe
,
and
many
smaule
graines
accordyng
to
the
lyberalitie
of
nature
.
They
saue
the
pearles
bothe
smaule
and
great
whiche
they
haue
founde●
:
And
eyther
eate
the
oysters
if
they
wyl
,
or
caste
them
away
,
hauynge
so
great
quantitie
therof
that
they
in
maner
abhorre
them
.
These
oysters
are
of
hard
fleshe
,
and
not
so
plesaunt
in
eatyng
as
are
owres
of
Spayne
.
This
Ilande
of
Cubagua
where
this
maner
of
fysshing
is
exercised
,
is
in
the
Northe
coaste
,
and
is
no
bygger
then
the
Iland
of
Zelande
.
Oftentymes
the
sea
increaseth
greatly
,
and
muche
more
then
the
fyshers
for
pearles
wold
,
bycause
where
as
the
place
is
very
depe
,
a
man
can
not
naturally
rest
at
the
bottome
by
reason
of
the
aboundaunce
of
aery
substaunce
whiche
is
in
hym
,
as
I
haue
oftentymes
proued
.
For
althoughe
he
may
by
vyolence
and
force
descende
to
the
bottome
,
yet
are
his
feete
lyfted
vp
ageyne
so
that
he
can
continue
no
tyme
there
.
And
therfore
where
the
sea
is
verye
deepe
,
these
Indian
fysshers
vse
to
tye
two
great
stoones
aboute
them
with
a
corde
,
on
euery
syde
one
,
by
the
weyght
wherof
they
descend
to
the
bottome
and
remayne
there
vntyl
them
lysteth
to
ryse
ageine
:
At
which
tyme
they
vnlose
the
stones
,
and
ryse
vppe
at
their
pleasure
.
But
this
their
aptenesse
and
agilitie
in
swimming
,
is
not
the
thynge
that
causeth
men
moste
to
maruaile
:
But
rather
to
consyder
howe
many
of
them
can
stande
in
the
bottome
of
the
water
for
the
space
of
one
hole
houre
,
and
summe
more
or
lesse
,
accordynge
as
one
is
more
apte
hereunto
then
an
other
.
An other
thynge
there
is
whiche
seemeth
to
me
very
straunge
.
And
this
is
,
that
where
as
I
haue
oftentymes
demaunded
of
summe
of
these
lordes
of
the
Indians
,
if
the
place
where
they
are
accustomed
to
fy●●e
for
pearles
beynge
but
lyttle
and
narrowe
,
wyll
not
in
shorte
tyme
bee
vtterly
withowt
oysters
if
they
consume
them
so
faste
,
they
al
answered
me
,
that
althoughe
they
bee
consumed
in
one
parte
,
yet
if
they
go
a
fysshynge
in
an
other
parte
or
an
other
coaste
of
the
Ilande
,
or
at
an
other
contrary
wynd
,
and
continue
fysshing
there
also
vntyll
the
oysters
be
lykewyse
consumed
,
and
then
returne
ageyne
to
the
fyrste
place
,
or
any
other
place
where
they
fysshed
before
and
emptied
the
same
in
lyke
maner
,
they
find
them
ageine
as
ful
of
oysters
as
though
they
had
neuer
bin
fysshed
.
Of
this
reade
more
largely
in
the
decades
.
Wherby
we
may
iudge
that
these
oysters
eyther
remoue
from
one
place
to
an
other
as
do
other
fysshers
,
or
elles
that
they
are
engendered
and
encrease
in
certeyne
ordinarie
places
.
This
Iland
of
Cumana
and
Cubagua
where
they
fyshe
for
these
perles
,
is
in
the
twelfe
degree
of
the
part
of
the
said
coaste
which
incline●h
toward
the
North
.
Lykewise
pearles
are
founde
and
gathered
in
the
South
sea
cauled
Mare
del
Sur.
And
the
pearles
of
this
sea
are
verye
bygge
.
Yet
not
so
bigge
as
they
of
the
Ilande
of
pearles
cauled
de
las
perlas
,
or
Margaritea
,
whiche
the
Indians
caule
Terarequi
,
lyinge
in
the
goulfe
of
saincte
Michael
,
where
greatter
pearles
are
founde
and
of
greater
price
then
in
any
other
coaste
of
the
Northe
sea
,
in
Cumana
,
or
any
other
parte
.
I
speake
this
as
a
trewe
testimonie
of
syght
,
hauyng
byn
longe
in
that
South
sea
,
and
makynge
curious
inquisition
to
bee
certenly
informed
of
al
that
perteyneth
to
the
fysshynge
of
pearles
.
From
this
Ilande
of
Tararequi
,
By
the
computation
of
venice
.iiii.
gra●nes
make
a
carette
.
there
was
brought
a
pearle
of
the
fasshyon
of
a
peace
,
wayinge
.xxxi.
carattes
,
whiche
Petrus
Arias
had
amonge
a
thousande
and
soo
many
poundes
weight
of
other
pearles
whiche
hee
had
when
capitayne
Gaspar
Morales
(
before
Petrus
Arias
)
passed
to
the
saide
Ilande
in
the
yeare
.1515
.
whiche
pearle
was
of
great
prise
.
From
the
saide
Ilande
also
,
came
a
great
and
verye
rounde
pearle
,
whiche
I
brought
owte
of
that
sea
.
This
was
as
bygge
as
a
smaule
pellet
of
a
stone
bowe
,
and
of
the
weight
of
.xxvi.
cacattes
.
I
bought
it
in
the
citie
of
Panama
in
the
sea
of
Sur
:
And
paide
for
it
syxe
hundreth
and
fyftie
tymes
the
weyght
therof
of
good
gold
,
and
had
it
thre
yeares
in
my
custodie
:
and
after
my
returne
into
Spaine
,
soulde
it
to
th
erle
of
Nansao
Marquesse
of
Zenete
,
great
chamberleyne
to
yowre
maiestie
,
who
gaue
it
to
the
Marquesse
his
wyfe
,
the
ladye
Mentia
of
Mendozza
.
I
thyncke
verely
that
this
pearle
was
the
greatest
,
fayrest
,
and
roundest
that
hath
byn
seene
in
those
partes
.
For
yowre
maiestie
owght
to
vnderstande
that
in
the
coaste
of
the
sea
of
Sur
,
there
are
founde
a
hundreth
greate
pearles
rounde
after
the
fasshyon
of
a
peare
,
to
one
that
is
perfectely
rounde
and
greate
.
This
Ilande
of
Terarequi
,
which
the
Christians
caule
the
Ilande
of
pearles
,
&
other
caule
it
the
Ilande
of
floutes
,
is
founde
in
the
eyght
degree
on
the
southe
syde
of
the
firme
lande
in
the
prouince
of
golden
Castyle
or
Beragua
.
And
these
are
the
coastes
of
the
firme
lande
where
pearles
are
founde
euen
vnto
this
day
.
I
vnderstande
also
that
there
are
pooles
founde
in
the
prouince
and
Ilandes
of
Cartageni●
.
And
●ence
yowr
maiestie
appoynted
me
a
gouernour
and
capytayne
,
I
haue
made
further
searche
,
and
am
aduertised
that
peatles
are
founde
in
dyuers
other
places
as
about
the
Iland
of
Godego
which
lyeth
ageynst
the
mouth
of
that
porte
of
the
Ilande
of
Carta●enia
which
the
Indians
caul
Coro
.
The
which
Iland
and
porte
,
are
on
the
North
syde
in
the
tenthe
degree
of
the
coastes
of
the
firme
lande
.
¶
Of
the
familiaritie
which
certeyne
of
the
Indians
haue
with
the
deuyll
,
and
howe
they
receaue
answere
of
hym
of
thynges
to
coome
.
WHen
the
Indians
begynne
theyr
batrayle
,
or
go
to
any
combat
or
attempte
any
other
greate
matter
,
they
haue
certeyne
electe
menne
whom
they
reuerendely
esteme
and
caule
them
Tequ●nas
,
whiche
in
theyr
tonge
is
as
muche
to
saye
as
masters
.
Notwithstandynge
that
they
caule
euery
man
that
is
cunnynge
in
any
science
,
by
the
same
name
,
as
fysshers
,
foulers
,
hunters
,
or
makers
of
nettes
.
These
Tequinas
therfore
,
they
caule
the
masters
of
theyr
aun●weres
bycause
they
speake
with
Tuyra
,
that
is
th●
deuyll
,
and
brynge
them
aunswere
what
he
saythe
,
eyther
as
touchynge
suche
thynges
as
they
haue
to
doo
or
shall
chaunce
to
them
the
day
folowynge
,
or
many
dayes
to
coome
.
For
the
deuyll
beinge
so
auncient
an
Astronomer
,
knowethe
the
tymes
of
thynges
and
seeth
howe
they
are
naturally
directed
and
inclin●d
.
And
makethe
theym
beleue
that
they
come
so
to
passe
by
his
ordynaunce
,
as
though
he
were
the
lorde
and
mouer
of
all
that
is
and
shal
be
:
And
that
he
gyueth
the
day
lyght
and
●ayne
:
causeth
tempest
and
ruleth
the
stations
of
tymes
,
gyuyng
lyfe
or
takynge
awaye
lyfe
at
his
pleasure
.
By
reason
wherof
,
the
Indians
being
deceaued
of
hym
,
and
seing
also
such
effectes
to
coome
certeynely
to
passe
as
he
hath
tolde
them
before
,
beleue
hym
in
all
other
thynges
and
honoure
hym
in
many
places
with
sacrifyces
of
the
bludde
and
liues
of
men
and
odoriferous
spices
.
And
when
god
disposeth
the
contrary
to
that
whiche
the
deuell
hath
spoken
in
oracle
wherby
he
is
proued
a
lyer
,
he
causeth
the
Taquin●s
to
perswade
the
people
that
he
hath
chaunged
his
mynde
and
sentence
for
summe
of
their
synnes
,
or
deuiseth
summe
suche
lye
as
lyketh
hym
best
,
beynge
a
skylfull
maister
in
suche
subtile
and
craftie
deuises
to
deceyue
the
symple
and
ignorant
people
whiche
hath
smaule
defence
against
so
mighty
and
craftie
an
aduersarie
.
And
as
they
caule
the
deuell
Tuyra
,
so
doo
they
in
many
places
caule
the
Christians
by
the
same
name
,
thynkyng
that
they
greatly
honoure
them
therby
,
as
in
deede
it
is
a
name
very
feete
and
agreable
to
many
of
them
,
hauynge
layde
aparte
all
honestie
and
vertue
,
lyuynge
more
lyke
dragons
then
men
amonge
these
symple
people
.
Before
th
inhabitauntes
of
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
had
receaued
the
Christian
faithe
there
was
amonge
them
a
secte
of
men
whiche
liued
solytarily
in
the
desertes
and
wooddes
and
ledde
their
lyfe
in
sylence
and
abstinence
more
straightly
then
euer
dyd
the
phylosophers
of
Pythagoras
secte
,
absteinyng
in
lyke
maner
from
the
eatyng
of
al
thynges
that
liue
by
bludde
contented
onely
with
suche
fruites
,
herbes
,
and
rootes
as
the
desertes
and
wooddes
mynistred
vnto
them
to
eate
.
The
professours
of
this
secte
were
cauled
Piaces
.
They
gaue
them
selues
to
the
knowleage
of
naturall
thynges
,
and
vsed
certeine
secreate
magicall
operations
and
superstitions
wherby
they
had
familiaritie
with
spirites
whiche
they
allured
into
theyr
owne
bodyes
at
suche
tymes
as
they
wolde
take
vppon
them
to
tell
of
thynges
to
coome
,
whiche
they
dyd
in
maner
as
foloweth
.
When
any
of
the
k●nges
had
occasyon
to
caule
any
of
them
owte
of
the
desertes
for
this
purpose
,
their
custome
was
to
sende
them
a
portion
of
their
fyne
breade
of
Caxabbi
or
M●azium
,
and
with
humble
requeste
and
sute
to
desyre
them
to
tell
them
of
suche
thynges
as
they
woulde
demaunde
.
After
the
request
graunted
and
the
place
and
daye
appoynted
,
the
Plari
coometh
with
twoo
of
his
disciples
waytynge
on
hym
,
wherof
the
one
bryngeth
with
hym
a
vessell
of
a
secreate
water
,
and
the
other
a
lyttle
syluer
bell
.
When
he
coommeth
to
the
place
,
he
sytteth
downe
on
a
rounde
seate
made
for
hym
of
purpose
.
Where
hauynge
his
disciples
the
one
standynge
on
the
one
hande
and
the
other
on
the
other
euen
in
the
presence
of
the
kyng
and
certeyne
of
his
nobles
(
for
the
common
people
are
not
admytted
to
these
misteries
)
and
turnynge
his
face
toward
the
deserte
,
he
begynneth
his
inchauntment
and
cauleth
the
spirit
with
loude
voyce
by
certeyne
names
which
no
man
vnderstandeth
but
he
and
his
disciples
.
After
he
hath
dooen
thus
a
while
,
if
the
spirite
yet
deferre
his
coommyng
,
he
drynketh
of
the
sayde
water
,
and
therwith
waxeth
hotte
and
furious
,
and
inuerteth
and
turneth
his
inchauntement
,
and
letteth
hym selfe
bludde
with
a
thorne
,
marueilously
turmoylyng
hym selfe
as
wee
reade
of
the
furious
Sybilles
not
ceasynge
vntyl
the
spirite
bee
coome
:
who
at
his
coommyng
entereth
into
hym
and
ouerthroweth
hym
as
it
weare
a
grehounde
shulde
ouerturne
a
squerell
.
Then
for
a
space
,
he
seemeth
to
lye
as
thoughe
he
were
in
great
payne
or
in
a
rapte
,
wonderfully
tormentynge
hym selfe
,
durynge
whiche
agonie
,
the
other
disciple
shaketh
the
syluer
bell
contynually
.
Thus
when
the
agonie
is
paste
and
he
lyeth
quietly
(
yet
withowte
any
sence
or
feelyng
)
the
kynge
or
summe
other
in
his
steade
,
demaundeth
of
hym
what
he
desyreth
to
knowe
,
and
the
spirite
answereth
by
the
mouth
of
the
rapte
Piaces
with
a
directe
and
perfecte
answere
to
all
poyntes
.
In
so
muche
that
on
a
tyme
certeyne
Spanyardes
beynge
presente
at
these
mysteries
with
one
of
the
kinges
,
and
in
the
Spanyshe
tounge
demaundynge
the
Piaces
of
their
shyppes
whiche
they
looked
for
owte
of
Spayne
,
the
spirite
answered
in
the
Indian
toonge
,
and
toulde
them
what
daye
and
houre
the
sh●ppes
departed
from
Spayne
,
how
many
they
were
,
and
what
they
brought
withowt
faylynge
in
any
poynte
.
If
he
be
also
demaunded
of
the
eclypse
of
the
soonne
or
moone
(
which
they
greatly
feare
and
abhorre
)
he
geueth
a
perfecte
answere
,
and
the
lyke
of
tempestes
,
famen
,
plentie
,
warre
or
peace
,
and
suche
other
thinges
.
When
all
the
demaundes
are
fynysshed
,
his
disciples
caule
hym
aloude
,
rynging
the
syluer
bell
at
his
eare
and
blowynge
a
certeyne
pouder
into
his
nosethrilles
wherby
he
is
raysed
as
it
we●e
from
a
deadesscape
beinge
yet
sumewhat
heauy
headed
and
faynt
a
good
whyle
afect
.
Thus
beinge
ageyne
r●w●●●ded
of
t●●cky●ge
with
more
breade
,
he
departeth
ageyne
to
the
desert
is
with
his
disciples
.
But
sence
the
Christian
fayth
hath
byn
disparsed
throwghe
owte
the
Ilande
,
these
deuyll
〈◊〉
pr●ouses
haue
ceased
,
and
they
of
the
members
of
the
deuyll
,
are
made
the
members
of
Chryste
by
baptisme
,
forsakynge
the
deuyll
and
his
workes
,
with
the
vaine
curiositie
o●
desyre
of
knowleage
of
thynges
to
coome
,
wherof
for
the
most
part
it
is
better
to
be
ignorant
then
with
vexation
to
knowe
that
which
can
not
be
auoyded
.
Furthermore
;
in
many
places
of
the
firme
lande
,
when
any
of
the
kynges
dye
,
all
his
housholde
seruauntes
,
aswell
women
as
men
which
haue
continually
serued
hym
,
kyl
them selues
,
beleauynge
as
they
are
taught
by
the
deuyl
Tuyra
,
that
they
which
kyll
them selues
when
the
kynge
dyeth
,
go
with
hym
to
heauen
and
seene
hym
in
the
same
place
and
office
as
they
dyd
before
on
the
earth
whyle
he
lyued
.
And
that
all
that
refuse
so
to
doo
,
when
after
they
dye
by
theyr
naturall
death
or
otherwyse
,
theyr
soules
to
dye
with
theyr
bodyes
and
to
bee
dissolued
into
ayer
and
become
nothynge
us
do
the
soules
of
hogges
,
byrdes
,
or
fysshes
or
other
brute
beastes
.
And
that
only
the
other
may
enioy
the
priuileage
of
immortalitie
for
euer
to
serue
the
kynge
in
heauen
.
And
of
this
false
opinion
commeth
it
that
they
which
sowe
corne
or
set
rootes
for
the
kynges
breade
,
and
gather
the
same
,
are
accustomed
to
kyll
them selues
that
they
may
enioy
this
priuileage
in
heauen
.
And
for
the
same
purpose
,
cause
a
portion
of
the
graine
of
Maizium
and
a
bundle
of
Iucca
(
wherof
theyr
breade
is
made
)
to
bee
buryed
with
them
in
theyr
graues
that
the
same
maye
serue
them
in
heauen
if
perhappes
there
shuld
lacke
seedes
to
sowe
.
And
therfore
they
take
this
with
them
to
begyn
with
all
,
vntyl
Tuyra
(
who
maketh
them
all
these
fayre
promisses
)
prouyde
them
of
greater
quantitie
.
This
haue
I
my selfe
sene
in
the
toppe
of
the
mountaynes
of
Guaturo
,
where
hauynge
in
pryson
the
kynge
of
that
prouince
(
who
rebelled
from
th
obedience
of
yowre
maiestie
)
and
demaundynge
of
hym
to
whom
perteyned
those
sepultures
or
graues
whiche
I
sawe
in
his
hou●e
,
he
answered
that
they
were
of
certeyne
Indians
whiche
●●ewe
them selues
at
the
death
of
his
father
.
And
bycause
they
are
oftentymes
accustomed
to
burye
greate
quantities
of
wrought
golde
with
them
,
I
caused
twoo
graues
to
bee
opened
,
wherein
was
nothynge
founde
but
a
vessell
full
of
the
grayne
of
Maizium
,
and
a
bundell
of
Iucca
as
I
haue
sayde
.
And
demaundyng
the
cause
hereof
of
the
kinge
and
the
other
Indians
,
they
aunswered
that
they
that
were
buryed
there
,
were
the
labourers
of
the
grounde
,
and
men
skylful
in
sowynge
of
seedes
and
makynge
of
breade
,
and
seruauntes
to
the
kynges
father
.
And
to
th
ende
that
theyr
soules
shoulde
not
dye
with
theyr
bodyes
,
they
slewe
them selues
at
the
deathe
of
the
kynge
theyr
master
to
lyue
with
hym
in
heauen
.
And
to
th
intent
that
they
myght
seene
him
there
in
the
same
office
they
reserued
that
Maizium
and
Iucca
to
sowe
it
in
heauen
.
Wherunto
I
aunswered
them
in
this
maner
.
Beholde
howe
your
Tuyra
deceaueth
yowe
?
And
howe
all
that
he
teacheth
yow
is
false
?
Yowe
see
how
in
so
long
a
tyme
sence
they
are
deade
,
they
haue
not
yet
taken
awaye
this
Maizium
and
Iucca
which
is
nowe
putrified
and
woorth
nothynge
,
and
not
lyke
to
bee
sowen
in
heauen
.
To
this
the
kynge
replyed
,
sayinge
.
In
that
they
haue
not
taken
it
away
nor
sowen
it
in
heauen
,
the
cause
is
that
they
chaunced
to
fynde
enowgh
there
,
by
reason
wherof
they
had
no
neade
of
this
.
To
this
errour
manye
thynges
were
sayde
which
seemed
of
lyttle
force
to
remoue
hym
from
his
false
opinion
,
and
especially
any
such
as
at
that
age
are
occupyed
of
the
deuyll
,
whom
they
paynt
of
the
selfe
same
forme
and
coloure
as
he
appereth
vnto
theym
in
dyuers
shapes
and
formes
.
They
make
also
Images
of
golde
,
copper
and
woodde
,
to
the
same
similitudes
in
terrible
shapes
and
so
variable
as
the
paynters
are
accustomed
to
paynt
them
at
the
feete
of
saynte
Mychaell
th
archangell
or
in
anye
other
place
where
they
paynt
them
of
most
horrible
portiture
.
Lykewyse
when
the
deuyll
greatly
intendeth
to
feare
theym
,
he
threteneth
to
sende
them
great
tempestes
which
they
caule
Fu●acanas
or
Haurachanas
,
and
are
so
vehement
that
they
ouerthrowe
many
howses
and
great
trees
.
And
I
haue
seene
in
montaynes
full
of
many
and
greate
trees
,
th●t
for
the
space
of
three
quarters
of
a
league
the
m●untayne
hathe
byn
subuerted
and
the
trees
ouer●hrowen
and
plucked
owte
of
the
earthe
with
the
rootes
:
a
thynge
doubtelesse
so
fearefull
and
terryble
to
behold
,
that
it
may
verely
appere
to
be
doen
by
the
hand
of
the
deuyll
.
And
in
this
case
the
Christian
men
ought
to
consider
with
good
reason
,
that
in
al
places
where
the
holy
sacrament
is
reserued
,
the
sayd
tempestes
are
no
more
so
owtragious
,
or
so
perelous
as
they
were
wonte
to
bee
.
¶
Of
the
temperature
of
the
regions
vnder
or
neare
to
the
burnt
lyue
cauled
Torrida
zona
or
the
Equinoctiall
:
and
of
the
dyuers
seasons
of
the
yeare
.
THe
landes
and
regions
that
are
neare
about
the
clymes
of
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
,
are
naturally
hotte
,
althowghe
they
bee
otherwise
temperate
by
the
diuine
prouidence
.
And
therfore
suche
flesshe
or
fyshe
as
is
taken
and
kylled
in
these
regions
,
can
not
bee
preserued
from
putrefaction
except
it
be
tosted
,
sodden
,
or
perboylde
,
the
same
daye
that
it
is
kylde
.
And
wheras
I
haue
sayde
that
such
regions
are
naturally
hot
,
and
yet
temperate
by
the
prouidence
of
god
,
it
is
so
in
deede
.
And
therfore
not
without
cause
the
auncient
autours
were
of
opinion
that
the
burnte
lyne
or
Torrida
zona
where
passeth
the
lyne
of
the
Equinoctiall
,
shulde
be
vnhabitable
by
reason
the
soonne
hath
greater
dominion
in
that
place
then
in
any
other
of
the
sphere
,
remaynynge
continually
betwene
the
two
tropykes
of
Cancer
and
Capricorne
.
For
when
in
these
regions
the
earth
is
opened
or
dygged
from
the
superficial
parte
therof
to
the
depth
of
a
mans
heyght
,
it
is
founde
temperate
.
And
within
this
space
,
the
trees
and
plantes
fasten
and
spreade
their
rootes
,
and
no
dieper
.
Extendynge
the
same
as
farre
in
breadth
in
the
ground
as
do
the●r
braunches
in
the
ayer
:
And
enter
no
dieper
into
the
grounde
then
I
haue
sayde
,
bycause
that
beneth
the
depth
of
the
said
space
of
a
mans
heyght
,
the
earth
is
verye
hotte
,
the
vpp●r
parte
beinge
temperate
and
verye
moyste
aswell
by
reason
of
th
aboundaunce
of
water
whiche
fauleth
from
heauen
vppon
that
earth
at
certeyne
ordinarie
seasons
of
the
yeare
,
as
also
for
the
multitude
of
great
ryuers
,
brokes
,
sprynges
and
marysshes
,
wherby
the
myghtie
and
supreme
lorde
which
made
the●e
landes
,
hath
moste
prudently
prouyded
for
the
preseruation
of
the
same
.
R.
E.
As
touchynge
this
poynt
whiche
was
vnknowen
to
the
owlde
wryters
,
and
withowt
consideration
wherof
rea●on
can
not
perfectly
conceaue
howe
temperate
regione
shulde
be
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
.
I
haue
thought
good
for
the
better
manifestynge
of
this
●ecreate
woorke
of
nature
,
to
note
owte
of
Cardanus
his
booke
de
Elementis
,
howe
all
waters
haue
theyr
cour●e
toward
the
South
as
to
the
lowest
part
of
the
earth
.
he
wayteth
therefore
as
foloweth
.
The
water
was
made
of
lesse
quantitie
then
the
earth
and
only
in
maner
in
the
superficiall
parte
therof
,
that
place
might
bee
lefte
for
the
habitation
of
beastes
,
and
that
water
by
his
couldnesse
myght
temperate
and
not
destroy
the
lyfe
of
beastes
.
And
bicause
this
generation
of
lyuynge
creatures
,
was
only
necessary
on
the
superficiall
partes
of
the
earth
in
comparison
to
the
hole
,
therfore
was
the
water
made
to
occupie
onely
the
superficiall
parte
,
in
the
which
,
metals
,
plantes
,
beastes
,
and
fysshes
shulde
bee
nuryshed
.
And
bycause
there
was
great
perell
least
it
shulde
be
to
much
con●umed
by
the
ayer
and
heate
of
the
soonne
,
continuall
mouinge
was
ioyned
to
it
,
wherby
it
gathereth
cou●denes
and
is
preserued
from
sodeyne
resolution
.
For
suche
waters
as
doo
not
moue
▪
doo
soone
putrifie
,
and
are
easely
resolued
into
ayer
.
By
reason
wherof
nature
prouyded
for
the
generation
of
water
in
cou●de
places
,
as
vnder
the
coles
and
mountaynes
.
And
whereas
the
earth
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
shu●de
otherwi●e
for
lacke
of
moyster
haue
bin
to
much
burned
and
scorched
▪
nature
also
prouyded
that
that
parte
of
the
earth
shulde
bee
lowest
,
by
reason
wh●reof
all
waters
haue
theyr
course
towarde
the
South
to
mitigate
with
moyster
th
extremitie
of
heate
which
otherwise
shulde
haue
byn
intollerable
in
that
c●yme
.
And
by
this
reason
,
the
famous
ryuer
of
Nilus
in
Egypte
,
albeit
it
haue
his
originall
and
●prynge
,
owt
of
the
mountaynes
of
the
mone
cauled
Montes
Lunae
nere
vnto
the
cyrcle
of
Caprico●ne
,
yet
runnynge
with
all
his
braunches
vnder
and
beyonde
the
Equinoctiall
cyrcle
,
●t
di●parseth
throwgh
owt
the
burnt
line
of
Torrida
●ona
,
and
by
the
same
vyolent
course
fauleth
into
owre
sea
nere
vnto
the
citie
of
Alexandria
.
It
was
necessary
therfore
that
the
greatest
parte
of
the
coulde
and
moyst
element
shulde
haue
recourse
thyther
and
consyst
there
,
wheras
was
the
gr●atest
necessitie
therof
to
temper
the
heate
of
the
soonne
by
moystynge
and
coolyn●e
the
earthe
and
the
ayer
,
as
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
.
And
herewith
also
hath
most
prudent
nature
prouyded
for
the
securitie
and
preseruation
of
the
places
lyinge
betwene
bothe
th
extremities
of
heate
and
colde
,
as
betwene
the
poles
and
the
Equinoctiall
.
For
the
waters
flowynge
euer
one
wayes
and
k●pynge
one
course
,
no
regions
can
be
drowned
by
studdes
:
which
thynge
they
well
obserue
that
delyuer
fieldes
from
inundations
or
ou●rflowynges
,
and
that
take
in
hande
to
drye
vp
marysshes
It
therfore
waters
had
not
theyr
cour●e
and
faul
towarde
places
low●
or
declynynge
,
the
hole
casth
shulde
bee
ouerflowne
as
a
marrysshe
And
that
the
most
declynynge
parte
shulde
bee
towarde
the
South
,
and
sumwhat
hygher
about
the
poles
,
the
cause
is
aswell
the
consumynge
deare
of
the
soonne
in
the
South●
partes
,
as
the
preseruynge
coulde
of
the
hygh
mountaynes
nere
to
the
poles
.
For
we
haue
els
where
proued
that
heate
consumeth
and
wasteth
as
coulde
gathereth
and
preserueth
.
And
for
this
cause
that
parte
of
the
earthe
that
is
nearest
the
poles
,
is
,
was
,
and
euer
shal
be
highest
,
and
likewise
lowest
in
the
middest
furthest
from
the
poles
.
And
therfore
it
was
not
conuenient
that
the
sonne
shuld
●aue
his
course
on
euery
syde
,
neither
to
the
poles
.
For
if
it
weare
●●ryed
alyke
to
euery
parte
throughowt
the
worlde
,
it
is
necessary
●hat
the
earth
bee
equall
:
and
by
that
reason
shulde
it
eyther
bee
altogether
dryed
,
or
elles
all
ouerflowed
with
water
.
But
where
as
this
coulde
not
suffyce
to
the
free
course
of
ryuers
for
the
often
intercourse
of
higher
places
lyinge
in
the
waye
,
whereby
ouerflowynges
and
stayes
of
wat●rs
and
their
corruption
myght
ensue
,
mooste
prouydent
nature
hath
gyuen
this
priuileage
to
water
that
it
maye
so
much
ascende
as
it
hath
discended
:
that
by
his
meanes
passynge
ouer
mountaynes
and
hylles
,
it
maye
at
the
length
bee
caryed
into
the
sea
.
&c.
hytherto
Cardanus
,
lette
vs
nowe
returne
to
the
historie
.
There
are
also
many
roughe
and
hyghe
mountaynes
with
temperate
ayer
and
pleasaunt
,
cleare
,
and
moderate
nightes
.
Of
the
whiche
particularitie
the
auncient
writers
hauyng
no
certeyne
knowleage
,
affyrmed
the
said
burnte
lyne
or
Torrida
zona
,
or
Equinoctial
to
be
naturally
vnhabitable
.
As
touching
which
thing
I
am
able
to
witnesse
the
contrary
by
testimonie
of
syght
and
feelyng
as
by
most
certeine
senses
,
hauyng
liued
many
yeares
in
this
regions
,
by
reason
wherof
better
credit
ought
to
be
giuen
to
me
then
to
suche
as
haue
grounded
their
opinion
onely
vpon
coniectures
.
And
to
speake
further
of
the
sytuation
of
these
regyons
,
yowe
shall
vnderstande
that
the
coaste
of
the
Northe
sea
,
beynge
in
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
and
in
the
porte
of
Dariena
,
where
the
shyppes
arryue
whiche
coome
owte
of
Spayne
,
is
in
the
syxte
degree
and
a
halfe
,
and
in
the
seuenth
,
and
from
syxe
and
a
halfe
vnto
eyght
,
excepte
a
smaule
pointe
which
entereth
into
the
sea
toward
the
North
That
pointe
which
of
this
land
and
new
parte
of
the
worlde
lieth
moste
towarde
the
East
,
is
the
cape
of
saincte
Augustine
which
is
in
the
eight
degree
.
So
that
the
said
goulfe
of
Vraba
is
distant
from
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
,
from
a
hundreth
and
twentie
to
a
hundreth
and
thirtie
leaques
and
three
quarters
of
a
leaque
after
th
accompte
of
.xvii.
leaques
and
a
h●lfe
for
euerye
degree
from
pole
to
pole
.
And
thus
for
a
lyttle
more
or
lesse
,
goeth
all
the
coaste
.
By
reason
wherof
,
in
the
citie
of
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
in
Dariena
,
and
in
all
that
course
of
the
forsayde
goulfe
of
Vraba
,
at
all
tymes
of
the
yea●e
the
dayes
and
nyghtes
are
in
maner
of
equall
length
.
And
if
there
bee
any
dyfference
betwene
theym
by
reason
of
this
smaule
distance
from
the
Equinoctial
,
it
is
so
lyttle
,
that
in
.xxiiii.
houres
makynge
a
naturall
daye
,
it
canne
not
bee
perceaued
but
by
the
iudgement
of
speculatiue
men
and
suche
as
vnderstande
the
sphere
.
From
hense
the
North
starre
is
seene
very
lowe
And
when
the
starres
which
are
cauled
the
wardens
of
the
north
starre
,
are
vnder
the
chariotte
,
it
can
not
bee
seene
,
bycause
it
is
vnder
the
horisontal
.
And
whereas
I
haue
sayde
beefore
that
it
rayneth
in
these
regions
at
certeyne
ordinarie
tymes
,
it
is
so
in
deede
.
For
it
is
wynter
and
summer
there
at
contrary
tymes
to
that
whiche
is
in
Spayne
,
where
the
greateste
coulde
of
froste
and
rayne
is
in
December
and
Ianuary
:
And
the
greatest
heate
of
sommer
aboute
saynt
Iohannes
daye
at
mydsommer
or
in
the
moneth
of
Iuly
.
But
in
golden
Castile
or
Beragua
,
it
is
contrary
.
For
the
sommer
and
tyme
of
greatest
drowght
and
withowt
rayne
,
is
at
Chrystmas
and
a
moneth
before
and
a
moneth
after
.
And
the
tyme
when
it
rayneth
most
,
is
about
midsommer
and
a
moneth
before
and
a
moneth
after
.
And
this
season
whiche
they
caule
wynter
,
is
not
for
that
it
is
any
coulder
then
,
then
at
any
other
tyme
of
the
yeare
,
or
hotter
at
Christmas
then
at
other
seasons
,
the
tyme
in
these
regions
being
euer
after
one
maner
,
but
for
that
that
in
this
tyme
which
they
caule
wynter
,
the
soonne
is
hyd
from
theyr
syghtes
by
reason
of
cloudes
and
rayne
more
then
at
other
tymes
.
Yet
forasmuch
as
for
the
moste
parte
of
the
yeare
they
lyue
in
a
cleare
,
open
,
and
temperate
ayer
,
they
sumwhat
shrynke
and
feele
a
lyttle
coulde
durynge
the
tyme
of
the
said
moist
and
cloudy
ayer
,
althowgh
it
bee
not
coulde
in
deede
,
or
at
the
least
suche
coulde
as
hath
any
sensible
sharpenes
.
¶
Of
dyuers
particular
thynges
,
as
woormes
,
serpentes
,
beastes
,
foules
,
trees
,
&c.
MAny
other
thynges
myght
be
sayde
,
&
much
differyng
from
these
wherof
I
haue
spoken
.
But
to
lette
passe
the
multitude
of
thynges
whiche
are
as
variable
as
the
power
of
nature
is
infinite
,
and
to
speake
of
suche
thynges
as
coome
chiefely
to
my
rememberaunce
as
mooste
woorthy
to
be
noted
,
I
wyll
fyrste
speake
of
terteyne
lyttle
and
troubelous
beastes
whiche
may●
seeme
to
bee
engendered
of
nature
to
molest
and
vexe
menne
,
to
shewe
them
and
gyue
them
to
vnderstand
howe
smaul
and
vyle
a
thynge
may
offende
and
disquiete
them
,
to
th
ende
that
they
maye
remember
the
pryncipall
ende
for
the
whiche
they
were
created
,
that
is
,
to
knowe
theyr
maker
and
procurer
of
theyr
saluation
by
the
waye
whiche
is
open
to
all
Christian
men
and
all
other
whiche
wyll
open
the
eyes
of
theyr
vnderstandynge
.
And
although
the
thynges
whereof
wee
entende
nowe
to
speake
may
seeme
vyle
and
lyttle
to
bee
esteemed
,
yet
are
they
woorthy
to
bee
noted
and
consydered
to
vnderstand
the
difference
and
variable
woorkes
of
nature
.
So
it
is
therfore
,
that
whereas
in
many
partes
of
the
firme
lande
by
the
which
aswell
the
Christians
as
Indians
doo
trauel
,
there
are
such
marysshes
and
waters
in
the
way
that
they
are
fayne
to
go
withowt
breeches
amonge
the
herbes
and
weedes
,
by
reason
wherof
,
certeyne
smaule
beastes
or
woormes
(
which
they
caule
Garapates
)
much
lyke
vnto
tykes
,
cleaue
fast
to
theyr
legges
.
These
wormes
are
as
little
as
the
pouder
of
beaten
salt
:
And
cleaue
so
fast
that
they
can
by
no
meanes
be
taken
away
except
the
place
bee
noynted
with
oyle
.
And
after
that
the
legges
bee
noynted
awhyle
with
oyle
,
or
the
other
partes
where
these
lyttle
tykes
are
fastened
,
they
scrape
the
place
with
a
knyfe
and
so
take
them
away
.
But
the
Indi●ns
whiche
haue
no
oyle
,
smoke
them
and
burne
them
with
fyer
,
and
abyde
great
peynes
in
takynge
them
awaye
by
this
meanes
.
Of
other
lyttle
beastes
which
trouble
men
and
are
engendein
theyr
heades
or
other
p●rtes
of
theyr
bodies
,
I
saye
that
the
Christian
men
which
trauell
into
these
partes
,
haue
them
but
seldome
tymes
,
and
that
not
past
one
or
two
,
and
this
also
very
seldome
.
For
passynge
by
the
lyne
of
the
Diameter
where
the
compasse
makethe
difference
of
saylynge
by
the
wynde
cauled
Greco
,
(
that
is
North
East
)
and
Magistral
,
(
that
is
south
west
)
which
is
in
the
course
of
the
Ilandes
of
Azori
,
they
sayle
but
a
lyttle
way
folowing
owre
vyage
by
the
west
,
but
that
all
the
ly●e
which
the
Christians
cary
with
them
,
or
are
engendered
in
theyr
heades
or
other
places
of
theyr
bodies
,
dye
and
vtterly
consume
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
,
and
are
not
engendered
in
India
excepte
in
the
heades
of
lyttle
chyldren
in
those
partes
aswel
amonge
the
chyldren
of
the
Christians
which
are
borne
there
,
as
also
amonge
the
natural
Indians
who
haue
theym
commonly
in
theyr
heades
and
sumetymes
in
other
partes
of
theyr
bodyes
,
and
especially
they
of
the
prouince
of
Cueua
,
which
is
a
region
conteynynge
more
then
a
hundreth
leaques
in
length
,
and
embraseth
the
one
and
the
other
coast
of
the
North
sea
and
of
the
East
.
When
these
Indians
are
infected
with
this
fylthynesse
,
they
dresse
and
clense
one
an
other
.
And
they
that
exercise
this
,
are
for
th●
moste
parte
women
who
eate
all
that
they
take
:
And
haue
herein
such
dexteritie
by
reason
of
theyr
exercise
,
that
owre
men
can
not
lyghtly
atteyne
th●runto
.
There
is
also
another
thynge
greatly
to
bee
consydered
.
And
this
is
how
the
Christian
men
beinge
there
cleane
frome
this
fylthynes
of
India
,
aswell
in
theyr
heades
as
the
reste
of
theyr
bodyes
,
yet
when
they
returne
to
coomme
ageyne
into
Europe
and
begyn
to
arryue
in
that
place
of
the
Ocean
sea
where
wee
sayde
befor●
that
the
lyse
dyed
and
forsoke
them
,
suddenly
in
theyr
repassynge
by
the
same
clyme
(
as
thoughe
the
lyse
had
taryed
for
them
in
that
place
)
they
can
by
no
meanes
auoyde
theym
for
the
●pace
of
certeyne
dayes
although
they
change
theyr
shertes
two
or
three
tymes
in
a
day
.
These
lyse
are
at
the
fyrste
as
lyttle
as
nyttes
,
and
growe
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
vntyl
they
bee
of
the
byggenesse
that
they
are
in
Spayne
.
This
haue
I
often
tymes
proued
,
hauynge
nowe
foure
tymes
pa●●ed
the
Ocean
sea
by
this
vyage
.
Besyde
these
woormes
and
vermyn
wherof
we
haue
spoken
,
there
is
another
lyttle
mischeuous
woorme
,
whiche
we
may
number
amonge
the
kyndes
of
f●eas
,
This
pestilence
the
Indians
caul
Nigua
:
Nigua
.
And
is
much
lesse
then
a
flea
.
It
perse●h
the
fleshe
of
a
man
,
and
so
launseth
or
cutteth
the
same
(
while
in
the
meane
tyme
it
can
nother
bee
seene
nor
taken
)
that
from
sume
it
hath
cutte
of
theyr
handes
,
and
from
other
theyr
fiete
vntyll
the
remedy
was
founde
to
annoynt
the
place
with
oyle
and
scrape
it
with
a
rasoure
.
In
the
firme
lande
in
golden
Castyle
or
Beragua
,
there
are
many
vypers
lyke
vnto
them
of
Spayne
.
Uypers
,
They
that
a●e
bytten
of
them
,
dye
in
short
space
.
For
fewe
lyue
to
the
fourthe
day
except
present
remedy
.
Of
these
,
sume
are
of
a
le●●e
k●nd
then
other
:
And
haue
theyr
tayle
sumwhat
rounde
,
and
leape
in
the
ayer
to
assayle
men
.
And
for
this
cause
,
sume
caule
this
kynde
of
vypers
Tyro
.
Theyr
bytyng
is
most
venemous
,
and
for
the
moste
parte
incurable
.
One
of
theym
chaunced
to
byte
an
Indian
mayde
whiche
serued
me
in
my
house
,
to
whome
I
caused
the
surgians
to
mynister
theyr
ordinarye
cure
,
but
they
coulde
doo
her
no
good
,
nor
yet
get
one
droppe
of
bludde
owt
of
her
,
but
only
a
yelowe
water
,
so
that
shee
died
the
thyrd
day
for
lacke
of
remedy
as
the
like
hath
chaunced
to
dyuers
other
.
This
mayde
was
of
th
age
of
.xiiii.
yeares
and
spoke
the
Spanysshe
toonge
as
yf
shee
had
byn
borne
in
Castyle
.
Shee
sayde
that
the
vyper
whiche
bytte
her
on
the
foote
,
was
two
spannes
longe
or
lyttle
le●se
.
And
that
to
byte
her
shee
lepte
in
the
ayer
for
the
space
of
more
then
syxe
pases
,
as
I
haue
harde
the
lyke
of
other
credible
persons
.
I
haue
also
seene
in
the
firme
lande
,
a
kynde
of
adders
very
smaule
and
of
seuen
or
eyght
foote
longe
.
Adders
.
These
are
so
redde
that
in
the
nyght
they
appeare
lyke
burnynge
cooles
,
and
in
the
day
seeme
as
redde
as
bludde
.
These
are
also
venemous
,
but
not
so
much
as
the
vypers
.
There
are
other
much
lesse
and
shorter
and
blacker
.
These
coome
owt
of
the
ryuers
and
wander
sumtymes
farre
on
the
lande
,
and
are
lykewyse
venemous
.
There
are
also
other
adders
of
a
russet
coloure
.
These
are
sumwhat
bygger
then
the
vypers
,
and
are
hurtful
and
venemous
.
There
are
lykewyse
an
other
sorte
of
manye
coloures
and
very
longe
.
Of
these
I
sawe
one
in
the
yeare
of
Christ
1515.
in
the
Iland
of
Hispaniola
nere
vnto
the
sea
costes
at
the
foote
of
the
mountaynes
cauled
Pedernales
.
When
this
adder
was
slayne
,
I
measured
her
and
founde
her
to
be
more
then
.xx.
foote
longe
,
and
sumwhat
more
then
a
mans
fyst
in
byggenes
.
And
althoughe
she
hadde
three
or
foure
deadely
woundes
with
a
swoorde
,
yet
dyed
shee
not
nor
stoonke
the
same
daye
,
in
so
much
that
her
bludde
continued
warme
all
that
tyme
.
There
are
also
in
the
marysshes
and
desertes
of
the
firme
lande
many
other
kyndes
of
lysertes
,
dragons
,
Dragons
,
and
other
dyuers
kyndes
of
serpentes
wherof
I
entende
not
here
to
speake
much
,
bycause
I
haue
more
particulerly
entreated
of
these
thynges
in
my
generall
historie
of
the
Weste
Indyes
.
There
are
also
spiders
of
marueylous
bygnessse
.
Spyders
,
And
I
haue
seene
summe
with
the
body
and
legges
,
bygger
then
a
mannes
hande
extended
euery
waye
,
And
I
ones
sawe
one
of
suche
bygnesse
,
that
onely
her
bodye
was
as
bygge
as
a
sparowe
,
and
full
of
that
laune
wherof
they
make
their
webbes
.
This
was
of
a
darke
russette
coloure
,
with
eyes
greates
then
the
eies
of
a
sparow
.
They
are
venemous
and
of
terrible
shape
to
beholde
.
There
are
also
scorpions
and
dyuers
other
suche
venemous
wormes
.
Wherby
we
maye
see
,
that
where
as
natural
causes
and
influence
of
the
planettes
are
of
strongest
actiuitie
,
they
cease
not
to
engender
and
brynge
foorthe
bothe
good
and
badde
accordynge
to
the
disposytion
of
the
matter
,
whiche
they
also
doo
partely
dispose
as
the
phylosophers
affyrme
.
Furthermore
in
the
fyrme
lande
,
there
are
manye
toades
beyng
very
noyous
and
hurteful
by
reason
of
their
great
multitude
.
They
are
not
venemous
.
They
are
seene
in
greate
aboundance
in
Dariena
where
they
are
so
bygge
that
when
they
dye
in
the
time
of
drouth
,
the
bones
of
sum
of
them
(
and
especially
the
rybbes
)
are
of
suche
greatnesse
that
they
appere
too
bee
the
bones
of
cattes
or
of
summe
other
beastes
of
the
same
byggenesse
.
But
as
the
waters
dyminishe
and
the
moysture
●onsumeth
in
the
tyme
of
drouth
(
as
I
haue
sayde
)
they
also
consume
therwith
vntyll
the
yeare
nexte
folowing
when
the
rayne
and
moysture
increase
,
at
whiche
tyme
they
are
seene
ageyne
.
Neuerthelesse
,
at
this
present
,
there
is
no
such
quantitie
of
them
as
was
wonte
to
bee
,
by
reason
that
as
the
land
is
better
cultured
by
the
Christians
,
as
well
by
the
fellynge
of
wooddes
and
shrubb●s
as
also
by
the
pasture
of
kine
,
horses
,
and
other
beastes
,
so
is
it
apparent
that
this
poyson
diminisheth
dayly
,
wherby
that
regyon
becometh
more
holsome
and
pleasaunt
.
These
toades
synge
after
three
or
foure
sortes
.
For
summe
of
them
synge
pleasauntly
:
other
,
lyke
owres
of
Spayne
.
Summe
also
whistle
:
and
other
summe
make
an
other
maner
of
noyse
.
They
are
lykewyse
of
dyuers
colours
:
as
summe
greene
,
summe
russette
or
grey
,
and
summe
almost
blacke
.
But
of
all
sortes
,
they
are
great
,
and
fylthye
,
and
noyous
by
reason
of
their
great
multitude
:
yet
are
they
not
venemous
as
I
haue
sayde
.
There
are
also
a
straunge
kynde
of
crabbes
,
Crabbe●
.
whiche
coome
foorthe
of
certeyne
holes
of
the
earth
that
they
them selues
make
.
The
head
and
bodye
of
these
,
make
one
rounde
thing
muche
lyke
vnto
the
hoode
of
a
fawkon
:
hauynge
foure
feete
commyng
owt
of
the
one
syde
and
as
many
owt
of
the
other
.
They
haue
also
two
mouthes
like
vnto
a
paire
of
smaule
pinsers
,
the
one
bygger
then
the
other
,
wherwith
they
byte
,
but
do
no
great
hurte
bycause
they
are
not
venemous
.
Their
skyn
and
bodye
is
smoothe
and
thynne
as
is
the
skynne
of
a
man
,
sauynge
that
it
is
sumwhat
harder
.
Their
colour
is
russette
or
white
,
or
blewe
,
and
walke
sydelonge
.
They
are
very
good
to
bee
eaten
:
In
so
muche
that
the
Christians
trauayling
by
the
fyrme
lande
,
haue
byn
greatly
nurysshed
by
them
bycause
they
are
founde
in
maner
euery
where
.
In
shape
and
forme
,
they
are
muche
lyke
vnto
the
crabbe
which
we
paynte
for
the
sygne
Cancer
,
and
like
vnto
those
which
are
found
in
Spaine
in
Andalusia
in
the
ryuer
Guadalchiber
where
it
entereth
into
the
sea
,
and
in
the
sea
coastes
therabout
,
sauynge
that
these
are
of
the
water
and
the
other
of
the
lande
.
They
are
sumtymes
hurtefull
,
so
that
they
that
eate
of
them
dye
.
But
this
chaunceth
onely
when
they
haue
eaten
any
venemous
thyng
,
or
of
the
venemous
apples
wherwith
the
Canibale
archers
poyson
their
arrowes
wherof
I
wyll
speake
hereafter
.
And
for
this
cause
the
Christians
take
hede
howe
they
eate
of
these
crabbes
if
they
fynde
them
neare
vnto
the
sayd
apple
trees
.
Furthermore
in
these
Indies
,
aswell
in
the
fyrme
lande
as
in
the
Ilandes
,
there
is
founde
a
kynde
of
serpentes
,
which
they
caule
Y.
V.
anas
,
which
summe
caule
Iuannas
.
Serpentes
cauled
Iuan●i
.
These
are
terrible
and
fearefull
to
syght
,
and
yet
not
hurtefull
.
They
are
very
delicate
to
bee
eaten
,
and
it
is
not
yet
knowen
whether
they
be
beastes
of
the
lande
or
fyshes
,
bycause
they
lyue
in
the
water
,
and
wander
in
the
woddes
and
on
the
lande
.
They
haue
foure
feete
,
and
are
commonly
bigger
then
connies
and
in
summe
places
bygger
then
otters
,
with
tayles
lyke
lisartes
or
eutes
.
Their
skynne
is
spotted
,
and
of
the
same
kynd
of
smothnesse
or
barenesse
,
although
of
dyuers
colours
.
Upon
the
ridge
of
their
backes
,
they
haue
many
long
prickes
.
Theyr
teeth●
are
very
sharpe
,
and
especially
theyr
fanges
or
dogge
teeth
.
Their
throtes
are
longe
and
large
,
reachynge
from
their
bea●des
to
their
breastes
,
of
the
lyke
skynne
to
the
resydewe
of
their
bodyes
.
They
are
dumme
,
and
haue
no
voyce
or
make
any
noyse
or
crye
although
they
bee
kepte
tyde
to
the
foote
of
a
cheste
or
any
other
thynge
for
the
space
of
.xx.
or
.xxv.
dayes
withowt
any
thyng
to
eate
or
drynke
,
excepte
they
gyue
them
nowe
and
then
a
lyttle
of
the
breade
of
Cazabbi
,
or
summe
such
other
thyng
.
They
haue
foure
feete
,
and
their
fore
feete
as
longe
as
a
mans
fynger
with
clawes
lyke
the
clawes
of
a
byrde
,
but
weaker
,
and
suche
as
can
not
grasple
or
take
holde
of
any
thynge
.
They
are
muche
better
to
bee
eaten
then
to
beholde
.
For
fewe
that
see
them
,
wyll
haue
desyre
to
eate
of
them
,
by
reason
of
their
horrible
shape
excepte
suche
as
haue
byn
accustomed
to
the
beastes
of
these
regyons
,
whiche
are
more
horrible
and
fearefull
,
as
this
is
not
but
onely
in
apparence
.
Their
fleshe
is
of
much
better
tast
then
the
fleshe
of
connyes
and
more
holsome
.
For
it
hurteth
none
but
onely
such
as
haue
had
the
frenshe
poxe
.
In
so
much
that
if
they
haue
onely
byn
touched
of
that
infyrmitie
,
although
they
haue
byn
hole
of
longe
tyme
,
neuerthelesse
they
feele
hurte
and
complayne
of
the
eatynge
of
these
Iuannas
,
as
hath
byn
often
tymes
proued
by
experience
.
There
are
founde
in
the
fyrme
lande
certeyne
byrdes
so
lyttle
that
the
hole
body
of
one
of
theym
is
no
bygger
then
the
toppe
of
the
byggest
fynger
of
a
mans
hande
:
Byrdes
.
and
yet
is
the
hare
body
withowt
the
fethers
not
paste
halfe
so
bygge
.
This
byrde
,
besyde
her
lyttlenes
,
A
very
lyttle
byrde
.
is
of
such
velocitie
and
swyftnes
in
flying
that
who
so
seeth
her
sleing
in
the
ayer
,
can
not
se
her
flap
or
beate
her
winges
after
any
other
sort
then
do
the
dorres
or
humble
bees
or
betels
:
so
that
there
is
no
man
that
see●h
her
flie
,
that
wold
think
her
to
be
any
other
than
a
dorre
.
They
make
their
nestes
accordyng
to
the
proportion
of
their
b●gnes
.
And
I
haue
scene
that
one
of
these
byrdes
with
her
nest
put
in
a
paire
of
gold
weights
,
altogether
hath
ward
no
more
than
ii
.
Tomini
,
which
are
in
poise
.24
.
grams
,
with
the
fethers
w●th
out
the
which
she
shulde
haue
wayed
sumwhat
le●se
.
And
do●bt
lesse
when
I
consider
the
fynenesse
of
the
clawes
and
feete
of
these
birdes
,
I
knowe
not
whervnto
I
may
better
liken
them
then
to
the
lyttle
byrdes
whiche
the
lymmers
of
bookes
are
accustomed
to
paynte
on
the
margentes
of
churche
bookes
and
other
bookes
of
deuine
seruice
.
Their
fethers
are
of
many
faire
colours
as
golden
yelowe
and
greene
beside
other
variable
colours
.
Thei●
beake
is
verye
longe
for
the
proportion
of
theyr
bodies
:
and
as
fyne
and
subtile
as
a
sowyng
nedle
.
They
are
very
hardye
:
so
that
when
they
see
a
man
clyme
the
tree
whe●e
they
haue
theyr
nestes
,
they
●lye
at
hys
face
and
stryke
hym
in
the
eyes
,
commyng
,
goynge
,
and
retournynge
with
such
swyftnes
,
that
no
man
wolde
lightly
beleue
it
that
hath
not
seene
it
.
And
certenly
these
byrdes
are
so
lyttle
,
that
I
durst
not
haue
made
mention
hereof
if
it
were
not
that
diuers
other
which
haue
seene
them
as
wel
as
I
,
can
beare
witnes
of
my
saying
.
They
make
their
nestes
of
flockes
and
heare
of
cotten
wherof
there
is
great
plentie
in
these
regions
,
and
serueth
wel
for
theyr
purpose
.
But
as
touchyng
the
byrdes
,
foules
,
and
beastes
of
these
Indies
,
bycause
they
are
innumerable
bothe
lyttle
and
greate
,
I
intende
not
to
speake
muche
heare
,
bycause
I
haue
spoken
more
largely
hereof
in
my
generall
hystorye
of
the
Indyes
.
There
is
an
other
kynde
of
beastes
seene
in
the
firme
land
which
seemed
very
straunge
and
marueilous
to
the
Chrystian
men
to
beholde
,
Beastes
.
and
muche
differynge
from
all
other
beastes
which
haue
byn
seene
in
other
partes
of
the
worlde
.
These
beastes
are
cauled
Bardati
:
Bardati
.
And
are
foure
footed
,
hauing
their
raile
and
al
the
rest
of
theyr
bodies
couered
onely
with
a
skyn
lyke
the
coperture
of
a
barbed
horse
or
the
chekered
skynne
of
a
lysarte
or
Crocodyle
,
of
coloure
betwene
whyte
and
russet
,
inclynynge
sumwhat
more
to
whyte
.
This
beast
,
is
of
forme
and
shape
much
lyke
to
a
barbed
horse
with
his
barbes
and
flankettes
in
all
poyntes
.
And
from
vnder
that
which
is
the
barbe
and
coperture
,
the
tayle
commeth
foorth
,
and
the
feete
in
theyr
place
,
the
necke
also
and
the
eares
in
theyr
partes
,
and
in
fyne
all
thynges
in
lyke
sorte
as
in
a
barbed
courser
.
They
are
of
the
bygnes
of
one
of
these
common
dogges
.
They
are
not
hurtfull
.
They
are
fylthy
,
and
haue
theyr
habitation
in
certen
hillockes
of
earthe
where
digginge
with
there
feete
they
make
their
dens
very
deepe
&
the
holes
therof
in
like
maner
as
do
connyes
.
They
are
verye
excellent
to
be
eaten
,
and
are
taken
with
nettes
and
sum
also
killed
with
crosbowes
.
They
are
lykewise
taken
often
tymes
when
the
husband
men
burie
the
stubble
in
sowyng
time
,
or
to
renewe
the
herbage
for
kyne
and
other
beastes
.
I
haue
often
times
eaten
of
their
fleshe
which
semeth
to
me
of
better
tast
then
kyddes
fleshe
,
and
holsome
to
be
eaten
.
And
if
these
beastes
had
euer
byn
seene
in
these
partes
of
the
woorlde
where
the
first
barbed
horses
had
their
original
,
no
man
wold
iudge
but
that
the
forme
and
fasshion
of
the
coperture
of
horses
furnished
for
the
warres
was
fyrste
deuysed
by
the
syght
of
these
beastes
.
There
is
also
in
the
firme
lande
an
other
beaste
cauled
Orso
Formigaro
that
is
,
the
Ante
beare
.
Beares
.
This
beaste
in
heare
and
coloure
,
is
much
lyke
to
the
beare
of
Spayne
,
and
in
maner
of
the
same
makynge
saue
that
he
hath
a
much
longer
snowt
and
is
of
euyll
syght
.
They
are
often
tymes
taken
only
with
slaues
without
any
other
weapon
,
and
are
not
hurtful
.
They
are
also
taken
with
dogges
bycause
they
are
not
naturally
armed
althowgh
they
byte
sumwhat
.
They
are
founde
for
the
moste
parte
about
and
neare
to
the
hyllockes
where
are
great
abundaunce
of
antes
.
Antes
.
For
in
these
regions
is
engendered
a
certeyne
kynde
of
antes
very
lyttle
and
blacke
,
in
the
fyeldes
and
playnes
where
as
growe
no
trees
,
where
by
th
instinct
of
nature
these
antes
separate
them selues
to
engender
far
from
the
wooddes
for
feare
of
these
beares
:
The
whiche
bycause
they
are
fearefull
,
vyle
,
and
vnarmed
(
as
I
haue
sayde
)
they
keepe
euer
in
places
full
of
trees
vntyll
very
famen
and
necessitie
,
or
the
great
desire
that
they
haue
to
fiede
of
these
antes
,
cause
them
to
coomme
owt
of
the
wooddes
to
hunte
for
them
.
These
antes
make
a
hyllocke
of
earth
to
the
heyght
of
a
man
,
or
sumwhat
more
or
lesse
,
and
as
bygge
as
a
great
chest
,
and
sumtymes
as
bygge
as
a
butte
or
a
hogges
head
,
and
as
hard
as
a
stone
:
So
that
they
seeme
as
thoughe
they
were
stones
set
vp
to
lymytte
th
endes
and
confines
of
certeyne
landes
.
Within
these
hyllockes
made
of
most
harde
earth
,
are
innumerable
and
infinite
lyttle
antes
,
the
which
may
bee
gathered
by
busshelles
when
the
hyllocke
is
broken
.
The
which
when
it
is
sumtymes
moysted
by
rayne
and
then
dryed
ageyne
by
the
heate
of
the
soone
,
it
breaketh
and
hath
certeyne
smaul
ryftes
as
lyttle
and
subtyle
as
the
edge
of
a
knyfe
.
And
it
semeth
that
nature
hath
gyuen
sense
to
these
Antes
to
fynde
such
a
matter
of
earth
wherwith
they
may
make
the
sayde
hillocke
of
suche
hardenes
that
it
may
seeme
a
stronge
pauement
made
of
lyme
and
stone
.
And
wheras
I
haue
proued
and
caused
sum
of
them
to
bee
broken
,
I
haue
founde
theim
of
suche
hardenes
as
if
I
had
not
seene
I
coulde
not
haue
beleaued
:
In
so
muche
that
they
coulde
scarsely
bee
broken
with
pykes
of
Iren
:
So
stronge
fortresses
doo
these
lyttle
beastes
make
for
theyr
sauegarde
ageynst
theyr
aduersarie
the
beare
,
who
is
chiefely
nurysshed
by
them
,
and
gyuen
them
as
an
enemie
,
accordynge
to
the
common
prouerbe
which
sayth
,
Non
●alcun●
persona
filibera
,
a
chim●nchi
il
suo
Bargello
:
That
is
,
there
is
no
man
so
fre
that
hath
not
his
persecutour
or
pryuie
enemie
.
And
here
when
I
consyder
the
maruelous
prouidence
which
nature
hath
gyuen
to
these
lyttle
boddies
,
I
caule
to
remembraunce
the
wittie
sentence
of
Plinie
,
where
speakyng
of
such
lyttle
beastes
,
he
sayth
thus
.
Why
doo
we
maruayle
at
the
towrebearynge
shoulders
of
Elephantes
,
and
not
rather
where
nature
hathe
placed
so
many
sences
and
suche
industry
in
suche
lyttle
boddies
?
where
is
hearynge
,
smellynge
,
seeinge
,
and
feelynge
,
ye
,
where
are
the
vaynes
&
arteries
(
without
which
no
beaste
can
lyue
or
moue
)
in
these
so
lyttle
boddies
whereof
sume
are
so
smaule
that
theyr
hole
boddies
can
scarsely
be
sene
of
owr
eyes
,
what
shall
we
then
saye
of
the
partes
of
the
same
?
Yet
euen
amonge
these
are
there
many
of
such
sagacitie
and
industrye
as
the
lyke
is
not
seene
in
beastes
of
greater
quantitie
,
no
nor
yet
in
man
.
&c.
But
to
returne
to
the
hystorie
.
This
enemie
which
nature
hath
gyuen
to
these
lyttle
beastes
,
vseth
this
maner
to
assayle
them
.
When
he
resortethe
to
the
hyllocke
where
the
antes
lye
hid
as
in
theyr
fortresse
,
he
putteth
his
toonge
to
one
of
the
ryftes
wherof
we
haue
spoken
being
as
subtyle
as
the
edge
of
a
swoorde
,
and
there
with
continuall
lyckynge
,
maketh
the
place
moyst
,
the
fome
and
froth
of
his
mouth
beinge
of
such
propertie
that
by
continual
lycking
the
place
,
it
enlargeth
the
ryfte
in
such
sort
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
,
that
at
the
length
he
easely
putteth
in
his
toonge
whiche
he
hath
very
longe
and
thynne
,
and
much
disproportionate
to
his
bodye
.
And
when
he
hath
thus
made
free
passage
for
his
toonge
into
the
hyllocke
to
put
it
easely
in
and
owt
at
his
pleasure
,
then
he
thrusteth
it
into
the
hole
as
farre
as
he
can
reache
,
and
so
letteth
it
reste
a
good
space
vntyl
a
great
quantitie
of
the
antes
(
whose
nature
reioyseth
in
heate
and
moyster
)
haue
laden
his
tonge
and
as
many
as
he
can
conteyne
in
the
holownesse
therof
:
at
which
tyme
he
suddeynly
draweth
it
into
his
mouth
and
eateth
them
,
and
returneth
ageyne
to
the
same
practise
immediatly
vntyl
he
haue
eaten
as
manye
as
hym
lysteth
,
or
as
longe
as
he
can
reache
any
with
his
tonge
.
The
flesshe
of
this
beaste
,
is
fylthy
and
vnsauery
.
But
by
reason
of
th
extreme
shyftes
and
necessitie
that
the
Christian
men
were
put
to
at
theyr
fyrst
commynge
into
these
partes
,
they
were
inforced
to
proue
al
thynges
and
so
fel
to
theatyng
of
these
beastes
.
But
when
they
had
founde
more
delycate
meates
,
they
fell
into
hatred
with
this
.
These
antes
haue
th
apperaunce
of
the
place
of
theyr
enteraunce
into
the
hyllocke
,
vnder
the
grounde
.
And
this
at
so
lyttle
a
hole
that
it
could
hardely
be
founde
yf
certeyne
of
them
were
not
seene
to
passe
in
and
owt
.
But
by
this
way
the
beares
coulde
haue
no
such
poure
to
hurte
them
as
aboue
at
the
sayde
ryftes
as
I
haue
sayde
.
There
is
an
other
strange
beaste
whiche
by
a
name
of
contrary
effecte
,
A
straunge
beast
whiche
seemeth
a
kynd
of
Chameleon
.
the
Spanyardes
caule
Cagnuolo
leggiero
,
that
is
the
lyght
dogge
,
wheras
it
is
one
of
the
sloweste
beastes
in
the
worlde
,
and
so
heauy
and
dull
in
mouynge
that
it
canne
scarsely
go
fyftie
pases
in
a
hole
day
.
These
beastes
are
in
the
firme
lande
,
and
are
very
straunge
to
beholde
for
the
disproportion
that
they
haue
to
all
other
beastes
.
They
are
abowte
two
spannes
in
length
when
they
are
growne
to
theyr
full
byggenesse
.
But
when
they
are
very
younge
,
they
are
sumewhat
more
grosse
then
longe
.
They
haue
foure
subtyle
fiete
,
and
in
euery
of
them
foure
clawes
lyke
vnto
byrdes
,
and
ioyned
togyther
.
Yet
are
nother
theyr
clawes
or
theyr
fiete
able
to
susteyne
theyr
bodyes
from
the
grounde
.
By
reason
wherof
and
by
the
heauynesse
of
theyr
boddies
,
they
drawe
theyr
bellyes
on
the
grounde
.
Theyr
neckes
are
hygh
and
streyght
and
all
equall
lyke
the
pestle
of
a
morter
,
which
is
altogyther
equall
euen
vnto
the
toppe
withowt
makynge
any
proportion
or
similitude
of
a
headde
,
or
any
dyfference
excepte
in
the
noddle
.
And
in
the
toppes
of
theyr
neckes
,
they
haue
verye
rounde
faces
much
lyke
vnto
owles
:
And
haue
a
marke
of
theyr
owne
heare
after
the
maner
of
a
cyrcle
whiche
makethe
theyr
faces
seeme
sumwhat
more
longe
then
large
.
They
haue
smaule
eyes
and
rounde
:
And
nostrylles
lyke
vnto
munkeys
.
They
haue
lyttle
mouthes
,
and
moue
theyr
neckes
frome
one
syde
to
an
other
as
thoughe
they
were
astonysshed
.
Theyr
chiefe
desyre
and
delyte
is
to
cleaue
and
stycke
faste
vnto
trees
or
sume
other
thynge
whereby
they
may
clyme
alofte
.
And
therfore
for
the
moste
parte
,
these
beastes
are
founde
vppon
trees
whervnto
cleauynge
fast
,
they
mounte
vp
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
,
steyinge
them selues
by
theyr
longe
clawes
.
The
coloure
of
theyr
heare
,
is
betwene
russet
and
whyte
,
and
of
the
proper
coloure
of
the
heare
of
a
wesell
.
They
haue
no
tayles
,
and
theyr
voyce
is
much
dyfferynge
frome
other
beastes
:
for
they
synge
onely
in
the
nyght
:
And
that
continually
frome
tyme
to
tyme
syngynge
euer
syxe
notes
one
hygher
then
an
other
,
so
faulynge
with
the
same
that
the
fyrste
note
is
the
hyghest
and
the
other
in
a
baser
tewne
as
yf
a
man
shuld
say
La
,
sol
,
fa
,
mi
,
re
,
vt
.
So
this
beast
sayth
,
Ha
,
ha
,
ha
,
ha
,
ha
ha
.
And
doubtelesse
,
it
seemeth
vnto
me
,
that
as
I
haue
sayde
in
the
chapiter
of
the
beaste
cauled
Bardari
,
that
those
beastes
might
bee
th
originall
and
document
to
imbarbe
horses
,
euen
so
the
fyrste
inuenture
of
musycke
myght
seeme
by
the
hearynge
of
this
beast
to
haue
the
fyrst
principles
of
that
scyence
rather
then
by
any
other
thynge
in
the
worlde
.
But
nowe
to
returne
to
the
hystorie
:
I
say
that
in
a
shorte
space
after
this
beaste
hath
soonge
and
hath
paused
a
whyle
,
she
returneth
ageyne
to
the
selfe
same
songe
,
and
doth
this
only
in
the
nyght
and
not
in
the
day
.
By
reason
wherof
and
also
bycause
of
her
euyll
syght
,
I
thynke
her
to
bee
a
nyght
beaste
and
the
frende
of
darkenesse
.
Sumtymes
the
Christian
menne
fynde
these
beastes
and
brynge
theym
home
to
theyr
howses
,
where
also
they
creepe
all
abowte
with
theyr
naturall
slowenesse
,
in
so
much
that
nother
for
threatenynge
or
pryckynge
they
wyll
moue
any
faster
then
theyr
natural
and
accustomed
pase
.
And
yf
they
fynde
any
trees
,
they
creepe
thyther
immediatly
,
and
mounte
to
the
toppe
of
the
hyghest
braunche
thereof
,
where
they
remayne
continually
for
the
space
of
eyght
,
or
tenne
,
or
twentie
dayes
without
eatynge
of
any
thinge
as
farre
as
any
man
can
iudge
.
And
wheras
I
my selfe
haue
kepte
theym
in
my
house
,
I
coulde
neuer
perceaue
other
but
that
they
lyue
onely
of
ayer
.
And
of
the
same
opinion
are
in
maner
all
men
of
those
regions
,
bycause
they
haue
neuer
seene
them
eate
any
thynge
,
but
euer
turne
theyr
heades
and
mouthes
towarde
that
parte
where
the
wynde
b●oweth
most
:
whereby
may
bee
consydered
that
they
take
moste
pleasure
in
the
ayer
.
They
byte
not
,
nor
yet
can
byte
,
hauyng
very
lyttle
mouthes
.
They
are
not
venemous
or
noyous
any
way
:
but
altogyther
brutishe
and
vtterly
vnprofytable
and
without
commoditie
yet
knowen
to
men
,
sauynge
onely
to
moue
theyr
myndes
to
contemplate
th
infinite
poure
of
god
,
who
delyteth
in
the
varietie
of
creatures
,
wherby
appeareth
the
poure
of
his
incomprehensible
wisedome
and
maiestie
so
farre
to
excede
the
capacitie
of
mans
vnderstandynge
.
In
these
regions
there
are
likewise
found
certeyne
foules
or
byrdes
which
the
Indians
caule
Alcatraz
.
Foules
,
and
byrdes
,
Alcatraz
,
These
are
much
bygger
then
geese
.
The
greatest
parte
of
theyr
fethers
are
of
russet
coloure
,
and
in
sume
partes
yelowe
.
Theyr
bylles
or
beakes
are
of
two
spannes
in
length
and
verye
large
neare
to
the
heade
,
and
growynge
smaule
towarde
the
poynte
.
They
haue
greate
and
large
throtes
:
And
are
much
lyke
to
a
foule
which
I
sawe
in
Flaunders
in
Brusselles
in
yowre
maiesties
pallaice
which
the
Flemynges
caule
Haina
.
And
I
remember
that
when
yowr
maiestie
dyned
one
day
in
yowre
great
haule
there
was
brought
to
yowre
maiesties
presence
a
chauderne
of
water
with
certeyne
fysshes
alyue
,
which
the
sayde
foule
did
eate
vp
hole
.
And
I
thynke
verely
that
that
foule
was
a
foule
of
the
sea
bycause
shee
had
fiete
lyke
foules
of
the
water
as
haue
also
these
Alcatrazi
,
which
are
likewyse
foules
of
the
sea
:
and
of
such
greatnesse
that
I
haue
seene
a
hole
cote
of
a
man
put
into
the
throates
of
one
of
theym
in
Panama
in
the
yeare
1521.
And
forasmuch
as
in
that
coaste
of
Panama
,
Panama
.
there
passeth
and
flyeth
a
greate
multitude
of
these
Alcatrazi
beinge
a
thynge
very
notable
,
I
wyll
declare
the
maner
hereof
as
not
onely
I
,
but
also
dyuers
other
nowe
presente
in
yowre
maiesties
courte
haue
often
tymes
seene
.
Yowre
maiestie
shall
therfore
vnderstande
that
in
this
place
(
as
I
haue
sayde
before
)
the
sea
or
Sur
ryseth
and
fauleth
two
leagues
and
more
from
syxe
houres
to
syxe
houres
:
so
that
when
it
increaseth
,
the
water
of
the
sea
arryueth
so
neare
to
the
houses
of
Panama
as
doth
owre
sea
(
cauled
Mare
Mediteraneum
)
in
Barzalona
or
in
Naples
.
And
when
the
sayd
increasyng
of
the
sea
commeth
,
there
commeth
also
therwith
such
a
multitude
of
the
smaule
fysshes
cauled
sardynes
,
that
it
is
so
marueylous
a
thynge
to
beholde
,
that
no
man
wolde
beleue
it
that
hath
not
seene
it
.
In
so
much
that
the
Cacique
,
(
that
is
)
the
kynge
of
that
land
at
such
tyme
as
I
dwelt
there
,
was
bounde
dayly
as
he
was
commaunded
by
yowre
maiesties
gouernour
,
to
brynge
ordynaryly
three
canoas
or
barkes
full
of
the
sayde
sardynes
and
to
vnlade
the
same
in
the
markette
place
,
whiche
were
afterwarde
by
the
ruler
of
the
citie
diuyded
amonge
the
Christian
men
without
any
coste
or
charge
to
any
of
them
.
In
so
much
that
yf
the
people
had
bin
a
much
greater
multitude
then
they
were
,
and
as
many
as
are
at
this
presente
in
Toledo
or
more
,
and
had
none
other
thynge
to
lyue
by
,
they
myght
haue
byn
sufficiently
susteyned
by
these
sardynes
,
bysyde
th
ouerplus
which
shulde
haue
remayned
.
But
to
returne
to
the
foules
wherof
we
haue
spoken
.
As
the
sea
commeth
,
and
the
sardynes
with
the
same
,
euen
so
lykewyse
coome
the
sayde
Alcatrazzi
therwith
:
and
flye
continually
ouer
it
in
suche
a
multytude
,
that
they
appeare
to
couer
th
upper
parte
or
floure
of
the
water
.
And
thus
continue
in
mountynge
and
faulynge
from
the
ayer
to
the
water
,
and
from
the
water
to
the
ayer
durynge
all
the
tyme
of
theyr
fysshynge
.
And
as
soone
as
they
haue
taken
any
of
these
sardynes
,
they
flye
aboue
the
water
and
eate
them
incontinently
,
and
suddeynly
returne
ageyne
to
the
water
for
more
,
continuing
thus
course
by
course
with
owt
ceasynge
.
In
lyke
maner
when
the
sea
fauleth
,
they
folowe
there
fysshynge
as
I
haue
sayde
.
There
goethe
also
in
the
company
of
these
foules
,
an
other
kynde
of
foules
cauled
Coda
inforcata
,
(
that
is
)
the
forked
tayle
,
whereof
I
haue
made
mention
before
.
And
as
soone
as
the
Alcatraz
mounteth
from
the
water
with
her
pray
of
the
sardynes
,
suddeynly
this
Coda
inforcata
gyueth
her
so
many
strokes
,
and
so
persecuteth
her
,
that
shee
causeth
her
to
let
faule
the
sardynes
which
shee
hath
in
her
mouth
.
The
which
as
soone
as
they
are
faulne
,
and
before
they
yet
touch
the
water
,
the
Coda
inforcata
catcheth
them
euen
in
the
faule
,
in
suche
sorte
that
it
is
a
great
pleasure
to
beholde
the
combatte
betwene
them
all
the
daye
longe
.
The
number
of
these
Alcatrazzi
is
such
,
that
the
Chrystian
menn●
are
accustomed
to
send
to
certeyne
Ilandes
and
rockes
which
are
neare
abowte
Panama
,
with
theyr
boates
or
barkes
to
tak●
these
Alcatrazzi
whyle
they
are
yet
younge
and
can
not
flye
:
and
kyll
as
many
of
them
with
staues
as
they
wyll
,
vntyll
they
haue
therwith
laden
theyr
barkes
or
canoas
.
These
younge
ones
are
so
fatte
and
wel
fedde
that
they
can
not
bee
eaten
.
And
are
taken
for
none
other
intent
but
only
to
make
grease
for
candels
to
burne
in
the
nyght
,
for
the
whiche
purpose
it
serueth
very
well
:
and
gyueth
a
cleare
lyght
,
and
burneth
easely
.
After
this
maner
and
for
this
purpose
,
innumerable
of
them
are
kylde
.
And
yet
it
seemeth
that
the
number
of
them
that
fysshe
for
sardynes
doo
dayly
increase
There
are
other
foules
cauled
Passere
sempie
:
P●ssere
sempie
.
that
is
,
simple
sparowes
.
These
are
sumwhat
lesse
then
semewes
:
and
haue
theyr
fiete
lyke
vnto
great
malardes
:
And
stande
in
the
water
sumtymes
.
And
when
the
shyppes
sayle
fyftie
or
a
hundreth
leaques
abowte
the
Ilandes
,
these
foules
beholdynge
the
shyppes
commyng
towarde
them
,
breake
theyr
flyght
and
faule
downe
vpon
the
sayle
yardes
,
mastes
,
and
cables
therof
.
And
are
so
simple
and
folyshe
that
they
tary
vntyll
they
maye
easely
be
taken
with
mens
handes
,
and
were
therefore
cauled
of
the
maryners
simple
sparowes
.
They
are
blacke
,
and
vppon
their
blacke
,
haue
theyr
headde
and
shoulders
of
fethers
of
a
darke
russet
coloure
.
They
are
not
good
to
bee
eaten
,
althowgh
the
mariners
haue
sumtimes
bin
inforced
to
eate
them
.
There
is
an
other
kynde
of
byrdes
in
the
fyrme
lande
,
which
the
Christians
caule
Picuti
,
Picuti
.
bycause
they
haue
very
great
beakes
in
respecte
of
the
lyttlenesse
of
theyr
boddies
:
For
theyr
beakes
are
very
heauy
and
waye
more
then
theyr
hole
boddyes
bysyde
.
These
byrdes
are
no
bygger
then
quayles
,
but
haue
a
much
greater
bushement
of
fethers
,
in
so
much
that
theyr
fethers
are
more
then
theyr
boddies
.
Theyr
fethers
are
very
fayre
and
of
many
variable
coloures
.
Theyr
beakes
are
a
quarter
of
a
yarde
in
length
or
more
,
and
bendynge
downe
towarde
the
earthe
,
and
three
fyngers
brode
neare
vnto
the
heade
.
Theyr
tonges
are
very
quilles
,
wherwith
they
make
a
greate
hyssynge
.
They
make
holes
in
trees
with
theyr
beakes
,
in
the
which
they
make
theyr
nestes
.
And
surely
these
byrdes
are
maruelous
to
beholde
for
the
great
difference
whiche
they
haue
from
all
other
byrdes
that
I
haue
seene
,
aswel
for
theyr
toonges
(
which
are
quylles
as
I
haue
sayde
)
as
also
for
the
strangenesse
of
theyr
syght
and
disproportion
of
their
greate
beakes
in
respect
of
the
rest
of
theyr
boddies
.
There
are
no
byrdes
founde
that
prouyde
better
for
the
safegarde
of
theyr
younge
in
the
tyme
of
theyr
breedynge
to
bee
withowte
daunger
of
wylde
cattes
that
they
enter
not
into
theyr
nestes
to
destroye
theyr
egges
or
younge
.
And
this
aswell
by
the
straunge
maner
of
buyldyng
theyr
nestes
,
as
also
by
theyr
owne
defence
.
And
therfore
when
they
perceaue
that
the
cattes
approche
towarde
them
,
they
ente●
into
theyr
nestes
:
and
holdynge
theyr
beakes
towarde
th
enteraunce
of
the
same
,
stande
at
theyr
defence
,
and
so
vexe
the
cattes
that
they
cause
them
to
leaue
theyr
enterpryse
.
There
are
also
other
byrdes
of
sparowes
,
whiche
the
Christians
by
contrary
effect
caule
Matti
,
that
is
fooles
.
Wheras
neuerthelesse
there
is
no
byrde
that
sheweth
more
wyt
and
crafte
in
defendynge
her
younge
from
perell
.
Folysshe
sparowes
.
These
byrdes
are
lyttle
and
in
maner
blacke
,
and
sumewhat
bygger
then
owre
thrusshes
.
They
haue
certeyne
whyte
fethers
in
theyr
neckes
,
and
the
lyke
sagacitie
or
sharpenes
of
sense
as
haue
the
byrdes
or
pyes
cauled
Gazzuole
.
They
seldome
tymes
light
vppon
the
earth
.
They
make
theyr
nestes
in
trees
separated
from
other
,
bycause
the
wylde
cattes
(
cauled
Mammoni
)
are
accustomed
to
leape
frome
tree
to
tree
,
not
descendynge
to
the
grounde
for
feare
of
other
beastes
,
excepte
when
they
are
enforced
by
thyrste
to
coomme
downe
to
drynke
at
suche
tymes
as
they
are
sure
not
to
bee
molested
.
And
for
this
cause
doo
not
these
byrdes
make
theyr
nestes
but
in
trees
farre
diuyded
from
other
.
They
make
them
of
a
cubette
in
length
or
more
,
after
the
maner
of
bagges
or
lyttle
sackes
,
large
at
the
bottome
,
and
growynge
narower
and
narower
towarde
the
mouth
whereby
they
are
fastened
:
hauynge
the
hole
whereat
they
enter
into
the
sacke
,
of
such
byggenes
as
may
onely
suffice
to
re●eaue
them
.
And
to
th
ende
that
the
cattes
maye
not
deuoure
theyr
younge
yf
they
chaunce
to
mounte
vppon
the
trees
where
they
haue
theyr
nestes
,
they
vse
an
other
crafte
,
which
is
,
to
make
theyr
nestes
in
thycke
braunches
of
trees
,
and
to
defende
the
same
with
sharpe
and
stronge
thornes
implycate
and
set
in
such
order
that
no
man
is
able
to
make
the
lyke
.
So
that
the
cattes
can
by
no
meanes
put
theyr
legges
into
the
hole
of
the
neste
to
take
owte
the
younge
byrdes
,
aswell
for
the
sharpenes
of
the
thornes
as
also
for
the
depth
of
the
nestes
,
in
the
bottome
wherof
,
the
younge
birdes
rest
with
owt
daunger
of
theyr
enemie
.
For
sum
of
theyr
nestes
beynge
three
or
foure
spannes
in
lengthe
,
the
legge
of
the
catte
can
not
reache
to
the
bottome
therof
.
They
vse
also
an
other
pollicie
:
which
is
,
to
make
many
of
theyr
nestes
in
one
tree
.
The
which
they
doo
for
one
of
these
two
causes
:
that
is
,
that
eyther
of
theyr
owne
naturall
disposition
they
are
accustomed
to
go
in
great
multitudes
,
&
reioyse
in
the
company
of
theyr
owne
generation
as
do
the
byrdes
which
we
caule
stares
,
or
elles
to
th
intent
that
yf
it
shoulde
so
chaunce
that
the
cattes
shulde
clyme
the
trees
where
they
make
theyr
nestes
,
they
might
bee
a
greater
company
to
resyste
and
molest
the
cattes
,
at
whose
approch
they
make
a
feareful
and
terrible
cry
,
wherby
the
cattes
are
put
to
flyght
.
Furthermore
,
in
the
firme
land
,
and
in
the
Ilandes
,
there
are
certeyne
byrdes
cauled
Piche
or
Gazzuole
,
Gazz●ole
.
sumewhat
lyke
vnto
those
which
we
caule
woodwaules
,
or
woodpeckes
,
beinge
lesse
then
owrs
of
Spayne
.
These
are
altogither
blacke
,
and
go
hoppynge
and
leapyng
.
Theyr
beakes
are
also
blacke
and
of
the
same
fasshyon
as
are
the
popingiays
beakes
.
They
haue
longe
tayles
,
and
are
sumwhat
bygger
then
s●ares
.
There
are
other
byrdes
cauled
Pintadelli
,
Pintadelli
.
whiche
are
lyke
vnto
certeyne
greene
byrdes
whiche
the
Italyans
caule
Fringuelli
:
and
are
of
seuen
coloures
.
These
byrdes
for
feare
of
the
cattes
,
are
euer
woonte
to
make
theyr
nestes
ouer
the
bankes
of
ryuers
or
the
sea
,
where
the
braunches
of
trees
so
reache
ouer
the
water
that
with
a
lyttle
weyght
they
maye
bowe
downe
to
the
water
.
Theyr
nestes
are
made
so
neare
the
toppes
of
the
braunches
that
when
the
cattes
coome
theron
,
the
braunches
bende
towarde
the
water
,
and
the
cattes
turne
backe
ageyne
for
feare
of
faulynge
.
For
althoughe
no
beaste
in
the
worlde
bee
more
malicious
then
this
,
yet
whereas
the
moste
parte
of
beastes
are
naturally
inclyned
to
swymme
,
this
catte
hath
no
maner
of
aptenesse
thereunto
,
and
is
therefore
soone
drowned
or
strangeled
in
the
water
,
and
by
a
pryuie
sense
of
nature
feareth
the
daunger
which
he
can
not
escape
.
These
byrdes
make
theyr
nestes
in
suche
sorte
,
that
althowgh
they
bee
weete
and
fylled
with
water
,
yet
doo
they
so
suddenly
ryse
vp
ageyne
,
that
the
younge
byrdes
are
not
thereby
hurte
or
drowned
.
There
are
also
many
nyghtyngales
and
other
byrdes
whiche
synge
maruelously
with
great
melodie
and
dyfference
in
syngynge
.
These
byrdes
are
of
maruelous
dyuers
coloures
the
one
from
the
other
.
Sum
are
altogither
yelowe
,
and
sum
other
of
so
excellente
,
delectable
,
and
hyghe
a
coloure
as
it
weare
a
rubye
.
Other
are
also
of
dyuers
and
variable
coloures
:
sum
of
fewe
coloures
,
and
other
sume
all
of
one
coloure
:
beinge
all
so
fayre
and
bewtifull
,
that
in
bryghtnesse
and
shynynge
they
excell
all
that
are
seene
in
Spayne
,
or
Italy
or
other
prouinces
of
Europe
.
Many
of
these
are
taken
with
nettes
,
lyme
twygges
,
and
sprynges
of
dyuers
sortes
.
Dyuers
other
sortes
of
greate
foules
lyke
vnto
Eagles
,
Great
foules
and
suche
other
as
lyue
of
pray
,
are
founde
in
the
firme
lande
of
suche
diuersitie
,
that
it
is
in
maner
impossible
to
descrybe
them
all
particularly
.
And
forasmuche
as
I
haue
more
largely
intreated
hereof
in
my
generall
hystorie
of
the
Indies
,
I
thynke
it
not
requysite
here
to
make
anye
further
mention
of
the
same
.
¶
Of
trees
,
fruites
,
and
plantes
.
THere
is
bothe
in
the
firme
lande
and
the
Ilandes
a
certeyne
tree
cauled
Cocus
,
Cocus
.
beinge
a
kynd
of
date
trees
and
hauynge
theyr
leaues
of
the
selfe
same
greatenesse
as
haue
the
date
trees
which
beare
dates
,
but
dyffer
much
in
their
growynge
.
For
the
leanes
of
this
Cocus
grow
owte
of
the
trunkes
of
the
tree
as
doo
the
fyngers
owt
of
the
hande
,
wreathynge
them selues
one
within
an
other
and
so
spreadynge
abrode
.
These
trees
are
hygh
:
and
are
founde
in
great
plentie
in
the
coaste
of
the
sea
of
Sur
,
in
the
prouince
of
Cacique
Chiman
.
These
date
trees
brynge
furth
a
frute
after
this
sorte
.
Beinge
altogyther
vnite
as
it
groweth
on
the
tree
,
it
is
of
greater
circumference
then
the
heade
of
a
man
.
And
from
the
superficiall
parte
to
the
myddest
which
is
the
frute
,
it
is
inuolued
and
couered
with
many
webs
much
lyke
vnto
those
hyrdes
of
towe
whiche
they
vse
in
Andalusia
.
Of
this
towe
or
webbe
,
the
East
Indians
make
a
certeyne
kynde
of
clothe
of
three
or
foure
sortes
,
and
cordes
for
the
sayles
of
shyppes
.
But
in
these
Indies
of
yowr
maiestie
,
they
passe
not
for
these
cordes
or
this
clothe
that
maye
be
made
of
the
frute
of
Cocus
,
by
reason
of
the
great
plentie
that
they
haue
of
the
bombage
or
cotton
of
the
gossampine
trees
.
The
frute
which
is
in
the
myddest
of
the
sayde
towe
,
is
(
as
I
haue
sayde
)
as
bygge
as
a
mans
fyfte
,
and
sumtymes
twyse
as
bygge
and
more
.
It
is
in
forme
,
lyke
vnto
a
walnutte
,
or
sum
other
rounde
thynge
sumwhat
more
longe
then
large
,
and
very
harde
.
The
rynde
or
barke
herof
,
is
as
thycke
as
the
cyrcle
of
letters
of
a
riale
of
plate
.
And
within
,
there
cleaueth
faste
to
the
rynde
of
the
nutte
a
carnositie
or
substaunce
of
coornel
,
of
the
thyckenesse
of
halfe
a
fynger
or
of
the
least
fynger
of
the
hande
:
And
is
verye
whyte
,
lyke
vnto
a
fayre
Almonde
,
and
of
better
taste
and
more
pleasaunt
.
When
this
fruite
is
ch●wed
,
there
remayne
certeyne
crummes
as
do
the
lyke
of
almondes
.
Yet
if
it
bee
swalowed
downe
,
it
is
not
vnpleasaunt
.
For
al●howgh
that
after
the
iewse
or
moysture
bee
gonne
downe
the
throte
before
the
sayde
crummes
bee
swalowed
,
the
reste
whiche
is
eaten
seeme
sumwhat
sharpe
or
sower
,
yet
●oth
it
not
so
greatly
offende
the
taste
as
to
bee
caste
away
.
Whyle
this
Cocus
is
yet
freshe
and
newly
taken
from
the
tree
,
they
vse
not
to
eate
of
the
sayde
carnositie
and
frute
:
But
fyrste
beatynge
it
very
much
,
and
then
straynynge
it
,
they
drawe
a
mylke
thereof
,
much
better
and
sweeter
then
is
the
mylke
of
beastes
,
and
of
much
substaunce
:
The
which
the
Christian
men
of
those
regions
put
in
the
●ortes
or
cakes
which
they
make
of
the
grayne
of
Maizium
wherof
they
make
theyr
breade
,
or
in
other
breade
as
we
put
breade
in
porrage
:
So
that
by
reason
of
the
sayde
mylke
of
Cocus
,
the
cortes
are
more
excellent
to
be
eaten
w●th
owt
offence
to
the
stomake
.
They
are
so
pleasaunte
to
the
taste
,
and
leaue
it
aswell
satisfyed
as
thowghe
it
had
byn
delyted
with
many
delycate
dysshes
.
But
to
proceade
further
,
yowre
maiestie
shall
vnderstand
,
that
in
the
place
of
the
stone
or
coornell
,
there
is
in
the
myddest
of
the
sayde
carnositie
,
a
voyde
place
,
which
neuerthelesse
is
full
of
a
moste
cleare
and
excellent
water
,
in
such
quantitie
as
maye
fyll
a
greate
egge
shell
,
I
haue
seene
one
of
these
fruites
opened
the
whiche
wh●n
it
was
ho●e
,
yf
it
were
●haken
the
water
was
harde
shogge
therin
as
it
were
in
a
bottle
,
but
in
tyme
it
consumed
and
was
pa●tly
congeled
into
a
salte
substaunce
,
or
more
or
lesse
accordynge
to
the
byggenesse
of
the
Cocus
.
The
which
water
suerly
,
is
the
moste
substantial
,
excellent
and
precious
to
be
droonke
,
that
maye
bee
founde
in
the
worlde
.
In
so
much
that
in
the
momente
when
it
passeth
the
palate
of
the
mouth
and
begynneth
to
goo
downe
the
throte
it
seemethe
that
frome
the
sole
of
the
foote
to
the
crowne
of
the
headde
,
there
is
no
parte
of
the
boddye
but
that
feelethe
great
confort
therby
:
as
it
is
doutlesse
one
of
the
most
excellent
thynges
that
may
be
tast●d
vppon
the
earth
,
and
suche
as
I
am
not
able
by
wrytynge
or
toonge
to
expresse
.
And
to
proceade
yet
further
,
I
say
that
when
the
meate
of
this
frute
is
taken
from
the
vessell
therof
,
the
vessell
remayneth
as
fayre
and
nette
as
though
is
were
pullyshed
:
and
is
without
,
of
colour
inclynynge
towarde
blacke
,
and
shyneth
or
glystereth
very
fayre
.
And
is
within
of
no
lesse
dilicatenesse
.
Suche
as
haue
accustomed
to
drynke
in
these
vesselles
,
and
haue
bynne
trowbeled
with
the
disease
cauled
the
fretinge
of
the
guttes
,
say
that
they
haue
by
experience
founde
it
a
maruelous
remedie
ageynst
that
disease
:
And
that
it
breakethe
the
stone
and
prouoketh
vrine
.
This
frute
was
cauled
Cocus
for
this
cause
,
that
when
it
is
taken
from
the
place
where
it
cleaueth
faste
to
the
tree
,
there
are
seene
two
holes
,
and
aboue
them
two
other
naturall
holes
,
which
altogyther
,
doo
represent
the
giesture
and
fygure
of
the
cattes
cauled
Mammone
,
that
is
,
munkeys
,
when
they
crye
:
whiche
crye
the
Indians
caule
Coca
:
But
in
very
deede
,
this
tree
is
a
kynd
of
date
trees
:
and
hath
the
same
effecte
to
heale
fretynge
of
the
guttes
,
that
Plinie
descrybeth
all
kyndes
of
date
trees
to
haue
.
Great
trees
.
There
are
furthermore
in
the
firme
lande
,
trees
of
suche
byggenesse
that
I
dare
not
speake
therof
but
in
place
where
I
haue
so
many
wytnesses
which
haue
seene
the
same
as
wel
as
I.
I
say
therfore
,
that
a
leaque
from
Dariena
or
the
citie
of
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
,
there
passeth
a
ryuer
very
large
&
diepe
,
which
is
cauled
Cuti
:
ouer
the
which
the
Indians
had
layde
a
greate
tree
so
trauersinge
the
same
that
it
was
in
the
steade
of
a
brydge
,
the
which
I
my selfe
with
dyuers
other
that
are
at
this
present
in
yowre
maiesties
courte
,
haue
often
tymes
passed
ouer
.
And
forasmuch
as
the
sayde
tree
had
lyne
longe
there
,
and
by
the
great
weight
therof
was
so
shronke
downewarde
and
partely
couered
with
water
that
none
could
passe
ouer
it
but
were
weete
to
the
knee
,
I
being
then
in
the
yeare
1522.
th
official
of
Iustice
in
that
citie
at
yowre
maiesties
appoyntemente
,
caused
an
other
greate
tree
to
bee
layde
in
that
place
whiche
in
lyke
maner
trauersed
the
ryuer
and
reached
more
than
fyftie
foote
ouer
the
further
syde
.
This
tree
was
exceadynge
greate
,
and
rested
aboue
the
water
more
then
twoo
cubytes
.
In
the
faule
,
it
cast
downe
all
suche
other
trees
as
were
within
the
reache
therof
:
And
discouered
certeyne
vynes
whiche
were
so
laden
with
blacke
grapes
of
pleasaunte
taste
,
that
they
satisfyed
more
then
fiftie
persons
whiche
eate
theyr
fylle
therof
.
This
tree
in
the
thyckest
parte
therof
,
was
more
then
syxtene
spannes
thicke
:
And
was
neuerthelesse
but
lyttle
in
respect
of
many
other
trees
which
are
founde
in
this
prouince
.
For
the
Indians
of
the
coaste
and
prouince
of
Car●agenia
,
make
barkes
or
boates
therof
(
which
they
caule
Canoas
,
)
of
such
byggenesse
,
beinge
all
of
one
hole
tree
,
that
sume
conteyne
a
hundreth
men
,
sume
a
hundreth
and
thirtie
,
and
sume
more
,
hauynge
neuerthelesse
suche
voyde
space
within
the
same
,
that
there
is
lefte
sufficiente
roome
to
passe
to
and
fro
through
owte
all
the
Canoa
.
Sum
of
these
are
so
large
bysyde
the
length
,
that
they
conteyne
more
then
tenne
or
twelue
spannes
in
breadth
,
and
sayle
with
twoo
sayles
as
with
the
master
sayle
and
the
trinkette
which
they
make
of
verye
good
cotton
.
The
greatest
trees
that
I
haue
seene
in
these
partes
or
in
anye
other
regions
,
was
in
the
prouince
of
Guaturo
,
the
kynge
wherof
rebellynge
from
th
obedience
of
yowre
maiestie
,
was
persued
by
me
and
taken
prysoner
:
At
whiche
tyme
I
with
my
company
,
passed
ouer
a
very
hygh
mountayne
ful
of
great
trees
,
in
the
toppe
wherof
we
founde
one
tree
whiche
had
three
rootes
or
rather
diuisions
of
the
roote
aboue
the
earth
in
forme
of
a
tryangle
or
triuette
:
A
maruelo●-tree
.
so
that
betwene
euery
foote
of
this
triangle
or
three
feete
,
there
was
a
space
of
twentie
foote
betwene
euery
foote
.
And
this
of
such
heyght
aboue
the
earthe
,
that
a
laden
carte
of
those
wherewith
they
are
accustomed
to
brynge
home
corne
in
the
tyme
of
haruest
in
the
kyngedome
of
Toledo
in
Spayne
,
myght
easely
haue
passed
throwgh
euery
of
those
particions
or
wyndowes
whiche
were
betwene
the
three
feete
of
the
sayd
tree
.
From
the
earth
vpwarde
to
the
trunke
of
the
tree
,
the
open
places
of
the
dyuisions
betwene
these
three
feete
,
were
of
suche
heyght
from
the
grounde
,
that
a
footeman
with
a
iauelyn
was
not
able
to
reache
to
the
place
where
the
sayde
feete
ioyned
togyther
in
the
trunke
or
body
of
the
tree
which
grewe
of
great
height
in
one
piece
and
one
hole
body
,
or
euer
it
spredde
in
braunches
,
which
it
did
not
before
it
exceaded
in
heyhht
the
towre
of
saynt
Romane
in
the
citie
of
Toledo
:
from
whiche
heyght
and
vpwarde
,
it
spreade
very
greate
and
stronge
braunches
.
Amonge
certeyne
Spanyardes
which
clymed
this
tree
,
I
my selfe
was
one
.
And
when
I
was
ascended
to
the
place
where
it
begunne
to
spreade
the
branches
,
it
was
a
maruelous
thing
to
beholde
a
greate
countrey
of
suche
trees
towarde
the
prouince
of
Abrayme
.
This
tree
was
easy
to
clyme
,
by
rea●on
of
certeyne
Besuchi
(
wherof
I
haue
spoken
before
)
which
grewe
wreathed
aboute
the
tree
in
suche
sorte
that
they
seemed
to
make
a
scalynge
ladder
.
Euery
of
the
foresayde
three
feete
which
bore
the
boddie
of
the
tree
,
was
twentie
spannes
in
thyckenesse
.
And
where
they
ioyned
al
togyther
aboue
in
the
trunke
or
boddye
of
the
tree
,
the
principall
trunke
was
more
then
fortie
and
fyue
spannes
in
circuite
.
I
named
the
mountayne
where
these
trees
grow
,
the
mountayne
of
three
footed
trees
.
And
this
which
I
haue
nowe
declared
,
was
seene
of
all
the
companye
that
was
there
with
me
when
(
as
I
haue
sayde
before
)
I
tooke
kynge
Guaturo
prysoner
in
the
yeare
1522.
Many
thynges
more
myght
here
bee
spoken
as
touchynge
this
matter
,
as
also
howe
there
are
many
other
excellent
trees
founde
of
dyuers
sortes
and
dyfference
,
as
sweete
Ceder
trees
,
blacke
date
trees
,
and
many
other
:
of
the
which
sum
are
so
heauy
that
they
can
not
flote
aboue
the
water
but
synke
immediatly
to
the
bottome
.
And
other
ageyne
as
light
as
a
corke
.
As
touchynge
all
whiche
thynges
I
haue
wrytten
more
largely
in
my
generall
hystorie
of
the
Indies
.
And
forasmuch
as
at
this
present
I
haue
entered
to
intreate
of
trees
,
before
I
passe
any
further
to
other
thynges
,
I
wyl
declare
the
maner
howe
the
Indians
kyndle
fyre
,
only
wi●h
woodde
and
without
fyre
,
●yndlynge
of
fyre
withowt
fyre
.
the
maner
wherof
is
this
.
