This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
Written
first
in
F.
F.
Richard
Hodgkinsonne
Daniel
Frere
[
The
Painting
of
the
Antients
&c.
]
D.
Arch.
Cant.
MY
purpose
is
,
by
Gods
assistance
,
to
set
forth
the
as
in
old
times
it
hath
begun
,
as
it
was
promoted
,
as
it
came
to
that
wonderfull
perfection
mentioned
in
ancient
Authors
.
The
first
booke
toucheth
the
first
beginnings
of
Picture
.
The
second
booke
propoundeth
diverse
meanes
tending
to
the
advancement
of
this
Art
.
The
third
booke
speaketh
of
the
maine
grounds
of
Art
,
the
which
being
well
observed
by
the
old
Artificers
,
made
them
come
neerer
to
the
height
of
perfection
.
As
concerning
the
First
booke
,
after
a
generall
observation
of
the
inbred
delight
men
take
in
the
imitation
of
the
workes
of
Nature
,
wee
doe
therein
urge
somewhat
further
,
that
this
delight
stirred
up
by
our
imagination
emboldeneth
it selfe
,
and
still
doth
by
little
and
little
undertake
greater
matters
,
shunning
onely
that
same
immoderate
study
of
such
foolish
and
giddy-headed
fancies
,
as
young
beginners
often
are
carried
away
withall
.
Seeing
also
that
many
Artificers
seeme
to
have
drawne
that
same
love
of
new-fangled
conceits
from
I
did
not
thinke
it
amisse
to
shew
what
affinitie
there
is
between
adding
upon
the
same
occasion
,
how
they
are
to
prepare
themselves
that
would
willingly
attaine
to
some
skill
in
judging
the
workes
of
excellent
Masters
.
Plin.
lib.
II.
nat.
hist.
ca.
Lib.
II.
nat.
bist
.
cap.
Diogenes
Laertius
,
lib.
II
a
creature
approaching
neerest
unto
God
,
and
ordained
to
the
contemplation
of
the
things
contained
in
the
world
Arriani
Epict.
lib.
Dionys
.
Longinus
de
sublimi
orat
.
I
amblichus
in
Protrept
.
cap.
man
himselfe
is
borne
to
contemplate
and
to
imitate
the
world
;
not
being
any
manner
of
way
perfect
,
but
onely
a
small
parcell
of
what
is
perfect
.
The
painters
after
the
mixing
of
their
colours
,
endeavour
to
set
forth
a
lively
similitude
of
diverse
visible
things
:
thus
doe
they
paint
reasonable
and
unreasonable
creatures
,
trees
,
warres
,
battels
,
streames
of
bloud
,
pikes
,
Kings
,
ordinary
men
;
they
make
also
a
royall
throne
,
the
King
sitting
,
a
barbarous
enemy
throwne
downe
under
his
feet
,
the
points
of
speares
,
running
rivers
,
goodly
medowes
:
to
be
short
,
they
prepare
unto
the
spectators
a
very
pleasant
sight
,
whilest
they
study
by
the
force
of
their
Art
to
expresse
all
manner
of
visible
things
.
Isidorus
Pelusiota
the
Painters
Lib.
III.
epist.
when
they
make
bodily
shapes
of
things
without
bodie
,
use
sometimes
to
paint
a
lone
hand
which
setteth
a
crowne
upon
the
head
of
the
Princes
of
this
world
;
signifying
,
that
this
soveraign
power
is
given
them
from
heaven
.
Socrates
the
Painters
studie
with
their
colours
to
expresse
,
hollow
and
swelling
,
darke
and
lightsome
,
hard
and
soft
,
rough
and
smooth
,
new
and
old
bodies
.
Plinie
xxxv
Theophylactus
Simocatus
Painters
undertake
to
expresse
such
things
as
Nature
is
not
able
to
doe
.
