ARS
AVLICA
,
OR
The
Courtiers
Arte.
CHAP.
I.
What
should
be
the
Courtiers
and
or
scope
.
ALL
Humane
actions
haue
for
their
end
&
scope
some
good
or
benefit
of
him
who
is
the
actour
of
them
.
The
chiefest
good
principally
thirsted
after
by
man
is
happinesse
:
For
this
,
all
actions
are
done
;
which
either
mediatly
or
immediatly
regard
the
same
;
so
that
euery
Agent
properlie
worketh
for
his
owne
benefit
.
True
it
is
,
that
many
times
in
the
atchieuement
of
some
desired
good
being
very
difficult
,
the
helpe
of
another
is
expedient
,
his
owne
forces
not
bastant
or
sufficient
.
For
this
cause
,
in
the
beginning
,
were
Societies
instituted
;
in
the
which
if
euery
one
should
worke
for
his
owne
good
,
without
respecting
that
of
his
fellow
;
doubtlesse
,
they
should
be
vaine
and
friutlesse
.
Wherefore
in
these
,
it
is
behooffull
not
to
worke
for
proper
commoditie
,
but
for
publike
benefit
;
for
that
in
this
maner
euery
one
as
interessed
,
doe
agree
to
effect
and
facilize
the
obtaining
of
that
good
which
is
desired
.
The
end
then
of
euery
Society
is
the
common
good
of
those
who
are
comprehended
therin
.
The
respect
and
relation
of
him
that
commandeth
,
towards
him
that
serueth
,
I
dare
not
call
it
a
Societie
;
for
such
is
the
inequalitie
of
the
termes
,
that
by
many
wise
men
the
seruant
is
held
the
Commanders
instrument
;
whereby
it
followeth
,
that
among
them
there
is
no
other
end
,
than
the
good
of
the
master
,
knowing
it
to
be
cleere
,
that
we
can
not
distinguish
the
end
of
the
instrument
,
from
that
of
the
agent
which
mooues
the
same
.
Heere-hence
it
followeth
further
,
that
the
Seruant
oweth
all
his
actions
(
as
a
seruant
)
vnto
his
Master
,
and
the
Master
nothing
vnto
his
seruant
;
and
that
therefore
receiuing
any
benefit
from
the
commander
or
Master
,
he
is
by
far
more
bound
,
than
by
seruing
he
can
oblige
the
other
;
since
in
seruing
he
doth
but
the
actions
of
an
instrument
,
the
which
are
to
be
acknowledged
from
the
agent
,
but
in
receiuing
of
a
benefit
,
he
hath
the
same
from
another
as
from
an
affected
cause
:
From
the
same
principle
many
excellent
and
important
consequences
might
be
deduced
,
the
which
notwithstanding
I
will
reserue
,
as
for
a
place
more
fit
,
in
that
part
of
actiue
Philosophie
,
which
conteineth
precepts
of
Oeconomicall
prudence
.
In
the
meane
time
wee
say
,
That
not
entreating
heere
of
naturall
or
violent
seruitude
,
but
of
voluntary
and
electiue
seruice
,
it
seemeth
,
and
not
without
reason
,
it
may
pretend
to
haue
in
some
sort
the
qualitie
and
nature
of
a
Societie
,
and
that
by
consequence
we
may
attribute
vnto
it
for
the
end
thereof
a
kinde
of
communion
of
good
.
And
certeinly
that
heerein
the
seruice
due
to
the
Master
is
most
considerable
,
may
be
gathered
by
what
alreadie
hath
beene
sayd
,
as
also
by
weying
or
iudging
of
their
mutuall
bonds
:
for
,
if
any
demand
What
is
the
seruants
duetie
or
bond
,
there
is
none
I
thinke
that
will
not
answer
,
To
serue
his
lord
and
master
:
But
on
the
other
side
seeking
what
is
the
Masters
dutie
,
we
shall
finde
it
,
To
benefit
the
seruant
according
to
his
merit
.
So
that
by
this
mutuall
obligation
,
these
two
termes
Master
and
Seruant
are
vnited
together
in
a
societie
;
the
which
as
hath
already
been
sayd
,
hath
for
the
end
a
common
profit
.
This
granted
,
it
seemeth
that
the
Masters
scope
or
end
is
,
the
seruants
benefit
,
and
that
of
the
Seruant
,
the
Masters
seruice
,
since
their
duties
haue
these
references
.
And
if
it
be
so
,
there
groweth
a
doubt
how
it
may
be
verified
,
that
euery
one
worketh
for
his
peculiar
profit
,
or
that
this
is
the
naturall
inclination
of
euerie
man
,
and
of
all
working
things
▪
But
it
is
answered
,
that
the
ends
are
of
two
sorts
,
either
desired
or
intended
by
themselues
,
or
by
accident
and
caused
by
another
.
Whereby
it
followeth
,
that
two
,
which
between
themselues
seeme
contrary
,
may
desire
one
thing
without
repugnancy
,
as
in
this
present
case
it
happeneth
.
For
the
seruant
desireth
for
himselfe
,
and
worketh
for
his
proper
benefit
,
mooued
vnto
it
by
a
naturall
instinct
:
but
by
accident
,
and
for
this
cause
desireth
and
worketh
in
the
seruice
of
his
Lord
,
since
that
from
hence
finallie
hee
draweth
the
profit
and
commodity
which
he
longeth
after
;
whereby
there
is
no
contradiction
at
all
,
that
the
seruant
should
haue
for
his
end
his
proper
benefit
,
and
withall
the
seruice
of
his
Master
.
Yet
this
doth
not
wholly
resolue
the
propounded
doubt
,
because
it
seemeth
,
that
if
the
true
and
principall
end
of
the
seruant
be
his
owne
proper
commoditie
,
we
might
say
that
his
dutie
were
to
worke
,
not
for
his
Masters
seruice
,
but
for
his
owne
profit
:
and
therefore
this
is
by
euery
man
with
great
reason
reiected
.
Wherefore
wee
say
that
a
seruant
may
two
wayes
be
considered
,
either
as
he
is
sociable
,
or
as
he
is
associated
:
if
as
sociable
,
without
doubt
the
end
of
his
actions
is
his
proper
benefit
:
if
as
associated
,
by
the
bond
of
duty
which
bindes
him
,
his
End
is
the
seruice
of
his
Master
.
Or
if
in
other
termes
,
we
wil
say
the
same
thing
,
that
is
,
that
the
seruant
hath
two
Ends
or
Respects
,
one
which
moueth
him
to
contra●…
this
societie
,
and
this
out
of
a●…
question
and
resolutely
is
his
proper
benefit
;
the
other
is
the
end
of
the
societie
,
and
this
doubtlesse
is
the
commoditie
or
seruice
of
the
master
,
though
not
disbanded
or
disioyned
from
the
profit
of
the
seruant
,
by
the
participation
that
this
habitude
or
respect
of
societie
hath
betweene
the
Master
and
the
seruant
,
the
which
,
as
it
is
said
,
endeth
alwaies
in
a
common
profit
.
To
conclude
then
,
and
to
reserue
that
vnto
another
place
,
which
heere
(
as
not
so
proper
)
we
will
but
briefly
touch
.
We
say
,
That
the
end
for
the
which
the
Courtier
voluntarilie
submits
his
necke
vnto
the
yoke
of
seruitude
,
is
his
owne
profit
,
for
the
which
as
his
end
principally
intended
,
he
both
laboureth
and
endureth
much
.
But
his
end
,
as
a
Courtier
,
obliged
in
societie
and
duetie
of
seruitude
,
is
the
seruice
of
his
Lord
,
the
which
he
vseth
as
a
meanes
vnto
the
former
and
more
principall
,
which
is
his
proper
benefit
,
with
the
intercourse
of
fauour
which
followeth
the
actuall
seruice
.
For
the
Courtier
first
of
all
longeth
after
his
owne
profit
;
but
not
able
otherwise
to
compasse
the
same
than
by
the
loue
and
fauour
of
his
Prince
,
he
propoundeth
his
seruice
,
and
diligently
working
therein
,
obteineth
his
fauour
,
which
breedeth
his
owne
profit
and
commoditie
aboue
all
other
things
by
him
desired
.
It
appeareth
then
that
the
ends
or
scopes
that
the
Courtier
hath
are
three
,
that
is
,
his
proper
interest
,
and
this
is
that
which
chiefly
he
endeuoureth
:
next
,
the
fauour
of
the
Prince
,
as
the
cause
of
his
first
end
:
and
then
,
the
seruice
of
the
Prince
,
as
the
efficient
cause
of
that
fauour
.
But
because
these
things
haue
in
themselues
some
difficulties
,
a
larger
declaration
is
necessary
.
CHAP.
II.
A
declaration
of
the
foresaid
ends
.
PRoper
interest
,
Seruice
,
and
the
Princes
fauour
are
,
as
it
is
said
,
the
Courtiers
ends
,
of
the
which
his
proper
interest
is
the
first
,
and
by
it selfe
desired
;
the
others
by
accident
and
as
meanes
.
Now
what
is
meant
by
this
terme
fauour
,
is
so
manifest
,
that
it
needs
no
other
explication
:
but
those
of
proper
interest
,
and
the
Princes
seruice
,
are
not
so
well
vnderstood
,
both
the
one
&
the
other
terme
conteining
many
things
,
vnto
the
which
(
it
may
be
)
the
end
and
dutie
of
a
Courtier
doth
not
extend
.
Let
vs
first
then
consider
the
Seruice
,
and
say
thus
;
There
is
no
doubt
,
but
the
Prince
hath
diuers
and
many
sorts
of
men
which
serue
him
;
as
the
souldiers
in
the
war
,
the
Magistrates
in
time
of
peace
,
and
those
which
in
his
house
perform
his
necessary
businesse
.
If
all
then
(
as
it
is
most
plaine
)
are
bound
to
serue
him
,
all
their
ends
shall
be
the
seruice
of
the
Prince
:
and
so
if
he
be
a
Courtier
whose
end
is
the
Princes
seruice
,
all
those
aboue
named
,
and
particularly
such
which
are
in
actuall
seruice
should
be
Courtiers
:
but
it
seemeth
not
only
a
new
terme
,
but
withall
,
contrarie
to
common
sense
and
the
true
signification
of
the
name
of
a
Courtier
,
to
comprehend
therein
,
the
Souldiers
,
the
Iudges
and
other
Magistrates
;
wherfore
we
can
not
say
they
are
all
Courtiers
which
serue
,
but
only
some
of
them
,
amongst
whom
wee
can
not
denie
those
to
be
held
for
such
which
priuately
serue
him
.
So
as
it
is
fit
to
consider
in
the
Prince
two
persons
,
one
publike
,
which
makes
him
to
be
a
Prince
;
the
other
priuate
,
by
the
which
we
suppose
him
to
be
the
head
of
a
familie
,
as
by
the
other
(
as
a
Prince
)
hee
is
head
of
a
Kingdome
or
Common-wealth
.
Those
then
who
serue
him
as
a
Prince
,
that
is
,
in
the
actions
belonging
to
the
publike
benefit
,
were
neuer
called
by
the
name
of
Courtiers
;
but
those
only
who
serue
him
priuatly
,
and
are
comprehended
in
his
familie
or
Court.
From
this
principle
,
wee
draw
that
which
at
the
first
we
sought
for
,
that
is
,
what
things
this
seruice
conteineth
;
for
that
,
from
it
are
wholly
excluded
all
ciuill
ends
and
publike
actions
;
on
the
other
part
are
receiued
all
those
which
the
domestical
businesse
or
that
of
the
family
requireth
,
in
such
sort
,
that
as
the
Magistrate
,
in
another
place
,
shall
be
by
vs
termed
the
Princes
instrument
as
a
publike
person
,
so
is
the
Courtier
his
instrument
,
as
the
head
and
father
of
a
familie
;
so
that
all
works
belonging
to
the
charge
of
housholdrie
are
embraced
and
conteined
in
his
end
as
a
Courtier
:
and
therefore
when
we
say
his
end
to
be
the
seruice
of
the
Prince
,
it
is
vnderstood
(
as
wee
haue
sayd
)
of
all
that
which
exceeds
not
the
limits
of
houshold
affaires
.
Let
vs
now
come
to
declare
what
is
vnderstood
by
proper
interest
.
It
can
not
be
doubted
that
this
terme
interest
doth
not
conteine
all
kinde
of
humane
good
,
though
to
this
large
scope
of
signification
,
it
seemeth
the
common
vse
thereof
hath
extended
it
,
but
we
ought
with
reason
to
aduert
the
exclusion
of
that
good
which
cannot
be
obtained
from
another
:
because
in
vain
should
the
Courtier
serue
the
Prince
to
that
end
,
to
obteine
from
him
that
thing
,
which
neither
he
nor
any
other
could
impart
vnto
him
:
as
for
example
are
the
vertues
,
which
in
vaine
are
expected
from
any
other
,
than
from
our
owne
well
ordered
and
proper
nature
:
so
that
this
good
excluded
,
it
seemeth
(
and
in
this
likewise
the
vulgar
opinion
doth
agree
)
that
for
two
things
principally
hee
doth
take
vpon
him
and
vndergo
this
seruitude
;
for
profit
and
for
honour
.
Some
serue
for
profit
,
not
esteeming
of
honour
,
as
the
mercenaries
;
others
for
honour
only
,
as
the
noble
,
either
by
birth
or
greatnesse
of
minde
and
spirit
;
others
both
for
the
one
and
the
other
.
Well
,
let
it
be
so
that
euery
man
serueth
for
these
two
either
ioyntly
or
seuerally
.
Profit
particularly
includeth
in
it
riches
,
the
which
are
in
abundance
of
necessaries
for
our
life
;
as
money
,
lands
,
cattell
,
moueables
,
furniture
for
houses
,
and
such
like
.
But
by
honour
,
is
not
vnderstood
at
all
that
which
followeth
the
actions
or
vertuous
qualities
,
since
that
this
good
(
as
alreadie
hath
beene
sayd
)
dependeth
on
our
proper
election
and
facultie
,
and
may
without
others
helpe
be
obteined
;
for
I
thinke
none
of
opinion
,
that
freely
to
vse
prudence
,
fortitude
,
iustice
or
magnanimitie
,
it
is
necessary
to
enter
into
the
Court
of
Princes
;
but
there
rather
to
obteine
degrees
of
power
and
dignitie
,
which
commonly
are
called
honours
;
or
be
it
that
worthily
by
meanes
of
vertuous
actions
they
are
attributed
as
honor
giuen
in
reward
of
vertue
;
or
because
,
as
they
say
,
Honour
is
the
opinion
held
of
anothers
vertue
:
by
meanes
whereof
they
obtaine
in
the
world
an
opinion
of
merit
,
or
because
he
that
possesseth
it
,
is
honoured
.
So
that
the
honours
which
are
the
Courtiers
end
,
are
degrees
,
dignities
,
power
,
wealth
&
the
reputation
,
which
spring
from
them
;
and
not
the
whole
compasse
of
honour
.
For
since
the
actions
of
vertue
may
as
wel
be
vsed
out
of
the
Court
,
as
hath
beene
declared
,
the
honours
answerable
thereunto
may
also
without
being
a
Courtier
be
in
like
maner
obteined
.
CHAP.
III.
Of
the
choice
of
the
Prince
to
be
serued
.
OVt
of
these
thing
may
easilie
be
drawen
a
rule
which
the
Courtier
is
to
obserue
in
the
election
of
the
Prince
to
whom
he
is
to
dedicate
his
seruice
;
the
which
requireth
great
consideration
,
for
the
inconueniences
which
otherwise
may
follow
:
because
if
in
this
an
error
be
committed
,
it
is
cleerely
impossible
euer
to
obteine
the
end
for
which
he
serues
;
wherby
vaine
is
the
labor
he
shall
afterwards
vndertake
in
seruice
,
false
his
hope
of
reward
,
vnprofitable
his
repentance
,
and
the
amendment
very
dangerous
:
for
that
vnto
the
easie
change
of
Masters
followeth
a
conceit
of
lightnesse
,
&
a
difficulty
not
happely
to
be
new
placed
,
by
reason
of
the
impediments
opposed
,
either
by
the
authoritie
and
power
of
the
abandoned
Prince
,
or
by
the
foresaid
opinion
of
instabilitie
,
or
hard
to
be
contented
,
or
of
arrogancie
according
as
the
cause
of
the
change
may
be
variably
reported
or
beleeued
:
the
which
happening
by
reason
of
the
Princes
discharge
or
casting
off
,
can
not
bee
for
the
most
part
without
a
great
staine
or
blot
vnto
the
Courtier
.
Wherefore
it
is
very
necessary
to
be
carefull
that
this
election
should
bee
wisely
made
,
and
it
shal
be
such
,
when
the
Prince
which
is
chosen
may
giue
cause
vnto
the
Courtier
of
that
end
,
which
principally
he
pretendeth
aboue
all
others
.
But
to
make
a
perfect
iudgement
heerein
,
wee
must
consider
the
qualitie
of
the
intended
end
,
and
the
ability
and
proportion
which
the
Prince
beareth
to
the
same
.
The
Courtiers
end
hath
alredie
beene
said
to
be
his
propt
commoditie
,
that
is
,
his
profit
and
honour
.
And
because
there
is
no
limitation
in
desired
ends
,
which
are
(
as
they
say
)
infinite
,
whereupon
the
Merchant
coueteth
an
infinite
gaine
,
and
the
Captaine
a
most
singular
victorie
,
so
no
lesse
doth
the
Courtier
desire
a
profit
without
end
and
honour
in
the
highest
degree
that
may
be
obteined
.
The
Princes
abilitie
consisteth
in
power
and
will
,
they
had
wont
to
ioyne
thereunto
knowledge
;
but
in
this
affaire
it
hath
so
little
part
,
that
without
error
it
may
be
let
passe
.
Wee
must
then
examine
his
ability
and
his
willingnes
,
diligently
beholding
what
proportion
they
holde
with
the
forsaid
ends
,
and
if
we
know
them
to
haue
proportion
vpon
an
effectiue
cause
,
most
assuredly
it
shall
bee
good
to
make
choice
of
such
a
Prince
:
and
to
speake
more
plainly
,
I
say
,
that
if
propounding
any
profit
,
there
shall
be
any
Prince
that
both
can
and
will
impart
the
same
vnto
the
Courtier
,
he
is
the
most
worthie
whom
hee
should
serue
.
In
like
sort
may
wee
reason
of
the
other
end
,
which
is
honor
,
aduertizing
,
that
the
Courtier
either
by
himselfe
,
or
by
meanes
of
some
other
who
haue
greater
and
more
inward
knowledge
than
he
,
may
learne
if
these
two
principals
,
that
is
,
Power
and
Will
to
benefit
,
be
truly
in
the
Prince
,
whose
power
may
easilie
bee
vnderstood
,
as
a
thing
for
the
mos●
part
commonly
knowen
,
an●
must
be
considered
not
onel●
immediatly
,
as
proper
in
himselfe
,
but
mediatly
and
by
othe●
helps
;
for
that
,
if
by
himself●
he
can
not
performe
much
,
b●…
by
his
authority
be
able
,
so
that
by
meanes
of
him
it
shal
be
lawfull
for
the
Courtier
to
hope
for
his
desired
end
,
we
may
iust●…
say
that
he
is
able
:
but
if
neithe●
by
himselfe
nor
by
meanes
o●
another
he
be
able
,
in
vaine●…
the
seruice
that
shall
be
vndertaken
with
him
.
The
Will
is
yet
harder
to
be
knowen
,
the
which
by
nature
〈◊〉
ouershadowed
with
many
vales
howbeit
,
it
is
discoured
an●
vnmaskt
by
due
obseruation
o●
the
effects
:
for
if
the
Prince
be
accustomed
to
bee
beneficiall
and
seemeth
inclined
thereunto
,
we
may
suppose
an
habit
of
beneficence
,
which
wanting
,
he
is
assuredly
incaple
of
honourable
seruice
.
But
in
this
particular
we
must
consider
a
diuision
,
because
some
Princes
are
not
of
a
beneficent
and
liberall
nature
towards
their
seruants
;
others
are
,
but
much
more
with
their
seruants
,
to
whom
by
merit
of
their
seruice
they
thinke
themselues
in
some
sort
bound
.
The
illiberall
niggardly
and
absolute
not
beneficiall
,
are
vnworthie
of
life
,
since
they
liue
vnprofitably
in
this
humane
societie
,
wherein
nothing
is
required
more
necessarilie
,
than
beneficence
and
liberalitie
;
such
Princes
towards
their
seruants
are
not
woorthily
enabled
for
the
seruice
of
the
Courtier
instructed
in
this
arte
;
wherefore
for
the
most
part
they
are
serued
with
mercenarie
people
without
spirit
or
feeling
of
honour
,
and
to
conclude
,
worthy
of
them
.
Amongst
those
who
are
beneficiall
towards
their
seruants
,
there
are
some
,
who
sparingly
and
with
hardnesse
grant
their
benefits
and
fauours
,
not
because
they
doe
not
loue
the
good
of
their
seruants
,
but
doubting
lest
hauing
profited
them
,
they
should
abuse
their
fauors
,
or
suspecting
lest
shewing
themselues
too
gentle
,
they
should
grow
too
confident
and
secure
.
With
these
kinde
of
Princes
a
man
may
with
commendations
contract
seruice
,
but
how
he
is
to
proceed
to
obteine
these
fauours
shall
be
fully
declared
in
his
place
.
Some
others
there
are
,
who
by
benignitie
of
nature
most
easily
encline
to
benefit
and
to
doe
fauors
,
who
notwithstanding
very
consideratly
and
with
a
iust
proportion
dispence
and
diuide
the
same
;
and
these
are
those
who
aboue
all
the
rest
deserue
the
seruice
of
the
most
honourable
and
accomplished
Courtiers
:
wherfore
vpon
these
doth
fall
the
wise
election
,
as
of
Princes
or
Lords
,
from
whose
magnanimitie
,
by
meanes
of
seruice
,
there
is
in
all
reason
hope
to
obteine
their
desired
profit
and
reputation
.
CHAP.
IIII.
That
the
Courtier
must
conceale
the
endeuor
of
his
proper
commoditie
vnder
the
apparent
desire
of
the
Princes
seruice
.
BVt
to
returne
to
the
Courtiers
end
,
and
to
speake
of
some
things
woorthie
speciall
confideration
,
you
are
to
vnderstand
,
that
the
end
,
by
it
owne
nature
,
hath
a
desire
in
it selfe
to
moue
and
induce
an
operation
or
working
;
wherfore
labouring
in
fauour
thereof
,
those
are
iudged
prouident
and
wise
,
who
are
seene
to
take
a
good
way
proportionate
and
apt
for
the
obtaining
and
compassing
of
the
same
.
But
in
the
particular
of
a
Courtier
this
rule
faileth
,
since
it
is
not
sufficient
that
the
actions
be
wise
and
discreet
,
which
manifestly
appeare
to
tend
to
his
end
,
that
is
,
his
proper
interest
;
but
those
also
which
seeme
to
belong
to
the
profit
and
seruice
of
the
Prince
:
and
the
reason
is
,
because
the
Courtier
is
not
to
expect
benefit
,
without
the
loue
and
fauor
of
the
Prince
,
which
shall
neuer
be
obteined
if
he
discouer
his
interessed
seruice
,
since
such
kinde
of
Courtiers
are
esteemed
as
mercenaries
,
and
more
selfe-friends
than
their
Masters
;
who
supposing
that
the
Societie
which
they
holde
with
their
seruant
should
tend
to
their
profit
,
take
it
for
an
iniurie
vnto
them
,
whilest
peruerting
the
order
,
another
end
is
preferred
,
which
by
accident
(
in
their
opinion
)
should
bee
desired
.
This
part
was
excellently
wel
vnderstood
of
a
great
Courtier
of
whom
manie
and
verie
considerable
obseruations
are
read
in
Cornelius
Tacitus
,
The
scope
of
the
Courtier
is
his
proper
interest
,
that
of
the
Prince
,
is
his
profit
.
Amongst
the
actions
which
the
Courtier
can
performe
,
some
respect
only
his
proper
interest
,
some
the
seruice
and
commoditie
of
the
Prince
,
and
some
are
common
to
both
.
Of
those
respecting
the
proper
interest
,
some
are
contrary
to
the
Princes
seruice
,
some
not
:
likewise
,
of
those
respecting
the
Princes
profit
,
some
are
repugnant
and
contrarie
to
the
Courtiers
good
,
others
not
.
Now
,
seeking
in
what
maner
by
meanes
of
our
labour
,
wee
may
conceale
the
desire
of
our
proper
interest
,
with
an
apparent
will
of
the
Princes
seruice
;
we
say
,
first
it
is
necessary
that
we
who
wholly
abstaine
from
those
actions
which
behold
our
proper
commoditie
to
the
preiudice
of
the
Prince
.
It
is
also
necessarie
(
although
it
should
not
be
so
great
an
error
to
do
the
contrarie
)
to
beware
to
doe
any
thing
which
immediatly
respecteth
our
proper
good
.
And
of
all
this
the
reason
is
cleere
enough
by
what
hath
beene
sayd
before
.
Those
actions
now
which
are
common
to
the
end
,
both
of
the
one
&
the
other
,
are
not
greatly
hurtfull
nor
profitable
to
the
Courtiers
intention
:
but
those
actions
are
profitable
which
regard
the
Princes
commoditie
,
and
especially
those
which
seem
to
conteine
any
danger
or
damage
to
the
seruant
.
Amongst
those
of
greatest
importance
to
maske
the
appetite
of
our
proper
commoditie
,
are
those
which
are
wrought
in
benefit
of
the
Prince
with
great
danger
and
detriment
of
things
most
deere
.
But
we
must
note
heere
,
that
the
end
of
the
Courtier
being
double
,
that
is
,
of
profit
and
reputation
;
in
that
of
honor
or
reputation
we
must
haue
speciall
consideration
and
regard
,
because
it
shal
be
an
action
most
commendable
in
a
Courtier
(
as
a
Courtier
)
to
despise
or
refuse
some
honour
or
dignitie
to
continue
in
the
seruice
of
his
Prince
;
and
in
this
sort
to
suffer
a
damage
,
is
a
thing
to
be
desired
;
but
withall
it
should
not
be
commendable
,
if
for
any
respect
of
his
Lord
he
should
suffer
any
blot
or
staine
in
his
reputation
:
for
that
is
a
thing
which
amongst
men
ought
to
be
preferred
(
as
commonly
it
is
)
yea
before
life
it selfe
.
But
in
that
which
belongeth
to
the
profit
and
good
seruice
of
the
Prince
,
he
may
securely
make
any
losse
,
the
which
by
how
much
either
in
aduenture
or
in
effect
it
shall
be
greater
,
by
so
much
the
more
doth
it
answer
to
courtly
wisdome
.
And
because
vnder
the
name
of
profit
I
meane
the
goods
which
may
be
giuen
or
taken
,
and
in
deed
all
are
termed
actions
of
this
kinde
(
vertue
and
honour
excepted
)
as
when
for
the
honor
of
his
Prince
he
spendeth
liberally
;
when
hee
aduentureth
friends
and
kindred
;
when
hee
leaueth
his
owne
pleasures
,
and
many
times
his
necessary
commodities
of
liuing
or
of
healthfull
liuing
,
as
meat
,
rest
,
sleepe
and
such
like
,
so
farre
as
nature
will
suffer
,
to
preferre
the
seruice
and
execute
his
Princes
commandement
,
and
aboue
all
,
when
he
exposeth
his
life
to
danger
for
the
honour
,
safetie
,
and
pleasure
of
his
Prince
.
Cornelius
Tacitus
an
excellent
Master
of
Courtiers
,
with
an
example
of
Seianus
,
most
plainly
teacheth
all
that
hitherto
hath
beene
spoken
to
this
purpose
:
because
whilest
Tiberius
was
yet
in
doubt
how
farre
hee
might
haue
confidence
in
Seianus
,
against
whom
manie
things
were
muttered
:
vt
non
sui
anxius
,
as
not
respecting
or
carelesse
of
himselfe
:
because
they
confirme
the
principle
of
hiding
the
appetite
of
our
proper
interest
,
vnder
the
vale
of
apparent
desire
to
do
the
Prince
seruice
.
Such
then
is
the
drift
or
end
of
the
Courtier
,
and
as
hath
beene
declared
must
be
couertly
or
ouertly
desired
,
if
he
will
induce
the
Prince
to
accept
of
his
seruice
,
and
make
a
passage
for
the
obteining
of
fauour
,
by
meanes
whereof
he
winneth
the
possession
both
of
profit
and
honor
;
marks
which
in
his
principall
intention
hee
chieflie
aimeth
at
.