They
take
a
piece
of
woodde
of
two
spannes
in
lengthe
,
as
bygge
as
the
leaste
fynger
of
a
mans
hande
,
or
as
an
arrowe
well
pullysshed
,
and
of
a
stronge
kynde
of
woodde
whiche
they
keepe
onely
for
this
purpose
.
And
where
they
intende
to
kyndle
any
fyre
,
they
take
two
other
pieces
of
woodde
of
the
dryest
and
lyghtest
that
they
can
fynde
,
and
bynde
them
fast
togyther
one
with
an
other
as
close
as
two
fyngers
ioyned
.
In
the
myddest
or
betwene
these
,
they
put
the
poynt
of
the
fyrste
lyttle
staffe
made
of
harde
and
stronge
wood
which
they
hold
in
theyr
handes
by
the
toppe
thereof
,
and
turne
or
rubbe
it
rounde
aboute
continually
in
one
place
betwene
the
two
pieces
of
woodde
which
lye
bounde
togyther
vppon
the
earthe
,
which
by
that
vncessant
rubbynge
and
chafynge
,
are
in
short
space
kyndeled
and
take
fyer
.
Purrified
woodde
shynyng
in
the
nyght
.
I
haue
also
thought
good
here
to
speake
sumwhat
of
such
thynges
as
coomme
to
my
rememberaunce
of
certeyne
trees
which
are
founde
in
this
lande
,
and
sumetyme
also
the
lyke
haue
bynne
seene
in
Spayne
.
These
are
certeyne
putrifyed
troonkes
which
haue
●yne
so
longe
rottyng
on
the
●arth
that
they
are
verye
whyte
and
shyne
in
the
nyght
lyke
burnynge
fyre
brandes
.
And
when
the
Spanyardes
fynde
any
of
this
woodde
,
and
intende
priuily
in
the
nyght
to
make
warre
and
inuade
any
prouince
when
case
so
requyreth
that
it
shal
be
necessary
to
go
in
the
nyght
in
suche
places
where
they
knowe
not
the
way
,
the
formost
Christian
man
whiche
guydethe
the
waye
,
associate
with
an
Indian
to
directe
hym
therein
,
taketh
a
lyttle
starre
of
the
sayde
woodde
,
which
he
put●eth
in
his
cappe
hangynge
behynde
on
h●s
shoulders
,
by
the
lyght
wherof
he
that
foloweth
nexte
to
him
,
directeth
his
iourney
,
who
also
in
lyke
maner
beareth
an
other
starre
behynde
hym
,
by
the
shynynge
whereof
the
thyrde
foloweth
the
same
waye
,
and
in
lyke
maner
do
al
the
rest
,
so
that
by
this
meanes
none
are
loste
or
stragle
owte
of
the
way
.
And
forasmuche
as
this
lyght
is
not
seene
very
farre
,
it
is
the
better
pollicie
for
the
Chrystians
bycause
they
are
not
thereby
disclosed
before
they
inuade
theyr
enemies
.
Furthermore
as
touchynge
the
natures
of
trees
,
one
particular
thynge
seemeth
woorthy
to
bee
noted
,
wherof
Plinie
maketh
mention
in
his
natural
hystorye
where
he
saythe
that
there
are
certeyne
trees
which
contynewe
●uer
greene
and
neuer
lose
theyr
leaues
,
Plinie
.
as
the
baye
tree
,
the
Ceder
,
Trees
which
continue
euer
greene
.
the
orange
tree
,
and
the
olyue
tree
with
such
other
,
of
the
whiche
in
all
togyther
he
nameth
not
paste
fyue
or
syxe
.
To
this
purpose
,
I
saye
,
that
in
the
Ilandes
of
these
Indies
,
and
also
in
the
firme
lande
,
it
is
a
thynge
of
muche
difficultie
to
fynde
twoo
trees
that
lose
or
cast
theyr
leaues
at
any
tyme
.
For
althowgh
I
haue
diligentely
searched
to
knowe
the
trewthe
hereof
,
y●t
haue
I
not
seene
any
that
lose
theyr
leaues
,
eyther
of
theym
which
we
haue
browght
owt
of
Spayne
into
these
regions
,
as
Orange
trees
,
Linions
,
Ceders
,
Palmes
,
or
date
trees
and
Pomegranate
trees
,
or
of
any
other
in
these
regions
ex●epte
onely
Cassia
,
Cassia
,
which
loseth
his
leaues
and
hath
a
greater
thynge
appropriate
to
it selfe
onely
:
which
is
,
that
whereas
all
other
trees
and
plantes
of
India
spreade
theyr
roo●●s
no
d●eper
in
the
earthe
then
the
depth
of
a
mans
heyght
or
sumewhat
more
,
A
secreat●
thy●ge
.
not
descendyng
any
further
into
the
ground
by
reason
of
the
greate
heate
which
is
found
beneth
that
depth
,
yet
dooth
Cassia
pearce
further
into
the
grounde
vntyl
it
fynd
water
:
whiche
by
the
Phylosophers
opinion
shoulde
be
the
cause
of
a
thynne
and
watery
radycall
moyster
to
suche
thynges
as
drawe
theyr
nuryshement
therof
,
Radycall
moysture
.
as
●at
and
v●ctuous
groundes
with
temperate
heate
,
yelde
a
fast
&
firme
moysture
to
suche
thynges
as
growe
in
them
,
whiche
is
the
cause
that
suche
trees
lose
not
theyr
leaues
,
as
the
sayde
thynne
and
waterysshe
moysture
is
cause
of
the
contrarie
,
as
appearethe
by
the
sayde
effecte
which
is
seene
onely
in
Cassia
,
and
none
other
tree
or
plante
in
all
these
parties
.
¶
Of
Reedes
or
Canes
.
I
Haue
not
thought
it
conuenient
in
the
chapiture
before
to
speake
of
that
whereof
I
intende
nowe
to
intreate
of
reedes
or
canes
to
th
intente
that
I
woolde
not
mengle
theym
with
plantes
or
trees
,
beinge
thynges
of
them selues
woorthy
to
bee
particularly
obserued
.
So
it
is
therfore
,
that
in
the
firme
land
there
are
many
sortes
of
reedes
,
so
that
in
many
places
they
make
theyr
howses
therof
,
couerynge
them
with
the
toppes
of
the
same
,
and
makynge
theyr
waules
of
them
in
lyke
maner
,
as
I
haue
sayde
before
.
And
amonge
these
kyndes
of
reedes
,
there
is
one
so
greate
,
that
the
canes
therof
are
as
bygge
as
a
mans
legge
in
the
knee
,
and
three
spannes
in
length
frome
ioynt
to
ioynt
or
more
:
in
so
much
that
euery
of
them
is
of
capacitie
to
conteyne
a
lyttle
bucket
of
water
.
In
this
kynde
,
here
are
founde
sum
greater
and
sum
lesse
,
of
the
which
sum
they
vse
to
make
quyuers
for
arrowes
.
There
is
founde
an
other
kynde
which
suerly
is
marueylous
,
beynge
lyttle
bygger
then
a
Iauelen
,
the
canes
whereof
are
longer
then
twoo
spannes
.
These
reedes
growe
one
farre
from
an
other
,
as
sumtymes
twentie
or
thirtie
pases
,
and
sumetymes
also
twoo
or
three
leaques
.
They
growe
in
maner
in
all
prouynces
in
the
Indies
:
And
growe
nere
to
very
hygh
trees
whereunto
they
leane
,
and
creepe
vp
to
the
toppes
of
theyr
braunches
,
which
they
imbrase
and
descende
ageyne
downe
to
the
earth
.
Theyr
canes
are
full
of
moste
cleare
water
without
any
maner
of
tast
or
sauoure
eyther
of
the
canes
or
of
any
other
thynge
:
And
suche
as
yf
it
were
taken
owte
of
the
fressheste
sprynge
in
the
worlde
.
Nor
yet
is
it
knowen
that
euer
it
hurte
any
that
droonke
therof
.
For
it
hath
oftentymes
so
chaunced
that
as
the
Chrysten
men
haue
trauayled
in
these
regions
in
desolate
wayes
where
for
lacke
of
water
they
haue
byn
in
great
daunger
to
dye
for
thyrste
,
they
haue
escaped
that
perell
by
reason
that
they
founde
the
sayde
reedes
,
of
the
water
of
whose
canes
they
haue
droonke
a
great
quantitie
withowt
any
hurte
thereof
ensewynge
.
Therefore
when
they
fynde
these
in
any
place
,
they
make
water
vesselles
of
the
canes
therof
,
and
cary
as
many
of
them
ful
of
water
as
may
suffice
for
one
dayes
iornay
.
And
sumtyme
they
cary
so
many
,
that
they
take
for
euery
man
two
or
three
quartes
of
water
which
may
serue
them
for
many
dayes
bycause
it
doth
not
corrupte
,
but
remaynethe
styll
fresshe
and
good
.
There
are
also
certeine
plantes
which
the
Christians
caul
Platani
.
Platani
.
These
are
as
hygh
as
trees
,
and
become
as
bygge
in
the
trunke
as
the
knee
of
a
man
or
more
.
Frome
the
foote
to
the
toppe
,
they
beare
certeyne
longe
and
large
leaues
,
beinge
more
then
three
spannes
in
largenes
,
and
about
ten
or
twelue
in
length
:
The
whiche
when
they
are
broken
of
the
wynde
,
the
stalke
remayneth
hole
in
the
myddest
.
In
the
myddeste
of
this
plant
in
the
hyghest
parte
thereof
,
there
groweth
a
cluster
with
fortie
or
fyftie
Platans
abowt
it
,
euery
of
them
beinge
a
spanne
and
a
halfe
in
length
,
and
as
bygge
as
a
mans
arme
in
the
smau●e
,
or
more
or
lesse
accordynge
to
the
goodnesse
of
the
soyle
where
they
growe
.
They
haue
a
rynde
not
very
thycke
,
and
easy
to
bee
broken
:
being
within
altogither
full
of
a
substaunce
lyke
vnto
the
marye
of
the
bone
of
an
oxe
as
it
appeareth
when
the
rynde
or
barke
is
taken
frome
the
same
.
This
cluster
owght
to
bee
taken
from
the
plant
,
when
any
one
of
the
Platans
begynne
to
appere
yelowe
.
At
which
tyme
they
take
it
and
hange
it
in
theyr
houses
where
all
the
cluster
waxeth
rype
with
all
his
Platans
.
This
cluster
is
a
very
good
frute
:
And
when
it
is
opened
and
the
rynde
taken
of
,
there
are
founde
within
it
many
good
drye
fygges
which
beynge
rosted
or
stewed
in
an
ouen
in
a
close
pot
or
sum
suche
other
thynge
,
Figges
.
are
of
pleasaunte
taste
muche
lyke
the
conserue
of
hony
.
They
putrifie
not
on
the
sea
so
soone
as
sume
other
frutes
do
:
but
continue
fyfteene
dayes
and
more
yf
they
bee
gathered
sumwhat
greene
.
They
seeme
more
delycate
on
the
sea
then
on
the
lande
,
not
for
that
they
any
thinge
increase
in
goodnesse
on
the
sea
,
but
bycause
that
whereas
on
the
sea
other
thynges
are
lackyng
wherof
is
plentie
on
the
land
,
those
meates
seeme
of
beste
taste
which
satisfie
presente
necessitie
.
This
troonke
or
sprygge
whiche
bryngeth
foorth
the
sayde
cluster
is
a
hole
yeare
in
growyng
and
brynging
foorth
frute
.
In
whiche
tyme
it
hath
put
foorth
rounde
abowte
it
tenne
or
twelue
sprygges
as
bygge
as
the
fyrst
or
principall
,
and
multiplieth
no
lesse
then
the
pryncipall
in
bryngynge
foorthe
of
clusters
with
frutes
lykewyse
at
theyr
tyme
,
and
also
in
bryngynge
foorth
other
and
many
sprygges
as
is
sayde
beefore
.
From
the
which
sprygges
or
trunkes
,
as
soone
as
the
cluster
of
the
frute
is
taken
away
,
the
plante
begynneth
to
drye
and
wyther
,
which
then
they
take
owt
of
the
grounde
bycause
it
doth
none
other
then
occupie
it
in
vayne
and
without
profyt
.
They
are
so
many
and
doo
so
maruelously
increase
and
multiplie
,
that
it
is
a
thynge
in
maner
incredible
.
They
are
exceadynge
moyste
.
In
so
much
that
when
they
are
plucked
vp
from
the
place
where
they
gro●●
,
there
issheweth
forth
a
great
quan●●tie
of
water
as
well
owte
of
the
plante
as
owte
of
the
place
where
it
grewe
:
In
suche
sorte
that
all
the
moysture
of
the
earth
farre
abowte
,
myght
seeme
to
bee
gathered
to gyther
abowte
the
trunke
or
blocke
of
the
sayde
plante
:
with
the
frutes
whereof
,
the
antes
are
so
farre
in
loue
,
that
they
are
seene
in
great
multitudes
in
the
branches
of
the
plantes
.
So
that
for
the
multitude
thereof
it
sumetyme
so
chaunceth
that
men
are
inforced
to
take
away
the
Platans
frome
theyr
possession
.
These
frutes
are
founde
at
all
tymes
of
the
yeare
.
There
is
also
an
other
kynd
of
wyld
plantes
that
groweth
in
the
fyeldes
:
which
I
haue
not
seene
but
in
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
,
althowgh
they
be
founde
in
other
Ilandes
of
the
Indies
.
These
they
caule
Tunas
.
●unas
.
They
growe
of
a
thistle
full
of
thornes
,
and
brynge
foorth
a
fruite
muche
lyke
vnto
great
fygges
,
which
haue
a
crowne
lyke
medlers
,
and
are
within
of
a
hyghe
coloure
,
with
graynes
and
the
rynde
lyke
vnto
a
fygge
.
They
are
of
good
taste
:
And
growe
abundantly
in
the
fyeldes
in
many
places
.
They
woorke
a
straunge
effecte
in
suche
as
eate
them
.
For
if
a
manne
eate
two
or
three
or
more
,
they
cause
his
vrine
to
bee
of
the
verye
coloure
of
bludde
,
which
thynge
chaunced
once
to
my selfe
.
At
whiche
tyme
as
I
made
water
and
sawe
the
colour
of
my
vrine
,
I
entered
into
a
great
suspition
of
my
lyfe
,
beinge
so
astonysshed
for
feare
,
that
I
thought
the
same
had
chaunced
to
me
vpon
sum
other
cause
.
In
so
muche
that
surely
my
imagination
myght
haue
doone
me
hurte
,
but
that
they
whiche
were
with
me
dyd
conforte
me
immediately
,
declarynge
the
cause
therof
as
they
knewe
by
experience
beinge
auncient
inhabitours
in
those
regions
.
There
groweth
also
an
other
plante
whiche
the
people
of
the
countrey
caule
Bihaos
.
Bihaos
.
This
putteth
forth
certeyne
streight
braunches
and
very
brode
leaues
which
the
Indians
vse
for
dyuers
purposes
.
For
in
sum
places
they
couer
theyr
houses
with
the
leaues
therof
cowched
and
layde
after
the
maner
of
thetche
,
wherunto
it
serueth
very
well
.
Sumtymes
also
when
it
rayneth
,
they
cast
these
ouer
theyr
heades
to
defende
theim
from
the
water
.
They
make
also
certeyne
chestes
whiche
they
caule
Hauas
,
Hauas
,
weaued
after
a
straunge
sorte
and
intermixt
with
the
leaues
of
this
Bihaos
.
These
chestes
are
wrought
in
such
sort
,
that
although
it
rayne
vpon
them
,
or
they
chaunce
to
faule
into
the
water
,
yet
are
not
such
thynges
wette
as
are
within
them
.
They
are
made
of
the
braunches
of
the
sayde
Bihaos
with
the
leaues
weaued
togyther
therwith
.
In
these
they
keepe
salte
and
other
subtyle
thynges
.
They
vse
theym
also
for
an
other
purpose
,
which
is
this
:
That
findyng
them
in
the
fieldes
at
such
tyme
as
they
haue
scarsenesse
of
vyttayles
,
they
dygge
vp
the
rootes
of
these
plantes
whyle
they
are
yet
younge
,
or
eate
the
plante
it selfe
in
that
parte
where
it
is
moste
tender
,
which
is
from
a
foote
vnder
the
grounde
,
where
it
is
as
tender
and
whyte
as
a
reede
or
bulrusshe
.
And
forasmuch
as
wee
are
nowe
coomme
to
th
end
of
this
narration
,
Dying
of
cotton
.
it
commeth
to
my
rememberaunce
to
make
mention
of
an
other
thynge
which
is
not
farre
from
my
purpose
.
And
this
is
howe
the
Indians
do
stayne
or
dye
cloth
of
bombage
cotton
,
or
any
other
thynge
which
they
intende
to
dye
of
dyuers
coloures
:
as
blacke
,
tawny
,
greene
,
blewe
,
yelowe
,
and
redde
,
whiche
they
doo
with
the
barkes
or
ryndes
,
and
leaues
of
certeyne
trees
,
whiche
they
knowe
by
experience
to
bee
good
for
this
practise
.
And
by
this
arte
they
make
colours
in
such
perfection
and
excellencie
that
no
better
can
bee
diuysed
.
But
this
seemeth
a
straunge
thynge
,
A
straunge
thynge
.
that
they
doo
all
this
in
one selfe
same
vessell
:
So
that
when
they
haue
caused
the
sayde
ryndes
and
leaues
to
boyle
togyther
,
they
make
in
the
same
vessell
without
any
chaunge
(
as
I
haue
sayde
)
as
many
colours
as
them
lysteth
.
Whiche
thynge
I
suppose
to
coomme
to
passe
by
the
disposition
of
the
coloure
whiche
they
haue
fyrste
gyuen
to
the
thynge
that
they
intende
to
dye
or
colour
,
whether
it
bee
threede
,
webbe
,
or
clothe
,
or
any
thynge
that
they
intende
to
coloure
.
¶
Of
venemous
apples
wherwith
they
poyson
theyr
arrowes
.
THe
apples
wherewith
the
Indian
Canibales
inueneme
theyr
arrowes
,
growe
on
certeyne
trees
couered
with
many
braunches
and
leaues
beinge
very
greene
and
growyng
thicke
.
They
are
laden
with
abundaunce
of
these
euyll
frutes
,
and
haue
theyr
leaues
lyke
the
leaues
of
a
peare
tree
,
but
that
they
are
lesse
and
rounder
.
The
frute
is
much
lyke
the
muscadell
peares
of
the
Ilande
of
Sicilie
or
Naples
in
forme
and
byggenesse
:
And
are
in
sum
partes
steyned
with
redde
spottes
,
and
of
very
sweete
sauours
.
These
trees
for
the
moste
parte
,
growe
euer
by
the
sea
coastes
and
neare
vnto
the
water
:
And
are
so
fayre
and
of
pleasaunte
sauour
,
that
there
is
no
man
that
seethe
theym
but
wyll
desyre
to
eate
therof
.
In
so
much
that
if
it
may
bee
spoken
of
any
frute
yet
growynge
on
the
earth
,
Note
.
I
wolde
saye
that
this
was
the
vnhappy
frute
wherof
owre
fyrste
parentes
Adam
and
Eue
tasted
,
wherby
they
both
lost
theyr
felicitie
and
procured
death
to
them
&
theyr
posteritie
.
Of
these
frutes
,
and
of
the
greate
antes
whose
bytynge
causeth
swellynge
(
whereof
I
haue
spoken
els
where
)
and
of
the
eutes
or
lysartes
,
and
vypers
,
and
such
other
venemous
thynges
,
the
Canibales
which
are
the
chyefe
archers
amonge
the
Indians
,
Canibales
archiers
.
are
accustomed
to
poyson
theyr
arrowes
wherwith
they
kyll
all
that
they
wounde
.
wherwith
they
inuenymther
arrowes
These
venemes
they
mengle
togyther
and
make
thereof
a
blacke
masse
or
composition
which
appeareth
lyke
vnto
very
blacke
pytche
.
Of
this
poyson
I
caused
a
great
quantitie
to
be
burnt
in
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
in
a
place
two
leaques
and
more
within
the
lande
,
with
a
greate
multitude
of
theyr
inuenemed
arrowes
and
other
munition
,
with
also
the
house
wherein
they
were
reserued
.
This
was
in
the
yeare
.1514
.
at
suche
tyme
P●trus
Arias
.
as
th
army
arriued
there
with
capitayne
Pedrarias
da
villa
at
the
commaundemente
of
the
Catholyke
kynge
Don
Ferdinando
.
But
to
returne
to
the
hystory
.
These
apples
(
as
I
haue
said
)
growe
neare
vnto
the
sea
.
And
wheras
the
Christians
which
serue
yowr
maiestie
in
these
parties
,
suppose
that
there
is
no
remedy
so
profytable
for
such
as
are
wounded
with
these
arrowes
,
as
is
the
water
of
the
sea
if
the
wounde
be
much
wassted
therwith
,
The
water
of
the
sea
.
by
which
meanes
sum
haue
escaped
although
but
fewe
,
yet
to
saye
the
trewthe
,
albeit
the
water
of
the
sea
haue
a
certeyne
caustike
qualitie
agenyst
poyson
,
it
is
not
a
sufficient
remedy
in
this
case
:
nor
yet
to
this
day
haue
the
Christian
perceaued
that
of
fiftie
that
haue
byn
wounded
,
three
haue
recouered
.
But
that
yowr
maiestie
may
the
better
consyder
the
force
of
the
veneme
of
these
trees
,
yowe
shall
further
vnderstande
that
yf
a
man
doo
but
repose
hym selfe
to
sleepe
a
lyttle
whyle
vnder
the
shadow
of
the
same
,
he
hath
his
head
and
eyes
so
swolne
when
he
ryseth
,
that
the
eye
lyddes
are
ioyned
with
the
chekes
.
And
if
it
chaunce
one
droppe
or
more
of
the
dewe
of
the
sayde
tree
to
faule
into
the
eye
,
it
vtterly
destroyeth
the
syght
.
The
pestilent
nature
of
this
tree
is
such
that
it
can
not
bee
declared
in
fewe
woordes
.
Of
these
there
groweth
greate
plentie
in
the
goulfe
of
Vraba
towarde
the
North
coast
on
the
Weste
and
Easte
syde
.
The
goulf
of
vraba
.
The
wood
of
these
trees
when
it
burneth
,
maketh
so
greate
a
stynke
that
noo
man
is
able
to
abyde
it
,
by
reason
it
causeth
so
great
a
peyne
in
the
headde
.
Amonge
other
trees
which
are
in
these
Indies
as
well
in
the
Ilandes
as
in
the
firme
lande
,
there
is
an
other
kynde
which
they
caule
Xagua
,
Xagua
.
wherof
there
is
great
plentie
.
They
are
very
hygh
and
streyght
,
and
fayre
to
beholde
.
Of
these
they
vse
to
make
pykes
and
iauelyns
of
dyuers
lengthes
and
byggenesse
.
They
are
of
a
fayre
colour
betwene
russette
and
whyte
.
This
tree
bryngeth
foorth
a
greate
frute
as
bygge
as
Papauer
or
poppie
and
much
lyke
therunto
.
It
is
very
good
to
be
eaten
when
it
is
●ype
.
Owte
of
this
they
gette
a
very
cleare
water
wherwith
they
wasshe
theyr
legges
and
sumetymes
all
theyr
boddyes
when
they
feele
theyr
flesshe
werye
,
faynt
,
or
loose
.
The
which
water
,
bysyd●
that
it
hath
a
byn
dynge
qualitie
,
it
hath
also
th●s
propertie
,
th●t
what
so
euer
it
toucheth
,
it
steyneth
it
blacke
by
ly●tle
and
lyttle
vntyll
it
bee
as
blacke
as
giete
,
which
coloure
can
not
be
taken
away
in
lesse
space
then
tenne
or
twelue
dayes
.
And
if
the
nayle
bee
but
touched
therwith
,
it
is
so
steined
that
it
can
by
no
meanes
bee
taken
away
vntyll
it
eyther
faule
of
,
or
growe
owte
and
bee
clypped
away
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
,
as
I
my selfe
haue
oftentymes
seene
by
experience
.
There
is
an
other
kynde
of
trees
whith
they
caule
Hobi.
Hobi.
These
are
very
great
and
fayre
,
Sum
thynke
these
to
be
mi●obalanes
.
&
cause
holsome
ayer
where
they
growe
and
a
pleasaunt
shadow
,
and
are
founde
in
great
abundaunce
.
Theyr
frute
is
very
good
,
and
of
good
tast
and
sauoure
,
and
much
lyke
vnto
certeyne
damsons
or
prunes
beinge
lyttle
and
yelowe
.
But
theyr
stone
is
very
great
:
by
reason
wherof
they
haue
but
lyttle
meate
.
Theyr
barke
or
rynde
boyled
in
water
,
maketh
a
holsome
bathe
for
the
legges
,
bycause
it
bindeth
and
steyeth
the
loosenesse
of
the
flesshe
so
sencibly
that
it
is
a
marueyle
to
consyder
.
It
is
suerly
a
holsome
and
excellent
bathe
ageynst
such
fayntnesse
:
And
is
the
beste
tree
that
may
bee
founde
in
those
parties
to
sleepe
vnder
.
For
it
causeth
no
heauinesse
of
the
headde
as
doo
dyuers
other
trees
.
Whiche
thynge
I
speake
bycause
the
Christians
are
muche
accustomed
in
those
regions
to
lye
in
the
fyeldes
.
It
is
therfore
a
common
practice
amonge
them
,
that
where
so
euer
they
fynd
these
trees
,
there
they
spreade
theyr
mattresses
and
beddes
wherin
they
sleepe
.
There
are
also
a
kynde
of
hyghe
date
trees
and
full
of
thornes
.
Date
trees
,
The
woodde
of
these
is
moste
excellent
:
beinge
very
blacke
,
and
shynynge
,
and
so
heauy
that
no
parte
thereof
can
swymme
aboue
the
water
,
but
synketh
immediatly
to
the
bottome
.
Of
this
woodde
they
make
theyr
arrowes
and
dartes
:
Also
iauelyns
,
speares
,
and
pykes
.
And
I
saye
pykes
,
bycause
that
in
the
coastes
of
the
sea
of
Sur
,
Thinhabitan●es
of
the
sea
of
Sur.
beyonde
Esquegus
and
Vracha
,
the
Indians
vse
great
and
longe
pykes
made
of
the
woodde
of
these
date
trees
.
Of
the
same
lykewyse
they
make
clubbes
and
swoordes
and
dyuers
other
weapons
.
Also
vesselles
and
housholde
stuffe
of
dyuers
sortes
very
fayre
and
commodious
.
Furthermore
of
this
woodde
the
Christians
vse
to
make
dyuers
musicall
instrumentes
,
as
clarisimbals
,
lutes
,
gyterns
,
and
suche
other
,
the
whiche
bysyde
theyr
fayre
shydynge
coloure
lyke
vnto
giete
,
are
also
of
a
good
sounde
and
very
durable
by
reason
of
the
hardenesse
of
the
woodde
.
After
that
I
haue
sayde
thus
much
of
trees
and
plantes
,
I
haue
thought
good
also
to
speake
sumwhat
of
herbes
.
An
herb
that
bearethe
cordes
.
You
shall
therefore
vnderstande
that
in
these
Indies
there
is
an
herbe
much
lyke
vnto
a
yelowe
lyllie
,
abowte
whose
leaues
there
growe
and
creepe
certeyne
cordes
or
laces
,
as
the
lyke
is
partly
seene
in
the
herbe
which
we
caule
lased
sauery
.
But
these
of
the
Indies
are
muche
bygger
,
and
longer
:
and
so
stronge
that
they
tye
theyr
hangynge
beddes
thereby
whiche
they
caule
Hamacas
wherof
we
haue
spoken
elswhere
.
These
cordes
,
they
caule
Cabuia
and
Henequen
,
Cabuia
&
he●●quen
.
which
are
al
one
thing
sauynge
that
Henequen
is
lesse
and
of
a
fyner
substaunce
as
it
were
line
:
And
the
other
is
grosser
lyke
the
wycke
or
twyste
of
hempe
,
and
is
imperfecte
in
comparison
to
the
other
.
They
are
of
coloure
betwene
whyte
and
yelowe
lyke
vnto
abarne
,
and
sum
also
whyte
.
With
Henequen
whiche
is
the
moste
subtyle
and
fyne
threede
,
the
Indians
sawe
in sunder
fetters
,
A
straung
thi●ge
.
cheynes
,
or
barres
of
Iren
in
this
maner
.
They
moue
the
threede
of
Henequen
vppon
the
iren
which
they
intende
to
saw
or
cutte
,
drawynge
the
one
hande
after
the
other
as
doo
they
that
sawe
,
puttynge
euer
nowe
and
then
a
portion
of
fyne
sande
vppon
the
threede
,
or
on
the
place
or
parte
of
the
Iren
where
they
continue
rubbynge
the
sayde
threede
.
So
that
yf
the
threede
be
worne
,
they
take
an
other
,
and
continewe
in
theyr
woorke
as
before
vntyl
they
haue
cutte
in
sunder
the
iren
although
it
bee
neuer
so
bygge
:
and
cut
it
as
yf
it
were
a
tender
thynge
and
easye
to
bee
sawne
.
And
for
asmuch
as
the
leaues
of
trees
may
bee
counted
amonge
herbes
,
Leaues
,
I
wyll
here
speake
sumewhat
of
the
qualitie
of
the
leaues
of
certeyne
trees
which
are
founde
in
the
Iland
of
Hispaniola
.
These
trees
are
so
full
of
thornes
,
that
there
is
no
tree
or
plante
that
seemeth
more
wylde
and
deformed
:
so
that
I
can
not
well
determyne
whether
they
bee
trees
or
plantes
.
They
haue
certeyne
braunches
full
of
large
and
deformed
leaues
,
which
braunches
were
fyrste
leaues
lyke
vnto
the
other
.
As
the
braunches
made
of
these
leaues
growe
foorthe
inlength
,
there
commeth
other
leaues
of
them
.
So
that
●n
fine
it
is
a
dyfficult
thyng
to
descrybe
the
forme
of
these
trees
except
the
same
shulde
bee
doone
by
a
paynter
wherby
the
eye
myght
conceaue
that
wherein
the
toonge
fayleth
in
this
behalfe
.
The
leaues
of
this
tree
are
of
such
vertue
,
A
leafe
of
great
vertue
.
that
beyng
well
beaten
and
spreadde
vppon
a
cloth
after
the
maner
of
a
playster
,
and
so
layde
to
a
legge
or
arme
that
is
broken
in
many
pieces
,
it
healeth
it
in
fyftene
dayes
,
and
maketh
it
as
hole
as
though
it
had
neuer
byn
broken
.
Durynge
the
tyme
of
this
operation
,
it
cleaueth
so
fast
to
the
flesshe
that
it
can
not
without
much
difficultie
bee
taken
away
.
But
as
soone
as
it
hath
healed
the
sore
and
wrought
his
operation
,
it
looseth
it selfe
from
the
place
where
it
was
layde
,
as
I
my selfe
and
dyuers
other
which
haue
proued
it
,
knowe
by
experience
¶
Of
fysshes
and
of
the
maner
of
fysshynge
.
IN
the
sea
coastes
of
the
firme
lande
,
there
are
dyuers
and
sundry
kyndes
of
fysshes
muche
differynge
in
shape
and
forme
.
And
althoughe
it
be
impossible
to
speake
of
all
,
yet
wyll
I
make
mention
of
sum
.
And
fyrst
to
begynne
at
sardynes
,
yowe
shall
vnderstande
that
there
is
founde
a
kynde
of
these
fysshes
very
large
and
with
redde
tayles
,
beinge
a
very
delicate
fysshe
.
The
beste
kyndes
of
other
fysshes
are
these
:
Moxarre
,
Diabace
,
Brettes
,
Dahaos
,
Thorn
backes
,
and
Salmons
.
All
these
and
dyuers
other
which
I
donot
now
remember
,
are
taken
in
great
quantitie
in
ryuers
.
There
are
lykewyse
taken
very
good
creuysshes
.
There
are
also
founde
in
the
sea
,
certeyne
other
fysshes
:
as
soles
,
mackerelles
,
turbuttes
,
Palamite
,
Lizze
,
Polpi
,
Chieppe
,
Xaibas
,
Locustes
,
Oysters
,
exceadynge
great
Tortoyses
,
and
Tiburoni
of
maruelous
byggenesse
:
Tiburons
.
Also
Manates
,
Manates
and
Murene
,
and
manye
other
fysshes
which
haue
no
names
in
oure
language
.
And
these
of
such
diuersitie
and
quantitie
as
can
not
bee
expressed
without
large
wrytynge
and
longe
tyme
.
But
to
let
passe
to
intreate
particulerly
of
the
multitude
of
fysshes
,
I
intende
to
speake
chiefely
and
sumwhat
largely
of
three
sortes
of
moste
notable
fysshes
:
wherof
the
fyrst
is
,
the
great
Tortoyses
,
G●eat
Tortoy●es
.
the
seconde
is
cauled
Tiburon
,
and
the
thyrde
Manate
.
And
to
begynne
at
the
fyrste
,
I
saye
that
in
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
,
are
founde
great
Tortoyses
(
which
are
certeyne
shell
fysshes
)
of
such
byggenesse
that
tenne
or
fyfteene
men
are
scarsely
able
to
lyfte
one
of
them
owt
of
the
water
,
as
I
haue
byn
informed
of
credible
persons
dwellynge
in
the
same
Ilande
.
But
of
that
which
I
my selfe
haue
seene
,
I
can
testifie
that
in
the
firme
lande
in
the
vyllage
of
Acla
there
are
of
this
sorte
sum
taken
and
kylled
of
suche
byggenes
that
sixe
men
with
much
difficultie
coulde
scarsely
drawe
them
owt
of
the
water
.
And
commonly
the
least
sort
of
them
are
as
much
as
two
men
may
cary
at
a
burden
.
That
which
I
sawe
lifted
vp
by
syxe
men
,
had
her
shell
a
yarde
and
a
quarter
in
length
,
and
in
breadth
more
then
fyue
yardes
.
The
maner
of
takynge
them
,
is
this
.
It
sumtymes
chaunceth
that
in
theyr
greate
nettes
(
whiche
they
caule
shoote
ne●tes
)
there
are
founde
certeyne
Tortoyses
of
the
common
sorte
in
great
quantities
.
And
when
they
coomme
owt
of
the
sea
and
bringe
foorth
theyr
egges
and
go
togyther
by
coompanies
from
the
sea
to
feade
on
the
lande
,
the
Christians
or
Indians
folowe
theyr
steppes
whiche
they
fynde
in
the
sande
,
and
soone
ouertake
them
bycause
they
are
very
heauy
and
slowe
in
goynge
,
although
they
make
all
the
haste
they
can
to
return●
to
the
sea
as
soone
as
they
espie
any
boddie
.
When
they
that
pursewe
them
haue
ouertaken
them
,
they
put
a
stake
or
staffe
vnder
theyr
legges
and
ouerturne
them
on
theyr
backes
as
they
are
yet
runnynge
,
so
that
they
can
go
no
further
nor
yet
ryse
ageyne
or
turne
.
And
thus
they
suffer
them
to
lye
styll
whyle
they
folowe
after
the
reste
which
they
ouerturne
in
lyke
maner
:
And
by
this
meanes
take
very
manye
at
suche
tymes
as
they
coome
furth
of
the
sea
as
I
haue
sayde
.
This
fysshe
is
very
excellent
and
holsome
to
be
eaten
,
and
of
good
taste
.
The
seconde
of
the
three
fysshes
wherof
I
haue
spoken
,
is
the
Tiburon
.
Tiburons
.
This
is
a
very
greate
fysshe
and
very
quicke
and
swyfte
in
the
water
,
and
a
cruell
deuourer
.
These
are
often
tymes
taken
,
as
well
when
the
shippes
are
vnder
sayle
in
the
Ocean
,
as
also
when
they
lye
at
anker
,
or
at
any
other
time
,
and
especially
the
leaste
kynd
of
these
fisshes
.
When
the
shippes
are
vnder
sayle
,
the
biggest
sorte
are
taken
after
this
maner
.
When
the
Tiburon
seeth
the
shippe
sailinge
he
foloweth
it
swymmynge
behynde
.
The
which
thinges
the
mariners
seeinge
,
caste
furthe
all
the
fylthe
of
the
shippe
into
the
sea
for
the
fysshe
to
eate
,
who
neuerthelesse
foloweth
than
with
equal
pase
although
th●y
make
neuer
suche
haste
wyth
full
wynd
and
sailes
,
and
waloweth
on
euery
syde
and
about
the
shyppe
:
And
thus
foloweth
it
sumetyme
for
the
space
of
a
hundreth
and
fyftie
leaques
and
more
.
And
when
the
mariners
are
disposed
to
take
them
,
they
cast
downe
by
the
sterne
of
the
shippe
,
a
hoke
of
yren
as
bigge
as
the
biggest
finger
of
a
mans
hande
of
three
spannes
in
lengthe
and
crooked
like
a
fysshehooke
with
beardes
accordinge
to
the
bignesse
thereof
,
and
fastened
to
an
iren
chayne
of
fyue
or
syxe
linkes
neare
vnto
th
ende
,
and
from
thense
tyed
with
a
greate
rope
,
fastening
also
on
the
hooke
for
a
bayte
,
a
piece
of
sum
fisshe
,
or
hogges
flessh
,
or
sum
other
flesshe
,
or
the
bouwelles
and
intralles
of
an
other
Tiburon
wh●che
they
haue
taken
before
,
whiche
may
easely
bee
doone
,
for
I
haue
seene
nyne
taken
in
one
day
.
And
if
they
wold
haue
taken
more
,
they
myght
also
.
Thus
when
the
Tiburon
hath
pleasauntly
folowed
the
ship
a
longe
viage
,
at
the
lengthe
he
swaloweth
the
baite
with
the
hooke
.
And
a●well
by
his
stryuinge
to
flye
or
escape
,
as
also
by
the
swyfte
passage
of
the
s●yppe
,
the
hooke
ouerthwarteth
and
catcheth
hold
of
his
chappes
.
The
which
fisshe
when
it
is
taken
,
it
is
of
suche
huge
b●ggenesse
that
twelue
or
fyfeteene
men
are
scarsely
able
to
drawe
it
owt
of
the
water
and
lifte
it
into
the
shyppe
:
Where
one
of
the
mariners
gyueth
it
many
knockes
on
the
headde
with
a
clubbe
or
beetle
vntil
he
haue
slaine
it
.
They
are
sumtymes
founde
of
tenne
or
twelue
foote
long
,
and
of
fyue
,
syxe
,
or
seuen
spannes
in
breadth
where
they
are
brodest
.
They
haue
very
greate
and
wyde
mouthes
to
the
proportion
of
the
reste
of
theyr
boddies
,
and
haue
two
rowes
of
teethe
the
one
sumewhat
separate
from
the
other
,
of
cruell
shape
&
standing
very
thicke
.
When
they
haue
slayne
this
fysshe
,
they
cutte
the
boddy
therof
in
smaule
pieses
,
and
put
it
to
drye
,
hangynge
it
three
or
foure
dayes
at
the
cordes
of
the
sayle
clothes
to
drye
in
the
wynde
,
and
then
eate
it
.
It
is
doubtlesse
a
good
fysshe
and
of
greate
commoditie
to
serue
the
shippes
for
vitalles
for
many
dayes
.
The
leaste
of
these
fysshes
are
moste
holsome
and
tender
.
It
hath
a
skinne
much
like
to
the
skynne
of
a
sole
,
whervnto
the
sayde
Tuberon
is
like
in
shape
.
Which
I
saye
bycause
Plinie
hath
made
mention
of
none
of
these
three
fisshes
among
the
number
of
them
wherof
he
wryteth
in
his
natural
historie
.
Plinie
.
These
Tiburons
coomme
furth
of
the
sea
and
enter
into
the
ryuers
,
where
they
are
no
lesse
perelous
then
greate
lisartes
or
Crocodiles
wherof
I
haue
spoken
largely
before
.
Crocodyles
.
For
they
deuoure
men
,
kine
,
and
horses
,
euen
as
doo
the
Crocodiles
.
They
are
very
daungerous
in
certeyne
wasshynge
places
or
pooles
by
the
ryuers
sydes
,
and
where
they
haue
deuoured
at
other
tymes
.
Dyuers
other
fysshes
both
greate
and
smaule
,
of
sundry
sortes
and
kyndes
are
accustomed
to
folowe
the
shyppes
goynge
vnder
sayle
,
of
the
which
I
wyl
speake
sumwhat
when
I
h●ue
wrytten
of
Manate
which
is
the
thyrde
of
the
three
whereof
I
haue
promysed
to
entreate
.
Manates
.
Manate
therefore
,
is
a
fysshe
of
the
sea
,
of
the
byggest
sorte
,
and
muche
greater
then
the
Tiburon
in
length
and
breadth
:
And
is
very
brutysshe
and
vyle
,
so
that
it
appeareth
in
forme
lyke
vnto
one
of
those
great
vesselles
made
of
goates
skynnes
wherin
they
vse
to
cary
newe
wyne
in
Medina
de
Campo
or
in
Areualo
.
The
headde
of
this
beast
is
lyke
the
head
of
an
oxe
,
with
also
lyke
eyes
.
And
hath
in
the
place
of
armes
,
two
great
stumpes
wherwith
he
swymmeth
.
It
is
a
very
gentle
and
tame
beaste
:
And
commeth
oftentymes
owt
of
the
water
to
the
next
shore
where
if
he
find
ny
herbes
or
grasse
,
he
feedeth
therof
.
Owre
men
are
accustomed
to
kyl
many
of
these
and
dyuers
other
good
fysshes
with
theyr
crossebowes
,
pursuinge
them
in
barkes
or
Canoas
,
bycause
they
swymme
in
maner
aboue
the
water
.
The
whiche
thynge
when
they
see
,
they
drawe
them
with
a
hooke
tyde
at
a
smaule
corde
,
but
sumwhat
stronge
.
As
the
fysshe
flyeth
away
,
the
archer
letteth
go
and
prolongeth
the
corde
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
vntyll
he
haue
lette
it
go
many
fathams
.
At
the
ende
of
the
corde
,
there
is
tyde
a
corke
or
a
piece
of
lyght
woodde
.
And
when
the
fysshe
is
goone
a
lyttle
way
,
&
hathe
coloured
the
water
with
his
bludde
,
and
feeleth
hym selfe
to
faynt
and
drawe
towarde
th
ende
of
his
lyfe
,
he
resortethe
to
the
shore
,
and
the
archer
foloweth
gatherynge
vp
his
corde
:
wherof
whyle
there
yet
remaine
sixe
or
eyght
fathams
or
sumwhat
more
or
lesse
,
he
draweth
it
towarde
the
lande
,
and
draweth
the
fysshe
therwith
by
little
and
lyttle
as
the
waues
of
the
sea
helpe
hym
to
doo
it
the
more
easely
.
Then
with
the
helpe
of
the
reste
of
his
companie
he
lyftethe
th●s
greate
beast
owt
of
the
water
to
the
lande
,
beinge
of
such
hygnesse
that
to
conuey
it
from
thense
to
the
citie
,
it
shal
be
requ●site
to
haue
a
carte
with
a
good
yoke
of
oxen
,
and
sumtymes
more
,
accordyng
as
these
fysshes
are
of
byggenesse
,
sum
being
much
greater
then
other
sum
in
the
same
kynde
as
is
seene
of
other
beastes
.
Sumtymes
they
lyft
these
fysshes
into
the
Canoa
or
barke
,
withowt
drawynge
them
to
the
lande
as
before
.
For
as
soone
as
they
are
slayne
,
they
flote
aboue
the
water
.
And
I
beleue
verely
that
this
fysshe
is
one
of
the
best
in
the
world
to
the
taste
,
and
the
lykest
vnto
flesshe
.
E●pecially
so
lyke
vnto
biefe
,
that
who
so
hath
not
seene
it
hole
,
can
iudge
it
to
bee
none
other
when
he
seethe
it
in
pieces
then
verye
biefe
or
veale
.
And
is
certeynly
so
lyke
vnto
flesshe
,
that
all
the
men
in
the
worlde
may
herein
bee
deceaued
.
The
taste
lykewyse
,
is
lyke
vnto
the
tast
of
very
good
veale
,
and
lasteth
longe
yf
it
bee
poudered
.
So
that
in
fine
,
the
base
of
these
parties
,
is
by
no
meanes
lyke
vnto
this
.
This
Manate
,
The
fysshe
Manate
.
hath
a
c●rteine
stone
or
rather
bone
in
his
headde
within
the
brayne
,
which
is
of
qualitie
greatly
appropriate
ageynste
the
disease
of
the
stone
,
A
remedy
ageynst
the
stone
.
if
it
bee
burnte
and
grounde
into
smaule
pouder
,
and
taken
fastynge
in
the
mornynge
when
the
payne
is
felte
,
in
such
quantitie
as
may
lye
vppon
a
penye
with
a
drawght
of
good
whyte
wyne
.
For
beynge
th●s
taken
three
or
foure
mornynges
,
it
a●quieteth
the
grefe
as
dyuers
haue
toulde
me
whiche
haue
proued
it
trewe
.
And
I
my selfe
by
testimonie
of
sight
,
doo
wytnesse
that
I
haue
seene
this
stone
sought
of
dyuers
for
this
effecte
.
There
are
also
dyuers
other
fysshes
as
bygge
as
this
Manate
:
The
swoorde
fysshe
.
Emonge
the
which
there
is
one
caule●
Vihuella
.
This
fy●he
beareth
in
the
toppe
of
his
headde
,
a
swoorde
beinge
on
euery
syde
full
of
many
sharpe
teeth
.
This
swoorde
is
naturally
very
harde
&
stronge
,
of
foure
or
fyue
spannes
in
length
and
of
proportion
accordynge
to
the
same
byggenes
.
And
for
this
cause
is
this
fyshe
cauled
Spada
:
that
is
the
swoord
fyshe
.
Of
this
kynde
sum
are
found
as
lyttle
as
sardines
:
and
other
so
greate
,
th●●
two
yokes
of
oxen
are
scarsely
able
to
drawe
them
on
a
carte
.
But
whereas
before
,
I
haue
promysed
to
speake
of
other
fysshes
which
are
taken
in
these
seas
whyle
the
shyppes
are
vnder
sayle
,
I
wyl
not
forget
to
speake
of
the
Tunnye
which
is
a
great
and
good
fysshe
,
Tunnye
.
and
is
oftentymes
taken
and
kylde
with
troute
speares
and
hookes
caste
in
the
water
when
they
play
and
swymme
aboute
the
shyppes
.
In
lyke
maner
also
are
taken
many
turbuts
which
are
very
good
fysshes
as
are
lyghtly
in
all
the
sea
.
Turbut
,
And
here
is
to
bee
noted
,
that
in
the
greate
Ocean
sea
,
there
is
a
straunge
thynge
to
bee
considered
,
whiche
all
that
haue
byn
in
the
Indies
affirme
to
bee
trewe
.
And
this
is
,
that
lyke
as
on
the
lande
there
are
sum
prouinces
fertile
and
frutfull
,
Note
,
and
sum
barren
,
euen
so
dooth
the
lyke
chaunce
in
the
sea
:
So
that
at
sum
wyndes
the
shyppes
sayle
fiftie
or
a
hundreth
,
or
two
hundreth
leaques
and
more
,
withowt
takyng
or
seinge
of
one
fysshe
.
And
ageyne
in
the
selfe
same
Ocean
,
in
sum
places
,
all
the
water
is
seene
tremble
by
the
mouynge
of
the
fysshes
,
where
they
are
taken
abundauntly
.
It
commeth
further
to
my
rememberaunce
to
speake
sumwhat
of
the
flyinge
of
fysshes
,
Flyinge
fysshes
.
which
is
doubtlesse
a
straunge
thynge
to
beholde
,
and
is
after
this
maner
.
When
the
shyppes
sayle
by
the
greate
Ocean
folowynge
theyr
vyage
,
there
ryseth
sumtymes
on
the
one
syde
or
on
the
other
,
many
coompanies
of
certeyne
lyttle
fysshes
,
of
the
which
the
byggest
is
no
greater
then
a
sardyne
:
and
soo
diminisshe
lesse
and
lesse
from
that
quantitie
that
sum
of
them
are
very
lyttle
.
These
are
cauled
Volatori
:
that
is
,
flyinge
fysshes
.
They
ryse
by
great
coompanies
and
flockes
in
such
multitudes
that
it
is
an
astonysshement
to
beholde
them
.
Sumtymes
they
ryse
but
lyttle
from
the
water
:
&
(
as
it
chaunceth
)
continew
one
flyght
for
the
space
of
a
hundreth
pases
and
sumtymes
more
or
lesse
before
they
faule
ageyne
into
the
sea
.
Sumtymes
also
they
faule
into
the
shyppes
.
And
I
remember
that
on
an
euenyng
when
all
the
company
in
the
shippe
were
on
theyr
knees
syngynge
Salue
regina
in
the
highest
parte
of
the
Castel
of
the
poope
,
and
sayled
with
a
full
wynde
,
there
passed
by
vs
a
flocke
of
these
flyinge
fysshes
:
and
came
so
neare
vs
that
many
of
them
fell
into
the
shyppe
,
amonge
the
which
,
two
or
three
fell
hard
by
me
which
I
tooke
alyue
in
my
hande
:
so
that
I
myght
well
perceaue
that
they
were
as
bigge
as
sardynes
and
of
the
same
quantitie
,
hauynge
two
wynges
or
quylles
growyng
owt
of
theyr
fynnes
,
lyke
vnto
those
wherwith
all
fysshes
swymme
in
ryuers
.
These
wynges
are
as
longe
as
the
fysshes
theym selues
.
As
longe
as
theyr
wynges
are
moyste
,
they
beare
them
vp
in
the
ayer
.
But
as
soone
as
they
are
drye
,
they
can
continewe
theyr
flyght
no
further
then
as
I
haue
sayde
before
,
but
faule
immediatly
into
the
sea
,
and
so
ryse
ageyne
,
and
flye
as
before
from
place
to
place
.
In
the
yeare
.
A
thousand
fyue
hundreth
fiftene
.
when
I
came
fyrst
to
informe
your
maiestye
of
the
state
of
the
thynges
Indya
,
and
was
the
yeare
folowynge
in
Flaunders
in
the
tyme
of
youre
moste
fortunate
successe
in
these
youre
kyngedomes
of
Aragonie
and
Castyle
,
wheras
at
that
vyage
I
sayled
aboue
the
Iland
Bermuda
otherwyse
cauled
Garza
,
The
Iland
of
Bermuda
.
beynge
the
furtheste
of
all
the
Ilandes
that
are
founde
at
thys
daye
in
the
worlde
,
and
arryuynge
there
at
the
deapthe
of
eight
yeardes
of
water
,
and
dystant
from
the
land
as
farre
as
the
shotte
of
a
piece
of
ordynaunce
,
I
determined
to
sende
sume
of
the
shyppe
to
lande
as
well
to
make
searche
of
suche
thynges
as
were
there
,
as
also
to
leaue
in
the
Ilande
certayne
hogges
for
increase
.
But
the
tyme
not
seruyng
my
purpose
by
reason
of
contrarye
wynde
,
I
could
bryng
my
shyppes
no
nearer
the
Ilande
beinge
twelue
leaques
in
lengthe
and
syxe
in
breadth
and
about
thyrty
in
circuite
,
lying
in
the
thyrtie
thre
&
degre
of
the
northe
syde
.
Whyle
I
remayned
here
,
I
sawe
a
stryfe
and
combatte
betwene
these
flyinge
fyshes
and
the
fyshes
named
gylte
heades
,
and
the
foules
cauled
seamewes
and
cormorauntes
,
whych
suerlye
seemed
vnto
me
a
thynge
of
as
greate
pleasure
and
solace
as
coulde
bee
deuysed
,
whyle
the
gylte
heades
swamme
on
the
brymme
of
the
water
and
sumtymes
lyfted
their
shulders
aboue
the
same
to
rayse
the
swymmynge
fysshes
owt
of
the
water
to
dryue
them
to
flyght
,
and
folowe
them
swymming
to
the
place
where
they
faule
to
take
and
eate
them
sodaynlye
.
Agayne
on
the
other
syde
,
the
seamewes
and
cormorantes
,
take
manye
of
these
flying
fysshes
:
so
that
by
thys
meanes
theye
are
nother
safe
in
the
ayre
nor
in
the
water
.
Not
to
hie
for
the
pye
nor
to
lowe
fro
:
the
crowe
.
In
the
selfe
same
perrell
and
daunger
doo
men
lyue
in
thys
mortall
lyfe
wherin
is
no
certayne
securytye
nether
in
hygh
estate
nor
in
lowe
.
Which
thynge
suerlye
ought
to
put
vs
in
rememberaunce
of
that
blessed
and
safe
restynge
place
whych
god
hath
prepared
for
such
as
loue
hym
,
who
shall
acquyete
and
fynyshe
the
trauayles
of
thys
troubelous
worlde
wherin
are
so
manye
daungyours
,
and
brynge
them
to
that
eternall
lyfe
where
they
shall
fynde
eternall
securytye
and
reste
.
But
to
returne
to
the
hystorye
:
these
byrdes
and
foules
whych
I
sawe
,
were
of
the
Ilande
of
Bermuda
nere
vnto
the
whych
I
sawe
these
flyinge
fysshes
.
For
they
coulde
bee
of
no
other
lande
,
forasmuche
as
they
are
not
accustomed
to
wander
farre
frome
the
coastes
where
they
are
bredde
.
¶
Of
th
increase
and
decrease
,
(
that
is
)
rysynge
and
faullynge
of
our
Ocean
sea
and
Southe
sea
caulled
the
sea
of
Sur.
I
Wyll
nowe
speake
of
certeayne
thynges
whiche
are
seene
in
the
Prouynce
,
or
at
the
leaste
in
the
citie
of
golden
Castyle
otherwyse
cauled
Beragua
,
Beragua
.
and
in
the
coastes
of
the
North
sea
and
of
the
South
sea
caulled
the
sea
of
Sur.
Not
omittyng
to
note
one
synguler
and
meruelous
thynge
which
I
haue
consydered
of
the
Ocean
sea
.
wherof
hytherto
no
cosmographer
,
pylote
or
maryner
or
any
other
haue
satisfyed
me
.
I
say
therfore
as
it
is
well
knowen
to
your
maiestye
and
all
such
as
haue
knowlege
of
the
Ocean
sea
,
that
this
greate
Ocean
casteth
from
it selfe
the
sea
Mediterraneum
by
the
mouthe
of
the
strayght
of
Gibilterra
:
in
the
which
the
water
from
th
end
and
furtheste
parte
of
that
sea
,
The
West
Ocean
.
euen
vnto
the
mouth
of
the
sayde
straight
,
eyther
in
the
East
towarde
the
coaste
commonlye
cauled
Leuante
,
or
in
any
other
parte
of
the
sayde
sea
Mediterraneum
,
The
s●a
Mediteraneum
.
the
sea
doothe
not
so
faule
nor
increase
as
reason
wolde
iudge
for
so
greate
a
sea
.
But
incresethe
verye
lyttle
and
a
smaule
space
.
Neuerthelesse
,
withoute
the
mouthe
of
the
straight
in
the
mayne
Ocean
,
it
increaseth
and
fauleth
verye
muche
and
a
great
space
of
grounde
from
syxe
houres
to
syxe
houres
,
as
in
all
the
coastes
of
Spayne
,
Britannye
,
Flanders
,
Germanye
and
England
.
The
selfe
same
Ocean
sea
in
the
fyrme
lande
newly
founde
,
in
the
coastes
of
the
same
lyynge
towarde
the
Northe
,
dothe
neyther
ryse
nor
faule
,
nor
lykewise
in
the
Ilandes
of
Hispaniola
and
Cuba
and
all
the
other
Ilandes
of
the
same
sea
lyinge
towarde
the
northe
,
Hispaniola
.
Cuba
.
for
the
space
of
thre
thousande
leaques
,
but
onelye
in
lyke
maner
as
doothe
the
sea
Mediterr●neum
in
Italye
:
whiche
is
in
maner
nothynge
in
respecte
to
that
increase
and
decrease
whiche
the
sayde
Ocean
hath
in
the
coastes
of
Spayne
and
Flaunders
.
But
this
is
yet
a
greater
thynge
,
that
also
the
selfe
same
Ocean
in
the
coastes
of
the
sayde
fyrme
lande
lyinge
toward●
the
Southe
in
the
citie
of
Panama
,
and
also
in
the
coaste
of
that
lande
whiche
lyethe
towarde
the
Easte
and
Weste
frome
that
citie
,
as
in
the
Ilande
of
pearles
or
Margaritea
whiche
the
Indians
caule
Tarrarequi
,
and
also
in
Taboga
and
Otoque
,
and
in
all
other
Ilandes
of
the
southe
sea
of
Sur
,
the
water
ryseth
and
fauleth
so
much
,
that
when
it
fauleth
it
goth
in
maner
owt
of
syghte
,
which
thynge
I
my selfe
haue
seene
oftentymes
.
And
here
youre
maiestie
may
note
an
other
thynge
,
that
from
the
northe
sea
to
the
southe
sea
beynge
of
suche
dyffer●nce
the
one
from
the
other
in
rysynge
and
faulynge
,
The
South
sea
.
yet
is
the
lande
that
deuydeth
theym
not
paste
eyghteene
or
twentye
leaques
in
breadthe
frome
coaste
to
coaste
.
So
that
bothe
the
sayde
seas
beynge
all
one
Ocean
this
straunge
effecte
is
a
thynge
worthy
greately
to
bee
considered
of
al
suche
as
haue
inclination
and
desyre
to
knowe
the
secreate
woorkes
of
nature
wherin
the
infinite
powre
and
wysedome
of
god
is
seene
to
bee
such
as
may
allure
all
good
natures
to
reuerence
and
loue
so
diuine
a
maiestie
.
The
power
and
w●sdome
of
god
is
sene
in
his
creatures
.
And
wheras
by
the
demonstrations
of
lerned
men
I
am
not
satisfyed
of
the
natural
cause
hereof
,
I
content
my selfe
to
knowe
and
beleue
that
he
which
hathe
made
these
thynges
,
dooth
knowe
this
and
many
other
whiche
he
hath
not
granted
to
the
reason
of
man
to
comprehend
,
much
lesse
to
so
base
a
wyt
as
myne
is
.
They
therefore
that
are
of
greater
vnderstandynge
,
shall
searche
the
cause
hereof
,
for
them
and
for
me
,
forasmuch
as
I
ha●e
onely
put
the
matter
in
question
as
a
wytnesse
that
haue
seene
th
experience
of
the
thynge
.
¶
Of
the
strayght
or
narowe
passage
of
the
lande
lyinge
betwene
the
North
and
South
sea
,
by
the
whiche
spyces
way
much
sooner
and
easlyer
be
brought
from
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
into
Spayne
by
the
West
Ocean
then
by
that
way
wherby
the
Portugales
sayle
into
East
India
.
IT
hath
byn
an
opinion
amonge
the
Cosmographers
and
Pylottes
of
late
tyme
,
and
other
which
haue
had
practise
in
thynges
touchynge
the
sea
,
that
there
shulde
bee
a
straygh●
of
water
passynge
from
the
North
sea
of
the
firme
,
in
to
the
South
sea
of
Sur
,
whiche
neuerthelesse
hath
not
byn
seene
nor
founde
to
this
daye
.
And
suerlye
yf
there
be
any
suche
strayght
▪
we
that
inhabite
those
partes
do
thynke
the
same
shulde
bee
rather
of
lande
than
of
water
.
For
the
fyrme
lande
in
sum
partes
therof
is
so
strayght
and
narrowe
that
the
Indyans
saye
that
frome
the
mountaynes
of
the
prouynce
of
Esquegua
or
Vrraca
,
Esquegua
and
vrrace
.
(
whych
are
betwene
the
one
sea
and
the
other
)
If
a
man
assend
to
the
toppe
of
the
mountaynes
and
looke
towarde
the
Northe
,
he
maye
see
the
water
of
the
North
sea
of
the
Prouynce
of
Beragua
.
And
ageyne
lookynge
the
contrarye
waye
,
may
on
the
other
syde
towarde
the
Southe
,
see
the
sea
of
Sur
and
the
prouynces
whyche
confyne
with
it
,
as
doo
the
territoryes
of
the
twoo
Lordes
or
kynges
of
the
sayde
prouinces
of
Vrraca
and
Esquegua
.
And
I
beleue
that
if
it
bee
as
the
Indyans
saye
,
of
al
that
is
hetherto
knowen
,
this
is
the
narowest
strayght
of
the
fyrme
lande
,
whiche
sume
affyrme
to
bee
full
of
rough
mountaynes
.
Yet
doo
I
not
take
it
for
a
better
waye
,
or
so
shorte
as
is
that
whyche
is
made
from
the
porte
cauled
Nomen
dei
(
whiche
is
in
the
Northe
sea
)
vnto
the
newe
citye
of
Panama
beynge
in
the
coaste
and
on
the
banke
of
the
sea
of
Sur.
Nomen
De●
.
Panama
.
Whiche
waye
is
likewyse
very
rough
ful
of
thicke
wods
,
mountaines
,
ryuers
,
valleys
,
and
verye
diffyculte
to
passe
through
,
and
can
not
bee
doone
withowt
greate
laboure
and
trauayle
.
Sum
measure
this
waye
in
this
part
,
to
bee
from
sea
to
sea
.xviii.
leaques
,
whych
I
suppose
to
bee
rather
.xx.
not
for
that
it
is
any
more
by
measure
,
but
bicause
it
is
rough
and
dyffyculte
as
I
haue
sayde
,
and
as
I
haue
founde
it
by
experyence
hauynge
nowe
twyse
passed
that
way
by
foote
:
countyng
from
the
porte
and
vyllage
of
Nomen
Dei
vnto
the
dominion
of
the
Cacique
of
Iuanaga
otherwyse
cauled
Capira
.viii.
leaques
:
And
frome
thense
to
the
ryuer
of
Chagre
,
The
ryuer
of
Chagre
.
other
.viii.
leaques
.
So
that
at
this
ryuer
beinge
.xvi.
leaques
from
the
sayde
porte
,
endeth
the
roughnesse
of
the
way
.
Then
from
hense
to
the
maruelous
brydge
are
two
leaques
:
And
beyonde
that
,
other
twoo
vnto
the
port
of
Panama
:
So
that
all
togyther
in
my
iudgemente
,
make
.xx.
leaques
.
And
if
therfore
this
nauigation
may
bee
founde
in
the
South
sea
for
the
trade
of
spices
(
as
we
trust
in
God
)
to
bee
brought
from
thense
to
the
sayde
porte
of
Panama
(
as
is
possible
enough
)
they
may
afterwarde
easly
passe
to
the
Northe
sea
notwithstaddynge
the
difficultie
of
the
waye
of
the
.xx.
leaques
aforesayde
.
Whiche
thynge
I
affirme
as
a
man
well
trauayled
in
these
regions
,
hauynge
twyse
on
my
feete
passed
ouer
this
strayght
in
the
yeare
.1521
.
as
I
haue
sayde
.
It
is
furthermore
to
bee
vnderstode
,
that
it
is
a
maruelous
facilitie
to
bryng
spices
by
this
way
which
I
wil
now
declare
.
From
Panama
to
the
ryuer
of
Chagre
,
are
foure
leaques
of
good
and
fayre
way
by
the
which
cartes
may
passe
at
pleasure
by
reason
that
the
mountaynes
are
but
fewe
and
lyttle
,
and
that
the
greateste
parte
of
these
foure
leaques
is
a
playne
grounde
voyde
of
trees
.
And
when
the
cartes
are
coomme
to
the
sayde
ryuer
,
the
spices
may
bee
caryed
in
barkes
and
pinnesses
.
For
this
ryuer
entereth
into
the
North
sea
fyue
or
.vi
leaques
lower
then
the
port
of
Nomen
dei
,
and
emptieth
it selfe
in
the
sea
nere
vnto
an
Ilande
cauled
Bastimento
,
The
Ilande
Bastimento
.
where
is
a
very
good
and
safe
port
.
Yowr
maiestie
may
now
therfore
consyder
howe
great
a
thynge
and
what
commoditie
it
maye
bee
to
conuey
spices
this
way
,
forasmuch
as
the
ryuer
of
Chagre
hauyng
his
originall
only
two
leaques
from
the
South
sea
,
contineweth
his
course
&
emptieth
it selfe
into
the
other
North
sea
.
This
ryuer
runneth
fast
and
is
very
greate
,
and
so
commodious
for
this
purpose
as
may
be
thowght
or
desyred
.
The
marueilous
bridge
made
by
the
worke
of
nature
,
The
maruelous
bridge
.
being
two
leaques
beyonde
the
sayd
ryuer
,
and
other
twoo
leaques
on
this
syde
the
porte
of
Panama
,
so
lyinge
in
the
mydde
way
betwene
them
both
,
is
framed
naturally
in
such
sort
that
none
which
passe
by
this
viage
see
any
such
bridge
or
thynke
that
there
is
any
such
buyldyng
in
that
place
vntyll
they
bee
in
the
toppe
therof
in
the
way
toward
Panama
.
But
as
soone
as
they
are
on
the
brydge
,
lookynge
towarde
the
ryght
hande
,
they
see
a
lyttle
ryuer
vnder
them
which
hath
his
chanell
distante
from
the
feete
of
them
that
walke
ouer
it
,
the
space
of
twoo
speares
length
or
more
.
The
water
of
this
ryuer
is
very
shalowe
,
not
passyng
the
depth
of
a
mans
legge
to
the
knee
:
and
is
in
breadth
be●wene
thyrtie
and
fortie
pases
:
and
faulethe
into
the
ryuer
of
Chagre
.
Towarde
the
ryght
hand
standyng
on
this
brydge
,
there
is
nothyng
seene
but
great
trees
.
The
largenesse
of
the
brydge
,
conteyneth
.xv.
pases
:
and
the
l●ngth
●herof
about
threescore
or
fourescore
pases
.
The
arche
is
so
made
of
moste
harde
stone
,
that
no
man
can
beholde
it
without
admiration
,
beinge
made
by
the
hyghe
and
omnipotent
creatour
of
all
thynges
.
But
to
returne
to
speake
sumwhat
more
of
the
conueying
of
spices
,
I
say
that
when
it
shal
please
almyghty
god
that
this
nauigation
aforesayde
shal
bee
founde
by
the
good
fortune
of
yowre
maiestie
,
and
that
the
spices
of
the
Ilandes
of
the
South
sea
(
which
may
also
bee
otherwyse
cauled
the
Ocean
of
the
East
India
in
the
whiche
are
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
)
shal
be
browght
to
the
sayd
coaste
and
the
porte
of
Panama
,
The
Ilandes
of
Molucca
.
and
bee
conueyed
from
thense
(
as
we
haue
sayde
)
by
the
firme
lande
with
cartes
vnto
the
ryuer
of
Chagre
,
and
from
thense
into
this
owr
other
sea
of
the
North
,
from
whense
they
may
afterward
bee
browght
into
Spayne
,
I
say
that
by
this
meanes
the
vyage
shall
bee
shortened
more
then
seuen
thousande
leaques
,
The
commoditie
of
this
viage
.
with
muche
lesse
daunger
then
is
by
the
viage
nowe
vsed
by
the
way
of
Commendator
of
Aysa
capitayne
vnder
yowre
maiestie
,
who
this
present
yeare
attempted
a
vyage
to
the
place
of
the
sayde
spyces
.
And
not
only
the
way
is
thus
much
shortened
,
but
also
a
thyrde
parte
of
the
tyme
is
abbreuiate
.
To
conclude
therfore
,
if
any
had
hetherto
attempted
this
vyage
by
the
sea
of
Sur
,
to
seeke
the
Ilandes
of
spyces
,
I
am
of
firme
opinion
that
they
shuld
haue
byn
founde
longe
sence
,
as
doubtelesse
they
maye
bee
by
the
reasons
of
Cosmographie
.
¶
Howe
thynges
that
are
of
one
kynde
,
dyffer
in
forme
and
qualitie
,
accordynge
to
the
nature
of
the
place
where
they
are
engendred
or
growe
.
And
of
the
beastes
cauled
Tygers
.
IN
the
firme
lande
are
fownde
many
terryble
beastes
which
sum
thinke
to
be
Tigers
.
Tigers
.
Which
thynge
neuerthelesse
,
I
dare
not
affirme
,
consyderynge
what
auctoures
doo
wryte
of
the
lyghtnes
and
agilitie
of
the
Tyger
,
whereas
this
beast
beynge
other
wyse
in
shape
very
like
vnto
a
Tyger
,
is
notwithstandynge
very
slowe
.
Yet
trewe
it
is
,
that
accordynge
to
the
maruayles
of
the
worlde
and
differences
which
naturall
thynges
haue
in
dyuers
regions
vnder
heauen
and
dyuers
constellations
of
the
same
vnder
the
whiche
they
are
created
,
wee
see
that
sum
suche
plantes
and
herbes
as
are
hurtfull
in
one
countrey
,
Plantes
and
herbes
.
are
harmelesse
and
holsome
in
other
regions
.
And
byrdes
which
in
one
prouince
are
of
good
taste
,
Birdes
.
are
in
other
so
vnsauery
that
they
may
not
bee
eaten
.
Men
likewyse
which
in
sum
countreys
are
blacke
,
are
in
other
places
whyte
:
and
yet
are
both
these
and
they
men
.
Men.
Euen
so
may
it
bee
that
Tygers
are
lyght
in
sum
region
as
they
wryte
,
and
maye
neuerthelesse
bee
slowe
and
heauy
in
these
Indies
of
yowr
maiestie
wherof
we
speake
.
The
sheepe
of
Arabie
drawe
theyr
tayles
longe
and
bigge
on
the
ground
,
Sheepe
.
and
the
bulles
of
Egypt
haue
theyr
heare
growynge
towarde
theyr
headdes
:
yet
are
those
sheepe
and
these
bulles
.
Bulles
.
Men
in
sum
countreys
are
hardy
and
of
good
courage
,
and
in
other
naturally
fearefull
and
brutyshe
.
All
these
thynges
and
many
more
which
may
bee
sayde
to
this
purpose
,
are
easy
to
bee
proued
and
woorthy
to
bee
beleued
of
suche
as
haue
redde
of
the
lyke
in
autours
or
trauayled
the
worlde
,
whereby
theyr
owne
syght
may
teache
theym
th
experience
of
these
thynges
wherof
I
speake
.
It
is
also
manifest
,
that
Iucea
wherof
they
make
theyr
breade
in
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
,
Iucea
.
is
deadely
poyson
yf
it
bee
eaten
greene
with
the
iuse
:
And
yet
hathe
it
no
suche
propertie
in
the
firme
land
where
I
haue
eaten
it
many
times
&
founde
it
to
bee
a
good
frute
.
The
bats
of
Spayne
although
they
bite
,
Battes
.
yet
are
they
not
venemous
.
But
in
the
firme
lande
many
dye
that
are
bytten
of
them
.
And
in
this
fourme
may
so
many
thynges
bee
sayde
that
tyme
shall
not
suffice
to
wryte
,
wheras
my
intent
is
only
to
proue
that
this
beast
may
be
a
Tiger
or
of
the
kind
of
Tigers
although
it
be
not
of
such
lyghtnesse
and
swiftnes
as
are
they
wherof
Plinie
and
other
autours
speake
,
Plinie
.
discrybynge
it
to
bee
one
of
the
swyftesse
beastes
of
the
lande
,
and
that
the
ryuer
of
Tigris
for
the
swift
course
therof
was
cauled
by
that
name
.
The
first
Spaniardes
which
sawe
this
Tyger
in
the
firme
lande
,
dyd
so
name
it
.
Of
the
kynde
of
these
was
that
which
Don
Diego
Columbo
the
Admirall
sent
yowre
maiestie
owte
of
newe
Spayne
to
Toledo
.
the
Tiger
.
Theyr
heades
are
lyke
to
the
heades
of
Lyons
or
Lionesses
,
but
greater
.
The
reste
of
all
theyr
boddies
and
theyr
legges
,
are
full
of
blacke
spottes
one
nere
vnto
an
other
and
diuided
with
a
circumference
or
frynge
of
redde
colour
shewinge
as
it
were
a
fayre
woorke
and
correspondent
picture
.
Abowt
theyr
croopes
or
hynder
partes
,
they
haue
these
spots
bydgest
:
and
lesse
and
lesse
towarde
theyr
bellies
,
legges
,
and
headdes
.
That
which
was
brought
to
Toledo
,
was
younge
and
but
lyttle
,
and
by
my
estimation
,
of
th
age
of
three
yeares
But
in
the
firme
lande
there
are
many
founde
of
greater
quantitie
.
For
I
haue
seene
sum
of
three
spannes
in
heyght
,
and
more
then
fyue
in
length
.
They
are
beastes
of
greate
force
,
with
stronge
legges
,
and
well
armed
with
nayles
and
fanges
which
we
caule
dogge
teeth
.
They
are
so
fierce
that
in
my
iudgement
no
reall
lyon
of
the
byggest
sorte
is
so
stronge
or
fierce
.
Of
these
,
there
are
many
founde
in
the
firme
land
whiche
deuour
many
of
the
Indians
&
do
much
hurte
otherwyse
.
But
syns
the
comming
of
the
Christians
,
many
haue
byn
kyld
with
Crossebowes
after
this
maner
.
As
soone
as
the
archer
hath
knowlege
of
the
haunt
of
any
of
these
Tygers
,
The
huntyng
of
tigers
.
he
gothe
searchynge
theyr
trase
with
his
crossebowe
and
with
a
lyttle
hounde
or
bewgle
and
not
with
a
greehounde
,
bycause
this
beast
wolde
soone
kyll
any
dogge
that
wolde
venter
on
hym
.
When
the
hounde
hath
founde
the
Tyger
,
he
runneth
about
hym
bayinge
continually
,
and
approcheth
so
neare
hym
snappynge
and
grynnynge
with
so
quicke
flyinge
and
returnyng
,
that
he
hereby
so
molesteth
this
fierce
beaste
that
he
dryuethe
hym
to
take
the
next
tree
,
at
the
foote
whereof
he
remayneth
styl
baying
and
the
Tyger
grynnyng
and
shewyng
his
teeth
,
whyle
in
the
meane
tyme
the
archer
commeth
neare
,
and
.xii.
or
.xiiii.
pases
of
,
stryketh
hym
with
the
querel
of
his
crossebowe
in
the
breste
,
and
flyeth
incontinent
,
leauynge
the
Tyger
in
his
trauayle
for
lyfe
and
death
,
bytynge
the
tree
and
eatynge
earth
for
fi●rcenesse
.
Then
within
the
space
of
twoo
or
three
houres
or
the
day
folowynge
,
the
archer
returneth
thyther
,
and
with
his
dogge
fyndeth
the
place
where
he
lyethe
deade
.
In
the
yeare
,
1522.
I
with
the
other
rulers
&
magistrates
of
the
citie
of
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
in
Dariena
,
toke
order
in
owr
counsayle
,
A
rewarde
of
foure
or
fyue
pieces
of
golde
to
bee
giuen
to
euery
man
that
kylde
any
of
these
Tygers
:
A
reward
for
kyllinge
of
●igers
.
by
reason
wherof
many
were
kylde
in
shorte
space
both
with
crossebowes
and
also
with
dyuers
snares
and
ingens
.
But
to
conclude
,
I
wyll
not
obstynately
stand
in
opinyon
whether
these
beastes
bee
Tygers
or
Panthers
,
or
of
the
number
of
any
other
such
beastes
of
spotted
heare
,
or
also
peraduenture
sum
other
newe
beaste
vnknowen
to
the
owlde
wryters
as
were
many
other
wherof
I
haue
spoken
in
this
booke
.
Of
which
thynge
,
I
doo
not
greately
meruayle
,
For
asmuche
as
vnto
owre
tyme
thys
greate
parte
of
the
worlde
was
vnknowen
to
the
antiquitie
:
In
so
muche
that
none
of
the
wryters
of
that
age
,
nor
yet
Ptolomie
in
his
Cosmographie
,
or
any
other
sence
hym
,
haue
made
any
mention
herof
,
vntill
the
fyrst
Admyrall
Don
Chrystopher
Colonus
discouered
the
same
.
A
thynge
doutelesse
without
comparyson
muche
greater
then
that
whyche
is
sayd
of
Hercules
,
Colocus
compared
to
Hercules
.
that
he
fyrste
gaue
th
enterance
of
the
sea
Mediterraneum
into
the
O●ean
,
The
pillers
of
hercules
.
whiche
the
Grekes
coulde
neuer
doo
before
hym
.
And
herof
rysethe
the
fable
that
the
mountaynes
of
Calpe
and
Abila
(
which
are
directly
one
agaynst
an
other
in
the
strayght
of
Gibilterra
,
the
straightes
of
Gibilterra
.
the
one
beyng
in
Spayne
and
the
other
in
Affryke
)
were
ioyned
togither
before
they
were
opened
by
Hercules
,
Note
.
who
erected
those
hys
pyllers
whiche
your
maiestye
gyue
in
token
of
prehemynence
and
lyke
enterpryses
with
lykewyse
these
hys
wordes
PLVS
VLTRA
:
PLVS
VLTRA
.
wordes
doutelesse
worthy
for
so
greate
an
vnyuersall
an
Emperoure
,
and
not
conuenyent
for
any
other
Prynce
.
howe
farre
Themperou●
maiestie
excelleth
hercules
.
Forasmuche
as
your
holy
Catholyke
Maiestye
haue
spredde
them
in
so
straunge
and
remote
regyons
,
so
manye
thousande
leaques
further
than
euer
dyd
Hercules
.
And
certeynlye
syr
,
If
there
had
byn
an
Image
of
golde
made
in
the
prayse
and
fame
of
Colonus
,
He
had
as
well
deserued
it
as
any
of
those
men
to
whom
for
theyr
noble
enterpryse
the
antiquytie
gaue
deuyne
honoure
,
if
he
had
byn
in
their
tyme
.
But
to
returne
to
the
matter
whereof
I
began
to
speake
:
I
neede
say
no
more
of
the
forme
of
thys
beaste
,
for
as
muche
as
your
Maiestye
haue
seene
that
whych
is
yet
alyue
in
Tolledo
.
And
suerly
the
keper
of
your
Maiesties
lyons
,
who
hath
taken
vppon
hym
the
charge
to
tame
this
beaste
,
myght
better
haue
bestowed
his
paynes
in
an
other
thynge
that
myght
haue
bynne
more
profitable
for
the
safegarde
of
his
lyfe
bycause
this
Tyger
beinge
yet
but
younge
,
wyl
dayly
bee
stronger
and
fiercer
and
increase
in
malyce
.
The
Indians
(
and
especially
they
of
the
firme
lande
in
the
prouince
whiche
the
Catholyke
Kynge
Don
Ferdinando
commaunded
to
bee
cauled
golden
Castyle
)
caule
this
beaste
Oobi
.
This
thinge
is
straunge
that
chaunced
of
late
:
that
wheras
the
Tiger
wherof
we
haue
made
mention
before
,
A
tiger
made
●ame
.
wolde
haue
kylde
his
kee●●●
that
then
kept
hym
in
a
cage
,
was
in
fewe
dayes
after
made
so
tame
that
he
ledde
her
tyed
only
with
a
smaule
corde
and
playde
with
her
so
familyarly
that
I
maruayled
greatly
to
see
it
,
yet
not
without
certeyne
belefe
that
this
frendshyp
wyll
not
laste
longe
without
daunger
of
lyfe
to
the
keeper
,
forasmuch
as
suerly
these
beastes
are
not
meete
to
bee
amonge
men
for
theyr
fiercenes
and
cruell
nature
that
can
not
bee
tamed
.
❧
Of
the
maners
and
customes
of
the
Indians
of
the
firme
lande
,
and
of
theyr
women
.
THe
maners
and
customes
of
these
Indians
,
are
dyuers
in
diuers
prouinces
.
Sum
of
them
take
as
many
wyues
as
them
lyste
,
and
other
lyue
with
one
wyfe
whome
they
forsake
not
without
consent
of
both
parties
,
which
chauncethe
especially
when
they
haue
no
chyldren
.
The
Indian
women
.
The
nobilitie
aswel
men
as
women
,
repute
it
infamous
to
ioyne
with
any
of
base
parentage
or
strangers
,
except
Christians
,
whom
they
count
noble
men
by
reason
of
theyr
valientnes
,
although
they
put
a
difference
betwene
the
common
sorte
and
the
other
to
whom
they
shewe
obedience
,
countynge
it
for
a
great
matter
and
an
honorable
thyng
yf
they
bee
beloued
of
any
of
them
.
In
so
much
that
yf
they
knowe
any
Christian
man
carna●ly
,
they
keepe
theyr
fayth
to
hym
,
so
that
he
bee
not
longe
absent
farre
from
them
.
For
theyr
intent
is
not
to
bee
widowes
or
to
lyue
chast
lyke
religious
women
.
Many
of
theym
haue
this
custome
,
that
when
they
perceaue
●hat
they
are
with
chylde
,
they
take
an
herbe
wherwith
they
destroy
that
is
conceaued
.
For
they
say
that
only
wel
aged
women
shulde
beare
chyldren
,
and
that
they
wyl
not
forbeare
theyr
pleasures
and
deforme
theyr
boddies
with
bearynge
of
chyldren
,
wherby
theyr
teates
becoome
loose
and
hangynge
which
thynge
they
greatly
disprayse
.
When
they
are
delyuered
of
theyr
chyldren
they
go
to
the
ryuer
and
washe
them
.
Whiche
doone
,
theyr
bludde
and
purgation
ceaseth
immediatly
.
And
when
after
this
they
haue
a
few
days
absteyned
from
the
company
of
men
,
they
becomme
so
strayght
as
they
say
which
haue
had
carnall
familiaritie
with
them
,
that
such
as
vse
them
,
can
not
without
much
difficultie
satis●ie
theyr
appetite
,
They
also
whiche
neuer
had
chyldren
,
are
euer
as
byrgins
.
The
men
of
India
.
In
sum
partes
they
weare
certeyne
lyttle
apernes
rounde
about
them
before
and
behy●de
as
lowe
as
to
theyr
knees
and
hammes
,
wherwith
they
couer
theyr
priuie
partes
,
and
are
naked
all
theyr
boddie
bysyde
.
The
principal
men
beare
theyr
priuities
in
a
holowe
pype
of
golde
:
but
the
common
sorte
haue
theym
inclosed
in
the
shelles
of
certeyne
great
welkes
,
and
are
bysyde
vtterly
naked
.
For
they
thynke
it
no
more
shame
to
haue
theyr
cods
seene
then
any
other
parte
of
theyr
boddies
.
And
in
many
prouinces
bothe
the
men
and
women
go
vtterly
naked
without
any
such
couerture
at
al.
In
the
prouince
of
Cueua
they
caul
a
man
Chuy
,
and
a
woman
Ira
:
which
name
is
not
greately
disagreeable
to
many
both
of
theyr
women
and
of
owres
.
These
Indians
gyue
great
honour
and
reuerence
to
theyr
Cacique
(
that
is
)
theyr
kynges
and
rulers
.
The
principall
Cacique
,
The
kynge
is
borne
on
mens
b●ckes
.
hath
twelue
of
his
most
stronge
Indians
appoynted
to
beare
hym
when
he
remoueth
to
any
place
,
or
gothe
abrod
for
his
pleasure
.
Two
of
them
cary
hym
syttyng
vppon
a
longe
piece
of
woodde
which
is
naturally
as
lyght
as
they
can
fynd
The
other
tenne
folowe
nexte
vnto
hym
as
foote
men
.
They
keepe
continually
a
trottynge
pase
with
hym
on
theyr
shulders
.
When
the
twoo
that
cary
hym
are
wery
,
other
twoo
coomme
in
theyr
places
without
any
disturbance
or
stey
.
And
thus
if
the
way
bee
playne
,
they
cary
hym
in
this
maner
for
the
space
of
.xv.
or
.xx.
leaques
in
one
day
.
The
Indians
that
are
assigned
to
this
office
,
are
for
the
moste
parte
slaues
or
Naboriti
,
that
is
,
such
as
are
bounde
to
continuall
seruice
.
I
haue
also
noted
that
when
the
Indians
perceaue
them selues
to
bee
troubled
with
to
much
bludde
,
Lettinge
of
bludde
.
they
lette
theym selues
blud
in
the
calfes
of
theyr
legges
&
brawnes
of
theyr
armes
,
This
doo
they
with
a
very
sharpe
stone
,
and
sumtymes
with
the
smaule
toothe
of
a
vyper
,
or
with
a
sharpe
reede
or
thorne
All
the
Indians
are
commonly
without
beardes
:
They
haue
no
beardes
.
In
so
much
that
it
is
in
maner
a
maruayle
to
see
any
of
them
eyther
men
or
women
to
haue
any
downe
or
heare
on
theyr
faces
or
other
partes
of
theyr
boddies
.
Albeit
,
I
sawe
the
Cacique
of
the
prouince
of
Catarapa
who
had
heare
on
his
face
and
other
partes
of
his
boddie
,
as
had
also
his
wyfe
in
suche
places
as
women
are
accustomed
to
haue
.
They
paynte
theyr
bodies
.
This
Cacique
had
a
great
part
of
his
body
paynted
with
a
blacke
colour
which
neuer
fadeth
:
And
is
much
lyke
vnto
that
wherwith
the
Mores
paynt
them
selues
in
Barberie
in
token
of
nobilitie
.
But
the
Moores
are
paynted
specially
on
theyr
vysage
and
throte
and
certeyne
other
partes
.
Likewyse
the
principall
Indians
vse
these
payntynges
on
theyr
armes
and
brestes
,
but
not
on
theyr
vysages
,
bycause
amonge
them
the
slaues
are
so
marked
.
When
the
Indians
of
certeyne
prouinces
go
to
the
battayle
(
especially
the
Caniball
archers
)
they
cary
certeyne
shelles
of
greate
welkes
of
the
sea
which
they
blowe
and
make
therwith
great
sounde
muche
lyke
the
noyse
of
hornes
.
The
Canibales
.
They
carye
also
certeyne
tymbrels
which
they
vse
in
the
steade
of
drummes
.
Also
very
fayre
plumes
of
fethers
,
and
certeyne
armure
of
golde
:
Armure
of
golde
.
especially
great
and
rounde
pieces
on
theyr
●restes
,
and
splintes
on
there
armes
.
Lykewyse
other
pieces
whiche
they
put
on
theyr
heades
and
other
partes
of
theyr
bodyes
.
Their
galantnes
in
the
warres
.
For
they
esteeme
nothynge
so
much
as
to
appeare
galante
in
the
wars
,
and
to
go
in
most
coomely
order
that
they
can
deuyse
,
glysterynge
with
precious
stones
,
iewelles
,
golde
,
and
fethers
.
Of
the
leaste
of
these
welkes
or
perewincles
,
they
make
certeyne
lyttle
beades
of
diuers
sortes
and
colours
.
They
make
also
little
brass●lets
whiche
they
mengle
with
gaud●es
of
golde
.
Their
Iuell●
These
they
rowle
about
there
armes
frome
the
elbowe
to
the
wreste
of
the
hande
.
The
lyke
also
doo
they
on
theyr
legges
from
the
knee
to
the
soles
of
theyr
feete
in
token
of
nobilitie
.
Especially
theyr
noble
women
in
dyuers
prouinces
are
accustomed
to
weare
such
Iewelles
,
and
haue
theyr
neckes
in
maner
laden
therwith
.
These
beades
and
Iewels
and
such
other
trynkettes
,
they
caule
Caqu●ras
.
Bisyde
these
also
,
they
weare
certeyne
rynges
of
golde
at
theyr
cares
and
nostrelles
which
they
bore
ful
of
holes
on
both
sides
,
so
that
the
ringes
hange
vppon
theyr
lyppes
.
Sum
of
these
Indians
,
are
poulde
and
rounded
.
Albe●t
,
commonly
both
the
men
and
women
take
it
for
a
decent
thynge
to
weare
longe
heare
,
which
the
women
weare
to
the
myddest
of
theyr
shulders
and
cut
it
equally
,
especially
aboue
theyr
browes
.
This
doo
they
with
certeyne
harde
stones
which
they
keepe
for
the
same
purpose
.
The
principall
women
when
theyr
teates
faule
or
becoome
loose
,
beare
them
vp
with
hartes
of
golde
of
the
length
of
a●spanne
and
a
halfe
,
howe
the
women
beare
vp
their
s●a●es
,
wy●h
barres
of
golde
.
wel
wrought
,
and
of
such
byggenesse
that
sum
of
them
way
more
then
two
hundreth
Castilians
or
ducades
of
golde
.
These
barres
haue
holes
at
both
th
endes
,
whereat
they
tye
two
smaul
cordes
made
of
cotton
at
euery
ende
of
the
barres
.
One
of
these
cordes
goth
ouer
the
shulder
,
and
the
other
vnder
the
arme
holes
where
they
tye
both
togyther
,
so
that
by
th●s
meanes
the
barre
beareth
vp
theyr
teates
.
Sum
of
these
chiefe
women
go
to
the
battayle
with
theyr
husbandes
,
or
when
they
themselues
are
regentes
in
any
prouinces
,
in
the
which
they
haue
all
thynges
a●
commaundement
and
execute
th
office
of
generall
capitaynes
,
and
cause
them selues
to
bee
caryed
on
mens
backes
in
lyke
maner
as
doo
the
Caciques
of
whom
I
haue
spoken
before
.
These
Indians
of
the
firme
lande
are
muche
of
the
same
stature
and
coloure
as
are
they
of
the
Ilandes
.
The
stature
&
coloure
of
the
Indians
.
They
are
for
the
most
part
of
the
colour
of
an
olyue
.
If
there
bee
any
other
difference
,
it
is
more
in
byggenesse
then
otherwyse
.
And
especially
they
that
are
cauled
Coronati
are
stronger
and
bygger
then
any
other
that
I
haue
seene
in
these
parties
,
The
Indians
cauled
Coronati
.
except
those
of
the
Ilande
of
giantes
whiche
are
on
the
south
syde
of
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
:
The
Ilande
of
giantes
.
nere
vnto
the
coastes
of
the
firme
lande
:
And
lykewyse
certeyne
other
which
they
caule
Yucatos
which
are
on
the
north
syde
.
Iucato●
.
All
which
chiefely
,
although
they
bee
no
giantes
,
yet
are
they
doubtelesse
the
byggeste
of
the
Indyans
that
are
knowen
to
this
day
,
and
commonly
bygger
then
the
Flemynges
:
and
especially
many
of
them
aswell
women
as
men
,
are
of
very
hyghe
stature
,
and
are
all
archiers
bothe
men
and
women
.
These
Coronati
inhabite
thirtie
leaques
in
length
by
these
coastes
from
the
poynt
of
Canoa
to
the
greate
ryuer
which
they
caule
Guadalchibir
nere
vnto
Sancta
Maria
de
gratia
.
As
I
trauersed
by
those
coastes
,
I
fylled
a
butte
of
freshe
water
of
that
ryuer
syxe
leaques
in
the
sea
frome
the
mouthe
therof
where
it
fauleth
into
the
sea
.
They
are
cauled
Coronati
(
that
is
crowned
)
bycause
theyr
heare
is
cutte
round
by
theyr
rares
,
and
poulde
lower
a
great
compase
abowte
the
crowne
much
lyke
the
fryers
of
saynt
Augustines
order
.
And
bycause
I
haue
spoken
of
theyr
maner
of
wearynge
theyr
heare
,
here
commeth
to
my
rememberaunce
a
thynge
which
I
haue
oftentymes
noted
in
these
Indians
.
And
this
is
,
that
they
haue
the
bones
of
the
sculles
of
theyr
heades
foure
tymes
thycker
and
much
stronger
then
owres
.
The
sculles
of
the
Indians
heades
.
So
that
in
comm●ng
to
hand
strokes
with
them
,
it
shal
be
requisite
not
to
strike
them
on
the
heades
with
swoordes
.
For
so
haue
many
swoordes
bynne
broken
on
theyr
heades
with
lyttle
hurt
doone
.
And
to
haue
sayde
thus
much
of
theyr
customes
and
maners
,
it
shal
suffice
for
this
tyme
,
bycause
I
haue
more
largely
intreated
herof
in
my
generall
hystorie
of
the
Indies
.
Yet
haue
I
nother
there
nor
here
spoken
much
of
that
parte
of
the
firme
lande
whiche
is
cauled
Noua
Hispania
(
that
is
,
newe
Spayne
whereof
the
Ilande
of
Iucatana
is
part
)
forasmuche
as
Ferdinando
Cortese
hath
wrytten
a
large
booke
thereof
.
New
Spaine
.
Of
the
houses
of
these
Indians
,
The
house●
of
the
Christians
in
India
I
haue
spoken
sufficiently
elswhere
.
Yet
haue
I
thought
good
to
informe
yowr
maiestie
of
the
buyldynge
and
houses
which
the
Christians
haue
made
in
dyuers
places
in
the
firme
lande
.
They
buylde
them
nowe
therfore
with
two
solars
or
loftes
,
and
with
loopes
and
wyndowes
to
open
and
shutte
.
Also
with
stronge
tymber
and
very
fayre
bordes
.
In
suche
sorte
that
any
noble
man
maye
wel
and
pleasauntly
bee
lodged
in
sum
of
them
.
And
amonge
other
,
I
my selfe
caused
one
to
bee
builded
in
the
citie
of
Sancta
Maria
Antiqua
in
Dariena
whiche
coste
me
more
then
a
thousande
and
fyue
hundreth
Castelians
:
Darien●
.
being
of
such
sort
that
I
may
well
interteyne
and
commodiously
lodge
,
any
Lorde
or
noble
man
,
reseruynge
also
a
parte
for
my selfe
and
my
famelie
.
For
in
this
may
many
householdes
bee
kepte
both
aboue
and
benethe
.
It
hath
also
a
fayre
garden
with
many
orange
trees
bothe
sweete
and
sowre
:
Ceders
also
,
and
Lemondes
,
Garde●●
.
of
the
which
there
is
nowe
great
plentie
in
the
houses
of
the
Chrystians
.
On
one
syde
of
the
gardeyne
,
there
runneth
a
fayre
ryuer
.
The
situation
is
very
pleasaunte
,
with
a
good
and
holsome
ayer
,
and
a
fayre
prospecte
abowte
the
ryuer
.
In
fine
,
owre
truste
is
that
in
fewe
yeares
al
thynges
in
these
regions
shall
growe
to
a
better
state
accordynge
to
the
holy
intention
of
yowre
maiestie
.
Of
the
chiefe
Ilandes
Hispaniola
and
Cuba
.
THe
Indians
which
at
this
present
inhabite
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
,
are
but
fewe
in
number
,
and
the
Chrystyans
not
so
many
as
they
ought
to
bee
forasmuche
as
many
of
them
that
were
in
this
Ilande
,
are
gonne
to
other
Ilandes
and
to
the
fyrme
lande
.
For
beynge
for
the
moste
parte
younge
men
vnmaried
,
and
desirous
dayly
to
see
newe
things
wherin
mans
nature
deliteth
,
Men
are
desirous
of
newe
thinges
.
they
were
not
willinge
to
continewe
longe
in
on
place
:
especially
seeing
dailie
other
newe
landes
discouered
where
they
thowght
theye
might
sooner
fylle
there
purses
by
beinge
present
at
the
firste
spoyle
.
Wherin
neuerthelesse
their
hope
deceaued
many
of
them
,
and
especially
suche
as
bad
houses
and
habitations
in
●hys
Ilande
,
For
I
certeynly
beleue
,
confyrmynge
my selfe
herein
with
the
Iudgement
of
many
other
,
that
if
any
one
Prynce
had
no
more
signiores
then
only
this
Ilande
,
it
shuld
in
shorte
tyme
bee
suche
as
not
to
giue
place
eyther
to
Sicilie
or
Englande
:
The
commodities
of
hispaniola-Englande
and
Sicilie
.
wheras
euen
at
this
present
there
is
nothynge
wherefore
it
shulde
malice
their
prosperitie
not
beinge
inferioure
to
them
in
any
filicite
that
in
maner
the
heauens
can
graunte
to
any
lande
:
being
furthermore
suche
as
maye
inriche
many
prouinces
and
k●ngedomes
by
reason
of
manye
riche
golde
mynes
that
are
in
it
of
the
beste
golde
that
is
founde
to
this
day
in
the
worlde
,
Golde
mines
.
and
in
greatest
quantitie
.
In
this
Ilande
,
nature
of
her selfe
bringeth
furthe
suche
aboundance
of
cotton
that
if
it
were
wrought
and
maynteyned
there
shuld
be
more
and
better
then
in
any
parte
of
the
world
.
Cotton
.
There
,
is
so
greate
plentie
of
excellent
Cassia
that
a
gr●ate
quantity
is
brought
from
thense
into
Spayne
:
Cassia
.
from
whense
it
is
caried
to
dyuers
partes
of
the
worlde
.
In
increaseth
so
muche
that
it
is
a
meruelous
thynge
to
consider
.
In
this
are
many
ryche
shoppes
wher
suger
is
wrought
:
Suger
.
and
that
of
such
perfectenes
and
goodnes
,
and
in
suche
quantitie
that
shippes
come
laden
therwith
yearly
into
Spayne
.
Plantes
and
Herbes
.
All
suche
sedes
,
sertes
,
or
plantes
,
as
are
brought
out
of
Spayne
and
planted
in
this
Ilande
,
becoomme
muche
better
,
bygger
,
and
of
greater
increase
then
they
are
in
any
parte
of
owre
Europe
.
And
if
it
chaunce
otherwyse
that
sumetymes
they
prosper
nor
so
well
,
the
cause
is
that
they
which
shulde
tyll
and
husband
the
grounde
,
Greate
thynges
hindered
by
respecte
of
presente
gaynes
.
and
sowe
and
plant
in
dewe
seasons
,
haue
no
respect
hereunto
,
being
impacient
whyle
the
wheate
and
vynes
waxe
rype
,
beinge
gyuen
to
wanderynge
and
other
affayres
of
present
gaynes
(
as
I
haue
sayde
)
as
searchynge
the
gold
mines
,
fyshynge
for
pearles
,
and
occupyinge
marchaundies
,
with
such
other
trades
,
for
the
greedy
folowyng
wherof
,
they
neglecte
and
contempne
both
sowynge
and
plantynge
.
Suche
frutes
as
are
brought
owt
of
Spayne
,
into
this
Ilande
,
prosper
maruelously
and
waxe
rype
all
tymes
of
the
yeare
:
as
herbes
of
all
sortes
very
good
and
pleasaunt
to
bee
eaten
.
Also
many
pomegranates
of
the
best
kynde
,
and
oranges
bothe
sweete
and
sower
.
Orangies
.
Pomegranates
.
Lykewyse
many
fayre
Lymones
&
ceders
:
and
a
great
quantitie
of
all
such
as
are
of
sharpe
,
sowre
,
and
bytter
taste
.
There
are
also
many
fygge
trees
whiche
brynge
furth
theyr
frute
all
the
hole
yeare
.
Figges
al
the
yeare
.
Lykewyse
those
kynd
of
date
trees
that
beare
dates
:
Dates
.
and
dyuers
other
trees
and
plantes
which
were
brought
owt
of
Spayne
thyther
.
Beastes
doo
also
increase
in
lyke
abundaunce
:
Beastes
.
and
especially
the
heardes
of
kyne
are
so
augmented
both
in
quantitie
and
number
,
that
there
are
nowe
many
patrones
of
cattayle
that
haue
more
then
two
thousand
heades
of
neate
:
Greate
heardes
of
catta●l
.
and
sum
three
or
foure
thousande
,
and
sum
more
.
Bysyde
these
,
there
are
very
many
that
haue
heardes
of
foure
or
fyue
hundrethe
.
And
trewth
it
is
,
that
this
Iland
hath
better
pasture
for
such
cattayle
then
any
other
countrey
in
the
worlde
:
good
pasture
.
also
holsome
and
cleare
water
and
temperate
ayer
,
by
reason
whereof
the
heardes
of
such
beastes
are
much
bygger
,
fatter
,
and
also
of
better
taste
then
owres
in
Spayne
bycause
of
the
ranke
pasture
whose
moysture
is
better
digested
in
the
herbe
or
grasse
by
the
continuall
and
temperate
heate
of
the
soonne
,
The
effecte
of
continual
and
moderate
heate
.
wherby
being
made
more
fatte
and
vnctuous
,
it
is
of
better
and
more
stedfast
nuryshement
.
The
cause
of
fatte
nurisshemente
.
For
continuall
and
temperate
heate
,
dooth
not
only
drawe
muche
moysture
owt
of
the
earth
to
the
nuryshement
of
such
thynges
as
growe
and
are
engendered
in
that
clyme
,
but
dooth
also
by
moderation
preserue
the
same
from
resolution
and
putrefaction
,
digestynge
also
and
condensatynge
or
thyckenynge
the
sayde
moyste
nuryshemente
into
a
gummie
and
vactuous
substaunce
as
is
seene
in
all
suche
thinges
as
growe
in
those
regions
.