Such
as
carve
images
Maximus
Tyrius
having
gathered
all
that
in
severall
bodies
is
reputed
to
be
faire
,
bring
it
by
the
means
of
their
art
in
one
singular
imitation
of
a
convenient
,
pure
,
and
well-proportioned
beautie
to
passe
;
neither
shall
you
find
in
haste
a
body
so
accurately
exact
,
as
to
compare
it
with
the
beautie
of
a
statue
:
For
the
Arts
doe
ever
seeke
what
is
fairest
.
Ovid
had
a
pleasing
livelinesse
in
his
countenance
,
and
for
as
much
as
he
was
like
a
man
,
so
came
his
necke
,
his
shoulders
,
his
hands
,
his
brest
,
neerest
of
all
to
the
praise-worthy
images
of
the
Artists
.
Protesilaus
,
Euphorbus
,
Neoptolemus
If
you
doe
take
a
man
brought
forth
by
Nature
,
and
another
made
by
the
art
of
carving
;
yet
shall
not
he
that
is
made
by
Nature
wholly
seeme
statelier
:
For
Art
doth
many
things
more
exactly
.
Ovid
Pigmalion
did
carve
the
snow-white
ivorie
image
with
such
a
luckie
dexteritie
,
that
it
was
altogether
impossible
such
a
woman
should
be
borne
.
Apollonius
Tyaneus
that
which
is
best
,
is
alway
hard
to
be
found
out
,
hard
to
be
judged
.
the
imitation
of
a
most
absolute
beautie
is
ever
most
hard
and
difficult
;
and
as
it
is
an
easie
matter
to
set
forth
a
true
similitude
of
deformitie
by
her
owne
markes
,
so
on
the
contrary
the
similitude
of
a
perfect
beautie
is
as
rarely
:
seene
as
the
beautie
it selfe
.
perfect
beautie
,
which
of
necessitie
must
be
but
one
.
Parrhasius
,
seeing
it
is
not
so
easie
,
to
meet
with
anyone
that
doth
altogether
consist
of
irreprehensible
parts
,
so
is
it
,
that
you
having
chosen
out
of
every
part
of
severall
bodies
what
is
fittest
for
your
turne
,
bring
to
passe
that
the
whole
figures
made
by
your
Art
seeme
to
be
most
comely
and
beautifull
.
an
ancient
invention
,
and
altogether
agreeing
with
Nature
.
Orat.
Instit.
lib.
II.
cap.
all
such
things
as
are
accomplished
by
Art
,
doe
ever
draw
their
first
beginnings
out
of
Nature
:
the
greater
part
of
Arts
Lib.
X.
c.
doth
consist
in
Imitation
:
so
is
it
likewise
an
usuall
thing
in
the
whole
course
of
our
life
,
that
we
our selves
study
alwayes
to
do
what
we
like
in
others
:
children
follow
the
copies
which
are
set
them
,
untill
they
get
a
perfect
habit
of
writing
:
Musicians
expresse
the
voice
of
their
teachers
:
Painters
imitate
the
workes
of
their
predecessors
:
husbandmen
doe
frame
themselves
after
the
prosperous
experience
of
them
that
tilled
their
ground
with
good
successe
:
and
we
doe
alwayes
in
the
first
entrance
of
all
kind
of
learning
,
order
our
labours
after
an
example
propounded
unto
us
.
shall
undergoe
these
two
inconveniences
Lib.
V.
cap.
as
to
say
alway
too
much
,
and
yet
never
to
say
all
.
No
body
doth
so
excell
in
greater
matters
,
Lib.
II.
cap.
as
to
faile
in
lesser
:
unlesse
by
chance
made
best
of
all
,
but
that
some
body
els
should
have
been
better
at
the
making
of
such
things
as
the
worke
was
to
be
garnished
withall
.
as
in
other
Arts
when
the
hardest
things
are
propounded
,
there
is
no
need
that
the
rest
should
be
delivered
after
a
laborious
and
toilesome
manner
,
as
being
now
easie
and
resembling
the
things
taught
afore
;
so
in
the
Art
of
Painting
,
if
any
one
hath
throughly
learned
how
to
paint
a
man
,
the
same
shall
likewise
know
how
to
paint
a
man
of
what
shape
and
age
he
himselfe
listeth
,
although
it
may
be
he
never
learned
to
make
any
such
figures
apart
by
themselves
:
neither
is
it
to
be
feared
,
that
he
who
can
paint
a
Lyon
or
a
Bull
passing
well
,
should
not
be
able
to
doe
the
same
in
many
other
beasts
that
walke
upon
four
feet
.