CHAP.
V.
Of
the
Courtiers
office
or
duty
.
ALl
those
desseignes
which
men
purpose
,
are
to
be
compassed
by
action
or
endeuour
,
the
end
being
first
duly
considered
,
that
course
or
action
which
is
taken
for
the
obteining
thereof
,
is
the
office
of
the
agent
:
wherefore
the
Courtier
being
bound
(
as
a
Courtier
)
to
haue
immediatly
in
his
intention
,
and
withall
to
procure
,
the
Princes
seruice
;
it
is
manifest
that
the
action
which
he
purposeth
to
do
,
is
,
to
serue
;
not
in
shew
and
in
will
,
but
effectually
and
in
act
:
and
this
is
so
true
,
that
according
to
the
quantitie
and
qualitie
of
such
operation
,
the
fauour
in
proportion
is
answerable
,
which
is
the
mediate
reward
of
seruice
;
and
the
Prince
which
equallie
diuideth
the
same
,
ought
to
measure
it
by
the
rule
of
merit
,
the
which
(
as
it
is
said
)
groweth
from
actuall
seruice
,
in
such
wise
,
that
who
most
serueth
,
meriteth
most
fauour
,
and
who
lesse
,
lesse
reward
.
This
is
Courtly
right
,
or
law
:
as
the
right
or
law
politike
and
ciuill
is
founded
vpon
merit
in
the
Common-wealth
,
that
is
,
of
benefits
done
vnto
his
countrey
,
which
desert
is
recompensed
according
to
distributiue
iustice
,
whose
rule
is
(
as
in
the
morals
it
is
taught
)
Geometricall
proportion
:
but
to
speake
more
fitly
to
the
common
capacitie
,
we
say
,
that
the
axiom
or
ground
being
true
,
That
most
is
due
to
him
that
serueth
most
,
and
lesse
to
the
lesse
seruing
,
and
nothing
at
all
to
him
who
actually
is
not
in
seruice
;
it
followeth
,
that
they
are
greatly
deceiued
,
who
thinke
with
nobilitie
only
,
with
abundance
of
wealth
,
singularitie
in
learning
,
armes
,
or
such
like
,
to
merit
more
than
those
vnto
whom
in
respect
of
seruice
,
they
are
farre
inferiors
;
because
the
reward
of
the
Court
(
as
hath
beene
sayd
)
must
be
proportioned
as
from
the
efficient
cause
from
whence
it
groweth
,
vnto
the
actuall
seruice
.
For
as
if
you
were
to
make
choice
of
a
Captaine
to
vndertake
some
dangerous
enterprise
,
their
pretention
should
be
very
vaine
,
that
would
perswade
themselues
,
either
for
their
beauty
of
body
,
learning
,
wealth
or
nobilitie
,
to
be
preferred
in
choice
,
before
the
more
experienced
and
practised
in
matters
of
warre
,
though
lesse
learned
,
and
inferior
vnto
them
in
other
qualities
:
the
like
opinion
is
held
of
those
who
in
Court
pretend
greater
desert
,
for
such
like
respects
,
whilest
others
in
diligence
of
seruice
go
farre
beyond
them
,
because
Courtly
desert
is
not
brought
into
the
Court
,
but
is
necessarilie
to
bee
sought
for
there
,
and
is
by
labour
obteined
:
which
labour
properly
of
the
Courtier
is
to
serue
.
I
say
not
now
,
that
a
learned
Courtier
is
not
of
qualitie
greater
and
more
estimable
than
an
ignorant
,
and
a
noble
man
than
a
plebean
,
although
in
seruice
;
but
I
say
,
these
are
qualities
,
which
not
put
in
practise
or
exercised
in
the
Princes
seruice
,
reape
no
reward
with
him
,
they
cause
indeed
a
precedencie
of
one
man
before
another
,
as
members
of
a
ciuill
societie
,
but
not
as
Courtiers
.
So
likewise
,
if
(
for
example
)
we
consider
of
one
nobly
borne
in
comparison
of
a
vulgar
person
,
it
is
most
cleere
he
is
of
greater
estimation
,
as
a
man
and
part
of
the
Citie
;
but
if
wee
peize
and
compare
them
as
souldiers
,
wherin
,
it
may
be
,
the
ignoble
is
more
practised
and
better
disposed
(
supposing
at
least
it
bee
so
)
without
all
doubt
hee
shall
be
preferred
,
and
the
noble
man
pretending
the
contrary
should
take
a
vaine
and
vndue
exception
.
But
heere
we
must
not
let
passe
a
difficulty
,
occasioned
by
common
obseruance
,
and
iustly
commended
of
all
:
that
is
,
let
vs
suppose
two
in
the
Princes
houshold
,
whereof
one
far
excelles
in
nobility
,
learning
and
other
like
qualities
,
but
little
imploied
in
seruice
;
the
other
much
inferiour
vnto
this
:
It
is
thought
fit
by
all
,
that
the
more
noble
&
qualified
should
more
honourably
bee
entertained
:
wherfore
we
see
him
sometimes
honored
by
the
Prince
at
his
table
,
receiueth
greater
commodities
,
of
lodgings
,
of
seruants
,
precedency
in
place
,
in
title
,
in
standing
couered
and
in
complement
;
in
fine
,
the
Princes
respect
of
him
in
estimation
is
very
conueniently
more
then
of
the
other
,
whereupon
wee
may
doubt
,
how
this
may
be
an
effect
of
Courtlie
iustice
,
or
how
the
foundation
of
desert
should
be
seruice
.
Whereunto
we
answer
thus
;
he
who
is
comprehended
in
the
Princes
housholde
may
two
waies
be
considered
,
either
as
such
a
man
with
such
conditions
and
qualities
,
or
as
a
Courtier
only
.
If
only
as
a
Courtier
,
I
say
it
shal
be
iniustice
to
him
who
serueth
more
to
be
lesse
rewarded
,
or
but
in
equall
liberality
with
him
,
who
in
actuall
seruice
was
his
inferiour
.
If
as
such
a
man
and
so
qualified
,
it
is
very
reasonable
,
that
who
excelleth
in
good
parts
esteemed
of
in
common
●ociety
,
should
be
had
in
greater
accompt
and
reputation
.
But
there
resteth
a
doubt
if
we
shal
preferre
one
consideration
before
an
other
,
and
that
when
,
and
in
what
things
:
for
that
we
see
many
times
the
consideration
of
one
as
qualified
to
bee
preferred
before
the
other
,
as
a
Courtier
,
&
therefore
although
he
serue
lesse
,
is
not
withstanding
in
better
place
.
We
see
also
on
the
other
side
,
that
the
best
qualified
in
some
things
stand
farre
inferiour
,
to
the
better
and
diligent
seruing
Courtier
.
For
,
speaking
of
fauours
(
for
the
most
part
)
the
best
beloued
obtaine
them
,
and
those
are
,
the
diligent
carefull
in
seruice
,
they
haue
greater
authoritie
with
the
Ministers
of
the
Court
,
and
of
the
housholde
affaires
of
the
Prince
,
yea
and
of
the
publike
also
,
respecting
the
power
of
a
Courtier-fauorite
,
&
the
recompence
with
profit
and
dignity
,
presupposing
their
abilities
,
which
ordinarily
&
without
compare
is
more
large
towardes
them
.
And
surely
the
name
of
Minion
,
or
Priuado
,
which
we
see
commonly
attributed
to
those
greatly
fauoured
in
the
Court
,
is
not
obtained
by
the
best
learned
,
by
the
greatest
captains
,
the
most
noble
,
or
the
happiest
in
fortunes
blessings
;
but
by
those
who
in
their
Princes
seruice
are
most
readie
.
So
we
see
Seianus
preferred
in
fauour
with
Tiberius
,
and
with
greater
liberality
rewarded
then
any
other
that
serued
at
that
time
;
albeit
we
may
safely
beleeue
,
there
were
many
,
in
many
other
things
that
did
surpasse
him
.
And
also
those
Pallanti-Narcisi
,
and
Calisti
with
Claudius
and
Tigillinus
about
Nero
,
were
not
so
farre
in
authority
and
fauour
aboue
others
,
as
vnto
an
infinite
number
of
those
times
,
they
were
without
all
comparison
most
inferior
in
all
other
good
qualities
.
Wherefore
we
say
that
the
benefits
which
the
Prince
doth
,
are
of
two
sorts
,
one
which
he
bestoweth
amongst
his
seruants
answerable
to
their
qualities
,
as
men
in
that
kind
enabled
;
these
benefits
are
apparent
and
doe
not
grow
vpon
any
Courtly
desert
of
those
on
whom
they
are
bestowed
,
but
vpon
the
loue
and
fauour
of
the
giuer
;
which
is
plaine
,
because
they
are
bestowed
in
the
beginning
of
seruice
,
when
we
cannot
say
there
was
any
desert
before
,
&
might
aswell
haue
beene
granted
before
any
seruice
,
and
it
may
be
greater
.
The
other
kind
of
benefit
,
is
that
which
is
giuen
to
those
,
who
with
great
diligence
haue
serued
;
and
these
are
not
granted
but
after
seruice
begun
,
and
are
augmented
as
the
fauor
by
seruice
doth
encrease
,
which
makes
vs
attaine
sometimes
to
that
pitch
of
grace
that
Seianus
did
,
CHAP.
VI.
If
in
all
things
the
Courtier
be
bound
to
serue
his
Prince
.
BVt
to
the
intent
it
may
the
better
be
vnderstood
what
hitherto
hath
beene
spoken
of
the
office
and
duty
of
a
Courtier
,
&
that
euery
man
may
know
within
what
bounds
the
duty
of
him
that
serueth
is
confined
,
and
what
things
his
office
a●●
bond
embraceth
,
whereupon
also
the
resolution
of
many
things
dependeth
;
it
is
very
necessary
to
be
vnderstood
of
the
Courtier
to
whom
it
belongeth
actually
to
serue
his
Prince
,
(
as
already
is
concluded
)
be
therefore
bound
to
serue
in
all
things
without
exception
.
For
cleering
of
this
doubt
,
sifted
and
discussed
by
many
,
me
thinks
,
very
many
effectuall
things
may
be
said
,
neither
spoken
of
nor
heard
of
heeretofore
,
wherin
we
will
proceed
briefly
and
so
farre
as
the
vnproperty
of
the
place
will
permit
,
in
this
manner
.
If
it
were
possible
without
externall
helpe
to
obtaine
humane
felicity
,
so
that
euery
man
by
himselfe
,
were
of
sufficiency
to
compasse
it
,
Societies
●ould
bee
superfluous
:
but
〈◊〉
this
is
impossible
,
it
hath
beene
thought
necessary
,
not
only
to
institute
them
,
but
with
all
to
make
them
the
more
effectuall
,
fruitfull
and
firme
,
to
giue
them
ability
and
vertue
,
to
binde
all
those
that
are
comprehended
in
them
,
to
performe
and
act
some
thing
woorthy
thereof
,
in
such
sort
,
that
euery
associate
,
(
as
such
an
one
)
is
bound
to
endeuour
himselfe
to
that
end
whereunto
the
society
tendeth
:
and
that
this
is
true
,
there
is
no
Society
found
without
Bond
,
nor
Bond
without
Society
,
either
reall
or
rationall
,
that
is
,
with
tearmes
and
fellowes
really
and
apparent
,
or
at
least
distinct
in
works
of
the
minde
and
vnderstanding
,
as
more
plainly
we
will
set
downe
in
the
actiue
Philosophie
,
which
is
the
proper
place
.
Wherefore
the
bond
or
duty
,
is
not
other
thing
then
the
habitude
respect
or
custome
which
the
associats
haue
together
,
which
is
an
impulsiue
beginning
to
labour
for
their
common
good
,
as
their
only
end
.
The
labour
or
working
which
doth
grow
heereupon
is
called
the
office
or
duty
of
the
associats
,
the
which
duty
in
fine
,
is
no
other
thing
then
an
action
springing
from
that
bond
,
although
this
word
,
bond
,
is
attributed
also
vnto
the
action
,
so
that
in
saying
he
doth
his
duty
,
bond
or
office
,
it
hath
all
one
signification
.
Now
it
is
cleere
that
this
duty
hath
a
proportion
with
the
End
,
because
that
is
the
cause
of
the
working
,
and
therefore
from
it
,
it
receiueth
the
rule
,
order
and
moderation
,
which
ought
to
bee
such
as
the
end
proposed
requireth
.
Wherefore
he
doth
his
duty
who
worketh
proportionably
to
the
end
set
downe
,
and
hee
who
doth
actions
preiudiciall
to
such
end
,
doth
the
contrary
.
But
he
doth
more
then
his
duty
who
doth
things
comprehending
the
end
and
more
:
and
he
lesse
,
who
doth
things
that
in
their
owne
nature
,
are
not
answerable
to
the
destinated
End
,
or
leaueth
many
things
vndon
,
which
to
the
obtaining
of
the
purposed
end
are
very
necessary
.
Whereupon
,
both
duty
and
bond
,
as
hath
beene
said
,
being
all
one
,
euery
associate
is
bound
to
labour
and
indeuor
for
the
end
intended
by
the
society
wherein
he
is
,
and
who
doth
lesse
,
answereth
not
his
duty
,
and
who
doth
more
,
is
said
to
exceede
in
duty
and
is
commendable
,
so
it
doth
not
preiudice
the
society
in
any
sort
:
who
doth
any
action
not
belonging
to
the
End
,
worketh
idly
and
in
vaine
,
but
who
doth
things
hurtfull
to
the
pretended
end
doth
things
contrary
to
his
duty
and
bond
.
Wherefore
we
conclude
,
that
by
the
purposed
end
of
euery
Society
,
is
drawen
and
knowen
what
actions
euery
of
the
associats
are
bound
to
performe
,
and
from
which
to
abstaine
,
adding
thus
much
for
a
greater
declaration
,
of
the
actions
which
may
be
performed
in
a
society
,
some
are
commanded
and
fall
vnder
the
bond
which
in
that
fellowship
bindeth
the
associats
therof
,
and
these
are
the
necessary
actions
for
the
obtaining
the
desired
end
,
others
are
forbidden
and
doe
discredit
the
actours
thereof
,
and
those
are
preiudiciall
or
contrary
to
that
end
:
In
both
,
the
bond
of
duty
hath
power
,
but
in
those
which
are
necessary
it
bindeth
to
the
performance
,
&
in
those
which
are
contrary
to
the
abstinence
.
Let
vs
come
now
to
our
particular
purpose
:
it
hath
beene
already
sayd
,
there
is
a
kinde
of
societie
betweene
the
Prince
and
the
Courtier
;
the
which
for
the
inequalitie
of
termes
,
hath
not
altogether
the
common
benefit
for
end
:
yet
if
not
that
alone
,
at
least
principally
that
of
the
Master
,
wherefore
the
Courtier
is
bound
to
doe
all
that
which
doth
comprehend
the
benefit
,
profit
or
seruice
of
his
Lord
.
And
because
aboue
wee
haue
sufficientlie
declared
that
the
seruice
which
is
the
end
of
this
society
is
restrained
to
the
houshold
or
oeconomicall
part
,
in
sort
,
that
all
the
housholde
actions
which
may
redound
to
the
benefit
of
the
Prince
,
fall
vnder
the
bond
of
the
Courtier
,
that
is
,
binde
him
to
effect
the
same
for
the
seruice
of
his
Lord
:
and
on
the
contrary
,
all
that
may
preiudice
this
oeconomicall
seruice
,
is
forbidden
the
Courtier
,
and
doing
it
,
doth
a
thing
vnworthie
his
name
;
and
by
that
reason
may
be
called
an
infamous
seruant
,
since
that
as
doing
well
,
to
the
desired
end
of
the
societie
,
he
obteineth
honor
thereby
:
so
who
worketh
to
the
contrary
is
defamed
;
yet
not
simply
or
wholly
,
but
answerable
to
the
societie
and
his
bond
of
duty
.
As
for
example
,
hee
should
be
a
very
infamous
souldier
,
who
at
the
giuing
battel
should
throw
away
his
armes
and
flie
,
but
not
wholly
disgraced
,
because
hee
might
then
iustly
be
so
called
,
as
if
he
had
betrayed
his
Prince
and
countrey
,
or
such
like
:
for
the
reason
which
shal
be
shewed
elswhere
:
so
likewise
he
is
a
dishonorable
Courtier
who
acteth
any
thing
contrary
to
the
oeconomicall
seruice
of
his
Prince
,
but
not
altogether
a
disgraced
man
or
infamous
citizen
.
CHAP.
VII
.
If
the
Courtier
vpon
occasion
be
bound
to
spend
his
life
and
goods
in
the
Princes
seruice
.
THe
Courtier
then
is
bound
,
as
appeareth
by
what
hath
beene
sayd
before
,
to
serue
his
Prince
in
all
oeconomicall
actions
,
&
not
bound
but
exempt
from
all
other
not
conteined
therein
,
as
particularlie
hath
beene
declared
touching
the
publike
affaires
.
Not
,
because
doing
any
thing
therein
,
he
shal
not
deserue
commendations
;
but
,
because
not
intermedling
or
not
willing
to
deale
therein
,
he
can
not
iustly
be
censured
.
The
like
both
may
and
ought
to
be
vnderstood
of
the
particular
offices
of
the
Court
,
for
that
as
the
Courtier
in
generall
comprehendeth
all
the
household
seruice
,
and
is
not
otherwise
bound
to
any
thing
,
as
not
conteined
therein
;
so
a
particular
officer
or
minister
of
the
Court
is
bound
onely
to
those
actions
,
which
particularly
belong
to
his
charge
,
and
for
the
which
he
hath
contracted
seruice
with
the
Prince
:
in
the
other
there
is
no
bond
to
constraine
him
.
But
because
it
hath
beene
said
,
that
generally
the
Courtier
ought
to
do
all
things
belonging
vnto
oeconomicall
seruice
,
there
riseth
a
doubt
,
if
therefore
he
be
bound
to
neglect
all
other
respects
,
and
not
to
care
for
any
losse
particularly
either
of
life
or
goods
,
fully
to
effect
the
same
.
For
solution
then
of
this
difficultie
,
it
is
necessary
againe
to
speake
of
some
things
very
important
,
concerning
societie
,
but
moderatlie
,
because
in
our
actuall
Philosophy
wee
must
speake
thereof
with
greater
plainnesse
and
more
distinctly
.
Wee
say
then
in
the
meane
time
,
that
particular
societies
do
aime
at
some
particular
good
wherewith
more
easily
they
obteine
that
onely
happinesse
whereunto
euery
humane
desire
and
thought
is
bent
,
as
to
the
last
and
most
noble
end
,
vnto
the
which
the
others
doe
serue
as
meanes
and
helps
,
with
such
order
that
those
neerest
vnto
it
are
the
more
noble
and
more
desired
,
so
that
the
inferiour
is
commanded
and
ruled
by
the
superior
,
or
at
least
without
the
hurt
or
offence
of
it
,
nature
not
permitting
,
that
a
thing
lesse
desired
,
should
be
procured
with
the
offence
or
hurt
of
an
other
more
deere
and
noble
,
for
so
should
the
course
and
order
of
causes
be
ouerthrowen
,
&
with
that
confusion
depriue
the
second
causes
of
that
vertue
and
efficacy
which
they
receiue
from
the
first
,
and
by
consequence
make
a
surceasing
of
the
motions
which
succeed
:
the
which
is
true
,
not
alone
in
the
causes
of
naturall
motion
,
amongst
the
which
the
superior
taken
away
,
the
inferiour
can
worke
or
moue
nothing
at
all
.
As
doubtlesse
the
elements
should
be
idle
,
if
the
heauen
the
superior
cause
were
not
,
neither
would
the
heauen
moue
,
if
the
internall
parts
assisted
not
,
nor
should
that
haue
force
of
motion
,
if
from
the
superiour
,
and
finally
from
the
first
mouer
,
by
tradition
from
one
vnto
the
other
,
there
were
not
vertue
imparted
.
But
so
likewise
it
falleth
out
in
designes
and
purposed
Ends
;
amongst
the
which
that
is
the
first
&
chiefest
,
which
by
influence
(
as
it
were
)
doth
impart
the
vertue
of
mouing
the
desire
to
all
the
rest
,
and
doth
make
it
happy
,
as
hath
beene
said
,
and
by
degrees
doth
much
more
qualifie
the
next
adiacent
Ends
,
in
such
sort
,
that
it
is
impossible
for
an
inferiour
to
moue
any
affection
without
the
vertue
of
the
superiours
purpose
:
but
much
more
to
be
able
to
mooue
the
desire
towards
himselfe
,
with
a
preiudice
of
that
good
,
which
doth
exceede
it
.
By
example
it
will
be
made
more
plain
.
There
is
no
doubt
,
but
the
sickeman
for
his
health
sake
longeth
for
a
medicine
:
and
therefore
I
say
,
that
it
is
impossible
he
should
wish
for
it
,
or
in
any
sort
consent
to
the
taking
thereof
imagining
it
hurtfull
to
his
health
,
and
the
reason
is
,
because
the
lesser
or
inferiour
purpose
or
end
,
doth
not
moue
but
by
vertue
of
the
greater
and
more
eminent
,
and
therefore
when
no
vertue
doth
flow
from
this
,
that
other
by
no
meanes
can
be
desired
,
neither
then
doth
it
impart
any
vertue
at
all
,
when
the
inferiour
purpose
or
end
doth
preiudice
or
hurt
the
superior
,
as
hath
beene
said
of
the
potion
hurtfull
to
the
health
.
Now
let
vs
come
to
our
own
case
,
and
giue
solution
of
the
propounded
difficultie
,
which
most
easily
will
be
done
:
I
say
that
the
Courtier
can
not
desire
in
the
seruice
of
his
Prince
,
any
thing
that
shall
be
hurtfull
or
contrarie
to
his
owne
profit
and
commoditie
;
the
reason
is
,
because
he
desireth
not
the
Princes
seruice
,
as
thereby
mooued
vnto
it
.
But
by
reason
of
his
owne
profit
which
giuing
vertue
and
efficacie
to
that
seruice
,
to
mooue
the
Courtiers
desire
and
appetite
,
doth
not
suffer
for
the
reasons
before
noted
,
that
he
desire
it
to
his
preiudice
.
Wherefore
all
that
is
contrarie
to
the
Courtiers
profit
,
meaning
that
profit
,
which
(
as
a
Courtier
)
is
the
end
hee
aimeth
at
;
hath
without
question
no
place
in
his
desires
,
whilest
he
desireth
to
serue
the
Prince
:
all
which
is
occasioned
by
the
dependancie
of
Ends
,
amongst
which
,
his
owne
profit
is
chiefest
and
superior
;
the
Princes
seruice
,
the
lesser
and
inferior
,
whereupon
of
necessitie
that
must
be
granted
,
because
howbeit
this
Societie
be
not
fully
a
societie
,
for
the
disparity
of
termes
,
so
also
is
there
not
assigned
for
the
scope
thereof
a
benefit
and
commoditie
equally
common
.
Yet
notwithstanding
since
in
the
contracting
thereof
,
the
election
of
the
Prince
interposeth
it selfe
aswell
as
that
of
the
Courtier
,
it
should
in
some
sort
make
common
the
benefit
thereof
.
For
if
you
bound
it
within
this
terme
,
that
the
scope
thereof
be
the
Princes
seruice
,
but
yet
so
,
as
ioined
in
a
sort
to
the
Courtiers
benefit
,
because
it
is
absolutely
impossible
to
worke
for
an
other
,
not
hauing
an
intention
for
some
proper
benefit
.
And
this
being
knowne
(
as
is
said
)
by
the
Prince
,
he
contracteth
the
societie
with
a
band
on
his
part
also
,
that
is
,
to
benefit
the
seruant
(
as
heereafter
shall
be
declared
)
and
is
contented
the
Courtier
serue
him
,
intending
his
owne
profit
:
wherefore
the
Prince
desiring
,
that
either
without
this
,
or
contrary
to
this
interest
,
the
Courtier
should
serue
,
requireth
a
thing
contrarie
to
all
right
:
neither
is
the
Courtier
in
any
sort
bound
to
serue
him
.
And
more
particularly
to
come
to
the
propounded
difficultie
,
I
say
,
that
neither
the
Prince
can
looke
for
it
,
nor
the
Courtier
is
bound
to
spend
his
life
for
his
Lord
,
the
reason
why
,
is
,
because
the
life
is
farre
more
deere
,
then
all
that
he
can
either
hope
for
,
or
desire
in
seruice
.
Whereupon
as
he
should
be
held
for
one
vnaduised
,
who
for
a
lesser
good
,
should
chuse
the
losse
of
a
greater
benefit
,
so
should
that
Courtier
haue
little
discretion
,
who
for
the
obtaining
of
the
purpose
of
his
seruice
,
which
consisteth
in
profit
,
dignity
and
power
,
would
aduenture
the
hazard
&
losse
of
his
life
,
which
by
many
degrees
is
more
deere
vnto
him
,
then
al
these
benefits
;
yea
such
as
without
the
which
the
rest
cannot
be
obteined
:
and
if
weresolue
thus
touching
the
life
,
much
more
ought
we
vnderstand
the
same
in
case
of
honor
and
reputation
,
according
to
the
Ciuill
opinion
,
which
is
far
more
precious
then
the
life
in
the
highest
degree
.
Concerning
Goods
,
the
resolution
is
not
so
easie
,
since
those
who
propound
vnto
themselues
,
the
increase
or
winning
of
profit
,
it
is
necessarie
they
consider
what
they
lose
and
what
they
hope
to
get
,
because
it
may
bee
aunswered
in
this
sort
:
That
it
is
fit
to
spend
lesse
of
a
mans
abilitie
in
his
Masters
seruice
,
then
that
which
he
is
in
hope
to
get
by
the
same
:
neither
is
it
ment
the
Mercenary
Courtier
is
bound
to
impouerish
himselfe
,
and
suffer
detriment
in
his
wealth
,
fully
and
competently
to
serue
his
Lord
.
But
who
so
preferreth
dignities
,
honor
and
power
,
respects
of
much
greater
estimation
then
riches
,
may
securely
for
the
obteining
of
them
spend
of
his
owne
,
as
voluntarily
,
not
of
dutie
,
if
the
contract
either
expresly
or
couertly
binde
him
not
thereunto
.
The
which
point
of
contracts
is
very
considerable
,
amongst
the
which
are
the
vse
and
custome
of
the
Courts
,
the
which
more
or
lesse
tie
the
Courtiers
to
like
expences
.
As
if
the
Prince
in
any
Court
vse
to
keepe
table
for
his
seruants
,
the
Courtier
knowing
the
same
,
and
bound
to
seruice
,
is
to
serue
at
his
owne
charge
;
which
in
other
Courts
he
were
not
,
where
the
custome
is
the
Courtiers
shall
be
found
their
diet
.
But
of
like
matters
,
as
things
of
small
note
,
there
needs
no
longer
discourse
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
the
Princes
bond
or
dutie
towards
the
Courtier
.
HAuing
now
resolued
and
made
plaine
the
proposed
difficulties
,
it
is
requisire
before
wee
passe
any
farther
,
to
shew
,
(
and
indeed
the
Courtier
may
in
reason
desire
to
be
satisfied
)
what
the
Princes
office
or
dutie
is
towards
him
,
hauing
fully
set
downe
the
Courtiers
dutie
vnto
the
Prince
;
to
the
end
he
may
know
what
to
hope
for
by
his
seruice
,
and
how
farre
to
stretch
the
limits
of
his
pretentions
,
because
hereof
it
may
follow
,
that
hee
will
neither
indiscreetly
make
offer
of
his
seruice
,
not
knowing
to
what
end
he
shal
labour
,
nor
happely
shal
vniustly
complaine
of
his
Lord
,
as
nothing
liberall
or
beneficial
towards
him
:
a
thing
which
as
it
many
times
falles
out
,
so
is
it
with
all
possible
care
to
be
remooued
,
since
iars
and
contentions
doe
stop
the
passage
to
fauour
,
and
for
the
most
part
breed
disgusts
and
pikes
of
ill
satisfaction
&
diffidence
both
on
the
one
side
and
on
the
other
.
But
because
these
things
shall
be
more
largely
treated
of
elsewhere
,
we
will
onely
heere
restraine
our
reasons
to
breuitie
,
and
point
at
that
which
to
our
present
matter
seemeth
necessarie
.