And
this
is
the
only
naturall
cause
aswell
that
certeyne
great
beastes
and
of
longe
lyfe
(
as
the
Elephante
and
Rhinoceros
with
such
other
)
are
engendered
only
in
regions
nere
vnto
the
Equinoctiall
,
Beastes
of
longe
lyfe
●n
regions
abowte
the
Equinoctiall
line
as
also
that
the
leaues
of
such
trees
as
growe
there
,
doo
not
wyther
or
faule
,
Trees
whos
leaues
doe
not
wither
vntyll
they
bee
thruste
owt
by
other
,
accordynge
to
the
verse
of
the
poete
which
sayth
:
Et
nata
pira
piris
,
et
ficus
in
ficubus
extant
.
That
is
in
effecte
:
peares
growynge
vppon
peares
,
and
fygges
vppon
fygges
.
Plinie
also
wryteth
,
that
suche
trees
are
neuer
infected
with
the
disease
of
trees
that
the
Latines
caule
Caries
,
which
we
may
caule
the
worme
or
canker
,
The
cancar
of
the
tree
being
but
a
certeyne
putrifaction
by
reason
of
a
wateryshe
nuryshement
not
well
consolidate
.
The
same
thynge
hath
bynne
the
cause
that
certeyne
Phylosophers
considerynge
aswell
that
man
is
the
hottest
and
moystest
beast
that
is
(
which
is
the
best
complexion
)
as
also
that
men
lyue
longeste
in
certeyne
partes
of
India
nere
the
Equinoctiall
(
where
yet
to
this
day
summe
liue
to
th
age
of
a
hundreth
and
fiftie
yeares
)
were
of
opinion
that
yf
mankynde
had
any
begynnynge
on
the
earthe
,
Longe
lyu●de
men
in
India
.
that
place
owght
by
good
reason
to
be
vnder
or
not
farre
from
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
for
the
causes
aforesayde
.
Paradise
beare
the
equinoctial
line
Sum
of
the
diuines
also
vppon
lyke
consideration
haue
thought
it
agreable
that
theyr
Paradyse
shulde
bee
about
the
same
within
the
precincte
of
those
ryuers
which
are
named
in
the
booke
of
Genesis
.
But
to
lette
passe
these
thynges
and
to
returne
to
the
hystorie
.
In
this
Ilande
furthermore
,
are
many
sheepe
and
a
great
number
of
hogges
:
Shepee
and
hogges
of
the
which
(
as
also
of
the
kyne
)
manye
are
becoome
wyld
:
And
lykewyse
many
dogges
and
cattes
of
those
which
were
brought
owt
of
Spayne
.
Dogges
and
cattes
becom
wylde
These
(
and
especially
the
dogges
)
doo
much
hurte
amonge
the
cattayle
by
reason
of
the
negligence
of
the
hearde
men
.
There
are
also
many
horses
,
mares
,
and
mules
,
and
suche
other
beastes
as
serue
thuse
of
men
in
Spayne
,
and
are
much
greater
then
they
of
the
fyrst
brode
brought
thether
owt
of
Spayne
.
The
situation
of
hispaniola
.
Sum
places
of
the
Ilande
are
inhabyted
,
although
not
so
many
as
were
requisite
:
Of
the
whiche
I
wyll
saye
no
more
but
that
all
the
regions
of
the
Ilande
are
so
well
situate
that
in
the
course
of
tyme
all
thynges
shall
coomme
to
greater
perfection
by
reason
of
the
rychnesse
and
pleasauntnesse
of
the
countrey
and
fertilitie
of
the
soile
.
But
nowe
to
speake
sumwhat
of
the
principall
and
chiefe
place
of
the
Ilande
,
which
is
the
citie
of
San
Domenico
:
The
citie
of
sandomenico
I
saye
that
as
touchynge
the
buildynges
,
there
is
no
citie
in
Spaine
so
muche
for
so
muche
(
no
not
Barsalona
whiche
I
haue
oftentymes
seene
)
that
is
to
bee
preferred
before
this
generallye
.
For
the
houses
of
San
Domenico
,
are
for
the
moste
parte
of
stone
as
are
they
of
Barsalona
:
or
of
so
stronge
and
well
wrought
earth
that
it
maketh
a
singuler
&
stronge
byndyng
.
The
situacion
is
muche
better
than
that
of
Barsalona
by
reason
that
the
are
much
larger
and
playner
▪
and
without
comparyson
more
directe
and
streyght
furth
.
For
beinge
buylded
nowe
in
owr
tyme
,
bysyde
the
commoditie
of
the
place
of
the
foundation
,
the
streates
were
also
directed
with
corde
,
compase
and
measure
,
wherin
it
excelleth
al
the
cities
that
I
haue
sene
.
It
hath
the
sea
so
nere
,
that
of
one
syde
there
is
no
more
space
betwen
the
sea
and
the
citie
then
the
waules
.
And
this
is
about
fyftie
pases
where
it
is
furthest
of
.
On
this
syde
,
the
waters
of
the
sea
beate
vppon
the
naturall
stones
and
fayre
coaste
.
On
the
other
parte
,
harde
by
the
syde
and
at
the
foote
of
the
houses
,
passeth
the
ryuer
Ozama
whiche
is
a
marueylous
porte
wherin
laden
shyppes
ryse
very
nere
to
the
lande
and
in
maner
vnder
the
house
wynd●wes
,
The
riuer
●zama
&
no
further
from
the
mouth
of
the
ryuer
where
it
entereth
into
the
sea
,
then
is
frome
the
foote
of
the
hyll
of
Monyuye
to
the
monastery
of
saynt
Frances
or
to
the
lodge
of
Barsalona
.
In
the
myddest
of
this
space
in
the
citie
,
is
the
fortresse
and
castle
,
vnder
the
which
and
twentie
pases
distant
from
the
same
,
passe
the
shippes
to
aryse
sum
what
further
in
the
same
ryuer
.
From
the
enteraunce
of
the
shyppes
vntyll
they
cast
anker
,
they
sayle
no
further
from
the
houses
of
the
citie
then
thyrtie
or
fortie
pases
,
bicause
of
this
syde
of
the
citie
the
habitacion
is
nere
to
the
ryuer
.
The
port
or
hauen
also
,
The
hauen
is
so
fayre
and
commodious
to
defraight
or
vnlade
shyppes
,
as
the
lyke
is
founde
but
in
fewe
places
of
the
worlde
.
The
chymmeis
that
are
in
this
citie
,
are
abowt
syxe
hundreth
in
number
,
and
such
houses
as
I
haue
spoken
of
before
:
Of
the
which
sum
are
so
fayre
and
large
that
they
maye
well
receaue
and
lodge
any
lorde
or
noble
manne
of
Spayne
with
his
trayne
and
famelie
.
And
especially
that
which
Don
Diego
Colon
viceroy
vnder
your
maiestie
hath
in
this
citie
,
is
suche
that
I
knowe
no
man
in
Spayne
that
hath
the
lyke
by
a
quarter
in
goodnesse
consyderynge
all
the
commodities
of
the
same
.
Lykewyse
the
situation
thereof
,
as
beinge
aboue
the
sayde
porte
and
altogyther
of
stone
and
hauynge
many
faire
and
large
roomes
with
as
goodly
a
prospect
of
the
lande
and
sea
as
may
be
deuysed
,
seemeth
vnto
me
so
magnificall
and
princelyke
that
yowr
maiestie
maye
bee
as
well
lodged
therin
as
in
any
of
the
mooste
exquisite
builded
houses
of
Spayne
.
There
is
also
a
Cathedrall
churche
buylded
of
late
where
aswell
the
byshop
accordyng
to
his
●ignitie
,
A
cathedrall
churche
and
monasterie
in
hispaniola
.
as
also
the
canones
are
wel
indued
.
This
church
is
wel
buylded
of
stone
and
lyme
,
and
of
good
woorkemanshyppe
.
There
are
furthermore
three
monasteries
bearyng
the
name
of
saynt
Dominike
,
saynt
Frances
,
and
saynt
Marie
of
Mercedes
:
The
whiche
are
all
well
buylded
althoughe
not
so
curiouslye
as
they
of
Spayne
.
But
speakynge
without
preiudice
of
any
other
religious
monasterie
,
yowre
maiestie
may
bee
well
assured
that
in
these
three
monasteries
,
god
is
as
wel
serued
as
in
any
other
religious
house
with
men
of
holy
lyuynge
and
vertuous
exemple
.
There
is
also
a
very
good
hospitall
for
the
ayde
and
succour
of
pore
people
,
An
hospitale
.
whiche
was
founde
by
Michaell
Passament
threasurer
to
yowr
maiestie
.
To
conclude
,
this
citie
from
day
to
day
increaseth
in
welth
and
good
order
,
aswel
for
that
the
sayde
Admyrall
and
viceroy
with
the
lorde
Chaunceloure
and
counsayle
appoynted
there
by
yowr
maiestie
,
haue
theyr
continuall
abydynge
here
,
as
also
that
the
rychest
men
of
the
Ilande
resort
hyther
for
theyr
moste
commodious
habitation
and
trade
of
such
marchaundies
as
are
eyther
brought
owt
of
Spayne
or
sent
thyther
from
this
Iland
which
nowe
so
abundeth
in
many
thynges
that
it
serueth
Spayne
with
m●ny
commodities
,
as
it
were
with
vsury
requityng
such
benefites
as
it
fyrst
receaued
from
thense
.
The
people
of
this
Ilande
are
commonlye
of
sumewhat
lesse
stature
then
are
the
Spanyardes
,
and
of
a
shynynge
or
cleare
browne
coloure
.
They
haue
wyues
of
theyr
owne
,
and
absteyne
from
theyr
dowghters
,
systers
,
and
mothers
.
They
haue
large
forheades
,
longe
blacke
heare
,
and
no
beardes
or
heare
in
any
other
parts
of
theyr
bodies
aswel
men
as
women
,
The
people
except
very
fewe
as
perhaps
scarsely
one
amonge
a
thousand
.
They
go
as
naked
as
they
were
borne
,
excepte
that
on
the
partes
which
may
not
with
honestie
bee
seene
,
they
weare
a
certeyne
leafe
as
brode
as
a
mans
hande
,
which
neuerthelesse
is
not
kepte
close
with
suche
diligence
but
that
sumtymes
a
man
may
see
that
they
thynke
sufficiently
hydde
.
In
this
Iland
are
certeyne
glowoormes
that
shyne
in
the
nyght
as
doo
owres
.
Glo
wormes
But
are
muche
bygger
and
gyue
a
greater
lyght
:
In
so
much
that
when
the
men
of
the
Ilande
goo
any
iorneys
in
the
nyght
,
they
beare
summe
of
these
woormes
made
fast
abowt
theyr
fiete
and
heade
,
in
suche
sorte
that
he
that
shulde
see
them
a
farre
and
ignorant
of
the
thinge
,
wolde
bee
greatly
astonyshed
therat
.
By
the
lyght
of
these
also
,
the
women
woorke
in
theyr
houses
in
the
night
.
These
woormes
they
caule
Cleuas
.
Theyr
lyght
lasteth
for
the
space
of
three
dayes
,
and
diminissheth
as
they
begynne
to
drye
vp
.
There
is
also
a
kynd
of
crowes
whose
breath
stynketh
in
the
mornynge
and
is
sweete
at
after
noone
.
Crowes
sty●kynge
and
sweete
.
The
excremente
which
they
auoyde
,
is
a
lyuynge
worme
.
As
touchynge
other
thynges
of
this
Ilande
whereof
Peter
Martyr
hath
more
largely
intreated
in
his
Decades
,
I
haue
thought
it
superfluous
to
repeate
the
same
ageyne
owte
of
this
hystorie
of
Gonzalus
Ferdinandus
:
but
haue
here
gathered
only
suche
thynges
as
eyther
are
not
touched
of
Peter
Martyr
or
not
so
largely
declared
:
as
I
haue
doone
the
lyke
in
all
other
notable
thynges
which
I
haue
collected
owt
of
this
Summarie
of
Gonzalus
.
¶
Of
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
and
other
.
OF
the
Ilande
of
Cuba
and
the
other
,
as
the
Ilandes
,
of
Sancti
Iohannis
and
Iamaica
,
Saynt
Iohn
his
Ilande
.
Iamaica
.
the
same
maye
bee
sayde
in
maner
in
all
thynges
as
before
of
Hispaniola
although
not
so
largely
.
Yet
in
lesse
quantitie
doo
they
brynge
foorth
the
lyke
thynges
:
as
gold
,
copper
,
cattayle
,
trees
plantes
,
fysshes
,
and
such
other
of
the
whiche
wee
haue
spoken
there
.
In
Cuba
,
is
a
certeyne
kynde
of
Partyches
beinge
verye
little
,
with
theyr
fethers
much
of
the
colour
of
turtle
dooues
:
Partriches
.
but
are
of
muche
better
taste
to
bee
eaten
.
They
are
taken
in
great
number
.
And
beinge
brought
wylde
into
the
houses
,
they
becoome
as
tame
within
the
space
of
three
or
foure
dayes
as
though
they
had
byn
hatched
there
.
They
becoomme
exceadynge
fatte
in
short
space
,
and
are
doubtelesse
the
most
delicate
and
pleasaunt
meate
that
euer
I
haue
eaten
.
But
to
let
passe
many
other
thynges
that
myght
here
bee
sayde
,
and
to
speake
of
two
maruelous
thynges
which
are
in
this
Iland
of
Cuba
:
wherof
the
one
is
,
Pellettes
for
gunnes
wrought
by
nature
.
that
a
valley
conteynynge
twoo
or
three
leaques
in
length
betwene
two
mountaynes
,
is
full
of
a
kynde
of
very
harde
stones
of
suche
perfecte
roundenesse
and
lyke
vnto
pellettes
of
gunnes
that
no
arte
can
make
better
or
more
exactly
polysshed
.
Of
these
,
sum
are
as
smaule
as
pellettes
for
handegunnes
:
and
other
so
increasynge
bygger
and
bygger
from
that
quantitie
,
that
they
may
serue
for
all
sortes
of
artyllerie
althoughe
they
bee
of
byggenesse
to
receaue
one
or
two
or
more
quintales
of
pouder
,
euery
quintale
conteynyng
one
hundreth
weyght
:
or
of
what
other
quantitie
so
euer
they
bee
.
These
pelletes
are
founde
through
owte
al
the
valley
within
the
earth
as
in
a
myne
,
which
they
digge
and
take
ow●e
such
as
they
neede
of
all
sortes
.
The
other
marueylous
thinge
of
this
Iland
is
this
:
That
farre
from
the
sea
,
there
issheweth
owt
of
a
mountayne
a
certeyne
lycour
much
lyke
the
cley
of
Babilon
cauled
Bitumen
or
lyke
vnto
pytche
in
great
quantitie
and
such
as
is
very
commodious
for
the
calkynge
of
shyppes
.
A
fountayne
of
the
pytche
of
Bitumen
.
This
fauleth
continually
from
the
rocke
and
runneth
into
the
sea
in
suche
abundaunce
that
it
is
seene
flotynge
aboue
the
water
on
euery
side
of
the
sea
there
abowt
as
it
is
dryuen
frome
place
to
place
by
the
wynde
or
course
of
the
water
.
Quintus
Cursius
wryteth
in
his
hystorie
,
Quintus
Cu●sius
that
great
Alexander
came
to
the
citie
of
Memi
where
is
a
great
caue
or
denne
in
the
which
is
a
sprynge
or
fountayne
that
continually
auoydethe
a
great
quantitie
of
Bitumen
in
such
sort
that
it
is
an
easy
thing
to
beleue
that
the
stones
of
the
walles
of
Babilon
myght
bee
layde
therwith
accordynge
as
the
sayde
auctoure
wryteth
.
Bitumen
of
Babi●on
.
I
haue
seene
this
myne
of
Bitumen
,
not
only
in
the
Iland
of
Cuba
,
but
also
such
an
other
in
new
Spayne
,
which
was
found
of
late
in
the
prouince
of
Panuco
where
it
is
much
better
then
the
other
of
Cuba
,
Panuco
.
as
I
haue
seene
by
experience
in
calkynge
of
shyppes
.
¶
Of
the
lande
of
Baccaleos
cauled
Terra
Baccalearum
,
situate
on
the
North
syde
of
the
firme
lande
.
SHortly
after
that
yowr
Maiestie
came
to
the
citie
of
Toledo
,
there
arryued
in
the
moneth
of
Nouember
,
Steuen
Gomes
the
pylot
who
the
yeare
before
of
1524.
by
the
commaundement
of
yowre
maiestie
sayled
to
the
Northe
partes
and
founde
a
greate
parte
of
lande
continuate
from
that
which
is
cauled
Baccaleos
discoursynge
towarde
the
West
to
the
.xl.
and
.xli.
degree
,
Baccaleos
.
from
whense
he
broughe
certeyne
Indians
(
for
so
caule
wee
all
the
nations
of
the
new
founde
landes
)
of
the
whiche
he
brought
sum
with
hym
from
thense
who
are
yet
in
Toledo
at
this
present
,
Indians
.
and
of
greater
stature
then
other
of
the
firme
lande
as
they
are
commonlye
.
Theyr
coloure
is
much
lyke
thother
of
the
firme
lande
.
They
are
great
archers
,
and
go
couered
with
the
skinnes
of
dyuers
beastes
both
wylde
and
tame
.
Ryche
furres
and
syluer
.
In
this
lande
are
many
excellent
furres
,
as
marterns
,
sables
,
and
such
other
rych
furres
of
the
which
the
sayde
pilote
brought
summe
with
hym
into
Spayne
.
They
haue
syluer
and
copper
,
and
certeyne
other
metalles
.
They
are
Idolaters
and
honoure
the
soonne
and
moone
,
Idolaters
.
and
are
seduced
with
suche
superstitions
and
errours
as
are
they
of
the
firme
.
And
to
haue
wrytten
thus
muche
,
it
maye
suffice
of
suche
thinges
as
haue
semed
to
me
most
woorthy
to
be
noted
in
the
Summarie
of
Gonzalus
Ferdinandus
wrytten
to
Th
emperours
maiestie
¶
Of
other
notable
thynges
gathered
owte
of
dyuers
autours
:
And
fyrste
of
the
vniuersal
carde
and
newe
worlde
.
THe
hole
globe
or
compase
of
the
earth
was
dyuyded
by
the
auncient
wryters
into
three
partes
,
as
Europa
,
Affrica
,
and
Asia
:
whiche
partes
conteyne
in
longitude
.180
.
degrees
,
begynnynge
the
fyrst
degree
at
the
Ilandes
of
Canarie
.
And
conteyne
in
latitude
towarde
the
North
.63
.
degrees
,
begynnynge
the
fyrste
degree
frome
the
Equinoctiall
:
And
.10
.
degrees
towarde
the
South
.
All
the
reste
of
the
longitude
which
conteyneth
other
.180
.
degrees
,
is
discouered
of
late
tyme
,
as
the
West
India
cauled
the
newe
worlde
,
west
India
the
newe
worlde
.
bycause
none
of
the
owlde
autoures
had
any
knowelege
or
made
any
mention
therof
.
All
that
therfore
is
cauled
newe
which
is
Westwarde
from
the
Ilandes
of
Canarie
.
And
thus
accomptynge
these
.180
.
degrees
towarde
the
East
discouered
in
owlde
tyme
,
with
the
other
.180
.
degrees
discouered
of
late
dayes
,
they
make
,
360.
degrees
,
which
is
al
the
circle
of
the
Equinoctiall
in
the
sphere
.
The
circumference
of
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
.
Also
the
part
aboue
the
.63
.
degrees
of
the
North
latitude
,
The
North
regions
.
was
founde
by
men
of
late
tyme
,
as
Norway
and
Grutlande
with
many
other
prouinces
.
Lykewise
the
part
more
south
then
.10
.
degrees
of
latitude
,
The
South
regions
.
was
discouered
of
late
dayes
,
althoughe
Ariane
and
Plinie
say
that
it
was
knowen
in
owlde
tyme
:
whiche
yf
it
were
,
yet
had
they
no
suche
particular
description
thereof
as
we
haue
in
these
dayes
.
¶
A
discourse
of
the
vyage
made
by
the
Spanyardes
rounde
abowte
the
worlde
.
THe
vyage
made
by
the
Spanyardes
rownde
abowt
the
worlde
,
is
one
of
the
greatest
and
moste
marueylous
thynges
that
hath
bynne
knowen
to
owre
tyme
.
And
althoughe
in
many
thynges
we
excell
owre
aunciente
predicessours
,
in
this
especiallye
wee
so
farre
exceade
all
theyr
inuentions
,
that
the
lyke
hath
not
heretofore
byn
knowen
to
this
day
.
This
viage
was
written
particularly
by
Don
Peter
Martyr
of
Angleria
being
one
of
the
counsayle
of
Th
emperours
Indies
,
Don
Peter
Martyr
.
to
whom
also
was
commytted
the
wrytyng
of
the
hystorie
and
examination
of
al
suche
as
returned
from
thense
into
Spayne
to
the
citie
of
Siuile
,
in
the
yeare
.
M.
D.
xxii
.
But
sendynge
it
to
Rome
to
bee
prynted
in
that
miserable
tyme
when
the
citie
was
sacked
it
was
lost
and
not
founde
to
this
day
or
any
memory
remaynynge
therof
,
Rome
sacked
sauynge
suche
as
sum
that
redde
the
same
haue
borne
in
mynde
.
And
amonge
other
notable
thynges
by
hym
wrytten
as
touchynge
that
vyage
,
this
is
one
,
that
the
Spanyardes
hauynge
sayled
abowt
three
yeares
and
one
moneth
,
A
day
lost
in
three
yeares
and
one
moneth
.
and
the
most
of
them
notynge
the
dayes
,
day
by
day
(
as
is
the
maner
of
all
them
that
sayle
by
the
Ocean
)
they
founde
when
they
were
returned
to
Spayne
,
that
they
had
loste
one
daye
:
So
that
at
theyr
arryuall
at
the
porte
of
Siuile
beinge
the
seuenth
day
of
September
,
was
by
theyr
accompt
but
the
sixth
day
.
And
where
as
Don
Peter
Martyr
declared
the
strange
effecte
of
this
thynge
to
a
certeyne
excellente
man
who
for
his
singuler
lernynge
was
greately
aduaunced
to
honoure
in
his
common
welthe
and
made
Th
emperours
ambassadoure
,
this
woorthy
gentelman
who
was
also
a
greate
Philosopher
and
Astronomer
,
answered
that
it
coulde
not
otherwyse
chaunce
vnto
them
hauynge
sayled
three
yeares
continually
,
euer
folowynge
the
soonne
towarde
the
West
.
And
sayde
furthermore
that
they
of
owlde
tyme
obserued
that
all
suche
as
sayled
behinde
the
soonne
towarde
the
West
,
dyd
greatly
lengthen
the
day
.
And
albeit
that
the
sayde
booke
of
Peter
Martyr
is
perysshed
,
yet
hath
not
fortune
permitted
that
the
memorie
of
so
woorthy
and
marueylous
an
enterpryse
shulde
vtterly
bee
extincte
:
forasmuch
as
a
certeyne
noble
gentleman
of
the
cytie
of
Uincenza
in
Italie
,
cauled
master
Antonie
Pigafetta
(
who
beinge
one
of
the
coompanie
of
that
vyage
and
after
his
returne
into
Spayne
in
the
shyppe
Uictoria
,
Antonie
Pigafetta
.
was
made
knyght
of
the
Rhodes
)
wrote
a
particular
and
large
booke
therof
which
he
gaue
to
Th
emperours
Maiestie
,
and
sente
a
coppie
of
the
same
into
Fraunce
to
the
lady
Regente
moo●her
vnto
the
frenche
kynge
,
who
committed
it
to
an
excellent
philosopher
cauled
master
Iacobus
Faber
,
Iacobus
Faber
.
hauyng
longe
studyed
in
Italy
,
wyllynge
him
to
translate
it
into
the
Frenche
toonge
.
This
booke
therefore
was
printed
fyrst
in
the
frenche
toonge
and
then
in
the
Italien
,
with
also
an
epistle
to
the
Cardinall
of
Salsepurge
as
touchynge
the
same
viage
,
written
by
Maximiliane
Transiluane
secretarie
to
Th
emperours
Maiestie
,
Maximilian
Transiluane
in
the
yeare
.1522
.
And
doubtelesse
amonge
al
the
cities
of
Italie
,
the
citie
of
Uicenza
may
herein
much
glorie
,
that
beside
the
ancient
nobilitie
and
many
excellent
and
rare
wyttes
whiche
it
hath
browght
furth
aswell
in
learnynge
as
discipline
of
warre
,
it
hath
also
had
so
woorthy
and
valiaunt
a
gentleman
as
was
the
sayde
master
Antonie
Pigafetta
,
who
hauing
compased
abowte
the
ball
or
globe
of
the
worlde
,
hath
lykewyse
described
that
vyage
particularly
.
For
the
whiche
his
so
noble
and
woonderfull
an
enterprise
so
happily
atchiued
,
The
rewarde
of
noble
enterpryse●
.
if
the
same
had
byn
doone
in
the
owlde
tyme
when
th
empyre
of
the
Grekes
and
Romans
florysshed
,
he
shulde
doubtelesse
haue
byn
rewarded
with
an
Image
of
marble
or
golde
erected
in
a
place
of
honoure
in
perpetuall
memorie
and
for
a
singular
exemple
of
his
vertue
to
the
posteritie
.
In
fine
,
this
may
we
bouldly
affirme
,
that
the
antiquitie
had
neuer
such
knowlege
of
the
worlde
whiche
the
soonne
coompaseth
abowte
in
xxiiii
.
houres
,
The
antiquitie
had
no
suche
knowlege
of
the
worlde
as
we
haue
.
as
we
haue
at
this
presente
by
th
industrye
of
men
of
this
owre
age
.
But
before
I
speake
any
thynge
of
the
viage
,
I
haue
thought
it
good
fyrst
to
adde
hereunto
,
the
Epistle
of
Maximilian
Transiluane
which
he
wrote
to
the
Cardinall
of
Salsepurge
as
a
preface
to
his
sayde
booke
.
¶
The
Epistle
of
Maximilian
Transiluane
,
secretarie
to
The
Emperours
maiestie
:
wrytten
to
the
ryght
honorable
and
reuerende
lorde
,
the
lorde
Cardinall
of
Salsepurge
,
of
the
marueylous
and
woonderfull
nauigation
made
by
the
Spanyardes
rounde
abowt
the
worlde
in
the
yeare
of
Christ
.
M.
D.
xix
.
IN
these
daies
my
most
honorable
and
reuerend
lorde
,
returned
one
of
those
fiue
shippes
which
the
yeare
before
Themperours
beinge
at
Saragosa
in
Spayne
,
were
at
his
maiesties
commaundement
sent
to
the
newe
worlde
heretofore
vnknowen
vnto
vs
,
to
seeke
the
Ilandes
of
spices
.
The
Ilandes
of
Molucca
.
For
albeit
the
Portugales
brynge
vs
great
quantitie
of
spyces
from
that
parte
of
Easte
India
whiche
in
owlde
tyme
was
cauled
Aurea
Chersonesus
(
where
is
nowe
thought
to
bee
the
greate
and
ryche
citie
of
Malaccha
)
yet
in
Easte
India
growe
none
of
those
spices
excepte
pepper
.
Aurea
Chersonesus
.
Malaccha
.
Spyces
.
For
other
spices
,
as
Sinamome
,
cloues
,
nutmegges
,
and
mase
,
(
whiche
is
the
huske
that
couereth
the
shell
of
the
nutte
)
are
brought
frome
other
farre
contreys
&
from
Ilandes
scarsely
knowen
by
theyr
names
.
From
the
whiche
Ilandes
they
are
brought
in
shyps
or
barkes
made
withowt
any
iren
tooles
,
and
tyed
togyther
with
cordes
of
date
trees
:
with
rounde
sayles
lykewise
made
of
the
smaule
twigges
of
the
branches
of
date
trees
weaued
togyther
.
These
barkes
they
caule
Giun●he
:
with
the
whiche
barkes
and
sayles
,
they
make
theyr
vyages
with
onely
one
wynde
in
the
stearne
or
contrarywyse
.
Neyther
yet
is
it
a
thynge
greatly
to
bee
marueyled
at
that
these
Ilandes
where
the
spyces
growe
haue
byn
vnknowen
so
many
worldes
past
vnto
owre
tyme
,
The
Ilandes
of
Spyces
vnknowen
in
owlde
tyme
.
forasmuch
as
all
such
thynges
as
vnto
this
day
haue
byn
wrytten
of
owld
autours
of
the
places
where
spices
growe
,
are
all
fabulous
and
false
:
In
so
muche
that
the
countreys
where
they
affirme
theym
to
growe
,
are
nowe
certeynely
founde
to
bee
further
frome
the
place
where
they
growe
in
deede
,
then
we
are
from
them
.
For
lettynge
passe
many
other
thynges
that
are
wrytten
,
I
wyll
speake
onl●
of
this
which
Herodotus
(
otherwise
a
famous
auctou●
)
aff●●meth
that
Sinamome
,
Herodutus
.
Sinamome
,
is
founde
in
the
toppes
of
the
nestes
of
certeyne
byrdes
and
foules
that
brynge
it
frome
farre
countreys
,
&
especially
the
Phenyx
,
The
Phenyx
.
the
which
I
knowe
no
man
that
euer
hath
seene
.
But
Plinie
who
myght
more
certeynely
affirme
thynges
by
reason
that
before
his
tyme
many
thynges
were
knowen
and
discouered
by
the
nauigations
of
great
Alexander
and
other
,
Plinie
.
The
nauigations
of
greate
Alexander
.
sayth
that
Sinamome
groweth
in
that
parte
of
Ethiope
which
the
people
inhabite
cauled
Trogloditi
.
Ethiope
.
Trogloditi
.
Neuerthelesse
it
is
nowe
founde
that
Sinamome
groweth
very
farre
from
all
Ethiope
and
muche
further
frome
the
Trogloditi
whiche
dwell
in
caues
vnder
the
grounde
.
But
to
owre
men
which
are
nowe
returned
from
those
partes
and
the
Ilandes
of
spices
,
hauynge
also
good
knowlege
of
Ethiope
,
it
was
necessarie
to
passe
farre
beyonde
Ethiope
beefore
they
coome
to
these
Ilandes
,
The
nauigat●on
abowte
the
worlde
.
and
to
coompasse
abowte
the
whole
worlde
,
and
many
tymes
vnder
the
greatest
circumference
of
heauen
.
The
which
nauigation
made
by
th●m
,
being
the
most
marueylous
thynge
that
euer
was
doone
by
man
vppon
the
earth
sence
the
fyrst
creation
of
the
worlde
,
and
neuer
founde
before
,
or
knowen
,
or
attempted
by
any
other
,
I
haue
deliberated
faythfully
to
wryte
to
yowre
honorable
lordshippe
and
to
declare
the
hole
successe
therof
.
As
touchynge
which
matter
,
I
haue
with
all
diligence
made
inquisition
to
knowe
the
trewth
aswell
by
relation
of
the
Capitayne
of
that
shyppe
as
also
by
conference
with
euery
of
the
maryners
that
returned
with
hym
.
All
which
,
gaue
the
selfe
same
information
both
to
Th
emperours
maiestie
and
dyuers
other
:
And
this
with
such
faythfulnesse
and
sinceritie
,
that
not
only
they
are
iudged
of
all
men
to
haue
declared
the
trewth
in
all
thynges
,
but
haue
thereby
also
gyuen
vs
certeyne
knowlege
that
all
that
hath
hytherto
byn
sayde
or
written
of
owlde
autours
as
touchynge
these
thynges
,
The
owld●
autours
reproued
.
are
false
and
fabulous
.
For
who
wyll
beleue
that
men
are
found
with
only
one
legge
.
Or
with
such
fiete
whose
shadowe
couereth
theyr
bodyes
?
Or
men
of
a
cubite
heyght
,
and
other
such
lyke
,
beinge
rather
monsters
then
men
?
Monsters
.
Of
the
which
,
neyther
the
Spanyardes
who
in
owre
tyme
saylyng
by
the
Ocean
sea
,
The
vyages
of
the
Spanyardes
and
Po●tugales
,
haue
discouered
al
the
coastes
of
the
lande
toward
the
West
both
vnder
and
aboue
the
Equinoctiall
,
nor
the
Portugales
who
compassynge
abowt
al
Affryke
haue
passed
by
all
the
Easte
and
lykewyse
discouered
all
those
coastes
vnto
the
great
goulfe
cauled
Sinus
Magnus
,
Sinus
Magnus
.
nor
yet
the
Spanyardes
in
this
theyr
laste
nauigation
,
in
the
which
they
compased
abowt
the
hole
earth
,
dyd
neuer
in
any
of
their
vyages
wryte
of
such
monsters
:
which
doubtelesse
they
wold
not
haue
omytted
if
they
myght
haue
had
certeyne
knowelege
therof
.
But
nowe
intendynge
to
speake
of
the
whole
world
,
I
wyll
not
bee
longe
in
my
preface
,
but
begynne
my
narration
as
foloweth
.
❧
A
briefe
declaration
of
the
vyage
or
nauigation
made
abowte
the
worlde
.
Gathered
owt
of
a
large
booke
wrytten
hereof
by
master
Antonie
Pygafetta
Uincentine
,
knyght
of
the
Rhodes
and
one
of
the
coomp●nye
of
that
vyage
in
the
which
,
Ferdinando
Magalianes
a
Portugale
(
whom
sum
caule
Magellanus
)
was
generall
Capitayne
of
the
nauie
.
ALthowgh
Sebastian
Munster
in
his
vniuersall
Cosmographie
in
the
fyfthe
booke
of
the
landes
of
the
greater
Asia
(
which
I
translated
into
Englyshe
abowte
two
yeares
sen●e
)
hath
wrytten
of
the
vyage
of
Magellanus
,
Sebastian
Munster
.
declarynge
therein
howe
the
Spanyardes
by
the
West
,
and
the
Portugales
by
the
Easte
,
saylyng
to
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
,
The
Ilandes
of
Molucca
.
compased
the
hole
globe
of
the
worlde
betwene
them
,
yet
haue
I
here
thought
it
good
to
make
a
breefe
repeticion
of
this
vyage
,
addynge
hereunto
dyuers
notable
thynges
which
were
not
touched
of
Munster
,
as
I
haue
gathered
them
owt
of
the
bookes
of
Antonie
Pigafetta
and
Transiluanus
wrytten
of
the
same
vyage
.
For
albeit
in
deede
it
was
a
straunge
and
woonderful
thynge
that
the
Spanyardes
and
Portugales
compased
the
hole
circumference
of
the
worlde
betwene
them
,
yet
is
it
more
marueylous
that
the
same
was
doone
with
one
shippe
and
one
coompanie
of
men
as
dyd
the
Spanyardes
in
this
vyage
,
who
keepynge
theyr
continuall
cours●
by
the
Weste
,
returned
into
Spayne
by
the
Easte
.
A
thynge
doubtlesse
so
much
more
woonderfull
and
strange
then
yf
they
had
returned
from
the
halfe
circumference
by
the
same
way
they
went
.
In
howe
muche
they
were
ignorante
in
the
vyage
neuer
attempted
beefore
,
besyde
the
thousande
daungiours
and
perylles
whiche
they
were
daylye
lyke
to
faule
into
,
aswell
by
wanderynge
in
vnknowen
coastes
as
also
by
faulynge
into
the
handes
of
the
Portugales
by
whose
dominions
in
the
Easte
,
Controuer●ie
betw●ne
the
Spanyardes
and
Portugales
.
they
shulde
needes
passe
of
necessitie
,
not
trustynge
to
theyr
gentelnesse
for
the
controuersie
which
had
byn
longe
betwene
them
for
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
.
I
wyll
therefore
(
as
I
haue
sayde
)
make
a
briefe
rehearsall
of
this
vyage
from
the
begynnynge
to
the
endynge
:
Omyttynge
neuerthelesse
many
notable
thynges
whiche
are
more
largely
described
in
the
bookes
of
Maximilianus
Transiluanus
and
Antonius
Pigafetta
.
The
tenthe
day
of
August
,
in
the
yeare
of
owre
lorde
M.
D.
xix
.
Ferdinando
Magalianes
departed
from
the
porte
of
Siuile
in
Spayne
with
a
nauie
of
fyue
shyppes
and
two
hundreth
thirtie
and
seuen
men
,
Ferdinando
Magalianes
.
wel
furnysshed
with
all
thynges
necessarie
.
And
saylynge
fyrste
downe
by
the
ryuer
of
Guadalehiber
which
runneth
from
the
sayde
porte
into
the
sea
,
they
came
fyrste
to
a
place
named
Giouan
Dulfarax
where
are
manye
vyllages
of
the
Moores
:
And
from
thense
arryued
at
a
castel
of
the
Duke
of
Medina
Sidonia
,
where
is
the
porte
from
whiche
they
enter
into
the
sea
and
to
the
cape
saynte
Uincent
beinge
distant
from
the
Equinoctiall
.xxxvii.
degrees
,
The
Cape
of
saynt
Uincent
and
frome
the
sayde
port
.x.
leaques
,
and
is
from
thense
to
Siuile
betwene
xvii
.
and
.xx.
leaques
.
Here
they
remayned
certeyne
dayes
to
make
newe
prouision
of
such
thynges
as
they
lacked
.
Departynge
from
hense
the
.xx.
daye
of
September
,
they
arryued
the
.xxvi.
day
of
the
same
moneth
at
one
of
the
Ilandes
of
Canarie
cauled
T●nerife
,
The
Ilandes
of
Canarie
.
beinge
.xxv.
degrees
about
the
Equinoctiall
.
In
one
of
these
Ilandes
is
none
other
water
but
that
is
continually
engendered
of
a
clowde
which
appeareth
dayly
at
noone
tyde
as
though
it
descended
from
heauen
and
compaseth
abowt
a
certeyne
great
tree
from
whose
branches
distilleth
greate
abundaunce
of
water
,
water
engendered
of
a
clowde
.
and
faulethe
in
streames
from
the
roote
of
the
same
into
certeine
trenches
and
cestarnes
made
and
placed
to
receaue
it
.
This
water
serueth
sufficiently
all
th
inhabitauntes
and
cattayle
of
the
Ilande
.
The
lyke
thinge
is
also
seene
in
the
Iland
of
saynt
Thomas
,
The
Iland
of
saynt
Thoma●
.
lyinge
directly
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
.
The
thyrde
day
of
October
abowt
mydnyght
,
the
capytayne
commaunded
theym
to
lyght
fyrebrandes
and
to
hoyse
vp
theyr
sayles
directynge
theyr
course
towarde
the
South
,
saylynge
betwene
Capo
Verde
of
Affryke
and
the
Ilandes
lyinge
abowt
the
same
,
Capo
verde
.
beinge
from
the
Equinoctiall
.xiiii.
degrees
and
a
halfe
.
They
fayled
thus
,
manye
dayes
in
the
syght
of
the
coaste
of
Guinea
,
of
Ethio●e
,
Ginnea
in
Ethyope
where
is
the
mountayne
cauled
Serra
Liona
beinge
.viii.
degrees
aboue
the
Equinoctiall
.
Serraliona
.
In
this
coast
they
had
no
maner
of
contrary
wynde
but
a
great
calme
and
fayre
wether
for
the
space
of
threescore
and
tenne
dayes
,
in
the
which
they
came
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
.
In
this
vyage
they
sawe
manye
straunge
fysshes
and
monsters
of
the
sea
besyde
an
other
straunge
thynge
whiche
appeared
vnto
them
.
Fysshes
and
monsters
of
the
sea
.
For
there
appeared
in
theyr
shyppes
certeyne
flames
of
fyre
burnynge
very
cleare
,
which
they
caul
saynt
Helen
and
saynt
Nicolas
.
The
fyers
of
saints
helene
&
S.
Nicolas
.
A
tempest
.
These
appeared
as
thought
they
had
byn
vppon
the
mast
of
the
shyppes
,
in
suche
clearenesse
that
they
tooke
away
theyr
sight
for
the
space
of
a
quarter
of
an
houre
:
by
reason
wherof
,
they
so
wandered
owte
of
theyr
course
and
were
disparsed
in
sunder
,
that
they
in
maner
dispayred
to
meete
ageyne
.
But
as
God
wolde
,
the
sea
and
tempest
beinge
quieted
,
they
came
safely
to
theyr
determyned
course
.
And
before
I
speake
any
further
of
the
vyage
,
I
haue
here
thought
good
to
saye
sumewhat
of
these
straunge
fyers
,
The
naturall
cause
of
such
●iers
as
faule
in
the
●hyps
which
sum
ignorant
folkes
thynke
to
bee
spirites
or
suche
other
phantasies
wheras
they
are
but
natural
thynges
proceadynge
of
naturall
causes
and
engendered
of
certeyne
exhalations
.
Of
these
therefore
,
the
greate
Philosopher
of
owre
tyme
Hieronimus
Cardanus
in
his
seconde
booke
de
Subtilitate
,
Cardanus
.
wryteth
in
this
maner
.
There
are
two
maner
of
fyers
engendered
of
exhalations
wherof
the
one
is
hurtfull
and
the
other
without
hurte
.
Two
kyndes
of
fyers
engendered
of
exhalations
.
That
which
is
hurtful
,
is
fyer
in
deede
,
engendered
of
malicious
&
venemous
vapours
which
in
successe
of
time
take
fyer
as
apt
matters
to
be
kyndeled
.
The
other
kynd
,
is
no
trew
fy●e
,
but
lyke
the
matter
that
is
in
such
owlde
putrified
wod
as
giueth
the
shynynge
of
fyer
without
the
substaunce
or
qualitie
therof
.
Of
the
kynde
of
trewe
fyer
,
Trewe
fyer
&
false
fyer
.
is
the
fyer
baule
or
starre
commonly
cauled
saynt
Helen
which
is
sumtyme
seene
abowt
the
mastes
of
shyppes
,
beinge
of
suche
fy●ry
nature
that
it
sumetyme
melteth
brasen
vesselles
,
and
is
a
token
of
drownyng
,
forasmuch
as
this
chaunceth
only
in
great
tempestes
.
For
the
vapoure
or
exhalation
whereof
this
fyre
is
engendered
,
can
not
bee
dryuen
togyther
or
compacte
in
forme
of
fyre
,
but
of
a
grose
vapoure
and
by
a
great
poure
of
wynde
,
and
is
therfore
a
token
of
imminent
perell
:
As
on
the
contrary
parte
,
the
lyke
fyers
cauled
in
owlde
tyme
Castor
and
Pollux
and
nowe
named
the
two
lyghtes
of
saynt
Peter
and
saynt
Nycolas
whiche
for
the
most
parte
faule
on
the
cables
of
the
shyppes
,
Casto●
and
Pollux
.
The
lyghtes
of
saynt
Peter
and
saynte
Nycolas
.
leapynge
from
one
to
an
other
with
a
certeyne
flutterynge
noyse
lyke
byrdes
,
are
a
token
of
securitie
and
of
the
tempeste
ouerpassed
.
For
they
are
but
vapoures
cleauynge
to
the
cables
:
which
in
successe
of
tyme
,
the
fyer
passynge
from
one
to
an
other
,
appere
in
the
similitude
of
a
lyght
candell
.
They
are
a
token
of
securitie
bycause
they
are
lyttle
,
not
slowe
or
grosse
,
wherby
they
myght
haue
ioyned
altogyther
in
one
,
and
byn
thereby
more
malicious
and
lasted
longer
,
wheras
beinge
many
and
but
lyttle
,
they
are
the
sooner
consumed
.
Hetherto
Cardanus
.
But
let
vs
nowe
returne
to
the
vyage
.
When
they
had
sayled
paste
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
,
they
lost
the
syght
of
the
north
starre
,
They
lost
the
syght
of
the
North
starre
.
and
sayled
by
southweste
vntyll
they
came
to
a
lande
named
the
lande
of
Bressil
whiche
sum
caule
Brasilia
,
The
lande
▪
of
Bresile
.
beinge
.xxii.
degrees
and
a
halfe
toward
the
south
pole
or
pole
Antartyke
.
The
South
pole
.
This
lande
is
continuate
and
one
firme
lande
with
the
cape
of
saynte
Augustine
whiche
is
viii
.
degrees
from
the
Equinoctiall
.
In
this
lande
they
were
refresshed
with
many
good
frutes
of
innumerable
kindes
,
and
founde
here
also
very
good
sugar
canes
and
diuers
kyndes
of
beastes
and
other
thynges
which
I
omitte
for
breuitie
.
Sugar
.
They
entered
into
this
hauen
on
saynt
Lucies
day
:
where
the
sonne
beinge
there
Zenith
(
that
is
the
poynt
of
heauen
directly
ouer
theyr
heades
)
they
felte
greater
heate
that
daye
then
when
they
were
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
line
.
This
lande
of
Brasile
is
very
large
and
great
:
The
greatenesse
of
the
land
of
Brasile
.
and
bygger
then
all
Spayne
,
Portugale
,
Fraunce
,
and
Italie
:
and
is
moste
abundaunte
in
all
thynges
.
The
people
of
this
countrey
praye
to
noo
maner
of
thinge
:
but
liue
by
th
instincte
of
natu●e
,
and
to
th
age
of
.
C.xx
and
.
C.
xl
.
yeares
.
Bothe
the
men
and
women
go
naked
,
and
dwell
in
certeyne
longe
houses
.
They
are
very
docible
,
and
soone
allured
to
the
Chrystian
fayth
.
Therteene
dayes
after
that
they
arryued
at
the
sayd
port
,
they
departed
from
this
lande
and
sayled
to
the
.xxxiiii.
degree
and
a
halfe
toward
the
pole
Antartike
where
they
found
a
great
ryuer
of
fre●she
water
and
certeyne
Canibales
.
C●ni●ales
.
Of
these
they
sawe
one
owt
of
theyr
shyppes
,
of
stature
as
bigge
as
a
giante
,
Giantes
.
hauynge
a
voyce
lyke
a
bul
.
Owre
men
pursued
them
,
but
they
were
so
swyfte
of
foote
that
they
coulde
not
ouertake
them
.
Abowt
the
mouth
of
this
ryuer
,
are
seuen
Ilandes
,
Insula●
gemmarum
.
in
the
byggest
wherof
,
they
founde
certeyne
precious
stones
,
and
cauled
it
the
cape
of
saynt
Marie
.
Cap.
S.
Marie
.
The
Spanyardes
thought
that
by
this
ryuer
they
might
haue
passed
into
the
south
sea
.
But
they
were
deceaued
in
theyr
opinion
.
For
there
was
none
other
passage
then
by
the
ryuer
which
is
.xvii
leaques
large
in
the
mouth
.
Thus
folowynge
this
coaste
by
the
tracte
of
the
lande
towarde
the
pole
Antartyke
,
The
pole
●nartike
.
they
came
to
a
place
where
were
two
Ilandes
replenysshed
with
giese
and
woolues
of
the
sea
which
sum
thynke
to
bee
those
fysshes
that
wee
caule
pikes
.
Geese-Sea
woolues
These
were
in
such
number
that
in
an
houre
all
the
fyue
shippes
myght
haue
byn
lade
with
giese
beinge
all
of
blacke
coloure
,
and
such
as
can
not
flye
.
They
lyue
of
fysshe
and
are
so
fatte
that
they
coulde
scarsely
fle
theym
.
They
haue
noo
fethers
but
a
certeyne
downe
:
and
theyr
byls
like
rauens
byls
.
These
woolues
of
the
sea
are
of
dyuers
coloures
,
and
of
the
byggenesse
of
calues
,
with
theyr
heades
of
golden
coloure
.
Here
were
they
in
great
daungiour
by
tempest
.
But
as
soone
as
the
three
fyers
cauled
saynte
Helen
,
saynte
Nycolas
,
and
saynt
Clare
,
appered
vppon
the
cabels
of
the
shyppes
,
suddeynely
the
tempeste
and
furye
of
the
wyndes
ceased
.
Departynge
frome
hense
,
they
sayled
to
the
.49
.
degree
and
a
halfe
vnder
the
pole
Antartyke
:
The
.xlix.
degree
of
the
south
pole
.
where
beinge
wyntered
,
they
were
inforced
to
remayne
there
for
the
space
of
two
monethes
,
all
which
tyme
they
sawe
no
man
except
that
one
daye
by
chaunce
they
espyed
a
man
of
the
stature
of
a
giante
,
Giantes
.
who
came
to
the
hauen
daunsyng
and
syngynge
,
and
shortly
after
seemed
to
cast
dust
ouer
his
heade
.
The
capitayne
sente
one
of
his
men
to
the
shore
with
the
shyppe
boate
,
who
made
the
lyke
signe
of
peace
.
The
which
thynge
the
giante
seinge
,
was
owt
of
feare
and
came
with
the
capitaynes
seruaunte
to
his
presence
into
a
lyttle
Ilande
.
When
he
sawe
the
capitayne
with
certeyne
of
his
coompany
abowte
hym
,
he
was
greatly
amased
and
made
signes
heldynge
vppe
his
hande
to
heauen
,
signifyinge
therby
that
owre
men
came
from
thense
.
This
giante
was
so
bygge
,
The
bygnes
of
the
giants
.
that
the
heade
of
one
of
owr
men
of
a
meane
stature
,
came
but
to
his
waste
.
He
was
of
good
corporature
and
well
made
in
all
partes
of
his
bodie
,
with
a
large
vysage
paynted
with
dyuers
coloures
,
but
for
the
most
parte
yelowe
.
Uppon
his
cheekes
were
paynted
two
hartes
,
and
redde
circles
abowt
his
eyes
.
The
heare
of
his
headde
was
coloured
whyte
,
and
his
apparell
was
the
skynne
of
a
beaste
sowde
togyther
.
This
beaste
(
as
seemed
vnto
vs
)
had
a
large
heade
and
great
eares
lyke
vnto
a
mule
,
with
the
body
of
a
camel
and
tayle
of
a
horse
.
The
feete
of
the
g●ant
were
foulded
in
the
sayde
skynne
after
the
maner
of
shoos
.
He
had
in
his
hande
,
a
bygge
and
shorte
bowe
,
the
strynge
whereof
was
made
of
a
synewe
of
that
beaste
.
He
had
also
a
bundell
of
longe
arrowes
made
of
reedes
fethered
after
the
maner
of
owrs
,
typte
with
sharpe
stones
in
the
steade
of
iren
heades
.
The
Capitayne
caused
him
to
eate
and
drynke
,
and
gaue
him
many
thynges
,
and
amonge
other
a
greate
lookynge
glasse
:
In
the
which
as
soone
as
he
sawe
his
owne
lykenesse
,
was
suddeynely
afrayde
and
started
backe
with
such
violence
that
he
ouerthrewe
two
that
stoode
nearest
abowte
hym
.
When
the
Capitayne
had
thus
gyuen
hym
certeyne
haukes
belles
and
other
great
belles
,
with
also
a
lookynge
glasse
,
a
combe
,
and
a
payre
of
beades
of
glasse
,
he
sente
hym
to
lande
with
foure
of
his
owne
men
well
armed
.
Shortely
after
,
they
sawe
an
other
giaunte
of
sumewhat
greater
stature
,
An other
giante
.
with
his
bowe
and
arrowes
in
his
hande
,
As
he
drewe
neare
vnto
owre
menne
,
he
layde
his
hande
on
his
heade
and
poynted
vp
towarde
heauen
,
and
owr
men
dyd
the
lyke
.
The
Capitayne
sente
his
shyppe
boate
to
brynge
him
to
a
lyttle
Ilande
beinge
in
the
hauen
.
This
giante
was
verye
tractable
and
pleasaunt
.
He
soonge
and
daunsed
:
and
in
his
daunsynge
lefte
the
printe
of
his
feete
on
the
grownde
.
Here
mayned
longe
with
owre
men
who
named
hym
Iohan.
He
coulde
wel
speake
and
playnely
pronounce
these
wordes
:
Iesus
:
Aue
Maria
,
Iohannes
,
euen
as
we
doo
,
but
with
a
bygger
voyce
.
The
capitayne
gaue
hym
a
shert
of
lynnen
clothe
,
and
a
coate
of
whyte
woollen
clothe
:
Also
a
cappe
,
a
combe
,
a
lookynge
glasse
,
with
dyuers
suche
other
thynges
,
and
so
sente
hym
to
his
coompany
.
The
day
folowyng
,
he
resorted
ageyne
to
the
shyppes
,
and
brought
with
hym
one
of
those
greate
beastes
▪
which
he
gaue
the
capitayne
.
But
after
that
daye
they
neuer
sawe
hym
more
,
supposynge
hym
to
bee
slayne
of
his
owne
coompany
for
the
conuersation
he
had
with
owre
men
.
After
other
.xv.
dayes
were
paste
,
there
came
foure
other
giantes
without
any
weapons
,
Foure
other
giantes
.
but
had
hydde
theyr
bowes
and
arrowes
in
certeyne
busshes
.
The
capitayne
reteyned
two
of
these
whiche
were
youngest
and
beste
made
.
He
tooke
them
by
a
deceyte
in
this
maner
,
that
gyuynge
them
knyues
,
sheares
,
Two
giantes
are
t●ken
by
a
po●licie
.
lookynge
glasses
,
belles
,
beades
of
crystall
,
&
suche
other
●ryfels
,
he
so
fylled
theyr
handes
that
they
coulde
hold
no
more
.
Then
caused
two
payre
of
shackels
of
iren
to
bee
put
on
theyr
legges
,
makynge
signes
that
he
wold
also
gyue
them
those
chaynes
:
which
they
lyked
very
wel
bycause
they
were
made
of
bryght
and
shynynge
metal
.
And
wheras
they
could
not
cary
them
bycause
theyr
handes
were
full
,
the
other
gyantes
wolde
haue
caryed
them
:
but
the
Capitayne
wolde
not
suffer
them
.
When
they
felte
the
shakels
faste
abowte
theyr
legges
,
they
begunne
to
doubte
:
but
the
Capitayne
dyd
put
them
in
comforte
and
badde
them
stande
styll
.
In
fine
when
they
sawe
how
they
were
deceaued
they
rored
lyke
bulles
and
cryed
vppon
theyr
greate
deuyll
Setebo●
to
helpe
them
.
The
deuyll
Setebos
.
Being
thus
taken
,
they
were
immediatly
seperate
and
put
in
sundry
shyppes
.
They
coulde
neuer
bynde
the
handes
of
the
other
two
,
Yet
was
one
of
them
with
much
difficultie
ouerthrowne
by
nyne
of
owre
men
,
and
his
handes
bownde
:
but
he
suddeynely
loosed
hym selfe
and
fledde
,
as
dyd
also
the
other
that
came
with
them
.
In
theyr
f●ying
,
they
shot
of
theyr
arrowes
and
slewe
one
of
owre
men
.
They
say
that
when
any
of
them
dye
,
Deuyls
app●r●
to
the
gyant●●
when
they
dye
.
there
appere
.x.
or
.xii.
deuyls
leapynge
and
daunsynge
about
the
bodye
of
the
deade
.
and
seeme
to
haue
theyr
boddyes
paynted
with
dyuers
colours
.
And
that
amonge
other
,
there
is
one
seene
bygger
then
the
residue
,
who
maketh
great
mirth
and
reioysynge
.
This
grea●e
deuyll
they
caule
Setebos
,
and
caule
the
lesse
Chel●ule
.
One
of
these
giantes
which
they
toke
,
declared
by
signes
that
he
had
seene
deuyls
with
two
hornes
aboue
theyr
heades
,
with
longe
heare
downe
to
theyr
feete
:
And
that
they
cast
furth
fyre
at
theyr
throtes
both
before
and
behynde
.
The
Capitayne
named
these
people
Patagoni
.
Patagoni
.
The
most
part
of
them
weare
the
skynnes
of
suche
beastes
wherof
I
haue
spoken
before
:
And
haue
no
houses
of
continuaunce
but
make
certeyne
cotages
whiche
they
couer
with
the
sayde
skynnes
,
and
cary
them
from
place
to
place
.
They
lyue
of
raw
flesshe
and
a
c●rteyne
sweete
roote
whiche
they
caule
Capar
.
One
of
these
which
they
had
in
theyr
shippes
,
dyd
eate
at
one
meale
a
basket
of
byskette
,
The
gyantes
feedynge
.
and
drunke
a
bowle
of
water
at
a
draught
.
They
remayned
fyue
monethes
in
this
porte
of
saint
Iuli●n
,
where
certeyne
of
the
vnder
capitaynes
conspirynge
the
death
of
theyr
general
,
They
cospire
ageynst
theyr
Capitayne
.
were
hanged
and
quartered
:
Amonge
whom
the
treasurer
Luigo
of
Mendozza
was
one
.
Certeyne
of
the
other
conspiratours
,
he
left
in
the
sayd
land
of
Patogoni
Departyng
from
hense
to
the
.52
.
degree
toward
the
pole
Antartike
lackynge
a
thyrde
parte
,
where
they
founde
a
ryuer
of
fresshe
water
and
good
fysshe
.
Theyr
shyppes
were
here
in
great
daungiour
.
They
remayned
twoo
monethes
in
this
porte
where
they
made
newe
prouision
of
fresshe
water
,
fuell
,
and
fysshe
.
Here
the
Capitayne
caused
all
his
men
to
bee
confessed
.
Confession
.
Approchynge
to
the
.52
.
degrees
,
they
founde
the
straight
nowe
cauled
the
straight
of
Magellanus
,
The
straight
of
Magellanus
.
beinge
in
sum
place
L.
x.
leaques
in
length
:
and
in
breadth
sumwhere
very
large
and
in
other
places
lyttle
more
then
halfe
a
leaque
in
bred●h
.
On
both
the
sydes
of
this
strayght
,
are
great
and
hygh
mountaynes
couered
with
snowe
,
beyonde
the
whiche
is
the
enteraunce
into
the
sea
of
Sur.
The
South
sea
.
This
enteraunce
the
Capitayne
named
Mare
Pacificum
.
Mare
pacificu●
.
Here
one
of
the
shyppes
stole
away
punilie
and
returned
into
Spaine
.
In
this
was
one
of
the
giantes
who
dyed
as
soone
as
he
felt
the
heate
that
is
abowte
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
.
When
the
Capitayne
Magalianes
was
past
the
straight
and
sawe
the
way
open
to
the
other
mayne
sea
,
The
giantes
di●d
fo●
heat
.
he
was
so
gladde
therof
that
for
ioy
the
teares
fell
from
his
eyes
,
and
named
the
poynt
of
the
lande
from
whense
he
fyrst
sawe
that
sea
,
Capo
D●siderato
.
Capo
Deside●ato
Supposing
that
the
shyp
which
stole
away
had
byn
loste
,
they
erected
a
cro●●e
vppon
the
top
of
a
hyghe
hyll
to
directe
their
course
in
the
straight
yf
it
were
theyr
chaunce
to
coome
that
way
.
They
founde
that
in
this
strayght
in
the
moneth
of
October
the
nyght
was
not
past
foure
houres
longe
.
Short
nights
in
the
moneth
of
October
.
They
found
in
this
strayght
at
euery
three
myles
,
a
safe
hauen
and
excellent
water
to
drynke
:
woodde
also
and
fysshe
,
and
greate
plentie
of
goodherbes
.
They
thynke
that
there
is
not
a
fayrer
strayght
in
the
worlde
.
Here
also
they
sawe
certeyne
●●yinge
fysshes
.
F●ying
fy●●hes
The
other
giante
which
remayned
with
them
in
the
shyp
,
named
breade
Capar
:
water
,
Ol●
:
redde
clothe
,
Chereca●red
colour
,
The
gyantes
language
.
Cheiche
:
blacke
colour
,
Amel
:
And
spoke
al
his
wordes
in
the
throte
.
On
a
tyme
,
as
one
made
a
crosse
before
him
and
kyssed
it
,
shewynge
it
vnto
●ym
,
he
suddeynely
cryed
Setebos
,
and
declared
by
signes
that
if
they
made
any
more
crosses
,
Setebos
wold
enter
into
his
body
and
make
him
brust
.
But
when
in
fine
he
sawe
no
hurte
coome
thereof
,
he
tooke
the
crosse
and
imbrased
and
kyssed
it
oftentymes
,
desyringe
that
he
myght
bee
a
Chrystian
before
his
death
.
He
was
therfore
baptysed
and
named
Paule
.
The
gyant
is
baptised
.
Departynge
owt
of
this
strayght
into
the
sea
cauled
Mare
Pacificum
the
.xxviii.
day
of
Nouember
in
the
yeare
.1520
.
they
sayled
three
moonethes
and
.xx.
dayes
before
they
sawe
any
lande
.
Three
monethes
sa
yt
lyng
without
the
syght
of
lande
.
And
hauynge
in
this
tyme
consumed
all
theyr
bysket
and
other
vyttayles
,
they
fell
into
suche
necessitie
that
they
were
inforced
to
eate
the
pouder
that
remayned
therof
beinge
nowe
full
of
woormes
and
stynkynge
lyke
pysse
by
reason
of
the
salte
water
.
Extreme
f●m●n
.
Theyr
fresshe
water
was
also
putrifyed
and
become
yelowe
.
They
dyd
eate
skynnes
and
pieces
of
lether
which
were
foulded
abowt
certeyne
great
ropes
of
the
shyps
.
But
these
skynnes
beinge
made
verye
harde
by
reason
of
the
soonne
,
rayne
and
wynde
,
they
hunge
them
by
a
corde
in
the
sea
for
the
space
of
foure
or
fiue
dayes
to
mollifie
them
,
and
sodde
them
and
eate
them
.
By
reason
of
this
famen
and
vnclene
feedynge
,
summe
of
theyr
gummes
grewe
so
ouer
theyr
teethe
,
Di●ease●
of
famen
.
that
they
dyed
miserably
for
hunger
.
And
by
this
occasion
dyed
.xix.
men
,
and
also
the
giante
with
an
Indian
of
the
lande
of
Brasile
otherwyse
cauled
Terra
de
papagalli
,
that
is
the
lande
of
popingiayes
.
Besyde
these
that
dyed
.xxv.
or
.xxx
were
so
sicke
that
they
were
not
able
to
doo
any
seruice
with
theyr
handes
or
armes
for
feeblenesse
:
So
that
there
was
in
maner
none
without
sum
disease
.
In
these
three
monethes
&
xx
.
dayes
,
they
sayled
foure
thousande
leaques
in
one
goulfe
by
the
sayde
sea
cauled
Pacific●m
(
that
is
)
peaceable
,
whiche
may
well
bee
so
cauled
forasmuch
as
in
all
this
tyme
hauyng
no
syght
of
any
lande
,
they
had
no
misfortune
of
wynde
o●
any
other
tempest
.
Durynge
this
tyme
also
,
they
discouered
only
two
little
Ilandes
vnhabited
,
where
they
sawe
nothing
but
birdes
and
trees
,
and
therefore
named
theym
infortunate
Ilandes
,
Unfortunate
Ilandes
.
beinge
one
from
the
other
abowte
two
hundreth
leaques
distante
.
The
firste
of
these
Ilandes
is
from
the
Equinoctial
toward
the
pole
Antartike
.xv.
degrees
,
and
the
other
fyue
.
Theyr
sailinge
was
in
suche
sorte
that
they
sailed
daily
betweene
.
l.lx
.
to
.lxx.
leaques
.
what
they
sayled
dayl●
So
that
in
fine
,
if
god
of
his
mercy
had
not
gyuen
them
good
wether
,
it
was
necessary
that
in
this
soo
greate
a
sea
they
shuld
all
haue
dred
for
hunger
.
Whiche
neuerthelesse
they
escaped
soo
hardely
,
that
it
may
bee
doubted
whether
euer
the
like
viage
may
be
attempted
with
so
good
successe
.
They
consydered
in
this
nauigation
that
the
pole
Antartike
hath
no
notable
starre
after
the
sorte
of
the
pole
Artike
.
But
they
sawe
many
starres
gathered
togyther
,
The
●tarre●
abow●
the
south
pole
.
whyche
are
like
two
clowdes
one
separate
a
l●ttle
from
an
other
,
and
sum
what
darke
in
the
myddest
.
Betweene
these
,
are
two
starres
not
very
bigge
,
nor
muche
shynninge
,
whiche
moue
a
little
:
And
these
two
are
the
pole
Antartike
.
The
needell
of
theyr
compasse
varyed
sumwhat
,
The
needle
of
the
coompase
.
and
turned
euer
towarde
the
pole
Artike
.
Neuerthelesse
,
had
no
suche
force
as
when
it
is
in
these
partes
of
the
pole
Artike
.
In
so
muche
that
it
was
nece●sarie
to
helpe
the
needle
with
the
lode
stone
(
commonly
cauled
the
adamant
)
before
they
could
saile
therwith
,
The
lode
stone
.
bycause
it
mou●d
not
as
it
doothe
when
it
is
in
these
owre
partes
.
When
they
were
in
the
myddest
of
the
goulfe
,
they
sawe
a
crosse
of
fiue
cleare
starres
directly
toward
the
West
,
eand
of
equall
distance
the
one
from
the
other
.
❧
The
order
of
the
starres
abowt
the
pole
Antartike
,
summe
haue
figured
in
this
maner
.
A.
The
pole
Antartike
.
B.
The
Crosse
.
In
these
dayes
they
sayled
betwene
the
West
and
South
so
farre
that
they
approched
to
the
Equinoctiall
line
,
The
Equinoctial
line
.
&
were
in
longitude
from
the
place
from
whense
they
fyrst
departed
,
a
hundreth
and
twentie
degrees
.
In
this
course
they
sayled
by
two
Ilandes
of
exceadynge
height
,
wherof
the
one
named
Cipanghu
,
is
.xx.
degrees
from
the
pole
Antartike
:
And
the
other
named
Sumbdit
.xv.
degrees
.
The
Ilandes
of
Cipanghu
and
Sumbdit
When
they
were
past
the
Equinoctiall
line
,
they
sayled
betwene
the
West
and
Southwest
at
the
quarter
of
the
West
towarde
the
Southwest
more
then
a
hundreth
leaques
,
changinge
theyr
sayles
to
the
quarter
of
the
Southwest
vntyll
they
came
to
the
.xiii.
degrees
aboue
the
Equinoctial
towarde
the
pole
Artyke
,
intendyng
as
much
as
were
possible
,
to
approche
to
the
cape
cauled
of
the
owlde
wryters
Cartigara
:
The
whiche
is
not
founde
as
the
owlde
Cosmographers
haue
discribed
it
,
but
is
towarde
the
north
abowt
.xii.
degrees
as
they
afterwarde
vnderstode
.
When
they
had
thus
sayled
.lxx.
leaques
of
this
vyage
in
the
.xii.
degree
aboue
the
Equinoctial
,
and
.
C.xlvi
.
degrees
of
longitude
(
as
I
haue
sayde
)
the
syxte
day
of
March
they
discouered
a
lyttle
Ilande
towarde
the
northweste
,
and
two
other
towarde
the
southweste
:
but
the
one
was
hygher
and
bygger
then
the
two
other
.
In
the
byggest
of
these
,
the
generall
capitayne
wolde
haue
rested
hym selfe
a
whyle
:
but
he
coulde
●ot
by
reason
the
people
of
these
Ilands
resorted
continually
to
the
shippes
with
theyr
canoas
,
and
stole
nowe
one
thynge
and
nowe
an
other
,
in
such
sorte
that
owr
men
could
take
no
reste
,
and
therfore
demaunded
of
the
capitayne
that
they
myght
stryke
theyr
sayles
to
brynge
the
shyppes
to
land
.
But
the
Capitayne
beinge
prouoked
to
anger
,
wente
alande
with
fortie
armed
men
,
and
burnte
about
fiftie
of
theyr
houses
with
many
of
theyr
Can●as
:
And
slewe
also
abowt
seuen
men
,
and
recouered
a
shyppe
boate
whiche
the
Barbarians
had
stolne
,
and
so
departed
folowynge
his
vyage
.
The
Capitayne
named
these
Ilands
Insulae
Latronum
,
that
is
,
Insule
Latronum
.
the
Ilands
of
theeues
.
When
owr
men
had
so
wounded
summe
of
th●ym
with
arrowes
that
they
were
stryken
throughe
bothe
syd●s
,
they
pulled
furth
the
arrowes
not
cea●yng
to
marueyle
at
them
tyll
they
●ell
downe
deade
:
And
yet
coulde
not
the
other
●o
depart
,
but
styll
folowed
●he
shyppes
with
more
then
two
hund●eth
of
theyr
boates
,
approchynge
as
nere
to
the
shyppes
as
they
coulde
,
and
prof●rynge
owre
men
certeyne
fysshee
.
As
the
s●yppes
passed
with
full
sayle
in
●he
myddeste
of
theyr
b●ates
,
they
sawe
in
sum
of
them
certeyne
wom●n
lam●n●ing
and
tearynge
theyr
heare
,
which
●wre
men
thought
they
did
for
the
death
of
theyr
husbandes
.
As
farre
as
they
could
perceaue
,
these
people
lyue
at
theyr
owne
libertie
without
anye
ruler
or
gouernour
.
They
go
naked
and
haue
blacke
beardes
and
blacke
heate
on
theyr
heades
whiche
they
weare
longe
downe
to
theyr
wastes
.
People
with
longe
heare
They
are
of
the
same
sta●ure
that
we
are
,
and
well
made
,
of
coloure
lyke
vnto
an
olyue
.
Theyr
women
are
well
fauored
with
blacke
and
thicke
heare
on
theyr
heades
reachynge
to
the
grownde
.
The
menne
coloure
theyr
teeth
redde
and
blacke
,
They
coloure
theyr
teethe
.
which
they
esteeme
a
coomely
thynge
.
They
annoynt
theyr
bodies
and
heare
with
the
oyle
of
Cocus
.
Theyr
boates
are
sum
all
blacke
,
sum
whyte
,
and
sum
redde
,
and
haue
sayles
made
of
the
broade
leaues
of
date
trees
sowd
togyther
.
In
the
steade
of
a
rudder
,
they
vse
a
certeyne
brode
boo
,
d●
with
a
staffe
in
the
toppe
,
and
maye
when
they
wyll
,
make
the
st●rne
the
forecastell
,
or
the
forecastell
the
sterne
.
They
sayle
to
swyftely
that
they
seeme
a
farre
of
,
lyke
Delphyns
swymmynge
aboue
the
water
.
The
tenth
day
of
●arch
,
in
the
yeare
.1521
.
they
wente
alande
vppon
a
lyttle
Ilande
named
Zamal
.xxx.
leaques
dystant
from
the
Ilande
of
the●ues
.
The
Ilande
of
zamail
.
Bycause
this
Ilande
was
not
inhabyted
,
they
rested
here
a
whyle
,
where
the
capitayne
caused
a
pauilion
to
bee
pytched
for
the
sicke
and
crased
men
,
and
a
hogge
to
bee
kylde
.
The
.xviii.
day
of
Marche
,
they
sawe
a
boate
with
nyne
men
commynge
towarde
them
,
shewynge
theim selues
ioyfull
and
reioysynge
of
theyr
commynge
.
They
brought
many
presentes
with
them
,
and
seemed
to
bee
people
of
much
humanitie
.
They
gaue
the
cap●tayne
a
great
fyshe
,
and
a
great
vessel
of
the
wyne
of
those
date
trees
whiche
beare
the
frute
Cocus
.
wyne
of
date
trees
.
They
made
also
signes
that
within
the
space
of
foure
dayes
,
they
wolde
bryng
rysse
and
dyuers
foules
and
beasts
as
they
dyd
in
deede
.
This
Cocu●
is
a
frute
of
certeyne
date
trees
whereof
they
make
breade
,
The
maruelous
frute
.
Cocus
.
wyne
,
oyle
,
and
vineger
.
They
make
wyne
in
this
maner
.
They
cutte
a
bygge
braunche
of
the
tree
,
&
hange
therat
a
reede
as
bigge
as
a
mans
legge
,
into
the
which
droppeth
a
sweete
li●●ur
from
the
tree
lyke
vnto
newe
whyte
wine
sumwhat
●ar●
,
&
let
the
reede
continewe
there
from
mornynge
tyll
euenynge
,
and
from
euenynge
to
mornynge
.
The
frute
of
this
tree
cauled
Cocus
,
is
as
bygge
as
the
head
of
a
●an
or
more
.
The
fyrste
rynde
of
this
,
is
greene
and
of
the
thyckenesse
of
two
fyngers
,
hauynge
in
it
certeyne
threedes
wherof
they
make
cordes
with
the
which
they
tye
theyr
boates
.
Under
this
rynde
,
there
is
a
thicke
shell
whiche
they
burne
and
make
pouder
therof
and
vse
it
as
a
remedie
for
certeyne
diseases
.
Under
this
shell
,
is
a
whyte
substaunce
lyke
the
carnell
of
a
nutte
being
a
fynger
in
thickenesse
,
which
they
eate
with
flesshe
and
fysshe
as
wee
doo
breade
.
It
hath
the
taste
of
an
almonde
,
and
is
vsed
in
the
steade
of
breade
when
it
is
dryed
.
In
the
myddest
of
this
carnell
,
is
a
cleare
and
sweete
water
,
beinge
very
holsome
and
cordiale
.
This
water
sumtyme
congeleth
and
lyeth
within
the
shell
lyke
an
egge
.
When
they
intende
to
make
oyle
hereof
,
they
ley
it
to
putrifie
in
water
,
and
boyle
it
vntyll
it
bee
lyke
oyle
or
liquide
butter
.
When
they
intende
to
make
vineger
,
they
suffer
only
the
water
to
putrifie
,
and
then
set
it
to
the
soonne
where
it
becommeth
vineger
lyke
vnto
that
which
is
made
of
whyte
wyne
.
And
when
they
mengle
the
carnell
with
the
water
which
is
in
the
myddest
of
the
frute
,
and
strayne
it
thorowe
a
cloth
,
they
make
a
mylke
therof
lyke
vnto
goates
mylke
.
These
date
trees
are
lyke
vnto
them
that
beare
dates
,
but
are
not
so
full
of
knottes
.
With
the
iuise
of
two
of
these
date
trees
,
a
hole
famelie
of
tenne
persons
may
bee
maynteyned
with
wyne
vsynge
one
viii
.
dayes
,
and
the
other
,
other
.viii.
dayes
:
for
they
shulde
els
bee
dryed
and
wythered
.
These
trees
continue
for
the
space
of
a
hundreth
yeares
.
This
Ilande
where
they
founde
this
humane
and
gentell
people
,
is
cauled
Zuluan
,
The
Iland
of
zuluan
and
is
not
verye
bygge
.
Abowt
this
Ilande
they
founde
manye
other
Ilandes
,
and
therefore
named
this
sea
Archipelago
di
San
Lazaro
,
The
sea
caul●d
Arch●pelago
d●●an
La●aro
.
that
is
,
the
great
sea
of
saynte
Lazarus
,
beinge
tenne
degrees
aboue
the
Equinoctiall
towarde
owre
pole
,
and
.
C.lxi.
frome
the
place
from
whense
they
departed
.
The
people
of
this
Ilande
are
Caphranitae
(
that
is
gentyles
.
Gentyles
.
They
go
naked
sauynge
that
they
couer
theyr
priuie
partes
with
a
clothe
made
of
the
rynde
of
a
certeyne
tree
.
The
chiefest
men
,
haue
abowte
theyr
heades
a
sylken
cloth
of
needle
woorke
.
They
are
grosse
and
brode
set
and
of
the
coloure
of
an
oliue
.
They
annoynte
theyr
bodies
with
the
oyle
of
Cocus
to
defend
them
ageynst
the
heate
of
the
soonne
and
drynesse
of
the
wynde
.
The
.xxv.
day
of
Marche
,
they
departed
from
hense
and
directed
theyr
course
betwene
the
Weste
and
southwest
,
and
sayled
betwene
foure
Ilandes
named
Cenalo
,
Huinanghan
,
Hibusson
,
and
Abarien
,
Foure
Ilands
&c.
The
xxviii
.
daye
of
Marche
,
they
came
to
the
Ilande
of
Buthuan
where
they
were
honorably
interteyned
of
the
Kynge
and
the
Prince
his
soonne
who
gaue
theim
muche
golde
and
spices
.
The
Iland
of
Buthuan
.
The
capitayne
gaue
the
kynge
a
vesture
of
red
clothe
and
an
other
of
yelowe
made
after
the
Turaysshe
fasshyon
,
and
also
a
red
cappe
.
And
gaue
li●ewi●e
to
other
that
came
with
hym
,
certeyne
knyues
,
glasses
,
and
beades
of
cristalle
.
After
that
,
the
capitayne
had
shewed
the
Kynge
the
secreates
of
his
shippe
and
suche
marchaundies
as
he
had
therin
,
he
caused
a
piece
of
ordinaunce
suddenly
to
bee
shore
of
,
whereat
the
kyng
was
greately
amased
vntil
the
capitayne
comforted
hym
.
Then
the
Capitaine
commaunded
one
of
his
men
to
be
armed
from
the
heade
to
the
foote
,
and
caused
three
other
to
strike
hym
with
theyr
swoordes
,
whereat
the
Kynge
maruayled
greately
,
and
sayde
to
th
interpretoure
(
who
was
a
slaue
borne
in
Malacha
)
that
one
of
those
armed
men
was
able
to
encounter
with
a
hundreth
of
his
men
.
But
he
maruayled
muche
more
when
the
capitaine
tould
hym
by
th
interpretoure
howe
he
founde
the
straight
by
the
compasse
and
lode
stone
,
and
howe
many
dayes
they
were
without
sight
of
any
lande
.
Then
askynge
licence
to
departe
,
the
capitayne
sente
two
of
his
men
with
him
,
of
the
whiche
Antonie
Pigafetta
was
one
.
When
the
kynge
sawe
Antonie
Pigafetta
write
the
names
of
many
thinges
,
and
afterwarde
rehearse
them
ageyne
,
he
maruayled
yet
more
,
makynge
sygnes
that
suche
men
descended
from
heauen
.
The
Kynge
brought
them
firste
to
his
pallaice
where
he
interteyned
them
honorably
and
gaue
them
manye
gyftes
,
as
dyd
also
the
Prince
in
his
pallaice
beynge
in
an
other
Ilande
named
Caleghan
.
The
Iland
of
Cal●ghan
.
As
they
syfted
a
certeyne
myne
of
earthe
in
the
Kynges
Ilande
,
they
founde
pieces
of
golde
,
su●
as
bigge
as
nuttes
and
other
as
bigge
as
egges
.
All
the
kynges
ve●selles
were
of
golde
,
Plent●e
of
golde
.
and
his
house
well
furnysshed
.
In
all
the
hole
nation
there
was
no
man
of
coomlier
personage
then
the
kinge
.
He
had
his
heare
long
downe
to
his
shulders
,
and
very
blake
,
with
a
vaile
of
silke
rowled
abowte
his
head
,
The
kynge
of
Buthuan
.
and
two
greate
ringes
of
golde
hanginge
at
his
eares
.
He
had
abowte
hys
myddle
,
a
clothe
wroughte
of
cotton
and
silke
impaled
wyth
golde
,
and
reacheinge
downe
to
his
knees
.
On
his
one
syde
,
he
had
a
long
dager
with
a
hafte
of
golde
,
and
the
shethe
of
a
fayre
kynde
of
carued
woodde
.
He
had
on
euery
finger
,
three
ringes
of
golde
,
and
had
his
bodie
annoynted
with
oyle
of
storax
and
Beniamin
.
The
natural
coloure
of
his
face
was
like
vnto
the
coloure
of
an
oliue
:
And
all
his
bodye
bysyde
paynted
with
diuers
colours
.
The
kynges
name
was
Raia
Colambu
,
and
the
Prince
was
cauled
Raia
Siagu
.
The
laste
day
of
Marche
neare
vnto
Easter
,
the
capitaine
caused
his
preeste
to
say
masse
,
Masse
.
and
sente
to
the
kinge
by
th
interpretoure
,
that
his
commyng
a
lande
at
that
tyme
was
not
to
dyne
with
hym
,
but
only
to
heare
masse
.
The
Capitayne
came
alande
with
fyftie
of
his
men
in
theyr
best
apparel
with
owte
weapons
or
harnesse
,
and
all
the
resydue
well
armed
.
Before
the
boates
came
to
lande
,
he
caused
sixe
pieces
of
ordinaunce
to
be
shotte
of
in
token
of
peace
,
and
so
came
aland
,
where
the
two
kinges
embrased
hym
,
and
accompanyed
hym
to
the
place
appoynted
for
masse
to
be
sayde
not
farre
frome
the
sea
syde
.
Sumwhat
before
the
beginnynge
of
masse
,
the
Capitayne
sprinkeled
the
Kynges
with
damaske
water
.
When
the
preeste
was
at
mid
masse
at
the
offitorie
,
the
kings
profered
them selues
to
go
to
kysse
the
crosse
with
the
capytayne
,
but
offered
nothynge
.
At
the
tyme
of
sacringe
when
the
preeste
lifted
vppe
the
bodie
of
Christ
,
and
the
Christians
kneeled
downe
and
helde
vppe
their
handes
ioyned
togither
,
the
kinges
dyd
the
like
also
wyth
greate
reuerence
.
In
the
meane
tyme
,
whyle
certeyne
of
the
Christians
were
at
the
communion
,
a
handegunne
was
shotte
of
to
signifie
vnto
theym
that
were
in
the
shyppes
,
to
discharge
all
theyr
ordinaunce
.
When
masse
was
fynysshed
,
the
Capitaine
caused
certeyne
of
his
men
to
put
on
theyr
harnesse
and
to
make
a
combat
with
theyr
naked
swoordes
,
A
combatte
.
wherat
the
kynges
tooke
great
pleasure
.
This
doone
,
the
Capitaine
caused
a
crosse
to
be
brought
furth
,
with
nayles
and
a
crowne
of
thornes
,
The
Crosse
and
crowne
of
thornes
.
gyuynge
commaundement
to
all
his
men
to
gyue
reuerence
therunto
,
and
signifyinge
to
the
kynges
by
th
interpretour
that
that
banner
was
gyuen
hym
by
Th
emperoure
his
lorde
and
master
,
with
commaundement
t●
l●aue
the
same
in
al
places
where
he
came
to
the
great
commoditie
and
profite
of
all
such
as
wolde
reuerendly
receaue
it
as
an
assured
token
of
frendship
:
And
that
he
wold
ther●ore
leaue
it
there
aswel
to
accomplyshe
his
lords
commaundement
,
as
also
that
if
at
any
tyme
any
shyppes
of
Christians
shulde
chaunce
to
coome
that
way
,
shulde
by
seing
that
crosse
perceaue
that
owre
men
had
byn
well
enterteyned
there
.
and
wolde
therfore
not
onely
absteyne
from
doing
them
any
hurte
or
displeasure
,
but
also
helpe
to
ayde
them
ageynste
theyr
enemies
.
And
that
therfore
it
shulde
bee
requisite
to
erecte
that
crosse
v●pon
the
toppe
of
the
hygheste
mountayne
that
myght
bee
seene
from
the
sea
on
euery
syde
.
Also
to
pray
vnto
it
reuerently
.
And
that
in
so
doinge
,
they
shulde
not
bee
hurte
with
thunder
,
lyghtnynge
,
or
tempestes
.
When
the
kynges
harde
these
woordes
,
they
gaue
the
Capitayne
great
thankes
,
promysinge
gladly
to
obserue
and
fulfyll
all
suche
thynges
as
he
required
.
Then
the
Capitayne
demaunded
whether
they
were
Moores
or
gentyles
.
Moores
and
gentyles
.
They
answered
that
they
had
none
other
kynde
of
religion
,
but
that
lyftyng●
vppe
theyr
handes
ioyned
togyther
and
theyr
faces
toward
heauen
,
they
cauled
vppon
theyr
god
Abba
.
whiche
answere
lyked
the
Capitayne
ver●
well
,
bycause
the
gentyles
are
sooner
persuaded
to
owre
fayth
then
the
Moores
.
&c.
Many
Ilands
D●partynge
frome
hense
,
they
came
to
the
Ilandes
of
Zeilon
,
Zubuth
,
Messana
,
and
Calaghan
,
by
the
conducte
of
certeyne
pylottes
of
the
sayde
kynges
.
Of
these
,
Zubuth
is
the
beste
,
and
hath
the
trade
of
beste
trafique
.
In
the
Ilande
of
M●ssana
,
The
Iland
of
Messana
.
they
founde
dogges
,
cattes
,
hogges
,
heunes
,
goates
,
ry●e
,
ginger
,
Cocus
,
mylle
,
panyke
,
barlye
,
fygges
,
oranges
ware
▪
and
golde
in
greate
quantitie
.
This
Ilande
is
aboue
the
Equinoctiall
towarde
owre
pole
.ix.
degrees
twoo
thyrde
partes
:
and
.162
.
degrees
frome
the
place
frome
whense
they
depar●ed
.
They
remayned
in
this
Iland
for
the
space
of
.viii
dayes
,
and
then
directed
theyr
vyage
towarde
the
northwest
,
and
passed
betwene
these
fyue
Ilandes
,
Zeilon
,
Bohol
,
Cangbu
,
Barbai
,
and
Catighan
.
In
this
Ilande
of
Catighan
,
are
certeyne
great
battes
as
bygge
as
Eagles
,
Battes
as
bygge
as
Eagles
.
of
the
which
they
toke
one
.
They
are
good
to
bee
eaten
,
and
of
taste
muche
lyke
a
henne
.
There
are
also
stocke
dooues
,
Fowles
with
hornes
.
turtle
dooues
,
popingiayes
,
and
certeyne
foules
as
bygge
as
hennes
.
These
foules
haue
lyttle
hornes
,
and
lay
great
egges
,
which
they
couer
a
cubet
depthe
in
the
sande
,
Egges
hatched
in
sand
.
by
the
heate
whereof
and
vertue
of
the
soonne
,
they
are
hatch●d
,
and
the
younge
byrdes
creepe
owte
of
the
sande
by
them selues
.
From
the
Ilande
of
Messana
to
Catighan
▪
are
.xx.
leaques
saylynge
towarde
the
West
.
And
bycause
the
kynge
of
Messana
coulde
not
folowe
the
shyppes
,
they
taryed
for
him
about
the
Ilandes
of
Polo
,
Ticobon
,
and
Pozon
,
where
the
Capitayne
tooke
hym
into
his
shippe
with
certeyne
of
his
principall
men
,
and
so
folowed
theyr
vyage
towarde
the
Ilande
of
Zubut
,
The
Ilande
of
zubut
.
whiche
is
abowte
fiftie
leagues
distante
from
Catighan
.
The
.vii.
day
of
Apryll
abowte
no
one
,
they
entered
into
the
porte
of
Zubut
:
And
passynge
by
many
vyllages
and
habitacions
in
trees
,
they
came
to
the
citie
,
where
the
Capitayne
gaue
commaundement
to
the
maryners
to
stryke
theyr
sayles
&
to
set
them selues
in
order
in
maner
of
battayle
ray
,
causing
all
the
ordinaunce
to
bee
shorte
of
,
wherewith
all
the
people
were
put
in
greate
feare
.
After
this
,
the
Capitayne
sent
an
ambassadoure
with
th
interpretoure
to
the
kynge
of
Zabut
.
The
kynge
of
zubut
.
When
they
approched
nere
to
the
citie
,
they
founde
the
kyng
with
a
great
company
of
men
sore
astonyshed
at
the
noyse
of
the
gunnes
,
But
th
interpretour
aduertised
them
that
it
was
the
custome
of
owre
men
in
al
sucke
places
where
●hey
coome
,
to
discharge
theyr
ordinaunce
in
token
of
frendeshyppe
and
to
honour
the
lorde
of
the
citie
.
With
which
woordes
the
kyng
and
his
coompany
,
were
well
quieted
.
After
this
,
th
interpretour
declared
that
his
master
was
the
Capitayne
of
the
ships
of
the
greatest
Prince
in
the
worlde
,
and
that
they
wente
to
discouer
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
:
And
further
,
that
hearyng
of
his
good
name
and
fame
by
the
reporte
of
the
kyng
of
Messana
,
they
determyned
to
visite
hym
and
to
haue
vyttayles
for
exchaunge
of
theyr
marchaundies
.
The
kynge
answered
that
he
was
well
contented
therwith
,
and
that
t●ey
were
hartely
welcoome
.
Neuertheles●e
,
that
it
was
a
custome
in
that
place
▪
that
all
〈◊〉
shyppes
as
cutered
into
that
hauen
,
shuld
pay
tribute
:
And
that
there
were
not
many
dayes
paste
,
sence
a
shyppe
laden
with
golde
and
slaues
dyd
so
paye
.
A
shyp
laden
with
gold
and
slaues
.
In
token
wherof
,
he
caused
to
coome
before
hym
certeyne
marchaunces
of
that
coompany
whiche
yet
remayned
with
hym
.
To
this
thinter●recour
answered
,
that
forasmuch
as
his
lorde
was
the
Capitayne
o●
so
myghtie
a
Prince
,
he
neuer
payde
tribute
to
any
kynge
in
the
worlde
,
and
wolde
not
nowe
begynne
.
Wyllynge
hym
to
take
this
for
a
resolute
answere
,
that
if
he
wolde
accepte
the
peace
that
was
profered
hym
,
he
shulde
enioy
it
,
And
if
he
rather
desyred
warre
,
he
shoulde
haue
his
handes
full
.
When
th
interpretour
had
sayde
these
woordes
,
one
of
the
sayde
marchauntes
(
who
was
a
Moore
)
spake
to
the
kynge
in
this
maner
.
CATACAIA
Chitae
:
that
is
.
Take
hede
syr.
For
these
men
are
they
that
haue
conquered
Calicut
,
Calicut
.
Malaca
,
Malacha
.
and
all
the
greater
India
:
and
are
of
suche
poure
that
yf
yowe
intreate
them
otherwyse
then
well
,
yowe
may
to
late
knowe
what
they
are
able
to
doo
more
then
they
haue
doone
at
Calicut
and
Malaca
.
When
th
interpretoure
harde
these
woordes
,
he
sayde
that
the
kynge
his
lorde
was
of
much
greater
puissaunce
and
more
dominions
,
and
lorde
of
more
shyppes
then
was
the
kynge
of
Portugale
:
declarynge
further
that
he
was
kynge
of
Spayne
and
Emperour
of
all
Christendome
Addynge
hereunto
that
yf
he
wolde
not
bee
his
frende
,
he
wolde
hereafter
sende
thyther
suche
a
poure
of
armed
men
as
shulde
destroy
his
contrey
.
The
Moore
conferred
all
these
woordes
with
the
kynge
,
who
sayde
that
he
wolde
further
deliberate
with
his
counsayle
,
and
gyue
theym
a
full
answere
the
daye
folowynge
.
In
the
meane
tyme
he
sente
theym
certeyne
vyttayles
and
wyne
.
When
all
these
thynges
were
declared
to
the
kynge
of
M●ssana
who
was
the
chiefest
there
abowt
nexte
vnto
hym
,
and
lorde
of
many
Ilandes
,
he
wente
alande
and
repayred
to
the
kynge
of
Zubut
and
declared
vnto
hym
the
great
humanitie
and
curtesie
of
the
generall
Capitayne
.
Shortely
after
,
the
Capitayne
sente
certeyne
of
his
men
with
th
interpretour
to
the
kynge
of
Zubut
to
knowe
his
pleasure
and
what
aunswere
he
wolde
make
them
.
As
they
wente
towarde
the
courte
,
they
mette
the
kynge
commyng
in
the
streete
accompanied
with
many
of
his
chiefe
men
.
He
caused
owr
men
to
sit
downe
by
him
,
and
demaunded
of
them
if
there
were
any
more
then
one
Capitayne
in
theyr
coompanie
:
And
whether
it
were
theyr
requeste
that
he
shulde
pay
tribute
to
Th
emperour
.
They
answered
that
they
desyred
none
other
thynge
but
that
they
myght
exercise
marchaundies
with
them
,
Sheadyng
of
bludde
is
a
token
of
frendshyppe
and
to
barter
ware
for
ware
.
The
kynge
made
answere
that
he
was
well
content
therwith
:
wyllynge
the
Capitayne
in
token
of
frendshippe
to
sende
him
a
little
of
the
blud
of
his
ryght
arme
,
affirmyng
that
he
wold
do
the
lyke
.
&c
After
this
the
kynge
of
Messana
with
the
kynge
of
Zubu●
his
neuie
(
who
was
the
prince
)
and
certeyne
other
of
his
gentylmen
,
came
to
the
shyppes
and
brought
the
Capitayne
many
goodly
presentes
.
They
entered
into
greate
amitie
,
and
had
large
communication
of
many
thynges
.
The
Capitayne
persuaded
them
to
the
Christian
fayth
,
which
they
gladly
embrased
,
and
tooke
suche
pleasure
in
hearynge
the
articles
of
owre
beliefe
,
that
the
teares
fell
from
theyr
eyes
for
ioye
.
They
were
baptised
,
The
kynge
of
zibut
is
baptised
.
and
shortely
after
all
the
people
of
the
Ilande
.
They
esteeme
nothyng
more
precious
then
drynking
glasses
of
Uenice
woorke
.
When
they
came
to
the
citie
,
they
founde
the
kyng
in
his
pallaice
sittynge
vppon
a
floure
or
stuorie
made
of
the
leaues
of
date
trees
wrought
after
a
curious
diuise
lyke
a
certeyne
kynde
of
mattes
.
He
had
vppon
his
body
,
none
other
apparell
but
only
a
cloth
of
bombasine
cotton
hangyng
before
his
priuie
partes
.
The
kynge
of
zubut
his
apparell
.
On
his
heade
,
he
had
a
vayle
of
needle
worke
:
and
abowte
his
necke
a
chaine
of
greate
price
.
At
his
eares
,
hunge
two
rynges
of
golde
wherein
were
inclosed
many
precious
stones
.
He
was
but
of
smaule
stature
,
but
sumewhat
grosse
,
and
had
the
residue
of
his
body
paynted
with
dyuers
coloures
wherof
sum
were
lyke
vnto
flamynge
fyre
.
Before
hym
,
he
had
two
vesselles
made
of
the
fine
earth
cauled
Porcellana
,
with
sodden
egges
.
Also
four
vessels
of
Porcellana
full
of
wyne
made
of
date
trees
,
and
couered
with
many
odoriferous
herbes
.
The
prince
brought
them
to
his
house
,
where
he
had
foure
doughters
verye
well
fauoured
and
whyte
lyke
owres
.
well
fauored
women
.
He
caused
them
to
daunce
all
naked
,
and
therwith
to
synge
,
and
play
on
certeyne
tymbrelles
made
of
metall
.
At
this
tyme
it
so
chaunced
that
one
of
the
Spanyardes
dyed
in
one
of
the
shyppes
.
And
when
certeyne
of
theyr
coompanye
desyred
the
kynge
to
gyue
them
leaue
to
burie
hym
on
the
land
,
he
answered
that
forasmuch
as
he
and
all
his
,
were
at
the
commaundement
of
theyr
kynge
and
master
,
how
much
more
ought
the
grounde
so
to
bee
.
They
greatly
marueyled
at
the
cerimonies
perteynyng
to
the
maner
of
owre
funeralles
,
and
honoured
the
crosses
whiche
were
set
at
bothe
th
endes
the
graue
.
They
lyue
with
iustice
,
and
vse
waightes
and
measures
.
Theyr
houses
are
made
of
Timber
and
sawne
boordes
:
and
are
so
buylded
aboue
the
grownde
vppon
proppes
and
pyles
,
that
they
ascende
to
the
same
by
certeyne
stayers
.
Under
theyr
houses
,
they
keepe
theyr
hogges
and
hennes
.
When
they
came
to
barterynge
,
Barterynge
they
gaue
golde
,
rysse
,
hogges
,
hennes
,
and
dyuers
other
thynges
for
sume
of
owre
tryfels
of
smaule
value
.
They
gaue
tenne
Pesos
of
golde
for
xvi
.
poundes
weyght
of
men
.
Pesus
what
.
One
pesus
is
in
value
a
ducate
and
a
halfe
.
The
sunday
folowynge
,
the
kynge
was
baptysed
with
great
solemnitie
.
At
which
tyme
,
the
Capitayne
admonysshed
him
before
not
to
bee
afrayde
at
the
shootyng
of
of
the
ordinaunce
,
bycause
it
was
theyr
custome
so
to
doo
at
such
solemne
feastes
.
After
this
,
the
Capitayne
caused
theym
to
breake
all
theyr
Idoles
,
They
breake
theyr
Idoles
and
erecte
the
crosse
.
and
to
set
vppe
the
crosse
in
dyuers
places
,
prayinge
to
the
same
bothe
mornynge
and
euenynge
kneelynge
on
theyr
knees
and
holdynge
vp
theyr
handes
ioyned
togyther
.
The
kinge
in
his
baptisme
,
was
named
Charles
after
the
Emperours
name
,
and
the
Prince
,
Ferdinando
after
the
name
of
his
maiesties
brother
.
The
kynge
of
Messana
was
named
Iohn
,
and
the
Moore
Christopher
.
To
all
other
they
gaue
such
names
as
are
commonly
vsed
in
Christendome
.
And
thus
beefore
masse
was
begunne
,
were
fiue
hundreth
men
baptised
.
Fyue
hundreth
men
baptised
.
When
masse
was
fynysshed
,
the
Capitayne
inuited
the
kynge
to
dyne
with
him
in
his
shyppe
,
and
at
his
commynge
,
caused
the
ordinaunce
to
bee
discharged
.
The
queene
of
zubut
.
The
queene
was
also
baptised
with
fortie
of
her
gentlewomen
,
and
her
doughter
the
Princes
wife
.
The
queene
was
very
younge
and
fayre
,
hauynge
her
body
couered
with
a
white
cloth
.
Her
lyppes
were
redde
,
and
she
had
on
her
head
a
hat
,
on
the
toppe
wherof
was
a
triple
crowne
much
lyke
the
papes
This
crowne
&
the
hat
,
were
made
of
the
leues
of
dates
trees
.
Within
the
space
of
.viii.
dayes
,
th
inhabitauntes
of
the
Ilande
were
baptised
excepte
one
vyllage
of
Idolaters
who
wolde
not
herein
obey
the
kynges
commaundement
.
Wheruppon
the
Capitayne
sent
certeyne
of
his
menne
thyther
,
who
burnt
the
towne
and
erected
a
crosse
in
that
place
bycause
the
people
of
the
vyllage
were
gentyles
(
that
is
)
Idolaters
.
But
if
they
had
byn
Moores
(
that
is
Machumetistes
)
they
wold
haue
erected
a
pyller
of
stone
,
bycause
the
Moores
are
more
stooberne
and
harder
to
bee
conuerted
then
are
the
gentyles
.
When
the
queene
came
to
the
place
where
shee
shuld
heare
masse
,
shee
came
furth
with
great
pompe
and
solemnitie
,
hauynge
goinge
before
her
three
younge
damoselles
and
three
men
with
theyr
cappes
in
theyr
handes
,
The
queenes
apparell
.
whom
shee
folowed
apparelled
in
whyte
and
blacke
,
with
a
great
vayle
of
sylke
vppon
her
heade
fringed
abowte
with
golde
,
whiche
couered
her
hatte
and
hunge
downe
to
her
shoulders
.
Shee
had
also
a
great
trayne
of
women
folowynge
her
,
beinge
all
barefooted
and
naked
,
excepte
that
vppon
theyr
heades
and
priuie
partes
,
they
wore
certeyne
vayles
of
silke
,
and
hadde
theyr
heare
spredde
.
Before
the
kynge
of
Zubut
was
baptised
,
he
was
named
Raia
Humabuon
.
When
the
Capitayne
demaunded
of
hym
why
all
the
Idoles
in
the
Ilande
were
not
burnt
accordynge
to
his
promesse
,
he
answered
that
they
esteemed
them
no
more
as
goddes
,
but
only
made
sacrifice
to
theym
for
the
Princes
brother
who
was
very
sycke
,
and
as
noble
and
wyttie
a
man
as
was
in
the
Ilande
.
The
Capitayne
answered
that
if
he
wolde
burne
a●
his
Idoles
and
beleue
faythfully
in
Christ
,
and
bee
baptised
,
he
shulde
be
immediatly
restored
to
health
,
and
that
he
wolde
els
gyue
them
leaue
to
stryke
of
his
heade
.
By
these
woordes
and
persuasions
of
the
Capitayne
,
he
conceaued
such
hope
of
health
,
that
after
he
was
baptised
he
felt
no
more
greefe
of
his
disease
.
And
this
was
a
manifest
myracle
wrought
in
owre
tyme
wherby
dyuers
infidels
were
conuerted
to
owre
fayth
,
A
miracle
.
and
theyr
Idoles
destroyed
,
and
also
theyr
altares
ouerthrowen
on
the
whiche
they
were
accustomed
to
eate
the
sacrifyced
flesshe
.
The
people
of
the
Ilande
pay
the
kynge
a
portion
of
vittayles
for
theyr
tribute
by
all
theyr
cities
and
vyllages
.
Not
farre
from
this
Ilande
of
Zubut
,
is
the
Iland
of
Mathan
,
The
Iland
of
Mathan
.
whose
inhabitauntes
vse
maruelous
cerimonies
in
theyr
sacrifices
to
the
soonne
and
burying
the
deade
.
They
weare
rynges
of
golde
abowt
theyr
priuie
members
.