Quintilian
;
a
Master
must
every
day
,
Lib.
VII
.
cap.
by
severall
examples
shew
the
order
and
connexion
of
things
;
to
the
end
that
by
a
continuall
practice
,
we
should
still
passe
on
to
things
of
the
like
nature
:
for
it
is
impossible
to
propound
all
what
may
be
imitated
by
Art
:
neither
is
there
any
Painter
that
hath
learned
to
imitate
all
naturall
things
;
but
having
once
perceived
the
true
manner
of
imitating
,
he
shall
easily
hit
the
similitude
of
such
things
as
shall
be
offered
him
.
Art
of
painting
Aquila
Romanus
all
things
almost
that
are
contained
in
the
first
precepts
,
are
put
in
practice
by
quick-witted
men
,
not
so
much
out
of
knowledge
as
by
chance
.
It
is
left
onely
that
we
bring
to
their
workes
some
kind
of
learning
,
and
a
great
deale
of
attention
,
to
the
end
that
we
might
not
onely
perceive
such
virtues
as
unawares
they
have
imparted
to
us
,
but
that
wee
also
might
have
them
afterwards
at
command
as
often
as
occasion
shall
require
.
the
knowledg
of
all
such
kind
of
Arts
,
Sidonius
Apollinaris
is
by
nature
more
gorgeously
precious
,
how
lesse
common
.
The
facultie
of
Painters
knoweth
no
end
in
painting
,
but
findeth
still
something
to
change
or
to
adde
;
and
it
is
altogether
impossible
that
beautie
and
similitude
should
receive
such
an
absolute
consummation
,
as
not
to
admit
any
further
encrease
.
Lib.
II.
de
Re
militari
,
cap.
all
kind
of
worke
seemeth
to
be
hard
before
we
doe
try
it
.
wheresoever
you
doe
bend
your
wit
,
Salust
,
it
will
prevaile
.
Maximus
Tyrius
what
is
there
which
the
all-daring
soule
of
a
man
cannot
cunningly
find
out
,
when
shee
hath
but
a
mind
to
it
?
It
is
a
most
shamefull
thing
,
to
grow
weary
,
when
the
thing
we
study
to
obtain
is
of
great
worth
.
Lib.
XII
.
cap.
antiquitie
hath
furnished
us
with
such
a
number
of
Masters
and
examples
,
that
no
age
may
seem
happier
in
condition
of
birth
,
then
this
our
present
age
;
seeing
all
the
former
ages
did
not
thinke
it
much
to
sweat
for
our
instruction
.
It
no
is
small
glory
Lib.
XI
.
de
Re
rust
.
c.
to
be
made
partaker
of
a
great
and
worthy
matter
,
how
soever
it
be
but
a
little
you
do
possesse
.
The
first
of
the
Muses
is
named
which
name
she
hath
out
of
a
Greek
word
,
signifying
fame
:
and
by
this
name
there
is
infinuated
unto
us
the
first
and
greatest
motive
that
stirreth
in
us
a
desire
of
learning
:
seeing
the
knowledge
of
good
Arts
and
Sciences
doth
extend
our
fame
to
the
memory
of
late
posterities
.
The
second
is
that
is
,
full
of
delight
;
for
as
we
doe
first
seeke
knowledge
,
so
do
we
afterwards
delight
in
seeking
.
The
third
is
that
is
,
setling
of
meditation
;
for
as
there
followeth
upon
our
first
resolution
a
desire
to
effect
what
we
have
resolved
upon
,
so
doth
there
upon
this
resolution
follow
an
attentive
earnestnesse
to
obtaine
our
longing
.