Wee
saie
then
that
though
the
society
of
the
Prince
with
the
Courtier
(
as
before
is
noted
)
be
not
a
perfect
society
whereby
the
end
thereof
is
not
as
in
others
,
wholly
the
common
benefit
,
there
is
no
doubt
notwithstanding
,
but
the
Prince
hath
likewise
on
his
part
a
certaine
bond
,
by
vertue
whereof
he
is
tied
not
alone
to
desire
,
but
withall
to
looke
out
and
performe
,
some
thing
which
may
be
beneficiall
and
commodious
for
his
seruant
.
And
this
is
that
which
at
this
time
wee
purpose
to
manifest
,
that
is
,
vnto
what
kinde
of
benefit
,
and
vnto
what
termes
he
is
bound
:
because
as
the
Courtier
(
by
what
hath
beene
said
)
is
not
bound
to
serue
him
,
but
in
some
things
,
and
in
those
also
by
certaine
limits
;
it
seemeth
very
reasonable
,
that
withall
,
neither
the
duties
of
the
Prince
should
extend
to
euery
benefit
,
whereof
the
Courtier
is
capable
,
but
vnto
some
onely
,
and
in
those
,
vnto
some
determinate
end
,
so
that
the
one
bond
may
be
answerable
vnto
the
other
,
and
that
betweene
them
,
there
may
be
a
due
and
iust
proportion
,
that
it
may
not
seeme
,
this
Societie
is
rashly
or
inconsiderately
made
.
There
is
no
doubt
then
,
but
moderating
this
dutie
by
the
End
,
such
should
the
action
be
,
as
the
first
purpose
requireth
,
and
since
we
haue
said
the
finall
end
or
scope
of
the
Courtier
to
be
his
Proper
interest
,
it
is
most
cleere
,
that
as
hee
is
bound
to
worke
or
indeuour
to
bring
to
passe
that
End
,
which
mooued
the
Prince
to
conclude
societie
with
him
,
which
is
his
Proper
seruice
:
in
like
sort
the
Prince
is
bound
to
worke
for
performance
of
that
end
which
moued
the
Courtier
to
linke
himselfe
in
bonds
of
seruitude
with
him
.
So
as
wee
may
say
,
that
the
Prince
is
bound
to
worke
for
the
benefit
of
the
Courtier
,
in
those
things
that
the
Courtier
propoundeth
to
obteine
by
seruice
,
and
those
are
Profit
and
Honour
.
But
the
greatest
difficultie
resteth
,
that
is
,
how
farre
foorth
,
or
in
what
measure
And
truly
,
if
we
consider
that
in
cases
of
Societie
,
no
man
performeth
his
dutie
if
hee
giue
not
satisfaction
to
his
companion
,
which
if
he
doe
,
it
will
be
iudged
that
hee
hath
performed
the
expectatation
,
this
satisfaction
then
riseth
from
the
proportionate
working
to
that
end
which
his
associate
desireth
.
Endes
,
as
hath
beene
said
before
,
are
in
themselues
infinite
,
that
is
,
desired
without
measure
:
so
as
the
Courtier
desireth
not
an
indifferent
profit
,
or
a
meane
degree
or
dignitie
,
but
the
greatest
that
may
be
obteined
.
I
speake
not
indefinitely
,
but
as
from
that
Prince
,
because
hee
must
not
in
his
desires
extend
himselfe
further
then
the
Princes
abilitie
doth
serue
,
that
rule
being
well
knowne
,
that
no
man
is
bound
to
an
impossibilitie
:
it
should
bee
an
insatiable
desire
,
which
should
so
farre
carry
any
man
to
request
more
of
his
lord
then
hee
can
doe
,
or
grant
or
procure
by
his
authoritie
.
It
seemeth
then
hitherto
,
that
the
Prince
is
bound
to
offer
al
those
honors
and
profits
vnto
his
Courtier
,
which
immediately
or
mediately
he
can
grant
.
Notwithstanding
we
must
note
,
that
as
the
Courtier
himselfe
,
is
not
bound
to
doe
all
that
he
can
in
seruice
of
his
Prince
,
when
the
performance
thereof
shall
bee
preiudiciall
to
his
proper
interest
:
so
much
lesse
is
the
Prince
bound
to
benefit
the
Courtier
in
such
things
as
are
damageable
or
offensiue
to
his
seruice
,
&
so
much
the
more
,
by
any
action
preiudiciall
to
more
important
and
desired
benefits
of
his
owne
profits
:
hence
may
bee
gathered
,
whether
he
be
bound
to
benefit
the
Courtier
in
things
which
bring
dishonor
or
special
detriment
to
his
owne
affaires
or
fortunes
,
danger
to
his
life
,
disage
to
his
person
,
or
displeasure
to
his
minde
:
by
these
principles
also
may
be
examined
,
if
hee
bee
to
benefit
that
Courtier
,
who
of
necessitie
is
to
abandon
his
seruice
,
and
many
other
commendable
thinges
woorthie
the
knowledge
of
the
curious
.
But
because
to
proceed
further
heerein
were
to
exceed
those
termes
wherein
a
methodicall
writer
is
to
conteine
this
arte
,
they
are
differred
and
shall
be
(
God
willing
)
fully
handled
in
that
part
of
actiue
Philosophy
,
which
treateth
of
Oeconomicall
prudence
.
CHAP.
IX
.
Of
two
sorts
of
seruices
considerable
.
FOrasmuch
as
I
suppose
we
haue
sufficiently
discoursed
of
the
purposed
scope
or
end
of
the
Courtier
,
and
of
his
duty
in
generall
:
aswell
the
order
of
the
treaty
as
their
profit
to
whom
we
intend
it
,
requireth
,
that
we
draw
vnto
the
particulars
so
much
as
we
may
,
to
confirme
and
establish
precepts
&
rules
for
the
more
prouident
proceeding
therein
.
You
shall
vnderstand
therefore
;
that
there
are
two
kind
of
seruice
which
may
be
done
vnto
the
Prince
,
the
first
is
due
and
answereth
to
the
particular
charge
or
office
which
is
held
in
court
,
either
of
Steward
,
Treasurer
,
Auditor
,
Secretary
,
or
such
like
.
The
second
is
not
otherwise
conteined
in
duty
,
but
offereth
it selfe
of
a
free-will
and
election
beyond
all
duty
,
and
the
reason
heereof
is
,
that
the
fauour
being
answerable
to
the
seruice
that
is
done
:
who
desireth
greater
fauour
,
then
that
deserued
by
this
particular
seruice
and
proper
charge
which
hee
holdeth
in
the
Court
,
must
likewise
enlarge
himselfe
in
seruice
,
and
by
that
meanes
merit
a
greater
portion
of
fauour
,
by
prefiguring
vnto
himselfe
an
obiect
which
in
the
amplitude
thereof
may
be
answerable
to
the
whole
compasse
of
the
seruice
hee
may
doe
to
the
Prince
,
but
so
,
that
the
parts
respectiuely
and
in
proportion
correspond
vnto
the
parts
of
his
seruice
,
in
such
sort
,
that
to
the
office
of
Secretary
,
of
Auditor
,
and
the
like
,
there
be
allotted
such
measure
of
fauor
,
so
restrained
within
his
limits
,
that
it
partake
not
with
that
of
an
other
office
.
Wherefore
it
is
necessary
for
the
Courtier
who
hath
in
purpose
to
be
absolutely
possessed
of
al
fauor
not
to
content
himselfe
within
the
termes
of
his
particular
seruice
,
but
wisely
to
endeuour
the
extention
of
his
confines
in
a
more
ample
sort
.
Yet
with
this
condition
,
not
rashly
to
discouer
himselfe
an
vsurper
or
intruder
vpon
other
mens
offices
or
charges
,
bicause
this
would
breede
hatred
amongst
the
Courtiers
,
and
a
conceipt
of
presumption
with
the
Prince
.
And
therefore
must
rather
choose
to
deale
with
those
which
priuatly
belong
not
to
any
one
,
but
are
indifferent
to
all
,
and
may
therefore
be
exercised
by
any
Courtier
without
the
preiudice
or
displeasure
of
any
one
.
This
kind
in
what
it
consisteth
shall
be
declared
in
his
place
,
in
the
meane
time
we
will
call
it
,
voluntary
seruice
,
as
the
first
seruice
of
duty
.
But
there
ariseth
heere
a
doubt
,
which
is
this
,
if
he
may
not
haue
the
whole
fauour
,
who
taketh
not
vpon
him
the
whole
seruice
,
which
cannot
be
done
without
the
offence
of
others
,
and
it
may
be
the
little
satisfaction
of
the
Prince
:
it
followeth
then
that
it
is
impossible
euer
to
be
full
possessor
of
the
entire
fauour
.
Whereunto
it
is
answered
,
that
to
intrude
into
an
other
mans
charge
,
not
called
&
without
authority
,
doth
breed
bad
effects
as
hath
beene
noted
before
;
but
either
called
or
prouoked
thereunto
by
the
Prince
,
or
put
in
trust
therewith
through
confidence
obteined
with
him
,
then
he
both
may
and
must
doe
it
,
where
you
shall
vnderstand
that
the
order
to
obtaine
such
fauour
,
is
thus
:
by
seruing
diligently
to
the
Princes
liking
in
his
speciall
or
appointed
office
,
that
part
of
grace
or
credit
is
thereby
obteined
correspondent
thereunto
,
offering
of
himselfe
in
voluntary
seruices
that
doe
encrease
credit
and
fauour
,
from
which
encrease
,
occasion
is
offered
(
as
more
distinctly
shall
be
set
downe
)
to
insinuate
himselfe
into
the
confines
of
other
mens
offices
:
so
that
by
well
seruing
,
fauour
is
augmented
,
&
by
this
increase
groweth
occasion
to
posses
the
entire
seruice
;
whereunto
afterward
is
answerable
,
the
absolute
embracement
of
the
Princes
loue
and
fauour
;
for
the
winning
wherof
the
Courtier
chiefly
laboreth
as
the
only
cause
of
his
felicity
.
Yet
heere
riseth
a
greater
question
,
because
it
is
very
manifest
to
be
vaine
and
superfluous
to
encrease
diuers
essences
&
things
without
speciall
neede
or
necessity
:
though
it
be
not
without
cause
,
the
institution
of
many
officers
in
a
Court
,
since
one
alone
cannot
sufficiently
satisfie
the
Princes
affairs
:
and
if
then
it
be
so
,
he
laboreth
in
vaine
,
whosoeuer
hopeth
(
as
hath
beene
said
)
alone
to
vndertake
the
whole
seruice
,
and
by
consequence
,
it
shall
be
labour
lost
,
to
aspire
the
winning
of
the
whole
fauour
.
To
this
it
is
easily
answered
,
shewing
first
by
example
,
that
in
the
greatest
administrations
,
one
alone
may
sustaine
the
charge
of
all
the
seruice
of
a
great
Prince
:
as
hath
beene
done
by
the
antient
Pretors
and
Proconsuls
:
who
were
sent
into
diuers
Prouinces
:
and
by
the
Viceroies
and
gouernors
who
are
at
this
day
destinated
to
the
greatest
charges
,
and
who
doubtlesse
vndertake
the
whole
seruice
of
the
Prince
in
those
gouernments
,
for
that
in
him
,
that
is
in
his
authority
,
the
whole
multitude
of
inferiour
officers
are
vnited
.
Wherefore
I
say
,
that
one
effectually
or
in
act
of
execution
is
not
capable
of
all
the
offices
in
the
whole
Court
;
some
of
them
being
so
nice
and
troublesome
,
that
they
require
a
whole
man
,
free
from
all
other
care
:
but
in
effect
he
may
containe
them
all
,
being
able
by
his
authority
to
institute
,
ordaine
,
distribut
,
moderate
and
moue
all
;
so
that
the
whole
domesticall
businesse
of
the
Prince
may
be
perfectly
satisfied
:
for
that
how
be
it
this
seemeth
the
office
of
the
Master
and
not
of
any
seruant
,
we
see
notwithstanding
for
the
most
part
,
affaires
to
be
so
little
pleasing
vnto
Princes
,
especiallie
of
housholde
matters
,
that
they
had
rather
leaue
the
whole
charge
,
to
the
wisedome
and
fidelity
of
some
one
thought
worthy
thereof
;
in
which
sort
it
is
not
impossible
that
it
should
bee
vndertaken
by
one
alone
.
Yet
it
resteth
that
we
discourse
more
particularly
of
the
two
kinds
of
seruices
propounded
,
and
first
of
seruice
due
.
CHAP.
X.
Of
seruice
by
duetie
or
affectioned
.
IT
is
necessary
that
first
we
beginne
our
deserts
with
some
particular
duetie
,
a
thing
which
ordinarily
happeneth
to
all
that
will
haue
footing
in
Court
,
because
for
the
most
part
there
is
some
speciall
title
of
seruice
assigned
them
,
in
the
which
they
must
by
all
the
possible
meanes
they
can
,
giue
satisfaction
to
the
Prince
.
So
that
,
as
according
to
the
old
sentence
,
ex
nihilo
nihil
fit
,
in
like
sort
,
it
is
impossible
for
him
euer
to
obtein
any
fauour
,
who
hath
no
portion
or
place
of
seruice
;
but
hee
that
possesseth
any
part
,
as
necessarily
euery
Courtier
doth
,
may
make
himselfe
passage
to
speciall
fauour
.
And
certes
hee
deserueth
the
name
of
a
wise
Courtier
,
who
in
the
beginning
can
giue
such
force
and
vigor
to
his
seruice
,
or
any
part
thereof
,
wherein
he
shall
be
emploied
,
that
hee
grow
fruitfull
and
fertile
in
his
Princes
fauour
,
euen
to
the
last
and
highest
degree
:
for
those
in
course
are
most
commendable
,
who
by
their
dexteritie
and
Courtly
valour
come
neerest
to
this
marke
.
To
doe
the
same
then
,
it
seemeth
very
requisit
to
begin
(
as
it
hath
beene
said
)
from
the
woorthie
and
due
performance
of
his
proper
charge
and
place
,
whereof
we
may
not
heere
giue
precepts
.
Because
if
the
Courtier
be
to
be
Master
of
the
horse
,
let
him
haue
recourse
to
Cauallerizzi
and
such
as
teach
to
manage
them
;
if
an
Auditour
,
to
those
skilful
in
accounts
,
&
such
like
:
the
which
as
euery
man
may
see
are
not
within
the
terms
of
this
Arte.
But
howsoeuer
,
let
him
endeuour
to
be
skilfull
in
his
owne
office
,
for
thereby
he
shall
obteine
that
fauour
and
grace
correspondent
thereunto
;
it
being
a
thing
not
questionable
,
that
an
excellent
Diuine
,
a
Secretary
,
or
Auditour
,
manifesting
themselues
by
their
works
,
should
prouoke
and
allure
the
loue
and
fauour
of
the
Prince
,
by
so
much
the
more
,
as
they
are
more
rare
and
excellent
.
True
it
is
that
here
we
must
call
to
minde
that
which
before
in
another
place
hath
beene
spoken
,
that
is
,
that
the
fauour
of
the
Court
is
not
gotten
by
the
opinion
of
vertue
,
but
by
the
vse
and
exercise
thereof
to
the
Princes
profit
.
Whereupon
none
of
them
that
will
deserue
well
,
must
content
himselfe
to
bee
singular
and
perfect
in
his
profession
alone
,
but
how
with
greatest
perfection
and
rarity
in
seruice
to
giue
satisfaction
and
pleasure
to
his
Prince
.
This
chiefly
consisteth
in
manifesting
an
exact
diligence
with
a
desire
to
spare
no
paines
fully
to
giue
him
satisfaction
:
for
as
benefits
ioyned
with
loue
and
kinde
demonstrations
infinitly
encrease
respect
and
duetie
,
so
likewise
seruice
done
with
an
earnest
affection
and
a
kind
of
partialitie
towards
the
Prince
,
worketh
maruellous
effects
;
this
being
most
certeine
,
that
manie
petie
seruices
,
and
almost
vnworthie
consideration
,
only
accompanied
with
an
affectiue
shew
,
haue
beene
the
beginnings
of
speciall
rewards
and
incredible
fauours
:
and
to
say
truth
,
there
is
no
such
price
or
meanes
to
compasse
or
win
loue
,
as
loue
it selfe
.
But
heerin
we
must
stand
well
aduised
to
shunne
a
most
dangerous
rocke
,
that
is
,
curious
and
open
affectation
,
which
may
breed
an
opinion
in
the
Prince
of
want
of
iudgement
,
in
knowing
what
s
conuenient
,
or
els
that
which
is
more
perillous
,
a
doubt
or
supect
of
dissimulation
,
and
by
consequence
an
effect
of
hatred
or
scorne
,
not
alone
with
the
Prince
,
but
with
the
Courtiers
also
,
who
take
no
pleasure
that
any
man
should
be
ouer-diligent
,
or
in
apparence
too-too
passionate
in
the
Princes
seruice
.
Next
,
not
to
giue
matter
of
iest
by
beeing
seene
beyond
all
termes
of
modestie
or
decorum
to
become
like
an
inamoured
louer
in
the
seruice
of
his
Lord
.
This
affection
which
is
an
excesse
,
consisteth
in
nothing
else
than
in
making
the
shew
before
named
with
greater
ardencie
and
more
earnestlie
than
is
fit
,
either
in
the
action
,
which
requireth
no
such
diligent
affect
,
or
at
least
,
not
of
him
that
doth
it
,
but
of
persons
more
inwardlie
conioint
,
and
of
the
Princes
confidents
:
or
in
respect
of
the
place
and
time
,
as
where
the
Masters
eye
is
present
,
or
els
such
persons
as
necessarily
or
in
all
likelihood
will
giue
him
notice
of
the
same
,
it
should
be
coniectured
that
therefore
he
doth
exceed
in
shew
thereof
,
the
which
by
so
much
the
more
growes
odious
,
by
how
much
it
is
discouered
to
be
done
for
his
own
profit
and
commodity
:
and
the
more
ridiculous
,
being
knowen
the
effect
of
a
weak
iudgement
,
to
obserue
decorum
in
himselfe
,
or
in
his
actions
,
place
or
time
,
&
other
circumstances
,
al
which
proceed
from
a
plebean
and
a
seruile
mind
.
But
on
the
other
side
,
it
seemeth
such
demonstration
and
shew
is
done
with
reason
and
conueniency
,
when
in
the
execution
of
that
which
to
our
proper
charge
belongeth
,
we
do
so
much
as
is
thought
fit
and
necessarie
,
and
besides
that
,
perceiuing
in
the
Prince
a
desire
that
the
action
be
reiterated
,
or
that
a
greater
diligence
be
vsed
therein
,
we
endeuour
fully
to
satisfie
him
,
shewing
to
do
the
same
,
not
only
without
any
grudge
or
murmuring
,
but
with
a
willingnes
and
pleasure
,
though
it
may
be
inwardly
it
be
grieuous
and
displeasing
,
and
therefore
we
must
not
attend
til
by
command
the
Prince
discouer
his
desire
,
but
diuing
(
as
it
were
)
into
his
minde
,
make
an
incounter
with
his
pleasure
,
preuenting
the
discouery
;
because
the
Prince
by
nature
earnestlie
desiring
his
proper
seruice
,
which
consisting
in
the
Courtiers
diligence
,
of
necessitie
taketh
pleasure
to
see
him
,
not
liberall
alone
,
but
prodigall
(
if
we
may
say
so
)
in
an
earnest
curiosity
and
desire
to
consume
himselfe
,
for
his
absolute
and
compleat
satisfaction
.
And
in
this
sort
wee
must
thinke
,
the
Courtier
exactly
doth
performe
his
duty
in
his
particular
charge
,
from
whence
there
is
hope
offered
him
,
when
time
shall
serue
,
to
propagate
and
enlarge
his
confines
,
within
the
which
his
office
is
restrained
,
it
being
verie
likelie
,
that
the
Prince
being
satisfied
of
his
abilitie
and
readinesse
in
his
priuat
office
,
will
giue
a
passage
and
entrance
vnto
greater
affaires
,
which
shall
be
the
fruit
to
haue
performed
his
dutie
,
as
was
requisit
,
by
reason
of
the
place
he
beareth
in
the
Court.
CHAP.
XI
.
Of
voluntary
or
assistant
seruice
.
BVt
if
notwithstanding
all
this
diligent
obseruation
of
the
things
aboue
saide
,
the
Prince
shall
affoord
vnto
the
Courtier
no
more
fauour
then
is
iustly
answerable
to
his
particular
seruice
;
it
is
fit
hee
seeke
out
other
meanes
for
his
promotion
,
and
to
say
trueth
,
whosoeuer
▪
will
haue
,
a
greater
reward
then
which
of
due
belongs
vnto
him
,
it
seemeth
very
requisite
,
that
he
doe
also
some
thing
more
,
then
that
which
of
right
apperteines
to
him
,
wherefore
hee
must
not
onely
endeuour
himselfe
diligently
to
satisfie
his
owne
charge
or
place
,
but
to
imploy
himselfe
withall
in
some
other
things
,
whereby
the
Prince
may
make
coniecture
of
the
Courtiers
loue
,
and
incessant
will
to
doe
him
seruice
.
Yet
true
it
is
,
that
heerein
wee
must
be
very
circumspect
,
because
to
insinuate
or
thrust
himselfe
into
other
mens
charges
without
order
from
the
Prince
,
should
be
a
rashnesse
and
presumption
;
wherefore
hee
shall
note
that
there
are
certeine
endeuors
to
this
purpose
very
fit
,
as
those
which
not
onely
are
not
hatefull
,
but
very
acceptable
.
Chiefly
this
assistance
seemeth
to
be
in
places
,
where
the
being
is
both
honorable
and
commodious
to
the
Prince
,
and
these
are
in
the
forechamber
or
that
of
the
Presence
,
where
manie
strangers
meeting
,
either
by
occasion
of
businesse
,
or
other
complement
,
it
cannot
but
be
very
gratefull
vnto
the
Prince
,
to
see
it
well
frequented
with
his
seruants
,
creatures
&
fauorites
,
by
whom
they
are
receaued
,
honored
,
enterteined
,
and
in
the
end
brought
before
him
.
In
like
sort
when
he
feedeth
,
it
cannot
but
be
pleasing
vnto
him
to
bee
incircled
with
manie
attendants
;
As
also
in
his
visitations
,
or
if
hee
chance
to
goe
abroad
,
to
haue
many
about
him
,
assuredly
will
be
very
acceptable
,
aswell
for
their
readinesse
vpon
any
occasion
that
may
be
offred
,
as
by
the
honorable
respect
which
he
receaueth
,
not
so
much
by
the
multitude
,
which
is
a
sign
of
magnificence
,
as
by
their
diligent
seruice
,
which
argueth
a
liberal
and
beneficiall
minde
in
him
;
wherefore
the
Courtier
must
not
thinke
it
tedious
or
time
lost
to
be
present
vpon
such
occasions
,
the
which
thing
will
make
so
much
the
greater
impression
,
if
such
be
his
office
,
as
by
vertue
thereof
he
may
well
be
excused
,
because
by
how
much
lesse
hee
is
bound
thereunto
,
the
greater
note
is
taken
of
his
affection
.
This
then
is
the
benefit
which
is
gotten
by
this
attendance
or
assistance
,
which
in
summe
,
is
the
Princes
satisfaction
,
but
the
fruit
which
it
bringeth
with
it
,
is
of
much
more
importance
by
the
occasions
which
are
offered
of
infinite
consequence
in
this
arte
:
for
that
by
this
attendance
,
in
place
where
he
is
often
subiect
to
the
eie
of
the
Prince
,
he
winneth
euery
day
a
greater
familiaritie
,
and
accustoming
his
sight
to
the
obiect
of
his
person
,
the
Courtier
doth
stil
keepe
himself
in
a
fresh
remembrance
:
besides
all
this
,
manie
times
there
falleth
out
occasion
of
businesse
in
some
matters
,
the
execution
wherof
either
in
their
own
nature
,
or
for
want
of
time
or
other
cause
,
is
not
committed
to
those
to
whom
in
Court
it
doth
properly
belong
;
but
to
such
whom
chance
or
choice
made
present
;
and
although
this
belong
not
to
their
office
,
as
hath
beene
said
,
yet
yeelding
satisfaction
,
by
the
dexterous
performance
thereof
,
it
mooueeth
in
the
Prince
a
thought
and
will
,
choicely
or
by
name
to
command
him
at
an
other
time
,
and
in
the
end
to
possesse
him
wholy
with
that
charge
.
I
leaue
to
speak
of
the
accidents
which
may
fall
out
,
by
one
whereof
,
or
very
few
of
them
,
the
entire
fauour
may
bee
obteined
.
It
is
most
cleere
,
that
Seianus
by
many
sleights
made
conquest
of
Tiberius
loue
:
yet
that
accident
of
falling
of
the
grott
or
caue
,
whose
ruins
he
held
vp
,
defending
the
life
of
his
Prince
,
with
perill
of
his
owne
,
did
so
farre
aduance
his
fauour
,
that
afterwards
euen
at
his
pleasure
they
might
dispose
of
him
.
But
amongst
the
rest
of
al
these
,
there
are
two
most
important
benefits
,
by
this
diligent
assistance
or
presence
,
the
one
is
the
knowledge
of
the
nature
&
humour
of
the
Prince
:
the
other
is
occasions
,
which
often
fall
out
,
to
haue
discourse
or
talke
with
him
.
The
knowledge
of
the
nature
,
customes
,
affections
&
humour
of
the
Prince
,
is
most
necessary
,
for
imitation
and
accommodating
your selfe
vnto
him
.
The
occasion
of
discourse
or
talke
with
him
,
is
of
no
lesse
infinite
consideration
and
profit
;
whereof
it
being
so
,
that
we
shall
speake
heereafter
;
we
will
in
the
meane
time
saie
something
of
the
meanes
how
to
know
the
humor
of
the
Prince
,
and
of
fitting
your selfe
thereunto
;
and
after
we
will
treat
of
reasoning
and
discourse
with
him
.
CHAP.
XII
.
Meanes
how
to
know
the
nature
and
affection
of
the
Prince
.
IF
it
be
necessarie
euerie
artizan
haue
knowledge
of
the
matter
wherein
he
is
to
shew
the
essence
and
forme
of
his
arte
and
occupation
;
as
the
Tailor
of
cloth
;
of
iron
the
Smith
;
and
the
Mason
of
marble
:
If
the
Physitian
can
not
put
in
practise
his
facultie
,
without
a
precedent
knowledge
of
the
body
,
curable
,
and
to
be
short
,
of
euerie
agent
,
presuppose
the
knowledge
of
the
subiect
wherein
they
are
to
worke
:
we
may
also
say
it
is
great
reason
,
that
the
Courtier
being
by
his
labour
and
industrie
to
induce
and
gently
wrest
into
the
Princes
minde
a
loue
and
liking
of
him
,
should
by
so
much
as
is
possible
haue
a
full
and
perfect
knowledge
of
him
,
to
the
end
that
by
this
foreknowledge
,
he
may
order
,
rule
,
and
moderate
al
his
actions
:
since
it
is
out
of
question
,
that
there
is
not
one
maner
of
proceeding
with
all
men
:
for
we
may
by
some
way
obteine
the
fauour
of
one
,
which
would
procure
the
hatred
of
another
:
wherefore
if
the
nature
of
euery
one
lay
open
and
were
manifest
,
so
that
easily
it
might
bee
learned
and
perceiued
,
it
were
an
idle
thing
to
giue
precepts
to
obserue
it
,
or
to
obteine
the
knowledge
therof
.
But
because
,
than
it
,
there
is
nothing
more
close
or
secret
to
him
that
hath
not
prying
eies
alwaies
open
aswell
of
body
as
minde
,
it
shall
not
bee
superfluous
briefly
to
discourse
of
this
matter
.
We
say
then
that
diuers
are
the
meanes
wherby
the
natures
of
men
are
knowen
,
amongst
the
which
the
art
of
Physiognomy
doth
helpe
very
much
,
by
meanes
wherof
some
haue
been
able
to
penetrate
and
search
into
the
inmost
and
most
concealed
affects
of
the
minde
of
other
men
:
And
howbeit
the
arte
seeme
full
of
fallacies
,
yet
when
many
signes
concurre
together
signifying
one
and
the
same
affect
,
then
wisemen
will
not
that
it
bee
vaine
to
giue
credit
,
as
setled
vpon
naturall
grounds
.
Galen
on
their
side
is
of
opinion
,
and
hath
largely
discoursed
thereupon
,
that
Animi
mores
sequantur
temperaturam
corporis
.
And
vnto
him
the
whole
Colledge
of
the
best
Physitions
do
consent
,
that
the
temperature
and
composition
of
the
body
being
knowen
,
it
is
most
easie
to
gesse
what
are
the
affects
,
manners
and
naturall
inclinations
of
the
minde
.