The
Ilande
is
gouerned
by
two
Princes
wherof
the
one
is
named
Zula
,
and
the
other
Cilapulapu
.
And
wheras
this
Cilapulapu
refused
to
pay
tribute
to
the
kynge
of
Spayne
,
the
Capitayne
went
ageynst
hym
in
his
owne
person
with
.lx.
of
his
menne
armed
with
coates
of
mayle
and
helmettes
.
Cilapulapu
diuided
his
army
into
three
battayles
,
hauynge
in
euery
battaile
two
thousand
and
fiftie
men
armed
with
bowes
,
arrowes
,
dartes
and
iauelins
hardened
at
the
poyntes
with
fyer
.
This
continued
longe
and
sharpe
.
But
the
Capitayne
beinge
a
valient
man
and
presynge
hym selfe
in
the
brunte
of
the
battayle
,
was
sore
wounded
and
slayne
,
The
capitaine
Magellanus
is
slayne
.
forasmuch
as
the
moste
of
the
Barbarians
directed
all
theyr
force
ageynst
hym
.
Besyde
the
Capitayne
,
were
slayne
of
owre
men
abowt
.viii.
or
.ix.
Of
the
Barbarians
,
were
.xv.
slayne
and
many
sore
wounded
.
After
the
death
of
the
Capitayne
,
they
chose
two
other
in
his
place
,
of
the
which
one
was
Odoardo
Barbessa
a
Portugale
,
and
the
other
Iohn
Serrano
who
was
shortely
after
betrayde
by
th
interpretour
and
taken
prisoner
with
dyuers
other
.
Certeyne
dayes
before
the
Capitaynes
death
,
they
hadde
knowleage
of
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
whiche
they
chiefely
sought
.
Departynge
therfore
from
the
Ilande
of
Mathan
,
they
sayled
farre
and
came
to
the
cape
of
an
other
Ilande
named
Bohol
.
The
Iland
of
Bohol
.
In
the
myddest
of
this
mayne
sea
(
whiche
they
named
Archipelagus
)
they
consulted
to
burne
the
shyppe
named
Conception
,
They
burnte
one
of
theyr
shyppes
.
bycause
they
were
nowe
fewe
in
number
,
and
to
furnyshe
the
other
two
shyppes
with
th
artillerie
therof
.
Thus
directynge
theyr
course
towarde
Southewest
,
they
came
to
an
other
Ilande
named
pauiloghon
,
where
they
founde
blacke
men
lyke
vnto
the
Sarasins
.
Shortly
after
,
they
arryued
at
an
other
great
Iland
,
Blacke
men
.
whose
kyng
named
Raia
Calauar
,
intreated
them
very
frendely
in
all
thynges
as
dyd
the
kyng
of
Messana
.
This
Ilande
is
ryche
in
golde
,
and
hath
plentie
of
rysse
,
gynger
,
hogges
,
goates
,
hennes
,
and
dyuers
other
thynges
.
It
is
named
Chippit
,
The
Ilande
of
Chippit
.
and
is
.viii.
degrees
aboue
the
Equinoctiall
line
towarde
owr
pole
:
And
in
longitude
from
the
place
from
whense
they
first
departed
.170
.
degrees
:
And
abowt
.50
.
leaques
from
Zubut
.
Departinge
frome
hense
they
came
to
an
other
Iland
named
Caghaian
beinge
40.
leaques
frome
Chippit
as
they
sayled
betwene
the
weste
and
Southe
weste
.
The
Iland
of
Caghaian
.
This
Ilande
is
very
greate
,
and
in
maner
vnhabited
.
The
people
are
moores
,
and
were
banyssshed
owt
of
the
Ilande
of
Burnei
whiche
sum
caule
Porne
.
Frome
this
Ilande
aboute
xxv
.
leaques
betwene
the
west
and
northe
weste
,
they
founde
a
maruelous
frutefull
Ilande
named
Pulaoan
,
The
Iland
of
Pulaoan
.
beinge
towarde
owre
pole
aboue
the
Equinoctiall
ix
.
degrees
and
a
thirde
parte
:
And
C.lxxix
.
degrees
and
a
third
parte
in
longitude
frome
the
place
of
theyr
departing
.
Frome
this
Ilande
.x.
leaques
towarde
the
South
weste
,
they
sawe
an
other
Ilande
whiche
seemed
to
them
sumtymes
to
mounte
as
they
sayled
by
the
coastes
therof
.
The
Ilande
Burne●
or
Pone
.
As
they
were
enteringe
into
the
porte
,
there
arose
a
boystious
and
darke
tempeste
which
ceased
as
soone
as
the
fiers
of
the
three
sayntes
(
wherof
we
haue
spoken
before
)
appeared
vppon
the
cabells
.
Frome
the
beginninge
of
this
Ilande
to
the
porte
,
are
fyue
leaques
.
This
Ilande
is
greate
and
riche
:
and
the
chiefe
citie
therof
conteyneth
.xxv.
thousande
houses
.
A
great
citie
.
The
kynge
interteyned
owre
men
very
frendlye
,
and
sent
them
bysyde
many
other
presentes
,
two
elephantes
trapped
with
silke
to
bring
them
to
his
pallaice
that
brought
the
presentes
which
the
Capytaynes
sent
hym
.
Elephantes
.
He
hath
a
magnyfycalle
courte
and
a
greate
garde
.
Also
a
multitude
of
concubynes
.
He
is
a
moore
,
and
is
named
Raia
Siripada
.
He
is
a
kynge
of
great
poure
,
and
hath
vnder
hym
many
other
kynges
,
Ilandes
,
and
cities
.
This
Ilande
of
Burnei
is
aboue
the
Equinoctiall
toward
owre
pole
fyue
degrees
and
a
quarter
.
And
in
longitude
frome
the
place
of
theyr
departing
.
C.lxxvi
.
degrees
and
two
thirde
partes
.
Departinge
frome
Burnei
,
they
came
to
an
Ilande
cauled
Cimbubon
,
The
Iland
of
Cimbulon
.
beinge
.viii.
degrees
aboue
the
Equinoctiall
lyne
Hete
they
remayned
.xl.
days
to
calke
theyr
shyppes
and
furnysshe
them
with
fresshe
water
and
fuell
whiche
was
to
them
great
payne
and
trauayle
because
they
were
in
maner
all
bare
footed
,
theyr
shooes
and
in
maner
theyr
other
apparell
being
worne
by
reason
of
the
longe
vyage
.
In
the
wooddes
of
this
Ilande
,
they
founde
a
tree
whose
leaues
as
soone
as
they
faule
on
the
grounde
,
doo
slurre
and
remoue
frome
place
to
place
as
though
they
were
alyue
.
Leaues
of
trees
which
seeme
to
liue
They
are
muche
lyke
the
leaues
of
a
mulbery
tree
:
And
haue
on
euery
syde
as
it
were
two
short
and
blunt
fiete
.
When
they
are
cut
or
broken
,
there
is
no
bludde
seene
come
furth
of
them
.
Yet
when
any
of
them
are
touched
,
they
suddeynely
moue
and
starte
away
.
Antonie
Pigafetta
k●pte
one
of
them
in
a
platter
for
the
space
of
.viii.
dayes
.
And
euer
when
he
touched
it
,
it
rannt
,
rounde
abowt
the
platter
.
He
supposeth
that
they
liue
only
by
ayer
.
Departynge
from
hense
,
they
directed
theyr
course
by
the
Weste
quarter
towarde
the
South
easte
,
to
fynde
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
.
and
sayled
not
farre
from
certeyne
mountaynes
where
they
founde
the
sea
full
of
great
weedes
and
herbes
.
A
sea
full
of
weedes
.
From
hense
,
they
came
to
the
Ilandes
of
Zolo
and
Taghima
,
in
the
which
are
founde
perles
of
exceadyng
biggenesse
.
Perles
.
Folowyng
theyr
course
toward
the
north
East
,
they
came
to
a
great
citie
named
Mangdando
,
lyinge
aboue
the
Ilandes
of
Buthuan
and
Calaghan
,
where
they
tooke
a
canoa
of
certeyne
of
th
inhabitaunts
:
by
whome
being
informed
of
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
,
they
lefte
theyr
course
towarde
the
north
Easte
,
and
folowed
the
South
easte
nere
vnto
a
cape
of
the
Iland
of
Buthuan
,
they
were
aduertised
for
certentie
that
on
the
bankes
of
a
certeyne
ryuer
,
there
dwelte
men
ouergrowen
with
heare
,
Men
ouergrowen
with
heare
.
and
of
high
stature
.
Folowyng
still
theyr
course
by
the
south
easte
,
and
passyng
by
many
smaule
Ilandes
,
they
came
to
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
the
syxte
daye
of
Nouember
and
the
.xxvii.
monethe
after
theyr
departure
owt
of
Spayne
.
The
Ilandes
of
Molucca
.
Beinge
therfore
ioyfull
and
gyuyng
thankes
vnto
god
,
they
discharged
all
theyr
ordynaunce
.
In
the
coaste
of
all
these
Ilandes
,
euen
vnto
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
,
soundyng
with
theyr
plummet
,
they
founde
the
deapthe
of
the
sea
to
bee
no
lesse
then
a
hundreth
and
two
yardes
,
which
is
contrary
to
the
saying
of
the
Portugales
who
affyrme
that
no
shyppe
can
passe
that
way
with
out
great
daungioure
by
reason
of
the
shalownes
and
rockes
or
shelues
:
The
Portugales
are
reproued
.
and
for
the
darkenesse
which
the
clowdes
cause
in
the
heauen
.
All
which
thyngs
they
fayned
to
th
intent
that
none
other
shulde
haue
knoweleage
of
theyr
vyagies
.
The
.viii.
day
of
Nouember
in
the
yeare
.1521
.
before
the
rysinge
of
the
soonne
,
they
entered
into
the
porte
of
the
Ilande
of
Tidore
,
Tidode
one
of
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
.
being
one
of
the
chiefe
Ilandes
of
Molucca
,
where
they
were
honorably
interteyned
of
the
kynge
who
declared
that
he
had
longe
before
seene
a
sygne
in
heauen
that
certeyne
shyppes
shuld
comme
from
a
farre
contrey
to
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
:
And
that
wheras
for
the
better
certificat
therof
he
consydered
the
starious
of
the
moone
,
A
vision
in
the
planettes
he
sawe
therin
the
commyng
of
owre
shyppes
,
and
that
we
were
the
men
whome
he
seemed
to
see
in
the
same
.
Wherupon
he
profered
hym selfe
to
enter
into
leaque
of
frendshyppe
w●th
the
kynge
of
Spayne
,
and
to
accepte
owre
men
as
his
brotherne
and
chyldren
wyllyng
them
to
come
alande
as
into
theyr
owne
houses
.
Also
that
for
theyr
commynge
,
that
Ilande
shulde
no
more
bee
cauled
Tidore
,
but
Castile
for
the
greate
loue
whiche
he
bore
to
theyr
kynge
whom
he
reputed
as
his
lorde
and
master
.
This
kynge
is
a
Moore
,
and
is
named
Raia
Sultan
Mauzor
.
The
Ilandes
of
Molucca
are
fiue
in
number
,
&
are
thus
named
:
Tarenate
,
Tidore
,
Mutir
,
Macebian
,
and
Bacchian
.
The
fyue
Ilandes
of
molucca
.
Of
these
,
Tarenate
is
the
chiefest
.
Tarenate
.
Directly
ageynste
the
Ilande
of
Tidore
,
there
is
an
other
great
Ilande
named
Gilolo
,
The
Iland
of
Gilolo
.
inhabited
of
Moores
and
Gentyles
.
Moores
&
gentyles
.
The
Moores
haue
two
kynges
,
of
the
which
one
hath
syxe
hundreth
chyldren
,
&
the
other
sixe
hundreth
and
fiftie
.
The
Gentyles
kepe
not
so
many
women
as
doo
the
Moores
nor
yet
lyue
in
suche
superstitions
.
They
praye
to
the
fyrste
thynge
that
they
meete
in
the
mornynge
when
they
go
furth
of
theyr
houses
,
and
honoure
that
as
theyr
god
for
that
day
.
The
kynge
of
the
gentyles
is
very
ryche
in
golde
.
Golde
.
In
the
sayde
Ilande
of
Gilolo
,
are
reedes
as
bygge
as
a
mans
legge
,
and
full
of
cleare
water
holsome
to
bee
drunke
.
water
in
reedes
.
The
.xii.
daye
of
Nouember
,
the
kynge
of
Tidore
appoynted
owre
men
a
ware
house
in
the
citie
where
they
might
sell
theyr
marchaundies
.
Theyr
maner
of
exchange
was
in
this
sort
.
Theyr
maner
of
barteringe
.
For
tenne
yardes
of
good
redde
cloth
,
they
had
one
Bahar
of
cloues
,
whiche
amounteth
to
foure
Cantari
and
syxe
pounde
weight
:
And
one
Cantar
is
a
hundreth
pounde
weight
.
For
.xv.
yardes
of
cloth
sumwhat
woorse
then
the
other
,
they
receaued
in
Cambie
,
one
Bahar
.
For
.xxxv.
drynkynge
cuppes
of
glasse
,
they
had
one
Bahar
.
For
.xvii.
Cathyls
of
quicke
syluer
,
one
Bahar
.
They
came
dayly
to
the
shyppes
with
many
of
theyr
barkes
full
of
goates
,
hennes
,
fygges
of
a
spanne
longe
,
also
the
frute
cauled
Cocus
,
with
dyuers
other
kyndes
of
vyttayles
in
such
quantitie
that
it
was
a
marueylous
thynge
to
beholde
.
water
of
A
straunge
qualitie
.
They
furnyshed
also
theyr
shyppes
with
fresshe
water
which
is
hotte
as
it
issheweth
owt
of
the
sprynge
,
but
is
very
coulde
when
it
hath
stoode
a
while
in
an
other
place
.
It
spryngeth
from
the
mountaynes
on
the
which
the
cloue
trees
growe
.
They
sawe
a
cloude
ryse
in
maner
dayly
,
which
compaseth
about
the
sayde
mountaynes
.
The
kynge
of
the
Ilande
of
Bacchian
,
sente
the
kynge
of
Spayne
two
deade
byrdes
of
straunge
forme
.
Byrdes
of
a
straunge
forme
,
They
were
of
the
bygg●nes
of
turtle
dooues
,
with
lyttle
heades
and
longe
vylles
:
also
longe
and
smaule
legges
and
no
wynges
,
but
in
the
st●ade
therof
certeyne
longe
fethers
of
diuers
colours
,
and
tayles
lyke
turtle
dooues
.
All
the
other
fethers
are
of
one
coloure
much
lyke
vnto
tawny
,
except
those
of
the
wynges
.
They
flye
not
but
when
the
wynde
bloweth
.
These
Moores
are
of
opinion
that
these
byrdes
coomme
frome
the
heauenlye
Paradyse
,
and
therfore
caule
them
Manuccodiata
,
that
is
the
byrdes
of
god
.
When
they
were
determyned
to
depart
from
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
,
certeyne
kynges
of
the
Ilandes
accompanied
them
with
theyr
canoas
,
and
conducted
them
to
an
Ilande
cauled
Mare
where
they
refresshed
theyr
shyppes
with
freshe
water
and
fuell
.
The
kynges
sent
Th
emperours
maiestie
many
presentes
:
and
embrasynge
owre
menne
,
departed
with
the
teares
in
theyr
eyes
:
And
owre
men
for
theyr
laste
farewell
,
shotte
of
all
theyr
ordinaunce
.
When
in
the
Ilande
of
Mare
,
they
perceaued
that
one
of
theyr
shyppes
leaked
and
toke
water
very
sore
:
They
lea●e
one
of
theyr
shyppes
behynd
them
.
wherby
they
were
inforced
to
tary
there
three
dayes
.
But
seinge
that
they
coulde
fynde
no
remedie
for
the
same
but
in
longe
tyme
,
they
determined
to
leaue
it
,
gyuynge
order
that
if
afterwarde
it
coulde
bee
repayred
,
they
shuld
returne
into
Spayne
as
well
as
they
coulde
.
In
all
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
is
founde
cloues
,
The
Ilandes
of
Molucca
.
ginger
,
breade
of
the
roote
of
Sagu
,
ryse
,
goates
,
sheepe
,
hennes
,
fygges
,
almondes
,
sweete
pomegranates
and
sowre
,
oranges
,
lemondes
,
and
hony
which
is
made
of
certeyne
flyes
l●sse
then
antes
:
hony
of
flyes
.
Also
canes
of
suger
,
oyle
of
Cocus
,
mellons
,
geurdes
,
and
a
marueilous
coulde
frute
which
they
name
Camulicai
and
dyuers
other
frutes
.
Furthermore
whyte
and
redde
popingiayes
,
Popingiayes
.
and
other
of
variable
coloures
.
It
is
not
paste
fiftie
yeares
sence
the
moores
fyrste
inhabited
anye
of
these
Ilands
,
which
were
before
inhabited
only
with
gentyles
.
The
Ilande
of
Tidere
,
The
Iland
of
Tidore
.
is
aboue
the
Equinoctiall
line
towarde
owre
pole
,
abowt
.27
.
minutes
:
And
in
longitude
from
the
place
from
whense
they
departed
.171
.
degrees
.
And
from
the
Archipelagus
in
the
which
is
the
Iland
of
Zamal
which
our
men
named
the
Iland
of
theeues
,
ix
.
degrees
and
a
halfe
,
and
runneth
to
the
quarter
of
south
southwest
,
and
north
northeast
.
Terenate
,
Terenate
.
is
vnder
the
Equinoctial
line
foure
minutes
vnder
the
pole
Antartike
.
Mutir
,
Mutir
.
is
directly
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
line
,
Macchian
is
.xv.
minutes
toward
the
pole
Antartike
,
Macchian
.
●nd
Bac●hian
one
degree
.
These
Ilandes
are
lyke
foure
sharpe
mountaynes
,
except
,
Macchian
which
is
not
sharpe
.
The
byggest
of
all
these
,
is
Bacchian
.
Bacchian
.
Departynge
from
the
Iland
of
Mare
and
directyng
these
courle
towarde
the
southwest
,
with
onely
.xlvi.
men
in
theyr
shyppe
and
.xiii.
Indians
,
they
passed
by
the
Ilandes
of
Chacouan
,
Lagoma
,
Sico
,
Gioghi
,
Caphi
,
Sulacho
,
Lumatola
,
Many
Ilande
.
Tenetum
,
Buru
,
Ambon
,
Budia
,
Celaruri
,
Benaia
,
Ambalao
,
Bandan
,
Zorobua
,
Zolot
,
Noceuamor
,
Galian
,
and
Mallua
,
with
dyuers
other
Ilandes
both
great
and
smaule
,
of
Moores
,
Gentyles
,
and
Canibales
.
Owre
men
remayned
xv
.
dayes
in
the
Ilande
of
Mallua
to
repayre
theyr
shyppe
in
certeyne
places
where
it
tooke
water
.
The
Iland
of
Mallua
.
All
the
fieldes
of
this
Ilande
is
full
of
longe
and
rounde
pepper
,
Pepper
.
and
is
situate
towarde
the
pole
Antartike
vnder
the
Equinoctiall
line
.viii.
degrees
and
a
halfe
,
and
is
in
the
longitude
of
.169
.
degrees
and
40.
minutes
.
The
pilote
which
owre
men
brought
owt
of
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
,
toulde
them
that
not
farre
from
thense
,
was
an
Iland
named
Arucetto
in
the
which
are
men
and
women
not
past
a
cubite
in
height
,
hauynge
eares
of
such
byggenesse
that
they
lye
vppon
one
and
couer
them
with
the
other
.
Lyttle
men
with
longe
eares
.
But
owr
men
wolde
not
sayle
thyther
,
bothe
bycause
the
wynde
and
course
of
the
sea
was
ageynste
theym
,
and
also
for
that
they
gaue
no
credite
to
his
reporte
.
The
.xxv.
day
of
Ianuary
in
the
yeare
.1522
.
they
departed
from
Mallua
,
and
the
day
folowyng
,
arryued
at
a
greate
Iland
named
Timor
,
The
Iland
of
Timor
.
beinge
fiue
leaques
distante
from
Mallua
betwene
the
south
and
southwest
.
In
this
Ilande
is
founde
the
woodde
of
whyte
sanders
and
ginger
,
whyte
sanders
and
ginger
.
and
dyuers
kindes
of
frutes
.
Also
sundry
kyndes
of
beastes
,
and
plentie
of
vyttayle
and
golde
.
They
of
the
Ilandes
of
Giaua
,
Molucca
,
and
Lozon
,
resort
to
this
Ilande
for
sanders
.
Th
inhabitauntes
are
gentyles
.
They
say
that
when
they
go
to
cut
the
woodde
of
saunders
,
the
deuyll
appeareth
to
them
in
dyuers
formes
and
asketh
theym
what
they
haue
neede
of
:
The
deuyll
appeareth
.
And
that
after
this
vision
,
many
of
them
are
longe
sicke
.
In
al
the
Ilandes
of
this
Archipelagus
,
rayneth
the
disease
of
saynt
Iob
(
whiche
wee
caule
the
frenche
poxe
)
more
then
in
any
other
place
in
the
worlde
.
Saynt
Iob
his
disease
.
Farre
from
this
Ilande
betwene
the
west
and
northwest
they
came
to
an
Ilande
named
Eude
,
in
the
whiche
growethe
great
plentie
of
Sinamome
.
Cinamome
In
this
tracte
are
founde
many
Ilandes
lying
in
order
as
it
were
one
directly
behynde
an
other
,
euen
vnto
the
Ilande
of
the
greater
Giaua
,
The
Ilandes
of
Giaua
.
named
Giaua
maior
,
and
vnto
the
cape
of
Malaccha
,
Malaccha
.
beinge
in
East
India
.
Giaua
the
lesse
,
is
as
bygge
as
the
Ilande
of
Madera
,
and
is
but
halfe
a
leaque
distante
from
Giaua
maior
.
Here
they
were
informed
that
aboue
Giaua
maior
toward
the
north
,
is
a
great
goulfe
cauled
the
goulfe
of
China
,
The
greate
goulfe
of
China
.
in
the
which
are
trees
of
exceadyng
byggenesse
,
inhabyted
with
foules
of
suche
greatenes
that
they
cary
great
beastes
in
the
ayer
.
The
frutes
of
these
trees
are
as
bygge
as
cucummers
.
The
cape
of
Malaccha
is
one
degree
and
a
halfe
aboue
the
Equinoctiall
line
towarde
the
pole
Artike
.
The
cape
of
Malaccha
.
On
the
East
side
of
this
cape
,
runneth
a
very
longe
coaste
in
the
which
are
many
regions
and
cities
wherof
sum
are
cauled
by
these
names
,
Cingaporla
which
is
the
cape
.
The
names
of
many
regions
.
Also
Pahan
,
Calantan
,
Patani
,
Braalin
,
Beneu
,
Longon
,
and
Odia
wherin
is
the
citie
in
the
which
dwelleth
the
kynge
of
Sian
named
Zacabedera
.
Theyr
cities
are
builded
as
owres
are
,
and
subiecte
to
the
kynge
of
Sian
.
After
the
realme
of
Sian
,
are
the
regions
of
Iamgoma
&
Campaa
where
Reubarbe
groweth
,
Reubarbe
.
of
the
which
are
dyuers
opinions
,
sume
supposynge
it
to
bee
a
roote
,
and
other
a
putrifyed
tree
,
affirmyng
that
yf
it
were
not
putrified
,
it
shulde
not
haue
so
great
a
sauour
.
They
caule
it
Calama
.
Next
vnto
this
,
is
found
the
great
China
,
The
greate
kynge
of
China
.
whose
kyng
is
thought
to
bee
the
greatest
prince
in
the
worlde
,
and
is
named
Santoa
Raia
.
Furthermore
,
al
that
is
written
hereafter
of
this
kyng
and
these
regions
,
they
lerned
by
th
information
of
a
Moore
that
was
in
the
Ilande
of
Timor
.
He
affirmed
that
the
sayde
kynge
hathe
threescore
and
tenne
crowned
kynges
vnder
his
empyre
,
and
hathe
a
porte
in
the
sea
named
Canthan
:
And
two
principal
cities
named
Nauchin
and
Connulaha
where
he
remayneth
hym selfe
,
and
hath
euer
foure
of
his
chiefe
princes
lying
abowt
his
pallaice
on
euery
syde
,
towarde
the
Easte
,
Weste
,
Northe
,
and
South
giuinge
dylygente
attendaunce
what
is
doone
in
euerye
of
theyr
quarters
.
All
the
prynces
of
the
greater
India
(
cauled
India
Maior
,
The
greater
India
.
)
and
of
that
wherof
I
haue
spoken
before
,
are
obedient
to
this
kynge
.
And
in
token
that
they
are
trewe
subiectes
,
they
keepe
in
theyr
pallaices
which
are
in
the
middest
of
theyr
cities
,
the
beaste
cauled
Linx
,
The
beast
cauled
linx
.
being
fayrer
then
a
lyon
,
And
is
the
great
kynges
signette
,
whiche
all
suche
as
intende
to
go
to
China
,
beare
with
them
sealed
in
waxe
or
on
a
piece
of
Iuerye
for
theyr
safe
conducte
,
withowt
the
which
they
may
not
enter
into
the
hauen
.
When
any
of
his
kyngs
rebell
or
are
disobedient
,
he
causeth
them
to
bee
f●ene
,
and
salted
and
dryed
at
the
soonne
:
Then
to
bee
stuffed
with
chaffe
,
The
punishement
of
rebelles
.
and
sette
vppe
on
sum
hygh
thyng
in
the
myddest
of
the
chiefe
streate
of
the
citie
where
al
the
people
may
see
it
.
He
neuer
suffereth
his
owne
person
to
bee
openly
seene
to
any
man
.
But
when
his
noble
men
of
the
courte
are
desyrous
to
see
hym
,
The
kynge
is
not
seene
but
at
a
glasse
.
he
commeth
downe
frome
hys
pallaice
into
a
ryche
pauylyon
accompanyed
with
syxe
of
hys
principall
concubynes
appareyled
with
lyke
vestures
as
is
he
hym selfe
.
All
thys
way
he
is
not
seene
by
reason
of
the
pauylyon
.
When
he
hath
passed
through
the
pauylyon
,
he
entereth
into
a
serpent
named
Nagha
,
A
thyng
of
strange
workmanshyppe
.
being
the
most
marueylous
and
ryche
woorke
of
the
worlde
,
and
placed
in
the
grea●est
courte
of
the
pallaice
.
When
the
kynge
entereth
in
to
this
with
the
women
,
to
th
intent
that
he
may
not
be
knowen
among
them
,
he
causeth
the
sayd
noble
men
only
to
looke
in
at
a
glasse
which
is
in
the
breste
of
the
serpente
,
where
they
see
the
kynge
amonge
the
women
,
but
can
not
dicerne
which
is
he
.
He
ioyneth
in
mariage
with
hys
syster
that
the
blud
royall
bee
not
myxte
with
any
other
.
The
kynge
maryeth
his
syster
.
His
pallaice
is
enuironed
with
seuen
large
walles
,
hispallaice
.
the
one
being
farre
dystante
from
the
other
:
And
hath
in
euery
such
circuite
tenne
thowsande
men
for
the
garryson
of
hys
pallaice
,
A
marueilous
garde
.
who
haue
theyr
waytinge
dayes
appoynted
them
course
by
course
with
fresshe
men
in
theyr
places
,
and
thus
keepe
theyr
watch
continually
both
daye
and
nyght
.
In
this
pallaice
are
.lxxix.
haules
,
in
the
which
is
an
infinite
number
of
women
that
serue
the
kynge
hauyng
euer
lyght
torches
in
theyr
handes
for
the
greater
magnyfycence●
.
women
serue
the
kynge
.
He
that
wolde
see
all
the
pallaice
,
shulde
spend
a
hole
day
therin
.
Amonge
other
,
there
are
foure
principal
haules
where
sumtymes
the
kynge
gyueth
audience
to
hys
noble
men
.
Foure
maruelous
haules
Of
these
,
one
is
couered
both
aboue
and
beneth
with
metall
,
an
other
all
ouer
with
syluer
,
the
thyrde
with
gold
,
and
the
fourth
with
pearles
and
precious
stones
.
These
people
of
China
,
The
people
of
China
.
are
whyte
menne
,
appareled
as
we
are
,
and
eate
theyr
meate
on
tables
as
wee
doo
.
They
haue
th●
crosse
in
sum
estimation
,
but
knowe
not
the
cause
whye
.
Beyonde
the
coaste
of
China
,
The
Crosse
.
are
dyuers
other
nations
and
people
as
Chenchii
where
pearles
and
cynamon
are
founde
.
Also
the
people
named
Lichii
,
where
reyneth
the
great
kynge
of
M●en
,
The
greate
kyng
of
m●en
hauyng
vnder
hym
.xxii.
kynges
,
and
is
subiecte
to
the
kyng
of
China
.
Here
is
also
founde
the
great
citie
of
CATHAY
in
the
East
,
CATHAY
.
and
dyuers
other
nations
in
the
sayd
firme
land
,
of
the
which
sum
are
brutysshe
and
bestiall
which
vse
to
kyll
and
eate
theyr
parentes
when
they
are
owld
,
thinking
therby
that
they
shall
reuyue
in
them
.
All
these
people
are
gentyles
.
The
.xi.
day
of
February
in
the
yeare
.1522
,
they
departed
from
the
Iland
of
Timor
and
were
ingulfed
by
chance
in
the
great
sea
cauled
Lantchidol
,
The
sea
of
Lantchidol
.
and
tooke
theyr
course
betwene
the
weste
and
south
weste
,
leauynge
the
northe
coastes
on
theyr
ryght
hand
,
fearyng
least
if
they
shuld
sayle
toward
the
firm
land
,
they
myght
bee
seene
of
the
portugales
who
are
of
great
power
in
Malaccha
:
Malaccha
.
and
therfore
dyrected
theyr
cours
withowt
the
Iland
of
Sumatra
cauled
in
owld
tyme
Taprobana
:
The
Iland
of
Sumetra
.
Leauyng
also
on
theyr
ryght
hand
vpon
the
fyrm
land
,
the
prouinces
and
regions
of
Pegu
,
Pegu
,
Bengala
,
Bengala
.
Calicut
,
Calicut
.
Canonor
,
Canonor
.
Coa
,
Coa
.
Cambaia
,
Cambaia
.
the
goulfe
of
the
Ilande
of
Ormus
,
Ormus
.
and
all
the
coastes
of
the
greater
India
.
East
India
.
And
more
safely
to
passe
the
cape
of
Buona
Speranza
being
about
Affrike
,
Cap.
de
Buona
.
Speranza
.
they
sayled
about
.xlii.
degrees
toward
the
pole
Antartike
,
and
remayned
seuen
weekes
abowte
that
cape
with
many
fetches
compassyng
the
wynd
with
theyr
sayles
contynually
alofte
,
because
they
had
a
west
and
north
weste
wynd
in
the
proos
of
theyr
shyppe
which
wolde
not
suffer
them
to
passe
.
The
cape
of
Buona
Speranza
,
is
toward
the
pole
Antartik
beneth
the
Equinoctiall
line
.xxxiiii.
degrees
and
a
halfe
:
and
.1600
.
leaques
from
the
cape
of
Malaccha
:
And
is
the
greateste
and
moste
daungyerous
cape
that
is
founde
at
thys
day
in
al
the
worlde
.
When
they
had
by
these
perels
ouerpassed
thys
cape
,
certeyne
of
them
aswell
for
lacke
of
vytayles
as
also
by
reason
of
syckenesse
,
were
mynded
to
sayle
to
a
hauen
of
the
Portugales
named
Monzambique
aboue
Affryke
.
The
port
of
M●nzambiq●●
.
But
the
other
answered
that
they
wold
rather
dye
then
go
to
any
other
place
then
directly
to
Spayne
.
They
folowed
theyr
course
therfore
saylynge
towarde
the
Southwest
two
monethes
continually
without
touchynge
at
any
porte
:
In
whiche
tyme
there
dyed
abowte
.xxi.
of
theyr
coompany
,
whom
they
cast
into
the
sea
.
And
suerly
if
god
of
his
infinite
mercie
had
not
preserued
the
residue
in
tyme
,
they
hadde
all
dyed
of
famen
.
Famen
.
In
fine
,
beinge
inforced
of
necessitie
,
and
halfe
of
theyr
companye
deade
,
they
sayled
to
one
of
the
Ilandes
of
Capo
verde
cauled
Insula
Sancti
Iacobi
,
Capo
Verde
.
that
is
,
saynte
Iames
Ilande
,
S.
Iames
Ilande
.
parteyning
to
the
kyng
of
Portugale
.
Where
,
as
soone
as
they
ariyued
,
they
sent
certeyne
alande
in
the
shippe
boate
for
vyttayles
,
declarynge
to
the
Portugales
with
all
loue
and
fauour
what
necessitie
they
were
dryuen
to
and
what
miseries
and
trauayles
they
had
susteyned
,
informynge
them
further
of
theyr
marueylous
viage
and
suche
thynges
as
they
hadde
seene
in
both
the
East
and
West
India
,
with
such
other
gentel
woordes
wherby
they
obteyned
certeyne
measures
of
rise
.
The
ingrat●tude
of
the
Portugales
.
But
when
afterwarde
.xiii.
of
theym
returned
for
more
ryse
,
they
were
deteyned
:
Whereuppon
the
reste
whiche
remayned
in
the
shippe
,
fearynge
the
lyke
chaunce
,
departed
with
full
sayles
,
and
the
.vii.
day
of
September
with
the
helpe
of
god
entered
into
the
hauen
of
San
Lucar
nere
vnto
Siuile
,
The
port
of
saynt
Lucar
nere
vnto
Siuile
.
where
dischargynge
all
theyr
ordinaunce
for
ioy
,
they
wente
immediatly
to
the
greate
churche
in
theyr
shertes
and
barefooted
with
a
torche
before
them
to
gyue
thankes
to
almyghtie
god
who
had
brought
them
safe
to
theyr
owne
countrey
,
and
restored
them
to
theyr
wyues
and
chyldren
.
As
touchynge
th
ende
of
this
viage
,
Transiluanus
wryteth
sumwhat
more
largely
as
foloweth
.
The
other
shyppe
which
they
lefte
behynde
them
to
bee
repayred
,
what
became
of
the
other
shyppe
.
returned
afterwarde
by
the
Archipelagus
aforesayde
and
by
the
great
sea
to
the
coastes
of
the
firme
of
the
west
India
,
and
arryued
at
a
region
of
the
same
being
ageynst
Dariena
,
Dariena
where
the
South
sea
of
Sur
is
seperate
but
by
a
lyttle
space
of
lande
from
the
Weste
Ocean
in
the
which
are
the
Ilandes
of
Hispaniola
and
Cuba
,
and
other
Ilandes
of
the
Spanyardes
.
The
other
shyppe
which
returned
into
Spayne
by
compasing
abowt
the
hole
bowle
of
the
worlde
by
the
coastes
of
East
India
and
Affrike
,
departynge
from
the
Iland
of
Tidore
,
and
saylynge
euer
on
this
syde
the
Equinoctiall
,
dyd
not
fynde
the
cape
of
Cattigara
beinge
aboue
Asia
,
The
cape
of
Cattigara
.
and
(
by
the
description
of
Ptolome
)
rechynge
many
degrees
beyonde
the
Equinoctial
.
Ptolome
.
But
hauynge
sayled
many
dayes
by
the
mayne
sea
,
they
came
to
the
cape
of
Buona
Speranza
and
frome
thense
to
the
Ilandes
of
Capo
verde
,
where
their
shyppe
beinge
soore
broosed
by
reason
of
the
longe
viage
,
leaked
and
tooke
water
,
in
suche
sorte
that
the
mariners
being
nowe
but
fewe
in
number
,
and
those
also
weake
and
feeble
by
reason
of
longe
sickenesse
and
hunger
,
The
vyage
hardly
performed
.
were
not
able
both
to
drye
the
poompe
continually
and
otherwyse
gouerne
the
shippe
:
and
were
therfore
of
necessitie
inforced
to
goo
alande
at
the
Ilande
of
saynte
Iames
to
bye
theym
certeyne
slaues
to
helpe
theim
.
They
bye
slaues
for
lacke
of
helpe
But
beinge
destitute
of
mony
,
according
to
the
custome
of
the
mariners
,
they
profered
them
cloues
for
theyr
slaues
.
The
which
thyng
when
it
came
to
the
eares
of
the
Portugale
that
was
Capitayne
of
that
Ilande
,
he
cast
.xiii.
of
them
in
prison
.
Wherby
the
residue
that
remayned
in
the
shippe
(
beinge
nowe
but
.xviii.
in
number
)
were
put
in
such
feare
that
they
departed
immediatly
without
rescuing
theyr
felowes
,
and
sayled
continually
both
by
daye
and
by
nyght
by
the
coastes
of
Affrike
,
and
came
in
fine
to
Spayne
the
.vi.
day
of
September
in
the
yeare
.1522
.
and
arryued
at
the
porte
nere
vnto
Siuile
the
.xvi.
moneth
after
they
departed
from
the
Ilande
of
Tidore
.
Mariners
doubtlesse
more
woorthy
to
bee
celebrate
with
eternal
memorie
then
they
whiche
in
owlde
tyme
were
cauled
Argonauti
that
sayled
with
Iason
to
win
the
golden
fleese
in
the
region
of
Cholehic
and
the
riuer
of
Phasis
in
the
greate
sea
of
Pontus
.
Maryners
woorthy
immortal
fame
.
Argonauti
.
The
viage
of
Iason
to
wyn
the
golden
fleese
.
And
the
shyppe
it selfe
,
more
woorthye
to
bee
placed
amonge
the
starres
then
that
owlde
Argo
which
departynge
owt
of
Grecia
,
sayled
to
th
ende
of
that
great
sea
.
For
this
owre
marueylous
shyppe
,
takynge
her
vyage
from
the
straightes
of
Gibilterra
and
saylynge
by
the
greate
Ocean
towarde
the
South
and
pole
Antartike
,
The
shyppe
more
woorthy
fame
then
owlde
Argo
of
Grecia
.
and
turnynge
from
thense
to
the
Weste
,
folowed
that
course
so
farre
that
passynge
vnder
the
great
circumference
of
the
worlde
,
The
vyage
shee
came
into
the
Easte
,
and
frome
thense
ageyne
into
the
Weste
,
not
by
returnynge
backewarde
,
but
styll
faylynge
forwarde
,
so
compasynge
abowt
the
vaule
of
the
world
vnder
the
hole
circumference
of
heauen
vntyll
shee
were
myraculously
restored
to
her
natiue
region
of
Spayne
and
house
of
Siuile
.
¶
A
discourse
of
dyuers
vyages
and
wayes
by
the
whiche
Spices
,
Precious
stones
,
and
golde
were
brought
in
owlde
tyme
from
India
into
Europe
and
other
partes
of
the
world
.
Also
of
the
vyage
to
CATHAY
and
East
India
by
the
north
sea
:
And
of
certeyne
secreates
touchynge
the
same
vyage
,
declared
by
the
duke
of
Moscouie
his
ambassadoure
to
an
excellent
lerned
gentelman
of
Italie
,
named
Galeatius
Butrigarius
.
Lykewyse
of
the
vyages
of
that
woorthy
owlde
man
Sebastian
Cabote
,
yet
liuynge
in
Englande
,
and
at
this
present
the
gouernour
of
the
coompany
of
the
marchantes
of
Cathay
in
the
citie
of
London
.
IT
is
doubtlesse
a
marueylous
thynge
to
consyder
what
chaunges
and
alterations
were
caused
in
all
the
Romane
Empire
by
the
Gothes
and
Uandales
,
The
romaine
empyre
.
and
other
Barbarians
into
Italy
.
For
by
theyr
inuasions
were
extinguyshed
all
artes
and
sciences
,
and
all
trades
of
Marchaundies
that
were
vsed
in
dyuers
partes
of
the
worlde
.
The
desolation
and
ignoraunce
which
insued
hereof
,
continued
as
it
were
a
clowde
of
perpetuall
darkenesse
amonge
men
for
the
space
of
foure
hundreth
yeares
and
more
,
iiii
.
hundreth
yeares
of
ignoraunce
.
in
so
much
that
none
durst
aduenture
to
go
any
whyther
owt
of
theyr
owne
natiue
countreys
:
whereas
before
th
incursions
of
the
sayde
Barbarians
when
the
Romane
Empire
florysshed
,
they
might
safly
passe
the
seas
to
al
partes
of
East
India
which
was
at
that
time
as
wel
knowen
and
frequented
as
it
is
nowe
by
the
nauigations
of
the
Portugales
.
Easte
India
well
knowen
in
owld
time
.
And
that
this
is
trewe
,
it
is
manifest
by
that
which
Strabo
wryteth
,
Strabo
.
who
was
in
the
tyme
of
Augustus
and
Tiberius
.
For
speakynge
of
the
greatnesse
and
ryches
of
the
citie
of
Alexandria
in
Egypte
(
gouerned
then
as
a
prouince
of
the
Romanes
)
he
wryteth
thus
.
This
only
place
of
Egypte
,
The
great
rychesse
of
Egipte
.
is
apte
to
receaue
all
thynges
that
coome
by
sea
,
by
reason
of
the
commoditie
of
the
hauen
:
And
lykewyse
all
such
thynges
as
are
brought
by
lande
,
by
reason
of
the
ryuer
of
Nilus
wherby
they
may
bee
easely
conueyde
to
Alexandria
,
The
citie
of
A●exandria
.
beinge
by
these
commodities
the
rychest
citie
of
marchauntes
that
is
in
the
worlde
.
The
reuenues
of
Egypt
are
so
great
,
that
Marcus
Tullius
sayth
in
one
of
his
oracions
,
Marueylous
rychesse
.
that
kynge
Tolomeus
surnamed
Auleta
,
the
father
of
queene
Cleopatra
,
had
of
reuenues
twelue
thousande
and
fyue
hundreth
talentes
,
which
are
seuen
millions
and
a
halfe
of
golde
.
If
therfore
this
kyng
had
so
great
reuenues
when
Egypt
was
gouerned
of
so
fewe
and
so
negligently
,
The
gouernaunce
and
reuenues
of
the
Romans
.
what
myght
it
then
bee
woorth
to
the
Romanes
by
whom
it
was
gouerned
with
great
diligence
,
&
theyr
trade
of
marchandies
greatly
increased
by
the
traffike
of
Trogloditica
and
India
?
Trogloditica
and
India
.
wheras
in
tyme
paste
there
could
hardly
bee
founde
.xx.
shyppes
togyther
that
durste
enter
into
the
goulfe
of
Arabie
,
The
goulfe
of
Arabie
.
or
shewe
theyr
proos
withowt
the
mouth
of
the
same
.
But
at
this
present
,
great
nauies
sayle
togyther
into
India
and
to
the
furthest
partes
of
Ethiope
from
whense
are
brought
many
rych
and
precious
marchandies
into
Egipt
and
are
caryed
from
thense
into
other
countreys
.
Ethiope
.
And
by
this
meanes
are
the
customes
redoubeled
aswell
by
suche
thynges
as
are
brought
thyther
,
Rich
customs
as
also
by
suche
as
are
caryed
frome
thense
,
forasmuche
as
greate
customes
arryse
of
thynges
of
great
value
.
And
that
by
this
vyage
,
infinite
and
precious
marchaundies
were
brought
from
the
redde
sea
and
India
,
The
rychesse
which
were
brought
in
owlde
tyme
from
India
.
and
the
red
sea
.
and
those
of
dyuers
other
sortes
then
are
knowen
in
owre
tyme
,
it
appeareth
by
the
fourthe
volume
of
the
ciuile
lawe
wherin
is
described
the
commission
of
Th
emperours
Marcus
and
Commodus
,
The
commission
of
Th
emperours
Marcus
and
Commodus
.
with
the
rehearsall
of
all
suche
stuffe
and
marchandies
wherof
custome
shuld
bee
payde
in
the
redde
sea
by
such
as
had
the
same
in
fee
ferme
,
as
were
payde
the
customes
of
all
other
prouinces
perteynynge
to
the
Romane
Empyre
:
and
they
are
these
folowynge
.
-
Cinamome
.
-
Longe
pepper
.
-
Whyte
pepper
.
-
Cloues
.
-
Costus
.
-
Cancamo
.
-
Spikenarde
.
-
Cassia
.
-
Sweete
perfumes
.
-
Xilocassia
.
-
Mir.
-
Amome
.
-
Ginger
.
-
Malabatrum
.
-
Ammoniac
.
-
Galbane
.
-
Lasser
.
-
Agarike
.
-
Gumme
of
Arabie
.
-
Cardamome
.
-
Xilocinamome
.
-
Carpesio
.
-
Sylkes
of
dyuers
sortes
.
-
Linnen
cloth
.
-
Skynnes
and
furres
of
Parthia
and
Babilon
.
-
Iuery
.
-
Woodde
of
Heben
.
-
Precious
stones
.
-
Perles
.
-
Iewels
of
Sardonica
.
-
Ceraunia
.
-
Calamus
Aromaticus
.
-
Berille
.
-
Cilindro
.
-
Slaues
.
-
Cloth
of
Sarmatia
.
-
The
sylke
cauled
Metaxa
.
-
Uestures
of
sylke
.
-
Dyed
cloth
and
sylke
.
-
Carbasei
.
-
Sylke
threede
.
-
Gelded
men
.
-
Popingiayes
.
-
Lions
of
India
.
-
Leopardes
.
-
Panthers
.
-
Purple
.
Also
that
iuise
or
liquour
which
is
gathered
of
wolle
and
of
the
heare
of
the
Indians
.
By
these
woordes
it
dooth
appeare
that
in
owld
tyme
the
sayde
nauigation
by
the
way
of
the
redde
sea
,
was
wel
knowen
and
muche
f●●●uented
,
and
perhappes
more
then
it
is
at
this
present
.
In
so
much
that
the
auncient
kynges
of
Egypt
consideryng
the
great
profyte
of
the
customes
they
had
by
the
viages
of
the
red
sea
,
The
great
riches
the
kynges
of
E●ipte
had
by
customes
.
&
wyllyng
to
make
the
same
more
easy
&
commodious
,
attempted
to
make
a
fosse
or
chanel
which
shulde
begynne
in
the
laste
parte
of
the
sayde
sea
,
where
was
a
citie
named
Arsinoe
(
which
perhappes
is
that
that
is
nowe
cauled
Sues
)
and
shulde
haue
reached
to
a
branche
of
the
ryuer
of
Nilus
named
Pelusio
,
The
noble
enterprises
of
the
kinges
of
Egypte
.
Ar●●noe
.
Damiata
.
Pelu●io
.
which
emptieth
it selfe
in
owre
sea
towarde
the
East
abowt
the
citie
of
Damiata
.
They
determyned
also
to
make
three
causeis
or
hyghe
wayes
by
lande
,
which
shulde
passe
from
the
sayde
braunche
to
the
citie
of
Arsinoe
:
but
they
founde
this
to
difficulte
to
brynge
to
passe
.
In
fine
,
kynge
Tolomeus
surnamed
Ph●ladelphus
,
ordeyned
an
o●her
way
:
as
to
sayle
vppon
Nilus
ageynst
the
course
of
the
ryuer
vnto
the
citie
of
Copto
,
Nilus
.
Copt●
.
and
from
thense
to
passe
by
a
deserte
countrey
vntyll
they
coome
aboue
the
redde
sea
to
a
citie
named
Berenice
or
Miosormo
,
●erenice
,
where
they
imbarked
all
theyr
marchaundies
and
wares
for
India
,
E●hiope
,
and
Arabie
,
as
appeareth
by
the
wrytynge
fyrst
of
Strabo
(
who
wryteth
that
he
was
in
Egypte
)
and
then
by
Plinie
who
was
in
the
tyme
of
Domitian
.
Strabo
also
speaking
of
the
sayd
fo●●e
or
trench
which
was
made
toward
the
red
sea
,
A
nauigable
tren●h
made
from
Egypte
to
the
red
sea
wryteth
thus
There
is
a
trenche
that
goth
towarde
the
red
sea
and
the
goulfe
of
Arabie
,
and
to
the
citie
of
Arsinoe
,
which
sum
caul
Cleopatrida
:
and
passeth
by
the
lakes
named
Amari
(
that
is
)
bitter
,
Lacus
Amari
.
bicause
in
deede
they
were
fyrst
bytter
.
But
after
that
this
trenche
was
made
and
the
ryuer
entered
in
,
they
became
sweete
,
and
are
at
this
present
full
of
foules
of
the
water
by
reason
of
theyr
pleasauntnesse
.
This
trenche
was
fyrst
begun
by
kynge
Sesostre
,
Kynge
Sesostre
.
before
the
battayle
of
Troy
.
Sum
saye
that
it
was
begunne
by
kynge
Psammiticus
whyle
he
was
a
chylde
:
Kynge
Psammiticus
.
And
that
by
reason
of
his
death
,
it
was
lefte
imperfect
:
Also
that
afterwarde
,
kynge
Darius
succeded
in
the
same
enterpryse
,
kyng
Darius
who
wold
haue
finisshed
it
,
but
yet
brought
it
not
to
th
ende
bycause
he
was
informed
that
the
redde
sea
was
hygher
then
Egypt
:
And
that
if
this
lande
diuydynge
bothe
the
seas
,
were
opened
,
all
Egypte
shulde
bee
drowned
thereby
.
Kynge
Tolomeus
wold
in
deede
haue
finyshed
it
:
kynge
Ptolomeus
.
but
yet
left
it
shut
at
the
hed
that
he
myght
when
he
wolde
,
sayle
to
the
other
sea
and
returne
withowt
perell
.
Here
is
the
citie
of
Arsinoe
:
And
nere
vnto
that
,
the
citie
cauled
Heroum
in
the
vttermost
par●
of
the
goulfe
of
Arabie
toward
Egipt
with
many
portes
and
habitacions
.
The
citie
heroum
.
Plinie
likewyse
speakynge
of
this
trench
,
What
Plynye
w●tt●h
of
the
nauigable
trenche
.
sayth
.
In
the
furthest
part
of
the
goulfe
of
Arabie
,
is
a
porte
cauled
Daneo
,
from
whense
they
determyned
to
brynge
a
nauigable
trench
vnto
the
ryuer
of
Nilus
,
where
as
is
the
fyrst
Delta
.
Betwene
the
sayde
sea
and
Nilus
,
there
is
a
streight
of
lande
of
the
length
of
.lxii.
myles
.
The
first
that
attempted
this
thynge
,
was
Sesostre
kynge
of
Egypte
:
and
after
hym
Darius
kynge
of
the
Persians
,
whome
Tolomeus
folowed
,
The
largenesse
and
lengthe
of
the
trenche
.
who
made
a
trenche
a
hundreth
foote
large
,
&
.xxx.
foote
diepe
,
beinge
three
hundreth
myles
in
lengthe
vnto
the
lakes
named
Amari
,
and
durste
proceade
no
further
for
feare
of
inundation
,
hauynge
knoweleage
that
the
redde
sea
was
hygher
by
three
cubites
then
al
the
countrey
of
Egypt
.
Other
say
that
this
was
not
the
cause
:
but
that
he
doubted
that
yf
he
shulde
haue
let
the
sea
coome
any
further
,
all
the
water
of
Nilus
shulde
haue
byn
therby
corrupted
,
which
onely
mynystreth
drynke
to
all
Egypte
.
But
notwithstandynge
all
these
thynges
aforesayde
,
all
this
vyage
is
frequented
by
lande
from
Egypte
to
the
redde
sea
,
The
viage
bilande
from
Egypte
to
the
red
sea
.
in
which
passage
are
three
causeis
or
hyghe
wayes
.
The
fyrst
begynneth
at
the
mouth
of
Nilus
named
Pelusio
.
All
which
way
is
by
the
sandes
:
In
so
much
that
if
there
were
not
certeyne
hyghe
reedes
fyxt
in
the
earth
to
shewe
the
ryght
way
,
the
causei
coulde
not
be
founde
by
reason
the
wynde
euer
couereth
it
with
sande
.
The
second
causei
is
two
myles
from
the
mountayne
Cassius
.
And
this
also
in
th
ende
of
.lx.
myles
,
commeth
vppon
the
way
or
causey
of
Pelusius
,
inhabited
with
certeyne
Arabians
cauled
Antei
.
The
thyrde
begynneth
at
Gerro
,
named
Adipson
:
and
passeth
by
the
same
Arabians
,
for
the
space
of
.lx.
myles
sumwhat
shorter
,
but
full
of
rowgh
mountaynes
and
great
scarsenesse
of
water
.
All
these
causeis
,
What
kynge
ptolomeus
discouered
.
leade
the
way
to
the
citie
of
Arsinoe
,
buylded
by
Tolomeus
Philadelphus
in
the
goulfe
Carandra
by
the
red
sea
.
This
Ptolomeus
was
the
fyrst
that
searched
al
that
parte
of
the
red
sea
which
is
cauled
Trogloditica
.
Of
this
trenche
described
of
Strabo
and
Plinie
,
there
are
seene
certeyne
tokens
remaynynge
at
this
present
as
they
affirme
which
haue
byn
at
Sues
beyonde
the
citie
of
Alcayr
otherwyse
cauled
Babylon
in
Egypte
.
But
the
marchauntes
that
of
later
dayes
trauayle
this
viage
by
lande
,
ryde
through
the
dry
&
baren
desertes
on
camels
both
by
day
and
by
night
:
directynge
theyr
way
by
the
starres
and
compase
as
do
maryners
on
the
sea
,
and
caryinge
with
them
water
sufficient
for
many
dayes
iorneys
.
Alcayre
.
The
places
of
Arabie
and
India
named
of
Strabo
and
Plinie
,
The
viage
to
Easte
Indya
frequented
in
owlde
tyme
.
are
the
selfe
same
where
the
Portugales
practise
theyr
trade
at
this
daye
,
as
the
maners
and
customes
of
the
Indians
doo
yet
declare
.
The
customes
and
maners
of
the
Indyans
.
For
euen
at
this
presente
theyr
women
vse
to
burne
theym selues
alyue
with
the
deade
bodies
of
theyr
husbandes
.
Which
thynge
(
as
wryteth
Strabo
in
his
.xv.
booke
)
they
dyd
in
owlde
tyme
by
a
lawe
,
for
this
consideration
that
sumtyme
being
in
loue
with
other
they
forsooke
or
poysoned
theyr
husbandes
.
And
forasmuch
as
accordynge
to
this
custome
,
the
owlde
poete
Propertius
(
who
lyued
abowt
a
hundreth
yeares
before
th
incarnation
of
Chryst
)
hath
in
his
boke
made
mention
of
the
contention
that
was
amonge
the
Indian
women
which
of
them
shuld
bee
burned
aliue
with
theyr
husbandes
,
I
haue
thought
good
to
subscribe
his
verses
,
whiche
are
these
.
Foelix
Pois
lex
funeris
vna
maritis
,
Quos
aurora
suis
rubra
colorat
equis
.
Mamque
vbi
mortifero
iacta
est
fax
vltima
lecto
,
Vxorum
suis
stat
pia
turba
comis
,
Et
certamen
habent
lethi
,
quae
viua
sequatur
Coniugium
,
pudor
est
non
licuisse
mori
.
Ardent
victrices
,
&
flammae
pectora
praebent
,
Imponuntque
suis
ora
perusta
viris
.
As
touthynge
these
vyages
both
by
sea
and
by
lande
to
East
India
&
Cathay
,
many
thynges
are
wrytten
very
largely
by
dyuers
autours
which
I
omytte
bycause
they
perteyne
not
so
much
vnto
vs
as
doth
the
viage
attempted
to
CATHAY
by
the
north
seas
and
the
coastes
of
Moscouia
discouered
in
owre
tyme
by
the
viage
of
that
excellent
yonge
man
Rychard
Chaunceler
no
lesse
lerned
in
all
mathematicall
sciences
then
an
expert
pylotte
,
The
vyage
to
Cathay
.
Rycharde
Chaunceler
.
in
the
yeare
of
owre
lorde
.1554
.
As
concernynge
this
vyage
,
I
haue
thought
good
to
declare
the
communication
which
was
betwene
the
sayde
learned
man
Galeatius
Butrigarius
,
and
that
great
philosopher
and
noble
gentelman
of
Italie
named
Hieronimus
Fracastor
as
I
fynde
wrytten
in
the
Italian
hystories
of
nauigations
.
As
they
were
therfore
conferrynge
in
matters
of
learnynge
,
and
reasonynge
of
the
science
of
Cosmographi
,
A
lerned
discourse
of
dyuers
vyages
.
the
sayde
lerned
man
hauynge
in
his
hande
an
instrument
of
Astronomie
,
declared
with
a
large
oration
howe
muche
the
worlde
was
bounde
to
the
kynges
of
Portugale
,
rehearsynge
the
noble
factes
doone
by
them
in
India
,
The
vigages
of
the
Portugales
.
and
what
landes
and
Ilandes
they
had
discouered
▪
and
how
by
theyr
nauigations
they
made
the
whole
worlde
hange
in
the
ayer
.
The
worlde
hangynge
on
the
●yer
.
He
further
declared
what
parts
of
the
baul
of
the
earth
remained
yet
vndiscouered
.
And
sayde
that
of
the
landes
of
the
inferior
hemispherie
or
halfe
compase
of
the
baule
towarde
the
pole
Antartike
,
what
is
knowen
of
the
lower
hemispherie
.
there
was
nothynge
knowen
but
that
lyttle
of
the
coaste
of
Brasilia
vnto
the
streight
of
Magellanus
.
The
lande
of
Brasile
.
Also
a
part
of
Peru
:
Peru.
And
a
lyttle
aboue
Affrike
towarde
the
cape
of
Bona
Speranza
.
Also
that
he
marueyled
withowte
measure
that
this
thynge
was
no
better
considered
of
Christian
Princes
to
whom
god
hath
deputed
this
charge
,
The
charge
&
dewtie
of
Christian
princes
.
hauyng
euer
on
theyr
counsailmen
of
great
lernynge
which
may
informe
them
of
this
thing
beinge
Note
.
so
marueylous
and
noble
whereby
they
maye
obteyne
glorie
and
fame
by
vertue
,
and
bee
impuled
amonge
men
as
goddes
,
by
better
demerites
then
euer
were
Hercules
&
great
Alexander
who
trauayled
only
into
India
:
hercules
and
Alexander
.
and
that
by
makynge
the
men
of
this
owre
hemispherie
knowen
to
theym
of
the
other
halfe
compase
of
the
baule
beneth
vs
,
they
might
by
the
tytle
of
this
enterpryse
,
withowt
comparyson
farre
excell
all
the
noble
factes
that
euer
were
doone
by
Iulius
Cesar
or
any
other
of
the
Romane
Emperours
.
Which
thynge
they
myght
easely
brynge
to
passe
by
assignynge
colonies
to
inhabite
dyuers
places
of
that
hemispherie
,
in
lyke
maner
as
dyd
the
Romanes
in
prouinces
newely
subdued
.
The
colonies
of
the
Romans
in
regions
subdued
.
Whereby
they
myght
not
only
obteyne
great
ryches
,
but
also
inlarge
the
Christian
fayth
and
Empire
to
the
glory
of
god
and
confusion
of
infidels
.
After
this
,
he
spake
of
the
Ilande
of
saynt
Laurence
,
cauled
in
owlde
tyme
Madagascar
,
The
great
Iland
of
saynt
Laurence
or
Madagasca●
.
which
is
greater
then
the
realme
of
Castile
and
Portugale
,
and
reachethe
from
the
.xii.
degree
towarde
the
pole
Antartike
,
vnto
the
xxvi
.
degree
and
a
halfe
,
lyinge
Northeaste
frome
the
cape
of
Bona
Speranza
and
partly
vnder
the
line
of
Tropicus
Capricorni
:
beinge
well
inhabited
and
of
temperate
ayer
,
with
abundaunce
of
all
thynges
necessarie
for
the
lyfe
of
man
,
and
one
of
the
most
excellent
Ilandes
that
is
founde
this
daye
in
the
worlde
:
And
that
neuerthelesse
there
is
nothynge
knowen
therof
,
except
only
a
fewe
smaule
hauens
by
the
sea
side
,
as
the
lyke
ignorance
remayneth
of
the
greatest
part
of
the
Ilandes
of
Taprobana
,
Giaua
the
more
and
the
lesse
,
The
Ilandes
of
Tap●●bana
or
Giaua
.
and
infinite
other
.
Then
begynninge
to
speake
of
the
partes
of
owre
pole
,
he
raused
the
bookes
of
plinie
to
bee
brought
him
where
diligentely
ponderynge
the
.lxvii.
chapiture
of
the
seconde
booke
,
Plinie
.
he
founde
where
he
reherseth
the
historie
of
Cornelius
Nepos
,
The
hystorie
of
Cornelius
Nepos
.
by
these
woordes
:
That
in
his
tyme
,
one
Eudoxus
escapynge
the
handes
of
kynge
Lathyro
,
departed
from
the
goulfe
of
Arabie
and
came
by
sea
to
the
Ilande
of
Calese
.
Declarynge
further
,
that
whereas
this
narration
was
many
yeares
reputed
for
a
fable
,
was
nowe
in
owre
tyme
by
the
vertue
of
the
Portugales
,
kdow●n
to
bee
trewe
:
And
that
lykewyse
the
same
Cornelius
Nepos
recitethe
that
at
the
tyme
when
Quintus
Met●llus
Celer
was
proconsul
or
lieuetenant
for
the
Romans
in
Fraunce
,
Shypes
of
India
driu●n
into
the
sea
of
Germanie
.
the
kynge
of
Sueuia
gaue
hym
certeyne
Indians
which
saylinge
owt
of
India
for
marchandies
,
were
by
tempest
dryuen
to
the
coastes
of
Germanie
.
When
he
had
redde
these
woordes
,
he
proceaded
,
sayinge
that
the
same
thynge
myght
bee
verified
nowe
in
owr
tyme
if
the
princes
which
confine
vppon
that
sea
wolde
endeuoure
theyr
industry
and
diligence
to
brynge
it
to
passe
.
An
enterprise
wherby
princes
may
obteyne
trewe
fame
and
glory
.
And
that
there
coulde
not
any
nauigation
bee
imagined
so
commodious
and
profitable
to
all
Christendoome
as
this
myght
bee
yf
by
this
way
the
vyage
shulde
bee
founde
open
to
India
to
come
to
the
rych
contrey
of
CATHAY
which
was
discouered
now
two
hundreth
yeares
sence
by
Marcus
Paulus
.
Cathay
discouered
●i
Marcus
Paulus
.
Then
taking
the
globe
in
his
hande
,
he
made
demonstration
that
this
vyage
shulde
bee
very
shorte
in
respect
of
that
which
the
Portugales
nowe
folowe
,
and
also
of
that
which
the
Spanyardes
may
attempte
to
the
Ilandes
of
Moluca
.
He
declared
further
more
that
the
citie
of
Lubyke
beinge
rych
and
of
great
poure
,
The
citie
of
Lubyke
.
and
situate
vppon
the
sea
of
Germanie
,
and
also
accustomed
with
continuall
nauigations
to
trauayle
the
sea
of
Norwaye
and
Gothlande
,
and
lykewyse
the
ryght
noble
kynge
of
Polonie
whose
dominions
with
his
realme
of
Lituania
,
The
kyng
of
Polanie
.
extende
to
the
sayde
sea
,
shulde
be
apte
to
discouer
this
secreate
:
But
that
aboue
all
other
,
the
duke
of
Moscouia
,
The
duke
of
Moscouia
.
shulde
performe
the
same
with
greater
commoditie
and
more
facilitie
then
any
other
Prince
.
And
here
steyinge
a
whyle
,
he
began
to
speake
ageyne
and
sayde
.
Nowe
forasmuch
as
we
are
coome
to
this
passe
,
mee
thynke
it
shulde
seeme
a
great
discurtesie
if
I
shuld
not
shewe
yowe
all
that
I
knowe
as
touchynge
this
vyage
,
wherof
I
greatly
mused
with
my selfe
many
yeares
by
occasion
of
the
woordes
of
Plinie
.
Whereas
therefore
beinge
a
younge
man
,
I
was
in
Germanie
in
the
citie
of
Augusta
,
it
so
chaunsed
that
in
those
dayes
there
came
thyther
an
ambasadour
of
the
duke
of
Moscouia
,
An
ambassadour
from
the
duke
of
Moscouia
.
a
man
singularly
learned
both
in
the
Greeke
toonge
and
the
Latine
,
and
of
good
experience
in
worldely
thynges
,
hauyng
byn
sent
to
dyuers
places
by
the
sayde
Prince
,
and
one
of
his
counsayle
.
Of
whose
learnyng
beinge
aduertised
,
I
sought
his
acquayntaunce
.
And
talkynge
with
hym
one
day
of
these
Indians
dryuen
by
fortune
to
the
coastes
of
Germanie
,
and
of
the
vyage
that
myght
bee
discouered
by
the
North
sea
to
the
Ilandes
of
spices
,
I
perceaued
that
at
the
fyrste
he
marueyled
exceadyngely
,
as
at
a
thynge
that
he
coulde
neuer
haue
imagined
.
But
restynge
a
whyle
in
maner
astonysshed
in
his
secreate
phantasie
,
he
toke
great
pleasure
therin
,
and
sayde
.
The
woordes
of
th
ambassadour
of
Moscouia
Forasmuch
as
the
Portugales
haue
nowe
compased
abowt
all
the
south
partes
supposed
in
owlde
tyme
to
bee
inaccessable
by
reason
of
great
heate
,
why
shulde
wee
not
certeinely
thynke
that
the
lyke
maye
bee
done
abowt
this
parte
of
the
north
withowt
feare
of
coulde
,
especially
to
men
borne
&
brought
vp
in
that
clime
?
Yet
procedyng
further
,
he
said
,
that
if
his
Prince
and
master
,
had
men
that
wolde
animate
hym
to
discouer
this
vyage
,
there
was
no
Prince
in
Christendome
that
myght
do
it
with
more
facilitie
.
Then
caulynge
for
a
mappe
in
which
was
the
description
of
Moscouia
and
the
prouinces
subiecte
to
the
same
,
The
way
from
Moscouia
to
the
north
Ocean
&
Cathay
.
he
declared
that
from
the
citie
of
Moscouia
or
Mosca
going
towarde
the
northeast
for
the
space
of
.lx.
myles
,
they
come
to
the
ryuer
of
Uolochda
,
Uolochda
.
and
afterwarde
by
that
,
and
folowyng
the
course
therof
,
to
the
citie
of
Usting
,
Ustiug
.
so
cauled
bycause
the
ryuer
of
Iug
fauleth
into
the
ryuer
of
Succana
,
Succana
.
where
they
lose
theyr
owne
names
and
make
the
great
ryuer
Duina
:
Duina
.
And
by
that
,
leauyng
on
the
ryght
hande
the
citie
of
Colmogor
,
Coimogor
.
they
sayle
vnto
the
north
Ocean
.
The
north
Ocean
.
The
which
waye
,
althoughe
it
bee
a
longe
tracte
,
as
more
then
.800
.
myles
,
neuerthelesse
he
sayde
that
in
sommer
it
myght
commodiously
bee
sayled
:
And
that
wheras
it
fauleth
into
the
sea
,
there
are
infinite
woods
of
goodly
trees
apte
to
make
shyppes
.
Greate
wooddes
.
And
the
place
so
conuenient
for
this
purpose
,
that
shipwryghtes
and
other
skylful
workemen
for
all
thynges
hereunto
apperteynynge
,
may
easely
coome
owt
of
Germanie
.
Also
that
the
men
which
are
vsed
to
trauayle
the
sea
of
Germanie
abowte
the
coastes
of
Gothlande
,
Gothlande
.
shulde
bee
best
and
most
apte
to
attempte
this
enterpryse
,
bycause
they
are
indurate
to
abyde
coulde
,
hunger
,
and
laboure
.
He
sayde
furthermore
,
that
in
the
court
of
his
Prince
,
they
haue
much
knowleage
of
the
great
cane
of
Cathay
,
The
Moscouites
haue
knowleage
of
the
greate
cane
of
Cathay
.
by
reason
of
the
continuall
warres
they
haue
with
the
Tartars
,
of
whom
the
greatest
part
gyue
obedience
to
the
said
great
Cane
as
to
theyr
chiefe
Emperoure
.
He
made
also
demonstration
in
the
sayde
carde
by
the
northeaste
,
that
beinge
paste
the
prouince
of
Permia
and
the
ryuer
Pescora
(
whiche
fauleth
into
the
north
sea
)
and
certeyne
mountaynes
named
Catena
Mundi
,
Permis
.
Plescora
.
Catena
mund.
there
is
th
enteraunce
into
the
prouince
of
obdora
,
Obdora
.
whereas
is
Uecchiadoro
and
the
ryuer
Obo
,
Ucchiadoro
.
Obo
.
whiche
also
fauleth
into
the
sayd
sea
,
and
is
the
furthest
borther
of
Th
empire
of
the
Prince
of
Moscouia
.
The
sayde
ryuer
hath
his
originall
in
a
greate
lake
cauled
Chethai
,
●he
lake
Chethay
.
which
is
the
fyrste
habitacion
of
the
Tartars
that
paye
tribute
to
the
greate
Cane
.
The
Tartars
And
from
this
lake
for
the
space
of
two
monethes
vyage
(
as
they
were
credably
informed
by
certeine
Tartares
taken
in
the
warres
)
is
the
most
noble
citie
of
Cambalu
,
The
citie
of
Cambolu
.
beinge
one
of
the
chiefest
in
the
dominion
of
the
greate
Cane
,
whom
sum
caule
the
great
Cham.
Note
this
secreate
.
He
also
affirmed
,
that
if
shippes
shulde
bee
made
on
the
coastes
of
the
sayde
sea
,
and
sayle
on
the
backe
halfe
of
the
coast
therof
(
which
he
knewe
by
many
relations
made
to
his
Prince
,
to
reach
infinitely
toward
the
northeast
)
they
stulde
doubtelesse
in
folowynge
the
same
,
easely
discouer
that
countrey
.
Unto
these
woordes
he
added
,
that
although
there
were
greate
difficultie
in
Moscouia
,
Difficult
trauaylynge
in
Moscoula
.
by
reason
that
the
waye
to
the
sayde
sea
is
full
of
thicke
wooddes
and
waters
which
in
the
sommer
make
great
marysshes
and
impossible
to
bee
trauayled
,
aswell
for
lacke
of
vyttayles
whiche
can
not
there
bee
founde
,
not
for
certeyne
dayes
,
but
for
the
space
of
certeyne
monethes
,
the
place
beinge
desolate
withowt
inhabitauntes
,
neuerthelesse
he
sayde
that
yf
there
were
with
his
Prince
,
only
two
Spanyardes
or
Portugales
to
whome
the
charge
of
this
vyage
shulde
bee
commytted
,
Commendation
of
the
Spania●des
and
Portugales
.
he
no
wayes
doubted
but
that
they
wolde
folowe
it
and
fynde
it
,
forasmuch
as
with
great
ingeniousnesse
and
inestimable
pacience
,
these
nations
haue
ouercome
much
greater
difficulties
then
are
these
which
are
but
lytele
in
comparison
to
those
that
they
haue
ouerpassed
and
doo
ouerpasse
in
all
theyr
viages
to
India
.
●he
hystorie
of
Paulus
Centur●o
.
He
proceaded
declarynge
that
not
many
yeares
sence
,
there
came
to
the
courte
of
his
Prince
,
Of
this
reade
more
at
large
in
the
booke
of
Paulus
Iomus
.
an
ambassadour
frome
pope
Leo
,
named
master
Paulo
Centurione
a
Genuese
vnder
dyuers
pretenses
.
But
the
principall
occasion
of
his
commynge
,
was
,
bycause
he
hadde
conceaued
greate
indignation
and
hatred
ageynst
the
Portugales
:
Malice
may
do
more
with
sum
then
Uertue
.
And
therfore
intended
to
proue
yf
he
coulde
open
anye
vyage
by
lande
whereby
spiers
myght
bee
brought
from
India
by
the
lande
of
Tartaria
,
or
by
the
sea
Caspium
(
otherwyse
cauled
Hircanum
)
to
Moscouia
:
The
Cospien
sea
.
And
from
thense
to
bee
brought
in
shippes
by
the
ryuer
Riga
,
Riga
.
whiche
runnynge
by
the
countrey
of
Liuonia
,
Liuonia
.
fauleth
into
the
sea
of
Germanie
.
And
that
his
Prince
gaue
eare
vnto
hym
:
and
caused
the
sayde
viage
to
bee
attempted
by
certeine
noble
men
of
Lordo
,
of
the
Tartars
confininge
nexte
vnto
hym
.
The
Tartar●
of
Lordo
.
But
the
warres
whiche
were
then
betwene
them
,
and
the
greate
desertes
which
they
shulde
of
necessitie
ouerpasse
,
Desertes
.
made
them
leaue
of
theyr
enterpryse
:
which
if
it
had
bin
purposed
by
the
coastes
of
this
owre
north
sea
,
The
viage
by
the
north
se●
.
it
myght
haue
byn
easely
fynyshed
.
The
sayde
Ambassadour
continued
his
narration
,
sayinge
that
no
man
ought
to
doubte
of
that
sea
but
that
it
may
bee
sayled
syxe
monethes
in
the
yeare
,
forasmuch
as
the
days
are
then
very
longe
in
that
clime
,
and
hot
by
reason
of
contynuall
reuerberation
of
the
beames
of
the
soonne
and
shorte
nyghtes
.
The
woorth●nesse
of
this
vyage
.
And
that
this
thynge
were
as
well
woorthy
to
bee
proued
,
as
any
other
nauigation
wherby
many
partes
of
the
worlde
heretofore
vnknowen
,
haue
byn
discouered
&
brought
to
ciuilitie
.
And
here
makynge
an
ende
of
this
talke
,
he
said
:
Let
vs
nowe
omytte
this
parte
of
Moscouia
with
his
coulde
,
and
speake
sumwhat
of
that
parte
of
the
newe
worlde
in
whiche
is
the
lande
of
Brytons
cauled
Terra
Britonum
,
and
Baccaleos
or
Terra
Baccalearum
,
The
viage●
of
the
Frenchmen
to
the
land
of
Baccalaos
.
where
in
the
yeare
.1534
.
and
.1535
.
Iaques
Cartiar
in
two
vyages
made
with
three
great
French
gallies
,
founde
the
great
and
large
countreys
named
Canada
,
Ochelaga
,
and
Sanguenai
:
which
reach
from
the
.xlv.
to
the
li.
degree
,
beinge
well
inhabited
and
pleasaunte
countreys
,
Pleasaunt
countreys
.
and
named
by
hym
Noua
Francia
.
New
Fraunce
.
And
here
steyinge
a
while
and
lyftynge
vppe
his
handes
,
he
sayde
:
Oh
what
doo
the
Christian
Princes
meane
that
in
such
landes
discouered
they
do
not
assigne
certeine
colonies
to
inhabite
the
same
to
bringe
those
people
(
whom
god
hath
so
blessed
with
natural
gyftes
)
to
better
ciuilitie
and
to
embrase
owre
religion
,
Apostrophe
to
the
Christian
Princes
.
then
the
whiche
,
nothynge
can
bee
more
acceptable
to
god
?
The
sayd
regions
also
,
beinge
so
fayre
and
frutefull
,
with
plentie
of
all
sortes
of
corne
,
herbes
,
frutes
,
woodde
,
fysshes
,
beastes
,
metals
,
and
ryuers
of
suche
greatnesse
that
shyppes
maye
sayle
more
then
.180
.
myles
vppon
one
of
theym
,
Great
ryuer●
.
beinge
on
bothe
sydes
infinitely
inhabited
:
And
to
cause
the
gouernoures
of
the
sayde
colonies
to
searche
whether
that
lande
toward
the
northe
named
Terra
de
Laborador
,
A
thyng
woorthy
to
be
searched
.
doo
ioyne
as
one
firme
lande
with
Norwaye
:
Or
whether
there
bee
any
streight
or
open
place
of
sea
as
is
moste
lyke
there
shulde
bee
,
forasmuch
as
it
is
to
bee
thought
that
the
sayde
Indians
dryuen
by
fortune
abowte
the
coastes
of
Norway
,
came
by
that
streyght
or
sea
,
to
the
coastes
of
Germanie
:
And
by
the
sayde
streight
to
saile
northwest
to
discouer
the
landes
and
countreys
of
CATHAY
,
and
from
thense
to
sayle
to
the
Ilandes
of
Molucca
.
The
way
to
Cathay
and
the
Ilandes
of
Maluca
by
the
northwest
A
notable
enterpryse
.
And
these
surely
shulde
be
enterprises
able
to
make
men
immortal
.
The
whiche
thynge
,
that
ryght
woorthy
gentelman
master
Antony
di
Mendoza
considerynge
by
the
singular
vertue
and
magnanimitie
that
is
in
hym
,
The
noble
enterprise
of
Antoni
di
Mendoza
,
viceroy
of
Mexico
.
attempted
to
put
this
thynge
in
practise
.
For
beinge
viceroy
of
the
countrey
of
Mexico
(
so
named
of
the
great
citie
Mexico
otherwise
cauled
Temistitan
,
nowe
cauled
newe
Spayne
,
being
in
the
.xx.
degree
aboue
the
Equinoctiall
,
and
parte
of
the
sayde
firme
lande
,
he
sent
certeyne
of
his
capitaynes
by
lande
,
and
also
a
nauie
of
shyppes
by
sea
,
to
search
this
secreate
.
And
I
remember
that
when
I
was
in
Flaunders
in
Th
emperours
courte
,
The
discouerynge
of
the
northwest
partes
.
I
sawe
his
letter
wrytten
in
the
yeare
.1541
.
and
dated
from
Mexico
:
wherin
was
declared
howe
towarde
the
northwest
,
he
had
fownd
the
kyngedome
of
Sette
Citta
(
that
is
)
Seuen
Cities
,
whereas
is
that
cauled
Ciuola
by
the
reuerend
father
Marco
da
Riza
:
&
howe
beyonde
the
sayde
kyngedome
yet
further
towarde
the
Northwest
,
Capitayne
Francesco
Uasques
of
Coronado
,
hauynge
ouerpassed
great
desertes
,
Shyps
saylynge
from
Cathay
by
the
north
Theman
sea
to
the
coastes
of
the
northwest
part
of
the
lande
of
Baccaleos
.
came
to
the
sea
syde
where
he
found
certeyne
shyppes
which
sayled
by
that
sea
with
marchaundies
,
and
had
in
theyr
baner
vppon
the
proos
of
theyr
shyppes
,
certeyne
foules
made
of
golde
and
syluer
which
they
of
Mexico
caule
Alcatrazzi
:
And
that
theyr
mariners
shewed
by
signes
that
they
were
.xxx.
dayes
saylynge
in
commynge
to
that
hauen
:
wherby
he
vnderstode
that
these
shippes
could
bee
of
none
other
countrey
then
of
Cathay
,
Cathay
.
forasmuch
as
it
is
situate
on
the
contrary
parte
of
the
sayde
lande
discouered
.
The
sayde
master
Antonie
wrote
furthermore
,
that
by
the
opinion
of
men
well
practised
,
there
was
discouered
so
greate
a
space
of
that
countrey
vnto
the
sayd
sea
,
that
it
passed
.950
.
leaques
,
The
sea
from
new
Fraunce
or
Terra
Britonum
to
Cathay
.
which
make
.2850
.
myles
.
And
doubtlesse
yf
the
Frenche
men
in
this
theyr
newe
Fraunce
,
wolde
haue
passed
by
lande
towarde
the
sayd
northwest
and
by
north
,
they
shuld
also
haue
founde
the
sea
wherby
they
myght
haue
sayled
to
Cathay
.
But
aboue
all
thynges
,
this
seemed
vnto
me
moste
woorthy
of
commendation
,
A
notable
booke
.
that
the
sayde
master
Antonie
wrote
in
his
letter
that
he
had
made
a
booke
of
al
the
natural
and
marueylous
thynges
whiche
they
founde
in
searchynge
those
countreys
,
with
also
the
measures
of
landes
and
altytudes
of
degrees
:
A
worke
doubtlesse
which
sheweth
a
princely
and
magnificall
mynde
,
wherby
wee
may
conceaue
that
yf
god
had
gyuen
hym
the
charge
of
the
other
hemispherie
,
he
wolde
or
nowe
haue
made
it
better
knowen
to
vs
.
The
which
thynge
,
I
suppose
no
man
doth
greatly
esteeme
at
this
time
:
beinge
neuerthelesse
the
greatest
and
most
glorious
enterprise
that
may
bee
imagined
.
A
great
and
glorious
enterprise
.
And
here
makynge
a
certeyne
pause
,
and
turnynge
hym selfe
towarde
vs
,
he
sayde
:
Doo
yow
not
vnderstande
to
this
purpose
howe
to
passe
to
India
toward
the
northwest
wind
,
as
dyd
of
late
a
citizen
of
Uenese
,
so
valiente
a
man
,
and
so
well
practysed
in
all
thynges
perteynynge
to
nauigations
and
the
science
of
Cosmographie
,
that
at
this
present
he
hath
not
his
lyke
in
Spayne
,
in
so
much
that
for
his
vertues
he
is
preferred
aboue
all
other
pylottes
that
sayle
to
the
west
Indies
,
Sebastian
Cabote
the
grand
pylot
of
the
west
Indies
.
who
may
not
passe
thyther
withowt
his
licence
,
and
is
therfore
cauled
Piloto
Maggiore
(
that
is
)
the
graunde
pylote
.
And
when
wee
sayde
that
wee
knewe
him
not
,
he
proceaded
,
sayinge
,
that
beinge
certeyne
yeares
in
the
citie
of
Siuile
,
Commendation
of
Sebastian
Cabote
.
and
desyrous
to
haue
sum
knowleage
of
the
nauigations
of
the
Spanyardes
,
it
was
toulde
hym
that
there
was
in
the
citie
a
valient
man
,
a
Uenecian
borne
,
named
Sebastian
Cabote
,
Sebastian
Cabote
tould
me
that
he
was
borne
in
Brystowe
,
&
that
at
.iiii.
yeare
owld
he
was
caried
with
his
father
to
Uenice
and
so
returned
ageyne
into
England
with
his
father
after
certeyne
yeares
:
Wher
by
he
was
thought
to
haue
bin
born
in
Uenice
.
who
had
the
charge
of
those
thynges
,
being
an
expert
man
in
that
science
,
and
one
that
coulde
make
cardes
for
the
sea
with
his
owne
hande
.
And
that
by
this
reporte
,
seekynge
his
acquaintaunce
,
he
founde
hym
a
very
gentell
person
,
who
enterteyned
hym
frendly
and
shewed
him
many
thynges
,
and
amonge
other
a
large
mappe
of
the
worlde
with
certeine
particular
nauigations
aswell
of
the
Portugales
as
of
the
Spanyardes
.
And
that
he
spake
further
vnto
hym
,
in
this
effecte
.
When
my
father
departed
from
Uenese
many
yeares
sence
to
dwell
in
Englande
to
folowe
the
trade
of
marchaundies
,
he
tooke
me
with
him
to
the
citie
of
London
whyle
I
was
very
yonge
,
yet
hauynge
neuerthelesse
sum
knowleage
of
letters
of
humanitie
and
of
the
sphere
.
And
when
my
father
dyed
in
that
tyme
when
newes
were
browght
that
Don
Christopher
Colonus
Genuese
,
had
discouered
the
coastes
of
India
,
whereof
was
great
talke
in
all
the
courte
of
kynge
Henry
the
seuenth
who
then
reigned
:
In
so
much
that
all
men
with
great
admiration
affirmed
it
to
bee
a
thynge
more
diuine
then
humane
,
to
sayle
by
the
Weste
into
the
East
where
spices
growe
,
by
a
way
that
was
neuer
knowen
before
.
By
which
fame
and
reporte
,
there
increased
in
my
harte
a
greate
flame
of
desyre
to
attempte
sum
notable
thynge
.
And
vnderstandyng
by
reason
of
the
sphere
,
that
if
I
shulde
sayle
by
the
way
of
the
northwest
wynde
,
I
shulde
by
a
shorter
tracte
coomme
to
India
,
I
thereuppon
caused
the
kynge
to
bee
aduertised
of
my
diuise
,
who
immediatly
commaunded
two
carauels
to
bee
furnysshed
with
all
thynges
apperteynynge
to
the
vyage
,
The
fyrst
vyage
of
Sebastian
Cabote
.
which
was
as
farre
as
I
remember
,
in
the
yeare
.1496
.
in
the
begynnynge
of
sommer
.
Begynnyng
therfore
to
saile
towarde
Northwest
,
not
thynkyng
to
fynde
any
other
lande
then
that
of
CATHAY
,
and
from
thense
to
turne
towarde
India
.
But
after
certeine
dayes
,
I
founde
that
the
lande
ranne
towarde
the
Northe
,
which
was
to
me
a
great
displeasure
.
Neuerthelesse
,
sayling
alonge
by
the
coast
to
see
if
I
could
fynde
any
goulfe
that
turned
,
I
founde
the
lande
styll
continent
to
the
.56
.
degree
vnder
owre
pole
.
And
seinge
that
there
the
coast
turned
toward
the
East
,
dispayringe
to
fynd
the
passage
,
I
turned
backe
ageyne
,
and
sayled
downe
by
the
coast
of
that
lande
towarde
the
Equinoctiall
(
euer
with
intent
to
fynde
the
sayde
passage
to
India
)
and
came
to
that
parte
of
this
firme
lande
whiche
is
nowe
cauled
FLORIDA
.
The
land●
of
Florid●
.
Where
,
my
vyttayles
fayling
,
I
departed
from
thense
and
returned
into
England
,
where
I
founde
great
tumultes
amonge
the
people
,
and
preparaunce
for
warres
in
Scotlande
:
by
reason
whereof
,
there
was
no
more
consideration
had
to
this
vyage
:
Wheruppon
I
wente
into
Spayne
to
the
Catholyke
kynge
,
The
seconde
vyage
of
Cabote
to
the
land
of
Brasile
,
and
Rio
●ella
Plata
.
and
queene
Elizabeth
:
who
beinge
aduertised
what
I
had
doone
,
interteyned
me
,
and
at
theyr
charges
furnysshed
certeyne
shyppes
wherwith
they
caused
me
to
sayle
to
discouer
the
coastes
of
Brasile
,
where
I
founde
an
exceadynge
great
and
large
ryuer
,
named
at
this
present
Rio
della
Plata
(
that
is
)
the
ryuer
of
syluer
,
into
the
which
I
sayled
,
Cabote
tould
me
that
in
a
region
within
this
ryuer
●e
sowed
l.
●raynes
of
weate
in
September
,
and
gathered
therof
.
l.
thousand
in
December
as
wryteth
also
Francisco
Lopes
.
and
folowed
it
into
the
firme
lande
more
then
syxe
hundrethe
leaques
,
fyndynge
it
euery
where
very●
fayre
and
inhabited
with
infinite
people
,
which
with
admyration
came
runnynge
dayly
to
owre
shyppes
.
Into
this
ryuer
,
runne
so
many
other
riuers
,
that
it
is
in
maner
incredible
.
After
this
,
I
made
many
other
vyages
which
I
now
pretermitte
.
And
wexynge
owlde
,
I
gyue
my selfe
to
rest
from
such
trauayles
bycause
there
are
nowe
many
younge
and
lusty
pylotes
and
mariners
of
good
experience
,
by
whose
forwardenesse
I
doo
reioyse
in
the
frutes
of
my
labours
,
and
rest
with
the
charge
of
this
office
as
yowe
see
.
And
this
is
as
much
as
I
haue
vnderstoode
of
master
Sebastian
Cabote
,
as
I
haue
gathered
owte
of
dyuers
nauigations
wrytten
in
the
Italian
toonge
.
And
whereas
I
haue
before
made
mention
howe
Moscouia
was
in
owr
tyme
discouered
by
Richard
Chanceler
in
his
viage
toward
Cathai
by
the
direction
and
information
of
the
sayde
master
Sebastian
who
longe
before
had
this
secreate
in
his
mynde
,
The
vyage
to
Moscouia
.
I
shall
not
neede
here
to
describe
that
viage
,
forasmuche
as
the
same
is
largely
and
faythfully
written
in
the
Laten
tonge
by
that
lerned
young
man
Clement
Adams
scole
mayster
to
the
Queenes
henshemen
,
as
he
receaued
it
at
the
moutht
of
the
sayde
Richard
Chanceler
.
Neuerthelesse
I
haue
thought
good
here
to
speake
sumwhat
of
Moscouia
as
I
haue
redde
in
the
booke
of
Iohn
Faber
written
in
the
Latin
toonge
to
the
ryght
noble
Prynce
Ferdinando
Archeduke
of
Austria
and
Infant
of
Spaine
,
The
hystory●
of
Moscouia
of
the
maners
and
religion
of
the
Moscouites
,
as
he
was
partely
instructed
by
the
ambasadours
of
the
duke
of
Moscouie
sent
into
Spayne
to
Th
emperours
maiestie
in
the
yeare
.
M.
D.XX.V
.
He
wryteth
therfore
as
foloweth
.
I
thynke
it
fyrste
conueniente
to
speake
sumewhat
of
the
name
of
this
region
wherby
it
is
cauled
at
this
day
,
The
dyuer●
names
of
Moscouia
.
and
how
it
was
cauled
in
owlde
tyme
.
Conferrynge
therfore
the
moste
ancient
of
the
Greeke
and
latine
monumentes
with
the
histories
of
later
tyme
,
I
perceaue
it
to
bee
a
thynge
which
requireth
no
smaule
iudgement
of
wytte
and
lernynge
.
For
we
see
in
howe
shorte
tyme
the
names
of
thynges
are
chaunged
,
as
are
also
the
maners
of
men
.
I
fynde
therfore
that
those
people
whom
at
this
day
wee
commonly
caule
Moscouites
,
were
in
tyme
past
(
as
wytnesseth
Plinie
)
cauled
Roxolani
,
Roxolani
.
whom
neuerthelesse
by
chaungynge
one
letter
,
Ptolomie
in
his
●yght
table
of
Europe
,
cauleth
Rosolanos
as
dooth
also
Strabo
.
Rosolani
,
They
were
also
many
yeares
cauled
Rutheni
:
Rutheni
.
And
are
that
people
which
sumtyme
fought
manfully
ageynst
the
Capitaynes
of
Methridates
as
Strabo
wryteth
.
They
were
cauled
Moscouites
of
the
chiefe
citie
of
al
the
prouince
named
Moscouia
or
Mosca
:
or
(
as
Uolaterane
saith
)
of
the
riuer
Mosco
.
The
ryuer
Mosco
.
They
were
sumtyme
gouerned
by
duke
Iohan
,
whose
wyfe
was
Helena
of
the
lynage
of
Themperours
of
Constanstinople
of
the
noble
famelie
of
the
Paleologi
.
Beyonde
these
Roxolanos
,
Strabo
sayth
there
is
no
lande
inhabited
.
These
Ruthenians
therfore
or
Moscouites
,
are
people
of
the
northeaste
parte
of
the
worlde
from
vs
:
And
are
determined
with
the
limettes
of
the
great
ryuer
Boristhenes
of
Scithia
,
The
ryuer
Boristhenes
.
on
the
one
syde
with
the
Lituanians
and
Polonians
,
and
on
the
other
syde
with
the
Tartars
who
cease
not
to
vexe
them
with
continuall
warres
and
incursions
.
Especially
the
great
Emperour
Cham
of
Cathay
the
chiefe
Prince
of
the
Tartars
,
Th
emperour
of
Cathay
.
residente
by
the
sea
syde
in
Taurito
Chersoneso
,
molesteth
theim
with
sore
warres
.
They
are
towarde
the
north
syde
inclosed
with
the
frosen
sea
,
The
frosen
sea
the
lande
of
whose
coastes
beinge
verye
large
,
perteyneth
in
maner
all
to
the
dominion
of
the
duke
of
Moscouie
.
This
sea
is
it
which
the
owlde
wryters
caule
Lacus
Cronicus
,
Lacus
Cronicus
.
so
named
of
the
Greeke
worde
Cronos
,
which
the
Latines
caule
Saturnus
whom
they
fayne
to
bee
an
owlde
man
,
Saturnus
.
of
complexion
coulde
and
slowe
,
and
thereby
name
all
such
thynges
as
are
coulde
and
slowe
,
Cronica
,
as
by
lyke
reason
they
dyd
this
northe
sea
which
beinge
in
maner
euer
frosen
,
is
slowe
and
coulde
and
in
maner
immouable
.
And
for
lyke
consideration
(
as
saythe
Plinie
)
Hethens
nameth
it
in
the
Scythian
toonge
,
Amaltheum
,
Amaltheum
.
whiche
woorde
signifieth
as
muche
as
congeled
or
frosen
.
But
that
I
wander
not
farre
frome
my
purpose
:
Th
empire
and
dominion
of
the
duke
of
Moscouie
recheth
so
farre
that
it
comprehendeth
certeyne
partes
of
Asia
and
also
of
Europe
.
The
dominion
of
the
duke
of
Moscouia
.
The
citie
of
Moscouia
or
Mosca
,
The
citie
of
Moscouia
.
is
counted
twyse
as
bygge
as
Colonia
Agrippina
as
they
faythfully
reporte
which
knowe
bothe
.
Unto
this
they
haue
also
an
other
not
vnequall
in
byggenesse
cauled
Fladimer
.
The
chiefe
cities
of
Moscouia
.
Also
Blescouia
,
Nouogradia
,
Smolne
,
and
Otifer
,
al
which
,
theyr
ambassadours
affirme
to
bee
of
princely
and
magnificall
buyldynges
,
and
strongely
defended
with
waules
bothe
of
brycke
and
square
stone
.
Of
these
,
Blescouia
is
strongest
and
enuironed
with
three
waules
.
Other
which
they
haue
innumerable
are
not
so
famous
as
are
these
wherof
this
duke
of
Moscouie
and
Emperoure
of
Russia
taketh
th
inscription
of
his
litle
.
The
〈◊〉
Moscouia
&
Emperour
of
Russia
.
For
euen
at
this
present
,
when
so
euer
eyther
by
his
ambassadours
or
his
letters
,
he
dooth
signifie
hym selfe
to
bee
Emperoure
of
Moscouie
,
his
is
accustomed
to
vse
this
litle
.
Th●
duke
of
Moscouia
his
tytle
.
Basilius
by
the
grace
of
god
Emperoure
of
all
Russia
and
greate
Duke
of
Fladamer
,
Moscouie
,
Nouigrade
,
Blescouia
,
Smolne
,
and
Otifer
.
&c.
And
this
is
the
tytle
whereby
the
sayde
ambassadours
saluted
yowre
maiestie
in
the
name
of
great
Basilius
when
they
began
theyr
oration
.
Duke
Basilius
.
This
prince
of
Moscouie
hath
vnder
hym
princes
of
many
prouinces
and
those
of
great
poure
:
Of
the
which
,
that
owlde
whyte
bearded
man
whom
this
Emperour
of
the
Ruthians
sente
for
his
ambassadoure
to
Th
emperours
maiestie
into
Spayne
,
Their
poure
.
is
not
one
of
the
least
.
For
euen
he
when
necessitie
of
warre
requyreth
,
is
accustomed
to
make
for
his
Emperour
a
bande
of
.xxx
thousande
horsemen
.
But
this
is
to
theyr
singular
commendation
that
they
are
so
obedient
to
theyr
prince
in
al
thynges
,
Theyr
obedience
to
theyr
prince
.
that
beinge
sommoned
by
hym
by
neuer
so
meane
an
hearald
,
they
obey
incontinent
as
if
it
were
to
god
,
Theyr
wars
&
conquestes
.
thynkynge
nothyng
more
glorious
then
to
dye
in
the
quarell
of
theyr
prince
.
By
reason
of
which
obedience
,
they
are
able
in
short
tyme
,
to
assemble
an
army
of
two
or
three
hundreth
thousande
men
ageynst
theyr
enemies
eyther
the
Tartars
or
the
greate
Cham
:
And
haue
hereby
obteyned
great
victories
and
triumphes
aswell
ageynst
the
Turkes
as
the
Tartars
by
the
exceadyng
multitude
of
theyr
horsemen
and
continual
experience
in
warres
.
At
such
time
as
Th
emperour
Maximilian
made
a
league
with
them
,
they
kept
warre
ageynst
the
kynge
of
Polonie
.
Gunnes
.
They
vse
not
only
bowes
and
dartes
after
the
maner
of
the
Parthians
,
but
haue
also
the
vse
of
gunnes
as
we
haue
.
And
to
bee
briefe
,
onely
the
Moscouites
maye
seeme
that
nation
whiche
hath
not
felte
the
commodities
of
peace
:
On●y
the
moscouites
haue
not
felt
the
commodities
of
peace
.
In
so
muche
that
yf
theyr
region
were
not
strongely
defended
by
the
nature
of
the
place
beinge
impreignable
,
it
had
or
nowe
byn
often
tymes
conquered
.
Theyr
language
agreeth
much
with
the
toonge
of
the
Bohemians
,
Croatians
,
and
Sclauons
:
so
that
the
Sclauon
dooth
playnly
vnderstande
the
Moscouite
,
Theyr
language
.
although
the
Moscouian
toonge
be
a
more
rude
and
hard
phrase
of
speach
.
The
historiographers
wryte
that
the
Sclauons
toonge
tooke
the
name
of
the
confusion
whiche
was
in
Babell
in
the
tyme
of
that
stowt
hunter
Nemroth
of
whome
mention
is
made
in
the
Genesis
.
But
I
can
not
enowgh
marueyle
at
this
thing
,
that
wheras
betwene
Dalmatia
(
now
cauled
Sclauonia
)
and
Moscouia
,
Dalmatia
.
both
the
Pannonies
are
situate
,
Pannonia
.
yet
this
notwithstandynge
,
the
Hungarians
toonge
nothynge
agreeth
w●th
the
Mosc●uites
.
hungarie
.
Wherby
wee
may
coniec●ure
that
the
e●at●ons
were
sumtymes
diuided
by
legions
,
Theyr
original
.
and
that
they
came
owt
of
Dalmatia
thyther
:
whiche
thynge
also
Uolateranus
affirmeth
,
sayinge
that
the
language
of
the
Ruthenians
(
whiche
are
the
Moscouites
)
is
Semid●lmatic●
(
that
is
)
halfe
Sclauone
.
The
Sclauon
t●●nge
reacheth
farre
.
Howe
so
euer
it
bee
,
this
is
certeyne
that
the
ohemians
,
Croatians
,
Sclau●ns
,
and
Mo●couites
,
agree
in
language
as
wee
perceaued
by
th
interpretours
which
yowre
maiestie
had
then
in
yowre
courte
.
For
whereas
the
sayde
interpretours
were
borne
amonge
the
Croatians
and
Sclauons
and
none
of
them
had
euer
byn
in
Moscouia
,
or
beefore
that
tyme
had
any
conuersation
with
them
,
yet
dyd
they
well
vnd●rstande
the
ambassadours
woordes
.
There
are
in
Moscouia
,
wooddes
of
exceadynge
byggenesse
,
in
the
which
blacke
woolues
and
whyte
beares
are
hunted
.
Great
woods
white
beares
and
blacke
woo●ues
.
The
cause
wherof
may
bee
th
extreme
could
of
the
north
,
which
dooth
greatly
alter
the
complexions
of
beastes
,
and
is
the
mother
of
whytenesse
as
the
Philosophers
affirme
.
They
haue
also
great
plentie
of
bees
,
wherby
they
haue
such
abundaunce
of
hony
and
waxe
that
it
is
with
them
of
smaul
price
.
Abundance
of
hony
and
waxe
.
When
the
commoditie
of
theyr
countrey
is
neglected
by
reason
of
longe
warres
,
theyr
chiefe
aduauntage
whereby
they
haue
all
thynges
necessarie
towarde
theyr
lyuynge
,
is
the
gaines
which
they
haue
by
theyr
rych
furres
,
Rych
furres
.
as
Sables
,
Marternes
,
Theyr
maner
of
bargenyng
Luzernes
,
most
whyte
armyns
,
and
such
other
which
they
sell
to
marchauntes
of
dyuers
countreys
.
They
bye
and
sell
with
simple
faythe
of
woordes
exchaungynge
ware
for
ware
withowt
any
curious
bondes
or
cautels
.
And
albeit
they
haue
the
vse
of
both
golde
and
syluer
monyes
,
yet
doo
they
for
the
most
part
exchaunge
theyr
furres
for
frutes
and
other
thynges
necessarie
to
manteine
theyr
lyfe
.
Rude
&
wylde
people
.
There
are
also
sum
people
vnder
the
dominion
of
this
Emperour
,
which
haue
neither
wyne
nor
wheate
,
but
lyue
onl●
by
flesshe
and
mylke
as
doo
the
wylde
Tartars
theyr
bortherers
which
dwel
in
wods
by
the
coastes
of
the
frosen
sea
.
Tartares
.
These
people
are
brutysshe
,
and
lyue
in
maner
lyke
wylde
beastes
.
But
they
of
the
citie
of
Mosca
and
Nouigrade
,
and
other
cities
,
are
ciuile
people
:
Ciuile
people
in
cities
.
and
agree
with
vs
in
eatynge
of
fysshe
and
flesshe
althowgh
theyr
maner
of
coquerie
is
in
many
thynges
differynge
frome
owres
.
Uolaterane
wryteth
that
the
Ruthenians
vse
money
vncoyned
.
Theyr
money
And
inquirynge
further
,
I
was
informed
that
the
money
of
Hungary
is
much
currant
with
them
.
But
this
is
chiefely
to
bee
consydered
,
They
embrase
the
Christian
fayth
whiche
thei
receaued
of
the
Apostles
.
that
they
imbrase
the
Christian
fayth
which
they
affirme
to
haue
byn
preached
to
them
fyrste
by
saynt
Andrewe
th
appostle
and
broother
to
Simon
Peter
.
Such
doctrine
also
as
vnder
Constanstine
the
greate
,
in
the
yeare
.
CCC.xviii
.
was
concluded
in
the
fyrst
generall
counsayle
holden
in
the
citie
of
Nicene
in
Bithynia
,
The
counsaile
of
Nicene
.
and
there
determyned
by
.
CCC.xviii
.
bysshoppes
,
and
also
such
as
hath
byn
wrytten
and
tawght
by
the
Greeke
doctoures
Basilius
Magnus
and
Chrisostomus
,
Basilius
Magnus
.
Chrisostomus
they
beleue
to
bee
so
holy
,
firme
and
syncere
,
that
they
thinke
it
no
more
lawfull
one
heare
to
transgresse
or
go
backe
from
the
same
,
then
from
the
gospell
of
Christ
.
For
theyr
constancie
and
modestie
is
such
,
Theyr
constancie
in
theyr
religion
.
that
no
man
dare
caule
those
thynges
into
question
which
haue
once
byn
decised
by
holy
fathers
in
theyr
general
counsailes
.
They
doo
therfore
with
a
more
constante
mynde
perseuer
in
theyr
fyrst
fayth
which
they
receaued
of
saynt
Andrewe
th
appostle
and
his
successours
and
holy
fathers
,
that
doo
manye
of
vs
beinge
diuided
into
scismes
and
sectes
whiche
thynge
neuer
chaunceth
amonge
them
.
The
bysshoppes
define
controuersies
in
religion
.
But
if
any
difficultie
chaunce
to
rise
as
touchynge
the
fayth
or
custome
of
religion
,
all
is
referred
to
the
archbyshoppe
and
other
byshoppes
as
to
bee
defined
by
theyr
spirite
.
Theyr
bysshops
.
not
permyttinge
any
iudgemente
to
the
inconstant
and
ignorant
people
.
Theyr
archebyshoppe
is
residente
in
the
citie
of
Mosca
,
where
also
Th
emperoure
keepethe
his
courte
.
They
haue
lykewyse
dyuers
other
byshops
:
as
one
in
Nouigradia
,
where
also
Isodorus
was
bysshop
vnder
pope
Eugenius
.
They
haue
an
other
in
Rosciuia
,
an
other
in
Sus●ali
,
an
other
in
Otileri
:
also
in
Smolne
,
in
Resan
,
in
Colmum
,
and
in
Uolut
,
all
which
haue
theyr
dioces
.
They
acknowleage
theyr
Archebyshop
as
the
chiefe
.
The
Archebysshoppe
.
Before
the
patriarche
of
Constantinople
was
oppressed
by
the
Tiranni
of
the
Turkes
,
The
patriarke
of
Constantinople
.
this
Archebysshoppe
recognised
hym
as
his
superioure
.
In
so
much
that
this
duke
of
Moscouia
and
Emperour
of
Russia
,
not
vnmyndefull
hereof
but
a
diligente
obseruer
of
his
accustomed
religion
,
dooth
at
this
daye
yearely
sende
a
certeyne
stypende
in
maner
of
almes
to
the
patriarche
of
Constantinople
,
A
notable
exemple
of
a
Christian
prince
.
that
he
may
with
more
quiete
mynd
looke
for
th
ende
of
this
his
Egiptian
seruitude
vntyll
it
shal
please
almyghty
god
to
restore
hym
to
his
former
churche
and
autoritie
.
For
he
iudgeth
it
much
impietie
,
if
he
shulde
nowe
forsake
hym
whose
predicessoures
haue
ruled
and
gouerned
so
many
churches
,
and
of
whom
the
fayth
and
religion
of
so
many
regions
and
prouinces
haue
depended
.
But
to
speake
briefely
of
theyr
religion
,
Theyr
religion
.
they
agree
in
many
thynges
with
vs
,
and
in
sum
thynges
folow
the
Greekes
.
They
haue
munkes
and
religious
men
.
Not
farre
from
the
citie
of
Mosca
,
they
haue
a
great
monasterie
in
the
whiche
are
three
hundreth
munkes
lyuynge
vnder
the
rule
of
Basilius
Magnus
in
the
which
is
also
the
sepulcher
of
S.
Sergius
the
abbot
.
A
monasterie
of
.ccc.
munkes
They
obserue
theyr
vowe
of
chastitie
which
none
may
breake
that
haue
once
professed
.
Yet
such
as
haue
maried
virgins
of
good
fame
,
may
bee
admitted
to
th
order
of
presthod
,
but
may
neuer
bee
a
munke
.
The
prestes
and
bysshops
whiche
are
admitted
to
orders
vnmaried
,
Preestes
.
may
neuer
after
bee
maried
:
nor
yet
such
as
haue
wiues
,
mary
ageine
when
they
are
dead
,
but
liue
in
perpetual
chastitie
.
Such
as
committe
adulterie
or
fornication
,
are
greeuously
punysshed
by
the
bysshoppes
and
depriued
of
the
benefices
.
Masse
.
They
celebrate
masse
after
the
maner
of
the
Greekes
which
differeth
from
owres
in
dyuers
thinges
,
A
mysterie
.
as
in
fermented
breade
after
the
maner
of
the
Greekes
.
They
put
in
the
chalesse
as
much
water
as
redde
wine
,
which
water
they
vse
to
heate
,
bycause
(
not
withowt
a
great
mysterie
)
there
isshewed
furth
of
the
syde
of
owre
lorde
,
both
blud
and
water
,
which
wee
ought
by
good
reason
to
thynke
was
not
withowt
heate
:
for
els
shulde
it
scarsely
haue
byn
iudged
for
a
miracle
.
The
primatiue
church
.
In
fine
,
they
affirme
that
all
theyr
customes
and
rytes
are
accordynge
to
th
institutions
of
the
primatyue
church
and
the
doctrine
of
Basilius
Magnus
,
and
Chrisostomus
.
A
straunge
custome
.
In
this
thynge
they
dyffer
greately
from
vs
,
that
they
minister
the
communion
to
younge
children
of
three
yeares
of
age
,
which
they
doo
with
fermented
breade
dipte
in
a
sponefull
of
wyne
,
and
gyue
it
them
for
the
bodye
and
bludde
of
Chryste
.
¶
Of
the
North
regions
and
of
the
moderate
and
continuall
heate
in
coulde
regions
aswell
in
the
nyght
as
in
the
day
in
soommer
season
:
Also
howe
those
regions
are
habitable
to
th
inhabitauntes
of
the
same
,
contrary
to
th
oppinion
of
the
owlde
wryters
.
OF
this
matter
,
Ziglerus
in
his
booke
of
the
Northe
regions
in
the
description
of
Scondia
wryteth
as
foloweth
.
Ziglerus
.
Wee
wyll
intreate
of
this
matter
,
not
as
puttynge
the
same
in
question
as
dyd
the
owld
wryters
,
nor
gatherynge
iudgement
deducted
of
reasons
in
way
of
argument
,
forasmuch
as
wee
are
alredy
more
certeyne
by
hystorie
that
these
coulde
regions
are
inhabited
.
Wee
wyll
fyrst
therfore
shewe
by
naturall
reason
and
by
consideration
of
the
sphere
,
declare
how
by
the
helpe
of
man
and
arte
,
coulde
regions
are
inhabited
withowt
domage
or
destruction
of
lyuynge
beastes
:
And
wyll
fyrste
speake
of
the
qualitie
of
sommer
,
The
qualitie
of
soomer
in
could
regions
.
declarynge
howe
it
is
there
augmented
Yet
intende
I
not
to
comprehende
all
that
maye
bee
sayde
in
this
matter
,
but
only
rehearse
such
reasons
and
similitudes
as
are
most
apparent
and
easy
to
bee
vnderstoode
.
In
such
regions
therfore
,
as
are
extended
from
the
burnt
line
or
Equinoctiall
towarde
the
north
,
as
much
as
the
sonne
rysethe
hygher
ouer
theim
,
The
course
of
the
sonne
.
so
muche
are
they
the
more
burnte
with
heate
,
as
Affrica
,
bycause
it
ryseth
hyghest
ouer
them
as
they
are
nearest
to
the
Equinoctiall
:
and
taryinge
with
theim
so
much
the
shorter
time
causeth
shorter
days
,
with
longer
&
coulder
nyghtes
to
restore
the
domage
of
the
day
past
by
reason
of
the
moisture
consumed
by
vapour
.
Uapours
.
But
in
such
regions
ouer
the
which
the
sonne
ryseth
lower
(
as
in
Sarmatia
)
it
remayneth
there
the
longer
in
the
day
,
and
causeth
so
much
the
shorter
and
warmer
nyghtes
,
Short
and
Warme
nyghtes
.
as
reteynynge
warme
vapoures
of
the
day
past
,
which
vapours
helpe
the
woorke
of
the
day
.
I
speake
as
I
haue
founde
by
experience
,
saythe
Upsaliensis
.
For
I
haue
felt
the
sommer
nyghtes
scarsely
tollerable
for
heate
in
Gothlande
,
Gothlande
wheras
I
felte
them
coulde
in
Rome
.
This
benefite
of
th
increase
of
the
day
,
doth
augment
so
much
the
more
in
coulde
regions
as
they
are
nearer
the
poles
:
and
ceaceth
not
vntyll
it
coome
directly
ouer
the
center
or
poynte
of
the
ares
or
axceltree
of
the
worlde
,
where
the
sonne
beinge
at
the
hyghest
in
sommer
,
One
day
of
.vi
monethes
.
is
eleuate
abowt
.xxiiii.
degrees
:
In
which
regions
,
one
continual
day
consisteth
of
.vi.
monethes
from
the
sprynge
tyme
by
the
standynge
of
the
soonne
(
cauled
Solstitium
)
in
the
signe
of
Cancer
to
Autumne
.
The
soonne
therfore
,
withowt
any
offence
of
the
night
,
gyueth
his
influence
vppon
those
landes
with
heate
that
neuer
ceasethe
durynge
that
tyme
,
which
maketh
to
the
great
increase
of
soommer
by
reason
of
continuance
.
howe
the
sommer
is
increased
in
could
regions
.
We
haue
now
therfore
thought
good
to
gather
by
a
certeyne
coniecture
howe
greately
wee
thinke
the
soommer
to
bee
increased
hereby
.
Wee
haue
before
declared
howe
hyghe
the
soonne
is
eleuate
ouer
the
regions
that
are
vnder
the
poles
at
the
staye
of
the
soonne
:
And
so
manye
partes
is
it
eleuate
in
Rome
at
the
stay
of
the
soonne
in
wynter
(
that
is
)
at
the
shortest
day
in
the
yeare
.
Rome
.
But
here
,
in
the
mydde
wynter
,
the
soonne
at
noone
tyde
is
beneficiall
,
and
bryngeth
foorth
floures
,
roses
,
and
ielefloures
.
I
haue
gathered
sum
in
wynter
in
the
moneth
of
December
,
not
procured
at
home
by
humane
arte
,
but
growinge
●n
open
gardenes
in
maner
in
euery
bedde
vnder
the
bare
heauen
,
browght
foorth
only
by
the
soonne
.
But
this
benignitie
of
the
soonne
,
Could
nights
in
hot
regions
.
continueth
not
past
fiue
houres
in
the
naturall
day
,
forasmuch
as
th
operation
therof
is
extinct
by
the
couldenesse
of
the
nyght
folowynge
.
But
if
this
benefite
myght
bee
receaued
withowt
hinderaunce
of
the
nyght
,
as
it
is
vnder
the
poles
,
and
so
continue
many
monethes
in
hot
regions
vnto
winter
,
it
shulde
suerlye
brynge
foorthe
manye
woonderfull
thynges
,
if
moysture
fayled
not
.
And
by
this
condition
thus
propounded
,
wee
may
well
conceaue
that
the
Romane
winter
,
The
Roman●
wynter
.
althowgh
it
be
not
hotte
,
yet
to
be
equal
in
heate
to
the
full
sprynge
tyme
in
the
same
citie
durynge
the
tyme
of
the
sayde
fiue
houres
.
And
thus
by
a
similitude
of
the
height
of
the
soonne
vnder
bothe
places
,
and
of
the
knowen
qualitie
of
the
Romane
heauen
,
and
by
th
accesse
of
the
soonne
to
such
places
where
the
longest
day
continueth
certeyne
monethes
,
wee
maye
gather
that
soommer
in
places
vnder
the
pole
,
is
lyke
vnto
and
equall
with
the
full
Romane
sprynge
.
But
the
more
difficulte
question
,
is
of
the
tyme
of
the
.vi
moonethes
in
the
whiche
the
soonne
leaueth
those
regions
,
One
nyght
of
vi
.
monethes
and
goth
by
the
contrarye
or
ouerthwarte
circle
towarde
the
south
in
wynter
.
Obiections
.
For
they
say
that
at
that
tyme
,
those
regions
are
deformed
with
horrible
darkenesse
and
nyghtes
not
increased
,
which
may
bee
the
cause
that
beastes
can
not
seke
theyr
foode
.
And
that
also
the
coulde
shulde
then
bee
in●ollerable
:
by
which
double
euyls
all
thynges
constrayned
shulde
dye
,
so
that
no
beaste
were
able
to
abyde
th
iniuries
of
wynter
and
famen
insuinge
therof
:
but
that
all
beastes
shulde
perysshe
before
the
sommer
folowynge
,
when
they
shulde
bringe
furth
theyr
broode
or
succession
:
And
that
for
these
causes
,
the
sayde
coulde
clime
shulde
bee
perpetually
desolate
and
vnhabitable
.
To
al
which
obiections
,
we
answere
in
this
maner
As
touchynge
the
nyghtes
not
increased
,
I
saye
,
that
it
was
not
conuenient
to
assume
that
for
any
reason
.
For
not
as
the
soonne
fauleth
,
so
suddeynly
commeth
the
darke
night
but
that
the
euenynge
dooth
substitute
and
prolonge
the
day
longe
after
,
The
twylyghtes
.
as
also
the
day
sprynge
or
dawnynge
of
the
daye
gyueth
a
certeyne
lyght
before
the
rysinge
of
the
soonne
:
After
the
whiche
,
the
residue
of
the
nyght
that
receaueth
no
light
by
the
sayde
euenynge
and
mornynge
twilightes
,
is
accomplysshed
by
the
lyght
of
the
moone
,
The
lyght
of
the
mone
.
so
that
the
nyghtes
are
seldome
vnaugmented
.
Let
this
bee
an
exemple
proued
by
owre
temperate
regions
,
wherby
we
may
vnderstande
the
condition
of
the
nyght
vnder
the
pole
.
●he
myght
vnder
the
pole
.
Therfore
euen
there
also
the
twilightes
helpe
the
nyght
a
longe
tyme
,
as
we
wyl
more
presently
demonstrate
.
It
is
approued
by
the
Astronomers
,
that
the
soonne
descendynge
from
the
highest
halfe
sphere
by
xviii
.
paralels
of
the
vnder
horizon
,
makethe
an
ende
of
the
twylight
,
A
demonstration
.
so
that
at
the
lengthe
the
darke
nyght
succedeth
:
And
that
the
soonne
approchynge
,
and
rysynge
aboue
the
hyghest
halfe
sphere
by
as
many
paralels
,
dooth
diminysshe
the
nyght
and
increase
the
twylyght
.
Ageyne
,
by
the
position
or
placeinge
of
the
sphere
vnder
the
pole
,
the
same
is
the
horizontall
that
is
the
Equinoctiall
.
Those
paralelles
therefore
that
are
paralels
to
the
horizontal
line
,
are
also
paralels
to
the
Equinoctiall
.
So
that
the
soonne
descendynge
there
vnder
the
horizon
,
dooth
not
brynge
darke
nyghtes
to
those
regions
vntyll
it
coomme
to
the
paralele
distant
.xviii.
partes
from
the
Equinoctiall
.
Other
demonstrations
hereof
are
made
by
certeyne
fygures
of
Astronomie
,
whiche
I
wolde
haue
added
hereunto
but
that
I
coulde
not
gette
the
same
grauen
or
cutte
.
Durynge
the
tyme
of
these
sayde
syxe
moonethes
of
darkenesse
vnder
the
pole
,
the
nyght
is
destitute
of
the
benefite
of
the
soonne
and
the
sayde
twylyghtes
,
onely
for
the
space
of
three
moonethes
,
in
the
whiche
the
soonne
goeth
and
returneth
by
the
portion
of
the
ouerthwart
circle
.
But
yet
neyther
this
tyme
of
three
moonethes
is
withowt
remedy
frome
heauen
.
For
the
moone
with
her
full
globe
increased
in
lyghte
,
The
Moone
.
hath
accesse
at
that
tyme
,
and
illuminateth
the
moonethes
lackynge
lyght
,
euery
one
by
them selues
,
halfe
the
course
of
the
moonethe
:
by
whose
benefite
it
coommeth
to
passe
that
the
night
,
named
as
vnaugment●d
,
possesseth
those
regions
no
longer
then
one
mooneth
and
a
halfe
,
neyther
that
continually
or
al
at
one
tyme
:
but
this
also
diuided
into
three
sorts
of
shorter
nyghtes
,
of
the
whiche
euery
one
endureth
for
the
space
of
twoo
weekes
,
and
are
illuminate
of
the
moone
accordyngly
.
And
this
is
the
reason
conceaued
of
the
poure
of
the
sphere
wherby
we
testifie
that
the
sommers
and
nyghtes
vnder
the
pole
,
are
tollerable
to
lyuynge
beastes
.
But
wee
wyll
nowe
declare
by
other
remedies
of
nature
and
arte
,
Remedies
of
nature
&
art
.
that
this
coulde
so
greatly
feared
,
is
more
remisse
&
tollerable
then
owre
opinion
:
so
that
compared
to
the
nature
of
such
beastes
as
liue
there
,
it
may
bee
abydden
.
And
there
is
no
doubt
but
there
are
autours
of
more
antiquitie
then
that
age
in
the
which
any
thynge
was
exactly
knowen
or
discouered
of
the
north
regions
.
The
owlde
wryters
therfore
persuaded
onely
by
naked
coniecture
,
dydde
gather
what
they
myght
determine
of
those
places
:
Or
rather
by
the
estimation
of
heauen
,
the
which
,
bycause
they
felte
it
to
bee
hardely
tollerable
to
them selues
,
and
lesse
to
men
borne
in
the
clyme
of
Egypte
and
Grecia
,
tooke
therby
an
argument
of
the
hole
habitable
earth
.
The
hystorie
of
Strabo
is
knowen
,
that
a
potte
of
brasse
which
was
broken
in
sunder
with
frosen
water
,
A
brasen
pot
broken
with
frost
.
was
brought
from
Pontus
and
shewed
in
Delphis
in
token
of
a
greuous
wynter
.
Here
therfore
,
they
that
so
greatly
feared
the
winter
(
such
as
chaunceth
to
the
earth
vnder
the
xlviii
.
paralele
)
and
therefore
consecrated
that
broken
pot
to
the
temple
of
Apollo
,
what
coulde
such
men
trewly
define
vppon
regions
so
farre
withowt
that
paralele
,
whether
they
were
inhabited
or
not
?
But
such
as
folowed
these
,
being
contented
with
th
inuentions
of
the
owlde
autours
,
and
borne
in
maner
vnd●r
the
same
qualitie
of
heauen
,
persisted
wyllyngly
in
the
same
opinion
,
with
more
confidence
then
consideration
of
the
thynges
whereof
wee
nowe
intreate
:
so
lyghtly
was
that
opinion
receaued
as
touching
the
vnhabitable
clime
vnder
the
poles
.
But
we
with
better
confidence
and
faithe
(
forasmuch
as
we
are
not
instructed
with
coniectures
)
intend
to
stande
ageynst
the
sentence
of
the
owld
autours
:
Affirming
the
north
regions
within
the
coulde
clime
to
bee
inhabyted
with
hearynges
,
Fysshes
of
the
North
seas
.
coddes
,
haddockes
,
and
brettes
,
tunnyes
,
and
other
great
fysshes
,
with
th
infinite
number
wherof
,
tables
are
furnysshed
through
a
great
parte
of
Europe
:
Al
whiche
are
taken
in
the
north
sea
extended
beyonde
owr
knoweleage
.
The
North
sea
.
This
sea
at
certeyne
tymes
of
the
yeare
,
poureth
furth
his
plentifulnesse
,
or
rather
dryueth
furth
his
increase
to
seke
newe
mansions
,
and
are
here
taken
in
theyr
passage
.
Furthermore
also
,
euen
the
mouthes
of
the
riuer
of
Tyber
receaue
a
fysshe
as
a
newe
gest
sent
from
the
north
sea
.
This
swamme
twyse
through
Fraunce
and
twise
throughe
Spayne
:
Ouer-passed
the
Ligurian
and
Tuscan
sea
to
communicate
her selfe
to
the
citie
of
Rome
.
The
lakes
also
and
ryuers
of
those
regions
are
replenysshed
with
fysshe
:
In
so
much
that
no
poure
of
coulde
is
able
to
extinguy●she
th
increase
of
the
yeare
folowinge
,
and
the
succession
reparable
so
many
hundreth
yeares
.
And
I
playnely
thinke
,
that
yf
it
shulde
of
necessitie
folowe
,
that
one
of
these
two
elementes
,
The
qualitie
of
water
.
the
earthe
and
the
water
,
shuld●
be
destructiue
to
lyuynge
creatures
,
the
water
shulde
chiefely
haue
wrought
this
effecte
.
But
this
is
founde
so
tractable
,
that
in
the
diepe
wynter
,
both
that
increase
is
brought
furth
,
and
fysshynge
is
also
exercised
.
The
lande
is
lykewise
inhabited
with
lyke
plentifulnesse
.
The
lande
But
that
we
wander
not
to
farre
:
Let
the
fayth
hereof
rest
in
th
exposition
folowynge
,
wherin
we
intend
to
declare
howe
by
the
poure
of
nature
and
industry
of
man
,
this
commoditie
may
coomme
to
passe
.
Therfore
as
touchynge
nature
,
wee
suppose
that
the
diuine
prouidence
hath
made
nothynge
vncommunicable
,
The
diuine
prouidence
in
moderatynge
the
elements
but
to
haue
gyuen
such
order
to
all
thynges
wherby
euery
thynge
maye
bee
tollerable
to
the
nexte
.
The
extremeties
of
the
elementes
consent
with
theyr
next
.
The
ayer
is
grosse
abowt
the
earth
and
water
:
But
thinne
and
botte
abowt
the
fyre
.
By
this
prouidence
of
nature
,
the
vttermost
sea
is
very
salte
.
The
nature
of
the
sea
.
And
salte
(
as
wytnesseth
Plinie
)
yeldeth
the
farnesse
of
oyle
.
But
oyle
,
by
a
certeyne
natiue
heate
,
is
of
propertie
agreable
to
fyre
.
The
sea
then
,
beinge
all
of
such
qualitie
,
Salte
.
poureth
furth
it selfe
far
vppon
th
extreme
landes
,
whereby
by
reason
of
the
saltenesse
therof
,
it
moueth
and
stereth
vp
generatiue
heate
,
Generatiue
heate
.
as
by
fatnesse
it
noryssheth
the
fecunditie
of
thynges
generate
.
It
gyueth
this
frutfulnes
to
the
earth
at
certeyne
fluds
,
although
the
earth
also
it selfe
,
haue
in
his
inner
bowels
the
same
liuely
and
nurysshynge
heate
,
wherby
not
only
the
dennes
,
caues
and
holowe
places
,
Owtwarde
could
is
cause
of
inwarde
heate
.
but
also
sprynges
of
water
are
made
warme
:
And
this
so
much
the
more
,
in
howe
muche
the
wynter
is
more
vehement
.
This
thyng
dooth
more
appere
by
this
exemple
,
that
the
mountaynes
of
Norway
and
Suethlande
are
fruteful
of
metals
,
in
the
which
,
syluer
and
copper
are
concocte
and
molten
into
veynes
,
which
can
scarsely
bee
doonne
in
fornaces
.
By
this
reason
also
,
the
vapours
and
hotte
exhalations
perceinge
the
earthe
and
the
waters
,
Uapours
and
exhalations
.
and
throwghe
both
those
natures
breathynge
furth
into
the
ayer
,
tempereth
the
qualitie
of
heauen
and
maketh
it
tollerable
to
beastes
,
as
wytnesseth
the
huge
byggenesse
of
the
whales
in
those
seas
,
whales
.
with
the
strength
of
bodye
and
longe
lyfe
of
suche
beastes
as
liue
on
the
lande
:
Beastes
.
whiche
thynge
coulde
not
bee
,
excepte
all
thynges
were
there
commodiously
nurysshed
by
the
benefite
of
the
heauen
and
the
ayer
.
For
nothyng
that
in
the
tyme
of
increase
is
hyndered
by
any
iniurie
,
or
that
is
euyll
fedde
all
the
tyme
it
lyueth
,
can
prosper
well
.
hereby
maye
bee
considered
the
cause
of
the
deathe
of
owr
men
that
sayle
dir●ctly
to
Guinea
.
Neyther
are
such
thynges
as
lyue
there
,
offended
with
theyr
naturall
wynter
as
thowgh
an
Egiptian
or
Ethiopian
were
suddeynly
conueyed
into
those
coulde
regions
.
For
they
were
in
longe
tyme
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
browght
fyrst
acquaynted
with
the
nature
of
that
heauen
,
as
may
be
proued
both
by
the
lyfe
of
man
and
by
the
historie
of
holy
scripture
.
They
that
were
led
from
Mesopotania
,
and
that
famous
towre
of
Babilon
towarde
the
north
partes
of
the
worlde
in
the
fyrst
dispertion
of
nations
,
dyd
not
immediatly
passe
to
th
extreme
boundes
,
No
passage
from
one
extremitie
to
another
but
by
a
meane
.
but
planted
theyr
habitations
fyrst
vnder
a
myddle
heauen
betwene
both
,
as
in
Thracia
and
Pontus
,
where
theyr
posteritie
was
accustomed
the
better
to
susteyne
the
rygoure
of
Scythia
and
Lanais
,
as
he
〈◊〉
at
commeth
from
winter
to
soommer
,
maye
the
better
after
abyde
Ise
and
snowe
beinge
fyrst
hardened
therto
by
the
frostes
of
Autumne
.
In
lyke
maner
mortall
men
,
accustomed
to
beare
the
hardenesse
of
places
nexte
vnto
theym
,
were
therby
at
the
length
more
confirmed
to
susteyne
the
extremes
.
And
here
also
,
if
any
sharpenesse
remayne
that
maye
seeme
intollerable
,
nature
hathe
prouyded
for
the
same
with
other
remedies
.
For
the
lande
and
sea
,
hathe
gyuen
vnto
beastes
,
diepe
and
large
caues
,
dennes
,
Caues
and
dennes
.
and
other
holowe
places
and
secreate
corners
in
mountaynes
and
rockes
bothe
on
the
lande
and
by
the
sea
bankes
,
in
the
which
are
euer
conteyned
warme
vapoures
so
much
the
more
intent
and
vehement
,
in
howe
much
they
are
the
more
constrayned
by
extreme
could
Nature
hath
also
gyuen
valleys
diuerted
and
defended
frome
the
north
wyndes
.
Ualleys
.
Shee
hath
lykewise
couered
beastes
with
heare
so
much
the
thicker
in
howe
muche
the
vehemencie
of
could
is
greater
:
by
reason
wherof
the
best
and
rychest
furres
are
browght
frome
those
regions
,
The
best
furres
.
as
Sables
whose
price
is
growne
to
great
excesse
nexte
vnto
gold
and
precious
stones
,
Sables
.
and
are
estemed
princely
ornamentes
.
The
beastes
that
beare
these
furres
,
are
hunted
chiefely
in
wynter
(
wh●ch
thynge
is
more
straunge
)
bycause
theyr
heare
is
thenne
thicker
and
cleaueth
faster
to
the
skyn
.
Howe
greauous
then
shall
we
thinke
the
winter
to
bee
there
where
this
lyttle
beast
lyueth
so
well
,
and
where
the
hunters
may
search
the
dennes
and
hauntes
of
such
beastes
throwghe
the
wooddes
and
snowe
?
Beastes
that
lye
hyd
in
wynter
.
But
suche
beastes
the
condition
of
whose
bodies
is
so
tender
that
they
are
not
able
to
abyde
th
iniurie
of
coulde
,
eyther
lye
hydde
in
wynter
,
or
chaunge
theyr
habitation
,
as
do
certeyne
beastes
also
in
owre
clime
.
Nature
hath
furthermore
gyuen
remedie
to
man
bothe
by
arte
and
industry
to
defende
him selfe
both
a
brode
and
at
home
.
Abrode
,
with
a
thicke
vesture
,
and
the
same
well
dowbeled
.
At
home
,
with
large
fyers
on
harthes
,
chymyneys
,
and
in
stooues
for
the
day
,
with
close
chambers
,
and
couches
,
softe
and
warme
beddes
for
the
nyght
:
by
whiche
remedies
they
mirigate
the
winters
which
seeme
rigorous
to
straungers
,
All
beastes
haue
the
nature
of
the
place
where
they
are
engendere●
althowghe
they
are
to
th
inhabitauntes
more
tollerable
then
owre
opinion
,
as
in
deede
by
the
fyrst
natural
mixture
or
composition
of
theyr
bodies
,
such
thinges
are
agreable
to
them
as
seeme
very
harde
to
other
.
The
lion
in
Affrike
and
the
beare
in
Sarmatia
,
are
fierce
as
in
theyr
presente
strength
and
vigoure
:
but
translated
into
a
contrary
heauen
,
are
of
lesse
strength
and
courage
.
The
foule
cauled
Ciconia
(
which
sum
thinke
to
bee
the
storke
)
dooth
not
tary
the
winter
:
yet
doo
the
cranes
coomme
at
that
tyme
.
The
Scythian
wyll
accuse
the
Romane
heauen
as
induccinge
feuers
,
wheras
neuerthelesse
there
is
none
more
holsoome
.
what
exercise
may
doo
.
Such
as
haue
byn
tenderly
browght
vp
,
if
they
coomme
suddenly
in
to
the
campe
,
can
not
away
with
hunger
,
watchynge
,
heate
,
passages
throwgh
ryuers
,
ba●tayles
,
sieges
,
and
assaultes
.
But
the
owld
souldier
exercised
in
the
warres
,
vseth
these
as
meditations
of
the
fielde
,
as
hardened
therto
by
longe
experience
.
He
that
hath
byn
accustomed
to
the
shadowe
of
the
citie
,
and
wyll
attempte
the
sayinge
of
the
poet
Uirgil
,
Nudus
ara
,
sere
nudus
,
that
is
,
naked
and
bare
withowt
house
&
home
,
shall
to
his
perell
make
an
ende
of
the
verse
,
Use
maketh
masteries
.
H●bebis
frigora
febrem
(
that
is
)
he
shall
haue
the
coulde
ague
.
Suche
thynges
therfore
as
seeme
harde
vnto
vs
,
beinge
accustomed
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
,
becomme
more
tollerable
:
In
so
much
that
this
exercise
of
su●feraunce
by
such
degrees
,
dooth
oftentymes
grow
to
prodigious
effectes
facte
beyonde
owre
expectation
.
And
thus
wee
seeme
to
haue
made
sufficient
demonstration
,
by
heauen
,
nature
,
and
arte
,
wherby
it
may
appere
that
no
part
of
the
lande
or
sea
is
denyed
to
lyuynge
creatures
.
The
reader
may
also
perceaue
how
large
matter
of
reasons
and
exemples
may
bee
opened
for
the
declarynge
of
owre
opinion
wherein
wee
rest
.
Let
the●fore
th
autoritie
of
the
ancient
autours
gyue
place
,
and
the
consent
of
the
newe
wryters
agree
to
this
hystory
,
not
as
nowe
at
the
length
comprehend●d
(
whereas
before
many
hundreth
yeares
Germanie
and
Scondia
had
entercourse
of
,
Scondia
.
marchaund●es
not
seuered
by
the
large
goulfe
of
Bothia
▪
but
as
nowe
by
owr
commentaries
brought
to
light
.
And
hau●ng
sayde
has
much
in
maner
of
a
preface
,
we
w●ll
nowe
procede
to
wryte
of
the
north
regions
.
¶
Schondia
.
SChondia
,
S●hondama
,
or
Schondenmarchia
,
is
as
much
to
say
as
fayre
Dania
or
fayre
Denmarke
.
Scone
.
is
fayre
in
the
duch
toonge
.
Plinie
in
one
place
,
nameth
it
Scandia
,
and
in
an
other
,
Scandinaui●
if
there
bee
no
fauce
in
the
templers
.
It
was
named
Schondia
,
by
reason
of
the
fayrenesse
and
true
fulnesse
therof
.
And
this
aswell
for
that
in
beneficiall
heauen
,
fertilitie
of
gronnde
,
The
fertilitie
of
●condia
.
commodite
of
hauens
and
marte
townes
,
abundaunce
of
ryuers
and
fysshe
,
plentie
of
beastes
,
great
quantitie
of
metall
,
as
golde
,
syluer
,
copper
,
and
leade
,
diligent
culturynge
the
grounde
,
with
townes
and
cities
wel
inhabited
and
gouerned
by
ciuile
lawes
,
it
gyuethe
place
to
none
other
fortunate
region
.
This
was
in
maner
vnknowen
to
the
owlde
Greekes
and
Latins
as
may
appeare
by
this
argomente
that
with
one
consente
they
affirmed
that
in
these
north
regions
the
could
zon●
or
clime
,
was
condemned
to
perpetuall
snowe
intollerable
to
all
lyuynge
creatures
.
For
few
of
them
haue
made
mention
hereof
as
to
be
inhabited
.
Amonge
whom
Plinie
as
one
of
the
chiefe
,
sayth
in
his
fourth
booke
,
that
Schondania
is
of
vnknowen
byggenesse
:
and
only
that
portion
therof
to
be
knowen
which
is
inhabited
with
the
nation
of
the
Hilleui●nes
in
fiftie
vyllages
.
Neyther
yet
is
Eningia
lesse
in
opinion
.
he
meaneth
Diodorus
Siculus
.
Other
more
auncient
then
Plinie
,
haue
placed
most
fortunate
regions
,
with
men
of
longe
lyfe
(
whiche
the
Greekes
caule
Macrobios
)
and
of
moste
innocente
behauour
vnder
the
tracte
of
those
landes
:
and
that
there
came
from
thence
to
Delphos
,
certeyne
religious
virginnes
with
vowes
and
gyftes
consecrated
to
Apollo
:
And
furthermore
that
that
nation
obserued
this
institution
vntyll
the
sayde
virgins
were
violated
of
them
of
whome
they
were
receaued
as
straungers
.
These
are
most
cleare
testimonies
of
Antiquitie
,
both
of
the
greatnesse
of
Schondia
,
and
the
people
that
inhabite
the
same
,
althowgh
they
were
sence
vnknowen
,
as
lykewyse
the
Gothes
departynge
from
these
north
landes
althowghe
they
obteyned
Th
empire
of
the
regions
abowte
the
marisshes
of
Meotis
and
the
coastes
of
the
sea
Euxinus
,
●hinuasions
of
the
Gothes
with
the
realme
of
Denmarke
(
wherof
that
is
thought
to
bee
a
portion
which
is
nowe
cauled
Transiluania
)
and
the
bankes
of
the
ryuer
of
Danubius
,
●ransiluania
and
in
fine
inuaded
the
Romane
Empire
,
yet
were
not
the
regions
wel
knowen
from
whense
they
tooke
theyr
originall
.
Therefore
lyke
as
parte
of
the
owlde
wryters
are
vnsufficient
wytnesses
to
testifie
of
owre
narrations
as
touchynge
these
landes
vnknowen
to
them
,
Euen
so
the
other
parte
which
excluded
the
same
as
vnhabitable
,
are
to
bee
conuinced
leaste
theyr
autoritie
beinge
admitted
,
shuld
ingender
opinions
not
agreeable
or
conuenient
to
the
nature
of
places
.
Sigismundus
Liberus
,
in
his
commentaries
of
Moscouia
,
wryteth
thus
.
Scandia
or
Scondia
,
is
no
Iland
(
as
sume
haue
thought
)
but
parte
of
the
continente
or
firme
lande
of
Suetia
,
which
by
a
longe
tracte
reacheth
to
Gothlande
:
And
that
nowe
the
kynge
of
Denmarke
possesseth
a
great
parte
therof
.
But
wheras
the
wryters
of
these
thinges
haue
made
Scondia
greater
then
Suetia
,
&
that
the
Gothes
and
Lumbardes
came
frome
thense
,
The
Gothes
and
Lumbardes
.
they
seeme
in
my
opinion
to
comprehende
these
three
kyngedomes
as
it
were
in
one
body
,
only
vnder
the
name
of
Scondia
,
forasmuch
as
then
,
that
parte
of
lande
that
lyeth
betwene
the
sea
Balthrum
(
whiche
floweth
by
the
coastes
of
Finlandia
)
and
the
frosen
sea
,
was
vnknowen
:
And
that
by
reason
of
so
many
marisshes
,
innumerable
ryuers
,
and
intemperatnesse
of
heauen
,
it
is
yet
rude
vncultured
,
and
lyttle
knowen
.
Which
thynge
hath
byn
the
cause
that
summe
iudged
all
that
was
cauled
by
the
name
of
Scondia
,
to
bee
one
great
Ilande
.
¶
Gronlande
.
GRonlande
is
interpreted
greene
lande
:
so
cauled
for
the
great
increase
and
frutefulnesse
of
pasture
.
Frutefull
pasture
.
By
reason
wherof
,
what
great
plentie
of
cattayle
there
is
,
it
may
hereby
appere
that
at
such
tyme
as
shyppes
may
passe
thyther
they
set
furth
great
heapes
of
cheese
and
butter
to
bee
sould
,
wherby
wee
coniecture
that
the
lande
is
not
rowgh
with
barren
mountaynes
.
It
hath
two
Cathedrall
Churches
vnder
thordina●ion
of
Nidrosia
.
To
one
of
these
,
was
of
late
yeares
a
bysshop
appoynted
onely
by
the
tytle
of
a
suffragane
in
consideration
that
while
the
metropolitane
dooth
neglect
the
direction
of
religion
for
the
distance
of
the
place
and
difficult
nauigation
,
the
people
is
in
maner
faulne
to
gentilitie
,
Religion
neglected
.
beinge
of
them selfe
of
mouable
wyttes
and
gyuen
to
magical
artes
.
For
it
is
sayde
that
they
(
as
also
the
people
of
Laponia
)
doo
rayse
tempestes
on
the
sea
with
magical
inchauntmentes
,
Inchaunters
and
brynge
such
shippes
into
daungeour
as
they
int●●de
to
spoile
.
They
vse
lyttle
shyppes
made
of
lether
,
and
safe
ageynste
the
brusynge
of
the
sea
and
rockes
,
and
with
them
assayle
other
shippes
.
Peter
Martyr
of
Angletia
,
writeth
in
his
Decades
of
the
Spanisshe
nauigations
,
that
Sebastian
Cabote
sayling
from
Englande
continually
towarde
the
north
,
The
vyage
of
Sebastian
Cabote
to
the
frosen
sea
folowed
that
course
so
farre
that
he
chaunsed
vppon
greate
flakes
of
Ise
in
the
mooneth
of
Iuly
:
and
that
diuertynge
from
thense
,
he
folowed
the
coaste
by
the
shore
bendynge
towarde
the
South
vntyl
he
came
to
the
clime
of
the
Ilande
of
Hispaniola
aboue
Cuba
,
an
Iland
of
the
Canibales
.
Which
narration
hath
giuen
me
occasion
to
extende
Gronlande
beyonde
the
promontory
or
cape
of
Huitsarch
to
the
continente
or
firme
lande
of
Lapponia
aboue
the
castell
of
Wardhus
:
Gronlande
.
wardhus
.
which
thynge
I
did
the
rather
for
that
the
reuerende
Archebysshoppe
of
Nidrosia
,
constantely
affirmed
that
the
sea
bendethe
there
into
the
forme
of
a
crooked
elbowe
.
It
agreeth
herewith
also
,
that
the
Lapones
consent
with
them
in
the
lyke
magical
practises
and
doo
neyther
imbrase
the
Christian
religion
nor
refuse
it
:
wherby
I
haue
thowght
this
lykenesse
of
customes
to
bee
betwene
them
bycause
they
ioyne
togyther
in
one
continent
.
Lapponia
&
Gronlande
.
The
distance
lykewyse
,
seemeth
not
to
disagree
.
For
betwene
both
these
people
,
Schoeni
.
the
distance
is
not
full
twoo
hundreth
Sch●ni
,
euery
one
being
a
space
of
grounde
conteinyng
.lx.
furlonges
,
which
make
.vii.
myles
and
a
halfe
.
It
furthermore
agreeth
with
this
coniecture
that
Cabote
chaunsed
into
such
Ise.
And
albeit
as
touchynge
the
mooneth
of
Iuly
,
Cabote
tould
me
that
this
Ise
is
of
fresshe
water
,
and
not
of
the
sea
.
I
wyll
contend
it
is
not
well
rehersed
,
no
althowghe
he
had
sayled
vnder
the
pole
,
for
such
reasons
as
wee
haue
declared
before
to
the
contrary
,
neuerthelesse
,
that
at
sum
tyme
he
sayled
by
Ise
,
this
testifieth
in
that
he
sayled
not
by
the
mayne
sea
,
but
in
places
nere
vnto
the
lande
comprehendyng
and
imbrasyng
the
sea
in
forme
of
a
goulfe
,
A
commixtion
of
salt
water
and
fresshe
.
wheras
for
the
same
cause
,
the
goulfe
of
Gothland
is
frosen
bycause
it
is
streyght
&
narow
,
in
the
whiche
also
the
lyttle
quantitie
of
salt
water
is
ouercoome
by
the
abundance
of
fresshe
water
of
many
and
greate
ryuers
that
faule
into
the
goulfe
.
But
betwene
Norwaye
and
Islande
,
The
sea
betwene
Norway
and
Islande
.
the
sea
is
not
frosen
for
the
contrary
cause
,
forasmuch
as
the
poure
of
fresshe
water
is
there
ouercomme
of
th
abundance
of
the
salte
water
.
There
is
a
fame
(
but
of
vncerteyne
autoritie
)
that
the
Spanyardes
sayle
at
this
presente
to
Gronlande
,
and
to
an
other
lande
which
they
caule
Terra
viridis
,
Terra
Viridis
.
that
is
,
the
greene
lande
,
bringynge
from
thense
suche
wares
as
are
founde
in
Gronlande
.
Towarde
the
north
,
it
reacheth
to
the
vnknowen
lande
vnder
the
pole
,
from
whense
also
the
theues
and
robbers
of
th●
Pigmei
coomme
into
this
lande
.
Pigme
.
Whiche
is
an
argument
that
the
regions
vnder
the
pole
are
inhabited
and
almost
enuironed
with
the
sea
,
as
are
they
whiche
the
Cosmographers
caule
Chersonnesi
or
Peninsula
(
that
is
)
almost
Ilandes
.
☞
The
description
of
Gronlande
.
¶
The
description
of
the
East
syde
whiche
lyeth
towarde
Norway
.
Wardhus
castell
.
|
54.
|
|
70.
|
50.
|
Towarde
the
North
.
|
53.
|
30.
|
71.
|
30.
|
The
fyrst
extention
.
|
40.
|
|
71.
|
40.
|
The
seconde
extention
.
|
28.
|
|
72.
|
|
Huitsarch
.
promont
.
|
22.
|
|
67.
|
|
The
extention
.
|
5.
|
|
61.
|
45.
|
It
is
continued
from
thense
by
the
coastes
of
the
lande
of
Baccallaos
.
Baccalaos
.
356.
60.
Towarde
the
west
and
north
,
it
is
termined
with
an
vnknowen
ende
of
landes
and
seas
.
Islande
.
ISlande
is
interpreted
the
lande
of
Ise
,
and
is
cauled
of
the
owlde
wryters
T●yle
.
Island
cauled
Thyle
.
It
is
extended
betwene
the
south
and
the
north
almost
two
hundreth
schoenes
in
longitude
.
Schoeni
is
lx.
furlonges
.
It
is
for
the
most
part
full
of
mountaynes
and
vncultured
.
But
in
the
playnes
it
hath
suche
frutefull
pastures
,
that
they
are
fayne
sumtymes
to
dryue
the
beastes
from
th●ir
feedynge
least
they
shulde
bee
suffocate
with
to
much
fa●nes
.
Miracles
of
nature
in
Islande
.
This
Iland
is
famous
by
the
strange
miracles
of
natu●e
,
of
the
which
Saxo
Grammaticus
in
his
hystorie
of
Denmarke
,
and
Olanus
Gothus
in
his
description
of
the
n●r●h
landes
,
doo
make
mention
.
There
are
in
it
three
mountaynes
of
marueylous
height
the
toppes
where
of
are
couered
with
perpetuall
snowe
.
Three
maruelous
mountaynes
.
But
the
nether
partes
of
them
,
are
of
lyke
nature
to
the
mountayne
Etna
in
the
Ilande
of
Sicilie
boyling
with
continuall
flames
of
fyre
and
castynge
furth
brymstone
.
One
of
these
is
named
Helga
,
helgate
.
and
the
other
Mons
Cruci●
(
that
le
)
the
mounte
of
the
crosse
.
The
thyrde
is
named
Hecla
:
hecla
.
whose
flames
neyther
consume
flare
or
rowe
,
matters
moste
apte
to
take
syre
,
nor
yet
are
quenched
with
water
.
And
with
lyke
force
as
the
shotte
of
great
artillerie
is
driuen
furth
by
violence
of
fyre
,
euen
so
by
the
commixtion
and
repugnaunce
of
fyre
,
coulde
,
and
brymstome
,
greate
stones
are
here
throwne
into
the
ayer
.
Nere
vnto
these
mostraynes
are
three
chynkes
or
open
places
in
the
earthe
of
houge
byggenesse
and
suche
depth
(
e●pecially
at
the
mounte
Hecla
)
that
no
syght
can
attayne
therto
.
Straunge
vilions
.
But
to
such
as
looke
into
them
,
there
fyrst
appeare
men
as
thowgh
they
were
drowned
and
yet
breathyng
furth
theyr
sowles
:
who
beinge
exhorted
by
theyr
frendes
to
resorte
to
theyr
owne
,
they
aunswere
with
moornynge
voyce
and
greuous
syghes
,
that
they
must
departe
frome
thense
to
the
mount
Hecla
,
and
therwith
suddeynly
vanysshe
owte
of
syght
.
I
se
floweth
abowt
the
Ilande
for
the
space
of
seuen
or
eyght
moonethes
,
Ise.
makynge
by
runnynge
togyther
a
certeyne
miserable
waylinge
and
gronynge
noyse
not
vnlyke
the
voyce
of
man
.
Purgatory
.
Th
inhabitauntes
thynke
,
that
in
this
Ise
&
the
mounte
Hecla
,
A
straunge
thynge
.
are
the
places
where
the
euyll
soules
of
theyr
people
are
tormented
.
If
any
man
take
a
greate
portion
of
this
Ise
,
and
kepe
it
as
diligently
as
may
bee
in
a
close
vessell
or
cofer
,
the
same
dooth
so
vanysshe
at
the
tyme
when
the
other
I
se
abowt
the
Ilande
dissolueth
,
that
not
so
much
as
one
droppe
of
water
or
Ise
can
therof
bee
founde
.
Not
farre
from
these
mountaynes
reachynge
toward
the
sea
coastes
,
are
foure
sprynges
of
water
of
moste
diuers
and
contrary
nature
.
Four
springs
of
contrary
nature
.
The
fyrste
,
by
reason
of
his
perpetuall
and
feruente
heate
,
suddeynely
turneth
all
bodies
that
are
caste
therin
,
into
stones
,
reseruynge
neuerthelesse
theyr
fyrst
forme
and
shape
.
The
seconde
,
is
of
intollerable
couldenesse
.
The
thyrde
is
sweeter
then
hony
,
and
most
pleasaunte
to
quenche
thyrst
.
The
fourth
is
playne
poyson
,
pestilent
,
and
deadely
.
There
is
furthermore
in
these
sprynges
suche
abundaunce
of
brymstone
,
Abundaunce
of
brimstone
.
that
a
thousande
pounde
weight
therof
is
bought
for
lyttle
,
as
for
the
tenth
parte
of
a
ducate
.
Theyr
chiefe
wares
,
are
dryed
fysshe
,
Dryed
fysshe
as
soles
,
maydens
,
playces
,
salpas
stockefysshes
,
and
such
other
which
they
exchange
for
wheat
and
such
other
thynges
as
are
browght
thyther
from
Lubeck
Hamborowe
,
and
Amsterdam
.
For
they
haue
oftentymes
such
scarsenesse
of
corne
,
Scarsenes
of
corne
.
that
they
vse
dryed
fysshe
in
the
steade
of
breade
,
althowgh
in
soommer
the
Ilande
so
floryssheth
with
greene
and
frutefull
medowes
,
that
they
are
fayne
sumtimes
to
dryue
theyr
beastes
from
pasture
leaste
they
shulde
suffocate
for
to
much
fattenesse
,
as
I
haue
sayde
before
.
They
make
very
good
butter
,
and
apte
to
bee
vsed
in
matters
of
phisicke
.
There
are
founde
dyuers
kindes
of
good
haukes
,
haukes
.
as
faulcons
gerfalcons
,
lanners
,
and
sperhaukes
.
Also
rauens
,
crowes
,
beares
,
hares
,
and
foxes
,
both
whyte
and
blacke
.
white
rauens
.
They
haue
most
swyfte
horses
:
and
such
as
runne
.xxx.
myles
continually
withowt
rest
or
bayte
.
They
haue
manye
churches
:
and
houses
buylded
of
the
bones
of
whales
and
other
greate
fysshes
.
houses
of
whales
bones
.
The
nauigation
is
not
open
to
this
Ilande
but
in
sommer
season
:
and
that
only
for
the
space
of
foure
moonethes
,
The
nauigation
to
Island
by
reason
of
the
coulde
and
Ise
whereby
the
passage
is
stopped
.
If
any
stryfe
or
debate
aryse
on
the
sea
amonge
the
mariners
for
the
commoditie
of
the
hauen
,
the
gouernour
of
the
place
althowgh
he
haue
knowleage
therof
,
yet
dooth
he
not
punysshe
them
,
forasmuch
as
it
apperteyneth
not
to
his
office
to
decerne
such
thynges
as
are
doonne
on
the
sea
,
but
only
on
the
lande
.
Shippes
are
there
often
tymes
in
great
perell
by
reason
of
whales
and
such
other
monsters
of
the
sea
,
whales
.
excepte
the
mariners
take
good
heede
and
keepe
them
farre
frome
the
shyppes
with
the
noyse
of
droommes
,
and
emptie
barrels
cast
into
the
sea
.
There
are
many
mynstrels
and
other
that
play
on
instrumentes
,
with
the
sweete
noyse
whereof
,
they
vse
to
allure
foules
and
fisshes
to
theyr
nettes
and
snares
.
One
thynge
seruyng
for
contrary
vses
Many
also
,
lye
lurkynge
in
caues
and
dennes
to
auoyde
the
sharpenesse
of
coulde
,
as
the
Affricanes
doo
the
lyke
to
defend
them selues
from
the
heate
.
On
the
toppe
of
a
certeyne
mountayne
cauled
Weyszarch
,
(
lyinge
betwene
Islande
and
Gruntland
or
Gronlande
)
is
erected
a
shypmans
quadrant
of
marueilous
byggenesse
,
A
shipmans
quadran●
.
made
by
two
pirates
named
Pinnigt
&
Pothorst
in
fauour
of
such
as
sayle
by
those
coastes
that
they
may
therby
auoyde
the
daungerous
places
lyinge
towarde
Gronland
.
The
myddest
of
the
Ilande
.
|
7
|
0
|
65
|
30.
|
The
citie
Harsol
.
&c.
|
7
|
40
|
60
|
42.
|
Laponia
.
THe
region
of
Laponia
;
was
so
named
of
the
people
that
inhab●te
it
.
For
the
Germayns
,
caule
all
suche
Lapones
,
as
are
simple
or
vnapte
to
thynges
.
This
people
is
of
smaule
stature
,
and
of
such
agilitie
of
bodie
,
that
hauynge
theyr
quyuers
of
arrowes
gerte
to
them
&
theyr
bowes
in
theyr
handes
,
People
of
great
agilitie
.
they
can
with
a
leape
,
caste
th●ym
selues
throwgh
a
circle
or
hope
of
the
diameter
of
a
cubite
.
They
seyght
on
foote
,
armed
with
bowes
and
arrowes
and
after
the
maner
of
the
Tartars
.
They
are
exercised
in
hurlynge
the
darte
and
shootynge
from
theyr
youth
:
in
so
muche
that
they
giue
theyr
chyldren
no
meate
vntyll
they
hit
the
marke
they
shoote
at
,
as
dyd
in
owlde
tyme
th
inhabitauntes
of
the
Ilandes
cauled
Bal●ares
.
They
vse
to
make
theyr
apparell
streight
and
close
to
theyr
boddies
that
it
hynder
not
theyr
woorke
.
A
straunge
apparell
.
Theyr
winter
vestures
are
made
of
the
hole
skinnes
of
seales
or
beares
artificially
wrought
&
made
supple
.
These
they
tye
with
a
knotte
aboue
theyr
heades
,
leauynge
onely
two
holes
open
to
looke
through
,
and
haue
all
the
residue
of
theyr
bodies
couered
as
thoughe
they
were
sowed
in
sackes
,
but
that
this
beinge
adapted
to
all
partes
of
theyr
bodies
,
is
so
made
for
commoditie
and
not
for
a
punisshement
as
the
Romans
were
accustomed
to
sowe
paricides
in
sackes
of
lether
with
a
cocke
,
The
cau●e
of
an
owlde
erroure
.
an
ape
,
and
a
serpent
,
and
so
to
hurle
them
alyue
all
togither
into
the
ryuer
of
Tyber
.
And
hereby
I
thinke
it
came
to
passe
that
in
owlde
tyme
it
was
rasshely
beleued
that
in
these
regions
there
were
men
with
rowgh
&
hery
bodies
wilde
beastes
,
as
parte
made
relation
throwghe
ignoraunce
,
parte
also
takynge
pleasure
in
rehearsall
of
suche
thynges
as
are
straunge
to
the
hearers
.
The
Lapones
defended
by
this
arte
and
industry
,
go
abrode
and
withstande
the
sharpenes
of
wynter
and
the
north
wyndes
,
with
all
the
iniuries
of
heauen
.
They
haue
no
houses
,
but
certeyne
tabernacles
like
tentes
or
hales
wherwith
they
pa●se
from
place
to
place
&
change
theyr
mansions
.
So
doo
the
Tartars
.
Sum
of
them
liu●
after
the
maner
of
the
people
of
Sarmaria
cauled
in
owlde
tyme
Amaxobii
,
which
vsed
waynes
in
the
steade
of
houses
.
They
are
much
gyuen
to
huntynge
:
and
haue
such
plentie
of
wylde
beastes
that
they
kyll
them
in
maner
in
euery
place
.
Plentie
of
wyld
beastes
It
is
not
lawfull
for
a
woman
to
go
furth
of
the
tente
at
that
doore
by
the
whiche
her
husbande
wente
owte
on
huntynge
the
same
daye
:
nor
yet
to
touche
with
her
hande
any
part
of
the
beaste
that
is
taken
vntyll
her
husbande
reache
her
on
the
spitte
suche
a
portion
of
flesshe
as
he
thinketh
good
.
They
tyll
not
the
grounde
.
The
region
nuryssheth
no
kynde
of
serpentes
:
No
serpents
.
yet
are
there
greate
and
noysoome
gnattes
.
Great
gnats
,
They
take
fysshe
in
greate
plentie●
by
the
commoditie
wherof
,
they
lyue
after
the
maner
of
the
Ethiopians
cauled
Ichthiophagi
.
For
as
these
drie
theyr
fisshe
with
feruent
heate
,
so
doo
they
drye
them
with
coulde
,
and
grynde
or
stampe
them
to
pouder
as
smaule
as
meale
or
floure
They
haue
such
abundaunce
of
these
fysshes
,
Abun●aunce
of
fysshe
.
that
they
h●ued
great
plentie
therof
in
certeyne
store
houses
to
cary
them
vnto
other
landes
nere
abowt
them
,
as
Northbothnia
&
whyte
Russia
.
Theyr
shyppes
are
not
made
with
nayles
,
but
are
tide
togyther
and
made
fast
with
cordes
and
wyththes
.
Ships
withowt
nayles
.
With
these
they
sayle
by
the
swyft
ryuers
betwene
the
mountaines
of
Laponia
,
beinge
naked
in
sommer
that
they
may
the
better
swymme
in
the
tyme
of
perell
,
and
gather
together
such
wares
as
are
in
daunger
to
bee
lost
by
shipwracke
.
Part
of
them
crereise
handiecraftes
,
as
imbrotherynge
and
weauynge
of
cloth
interlaced
with
golde
and
syluer
.
Science
honoured
.
Suche
as
haue
diuised
any
necessary
arte
,
or
doo
increase
and
amende
th
inuentions
of
other
,
are
openlye
honoured
,
and
rewarded
with
a
vesture
,
in
the
which
is
imbrothered
an
argument
or
token
of
the
thynge
they
deuised
.
And
this
remayneth
to
the
posteritie
of
theyr
famelie
in
token
of
theyr
desertes
.
They
frame
shippes
,
buylde
houses
,
and
make
diuers
sortes
of
housholde
stuffe
artificially
,
and
transporte
them
to
other
places
neare
abowte
.
They
bye
and
sell
bothe
for
exchaunge
of
wares
and
for
mon●y
.
Bargeinynge
withowt
woordes
.
And
this
only
by
consent
of
both
parties
withowt
communicacion
:
yet
not
for
lacke
of
wytte
or
for
rudenesse
of
maners
,
but
bycause
they
haue
a
peculiar
language
vnknowen
to
theyr
bortherers
.
It
is
a
valiant
nation
,
and
lyued
longe
free
,
and
susteyned
the
warres
of
Norwaye
and
Suecia
vntyll
at
the
length
they
submitted
them selues
,
and
payde
ryche
furres
for
theyr
tribute
.
They
chose
them selues
a
gouernour
whom
they
caule
a
kynge
:
But
the
kyng
of
Suetia
gyueth
hym
autoritie
and
administration
.
Neuerthelesse
,
the
people
in
theyr
sutes
and
doubtfull
causes
,
resorte
to
Suecia
to
haue
theyr
matters
decised
.
In
theyr
iorneys
,
they
go
not
to
any
Inne
,
nor
yet
enter
into
any
house
,
but
lye
all
nyght
vnder
the
firmament
.
They
haue
no
horses
:
No
horses
.
but
in
the
s●eade
of
them
,
they
tame
certeyne
wyld
beastes
which
they
caule
Keen
,
beinge
of
the
iuste
byggenesse
of
a
mule
,
A
beast
of
marueylous
strength
and
swyftnesse
.
wi●lyrowgh
heare
lyke
an
Asse
,
clouen
feete
,
and
bra●nthed
hor●es
lyke
a
harte
,
but
lower
and
with
fewer
antlettes
.
They
wyll
not
abyde
to
bee
rydden
.
But
when
theyr
pestrels
or
drawynge
collers
are
put
on
them
,
and
they
so
ioyned
to
the
chariotre
or
sleade
,
they
runne
in
the
space
of
.xxiiii.
h●●res
,
a
hundreth
and
fiftie
myles
,
or
.xxx.
sch●nos
:
shat
Schoenus
is
loke
〈◊〉
Gronland
.
The
whiche
spare
they
affirme
to
chaunge
the
horizon
thryse
:
The
change
of
the
horizon
.
that
is
theyse
to
coome
to
the
furthest
signe
or
marke
that
they
see
a
farre
of
.
Which
doubtlesse
is
a
token
both
of
the
marueylous
swiftnesse
and
great
strength
of
these
beastes
beinge
able
to
continewe
runnynge
for
so
great
a
space
,
in
the
meane
whyle
also
spendynge
sumtyme
in
feedynge
.
I
suppose
that
this
thynge
was
sumewhat
knowen
to
the
owlde
wryters
,
although
receaued
in
maner
by
an
obscure
and
doubtful
fame
.
For
they
also
wryte
that
certeyne
Scythians
doo
ryde
on
hartes
.
The
owld
autours
cauled
all
the
north
people
Scythyans
.
They
neyther
folowe
the
Christian
religion
,
nor
yet
refuse
it
or
are
offended
therwith
as
are
the
Iuwes
:
but
do
sum
tymes
receaue
it
fauorably
to
gratifie
the
princes
to
whome
theym
obey
.
Erasmus
lamenteth
this
in
his
fyrste
booke
de
ratine
concionandi
,
where
he
speaketh
of
the
people
.
cauled
pilap●●
And
that
no
more
of
theym
imbrase
the
Christian
fayth
,
the
faute
is
sumwhat
to
bee
imputed
to
the
by
shoppes
and
prelates
that
haue
eyther
reiected
this
cure
and
charge
of
instructynge
the
nation
,
or
su●fered
the
faith
of
Christ
to
be
suffocate
euen
in
the
fyrst
sprynge
.
For
vnder
the
pretense
of
religion
,
they
woulde
haue
aduaunced
theyr
owne
reuenues
and
ouerburthened
the
people
by
an
intollerable
exemple
,
none
otherwyse
here
then
in
all
Christendome
,
which
thynge
is
doubtlesse
the
cause
of
moste
greuons
defections
.
I
harde
Iohn
a
bysshoppe
of
Gothlande
say
thus
:
We
that
gouerne
the
churche
of
Up●alia
,
and
haue
vnder
owre
dioce●se
a
great
parte
of
that
nation
,
lyke
as
it
is
not
conueniente
to
declare
many
thynges
of
owre
vigilance
and
attendaunce
ouer
the
flocke
committed
to
owre
charge
,
euen
so
absteynynge
frome
myscheuous
couetousnesse
wherby
religion
is
abused
for
luker
,
we
doo
in
all
places
owre
diligent
endeuour
that
we
minister
none
occasion
whereby
this
nation
as
o●fended
by
owre
●innes
,
maye
bee
the
lesse
wyllynge
to
embrase
the
Christian
●ayth
.
This
is
the
state
of
the
religion
amonge
the
Lapones
:
Althowgh
of
theyr
owne
institution
and
custome
receaued
of
theyr
predicessours
,
they
are
Idolatours
,
Idolatrie
.
honourynge
that
lyuynge
thynge
that
they
meete
fyrst
in
the
mornynge
,
for
the
god
of
that
daye
,
and
diuinynge
thereby
theyr
good
lucke
or
euyll
.
They
also
erecte
images
of
stone
vpon
the
mountaines
which
they
esteeme
as
goddes
,
attributing
to
them
diuine
honour
.
They
solemne
mariages
,
and
begynne
the
same
with
fyre
and
flynte
,
A
misterie
of
mariage
in
fyre
&
f●int
.
as
with
a
mysterie
so
aptely
applyed
to
the
image
of
stone
as
if
it
had
byn
receaued
frome
the
mydde●●e
of
Grecia
.
For
in
that
they
adhibite
a
mysterie
of
fyre
,
as
they
doo
not
this
alone
(
forasmuche
as
the
Romanes
obserued
the
same
custome
)
euen
so
are
they
herein
partly
to
be
commended
in
that
they
vse
the
ceremonies
of
so
noble
a
people
.
The
mysterie
of
the
flinte
is
no
lesse
to
bee
praysed
,
both
forasmuche
as
this
is
domesticall
philosophie
,
and
hath
also
a
nere
affinitie
and
signification
to
these
sonemnities
.
For
as
the
flynt
hath
in
it
fyre
lyinge
hydde
whiche
appeareth
not
but
by
mouynge
and
force
,
so
is
there
a
secreate
lyfe
in
both
kyndes
of
man
and
woman
whiche
by
mutuall
coniunction
coommethe
furth
to
a
lyuynge
byrth
.
They
are
furthermore
experte
inchaunters
.
Experte
inchauncers
.
They
tye
three
knottes
on
a
strynge
hangynge
at
a
whippe
.
When
they
lose
one
of
these
,
they
rayse
tollerable
wyndes
,
When
they
lose
an
other
,
the
wynde
is
more
vehement
.
But
by
losyng
the
thyrde
,
they
rayse
playne
tempestes
as
in
owlde
tyme
they
were
accustomed
to
rayse
thunder
and
lyghtnynge
.
This
arte
doo
they
vse
ageinst
such
as
sayle
by
theyr
coastes
,
and
staye
or
moue
the
ryuers
and
seas
more
or
lesse
as
they
lyst
to
shewe
fauoure
or
displeasure
.
They
make
also
of
leade
certeyne
shorte
magicall
dartes
of
the
quantitie
and
length
of
a
fynger
.
Magical
dartes
.
These
they
throwe
ageynste
suche
of
whome
they
desyre
to
bee
reuenged
,
The
canker
.
to
places
neuer
so
farre
distant
.
They
are
sumtimes
so
vexed
with
the
canker
on
their
armes
or
legges
that
in
the
space
of
three
dayes
they
dye
throwgh
the
vehemencie
of
the
payne
.
The
sonne
fauleth
very
lowe
in
these
regions
:
and
prolongeth
one
continuall
nyghte
for
the
space
of
thre
moonethes
in
wynter
,
One
nyght
of
three
moonethes
.
durynge
whiche
tyme
they
haue
none
other
lyght
but
lyke
vnto
the
twylyght
of
euenynges
and
mornynges
.
This
is
very
cleare
,
but
continueth
but
fewe
honres
,
and
is
lyke
the
bryght
shynynge
of
the
moone
.
Therfore
that
day
that
the
sonne
returneth
to
the
hemispherie
,
they
keepe
holy
day
and
make
great
myrth
with
solemne
festiuitie
.
And
these
are
the
maners
of
this
nation
,
not
so
brutysshe
or
saluage
as
woorthy
therfore
to
bee
cauled
Lapones
for
theyr
vnaptnesse
or
simplicitie
as
when
they
lyned
vnder
theyr
owne
Empire
and
vsed
no
familiaritie
or
entercourse
with
other
nations
and
knewe
not
the
commoditie
of
theyr
owne
thynges
,
Rich
furres
.
neyther
the
pryce
and
estimation
of
theyr
furres
in
owre
regions
,
by
reason
whereof
they
soulde
great
plentie
of
them
for
sum
of
owre
wares
of
smaule
v●lue
.
The
houndes
or
limittes
of
Laponia
(
beinge
th
extreme
lande
of
Scondia
knowen
towarde
the
north
pole
)
are
extended
towarde
this
parte
of
the
North
,
to
the
worlde
yet
vnknowen
to
vs
:
And
furthermore
towarde
the
same
parte
of
the
vttermost
sea
,
accordynge
to
this
description
.
The
fyrst
coaste
,
|
70
|
72.
|
The
coaste
folowynge
.
|
80
|
7.
|
That
that
yet
foloweth
,
|
90
|
70.
|
From
the
fysshynge
places
and
store
houses
of
this
sea
,
Plentie
of
sea
fysshe
.
they
cary
foorth
to
Nordbothnia
and
whyte
Russia
,
landes
confinynge
to
them
,
great
plentie
of
fysshe
.
Wherby
we
may
coniecture
that
this
sea
is
extended
on
euery
syde
toward
the
North
.
Towarde
the
weste
,
it
is
limitted
with
the
moste
inwarde
goulfe
of
at
the
Castell
of
Wardhus
at
the
degree
.
wardhus
.
54
70
30.
Towarde
the
Southe
,
it
is
lymitted
by
a
line
drawen
from
thense
vnto
the
degree
.90
69.
Norwegia
or
Norway
.
NOrdway
,
is
as
muche
to
say
as
the
Northwaye
.
This
was
sumtyme
a
florysshynge
kyngedome
,
whose
dominion
comprehended
Denmarke
,
Friselande
and
the
Ilandes
farre
abowt
,
vntyll
the
domestical
E●pire
wa●
gouerned
by
the
succession
of
inheritaunce
.
In
the
meane
tyme
while
this
gou●rnaunce
ceased
for
lacke
of
dewe
issue
,
it
was
instituted
by
consent
of
the
nobilitie
that
the
kynges
shuld
be
admitted
by
election
:
supposinge
that
they
wolde
with
more
equitie
execute
that
office
forasmuche
as
they
were
placed
in
the
same
by
such
autoritie
,
and
not
by
obteynynge
the
kyngedome
by
fortune
and
newe
aduauncement
.
But
it
came
so
to
passe
,
that
as
euery
of
them
excelled
in
richesse
,
ambition
and
fauour
by
consangiuitie
,
so
were
they
in
greater
hope
to
obteyne
the
kyngedome
:
And
were
by
this
meanes
diuided
into
factions
,
kyngdomes
destroyd
by
factions
.
attemtyng
also
occasions
t
inuade
foraigne
realmes
wherby
they
might
strengthen
theyr
parties
.
It
is
therefore
at
this
present
vnder
the
dominion
of
the
Danes
:
The
Dane●
who
doo
not
only
exact
intollerable
tributes
,
but
also
brynge
all
theyr
ryches
and
commodities
into
Denmarke
,
constitutynge
the
continuance
of
theyr
gouernaunce
in
th
infirmitie
and
pouertie
of
the
subiectes
:
which
exemple
,
sum
other
princes
doo
folowe
at
this
day
in
the
Christian
Empire
.
For
after
that
the
princes
had
forsaken
suche
vertues
as
shulde
haue
shyned
in
them
,
as
to
bee
Patres
patriae
(
that
is
)
the
fathers
of
theyr
countreys
,
and
that
in
the
place
hereof
,
onely
the
proude
countenaunce
of
dominion
remayned
,
which
opened
licentiousnesse
to
thiniuxie
of
the
subiectes
,
this
folowed
therof
,
that
wheras
the
Danes
by
this
occasion
had
no
further
trust
or
ayde
in
the
loue
of
the
people
,
An
exemple
of
tyranni
.
they
prouided
for
th
indempnitie
of
theyr
owne
est●te
by
forcible
extenuatinge
the
gooddes
and
poure
of
them
whom
they
desired
to
kepe
in
subi●ction
.
This
is
the
fortune
of
Norway
,
whose
edefies
,
townes
,
and
cities
cannot
defende
theyr
auncient
amplitude
and
dignitie
:
neyther
is
there
any
hope
of
repayrynge
theyr
state
.
For
there
are
no
consultations
admitted
for
the
redresse
of
the
common
welth
:
No
man
dare
shewe
his
aduice
or
attempte
any
thing
,
vncerteyne
of
the
myndes
and
consent
of
other
.
To
this
difficultie
,
is
added
the
qualitie
of
the
place
.
For
the
Danes
haue
in
theyr
poure
all
the
nauigations
of
Norway
,
whereby
it
may
exercise
no
trade
by
sea
,
neyther
cary
furthe
wares
to
other
places
.
So
that
in
fine
it
may
seeme
most
vnfortunate
,
The
myser●ble
state
of
Norway
.
as
lackynge
the
fauoure
of
heauen
,
the
sea
,
and
the
lande
.
From
hen●e
is
brought
into
all
Europe
a
fysske
of
the
kindes
of
them
whiche
wee
caule
haddockes
or
hakes
indurate
and
dryed
with
coulde
,
and
beaten
with
clubbes
or
stockes
,
by
reason
whereof
the
Germayns
caule
them
stockefysshe
.
Stockfysse
.
The
tak●nge
of
these
,
is
most
commended
in
Ianuarie
that
they
may
bee
sufficiently
dryed
and
hardened
with
coulde
.
For
such
as
are
taken
in
the
more
temperate
monethes
,
doo
corrupte
and
putrifie
:
And
are
not
meete
to
bee
caried
furth
.
The
description
of
the
west
coaste
,
with
the
parte
thereof
lyinge
most
towarde
the
north
.
Wardhus
(
that
is
)
the
watche
house
,
or
watche
towre
.54
70
30.
It
is
a
stronge
castell
or
fortresse
appoynted
to
the
Lapones
.
The
coaste
folowynge
,
48
50
70.
Matthkur
.
&c.
All
the
coast
from
hense
,
and
the
places
neare
abowt
vnto
the
degree
.45
69.
beinge
sumtyme
lefte
desolate
by
the
seditions
and
destruction
of
Norway
,
the
Lapones
chose
for
theyr
habitations
,
The
Lapone●
.
as
commynge
to
a
more
beneficiall
heauen
.
From
the
Castel
of
Wardhus
,
vnto
the
degree
.40
30
64
10
all
the
coaste
in
the
sprynge
tyme
is
daungerous
to
passe
,
by
reason
of
whales
of
such
huge
byggenesse
that
sum
of
theym
growe
to
a
hundreth
cubites
.
Shippes
in
daung●our
by
reason
of
whales
.
For
these
fysshes
at
that
tyme
of
the
yeare
resort
togyther
for
generation
.
Such
shyppes
as
chaunce
to
faule
eyther
vppon
theyr
bodies
,
or
into
suche
whyrlepooles
as
they
make
by
theyr
vehemen●
motions
,
are
in
great
perell
.
The
remedie
to
auoyde
this
daungiour
,
is
to
poure
into
the
sea
Castoreum
(
that
is
)
oyle
made
of
the
stones
of
the
beaste
cauled
the
Beuer
,
Castoreum
.
mengeled
with
water
.
For
with
this
,
the
hole
hearde
of
whales
vanyssheth
suddeynely
to
the
bottome
of
the
sea
:
They
make
a
terrible
rorynge
:
The
rorynge
of
whales
.
and
haue
two
breathynge
places
in
the
hyghest
parte
of
theyr
forheades
,
standynge
furth
right
a
cubite
in
length
,
and
are
as
brode
at
the
endes
,
beinge
couered
with
a
skynne
,
throughe
the
which
they
blow
waters
lyke
showers
or
stormes
of
raine
.
The
prickes
of
theyr
backes
,
are
founde
conteynynge
three
els
in
circuite
,
whales
salted
and
reserued
.
and
euery
knotte
betwene
theym
,
of
one
elle
.
They
are
at
the
least
of
.lx.
cubites
in
length
:
And
are
salted
and
kept
in
store
houses
.
The
greatest
are
vnprofitable
to
bee
eaten
by
reason
of
theyr
ranke
and
vnsauery
taste
which
can
not
bee
qualified
.
Nidrosia
standing
vpon
the
south
syde
of
the
sea
banke
,
The
citie
of
Nidrosia
.
was
the
chiefe
citie
and
metropolitane
churche
throwgh
owt
all
Norway
,
Iselande
,
Gronlande
,
and
the
Ilandes
there
abowt
.
This
citie
was
noble
at
the
fyrst
vnder
the
●lorysshing
Empire
of
Norway
,
conteinynge
in
circuite
.xxiiii.
parysshes
,
but
it
is
nowe
browght
in
maner
to
a
village
and
is
cauled
in
the
Germayne
toonge
Truthaim
,
as
the
house
of
the
Dryides
.
There
remayneth
at
this
daye
a
Cathedrall
churche
in
token
of
the
ancient
felicitie
,
A
magnificall
churche
.
beinge
suche
that
in
byggenesse
&
workemanship
of
wrought
stone
,
the
lyke
is
not
in
all
Christendome
.
The
greeses
or
compasse
abowt
the
altare
,
was
destroyde
by
fyre
,
and
was
repared
at
the
same
tyme
that
wee
write
this
historie
.
The
charge
of
the
reparasion
,
was
esteemed
to
bee
seuen
thousande
crownes
:
by
which
smaule
portion
,
an
estimate
maye
bee
made
of
the
excellencie
of
the
hole
Churche
.
The
tracte
of
all
the
sea
coastes
Norwaye
,
is
very
quyete
and
meeke
.
The
sea
is
not
frosen
.
The
snowes
indure
not
longe
.
This
lande
hath
also
a
peculiar
pestilence
which
they
caule
Leem
or
Lemmer
.
This
is
a
lyttle
foure
footed
beaste
abowte
the
byggenesse
of
a
ra●te
with
a
spotted
skynne
.
Noysome
beastes
of
vnknowen
generation
.
These
faule
vppon
the
grounde
at
certeyne
tempestes
and
suddeyne
showers
,
not
yet
knowen
from
whense
they
comme
,
as
whyther
they
are
browght
by
the
wyndes
from
remote
Ilandes
,
or
otherwise
engendered
of
thicke
and
feculent
clowdes
.
But
this
is
well
knowen
,
that
as
soone
as
they
faule
downe
,
greene
grasse
and
herbes
are
founde
in
theyr
bowels
not
yet
digested
.
They
confume
all
greene
thynges
as
doo
locustes
:
And
such
as
they
only
byte
,
wyther
and
dye
.
This
pestilence
lyueth
as
longe
as
it
dooth
not
taste
of
the
grasse
newelye
sproonge
.
They
coome
togyther
by
flockes
as
do
swalowes
:
And
at
an
ordinarie
tyme
,
eyther
dye
by
heapes
with
great
infection
of
the
lande
(
as
by
whose
corruption
the
ayer
is
made
pestiferous
and
molesteth
the
Noruegians
with
swymmynge
in
the
headde
and
the
iaundies
)
or
are
consumed
of
other
beastes
named
Lefrat
.
Towarde
the
East
,
it
is
included
with
in
the
l●ne
that
is
drawen
by
the
mountaynes
whose
endes
or
vttermost
boundes
they
are
that
lye
towarde
the
south
aboue
the
mouthes
of
the
ryuer
Trolhetta
.
But
that
par●e
that
lyeth
towarde
the
north
,
passeth
by
the
castel
of
Wardhus
,
wardhus
.
and
is
extended
to
the
vnknowen
lande
of
the
Lapones
.
The
vnknowen
lande
of
the
Lapon●s
.
The
lake
cauled
Mos
,
and
the
Ilande
of
Hossuen
in
the
myddest
therof
,
is
in
the
degree
.45
30
61.
In
this
lake
appeareth
a
straunge
monster
:
which
is
,
a
●erpent
of
houge
byggenesse
.
A
●erpent
of
houge
biggenesse
.
And
as
to
all
other
places
of
the
worlde
,
blasynge
starres
doo
portende
th
alteration
and
chaunge
of
thynges
,
so
dooth
this
to
Norway
.
It
was
see●e
of
late
(
in
the
yeare
of
Christ
:
M.
D.
xxii
.
apperynge
farre
●boue
the
water
rowlynge
lyke
a
greate
pyller
:
And
was
by
coniecture
farre
of
,
esteemed
to
bee
of
fiftie
cubites
in
length
.
Shortely
after
folowed
the
reiectynge
of
Christiernus
kynge
of
Denmarke
.
God
warneth
vs
by
signes
of
thynges
to
coome
.
Suche
other
monstrous
thynges
are
sayde
to
bee
seene
in
dyuers
places
of
the
worlde
.
And
doubtlesse
excepte
wee
shulde
thinke
that
the
diuine
prouidence
hauynge
mercie
vpon
mortall
men
,
and
hereby
warnynge
them
of
their
offences
,
dooth
sende
suche
straunge
thynges
(
as
also
blasing
starres
and
armies
feyghtynge
in
the
ayer
,
with
suche
other
portentous
monsters
wherof
no
causes
can
bee
founde
by
naturall
thynges
)
we
might
els
suspecte
that
such
syghtes
were
but
imaginations
of
the
sence
of
man
deceaued
.
On
the
East
side
,
are
exceading
rowgh
montaynes
which
admit
no
passage
to
Suecia
.
The
sea
betwene
Norway
&
the
Ilandes
,
is
cauled
Tialleslund
,
Euripus
,
or
the
streightes
.
The
Ilande
of
Lofoth
.
whose
myddest
.42
67
10.
Langanas
,
whose
myddest
,
41
67
Uastral
,
The
streightes
or
boyling
sea
.
whose
myddest
.41
30
67
30.
The
sea
betwene
these
three
Ilandes
,
is
cauled
Muscostrom
(
that
is
)
boylynge
.
At
the
flowynge
of
the
sea
,
it
is
swalowed
into
the
caues
,
and
is
blowne
owt
ageyne
at
the
reflowynge
,
with
no
lesse
violence
then
the
streames
of
ryuers
faule
from
mountaynes
.
This
sea
is
nauigable
vntyll
it
bee
lower
then
the
mouthes
of
the
rockes
.
Such
as
chaunce
into
it
owt
of
dewe
tyme
,
are
caried
headlonge
into
whyrlepooles
The
fragmentes
of
the
lost
ships
,
are
seldome
call
vp
ageyne
.
But
when
they
are
caste
vp
,
they
are
so
brused
and
freted
ageynste
the
rockes
,
Dangerous
places
in
the
sea
.
that
they
seeme
to
bee
ouergrowne
with
hore
.
This
is
the
poure
of
nature
,
passyng
the
fabulous
Simplegades
and
the
fearefull
Malea
,
with
the
daungerous
places
of
Silla
and
Caribdis
,
and
all
other
miracles
that
nature
hath
wrought
in
any
other
sea
hytherto
knowen
to
man
.
The
Ilandes
abowt
Norway
,
are
of
such
frutfull
pasture
,
Frutfull
Ilandes
about
Norway
.
that
they
brynge
not
theyr
beastes
into
the
stables
before
the
moneth
of
Nouember
:
And
do
many
places
winter
than
abrode
.
Suecia
,
or
Suethlande
.
¶
Suecia
,
is
a
kyngedome
ryche
in
golde
,
syluer
,
Golde
and
syluer
.
copper
,
leade
,
Iren
,
fruyte
,
cattayle
,
and
exceadynge
increase
of
fysshe
of
the
ryuers
,
lakes
,
and
the
sea
.
And
hath
no
lesse
plentie
of
such
wylde
beastes
as
are
taken
with
huntinge
.
Towarde
the
West
,
it
is
ended
with
the
mountaynes
of
Norway
from
the
Castel
of
Wardhus
vnto
th
end
.
wardhus
castell
.
51
63
40
Towarde
the
South
,
with
the
line
from
this
ende
vnto
the
degrees
.53
.
30.
61.
And
frome
thense
vnto
the
degrees
.61
.
60.
30.
Aboue
the
goulfe
of
Suecia
,
The
goulfe
of
Suecia
.
toward
the
north
,
with
the
south
ende
of
Lapponia
from
the
castel
of
Wardhus
vnto
th
ende
.62
.
70.
Towarde
the
Easte
,
it
is
ended
with
the
line
frome
this
ende
vnto
the
degree
.63
.
69.
&c.
Stokholme
the
chiefe
citie
.
The
citie
of
Stockholme
.
64.
61.
This
is
the
chiefe
mart
towne
of
Suecia
,
and
is
strongely
defended
by
arte
and
nature
.
It
is
situate
in
marisshes
after
the
maner
of
Uenece
:
and
was
therefore
cauled
Stokholme
,
forasmuche
as
beinge
placed
in
the
water
,
the
fundation
is
fortified
with
stockes
or
piles
.
The
sea
entereth
into
it
with
two
armes
or
branches
of
such
largenes
and
depth
that
ships
of
great
burden
and
with
mayne
sayles
may
enter
by
the
same
with
theyr
full
fraight
.
This
suffered
of
late
yeares
greuous
spoyle
&
destruction
to
the
singular
exemple
of
cruel
hostilitie
:
And
such
,
as
the
like
hath
not
bin
lightly
shewed
to
any
other
citie
receaued
by
league
&
composition
.
In
al
the
tract
from
Scokholme
to
the
lake
aboue
the
riuer
of
Dalekarle
,
which
is
in
the
degree
.
Gold
in
could
reg●ons
.
56.
30.
63.
50.
are
mountaines
frutful
of
good
siluer
,
copper
,
and
leade
.
They
gette
great
ryches
by
the
salmons
and
plentie
of
other
fysshes
whiche
they
take
in
certeyne
greate
lakes
.
Fysshe
.
The
dukedome
of
Agermannia
,
occupieth
the
north
syde
to
the
consines
of
Laponia
.
This
tract
is
ful
of
wods
in
the
w●iche
they
hunt
the
beastes
cauled
Uros
or
Bisontes
,
which
in
theyr
toonge
they
caule
Elg
,
The
beaste
cauled
Uro●
or
Elg.
(
that
is
)
wilde
asses
.
These
are
of
such
height
,
that
the
highest
part
of
their
backes
are
equal
with
the
measure
of
a
man
holdynge
vp
his
armes
as
hyghe
as
he
may
reach
.
&c.
Upsalia
the
chiefe
citie
.
Upsalia
.
62.
62.
30.
here
is
buried
the
body
of
saynt
Hericus
kynge
and
martyr
.
Copperdalia
(
that
is
)
the
copper
valley
,
Copperdali●
.
is
a
dukedome
southwarde
from
the
dukedome
of
Iemptia
.
Under
this
,
is
the
valient
nation
of
the
people
cauled
Dalekarly
.
Oplandia
,
is
a
dukedome
&
the
nauil
or
middest
of
Scondia
.
Oplandia
,
The
citie
of
Pircho
,
on
the
north
syde
of
the
lake
of
Meler
,
was
once
a
great
citie
and
able
to
arme
.xiiii.
thousande
men
to
the
warres
:
but
is
nowe
browght
to
a
vyllage
.
All
the
tracte
of
Oplandia
,
hath
mynes
of
syluer
,
copper
,
and
steele
.
Of
the
Ilandes
and
rockes
that
lye
abowte
Suecia
,
the
myddest
is
.67
30
61
30.
These
were
cauled
of
the
owlde
wryters
Done
,
the
reason
of
which
name
remayneth
to
this
day
.
For
there
are
in
these
innumerable
multitudes
of
byrdes
:
Byrdes
.
In
so
muche
that
th
inhabitauntes
of
the
nexte
coaste
,
sayle
thyther
in
the
mooneth
of
May
whyle
the
byrdes
syt
on
theyr
egges
:
which
they
steale
and
reserue
them
in
salte
for
a
longe
tyme
.
Egges
reserued
in
salte
.
Bothnia
.
BOthnia
is
so
named
of
the
precious
furres
of
all
sortes
that
are
caried
from
thense
into
foraigne
regions
.
Precious
furres
.
For
by
these
and
theyr
fysshynge
,
they
haue
great
commoditie
.
Fysshe
.
Salmons
of
the
best
sort
are
taken
in
these
seas
and
are
great
ryches
amonge
these
nations
.
Bothnia
is
diuided
into
twoo
partes
,
as
Nordbothnia
,
and
South
Bothnia
,
cauled
Ostrobothnia
.
Nordbothnia
,
is
termined
with
the
south
ende
of
the
Lapones
vnto
the
ende
.78
30
69.
Towarde
the
East
,
it
is
termined
with
this
end
and
vnto
the
degree
.78
30
68
20.
Towarde
the
West
,
with
the
line
terminynge
the
East
syde
of
Suecia
:
And
towarde
the
Southe
,
with
the
residue
of
the
goulfe
of
Suecia
from
th
ende
that
hath
degrees
.63
69.
Ostrobothnia
,
towarde
the
East
is
termined
from
the
said
ende
of
the
most
East
coaste
.
And
towarde
the
South
,
with
a
line
extended
by
the
mountaynes
frome
this
ende
vnto
the
degree
.71
66
Towarde
the
north
and
weste
,
with
part
of
the
goulfe
of
Suecia
.
&c.
Gothia
or
Gothlande
.
GOTHIA
,
is
by
interpretacion
good
.
For
the
holye
name
of
God
,
is
in
the
Germayne
toonge
Goth
(
that
is
)
Good
.
At
what
tyme
the
Gothes
vppon
a
general
consent
,
sent
furth
theyr
ofsrpyng
or
succession
to
seeke
newe
seates
or
countreys
to
inhabite
,
Thinuasions
of
the
Gothes
and
when
they
possessed
the
coastes
of
Meotis
and
Asia
,
none
of
the
owlde
wryters
haue
made
mention
as
farre
as
I
knowe
.
But
they
haue
byn
knowen
sence
the
tyme
that
the
Romanes
dilated
theyr
Empyre
by
Illirium
(
nowe
cauled
Slauonie
)
vnto
the
ryuer
of
Danubius
.
And
were
also
famous
from
the
tyme
of
Cesar
Dictator
and
Octauianus
Augustus
by
reason
of
theyr
greate
warres
at
Danubius
beinge
th
uttermost
bounde
of
Th
empire
.
The
warre
of
the
gothe●
ageynst
the
Romans
.
Neuerthelesse
,
in
that
renoume
,
what
Gothia
was
,
vnder
what
parte
of
heauen
it
was
situate
,
or
of
whom
the
Gothes
toke
theyr
original
,
it
hath
byn
vnknowen
almost
to
this
age
.
This
is
termined
towarde
the
north
,
with
the
south
ende
of
Suecia
:
And
towarde
the
weste
,
The
boundes
of
Gothland
.
with
the
other
mountaynes
of
Norway
,
which
continewe
from
the
boundes
of
Suecia
to
the
mouthes
of
the
ryuers
of
Trolheta
.
&c.
It
hath
many
goodly
townes
,
cities
,
castels
,
mines
.
&c.
The
citie
of
Uisba
,
The
citie
of
Ui●ba
.
being
in
the
degree
.61
30
54
15.
was
an
ancient
and
famous
marte
towne
as
is
Genua
in
Italie
at
this
day
.
But
afterwarde
beinge
afflicted
by
th
incursions
of
the
pirates
of
the
Danes
and
Moscouites
,
Danes
and
Moscouites
.
it
was
left
desolate
.
There
remayne
to
this
day
certeyne
ruines
whiche
testifie
the
ancient
nobilitie
In
this
place
were
the
fyrste
stacions
of
the
Gothes
that
possessed
Meotis
.
It
is
at
this
daye
of
frutfull
soyle
,
and
famous
by
many
goodly
and
stronge
castels
and
monasteries
.
There
is
amonge
other
,
a
monasterie
of
th
order
of
saynt
Benedicte
,
in
the
which
is
a
librarie
of
abowt
two
thousande
bookes
of
owlde
autours
.
A
librarie
of
two
thousand
●ookes
.
Abowt
the
yeare
of
Christ
fourscore
and
.viii.
the
Gothes
,
vnto
whom
resorted
a
great
multitude
of
other
people
of
these
northe
par●es
of
the
worlde
,
as
from
Liuonia
,
Prusia
,
Russia
and
Tartaria
with
diuers
other
contreys
,
makynge
them
dyuers
Kynges
and
capitaynes
,
dyd
depopulate
and
brynge
in
subiection
the
more
parte
of
Europe
,
inuaded
Italie
,
destroyd
Rome
,
The
Gothes
inuaded
Europe
and
destroyd
Rome
.
inhabited
that
parte
of
Italie
now
cauled
Lumbardie
▪
and
lykewyse
subdued
the
roialmes
of
Castile
and
Aragonie
.
Theyr
warres
contynewed
aboue
three
hundreth
yeares
.
¶
Finland
,
and
Eningia
.
FInlandia
,
is
as
much
to
say
as
a
fayre
lande
or
fine
land
,
so
named
for
the
fertilitie
of
the
grownde
,
Plinie
semeth
to
caule
it
Finnonia
.
For
he
saith
that
abowte
the
coastes
of
Finlande
,
are
many
Ilandes
withowt
names
.
Of
the
which
there
lyeth
one
before
Scithia
cauled
Pannonia
.
The
goulfe
cauled
Sinus
Finnonicus
,
is
so
named
at
this
day
of
the
lande
of
Finnonia
.
Pannonia
falsely
taken
for
Finnonia
.
Finnonia
confineth
with
Scithia
,
and
runneth
withowt
all
Tanais
(
that
is
to
say
)
withowte
the
limetes
of
Europe
to
the
confines
or
Asia
.
But
that
the
name
of
Finlande
seemeth
not
to
agree
hereunto
,
the
cause
is
that
this
place
of
Plinie
is
corrupted
as
are
many
other
in
this
autour
:
So
that
from
the
name
of
Finnonia
,
or
Phinnonia
,
it
was
a
likely
erroure
to
caule
it
Pannonia
forasmuch
as
these
woordes
doo
not
greately
differ
in
wrytynge
and
founde
:
so
that
the
counterfecte
name
was
soone
put
in
the
place
of
the
trew
name
by
hym
that
knewe
Pannonia
and
redde
that
name
before
,
beinge
also
ignorant
of
Phinnonia
.
Eningia
had
in
owlde
tyme
the
tytle
of
a
kingedome
,
Eningia
.
it
is
of
such
largenesse
.
But
hath
nowe
only
the
tytle
of
an
inferiour
gouernoure
,
beinge
vnder
the
dominion
of
the
Slauons
and
vsyng
the
same
tonge
.
In
religion
,
it
obserued
the
rites
of
the
Greekes
of
late
yeares
,
when
it
was
vnder
the
gouernaunce
of
the
Moscouites
.
But
it
is
at
this
present
vnder
the
kynge
of
Suecia
and
obserueth
th
institucions
of
the
Occidentall
church
.
Spanysshe
wynes
are
browght
thyther
in
great
plentie
which
the
people
vse
merely
and
cherefully
.
Spanysshe
wyne●
.
It
is
termined
on
the
north
syde
,
by
the
southe
line
of
Ostrobothnia
,
and
is
extended
by
the
mountaynes
.
Towarde
the
west
,
it
is
termined
with
the
sea
of
Finnonia
accordyng
to
this
description
:
and
hath
degrees
.71
.
66.
&c.
¶
The
historie
written
in
the
latin
toonge
by
Paulus
Iouius
bysshoppe
of
Nuceria
in
Italie
,
of
the
legation
or
ambassade
of
greate
Basilius
Prince
of
Moscouia
,
to
pope
Clement
the
.vii.
of
that
name
:
In
which
is
conteyned
the
description
of
Moscouia
with
the
regions
confininge
abowte
the
same
euen
vnto
the
great
&
ryche
Empire
of
Cathay
.
I
〈◊〉
fyrste
briefely
to
desc●ribe
the
situation
of
the
region
which
we
plainely
see
to
haue
bin
little
know●●
to
Strabo
and
Ptolome
,
and
then
to
procede
in
rehearsinge
the
maners
,
customes
and
religion
of
the
people
.
And
this
in
maner
in
the
lyke
simple
style
and
phrase
of
speache
as
the
same
was
declared
vnto
vs
by
Demetrius
the
ambassadoure
,
Demetrius
the
ambassadour
of
Moscouia
.
a
man
not
ignoraunt
in
the
Latin
toonge
,
as
from
his
youth
browght
vp
in
Liuonia
,
where
he
learned
the
fyrst
rudimentes
of
letters
.
And
beinge
growne
to
mans
age
,
executed
th
office
of
an
ambassadour
into
dyuers
Christian
prouinces
.
For
wheras
by
reason
of
his
approued
faithfulnesse
and
industrie
,
he
had
before
byn
sent
as
oratoure
to
the
kynges
of
Suecia
and
Denmarke
,
and
the
great
master
of
Prussia
,
he
was
at
the
last
sente
to
Th
emperoure
Maximilian
,
in
whose
courte
(
beinge
replenysshed
with
all
sortes
of
menne
)
whyle
he
was
conuersant
,
if
any
thyng
of
barbarous
maners
yet
remayned
in
so
docible
and
quiet
a
nature
,
the
same
was
put
away
by
framynge
hym selfe
to
better
ciuilitie
.
The
cause
of
his
legacie
or
ambassade
,
was
gyuen
by
Paulus
Centurio
a
Genuese
,
Paulus
Centurio
.
who
when
he
had
receaued
letters
commendatori
of
pope
Leo
the
tenth
,
and
came
to
Moscouia
for
the
trade
of
marchaundies
,
of
his
owne
mynde
conferred
with
the
familiers
of
Duke
Basilius
as
touchynge
the
conformation
of
the
rites
of
both
churches
.
He
furthermore
of
great
magnanimitie
and
in
maner
owtragious
desire
,
sowght
howe
by
a
newe
and
incredible
viage
,
spices
myght
bee
browght
from
India
.
Spice●
browght
from
India
to
Moscouia
.
For
whyle
before
he
had
exercised
the
trade
of
merchaundies
in
Syria
,
Egypte
,
and
Pontus
,
he
knewe
by
fame
that
spices
myght
bee
conueighed
from
the
further
India
vp
the
riuer
Indus
ageynst
the
course
of
the
same
,
The
ryuer
Indus
.
and
from
thence
by
a
smal
vyage
by
lande
passinge
ouer
the
mountaynes
of
Paropanisus
,
to
bee
caried
to
the
riuer
Oxus
in
Bactria
,
Oxus
or
hexina
a
ryuer
of
Asia
.
runneth
through
the
desertes
of
Sythia
.
which
hauing
his
original
almost
from
the
same
mountaynes
frome
whense
Indus
dooth
springe
,
and
violently
caryinge
with
it
manye
other
ryuers
,
fauleth
into
the
sea
Hircanum
or
Caspium
at
the
porte
cauled
Straua
.
The
sea
hircanum
,
is
now
cauled
mare
Abacuk
or
mare
de
Sala
.
And
he
ernestly
affirmed
that
frome
Straua
,
is
an
easy
and
safe
nauigation
vnto
the
marte
towne
of
Citrachan
or
Astrachan
and
the
mouth
of
the
ryuer
Uolga
and
from
thense
euer
ageynst
the
co●rse
of
the
ryuers
,
Citrachan
or
Astracan
.
as
Uolga
,
Occha
,
and
Moscho
,
vnto
the
citie
Moscha
,
and
frome
thence
by
lande
to
Riga
and
into
the
sea
of
Sarmatia
and
all
the
west
regions
.
For
he
was
vehemently
and
more
then
of
equitie
accensed
and
prouoked
by
the
iniuries
of
the
Portugales
,
Sarmartia
is
that
greate
countrey
wherin
〈◊〉
conteyned
Russia
Liuonia
and
Tartaria
,
&
the
north
and
East
part
of
Polonia
.
who
hauynge
by
force
of
armes
subdued
a
great
parte
of
India
,
and
possessed
all
the
marte
townes
,
takynge
holy
into
theyr
handes
all
the
trade
of
spices
to
brynge
the
same
into
Spayne
,
and
neuerthelesse
to
sell
them
at
a
more
greuous
and
intollerable
price
to
the
people
of
Europe
then
euer
was
hard
of
before
:
And
furthermore
kepte
the
coastes
of
the
Indian
sea
so
straightly
with
continuall
nauies
,
that
those
trades
are
thereby
lefte
of
,
which
were
before
exercised
by
the
goulfe
of
Persia
and
towarde
the
ryuer
of
Euphrates
,
Ageynst
the
Portugales
.
and
also
by
the
streightes
of
the
sea
of
Arabia
and
the
ryuer
Nilus
,
and
in
fine
by
owre
sea
:
The
trade
of
spices
inowld
tyme
.
by
which
trade
all
Asia
and
Europe
was
abundantly
satisfied
and
better
cheape
then
hathe
byn
sence
the
Portugales
had
the
trade
in
theyr
handes
with
so
manye
incommodities
of
such
longe
viages
wherby
the
spices
are
so
corrupted
by
th
infection
of
the
poompe
and
other
fylthynesse
of
the
shippes
,
that
theyr
naturall
sauour
,
taste
,
Spices
corrupted
.
and
qualitie
aswell
hereby
as
by
theyr
longe
reseruyng
in
the
shoppes
,
sellers
,
and
warehouses
in
Lussheburne
,
vanyssheth
and
resolueth
,
so
that
reseruynge
euer
the
fresshest
and
neweste
,
they
sel
only
the
woorst
and
most
corrupted
.
But
Paulus
,
although
in
all
places
he
ernestly
and
vehemently
argued
of
these
thinges
,
and
styrred
great
malice
and
hatred
ageynst
the
Portugales
,
affirmynge
that
not
only
therby
the
customes
and
reuenewes
of
princes
shulde
bee
much
greater
if
that
vyage
might
bee
discouered
,
but
also
that
spices
myght
bee
better
cheepe
bowght
at
the
handes
of
the
Moscouites
,
yet
coulde
he
nothinge
auayle
in
this
sute
,
forasmuche
as
Duke
Basilius
thowght
it
not
good
to
make
open
or
disclose
vnto
a
straunger
and
vnknowne
man
,
those
regions
which
giue
enterance
to
the
sea
Caspium
and
the
kyngedomes
of
Persia.
The
Caspian
sea
.
Paulus
therfore
excludynge
all
hope
of
further
trauayle
,
and
become
nowe
of
a
marchaunte
an
Ambassadoure
,
browght
Basilius
letters
(
pope
Leo
beinge
nowe
departed
)
to
Adriane
his
successoure
,
Basilius
wrot
to
Pope
Ad●●ane
.
in
the
whiche
he
declared
with
honorable
and
reuerened
woordes
his
good
wyll
and
fauorable
mynde
towarde
the
bysshop
of
Rome
.