The
Rhetoritians
,
amongst
whom
Aristotle
,
as
chief
&
Prince
,
teach
this
excellent
rule
,
to
consider
the
age
and
condition
;
as
whether
old
or
yong
,
or
of
a
middle
time
,
whether
noble
or
ignoble
,
rich
or
poore
,
whether
potent
or
of
meane
fortune
,
and
such
like
,
vnto
which
conditions
he
doth
attribute
their
particular
affects
and
manners
,
so
that
knowing
in
which
of
them
any
man
is
found
,
presently
are
his
affections
knowen
:
we
may
besides
ioine
vnto
these
the
education
and
profession
,
apt
also
to
qualifie
and
giue
a
habit
to
their
subiects
.
Likewise
in
the
books
by
me
set
foorth
of
Eloquence
it
is
declared
,
that
from
the
phrase
of
speech
and
metaphors
that
are
vsed
,
the
nature
of
him
that
formeth
them
may
be
perceiued
,
and
this
also
to
haue
beene
the
opinion
of
antient
sages
,
whereof
as
I
suppose
in
that
worke
I
haue
giuen
sufficient
reason
.
But
because
these
&
such
like
waies
are
too
much
grounded
vpon
Generals
,
&
to
the
Courtier
by
reason
of
the
place
he
holdeth
,
there
is
a
more
secure
passage
offered
,
we
say
that
the
true
meanes
to
attaine
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Princes
nature
and
custome
is
by
his
actions
:
and
yet
not
all
,
but
those
of
choice
,
because
these
discouer
the
inclination
,
as
by
the
effect
the
cause
is
knowen
;
and
although
dissimulation
,
at
first
sight
putting
on
a
colourable
habit
,
and
occasion
of
the
action
,
either
different
or
contrary
to
the
naturall
propension
and
inclinement
,
it
is
yet
notwithstanding
impossible
to
conceale
or
hide
the
same
,
from
a
circumspect
and
wise
Courtier
,
for
that
if
watchfully
he
shall
obserue
actions
,
it
will
easily
appeare
whether
he
worke
naturally
and
by
a
contracted
habit
,
or
else
dissemblingly
;
because
nature
being
euer
the
same
,
and
habits
being
gotten
by
custome
,
the
actions
must
needes
be
vniforme
and
alike
within
themselues
.
But
dissimulation
wherewith
nature
is
not
inuested
,
but
ouer-shadowed
cannot
be
of
that
force
,
but
that
some
beame
or
raie
of
the
true
and
naturall
inclination
at
one
time
or
other
will
pierce
and
passe
the
same
,
and
this
is
so
true
,
that
as
yet
there
hath
neuer
beene
seene
,
nor
is
it
possible
,
euer
to
see
so
excellent
a
dissembler
,
who
hath
not
beene
discouered
and
vnmasked
by
him
who
familiarly
shall
deale
with
him
and
carefully
consider
his
actions
by
due
comparing
them
together
.
Because
the
arte
of
dissembling
groweth
of
a
forced
and
contrary
habit
vnto
nature
,
it
cannot
be
,
but
many
times
of
his
proper
force
withdrawing
it self
from
vnder
so
heauy
a
yoake
it
will
worke
actions
quite
contrary
to
those
of
dissimulation
.
True
it
is
that
the
cunning
dissembler
is
cautelous
and
wary
,
and
therefore
doth
not
disrobe
himselfe
of
his
habit
,
but
either
by
violence
or
confidence
:
by
Violence
,
I
meane
forced
by
some
mighty
hand
to
say
or
worke
the
truth
,
a
thing
which
cannot
fall
out
betweene
the
Prince
and
the
Courtier
.
But
there
is
an
other
kinde
of
violence
,
very
profitable
,
and
to
be
considered
,
that
is
,
an
excesse
of
the
affections
stirred
vp
or
moued
:
the
cause
is
,
reason
being
sometimes
troubled
induceth
forgetfulnesse
of
that
caution
,
openeth
the
secrets
of
the
heart
,
and
discouereth
that
,
which
dissimulation
kept
most
secret
,
besides
the
promptnes
or
difficulty
it selfe
of
falling
into
these
excesses
laieth
open
what
is
the
true
naturall
habit
,
because
from
hence
it
groweth
that
he
is
more
or
lesse
prone
or
apt
to
perturbations
vpon
such
like
motions
.
But
the
consideration
of
Confidence
is
of
most
speciall
importance
,
the
which
particularly
consisteth
in
places
and
persons
,
and
in
the
persons
is
considered
the
beneuolence
wherewith
they
are
made
firme
,
or
the
opinion
of
their
incapacity
to
vnderstand
and
penetrate
,
as
also
to
make
manifest
that
which
they
know
in
the
places
,
for
that
the
chiefest
end
of
dissimulation
being
to
maske
or
shadow
naturall
instinct
,
when
the
places
giue
assurance
,
promising
secrecie
by
their
remotenesse
from
the
knowledge
of
men
they
do
easily
entice
the
dissembler
to
giue
the
raines
&
liberty
to
the
force
of
nature
;
and
by
the
same
reason
,
to
discouer
himselfe
to
muddy
persons
of
little
vnderstanding
,
and
lesse
accustomed
to
their
caution
:
or
rather
because
naturall
actions
,
are
done
with
more
ease
&
pleasure
,
they
put
off
,
or
at
least
ease
themselues
of
that
habit
of
dissimulation
:
they
doe
this
and
much
more
with
persons
of
whose
loue
they
are
very
confident
,
and
therfore
it
is
reported
that
Seianus
varijs
artibus
Tiberium
deuinxit
adeo
,
vt
obseurum
aduersum
alios
,
sibi
vni
incautum
intectúmque
efficeret
:
By
sundry
sleights
had
so
bewitched
Tiberius
,
that
being
secret
to
all
others
,
to
him
alone
he
lay
open
and
vncircumspect
.
The
Courtier
then
who
earnestly
desireth
to
sound
his
Princes
minde
must
,
mal-gree
dissimulation
,
haue
notice
of
his
actions
in
his
most
retired
places
,
know
what
talke
he
hath
with
common
persons
,
particular
confidents
,
and
with
those
that
either
by
age
or
want
of
wit
may
make
him
more
secured
,
because
by
the
collection
of
the
actions
and
talke
obserued
and
compared
together
,
and
the
conformity
or
disagreement
betweene
them
well
considered
,
the
way
will
be
very
plaine
to
know
him
aswel
within
as
without
.
Taking
care
notwithstanding
to
doe
this
in
such
sort
,
that
for
a
Courtier
you
be
not
taken
as
a
spie
,
and
withall
remember
,
that
tamnescire
quaedam
,
quam
scire
oportet
:
It
is
as
fit
not
to
know
some
things
as
to
know
them
:
To
conclude
,
all
these
actions
must
be
tempered
and
accompanied
with
dexterity
,
the
which
cannot
be
taught
,
but
must
be
naturall
,
though
by
experience
in
many
things
,
it
be
much
refined
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
The
manner
how
to
accommodate
himselfe
to
the
Princes
humor
.
NOw
that
the
Courtier
shall
haue
perfect
knowledge
what
is
the
humor
and
inclination
of
his
Prince
,
it
resteth
to
consider
in
what
sort
hee
is
to
conforme
himselfe
thereunto
in
his
seruice
;
wherefore
we
say
,
that
the
nature
of
the
Prince
,
either
is
plaine
and
open
,
and
as
they
say
,
absque
fuco
,
&
fallacia
,
or
it
is
encombred
and
shadowed
with
a
skreene
of
dissimulation
.
If
it
be
open
,
the
rule
is
easie
therein
to
be
obserued
,
because
to
what
he
is
seene
to
incline
,
to
the
same
without
all
question
is
the
Courtier
to
enable
and
conforme
himselfe
,
professing
armes
if
the
Prince
be
of
nature
martiall
;
learning
&
letters
,
if
he
delight
in
knowledge
;
in
holinesse
and
religion
,
if
he
be
deuout
;
neat
and
delicate
in
apparell
,
entertainments
and
all
other
things
,
if
he
vrge
this
;
diligent
and
quicke
in
execution
,
if
he
in
his
actions
be
exquisite
and
by
nature
speedy
.
To
conclude
,
he
is
to
adapt
and
fit
himselfe
by
all
the
meanes
he
may
vnto
his
will
,
and
make
himselfe
,
if
it
bee
possible
,
the
very
portract
of
his
properties
and
fashions
.
Because
selfe
loue
which
is
the
roote
of
all
other
loues
,
chiefly
extends
it selfe
vnto
his
like
,
and
more
towards
those
who
conforme
themselues
in
maners
and
naturall
inclination
thereunto
.
Besides
,
if
he
make
shew
of
imitation
not
by
pronenesse
of
nature
,
but
by
wil
&
of
choice
purpose
,
this
also
is
very
pleasing
,
&
is
as
an
approbation
of
his
actions
,
manners
,
and
choice
;
a
thing
of
all
men
desired
:
or
at
least
as
in
tearmes
of
obedience
and
consent
.
It
is
by
oddes
a
thing
more
difficult
to
fit
himselfe
to
dissembled
humors
:
because
framing
himselfe
to
that
which
fainedly
the
Prince
professeth
,
it
is
most
cleare
that
such
conformity
doth
not
light
vpon
his
naturall
inclination
,
and
therefore
doth
not
search
vnto
the
quicke
,
but
resteth
vpon
a
superficiall
affectation
:
On
the
other
side
,
if
he
will
make
profession
of
the
Princes
fashions
with
a
close
dissimulation
,
it
cannot
bee
pleasing
vnto
himselfe
without
his
own
preiudice
,
knowing
that
no
man
praiseth
or
commendeth
that
in
another
,
which
he
doth
truly
hate
in
himselfe
(
I
speake
in
matter
of
cariage
or
behauiour
)
and
surely
hee
should
feed
himselfe
with
a
vaine
hope
,
that
should
thinke
to
be
pleasing
by
intemperance
,
to
him
that
maketh
shew
to
be
deuoted
vnto
continency
:
or
by
a
desire
of
reuenge
to
him
,
who
either
openly
or
couertly
declares
himselfe
easie
to
forget
all
iniuries
.
To
conclude
,
the
Prince
dissembling
,
cannot
openly
bee
delighted
with
any
one
,
that
shall
make
shew
to
haue
a
habit
in
that
,
which
colourably
he
is
faine
to
couer
,
without
manifesting
the
truth
of
his
inward
meaning
,
and
making
the
false
appearance
to
be
knowne
.
But
on
the
contrary
,
he
doth
not
truly
conforme
himselfe
vnto
the
Prince
who
doth
not
wholly
fit
himself
to
his
true
and
naturall
inclination
.
Wherefore
in
these
difficulties
,
it
seemes
the
indifferent
way
is
not
to
discouer
himselfe
openly
or
by
a
professed
habit
to
be
contrary
to
the
dissimulation
of
the
Prince
;
(
for
example
)
shewing
himselfe
incontinent
,
with
one
that
professeth
temperance
.
For
that
this
might
in
reason
seeme
a
despising
of
him
,
and
to
haue
in
slight
esteeme
the
disgust
or
displeasure
which
he
by
these
actions
and
contrary
courses
might
giue
to
the
Princes
open
and
apparent
disposition
:
or
else
might
breed
suspect
of
his
knowledge
of
the
disguise
or
counterfeiting
;
a
thing
,
which
questionles
might
win
him
hatred
.
But
the
Courtier
must
shew
himselfe
to
bee
naturally
inclined
thereunto
,
although
in
reason
hee
repugne
the
same
,
and
be
same
to
force
himselfe
thereunto
:
because
that
which
is
truly
naturall
vnto
the
Prince
,
shall
so
much
the
more
be
iudged
a
naturall
inclination
in
him
,
though
masked
with
a
vaile
o●
di●●●mulation
.
Hence
it
is
very
likely
would
grow
great
good
liking
in
the
Prince
,
and
the
high
way
vnto
confidence
would
be
made
easie
:
besides
,
since
needs
be
must
lie
open
vnto
some
,
it
is
cleere
,
he
will
sooner
discouer
himselfe
vnto
one
,
to
bee
of
like
affect
,
and
much
more
if
happily
the
Courtier
be
able
to
serue
him
in
that
inclination
;
wherefore
we
say
it
is
necessary
in
termes
of
obedience
and
of
dutifull
regard
towards
the
Prince
dissembling
,
to
conforme
himselfe
in
some
part
to
the
coloured
affect
and
fashion
.
But
to
make
passage
vnto
confidence
,
it
is
more
profitable
to
giue
apparent
signes
of
a
true
,
or
a
truly
dissembled
inclining
in
himselfe
,
the
which
inclining
must
bee
like
to
that
which
he
knowes
truly
to
be
naturall
in
the
Prince
,
vnto
whose
humour
in
my
opinion
this
is
the
next
way
to
bee
conformable
.
CHAP.
XIIII
.
Whether
it
be
fit
to
haue
often
speech
or
conference
with
the
Prince
.
WE
come
now
to
speake
of
the
conferences
with
the
Prince
,
and
first
of
all
let
vs
consider
,
if
it
be
profitable
to
the
Courtier
to
haue
easie
accesse
vnto
the
Princes
eares
,
because
on
the
negatiue
part
,
it
seemeth
there
are
these
reasons
,
as
doubtlesse
that
this
manifest
fauour
breedeth
him
great
enuie
with
the
other
Courtiers
,
and
how
pernitious
a
thing
that
is
,
is
very
plaine
,
whereof
wee
mind
to
speake
at
large
in
due
place
:
besides
many
informations
are
made
vnto
the
Prince
,
whose
author
not
being
known
,
it
is
attributed
vnto
those
,
who
often
haue
conference
with
him
,
whereupon
followeth
the
hatred
,
not
alone
of
those
offended
but
of
others
who
haue
reason
to
feare
the
like
,
beside
the
note
of
a
malignant
detractor
.
Heereunto
is
added
a
waightie
consideration
,
that
in
reasoning
the
Courtier
vseth
many
or
few
words
:
if
few
,
he
doth
not
fit
his
Lords
intention
,
who
many
times
giues
him
this
accesse
,
for
entertainment
of
the
time
which
he
desireth
.
In
this
case
to
walke
too
warily
,
besides
that
it
makes
a
shew
either
of
a
seuere
or
a
dissembled
nature
,
it
giues
no
pleasing
gust
,
but
breeds
a
diffidence
:
if
many
wordes
,
a
prouident
and
wittie
Prince
,
(
such
as
we
suppose
the
Prince
worthie
to
bee
serued
by
our
Courtier
instructed
in
this
art
)
will
easily
see
into
his
manners
and
affections
,
which
happily
with
more
profit
might
haue
been
concealed
,
nor
can
this
be
but
very
hardly
holpen
,
because
the
Courtier
being
to
make
answer
to
demands
,
and
to
persist
in
his
discourse
,
so
long
as
it
shall
please
the
Prince
,
it
is
almost
impossible
to
go
so
couertly
to
worke
,
that
truth
it selfe
glides
not
,
or
glanceth
out
sometime
.
And
surely
as
loue
is
a
most
sweet
torture
,
which
oftentimes
vnlockes
the
cabinet
of
closeth
secrets
,
wherupon
they
are
wont
to
say
that
,
il
caldo
del
letto
,
dilegua
souuente
il
ghiaccio
della
taciturnita
:
The
heat
of
the
bed
oft-times
doth
thaw
the
Ise
of
secrecie
,
which
husbands
should
in
many
things
conceale
:
So
from
a
minde
not
well
established
and
made
immoueable
against
the
windes
of
Courtly
ambition
,
the
pleasure
of
the
masters
conference
steales
many
things
from
the
seruant
,
which
to
their
greater
profit
should
haue
beene
better
kept
.
But
for
all
this
there
are
on
the
part
affirmatiue
,
more
liuely
reasons
and
of
greater
force
,
because
for
certainty
amongst
all
the
passages
offered
to
the
Princes
fauour
,
there
is
not
one
of
them
,
that
by
a
more
plaine
and
easie
way
doth
lead
to
our
desired
end
than
this
,
because
it
doth
intrinsecate
and
make
familiar
,
yet
so
far
foorth
as
a
modest
seruant
may
bee
with
a
reuerenced
master
:
It
giues
fit
occasion
&
opportunity
to
beare
his
humors
and
affections
,
and
to
giue
an
earnest
&
taste
of
our
owne
proper
vertue
and
valor
:
a
thing
not
of
small
regard
with
those
who
consider
how
many
are
in
Court
who
through
want
of
that
commoditie
to
make
their
talent
known
vnto
their
Prince
,
keepe
the
same
buried
in
sterilitie
.
Besides
the
reputation
which
it
brings
is
held
inestimable
,
not
alone
,
because
making
profit
of
the
Princes
iudgement
,
hee
cannot
but
bee
commended
also
,
who
is
thought
worthy
his
domesticke
and
familiar
speech
.
But
yet
much
more
in
this
,
that
because
the
Courtiers
reputation
consisting
in
the
fauor
of
the
Prince
,
which
in
respect
of
other
fauors
we
may
terme
abilitie
and
power
to
pleasure
others
;
it
is
most
cleere
that
this
is
chiefly
expected
from
those
who
haue
libertie
of
often
conference
,
and
by
consequence
fit
times
to
present
the
petitions
and
requests
of
other
men
.
But
aboue
all
the
rest
,
more
estimable
,
is
the
facilitie
which
groweth
thereby
,
to
diue
and
sound
into
the
deepest
thoghts
&
affections
of
his
Lord
,
and
to
shew
in
himselfe
a
disposition
and
nature
pliable
and
conformable
thereunto
.
To
this
purpose
I
must
not
leaue
to
note
;
that
for
oftentimes
in
reasoning
and
like
conference
,
the
quicke
and
liuely
sharpnesse
of
the
wit
,
or
else
the
dulnesse
and
pouerty
of
spirit
is
discouered
,
it
is
a
most
necessarie
obseruance
,
to
marke
and
search
of
what
kinde
that
of
the
Princes
is
heerein
,
because
though
it
seeme
verie
reasonable
,
that
by
how
much
the
more
the
officers
are
of
spirit
,
life
and
capable
of
euerie
command
,
by
so
much
they
should
bee
more
respected
and
held
more
deare
:
yet
shall
you
finde
some
kind
of
Princes
,
that
as
they
will
flie
the
extremity
of
folly
in
followers
,
so
are
they
better
pleased
with
a
mediocrity
&
indifferency
,
then
with
this
singularitie
and
superexcellency
.
Mark
what
Cornelius
Tacitus
speaketh
of
Poppaeus
Sabinus
:
Is
modicus
originis
prencipum
amicitia
consulatum
ac
triumphale
decus
adeptus
,
maximisque
prouincijs
per
quatuor
&
viginti
annos
impositus
,
nullam
,
ob
eximiam
artem
,
sed
quod
par
negotijs
,
neque
supra
erat
.
He
was
but
of
meane
parentage
,
yet
through
the
fauour
of
Princes
,
that
is
of
Augustus
and
Tiberius
,
he
obtained
the
honour
of
Consulship
,
and
triumphed
,
being
gouernour
of
many
great
prouinces
for
foure
and
twentie
yeares
,
not
for
any
great
skill
that
abounded
in
him
,
hauing
so
much
as
was
only
equall
to
his
imploiments
,
and
no
more
.
And
this
groweth
either
of
feare
,
lest
from
these
excellent
wits
some
thing
might
be
plotted
against
their
gouernment
,
or
of
shame
to
be
vnder
them
in
vertue
,
ouer
whom
they
are
in
fortune
,
or
lest
their
actions
should
bee
censured
and
their
affections
knowen
,
though
arteficially
shadowed
:
Or
suspecting
to
want
rewards
answerable
to
their
deserts
and
which
might
satisfy
their
expectation
,
knowing
that
high
spirits
,
aime
not
at
base
and
vulgar
marks
;
Or
(
in
fine
)
for
some
other
hard
and
impenetrable
cause
.
It
is
therefore
manifest
,
that
it
behoueth
the
Courtier
to
be
well
aduised
,
and
with
circumspection
to
proceed
and
present
himselfe
with
such
maner
of
speech
vnto
the
Prince
,
as
he
perceiueth
may
please
his
humour
;
whereupon
,
confidence
will
easily
succeed
,
by
vertue
and
meanes
whereof
many
imploiments
not
belonging
to
his
charge
shall
be
conferred
vpon
him
,
and
next
by
consequence
,
the
chiefest
secrets
,
according
to
the
qualities
which
by
little
and
little
the
Prince
shall
discouer
in
him
,
and
this
is
the
way
and
meanes
to
enlarge
the
confines
of
his
particular
seruice
in
the
Court
:
next
vnto
the
which
followeth
in
proportionable
course
the
possession
of
that
fauour
,
which
with
so
great
labour
is
procured
.
Therefore
as
this
occasion
is
greatly
to
be
desired
,
so
is
it
necessary
to
teach
the
meanes
to
make
vse
therof
,
which
we
will
diligently
doe
,
when
we
shall
by
answer
haue
cleered
the
difficulties
on
the
contrary
part
set
downe
in
the
beginning
.
To
the
first
therfore
we
say
,
that
of
two
euils
it
is
good
to
auoide
the
worst
;
wherefore
the
apparent
fauour
of
a
Princes
conference
may
breed
enuy
,
yet
is
this
much
better
,
then
by
such
scruple
or
feare
to
lose
the
occasion
of
greatest
efficacy
(
that
is
,
to
insinuate
himselfe
into
the
fauour
of
his
lord
)
which
a
long
and
tedious
course
of
seruitude
can
afford
;
besides
that
multa
experiendo
fiunt
,
quae
segnibus
ardua
videantur
:
Many
things
by
aduenture
are
brought
to
passe
,
which
vnto
the
slothfull
cowards
doe
seeme
hard
.
And
who
well
obserueth
the
courses
of
principalities
and
courts
shall
finde
that
true
which
Tacitus
saith
;
CHAP.
XV.
How
many
and
what
be
the
kinds
of
speeches
or
discourses
the
Courtier
is
to
haue
with
his
Prince
.
SInce
to
speake
generally
in
matters
of
action
is
not
so
profitable
,
as
by
so
much
as
we
may
to
come
vnto
particulars
;
it
is
necessarie
that
we
treat
in
speciall
of
the
kinds
of
speeches
which
the
Courtier
may
haue
with
his
Prince
,
and
in
euery
of
them
giue
those
aduertisements
which
are
fit
profitably
to
passe
them
.
But
to
do
this
,
we
must
first
see
how
many
&
what
these
kindes
be
,
wherein
not
proceeding
in
a
strict
and
philosophicall
maner
,
but
rather
conformable
to
common
capacity
,
the
thing
in
my
opinion
will
not
be
very
hard
.
Wherefore
without
keeping
so
precisely
the
precepts
of
diuision
(
one
of
the
hardest
things
in
humane
vnderstanding
)
wee
will
say
,
that
wee
talke
or
reason
with
the
Prince
,
either
for
his
pleasure
and
delight
,
to
ouerpasse
that
time
of
leasure
for
recreation
from
the
toils
of
ordinary
affaires
belonging
to
his
state
and
calling
,
&
these
we
call
speeches
of
entertainment
;
or
else
our
talke
with
him
is
limited
to
some
end
either
of
a
thing
done
,
or
to
bee
done
,
and
which
belongeth
to
his
honour
,
interest
or
state
,
and
these
we
call
conference
of
state
:
All
others
,
if
any
such
there
be
,
are
reduced
vnder
these
two
.
Of
the
which
,
because
those
of
State
are
most
important
,
wee
will
handle
them
in
the
first
place
,
and
those
of
Entertainment
afterwardes
.
CHAP.
XVI
.
How
to
take
opportunitie
to
induce
a
conference
of
state
.
THe
first
consideration
is
concerning
the
maner
how
to
induce
or
begin
these
conferences
,
the
which
are
either
touching
the
Princes
interest
,
or
things
which
in
some
sort
belong
vnto
the
Courtiers
charge
,
and
will
easily
giue
an
entrance
to
insinuation
.
But
because
euery
Prince
,
who
for
the
variable
multitude
of
his
actions
(
wil
haue
as
reason
requireth
,
some
order
)
is
vsed
to
diuide
his
time
,
appointing
to
certaine
houres
setled
imploiments
,
this
thing
must
bee
most
diligently
obserued
,
for
that
doing
otherwise
,
besides
the
molestation
hee
should
giue
the
Prince
in
disordering
of
his
course
he
shall
receiue
many
times
but
little
satisfaction
,
and
get
the
name
of
Busie-bodie
.
And
if
the
businesse
haue
no
determinate
and
set
houre
,
it
shall
be
good
counsell
to
reserue
it
vnto
some
of
those
appointed
for
affaires
,
keeping
entire
,
so
much
as
is
possible
,
the
time
of
recreation
,
not
onely
deare
to
euerie
man
by
nature
,
but
specially
necessarie
vnto
those
that
with
many
toiles
are
ouer-wearied
.
But
if
the
affaire
bee
extraordinarie
and
of
import
,
hee
may
securely
change
the
course
,
and
alter
the
appointed
houres
,
withall
(
so
the
matter
bee
not
of
such
waight
,
that
it
is
needfull
of
the
Princes
instant
knowledge
)
wee
must
giue
due
space
to
those
occasions
,
which
either
for
healths
sake
;
or
safety
of
the
life
are
fit
to
bee
done
,
as
times
of
diet
,
sleep
or
physicke
,
to
auoid
infirmities
as
well
of
body
as
mind
,
wherein
to
negotiate
is
forbidden
.
CHAP.
XVII
.
What
is
to
bee
obserued
in
the
passing
of
this
conference
of
state
.
THe
conuenient
and
fit
time
with
speciall
consideration
being
taken
,
and
the
houre
of
negotiating
being
come
,
the
circumspect
seruant
,
must
either
first
,
or
in
the
very
instant
,
or
so
soone
as
may
be
,
by
himselfe
or
by
some
other
meanes
discouer
the
moode
&
humor
,
that
the
Prince
is
in
,
for
all
are
not
of
Tiberius
mind
,
of
whom
Tacitus
saith
,
Negotia
pro
solatijs
accipiebat
,
that
tooke
dispatches
for
disports
:
and
much
lesse
it
may
bee
to
finde
him
still
in
one
minde
,
nor
to
haue
the
same
motion
to
the
same
things
.
Wherefore
discouering
an
indisposition
to
the
businesse
,
either
by
some
affect
of
his
minde
or
body
,
it
is
expedient
to
restraine
the
conference
into
as
few
termes
as
may
bee
,
and
to
abridge
the
time
,
from
being
troublesome
;
for
the
ill
disposition
of
the
subiect
with
whom
wee
are
to
treat
,
is
no
lesse
contrary
to
the
happie
successe
of
the
businesse
,
then
is
an
vntimely
houre
.
I
vnderstand
this
of
affaires
which
necessarily
must
passe
,
and
needs
bee
heard
,
because
in
others
,
whose
scope
and
end
are
the
benefit
or
profit
of
our
friends
,
or
else
containe
some
desired
fauour
,
wee
must
of
necessity
awaight
fandi
molles
aditus
,
easie
entrances
of
speech
,
and
therefore
reserue
them
till
there
be
a
composed
,
quiet
&
setled
mind
willingly
disposed
to
giue
audience
,
a
thing
which
very
seldom
falleth
out
with
some
,
who
are
so
austere
and
sterne
,
that
it
is
almost
impossible
euer
to
find
either
fit
houre
or
humor
to
conferre
with
them
.
Such
are
men
giuen
to
their
pleasures
&
passe-times
,
besides
the
which
they
thinke
on
nothing
else
:
and
such
are
men
cholerick
by
custom
or
by
nature
,
in
whom
either
age
or
practise
in
managing
affaires
hath
not
bred
a
gentler
temper
.
But
if
the
Prince
bee
well
disposed
,
then
must
the
Courtier
endeuour
himselfe
that
the
businesse
whereof
hee
is
to
speake
(
for
somuch
as
belongeth
vnto
him
)
bee
aptly
and
commendably
set
downe
and
handled
.
For
the
knowledge
whereof
he
shall
vnderstand
,
that
to
negotiate
with
a
Prince
,
may
consist
either
in
laying
open
or
declaring
some
fact
or
seruice
done
,
to
the
end
he
consider
thereof
as
hee
thinkes
good
;
or
manifesting
some
businesse
,
to
the
end
to
receiue
order
for
the
execution
and
performance
.