For
a
fewe
yeares
before
,
Basilius
(
then
keepynge
warres
ageynste
the
Polones
at
suche
tyme
as
the
generall
counsayle
was
celebrate
at
Laterane
)
requyred
by
Iohn
,
kynge
of
Denmarke
(
the
father
of
Christierne
who
was
of
late
expulsed
from
his
kyngedome
)
that
safe
passage
myght
bee
graunted
to
th
ambassadours
of
Moscouia
to
go
to
Rome
.
But
wheras
it
so
chaunced
,
that
kynge
Iohn
and
pope
Iulius
dyed
both
in
one
day
,
wherby
he
lacked
a
conuenient
sequester
or
solicitoure
,
he
omittted
his
consulation
as
touchynge
that
legacie
.
After
this
,
the
warre
waxed
hot
betwene
him
and
Sigismunde
the
kynge
of
Polonie
:
who
obteinynge
the
victorie
ageinst
the
Moscouites
at
Boristhene
,
warre
betwene
the
Polones
and
Moscouites
.
supplications
were
decreed
in
Rome
for
the
ouerthrowe
and
vanquyssynge
the
enemies
of
the
Christian
faithe
,
whiche
thinge
greatly
alienated
both
kynge
Basilius
him selfe
and
all
that
nation
from
the
bysshop
of
Rome
.
But
when
Adriane
the
.vi.
departed
from
this
lyfe
,
and
lefte
Paulus
nowe
redie
to
his
seconde
vyage
,
his
successour
Clemente
the
.vii.
perceauynge
that
Paulus
styll
furiously
reuolued
and
tossed
in
his
vnquiet
mynde
that
vyage
towarde
the
Easte
,
sente
hym
ageyne
with
letters
to
Moscouia
,
The
seconde
viage
of
Paulus
to
Moscoui●
.
by
the
which
with
propense
and
frendly
persuasions
,
he
exhorted
Basilius
to
acknowleage
the
maiestie
of
the
Romane
churche
,
The
Pope
persuadeth
Basilius
to
acknowledge
the
Romane
churche
.
and
to
make
a
perpetuall
leage
and
agreement
in
matters
of
religion
,
which
thynge
shuld
be
not
only
for
the
health
of
his
soule
,
but
also
greatly
to
th
increase
of
his
honour
:
And
further
promysed
,
that
by
the
holy
autoritie
of
his
office
he
wolde
make
hym
a
kynge
and
gyue
hym
kyngely
ornamentes
,
if
reiectyng
the
doctrine
of
the
Greekes
,
he
wolde
conforme
hym selfe
to
th
autoritie
of
th●
Romane
churche
.
For
Basilius
desyred
the
name
and
tytle
of
a
kynge
by
th
assignation
of
the
bysshoppe
of
Rome
,
forasm●ch
as
the
iudged
that
to
apperteyne
to
the
catholyke
right
and
the
bysshoppes
maiestie
,
of
whome
(
as
he
knewe
ryght
well
)
euen
Themperours
them selues
by
an
auncient
custome
haue
receaued
there
insignes
of
honoure
with
the
Diademe
and
scepter
of
the
Romane
Empire
:
The
Emperoures
receaue
there
diademe
of
the
bysshoppes
of
Rome
.
althowghe
it
is
sayde
that
he
required
the
same
of
Th
emperour
Maximiliane
by
many
ambassades
.
Paulus
therfore
who
with
more
prosperous
iorneys
then
great
vantage
,
had
from
his
youth
trauayled
a
greate
parte
of
the
world
,
althowgh
he
were
nowe
aged
and
sore
vexed
with
the
strangurie
,
came
with
a
prosperous
and
spedy
iornay
to
Moscouia
,
where
he
was
gentely
receaued
of
Basilius
,
and
remayned
in
his
courte
for
the
space
of
twoo
monethes
.
But
in
fine
,
mistrustynge
his
owne
strength
,
and
deterred
by
the
difficultie
of
so
great
a
iorneye
,
when
he
had
vtterly
put
away
all
his
imaginations
and
hope
of
this
trade
to
India
,
returned
to
Rome
with
Demetrius
●hambassadour
of
Basilius
,
before
we
yet
thowght
that
he
had
byn
in
Moscouia
.
Demetrius
interteynement
at
Rome
.
The
bysshoppe
commaunded
that
Demetrius
shuld
bee
lodged
in
the
most
magnificent
and
princely
part
of
the
houses
of
Uaticane
,
the
rouffes
of
whose
edifies
are
gylted
and
embowed
,
and
the
chambers
richly
furnysshed
with
sylken
beddes
and
cloth
of
Arresse
.
Wyllynge
furthermore
that
he
shuld
bee
honorably
receaued
and
ves●ured
with
silk●
.
He
also
assigned
Franciscus
Cheregatus
the
bysshoppe
of
Aprutium
(
a
man
that
had
often
tymes
byn
ambassadoure
to
diuers
regyons
)
to
accompanie
hym
and
shewe
hym
th
order
and
rites
of
owre
religion
with
the
monumentes
and
maners
of
the
citie
.
Furthermore
,
when
Demetrius
had
certeyne
dayes
rested
and
recreate
him selfe
,
wasshyng
away
the
fylth
he
had
gathered
by
reason
of
the
longe
vyage
,
then
apparelled
with
a
fayre
vesture
after
the
maner
of
his
countrey
,
he
was
browght
to
the
bysshoppes
presence
,
whom
he
honoured
kneelynge
with
great
humilitie
and
reuerence
(
as
is
the
maner
)
and
therwith
presented
vnto
his
holynes
certeyne
furres
of
Sables
in
his
owne
name
and
in
the
name
of
his
prince
,
Demetrius
is
brought
to
the
popes
presence
.
and
also
delyuered
the
letters
of
Basilius
,
which
they
before
,
and
then
the
Illyrian
or
Slauon
interpretoure
Nicolaus
Siccensis
translated
into
the
Latine
toonge
in
this
effecte
as
foloweth
.
To
pope
Clemente
sheparde
and
teacher
of
the
Romane
churche
,
Basi●ius
letters
to
pope
Clement
.
greate
Basilius
by
the
grace
of
God
,
lorde
,
Emperour
and
dominatour
of
al
Ru●sia
,
and
great
duke
Uolodemaria
,
Moscouia
,
Nouogrodia
,
Plescouia
,
S●nolenia
,
Ifferia
Iugoria
,
Periunia
,
Uetcha
,
Bolgaria
.
&c.
Dominator
&
great
prince
of
Nouogrodia
in
the
lower
contrei
:
Also
of
Cern●gouia
,
Razania
,
Uolotchia
,
Rezeuia
,
Belchia
,
Rostouia
,
Iaroslauia
,
Belozeria
,
Udoria
,
Obdoria
,
&
Condinia
.
&c.
Yow
sent
vnto
vs
Paulus
Centurio
a
c●tizen
of
Genua
with
letters
wherby
yowe
do
exhorte
vs
to
ioine
in
poure
and
counsayle
withyowe
and
other
Princes
of
Christendome
ageynst
the
enemies
of
the
christian
faith
:
and
that
a
free
passage
and
redy
way
may
bee
opened
for
bothe
yowre
ambassadours
and
owres
to
coome
and
go
to
and
fro
,
whereby
by
mutuall
dewtie
and
indeuoure
on
both
parties
,
we
may
haue
knowleage
of
the
state
of
thinges
perteynynge
to
the
welth
of
vs
both
.
Wee
certes
as
we
haue
hetherto
happely
by
the
ayde
and
helpe
of
almyghty
god
constantly
and
ernestly
resisted
the
cruell
and
wycked
enemies
of
the
Christian
faithe
,
so
are
we
determined
to
doo
hereafter
.
And
are
likewise
redy
to
consente
with
other
Christian
Princes
,
and
to
graunt
free
passage
into
owte
dominions
.
In
consideration
wherof
,
we
haue
sente
vnto
yowe
owre
faithfull
seruaunt
Demetrius
Erasmus
with
these
owre
letters
:
and
with
hym
haue
remitted
Paulus
Centurio
:
desyringe
yowe
also
shortly
to
dismisse
Demetrius
with
safegarde
and
indemnitie
vnto
the
borthers
of
owre
dominions
.
And
we
wyl
likewyse
doo
the
same
if
yowe
sende
yowre
ambassadoure
with
Demetrius
,
wherby
both
by
communication
and
letters
,
wee
may
bee
better
cert●fied
of
th
order
and
administration
of
such
thynges
as
yowe
require
:
so
that
beinge
aduertised
of
the
mindes
&
intent
of
al
other
Christian
princes
,
we
may
also
consult
what
is
best
to
be
done
herein
.
Thus
fare
ye
wel
.
Giuen
in
owr
dominion
in
owr
citie
of
Moscouia
,
in
the
yeare
from
the
creation
of
the
worlde
,
seuen
thousande
and
three
hundreth
,
the
thyrde
day
of
Aprell
.
But
Demetrius
,
as
he
is
experte
in
diuine
and
humane
thynges
,
and
esp●cially
of
holy
scripture
,
seemed
to
haue
secreate
commaundement
of
greater
matters
whiche
we
thinke
he
wyll
shortly
declare
to
the
se●ate
in
priuate
consultations
.
For
he
is
nowe
deliuered
of
the
feuer
into
the
whiche
he
fell
by
chaunge
of
ayer
,
and
hath
so
recouered
his
strengthe
and
natiue
colour
,
that
beinge
a
man
of
threescore
yeares
of
age
,
he
was
not
only
presente
at
the
popes
masse
celebrated
with
great
solemnitie
in
the
honour
of
saynt
Cosmus
and
Damian
but
came
also
into
the
Senate
at
such
tyme
as
Cardinal
Campegius
commynge
●yrst
from
the
legacie
of
Pannonia
,
Cardinall
Campegius
.
was
receaued
of
the
pope
and
all
the
nobilitie
of
the
courte
:
And
furthermore
also
vewed
the
temples
of
the
holye
citie
with
the
ruines
of
the
Romane
magnificence
,
The
●uines
of
Rome
.
and
with
woonderynge
eyes
behelde
the
lamentable
decay
of
the
auncient
buildinges
So
that
we
thinke
that
shortly
after
he
hath
declared
his
message
,
he
shall
returne
to
Moscouia
with
the
bysshop
of
Scarense
the
popes
legate
,
not
vnrecompensed
with
iust
rewards
at
the
handes
of
his
holynesse
.
The
name
of
the
Moscouites
is
nowe
newe
,
The
description
of
Moscouia
.
althowgh
the
poete
Lucane
maketh
mention
of
the
Moschos
confinynge
with
the
Sarmatians
,
and
Plinie
also
placeth
the
Moschos
at
the
sprynges
of
the
great
ryuer
of
Phasis
in
the
region
of
Colcho●
aboue
the
sea
Euxinus
towarde
the
East
.
Theyr
region
hath
very
large
boundes
,
and
is
extended
from
the
altars
of
great
Alexander
abowt
the
springes
of
Tanais
,
The
altares
of
great
alexander
.
to
the
extreme
landes
and
north
Ocean
in
maner
vnder
the
Northe
starres
cauled
charles
wayne
or
the
greate
beare
,
beinge
for
the
most
parte
playne
and
of
frutfull
pasture
,
but
in
sommer
in
many
places
full
of
marisshes
.
For
whereas
all
that
lande
is
replenysshed
with
many
and
great
ryuers
which
are
greatly
increased
by
the
winter
snow
and
ise
resolued
by
the
heate
of
the
soonne
,
the
playnes
and
fyeldes
are
therby
ouerflowen
with
marisshes
,
Marisshes
in
sommer
.
and
all
iorneys
incumbered
with
continuall
waters
and
myrie
slabbynesse
vntyl
by
the
benefite
of
the
new
wynter
the
ryuers
and
marisshes
bee
frosen
ageyne
,
and
giue
safe
passage
to
the
sleades
that
are
accustomed
to
iorney
by
the
same
.
The
woodde
or
forest
of
Hercynia
(
and
not
Hyrcania
as
is
redde
in
sum
false
copies
)
occupieth
a
great
parte
of
Moscouia
,
The
forest
of
hercynia
.
and
is
here
and
there
inhabited
,
with
houses
buylded
therein
and
so
made
thinner
by
the
longe
laboure
of
men
that
it
dooth
not
nowe
shewe
that
horrour
of
thicke
and
impenetrable
woods
and
laundes
as
many
thinke
it
●o
haue
.
But
beinge
replenysshed
with
many
wylde
beastes
,
wyld
beastes
is
so
farre
extended
through
Moscouia
with
a
continuall
tracte
betwene
.
the
East
and
the
North
towarde
the
Scythian
Ocean
,
The
Scythian
Ocean
.
that
by
the
infinite
greatnesse
therof
it
hath
deluded
the
hope
of
such
as
haue
curiously
searched
th
ende
of
the
same
.
In
that
parte
that
reacheth
towarde
Prussia
,
are
founde
the
greate
and
fierce
beastes
cauled
Uri
,
or
Bisontes
,
The
beastes
cauled
Uri
or
Bisontes
.
of
the
kynde
of
bulles
:
Also
Alces
lyke
vnto
hartes
,
whiche
the
Moscouites
caule
Lozzi
,
and
are
cauled
of
the
Germaynes
Helenes
.
helenes
.
On
the
East
syde
of
Moscouia
,
are
the
Scythyans
which
are
at
this
day
cauled
Tartars
,
Of
the
Scythyans
and
Tartars
.
a
wanderinge
nation
,
and
at
all
ages
famous
in
warres
.
In
the
stede
of
houses
they
vse
wagons
couered
with
beastes
hydes
,
wherby
they
were
in
owlde
tyme
cauled
Amaxouii
.
Amaxouii
.
For
cities
and
townes
,
they
vse
greate
tentes
and
pauilions
,
not
defended
with
trenches
or
waules
of
tymber
or
stone
,
but
inclosed
with
an
innumerable
multitude
of
archers
on
horsebacke
.
The
Tartares
are
diuided
by
companies
which
they
caule
Hordas
,
hord●
.
which
word
in
theyr
toonge
signifieth
a
consentynge
companye
of
people
gathered
togyther
in
forme
of
a
citie
.
Euery
Horda
is
gouerned
by
an
Emperour
whom
eyther
his
parentage
or
warlyke
prowes
hath
promoted
to
that
dignitie
.
For
they
oftentimes
keepe
warre
with
theyr
bortherers
and
contende
ambiciously
and
fiercely
for
dominion
.
The
large
dominion
of
the
Tartars
.
It
dooth
hereby
appeare
that
they
consiste
of
innumerable
Hordas
,
in
that
the
Tartars
possesse
the
most
large
desertes
euen
vnto
the
famous
citie
of
Cathay
in
the
furthest
Ocean
in
the
East
They
also
that
are
neareste
to
the
Moscouites
,
Cathay
.
are
knowen
by
theyr
trade
of
marchaundies
and
often
incursions
.
The
Tartars
of
Europe
.
In
Europe
nere
vnto
the
place
cauled
Dromon
Achillis
in
Taurica
Chersoneso
,
are
the
Tartars
cauled
Precopites
,
the
dowghter
of
whose
prince
,
Selymus
Th
emperour
of
the
Turkes
tooke
to
wyfe
.
These
are
most
infest
to
the
Polones
,
and
wast
the
regions
on
euery
syde
betwene
the
ryuers
of
Boristhenes
and
Tanais
.
They
that
in
the
same
Taurica
possesse
Caffam
a
colonie
of
the
Ligurians
(
cauled
in
owlde
tyme
Theodosia
)
doo
bothe
in
religion
&
al
other
thynges
agree
with
the
Turkes
.
But
the
Tartars
that
inhabite
the
regions
of
Asia
betwene
Tanais
and
Uolga
,
are
subiecte
to
Basilius
the
kynge
of
the
Moscouites
,
The
Tartars
of
Asia
.
are
subiecte
to
the
Du●e
of
Moscouia
.
and
thuse
them
a
●ouernour
at
his
assignement
.
Amonge
these
,
the
Cremii
afflicted
with
ciuile
seditions
,
where
as
heretofore
they
were
riche
and
of
great
poure
,
haue
of
late
yeares
loste
theyr
dominion
and
dignitie
.
The
Tartars
that
are
beyonde
the
ryuer
of
volga
,
The
Tartars
beyonde
the
ryuer
of
Uolga
.
do
religiously
obserue
the
frendship
of
the
Moscouites
and
professe
them selues
to
be
their
subiectes
.
Beyond
the
Cassanites
towarde
the
Northe
,
are
the
Sciambani
,
rich
in
heardes
of
catta●lle
and
consistynge
of
a
great
multitude
of
men
.
After
these
,
ar●
Nogai
,
Nogai
.
Sigismundu●
cauleth
them
Nogaysri
.
whiche
obteyne
at
this
daye
the
chiefe
fame
of
ryches
and
warly
affayres
.
Theyr
Horda
,
althowgh
it
bee
most
ample
,
yet
hath
it
no
emperoure
,
but
is
gouerned
by
the
wysdome
and
vertue
of
the
most
ancient
and
valient
men
after
the
maner
of
the
common
wealthe
of
Uenece
.
Beyonde
the
Nogais
sumwhat
towarde
the
south
and
the
Caspian
sea
,
the
nobelest
nation
of
the
Tartars
cauled
Zagathai
,
The
nobeles●
nation
of
the
Tartars
.
inhabite
townes
buylded
of
stone
,
and
haue
an
exceadynge
greate
and
fayre
citie
cauled
Samarcanda
,
which
Iaxartes
the
greate
ryuer
of
Sogdiana
runneth
through
,
The
ryuer
Iaxartes
.
and
passinge
from
thense
about
a
hundreth
myles
,
fauleth
into
the
Caspian
sea
.
With
these
people
in
owre
dayes
,
Ismael
the
Sophi
and
kynge
of
Persia
hathe
often
tymes
kepte
war
with
doubtfull
successe
:
Ismael
the
Soph●
,
kyng●
of
Persia.
In
so
muche
that
fearynge
the
greatenesse
of
theyr
poure
which
heresysted
with
all
that
he
myght
,
he
lefte
Armenia
and
Taurisium
the
chiefe
citie
of
the
kyngedome
,
for
a
pray
to
Selinius
the
vyctourer
of
one
wynge
of
the
battayle
.
From
the
citie
of
Samarcanda
,
The
citie
of
Samarcanda
.
descended
Tamburlanes
the
myghty
Emperoure
of
the
Tartars
whome
sum
caule
Tanberlanis
.
Tamburlanes
,
the
myghtie
Emperour
of
the
Tartars
.
The
conquestes
of
Tamburlanes
.
But
Demetrius
sayth
that
he
shulde
bee
cauled
Themircuthlu
.
Thys
is
he
that
abowte
the
yeare
of
Chryste
.
M.
CCC.lxxxxviii
.
subdued
almost
all
the
Easte
partes
of
the
worlde
:
And
lastly
with
an
innumerable
multytude
of
men
inuaded
the
Turkes
dominions
,
with
whom
Baiasetes
Ottomanus
their
kynge
,
(
and
father
to
the
greate
grandefather
of
this
Solyman
that
nowe
lyueth
)
metinge
at
Ancyra
in
the
confines
or
marches
of
Galatia
and
Bythinia
,
gaue
hym
a
sore
battaile
,
in
the
whiche
selfe
on
the
Turaes
parte
.20000
.
men
,
and
Baiasetes
hym selfe
was
taken
prisoner
,
Baiasetes
.
whom
Tamburlanes
caused
to
bee
locked
in
an
iren●cage
and
so
caried
hym
abowte
with
hym
throwgh
all
Asia
which
he
also
conquered
with
a
terrible
army
.
He
conquered
al
the
landes
betwene
Tanais
and
Nilus
,
and
in
fine
vanquisshed
in
battayle
the
great
Soltane
of
Egypte
,
whom
he
chased
beyonde
Nilus
,
and
tooke
also
the
citie
of
Damascus
.
Frome
the
region
of
these
Tartars
cauled
Zagathei
,
is
browght
great
plentie
of
silken
apparel
to
the
Moscouites
.
This
ap●arel
t●ey
haue
of
the
Per●ians
.
But
th●
Tartars
that
inhabite
the
midland
or
inner
regions
,
b●inge
none
other
wares
then
truckes
or
droues
of
swyft●
runnynge
horses
and
clokes
made
of
whyte
feltes
:
also
hales
or
tentes
to
withstonde
th
iniuries
of
coulde
and
rayne
.
These
they
make
very
artificially
and
apte
for
the
purpose
.
They
receaue
agayne
of
the
Moscouites
,
coa●es
of
cloth
,
and
syluer
monye
,
The
Tartars
traffi●ke
w●th
the
Moscouites
.
conteynynge
all
other
bodely
ornamentes
,
and
the
furnyture
of
superfluous
housolde
stuffe
.
For
beynge
defended
ageynst
the
violence
of
wether
and
tempestes
only
with
suche
apparell
and
couerture
whereof
wee
haue
spoken
,
they
trust
only
to
theyr
arrowes
which
they
shoote
aswell
backwarde
flyinge
as
when
they
assayle
theyr
enemies
face
to
face
:
Albeit
,
when
they
determined
to
inuad
Europ
,
theyr
princes
and
capitaynes
had
helmetts
coates
of
fense
,
and
hooked
swoordes
which
they
bought
of
the
Persians
.
Towarde
the
southe
,
The
tartars
of
the
South
syde
of
Mo●couia
.
the
houndes
of
Moscouia
are
termined
by
the
same
Tartars
which
possesse
the
playn
regyons
nere
vnto
the
Caspian
sea
:
aboue
the
marysshes
of
Meotis
in
Asia
,
and
about●
the
●yuers
of
Borysthenes
and
Tanais
in
parte
of
Europe
.
The
people
cauled
Roxolani
,
Gete
and
Bastarne
,
Gete
and
Roxolani
.
inhabited
these
regions
in
oulde
tyme
,
of
whom
I
thynke
the
name
of
Russia
tooke
originall
.
Russia
.
For
they
caule
parte
of
Lituania
,
Russia
the
lower
,
wheras
Moscouia
it selfe
,
is
cauled
whyte
Russia
.
Lituania
therfore
,
lyeth
on
the
Northwest
syde
of
Moscouia
:
Moscouia
cauled
white
Russia
.
Lituania
.
Pruissa
.
Liuonis
.
Denmarke
.
Norway
.
Tuecia
.
The
people
of
Laponia
.
But
towarde
the
full
west
the
mayne
landes
of
Prussia
and
Liuonia
are
ioyned
to
the
confines
or
marches
of
Moscouia
,
where
the
Sarmatian
sea
breakynge
furth
of
the
streightes
of
Cimbrica
Chersonesus
(
nowe
cauled
Denmarke
)
is
bended
with
a
crooked
goulfe
towarde
the
northe
.
But
in
the
furthest
bankes
of
that
Ocean
where
the
large
kyngedomes
of
Norwaye
and
Suecia
are
ioyned
to
the
continent
and
almoste
enuironed
with
the
sea
,
are
the
people
cauled
Lapones
,
A
nation
exceadynge
rude
,
suspicyous
,
and
fearefull
,
flyinge
and
astonysshed
at
the
syght
of
al
straungiers
&
shyppes
.
They
knowe
neyther
frutes
nor
apples
,
nor
yet
any
benignitie
eyther
of
heauen
or
earth
.
They
prouyde
them
meate
onely
with
shootynge
,
and
are
●p●areled
with
the
skynnes
of
wild
beastes
.
They
dwell
in
caues
fylled
with
drye
leaues
,
and
in
holow
trees
consumed
within
eyther
by
fyre
or
rotten
for
age
Suche
as
dwell
neare
the
sea
syde
,
fysshe
more
luckyly
then
cunnyngly
,
and
in
the
stead
of
frutes
,
reserue
in
store
fysshes
dryed
with
smoke
,
They
are
of
smaule
stature
of
body
,
with
starre
visagies
,
pale
and
wannye
coloure
,
and
very
swyfte
of
foote
.
Their
wittes
or
dispositions
,
are
not
knowen
to
the
Moscouites
theyr
bortherers
,
who
thynke
it
therfore
a
madnesse
to
assayle
them
with
a
smaule
poure
,
Armeline
furres
.
and
iudge
it
neyther
profitable
nor
glorious
,
with
greate
armies
to
inuade
a
poore
and
beggerly
nation
.
They
exch●unge
the
most
whyte
furres
which
wee
caule
Armelines
for
other
wares
of
dyuers
sortes
:
Bargeninge
withowt
wordes
.
Yet
so
,
that
they
flie
the
syght
and
coompanie
of
all
marchauntes
.
For
comparynge
and
layinge
theyr
wares
together
,
and
leauynge
theyr
furres
in
a
mydde
place
,
they
bargeyne
with
simple
fayth
,
with
absente
and
vnknowen
men
.
The
darke
region
by
th●s
darke
region
and
the
Pigme●ts
the
way
to
Cathay
by
the
Northe
sea
.
Sum
men
of
great
credite
and
autoritie
,
doo
testifie
that
in
a
region
beyond
the
Lappones
,
betwene
the
west
and
the
north
oppressed
with
perpetuall
darkenes
,
is
the
nation
of
the
people
cauled
Pig●ei
,
who
beinge
growen
to
theyr
ful
grought
,
doo
scarsely
excede
the
stature
of
owre
chyldren
of
ten
yeares
of
age
.
It
is
a
fearefull
kynde
of
menne
,
and
expresse
theyr
wordes
in
such
chatteryng
sort
that
they
seeme
to
be
so
much
the
more
lyke
vnto
apes
,
in
howe
muche
they
dyffer
in
sence
and
sta●ure
from
men
of
iust
heyght
.
Towarde
the
North
,
innumerable
people
are
subiecte
to
th
empire
of
the
Moscouites
.
Theyr
regions
extende
to
the
Scythian
Ocean
for
the
space
of
almoste
three
moonethes
iorney
.
The
●cythia●
Ocean
.
N●x●
vnto
Moscouia
,
is
the
region
of
Colmogora
aboundyng
with
frutes
.
The
region
of
co●mogora
.
Through
this
runneth
the
ryuer
of
Diuidna
beinge
one
of
the
greateste
that
is
knowen
in
the
Northe
partes
,
and
gaue
the
name
to
an
other
le●●e
ryuer
w●ich
breaketh
furthe
in●o
the
sea
Baltheum
.
She
ryuer
of
diuidna
.
This
increasynge
a●
c●rteyne
tymes
of
the
yeare
as
dooth
the
ryuer
Nilus
,
ou●r
loweth
the
f●eldes
and
playnes
,
and
with
his
fat
and
nurishinge
moysture
,
dooth
maruelously
re●ist
the
iniuries
of
heauen
and
the
sharpe
b●astes
of
the
North
wynde
.
When
it
ryseth
by
reason
of
molten
snowe
and
greate
shoures
of
rayne
,
it
faul●th
into
the
Ocean
by
vnknowen
nations
,
and
with
so
large
a
trenche
lyke
vnto
a
greate
sea
,
that
it
can
not
bee
sayled
ouer
in
one
day
with
a
prosperous
wynde
.
But
when
the
waters
are
faulen
,
they
leaue
here
and
there
large
and
frutful
Iland●s
.
For
corne
there
cast
on
the
grounde
,
groweth
without
any
helpe
of
the
plowe
,
and
with
maruelous
celeritie
of
hastynge
nature
fearynge
the
newe
iniurie
of
the
proude
ryuer
,
dooth
both
sprynge
and
rype
in
short
space
.
Into
the
ryuer
Diuidna
,
runneth
the
ryuer
Iuga
:
The
ryuer
of
Iuga
or
Iug.
And
in
the
corner
where
they
ioyne
togyther
,
is
the
famous
marte
towne
cauled
Ustiuga
distant
from
the
chiefe
citie
Mosca
.vi.
hundreth
myles
.
Ustiuga
.
Note
that
wheras
Paulus
Iouius
wryteth
here
that
the
ryuer
of
Diuidna
,
otherwyse
cauled
Dwina
,
The
ryuer
of
Diuidna
or
Dwina
.
runneth
throughe
the
region
of
Colmogor
,
it
is
to
bee
vnderstode
that
there
are
twoo
ryuers
of
that
name
,
the
one
on
the
Northeast
syde
of
Moscouia
towarde
the
frosen
sea
,
and
the
other
on
the
southwest
syde
faulyng
into
the
sea
Beltheum
,
or
the
goulfe
of
Finnonia
by
the
citie
of
Riga
in
Liuonia
.
And
forasmuch
as
the
trewe
knowleage
of
these
and
certeine
other
i●
very
necessary
for
all
such
as
shall
trade
into
Moscouia
or
other
regions
in
those
coastes
by
the
northe
sea
,
I
haue
thought
good
to
make
further
declaration
hereof
as
I
haue
founde
in
the
hystorie
of
Moscauia
,
most
faythfully
and
largely
wrytten
by
Sigismundus
Liberus
who
was
twyse
sent
ambassadour
into
Moscouia
,
as
fyrst
by
Maximilian
Th
emperour
,
and
then
ageyne
by
Ferdinando
kyng
of
Hungary
and
Boheme
.
This
haue
I
doone
the
rather
,
for
that
in
all
the
mappes
that
I
haue
seene
of
Moscouia
,
there
is
no
mention
made
of
the
ryuer
of
Dwina
that
runneth
through
the
region
of
Colmogor
and
by
the
citie
of
the
same
name
,
although
the
prouynce
of
Dwina
bee
in
all
cardes
placed
Northewarde
frome
the
ryuer
of
Ustiug
or
Succana
,
The
ryuer
Suchana
.
whiche
is
the
same
Dwina
whereof
we
nowe
speake
,
and
wherof
Paulus
Iouius
wryteth
,
although
it
bee
not
so
named
but
from
the
angle
or
corner
where
ioynynge
with
the
ryuer
of
Iug
and
Suchana
,
it
runneth
Northewarde
towarde
the
citie
of
Colmogor
,
and
from
thence
fauleth
into
the
north
or
frosen
sea
,
The
frosen
sea
.
as
shall
hereafter
more
playn●y
appeare
by
the
woordes
of
Sigismundus
,
that
the
one
of
these
bee
not
taken
for
the
other
being
so
farre
distant
that
great
errour
myght
ensue
by
mistakynge
the
same
,
especially
bicause
this
wherof
Paulus
Iouius
wryteth
is
not
by
name
expressed
in
the
cardes
,
but
only
the
other
,
wherby
is
the
errour
myght
bee
the
greater
.
Of
that
therfore
that
runneth
by
the
conf●nes
of
Liuonia
and
the
citie
of
Riga
,
Sigismundus
wryteth
in
this
maner
.
The
lake
of
Dwina
,
is
distante
from
the
sprynges
of
Bousthenes
,
almost
tenne
myles
,
and
as
many
from
the
marysshe
of
Fronowo
.
From
it
,
a
ryuer
of
the
●ame
name
towarde
the
west
,
distante
from
Uuilua
.xx.
myles
,
runneth
from
thence
towarde
the
Northe
,
where
by
Riga
the
chiefe
citie
of
Liuonia
,
it
faulethe
into
the
Germayne
sea
which
the
Mo●couites
caule
Uuareczk●●e
moue
.
It
runneth
by
Uuitepsko
,
Polotzko
,
and
Dunenburg
,
and
not
by
Plescouia
as
one
hath
wrytten
.
This
ryuer
beinge
for
the
moste
part
nauigable
,
the
Lyuons
caule
Duna
.
Of
the
other
Dwina
wherof
Paulus
Iouius
speaketh
,
he
wryteth
as
foloweth
.
The
prouince
of
Dwina
and
the
ryuer
of
the
same
name
,
is
so
named
from
the
place
where
the
ryuers
of
Suchana
and
Iug
meatynge
togyther
,
make
one
ryuer
so
cauled
.
Dwina
and
Suchana
.
For
Dwina
in
the
Moscouites
tounge
,
signifieth
two
.
This
ryuer
by
the
course
of
a
hundred
myles
,
entereth
into
the
North
Ocean
on
that
part
where
the
sayde
sea
runneth
by
the
coastes
of
Swecia
and
Norwaye
,
and
diuidethe
Engronlande
from
the
vnknowen
lande
.
This
prouince
situate
in
the
ful
north
,
perteined
in
tyme
cast
to
the
segniorie
of
Nouegorede
.
Gronland
or
Engronland
.
From
Moscouia
to
the
mouthes
of
Dwina
,
are
numbered
.
CCC
.
myles
:
Albeit
as
I
haue
sayde
,
in
the
regions
that
are
beyond
Uolga
,
the
accompte
of
the
iorney
can
not
bee
well
obserued
by
reason
of
many
marysshes
,
ryuers
,
and
very
greate
wooddes
that
lye
in
the
way
.
Yet
are
we
led
by
coniecture
to
thinke
it
to
bee
scarsely
twoo
hundreth
myles
:
Understand
myles
of
Germany
,
that
is
leaques
.
forasmuch
as
from
Moscouia
to
Uuolochda
,
from
Uuolochda
to
Ustyug
sumwhat
into
the
Easte
:
and
laste
of
all
frome
Ustyug
by
the
ryuer
Dwina
,
is
the
ryght
passage
to
the
northe
sea
.
This
region
,
besyde
the
castel
of
Colmogor
and
the
citie
of
Dwina
,
situate
almost
in
the
mydde
way
betwene
the
spryngs
and
mouthes
of
the
ryuer
,
and
the
castell
of
Pienega
standynge
in
the
very
mouthes
of
Dwina
,
is
vtterly
withowt
townes
and
castels
:
yet
hath
it
many
vyllages
whiche
are
farre
in
sunder
by
reason
of
the
barennesse
of
the
soyle
.
&c.
In
an
other
place
he
wryteth
,
that
Suchana
and
Iug
,
after
they
are
ioyned
togyther
in
one
,
loose
theyr
fyrste
names
and
make
the
ryuer
Dwina
.
&c.
But
lette
vs
nowe
returne
to
the
hystone
of
Paulus
Iouius
.
Unto
Ustiuga
,
from
the
Permians
,
Pecerrians
,
Inugrians
,
Rych
furres
.
Ugolicans
,
and
Pinnegians
,
people
inhabytynge
the
north
and
northeast
prouinces
,
are
brought
the
precious
furres
of
Marterns
and
Sables
:
Also
the
cases
of
woulfes
and
foxes
both
whyte
and
blacke
:
And
lykewise
the
skynnes
of
the
beastes
cauled
Ceruarii
Lupi
(
that
is
)
harte
woolfes
,
Lupi
Ceruarii
beinge
engendered
eyther
of
a
woolfe
and
a
hynde
,
or
a
harte
and
a
bytch
woolfe
.
These
furres
and
skyns
.
they
exchange
for
dyuers
other
wares
.
The
best
kynde
of
sables
and
of
the
finest
heare
wherwith
nowe
the
vestures
of
princes
are
lyned
,
Sables
.
and
the
tender
neckes
of
delicate
dames
are
couered
with
the
expresse
similitude
of
the
lyuynge
beaste
,
are
brought
by
the
Permians
and
Pecerrians
,
whiche
they
them selues
also
receaue
at
the
handes
of
other
that
inhab●te
the
regions
neare
vnto
the
north
Ocean
.
The
Permians
and
Pecerrians
,
a
lyttle
before
owre
tyme
,
dyd
sacrifice
to
Idols
after
the
maner
of
the
Gentyles
:
The
mountaines
cauled
hiperbore●
.
but
doo
nowe
acknowleage
Chryste
theyr
God
.
The
passage
to
the
Inugrians
,
and
Ugolicans
,
is
by
certeyne
rowgh
〈…〉
,
which
perhappes
are
they
that
in
owlde
tyme
we●e
c●uled
Hyperborei
.
In
the
toppes
of
these
,
are
founde
the
be●●e
kyndes
of
Falcons
:
whereof
one
kynde
(
cauled
Herodiu●
)
is
whyte
with
spotted
fethers
.
haukes
of
diuers
kyndes
.
There
are
also
ierfalcons
,
sakers
,
and
peregrines
,
whiche
were
vnknowen
to
the
ancient
princes
in
theyr
excessiue
and
nise
plea●ures
.
Beyo●de
those
people
whom
I
last
named
(
beinge
all
tributar●es
to
the
kinges
of
Moscouia
)
are
other
nations
the
last
of
men
,
not
knowen
by
any
viages
of
the
Moscouites
,
forasmuche
as
none
of
theym
h●ue
passed
to
the
Ocean
,
The
passage
from
Mo●couia
to
cathay
.
and
are
therefore
knowen
onely
by
the
fabulous
narrations
of
marchauntes
.
Yet
is
it
ap●arente
that
the
ryuer
of
Diuidna
or
Dwina
,
drawynge
with
it
innumerable
other
ryuers
,
runneth
with
a
vehement
course
towarde
the
northe
:
and
that
the
sea
is
there
exceadyng
large
:
so
that
saylyng
by
the
coast
of
the
ryght
hande
,
shippes
may
haue
passage
from
thense
to
Cathay
as
is
thought
by
most
lykely
coniecture
,
Cathay
.
excepte
there
lye
sum
lande
in
the
waye
.
For
the
region
of
Cathay
per●eyneth
to
th
extreme
and
furtheste
partes
of
the
Easte
,
situate
almost
in
the
paralell
of
Thracia
,
Master
Eliot
cauleth
Cathay
the
region
of
siuarum
.
and
knowen
to
the
Portugales
in
India
when
they
sayled
neare
thereunto
by
the
regions
of
Sinara
and
Malacha
to
Aurea
Chersonesus
,
and
brought
from
thense
certeyne
vestures
made
of
Sables
skynnes
,
by
which
only
argument
it
is
apparente
that
the
citie
of
Cathay
is
not
farre
from
the
coastes
of
Scythia
.
The
Gothes
subuerted
the
Romane
Empire
.
But
when
Demetrius
was
demaunded
whether
eyther
by
the
monumentes
of
letters
or
by
fame
lefte
theym
of
theyr
predicessours
,
they
hadde
any
knowleage
of
the
gothes
who
nowe
more
then
a
thousand
yeares
sence
subuerted
Th
empire
of
the
Romane
Emperours
,
and
defaced
the
citie
of
Rome
,
he
answered
,
The
north
regions
con●pired
ageinst
the
Romans
.
that
both
the
nation
of
the
Gothes
of
the
name
of
kynge
Totilas
theyr
chiefe
capitayne
,
was
of
famous
memorie
amonge
them
:
And
that
dyuers
nations
of
the
north
regions
conspired
to
that
expedition
,
and
especiallye
the
Moscouites
:
Also
that
that
armie
increased
of
the
confluence
of
the
Barbarous
Liuons
and
wanderynge
Tartars
:
But
that
they
were
all
cauled
Gothes
forasmuch
as
the
Gothes
that
inhabited
Scondania
and
Iselande
,
were
the
auctoures
of
that
inuasion
.
Moscouia
And
with
these
boundes
are
the
Moscouites
inclosed
on
euery
side
,
whom
we
thinke
to
be
those
people
that
Ptolome
cauled
Modocas
:
but
haue
doubtelesse
at
this
day
their
name
of
the
riuer
Mosco
whiche
runneth
through
the
chiefe
citie
Mosca
named
also
after
the
same
.
The
citie
of
Mosca
.
This
is
the
most
famous
citie
in
Moscouia
,
aswell
for
the
situation
thereof
beinge
in
maner
in
the
myddest
of
the
region
,
as
also
for
the
commodious
oportunitie
of
ryuers
,
multitude
of
houses
,
and
stronge
fense
of
so
fayre
and
goodly
a
castell
.
For
the
citie
is
extended
with
a
longe
tracte
of
buyldynges
by
the
bankes
of
the
ryuer
for
the
space
of
fyue
myles
.
The
houses
are
made
all
of
tymber
,
and
are
diuided
into
parlers
,
chambers
,
&
kichins
of
large
roomes
:
yet
neyther
of
vnseemely
height
or
to
lowe
,
but
of
decent
measure
and
proportion
.
Richard
chast
celer
toulde
me
that
these
mastes
are
sumwhat
holowe
on
the
one
syde
,
and
that
the
hole
syde
of
the
next
entereth
into
the
same
wherby
they
lye
very
close
For
they
haue
greate
trees
apte
for
the
purpose
browght
from
the
foreste
of
Hercinia
?
of
the
which
,
made
perfectly
rounde
like
the
mastes
of
shippes
,
and
so
layde
one
vppon
an
other
that
they
ioyne
at
the
endes
in
right
angles
,
where
beinge
made
very
faste
and
sure
,
they
frame
theyr
houses
thereof
of
maruelous
strength
with
smaule
charges
and
in
verye
short
tyme
.
In
maner
all
the
houses
haue
priuate
gardens
aswell
for
pleasure
as
commoditie
of
herbes
,
wherby
the
circuite
of
the
dispersed
citie
appeareth
very
greate
.
All
the
wardes
or
quarters
of
the
citie
,
haue
theire
peculiar
chappells
.
But
in
the
chiefest
and
highest
place
therof
,
is
the
Church
of
owre
ladi
of
ample
and
goodly
workemanshyppe
,
whiche
Aristoteles
of
Bononie
,
a
man
of
singular
knowleadge
and
experience
in
architecture
,
buylded
more
then
.lx.
yeares
sence
.
At
the
very
head
of
the
citie
,
The
castel
of
Mo●ca
.
a
little
ryuer
cauled
Neglina
which
dryueth
many
corne
mylles
,
enteryth
into
the
ryuer
Moscus
,
and
maketh
almost
an
Iland
,
in
whose
end
is
the
castell
with
many
strong
towrs
and
bullwarkes
,
buylded
very
fayre
by
the
diuise
of
Italien
architecturs
that
are
the
masters
of
the
kinges
workes
.
In
the
fieldes
abowt
the
citie
,
is
an
incredible
multitud
o●
hares
and
roe
buckes
,
whitehares
and
roe
bu●kes
.
the
which
it
is
lawefull
for
no
man
to
chase
or
persue
with
dogges
or
nettes
excepte
only
certeyne
of
the
kinges
familiars
and
straunge
ambassadours
to
whom
he
giueth
licence
by
speciall
commaundement
.
Almost
three
partes
of
the
citie
is
inuironed
with
two
ryuers
,
and
the
resytus
with
a
large
mote
that
receaueth
plentie
of
water
frome
the
sayde
ryuers
.
The
citie
is
also
defended
on
the
other
syde
with
an
other
ryuer
named
Iausa
,
whiche
fauleth
also
into
Moscus
a
little
beneath
the
citie
.
Furthermore
Moscus
runnyng
towarde
the
South
,
fauleth
into
the
ryuer
Ocha
or
Occa
muche
greater
then
it selfe
at
the
towne
Columna
,
The
ryuer
Ocha
.
and
not
very
farre
from
thense
Ocha
it selfe
increased
with
other
riuers
,
vnladeth
his
streames
in
the
famous
riuer
Uolga
,
Uolga
.
wher
at
the
place
where
they
ioyne
,
is
situate
the
citie
of
Nouogrodia
the
lesse
,
Nouogrodia
.
so
named
in
respecte
of
the
greater
citie
of
that
name
from
whense
was
browght
the
firste
colonie
of
the
lesse
citie
.
Uolga
cauled
in
owlde
tyme
Rha
,
Rha.
hath
his
originall
of
the
greate
marysshes
named
the
white
lakes
.
The
whyte
lakes
.
These
are
aboue
Moscouia
betwene
the
Northe
and
the
West
,
and
sende
furthe
from
them
almost
all
the
ryuers
that
are
dispersed
into
dyuers
regions
on
euery
syde
,
as
wee
see
of
the
Alpes
from
whose
toppes
and
sprynges
descend
the
waters
of
whose
concourse
the
ryuers
of
Rhene
,
Po
,
and
Rodanum
,
haue
theyr
increase
.
For
these
marysshes
in
the
steade
of
mountaynes
ful
of
sprynges
,
minister
abundant
moysture
,
forasmuch
as
no
mountaynes
are
yet
founde
in
that
region
by
the
longe
trauayles
of
men
,
in
so
much
that
manye
that
haue
byn
studious
of
the
owlde
Cosmographie
,
suppose
the
Ryphean
and
Hyperborean
mountaynes
so
often
mentioned
of
the
ancient
writers
,
The
Ryphean
&
hyperborean
mountaynes
.
to
bee
fabulous
.
From
these
marysshes
therfore
,
the
ryuers
of
Dwina
,
Ocha
,
Moschus
,
Uolga
,
Tanais
,
and
Borysthenes
,
haue
theyr
originall
.
The
Tartars
caule
Uolga
Edel
:
Tanais
they
caule
Don
:
And
Borysthenes
is
at
this
day
cauled
Neper
.
Tanais
and
Boristhenes
.
This
,
a
lyttle
beneathe
Taurica
,
runneth
into
the
sea
Euxinus
.
The
sea
Euxinus
.
Tanais
is
receaued
of
the
marysshes
of
Meotis
at
the
noble
marte
towne
Azoum
.
But
Uolga
leauynge
the
citie
of
Moscha
towarde
the
south
,
and
runnynge
with
a
large
circuite
and
greate
wyndynges
and
creekes
first
towarde
the
Easte
,
then
to
the
West
,
and
lastly
to
the
south
,
fauleth
with
a
full
streame
into
the
Caspian
or
Hyrcan
sea
.
The
Caspian
sea
.
Aboue
the
mouth
of
this
,
is
a
citie
of
the
Tartars
cauled
Cytrachan
,
which
sum
caule
Astrachan
,
Astrachan
.
where
martes
are
kepte
by
the
marchauntes
of
Media
,
Media
.
Armenia
,
Armenia
.
and
Persia.
Persia.
On
the
further
banke
of
Uolga
,
there
is
a
towne
of
the
Tartars
cauled
Casan
,
Casan
.
of
the
which
the
Horda
of
the
Casanite
Tartars
tooke
theyr
name
.
It
is
distante
from
the
mouth
of
Uolga
&
the
Caspian
sea
fyue
hundreth
myles
.
Aboue
Casan
.
Cl.
myles
at
the
enteraunce
of
the
ryuer
Sura
,
Sura
.
Basilius
that
now
reigneth
,
buylded
a
towne
cauled
Surcium
,
Surcium
.
to
th
intente
that
in
those
desertes
,
the
marchauntes
and
trauailers
which
certifie
the
gouernours
of
the
marches
of
the
doinges
of
the
Tartars
and
the
maners
of
that
vnquiet
nation
,
may
haue
a
safe
mansion
amonge
theyr
customers
.
Themperours
of
Moscouia
at
dyuers
tymes
,
eyther
moued
therto
by
occasion
of
thynges
presente
,
or
for
the
desyre
they
had
to
nobilitate
newe
and
obscure
places
,
haue
kepte
the
seate
of
theyr
courte
and
Empire
in
dyuers
cities
.
For
Nouogrodia
whiche
lyeth
towarde
the
Weste
and
the
Lyuon
sea
,
Nouogrodi●
.
not
many
yeares
past
,
was
the
headde
citie
of
Moscouia
,
&
obteyned
euer
the
chiefe
dignitie
by
reason
of
the
incredible
number
of
houses
and
edifies
,
with
the
oportunitie
of
the
large
lake
replenysshed
with
fysshe
,
and
also
for
the
fame
of
the
moste
auncient
and
venerable
temple
whiche
more
then
foure
hundreth
yeres
sence
was
dedicated
to
Sancta
Sophia
Chryste
the
soonne
of
God
,
The
temple
of
Sancta
Sophia
.
accordynge
to
the
custome
of
the
Emprours
of
Bizantium
nowe
cauled
Constantinople
.
Nouogrodia
is
oppressed
in
maner
with
continuall
wynter
and
darkenesse
of
longe
nyghtes
.
The
eleuation
of
the
pole
at
Nouogrodia
,
&
Moscouia
.
For
it
hath
the
pole
Artike
eleuate
aboue
the
Horizon
threescore
and
foure
degrees
:
and
is
further
from
the
Equinoctiall
then
Moscouia
by
almoste
.vi.
degrees
.
By
whiche
dyfference
of
heauen
,
it
is
sayde
that
at
the
soommer
steye
of
the
soonne
,
it
is
burnte
with
continuall
heate
by
reason
of
the
shorte
nyghtes
.
heate
by
reason
of
short
nyghtes
.
The
citie
also
of
Uolodemaria
,
The
citie
of
Uolodemaria
beinge
more
then
twoo
hundreth
myles
distant
from
Mosca
towarde
the
Easte
,
had
the
name
of
the
chiefe
citie
and
kynges
towne
,
whyther
the
seate
of
Th
empire
was
translated
by
the
valiant
Emperours
for
necessarie
considerations
,
that
such
ayde
,
furniture
,
and
requisites
as
appperteyne
to
the
warres
myght
bee
neare
at
hande
at
suche
tyme
as
they
kepte
continuall
warre
ageynste
the
Tartars
theyr
bortherers
.
For
it
is
situate
withowt
Uolga
,
on
the
bankes
of
the
ryuer
Clesma
,
whiche
fauleth
into
Uolga
.
But
Moscha
,
The
citie
of
Moscha
.
aswell
for
those
gyftes
and
commodities
whereof
we
haue
spoken
,
as
also
that
it
is
situate
in
the
myddest
of
the
most
frequented
place
of
all
the
region
and
Empire
,
and
defended
with
the
ryuer
and
Castel
,
hath
in
comparyson
to
other
cities
byn
thowght
moste
woorthy
to
bee
esteemed
for
the
chiefe
.
Mo●cha
is
distant
from
Nouogrodia
fiue
hundreth
myles
:
and
almost
in
the
mydde
way
is
the
citie
of
Ottoferia
(
otherwyse
cauled
Otwer
or
Tuwer
)
vppon
the
ryuer
of
Uolga
.
Otteferis
.
Uolga
.
This
ryuer
neare
vnto
the
fountaynes
and
springes
of
the
same
,
not
yet
increased
by
receauyng
so
many
other
ryuers
,
runneth
but
slowely
and
gentelly
:
And
passeth
from
thense
to
Nouogrodia
through
many
wooddes
and
desolate
playnes
.
Furthermore
frome
Nouogrodia
to
Riga
the
nexte
porte
of
the
Sarmatian
●ea
,
Riga
.
is
the
iornay
of
a
thousand
myles
lyttle
more
or
lesse
.
This
tracte
is
thought
to
bee
more
commodious
then
the
other
,
bycause
it
hath
manye
townes
and
the
citie
of
Plescouia
in
the
waye
,
The
citie
of
Plescouia
.
beinge
imbrased
with
two
ryuers
.
From
Riga
(
perteynynge
to
the
dominion
of
the
greate
master
of
the
warres
of
the
Liuons
)
to
the
citie
of
Lubecke
a
porte
of
Germanie
in
the
goulfe
of
Cymbrica
Chersonesus
(
nowe
cauled
Denmarke
)
are
numbered
aboute
a
thousande
myles
of
daungerous
saylynge
.
The
citie
of
Lubeke
.
From
Rome
to
the
citie
of
Moscha
,
Frome
Rome
to
Moscouia
.
the
distance
is
knowen
to
bee
two
thousande
and
syxe
hundreth
miles
by
the
nearest
way
passynge
by
Rauenna
,
Taruisium
,
the
Alpes
of
Carnica
:
Also
Uillacum
,
Noricum
,
and
Uienna
of
Pannonie
:
and
from
thense
(
passynge
ouer
the
ryuer
of
Danubius
)
to
Olmutium
of
the
Marouians
and
to
Craconia
the
chiefe
citie
of
Polonie
,
are
coumpted
.xi.
hundreth
myles
.
From
Cracouia
to
Uilna
the
headde
citie
of
Lithuania
,
are
coumpted
fiue
hundreth
myles
:
and
as
many
from
that
citie
to
Smolenzko
situate
beyonde
Borysthenes
,
from
whense
to
Moscha
are
coumpted
syxe
hundreth
myles
.
The
iorney
frome
Uilna
by
Smolenzko
to
Moscha
,
wynter
trauayle
by
ise
&
sn●we
.
is
trauayled
in
wynter
with
expedite
sleades
and
incredible
celeritie
vppon
the
snowes
hard●ned
with
longe
froste
and
compacte
lyke
Ise
by
reason
of
muche
wearynge
.
But
in
soommer
,
the
playnes
can
not
bee
ouerpassed
but
by
difficulte
and
laborious
trauayle
.
For
when
the
snowes
by
the
continuall
heate
of
the
soonne
begyn
to
melte
and
dissolue
,
they
cause
greate
marysshes
and
quamyres
able
to
intangle
bothe
horse
and
man
,
Marysshes
in
sommer
.
were
it
not
that
wayes
are
made
throwgh
the
same
with
brydges
and
causeys
of
wood
,
and
almost
infinite
laboure
.
Other
writers
denye
this
.
In
all
the
region
of
Moscouia
,
there
is
no
vayne
or
mine
of
golde
or
syluer
,
or
any
other
common
metall
excepte
iren
:
neyther
yet
is
there
any
token
of
precious
stones
.
And
therefore
they
bye
all
those
thynges
of
straungers
.
Neuerthelesse
,
this
iniurie
of
nature
is
recompensed
with
abundaunce
of
rich
furres
,
Riche
furres
.
whose
price
by
the
wanton
nisenesse
of
men
is
growne
to
such
excesse
that
the
furres
perteynynge
to
one
sorte
of
apparell
,
The
price
of
furres
,
are
nowe
soulde
for
a
thousande
crownes
.
But
the
tyme
hath
byn
that
these
haue
byn
bought
better
chepe
when
the
furthest
nations
of
the
north
beinge
ignorant
of
owr
nyse
finenesse
and
breathyng
desyre
toward
effeminate
and
superfluous
pleasures
,
exchanged
the
same
with
muche
simplicitie
often
tymes
for
tryfles
and
thynges
of
smaule
value
:
In
so
muche
that
commonly
the
Permians
and
Pecerrians
,
were
accustomed
to
gyue
so
many
skynnes
of
Sables
for
an
Iren
axe
or
hatchet
as
beinge
tyed
harde
togyther
,
how
many
s●bles
skynnes
for
an
axe
.
the
marchauntes
of
Moscouia
coulde
drawe
through
the
hole
where
the
hafte
or
handyll
entereth
into
the
same
.
But
the
Moscou●tes
sende
into
all
partes
of
Europe
the
best
kynde
of
flaxe
to
make
lynnen
clothe
,
Flax.
and
hempe
for
ropes
:
Also
many
oxe
hydes
,
O●e
hydes
.
and
exceadynge
great
masses
of
waxe
.
waxe
.
They
proudely
denye
that
the
Romane
churche
obteyneth
the
principate
and
preeminent
autoritie
of
all
other
.
They
so
abhorre
the
nation
of
the
Iewes
,
Thei
abhorre
the
Iewes
.
that
they
detest
the
memorie
of
them
,
and
wyll
in
no
condition
admitte
them
to
dwell
within
theyr
dominions
:
esteemyng
them
as
wycked
and
mischeuous
people
that
haue
of
late
tawght
the
Turkes
to
make
gunnes
.
Besyde
the
bookes
that
they
haue
of
the
ancient
Greeke
doctours
,
Their
bokes
and
religion
.
they
haue
also
the
commentaries
and
homelies
of
saynt
Ambrose
,
Augustine
,
Ierome
,
and
Gregorie
,
translated
into
the
Illirian
or
Slauon
tounge
whiche
agreeth
with
theyrs
.
For
they
vse
bothe
the
Slauon
tounge
and
letters
,
as
doo
also
the
Sclauons
,
Dalmates
,
Bohemes
,
Pollones
,
and
Lithuanes
.
This
tounge
is
spredde
further
then
any
oth●r
at
this
day
.
The
Sclauon
tounge
spred
further
then
any
other
.
For
it
is
familyar
at
Constantinople
in
the
courte
of
the
Emperours
of
the
Turkes
:
and
was
of
late
harde
in
Egypte
amonge
the
Mamalukes
in
the
court
of
the
Soltane
of
Alcayre
otherwyse
cauled
Memphis
or
Babilon
in
Egipte
.
A
greate
number
of
bookes
of
holy
scripture
a●e
translated
into
this
tounge
by
th
industrie
of
saynte
Ierome
and
Cyrillus
.
Furthermore
,
besyde
the
hystories
of
theyr
owne
countreys
,
●●●nte
Ierome
was
borne
in
●alman●
nowe
c●uled
Sclauonia
.
they
haue
also
bookes
conteynyng
the
factes
of
great
Alexander
and
the
Romane
Emperours
,
and
lyk●wyse
of
Marcus
Antonius
and
Cleopatra
.
They
haue
no
maner
of
knowleage
of
philosophie
,
Astronomie
,
or
sp●culatiue
phisicke
with
other
liberall
sciences
:
But
such
are
taken
for
phisitians
as
professe
that
they
haue
often
times
obserued
the
vertue
and
qualitie
of
sum
vnknowen
herbe
.
They
number
the
yeares
,
not
from
the
byrth
of
Chryste
,
but
from
the
begynnynge
of
the
worlde
.
howe
they
number
the
yeares
.
And
this
they
begin
to
accoumpte
,
not
frome
the
monethe
of
Ianuary
,
but
from
September
.
They
haue
fewe
and
simple
lawes
throwghe
owte
all
the
kyngedome
,
Fewe
and
simple
lawes
made
by
the
equitie
and
conscience
of
theyr
princes
,
and
approued
by
the
consent
of
wyse
and
good
men
:
and
are
therfore
greatly
for
the
welthe
and
quyetnesse
of
the
people
forasmuch
as
it
is
not
lawfull
to
peruerte
them
with
any
interpretations
or
cauillations
of
lawyers
or
atturneys
.
They
punyshe
theues
,
rouers
,
priuie
pyckers
,
and
murtherers
.
When
they
examine
malefactours
,
they
poure
a
great
quantitie
of
coulde
water
vppon
suche
as
they
suspecte
,
whiche
they
say
to
bee
an
intollerable
kynde
of
tormente
.
But
sumtymes
they
manacle
suche
as
are
stoborne
,
and
wyll
not
confesse
apparent
crymes
.
Theyr
youth
is
exercised
in
dyuers
kyndes
of
games
and
plays
resembelyng
the
warres
,
The
exercise
of
youth
.
wherby
they
both
practise
pollicie
and
increase
theyr
strength
.
They
vse
runnynge
both
on
horsebacke
and
afoote
.
Also
runnynge
at
the
tylte
,
wrestelynge
,
and
especially
shootynge
.
Shootynge
.
For
they
gyue
rewardes
to
suche
as
excell
therin
.
The
Moscouites
are
vniuersally
of
meane
stature
,
The
corporature
of
the
Moscouites
.
yet
very
square
set
and
myghtyly
brawned
.
They
haue
al
grey
eyes
longe
beardes
,
shorte
legges
,
and
bygge
bellyes
.
They
ryde
very
shorte
,
and
shoote
backewarde
very
cunnyngely
euen
as
they
flye
.
At
home
in
theyr
houses
,
theyr
fare
is
rather
plentifull
then
deyntie
.
For
theyr
tables
are
furnysshed
for
a
smaule
price
with
all
suche
kyndes
of
meates
as
may
bee
desyred
of
such
as
are
gyuen
to
most
excessiue
gluttony
.
Theyr
fare
.
Hennes
and
duckes
are
bought
for
lyttle
syluer
pense
the
piece
.
There
is
incredible
plentie
of
beastes
and
cattayle
bothe
greate
and
smaule
.
The
flesshe
of
biefe
that
is
kylled
in
the
myddeste
of
wynter
,
is
so
congeled
and
frosen
,
that
it
putrifiethe
not
for
the
space
of
two
moonethes
.
Flesshe
preserued
longe
by
reason
of
coulde
.
Theyr
beste
and
moste
delicate
dysshes
,
are
gotten
by
huntynge
and
haukynge
as
with
vs
.
haukyng
and
huntynge
.
For
they
take
all
sortes
of
wylde
beastes
with
houndes
and
dyuers
kyndes
of
nettes
.
And
with
falcons
and
erens
or
eagles
of
a
marueylous
kynde
whiche
the
region
of
Pecerra
bryngeth
furth
vnto
them
,
they
take
not
onely
fesantes
and
wylde
duckes
,
but
also
cranes
and
wylde
swannes
.
They
take
also
a
foule
of
darke
coloure
abowte
the
byggenes
of
a
goose
with
redde
ouerbrowes
,
whose
flesshe
in
taste
passeth
the
pleasauntnesse
of
Pheasauntes
.
These
in
the
Moscouites
tounge
are
cauled
Tetrao
,
whiche
I
suppose
to
bee
the
same
that
Plinie
cauleth
Erythratao
,
knowen
to
the
people
of
the
Alpes
,
and
especially
to
the
Rhetians
which
inhabite
the
laundes
abowte
the
sprynges
of
the
ryuer
Abdua
.
The
ryuer
of
Uolga
ministreth
vnto
them
great
fysshes
and
of
pleasaunte
taste
:
Plentie
of
fysshe
.
especially
sturgions
or
rather
a
kynde
of
fysshe
lyke
vnto
sturgions
:
whiche
in
the
wynter
season
beinge
inclosed
in
Ise
,
are
longe
reserued
fresshe
and
vncorrupte
.
Fysshe
longe
reserued
in
Ise.
Of
other
kindes
of
fysshes
,
they
take
in
maner
an
incredible
multitude
in
the
whyte
lakes
whereof
wee
haue
spoken
before
.
And
wheras
they
vtterly
lacke
natiue
wynes
,
wyne
.
they
vse
suche
as
are
browght
from
other
places
.
And
this
only
in
certeyne
feastes
and
holy
misteries
.
Especially
the
pleasaunte
Maluasies
of
the
Iland
of
Creta
nowe
cauled
Candy
,
Maluasie
.
are
had
in
moste
honoure
:
and
vsed
eyther
as
medicens
or
for
a
shewe
of
excessiue
aboundaunce
,
forasmuche
as
it
is
in
maner
a
miracle
that
wynes
browght
frome
Candy
by
the
streyghtes
of
Hercules
pillers
and
the
Ilandes
of
Gades
,
All
the
north
parte
of
the
firme
lande
was
cauled
Scythia
●nd
the
people
Scythyans
.
&
tossed
with
such
fluddes
of
the
inclosed
Ocean
,
shulde
be
droonke
amonge
the
Scythyan
snowes
in
theyr
natiue
puritie
and
pleasauntnesse
.
The
common
people
drinke
mede
made
of
hony
&
hoppes
sodden
together
,
whiche
they
keepe
longe
in
pytched
barrells
where
the
goodnes
increaseth
with
age
.
They
vse
also
beere
and
ale
as
doo
the
Germanes
and
Polones
.
They
are
acustomed
for
delycatenes
n●
sommer
to
coole
theyr
beere
and
mede
with
puttynge
Ise
therin
,
Drynke
cooled
with
Ise.
whiche
the
noble
men
reserue
in
theyr
sellars
in
great
quantite
for
the
same
purpose
.
Summe
there
are
that
delyte
greately
in
the
iuse
that
is
pressed
owte
of
cherries
before
they
bee
full
rype
:
wyne
of
cherryes
.
whiche
they
affyrme
to
haue
the
coloure
of
cleare
and
ruddy
wyne
with
a
verye
pleasaunte
taste
.
Theyr
wyues
and
women
,
Their
women
.
are
not
with
them
in
suche
honoure
as
they
are
in
other
nations
.
For
they
vse
them
in
maner
in
the
place
of
seruantes
.
The
noble
men
and
gentelmen
,
doo
diligently
obserue
theyr
walkes
and
haue
an
eye
to
their
chastitie
.
They
are
seldom
bydden
furth
to
any
feastes
:
nether
are
permytted
to
resorte
to
churches
farre
of
,
or
to
walke
abrode
withowt
sum
grea●e
consyderation
.
But
the
common
sorte
of
women
,
are
easely
and
for
a
smaule
price
allured
to
lecherye
euen
of
straungers
:
by
reason
wherof
,
the
gentelmen
doo
lyttle
or
nothynge
esteme
them
.
Iohn
the
father
of
kynge
Basilius
dyed
more
then
.xx.
yeares
sence
.
He
maryed
Sophia
the
doughter
of
Thomas
Paleologus
who
reigned
farre
in
P●loponnesus
(
now
cauled
Morea
)
and
was
brother
to
Th
emperoure
of
constantinople
.
Thomas
Paleologus
.
Shee
was
then
at
Rome
when
Thomas
her
father
was
dryuen
owte
of
Grecia
by
the
Turckes
.
The
conquest
of
the
turkes
in
Grecia
.
Of
her
were
fyue
chyldren
borne
,
as
Basilius
hym selfe
,
George
,
Demetrius
,
Symeon
,
and
Andreas
.
Basilius
tooke
to
wyfe
Salomonia
the
doughter
of
George
Soborouius
a
man
of
synguler
fideli●ie
and
wysdome
&
one
of
hys
counsayle
.
The
excellent
vertues
of
wh●ch
woman
,
only
barennesse
ob●cured
.
When
the
prynces
of
Moscouia
delyberat
to
marie
,
theyr
custome
is
to
haue
choyse
of
the
vyrgynes
in
the
realme
,
how
the
Princes
chu●e
theyr
wyues
.
&
to
cause
suche
as
are
of
most
fayre
and
bewtyfull
vysage
and
personage
with
maners
&
vertues
accordyng
,
to
bee
browght
before
them
.
Which
afterwarde
they
committe
to
certayne
faythful
men
and
graue
matrones
to
bee
furder
vewed
,
in
so
muche
that
they
leaue
no
parte
of
them
vnserched
.
Of
these
,
shee
whome
the
prynce
moste
lyketh
,
is
pronounced
worthy
to
bee
hys
wyfe
,
not
withowt
greate
and
carefull
expectation
of
theyr
parentes
,
lyuynge
for
that
tyme
betwene
hope
and
feare
.
The
other
vyrgyns
also
which
stoode
in
election
and
contended
in
bewty
and
integritie
of
maners
,
are
often
times
the
same
day
to
gratyfye
the
prynce
,
maryed
to
hys
noble
men
,
gentellmen
,
and
capytaynes
:
wherby
it
sumtymes
commeth
to
passe
that
whyle
the
princes
contemne
the
lynage
of
roiall
descente
,
suche
as
are
borne
of
humble
parentage
,
are
exalted
to
the
degree
of
princely
estate
,
In
lyke
maner
as
Themperours
of
the
turckes
were
accustomed
to
bee
chosen
by
cumlynesse
of
personage
and
warly
prowes
.
Basilius
was
vnder
th
age
of
forty
and
seuen
yeares
,
Duke
Basilius
.
of
cu●ly
personage
,
singuler
vertue
,
and
princely
qualities
,
by
all
meanes
studyous
for
the
prosperitie
and
commodities
of
hys
subiectes
.
Furthermore
in
beneuolence
,
lyberalytie
and
good
successe
in
hys
doynges
,
to
bee
preferred
before
his
progenitours
.
For
when
he
hadde
.vi.
yeares
kepte
warre
with
the
Lyuons
that
moued
.lxxii.
confetherate
cities
to
the
cause
of
that
warre
,
he
obteyned
the
victorie
and
departed
with
fewe
conditions
of
peace
rather
gyuen
then
accepted
.
war
betwene
the
Polones
and
Mo●chouites
.
Also
at
the
begynnynge
of
his
reigne
,
he
put
the
Polones
to
flight
and
tooke
prisoner
Constantine
the
capitayne
of
the
Ruthens
whom
he
brought
to
Moscouia
tyed
in
chaynes
.
But
shortly
after
at
the
ryuer
Boristhenes
aboue
the
citie
of
Orsa
,
he
hym selfe
was
ouercomne
in
a
great
battayle
by
the
same
Constantine
whom
he
hadde
dismissed
:
Yet
so
,
that
the
towne
of
Smolenzko
whiche
the
Moscouites
possessed
before
and
was
nowe
woonne
by
the
Polons
,
s●ulde
styll
perteyne
to
the
dominions
of
Basilius
.
But
ageynste
the
Tartars
,
war
betwene
the
Moschouites
&
Tartars
.
and
especially
the
Tartars
of
Europe
cauled
the
Precopites
,
the
Moscouites
haue
often
tymes
kepte
warre
with
good
successe
,
in
reuenge
of
th
iniuries
doone
to
them
by
theyr
incursions
.
Basilius
is
accustomed
to
brynge
to
the
fielde
more
then
a
hundreth
and
fiftie
thousande
horsemen
deuided
into
three
bandes
and
folowynge
the
banners
or
enseignes
of
theyr
capitaynes
in
order
of
battayle
.
The
Moscouit●s
army
.
Their
banner
.
On
the
banner
of
the
kynges
wynge
,
is
figured
the
image
of
Iosue
the
capitaine
of
the
Hebrewes
at
whose
prayer
the
soonne
prolonged
the
daye
and
steyde
his
course
as
wytnesse
the
hystories
of
holye
scripture
.
Armies
of
footemen
are
in
maner
to
no
vse
in
those
great
wyldernesses
,
aswel
for
theyr
apparel
beinge
loose
and
longe
,
as
also
for
the
custome
of
theyr
enemies
,
who
in
theyr
warres
truste
rather
to
the
swyftenesse
of
theyr
lyght
horses
then
to
trye
the
matter
in
a
pyght
fyelde
.
Theyr
horses
are
of
lesse
then
meane
stature
:
Their
horses
and
horsme●
.
but
verye
stronge
and
●wyfte
.
Theyr
horsemen
are
armed
with
pykes
,
ryuettes
,
mases
of
Iren
and
arrowes
.
Fewe
haue
hooked
swoordes
.
Theire
armure
.
Theyr
bodies
are
defended
with
rounde
Targets
after
the
maner
of
the
Turkes
of
Asia
:
or
with
bendyng
and
cornarde
targettes
after
the
maner
of
the
Greekes
:
Also
with
coates
of
mayle
,
brygantynes
,
and
sharpe
helmettes
.
Basilius
dyd
furthermore
instytute
a
band
of
hargabusiers
on
horsbacke
:
hargabusiers
.
and
caused
many
greate
brasen
pieces
to
bee
made
by
the
woorkemanshype
of
certeyne
Italyans
:
Gunnes
.
and
the
same
with
theyr
stockes
&
wheeles
to
bee
placed
in
the
castell
of
Mosca
.
The
kynge
hym selfe
with
pryncely
magnyfycence
&
synguler
familiaritie
(
wherwith
neuerthelesse
no
parte
of
the
maiestie
of
a
kynge
is
vyolate
)
is
accustomed
to
dyne
openly
with
hys
noble
men
and
straunge
ambassadours
in
hys
owne
chamber
of
presence
where
is
seene
A
meruelous
quantitye
of
syluer
and
gylte
plate
standynge
vppon
two
great
and
high
cubbardes
in
the
same
chamber
.
The
Prince
dyneth
openly
.
Sigismundus
sayth
that
much
of
this
is
golde
.
He
hath
not
abowte
hym
any
other
garde
for
the
custody
of
hys
person
sauynge
only
hys
accustomed
famylye
.
For
watche
and
warde
is
dylygently
kepte
of
the
faythfull
multytude
of
the
citisens
:
In
so
muche
that
euery
warde
or
quarter
of
the
citie
is
inclosed
with
gates
rayles
,
The
custodie
of
the
citie
.
and
barres
:
neyther
is
it
lawfull
for
any
man
rasshely
to
walke
in
the
citie
in
the
nyght
,
or
withowt
lyght
.
All
the
courte
consysteth
of
noble
men
,
The
dukes
courte
.
gentelmen
,
and
choyse
souldyers
which
are
cauled
owte
of
euery
regyon
by
theyre
townes
and
vyllagies
,
and
commaunded
to
wayte
course
by
course
at
certeyne
moonethes
appoynted
.
Furthermore
when
warre
is
proclaymed
,
all
the
armye
is
collected
bothe
of
the
owlde
souldiers
and
by
musterynge
of
newe
in
all
prouynces
.
For
the
lieuetenauntes
and
capytaynes
of
the
armye
,
are
accustomed
in
all
cities
to
muster
the
youth
,
and
to
admytte
to
th
order
of
souldyers
such
as
they
thynke
able
to
serue
the
turne
.
Theyre
wages
is
payde
them
of
the
common
treasurye
of
euery
prouynce
which
is
gathered
and
partely
payde
also
in
the
tyme
of
peace
although
it
bee
but
lyttle
.
Souldyers
wages
of
the
common
treasury
.
But
such
as
are
assigned
to
the
warres
,
are
free
frome
all
tributes
,
and
inioye
certein
other
priuilegies
wherby
they
may
the
more
gladly
&
cherfully
serue
theyr
kynge
and
defend
theyr
contrey
.
For
in
the
tyme
of
warre
,
occacyon
is
mynystred
to
shewe
trewe
vertue
and
manhodde
,
where
in
so
greate
and
necessarie
an
institituon
,
euery
man
accordynge
to
hys
approued
actiuitie
and
ingenyous
forwardnesse
,
may
obteyne
the
fortune
eyther
of
perpetuall
honoure
or
ignominie
.
Vix
olim
vlla
fides
referentibus
horrida
regna
Moschorum
,
&
Ponti
,
res
glacialis
erat
.
Nunc
Iouio
autore
,
ill●
oculis
lustramus
,
et
vrbes
.
Et
nemora
,
et
mon●es
cernimus
et
fluuios
.
Moschouiam
,
monumenta
Ioui
,
tua
culta
reuoluen●
.
Coepi
alios
mund●s
credere
Democriti
.
¶
Other
notable
thynges
as
concernynge
Moscouia
:
gathered
owt
of
the
bookes
of
Sigismundus
Liberus
.
Note
that
when
he
sayth
myles
,
he
meaneth
leaques
.
FRom
whense
Russia
had
the
name
,
Russia
.
there
are
dyuers
opinions
.
Sume
thynke
that
it
was
so
named
of
one
Russus
the
soonne
or
neuie
of
Lech
the
kynge
of
the
Polons
.
Other
affirme
that
it
was
so
cauled
of
a
certeyne
owlde
towne
named
Russus
not
farre
frome
Nouogoroda
or
Nouogardia
the
more
.
Sum
also
thynke
that
it
was
so
cauled
of
the
browne
coloure
of
the
nation
.
The
browne
colour
of
the
Russes
.
But
the
Moscouians
confute
al
these
opinions
as
vntrewe
:
Affirmynge
that
this
nation
was
in
owlde
tyme
cauled
Rosseia
as
a
nation
dispersed
,
as
the
name
it selfe
dooth
declare
.
For
Rosseia
in
the
Ruthens
tounge
,
Rossei●
.
doothe
signifie
dispersed
or
scattered
.
The
which
thynge
to
be
trew
,
dyuers
other
people
commyxt
with
th
inhabitauntes
,
and
dyuers
prouinces
lyinge
here
and
there
betwene
dyuers
partes
of
Russia
doo
playnely
declare
.
But
whense
so
euer
they
tooke
theyr
name
,
doubtlesse
all
the
people
that
vse
the
Slauon
tounge
,
The
Slauon
tounge
spre●d●th
farre
.
and
professe
the
fayth
of
Chryst
after
the
maner
of
the
Greekes
,
(
cauled
in
theyr
common
language
Russi
,
and
in
the
Latin
tounge
Rutheni
)
are
increased
to
suche
a
multytude
that
they
haue
eyther
expulsed
all
the
nations
that
lye
beewene
them
,
or
drawne
them
to
theyr
maner
of
lyuynge
,
in
somuche
that
they
are
nowe
cauled
all
Rutheni
by
one
common
name
.
Furthermore
the
Slauon
tounge
(
whiche
at
this
daye
is
sumwhat
corruptly
cauled
Sclauon
)
runne●h
exceadyng
fa●
,
as
vsed
of
the
Dalmates
,
Bossuenser
,
Croatians
,
Istri●ns
,
and
by
a
longe
tracte
of
the
sea
Adriatike
vnto
Forum
Iulii
:
Of
the
Caruians
also
whome
the
Uenetians
caule
Charsos
:
and
lykewyse
of
the
Carniolans
and
Carinthians
vnto
the
ryuer
Drauus
:
Furthermore
of
the
Stirians
within
Gretzium
and
by
Muera
vnto
Danubius
and
from
thense
of
the
Mysians
,
Seruians
,
Bulgarians
,
and
other
inhabitynge
euen
vnto
Constantinople
:
Furthermore
of
the
Bohemians
,
Lusacians
,
Silesians
,
Moranians
,
and
th
inhabitauntes
neare
vnto
the
ryuer
Uagus
in
the
kyngedome
of
Hungarie
:
The
Polons
also
and
the
Ruthenians
whose
Empire
reacheth
very
farre
:
lykewyse
the
Circasians
and
Quinquemontanians
vnto
Pontus
:
and
is
from
thense
vsed
in
the
north
partes
of
Germanie
amonge
the
remanent
of
the
Uandales
inhabityng
here
and
there
.
Uandales
.
All
whiche
nations
althowgh
they
acknowleage
them selues
to
bee
Sclauons
,
yet
the
Germayns
taking
the
denomination
only
of
the
Uandales
,
caule
al
them
that
vse
the
Slauon
tounge
,
Uuenden
,
Uuinden
,
or
Uuindysh
.
Of
the
Princes
that
nowe
reigne
in
Russia
,
The
P●inces
of
Russia
.
the
chiefe
is
the
great
Duke
of
Moscouia
who
possesseth
the
greatest
part
therof
.
The
seconde
is
the
great
duke
of
Lithuania
:
and
the
thyrde
the
kynge
of
Polonie
,
who
nowe
obteyneth
the
dominion
of
Polonie
and
Lithuania
.
In
autoritie
and
dominion
ouer
his
subiectes
,
the
prince
of
Moscouie
passeth
all
the
monarkes
of
the
worlde
.
The
duke
of
Moscouia
.
For
he
depriueth
all
his
noble
men
and
gentelmen
of
al
theyr
holdes
and
munitions
at
his
pleasure
.
He
trusteth
not
his
owne
brotherne
,
but
oppresseth
all
with
lyke
seruitude
.
In
so
muche
that
whome
so
euer
he
commaundeth
eyther
to
remayne
with
hym
in
the
courte
,
or
to
goo
to
the
warres
,
or
sendeth
on
ambassage
,
they
are
compelled
to
bee
at
theyr
owne
charges
,
excepte
the
younge
gentelmen
the
soonnes
of
the
Boiarons
,
that
is
,
the
noble
men
of
the
lowest
degree
.
He
vsurpeth
this
autoritie
aswell
ouer
the
spiritualtie
as
the
temporaltie
:
constitutynge
what
him
lysteth
of
the
goods
and
lyfe
of
al
men
.
Of
his
counsilers
there
is
not
one
that
dare
dissente
from
hym
in
any
thynge
.
They
openly
confesse
that
the
wyl
of
the
prince
is
the
wyll
of
god
:
and
therfore
caule
hym
the
key
bearer
and
chamberlen
of
god
,
and
beleue
him
to
bee
the
executor
of
gods
wyll
.
By
reason
wherof
,
the
prince
hym selfe
when
any
peticion
is
made
to
hym
for
the
deliuerie
of
any
captiue
,
is
accustomed
accustomed
to
aunswere
:
When
god
commaundeth
he
shal
be
deliuered
.
Lykewyse
when
any
asketh
a
question
of
an
vncerteyne
or
doubtefull
thynge
,
theyr
custome
is
to
answere
thus
:
God
knoweth
and
the
greate
prince
.
It
is
vncerteyne
whether
the
crueltie
and
fiercenes
of
the
nation
doo
requyre
so
tyrannous
a
prince
,
or
whether
by
the
tyranny
of
the
prince
,
the
nation
is
made
so
fierce
and
cruell
.
Basilius
the
soonne
of
Iohn
,
was
the
fyrst
that
tooke
vppon
hym
the
name
and
title
of
a
kynge
in
this
maner
:
The
great
lorde
Basilius
,
by
the
grace
of
god
kynge
and
lorde
of
all
Russia
and
the
greate
duke
of
Uuolodimaria
,
Moscouia
,
Nouogardia
.
&c.
Furthermore
,
wheras
nowe
this
prince
is
cauled
an
Emperour
,
why
the
duke
of
Mo●couia
was
cauled
an
Emperour
I
haue
thought
good
to
shewe
the
tytle
and
cause
of
this
errour
.
Note
therfore
that
Czar
in
the
Ruthens
tounge
signifieth
a
kynge
,
wheras
in
the
language
of
the
Slauons
,
Pollons
,
Bohemes
,
and
other
,
the
same
woorde
Czar
,
signifieth
Cesar
by
whiche
name
Themperours
haue
byn
commonly
cauled
.
For
bothe
they
and
the
Slauons
that
are
vnder
the
kyngdome
of
Hungarie
,
caule
a
kynge
by
an
other
name
:
as
sum
Crall
,
other
Kyrall
,
and
sum
Koroll
:
but
thinke
that
only
an
Emperoure
is
cauled
Czar
.
Whereby
it
came
to
passe
that
the
Ruthene
or
Moscouite
interpretours
hearynge
theyr
prince
to
bee
so
cauled
of
straunge
nations
,
began
them selues
also
to
name
hym
an
Emperour
,
and
thinke
the
name
of
Czar
to
bee
more
worthy
then
the
name
of
a
kynge
,
althowgh
they
signifie
all
one
thynge
.
But
who
so
wyl
reade
all
theyr
hystories
and
bookes
of
holy
scripture
,
The
greate
Turke
.
shall
fynde
that
a
kynge
is
cauled
Czar
,
and
an
Emperour
Kessar
.
By
the
lyke
erroure
Th
emperour
of
the
Turkes
is
cauled
Czar
,
who
neuerthelesse
of
antiquitie
vsed
no
hygher
tytle
then
the
name
of
a
kynge
,
expressed
by
this
woorde
Czar
.
And
hereof
the
Turkes
of
Europe
that
vse
the
Slauon
tounge
,
caule
the
citie
of
Constantinople
Czargead
,
(
that
is
)
the
kynges
citie
.
Sum
caule
the
prince
of
Moscouie
the
whyte
kynge
,
The
whyte
kynge
.
whiche
I
thinke
to
proceade
of
the
whyte
cappes
,
or
other
tyrementes
they
weare
on
theyr
heades
,
lyke
as
they
caule
the
kynge
of
Percia
Kisilpassa
(
that
is
)
redde
headde
.
The
duke
of
Mo●couia
his
ty●le
.
He
vseth
the
tytle
of
a
kynge
when
he
writeth
or
sendeth
to
Rome
,
the
Emperour
,
the
pope
,
the
kynge
of
Suetia
and
Denmacke
,
the
greate
master
of
Prussia
and
Liuonia
,
and
also
to
the
greate
Turke
as
I
haue
byn
credably
informed
:
but
he
is
not
cauled
kynge
of
any
of
them
,
excepte
perhappes
of
the
Liuons
.
Yet
by
reason
of
his
later
conquestes
,
sum
haue
thought
hym
worthy
the
name
of
a
kynge
or
rather
of
an
Emperour
bycause
he
hath
kynges
vnder
his
Empire
.
To
the
kynge
of
Polone
,
he
vseth
this
tytle
:
The
greate
lorde
Basilius
by
the
grace
of
god
,
lorde
of
all
Russia
,
and
greate
duke
of
Uuolodimeria
,
Moscouia
,
Nouogardia
.
&c.
leauynge
owt
the
tytle
of
a
kynge
.
For
none
of
them
vouchesafeth
to
receaue
the
letters
of
the
other
augmented
with
any
new
tytle
,
as
I
knewe
by
experience
at
my
being
in
Moscouia
,
at
which
tyme
Sigismundus
the
kynge
of
Polone
sente
hym
his
letters
augmented
with
the
tytle
of
the
duke
of
Masouia
,
wherwith
he
was
not
a
lyttle
offended
.
They
glorie
in
theyr
hystories
that
before
Uuolodimeria
and
Olha
,
the
lande
of
Ru●sia
was
baptised
and
blessed
of
saynt
Andrewe
th
appostle
of
Chryst
,
Russia
baptysed
by
saynte
Andrewe
the
Apostle
.
affirmynge
that
he
came
from
Grecia
to
the
mouthes
of
the
ryuer
Borysthenes
:
and
that
he
sayled
vppe
the
ryuer
to
the
mountaynes
where
as
is
nowe
Chiouia
;
and
that
there
he
blessed
all
the
lande
and
placed
his
crosse
,
prophesyinge
also
that
the
grace
of
god
shulde
bee
greate
there
,
and
that
there
shulde
bee
many
churches
of
Chrystian
men
:
Lykewyse
that
he
afterwarde
came
to
the
sprynges
of
Borysthenes
vnto
the
great
lake
Uuolok
,
and
by
the
ryuer
Louat
descended
into
the
lake
Ilmer
:
from
whense
by
the
ryuer
Uuolcon
whiche
runneth
owte
of
the
same
lake
,
he
came
to
Nouogardia
:
and
passed
frome
thense
by
the
same
ryuer
to
the
lake
Ladoga
and
the
ryuer
Heua
,
and
so
vnto
the
sea
whiche
they
caule
Uuaretzkoia
,
beinge
the
same
that
we
caule
the
Germayne
sea
,
betwene
Uuinlandia
or
Finlandia
and
Liu●nia
,
by
the
whiche
he
sayled
to
Rome
,
and
was
at
the
laste
crucified
for
Chryste
his
gospell
in
Peloponnesus
by
the
tyranny
of
Agus
Antipater
,
as
theyr
crownacles
make
mention
.
The
prynce
euery
seconde
or
thyrde
yeare
,
causeth
a
muster
to
bee
taken
of
the
soonnes
of
the
Boiarons
,
The
Moscouites
warres
and
takethe
an
accoumpt●
bothe
of
theyr
number
and
howe
many
horses
and
men
euery
of
them
is
able
to
make
:
and
then
appoynteth
a
certeyne
stypende
to
suche
as
are
able
further
to
beare
theyr
owne
charges
in
the
warres
.
They
haue
seldome
any
rest
or
quyetnesse
.
For
they
eyther
keepe
warre
with
the
Lithuanians
.
Liuonians
,
Suetians
,
or
Tartars
of
Casan
.
Or
yf
it
so
chaunce
that
the
prynce
keepe
no
warre
,
yet
dooth
he
yearely
appoynte
garrysons
of
.xx.
thousande
menne
in
places
abowt
Tanais
and
Occa
to
represse
the
incursions
and
robberyes
of
the
European
Tartars
cauled
Precopites
.
As
in
other
matters
,
Dyuers
maners
of
dyuers
people
in
the
ware
.
euen
so
in
th
order
of
warrefare
ther
is
great
diuersitie
amonge
men
.
For
the
Moscouian
as
soone
as
he
begynneth
to
flye
,
thinketh
of
none
other
succoure
but
putteth
all
his
confidence
therein
.
Beinge
pursued
or
taken
of
his
enemie
,
he
neyther
defendeth
him selfe
nor
desirethe
perdon
.
The
Tartar
cast
of
from
his
horse
,
spoyled
of
al
his
armure
&
weapons
,
and
also
sore
wounded
,
defendeth
hym selfe
with
handes
,
feete
,
and
teethe
,
and
by
all
meanes
he
may
,
vntyll
his
strength
and
spirite
fayle
hym
.
The
Turke
,
when
he
seeth
hym selfe
destitute
of
all
helpe
and
hope
to
escape
,
doth
humbly
desyre
pardon
,
casting
away
his
weapons
&
armure
,
and
reching
furth
to
the
victourer
his
handes
ioyned
together
to
be
bounde
,
hopynge
by
captiuitie
to
saue
his
lyfe
.
The
Moscouites
in
placeinge
theyr
armye
chuse
them
a
large
playne
where
the
best
of
them
pytch
theyr
tentes
&
the
other
make
than
certen
arbours
of
bouwes
fyxt
in
the
grounde
,
The
Moscouytes
army
.
bendyng
together
the
toppes
therof
,
whiche
they
couer
with
theyr
clokes
to
defende
them selues
,
theyr
bowes
,
arrowes
,
saddyles
,
and
other
theyr
necessaries
from
rayne
.
They
put
furth
theyr
horses
to
pasture
,
and
for
that
cause
haue
theyr
tentes
so
farre
in
sunder
,
which
they
fortifye
neyther
with
cartes
or
trenches
or
any
other
impedyment
,
excepte
perhappes
the
place
bee
defended
by
nature
as
with
wooddes
,
ryuers
and
marysshes
.
It
may
perhappes
seeme
straunge
howe
he
maynteyneth
hym
and
hys
so
longe
with
so
smaule
an
armye
as
I
haue
sayde
.
howe
he
maynteyneth
his
army
.
I
wyll
nowe
therfore
brefely
declare
theyre
sparynge
and
frugalitie
.
He
that
hath
syxe
or
sumtymes
more
horses
,
vseth
one
of
them
as
A
packe
horse
to
beare
all
theyr
necessaryes
,
eyes
.
He
hath
also
in
a
bagge
of
two
or
three
spanes
longe
,
the
floure
or
meale
of
the
grayne
cauled
mylle
:
and
.viii.
or
x.
poundes
weyghte
of
swynes
flesshe
poudered
.
He
hathe
lykewyse
A
bagge
of
salte
,
myxte
with
pepper
if
he
bee
ryche
.
Furthermore
euery
man
caryeth
with
hym
A
hatchet
,
A
fyre
boxe
,
and
a
brasen
potte
:
so
that
if
they
chaunce
to
coomme
to
any
place
where
they
can
fynde
no
frutes
,
garlyke
,
onyons
or
flesshe
,
they
kyndle
a
fyre
and
fylle
theyr
pottes
with
water
wherunto
they
put
a
spoonefull
of
meale
with
a
quantitie
of
salte
,
and
make
pottage
therof
,
wherwith
the
master
and
all
hys
seruauntes
lyue
contented
.
But
if
the
master
bee
very
hungary
he
eateth
all
alone
,
and
the
seruantes
are
sumtymes
inforsed
to
faste
for
the
space
of
two
or
three
dayes
.
And
yf
the
master
intende
to
fare
sumwhat
more
delycately
,
then
he
addeth
therto
a
lyttle
portion
of
swynes
flesshe
.
I
speake
not
thys
of
the
best
of
them
,
but
of
suche
as
are
of
the
meane
sorte
.
The
gouernours
and
capytaynes
of
th
armye
,
doo
sumtymes
bydde
the
poorer
sorte
to
theyre
tables
:
where
theye
feede
them selues
so
wel
,
that
they
fast
two
or
three
dayes
after
.
When
they
haue
frutes
,
garlyke
,
and
onyons
,
theye
can
well
forbeare
all
other
meates
.
Procedynge
forwarde
to
the
battayle
,
they
put
more
confydence
in
theyr
multitude
,
and
with
what
greate
armyes
they
assayle
theyr
enemyes
,
them
eyther
in
the
strengthe
and
valyantenesse
of
theyr
souldyers
,
or
in
well
instructynge
theyr
armye
:
and
fyght
better
afarre
of
,
then
at
hande
:
and
therfore
study
howe
to
circumuent
or
inclose
theyr
enemyes
and
to
assayle
them
on
the
backe
halfe
.
Instruments
of
warre
.
They
haue
many
trumpiters
:
The
which
whyle
they
blow
all
at
once
after
theyr
maner
,
make
A
meruelous
straunge
noyse
.
They
haue
also
an
other
kynde
of
instrumentes
which
they
caule
Szurna
.
These
they
blowe
withowte
seasynge
for
the
space
of
an
houre
togither
,
so
temperyng
the
same
and
holdyng
in
the
wynd
whyle
they
drawe
more
,
that
the
noyse
seemeth
continuall
withoute
intermyssion
.
The
Moscouites
and
Tartars
apparell
.
They
vse
all
one
maner
of
appareyle
:
as
longe
coates
withowte
pleyghtes
and
with
narrowe
sleaues
after
the
maner
of
the
Hungaryans
.
These
the
Christians
vse
to
butten
on
the
ryght
syde
:
and
the
Tartars
(
vsinge
the
lyke
)
butten
them
on
the
lefte
syde
.
They
weare
redde
and
shorte
buskyns
that
reache
not
to
theyr
knees
:
and
haue
the
soules
therof
defended
with
plates
of
Iren.
In
maner
all
theyr
shyrtes
are
wroughte
with
dyuers
colours
aboute
the
necke
:
and
haue
the
collars
and
ruffes
bysette
with
lyttle
rounde
baules
lyke
beades
,
of
syluer
or
gylted
copper
,
and
sumtyme
perles
also
.
They
gyrde
them selues
beneth
the
bellye
euen
as
lowe
as
theyr
priuy
members
,
that
they
may
seme
more
boorely
which
they
greately
esteme
,
as
doo
at
thys
day
the
Spanyardes
,
Italyans
,
and
Almaynes
.
The
prouince
of
Moscouia
is
neyther
very
large
nor
frutfull
,
The
prouince
of
Moscouia
.
forasmuche
as
the
fertylytye
is
hyndered
with
sandye
grounde
which
eyther
with
to
muche
drynesse
or
moyster
kylleth
the
corne
.
Furthermore
the
immoderate
and
sharpe
vntemperatenesse
of
the
ayre
while
the
coulde
of
the
wynter
ouercommethe
the
heate
of
the
soonne
,
Extreme
coulde
.
sumtymes
dothe
not
suffer
the
corne
to
rype
.
For
the
coulde
is
there
sumtyme
so
extreame
,
that
lyke
as
with
vs
in
sommer
by
reason
of
heate
,
euen
so
there
by
extreame
coulde
the
yearth
hath
many
great
chynkes
or
breaches
.
Water
also
cast
into
the
ayre
,
and
spettle
faulyng
from
ons
mouthe
,
are
frosen
before
they
touche
the
grounde
.
I
my selfe
,
when
I
came
thether
in
the
yeare
1526.
sawe
the
braunches
of
frutefull
trees
wythyred
by
the
coulde
of
the
wynter
before
,
which
was
so
extreame
that
many
of
theyr
wagoners
or
caries
(
whom
they
caule
Gonecz
)
were
founde
frosen
to
deathe
in
theyr
sleades
.
There
were
sum
that
at
the
same
tyme
leadyng
and
dryuyng
theyr
cattayle
from
the
nexte
villagies
to
Moscouia
,
dyed
by
the
way
with
theyr
beastes
through
th
extremytie
of
the
coulde
.
Furthermore
,
the
same
yeare
many
players
that
were
accustomed
to
wander
aboute
the
contrey
with
daunsyng
beares
,
were
founde
dead
in
the
high
wayes
.
Wylde
beares
also
inforced
therto
by
famyn
,
lefte
the
wooddes
and
ranne
here
and
there
into
dyuers
villagies
and
houses
:
At
whose
commyng
while
the
men
of
the
countrey
forsooke
theyr
houses
and
fledd
into
the
fieldes
,
manye
of
them
perysshed
throughe
the
vehemencie
of
the
coulde
.
Agayne
,
it
sumtymes
so
chaunceth
that
in
sommer
the
heate
is
as
extreame
:
Extreme
heate
in
cold
regions
.
as
in
the
yeare
.1525
.
in
the
which
almost
al
kynds
of
pulse
and
grayne
were
scorched
and
burnte
:
and
such
a
derth
of
corne
folowed
that
drought
,
that
that
which
before
was
bowght
for
three
dengas
,
was
afterwarde
soulde
for
.xx
,
or
.xxx.
Furthermore
also
,
manye
villagies
,
wooddes
,
and
stackes
of
corne
,
were
sette
on
fyre
by
th
extreame
heate
:
The
smoke
wherof
so
fylled
the
regyon
,
that
the
eyes
of
many
were
sore
hurte
therby
.
There
arose
also
as
it
were
a
darke
and
thycke
myst
without
smoke
which
so
molested
the
eys
,
that
many
loste
theyr
sight
therby
.
They
sowe
and
narysshe
the
seades
of
melons
with
great
diligence
in
certeyne
raysed
beddes
myxte
with
doonge
:
wherby
they
fynde
a
remedy
both
ageynst
extreame
could
and
heat
.
For
if
the
heate
exceade
,
they
make
certeyne
ryftes
in
the
beddes
as
it
were
breathyng
places
least
the
seades
shulde
be
suffocate
with
to
muche
heate
.
And
if
the
coulde
bee
extreme
it
is
tempered
with
the
heate
of
the
mucke
or
dunge
.
Lyttle
beastes
.
Theyr
beastes
are
muche
lesse
then
owres
:
yet
not
all
withowt
hornes
as
one
hath
written
.
For
I
haue
there
sene
oxen
,
kyne
,
goates
,
and
rammes
all
with
hornes
.
Not
farre
from
the
citie
of
Moscha
,
are
certeyne
monasteries
which
a
farre
of
,
seeme
lyke
vnto
a
citie
.
They
saye
that
in
thys
citie
is
an
incredible
number
of
houses
:
The
citie
of
Mo●couia
or
Mosca
.
And
that
the
syxte
yeare
before
my
commynge
thyther
,
the
prince
caused
them
to
bee
numbered
,
and
founde
them
to
bee
more
then
one
and
fortye
thousande
and
fyue
hundreth
houses
.
The
citie
is
very
large
and
wyde
:
and
also
very
slabby
and
myrie
.
By
reason
wherof
it
hath
many
brydges
and
causeys
.
The
ayre
of
the
regyon
is
so
holsome
,
holsome
ayer
.
that
beyond
the
sprynges
of
Tanais
,
especially
towarde
the
north
and
a
great
parte
also
towarde
the
Easte
,
the
pestylence
hath
not
byne
harde
of
sence
the
memorye
of
man
.
Yet
haue
they
sumtimes
a
disease
in
theyr
bowells
and
headdes
not
much
vnlyke
the
pestylence
.
Thys
disease
they
caule
a
heate
:
wherwith
suche
as
are
taken
,
dye
within
fewe
dayes
.
A
ryche
spoyle
.
Sum
wryte
that
Iohn
the
duke
of
Moscouia
and
sonne
of
Basilius
,
vnder
the
pretence
of
religion
sacked
&
spoyled
,
the
citie
of
Nouogardia
:
and
caried
with
hym
from
thense
to
Moscouia
three
hundreth
sleades
laden
with
golde
,
syluer
,
and
precious
stones
of
the
gooddes
of
the
Archebysshoppe
,
the
marchauntes
,
citisins
,
and
straungiers
.
Solowki
is
an
Ilande
situate
in
the
north
sea
.viii.
leaques
from
the
continent
betwen
:
The
●land
of
Solowki
.
Dwina
and
the
province
of
Corela
.
Howe
farre
it
is
dystant
from
Moscouia
,
can
not
bee
well
knowne
by
reason
of
manye
sennes
,
marysshes
,
Wooddes
,
and
desolate
places
lyinge
in
the
way
.
Albeit
,
sum
say
that
it
is
not
three
hundreth
leaques
from
Moscouia
,
&
two
hundreth
frome
Bieloiesero
.
Bieloiesero
.
In
thys
Ilande
is
made
greate
plenty
of
salte
:
and
it
hath
in
it
a
monasterie
into
the
which
it
is
not
lawfull
for
any
woman
or
virgyn
to
enter
.
There
is
also
great
fysshyng
for
hearyng
.
They
say
that
here
the
soonne
at
the
sommer
Equinoctiall
,
The
lengthe
of
the
day
.
shyneth
continually
excepte
two
houres
.
Demetriowe
,
is
a
citie
with
a
castel
,
distante
from
Moscouia
xii
.
leaques
declining
from
the
west
sumwhat
toward
the
north
.
By
this
runneth
the
ryuer
Lachroma
that
runneth
in
to
the
ryuer
of
Sest.
Sest
also
receaueth
the
ryuer
Dubna
which
vnladeth
it selfe
in
Uolga
.
And
by
the
commoditie
of
thus
many
ryuers
,
many
riche
marchaundies
are
browght
without
great
laboure
or
difficultie
from
the
caspian
sea
by
the
ryuer
Uolga
to
Moscouia
and
dyuers
other
prouynces
&
cities
abowte
the
same
.
The
trade
from
Moscocouia
to
the
Caspian
sea
.
Bieloiesero
,
a
citie
with
a
castell
,
is
situat
at
a
lake
of
the
same
name
.
For
Bieloiesero
in
the
Moscouites
toung
,
signifieth
a
white
lake
.
Bieloiesero
or
the
whyte
lakes
.
The
citie
standeth
not
in
the
lake
as
sum
haue
sayd
.
Yet
is
it
so
enuironed
with
marysshes
that
it
may
seeme
to
bee
inexpugnable
:
In
consideration
wherof
,
the
princes
of
Moscouia
are
accustomed
to
keepe
theyr
treasure
there
.
Bieloiesero
is
from
Moscouia
,
a
hundreth
leaques
,
and
as
muche
from
Nouogardia
the
great
.
The
lake
it selfe
,
is
.xii.
leaques
in
length
and
as
much
in
breadth
:
and
hath
(
as
they
say
)
three
hundreth
ryuers
faulynge
into
it
.
Th
inhabitauntes
of
this
place
,
haue
a
peculyar
language
,
although
nowe
in
maner
all
speake
the
Moscouites
tounge
.
The
longest
day
here
in
the
soommer
Equinoctial
,
Diuersitie
of
temperament
in
smaul
dystance
.
is
sayde
to
consyste
of
.xix.
houres
.