And
heerein
also
is
contained
the
fauours
or
recompences
which
either
for
himselfe
or
others
are
demanded
,
and
in
the
one
or
the
other
the
opening
or
concealing
his
opinion
;
or
finally
in
declaring
the
maner
of
execution
and
performance
of
some
action
,
which
is
commonly
called
a
Relation
.
Wherefore
in
the
relating
any
thing
whatsoeuer
we
must
first
and
chiefly
haue
regard
to
truth
,
aswell
for
the
integrity
,
duty
and
faith
due
by
euery
honourable
Courtier
vnto
his
Prince
,
as
because
hee
may
make
a
more
commendable
resolution
,
knowing
that
from
false
principles
in
good
consequence
a
true
conclusion
is
neuer
gathered
:
next
there
is
requisite
apparancy
,
to
ease
the
vnderstanding
of
the
Prince
,
and
lighten
the
burthen
of
the
businesse
and
breuity
:
Not
to
keepe
him
troubled
ouerlong
hauing
otherwise
many
diuertions
of
importance
.
Next
in
receiuing
directions
for
the
executing
of
any
thing
,
either
by
himselfe
or
others
,
there
is
required
not
onely
a
diligent
attention
of
the
mind
,
rightly
and
presently
to
take
the
same
,
without
necessity
of
repetition
,
because
this
,
besides
the
trouble
,
would
breed
an
opinion
in
the
Prince
,
of
incapacity
,
and
withall
a
want
of
memory
and
retention
,
to
performe
the
same
answerable
to
the
intent
of
the
commandement
.
But
of
all
the
rest
,
there
is
none
of
more
import
,
than
the
charge
to
giue
aduice
and
shew
his
opinion
vpon
any
thing
:
Lastly
,
in
declaring
things
already
executed
you
must
vse
truth
,
plainenesse
,
&
al
that
good
Rhetoritians
set
downe
to
make
a
worthy
●●●ation
.
But
to
all
these
things
there
are
two
most
important
aduertizements
yet
to
be
added
;
the
first
is
Secrecie
,
because
without
that
,
in
vaine
is
the
Princes
confidence
procured
,
whose
thoughts
and
intentions
,
by
so
much
as
is
possible
,
must
be
kept
concealed
,
aswell
for
the
inconueniences
which
may
grow
thereby
,
as
for
your
own
reputation
,
which
will
be
so
much
the
greater
,
as
these
shall
bee
the
more
occult
and
secret
.
The
other
is
,
not
to
vse
too
great
curiosity
,
in
diuing
deeper
into
the
Princes
thoughts
,
then
is
conuenient
,
or
hee
thinks
fit
to
reueale
,
remembring
that
,
abditos
principis
sensus
,
&
si
quid
occultius
parat
,
exquirere
,
illicitum
anceps
:
To
be
busie
in
quest
of
Princes
secret
thoghts
,
or
what
vnlawful
drifts
they
haue
in
hand
,
is
both
dangerous
and
doubtfull
.
And
for
certaine
many
haue
erred
heerin
,
whereof
haue
followed
contrary
effects
to
their
desires
,
because
seeking
by
this
meanes
to
lincke
and
inward
themselues
more
strictly
,
they
haue
oftentimes
as
too
nice
and
curious
been
excluded
all
waighty
affaires
.
And
this
is
as
much
as
I
thinke
fit
to
speake
concerning
Conference
of
State
;
now
followeth
that
of
Entertainement
.
CHAP.
XVIII
.
How
to
induce
conference
of
Entertainement
.
BY
how
much
these
conferences
seem
least
necessary
,
by
so
much
the
skill
and
art
to
profit
by
them
is
the
more
laborious
,
the
which
notwithstanding
must
bee
exactly
kept
and
put
in
practise
for
the
benefit
which
followeth
therof
,
because
happily
these
open
more
the
way
to
Confidence
,
than
those
of
State
.
The
reason
is
,
because
these
being
induced
&
brought
in
by
choice
and
for
pleasure
,
bring
foorth
many
times
by
their
continuance
,
such
delight
and
sweetnesse
to
the
Prince
,
that
willingly
hee
riterates
the
same
,
and
by
little
and
little
,
laiing
aside
Princely
seuerity
,
begins
by
this
familiarity
to
proportionate
the
Courtiers
condition
neerer
to
that
of
his
state
,
and
in
time
breeds
a
disposition
to
participate
and
impart
vnto
him
many
things
,
and
so
successiuely
doth
enable
him
to
take
knowledge
of
his
most
secret
thoughts
;
either
hid
from
others
,
or
onely
knowne
by
reason
of
their
offices
,
not
by
free
election
of
good
liking
,
and
therefore
it
may
be
not
so
fully
imparted
.
Wherefore
occasion
of
such
conference
with
the
Prince
may
rise
,
either
of
his
owne
nature
,
who
will
daine
the
familiaritie
of
his
seruants
,
respectiuely
in
termes
and
degrees
to
the
one
and
other
conuenient
,
or
by
some
incident
occasion
,
as
time
and
place
affoordeth
many
,
or
by
the
Courtiers
qualities
.
And
surely
if
the
Prince
be
of
nature
conuersable
with
his
seruants
,
the
way
to
discourse
and
talke
with
him
will
bee
plaine
and
needs
no
art
at
all
:
since
either
himself
by
demanding
,
recounting
or
propounding
will
offer
occasion
of
entertainment
.
In
these
accidentall
conferences
there
can
no
rule
be
giuen
;
and
that
which
in
them
is
to
bee
aduertized
,
shall
be
noted
in
speaking
of
the
occasions
which
the
quality
of
the
Courtier
may
offer
,
whereof
wee
will
now
begin
to
treat
.
Since
then
these
speeches
are
brought
in
for
the
pleasure
and
entertainment
of
the
Prince
,
it
is
cleare
,
that
willingly
hee
would
passe
them
with
ciuill
and
well
speaking
persons
,
full
of
nouelties
and
pleasant
deuices
to
amplifie
and
prolong
a
discourse
.
To
be
Iouial
and
conceited
is
a
gift
of
nature
,
which
receiueth
little
helpe
by
arte
,
howbeit
many
haue
attempted
to
giue
precepts
of
vrbanity
and
merriment
.
The
disposition
also
and
ability
of
speaking
well
,
is
brought
likewise
from
the
mothers
wombe
,
but
heerein
without
all
doubt
Art
hath
a
speciall
share
,
since
that
if
by
a
glibbe
tongue
and
a
hot
temperature
of
the
braine
well
fraught
with
naturall
conceits
,
there
be
adioyned
a
knowledge
of
many
things
:
the
arte
of
apt
&
proper
speech
ioined
with
that
which
more
importeth
and
helpeth
iudgement
and
discretion
,
without
all
difficultie
he
will
prooue
commendable
and
excellent
in
discourse
.
Nouelties
are
gotten
by
curiositie
,
and
though
with
a
learned
Prince
,
doctrine
and
reading
be
great
helpers
heerunto
,
he
must
not
for
all
this
,
neglect
the
knowledge
of
such
things
as
daily
do
occur
,
aswell
within
as
without
his
dominions
,
so
that
the
matter
of
these
discourses
may
bee
sufficiently
ready
at
hand
;
because
the
disburdened
Prince
,
allured
by
such
like
qualities
will
take
occasion
to
discourse
with
him
for
the
time
he
shall
stand
free
from
greater
cares
.
But
for
that
it
is
no
lesse
necessary
to
offer
meat
vnto
the
queasie
and
weake
stomacks
for
natures
sustenance
,
than
to
the
hunger-starued
mawe
,
and
by
deuice
of
artificiall
smels
and
exquisite
delicacies
,
prouoke
their
appetites
:
the
prouident
Courtier
,
at
houres
most
fit
and
time
conuenient
,
be
it
either
after
meales
,
when
not
to
hinder
true
concoction
by
withdrawing
the
vitall
spirits
from
the
stomack
,
it
is
ouerruled
by
Physicke
,
that
for
a
while
our
minds
haue
leaue
to
play
,
or
at
some
other
time
when
hee
shall
spie
the
Prince
at
leisure
(
to
which
purpose
diligent
attendance
in
the
presence
much
importeth
)
hee
must
insinuate
and
mooue
some
of
those
things
which
hee
shall
find
most
apt
to
please
his
taste
and
giue
delight
,
which
if
he
once
perceiue
(
by
vacancy
of
greater
thoughts
)
hee
take
well
,
then
may
he
goe
on
safely
and
with
dexterity
glide
from
one
thing
to
another
as
commonly
is
vsed
in
long
talke
.
But
if
there
shall
bee
no
disposition
,
as
quickly
a
nimble
eied
Courtier
will
perceiue
,
noting
his
actions
,
bowed
downe
with
waighty
thoughts
,
or
silent
not
willing
to
answer
,
or
vsing
breuity
to
what
s
proposed
,
or
else
(
in
sum
)
to
chop
off
occasion
,
cut
off
multiplicity
of
words
,
then
,
husht
,
he
must
retire
,
and
look
for
better
opportunity
,
or
more
befitting
humour
in
the
Prince
,
or
seeke
some
accident
which
oftentimes
fals
out
,
either
by
some
flying
newes
,
or
chances
happening
in
the
city
,
court
or
other
countries
,
which
either
by
their
owne
nature
,
or
some
interest
which
hee
may
haue
in
them
may
giue
him
tast
or
moue
him
lend
an
eare
to
vnderstand
what
is
discoursed
or
variably
thought
abroad
.
CHAP.
XIX
.
The
order
that
must
be
kept
in
conferences
of
entertainment
.
IT
followeth
that
howsoeuer
there
bee
an
induction
of
these
conferences
,
to
aduertise
the
Courtier
what
hee
is
to
obserue
therein
,
to
make
profit
by
the
same
:
wherefore
we
say
,
that
the
scope
of
these
speeches
is
to
please
the
Prince
,
the
action
is
talke
,
hee
must
then
by
meanes
of
wordes
and
reasoning
endeuour
to
entertaine
&
delight
his
Prince
:
and
to
speak
generally
,
it
is
notorious
,
that
pleasantnesse
and
iesting
commonly
are
delightsome
,
though
it
bee
true
,
that
in
this
course
there
be
danger
of
slipping
into
scurrilitie
spurd
forward
by
that
vnbrideled
desire
of
ambition
,
to
see
the
Prince
rest
satisfied
without
delights
;
which
pernicious
blocke
by
al
meanes
must
bee
remoued
,
by
those
whose
aime
is
honour
and
reputation
,
because
the
profession
of
a
Iester
brings
with
it
too
base
and
ignoble
estimation
;
wherefore
it
is
necessarie
with
great
discretion
to
limit
bounds
vnto
this
merriment
.
Besides
the
report
of
news
and
occurrences
which
neither
molest
the
minde
,
nor
breed
any
trouble
for
any
interessed
affection
,
there
are
other
subiects
very
delightsome
in
these
discourses
&
conferences
,
whereof
the
pleasure
which
they
yeeld
giues
testimonie
:
which
is
not
alone
out
of
histories
,
but
out
of
Poets
and
well
digested
fictions
,
which
we
see
hearkened
vnto
and
read
with
greedinesse
.
But
because
the
condition
of
humane
nature
is
such
,
that
wee
are
not
all
of
one
relish
,
or
at
all
times
in
one
mood
(
as
wee
haue
oftentimes
said
)
it
importeth
very
much
to
know
the
Princes
inclination
,
and
more
particularly
his
humour
then
predominant
,
when
wee
are
to
speake
with
him
:
to
the
knowledge
whereof
the
accidents
of
that
day
,
the
matters
handled
,
or
the
reports
made
vnto
him
,
help
very
much
,
because
it
will
be
very
easie
to
accommodate
our
talke
vnto
his
taste
,
knowing
that
louers
willingly
talke
of
their
loue
(
but
this
with
a
caution
,
that
there
bee
no
circumstance
of
diffidence
or
distrust
which
may
remoue
his
minde
from
entrance
into
like
discourse
)
souldiers
of
warres
,
the
learned
of
letters
,
and
the
wrathfull
of
reuenge
&
iniurie
,
and
so
of
the
like
naturall
or
incidentall
qualities
and
humors
in
the
Prince
,
because
that
doing
thus
,
(
but
so
that
the
cunning
bee
couert
)
himselfe
will
minister
matter
of
discourse
and
be
delighted
to
enlarge
the
same
:
yet
must
you
vnderstand
that
these
obseruations
are
meet
in
cases
of
recreation
and
pleasure
,
because
in
those
of
griefe
and
sorrow
(
besides
that
these
were
seruiceable
for
introduction
)
the
minde
afflicted
would
affoord
more
ease
;
for
sorrow
seemes
to
bee
succoured
by
breathing
foorth
her
woes
.
But
you
must
herein
deuise
with
iudgement
and
dexterous
regard
,
either
how
to
diuert
and
turne
these
troubled
thoughts
of
the
Prince
some
other
way
,
by
application
of
things
more
pleasing
,
if
at
least
you
see
him
not
willing
to
persist
therein
,
or
else
to
giue
him
some
shew
that
you
condole
&
haue
a
feeling
of
his
sufferance
,
or
by
continuing
it
,
if
you
see
the
Prince
bee
so
pleased
,
because
the
power
and
will
to
prosecute
,
cut
off
,
or
change
a
speech
vpon
euery
subiect
and
in
euery
case
,
is
properly
the
Princes
due
,
the
Courtier
being
bound
to
second
him
and
follow
where
his
wil
in
conference
shall
lead
the
way
;
for
otherwise
there
would
follow
contrary
effects
to
his
desires
,
it
being
very
well
knowen
,
that
the
minde
doth
no
lesse
abhor
to
reason
of
these
things
wherunto
the
will
doth
not
incline
,
than
to
worke
or
execute
any
thing
forced
and
against
the
will
.
CHAP.
XX.
Of
praise
and
flatterie
.
AMongst
all
the
things
that
can
be
obserued
to
be
plesing
vnto
any
man
with
whom
we
shall
conferre
,
there
is
none
of
more
efficacie
or
greater
force
than
Commendation
or
Praise
,
whereof
an
excellent
Greeke
giues
good
testimonie
,
who
being
demaunded
what
communication
of
al
other
best
pleased
him
,
auerred
with
an
asseueration
,
That
which
contained
his
commendations
,
whereof
the
Courtier
must
take
notice
to
obserue
the
same
euen
till
hee
come
to
the
confines
of
Flattery
,
framing
to
himselfe
this
maxime
&
assured
rule
,
that
Commendations
,
or
in
defect
thereof
as
wanting
matter
praise-worthy
,
an
easie
flatterie
is
necessarie
to
whomsoeuer
serueth
.
And
although
in
Tacitus
,
Courtiers
art
.
I
meane
not
now
that
by
an
abiect
and
base
flatterie
he
should
insinuate
himselfe
into
the
Princes
fauor
,
since
he
must
haue
his
eie
alwaies
fixed
on
the
marke
he
aimeth
at
,
which
is
credit
,
and
honourable
reputation
,
which
neuer
ioyne
in
companie
with
flatterie
,
Tacitus
,
turpe
crimen
seruitutis
inest
,
there
is
the
foule
sinne
of
seruitude
.
But
it
is
necessary
to
walke
vpon
such
paths
,
as
hardly
will
bee
found
by
him
who
takes
not
for
his
guide
before
he
enters
in
,
a
grounded
iudgement
to
discourse
on
them
.
Wherefore
I
thinke
it
worth
the
while
,
and
not
superfluous
to
speake
some
thing
of
this
matter
for
the
full
instructions
of
our
Courtier
;
yet
because
we
can
discourse
of
nothing
,
nor
giue
rules
,
if
first
wee
know
not
what
our
subiect
is
,
we
hold
it
fit
to
begin
vpon
this
ground
,
saying
,
that
Adulation
generally
is
an
honour
,
which
either
deseruedly
or
vndeseruedly
is
giuen
by
the
inferior
vnto
the
superior
,
to
the
end
to
please
him
for
his
owne
benefit
or
interest
.
And
this
for
the
present
shall
bee
the
definition
,
the
which
wee
leaue
to
examine
as
not
proper
to
this
place
,
and
only
tie
the
consideration
to
our
purpose
:
wee
say
also
that
commendations
or
praise
is
an
honour
done
with
wordes
,
and
vnder
this
kinde
flatterie
is
contained
,
whereof
we
must
speake
in
this
place
,
supposing
it
to
be
a
false
praise
amplified
,
to
the
end
aforesaid
,
the
which
because
it
is
little
to
purpose
in
this
our
treatise
,
we
will
heere
serue
our
turnes
only
with
the
first
part
,
wherein
the
most
inward
and
essentiall
nature
thereof
is
contained
,
that
is
,
that
it
is
a
Commendation
:
then
will
wee
examine
the
differences
,
which
are
false
or
amplified
.
Insomuch
then
as
it
is
Praise
or
Commendation
,
it
is
necessary
that
it
fall
vpon
some
good
part
in
the
Prince
,
since
the
obiect
of
praise
is
good
parts
.
The
good
parts
(
because
it
is
now
no
time
to
play
the
Phylosopher
)
wee
say
are
of
three
sorts
,
of
the
minde
,
the
body
,
and
the
externall
.
The
good
parts
of
the
minde
are
vertue
and
the
naturall
powers
and
faculties
,
because
we
doe
not
onely
praise
temperance
,
fortitude
,
liberalitie
,
&c.
but
a
pregnant
and
quicke
vnderstanding
,
a
vigilant
and
prouident
minde
;
and
because
these
are
sometimes
the
efficient
cause
,
or
cause
conseruant
of
the
outward
parts
,
it
followeth
that
praising
the
externall
parts
wee
commend
also
the
causes
of
them
.
But
to
conclude
,
the
principall
commendations
and
most
of
all
to
be
desired
,
is
that
of
the
vertues
of
the
mind
:
true
it
is
that
these
are
not
of
all
men
alike
prised
and
esteemed
,
there
being
many
who
had
rather
be
commended
for
wealth
,
power
and
honour
,
than
for
wisedome
,
magnanimity
and
beneficence
;
nay
there
be
some
so
blind
of
vnderstanding
,
that
had
rather
be
accompted
faire
,
comely
,
agile
and
gallant
of
body
,
than
more
or
as
learned
as
Aristotle
,
or
eloquent
as
Cicero
;
and
who
doubteth
but
that
it
was
more
gratefull
and
pleasing
to
Nero
the
praise
of
his
singing
than
whatsoeuer
other
commendation
either
of
temperance
,
modesty
or
iustice
?
And
questionlesse
if
any
man
should
take
vpon
him
to
adde
vnto
the
female
sex
,
all
those
commendations
and
applauses
,
that
pleasing
eloquence
could
figure
or
paint
out
,
but
would
abate
their
beauty
out
of
it
,
I
thinke
there
is
none
but
knowes
,
how
welcome
and
how
gratefull
such
honor
should
be
to
any
woman
.
Wherefore
though
the
true
and
reall
commendations
is
principally
to
be
attributed
to
the
aboue
named
good
parts
,
it
is
notwithstanding
very
necessary
,
if
the
courtier
will
commend
with
profit
&
to
be
pleasing
,
that
he
praise
that
whereunto
he
sees
the
Prince
most
inclined
and
best
to
satisfie
himselfe
,
vrging
this
as
a
thing
of
most
speciall
importance
,
aiding
himselfe
,
with
the
knowledge
of
his
nature
,
custome
and
inclination
.
There
is
yet
an
other
aduertisement
of
great
consequence
,
for
the
better
vnderstanding
whereof
we
say
thus
,
that
it
is
cleere
,
praise
and
commendation
is
naturally
desired
of
euery
man
,
the
reason
is
,
because
there
is
in
all
men
an
innated
desire
of
perfection
,
the
which
not
alone
in
it selfe
is
most
acceptable
and
gratefull
,
but
with
a
particular
pleasure
makes
those
things
to
bee
receiued
which
giue
testimony
thereof
,
no
otherwise
,
than
as
we
see
,
that
the
comming
to
passe
of
such
things
which
we
haue
longingly
desired
,
not
only
to
be
pleasing
vnto
vs
,
but
withall
,
euen
the
messenger
of
such
newes
is
very
acceptable
,
and
oftentimes
munificently
rewarded
for
his
tidings
:
and
therefore
by
the
same
reason
whosoeuer
commendeth
vs
,
as
a
witnesse
of
our
perfection
,
is
beloued
of
vs
.
But
as
in
all
ratifications
false
testimonies
are
by
vs
greatly
hated
,
in
like
manner
are
vntrue
commendours
,
who
once
knowen
for
such
,
doe
highly
displease
vs
,
because
we
seeme
not
to
receiue
commendations
or
testimony
of
any
perfection
,
which
we
know
to
be
farre
from
vs
,
but
rather
an
vpbraiding
that
wee
are
not
such
as
they
would
make
vs
seeme
to
bee
;
besides
the
deformity
of
the
falshood
which
is
discouered
in
them
,
whereupon
we
gather
the
small
confidence
that
wee
may
giue
vnto
them
in
any
other
thing
,
as
false
and
mendacious
,
besides
the
disgrace
they
fall
into
,
as
base
and
vulgar
persons
.
Of
all
this
thus
much
may
be
gathered
,
that
we
must
not
only
be
considerate
in
commending
,
not
to
incur
suspition
of
falshood
,
but
withall
that
it
is
not
alwaies
true
that
Galba
is
reported
to
say
in
Tacitus
,
But
because
what
hath
beene
said
hitherto
,
consisteth
in
the
credit
and
testimony
that
the
person
of
the
Prince
and
his
vertues
or
good
parts
do
yeeld
,
we
must
no
lesse
consider
how
to
draw
some
beleefe
and
trust
from
the
person
of
the
Courtier
:
and
surely
there
is
faith
giuen
to
such
whom
wee
take
to
bee
of
a
free
and
open
nature
and
who
make
shew
of
that
in
speech
which
is
within
the
inclosure
of
their
heart
.
This
opinion
is
particularly
gotten
by
reprehending
,
for
whosoeeuer
falsely
commendeth
,
doth
it
(
as
we
haue
said
)
for
his
owne
profit
;
but
who
freely
reprooueth
,
sheweth
he
hath
no
minde
of
other
respect
or
interest
,
neither
will
by
curring
fauour
giue
place
a
iot
from
his
true
meaning
.
Wherefore
an
ingenuous
and
free
reprehension
is
alwaies
accompanied
with
credit
&
authority
.
T
is
true
that
in
this
particular
we
must
remember
this
maxime
,
CHAP.
XXI
.
Of
the
soundings
and
trials
which
Princes
sometimes
vse
with
their
Courtiers
.
SVch
is
the
maner
then
to
praise
,
and
such
the
rule
to
temper
your
conference
vnto
the
Princes
taste
,
the
which
by
often
giuing
occasion
therof
,
opens
the
passage
to
make
a
large
progresse
into
his
fauour
,
for
that
the
speech
being
a
speciall
testimonie
of
our
other
vertues
and
abilities
,
if
happely
he
take
a
pleasure
in
talking
with
his
Courtier
,
and
finde
sufficiencie
and
aptnesse
in
him
of
performance
of
such
things
which
doe
concerne
him
neere
,
it
is
not
vnlikely
but
hee
may
imploy
him
in
the
same
,
whereby
he
may
obteine
some
extraordinarie
grace
,
because
some
time
such
seruices
are
committed
,
which
cause
a
full
possession
of
an
entire
confidence
;
and
such
particularly
are
the
excesses
or
extreames
of
some
affections
:
As
of
ambition
in
procuring
some
high
degree
of
honour
;
or
of
couetousnesse
,
gaping
after
gaine
,
or
of
wrath
,
thirsting
for
immoderate
reuenge
,
or
of
loue
,
longing
impatiently
for
the
fruition
thereof
:
And
these
I
note
but
for
the
present
,
as
principall
affections
and
passions
,
in
the
which
who
is
imploied
may
without
great
difficultie
ouerrule
&
triumph
in
the
fauour
of
his
Prince
.
But
this
fals
out
most
commonly
in
some
amorous
motion
,
that
is
,
because
this
affection
straying
farther
then
any
other
,
from
the
pathway
of
reason
,
of
necessitie
there
riseth
more
exorbitant
accidents
,
either
because
they
are
more
potent
in
disturbing
,
whereby
with
a
greater
ardencie
the
obiect
is
desired
:
or
because
seldome
it
fals
out
,
that
the
pleasure
&
possession
of
the
partie
beloued
,
can
be
obteined
without
some
actions
,
which
disrobing
the
Prince
of
decency
and
decorum
,
make
him
fashion
himselfe
to
the
condition
of
the
Courtier
,
in
such
sort
that
there
followeth
a
familiaritie
as
betweene
equals
.
And
true
it
is
,
that
these
performances
not
falling
vnder
the
bond
of
seruitude
,
and
there
following
necessarily
an
election
or
choice
,
they
are
not
sleightly
committed
as
the
other
seruices
which
are
ordinarie
and
of
dutie
,
but
with
a
carefull
regard
&
a
precedent
knowledge
of
the
intention
,
which
the
Courtier
hath
to
performe
and
execute
the
same
:
whereupon
the
circumspect
Prince
finding
him
an
apt
instrument
for
his
desire
,
resoluing
to
lay
the
burden
of
the
businesse
on
his
confidence
,
will
proue
and
feele
by
conference
,
if
hee
commanding
shall
finde
him
ready
and
obsequious
:
and
this
is
done
by
some
with
more
,
by
some
with
lesse
aduisednesse
,
according
to
the
iudgement
&
dexteritie
of
the
agent
,
whereupon
it
followeth
,
that
hauing
these
emploiments
,
it
is
a
most
easie
,
and
an
assued
entry
into
the
possession
of
desired
grace
:
It
is
also
very
necessary
iudiciously
to
enable
your selfe
to
vnderstand
his
very
signes
and
beckes
(
things
which
arte
cannot
instruct
without
a
naturall
perceuerance
)
and
those
conceaued
,
to
make
that
profit
of
them
that
belongeth
.
But
because
Princes
many
times
speak
not
that
sincerely
nor
from
within
,
which
outwardly
in
talk
they
make
a
shew
of
,
but
rather
to
sound
and
vndermine
the
nature
and
qualitie
of
their
seruants
,
make
their
triall
by
seuerall
meanes
;
it
is
a
thing
of
speciall
note
therefore
,
to
be
heerein
well
aduised
,
and
able
to
perceiue
when
the
Prince
reasoneth
sincerely
,
&
when
couertly
,
for
the
better
knowledge
wherof
I
hold
the
discourse
following
not
vnprofitable
.
CHAP.
XXII
.
Meanes
how
to
distinguish
and
come
to
the
knowledge
of
these
trials
.
IF
these
assaies
shall
be
made
by
Princes
of
small
experience
,
it
will
bee
no
great
labour
for
the
Courtier
to
discouer
them
,
but
because
wee
haue
presupposed
he
is
to
deale
with
a
person
circumspect
and
caurelous
,
we
say
,
that
the
first
difficultie
is
,
to
haue
a
feeling
that
he
is
felt
,
or
rather
to
vnderstand
and
peize
the
full
waight
and
meaning
of
euery
word
the
Prince
shall
speake
,
it
being
cleere
,
that
discourses
to
this
end
,
will
passe
vailed
vnder
figuratiue
and
ambiguous
speeches
,
not
much
vnlike
to
Oracles
,
concluding
with
such
obscuritie
and
clowdinesse
,
that
the
disciphering
and
conceit
of
them
wil
be
very
difficil
to
him
whom
nature
hath
not
giuen
a
wit
more
pregnant
,
sharpe
and
prouident
,
than
to
the
ordinarie
.
Wherefore
this
first
point
falls
out
within
the
compasse
of
our
arte
,
because
to
be
heedy
&
watchfull
,
is
not
a
thing
that
precepts
can
affoord
,
if
nature
list
not
to
be
bountifull
.
But
vnderstanding
the
force
of
the
wordes
,
and
perceiuing
this
treaty
is
but
to
tempt
,
Art
herein
may
yeeld
great
help
,
in
discouery
betweene
a
true
and
fained
triall
,
that
is
,
which
of
them
the
Prince
doth
to
the
end
to
vse
the
Courtiers
helpe
therein
,
if
happily
he
accept
the
charge
,
and
which
of
them
,
but
for
discouerie
of
his
inclinations
and
affections
.
First
therfore
when
the
Prince
purposeth
but
to
feele
or
vndermine
,
his
desire
is
onely
the
knowledge
of
the
Courtiers
intentions
,
whereupon
because
he
hath
the
greater
interest
,
he
doth
it
with
the
more
regard
and
lesse
feare
,
but
hauing
a
minde
actually
to
command
and
impose
some
charge
from
which
the
Courtier
may
perchance
retire
himselfe
,
hee
tries
him
then
more
bashfully
and
more
warily
:
heereof
it
follows
that
these
Soundings
are
made
with
more
circumspection
and
more
obscuritie
,
so
that
not
finding
the
foord
pasable
,
it
shall
be
in
the
Princes
power
to
step
backe
without
danger
of
discouerie
.
The
other
Vnderminings
which
are
vndertaken
by
distimulation
,
&
falsly
,
are
only
done
to
winne
the
knowledge
of
the
Courtiers
nature
,
albeit
they
are
no
lesse
by
a
wise
Prince
to
be
handled
with
great
dexteritie
&
arte
;
yet
because
the
impulsiue
cause
bindes
not
so
much
,
they
are
done
somewhat
more
plainlie
.
This
is
then
a
probable
signe
how
to
distinguish
of
like
soundings
or
trials
.
But
who
would
doe
it
yet
more
exactly
,
it
is
necessary
he
consider
foure
things
,
that
is
,
the
nature
and
inclination
of
the
Prince
,
the
quality
of
the
thing
,
whereof
the
taste
is
giuen
,
the
present
occasion
in
respect
of
the
Prince
,
and
the
actions
by
himselfe
committed
in
that
Court
.
How
to
come
to
the
Princes
nature
and
inclination
(
vnlesse
I
be
deceiued
)
hath
sufficiently
in
his
place
beene
declared
before
.
To
vnderstand
the
qualitie
of
the
thing
,
cannot
bee
of
that
difficulty
,
that
there
should
neede
many
precepts
,
and
lesse
doth
it
belong
to
this
arte
to
set
them
down
,
but
thus
much
may
be
said
,
that
the
nature
and
quality
of
the
thing
being
perfectly
knowen
,
wee
must
conferre
the
same
with
the
propensity
and
inclination
of
the
Prince
,
meditating
whether
any
such
disposition
may
in
any
likely-hood
,
ingender
in
him
such
a
cogitation
or
desire
of
the
same
or
such
like
thing
.
For
example
,
who
knowing
the
nature
of
the
Prince
to
bee
sterne
,
seuere
,
temperatly
giuen
to
his
affairs
,
abhorring
&
detesting
lasciuious
pleasures
,
should
finde
him
make
a
triall
in
motion
,
of
amorous
thoughts
and
passions
of
loue
;
might
well
suspect
this
motion
to
bee
false
,
for
that
comparing
the
cause
with
the
nature
of
the
Prince
,
he
should
not
finde
that
sympathie
or
correspondence
that
belongs
.
Howbeit
to
this
consideration
,
it
were
fit
to
ioyne
that
of
accidents
or
occasions
,
because
many
times
a
naturall
disposition
by
some
euent
or
other
chance
,
may
be
so
changed
,
that
who
hath
not
speciall
regard
thereunto
shall
often
be
deceiued
:
as
if
to
a
Prince
of
a
quiet
pleasing
nature
,
forgetfull
of
wrongs
,
there
were
some
notable
iniury
offered
whereby
hee
should
bee
much
ingaged
or
stained
in
reputation
,
if
hee
should
not
by
his
best
indeuours
procure
reuenge
,
or
were
it
for
some
other
speciall
cause
he
must
put
on
reuenge
;
hee
should
bee
mightily
deceiued
,
who
either
not
knowing
,
or
not
aduertising
such
accidents
should
ground
his
iudgement
only
in
comparing
of
the
thing
,
that
is
,
reuenge
,
with
the
nature
of
the
Prince
:
Wherefore
the
knowledge
of
occasions
and
of
accidents
which
intercur
,
is
very
necessary
for
distinction
of
these
feeling
motions
.
And
this
may
be
obteined
by
a
curious
obseruation
,
the
which
(
leauing
as
impertinent
to
search
the
secrets
of
his
Prince
)
as
a
most
profitable
quality
is
highly
to
bee
commended
in
the
Courtier
,
for
by
knowing
many
things
;
he
shall
with
the
more
facility
take
the
better
resolutions
in
many
cases
.
And
therefore
we
may
not
let
slip
in
his
fit
place
to
set
downe
the
meanes
how
with
ease
to
come
to
the
knowledge
of
all
that
is
done
and
said
in
Court
.
The
consideration
of
the
Courtiers
proper
actions
,
is
also
no
lesse
needfull
in
this
distinction
,
for
that
either
they
are
such
,
as
easily
discouer
his
inward
affections
and
naturall
inclinations
,
&
are
taken
as
open
and
free
,
or
else
such
as
giue
a
shew
of
dissimulation
,
and
seeme
not
of
themselues
sufficient
to
discouer
his
intentions
.
Who
then
hath
shewed
himselfe
free
and
plaine
,
hath
no
reason
to
suspect
that
he
is
felt
or
vndermined
,
for
his
minde
or
dispositions
sake
already
presupposed
to
bee
knowen
by
his
actions
;
but
rather
to
finde
how
he
is
inclined
in
the
acceptance
or
refusall
of
the
execution
of
that
charge
which
may
be
imposed
vpon
him
.
On
the
other
side
,
who
hath
carried
himselfe
circumspectly
,
hath
more
reason
to
beleeue
that
the
Prince
doth
sound
him
,
to
finde
the
depth
of
his
conceits
and
humour
;
yet
heere
we
may
not
let
to
say
,
but
that
these
plaine
and
open
Courtiers
may
be
tasted
too
,
either
in
things
wherin
they
are
already
known
as
inclining
and
disposed
,
or
in
their
contraries
.
In
those
then
wherin
their
diisposition
is
already
knowen
,
it
is
most
true
,
these
trials
cannot
be
for
their
discouery
,
but
it
may
well
fall
out
in
that
which
is
the
contrary
,
because
though
it
seeme
very
probable
,
that
the
contrary
disposition
takes
away
all
confidence
to
receiue
any
benefit
by
their
seruice
,
notwithstanding
,
who
is
in
a
longing
desire
,
vseth
by
all
circumstances
to
giue
his
hope
an
easie
passage
not
to
finde
a
contradiction
;
and
to
conclude
,
in
the
selfe
same
things
may
false
alarmes
and
trials
be
made
.
For
our
minde
being
so
full
of
lurking
corners
,
a
man
can
neuer
so
well
assure
himselfe
of
anothers
outward
thoughts
,
that
some
scruple
or
ambiguitie
will
not
still
remain
.
But
here
we
must
make
a
distinction
,
because
things
openly
professed
,
are
either
commendable
or
wicked
:
if
they
be
bad
,
t
is
plaine
,
that
for
such
we
must
take
the
disposition
of
the
courtier
that
professeth
them
,
as
his
actions
shew
for
;
for
he
should
be
too
great
an
ignorant
,
who
hauing
a
vertuous
bent
and
disposition
,
would
maske
it
with
a
shew
of
vice
and
wickednesse
,
neither
doth
ciuill
custome
suffer
it
,
as
our
Moralists
report
,
who
make
it
lawfull
to
the
Artizans
and
Mechanists
to
doe
their
worke
by
arte
or
without
arte
.
But
the
Artificer
of
maners
(
if
we
may
terme
it
so
)
must
neuer
chuse
to
doe
any
thing
contrary
to
vertue
;
for
otherwise
he
should
neuer
commendably
be
fashioned
.
Wherefore
who
openly
makes
shew
to
be
enclined
well
,
shall
neuer
falsly
be
attempted
in
his
owne
profession
:
yet
those
which
do
but
giue
a
taste
therof
(
as
hath
been
sayd
)
may
looke
for
triall
now
or
then
.
CHAP:
XXIII
.
What
the
Courtier
is
to
do
,
knowing
and
perceiuing
these
soundings
or
trials
.
AFter
the
warie
Courtier
shall
haue
conceiued
that
the
Princes
conference
was
only
induced
but
to
feele
his
pulse
,
or
bring
him
to
the
crucible
of
his
triall
;
and
next
,
whether
this
proofe
be
really
made
to
make
some
vse
of
him
,
or
but
to
see
of
what
mettle
he
is
made
:
it
resteth
to
set
downe
how
hee
is
to
gouerne
himselfe
fruitfully
to
make
profit
of
such
occasion
offered
.
Wee
say
then
,
that
by
what
already
hath
bene
said
,
it
is
well
knowen
to
what
actions
the
Courtiers
dutie
bindes
him
,
what
actions
are
not
conteined
within
the
same
,
&
what
are
directly
contrary
vnto
his
duty
.
Wherfore
ioyning
heereunto
another
distinction
,
that
is
,
of
false
or
true
trials
,
we
may
say
,
that
if
these
trials
be
known
for
false
,
falling
vpon
things
contrary
vnto
duty
in
that
kind
which
may
distaine
his
honour
,
there
is
no
doubt
but
resolutely
and
without
feare
of
offence
he
may
giue
the
repulse
,
denying
that
which
with
his
honour
hee
can
not
grant
vnto
,
and
which
hee
knoweth
not
if
seriouslie
motioned
or
desired
,
or
rather
it
should
be
much
to
the
purpose
,
to
shew
a
mind
abhorring
all
such
thoughts
.
But
this
is
when
you
know
you
are
to
deale
with
a
Prince
vertuously
addicted
:
for
if
otherwise
,
you
might
put
in
practise
the
rule
before
set
downe
,
of
fitting
your selfe
vnto
the
Princes
humour
,
shewing
your selfe
either
artificially
or
truely
to
be
like
vnto
him
.
And
this
may
you
doe
in
all
things
when
these
attempts
shall
be
made
for
discouerie
of
your
fashions
onely
;
sith
there
growing
no
effect
or
action
thereupon
,
there
will
be
no
danger
of
impeachment
in
honour
:
and
besides
,
you
shall
notably
gaine
the
beneuolence
and
fauour
of
the
Prince
by
this
conformity
of
thoughts
and
inclination
.
But
here
riseth
a
difficultie
,
whereunto
necessarilie
consideration
must
be
had
,
for
discouering
a
disposition
like
vnto
that
of
the
Prince
,
euen
in
matters
of
small
commendations
,
if
it
shall
giue
an
occasion
of
hope
,
that
the
Prince
resoluing
to
vse
the
helpe
of
the
Courtier
,
hee
might
easily
obteine
the
same
,
a
thing
which
following
,
in
effect
blotteth
and
staineth
the
authour
of
the
worke
,
and
denying
it
moues
a
disdaine
in
the
Commander
;
and
so
much
the
greater
,
perceiuing
himselfe
deceiued
by
the
Courtiers
false
dissembling
speech
.
On
the
other
side
,
to
shew
himselfe
farre
from
the
humour
of
the
Prince
,
is
not
answerable
to
that
discretion
which
hath
beene
said
,
must
be
vsed
therein
,
for
the
better
obteining
of
his
fauour
:
wherfore
it
seemeth
best
to
keepe
the
middle
path
,
neither
to
discouer
too
great
a
woonder
,
or
too
great
a
nicenesse
of
those
thoughts
which
we
shall
know
in
the
Prince
,
either
by
naturall
inclination
or
by
accident
;
and
no
lesse
altogether
to
seeme
so
pliable
and
conformable
(
particularly
in
those
which
are
awaited
on
with
little
credit
)
as
to
giue
him
hope
to
find
the
Courtier
at
his
pleasure
,
to
be
his
instrument
in
them
,
although
in
some
things
which
are
repugnant
to
his
proper
benefit
,
or
not
comprized
in
the
seruice
belonging
to
a
Courtier
,
hee
must
shew
himselfe
most
ready
,
and
more
desirous
of
the
Princes
satisfaction
,
than
whatsoeuer
profit
of
his
owne
.
But
if
the
feeling
motion
be
sincerely
made
to
vse
the
Courtier
as
a
minister
in
some
thing
,
wherein
he
is
not
compelled
to
discouer
his
own
nature
and
inclination
,
but
only
his
will
and
agreement
to
the
command
,
hee
must
in
this
also
distinguish
the
matter
and
the
subiect
;
for
if
the
command
light
on
commendable
actions
,
although
they
be
not
within
the
limits
of
his
duetie
,
but
meerely
contrary
vnto
his
profit
,
he
must
offer
himselfe
most
prone
and
willing
,
remembring
that
by
how
much
his
dudutie
extends
but
vnto
pettie
things
,
by
so
much
the
more
shall
be
oblige
the
Prince
to
be
answerable
in
loue
and
affection
,
since
bounden-duties
passe
but
for
paiment
,
but
seruices
not
due
,
haue
place
of
benefit
,
of
the
which
,
all
men
know
which
is
more
acceptable
.
But
all
the
difficulty
consisteth
in
the
resolution
of
that
which
ought
to
be
done
,
when
these
soundings
are
in
dishonorable
things
,
or
periudiciall
to
the
marke
or
scope
the
Courtier
chieflly
aimeth
at
,
in
which
case
there
is
more
lost
by
the
performance
,
than
can
be
got
by
honest
seruice
of
long
time
,
and
who
pulles
backe
his
aide
and
helpe
heerein
loseth
the
confidence
and
fauour
of
the
Prince
,
it
being
cleere
,
grauiorum
scelerum
,
non
modò
ministri
,
as
Tacitus
saith
,
sed
etiam
conscij
,
tanquam
exprobrantes
aspiciuntur
:
Not
onely
the
actors
of
great
wickednesses
,
but
such
as
were
but
made
acquainted
therewithall
,
are
looked
on
as
vpbraiders
of
the
same
,
and
that
especially
when
they
shall
deny
their
helpe
,
in
the
execution
whereof
wee
may
say
heerein
,
that
if
there
be
not
an
error
in
the
election
of
the
Prince
at
first
,
this
difficulty
will
not
happen
,
because
seruing
of
a
vertuous
lord
there
is
no
cause
to
feare
commandements
leaning
to
dishonesty
.
But
yet
when
either
by
the
foresaid
error
,
or
by
other
accident
,
you
shall
finde
your selfe
in
so
doubtfull
a
case
of
counsell
;
then
must
the
honorable
Courtier
by
force
of
the
obstinate
anchor
of
vertuous
purposes
,
resist
the
blasts
of
his
Princes
bad
perswasions
or
commands
,
considering
,
that
,
by
obeying
him
,
his
assured
losse
should
far
exceed
the
estimate
of
any
gaine
,
which
hee
might
looke
for
by
his
grace
:
yet
will
I
not
leaue
to
giue
aduertisment
here
,
that
in
this
iudgement
of
the
actions
which
may
seeme
contrary
to
his
purpose
,
or
hurtfull
,
or
of
small
reputation
,
the
Courtier
must
not
with
too
seuere
a
censure
or
a
piercing
eie
examine
or
behold
the
same
,
since
many
things
are
permitted
and
sufferable
vnder
the
necessity
of
seruice
,
so
that
they
are
not
tainted
with
that
turpitude
or
ill
,
being
not
performed
by
a
free
and
willing
choice
,
or
at
least
,
not
with
more
then
easily
may
bee
washt
away
,
by
the
greatnesse
of
the
benefits
,
which
by
the
Princes
fauour
are
many
times
obtained
:
whereby
it
is
cleere
,
these
scrupulous
&
nice
Courtiers
can
neuer
procure
confidence
,
sith
he
merits
no
fauor
,
that
is
so
much
friend
to
his
owne
commodity
,
that
he
will
not
at
least
breake
a
little
of
the
stocke
,
but
after
a
most
miserable
rate
,
will
spend
no
more
then
meere
necessity
constrains
him
to
.
To
conclude
,
I
must
say
that
all
sinnes
are
not
mortall
,
and
that
to
the
dutie
of
seruice
so
much
is
pardonable
,
as
may
for
the
pleasure
and
seruice
of
his
Prince
bee
done
in
some
things
,
if
not
honorable
,
at
least
without
such
note
of
infamy
,
as
in
a
person
at
full
liberty
could
not
be
born
out
without
passing
censure
or
incurring
blame
.
Which
these
are
,
cannot
particularly
be
pointed
at
,
but
the
iudicious
Courtier
by
himselfe
may
well
conceiue
them
,
and
chiefly
since
the
worthinesse
and
waight
of
all
actions
consisteth
in
the
verdict
and
opinion
of
men
.
So
that
by
what
is
commonly
blamed
in
other
which
doe
serue
,
either
for
denying
with
too
great
seuerity
,
or
too
too
gently
granting
and
assenting
to
the
prince
he
may
easily
know
what
arts
of
seruice
are
truely
to
bee
denied
,
and
wherin
securely
he
may
please
and
giue
satisfaction
to
his
Lord
.
But
when
they
are
vnbeseeming
and
vnfit
to
be
put
in
practice
,
whosoeuer
doth
more
esteeme
his
honour
and
reputation
,
(
before
the
which
(
vertue
excepted
)
there
is
nothing
amongst
men
more
estimable
)
than
his
Princes
fauour
,
ought
,
at
least
,
if
not
stoutly
and
boldly
,
yet
reseruing
tearmes
of
modesty
and
regard
due
betweene
parties
of
vnequality
,
deny
to
be
actor
or
minister
therein
,
annexing
to
this
deniall
notwithstandding
all
obsequious
and
humble
duty
that
words
can
afford
for
iust
excuse
,
to
smooth
and
sweeten
as
much
as
may
be
,
the
bitternesse
which
commonly
doth
follow
such
repulses
,
resoluing
firmly
in
his
mind
,
that
for
what
soeuer
hope
of
benefit
,
to
stand
immoueable
in
his
commendable
purpose
,
to
doe
or
act
nothing
that
may
be
preiudiciall
or
staine
to
his
reputation
,
hoping
rather
that
this
might
finde
such
force
in
the
Princes
minde
,
of
a
well
inclined
nature
,
a
magnanimous
&
generous
spirit
,
that
euen
inamoured
with
the
approoued
goodnesse
of
his
Courtier
,
hee
will
fashion
him
vnto
his
loue
,
and
that
which
should
haue
beene
a
cause
of
hate
may
bee
the
beginning
of
good
will
and
fauour
;
a
thing
which
though
rarely
happening
,
yet
is
it
possible
,
and
sometimes
comes
to
passe
.
Yet
if
this
repulse
take
his
true
and
vsuall
course
,
so
that
the
Prince
indeede
conceiue
a
hatred
against
the
courtier
,
either
because
hee
found
him
not
resolute
and
prompt
in
that
seruice
,
as
he
expected
,
or
for
knowing
of
it
better
then
himselfe
,
&
so
by
consequence
more
woorthy
of
his
fortunes
or
his
place
,
or
else
as
hath
been
said
before
,
because
grauiorum
facinorum
non
solùm
ministri
,
sed
etiam
conscij
quasi
exprobrantes
aspiciuntur
.
Then
,
he
perceiuing
the
Princes
slight
regard
and
little
fauour
,
it
should
be
fit
to
take
such
course
for
remedy
,
as
we
heereafter
in
such
cases
shall
set
downe
.
CHAP.
XXIIII
.
Of
the
subsidiary
aids
and
meanes
to
obteine
the
Princes
fauour
.
HItherto
hath
beene
declared
,
as
I
suppose
,
so
much
as
a
prouident
,
carefull
&
wise
Courtier
may
worke
of
himselfe
,
to
the
end
to
obteine
his
Princes
fauour
.
And
surely
,
if
he
shall
obserue
these
precepts
,
seasoned
with
that
discretion
which
the
effecting
of
an
enterprise
(
for
many
respects
)
so
difficult
and
laborious
doth
require
,
it
should
be
much
and
very
strange
,
if
he
procure
not
what
he
hath
proposed
,
since
this
alone
and
none
other
seemeth
the
beaten
way
,
which
most
securely
will
leade
vs
to
the
possession
of
anothers
fauour
,
the
which
yet
if
it
should
be
thought
impregnable
and
inuincible
by
our
proper
forces
,
it
is
necessarie
to
call
in
aid
vnto
this
assault
,
some
voluntarie
succours
,
seeking
to
procure
that
victorie
by
others
meanes
,
which
by
our
owne
labor
hardly
we
could
haue
purchased
,
to
the
end
we
let
slip
no
meanes
,
or
leaue
any
thing
vnattempted
which
may
seeme
profitable
any
wayes
vnto
our
purpose
.
Who
therefore
by
himselfe
can
not
attaine
his
Princes
fauour
,
let
him
procure
it
by
some
other
aids
:
but
it
is
requisit
that
these
stand
graced
with
the
Prince
.
Wherefore
there
are
three
sorts
of
persons
who
seeme
apt
vnto
this
vse
;
the
Princes
kindred
,
his
friends
,
his
fauoured
seruants
.
Of
all
these
we
must
distinctlie
speake
apart
,
to
the
end
the
profit
may
be
knowen
,
that
may
be
drawen
from
them
,
and
what
aduertisements
are
fit
to
be
obserued
,
that
his
labor
may
fruitfully
be
employed
,
and
bring
forth
that
effect
which
is
desired
,
it
being
notorious
,
that
all
things
(
saue
vertue
only
)
may
be
either
well
or
ill
vsed
;
wherfore
it
is
needfull
to
be
skilfull
in
the
arte
and
vse
of
euery
one
,
so
that
they
may
be
vsed
conformable
to
that
our
chiefest
scope
doth
most
require
.
It
must
not
therfore
be
thought
superfluous
to
entreat
of
these
meanes
or
helps
,
because
in
the
practise
there
do
occurre
many
things
worthy
speciall
consideration
,
which
being
vnknowen
,
their
aid
should
be
to
smal
profit
,
or
greater
detriment
of
the
Courtier
which
shall
vse
them
:
And
because
the
instrument
of
greatest
force
and
efficacie
,
in
all
reason
,
is
that
of
the
kindred
,
as
most
neere
vnto
the
Prince
both
by
the
law
of
God
&
Nature
;
in
the
second
place
is
that
of
friends
,
and
in
the
last
,
the
Courtiers
or
fauoured
seruants
:
in
the
same
ranke
wee
will
treat
of
them
,
beginning
with
the
kindred
first
.
CHAP.
XXV
.
Of
the
helpe
which
may
be
drawen
from
the
Princes
kindred
for
procurement
of
his
fauour
.
IT
is
a
work
of
nature
not
only
to
loue
those
vnto
whom
by
neerenesse
of
bloud
she
hath
conioned
vs
,
but
those
withall
who
are
by
them
beloued
;
wherefore
if
the
Prince
by
this
disposition
bee
not
induced
to
entertaine
the
Courtier
into
his
seruice
,
at
least
the
fauour
of
these
kindred
may
giue
occasision
thereof
,
who
vsing
him
in
affaires
which
happely
they
haue
in
common
with
the
Prince
,
may
by
little
and
little
insinuate
and
promote
him
into
his
seruice
,
or
finally
they
may
prefer
him
by
intercession
and
mediation
,
which
iustly
may
be
held
of
so
much
efficacie
as
the
condition
of
the
party
requiring
the
same
is
thought
of
worth
,
wherby
the
Courtier
oftentimes
in
verie
short
space
attaines
to
that
which
by
a
long
course
of
seruice
by
himselfe
he
should
hardly
procure
:
besides
to
bee
sheltred
vnder
the
fauor
of
the
kindred
is
a
cause
of
his
speciall
reputation
in
the
Court
,
through
the
abilitie
hee
may
haue
by
meanes
of
them
to
hurt
his
enemies
,
and
helpe
his
friends
and
confidents
.
This
then
is
profit
,
which
by
the
fauour
of
the
Princes
kindred
,
may
with
great
likelihood
bee
expected
.
But
because
so
it
hath
pleased
God
almost
in
all
things
to
make
an
intermixture
of
the
good
with
the
badde
,
and
of
profit
with
his
contrarie
,
that
he
might
bee
the
more
commendable
,
who
with
discretion
can
make
a
difference
,
or
wisely
make
his
choice
,
wee
must
heerein
consider
some
things
,
the
which
either
neglected
or
not
aduerted
may
turne
to
the
great
preiudice
of
the
Courtier
.
Wee
saie
then
that
the
Princes
kindred
are
either
men
or
women
,
and
both
the
one
and
the
other
are
either
yoong
or
of
competent
age
:
As
for
the
women
if
they
be
of
tender
and
fresh
yeeres
,
by
familiarity
with
them
first
groweth
suspition
,
which
of
it selfe
were
cause
sufficient
of
the
Courtiers
ouerthrow
,
and
chiefly
by
the
occasion
,
which
is
offred
to
the
enuious
to
misinterpret
actions
in
so
perillous
a
matter
,
and
by
suggestions
still
to
giue
greater
cause
of
doubt
.
Besides
this
(
howbeit
,
I
presuppose
the
Courtier
of
honorable
carriage
,
and
friend
to
right
,
and
therefore
well
resolued
in
himselfe
)
if
wee
must
abstaine
from
other
mens
wiues
or
women
,
it
is
much
more
required
towards
those
who
are
naturally
conioined
to
the
Prince
in
bloud
;
yet
for
all
this
,
experience
maketh
it
too
plaine
,
that
euen
the
most
austerely
minded
,
&
most
firme
and
strongly
setled
in
their
purposes
,
haue
oftentimes
giuen
place
to
the
enticements
of
alluring
occasions
:
and
surely
he
who
knowes
not
how
much
the
practises
of
a
beautious
Dame
may
entender
and
mollifie
the
hardened
minde
of
a
man
not
yet
surcharged
with
maturitie
,
giues
signe
of
little
knowledge
in
the
worldes
affaires
,
chiefly
adding
to
natural
inclination
,
a
little
spurre
of
ambitious
vanitie
,
seeing
also
that
a
man
may
easily
bee
enticed
by
the
occasion
that
fortune
giues
,
so
neerely
to
intrinsecate
himselfe
with
persons
so
farre
aboue
the
reach
of
his
condition
,
to
strengthen
and
vnite
the
hopes
which
happely
by
such
like
meanes
they
may
conceaue
;
as
we
see
in
Seianus
,
who
by
the
entrie
and
opportunitie
which
the
familiaritie
of
Drusus
wife
gaue
him
,
grew
so
confident
to
plot
the
death
of
the
innocent
husband
,
how
to
obteine
her
to
his
wife
,
and
to
be
successor
in
in
the
Empire
of
Rome
,
things
which
most
easely
,
though
most
wickedly
,
fall
in
imagination
,
but
most
speciall
where
the
woman
may
be
the
instrument
,
whose
honour
once
obtained
,
all
things
else
are
easily
entreated
;
Now
as
concerning
the
menkinde
;
if
they
be
of
yong
yeers
,
and
subiect
to
the
errors
which
the
heat
of
youth
and
vnexperiency
of
manie
things
doth
bring
with
it
,
it
is
not
amisse
to
abstaine
from
conuersing
with
them
,
or
at
least
not
ouermuch
;
for
if
they
performe
any
thing
iudiciously
and
praise
worthie
,
it
is
attributed
to
the
good
disposition
of
their
nature
,
and
euery
one
(
a
common
accident
to
those
of
high
degree
,
and
Fortunes
fauourites
)
applaud
and
giue
the
praise
alone
to
them
:
but
if
they
chance
to
slip
awrie
or
erre
in
any
thing
,
stepping
aside
,
as
yoong
men
are
accustomed
,
presently
the
blame
is
laid
either
on
the
badde
example
or
corrupt
counsell
of
such
as
were
most
neere
to
them
in
conuersation
and
familiaritie
:
and
this
is
the
damage
and
the
danger
both
.
The
profit
on
the
other
side
is
of
no
great
consequence
,
because
,
through
want
of
yeers
they
neither
haue
knowledge
,
and
lesse
authoritie
,
to
doe
any
fauour
,
or
rather
they
dare
not
,
especially
in
matters
of
any
moment
,
naturally
a
kinde
of
bashfulnesse
ouer-ruling
youth
,
with
a
reuerence
vnto
their
elders
and
to
their
betters
,
that
in
their
presence
scarsely
they
will
moue
their
lips
,
or
finde
their
tongue
:
and
this
wee
see
in
practise
amongst
yoong
nephewes
and
yoonger
brethren
,
but
chiefly
with
the
children
themselues
,
and
most
of
all
,
if
the
Prince
their
father
be
by
nature
seuere
and
sterne
.
Wherefore
it
followeth
,
that
the
grace
of
the
male
kindred
of
riper
yeeres
is
truely
profitable
,
because
these
by
their
loue
(
which
is
presupposed
)
ioyned
with
their
age
,
know
how
;
&
by
their
authoritie
can
be
beneficiall
and
fruitfull
in
their
fauour
to
the
Courtier
:
howbeit
,
enuy
no
lesse
attending
on
their
fauor
,
than
it
awaiteth
the
Princes
grace
,
it
shal
be
necessary
to
consider
how
this
may
either
be
eschewed
,
or
els
what
armes
the
Courtier
must
put
on
to
confront
the
same
,
that
it
proue
not
an
impediment
to
his
desseignes
.