A
man
of
greate
name
and
credite
toulde
me
,
that
at
the
begynnyng
of
the
sprynge
when
the
trees
began
nowe
to
bee
greene
,
he
wente
in
poste
from
Moscouia
to
Bieloiesero
:
And
passynge
ouer
the
ryuer
Uolga
,
founde
the
region
there
so
couered
with
Ise
and
snow
,
that
he
was
fayne
to
dispatch
the
residue
of
his
iorney
on
fleades
.
And
although
the
wynter
bee
longer
there
,
yet
doo
the
frutes
waxe
rype
and
are
gathered
euen
at
the
same
tyme
that
they
are
in
Moscouia
.
With
in
an
arrowe
shotte
of
the
lake
,
A
lake
of
brymstone
.
there
is
an
other
lake
that
bryngeth
furth
brymstone
.
which
a
certen
ryuer
running
owt
of
the
same
,
caryeth
with
it
in
great
quantitie
flotyng
aboue
the
water
lyke
a
scoomme
.
Yet
through
the
ignorance
of
the
people
,
they
haue
no
commoditie
therby
.
The
people
that
inhabite
the
regions
lyinge
farre
northe
and
east
from
Moscouia
,
exchaunge
theyr
furres
for
apparel
,
knyues
,
needles
,
spoones
,
hatchets
,
and
suche
at
her
necessarye
wares
.
Exchange
of
furres
for
other
ware
.
For
they
haue
not
the
vse
of
golde
and
syluer
.
¶
The
description
of
the
regions
,
people
,
and
ryuers
,
lyinge
North
and
Easte
from
Moscouia
:
As
the
way
from
Moscouia
to
the
ryuer
Petzora
,
and
the
prouince
of
Iugaria
,
or
Iuhra
:
And
frome
thense
to
the
ryuer
Obi.
Lykewyse
the
discription
of
other
countreys
and
regions
,
euen
vnto
Th
empire
of
the
greate
Cham
of
Cathay
.
THe
dominion
of
the
Prince
of
Moscouia
reacheth
farre
towarde
the
Easte
and
north
vnto
the
places
which
we
wyll
nowe
descrybe
.
As
concernynge
whiche
thynge
,
The
dominion
of
the
duke
of
Moscouia
.
I
translated
a
booke
that
was
presented
vnto
me
in
the
Moscouites
tounge
,
and
haue
heare
made
a
bryefe
rehearsall
of
the
same
.
I
wyll
fyrst
therfore
describe
the
iorney
from
Moscouia
to
Petzora
,
and
so
to
Iugaria
and
Obi.
From
Moscouia
to
the
citie
of
Uuolochda
,
Uuolochda
.
are
numbered
fyftie
Werstes
,
werste
.
one
Werst
conteynynge
almoste
the
space
of
an
Italyan
myle
.
From
Uuolochda
to
Ustiug
towarde
the
right
hande
descendinge
with
the
course
of
the
ryuer
of
Uuolochda
and
Suchana
with
whom
it
ioyneth
,
Ustiug
.
are
coumpted
fyue
hundreth
Werstes
:
where
within
two
Werstes
of
the
towne
cauled
Strelze
and
hard
by
the
citie
of
Ustiug
Suchana
ioyneth
.
Iug
which
runneth
from
the
south
:
from
whose
mouth
vnto
the
sprynges
of
the
same
,
are
numbered
fyue
hundrethe
Werstles
.
Note
that
wheras
here
before
the
autour
numbereth
but
fyftie
werstes
from
Moscouia
to
Uuolochda
,
it
semeth
that
the
place
is
corrupted
by
the
Printers
mystakynge
one
worde
for
an
other
,
as
Quinquaginta
,
which
is
fyftie
,
for
Quingenta
,
whiche
is
fyue
hundreth
.
For
the
distance
is
no
lesse
from
Moscouia
to
Uuolochda
,
then
is
from
Uuolochda
to
Ustiug
,
which
is
fyue
hundreh
werstes
.
But
Suchana
and
Iug
after
they
ioyne
togyther
,
Suchana
.
Iug.
lose
theyr
fyrst
names
and
make
bothe
one
ryuer
named
Dwina
,
Dwina
.
by
the
whiche
the
passage
to
the
citie
of
Colmogor
conteyneth
fyue
hundreth
Werstes
:
Colmogor
.
from
whense
in
the
space
of
syxe
dayes
iorney
,
Dwina
entereth
into
the
north
Ocean
at
.vi.
mouthes
,
And
the
greateste
parte
of
this
iorney
consysteth
by
nauigation
.
For
by
lande
,
from
Uuolochda
vnto
Colmogor
,
passing
ouer
the
ryuer
Uuaga
,
are
a
thousande
Werstes
.
Not
farre
from
Colmogor
,
the
ryuer
Pienega
runnynge
frome
the
Easte
on
the
ryght
hande
for
the
space
of
seuen
hundreth
Werstes
,
fauleth
into
Dwina
.
From
Dwina
by
the
ryuer
Pienega
by
the
space
of
two
hundredth
Werstes
,
Pieneg●
.
they
coome
to
a
place
cauled
Nicolsi
:
Nicolai
.
from
whense
within
halfe
a
werst
,
shyppes
haue
passage
into
the
ryuer
Kuluio
,
Kuluio
.
which
hath
his
original
from
a
lake
of
the
same
name
towarde
the
north
,
from
whose
springes
is
.viii.
dayes
vyage
to
the
mouth
of
the
same
where
it
entereth
into
the
Ocean
.
Saylynge
by
the
coastes
of
the
ryght
hande
the
sea
,
The
regions
by
the
North
sea
.
they
passe
by
the
regions
of
Stanuwische
,
Calunczscho
,
and
Apnu
.
And
saylynge
abowt
the
promontorie
or
cape
of
Chorogoski
Nosz
,
Stanuwische
,
Camenckh
,
and
Tolstickh
,
they
come
at
the
length
into
the
ryuer
Mezen
,
and
frome
thense
in
the
space
of
syxe
dayes
to
a
vyllage
of
the
same
name
,
standyng
in
the
mouth
of
the
ryuer
Pieza
:
Pieza
.
by
the
which
ageine
ascendyng
towarde
the
lefte
hande
and
soommer
East
,
they
come
to
the
ryuer
Piescoya
.
Piescoia
.
From
whense
saylynge
for
the
space
of
fyue
Werstes
,
they
coomme
into
two
lakes
in
the
whiche
are
seene
two
wayes
:
wherof
one
on
the
ryght
syde
,
goeth
to
the
ryuer
Rubicho
,
Rubicho
.
by
the
which
they
passe
to
the
ryuer
Czircho
.
Other
by
an
other
and
shorter
way
,
brynge
theyr
shyppes
frome
the
lake
directly
into
Czircho
:
Czircho
.
From
whense
,
except
they
be
hyndered
by
tempest
,
they
coomme
in
the
space
of
three
weekes
to
the
ryuer
and
mouth
of
Czilma
,
C●ilma
.
flowynge
into
the
great
ryuer
Petzora
,
Petzora
.
which
in
that
place
is
two
Werstes
in
breadthe
.
Saylyng
from
hense
,
they
coomme
in
the
space
of
syxe
dayes
to
the
towne
and
castell
of
Pustoosero
,
Pustoosero
.
neare
vnto
the
which
,
Petzora
entereth
into
the
north
Ocean
at
syxe
mouthes
.
The
inhabitauntes
of
this
place
,
are
men
of
simple
wytte
.
They
receaued
the
fayth
of
Chryste
,
and
were
baptised
in
the
yeare
M.D.xviii
.
From
the
mouth
of
Czilma
vnto
the
mouthe
of
the
ryuer
Ussa
,
Ussa
.
goinge
by
Petzora
,
is
one
monethes
vyage
.
Ussa
hath
his
sprynges
in
the
mountayne
Poyas
Semnoi
,
being
on
the
lefte
hande
towarde
the
soommer
East
,
Cingulus
mundi
.
and
springeth
owte
of
a
great
stone
of
the
same
mountayne
,
cauled
Camen
Bolschoi
.
From
the
sprynges
of
Ussa
to
the
mouthes
of
the
same
,
are
numbered
more
then
a
thousande
Werstes
.
Furthermore
Petzora
runneth
from
this
south
wynter
parte
,
from
whense
ascendynge
from
the
mouthes
of
Ussa
vnto
the
mouthes
of
the
ryuer
Stzuchogora
,
Stzuchogora
.
is
three
weekes
vyage
.
They
that
described
this
vyage
,
sayde
that
they
rested
betwene
the
mouthes
of
the
ryuers
of
Stzuchogora
and
Potzscheriema
:
Potzscheriema
.
and
lefte
theyr
vyttayles
there
whiche
they
browght
with
theym
from
Russia
.
Beyonde
the
ryuers
of
Petzora
and
Stzuchogora
towarde
the
mountayne
Camenipoias
and
the
sea
with
the
Ilandes
there
abowte
and
the
castell
of
Pustoosero
,
Camenipoias
.
are
dyuers
and
innumerable
nations
whiche
by
one
common
name
are
cauled
Samoged
(
that
is
)
such
as
eate
them selues
.
Samoged
.
They
haue
great
increase
of
foules
,
byrdes
,
&
dyuers
kyndes
of
beastes
:
Foules
and
beastes
.
as
Sables
,
Marternes
,
Beuers
,
Otters
,
Hermelines
,
Squyrels
:
and
in
the
Ocean
the
beaste
cauled
Mors
:
Also
Uess
,
whyte
beares
,
woolfes
,
hares
,
Equiwoduani
,
great
whales
,
and
a
fysshe
cauled
Semfi
,
with
dyuers
other
.
The
people
of
these
nations
,
come
not
to
Moscouia
.
For
they
are
wylde
,
wyld
people
.
and
flye
the
company
&
societie
of
other
men
.
From
the
mouthes
of
Stzuchogora
saylynge
vp
the
ryuer
vnto
Poiassa
,
Poiassa
.
Artawische
,
Cameni
,
and
Poiassa
the
greater
,
is
three
weekes
vyage
.
Furthermore
the
ascendynge
to
th●
mounte
Camen
,
Camen
.
is
three
dayes
iorney
:
from
the
whiche
,
descendyng
,
they
come
to
the
ryuer
Artawischa
,
Artawischa
.
and
from
thense
to
the
ryuer
Sibut
,
Sibut
.
from
whence
they
passe
to
the
castell
of
Lepin
,
Lepin
.
and
from
Lepin
to
the
ryuer
Sossa
.
The
people
that
inhabite
the
region
by
this
ryuer
,
are
cauled
Uuogolici
.
Leauynge
Sossa
on
the
ryght
hande
,
,
So●sa
.
they
come
to
the
greate
ryuer
Oby
,
Ob●
.
that
spryngeth
owt
of
the
lake
Kitaisko
Kitaisko
.
the
whiche
with
all
the
haste
they
coulde
make
,
they
coulde
scarsely
passe
ouer
in
one
day
,
the
ryuer
beinge
of
such
breadth
that
it
reacheth
fourescore
Werstes
.
The
people
also
that
dwell
abowt
this
ryuer
,
are
cauled
Uuogoli●i
and
Ugritzschi
.
Uuogolici
.
From
the
castell
of
Ohea
ascendynge
by
the
ryuer
of
Oby
,
vnto
the
ryuer
Irtische
into
the
which
Sossa
entereth
,
Irtische
.
is
three
moonethes
iorney
.
In
these
places
are
two
castels
named
Ierom
and
Lumen
,
Ieron
.
●umem
.
kepte
by
certeyne
lordes
cauled
Knesi
Iuhorski
.
beinge
tributaries
to
the
greate
duke
of
Moscouia
as
they
say
.
Here
are
dyuers
kyndes
of
beastes
and
furres
.
Frome
the
mouth
of
the
ryuer
Irtische
to
the
Castell
of
Grustina
,
Grustina
.
is
two
monethes
iorney
:
from
whense
to
the
lake
Kitai
by
the
ryuer
Oby
(
which
I
sayde
to
haue
his
sprynges
in
this
lake
)
is
more
then
three
monethes
iorney
.
Kitai
.
From
this
lake
come
many
blacke
men
,
lackyng
thuse
of
common
spech
.
Blacke
men
withowt
speache
.
They
brynge
with
them
dyuers
wares
,
and
especially
pearles
and
precious
stones
,
whiche
they
sell
to
the
people
cauled
Grustintzi
and
Serponowtzi
.
These
haue
theyr
name
of
the
castell
Serponow
,
Serponowe
.
situate
in
the
mountaynes
of
Lucomorya
beyonde
the
ryuer
Obi.
Lucomoria
.
They
say
that
to
the
men
of
Lucomorya
,
chaunceth
a
marueylous
thynge
and
incredible
.
Men
that
yearely
dye
and
reuyue
.
For
they
affirme
,
that
they
dye
yearely
at
the
.xxvii.
daye
of
Nouember
,
beinge
the
feast
of
saynt
George
amonge
the
Moscouytes
:
and
that
at
the
nexte
sprynge
abowte
the
.xxiiii.
daye
of
Apryll
,
they
reuyue
ageyne
as
doo
frogges
.
With
these
also
,
the
people
of
Grustintzi
and
Serponowtzi
,
A
straunge
trade
of
marchaundies
.
exercise
a
newe
and
straunge
kynde
of
trade
.
For
when
the
accustomed
tyme
of
theyr
dyinge
,
or
rather
of
sleapynge
,
aprocheth
,
they
leaue
theyr
wares
in
certeyne
places
appoynted
,
which
the
Grustintzi
and
Serponowtzi
carye
away
leauynge
other
wares
of
equall
valewe
in
theyr
places
:
whiche
if
the
deade
men
at
the
tyme
of
theyr
reuyuyne
perceaue
to
bee
of
vnequall
pryce
,
they
requyre
theyr
owne
ageyne
:
by
reason
wherof
muche
stryfe
and
fighting
is
betwene
them
.
From
the
ryuer
of
Obi
descending
toward
the
left
hand
,
Obi.
are
the
people
cauled
Calami
,
Calami
.
which
came
thether
from
Obiowa
and
Pogosa
.
Beneth
Obi
,
abowte
Aurea
Anus
(
that
is
the
golden
owlde
wyfe
)
are
the
ryuers
Sossa
,
Beres
,
Uua
,
Ryuers
.
and
Danadim
,
al
which
sprynge
owt
of
the
montayne
Camen
,
Bolschega
,
Poiassa
,
and
the
rockes
ioynynge
to
the
same
.
All
the
nations
that
inhabite
from
these
ryuers
of
Aurea
Anus
,
are
subiecte
to
the
prynce
of
Moscouia
,
Aurea
Anus
cauled
in
the
Moscouites
toonge
Slata
Baba
,
Aurea
Anus
.
is
an
Idole
at
the
mouthes
of
Obi
in
the
prouince
of
Obdora
,
Obdora
.
standynge
on
the
furthest
banke
towarde
the
sea
.
Alonge
by
the
bankes
of
Obrand
the
ryuers
neare
there
about
,
are
here
and
there
many
castells
and
fortresses
,
all
the
lordes
wherof
are
subiecte
to
the
prince
of
Moscouia
,
as
they
say
.
They
say
also
,
or
rather
fable
,
that
the
Idole
cauled
Aurea
Anus
,
is
an
Image
lyke
vnto
an
owlde
wyfe
hauyng
a
chyld
in
●er
lappe
:
and
that
there
is
nowe
seene
an
other
infante
which
they
say
to
bee
her
neuie
:
Also
that
there
are
certeyne
instrumentes
that
make
a
continuall
sounde
lyke
the
noyse
of
trumpettes
.
The
which
if
it
so
bee
,
I
thynke
it
to
bee
by
reason
of
the
wynde
blowynge
continually
into
the
holowe
places
of
those
instrumentes
.
The
ryuer
Cossin
,
Cossin
.
fauleth
owt
of
the
mountaynes
into
Lucomoria
.
In
the
mouth
of
thys
,
is
a
castell
.
Whyther
from
the
sprynges
of
the
great
ryuer
Cossin
,
is
two
moonethes
by
age
.
Furthermore
from
the
sprynges
of
the
same
ryuer
,
the
ryuer
Cassima
hath
hys
original
:
Cassima
.
which
runnynge
throwgh
Lucomoria
,
fauleth
into
the
great
ryuer
Tachnin
,
Tachnin
.
beyonde
the
which
(
as
is
sayde
)
dwell
men
of
prodigious
●hape
,
of
whom
sum
are
ouergrowne
wich
heare
lyke
wylde
beastes
:
other
haue
heades
lyke
dogges
,
People
of
Monstrous
shape
.
and
other
theyr
faces
in
theyr
brestes
withowt
neckes
,
and
with
longe
handes
also
and
withowte
feete
.
A
fysshe
lyke
a
man
.
There
is
lykewyse
in
the
ryuer
Tachnin
,
a
certeyne
fysshe
with
headde
,
eys
,
nose
,
mouthe
,
handes
,
fiete
,
Plinie
wryteth
of
the
lyke
fysshe
.
&
other
members
vtterly
of
humane
shape
,
and
yet
withowt
any
voyce
,
&
pleasante
to
bee
eaten
as
are
other
fysshes
.
All
that
I
haue
hetherto
rehersed
,
I
haue
translated
out
of
the
sayde
ioyney
whiche
was
delyuered
me
in
the
Moscouites
tounge
.
In
the
which
perhappes
sum
thynges
maye
seeme
fabulous
and
in
maner
incredible
,
as
of
the
doomme
men
and
the
deade
reuyuynge
,
the
Aurea
Anus
also
,
and
the
monstrous
shapes
of
men
,
with
the
fysshe
of
human
forme
:
wherof
althowgh
I
haue
made
dylygent
inquisicion
,
yet
could
I
knowe
nothynge
certeyne
of
any
that
had
seene
the
same
with
theyr
eys
,
neuerthelesse
to
gyue
further
occasion
to
other
to
searche
the
truth
of
these
thynges
,
I
haue
thowght
good
to
make
mention
hereof
.
Noss
in
the
Moscouites
tounge
signifieth
a
nose
:
and
therfore
they
caule
all
capes
or
poyntes
of
lande
that
reache
into
the
sea
,
by
the
same
name
.
The
mountaynes
about
the
ryuer
of
Petzora
,
Mountaynes
.
are
cauled
Semnoi
Poyas
,
or
Lingulus
mundi
:
(
that
is
)
the
gyrdle
of
the
worlde
,
or
of
the
yearth
.
Kithay
,
is
a
lake
of
whome
the
greate
Chan
of
CATHAY
whom
the
Moscouians
caule
Czar
Kythaiski
,
The
greate
Chan
of
Cathay
.
hath
hys
name
.
For
Chan
in
the
Tartars
language
signifieth
a
kyng
.
The
places
of
Lucomorya
nere
vnto
the
sea
,
Lucomoria
.
are
saluage
,
full
of
wooddes
,
and
inhabited
withowt
any
houses
.
And
albeit
that
the
autour
of
thys
iorney
,
sayd
that
many
nations
of
Lucomorya
are
subiecte
to
the
prynce
of
Moscouia
,
yet
for
asmuch
as
the
kyngdome
of
Tumen
is
neare
therunto
,
Tumen
.
whose
prince
is
a
Tartar
and
named
in
theyr
toung
Tumenski
Czar
(
that
is
)
a
kynge
in
Tumen
,
and
hath
of
late
doone
great
domage
to
the
prynce
of
Moscouia
,
it
is
moste
lyke
that
these
nations
shulde
rather
bee
subiecte
vnto
hym
.
Neare
vnto
the
ryuer
Petzora
,
Petzora
.
(
wherof
mention
is
made
in
thys
iorney
)
is
the
citie
and
castell
of
Papin
or
Papinowgorod
,
Papin
.
whose
inhabytauntes
are
named
Papini
,
and
haue
a
priuate
language
differyng
from
the
Moscouites
.
Beyond
thys
ryuer
,
are
exceadynge
hygh
mountaynes
,
hygh
mountaynes
,
supposed
to
bee
hyperborei
,
and
Rhiphei
.
reachyng
euen
vnto
the
bankes
:
whose
ridgies
or
toppes
by
reason
of
continuall
wyndes
,
are
in
maner
vtterly
barrayne
withowt
grass
or
frutes
.
And
although
in
dyuers
places
they
haue
dyuers
names
,
yet
are
they
commonly
cauled
Cingulus
Mundi
,
(
that
is
)
the
worlde
.
In
these
mountaynes
doo
ierfalcons
breede
,
wherof
I
haue
spoken
before
.
There
grow
also
Ced●r
trees
,
amonge
the
which
are
founde
the
best
and
blackest
kynde
of
sables
.
And
only
these
mountaynes
are
seene
in
all
the
domynyons
of
the
prynce
of
Moscouia
,
which
perhappes
are
the
same
that
the
owld
writers
caule
Rhipheos
or
Hyperboreos
,
so
named
of
the
Greeke
worde
Hiper
,
(
that
is
)
vnder
:
and
Boreas
(
that
is
)
the
north
.
For
by
reason
they
are
couered
with
continuall
snow
and
froste
,
they
can
not
withowt
great
difficultie
bee
trauayled
and
reache
so
farre
into
the
north
,
that
they
make
the
vnknowne
land
of
Engroneland
.
Engronland
.
The
duke
of
Moscouia
Basilius
the
soonne
of
Iohn
,
sent
on
a
tyme
two
of
hys
capitaynes
named
Simeon
Pheodorowitz
Kurbski
,
and
Knes
Peter
Uschatoi
,
to
search
the
places
beyonde
these
mountaynes
and
to
subdewe
the
nations
therabowte
.
Kurbiki
was
yet
alyue
at
my
being
in
Moscouia
:
and
declared
vnto
me
that
he
spent
xvii
.
days
in
ascendyng
the
mountayn
,
and
yet
coulde
not
coome
to
the
●oppe
therof
,
which
in
they●
tounge
is
cauled
Stolp
(
that
is
)
a
pyller
.
Stolp
.
Thys
mountayne
is
extended
into
the
Ocean
vnto
the
mouthes
of
the
ryuers
of
Dwina
and
Pe●zora
.
But
nowe
hauyng
spoken
thus
muche
of
the
sayde
iorney
,
I
wyll
returne
to
the
domynyons
of
Moscouia
with
other
regyons
lyinge
eastwarde
and
southe
frome
the
same
towarde
the
myghtye
Empyre
of
CATHAY
.
Cathay
.
But
I
wyll
fyrst
speake
sumwhat
brefely
of
the
prouynce
of
Rezan
and
the
famous
ryuer
of
Tanais
.
The
prouynce
of
Rezan
situate
betwene
the
ryuers
of
Occa
and
Tanais
,
The
frutfull
prouince
of
Re●an
.
hath
a
citie
buylded
of
woodd
not
farre
from
the
banke
of
Occa.
There
was
in
it
a
castell
named
Iaroslaw
,
Iaroslaw
.
wherof
there
nowe
remayneth
nothynge
but
tokens
of
the
olwd
ruine
.
Not
farre
from
that
citie
,
the
ryuer
Occa
maketh
an
Ilande
named
Strub
which
was
sumtym
a
great
dukedome
,
whose
prince
was
subiect
to
none
other
.
Thys
prouince
of
Rezan
is
more
frutfull
then
any
other
of
the
prouynces
of
Moscouia
:
In
so
muche
that
in
thys
(
as
they
saye
)
euery
grayne
of
wheate
bryngethe
furthe
two
and
sumtymes
more
eares
:
whose
stalkes
or
strawes
growe
so
thycke
that
horses
can
scarsely
go
throwgh
them
,
or
quayles
flye
owt
of
them
.
There
is
greate
plenty
of
honnye
,
honny
.
fysshes
,
foules
,
byrdes
,
and
wylde
beastes
.
The
frutes
also
do
farre
exceade
the
frutes
of
Moscouia
.
The
people
are
bould
&
warlyk
men
.
¶
Of
the
famous
ryuer
of
Tanais
.
FRome
Moscouia
vnto
the
castell
of
Iaroslaw
,
and
beyonde
for
the
space
of
almoste
xxiiii
.
leaques
,
runneth
the
ryuer
of
Tanais
,
at
a
place
cauled
Donco
,
Donco
.
where
the
marchauntes
that
trade
to
Asoph
,
Asoph
.
Capha
,
Capha
.
and
Constantynople
,
Constantinople
.
fraight
theyr
shyppes
:
and
thys
for
the
moste
parte
in
autumne
beynge
a
rayney
tyme
of
the
yeare
.
For
Tanais
here
at
other
tymes
of
the
yeare
doth
not
so
abounde
with
water
as
to
heare
shyppes
of
any
burden
:
Thys
famous
ryuer
of
Tanais
,
dyuydeth
Europe
from
Asia
:
Tanais
divideth
Europe
frome
Asia
.
and
hath
hys
orygynal
or
springes
almost
.viii.
leaques
from
the
citie
of
Tulla
toward
the
south
inclynyng
sumwhat
towarde
the
Easte
:
The
springes
of
Tanais
.
and
not
owte
of
the
Riphean
mountaynes
as
some
haue
wrytten
:
But
owte
of
a
great
lake
named
Iwanowosero
(
that
is
)
the
lake
of
Iohn
:
A
great
lake
.
being
in
length
and
breadth
abowt
.1500
.
Werstes
in
a
wood
whiche
sum
caule
Okonitzkilies
,
and
other
name
it
Iepiphanowlies
.
And
owt
of
this
lake
,
sprynge
the
twoo
greate
ryuers
of
Schat
and
Tanais
.
The
ryuer
Schat
.
Schat
towarde
the
Weste
receauynge
into
it
the
ryuer
of
Uppa
,
runneth
into
the
ryuer
of
Occa
betwene
the
West
and
the
north
.
But
Tanais
at
the
fyrste
runneth
directly
East
:
and
continueth
his
course
betwene
the
kyngdomes
of
Casan
and
Astrachan
within
syxe
or
seuen
leaques
of
Uolga
:
Casan
.
Astrachan
.
And
frome
thense
bendynge
towarde
the
south
,
maketh
the
fennes
or
marysshes
of
Meotis
.
Meotis
.
Furthermore
,
nexte
vnto
his
sprynges
,
is
the
citie
of
Tulla
:
Tulla
.
and
vppon
the
banke
of
the
ryuer
almoste
three
leaques
aboue
the
mouthes
of
the
same
,
is
the
citie
of
Asoph
,
which
was
fyrste
cauled
Tanas
.
Foure
dayes
iorney
aboue
this
,
is
a
towne
cauled
Achas
,
Achas
.
situate
harde
by
the
same
ryuer
:
Frutefull
regions
abowt
Tanais
.
whiche
the
Moscouites
caule
Don.
I
can
not
sufficiently
prayse
this
ryuer
for
the
exceadynge
abundaunce
of
good
fysshes
,
and
fairenesse
of
the
regions
on
bothe
sydes
and
bankes
,
with
plentie
of
holsoome
herbes
and
sweete
rootes
,
besyde
dyuers
and
many
frutefull
trees
growynge
in
●uche
coomly
order
as
though
they
had
byn
set
of
purpose
in
gardens
or
archardes
.
There
is
also
in
maner
euery
where
suche
plentie
of
wylde
beastes
,
Plentie
of
wylde
beastes
.
that
they
may
easely
be
slaine
with
arrowes
▪
In
so
much
that
suche
as
trauayle
by
those
regions
,
shal
stand
in
neede
of
none
other
thynge
to
mayntayne
theyr
lyfe
but
only
fyre
and
salte
.
Fire
and
salt
.
In
these
partes
,
is
no
obseruation
of
myles
,
but
of
dayes
iorneys
.
But
as
farre
as
I
coulde
coniecture
,
from
the
fountaynes
or
sprynges
of
Tanais
vnto
the
mouthes
of
the
same
iorneyinge
by
lande
,
are
almost
fourescore
leaques
.
And
saylynge
from
Donco
(
frome
whense
I
sayde
that
Tanais
was
fyrste
nauigable
)
in
scarsely
.xx.
dayes
vyage
,
where
Tanais
is
fyrste
nauygable
.
they
come
to
the
citie
of
Asoph
tributarie
to
the
Turkes
:
Asoph
.
which
is
(
as
they
say
)
fyue
dayes
iorney
frome
the
streight
of
Taurica
,
otherwyse
cauled
Precop
.
In
this
c●tie
is
a
famous
mart
towne
,
vnto
the
which
resort
many
marchauntes
of
dyuers
nations
,
and
from
dyuers
partes
of
the
worlde
.
The
marte
of
Asoph
.
For
,
that
all
nations
may
the
gladlyer
haue
recourse
thyther
,
free
lybertie
of
bying
and
sellynge
is
graunted
vnto
all
:
Libertie
a●sureth
strangers
.
and
that
withowt
the
citie
euery
man
may
freely
vse
his
owne
and
accustomed
maner
of
lyuynge
withowt
punysshement
.
Of
the
altares
of
great
Alexander
and
Iulius
Cesar
whiche
many
wryters
make
mention
of
in
this
place
,
The
altars
of
Alexander
and
Cesar
.
or
of
theyr
ruines
,
I
coulde
haue
no
certeyne
knowleage
of
th
inhabitauntes
or
any
other
that
had
oftentymes
trauayled
these
places
.
Furthermore
the
souldyers
whiche
the
prince
of
Moscouia
maynteyneth
there
yearely
to
oppresse
th
incursion
of
the
Tartars
,
beinge
of
me
demaunded
hereof
,
answered
that
they
neuer
sawe
or
harde
of
any
such
thynge
.
Neuerthelesse
,
they
sayde
that
abowt
the
mouthes
of
Tanais
the
lesse
,
foure
dayes
iorney
from
Asoph
nere
vnto
a
place
cauled
Sewerski
,
by
the
holy
mountaynes
,
The
holy
mountaynes
.
they
sawe
certeyne
images
of
stone
and
marble
.
Tanais
the
lesse
,
Tanais
the
lesse
.
hath
his
sprynges
in
the
dukedome
of
Sewerski
:
whereof
it
is
cauled
Donetz
Sewerski
:
and
fauleth
into
Tanais
three
dayes
iorney
aboue
Asoph
.
But
suche
as
iorney
from
Moscouia
to
Asoph
by
lande
,
From
Moscouia
to
Asoph
.
they
,
passynge
ouer
Tanais
abowt
the
owlde
and
ruinate
towne
of
Donco
,
doo
sumwhat
turne
from
the
south
to
the
Easte
:
In
the
which
place
,
if
a
ryght
line
bee
drawen
from
the
mouthes
of
Tanais
to
the
spirnges
of
the
same
,
Moscouia
shal
be
found
to
bee
in
Asia
and
not
in
Europe
.
Moscouia
in
Asia
and
not
in
Europe
.
¶
More
directly
from
Moscouia
.
to
Cathay
.
THe
great
and
large
prouince
of
Permia
,
The
prouince
of
Permia
.
is
dystante
from
Moscouia
two
hundreth
and
fyftie
or
(
as
sum
say
)
three
hundreth
leaques
directly
betwene
the
East
and
North
:
And
hath
a
citie
of
the
same
name
by
the
ryuer
Uischora
which
runneth
.x.
leaques
beneth
Kamam
.
The
iorney
by
lande
can
scarcely
bee
trauayled
thyther
but
in
wynter
by
reason
of
many
ryuers
,
marysshes
,
Marysshes
in
sommer
.
and
fennes
.
But
in
sommer
,
this
iorney
is
dispatched
with
more
facilitie
in
boates
or
smaule
shippes
by
Uuolochda
,
Ustiug
,
and
the
ryuer
Uitzechda
which
runneth
into
Dwina
.xii.
leaques
from
Ustiug
.
Dwina
.
Ustiug
.
But
they
that
go
from
Permia
to
Ustiug
,
muste
sayle
vp
the
ryuer
Uischora
ageinst
the
course
of
the
streame
:
and
passing
ouer
certeyne
ryuers
,
sumtymes
also
conueyinge
theyr
boates
into
other
ryuers
by
lande
,
they
come
at
the
length
to
Ustiug
three
hundreth
leaques
distant
frome
the
citie
of
Permia
.
There
is
smaule
vse
of
breade
in
this
prouince
.
For
theyr
yearely
tribute
,
Tribute
.
they
pay
to
the
prynce
furres
&
horses
.
Furres
and
horses
.
They
haue
a
priuate
language
,
and
letters
of
theyr
owne
,
whiche
one
Steuen
a
bysshop
(
who
confirmed
them
yet
waueryng
in
the
fayth
)
dyd
inuente
.
For
before
beinge
yet
infantes
in
the
fayth
of
Chryste
,
they
slewe
and
fleyde
an
other
bysshop
that
was
appoynted
to
instructe
them
.
This
Steuen
afterwarde
when
Demetrius
the
sonne
of
Iohn
reigned
,
was
taken
for
a
saynte
amonge
the
Ruthens
.
Of
these
people
there
yet
remayne
many
Idolatours
here
and
there
in
the
woods
,
whom
the
moonkes
and
heremites
that
go
thyther
,
Monkes
and
heremites
.
doo
not
cease
to
conuert
from
theyr
vayne
errour
.
In
the
wynter
they
iorney
in
Artach
as
they
doo
in
many
places
of
Russia
.
Artach
,
are
certeyne
longe
patentes
of
woodde
of
almost
syxe
handfuls
in
length
,
Patentes
.
whiche
they
make
faste
to
theyr
fiete
with
latchettes
,
&
therwith
performe
theyr
iorneys
with
great
celeritie
.
Marcus
Paulus
wryteth
that
these
dogges
are
almost
as
byg
as
Asses
:
and
that
they
v●e
syxe
to
one
steade
.
They
vse
for
this
purpose
greate
dogges
in
the
steade
of
other
beastes
,
with
the
which
they
cary
theyr
farthels
on
sleades
,
as
other
doo
with
hartes
in
other
places
,
as
we
wyll
further
declare
hereafter
.
They
say
that
that
prouince
toward
the
East
confineth
with
the
prouince
cauled
Tumen
,
perteynynge
to
the
Tartars
.
The
situation
of
the
prouince
of
Iugaria
,
Iugaria
.
is
apparente
by
that
which
we
haue
sayde
before
.
The
Moscouites
caule
it
Iuhra
with
an
aspiration
:
and
caule
the
people
Iuhrici
.
This
is
that
Iugaria
from
whense
the
Hungarians
came
in
tyme
paste
,
hungaria
.
possessed
Pannonia
,
Pannonia
.
and
vnder
the
conduct
of
Attila
,
Attila
.
subdued
many
prouinces
of
Europe
:
wherin
the
Moscouites
doo
greatly
glory
,
that
a
nation
subiecte
to
them
,
inuaded
and
wasted
a
great
parte
of
Europe
.
Georgius
Paruns
a
greeke
borne
,
and
a
man
of
reputation
with
the
Prince
of
Moscouia
,
wyllynge
to
ascribe
to
the
ryght
of
his
prince
the
great
dukedome
of
Lithuania
,
and
the
kyngedome
of
Polonie
with
certeyne
other
dominions
,
toulde
me
that
the
Iuharici
or
Iuhgary
,
beinge
subiectes
to
the
great
duke
of
Moscouia
,
came
furth
of
theyr
owne
countrey
,
and
fyrste
inhabited
the
regions
abowt
the
fennes
of
Meoris
,
and
then
Pannonie
which
was
afterwarde
cauled
Hungarie
,
The
hygher
or
superyor
Hungarye
,
is
cauled
Austria
.
by
the
ryuer
of
Danubius
:
Also
that
in
fine
they
possessed
the
region
of
Morauia
so
named
of
the
ryuer
:
and
lykewyse
Pollonie
,
Polonie
.
so
cauled
of
Polle
,
which
signifieth
a
playne
.
Furthermore
that
Buda
was
so
cauled
after
the
name
of
the
brother
of
Attila
.
Buda
.
They
say
also
that
the
Iuhgari
vse
the
same
tounge
that
doo
the
Hungarians
.
The
which
whether
it
be
trew
or
not
,
I
do
not
knowe
.
For
althowgh
I
haue
made
diligent
inquisition
to
knowe
the
truth
hereof
,
yet
coulde
I
fynde
no
man
of
that
region
with
whom
my
seruaunt
beinge
expert
in
the
Hungarian
tounge
myght
speake
.
They
also
pay
furres
for
theyr
tributes
to
the
prince
of
Moscouia
.
Furres
.
And
albeit
that
pearles
and
precious
stones
are
brought
frome
thense
to
Moscouia
,
Pearles
and
Precious
stones
.
yet
are
they
not
gathered
in
theyr
Ocean
,
but
in
other
places
:
especially
about
the
coast
of
the
Ocean
nere
vnto
the
mouthes
of
Dwina
.
The
prouince
of
Sibier
,
Sibi●r
.
confineth
with
Permia
and
Uuiathka
:
The
whiche
,
whether
it
haue
any
castels
or
cities
,
I
doo
not
yet
certeynly
knowe
.
In
this
the
ryuer
Iaick
hathe
his
originall
,
and
fauleth
into
the
Caspian
sea
.
They
saye
that
this
region
is
deser●e
bycause
it
lyeth
so
neare
the
Tartars
:
Aspreolos
,
I
thynk
to
be
marterns
:
yet
sum
think
them
to
be
squerels
Ge●nerus
wryteth
that
the
kyngs
of
the
Tartars
,
haue
theyre
ten●e●
couered
withowt
wyth
the
skynnes
of
lyons
:
&
within
▪
with
the
skynnes
of
●sbles
and
Ermynes
.
Or
that
yf
it
bee
in
any
parte
inhabited
,
the
same
to
be
possessed
of
the
Tartar
Schichmamai
.
Thinhabitantes
haue
a
peculiar
language
:
and
haue
theyr
chiefe
gaynes
by
the
furres
of
marterns
,
whiche
in
fayrenes
and
greatnes
,
excell
all
the
furres
of
that
kynde
that
are
founde
in
any
other
prouinces
.
Yet
coulde
I
haue
no
great
plentie
of
them
in
Moscouia
at
my
beinge
there
.
Note
that
longe
after
the
writyng
of
this
hystorie
,
at
Rycharde
Chaunceler
his
fyrst
being
in
Moscouia
,
Duke
Iohn
Uasilivich
that
nowe
raygneth
,
subdued
all
the
Tartars
with
theyr
regions
and
prouinces
euen
vnto
the
great
citie
and
mart
towne
of
Astrachan
&
the
Caspian
●ea
.
At
the
same
tyme
also
,
there
was
in
the
dukes
court
an
ambassadour
that
came
frome
this
prouince
of
Sibier
:
who
declared
that
his
father
had
byn
sent
ambassadour
to
the
great
Chan
of
Cathay
.
And
that
the
great
citie
of
Cambalu
where
the
great
Chan
kepeth
his
courte
in
winter
,
was
in
maner
destroyed
by
Necromancie
and
magicall
artes
wherin
the
Cathaynes
are
very
expert
as
wryteth
Marcus
Paulus
Uenctus
.
Ther
was
also
at
the
same
tyme
th
ambassadour
of
the
kynge
of
Persia
cauled
the
great
Sophic
.
This
ambassadour
was
appareled
all
inscarlet
,
and
spake
much
to
the
duke
in
the
behalfe
of
owre
men
,
of
whose
kyngdome
and
trade
he
was
not
ignorant
.
The
people
cauled
Czeremisse
,
Czeremisse
.
dwell
in
the
wooddes
beneth
Nouogardia
the
lower
.
They
haue
a
peculiar
language
and
are
of
the
secte
of
Machumet
.
They
were
sumtyme
subiecte
to
the
kynge
of
Casan
:
but
the
greater
part
of
them
are
nowe
subiecte
to
the
prince
of
Moscouia
.
Many
of
them
at
my
beinge
there
,
were
brought
to
Moscouia
,
as
suspected
of
rebellion
.
This
nation
doth
inhabite
a
large
region
withowt
houses
from
Uuiathka
and
Uuolochda
,
h●bitacion
withowt
houses
.
to
the
ryuer
of
Kama
All
the
nation
aswell
women
as
men
,
are
very
swyft
of
foote
,
and
expert
archers
:
wherin
they
so
delite
,
that
theyr
bowes
are
in
maner
neuer
owt
of
theyr
handes
:
and
gyue
theyr
children
no
meate
vntyl
they
hyt
the
marke
they
shoote
at
.
Two
leaques
distante
from
Nouogardia
the
lower
,
were
many
houses
to
the
similitude
of
a
citie
or
towne
,
where
they
were
accustomed
to
make
salte
.
Salte
.
These
a
fewe
yeares
sense
beinge
burnt
of
the
Tartars
,
were
restored
by
the
commaundement
of
the
prince
.
Mordwa
,
are
people
inhabytynge
by
the
ryuer
of
Uolga
on
the
south
banke
beneth
Nouogardia
the
lower
:
And
are
in
al
thynges
like
vnto
the
Czeremisses
but
that
they
haue
more
houses
.
And
here
endeth
Th
empire
of
the
Moscouites
.
Note
here
that
Matthias
of
Michou
,
in
his
booke
of
Sarmatia
Asiatica
,
writeth
that
the
dominion
of
the
duke
of
Moscouia
recheth
from
the
northwest
to
the
southeast
fyue
hundreth
myles
of
Germanie
,
which
are
more
then
leaques
.
For
they
affirme
that
a
Germane
myle
is
more
then
three
Englysshe
myles
.
¶
Of
the
Tartars
.
WEe
wyll
nowe
adde
hereunto
sumwhat
of
the
people
confinynge
with
●he
Moscouites
towarde
the
East
:
of
the
which
the
Tartars
of
Casan
are
the
first
.
The
Tartars
of
Casan
.
But
before
wee
speake
of
them
particularly
,
wee
wyl
fyrst
reherse
sumwhat
of
theyr
maners
and
customes
in
generall
.
The
Tartars
are
diuided
into
companies
which
they
caul
Hordas
,
of
the
which
the
Horda
of
the
Sawolhenses
is
the
chiefe
in
fame
and
multitude
.
horda
.
For
it
is
sayde
that
the
other
Hordas
had
theyr
ofsprynge
and
original
of
this
.
And
albeit
that
euery
Horda
hath
his
peculiar
name
,
as
the
Sawolhenses
,
Precropenses
,
and
Nahays
with
dyuers
other
being
all
Machumetans
,
yet
doo
they
take
it
euyll
and
count
it
reproch
to
bee
cauled
Turkes
:
but
wyll
them selues
to
bee
cauled
Besermani
,
Besermani
.
by
the
which
name
also
the
Turkes
desyre
to
bee
cauled
.
And
as
the
Tartars
inhabyte
many
prouynces
reachynge
far
on
euery
syde
,
euen
so
in
maners
and
order
of
lyuynge
doo
they
not
agree
in
all
thynges
.
They
are
men
of
meane
stature
,
The
stature
of
the
Tartars
.
with
broade
and
fat
faces
,
holowe
eyde
,
with
roughe
and
thyck
beardes
,
and
poulde
heades
.
Onely
the
noble
men
haue
longe
heare
,
and
that
exceadyng
black
,
which
they
wreath
on
both
sydes
theyr
eares
.
They
are
stronge
of
body
and
stoute
of
mynde
:
prone
to
leacherye
,
and
that
vnnaturall
.
They
eate
the
fleasshe
of
horses
,
camells
,
and
other
b●astes
excepte
hogges
,
They
abste●ne
from
hogges
flesshe
.
Abstinence
.
from
which
they
absteyne
by
a
lawe
.
They
can
so
abyde
fasting
&
hunger
,
that
they
suntime
forbeare
meate
and
sleepe
for
the
space
of
foure
days
,
occupyed
neuerthele●se
aboute
theyr
necessary
affayres
.
Ageyne
when
they
gette
any
thyng
to
deuoure
,
Uoracitie
.
they
ingorge
them selues
beyond
measure
:
and
with
that
surfecte
in
maner
recompense
theyr
former
abstynence
.
And
beynge
thus
oppressed
with
laboure
and
meate
,
they
sleepe
contynually
for
the
space
of
three
or
foure
days
withowt
doyng
any
maner
of
worke
or
labour
:
durynge
which
tyme
the
Lyuons
and
Moscouites
into
whose
domynyons
they
are
accustomed
to
make
theyr
incursions
,
assayle
them
vnwares
thus
oppressed
with
meate
and
sleepe
,
lyinge
scatered
here
and
there
owt
of
order
withowte
watch
or
warde
.
Also
if
when
they
ryde
,
they
bee
molested
with
hunger
and
thyrste
,
So
doo
the
Turkes
.
they
vse
to
lette
theyr
horses
blud
,
and
with
drynkyng
the
same
,
satysfye
theyr
present
necessytie
,
and
affyrme
theyr
horses
to
bee
the
better
therby
.
And
bicause
they
all
wander
in
vnknowen
places
,
they
vse
to
dyrect
theyr
iorneys
by
th
aspecte
of
the
starres
,
Iorneying
by
the
pole
star
.
and
especyally
of
the
pole
starre
,
which
in
theyr
tounge
they
caule
Selesnikoll
,
(
that
is
)
an
iren
nayle
.
They
greatly
delyte
in
mares
mylke
,
Mares
mylke
and
beleue
that
it
maketh
men
strong
and
fatte
.
They
eate
herbes
very
much
:
and
especyally
such
as
growe
abowt
Tanais
.
Fewe
of
them
vse
salte
.
horse
flesshe
eaten
.
When
theyr
kynges
dystrybute
any
vytayles
among
them
,
they
are
accustomed
to
gyue
one
horse
or
cowe
to
fortye
men
.
Of
the
slayne
beaste
,
the
bowells
and
trypes
are
reserued
for
the
chiefe
men
and
capytaynes
.
Clenly
.
These
they
heate
at
the
fyre
vntyll
they
may
shake
owt
the
doonge
,
and
then
deuoure
them
gredely
.
They
sucke
and
lycke
,
not
only
theyr
fyngers
imbrued
with
fatte
,
but
also
theyr
knyues
and
styckes
wherwith
they
scrape
the
doong
from
the
guttes
.
The
heades
of
horses
are
counted
delycate
disshes
with
them
as
are
bores
heades
with
vs
:
hors
heades
,
deintie
meate
and
are
reserued
only
for
the
chyefe
men
.
The
Tartars
horses
.
Theyr
horses
(
wherof
they
haue
great
aboundaunce
)
are
but
smaule
,
and
with
short
neckes
:
but
very
strong
and
such
as
can
wel
away
with
labour
&
hunger
.
These
they
fede
with
the
branches
&
barkes
or
ryndes
of
trees
&
the
rotes
of
hearbes
and
weedes
,
wherby
they
accustome
them
to
hard
feedynge
,
and
exercyse
them
to
contynuall
laboure
:
by
reason
wherof
(
as
say
the
Moscouytes
)
theyr
horses
are
swyfter
and
more
durable
then
any
other
.
These
kynde
of
horses
,
they
caule
Pachmat
.
They
haue
none
other
saddells
and
steroppes
then
of
woodd
,
Saddels
and
styrrops
of
woodde
.
except
suche
as
they
eyther
bye
of
the
Chrystians
,
or
take
from
them
by
vyolence
.
Least
theyr
horse
backes
shulde
bee
hurte
with
theyr
saddells
,
they
vnderlaye
them
with
grasse
and
leaues
of
trees
.
They
also
passe
ouer
ryuers
on
horsbacke
.
But
if
when
they
flye
,
they
feare
the
pursuynge
of
theyr
enemyes
,
then
castynge
away
theyr
saddells
,
apparelle
,
and
all
other
impedymentes
,
reseruyng
only
theyr
armoure
and
weapons
they
flye
amayne
and
with
greate
ceelrytye
.
Theyr
women
vse
the
same
kynde
of
apparell
that
doo
the
men
withowt
any
dyfference
except
that
they
couer
theyr
heades
with
lynnen
vayles
,
The
Tartars
women
.
and
vse
lynnen
hose
muche
lyke
vnto
maryners
sloppes
.
When
theyr
queenes
coome
abrod
,
they
are
accustomed
to
couer
theyr
faces
.
The
other
multytude
of
the
common
sorte
that
lyueth
here
and
ther
in
the
feeldes
,
haue
theyr
apparell
made
of
sheepes
skynnes
,
which
they
chaung
not
vntyll
they
bee
worne
and
torne
to
fytters
.
They
tarye
not
longe
in
one
place
,
iudgyng
it
a
great
mysery
so
to
doo
:
The
Tartars
curse
.
In
so
muche
that
when
they
are
angrie
with
theyr
chyldren
,
the
greatest
curse
that
they
can
gyue
them
,
is
that
they
maye
remayne
perpetually
in
one
place
,
and
drawe
the
stynshe
of
theyr
owne
fylthynesse
as
doo
the
Chrystyans
.
When
they
haue
consumed
the
pasture
in
one
place
,
they
go
to
an
other
with
theyr
droues
of
cattayle
and
theyr
wyues
and
chyldren
whom
they
euer
cary
about
with
them
in
Wagons
:
albeit
the
Tartars
that
dwell
in
cities
and
townes
,
vse
an
other
order
of
lyuynge
.
If
they
be
inclosed
with
any
daungerous
warr●
,
they
place
theyr
wyues
,
chyldren
,
and
owld
folkes
,
in
the
sauest
places
.
There
is
no
iustice
amonge
them
.
No
iustice
amonge
the
Tartars
.
For
if
any
man
stande
in
neade
of
any
thynge
,
he
may
withowt
punnysshemente
take
it
awaye
from
an
other
.
If
any
complayne
to
the
Iudge
of
the
vyolence
and
wronge
doonne
vnto
hym
,
the
offender
denyeth
not
the
cryme
,
but
sayth
that
he
coulde
not
lacke
that
thyng
.
Then
the
Iudge
is
wonte
to
gyue
thys
sentence
:
If
thowe
also
shalte
haue
neede
of
any
thynge
doo
the
lyke
to
other
.
Sum
say
they
do
not
steale
:
But
whether
they
steale
or
not
,
lette
other
iudge
.
They
are
surely
a
thee●●sshe
kynd
of
men
and
very
poore
,
The
Tartars
are
theeues
and
poore
.
lyuynge
only
by
robbyng
of
other
,
and
stealyng
away
other
mens
cattayle
,
and
vyolently
also
caryynge
awaye
the
men
them selues
whom
eyther
they
selle
to
the
Turkes
or
proffer
them
to
bee
redemed
by
ransome
,
reseruynge
only
the
younge
wenches
.
They
seldome
assaulte
cities
or
castells
,
They
reioyce
in
spoylynge
but
burne
and
waste
townes
and
vyllagyes
:
In
so
muche
that
they
so
please
them selues
herin
,
that
they
thynke
they
haue
so
muche
the
more
inlarged
their
empire
,
in
howe
muche
they
haue
wasted
and
made
desolate
manye
prouynces
.
And
althowgh
they
bee
moste
impacyent
of
reste
and
quyetnesse
,
yet
doo
they
not
kyll
or
destroye
one
an
other
,
excepte
theyr
kynges
●ee
at
dessention
betweene
them selues
.
If
any
man
bee
slaine
in
any
fraye
or
quarel
,
and
the
autours
of
the
myschefe
bee
taken
,
only
theyr
horsse
,
harnesse
,
weapons
,
and
app●rell
,
are
taken
from
them
,
and
they
dismissed
.
So
that
the
murtherer
by
the
losse
of
a
vyle
horse
or
a
bowe
,
is
dyscharged
of
the
Iudge
with
these
woordes
:
gette
the
hense
and
goo
abowte
thy
busynesse
.
They
haue
no
vse
of
golde
and
syluer
,
excepte
only
a
fewe
marchauntes
:
But
exersyse
exchaunge
of
ware
for
ware
.
And
if
it
so
chaunce
that
by
sellyng
of
such
thynges
as
they
haue
stolne
,
they
gette
any
monye
of
theyr
bortherers
,
they
bye
therwith
certeyne
apparel
and
other
nece●saryes
of
the
Moscouites
.
The
regyons
of
theyr
habytations
(
the
feelde
Tartars
I
meane
)
are
not
lymytted
with
any
boundes
or
borthers
.
The
feelde
Tartars
.
A
mery
tale
.
There
was
on
a
tyme
a
certeyne
fatte
Tartar
taken
prysoner
of
the
Moscouites
:
to
whom
when
the
prynce
sayd
,
How
arte
thow
so
fatte
thowe
dogge
,
sythe
thowe
haste
not
to
eate
,
the
Tartar
answered
,
Why
shulde
not
I
haue
to
eate
sythe
I
possesse
so
large
a
land
from
the
East
to
the
west
,
wherby
I
may
bee
abundauntely
nury●shed
?
But
thowe
mayste
rather
seeme
to
lacke
,
syth
thowe
inhabytest
so
smaule
a
portion
of
the
worlde
,
and
duste
dayly
stryue
for
the
same
.
Casan
,
Ca●an
.
is
a
kyngedome
,
also
a
citie
,
and
a
castell
of
the
same
name
,
situate
by
the
ryuer
Uolga
on
the
further
b●nke
,
almost
threscore
and
ten●e
leaques
beneath
Nouogar●ia
the
lower
.
Alonge
by
the
cour●e
of
Uolga
towarde
the
East
an●
South
,
it
is
termined
with
deserte
fyeldes
.
Towarde
the
sommer
East
,
it
confineth
with
the
●artars
cauled
Schiba●●●i
,
and
Kosatzki
.
The
kynge
of
this
prouince
,
The
kynge
of
Ca●an
.
is
able
to
make
an
army
of
.xxx.
thousande
men
,
especially
foote
men
,
of
the
which
the
Czeremi●se
&
Czubas●hi
are
most
expert
a●chers
.
Archers
.
The
Czubaschi
are
also
cunnynge
maryners
,
Maryners
.
The
citie
of
Casan
,
is
threscore
leaques
distant
from
the
princip●l
castel
Uuiathka
.
Furthermore
,
Casan
in
the
Tartars
language
,
The
towne
Tartars
.
signifieth
a
bra●en
potte
boylynge
.
These
Tartars
are
more
ciuile
then
the
other
.
For
they
dwell
in
houses
,
tyll
the
grownde
,
and
exercise
the
trade
of
marchaundies
.
They
were
of
late
subdued
by
Basilius
the
greate
duke
of
Moscouia
,
and
had
theyr
kynge
assigned
them
at
his
arbitriment
.
But
shortely
after
,
Mo●cou●a
inu●ded
by
the
Tartars
.
they
rebelled
ageine
:
and
associate
with
other
Tartars
,
inuaded
the
region
of
Moscouia
,
spoyled
and
wasted
many
cities
and
townes
,
and
ledde
away
innumerable
captiues
,
euen
from
the
citie
Moscouia
which
they
possessed
for
a
tyme
,
and
had
vtterly
destroyed
the
same
if
it
had
not
byn
for
the
valyantnesse
of
the
Almayne
gunners
which
kept
the
castell
with
great
or●inaunce
.
The
prince
of
moscouia
tributary
to
the
Tartars
.
They
also
putte
duke
Basilius
to
flyght
,
and
caused
him
to
make
a
letter
of
his
owne
hande
to
Machmetgirei
theyr
kynge
to
acknowleage
hym selfe
for
a
perpetuall
tributarie
to
them
,
wheruppon
they
di●solued
the
siege
,
and
gaue
the
Moscou●tes
free
liber●ie
to
redeeme
theyr
captiues
and
gooddes
,
and
so
departed
.
But
Basilius
not
longe
able
to
abyde
this
contumelie
and
dishonour
,
Duke
Basilius
arm●
ageynst
the
Tartars
.
after
that
he
had
putte
to
death
suche
as
flyinge
at
the
fy●st
encounterynge
were
the
cause
of
this
ouerthrowe
,
assembled
an
armye
of
a
hundreth
and
fourescore
thousande
men
shortely
after
in
the
yeare
.1523
.
And
sent
forwarde
his
army
vnder
the
conducte
of
his
Lieuetenaunte
:
and
therewith
an
heralde
at
armes
to
bydde
battayle
to
Machmetgirei
the
kynge
of
Casan
,
with
woordes
in
this
e●●ecte
:
The
last
yeare
lyke
a
theefe
and
robber
withowt
byddyng
of
battayle
,
thou
dyddeste
pryuilie
oppresse
me
.
Wherefore
I
nowe
chalenge
the
,
once
ageyne
to
proue
the
fortune
of
warre
if
thou
mystruste
not
thyne
owne
poure
.
To
this
the
kynge
answered
,
that
there
were
manye
wayes
open
for
hym
to
inuade
Moscouia
:
And
that
the
warres
haue
no
lesse
respect
to
the
commoditie
of
tyme
and
place
then
of
armure
or
strength
:
And
that
he
wold
take
th
aduantage
therof
when
&
where
it
shulde
seeme
best
to
him
and
not
to
other
.
With
which
woordes
Basilius
b●inge
greatly
accensed
and
burnyng
with
desyre
of
reuenge
,
inuaded
the
kyngdome
of
Casan
:
whose
kynge
beinge
stryken
with
suddeyne
feare
at
th
approche
of
so
terrible
an
army
,
assigned
the
gouernance
of
his
kyngdome
to
the
younge
kynge
of
Taurica
his
neuie
,
whyle
he
hym selfe
went
to
requyre
ayde
of
the
Emperour
of
the
Turkes
.
But
in
fine
the
kynge
of
Casan
submytted
hym selfe
vppon
certeyne
conditions
of
peace
whiche
the
Moscouites
dyd
the
gladlyer
excepte
for
that
time
because
theyr
vittayles
fayled
them
to
maynteyne
so
great
a
multitude
.
The
kyng
of
Casan
●ubmitteth
hym selfe
.
But
wheras
duke
Basilius
hym selfe
was
not
present
at
this
last
expedition
,
he
greatly
suspected
Palitzki
the
Lieuetenaunte
of
th
army
to
bee
corrupted
with
brybes
to
proceade
no
further
.
In
this
meane
tyme
,
the
kynge
of
Casan
sent
ambassadours
to
Basilius
to
intreate
of
peace
:
whome
I
sawe
in
the
dukes
courte
at
my
beynge
there
:
but
I
coulde
perceaue
no
hope
of
peace
to
bee
betwene
them
.
For
euen
then
,
Basilius
to
endomage
the
Casans
,
translated
the
marte
to
Nouogardia
,
which
before
was
accustomed
to
bee
kepte
in
the
Ilande
of
marchauntes
nere
vnto
the
citie
of
Casan
:
The
Iland
of
marchauntes
Commaundyng
also
vnder
peyne
of
greuous
punysshemente
that
none
of
his
subiectes
shulde
resorte
to
the
Ilande
of
marchauntes
:
thynkyng●
that
this
translation
of
the
marte
shulde
greately
haue
endomaged
the
Casans
:
and
that
only
by
takyng
away
their
trade
of
salte
(
which
they
were
accustomed
to
bye
of
the
Moscouites
at
that
marte
)
they
shulde
haue
byn
compelled
to
submyssion
.
But
the
Moscouites
them selues
felte
no
lesse
inconuenience
hereby
then
dyd
the
Casans
,
by
reason
of
the
dearth
and
●earesenesse
that
folowed
hereof
of
al
such
thynges
as
the
Tartars
were
accustomed
to
brynge
thyther
by
the
ryuer
of
Uolga
from
the
Caspian
sea
,
The
Ca●pi●n
●ea
.
the
kyngedomes
of
Persia
and
Armenia
,
P●r●ia
.
●●menia
.
and
the
marte
towne
of
Astrachan
:
●str●c●an
.
especially
the
great
number
of
most
excellent
fysshes
that
are
taken
in
Uolga
both
on
the
hyther
and
further
syde
of
Casan
.
But
hauynge
sayde
thus
much
of
the
warres
betwene
the
prince
of
Moscouia
and
the
Tartars
of
Casan
,
we
wyll
now
procede
to
speake
sumwhat
of
the
other
Tartars
inhabytyng
the
regions
towarde
the
southeast
and
the
Caspian
sea
.
Next
beyonde
the
Tartars
of
Casan
,
The
Tartars
neare
to
the
Caspian
●ea
.
are
the
Tartars
cauled
Nagai
or
Nogai
,
Nog●i
.
which
inhab●te
the
regions
beyond
Uolga
abowt
the
Caspian
sea
at
the
ryuer
Iaick
,
runnyng
owt
of
the
prouince
of
Sibier
.
These
haue
no
kynges
but
dukes
In
owre
tyme
,
three
bretherne
diuydynge
the
prouinces
equally
betwene
them
,
possessed
those
dukedomes
.
The
po●se●sion
of
three
brytherne
.
The
fyrst
of
them
named
Schidack
,
possesseth
the
citie
of
Scharaitzick
,
beyond
the
ryuer
of
Rha
or
Uolga
towarde
the
Easte
,
with
the
region
confinynge
with
the
ryuer
Iaick
.
The
seconde
cauled
Cossum
,
enioyeth
all
the
lande
that
lyethe
betwene
the
ryuers
of
Kaman
Iaick
and
Uolga
.
The
thryde
brother
named
Schichmamai
,
possesseth
parte
of
the
prouince
of
Sibier
and
all
the
region
abowt
the
same
.
Schichmamai
,
is
as
much
to
say
by
interpretacion
,
as
holy
or
myghty
.
And
in
maner
al
these
regions
are
full
of
wooddes
,
excepte
that
that
lyeth
towarde
Scharaitz
,
which
consysteth
of
playnes
and
fyeldes
.
Betwene
the
ryuers
of
Uolga
and
Iaick
,
abowt
the
Caspian
sea
,
there
sumtymes
inhabyted
the
kynges
cauled
Sawolhenses
.
The
kynges
cauled
Sawolhenses
.
Demetrius
Danielis
(
a
man
among
these
barbarians
,
of
singular
fayth
and
grauitie
)
toulde
vs
of
a
maruelous
and
in
maner
incredible
thyng
that
is
sene
amonge
And
that
his
father
beinge
sente
by
the
prynce
of
Moscouia
to
the
kynge
of
Sawolhense
,
sawe
whyle
he
was
in
that
legacie
,
a
certeyne
seede
in
that
Ilande
sumwhat
lesse
and
rounder
then
the
seedes
of
Melones
:
Of
the
whiche
beinge
hydde
in
the
grounde
,
there
groweth
a
frute
or
plante
very
lyke
a
lambe
,
A
maruelous
frute
lyke
a
lambe
.
of
the
heyght
of
fyue
spannes
:
And
is
therfore
cauled
in
theyr
tounge
Boranetz
,
whiche
signifyeth
a
lyttle
lambe
.
For
it
hath
the
headde
,
eyes
,
eares
,
an
all
other
partes
like
vnto
a
lambe
newly
cyned
:
with
also
a
very
thynne
skynne
wherwith
dyuers
of
th
inhabitauntes
of
those
regions
are
accustomed
to
line
theyr
cappes
and
hattes
and
other
tyrementes
for
theyr
heades
.
Many
also
confirmed
in
owre
presence
that
they
had
seene
these
skynnes
.
He
sayde
furthermore
that
that
plant
(
if
it
may
bee
cauled
a
plant
hath
bludde
,
and
no
flesshe
:
but
hath
in
the
steade
of
flesshe
a
certeyne
substance
like
vnto
the
flesshe
of
creuysshes
.
The
hoofes
also
are
not
of
horne
a●
are
the
lambes
,
but
couered
with
heare
in
the
same
forme
.
The
roote
cleaueth
to
the
nauell
or
myddest
of
the
belly
.
The
plante
or
fruite
lyueth
vntyll
all
the
grasse
and
herbes
growyn●e
abowte
it
beinge
eaten
,
the
roote
wythereth
for
lacke
of
nurysshement
.
They
say
that
it
is
very
sweete
to
bee
eaten
,
and
is
therefore
greately
desyred
and
sought
for
of
the
woolues
and
other
rauenynge
beastes
.
And
albeit
I
extreme
all
that
is
sayde
of
this
plant
to
be
fabulous
,
yet
forasmuch
as
it
hath
byn
toulde
me
of
credible
persons
,
I
haue
thought
good
to
make
mention
hereof
.
Of
this
straunge
frute
,
Mandeuell
maketh
m●ntion
,
Mandeuell
.
where
in
the
.
ixxxiiii
.
chapiture
of
his
booke
he
wryteth
thus
:
Nowe
shall
I
say
of
sum
landes
,
countreys
,
and
Iles
that
are
beyonde
the
lande
of
Cathay
.
Therfore
who
so
goeth
from
Cathay
to
India
the
hygh
and
the
lowe
▪
he
shall
go
through
a
kyngedome
that
men
caule
Cadissen
,
and
is
a
great
lande
.
There
groweth
a
maner
of
frute
as
it
were
gourdes
.
And
when
it
is
rype
,
men
cut
it
a
sunder
:
and
fynd
therin
a
beast
as
it
were
of
fle●she
,
bone
,
and
bludde
,
as
it
were
a
lyttle
lambe
withowt
woolle
.
Barnacles
o●
the
O●ke●eys
.
And
men
eate
that
beast
and
the
frute
also
,
which
is
a
great
maruayle
Neuerthelesse
,
I
sayde
vnto
them
that
I
helde
that
for
no
maruayle
.
For
I
sayde
that
in
my
coun●rey
are
tres
that
beare
frute
that
become
byrdes
flying
which
are
good
to
bee
eaten
.
And
that
that
fauleth
into
the
water
,
lyueth
:
And
that
that
fauleth
on
the
earth
dyeth
.
And
they
had
greate
maruayle
of
this
▪
&c.
From
the
prince
of
Schidack
,
proceadyng
.xx.
dayes
iorney
towarde
the
East
,
are
the
people
which
the
Moscouites
caule
Iurgenci
,
whose
prince
is
Barack
Soltan
,
Barack
Soltan
.
brother
to
the
greate
Chan
of
Cathay
.
Cathay
.
In
tenne
days
iorney
from
Barack
Soltan
,
they
coomme
to
Bebe●d
Chan.
And
this
is
that
great
Chan
of
Cathay
.
Names
of
dignities
amonge
the
Tartars
,
Names
of
dignities
amonge
the
Tartars
.
are
these
,
Chan
,
signifieth
a
kynge
.
Soltan
,
the
soonne
of
a
kynge
.
Bii
,
a
Duke
.
Mursa
,
the
soonne
of
a
duke
.
Olboud
,
a
noble
man
or
counsiler
.
Olboadulu
,
the
soonne
of
a
noble
man
.
Seid
,
the
hygh
preste
.
Ksi
,
a
priuate
person
.
The
names
of
offices
are
these
:
Names
of
offices
.
Ulan
,
the
seconde
dignitie
to
the
kynge
.
For
the
kynges
of
the
Tartars
haue
foure
principall
men
whose
counsayle
they
vse
in
al
theyr
weyghty
affayres
.
Of
these
the
fyrste
is
cauled
Schirni
:
the
seconde
Barni
.
the
thyrde
,
Gargni
:
The
fourth
,
Tziptzan
.
And
to
haue
sayde
thus
much
of
the
Tartars
,
it
shall
suffice
.
Marcus
Pau●us
wryteth
that
the
greate
Chan
,
is
cauled
●han
Cubl●i
that
is
,
the
great
kynge
of
kynges
:
Chan
Cublai
as
the
greate
turcke
wryteth
hym selfe
in
lyke
maner
,
as
I
●awe
in
a
letter
wrytten
by
hym
of
late
to
the
citie
of
Raguls
,
in
the
which
he
v●eth
this
●ub●cr●ption
:
Soltan
Soliman
deselun
Chain
Signore
de
Signo●
in
●empiterno
.
As
concernynge
Mo●couia
and
Cathay
,
I
was
mynded
to
haue
added
hereunto
dyuers
other
thynges
,
but
that
for
certeyne
considerations
I
was
persuaded
to
proceade
no
further
.
Unto
who●e
requeste
,
herein
satisfyinge
rather
other
then
my selfe
,
wyllynge
otherwyse
to
haue
accomplysshed
this
booke
to
further
perfection
,
I
was
content
to
agree
for
two
causes
especaially
mouynge
me
:
wherof
the
one
is
,
that
as
touchynge
these
trades
and
vyages
▪
as
in
maner
in
all
other
sciences
,
there
are
certeyne
secreates
not
to
bee
publysshed
and
made
common
to
all
men
.
The
other
cause
is
,
that
the
parteners
at
whose
charge
this
booke
is
prynted
,
although
the
c●ppy
wherof
they
haue
wrought
a
longe
space
haue
cest
them
nought
doo
not
neuerthelesse
cease
dayly
to
caule
vppon
me
to
make
an
end
and
proceade
no
further
:
affirmynge
that
the
booke
wyll
bee
of
to
great
a
pryce
&
not
euery
mans
money
:
fearyng
rather
theyr
owne
losse
and
hynderaunce
,
then
carefull
to
bee
beneficiall
to
other
,
as
is
nowe
in
maner
the
trade
of
all
men
.
which
ordinarie
respecte
of
priuate
commoditie
hath
at
this
tyme
so
lyttle
m●ued
me
,
I
take
god
to
wytnesse
,
that
for
my
paynes
and
trauayles
taken
herein
such
as
they
bee
,
I
may
vppon
iust
occasion
thynke
my selfe
a
looser
manye
wayes
,
except
such
men
of
good
inclination
as
shall
take
pleasure
and
feele
sum
commonditie
in
the
knowleage
of
these
thynges
,
shall
thynke
me
woorthy
theyr
good
woor●e
,
wherwith
I
shall
repute
my selfe
and
my
trauayles
so
abundantly
satysfyed
,
that
I
●hall
repute
other
mens
gaynes
a
recompense
for
my
losses
,
as
they
may
bee
in
deede
,
yf
men
bee
not
vnthankefull
,
which
only
vice
of
ingratitude
hath
hyndered
the
worlde
of
many
benefites
.
☞
The
nauigation
by
the
frosen
sea
.
AT
my
beinge
in
Moscouia
when
I
was
sent
thyther
by
kynge
Ferdinando
my
lorde
and
master
,
it
so
chaunced
that
Georgius
Istoma
the
duke
of
Moscouia
his
interpretour
,
a
man
of
great
experience
who
hadde
before
lerned
the
latin
tounge
in
the
court
of
Iohn
kynge
of
Denmarke
,
was
there
present
at
the
same
tyme
.
He
in
the
yeare
of
Christ
.1496
.
beinge
sente
of
his
prince
with
master
Dauid
a
scotte
borne
and
them
ambassadour
for
the
kynge
of
Denmarke
,
(
where
also
I
knows
there
at
my
fyrst
legacie
)
made
me
a
breefe
information
of
all
th
order
of
his
iorney
.
The
which
,
forasmuch
as
it
may
seeme
difficult
and
laborious
aswel
for
the
distaunce
as
daungerous
places
,
I
haue
thought
good
to
describe
the
same
as
I
receaued
it
at
his
mouth
.
Fyrst
he
sayde
that
beinge
sent
of
his
prince
with
the
sayd
Dauid
,
they
came
fyrst
to
Nouogardia
the
great
.
Nouogardia
.
And
wheras
at
the
tyme
the
kyngedome
of
Suecia
reuolted
frome
the
kynge
of
Denmarke
,
and
also
the
duke
of
Moscouia
was
at
discention
with
the
Suctians
,
Suecia
vnder
the
kynge
of
Denmarke
.
by
reason
wherof
they
coulde
not
passe
by
the
most
accustomed
way
for
the
tumultes
of
war
they
attempted
theyr
iorney
by
an
other
way
longer
by
safer
And
came
fyrst
from
Nouogardia
to
the
mouthes
of
the
ryuer
of
Dwina
and
Potiwlo
,
Dwina
.
Potiwlo
.
by
a
very
dyfficult
and
paynefull
iorney
.
For
he
sayd
that
this
iorney
which
can
not
bee
to
muche
de●ested
for
suche
laboures
and
trauayles
,
continueth
for
the
space
of
three
hundreth
leaques
.
In
fine
,
takyng
foure
smaul
shyppes
or
barkes
at
the
mouthes
of
Dwina
,
they
sayled
by
the
coaste
on
the
ryght
hande
of
the
Ocean
,
where
they
sawe
certeyne
hyghe
and
rowgh
mountaynes
:
hygh
mountayn●s
neare
the
north
Ocean
.
and
at
the
lengthe
saylynge
.xvi.
leaques
,
and
passynge
a
great
goulfe
,
folowed
the
coaste
on
the
lefte
hande
:
And
leauyng
on
the
ryght
hand
the
large
sea
which
hath
the
name
of
the
ryuer
Petzora
(
as
haue
also
the
mountaynes
adiacent
to
the
same
)
they
came
to
the
people
of
Finlappia
:
Finlappia
.
who
,
although
they
dwell
here
and
there
in
lowe
cottagies
by
the
sea
syde
,
and
leade
in
maner
a
beastly
lyfe
,
yet
are
they
more
meeke
and
tractable
then
the
wylde
Lappians
.
The
wylde
Lappians
.
He
sayde
that
these
also
are
tributaries
to
the
prince
of
Moscouia
.
Then
leauynge
the
lande
of
the
Lappians
,
and
saylynge
fourescore
leaques
,
they
came
to
the
region
of
Nortpoden
vnder
the
dominion
of
the
kynge
of
Suecia
This
the
Moscouites
caule
Katenska
Semla
,
The
region
of
Nortpoden
and
the
people
Kayeni
.
Departynge
from
hense
,
and
saylynge
alonge
by
the
coaste
of
a
wyndynge
and
bendynge
shore
reachyng
towarde
the
ryght
hande
,
they
came
to
a
promontorie
or
cape
cauled
the
Holy
nose
,
The
cape
cauled
the
holy
nose
.
beinge
a
greate
stone
reachynge
farre
into
the
sea
to
the
similitude
of
a
nose
:
vnder
the
whiche
is
seene
a
caue
with
a
whyrlepoole
which
swalowth
the
sea
euery
syxe
houres
:
A
whyrl●oole
or
swalowing
goulfe
.
and
castynge
furth
the
same
ageyne
with
terryble
rorynge
and
violence
,
causeth
the
sayde
whyrlepoole
.
Sum
caule
this
the
nauell
of
the
sea
:
and
other
name
it
Charybdis
.
He
affirmeth
that
the
violence
of
this
swalowynge
goulfe
is
such
,
that
it
draweth
into
it
,
inuolueth
,
●uch
whyrle
pooles
,
are
cauled
vipers
and
swaloweth
vp
shyppes
and
al
other
thynges
that
comme
neare
it
:
and
that
they
were
neuer
in
greater
daungioure
.
For
the
whyrlepoole
so
suddeynely
and
violentely
drewe
vnto
it
the
shyppe
or
barke
wherin
they
were
caryed
,
that
with
the
helpe
of
ores
and
great
labour
they
hardly
escaped
.
When
they
had
thus
ouerpassed
the
holy
nose
,
they
came
to
a
certeyne
stonye
mountayne
which
they
shulde
needes
compasse
abowte
.
But
beinge
there
stayed
with
contrary
wyndes
for
the
space
of
certeyne
dayes
,
the
pylotte
of
the
shippe
spake
vnto
them
in
this
effecte
:
This
stone
(
sayth
he
)
that
yowe
see
,
is
cauled
Semes
:
The
stone
cauled
S●mes
.
The
which
except
we
please
with
summe
gyfte
,
wee
shall
not
passe
by
withowt
great
daungiour
.
But
the
pylot
beinge
reproued
of
Istoma
for
his
vayne
superstition
,
Superstitio●
helde
his
peace
.
And
when
they
had
byn
deteined
ther
by
tempest
for
the
space
of
foure
dayes
,
at
the
length
the
tempest
ceased
and
they
went
forwarde
on
theyr
vyage
with
a
prosperous
wynd
.
Then
the
pilotte
spake
vnto
them
ageyne
,
sayinge
:
Yowe
despised
my
admonicion
of
pleasynge
the
Semes
,
and
scorned
the
same
as
vayne
and
superstitions
.
But
if
I
had
not
priuilie
in
the
nyght
ascended
a
rocke
and
pleased
the
Semes
,
wee
shulde
surely
haue
had
no
passage
.
Beinge
demaund●d
what
he
offered
to
the
Semes
,
Sacrifice
to
the
stone
Semes
he
sayde
that
he
poured
butter
myxt
with
otemele
vpon
the
stone
which
wee
sawe
reache
furth
into
the
sea
.
As
they
sayled
further
,
they
came
to
an
other
cape
named
Motka
,
The
cape
Motka
.
which
was
almost
enuironed
with
the
sea
lyke
an
Ilande
:
in
whose
extreme
poynte
,
is
situate
the
castell
of
Barthus
,
which
sum
caule
Wardhus
,
The
Castel
of
Wardhus
.
(
that
is
)
a
house
of
defence
or
fortresse
.
For
the
kynges
of
Norway
haue
there
a
garryson
of
men
to
defende
theyr
marches
.
He
sayde
furthermore
that
that
cape
reacheth
so
farre
into
the
sea
,
that
they
coulde
scarcely
compasse
it
in
eyght
dayes
.
By
which
tarying
leaste
they
shulde
bee
hyndered
,
they
caryed
on
theyr
shulders
with
greate
laboure
,
theyr
barkes
and
fardelles
ouer
a
streyght
of
lande
conteynyng
halfe
a
leaque
in
breadth
.
From
hense
they
sayled
to
the
region
of
the
wyld
Lappones
,
The
region
of
the
Wylde
Lappones
.
cauled
Dikilappones
to
a
place
named
Dront
,
D●ont
.
beinge
.
CC.
leaques
distant
from
Dwina
towarde
the
North
.
And
thus
farre
as
he
sayth
,
doth
the
prince
of
Moscouia
exacte
tribute
.
Furthermore
leauyng
theyr
barkes
here
,
they
fynysshed
the
residue
of
theyr
iorney
on
sleades
.
Iorneyinge
on
sleades
.
He
further
declared
that
there
were
heardes
of
hartes
as
are
with
vs
of
oxen
,
whiche
in
the
Noruegians
tounge
are
cauled
Rhen
,
beinge
sumwhat
bygger
then
owre
hartes
.
howe
the
baites
drawe
sleades
.
These
the
Lappones
vse
in
this
maner
.
They
ioyne
them
to
sleades
made
lyke
fyssher
botes
,
as
wee
put
horses
to
the
carte
.
The
man
in
the
sleade
,
is
tyed
fast
by
the
feete
least
he
fall
owte
by
the
swyfte
course
of
the
hartes
.
In
his
lefte
hande
,
he
holdeth
a
collar
or
rayne
wherwith
he
moderateth
the
course
of
the
hartes
:
and
in
the
ryght
hand
,
a
py●●ed
staffe
wherwith
he
may
susteine
the
sleade
from
faulyng
if
it
chaunce
to
decline
to
much
on
any
part
.
And
he
toulde
me
that
by
this
meanes
he
trauayled
twentie
leaques
in
one
daye
,
●●
.
leaques
in
one
day
.
and
then
dismysses
the
harte
,
who
by
hym selfe
returned
to
his
owne
master
and
accustomed
stable
.
This
iorney
thus
fynysshed
,
they
came
to
Berges
a
citie
of
Norduegia
or
Norway
,
The
citie
of
Berges
in
Norway
.
situate
d●rectly
towarde
the
north
betwene
the
mountaynes
:
and
went
from
thense
to
Denmarke
on
horsebacke
.
At
Dront
and
Berges
,
the
day
is
sayde
to
bee
.xxii.
houres
longe
in
the
sommer
Equinoctiall
.
Blasius
an
other
of
the
prynce
of
Moscouia
his
interpretours
,
who
a
fewe
yeares
before
,
was
sent
of
his
prince
into
Spayne
to
Th
emperour
,
declared
vnto
vs
an
other
and
shorter
way
of
his
iorney
.
A
shorter
iorney
.
For
he
sayde
that
when
he
was
sent
from
Moscouia
to
Iohn
the
kyng
of
Denmarke
,
he
came
fyrste
on
foote
vnto
Rostowe
:
Rostow
.
And
takynge
shyppe
there
,
came
to
Pereaslaw
:
Pereaslaw
.
and
from
Pereaslaw
by
the
ryuer
Uolga
to
Castromow
:
Castromow
.
and
that
from
thense
goynge
seuen
Werstes
by
lande
,
he
came
to
a
lyttle
ryuer
:
saylynge
by
the
which
,
when
fyrst
he
came
to
Uuolochda
,
Uuolochda
.
then
to
Suchana
,
Suchana
.
and
Dwina
,
Dwina
.
and
in
fine
to
the
citie
of
Berges
in
Norway
,
ouerpassynge
in
this
vyage
all
the
perelles
and
laboures
that
Istoma
rehearsed
before
,
he
came
at
the
length
to
Hafnia
the
ch●efe
citie
of
Denmarke
,
hafnia
.
whiche
the
Germaynes
caule
Koppenhagen
.
Koppenhagen
.
But
in
theyr
returnynge
home
,
they
both
confesse
that
they
came
to
Moscouia
by
Liuonia
:
Liuonia
.
and
that
they
were
a
yeare
in
this
vyage
:
Albeit
Georgius
Istoma
,
sayde
that
halfe
the
parte
of
that
tyme
,
he
was
hyndered
by
tempestes
,
and
inforced
to
tary
longe
in
many
places
by
the
waye
.
Yet
they
both
lykewyse
constantely
affirme
that
in
this
iorney
eyther
of
them
trauayled
a
thousand
threescore
and
ten
Werstes
werste
is
almost
an
Italian
myle
.
(
that
is
)
three
hundreth
and
fortie
leaques
.
Furthermore
also
Demetrius
who
of
late
was
sent
ambassadour
from
the
prynce
of
Moscouia
to
the
bysshoppe
of
Rome
,
(
by
whose
relation
also
Paulus
Iouius
wrote
his
description
of
Moscouia
)
confirmed
all
these
thynges
to
bee
trewe
.
Paulus
Iouius
.
All
they
being
demaunded
of
me
of
the
congeled
or
frosen
sea
,
made
none
other
answere
but
that
in
places
nere
vnto
that
sea
,
Ryuers
faulyng
into
the
fro●en
sea
.
they
saw
many
and
great
riuers
by
whose
vehemente
course
and
abundaunt
flowynge
,
the
seas
are
dryuen
farre
from
the
shore
:
and
that
the
sayde
water
of
the
ryuers
is
frosen
with
the
sea
a
good
space
from
the
lande
,
as
in
Liuonia
and
other
partes
of
Suecia
.
For
althowgh
by
the
vehemencie
of
the
wyndes
,
wynde
.
the
Ise
is
broken
in
the
sea
,
Ise.
yet
dooth
this
chaunce
seldome
or
neuer
in
ryuers
,
excepte
by
sum
inundation
or
flud
the
Ise
gathered
togyther
bee
lyfted
vp
and
broken
.
For
the
flakes
or
pieses
of
Ise
caryed
into
the
sea
by
force
of
the
ryuers
,
doo
flote
aboue
the
water
in
maner
all
the
hole
yeare
,
and
are
ageyne
so
vehemently
frosen
togyther
,
that
a
man
maye
there
sumtymes
see
great
heapes
of
the
Ise
of
manye
yeares
,
I
se
of
many
yeares
.
as
dooth
appere
by
such
pieses
as
are
dryuen
to
the
shore
by
the
wynde
.
I
haue
also
byn
credebly
informed
by
faythfull
men
that
the
sea
Baltheum
(
otherwyse
cauled
the
goulfe
of
Liuonia
)
is
often
tymes
frosen
in
many
places
.
The
sea
Baltheum
.
They
say
furthermore
,
that
in
that
region
whiche
is
inhabyted
of
the
wylde
Lappones
,
the
soonne
in
the
sommer
Equinoctiall
dooth
not
faule
for
the
space
of
.xl.
dayes
:
where
the
son
fauleth
not
in
.xl.
day●
.
yet
that
the
body
therof
is
so
hydden
with
a
darke
myste
or
cloude
three
houres
,
that
the
beames
doo
not
appere
:
Neuerthelesse
to
gyue
such
lyght
durynge
that
tyme
,
that
the
darkenesse
hyndereth
not
theyr
woorke
.
The
Moscouites
make
theyr
boste
that
these
wylde
Lappones
are
tributaries
to
theyr
prynce
.
The
Wylde
Lappones
are
tributaries
to
the
Moscouites
Wherat
I
do
not
greatly
maruayle
,
forasmuch
as
they
haue
none
other
neare
vnto
them
,
that
may
demaunde
tribute
of
them
.
Theyr
trybute
is
onely
furres
and
fysshe
,
Furres
and
fysshe
.
hauynge
in
maner
none
other
thynge
greately
commodious
.
And
albeit
they
lacke
breade
,
salte
,
and
other
intysementes
and
glutteny
,
and
lyue
onely
with
fysshe
and
wylde
beastes
,
yet
are
they
exceadyng
prone
to
lechery
.
They
are
such
expert
archers
,
Experte
archers
.
that
if
in
theyr
huntynge
they
espye
any
beastes
whose
skynnes
they
desyre
to
saue
vnperysshed
,
they
wyll
not
lyghtly
mysse
to
hytte
them
in
the
nosethrylles
.
●hen
they
go
furth
on
huntynge
,
they
are
accustomed
to
leaue
at
home
with
theyr
wyues
suche
marchauntes
or
straungers
as
they
haue
receaued
into
theyr
houses
.
Good
felowshyp
.
So
that
if
at
theyr
returne
,
they
perceaue
theyr
wyues
throwgh
the
company
of
the
strangers
to
be
myrier
and
more
iocunde
then
they
were
wonte
to
bee
,
they
gyue
the
straungers
sum
present
.
But
yf
they
fynd
it
otherwyse
,
they
thrust
them
furth
of
the
doores
with
woordes
of
reproche
.
But
nowe
by
the
company
they
haue
with
straungers
that
resorte
thyther
for
gaynes
,
they
begyn
to
leaue
theyr
natiue
barbarousnesse
.
They
gladly
admitte
marchauntes
,
bycause
they
brynge
them
apparel
of
grose
cloth
:
also
hatchettes
,
needels
,
spones
,
knyues
,
drynkynge
cuppes
,
earthen
and
brasen
pottes
,
with
such
oth●r
necessarie
wares
:
Necessary
warres
.
So
that
they
vse
now
to
eate
sodden
and
rosted
meate
,
and
doo
embrase
more
ciuile
maners
.
Theyr
owne
apparell
is
made
of
the
skynnes
of
dyuers
beastes
sowed
togyther
.
And
in
this
apparell
they
sumtymes
comme
to
Moscouia
.
Yet
fewe
of
them
haue
cappes
or
hosen
,
which
they
vse
to
make
of
hartes
skynnes
.
They
haue
not
the
vse
of
golde
or
syluer
money
:
No
v●e
of
money
.
but
vse
only
barteryng
of
ware
for
ware
.
And
beinge
ignorant
of
other
languages
besyde
theyr
owne
,
they
seeme
amonge
straungers
to
bee
in
maner
domme
.
Theyr
cotages
are
couered
onely
with
the
barkes
of
trees
.
Theyr
cotages
.
They
haue
no
certeyne
restynge
habitacion
.
But
when
they
haue
consumed
the
fysshe
and
wylde
beastes
in
one
place
,
they
remoue
to
an
other
.
Furthermore
also
the
sayde
ambassadours
of
the
prince
of
Moscouia
,
declared
that
in
the
same
partes
they
sawe
certeyne
hygh
mountaynes
continually
castynge
furth
flames
of
fyre
as
doth
the
mountayne
of
Etna
in
the
Ilande
of
Sicilia
:
Mountaynes
continually
bu●nyng
.
and
that
euen
in
Norway
,
many
mountaynes
are
faulen
downe
and
burnte
in
maner
to
asshes
with
such
continuall
flames
.
Which
thynge
sum
consyderyng
,
fayne
the
fyre
of
Purgatorie
to
bee
there
.
Purgatory
.
And
as
concernynge
these
mountaynes
of
Norway
,
when
I
was
sent
ambassadour
to
Christierne
kynge
of
Denmarke
,
I
was
informed
the
lyke
by
the
gouernours
of
Norwaye
who
chaunced
at
that
tyme
to
bee
present
there
.
Abowt
the
mouthes
of
the
ryuer
Petzora
that
are
toward
the
ryght
hande
from
the
mouthes
of
Dwina
,
The
ryuer
Pet●ora
,
are
sayd
to
bee
dyuers
and
great
beastes
in
the
Ocean
:
and
amonge
other
,
a
certeyne
great
beast
as
bygge
as
an
oxe
,
which
th
inhabitauntes
caule
Mors.
The
beaste
cauled
Mors.
This
beast
hath
shorte
feete
lyke
a
beuer
or
an
Otter
,
with
a
brest
sumwhat
hygh
and
brode
for
the
proportion
of
the
residue
of
his
body
:
and
two
longe
and
greate
teeth
growynge
owte
of
the
vpper
iawe
.
These
beastes
for
rest
and
increase
,
doo
sumtymes
leaue
the
Ocean
,
&
by
great
heardes
ascende
the
mountaynes
:
where
before
they
gyue
them selues
to
profounde
sleepe
(
wherunto
they
are
naturally
inclined
)
they
appoynt
one
of
theyr
number
as
it
were
a
watcheman
as
doo
cranes
for
the
securitie
of
the
reste
.
●he
prouidence
of
nature
.
Whiche
if
he
chaunce
to
sleepe
,
or
to
bee
slayne
of
the
hunters
,
the
residue
may
easely
bee
taken
.
But
if
the
watchman
gyue
warnynge
with
torynge
(
as
the
maner
is
)
immediatly
the
hole
hearde
a
wakened
thereby
,
suddeynly
put
theyr
hynder
feete
to
theyr
teeth
:
And
so
faulynge
from
the
mountayne
with
great
celeritie
as
it
were
on
a
s●eade
.
they
cast
them selues
headlong
into
the
Ocean
:
where
also
they
rest
and
sleepe
for
a
whyle
vppon
the
heapes
of
I
le
.
The
hunters
pursue
these
beastes
only
for
th●yr
teethe
:
Of
the
which
the
Moscouites
,
Tartars
,
and
especially
the
Turkes
,
make
haftes
for
swoordes
and
dagges
very
artificially
.
And
vse
these
rather
for
ornamente
,
then
to
gyue
the
greater
stroke
for
the
weyght
or
heauinesse
thereof
as
summe
fable
.
Also
amonge
the
Turkes
,
Moscouites
,
and
Tartars
,
these
teethe
are
soulde
by
weight
,
and
are
cauled
the
teethe
of
fysshes
.
The
frosen
sea
reacheth
farre
and
wyde
beyonde
Dwina
to
Petzcora
and
vnto
the
mouthes
of
the
great
riuer
Obi
:
The
frosen
sea
.
beyonde
the
which
they
say
to
bee
the
region
of
Engroneland
,
Engronland
or
Groneland
vnknowen
and
seperate
from
the
trade
and
conuersation
of
owre
men
,
by
reason
of
hygh
mountaynes
couered
and
coulde
with
perpetuall
snowe
,
and
the
sea
no
lesse
incumbered
with
contynually
Ise
whiche
hyndereth
nauigations
and
maketh
them
daungerous
,
as
they
saye
.
Of
the
generation
of
metalles
and
their
mynes
with
the
maner
of
fyndinge
the
same
:
written
in
the
Italien
tounge
by
Vannuccius
Biringuczius
in
his
booke
cauled
Pyrotechnia
.
To
his
louynge
frende
Master
Bernardino
Moncellese
,
greeting
.
WHereas
I
promysed
yow
to
wrytte
of
the
natures
of
metalles
in
particular
,
I
am
nowe
inforced
to
declare
euery
thinge
in
generale
,
and
especially
of
the
places
of
their
generation
and
their
order
,
with
the
forme
and
maner
of
woorkynge
in
the
same
,
and
the
instrumentes
therto
perteyninge
.
Yowe
shall
therefore
vnderstande
,
that
mynes
of
metalles
are
founde
in
the
moste
partes
of
the
worlde
,
more
or
lesse
according
to
the
diligence
of
witti
searchers
:
and
shew
them selues
standinge
in
the
grounde
in
maner
in
suche
sorte
as
the
veynes
of
bludde
are
disparsed
in
the
bodies
of
lyuing
beastes
,
The
mineral
tree
.
or
like
vnto
the
braunches
of
trees
spredde
foorth
diuers
wayes
.
Wherfor
,
the
diligent
searchers
of
mines
,
willing
by
a
certeyne
similitude
declare
howe
the
mynes
are
placed
in
the
mountaynes
,
haue
figured
a
greate
tree
full
of
branches
planted
in
the
myddeste
of
the
base
of
a
mountayne
,
frome
the
whyche
are
diriued
dyuers
and
many
bouwes
and
branches
,
sum
greate
and
sum
smaule
,
muche
like
vnto
verye
trees
that
are
in
owlde
woddes
.
The
mynes
doo
growe
.
They
will
also
that
in
growynge
,
they
euer
ingrose
them selues
and
reache
towarde
the
heauen
,
conuertynge
into
theyr
nature
the
moste
disposed
and
neare
matter
,
vntil
the
toppes
of
theyr
braunches
extend
to
the
highest
parte
of
the
mountayne
,
and
there
shewe
furthe
theyr selues
with
manifeste
apperaunce
,
puttinge
furthe
in
the
steade
of
bouwes
and
floures
,
certeyne
fumosites
of
blewe
or
greene
coloure
,
or
marchasites
with
smaule
veynes
of
ponderous
matter
,
Marchasites
.
or
suche
other
compositions
of
tinctures
.
And
when
by
this
means
they
shewe
them selues
vnto
vs
,
we
may
make
firme
coniecture
that
suche
mountaynes
are
minerall
,
and
that
accordinge
to
the
demonstrations
they
shewe
more
or
lesse
,
they
are
richer
or
porer
of
myne
.
Therefore
the
searchers
,
according
to
th
apperaunces
which
they
fynde
,
Signes
of
metals
.
take
good
courage
vnto
them
:
and
with
hope
and
securitie
of
profecte
,
apply
al
their
possible
diligence
with
witte
and
expenses
to
digge
or
gette
owte
such
ethynges
as
the
signes
and
owtewarde
apperaunces
declare
vnto
them
.
And
by
this
maner
of
fynd●nge
of
mynes
,
it
hath
often
tymes
chaunced
that
many
haue
byn
exalted
to
the
highest
degree
of
riches
.
Wheras
therfore
by
this
meanes
men
enter
into
the
mountaynes
with
the
eys
of
consideration
and
right
Iudgemente
,
and
see
the
places
where
the
mineralles
are
ingendered
and
comprehende
in
maner
theire
quantitie
,
they
adapte
theyr
caues
or
fosses
accordynge
therevnto
,
wheras
they
shulde
otherwyse
wander
by
chaunce
,
because
no
man
can
by
any
other
meanes
knowe
where
the
mines
are
in
the
mountaynes
,
although
he
were
of
neuer
so
good
iudgement
,
and
shulde
make
searche
for
the
same
neuer
so
curyously
by
litle
&
litle
.
It
shal
therfore
in
this
case
be
necessary
to
folow
the
certificat
&
aperaūces
of
signes
,
Signes
and
tokens
of
metals
.
&
to
encountre
the
same
as
nere
as
may
be
,
with
eys
&
eares
euer
attentiue
where
they
maye
hope
to
fynde
any
tokens
of
metalles
,
especially
by
enquyringe
of
shepardes
and
other
anciente
inhabitauntes
of
such
regions
in
the
which
mineralls
are
engendered
.
And
this
I
speake
the
rather
for
that
I
am
perswaded
that
at
the
first
sight
of
a
mountaine
,
Mountaynes
in
the
which
metals
are
engendered
.
by
reason
of
the
greate
barrennesse
and
roug●nes
therof
,
and
also
by
reason
of
the
great
aboundance
of
waters
that
are
engendered
in
the
same
,
a
right
good
iudgemente
shall
not
suffice
to
coomme
to
certayne
knoweleage
that
metall
is
contayned
in
such
mountaynes
,
vntill
the
searchers
haue
with
charges
and
trauail
caused
miners
in
sundry
places
to
discouer
the
same
.
And
therfore
I
also
beleue
that
one
man
althowgh
he
bee
neuer
so
stronge
,
wyttie
,
and
farre
castinge
,
shall
not
be
able
in
a
newe
and
straunge
contreye
,
to
searche
by
smaule
portions
not
onlye
all
the
mountaynes
of
one
or
moo
prouinces
which
may
bringe
furth
minerals
,
but
shall
with
muche
difficultie
scarsely
suffice
to
searche
the
secreates
of
only
one
mountayne
:
Ageynst
seeky●ge
metals
w●●h
the
rod
whi●h
they
caule
v●rgula
diuina
.
In
so
muc●e
that
sum
consyderinge
the
difficultie
hereof
,
are
of
opinion
that
in
this
effecte
,
it
shuld
be
requysite
to
worke
by
the
arte
of
Negromancie
,
which
I
thynke
to
be
a
fable
withowt
further
knoweleage
.
But
I
wolde
that
these
necromancers
shulde
tell
me
why
this
theire
arte
helpeth
theym
no
further
in
the
woorke
after
that
they
haue
once
founde
the
myne
,
if
it
be
trewe
that
they
say
.
Negromancie
,
Why
(
I
say
)
doth
it
not
helpe
them
furthe
as
at
the
begynnynge
to
fynde
the
myne
,
so
consequently
in
the
myddest
and
the
ende
to
brynge
the
●ame
to
further
perfection
,
as
to
gett●
it
owte
,
to
brynge
it
to
fusion
or
meltynge
,
and
to
purifie
or
pourge
it
from
drosse
,
which
doubtlesse
it
shulde
haue
pour●
to
doo
if
it
may
bee
beleaued
that
it
can
doo
the
other
.
But
forasmuch
as
such
effectes
are
so
fearefull
and
terrible
,
that
they
owght
not
or
can
not
be
practised
of
al
men
,
and
also
perhappes
bycause
such
maner
of
woorkynge
is
not
knowen
,
I
thinke
it
not
good
to
be
vsed
:
but
thinke
rather
by
good
reason
that
this
arte
is
so
much
the
more
to
be
omytted
and
contemned
,
in
howe
much
we
are
accustomed
in
the
begynnyng●
of
dyggynge
of
mynes
,
especially
to
caule
for
the
grace
of
god
that
it
may
please
hym
to
be
presente
with
his
ayde
to
owre
doubtfull
and
traualious
woorke
.
Lettynge
passe
therefore
this
deuylysshe
diuise
of
such
beastly
and
fearefull
men
,
I
exhorte
yowe
to
folowe
the
practise
by
the
foresayde
signes
minystred
vnto
yowe
by
the
benignitie
of
nature
,
bothe
grounded
vppon
the
foundation
of
truth
and
approued
by
th
experience
of
many
practicionars
,
not
consystynge
in
woordes
or
promysses
of
thynges
vayne
and
incomprehensible
.
With
these
signes
therfore
shall
yow
searche
the
bankes
and
sides
of
the
valleys
,
with
the
clyffes
and
ryftes
of
the
stones
,
and
the
backes
,
toppes
,
or
ridges
of
the
Montaynes
:
Also
the
beddes
,
chanels
,
and
courses
of
ryuers
,
lookynge
diligently
amonge
theyr
sandes
,
The
maner
of
searchyng
for
mynes
.
and
the
ruines
of
theyr
fosses
,
amonge
the
whiche
yow
shall
often
tymes
espie
marchasites
or
smaule
sparkes
of
mynes
,
or
other
dyuers
tinctures
of
metals
,
whereby
yow
may
be
certified
that
certeyne
mynes
are
in
such
places
,
which
yowe
shall
exactly
fynd
by
diligent
and
curious
searchyng
the
clyffes
of
theyr
ryftes
and
dry
places
.
After
these
aduertisementes
,
take
this
for
a
generall
signe
,
A
generall
signe
.
that
all
suche
places
and
mountaynes
are
mineral
,
owt
of
the
which
many
springes
and
great
abundaunce
of
crude
water
dooth
isshewe
,
hauyng
with
theyr
clearenes
a
certeyne
minerall
taste
,
and
such
as
at
variable
seasons
of
the
yeare
chaunge
theyr
qualitie
,
beinge
warme
in
the
sprynge
tyme
and
coulde
in
sommer
.
And
this
thynge
owght
yow
to
beleue
the
more
when
yow
shall
see
the
aspecte
of
such
mountaynes
to
be
rough
,
Rowgh
and
barren
moun●aynes
.
sharpe
,
and
saluage
withowt
earth
or
trees
.
Or
so
that
yf
there
bee
a
lyttle
earth
found
vpon
the
same
with
a
smaule
veyne
of
herbes
or
grasse
yowe
shall
perceaue
the
grenenes
therof
to
be
faynt
and
in
maner
wythered
and
dryed
.
And
albeit
that
sumtymes
also
,
mines
are
founde
in
mountaynes
hauynge
earth
and
frutefull
trees
in
the
toppes
therof
,
yet
are
they
for
the
most
part
found
in
such
wherof
we
haue
spoken
.
Of
these
other
,
there
maye
fewe
signes
be
gyuen
,
except
to
go
by
lyttle
and
lyttle
to
seke
the
bankes
of
theyr
sydes
.
But
amonge
all
these
,
the
best
and
most
certeyne
signe
that
may
bee
gyuen
,
The
best
signe
.
is
wheras
on
the
superficiall
parte
of
the
earth
eyther
on
hyghe
or
belowe
,
the
myne
dooth
shewe
it selfe
apparente
to
syght
.