But
this
heereafter
in
his
fit
place
shall
bee
largelie
handled
.
CHAP.
XXVI
.
Of
the
helpe
which
may
be
drawen
from
the
Princes
friends
.
THe
like
profit
and
vse
may
bee
hoped
for
and
expected
from
the
Princes
friends
,
as
from
his
kindred
,
the
reasons
seruing
almost
both
alike
,
though
these
in
some
things
may
be
thought
to
be
preferred
in
others
,
yet
they
come
behind
,
for
touching
affection
it
is
most
cleere
that
those
in
fauour
and
beloued
of
the
kindred
,
especially
neerest
in
blud
,
are
more
respected
then
the
fauourits
of
a
friend
,
because
they
incline
more
,
and
desire
the
good
rather
of
those
then
these
.
Wherefore
to
haue
familiarity
,
to
bee
vsed
kindely
and
held
in
trust
and
confidence
with
the
kindred
,
doth
much
more
easily
lay
open
the
entrance
to
the
Princes
fauor
.
But
on
the
other
side
,
the
friends
come
neerer
in
equalitie
,
than
the
kindred
doe
,
especially
than
those
of
vnderage
,
whereof
it
followeth
,
that
they
speake
more
confidently
,
and
with
lesse
securitie
are
their
requests
and
fauours
denied
,
the
which
is
often
done
without
anie
great
difficulty
vnto
the
kindred
.
Wherefore
the
friends
in
these
performances
are
to
bee
preferred
,
as
daring
more
,
and
lesse
vsed
to
denials
or
repulse
.
Whereupon
,
their
aid
chiefely
consists
in
intercession
to
obtaine
some
fauour
,
or
to
preferre
into
seruice
.
But
in
this
particular
you
must
obserue
and
beware
,
that
these
friends
bee
not
the
Princes
equals
,
or
in
any
thing
,
(
but
principally
in
quality
of
state
,
)
Concurrents
or
Competitors
,
because
in
this
case
such
protection
would
cause
the
Courtier
to
bee
suspected
and
mistrusted
of
his
Prince
:
the
example
is
at
hand
,
that
no
man
who
by
the
mediation
of
a
Cardinall
is
receiued
into
the
seruice
of
any
other
of
them
,
and
continueth
the
dependancie
&
protection
of
his
preferrer
,
shall
euer
bee
in
perfect
confidence
with
his
Lord
.
The
reason
heereof
is
grounded
on
the
conformity
or
equality
of
their
interests
in
the
Papacy
,
which
make
them
liue
more
heedily
and
full
of
ielousie
,
so
that
the
seruice
of
any
man
,
dependant
vpon
an
other
cannot
satisfie
them
,
nor
but
breed
great
suspition
;
the
like
may
be
vnderstood
of
other
Princes
with
whom
the
fauour
done
for
their
sake
who
are
either
their
concurrents
or
like
in
estate
,
will
neuer
bee
profitable
to
the
Courtier
.
Wherefore
these
friends
must
be
of
a
degree
inferiour
,
that
is
,
subiects
or
seruitors
(
but
not
domesticall
or
assigned
of
his
family
)
because
these
haue
authority
by
his
friendship
and
depending
on
him
as
on
their
superiour
,
are
his
confidents
cleere
of
suspition
.
CHAP.
XXVII
.
Of
the
helpe
that
may
be
drawen
from
the
Princes
seruants
.
THe
testimonie
that
a
beloued
seruant
may
make
(
for
of
such
an
one
we
speake
)
of
the
conueniency
and
aptnesse
the
Courtier
hath
in
seruice
,
may
bee
of
speciall
helpe
for
his
induction
,
and
thus
much
is
common
to
him
with
the
friends
&
kindred
of
the
Prince
.
But
a
fauored
seruant
hath
yet
one
commodity
more
,
which
is
,
that
there
being
many
things
(
as
it
is
presupposed
)
belonging
to
the
Prince
,
committed
to
his
charge
,
he
may
in
some
of
them
substitute
the
Courtier
,
or
vse
his
helpe
in
them
,
whom
he
purposeth
to
aduance
,
and
so
by
little
and
little
lift
him
vp
and
set
him
forwards
in
the
degrees
of
the
Court
,
and
by
insinuation
bring
him
into
fauour
,
so
that
by
the
relation
of
his
ability
in
seruice
,
and
by
making
him
partaker
in
his
owne
office
and
charge
,
I
say
the
seruant
in
grace
may
greatly
aide
the
new
Courtier
.
But
to
know
how
to
compasse
,
deserue
and
obtaine
the
helpe
and
protection
of
these
fauourits
,
there
is
vse
of
a
most
exact
prouidence
and
great
discretion
:
because
their
desire
to
continue
still
in
the
first
rancke
breedeth
in
them
a
kind
of
ielousie
and
suspition
,
that
for
the
most
part
they
had
rather
doe
contrary
offices
fearing
lest
others
should
supplant
and
degrade
them
from
their
first
honours
,
whereupon
it
commeth
seldome
to
passe
,
that
like
succours
are
offered
by
any
,
but
such
as
are
well
assured
to
be
firmely
established
in
their
Princes
fauour
:
howbeit
euen
these
(
who
well
considers
it
)
cannot
so
quietly
repose
themselues
,
but
there
will
still
remaine
a
lurking
corner
for
timidity
.
Wherefore
they
haue
great
reason
to
goe
well
aduised
,
&
discreetly
to
worke
in
the
preferment
of
any
one
,
and
our
warinesse
and
skil
must
be
no
lesse
how
to
auoid
and
ward
this
doubt
,
by
assuring
them
,
that
in
their
fauouring
vs
,
they
need
not
feare
any
preiudice
to
themselues
;
the
which
may
be
thus
,
first
by
all
meanes
possible
to
couer
and
keepe
close
,
the
quicknesse
and
viuacity
of
the
minde
and
spirit
,
for
a
wise
man
principally
hath
regard
and
feareth
that
,
as
being
apt
to
take
occasions
,
and
by
himselfe
although
but
weakely
helpt
,
may
set
vp
a
scaling
ladder
with
his
qualities
to
greater
matters
.
Next
,
to
make
profession
of
eternal
gratitude
and
dependancy
on
them
,
&
by
effects
full
of
obsequious
shewes
openlie
to
testifie
as
much
.
Then
not
to
shew
so
much
courage
as
to
dare
aduenture
further
then
they
shall
lead
you
by
the
hand
,
or
set
your
course
by
their
prescription
;
vntill
the
time
your
fauour
gotten
with
the
Prince
be
such
,
as
may
assure
you
of
your
proper
force
,
the
which
I
wish
you
ponder
well
before
you
come
vnto
the
proofe
thereof
:
because
if
any
man
before
his
time
shall
goe
about
to
separate
or
withdraw
himselfe
from
vnder
safe
protection
,
and
like
a
bird
not
flush
shall
take
his
flight
,
his
downefall
and
his
ruine
will
easily
follow
,
for
the
other
perceiuing
that
he
hath
fostred
a
Corriual
,
happily
by
the
authority
which
he
yet
reteineth
with
the
Prince
may
frustrate
all
the
hopes
you
haue
of
further
aduancement
in
that
seruice
;
wherefore
it
is
necessary
that
this
progresse
be
gnomon-shadow
like
,
inuisible
in
his
motion
,
and
that
the
growth
may
then
be
seene
,
when
it
is
fully
growen
,
and
of
himselfe
he
may
defend
and
vndershore
the
same
,
and
so
endeuour
not
to
make
his
first
experience
,
but
as
it
were
vpon
occasion
,
by
ioint
commission
with
an
other
man
,
which
oftentimes
make
offer
of
themselues
to
those
which
wisely
watch
their
times
,
knowing
how
easie
a
thing
it
is
to
fall
into
disgrace
with
Princes
whom
,
you
shall
neuer
so
sincerely
serue
,
but
either
by
themselues
,
or
by
the
malice
of
some
other
,
you
shall
incurre
displeasure
or
dislike
in
minde
,
which
easily
may
be
recouered
,
by
him
who
knowes
to
take
the
benefit
of
opportunities
.
CHAP.
XXVIII
.
How
to
keepe
in
fauour
once
obtained
.
HItherto
(
in
my
opinion
)
we
haue
sufficiently
declared
vnto
the
Courtier
the
way
and
meanes
how
to
compasse
and
obtaine
the
Princes
fauour
:
whereof
at
length
,
supposing
hee
hath
gotten
full
possession
,
it
resteth
now
to
giue
instructions
,
how
he
may
preserue
and
keepe
it
,
since
he
shall
gaine
no
lesse
commodity
,
and
be
asmuch
commended
for
the
well
preseruing
it
,
then
hee
was
by
the
happy
procuring
thereof
,
the
obtaining
many
times
depending
vpon
accident
and
chance
,
but
the
maintenance
of
it
vpon
iudgement
and
discretion
,
the
which
is
so
rarely
found
amongst
men
,
that
infinite
is
the
number
of
those
who
hauing
liued
sometime
in
grace
as
fauorites
and
Priuados
to
their
Prince
,
in
the
end
come
tumbling
topsie turuy
downe
from
so
high
a
type
of
honour
,
whereof
Seianus
doth
sufficiently
giue
testimony
,
who
for
long
time
not
minion
,
but
master
ouer
Tiberius
,
at
last
closed
vp
the
period
of
his
seruice
with
a
most
vnhappy
end
.
Crispus
Salustius
a
deereling
also
to
Tiberius
,
fato
,
inquit
,
potentiae
raro
sempiternae
,
saith
it
is
by
fate
decreeed
,
that
great
fauors
are
seldom
of
long
continuance
,
and
heereof
giues
the
cause
.
An
satias
capit
,
aut
illos
,
cum
omnia
tribuerunt
;
aut
hos
,
cum
nihil
reliquum
est
quod
cupiant
;
whether
both
as
it
were
at
a
non-plus
,
either
the
Princes
hauing
giuen
all
they
can
,
or
the
Courtiers
,
when
there
is
nothing
left
,
that
they
may
beg
.
Now
heerein
were
manie
things
to
be
considered
of
:
as
first
,
if
handling
things
which
are
within
our
choice
,
we
should
referre
the
cause
thereof
to
fate
;
or
granting
that
,
if
it
were
conuenient
,
to
assigne
a
reason
,
as
if
from
fate
cause
were
giuen
,
and
chiefly
an
electiue
cause
,
depending
vpon
mans
arbitrement
.
But
because
these
should
be
too
far
from
the
matter
now
in
hand
,
it
shall
suffice
to
say
,
That
the
reasons
by
him
set
downe
,
seeme
to
be
of
no
truth
,
or
to
be
the
least
part
of
those
which
might
be
brought
,
that
is
,
causes
of
the
least
part
of
those
effects
which
commonly
happen
in
this
particular
,
as
shall
be
declared
,
because
first
in
my
opinion
,
none
would
suffer
himselfe
to
be
perswaded
,
that
Princes
vse
to
banish
from
their
fauour
a
fauoured
seruant
,
because
of
the
abundance
of
benefites
bestowed
on
him
,
knowing
,
as
the
Moralists
doe
teach
vs
,
that
the
benefactour
loueth
him
most
,
to
whom
hee
hath
beene
most
bountifull
,
not
recompensed
by
equalitie
of
loue
;
so
that
it
is
not
only
false
,
that
there
should
grow
a
hatred
in
the
giuer
because
of
his
great
benefits
bestowed
,
but
the
contrary
is
most
true
,
that
by
this
action
there
springeth
an
especiall
beneuolence
in
the
benefactor
towards
the
fauourite
,
as
his
creature
,
and
(
as
it
were
)
worke
of
his
hands
,
&
as
his
testimonie
of
the
practise
of
a
vertuous
action
or
deed
.
For
if
Nature
herselfe
brought
not
forth
the
effect
of
this
loue
for
the
reason
alleadged
,
election
and
free
choice
doubtlesse
would
produce
the
same
,
because
who
doth
not
perceiue
how
simple
he
should
be
,
who
by
many
benefits
hauing
obliged
one
vnto
him
,
would
voluntarily
make
choise
to
lose
him
?
Wherefore
it
is
not
true
,
that
Satias
capiat
Principem
,
quod
omnia
tribuerit
:
the
Prince
is
at
a
stand
,
hauing
giuen
as
much
as
he
can
.
Neither
is
it
true
also
,
that
the
Courtier
hauing
receiued
so
many
benefits
of
his
Prince
,
that
there
is
no
more
place
of
further
expectation
,
should
bee
a
cause
on
the
Courtiers
part
,
to
make
,
that
potentiae
sint
raro
sempiternae
;
great
fauours
should
be
seldome
euerlasting
.
Crispus
Salustius
,
and
Moecenas
,
set
downe
by
Tacitus
,
giue
euident
testimonie
.
Whereupon
it
appeareth
,
that
in
reason
we
can
not
rest
our selues
vpon
these
causes
,
and
that
therefore
it
were
necessary
we
see
if
there
be
any
others
yet
more
true
and
of
greater
consideration
,
which
we
will
endeuour
to
discouer
in
the
processe
of
our
discourse
,
saying
in
the
meane
time
,
that
the
originall
of
the
foresayd
losse
may
grow
either
from
the
Prince
or
from
the
Courtiers
,
comprehending
vnder
the
same
name
aswell
the
kindred
as
the
Priences
friends
;
the
reasons
,
as
it
shall
appeare
,
seruing
all
alike
:
and
therefore
we
must
aduert
both
what
must
be
obserued
with
the
Prince
,
and
what
likewise
with
the
Courtiers
,
peaceably
and
without
danger
to
keepe
that
fauor
,
which
with
so
great
paines
and
industrie
hath
beene
procured
.
CHAP.
XXIX
.
What
is
to
be
obserued
with
the
Prince
for
the
continuing
in
his
fauour
.
THere
are
three
thinges
which
seeme
necessarie
to
bee
obserued
with
the
Prince
;
the
first
is
,
that
the
fauor
being
obteined
by
diligence
and
satisfaction
giuen
in
seruice
,
he
perseuere
and
goe
forward
in
the
same
with
the
same
termes
.
The
which
thing
not
onely
by
those
of
meane
capacitie
,
but
by
great
Courtiers
many
times
to
their
greater
detriment
is
neglected
.
Tacitus
saith
of
Seianus
,
that
nimia
fortuna
socors
factus
est
:
ouer-great
fortune
had
made
him
negligent
,
a
thing
for
two
reasons
very
dangerous
;
first
,
the
heat
of
your
seruice
relenting
,
the
Princes
loue
cannot
but
grow
luke-warme
;
next
because
by
this
meanes
you
giue
occasion
to
some
other
more
diligent
and
carefull
to
make
his
entry
;
wherefore
it
followeth
necessarily
,
in
no
case
to
leaue
off
anie
vsuall
obseruances
,
nor
at
anie
time
to
make
shew
of
lesse
feruencie
in
seruice
:
which
is
very
requisite
,
because
if
the
hope
of
fauour
be
the
cause
of
a
diligent
and
commendable
seruice
,
by
how
much
more
ought
the
secure
possession
of
the
same
,
cause
the
continuance
therein
?
The
second
aduertisement
is
,
no
more
to
shew
,
then
to
be
in
deed
,
an
vpright
and
honorable
man
,
I
meane
for
no
priuate
respect
to
bee
inticed
to
abuse
the
fauour
of
his
lord
,
either
by
making
sale
thereof
,
by
vniust
oppressions
,
or
offering
violence
to
please
the
vnbridled
appetites
of
other
men
and
such
like
,
to
the
damage
and
preiudice
of
any
man
,
because
such
like
actions
can
by
no
means
be
pleasing
to
the
Prince
,
aswell
for
the
discouerie
of
an
euill
qualitie
in
him
that
performeth
them
,
of
whom
it
is
to
be
coniectured
he
cannot
in
reason
bee
assured
:
as
for
the
wound
that
by
so
bad
a
friend
he
receaueth
in
his
reputation
,
whereof
how
much
Princes
make
account
,
or
at
least
ought
to
esteeme
Tacitus
teacheth
saying
,
CHAP.
XXX
.
What
is
to
be
obserued
with
other
Courtiers
,
and
the
maner
how
to
make
them
his
friends
.
THat
part
which
comprehendeth
his
office
or
carriage
towards
other
courtiers
,
is
farre
more
hard
;
wherefore
it
is
fit
we
discourse
thereof
more
at
large
.
First
it
is
necessary
,
if
it
be
possible
,
to
make
them
our
friends
&
confidents
,
or
at
least
not
to
be
our
enemies
;
the
reason
is
,
because
either
directly
or
indirectly
they
may
doe
some
things
,
whereby
our
fauor
with
the
Prince
may
be
diminished
,
yea
,
&
happely
wholly
diuerted
aswell
through
the
inconstancy
of
the
minds
of
men
,
as
because
no
man
liues
so
void
of
errour
,
that
may
not
in
some
thing
giue
disgust
vnto
his
lord
,
who
many
times
with
too
great
an
impression
receiueth
that
which
malitiously
is
suggested
in
an
others
disgrace
.
The
obtaining
them
to
friend
,
is
wrought
,
either
through
benefit
or
hope
.
The
Courtiers
may
diuersly
be
pleasured
by
a
fauored
seruant
,
as
by
the
ascribing
much
vnto
them
,
by
the
preferring
them
into
seruice
,
by
promotion
,
or
by
the
procurement
of
some
fauor
for
them
.
The
chiefest
way
of
winning
these
mens
loue
,
is
to
preferre
them
to
be
of
the
Princes
housholde
,
because
by
this
meanes
he
maketh
them
his
Creatures
and
dependants
,
of
whom
he
may
make
speciall
vse
in
his
occurrences
as
men
greatly
bound
vnto
him
,
of
whom
wee
will
treat
in
his
place
,
shewing
what
profit
is
drawen
from
such
kinde
of
friends
.
But
it
is
good
to
note
,
not
to
preferre
men
of
too
great
parts
,
for
these
grounding
their
fortunes
vpon
their
owne
deserts
easily
forget
that
bond
.
And
such
are
the
perfect
and
true
Noble
men
,
the
rich
,
and
those
excellent
in
any
speciall
science
,
arte
or
honorable
quality
.
Wherefore
he
must
preferre
such
as
are
of
the
meane
,
in
birth
,
faculty
and
quality
,
because
the
falling
into
the
other
extreame
is
as
vitious
,
the
reason
is
,
for
that
many
times
there
are
some
persons
fauoured
,
who
do
small
credit
,
or
rather
disgrace
their
preferrour
:
howbeit
,
there
bee
some
that
hold
it
for
a
good
rule
,
to
receiue
into
their
seruice
the
most
vnaptest
people
,
as
men
neither
of
bounty
nor
valour
,
that
by
this
touch
,
their
owne
woorthinesse
may
be
the
better
knowen
,
imitating
in
this
point
Augustus
of
whom
it
is
said
:
excitantur
ad
meliora
magnitudine
rerum
:
they
are
encouraged
to
greater
matters
by
great
imploiments
:
whereas
for
the
most
part
hebescunt
alij
,
others
grow
blunt
and
dull
.
Wherefore
the
Courtier
must
haue
speciall
care
to
beware
of
such
like
rockes
,
that
he
may
anchor
free
&
void
of
danger
in
possession
of
the
fauour
alreadie
obteined
;
aduerting
further
,
that
in
his
aduancement
of
others
he
be
not
so
prodigall
in
their
commendations
,
that
it
be
preiudiciall
to
his
owne
commoditie
.
But
hereof
more
at
large
hereafter
.
The
last
meanes
how
to
benefit
the
Courtiers
,
consisteth
in
obteining
either
for
them
or
their
friends
some
fauours
or
sutes
,
which
he
must
often
procure
,
that
he
may
the
more
entirely
binde
them
vnto
him
:
finally
al
these
aduertisements
do
presuppose
an
abilitie
in
the
Courtier
to
receaue
these
fauors
and
benefits
of
his
Prince
;
in
which
case
for
that
some
are
found
(
as
hath
bene
said
)
somewhat
hard
and
vntractable
towards
their
seruants
,
it
is
not
vnnecessary
to
consider
how
the
Courtier
may
draw
from
the
Prince
,
though
vnwilling
,
those
fauours
hee
desireth
either
for
himselfe
or
his
friends
.
CHAP.
XXXI
.
The
meanes
how
to
obteine
of
the
Prince
those
fauours
and
grace
,
which
are
desired
.
THe
procuring
of
fauours
from
the
Prince
is
both
profitable
and
honorable
vnto
the
Courtier
:
profitable
,
by
the
benefit
which
followeth
either
to
himselfe
or
to
those
for
whom
he
obteineth
them
,
who
by
this
meanes
hee
maketh
much
beholding
vnto
him
.
Honorable
,
because
he
is
accounted
a
fauorite
,
who
hath
his
Princes
wil
at
his
dispose
,
and
can
compasse
those
fauours
which
hee
please
either
for
himselfe
or
his
friends
&
dependents
.
Wherfore
when
the
nature
of
the
Prince
is
of
that
kinde
which
is
found
in
some
with
great
commendations
,
though
yet
but
seldome
;
that
is
,
enclined
to
beneficence
,
he
shall
haue
no
great
need
either
of
precepts
or
of
arte
,
more
then
onely
in
shewing
a
modestie
in
his
requests
,
that
in
no
sort
hee
doe
manifest
the
least
pretention
of
expectation
,
as
of
dutie
from
the
Prince
,
as
also
not
to
bee
too
frequent
in
these
offices
,
and
not
to
desire
things
so
impertinent
,
that
woorthely
they
may
receaue
the
repulse
.
But
when
the
Prince
is
neere
or
hard
in
granting
fauours
,
either
because
he
will
not
exceed
the
limits
in
doing
good
vnto
his
seruants
,
as
doubting
they
should
abandon
him
,
or
to
keepe
them
in
awe
that
they
grow
not
ouer
confident
,
or
for
the
small
esteeme
hee
makes
of
them
,
or
finally
for
feare
they
should
sell
his
fauours
to
some
other
;
in
these
cases
arte
is
necessarie
.
Wherefore
if
the
hand
be
closed
,
fearing
to
bee
forsaken
,
it
shall
helpe
much
to
shew
a
retentiue
memorie
and
gratitude
for
benefits
,
with
a
greater
desire
to
bee
seruiceable
after
a
reward
then
before
.
And
certes
it
seemeth
iust
and
true
,
that
in
a
minde
well
borne
and
of
good
education
and
qualitie
,
a
present
reward
worketh
greater
effects
than
a
future
hope
.
To
conclude
,
to
professe
to
runne
one
and
the
same
fortune
with
his
Prince
,
and
to
die
in
the
seruice
of
him
&
his
house
,
seemeth
to
be
a
conuenient
&
proportionate
remedie
against
this
euill
.
To
the
second
,
the
same
modestie
continued
from
his
first
entrance
,
euen
to
that
degree
wherein
the
Courtier
shall
be
found
,
helpeth
much
,
not
shewing
any
alteration
at
all
,
or
diminution
of
dutie
or
reuerence
,
as
before
hath
beene
noted
.
But
if
the
Prince
be
strict
and
drie-fisted
in
his
fauors
,
for
the
small
respect
which
naturally
he
hath
of
his
seruants
,
the
Courtier
hath
but
a
weak
hope
,
where
there
is
such
an
humour
.
Wherefore
it
is
necessary
either
to
endeuour
that
the
Master
change
copie
and
stile
in
leting
him
see
qualities
of
woorth
,
at
least
for
the
affect
and
aptnesse
to
his
seruice
,
woorthy
to
be
regarded
,
or
els
,
this
not
succeeding
,
to
answer
him
proportionally
with
the
same
termes
of
light
esteeme
or
respect
of
him
;
yet
so
,
if
it
be
as
doubting
lest
his
fauours
should
be
sold
,
you
must
obserue
that
rule
aboue
set
downe
,
which
(
in
fine
)
consisteth
in
setting
the
honour
and
reputation
of
the
Prince
before
your
eies
,
and
not
to
abuse
the
free
libertie
you
haue
obteined
to
dispose
thereof
.
But
that
hardnesse
which
groweth
by
nature
,
not
enclined
to
liberalitie
or
beneficence
,
is
hardest
of
all
the
rest
to
be
ouerruled
:
and
truly
it
is
euident
,
that
there
bee
some
from
whom
it
is
impossible
directly
to
deriue
any
fauour
;
wherefore
it
is
fit
to
vse
arte
,
and
wisely
to
insinuate
occasions
and
reasons
for
the
fauours
he
desireth
,
and
to
attend
opportunities
,
which
are
easily
found
by
him
who
continually
or
for
the
most
part
is
in
presence
of
his
Prince
,
faining
sometime
when
need
shall
be
,
to
haue
no
affect
,
motion
or
desire
of
the
contrary
,
and
discreetly
to
vse
himselfe
in
this
sinistrous
course
,
chiefly
when
to
this
naturall
niggardlinesse
,
there
is
any
suspition
of
the
Courtiers
fidelity
adioyned
.
True
it
is
,
that
heereof
it
comes
to
passe
,
that
benefits
are
not
obtained
from
such
Masters
but
by
length
of
time
,
and
pining
expectation
,
that
there
is
great
patience
required
in
the
seruant
,
who
in
requitall
heereof
oweth
him
small
duty
,
being
more
beholding
to
his
owne
artificiall
cunning
and
dexterity
,
then
to
the
good
will
of
the
Prince
;
howbeit
,
it
is
necessary
so
much
as
may
be
,
to
conceale
this
affect
or
motion
,
and
to
conclude
all
speeches
with
him
,
with
a
gratious
conge
and
giuing
thanks
;
hic
est
enim
finis
omnium
,
cum
dominante
sermonum
,
But
heere
wee
must
not
leaue
to
shew
,
that
the
Courtier
may
also
in
many
other
things
by
an
other
way
without
being
ouer
combersome
vnto
the
Prince
,
be
a
meanes
for
others
of
many
fauours
;
and
this
consisteth
in
vsing
the
helpe
of
principall
officers
and
ministers
who
are
able
in
their
charge
or
may
easily
finde
the
occasion
to
obtaine
many
fauours
,
or
by
themselues
make
many
resolutions
,
whereof
the
prouident
Courtier
may
make
some
vse
,
either
for
his
owne
or
his
friends
profit
and
commoditie
,
for
that
these
officers
whereof
we
speake
being
for
the
most
part
none
of
the
Princes
family
,
or
howsoeuer
if
they
were
thereof
,
being
desirous
to
haue
any
speciall
protection
from
him
,
they
will
willingly
endeuour
to
deserue
the
good
will
of
him
whom
they
know
to
bee
most
fauored
and
most
deere
;
and
this
course
of
procuring
fauour
without
trouble
vnto
the
Prince
,
is
verie
commendable
,
being
conuenient
to
reserue
his
fauor
&
helpe
for
things
of
greater
importance
:
Besides
this
going
thus
retiredly
and
vsing
the
meanes
of
others
in
their
proper
charges
,
is
not
onely
profitable
,
for
the
aboue
alleaged
reasons
,
but
are
as
testimonie
of
modestie
&
reuerence
towards
his
Prince
:
As
though
one
could
neuer
arrogate
so
much
in
desert
by
seruice
,
that
confidently
he
might
charge
him
with
expectation
of
fauours
or
rewards
.
But
on
the
other
side
,
it
is
necessarie
to
flie
the
other
extreame
;
for
that
those
who
fearing
to
be
fastidious
or
troublesome
vnto
their
Prince
,
neuer
desire
any
fauour
of
him
,
incurre
two
great
errors
;
the
first
is
,
they
lose
the
occasions
to
winne
to
themselues
assured
friends
and
dependents
;
the
other
is
,
that
by
these
meanes
they
neuer
get
the
reputation
which
is
incident
to
those
Courtiers
,
who
make
themselues
knowen
to
be
beloued
and
fauored
of
the
Prince
whom
they
serue
.
CHAP.
XXXII
.
What
must
be
obserued
not
to
haue
the
Courtiers
his
enemies
,
and
to
auoid
ill
turnes
and
bad
offices
.
ALthough
many
are
by
nature
so
austere
,
that
neither
by
benefits
or
other
merits
it
is
possible
to
make
them
tractable
or
beneuolent
,
yet
are
not
all
men
of
this
disposition
or
quality
;
wherfore
towards
those
which
are
of
more
ciuilitie
and
humanity
,
the
Courtier
is
to
abstain
and
beware
of
two
things
,
that
is
,
to
offend
them
or
giue
occasion
of
enuie
.