Sum
there
are
that
for
a
good
signe
do
greately
commende
the
residences
which
certeyne
waters
make
wher
they
haue
rested
for
a
time
and
beinge
dryed
vp
of
the
heate
of
the
sonne
,
The
residence
of
waters
.
do
often
times
shewe
in
certeyne
partes
of
theyr
residencies
dyuers
tinctures
of
mynerall
substaunce
.
Summe
other
are
accustomed
to
take
such
waters
,
and
in
a
vessell
of
earth
or
glasse
or
other
matter
,
cause
them
to
boyle
and
vapoure
away
vntyll
the
dregs
or
residence
remayne
in
the
bottome
well
dryed
in
the
likenes
of
a
grose
earth
,
of
the
which
they
make
an
assaye
eyther
by
the
ordinarie
tryall
of
fyer
,
or
after
sume
other
maner
as
lyketh
them
best
.
And
by
this
meanes
(
althowgh
they
attayne
not
to
th
exacte
knowleage
of
the
truth
)
yet
do
they
approche
to
a
certeyne
knowleage
of
the
thyng
wherby
they
haue
sum
intelligence
of
what
sufficiencie
and
goodnesse
the
myne
is
which
they
seeke
,
before
they
be
at
any
great
charges
in
folowynge
the
same
:
Prouydynge
alway
that
with
all
diligent
aduertisement
the
places
neare
vnto
the
rootes
of
the
confine
mountaynes
be
curiously
searched
,
with
also
the
bankes
and
sydes
of
the
selfe
same
mountayne
,
and
all
such
superficiall
partes
therof
,
where
any
stones
are
founde
discouered
eyther
of
theyr
owne
proper
nature
or
by
the
course
of
water
:
presupposynge
euer
that
it
is
in
maner
impossible
but
that
yf
suche
mountaynes
contayne
any
mynes
,
they
muste
needes
shewe
furth
sum
floures
,
tinctures
,
or
colours
of
theyr
exhalations
.
Marchasit●s
are
the
tinctures
of
myneral
exha●●tions
.
Yet
yf
it
shulde
so
chaunce
that
they
do
not
this
,
the
goodnes
of
the
mine
may
be
the
cause
hereof
forasmuche
as
eyther
it
is
not
of
vaporable
nature
,
or
to
be
of
smaule
quantitie
,
or
els
perhappes
bycause
the
mountayne
is
greate
and
the
myne
very
low
or
so
farre
with
in
,
that
it
is
not
sufficient
to
put
furth
any
signes
of
fumosities
.
The
cause
also
hereof
maye
bee
that
sum
stone
lyke
vnto
that
cauled
Albasano
(
which
I
thynke
to
be
of
that
kynde
which
we
caule
the
greete
stone
)
or
blacke
and
whyte
marble
of
thycke
and
resystynge
nature
,
may
be
found
to
lye
betwene
and
so
to
stoppe
the
passages
,
Metals
in
frutful
mountaynes
.
that
the
sayde
fumosities
may
therby
be
hyndered
to
arryue
to
the
vppermoste
parte
of
the
earth
:
by
reason
wherof
,
it
is
possible
that
suche
mountaynes
may
brynge
furth
trees
and
herbes
forasmuche
as
the
earth
therof
dooth
reteyne
his
vertue
and
may
nuryshe
theyr
rootes
not
beinge
incinerate
or
burnte
with
hotte
and
venemous
vapours
of
the
mynes
:
so
that
the
shoures
of
rayne
or
fluds
with
their
courses
can
not
cary
away
the
earth
as
in
such
places
wher
the
same
is
found
sore
dryed
.
And
therfore
vppon
such
mountaynes
I
haue
seene
great
wooddes
of
chestnutte
trees
,
beeches
also
and
okes
,
with
well
cultured
and
frutfull
fieldes
.
So
that
to
conclude
,
by
the
signes
of
the
rowghnesse
or
barennesse
of
the
mountayne
,
is
not
taken
away
but
that
other
places
may
also
haue
plentie
of
mines
whiche
ought
to
be
searched
and
folowed
.
But
forasmuch
as
these
signes
are
of
the
natures
of
minerals
,
I
wyll
speake
more
determinately
of
theym
in
the
places
where
I
entreate
of
theyr
proper
mynes
:
Not
intendynge
here
to
saye
muche
of
these
thynges
in
generall
,
but
only
to
induce
yow
to
sum
clearnesse
of
the
fyrst
lyght
.
And
therfore
that
yow
may
gyue
the
more
diligent
aduertisment
,
I
saye
vnto
yowe
that
all
the
mynes
which
yow
shall
fynde
by
such
signes
,
by
what
meanes
so
euer
they
shall
coome
to
yowre
handes
,
whether
they
be
found
in
stones
,
howe
the
signes
are
to
bee
consydered
.
earth
,
or
sande
,
after
that
at
the
fyrste
syght
they
haue
shewed
them selues
to
bee
mynes
of
metals
,
yow
owght
to
consyder
of
what
ponderositie
or
weyght
they
are
:
The
which
the
greater
that
it
is
,
so
much
the
more
dooth
it
shewe
both
the
perfection
and
goodnesse
of
the
substaunce
,
and
also
the
more
quantitie
of
the
mine
.
And
thus
presupposyng
that
by
the
signes
or
other
meanes
yow
haue
founde
the
mine
,
not
yet
fully
perceauynge
of
what
kynde
of
metall
it
myght
be
,
to
certifie
yowe
hereof
and
also
of
what
quantitie
it
is
,
or
howe
it
is
accompanyed
or
myxt
with
other
,
or
lykewyse
of
what
puritie
it
is
of
it selfe
,
or
of
what
euyll
disposition
or
malice
it
is
founde
to
bee
,
it
shall
herein
be
necessary
before
yow
be
at
any
further
charges
therwith
,
to
proue
the
same
by
twoo
or
three
assayes
or
mo
,
The
assay
of
the
mines
.
as
I
wyll
further
declare
in
the
particular
place
of
assayes
.
Beinge
therfore
certifyed
of
the
myne
,
and
of
what
metall
it
is
,
and
also
what
quantitie
it
conteyneth
,
fyndynge
it
by
accompte
to
bee
so
profitable
as
to
beare
the
charges
,
I
exhorte
yowe
bouldely
to
gyue
the
fyrste
attempte
to
faule
to
mynynge
,
and
with
all
possible
diligence
to
folowe
yowr
enterpryse
:
assurynge
yowre
selfe
,
that
of
what
so
euer
mynerall
matter
yow
shall
take
assay
accordyng
to
the
proportion
of
that
pice
which
yow
tooke
of
the
vppermost
or
owtmost
parte
of
the
mine
for
that
purpose
,
yow
shall
fynde
that
to
bee
muche
better
and
rycher
whiche
is
further
within
the
mountayne
.
The
richer
myne
further
within
the
montayne
.
And
thus
being
certified
by
the
assay
of
what
quantitie
the
thynge
is
that
appered
by
the
signes
,
and
of
all
other
reasonable
consyderations
apperteynyng
to
the
worke
,
yow
shall
with
all
celeritie
dispose
yowr
selfe
to
faule
to
dyggynge
,
to
th
intent
that
yowe
may
shortely
eyther
here
enioye
the
frute
of
yowre
trauell
,
or
els
where
with
better
successe
proue
yowre
good
fortune
.
But
in
th
attempte
of
this
enterpryse
,
yow
owght
principally
to
haue
respecte
to
the
situation
of
the
place
where
yowe
intende
to
make
the
begynnynge
of
yowr
caue
or
fosse
:
Consyderacions
how
the
caue
ought
to
bee
made
.
Takynge
good
aduertisement
that
it
be
commodious
for
the
labourers
that
shal
worke
therein
:
prouydynge
aboue
all
thynges
that
it
haue
an
easye
enteraunce
into
the
mountayne
,
with
lesse
charges
and
in
shorter
tyme
to
arryue
vnder
the
signes
which
yowe
haue
taken
:
encounterynge
the
same
as
muche
as
is
possible
as
it
were
by
a
ryght
line
,
fyrst
with
iudgemente
and
then
with
workeman
shyppe
,
vntyll
yow
stryke
on
the
grose
masse
or
bodye
of
the
myne
,
The
bodie
of
the
myne
.
breakynge
in
the
course
of
the
caue
al
matters
of
hard
compositions
,
as
quarreys
and
stones
ouerthwartynge
the
same
:
hauynge
euer
respecte
to
the
owtwarde
signes
whiche
yow
folowe
,
forecastynge
in
yowre
mynde
how
yowe
may
directly
arryue
to
the
same
,
euen
as
the
maryners
directe
theyr
course
by
theyr
compasse
and
syght
of
the
north
starre
.
Also
bysyde
that
place
where
yow
haue
determined
to
make
the
enteraunce
and
begynnynge
of
the
caue
,
howses
of
office
for
the
myners
.
yow
muste
take
choyse
of
an
other
place
,
eyther
on
the
front
of
the
mountayne
or
on
the
syde
that
it
may
bee
neare
and
commodious
to
make
one
or
two
or
mo
cotages
for
the
commoditie
and
necessitie
of
the
woorkemen
.
One
of
these
must
bee
appoynted
for
theyr
dormitorie
where
sum
may
rest
and
sleepe
whyle
other
woorke
,
and
that
yow
may
the
more
commodiously
be
present
and
assystaunt
to
theyr
doynges
,
diligently
to
beholde
all
thynges
and
to
conforte
theim
in
theyr
laboures
:
also
to
dispence
and
bestowe
theyr
vyttayles
as
shall
bee
nedefull
,
and
to
reseru●
the
same
in
safe
custodie
,
with
dayly
prouision
of
al
thynges
apperteynynge
.
The
other
must
bee
as
it
were
a
smythes
forg●
wherin
theyr
worne
and
broken
tooles
must
bee
renewed
,
and
other
newe
made
,
to
th
intent
that
the
woorke
be
not
hyndered
for
lacke
of
store
of
necessarie
instrumentes
.
When
thes●
thynges
are
thus
fynysshed
,
with
good
prouision
of
vyttayles
and
a
sufficient
number
of
expert
myners
,
then
in
the
name
of
God
and
good
aduenture
,
causynge
a
preste
to
blesse
the
mos●
tayne
with
all
the
shoppes
,
and
to
baptise
the
caue
,
dedicatynge
it
(
as
the
maner
is
)
to
the
holy
Trinitie
or
to
owr
Lady
or
to
the
name
of
sum
other
saynt
which
yowe
haue
in
deuot●on
,
Baptisinge
&
dedication
of
the
caue
.
with
inuocation
to
theym
to
prosper
yowre
attemptes
,
yow
shall
with
good
courage
and
hope
begynne
to
dygge
the
caue
,
with
intente
to
folowe
the
same
withowte
ceasynge
as
farre
as
yowre
abilitie
shall
reache
,
or
vntyll
yowe
haue
passed
ouer
the
lymettes
signified
by
the
signes
before
named
:
Takynge
euer
diligent
heade
that
yowe
begyn
yowre
caue
as
lowe
as
yow
may
at
the
foote
of
the
mountayne
,
in
such
order
that
yowr
myners
so
continue
and
folow
the
same
by
a
right
line
,
The
makinge
of
the
caue
.
that
they
encounter
the
veyne
of
the
myne
by
the
shortest
and
safest
way
that
may
bee
deuised
.
For
it
often
times
chaunceth
,
that
althowgh
the
caue
haue
byn
wel
begunne
,
yet
hath
it
not
byn
well
folowed
,
Causes
of
hinderaunce
.
for
that
the
myners
beinge
withdrawen
from
the
ryght
course
by
the
hope
of
suche
braunches
of
mynes
as
haue
appered
vnto
them
in
the
waye
,
doo
often
times
decline
from
theyr
attempted
course
,
and
from
the
signes
which
they
owght
to
haue
folowed
.
And
bysyde
other
preceptes
,
see
that
yow
beare
in
memory
to
procure
that
in
dyggynge
,
yow
eschewe
as
muche
as
yowe
maye
,
the
cuttynge
of
softe
or
brykell
stones
,
Soft
stones
.
aswell
for
that
it
may
bee
daungerous
for
ruine
of
the
caue
,
as
also
that
it
seldome
chaunceth
that
any
mynes
are
founde
in
such
stones
.
But
yf
yow
shal
chaunc●
so
to
fynde
them
that
yow
can
by
no
meanes
auoyde
them
,
A
confort
yow
that
where
suche
cause
of
feare
sheweth
it selfe
,
both
that
yow
lose
not
the
charges
of
the
caue
and
for
the
be●ter
safegarde
of
yowre
woorkemen
,
it
shal
be
necessary
that
yow
vse
all
possible
diligence
in
well
vpholdynge
and
fortyfying●
the
caue
with
arches
of
waules
trauersed
with
stronge
postes
of
tymber
after
the
maner
of
framed
beames
,
The
fortef●ī●
of
the
caue
.
susteyned
with
grose
and
stronge
pyles
made
of
good
and
stronge
tymber
of
oke
or
other
great
trees
.
And
in
this
maner
owght
yow
to
proceade
in
dyggyng
yowre
myne
that
yow
may
with
more
securitie
enioy
the
frute
of
yowr
trauayle
.
howe
the
caue●
were
made
in
olde
tyme
.
But
in
the
owlde
tyme
they
that
dygged
mynes
(
as
is
yet
to
see
)
in
the
caues
lefte
of
them
)
folowed
an
other
maner
:
so
that
in
the
steade
of
begynnynge
the
caue
belowe
at
the
foote
of
the
mountayne
(
as
doo
the
later
myners
)
they
begunne
to
dygge
theyr
caue
in
the
vpper
or
hyghest
parte
where
the
daye
discouered
the
myne
,
dyggynge
downewarde
after
the
maner
of
a
pytte
or
a
well
,
folowynge
the
same
sumtyme
on
the
one
syde
,
and
sumtyme
on
the
other
euen
vnto
the
depth
,
as
the
veyne
shewed
it selfe
to
theyr
syght
:
whereof
I
haue
thought
good
to
make
mention
,
for
that
in
th
oppinion
of
many
men
,
this
way
dooth
seeme
much
better
and
of
more
securitie
to
fynde
that
they
seeke
,
then
to
dygge
by
the
sydes
:
bycause
that
by
this
meanes
they
haue
euer
the
mine
before
theyr
eyes
eyther
more
or
lesse
as
a
line
to
leade
them
to
the
grosse
masse
.
Yet
who
so
consydereth
the
thynge
well
,
shall
vnderstande
that
the
later
myners
haue
better
conceaued
the
reason
of
this
woorke
,
in
respecte
(
as
is
to
see
)
of
many
more
commodities
and
securities
which
insue
rather
of
this
maner
of
woorkynge
then
of
the
other
:
as
the
difficultie
to
descende
and
ascende
the
caue
,
&
the
daungiour
lest
it
bee
stopped
vp
by
many
ruines
,
bysyde
the
traualyous
labour
to
draw
owt
the
mine
with
the
rockes
&
fragmentes
of
stones
:
And
aboue
al
thynges
,
that
they
shal
not
bee
able
to
drawe
owt
the
waters
whiche
are
often
tymes
so
abundaunt
that
they
greatly
increase
the
charges
and
trauayles
of
the
patrones
of
the
mynes
by
reason
of
the
greate
ayde
and
helpe
which
shal
be
requisite
to
haue
in
that
case
and
also
for
the
makynge
of
wheeles
,
troughes
,
pypes
,
&
pumpes
,
Abundanu●●
of
water
in
the
mynes
.
with
suche
other
instrumentes
seruynge
for
the
purpose
to
drawe
owt
the
waters
.
And
yet
with
all
this
,
it
often
tymes
chaunceth
that
although
they
labour
hereat
continually
,
yet
shal
they
be
īforced
to
forsake
their
profitable
&
laudable
enterpryse
So
that
to
conclude
,
The
beste
maner
of
makinge
the
caue
.
I
saye
(
as
yowe
maye
well
vnder
stand
)
that
it
is
a
much
better
way
and
of
more
securitie
to
begynne
the
diggyng
of
the
caue
rather
at
the
roote
or
fote
of
the
mountayne
and
to
enter
into
the
same
by
litle
and
lytle
a
slope
vpwarde
,
then
to
begynne
at
the
toppe
or
the
highest
backe
therof
.
And
this
both
for
the
more
commodious
passinge
furthe
of
the
water
,
and
also
for
the
easier
trauaile
of
the
labourers
.
Obseruynge
euer
diligently
the
chaunge
of
the
signes
whiche
appere
vnto
yow
owtwardly
,
The
change
of
the
signes
.
vsynge
the
rudder
and
compasse
as
do
they
that
sayle
on
the
sea
.
For
hereby
the
myners
shal
be
instructed
euer
to
folowe
the
right
way
in
the
caue
vntill
by
the
conductinge
of
wytte
and
arte
,
The
rudder
&
compasse
.
they
bee
browght
to
the
place
of
the
grose
masse
or
bodie
of
the
tree
,
whyche
is
the
cause
,
fontayne
,
and
original
from
whense
the
sayd
tinctures
fumosites
,
and
mineral
signes
,
are
diriued
and
sente
furth
to
the
superficiall
partes
.
And
as
concernynge
this
pu●pose
,
I
thincke
it
good
to
declare
vnto
yow
howe
in
the
Dukedome
of
Austria
,
Austria
.
betweene
Isprue
and
Alla
where
I
contynued
manye
yeares
,
I
sawe
a
large
vale
enuironed
with
a
greate
number
of
mountaynes
,
Mynes
of
copper
and
leade
holding
syluer
.
by
the
middest
wherof
a
ryuer
passed
through
of
greate
aboundaunce
of
water
:
and
in
maner
in
all
the
montaynes
that
are
there
abowt
,
is
digged
great
plentie
of
mine
,
wherof
the
moste
parte
are
of
copper
or
leade
,
althoughe
also
in
maner
euery
of
them
is
founde
to
holde
sum
portion
of
siluer
.
Amonge
these
mountaynes
,
I
sawe
one
in
the
whyche
th
inhabitauntes
of
the
countrey
dwellyng
there
abowt
,
allured
by
the
sight
of
many
signes
,
beganne
to
digge
a
caue
after
the
maner
wherof
we
haue
spoken
:
In
so
muche
that
(
as
it
appered
vnto
me
)
from
the
place
where
they
begane
the
caue
,
they
had
digged
litle
lesse
then
two
myles
before
they
sawe
any
sparke
or
shadowe
of
any
myne
And
beinge
arryued
with
the
caue
in
maner
perpendicularly
vnder
the
signes
they
folowed
,
A
caue
of
two
myles
.
they
were
encountered
with
a
veyne
of
the
harde
stone
cauled
Albazano
,
of
a
yarde
and
a
halfe
thicke
,
which
they
passed
through
with
greate
trauayle
and
longe
tyme
,
and
with
the
helpe
of
commodious
instrumentes
of
iren
hardened
to
woorke
in
suche
stones
.
And
when
they
had
thus
passed
through
this
quarrey
of
stone
,
A
large
caue
of
the
myne
of
copper
holdinge
siluer
.
they
chaunced
vppon
a
verye
great
veyne
of
the
myne
of
copper
of
such
sorte
that
when
I
was
there
,
lookinge
betweene
the
one
and
the
other
,
I
sawe
on
euery
syde
as
it
were
a
waule
of
the
hard
stone
of
Albazano
,
and
therin
a
voyde
place
of
suche
largenes
from
the
one
syde
to
the
other
that
more
then
two
hundreth
men
al
at
one
time
,
had
sufficiente
roome
to
stande
labouringe
frome
the
hygheste
parte
to
the
lowest
,
hauynge
non
other
lyght
then
of
candells
,
Candle
light
.
and
makinge
certeyne
markes
in
euery
place
where
they
saw
the
vre
or
myne
shewe
it selfe
:
and
thus
ceased
not
to
woorke
continually
both
day
and
nyght
,
course
by
course
,
a
thynge
suerly
maruelous
to
be
holde
.
Without
the
mouth
of
the
caue
,
I
sawe
great
abundaunce
of
mine
partely
mixt
with
the
stone
of
the
vre
,
and
partely
chosen
and
seperated
.
Amonge
these
pieces
,
there
was
one
consistynge
of
a
hole
masse
of
pure
mine
of
suche
biggnes
and
weyght
,
A
greate
masse
of
pure
myne
.
that
two
good
horses
with
a
light
carre
coulde
scarsely
drawe
it
away
.
This
myne
was
of
copper
as
I
haue
sayde
.
But
to
magnifie
it
,
they
cauled
it
syluer
,
bycause
it
helde
suche
plentie
thereof
that
it
surmounted
the
charges
,
whereas
they
had
also
the
copper
for
aduantage
.
Yowe
shall
further
vnderstond
that
in
the
myddest
of
the
caue
,
there
was
a
chanell
or
gutter
whyche
gathered
togyther
the
waters
that
fell
into
it
continually
on
euery
syde
from
the
ruptures
or
broken
places
and
cliffes
.
Abundaunce
of
water
in
the
mynes
.
These
waters
ranne
through
the
chanel
with
so
vehemente
a
streme
,
that
I
suerly
beleue
that
it
might
well
suffice
to
dryue
and
greate
mylle
.
In
so
muche
that
in
goynge
in
and
comming
owt
of
the
caue
,
I
remember
that
by
the
contynual
faule
&
sprinkeling
of
the
waters
from
aboue
&
beneth
,
I
was
as
wet
as
though
I
had
passed
through
a
●●eate
shoure
of
rayne
.
Wherat
I
maruel
the
lesse
when
I
consyder
that
water
is
the
fyrst
and
nearest
principle
of
the
whiche
the
substaunce
of
minerals
is
engendered
.
water
is
the
nearest
principle
of
minerales
.
By
reason
wherof
,
such
men
of
vnderstandynge
as
haue
searched
the
natures
of
these
thynges
,
argue
hereby
and
take
it
for
a
generall
rule
,
A
general
rule
.
that
all
those
mountaynes
owt
of
the
whiche
spryngeth
great
abundaunce
of
water
,
doo
also
abounde
with
myne
.
The
which
thynge
well
consyderynge
,
and
weyinge
the
greatnes
hereof
,
I
faule
into
this
accompte
with
my selfe
,
that
if
to
the
patrones
of
the
sayde
caue
,
the
charges
of
the
same
hadde
byn
a
hynderaunce
or
greefe
,
eyther
for
the
length
therof
,
or
for
despayre
that
they
shuld
not
haue
found
that
they
sought
,
they
wolde
surely
haue
forsaken
it
.
And
beinge
nowe
comme
to
this
harde
stone
after
they
had
susteyned
so
great
charges
bysyde
the
trauayle
both
of
mynde
and
body
,
if
they
shulde
then
haue
lefte
of
theyr
enterpryse
,
Great
rich
is
obtayned
by
searchinge
of
mynes
.
they
shulde
not
haue
come
to
such
ryches
whereby
they
haue
obteyned
many
commodities
aswell
profitable
for
them selues
a●
also
for
theyr
lordes
and
princes
,
theyr
countrey
,
theyr
kinsfolkes
and
famelie
.
Neyther
yet
shulde
they
haue
byn
so
wel
able
to
helpe
theyr
poore
neyghbours
as
they
haue
doone
by
the
meanes
of
the
valientnesse
of
theyr
constant
myndes
and
persistynge
in
so
good
and
commendable
an
enterprise
.
Wherfore
to
conclude
,
yow
that
wyll
begynne
to
attempt
any
such
thynge
,
Magnanimitie
&
pacience
.
must
be
of
good
courage
and
much
pacience
to
folowe
that
yow
haue
begunne
,
at
the
least
vntill
yow
knowe
by
the
signes
what
the
thynge
is
:
hopinge
euer
that
in
goynge
forwarde
,
the
day
folowynge
(
as
it
is
possible
)
shal
discouer
the
thynge
that
yowe
seeke
and
content
your
desyre
:
Wherof
yow
may
bee
the
better
assured
,
if
yow
well
consyder
that
the
moothers
and
matrices
of
moste
estemed
ryches
,
and
the
myntes
of
al
treasures
,
are
the
mountaynes
:
The
mounta●nes
are
the
matrices
of
riches
.
To
the
whiche
(
with
th●
helpe
of
fortune
and
yowr
ingenious
indeuoure
)
yow
shall
open
the
way
,
not
only
to
fynde
the
myne
and
arryue
to
the
belly
of
the
mountaynes
where
suche
thynges
lye
hyd
,
but
shall
also
bee
exalted
by
ryches
to
hyghe
honoure
and
dignitie
as
they
of
whome
we
haue
made
mention
before
;
forasmuch
as
most
beningne
and
liberall
nature
,
doothe
open
her
lappe
and
promesse
good
successe
to
suche
as
seeke
ryches
by
such
honest
meanes
.
The
whiche
way
surely
is
muche
rather
to
be
folowed
,
then
eyther
the
warres
full
of
trowbles
and
miserie
,
or
the
carefull
trade
of
marchaundies
with
wanderynge
abowt
the
worlde
,
or
suche
other
fastidious
cares
perhappes
vnlawfull
for
a
good
man
.
And
albeit
(
as
sume
men
vse
to
speake
)
the
fyndynge
of
mynes
bee
an
especial
grace
of
God
,
neuerthelesse
,
forasmuch
as
we
are
borne
to
laboure
,
i●
shal
be
necessary
that
we
seeke
the
same
in
suche
places
where
they
are
brought
furth
by
the
woorke
of
nature
,
The
grace
of
God
is
receaved
by
owre
endeuoure
.
and
by
searchynge
to
fynde
them
,
and
beinge
founde
to
dygge
for
them
.
and
by
this
meanes
to
receaue
the
grace
of
God
with
applyinge
owre
owne
diligence
therto
,
with
helpe
of
the
disposition
of
fortune
and
naturall
iudgemente
.
Monye
begetteth
ryches
.
And
yet
shal
not
this
only
suffice
withowt
sufficiencie
of
money
able
to
susteyne
the
charges
and
continue
the
woorke
:
to
th
ende
that
if
yow
can
not
fynysshe
it
with
yowr
owne
expenses
,
yow
maye
supplye
the
same
by
the
ayde
of
other
,
eyther
patrones
or
parteners
.
But
let
vs
nowe
cease
to
reason
any
further
of
these
thinges
.
Presupposyng
therfore
that
yow
haue
alredy
passed
the
charges
,
and
haue
not
only
founde
the
myne
yow
sought
,
but
also
haue
brought
furth
to
lyght
a
great
quantitie
therof
,
it
shal
then
bee
needeful
(
as
a
thyng
chiefely
to
be
consydered
before
yow
begin
to
dygge
)
wel
to
ponder
&
examen
both
the
commodities
of
such
thynges
as
shall
occurre
,
Necessarie
aduertismentes
.
and
also
of
such
wherof
yow
shall
haue
neede
:
as
tymber
and
woodde
of
all
sortes
,
with
water
and
vyttayles
:
of
all
the
whiche
,
yow
must
haue
great
plentie
:
and
especially
of
woodde
,
Plentye
o●
woode
.
whereof
yowe
muste
haue
great
quantitie
,
aswell
to
serue
to
the
proportion
of
the
myne
,
as
also
to
make
coles
to
the
vse
of
meltynge
,
fynynge
,
dryinge
,
garboylyng
,
and
such
other
broylynges
,
bysyde
that
which
must
serue
to
fortifie
caue
and
to
buyld
shoppes
and
cotages
with
such
other
edifies
.
Cotages
and
edifies
.
Diligent
consideration
must
lykewyse
be
had
to
the
situacion
of
the
place
where
the
buyldynges
shal
be
erected
:
The
situacion
of
the
place
.
as
that
the
plotte
therof
bee
commodious
with
abundaunce
of
water
hauynge
a
good
faule
.
Also
not
onely
of
plentie
of
woodde
and
cole
nere
vnto
the
myne
,
but
of
such
as
may
serue
the
turne
.
And
of
all
other
incommodities
,
yowe
muste
chiefely
auoyde
the
lacke
of
water
,
The
vse
of
water
,
as
a
thynge
of
greatest
importaunce
and
most
necessarie
in
this
effecte
.
For
by
the
force
and
weyght
of
the
course
hereof
,
wheeles
and
dyuers
other
ingenious
instrumentes
are
adapted
with
ease
to
lyfte
vppe
greate
bellowes
to
make
fyers
of
great
poure
,
to
beate
with
hammers
of
great
weyght
,
and
to
turne
myghtie
and
stronge
eugens
,
by
the
force
whereof
the
trauayles
of
men
are
so
much
furthered
,
that
withowt
such
helpe
,
it
were
in
maner
impossible
to
ouercome
suche
tedious
trauayles
or
to
arryue
to
the
ende
of
the
woorke
,
forasmuch
as
the
force
of
one
wheele
may
lyfte
more
,
and
that
more
safely
then
the
paynefull
labour
of
a
hundreth
men
.
It
shal
therfore
be
needefull
to
haue
great
consyderation
hereof
,
not
only
to
make
these
edifies
or
houses
of
office
,
but
also
to
make
them
commodious
for
the
purpose
,
as
for
the
cariage
of
myne
and
cole
with
other
necessaries
.
For
if
any
of
these
effectes
shulde
be
wantynge
,
the
coste
,
tyme
and
trauayle
,
shulde
bee
cast
away
:
forasmuch
as
these
thynges
doo
so
much
the
more
relieue
the
one
the
other
as
they
are
ioyned
togyther
,
Necessarye
considerat●ons
.
and
hinder
the
woorke
not
a
lyttle
yf
any
be
separate
.
But
bycause
these
commodities
can
not
euer
be
hadde
all
togyther
,
yowe
owght
to
wey
with
yowr
selfe
which
of
the
twoo
serueth
for
mo
necessarie
vses
,
as
eyther
to
haue
the
cole
or
the
mine
most
commodious
to
the
houses
,
and
accordinge
there
vnto
to
place
the
houses
nere
vnto
the
same
if
the
commoditie
of
water
wyll
so
permytte
.
Albeit
,
if
it
were
possible
,
it
shulde
be
much
better
if
al
these
necessarie
commodities
were
ioyned
togyther
,
whereas
otherwyse
yowe
muste
contente
yowre
selfe
as
occasion
serueth
.
Nowe
therefore
to
conclude
,
bysyde
that
whiche
I
haue
declared
vnto
yow
of
the
findinge
of
the
myne
and
the
digging
thereof
with
other
considerations
,
I
exhorte
yowe
further
to
faule
to
practyse
with
sum
myne
of
your
owne
,
that
yow
may
therby
take
occasion
to
ryse
to
the
degree
of
ryches
whyche
yow
desire
.
And
therfore
I
aduertise
yow
that
after
yow
haue
founde
the
mountayne
and
begun
to
digge
,
yow
shal
euer
go
forwarde
with
a
boulde
mynde
and
stoute
corage
,
woorkyng
with
witte
and
Iudgement
,
forasmuche
as
in
this
effecte
the
one
serueth
the
other
in
the
steede
of
eys
to
enter
where
they
can
not
.
Gyue
no
credit
to
that
whiche
many
ignorante
folkes
doo
say
and
beleue
,
A
false
opinion
affirminge
that
in
digging
for
metals
,
they
are
founde
rather
by
chaunce
then
by
arte
.
The
which
although
it
were
trewe
,
yet
owght
we
to
trust
more
to
art
and
practyse
then
to
chaunce
.
And
when
yow
are
nowe
entered
into
the
mountayne
,
beare
well
in
memory
that
yow
haue
presently
with
yow
the
tallie
or
ruler
of
the
caue
,
wherby
yowe
may
trauerse
the
veyne
of
the
myne
when
yow
are
coomne
to
it
.
The
trauersinge
of
the
veyne
.
For
if
yow
shulde
folowe
it
by
the
course
as
it
lyeth
,
it
is
possible
that
yowe
mighe
folowe
it
a
greate
way
not
paste
the
biggnesse
of
a
mans
finger
and
perhappes
lesse
:
By
reason
wherof
,
it
might
happen
that
yow
shuld
lose
it
and
neuer
find
it
ageyne
.
The
like
shuld
chaunce
vnto
yow
if
after
that
yow
haue
begun
to
digge
a
caue
,
it
shulde
repent
yow
of
the
charges
,
and
that
for
the
basnes
therof
yowe
shulde
forsake
it
,
as
many
haue
doone
who
bycause
they
coulde
not
fynde
the
mine
at
the
first
stroke
,
Continuaunce
in
the
worke
.
despayringe
that
they
shulde
neuer
fynde
it
,
haue
forsaken
it
as
a
thyng
vnprofitable
,
thynking
that
they
haue
woonne
enough
in
that
they
were
not
at
further
charges
with
that
which
they
accompt
losse
and
domage
:
And
thus
furiously
leaue
of
their
enterprise
,
not
regardinge
that
they
may
leaue
the
frute
of
theyr
expenses
and
trauaile
to
an
other
that
may
folowe
their
begynninges
,
and
perhappes
fynde
the
myne
within
the
distance
of
a
cubet
,
a
spanne
,
or
a
finger
.
We
may
say
therfore
that
suche
men
doo
willinglye
forsake
theyr
good
fortune
as
many
haue
doone
.
He
therfore
that
hath
begune
to
digge
a
caue
,
let
hym
determine
to
folowe
it
,
puttinge
away
th
estimation
of
the
basenes
therof
,
and
not
to
feare
the
streyghtnesse
of
the
way
,
but
rather
to
applye
all
his
possible
diligence
withowt
remorse
,
hopynge
thereby
no
lesse
to
obteyne
honour
and
ryches
,
then
to
auoyde
shame
and
infamie
for
omyttynge
so
profitable
an
enterpryse
.
And
that
yow
may
the
more
circumspectly
behaue
yowr
selfe
in
all
thynges
,
besyde
the
former
instructions
,
I
further
aduertise
yowe
to
set
euer
fresshe
men
a
woorke
by
course
in
such
order
,
Fresshe
men
.
that
in
euery
sixte
or
eyght
houres
(
accordynge
to
the
number
of
the
myners
)
yow
appoynt
such
to
the
woorke
as
haue
reposed
or
taken
theyr
rest
,
that
yow
may
by
this
meanes
the
sooner
come
to
th
ende
yow
desyre
,
whereunto
(
after
yowe
haue
layde
so
sure
a
fundation
)
I
exhorte
yow
to
runne
withowt
a
brydle
.
And
wheras
to
these
effectes
it
shal
be
necessarie
to
haue
many
instrumentes
adapted
for
the
purpose
,
I
can
none
otherwyse
speake
of
them
then
in
generall
,
consyderynge
that
according
to
the
nature
of
the
place
and
the
myne
,
it
shal
be
necessary
to
vse
instrumentes
and
iren
tooles
of
dyuers
formes
,
Instrumentes
.
as
there
ought
to
be
difference
in
such
wherwith
yow
shall
dygge
in
mynes
engendered
in
marble
,
greete
stone
,
and
harde
freese
stone
,
or
such
other
.
For
the
dyggynge
of
such
as
are
found
in
deade
and
tender
stones
,
as
Alabaster
and
marle
,
it
is
requisite
to
haue
apte
and
stronge
instrumentes
,
as
greate
beetels
,
mattockes
and
spades
of
iren
,
also
great
&
longe
crowes
of
iren
to
lyfte
great
burdens
:
lykewyse
greate
and
smaule
picke
axes
sum
of
iren
and
sum
of
steele
:
furthermore
greate
maules
with
handels
and
withowt
handels
,
and
such
other
bothe
of
iren
and
fine
steele
hardened
,
if
the
hardenes
of
stone
shall
so
requyre
.
But
as
for
such
as
shall
serue
to
dygge
the
mynes
which
are
engendered
in
tender
and
softe
stones
,
I
neede
make
no
mention
of
them
,
forasmuch
as
the
tooles
of
the
common
sorte
may
suffice
,
and
necessitie
shall
dayly
furthe
instructe
yow
to
diuise
such
as
shal
serue
for
yowre
purpose
.
Albeit
,
for
the
moste
parte
,
they
are
beetels
,
maules
,
mattockes
,
pikes
,
shouels
,
spades
,
and
such
lyke
.
But
as
well
for
the
softe
stones
as
for
the
harde
,
it
shal
be
necessarye
to
haue
great
plentie
of
al
sortes
,
to
th
ende
that
the
myners
may
lose
no
tyme
,
and
that
the
woorke
may
go
the
better
forwarde
to
the
comfort
of
the
patrones
of
the
mine
.
Bysyde
these
before
named
,
it
shall
also
be
requisite
to
haue
plentie
of
greate
baskettes
,
spades
,
sh●uels
,
sleades
,
and
handbarrowes
,
bothe
with
wheeles
and
without
wheeles
:
also
sackes
made
of
raw
or
vntande
hydes
to
carye
the
fragmentes
owt
of
the
caue
.
It
shall
furthermore
be
requisite
to
haue
greate
quantitie
of
vnctuous
liquours
to
maintayne
fire
:
Fyre
in
the
caue
.
as
are
the
oiles
of
oliues
,
of
nuttes
,
of
line
seede
and
hempe
seede
:
Lykewise
the
rootes
of
putrified
trees
,
or
talowe
of
beastes
,
or
fatte
and
oyle
of
fysshes
.
For
withowt
the
lyght
of
fyre
,
it
is
not
possible
for
the
labourers
to
woorke
:
The
conueyance
of
eyer
.
Nor
yet
can
any
fyre
be
mayntayned
in
the
caue
except
it
receaue
the
ayer
by
sum
respiracle
or
breathynge
place
by
the
meanes
of
a
funnell
or
trunke
of
woodde
or
such
other
open
instrument
wherby
the
ayer
maye
be
conueyed
into
the
caue
.
¶
Of
the
myne
of
golde
and
the
qualitie
therof
in
particular
.
FOrasmuche
as
golde
is
a
compounde
mynerall
which
of
the
phylosophers
and
all
men
of
vnderstandynge
,
The
excellencie
of
golde
.
is
founde
to
be
of
greatest
perfection
amonge
all
other
myxt
minerals
,
it
is
iudged
by
the
vniuersal
opinion
of
such
men
,
that
for
the
bewtie
and
excellent
qualitie
thereof
,
it
shulde
be
of
excessiue
vertue
to
helpe
and
confort
men
.
And
therfore
amonge
all
thynges
that
are
in
this
worlde
(
excepte
lyuynge
creatures
)
it
is
ch●efely
esteemed
.
By
reason
wherof
,
I
also
the
more
to
honour
it
,
wyll
fyrst
speake
of
this
before
I
entreate
of
any
other
metall
,
and
declare
in
particular
the
conception
with
the
most
apparent
qualities
therof
.
The
which
although
it
be
a
metal
most
knowen
,
desyred
also
and
sought
for
of
all
kyndes
of
men
,
yet
are
there
not
many
that
do
care
to
knowe
of
what
substaunce
or
natural
mixtion
it
consisteth
.
But
that
yow
shulde
not
be
one
of
theim
that
knowe
it
onely
by
name
or
by
superficiall
apparence
,
The
orginall
&
substaunce
of
golde
.
I
certifie
yow
that
the
originall
and
proper
matter
therof
,
is
none
other
then
elementall
substaunces
with
equall
quantitie
and
qualitie
proportionate
the
one
with
the
other
,
most
perfectly
purified
by
the
subtyle
woorke
of
nature
.
For
of
these
beinge
thus
ioyned
togyther
(
and
of
equall
force
)
is
engendered
an
am●able
and
most
perfect
mixtion
by
the
helpe
of
fermentacion
and
decoction
of
the
minerall
heate
,
Mineral
heate
.
wherby
is
caused
such
a
permanent
vnion
betwene
the
sayde
elementes
,
that
they
are
in
maner
inseperable
:
So
that
by
the
vertue
of
heauenly
influence
or
of
tyme
,
or
by
th
order
of
most
prudent
nature
,
or
by
all
these
causes
concurrant
,
such
substaunce
is
conuerted
into
this
metalline
body
that
we
caule
golde
.
The
temperature
&
purenesse
of
golde
.
The
which
(
as
I
haue
sayd
)
by
his
much
temperatenes
,
purenes
,
and
perfect
mixtion
,
is
condensate
and
made
thicke
,
in
such
sorte
that
the
elementes
therof
can
not
be
vnbounde
or
loosed
,
so
that
it
remayneth
in
maner
incorruptible
:
The
cause
wherof
is
,
that
it
eyther
conteyneth
in
it
no
maner
of
super●lui●ie
,
or
the
same
to
be
but
very
lytle
.
And
hereof
commeth
it
,
that
althoughe
it
lye
many
yeares
in
the
earth
or
in
the
water
,
it
is
not
infected
with
rust
or
canker
for
that
neyther
of
them
are
able
to
corrupte
it
,
Golde
is
incorruptible
.
nor
yet
the
fyer
whose
force
dooth
incinerate
or
brynge
to
asshes
&
resolue
in
maner
all
creatures
:
And
yet
is
the
poure
hereof
so
farre
vnable
to
destroy
or
corrupte
this
metall
,
that
it
is
thereby
the
more
purified
and
made
better
.
Lykewyse
the
sayde
perfecte
vnion
or
mixtion
,
causeth
it
to
be
a
body
withowt
steame
,
and
withowt
vnctuous
or
fat
superfluitie
:
The
bewtie
of
golde
.
which
is
the
cause
that
it
euer
remayneth
in
the
natiue
bryghtnes
and
fayrenes
of
coloure
,
in
so
much
that
when
it
is
rubbed
vppon
any
thynge
,
it
leaueth
not
behynde
it
the
tincture
of
any
blacke
or
yelowe
colour
,
as
doo
in
maner
all
other
metals
:
Nor
yet
hath
it
any
taste
or
sauour
that
may
be
perceaued
to
the
sence
.
Furthermore
,
if
it
be
eaten
eyther
wyllyngly
or
by
chaunce
,
it
is
not
venemous
to
the
lyfe
of
man
,
as
are
sum
of
the
other
metals
:
but
is
rather
a
medicine
curynge
dyuers
diseases
.
Golde
is
medicinable
.
In
so
much
that
nature
hath
gyuen
vnto
it
of
peculiar
propertie
,
a
vertue
and
priuileage
to
conforte
the
weakenes
of
the
harte
,
and
to
gyue
ioyfulnes
and
myrth
to
the
spirits
,
disposynge
thereby
the
mynde
to
magnanimitie
and
attemptes
of
great
enterpryses
.
Golde
is
confortable
.
Which
singular
qualities
,
sum
wyse
men
affirme
that
it
hath
receaued
by
th
influence
of
the
sonne
,
and
that
it
is
therfore
of
such
grace
and
poure
to
helpe
men
:
especially
such
as
haue
many
great
bagges
and
chesses
full
therof
.
To
conclude
therfore
,
this
metall
is
a
body
tractable
and
bryght
,
of
coloure
lyke
vnto
the
soonne
:
And
hath
in
it
inwardely
such
a
naturall
attractiue
or
allurynge
vertue
,
that
beinge
seene
,
it
greatly
disposeth
the
myndes
of
men
to
desyre
it
and
esteme
it
as
a
thyng
most
precious
:
The
attractiue
qualitie
of
golde
.
although
many
there
are
whiche
crye
owt
ageynst
it
and
accuse
it
as
the
roote
and
sede
of
most
pestiferous
and
monstrous
couetousnesse
,
and
the
cause
of
many
other
myscheues
.
But
whether
it
bee
the
cause
of
more
good
or
euyll
,
we
entende
to
lette
passe
this
disputation
as
a
thynge
vnprofitable
.
To
proceade
therfore
as
I
haue
begun
I
say
(
as
before
)
that
the
woorthynesse
whiche
is
founde
in
it
,
hath
caused
me
to
entreate
of
it
before
any
other
metall
.
And
this
the
rather
for
that
th
order
of
this
presente
worke
meth
so
to
requyre
,
that
I
may
the
better
descende
to
the
degrees
of
other
metals
,
to
th
ende
that
in
these
owre
partes
of
Italy
,
yow
may
haue
sum
instruction
of
practise
,
whiche
may
redounde
from
yow
to
other
,
whereby
the
myndes
of
all
men
may
receaue
sum
lyght
:
beinge
well
assured
that
newe
informations
,
wil
be
the
seedes
of
other
newe
wittie
diuises
in
the
vnderstandynges
of
suche
men
as
with
these
keys
shall
open
theyr
wyttes
to
arryue
to
suche
places
whyther
they
can
not
els
coomme
or
by
any
meanes
approche
.
And
nowe
therfore
,
bysyde
that
which
I
haue
sayde
vnto
yowe
in
generall
,
I
wyl
further
in
particular
declare
the
nature
hereof
and
the
generation
of
the
same
,
with
also
the
signes
whiche
it
sheweth
furth
,
that
I
do
not
omytte
any
thynge
.
Last
of
all
,
I
wyll
shewe
yowe
howe
it
owght
to
bee
pourged
from
superfluous
earthynes
of
the
mine
,
after
that
I
shal
haue
expressed
the
maner
howe
it
is
founde
.
But
forasmuch
as
I
haue
not
with
mine
eyes
seene
the
mountaines
which
conteyne
the
mynes
of
golde
,
or
the
places
where
this
thynge
is
put
in
practice
,
I
wyll
only
shewe
yow
(
hauynge
made
diligente
inquisition
for
the
same
)
what
hathe
byn
toulde
me
of
credible
persons
,
or
what
I
haue
gathered
in
readynge
of
dyuers
autoures
,
where
moste
plentie
of
golde
is
found
.
by
whom
I
am
certified
for
a
truth
that
the
greatest
plentie
of
this
metall
,
Cathay
.
is
founde
in
Scithia
,
in
those
prouinces
which
we
commonly
caule
the
East
partes
,
where
the
soonne
extendeth
his
chiefe
force
and
vigour
.
Of
these
places
India
is
thought
to
be
the
chiefe
,
and
especially
those
Ilandes
which
the
ships
of
Th
emperours
maiestie
and
the
kynge
of
Portugale
haue
founde
of
late
:
Golde
in
the
I●nde
of
the
weste
●ndies
.
as
the
Ilandes
about
Peru
and
Paria
with
the
firme
lande
of
the
same
which
extendeth
it selues
very
farre
on
both
sydes
the
Equinoctiall
.
In
Europe
also
,
golde
is
founde
in
many
places
:
as
in
Astesia
,
and
in
many
places
in
Boheme
.
Also
in
Hungarie
,
in
Rhene
,
and
in
Apsa
.
Plinie
sayth
that
it
is
lykewyse
founde
in
Austria
and
in
Portugale
:
Golde
in
Europe
.
and
that
the
Romans
had
from
thense
yearely
.xxiiii.
pounds
weyght
.
And
thus
speakynge
of
this
precious
metall
,
The
influen●
of
heauen
.
I
beleue
certeynly
,
that
it
is
and
may
be
engendered
in
all
suche
places
wher
the
influence
of
the
heuens
disposeth
the
elementall
causes
to
brynge
furth
an
apte
substaunce
for
this
purpose
.
But
nowe
intendynge
more
particularly
to
speake
of
the
places
of
the
conception
hereof
,
The
mountaynes
and
stones
in
the
whiche
golde
is
engendered
.
yowe
shall
vnderstande
that
it
is
engendered
in
dyuers
kyndes
of
stones
in
great
and
rowgh
mountaynes
,
and
suche
as
are
vtterly
bare
of
earth
,
trees
,
grasse
,
or
herbes
.
And
amonge
all
the
stones
of
this
myne
,
that
is
best
which
is
of
a
blewe
or
asurine
coloure
lyke
vnto
a
saphire
,
and
is
commonly
cauled
Lapis
Lazuli
.
Lapis
Lazuli
.
But
it
is
not
bryght
and
harde
as
is
the
saphire
.
It
is
also
founde
in
orpemente
cauled
Auripigmentum
:
Orpemente
.
but
more
often
in
the
mynes
of
other
metals
.
Golde
in
other
metals
.
It
is
lykewyse
founde
in
many
prouinces
in
the
sandes
of
ryuers
.
golde
in
the
●andes
of
ryuers
.
That
which
is
founde
in
the
mountaines
lyeth
in
order
veynes
betwene
quarrey
and
quarrey
ioyned
with
the
sayde
Azurine
stone
and
mixte
therwith
.
They
saye
that
this
myne
is
so
much
the
better
in
howe
much
it
is
the
heuyer
and
of
hyghe
colour
,
shewyng
in
it
many
sparkes
of
gold
They
say
furthermore
that
it
is
engendered
in
an
other
stone
lyke
vnto
salte
marble
:
but
it
is
of
a
deade
colour
.
And
also
in
an
other
whose
colour
is
yelowe
with
certeyne
redde
spots
within
it
.
They
affirme
lykewyse
that
it
is
founde
in
certaine
blacke
stones
,
whose
veynes
sprede
dyuers
wayes
much
like
the
courses
of
ryuers
.
They
further
declare
that
it
is
founde
in
a
certeyne
bituminous
earth
,
Gold
in
earth
.
of
coloure
lyke
vnto
cley
and
very
heauy
,
hauynge
in
it
a
great
sauour
of
brymstone
:
And
that
the
golde
which
is
founde
in
this
,
is
very
good
,
and
in
maner
all
togyther
fyne
,
yet
very
harde
to
bee
gotten
owte
,
bycause
it
consysteth
of
so
smaule
sparkes
lyke
vnto
inuisible
atomes
of
such
lytelnesse
that
they
can
hardely
bee
perceaued
with
the
eye
.
Golden
duste
.
And
herein
may
yow
not
do
as
in
Lapis
Laxuli
,
or
other
stones
,
or
as
the
maner
is
to
do
with
that
which
is
found
in
the
sands
of
ryuers
:
the
which
the
more
it
is
wasshed
,
the
more
it
fauleth
to
the
bottome
:
&
in
meltynge
with
the
mother
of
his
earthines
,
doth
incorporat
it selfe
therwith
in
a
brickle
substance
But
in
fine
,
Ryuers
in
the
which
gold
is
founde
.
with
much
pacience
and
by
one
meanes
or
an
other
,
or
by
the
helpe
of
quickesyluer
,
it
is
drawen
owt
.
Ageyne
(
as
I
haue
sayde
before
)
it
is
found
in
the
sandes
of
dyuers
ryuers
,
as
in
Spayne
in
the
ryuer
Tago
:
in
Tracia
,
in
Ebro
:
In
Asia
,
in
Patolo
and
Ganges
.
In
Hungarie
and
Boheme
,
it
is
founde
in
Lasiesia
in
dyuers
ryuers
:
And
in
Italie
,
in
the
sands
of
Tesino
,
Adda
,
and
Po.
But
not
euery where
in
the
beddes
of
theyr
chanels
,
but
in
certeyne
particular
places
where
in
certeyne
cloddes
the
sande
is
discouered
in
the
tyme
of
the
ouerflowynge
of
the
ryuers
when
the
water
leaueth
behynde
it
a
fine
sande
wherwith
the
sayde
golde
is
myxte
in
the
forme
of
certeyne
smaule
scales
,
The
wasshing
and
pourgeing●
of
golde
.
and
shynynge
graynes
.
Then
in
the
sommer
season
,
with
pacience
and
ingenious
practise
,
the
searchers
to
pourge
it
from
the
grose
earthinesse
of
the
myne
,
and
wasshe
it
diligently
:
preparynge
for
that
effecte
,
certeyne
tables
made
eyther
of
the
tymber
of
plane
trees
,
howe
golde
is
deuided
frome
sande
.
of
elme
,
or
whyte
nuttes
,
or
such
other
woodde
apte
to
be
sawen
,
hauing
theyr
playnes
made
ful
of
hackes
,
&
notches
,
with
the
helpe
of
the
sawe
or
such
other
instrumentes
of
ir●n
.
Upon
these
tables
standynge
sumwhat
a
slope
or
declynynge
,
with
a
holowe
shouel
they
cast
a
great
quantitie
of
water
myxt
with
the
sayde
sande
,
which
they
cast
so
,
that
the
water
runne
downe
directly
alonge
the
tables
.
The
Spany●rdes
make
these
disshes
with
handels
.
And
by
this
meanes
the
gold
,
as
a
matter
most
heuy
,
fauleth
to
the
bottome
of
the
sawne
hackes
,
and
there
restynge
and
cl●auynge
fast
,
is
so
diuided
from
the
sande
.
When
therfore
they
perceaue
a
sufficient
quantitie
of
golde
thus
remaynynge
on
the
tables
,
they
gather
it
with
diligence
and
put
it
in
a
trey
or
great
shallowe
dysshe
of
wod
lyke
vnto
those
which
the
golde
finers
vse
:
The
drawe●nge
out
of
golde
with
●uicke
siluer
.
And
in
these
they
wasshe
it
more
exactly
ageyne
and
ageyne
from
al
fylth
or
vnclenlynesse
.
This
doone
,
they
beate
or
mixte
(
or
amalgame
it
as
they
caule
it
)
with
Mercurie
or
quicksyluer
,
whiche
afterward
they
seperate
ageyne
from
the
same
eyther
by
straynyng
and
pressynge
it
through
a
bagge
of
lether
,
or
by
styllynge
or
●uaporatynge
the
quickesyluer
from
it
in
a
styllatory
of
glasse
and
so
fynde
they
the
golde
remaynynge
in
the
bottome
of
the
vessell
in
the
lykenes
of
fine
sande
,
which
they
brynge
into
a
metalline
body
by
meltynge
it
with
a
lyttle
borage
,
or
salt
petre
or
blacke
sope
,
&
so
cast
it
eyther
in
the
forme
of
a
wedge
or
a
rodde
,
or
otherwyse
as
lyketh
them
best
.
And
this
is
the
exacte
maner
of
drawynge
golde
owt
of
the
sandes
of
riuers
,
which
many
haue
vsed
to
theyr
great
commoditie
:
And
that
the
rather
bycause
that
in
folowyng
this
order
of
woorke
in
the
pourgynge
and
diuydynge
of
golde
,
it
shall
not
bee
requisite
as
in
other
maner
of
practises
,
to
bee
at
greate
charges
by
reason
of
many
men
which
shall
be
needefull
,
From
whense
golde
is
deriued
into
the
sandes
of
ryuers
.
with
manye
murals
,
fornaces
,
fiers
,
and
dyuers
artificers
:
wheras
in
woorkyng
after
this
sorte
,
one
man
may
suffice
with
one
table
and
one
holowe
shoouell
,
with
a
lyttle
quickesyluer
and
sufficient
abundaunce
of
water
.
But
lettyng
passe
to
speake
any
further
of
these
thynges
:
perhappes
summe
man
wolde
here
demaunde
from
whense
this
golde
is
deryued
into
the
sandes
of
the
sayde
ryuers
,
and
whether
it
be
browght
thyther
by
the
water
,
or
engendered
there
.
As
touchynge
which
question
,
I
haue
often
tymes
deliberated
with
my selfe
not
withowt
great
marueyle
:
and
especially
of
that
which
is
founde
in
the
sandes
of
the
ryuers
of
Tesino
,
Adda
,
and
Po
,
bicause
(
wheras
I
haue
sayde
before
that
it
is
browght
thyther
by
the
course
of
the
water
)
I
can
not
perceaue
from
whense
it
shuld
be
browght
,
forasmuch
as
there
is
no
myne
of
golde
,
or
of
any
other
metal
that
is
knowen
,
nere
to
any
of
those
places
.
By
reason
wherof
,
my
iudgemente
is
in
maner
confounded
,
seinge
also
that
it
is
th
oppinion
of
certeyne
wryters
,
that
it
is
engendered
euen
where
it
is
founde
:
The
which
,
if
it
so
be
,
it
is
not
trewe
that
it
is
browght
thyther
by
the
water
.
Ageyne
,
if
it
be
engendered
there
,
it
seemeth
to
me
a
dyfficult
thyng
to
comprehend
whether
it
be
brought
furthe
there
by
the
vertue
of
the
water
or
the
earth
,
or
the
heauen
.
That
golde
is
not
engendered
in
the
●andes
of
riuers
.
If
furthermore
any
of
these
shuld
be
the
cause
of
the
generation
hereof
,
it
seemethe
agreable
to
reason
that
it
shulde
bee
both
founde
and
engendered
through
owt
all
the
beddes
of
such
riuers
,
and
at
al
tymes
.
And
if
the
influence
of
heauen
be
the
most
prepotent
cause
of
this
effecte
,
then
it
seemeth
to
me
that
it
shuld
woorke
immediatly
,
bicause
it
can
not
otherwyse
obserue
th
order
whiche
nature
vseth
in
the
generation
of
metals
:
fyrst
brynginge
it
furth
to
the
open
shewe
,
in
the
place
where
aboundeth
the
continuall
isshewe
of
water
,
which
owght
also
to
be
of
such
force
as
to
remoue
the
earthy
substaunce
thereof
from
place
to
place
,
and
not
to
intermixte
such
great
inequalitie
of
couldenesse
and
moistnes
.
And
albeit
that
this
composition
begunne
in
this
order
,
shuld
not
be
disseuered
or
broken
by
the
waters
of
the
ryuers
,
yet
it
appeareth
to
me
that
the
showers
of
rayne
and
increase
of
fiuddes
,
shulde
be
of
sufficient
poure
to
distemper
,
breake
,
and
vtterly
destroy
all
such
compositions
as
shulde
be
engendered
in
such
places
,
forasmuch
as
al
thynges
are
conceaued
by
rest
and
quietnesse
after
the
commixtion
of
the
fyrste
elementes
.
And
therfore
if
this
golde
of
the
ryuers
,
bee
there
engendered
where
it
is
founde
,
I
wolde
it
were
declared
vnto
me
why
it
is
engendered
only
in
these
places
and
not
in
other
:
and
why
in
lyke
maner
,
syluer
,
copper
,
leade
,
or
any
other
metals
are
not
also
engendered
there
as
well
as
golde
,
beinge
matters
of
an
easyer
composition
of
nature
then
it
is
,
by
reason
of
the
perfecte
vnitie
and
concordaunce
with
puritie
of
substaunce
&
perfecte
concoction
which
is
in
golde
aboue
all
other
metals
:
whereas
also
in
many
places
in
the
territories
of
Rome
,
there
are
founde
many
sparkes
of
the
mine
of
●ren
of
blacke
colour
amonge
the
sandes
of
certeyne
smaule
ryuers
:
And
yet
these
only
in
certeyne
particular
places
of
the
sayde
riuers
:
wherby
it
appeareth
that
these
also
,
shulde
not
bee
engendered
where
they
are
founde
.
By
all
which
reasons
and
apparent
effectes
,
it
seemeth
most
agreable
to
truth
that
the
golde
which
is
found
in
such
sandes
,
This
mater
is
apparent
in
the
golde
founde
in
the
ryuers
in
the
Indies
.
is
rather
brought
thyther
by
the
water
,
then
engendered
there
.
And
therefore
to
declare
my
mynde
more
playnely
herein
,
I
suppose
that
this
chaunceth
only
in
great
ryuers
which
receaue
abundaunce
of
waters
of
dyuers
springes
,
fosses
,
and
other
ryuers
,
engendered
partly
of
the
meltynge
of
snowe
and
partly
of
great
showers
of
rayne
,
whiche
faulyng
in
certeyne
chanels
from
the
toppes
and
sydes
of
minerall
mountaynes
,
wasshe
away
parte
of
the
earth
of
theyr
bankes
and
the
ouerchanginge
and
holowe
rockes
which
may
conteyne
the
substaunce
of
golde
:
The
●aule
of
waters
from
montaynes
.
Or
otherwyse
,
that
in
such
places
,
there
are
ordinarie
mines
in
the
hyghe
mountaynes
or
other
superficiall
owt
places
,
perhappes
incessable
,
and
eyther
such
whyther
men
can
not
come
for
extreme
heate
or
cold
or
other
hynderaunces
,
or
els
such
as
they
haue
contemned
to
searche
.
And
yet
the
same
to
bee
so
consumed
by
the
force
of
water
as
we
haue
sayde
,
and
by
the
course
therof
to
bee
caried
into
the
ryuers
.
It
may
also
chaunce
that
suche
mynerall
earthes
Bee
farre
within
the
mountaynes
neare
vnto
such
ryuers
:
Springes
of
water
in
mountaynes
.
And
that
in
the
space
of
many
yeares
,
the
sprynges
isshewynge
owt
of
the
same
,
may
eyther
bee
dryed
vp
(
whiche
thyng
hath
byn
seene
)
or
els
turne
theyr
course
an
other
way
So
that
it
is
no
maruayle
if
in
such
a
multitude
of
yeres
,
the
trewe
originall
of
these
thynges
bee
vnknowen
euen
vnto
them
that
dwell
nere
such
places
.
But
in
fine
,
howe
so
euer
it
bee
,
trewe
it
is
that
golde
is
founde
●n
the
sandes
of
many
riuers
:
And
particularly
(
as
I
haue
noted
)
in
the
forenamed
ryuers
.
A●d
if
therefore
I
haue
maruayled
at
this
●hynge
,
I
owght
worthely
to
bee
excused
,
forasmuch
as
where
iudgement
can
not
bee
certified
by
reason
or
effectuall
apparence
,
there
aris●
many
doubtfull
coniectures
and
newe
causes
of
admiration
.
But
yet
do
I
maruel
much
more
of
an
other
thyng
the
which
I
am
informed
to
bee
most
trewe
by
the
report
of
many
credible
p●rsons
:
That
is
,
Uegetable
golde
growinge
owt
of
the
earthe
.
that
in
sum
places
of
Hungarie
at
certey●e
tym●s
of
the
yeare
,
pure
,
golde
spryngeth
owte
of
the
earthe
in
the
lykenesse
of
smaule
herbes
,
w●ethed
and
twyned
lyke
smaule
stalkes
of
hoppes
,
about
the
byggenesse
of
a
pack
threde
,
and
foure
fyngers
in
length
or
sume
a
handfull
.
As
concernynge
which
thynge
,
Of
this
,
reade
Alexander
ab
Alexandro
.
lib.
4
Genialium
dierum
.
Cap.
9.
Plinie
also
in
the
.xxxiii.
boke
of
his
naturall
hystorie
,
wryteth
the
lyke
to
haue
chauncet
in
Dalm●tia
in
his
tyme
.
The
which
(
if
it
bee
trewe
)
suerly
the
hus●ande
men
of
these
fieldes
shall
●●ape
heauenly
and
not
earthly
frutes
,
sent
them
of
god
from
heauen
,
and
browght
furth
of
nature
withowt
theyr
trauayle
or
a●te
.
A
grade
doubtle●se
most
especial
,
syth
that
in
so
great
a
quantitie
of
earth
graunted
to
the
possession
of
men
,
in
mande
onely
this
is
thought
woorthy
so
hygh
a
priuileage
But
what
shall
I
say
of
that
wherof
Albertus
Magnu●
wryteth
in
his
boo●e
of
minerals
,
affirmynge
that
he
hath
seene
golde
engendered
in
a
d●ade
mans
heade
:
Golde
founde
in
A
deade
mans
heade
.
And
that
the
same
beinge
founde
by
chaunce
in
dyggynge
,
and
perceaued
by
the
weyght
and
coloure
to
conteyne
sum
minerall
substaunce
,
was
proued
by
experience
to
holde
a
portion
of
fine
golde
mixte
with
smaule
sande
.
And
indeede
his
woordes
seeme
to
sound
to
none
other
sence
but
only
that
this
precious
metall
was
engendend
there
by
the
great
disposition
of
the
place
and
stronge
influence
of
heauen
:
The
which
suerlie
is
a
thynge
hardely
to
be
beleued
.
Yet
consyderynge
th
autoritie
of
so
greate
a
clerke
,
with
the
force
of
the
superiour
causes
and
the
maruelous
poure
of
nature
,
I
had
rather
gyue
fayth
hereto
then
rasshely
to
contemne
the
iudgement
of
so
greate
a
clarke
.
And
forasmuche
as
I
haue
begun
to
tell
yow
of
these
effectes
,
I
wyll
not
omytte
to
shewe
yowe
of
a
straunge
thynge
which
chaunced
also
in
a
part
of
Hungarie
,
where
a
myne
of
gold
was
so
founde
by
chaunce
and
vnsought
for
,
A
myne
of
golde
found
by
chaunce
.
that
it
may
neuerthelesse
be
an
aduertisement
to
other
to
searche
diligently
.
So
it
is
therefore
,
that
a
woman
of
the
contrey
beinge
accustomed
to
resorre
with
her
bucke
of
clothes
to
wasshe
them
in
a
certeyne
fosse
or
dike
where
ranne
a
lyttle
water
,
and
vsynge
to
beate
and
rubbe
them
vppon
a
●●one
which
seemed
commodious
for
her
purpose
,
chaunced
at
the
length
by
her
good
fortune
to
espie
on
the
stone
,
a
veyne
of
golde
trauersyng
or
ouerthwartinge
the
same
abowte
the
byggenesse
of
a
grose
packe
threede
,
A
vayne
of
golde
in
a
stone
.
shewynge
fayre
&
bright
by
reason
of
her
much
rubbynge
.
Wherat
marueylynge
dayly
more
and
more
,
at
the
length
opened
the
matter
of
her
familiers
:
who
conferrynge
with
such
as
hadde
better
skyll
of
the
thynge
,
founde
it
in
fine
to
bee
a
veyne
of
pure
golde
:
And
that
the
quarrie
of
that
stone
,
trauersed
the
course
of
the
water
of
the
fosse
.
Remouynge
therfore
the
water
,
and
turning
the
course
thereof
an
other
waye
,
they
beganne
to
dygge
and
folow
the
mine
which
hath
now
continued
certeine
.
C.
yeares
fence
it
was
fyrst
found
:
And
hath
not
only
greatly
enriched
that
contrey
,
But
also
all
Christendome
hath
had
great
commoditie
by
the
same
.
This
haue
I
rehearsed
vnto
yow
the
rather
that
yow
shulde
not
bee
negligent
in
any
poynt
of
omitte
and
signe
or
token
wherebye
yowe
may
bee
certified
of
greate
thynges
.
No
signes
to
be
omitted
.
not
con●emnynge
the
shadowe
of
any
smaule
tokens
:
but
aswel
to
gyue
attentyue
care
and
eye
vnto
them
,
as
to
feare
and
foresee
all
such
thynges
as
may
hynder
:
For
(
as
yow
may
hereby
well
perceaue
)
if
credit
had
not
fyrst
byn
gyuen
to
the
woordes
of
the
simple
wooman
,
and
the
thynge
afterwarde
well
folowed
,
perhappes
they
shulde
neyther
now
nor
euer
hereafter
haue
enioyed
the
frute
of
so
great
a
commoditie
.
Men
therfore
of
good
courage
folowinge
suche
ryche
signes
,
dyd
nether
feare
the
smaulenesse
of
the
veyne
or
hardnesse
of
the
stone
:
presupposynge
by
good
reason
that
golde
and
syluer
can
not
lyghtly
bee
founde
in
so
smaule
quantitie
,
but
that
the
same
shal
be
able
to
surmounte
the
charges
.
And
this
the
more
,
in
howe
much
the
further
yowe
shall
enter
into
the
stone
,
as
chaunceth
commonly
in
all
other
mynes
.
Albeit
,
the
practised
searchers
,
saye
that
the
myne
of
golde
is
not
founde
in
such
great
quantitie
as
are
the
mines
of
other
metals
.
Golde
is
not
founde
in
like
quantity
as
are
other
metals
.
Wherin
although
perhappes
they
say
trewly
,
yet
dooth
it
not
folowe
but
that
golde
also
maye
bee
founde
in
greate
quantitie
.
And
suerly
it
seemeth
to
me
,
that
the
benignitie
of
nature
hath
graunted
large
quantities
thereof
to
the
worlde
,
and
that
much
hath
euer
byn
and
is
founde
amonge
men
,
consyderynge
in
howe
many
places
it
is
dayly
gathered
aswel
in
mountaynes
as
in
sandes
of
ryuers
,
Argumentes
of
plentye
of
golde
.
bysyde
that
whiche
is
founde
accompanied
and
ioyned
with
other
metals
.
A
further
profe
hereof
may
that
bee
,
which
is
consumed
and
hydde
by
the
dyuers
inuentions
of
men
:
As
that
whiche
the
paynters
bestowe
in
adournynge
theyr
woorkes
:
And
goldesmythes
both
in
gyltynge
other
metals
and
also
in
makynge
dyuers
woorkes
of
massie
golde
:
howe
diuers
wayes
golde
is
consumed
.
bysyde
that
which
the
woorker
of
clothe
of
golde
and
arras
doo
consume
:
with
such
as
imbrotherers
and
sylke
woomen
spende
abowt
the
vanities
of
men
and
womens
apparell
and
tyrementes
.
Also
such
as
is
consumed
vppon
trappers
and
furnimentes
for
horses
,
with
gylted
harnesse
and
such
other
sumptuousnesse
as
perteyneth
to
the
warres
and
magnifical
buyldinges
of
noble
mens
houses
and
temples
:
Bysyde
that
also
whiche
the
couetousnesse
of
men
hath
hydde
in
stronge
waules
,
and
buryed
in
the
grounde
,
inclosed
in
chayned
cofers
locked
with
triple
keyes
:
And
that
which
serueth
to
the
dayly
vses
of
men
and
wandereth
about
the
worlde
through
the
handes
of
marchauntes
.
The
whiche
thynges
well
consydered
,
who
so
thinketh
that
nature
bringeth
furth
but
lyttle
golde
,
shall
perceaue
that
there
is
greate
quantitie
therof
in
the
worlde
,
Ma●●●
haue
to
muche
,
but
fewe
haue
enowgh
.
although
there
bee
but
fewe
that
haue
so
much
as
may
satisfie
the
thirst
of
theyr
couetou●nesse
.
And
to
speake
particularly
of
I●alie
,
Italie
wasted
byt
the
barbar●ans
.
althoughe
there
bee
no
myne
of
golde
knowen
in
it
,
yet
by
the
vertue
and
diligence
of
good
wyttes
,
it
hath
euer
and
at
all
ages
byn
more
ryche
then
many
other
prouinces
.
Notwithstandynge
it
hath
often
tymes
byn
spoyled
and
ouerrunne
of
dyuers
nations
,
as
nowe
of
late
in
owre
tyme
by
the
cruell
handes
of
the
Barbarians
which
entered
into
it
abowt
.xl.
yeares
paste
.
But
who
knoweth
as
hath
chaunced
in
the
dayes
of
owre
valient
predicessours
)
whether
Godde
wyll
ageyne
gyue
vs
occasion
to
chastise
them
and
so
to
inuade
theyr
regions
that
wee
maye
woonne
owre
owne
ageyne
with
increase
of
dowble
vsurie
.
Or
if
he
wyll
not
permitte
this
,
perhappes
he
wyll
graunte
vs
to
fynde
sum
ryche
myne
of
golde
.
Commendacion
of
Italie
For
,
consyderynge
and
seynge
that
this
owre
region
of
Italie
is
replenysshed
with
as
many
excellent
thynges
as
in
maner
heauen
can
gyue
to
any
habitable
place
,
it
is
not
to
bee
thought
that
this
benefite
of
golde
shulde
bee
wantynge
,
wheras
it
bryngeth
furth
such
plentie
of
al
other
mines
except
this
of
golde
and
tynne
.
Golde
and
tynne
.
And
yet
doo
I
verely
beleue
that
it
is
not
withowt
the
mynes
of
these
also
,
although
they
be
not
yet
discouered
to
the
knowleage
of
men
:
As
I
am
persuaded
bothe
by
the
golde
th●t
is
founde
in
the
sayd
ryuers
,
and
also
by
the
dyuers
and
sundry
meane
minerals
which
are
founde
in
many
places
and
adiudged
of
the
practicionars
to
bee
certeyne
cleare
tokens
of
theyr
proper
and
natural
agentes
.
Meane
minerals
.
But
for
that
they
are
not
found
,
felte
,
or
seene
,
we
owght
not
therby
to
affirme
that
they
are
not
.
To
conclude
therfore
,
I
thinke
that
in
owr
partes
of
Italie
,
The
golde
of
Italie
.
pure
golde
is
none
other
wayes
founde
(
excepte
that
which
is
currant
amonge
the
marchauntes
)
then
after
twoo
sortes
,
wherof
the
one
is
that
which
is
founde
in
the
sandes
of
ryuers
:
And
the
other
,
that
whiche
is
gotten
by
the
industrious
&
subtyle
art
of
partyng
gold
from
new
syluer
,
or
from
giltyng
syluer
,
or
other
metals
which
hold
gold
,
Golde
contayned
in
other
metals
.
as
there
are
in
maner
but
fewe
which
hold
not
sum
smaul
portion
therof
,
more
or
lesse
according
to
the
mixtion
&
permanencie
of
theyr
substances
,
or
accordynge
to
the
qualitie
and
force
of
the
planettes
which
expresse
theyr
influence
in
the
generation
of
them
.
And
in
fine
,
this
is
the
golde
that
which
is
founde
in
owre
partes
of
Italie
.
Nowe
therfore
to
returne
to
the
matter
whereof
is
owre
chiefe
intente
to
intreate
,
hauynge
before
spoken
sufficiently
of
the
generation
and
inuention
of
the
myne
of
golde
,
I
wyll
further
declare
vnto
yowe
howe
it
owght
to
be
pourged
from
earthly
superfluitie
,
The
maner
of
pourginge
of
golde
.
and
especially
that
whiche
is
founde
lyinge
in
the
forme
of
veynes
,
And
although
I
haue
not
seene
the
edifies
and
engens
wherwith
the
myners
are
accustomed
to
get
it
owt
,
yet
wyll
I
shewe
yow
howe
●y
other
practises
I
haue
learned
to
pourge
it
,
that
yow
may
not
bee
without
sum
knowleage
yf
your
fortune
shal
be
so
good
as
to
fynde
any
in
Italy
.
When
yow
haue
therfore
dygged
owt
the
myne
and
placed
it
in
order
,
yow
owght
to
consider
in
what
kynde
of
stone
it
is
engendered
.
And
if
it
bee
in
that
which
is
cauled
Lapis
Lazuli
,
Lapis
lazuli
.
then
muste
yow
so
drawe
owte
the
golde
that
yowe
also
saue
the
stone
,
bycause
perfecte
Asure
is
made
therof
,
Asure
.
and
such
as
the
paynters
caule
Azu●ro
Oltramarino
,
that
is
,
Asure
of
beyonde
the
sea
,
which
they
greatly
esteme
&
bye
it
deare
.
And
to
do
this
,
it
is
necessary
that
yowe
fyrst
beate
it
into
fine
pouder
,
and
then
put
it
in
a
trey
or
brode
treene
dysshe
,
and
wasshe
it
fayre
and
cleane
with
water
.
This
done
amalgame
or
rubbe
it
well
with
quickesy●uer
vntyll
it
haue
lycked
vppe
and
drawne
al
the
golde
into
it
and
left
the
stone
pure
of
it selfe
.
howe
golde
is
drawen
frome
Lapis
lazuli
.
with
quicke
syluer
.
Then
strayne
the
quickesyluer
from
the
golde
through
a
bagge
of
lether
,
or
vapour
it
away
in
a
styllatorie
of
glasse
:
And
thus
shal
yowe
fynde
the
golde
in
the
bottome
of
the
vessell
in
maner
pure
without
quickesyluer
,
as
I
haue
sayde
before
.
And
if
yow
haue
no
respecte
to
saue
the
stone
,
it
shall
suffice
to
vse
the
common
experience
,
meltynge
it
in
a
fornace
in
a
bayne
or
teste
of
leade
.
The
baine
or
test
of
leade
.
But
in
my
opinion
,
the
best
maner
to
brynge
it
to
purenesse
,
is
fyrst
to
burne
the
mine
with
a
gentell
fyre
in
an
open
fornace
,
and
to
suffer
it
to
euaporate
well
if
it
bee
not
in
such
stone
as
yowe
desyre
to
saue
.
Then
grynde
it
in
a
mylle
or
beate
it
with
pestelles
adapted
with
a
wheele
vntyll
it
be
browght
to
fine
pouder
.
And
when
yow
haue
wel
wasshed
it
and
so
much
wasted
the
superfluous
earthynesse
therof
,
then
put
it
in
a
teste
made
accordynge
to
the
quantitie
of
the
same
,
and
melt
it
therin
with
leade
whiche
yowe
shall
consume
partely
by
vapoure
and
partely
with
drawynge
it
owt
by
the
syde
of
the
teste
(
as
is
the
maner
)
vntyll
yowe
come
to
the
pure
golde
whiche
yowe
shall
in
fine
brynge
to
perfecte
purenesse
in
vtterly
consumynge
the
remanent
of
the
leade
with
vehement
fire
increased
by
the
helpe
of
stronge
bellowes
.
And
this
is
the
vniuersal
maner
which
yow
may
vse
not
only
in
pourgynge
the
myne
of
golde
,
The
maner
of
pourginge
gol●e
with
leade
.
but
also
the
mynes
of
all
other
metals
.
☞
Of
the
myne
of
siluer
and
the
qualitie
therof
.
THere
are
(
as
I
vnderstande
)
diuers
opinions
emonge
the
practitionars
of
the
mynes
,
whether
syluer
haue
a
proper
myne
by
it selfe
or
no.
whether
sylver
haue
A
mine
by
hi●
selfe
or
no.
The
reasons
of
suche
as
writte
of
the
naturs
of
mineralles
,
and
th
autoritie
of
the
most
,
persuade
me
to
assent
to
the
affirmatiue
:
Not
only
to
see
the
naturall
matter
distincte
,
as
is
to
perceaue
in
the
mynes
of
golde
,
copper
,
leade
and
other
metals
whiche
in
theyr
mynes
are
found
pure
by
them selues
without
mixtion
,
but
also
that
I
vnderstand
that
there
hath
bin
found
likewyse
certeyne
pieces
as
well
of
this
metall
of
siluer
,
as
of
gold
and
copper
,
browght
to
his
laste
fynesse
by
th
only
worke
of
nature
.
And
this
dooth
Georgius
Agricola
a
lerned
man
of
Germany
confirme
in
his
booke
of
minerals
where
he
writteth
that
in
Saxonie
there
was
found
in
a
caue
a
piece
of
mineral
siluer
of
such
bignes
,
Georgius
Agricola
.
A
table
of
mi●eral
syluer
.
that
the
duke
the
prince
&
pa●rone
of
that
place
,
caused
a
chayre
and
square
dyninge
table
after
the
maner
of
Almanye
to
be
made
therof
withowte
any
further
woorke
of
mans
hande
:
Gloryinge
often
tymes
that
in
this
thynge
he
surmounted
the
greatnesse
and
magnificence
of
the
Emperoure
.
But
in
deede
(
excepte
copper
)
I
haue
seene
no
metall
taken
owte
of
the
caue
pure
withowt
his
vre
.
Yet
doo
I
beleeue
it
a
thynge
possible
,
consydering
the
greate
force
and
poure
of
nature
,
The
workes
of
nature
.
th
ende
of
whose
woorkynge
euer
intendeth
to
bringe
all
thynges
to
perfection
as
farre
as
it
is
not
otherwyse
hyndered
.
Yet
(
as
I
haue
sayde
)
of
the
moste
parte
of
those
mynes
whiche
I
haue
seene
,
none
of
theym
haue
byn
withowt
mixture
,
Mixte
metales
.
not
only
of
the
earthe
of
their
owne
proper
myne
,
but
haue
byn
also
mixte
with
other
metals
:
And
especially
this
of
syluer
more
then
any
other
,
excepte
onlye
that
which
was
digged
in
Schio
in
Vicentina
.
And
therefore
not
withowt
sum
sh●dow
of
apparent
reason
,
haue
suche
doubtes
risin
amonge
the
practitionars
of
the
mynes
.
And
yet
(
as
I
haue
sayd
I
beleue
that
siluer
may
haue
and
hath
his
proper
mine
,
forasmuche
as
euery
substaunce
that
maye
be
conuerted
into
metall
,
may
aswell
stande
by
it selfe
pure
in
his
owne
kynde
,
as
eyther
seperate
or
mixte
with
other
,
as
is
often
times
seene
in
one
masse
in
the
whiche
diuers
metals
are
conteyned
and
engendered
by
nature
.
Diuers
metals
in
one
masse
.
And
by
this
meanes
it
often
chaunceth
that
he
that
speaketh
of
the
mine
of
siluer
,
may
with
the
same
brethe
and
withowt
distinction
,
speake
also
of
all
other
metales
,
forasmuche
as
there
are
but
fewe
mynes
which
are
not
mixte
with
other
.
But
bycause
the
moste
noble
and
riche
metals
haue
obteyned
the
prerogatiue
to
be
estemed
aboue
other
,
therfore
the
name
of
the
myne
is
gyuen
to
them
wher
they
are
mixte
with
other
:
as
the
mynes
which
holde
copper
,
leade
,
or
iren
,
In
the
indies
golde
founde
in
greate
quantity
,
pure
and
vnmixte
.
(
as
doo
the
moste
parte
)
yet
if
they
holde
also
golde
or
syluer
,
they
are
cauled
gold
mynes
or
syluer
mynes
,
according
vnto
that
which
is
founde
in
them
to
bee
of
most
value
.
But
to
lette
passe
this
matter
,
yowe
shall
further
vnderstande
that
when
suche
mynes
are
mixte
of
diuers
metals
,
they
shew
furth
so
much
the
more
diuers
and
variable
fumosites
of
tinctures
and
marchasites
,
as
signes
where
they
bee
and
of
what
purenesse
:
forasmuch
as
euery
of
them
according
to
theyr
natures
,
exalte
theyr
colours
which
they
shewe
furthe
to
the
eye
,
The
coulours
of
mineral
fumosites
.
sum
in
the
similitude
of
asurine
or
blewe
stones
,
sum
greene
,
sum
yelowe
,
and
sum
of
vndistinct
colours
accordynge
to
the
compositions
and
mixtures
of
the
fyrst
matters
of
metals
,
which
is
also
the
cause
that
they
are
founde
more
or
lesse
in
quantitie
.
Nowe
to
speake
more
particularly
of
this
metall
of
syluer
,
The
generacion
&
qualitie
of
siluer
.
the
philosophers
speculatours
of
naturall
thynges
,
saye
that
it
is
engendered
of
substaunce
more
watery
then
fyerie
,
of
complexion
f●minine
and
flegmatike
in
comparason
to
gold
:
receauynge
more
of
th
influence
of
the
moone
then
of
the
son
,
The
influens
of
the
mone
.
and
therfore
engendered
more
in
coulde
regions
nerer
vnto
the
moone
,
then
in
hotte
regions
vnder
the
soonne
:
consisting
also
of
pure
elementes
,
although
sumwhat
crude
and
vndygested
in
respecte
of
the
elementes
of
golde
as
may
bee
plainely
perceaued
by
theyr
colours
,
weyght
,
and
fixation
.
Stones
in
the
●hich
s●lu●r
is
engend●red
.
The
practicionars
affirme
that
it
is
engendered
in
a
stone
lyke
vnto
Albazano
,
and
also
in
an
other
●●one
of
a
russet
,
deade
,
and
darke
colour
:
And
is
often
tymes
founde
in
an
other
stone
lyke
vnto
Treuertino
or
in
Treuertino
it selfe
.
The
myne
hereof
,
is
very
ponderous
,
and
hathe
in
it
often
tymes
certeyne
shynynge
graynes
:
The
myne
of
●ylu●r
.
The
which
howe
much
the
lesse
they
are
like
to
the
poynte
of
a
needle
so
muche
is
the
myne
founde
to
bee
the
perfecter
,
bycause
this
is
a
token
of
purenesse
and
fixion
.
And
when
it
is
founde
in
a
whyte
stone
,
or
leade
stone
,
it
is
so
muche
the
better
,
bycause
it
maye
be
the
easyer
pourged
from
the
stone
and
earthynesse
.
When
also
it
is
founde
lyinge
as
it
were
loose
amonge
certeine
frales
or
cloddes
of
earth
,
they
saye
th●t
it
is
perfecte
,
although
it
haue
not
to
the
eye
suche
resplendence
as
other
are
wonte
to
haue
.
The●
say
also
that
it
is
engen●ered
in
an
earth
of
darke
ru●set
colour
:
And
that
when
it
is
founde
in
this
,
it
is
of
gre●t
quantitie
and
perfection
,
and
that
there
is
great
plentie
therof
within
the
mountayne
:
The
mountayne
.
This
also
to
be
so
much
the
better
in
howe
much
more
it
is
shynynge
of
the
coloure
of
iren
or
red●e
.
And
that
yowe
may
the
bet●er
comprehend
the
signes
of
the
myne
of
the
foresayde
metall
,
yowe
shall
vnderstand
that
euen
togyther
with
the
myne
,
eyther
where
it
is
fyrste
founde
,
or
nere
vnto
the
same
,
yowe
shall
see
certeyne
marchasites
of
yelowe
coloure
lyke
vnto
golde
.
Marchasites
of
syluer
.
The
which
,
the
more
they
holde
of
suche
hyghe
colour
,
so
much
the
more
do
they
shewe
adust
or
burnt
ma●ter
and
heate
,
as
thynges
contrary
to
the
na●ure
of
theyr
metals
.
And
therfore
accordynge
to
the
degrees
of
suche
colours
,
yow
may
in
maner
iudge
of
what
fatnes
or
leanenesse
the
myne
is
lyke
to
bee
.
Such
marcha●ites
therfore
as
●hew●
the
best
signes
of
the
goodnesse
of
theyr
mynes
,
what
marchasites
are
the
beste
signes
.
owght
in
coloure
to
approche
to
whytenesse
as
much
as
may
bee
,
and
to
consyst
of
smaule
graynes
,
and
not
in
greate
quantitie
.
And
this
is
a
generall
rule
of
all
marchasites
,
that
howe
much
th●
narower
and
lesse
they
are
,
the
more
do
they
shewe
the
goodnesse
of
theyr
myne
.
This
myne
of
syluer
is
also
often
times
founde
in
a
veyne
of
great
quant●tie
,
and
yet
so
leane
in
qualitie
that
it
wyll
not
beare
the
charge
of
the
dyggyng
,
bicause
it
is
founde
in
a
harde
stone
lyke
vnto
Al●azano
,
Syluer
myns
in
harde
stones
.
beinge
verye
harde
to
bee
dygged
or
broken
.
Sum
tymes
also
,
it
is
found
in
the
company
of
copper
or
leade
:
Syluer
with
copper
or
leade
.
The
which
lykewyse
if
it
do
not
surmount
the
value
of
the
charges
,
it
is
not
to
bee
folowed
.
Otherwhyles
also
,
it
so
chuanceth
that
these
thre
metals
are
founde
accompanyed
togyther
in
one
myne
:
In
whiche
case
it
shal
be
●ecessarie
to
vse
aduertisement
of
arte
.
And
presupposynge
that
yowe
desy●e
to
se●arate
the
syluer
frome
the
other
metall
,
it
is
necessarie
that
yowe
increase
the
leade
.
But
if
yow
passe
not
to
saue
neyther
the
syl●er
nor
the
leade
,
The
deuyding
●t
siluer
from
other
metals
.
but
●nly
the
copper
,
it
shal●e
requi●ite
to
proceade
wi●h
l●●g●
●nd
great
fyers
vntyl
the
weakest
marters
bee
consumed
.
But
this
owght
to
be
doone
especially
in
such
mines
as
hold
iren
.
Iren.
Yet
neyther
for
this
or
those
,
can
there
any
general
rule
be
gyuen
,
but
that
accordynge
vnto
theyr
qualitie
and
nature
,
so
owght
they
to
be
diuided
:
And
this
so
much
the
more
in
that
they
are
often
tymes
mixte
with
sum
drye
earthe
,
or
with
a
quantitie
of
antimonie
or
arsenike
,
Metals
mixte
with
Antimonie
or
Arsnike
which
are
matters
al
togyther
euaporable
and
burnte
,
or
of
harde
substaunce
to
bee
reduced
to
fusion
or
meltynge
:
In
so
much
that
the
artificers
sumtymes
beinge
ouercumme
of
them
,
leaue
them
as
thynges
vnprofitable
.
Wherof
there
can
none
other
cause
often
times
be
gyuen
,
then
theyr
owne
ignoraunce
by
reason
of
extraordinarie
and
longe
fyers
whiche
they
gyue
them
.
And
therefore
they
woorke
inordinately
in
such
kynd
of
mynes
,
except
they
accompanie
them
in
the
fusion
or
meltynge
with
such
thinges
as
may
defende
them
from
the
fyer
.
howe
metals
are
preserued
in
fusion
.
For
wheras
is
suche
abundaunce
eyther
of
burnte
matter
,
or
of
super●●uous
waterynesse
,
wherof
the
one
is
cauled
Sulphur
or
brymstone
,
&
the
other
Mercurie
or
quicksyluer
not
fixed
,
Sulphur
and
mercurye
.
or
arsenike
,
it
is
necessarie
that
the
one
burne
and
syluer
,
and
the
other
cary
it
a
way
,
so
that
of
the
myne
there
resteth
none
other
then
an
ear
thye
sub●taunce
infusible
and
not
able
to
bee
molten
.
To
saue
the
sayde
myne
therefore
it
shal
be
requisite
to
vse
discretion
with
much
pacience
and
conueniente
meanes
,
Grinding
and
wasshinge
of
mynes
.
fyrste
after
the
common
maner
of
woorkynge
to
euaporate
the
myne
(
as
wee
haue
sayde
)
or
withowt
euaporation
to
grinde
it
smaule
:
then
to
wasshe
it
often
,
and
in
fine
,
if
not
by
greate
fyers
,
at
the
leaste
by
great
baynes
or
testes
of
leade
to
pourge
it
.
And
to
brynge
this
effect
the
more
easely
to
passe
as
much
as
may
be
,
after
that
it
is
grounde
yow
owght
to
proue
in
the
same
grindynge
or
in
an
other
,
if
it
may
be
amalgamed
with
Mercurie
which
is
the
best
maner
of
profe
,
The
amalgamynge
of
mines
with
Mercury
.
if
the
myne
bee
of
a
drye
nature
:
And
I
knowe
that
it
hath
bynne
vsed
of
many
to
theyr
greate
profyte
:
And
especially
in
those
sorte
of
mynes
which
I
sayde
before
to
bee
dygged
in
Vigentina
in
Schio
,
beinge
very
ryche
and
good
.
Proue
it
therfore
.
For
all
kyndes
of
mines
do
not
receaue
it
.
And
of
this
wherof
I
haue
spoken
,
I
haue
intelligence
that
there
hath
bynne
pieces
founde
holdynge
a
fourth
part
of
syluer
,
Mines
holdynge
the
fourthe
part
of
siluer
.
and
sum
more
then
halfe
.
And
this
was
founde
lyinge
in
maner
in
the
superficia●l
parte
of
the
earth
:
and
sum
tymes
in
pathes
and
high
wayes
.
It
hath
also
bin
founde
vnder
the
rootes
of
suche
trees
as
haue
byn
ouerthrowen
by
tempeste
:
and
this
very
perfecte
.
So
that
emong●
all
the
mynes
whiche
I
haue
seene
in
the
dominions
of
Uenice
,
as
in
Carnia
and
in
mnay
other
places
,
I
can
not
saye
that
I
haue
seene
any
better
:
Although
there
bee
many
caues
wherof
the
most
parte
are
of
coppe●
holdinge
syluer
:
Copper
holdinge
syluer
.
and
emonge
other
,
that
in
the
mountayne
of
Auanzo
,
where
I
in
the
company
of
certeyne
other
gentlemen
caused
a
caue
to
bee
digged
.
And
bycause
the
hole
charge
was
committed
to
mee
,
I
wente
by
occasion
twyse
into
high
Almanye
to
see
the
mynes
of
●hat
countrey
,
wherby
I
might
haue
the
better
experience
to
faule
to
practyse
at
my
returne
.
In
so
much
that
I
founde
the
mine
which
we
had
taken
in
hand
to
folowe
,
to
bee
very
good
and
ryche
:
holdynge
more
then
three
vnces
and
a
halfe
of
syluer
in
euery
hundreth
of
the
myne
.
Th●e
vnces
dim
of
siluer
in
euery
hundreth
of
mine
And
doubtlesse
we
shuld
haue
obteyned
great
commoditie
hereby
if
fortune
at
that
tyme
had
not
raysed
warre
betwene
Maximilian
Th
emperoure
and
the
signorie
of
Uenece
:
war
betwene
Maximilian
●hemperour
and
the
Uenecians
.
which
was
the
cause
that
those
places
of
Frioli
and
Carnia
,
coulde
not
be
quietly
inhabited
:
whereby
w●
were
enforced
to
forsake
owre
enterpryse
,
and
to
rase
and
destroy
th
order
which
we
had
begunne
.
And
by
reason
that
the
warres
continued
longe
,
we
were
constrayned
to
diuide
owr
company
,
where
I
also
departed
an
other
way
,
hauyng
euer
in
mynde
to
folowe
owre
attempted
enterpryse
when
better
oportunitie
shulde
serue
.
In
the
meane
tyme
returnyng
agein●
into
hyghe
Almanie
,
The
mynes
of
Almanye
.
I
made
more
diligent
searche
to
know●
the
mynes
then
before
:
and
went
to
Sbozzo
,
Plaiper
,
Ispruch
,
Alla
,
and
Arotrinbergh
:
frome
whense
I
wente
into
dyuers
places
of
Italy
.
So
that
to
conclude
,
the
most
and
best
mynes
whiche
I
haue
sene
to
holde
most
of
syluer
,
are
those
that
are
found●
in
Vice●tina
in
certeyne
stones
of
a
dark
grey
,
or
russet
colour
,
as
I
haue
sayde
before
.
And
nowe
for
a
generall
aduertisement
,
I
wyll
not
omyt
to
tell
yow
,
that
when
yow
haue
attempted
to
dygge
any
mynes
,
and
haue
founde
the
marchasi●e
and
the
myne
myxt
togyther
,
The
m●rchasite
mixt
with
the
myne
.
yowe
shall
leaue
of
yowre
woorke
,
bycause
it
signifieth
that
the
myne
is
neare
to
the
superficial
part
of
the
earth
,
&
that
it
is
of
but
lyttle
quantitie
.
And
thus
as
touchyng
this
myne
of
syluer
,
I
can
say
no
mor●
sauynge
that
I
haue
not
yet
shewed
yowe
the
maner
of
pourgynge
it
from
earthly
grosenes
and
to
brynge
it
to
perfect
metall
.
But
bycause
I
haue
determyned
to
speake
largely
hereof
in
the
proper
place
of
the
fusion
or
meltynge
of
all
metals
,
I
haue
thowght
good
to
speake
no
further
of
this
matter
at
this
presente
.
The
maner
of
workynge
in
golde
mynes
of
Egipte
in
owld
tyme
,
after
the
description
of
Diodorus
Siculus
,
who
wrotte
his
historie
cauled
Bibliotheca
,
sumwhat
before
the
dayes
of
th
emperoure
O●tauianus
Augustus
,
&
before
th incarnation
of
Christ
abowt
.xl.
yeares
.
He
wryteth
therefore
in
his
fourthe
booke
as
foloweth
.
WE
haue
not
thowght
good
to
pretermit
howe
golde
is
founde
,
digged
,
and
wrought
amonge
the
Egiptians
.
In
the
confines
therefore
of
Egipte
where
it
borthereth
with
Ethiopia
and
Arabia
,
there
are
certeyne
places
frutefull
of
metalles
,
owt
of
the
whiche
,
golde
is
digged
with
great
laboure
and
expenses
.
For
a
blacke
earthe
of
minerale
nature
,
hath
certeyne
vaynes
of
moste
white
marble
exceadinge
bright
and
shyninge
.
Gold
in
a
black
earth●
,
and
white
marble
The
surueyours
of
this
woorke
,
haue
assigned
them
a
greate
company
of
men
to
woorke
and
coyne
golde
.
For
the
kinges
of
Egipte
are
accustomed
to
appoynte
to
these
paynefull
trauailes
,
Then
damned
to
the
metales
as
nowe
to
the
gallies
.
all
suche
as
haue
byn
convicte
for
certeyne
crimes
and
condemned
by
lawes
,
or
taken
prisoners
in
the
warres
,
or
suche
as
haue
byn
committed
to
prison
through
the
indignation
of
princes
who
by
this
meanes
haue
bothe
great
vantage
by
theyr
laboure
,
and
punyshe
them
sufficiently
for
theyr
offenses
.
For
barbarous
&
strange
souldiers
of
diuers
languagies
,
bare
ruleouer
them
and
keepe
them
to
theyr
worke
,
in
suche
sorte
that
thuse
of
speache
beinge
taken
from
thyem
,
they
can
not
bee
corrupted
by
loue
or
intreatie
.
They
drawe
golde
owt
of
the
hardest
earth
decocte
with
much
fyer
.
The
softest
stone
which
is
broken
with
meane
labour
,
is
digged
with
instrumentes
of
iren
by
the
trauayle
of
many
thousands
of
men
.
The
scrier
which
decerneth
the
veines
of
the
myne
,
The
scrier
of
the
vayne
.
goth
before
the
workemen
,
appoynting
them
the
places
where
they
shall
digge
.
The
marble
stone
whiche
he
sheweth
theim
,
they
breake
and
cleaue
with
wedgies
of
iren
by
the
mere
strength
of
their
bodies
withowte
arte
.
They
make
theyr
fosse
or
caue
,
not
right
furthe
,
but
as
the
bright
nature
of
the
golden
marble
leadeth
them
,
Golden
marble
.
beinge
otherwyse
darke
and
obscure
by
reason
of
theyr
sundry
turnes
and
bendinges
diuers
wayes
.
The
labourers
caryinge
lyght
befor●
theyr
forheades
,
digge
great
stones
owt
of
the
myne
,
whych●
they
let
faule
on
the
ground
.
From
this
labour
they
neuer
rest
,
inforced
to
contynual
woorke
with
strokes
and
contumelious
woordes
.
The
woorke
of
chyldren
.
Children
of
th
age
of
.xii.
or
.xiii.
yeares
or
vppewarde
,
are
diuided
into
two
companyes
,
whereof
the
one
breake
the
stones
into
smaule
pieces
,
and
the
other
cary
furth
that
which
is
broken
.
They
that
are
past
th
age
of
.xxx.
yeares
,
receaue
the
sayd
broken
stones
at
theyr
hands
and
beate
them
in
vessels
of
stone
with
maules
of
iren
,
to
the
quantity
of
tares
or
fytches
which
afterward
they
cast
into
many
milles
,
Mylles
.
where
by
the
laboure
of
two
or
three
women
or
owlde
men
to
euery
mylle
,
The
mi●ery
of
the
miners
they
are
grounde
as
smaule
as
meale
.
The
fylthinesse
of
the
bodies
of
these
labourers
,
is
apparent
to
all
men
.
For
not
so
muche
as
their
priuie
members
are
couered
with
any
thinge
:
And
theyr
bodies
bysyde
so
fylthy
,
that
no
man
can
beholde
them
withowt
compassion
of
theyr
miserie
.
But
no
pitie
,
no
reste
,
no
remission
is
graunted
them
,
whether
they
bee
men
or
women
,
younge
or
owlde
,
sycke
or
feeble
:
But
are
all
with
strokes
inforced
to
continuall
labour
vntyl
the
poore
wretches
faynt
and
often
tymes
dye
for
extreme
debilitie
:
In
so
much
that
many
of
them
for
feare
of
theyr
lyfe
to
coomme
(
which
they
thynke
woorse
then
the
present
payne
)
preferre
death
before
lyfe
.
The
pourgeinge
of
the
metall
frome
the
vre
.
When
they
haue
thus
grounde
the
stones
very
smaule
,
they
cast
that
substaunce
vppon
brode
tables
inclynynge
sumwhat
stiepe
or
standynge
a
slope
,
and
cast
wate●
theron
,
sterynge
continually
the
sayde
pouder
of
marble
:
by
the
meanes
wherof
the
earth
and
vre
of
the
myne
is
wasshed
away
,
and
the
golde
as
the
heauier
matter
remayneth
on
the
tables
.
When
they
haue
doonne
thus
often
tymes
,
they
ouerturne
the
golde
continually
with
t●eyr
handes
&
rub
it
with
thynne
spoonges
,
owt
of
the
which
they
presse
a
softe
earth
,
and
thus
continewe
vntyll
the
pure
metall
remayne
lyke
vnto
golden
sande
.
The
melting
of
golde
.
After
that
this
preparation
is
fynysshed
,
oth●r
woorkemen
receauynge
it
at
theyr
handes
by
measure
and
weyght
,
cast
it
into
earthen
pottes
,
puttynge
thereto
a
certeyne
portion
of
leade
,
with
branne
of
barly
,
and
weedes
of
the
sea
cauled
reites
or
ouse
.
These
thynges
proportioned
accordyngly
,
they
close
the
pottes
diligently
with
cley
,
Alg●
.
and
so
let
them
stand
in
a
furnesse
with
fyer
for
the
space
of
fyue
continuall
dayes
and
nyghtes
.
In
which
space
,
al
other
thinges
of
contrary
mixture
beinge
consumed
,
only
the
golde
is
found
in
the
vessels
,
sumwhat
diminysshed
of
the
fyrst
weyght
.
And
by
this
labour
and
diligence
is
golde
possessed
in
the
furthest
parte
of
Egypt
.
Wherby
,
euen
nature
her selfe
teacheth
vs
howe
laborious
it
is
in
fyndynge
,
tedious
in
pursuinge
,
daungerous
in
keepynge
,
and
in
vse
constitute
betwene
pleasure
and
sorowe
.