Let
vs
first
speak
of
the
offences
,
as
the
most
efficient
cause
of
hatred
,
and
then
secondly
of
enuie
.
Howbeit
therefore
that
many
are
the
meanes
whereby
the
Courtier
may
giue
offence
,
yet
that
of
detraction
and
passing
bad
offices
with
the
Prince
to
another
mans
detriment
,
seemes
to
bee
most
proper
vnto
him
as
a
Courtier
.
This
was
a
cunning
or
arte
much
vsed
by
Seianus
,
of
whom
Cornelius
Tacitus
hauing
said
,
fuit
audax
,
sui
obtegens
,
he
was
bold
&
a
concealor
of
his
owne
desseignes
:
he
ioineth
therewithall
,
in
alios
criminator
,
a
calumniator
or
finde-fault
of
others
.
And
Antonius
Primus
purposed
as
much
,
and
in
effect
performed
no
lesse
against
Mutianus
,
who
notwithstanding
with
the
same
weapon
,
fortunately
defended
himself
,
insomuch
that
through
the
great
and
manifold
good
turnes
which
Antonius
had
deserued
of
Vespasian
,
hee
easilie
blotted
out
the
memory
thereof
.
And
truely
since
it
is
so
,
that
no
more
then
one
at
once
,
can
well
possesse
the
chiefest
place
in
the
Princes
fauour
,
it
is
necessarie
so
much
as
may
bee
,
to
keepe
others
a
loofe
off
,
from
entring
in
,
which
chiefly
is
performed
by
attenuating
other
mens
merits
,
and
prouoking
either
the
Princes
neglect
or
hatred
against
those
in
particular
,
who
for
the
neerenesse
they
are
in
the
Princes
fauour
,
are
more
dangerously
left
in
that
degree
,
without
some
molestation
.
Howsoeuer
,
yet
this
seemeth
very
absurd
,
that
any
whose
scope
is
honorable
reputation
,
should
take
so
crooked
and
sinistrous
a
course
,
there
being
no
so
apparent
a
signe
of
any
mans
abiect
basenesse
,
nor
any
thing
that
more
distaineth
ciuilitie
it selfe
,
then
Vnde
alijs
infamiam
pariat
,
inde
gloriam
quemquam
sibi
recipere
:
whence
others
get
disgrace
,
thence
any
man
to
ground
his
glory
or
aduancement
,
and
that
which
more
importeth
,
seeming
to
conquer
in
this
campe
,
in
stead
of
vertue
&
commendable
valor
,
he
procureth
for
his
reward
malice
,
hatred
,
and
enuie
;
besides
,
it
is
very
probable
,
that
a
wise
and
generous
Prince
ought
not
to
receiue
into
any
degree
of
fauor
,
a
Courtier
who
should
be
knowen
to
be
apt
and
prone
by
nature
and
badde
inclination
to
slander
or
speake
euill
to
an
others
preiudice
,
because
,
Si
proditores
,
etiam
ijs
quos
anteponunt
inuist
sunt
;
if
once
traytors
,
then
are
they
hatefull
euen
to
those
who
make
vse
of
them
;
how
much
more
should
calumniators
or
slanderers
be
odious
!
from
whom
the
Prince
(
as
such
kind
of
men
)
receaueth
no
seruice
at
all
,
but
rather
a
cause
of
disgust
or
dislike
towards
those
,
by
whom
happely
he
might
be
better
serued
,
then
by
these
detractors
;
and
giueth
him
occasion
also
to
doubt
,
lest
they
should
arme
themselues
in
like
terms
against
himselfe
,
with
their
malignant
toongs
,
in
offence
of
his
honor
and
reputation
.
And
certeinly
though
it
be
fit
the
Prince
shuld
omnia
scire
,
CHAP.
XXXIII
.
How
the
Courtier
is
to
carrie
himselfe
with
his
enemies
and
persecutors
.
BVt
because
it
is
a
naturall
thing
to
defend
our selues
and
to
deuise
how
to
preserue
and
mainetaine
vs
in
that
state
of
happinesse
which
with
great
labour
wee
haue
procured
,
and
that
oftentimes
it
may
fall
out
that
one
may
be
maligned
,
or
at
least
may
haue
some
other
accidents
so
neere
at
hand
,
that
danger
shal
be
imminent
to
him
that
with
some
arte
or
skill
doth
not
defend
himselfe
;
it
shall
be
fit
to
discourse
how
the
Courtier
is
to
gouerne
him
,
betweene
these
two
so
dangerous
rockes
,
the
one
of
slaunderous
backebiting
and
persecution
,
the
other
of
concurrency
and
emulation
.
First
of
persecution
,
against
the
which
hee
must
first
make
his
defence
with
rewards
and
benefits
,
the
which
are
apt
not
only
to
extinguish
this
malignity
,
and
to
surcease
that
dangerous
prosecution
,
but
to
change
and
conuert
the
imagination
of
hurt
and
wrong
,
into
a
more
beneuolent
and
friendly
mind
.
This
shall
bee
a
most
profitable
gaine
,
and
so
much
the
more
commendable
,
the
lesse
it
shal
be
vsed
,
sauing
to
persons
in
whom
vertue
in
his
highest
degree
,
hath
wonne
the
regiment
of
a
most
perfect
habit
,
it
being
naturally
very
absurd
to
bee
beneficiall
to
those
who
are
knowen
to
be
of
a
peruerse
and
ill
affected
minde
:
but
because
many
times
,
such
is
the
malignitie
of
men
,
that
it
cannot
be
appeased
or
ouercome
by
any
benefit
,
it
is
necessary
to
take
some
other
course
,
that
is
,
with
a
resolute
mind
to
make
proofe
who
shall
in
the
end
preuaile
,
deuising
how
to
extinguish
or
supplant
his
aduersary
,
not
by
death
,
but
by
expulsion
,
either
out
of
Court
or
wholly
out
of
fauour
.
And
this
will
succeed
very
securely
,
and
without
any
great
labour
,
to
him
who
shall
be
in
such
fauour
as
we
now
presuppose
him
,
because
he
shall
not
only
haue
easie
accesse
vnto
the
Princes
eare
,
whereby
he
may
haue
discourse
at
his
pleasure
,
and
take
occasion
to
do
bad
offices
against
his
persecuters
,
but
he
shall
possesse
a
great
faction
of
friends
amongst
the
Courtiers
,
who
may
serue
his
turne
by
giuing
out
,
and
sowing
in
the
Court
,
yea
and
with
the
Prince
himselfe
,
the
like
seed
of
report
,
whereby
the
traducers
in
the
end
shall
reape
the
fruits
answerable
to
their
deserts
.
But
the
Courtier
for
his
owne
part
must
endeuour
to
keepe
himselfe
in
the
good
opinion
of
him
against
whom
hee
mindes
to
reuenge
himselfe
,
not
giuing
the
least
occasion
or
signe
of
bad
satisfaction
,
and
keepe
himselfe
the
most
wary
and
retired
in
his
speech
in
all
places
and
at
all
times
that
may
be
.
And
in
sted
heereof
he
must
haue
his
ministers
ready
,
by
whose
meanes
he
may
compasse
his
desseigned
purpose
;
as
most
easily
he
shall
doe
,
if
besides
this
,
vpon
occasions
with
the
Prince
,
either
excusing
or
denying
the
accusations
spread
of
his
aduersarie
,
he
shall
so
much
the
more
confirm
them
,
by
how
much
he
shal
shew
himselfe
the
lesse
interessed
or
malicious
against
him
.
But
here
we
must
note
,
that
if
the
persecutions
on
the
other
side
be
open
and
manifest
,
and
such
as
can
not
be
concealed
,
and
done
as
it
were
in
disgrace
;
it
is
then
necessary
,
openly
,
and
not
by
close
conueiance
,
to
resist
them
,
for
the
manifestation
and
notice
that
thereof
may
be
taken
,
both
of
his
authoritie
&
power
to
defend
himselfe
and
offend
others
,
when
he
is
so
resolued
:
whereby
followeth
both
a
feare
and
hope
in
others
,
which
affects
are
the
beginnings
,
though
diuersly
,
of
friendship
and
confidence
,
because
feare
enforceth
to
confidence
for
the
more
assurance
,
&
hope
induceth
friendship
to
win
profit
and
commoditie
thereby
:
yet
howsoeuer
,
many
had
rather
vse
dissimulation
&
close
stratagems
against
their
enemies
,
either
for
their
reputation
in
making
slight
regard
of
wrongs
,
or
the
commendations
which
they
procure
in
pardoning
iniuries
,
or
at
least
because
by
this
meanes
they
make
their
enemie
the
lesse
heedfull
,
wherby
with
the
more
ease
they
suppresse
him
;
&
quo
incautior
deciperetur
,
Antonius
Primus
.
These
then
are
the
two
meanes
to
resist
our
enemies
and
persecuters
in
the
Court
.
But
if
one
be
but
of
little
authoritie
or
fauour
with
the
Prince
,
and
notwithstanding
maligned
in
the
obteining
thereof
,
there
are
two
remedies
;
the
first
is
,
to
humble
himselfe
to
the
detractours
,
seeking
all
the
meanes
to
procure
them
to
be
his
friends
,
and
to
make
them
beleeue
hee
pretendeth
not
any
thing
more
than
themselues
.
The
other
is
,
to
be
an
adherent
or
dependent
to
the
most
potent
of
the
court
,
vnder
whose
protection
he
may
liue
;
or
at
least
to
be
of
the
contrary
faction
to
them
,
if
there
shall
be
any
,
as
it
is
most
vsuall
and
common
among
the
Courtiers
.
To
conclude
,
to
shun
or
take
away
the
occasion
,
by
insinuating
into
their
fauor
,
or
by
liuing
vnder
the
shelter
of
some
other
,
or
els
to
resist
them
by
the
succor
and
force
of
the
contrary
faction
.
CHAP.
XXXIIII
.
How
he
may
keepe
backe
his
Concurrents
and
Corriuals
.
BVt
if
the
danger
of
being
remooued
from
possession
of
this
fauour
grow
from
anothers
well
deseruing
,
whereby
the
Concurrents
indeuor
themselues
to
be
aduanced
and
preferred
into
the
loue
and
grace
of
the
Prince
,
it
should
bee
then
necessary
to
take
another
way
.
And
truly
,
howbeit
it
falleth
out
very
seldome
,
that
any
Master
who
hath
bound
and
found
a
seruant
confident
vnto
him
,
can
greatly
loue
any
other
,
since
one
and
the
same
kinde
of
loue
can
hardly
be
branched
and
seuered
into
diuers
subiects
:
notwithstanding
because
it
may
fal
out
,
&
often
times
it
hath
been
seene
come
to
passe
,
that
Courtiers
who
for
a
time
were
fauorites
and
priuados
,
haue
beene
expulsed
and
lost
their
grace
,
it
is
necessary
in
such
case
to
shew
the
meanes
how
to
preserue
the
same
.
The
first
precept
therefore
is
,
that
he
endeuour
by
diligent
seruice
to
out
strip
his
Concurrents
in
good
deserts
,
this
being
the
most
reall
&
honourable
way
,
succeedeth
also
more
securely
,
tending
wholly
and
ending
in
the
profit
and
commoditie
of
the
Prince
,
from
whom
,
as
we
haue
often
sayd
,
proportionable
fauour
must
be
attended
,
and
expected
according
to
the
actual
seruice
done
.
But
when
this
course
is
not
thought
sufficient
,
it
is
necessary
as
much
as
is
possible
to
thrust
off
,
and
keepe
backe
,
such
Concurrents
from
the
Princes
seruice
:
vsing
meanes
that
either
very
seldome
or
neuer
there
be
occasion
giuen
,
for
them
to
insinuate
,
either
by
seruice
or
familiarity
into
the
pleasure
of
his
Lord
or
Prince
:
this
will
easily
fall
out
,
if
at
the
first
he
be
vigilant
in
not
permitting
any
man
to
thrust
himselfe
too
forwards
,
because
out
of
this
time
,
the
remedy
will
bee
both
hard
and
dangerous
.
But
to
the
performance
heereof
since
one
alone
cannot
with
effect
supply
all
charges
and
offices
,
it
is
necessary
to
bring
in
others
dependents
on
him
,
and
qualified
in
such
sort
as
before
hath
beene
declared
,
so
that
the
Prince
being
serued
&
satisfied
by
these
,
haue
no
cause
to
long
after
,
or
desire
the
seruice
of
the
others
,
whose
practice
might
happily
breed
matter
both
of
feare
and
ielousie
.
But
this
not
succeeding
,
I
will
not
speake
of
badde
offices
:
since
these
as
inhumane
&
not
fitting
any
woorthy
or
honorable
man
,
and
also
as
not
being
very
secure
▪
ought
to
bee
banished
the
very
thoughts
of
euery
good
and
Christian
Courtier
.
CHAP.
XXXV
.
The
meanes
how
to
auoid
enuy
.
LEt
vs
now
come
to
that
other
part
which
is
the
cause
that
Princes
fauorites
are
seldome
seene
or
looked
on
with
a
fauourable
eie
by
the
rest
of
the
Courtiers
:
and
that
is
,
Enuy
,
the
which
,
who
shall
well
consider
things
antiently
past
,
shall
finde
it
to
haue
beene
the
cause
of
the
ruine
of
so
many
,
that
the
testimony
of
examples
to
so
manifest
a
knowledge
were
meere
superfluous
:
and
therefore
with
diuers
sleights
&
arts
by
the
wisest
Courtiers
,
hath
euer
beene
auoided
:
the
which
we
thinke
fit
in
this
place
onely
with
breuity
to
point
at
.
First
therefore
with
the
Enuious
wee
must
hold
the
same
course
and
rule
,
as
with
our
persecutors
,
in
endeuouring
to
appease
them
and
make
them
our
friends
with
benefits
and
rewards
;
since
so
being
made
our
well
willers
,
they
will
not
greeue
at
an
other
mans
profit
,
as
at
their
owne
damage
,
the
good
of
one
friend
being
common
to
all
friends
.
Next
,
for
that
the
cause
of
Enuy
is
an
others
good
&
profit
in
possession
,
it
shall
be
wisedome
to
conceale
it
,
or
at
least
to
make
as
slender
esteeme
thereof
in
apparence
as
may
be
,
not
shewing
himselfe
arrogant
or
proud
therof
by
any
meanes
,
but
rather
,
as
not
caring
for
it
,
or
desirous
to
leaue
it
,
or
to
make
it
common
to
some
other
:
Seianus
,
great
Master
in
the
Courtiers
arte
,
considering
how
preiudiciall
vnto
him
the
concourse
of
the
people
,
and
courting
of
him
,
was
resolued
with
himselfe
,
receptando
,
facultatem
criminantibus
exhibere
;
enterteining
them
,
he
should
minister
matter
vnto
enuious
find-faults
:
lastly
,
thus
straightned
in
this
difficult
counsell
;
Huc
flexit
,
vt
Tiberium
ad
vitam
procul
Romam
amonis
locis
degendam
impelleret
;
he
thus
resolued
,
that
he
would
perswade
Tiberius
to
lead
his
life
in
some
pleasant
places
same
from
Rome
.
And
truly
as
this
is
a
most
considerable
point
,
so
is
it
exceeding
hard
to
finde
the
true
square
or
roote
thereof
,
because
that
either
not
respecting
or
refusing
some
apparances
,
he
may
greatly
crase
his
credit
and
reputation
,
which
indeed
is
no
other
then
opinion
;
and
this
opinion
groweth
of
the
apparence
and
shew
,
and
not
alone
of
being
a
fauorite
,
but
of
the
knowledge
that
is
taken
thereof
by
others
:
and
on
the
other
side
,
from
these
ostentations
riseth
enuie
,
whose
follower
manie
times
is
the
ruine
of
the
Courtier
;
wherefore
it
is
necessarie
to
walke
with
infinite
warinesse
and
discretion
betweene
these
two
extreames
:
with
this
particular
aduertisement
,
not
to
grow
too
great
or
familiar
with
the
Courtiers
,
Besides
all
this
,
it
serueth
much
to
the
purpose
to
make
a
shew
that
this
fauour
and
grace
is
rather
voluntarily
graunted
than
ambitiously
procured
,
vsing
the
same
,
as
hath
bene
said
,
not
onely
without
offence
to
others
,
but
rather
to
the
benefit
of
others
,
and
keeping
the
decorum
of
his
degree
and
place
,
not
with
a
proud
disdainefulnesse
,
but
with
a
sweet
and
graue
modesty
,
some
thing
inclining
to
popularity
.
Finally
,
because
Enuy
swaieth
amongst
equals
,
or
persons
at
least
that
so
thinke
themselues
,
if
any
man
shall
endeuour
himselfe
so
much
to
exceed
in
vertue
,
or
otherwise
by
long
and
honourable
seruice
,
should
take
occasion
to
pretend
equality
;
without
all
question
enuy
would
either
cease
,
or
rather
,
to
speake
better
,
would
neuer
begin
.
But
when
these
obseruations
shall
not
free
or
sufficiently
defend
the
Courtier
from
this
contagion
,
whose
companion
for
the
most
part
is
malitious
detraction
,
if
shee
once
shew
her selfe
so
apparently
that
offences
doe
grow
,
we
must
then
vse
the
same
arte
against
the
Enuious
,
as
against
the
maleuolent
and
wicked
slanderer
;
deuising
;
if
it
be
possible
,
to
remooue
him
from
the
Court
,
or
wholly
out
of
seruice
;
and
to
performe
the
same
with
the
more
ease
,
he
shall
doe
well
to
remember
that
which
a
little
before
hath
beene
said
,
that
is
,
howbeit
the
Courtier
be
not
by
himselfe
to
performe
any
badde
offices
,
hee
may
passe
them
notwithstanding
by
meanes
of
his
adherents
,
in
case
necessity
binde
him
to
maintaine
his
place
;
and
therefore
,
not
onely
for
this
purpose
,
but
for
many
other
causes
,
it
is
necessary
that
he
be
well
furnished
of
good
store
of
friends
&
confidents
of
all
sorts
,
that
is
,
to
the
end
to
be
enformed
of
all
that
is
done
or
said
in
the
Court
,
and
that
for
diuers
reasons
.
As
first
to
vnderstand
what
opinion
is
held
of
him
amongst
the
other
Courtiers
,
and
which
of
his
actions
are
either
praised
or
reprooued
,
making
vse
of
such
aduice
by
the
way
of
correction
.
Next
to
distinguish
of
faithfull
from
fained
friends
,
because
euerie
man
shewes
himselfe
louing
and
kinde
to
him
whom
they
know
fauoured
of
the
Prince
,
though
it
may
be
,
really
&
indeed
,
they
are
the
contrary
;
a
thing
by
meanes
of
these
confidents
easily
discouered
:
since
they
are
conuersant
,
he
vnderstand
and
obserue
all
that
passeth
in
the
Court
,
chiefly
entertaining
some
who
shall
carry
small
apparence
of
being
inward
with
him
;
for
that
vnto
such
,
as
not
esteemed
of
any
great
credit
,
or
partialists
to
the
fauoured
Courtier
,
they
will
easily
vnmaske
,
and
reueale
the
very
inwards
of
their
harts
:
or
else
themselues
being
dextrous
&
cunning
in
this
kind
as
men
of
good
understanding
,
can
by
an
inckling
easily
coniecture
the
rest
.
And
lastly
,
to
know
what
is
done
,
yea
or
thought
by
these
malitious
enuiers
euen
in
their
priuate
liuing
,
because
none
liueth
without
sinne
,
it
will
be
easie
to
finde
matter
to
reproue
their
bolde
malitious
slanders
with
the
knowledge
of
their
owne
actions
;
and
being
willing
to
hurt
them
that
shall
goe
about
to
offend
or
wrong
him
,
hee
may
easilie
by
these
meanes
effect
and
bring
it
to
passe
.
CHAP.
XXXVI
.
What
the
Courtier
is
to
doe
who
shall
finde
himselfe
slenderly
respected
of
his
Prince
or
Lord
.
THus
much
,
in
my
opinion
,
may
be
said
for
the
Courtiers
good
aduertisement
:
if
any
other
imagin
he
can
more
aptly
and
with
better
method
,
and
in
conclusion
with
more
commendations
handle
this
arte
,
he
should
do
great
wrong
to
ciuill
societie
,
and
to
the
duty
which
euery
man
oweth
,
(
to
labour
what
in
him
is
for
the
common
benefit
)
to
defraud
the
world
from
participating
of
his
so
good
thoughts
and
abilities
.
In
the
meane
time
,
if
any
man
happely
guided
by
the
rules
&
precepts
here
set
downe
,
lanching
foorth
into
the
dangerous
maine
&
current
of
the
Court
,
shall
rather
suffer
shipwracke
,
than
safely
furdle
vp
his
sailes
in
the
desired
hauen
.
Me
thinks
without
sinistrously
iudging
of
this
doctrine
learned
by
him
,
he
should
call
to
mind
,
that
among
arts
,
there
are
some
which
are
called
Coniecturall
;
and
the
reason
is
,
because
albeit
their
teaching
or
instructing
part
proposeth
a
certeine
knowen
end
or
scope
,
from
the
which
there
may
demonstratiuely
bee
deduced
certeine
conclusions
,
the
which
wil
make
the
context
of
the
doctrine
both
apparent
and
necessary
,
so
farre
forth
as
the
nature
of
things
to
be
acted
will
giue
leaue
or
suffer
;
wherein
the
wisest
are
of
opinion
,
that
it
is
not
possible
to
frame
perfect
demonstrations
.
Notwithstanding
,
the
actiue
part
doth
neuer
of
necessitie
performe
the
purposed
end
,
although
it
perform
all
the
actions
so
much
as
can
be
desired
,
proportionall
and
correspondent
to
the
same
.
For
so
we
see
an
excellent
&
famous
Captain
,
who
in
euery
part
hath
performed
the
dutie
of
his
proper
charge
,
yet
his
hope
of
victorie
may
faile
him
,
and
not
sort
as
hee
desired
.
So
likewise
without
errour
of
arte
,
the
most
expert
Mariner
many
times
loseth
himselfe
and
the
ship
hee
sailes
in
.
Nor
lesse
vnluckie
some
times
the
Physitian
ministreth
his
drugges
to
the
sicke
patient
without
hope
of
helpe
.
Nor
many
times
can
the
aptest
and
most
artificiall
Rhetoritian
remoue
a
setled
minde
from
a
purposed
resolution
.
To
leaue
to
speake
of
many
such
like
arts
,
the
which
not
by
necessitie
,
but
contingently
,
and
as
it
were
by
fortune
or
chance
,
obteine
their
desired
ends
,
the
Courtiers
arte
being
amongst
them
,
the
precepts
thereof
may
worke
no
lesse
erroneously
than
those
of
other
arts
called
Coniecturall
.
Wherefore
,
if
after
the
obseruance
of
the
aboue
noted
aduertisements
,
that
fauor
or
grace
shall
not
bee
obteined
,
or
that
which
is
much
worse
,
if
by
any
accident
it
shuld
be
lost
so
that
assuredly
there
were
discouered
small
satisfaction
in
the
Prince
;
it
resteth
,
that
for
the
ful
accomplishment
&
perfecting
of
this
worke
,
we
should
set
downe
in
this
case
what
wee
thinke
considerable
and
necessarie
therein
for
the
Courtiers
benefit
.
And
questionlesse
there
cannot
be
a
greater
torment
to
the
hart
of
him
that
serueth
,
then
to
see
himselfe
slightly
regarded
or
beloued
of
his
Lord
,
and
this
accident
particularly
worketh
greatest
effects
in
those
who
haue
not
their
mindes
armed
with
naturall
magnanimity
,
or
vertuous
education
,
but
are
rather
of
a
disdainefull
spirit
,
not
able
to
endure
the
conforming
of
their
affections
,
to
the
prescript
rule
or
square
of
an
other
mans
opinion
,
will
or
direction
,
especially
in
the
maner
of
his
liuing
either
in
peaceable
quietnesse
,
or
vnquiet
businesse
:
whereupon
it
followeth
many
times
,
the
resolutions
of
such
men
in
these
cases
are
verie
strange
and
vnconsiderate
.
Wherefore
in
this
so
doubtfull
a
passage
to
conduct
him
foorth
by
the
guidance
of
wise
and
fruitfull
counsell
,
we
first
say
,
that
as
in
bodily
sicknesses
,
the
cause
knowen
,
remedies
for
the
cure
therof
are
easily
applied
:
so
must
the
Courtier
,
so
much
as
in
him
is
,
diligently
seeke
out
the
occasion
that
moueth
his
Prince
or
Lord
to
bee
angry
or
not
well
disposed
towards
him
,
to
the
end
either
by
himselfe
,
or
by
meanes
of
some
other
to
moue
him
therein
:
yet
so
,
that
it
fall
not
within
the
preiudice
of
his
principal
designes
,
as
before
hath
beene
handled
,
because
then
it
should
be
better
to
leaue
the
seruice
,
by
crauing
licence
to
depart
.
But
because
it
is
a
saying
.
Che
piaga
,
per
allentar
d'arco
non
sana
;
That
the
vnbending
of
the
bow
is
no
healing
of
the
wound
:
so
is
it
not
enough
many
times
to
remoue
the
cause
of
this
displeasure
,
for
the
minde
notwithstanding
remaines
still
exulcerate
and
greeued
.
It
is
necessary
therefore
not
onely
to
remooue
the
cause
of
this
anger
,
but
to
proceed
in
the
obseruance
of
those
aduertisements
which
the
Rhetoritians
teach
for
the
lenefying
and
appeasing
of
minds
once
mooued
,
as
humiliation
,
acknowledging
of
the
errour
,
accusing
himselfe
,
crauing
pardon
,
offring
himselfe
readie
to
all
satisfaction
:
and
continuing
with
all
patience
in
these
courses
,
hee
may
make
it
apparent
how
much
he
valueth
the
fauor
&
loue
of
his
Prince
,
with
the
sorrow
hee
sustaineth
for
his
displeasure
:
for
this
anger
growing
of
an
offence
,
which
conteineth
a
neglect
by
these
foresaid
demonstrations
,
such
a
counterpoise
may
bee
made
in
opinion
to
be
thought
despised
and
disgraced
,
that
in
the
end
it
may
bring
the
Prince
to
put
on
a
more
gentle
and
pacified
minde
towards
the
Courtier
:
so
that
this
offence
and
cause
of
badde
satisfaction
,
haue
not
taken
such
roote
,
that
it
prooue
rather
a
hatred
then
a
dislike
;
because
that
in
such
case
as
to
a
more
greeuous
maladie
,
a
more
potent
medicine
is
necessarie
;
the
which
manie
times
the
Courtier
by
no
means
of
obsequious
diligence
shal
be
able
to
finde
;
whereupon
hee
must
haue
recourse
to
the
helpe
of
intercession
and
mediation
by
some
others
,
as
the
Princes
kindred
,
his
friends
,
and
other
Courtiers
in
greatest
fauour
.
But
if
none
of
these
courses
can
stay
the
wrath
nor
appease
the
same
,
so
that
the
hope
of
recouerie
of
fauour
be
wholly
extinct
,
the
End
and
Scope
of
his
seruice
being
taken
away
:
it
necessarily
followeth
,
that
the
societie
also
betweene
the
Prince
and
the
Courtier
should
be
dissolued
by
his
abandoning
and
leauing
of
the
seruice
.
This
resolution
must
bee
taken
but
vpon
vrgent
necessitie
,
for
that
otherwise
it
would
come
seldome
to
passe
,
but
that
the
Courtier
should
incur
great
detriment
,
either
by
opinion
of
some
speciall
want
in
him
,
and
chiefly
in
those
that
haue
liued
in
greatest
fauour
;
or
of
some
rash
presumption
,
as
supposing
nothing
can
coequall
his
deserts
;
or
of
an
inconstancie
of
nature
which
will
neuer
continue
long
in
one
course
;
or
finally
,
by
the
losse
of
a
Princes
protection
,
besides
his
time
,
&
it
may
be
,
the
flower
of
his
age
vainely
spent
,
and
to
small
purpose
;
things
all
of
them
of
speciall
regard
and
estimation
.
But
when
the
case
is
desperate
,
it
shall
bee
better
to
bestow
the
remnant
of
his
life
,
in
some
other
seruice
or
imploiment
,
then
vnfruitfully
to
serue
,
where
he
may
sooner
expect
a
sudden
discharge
,
than
hope
to
compasse
any
of
those
Ends
,
which
whosoeuer
serueth
in
Court
doth
aime
at
and
propound
.
*
⁎
*
FINIS
.