The
fourth
is
that
is
,
apprehension
;
for
it
is
ever
seen
that
the
apprehension
,
in
a
mind
not
altogether
uncapable
,
doth
follow
upon
the
earnestnesse
of
attention
.
The
fifth
is
that
is
,
the
remembrance
of
many
things
;
for
it
is
most
of
all
required
after
the
apprehension
,
that
we
should
perfectly
remember
the
things
rightly
apprehended
.
The
sixt
is
that
is
,
finding
something
like
;
for
it
may
justly
be
exspected
,
that
the
Artificer
after
a
well-remembred
knowledge
,
should
invent
something
of
his
owne
,
not
unlike
the
things
apprehended
and
remembred
by
him
.
The
seventh
is
that
is
,
delighting
in
the
instruction
;
for
it
doth
follow
upon
the
invention
of
new
matters
,
that
we
should
judge
of
them
and
discerne
them
cheerfully
.
The
eight
is
that
is
,
heavenly
;
for
wee
doe
after
this
care
of
judging
make
choice
of
such
things
as
are
fit
to
be
further
wrought
upon
,
leaving
the
rest
;
which
is
the
worke
of
a
high
and
heavenly
wit
.
The
ninth
is
that
is
,
of
a
good
utterance
.
The
whole
connexion
is
thus
linked
together
.
The
first
degree
is
,
that
wee
desire
knowledge
:
the
second
,
that
we
delight
in
this
desire
:
the
third
,
that
we
doe
eagerly
follow
the
thing
wee
thus
delight
in
:
the
fourth
,
that
wee
doe
apprehend
the
thing
followed
:
the
fift
,
that
wee
remember
what
we
once
apprehended
:
the
sixt
,
that
wee
doe
invent
something
like
unto
the
remembred
apprehensions
:
the
seventh
,
that
wee
examine
and
discerne
our
inventions
:
the
eight
,
that
wee
choose
the
best
of
those
things
we
have
judged
and
discerned
:
the
ninth
,
that
wee
doe
well
expresse
the
things
well
chosen
.
Our
mind
maketh
up
the
conceivable
or
intelligible
things
out
of
the
sensible
:
for
as
our
senses
doe
certifie
us
of
the
figure
,
colour
,
bignesse
,
smell
,
softnesse
,
and
taste
of
an
apple
;
so
doth
our
mind
out
of
these
things
bring
together
the
true
apprehension
of
an
apple
:
so
falleth
it
likewise
out
with
great
figures
,
that
our
sense
seeth
the
parts
of
them
,
but
our
mind
putteth
them
hole
figure
out
of
those
visible
parts
together
.
The
mistius
the
phantasie
Paraphr
.
in
lib.
III.
Arist.
de
Animâ
,
vide
quoque
ejusdem
Themistii
parap
.
in
Arist.
de
Memoriâ
&
reminiscentiâ
Maxime
tamen
Alexandrum
Aphrodisiensem
lib.
is
like
a
print
or
footstep
of
sense
:
for
as
a
leaver
mooved
by
the
hand
mooveth
a
stone
,
and
as
the
sea
stirred
by
the
winde
stirreth
a
ship
,
so
is
it
no
wonder
at
all
that
our
sense
should
be
subject
to
the
same
:
for
our
sense
being
stirred
by
outward
sensible
things
,
and
receiving
the
shape
of
such
things
as
doe
stirre
it
,
stirreth
also
in
perfect
creatures
another
power
of
the
soule
,
commonly
called
whose
nature
is
to
lay
up
the
prints
delivered
her
by
sense
,
and
to
seale
them
up
after
so
sure
a
manner
,
as
to
keepe
still
the
footsteps
of
the
same
,
after
that
now
the
visible
things
are
gone
out
of
our
sight
.
Some
Artificers
can
imitate
the
workes
of
others
most
accurately
;
where
as
other
workmen
have
rather
an
inventive
qualitie
,
to
devise
wonderfull
workes
for
the
use
of
man
:
so
hath
he
that
first
made
a
ship
,
phantastically
conceived
a
platform
of
what
be
meant
to
make
.
whatsoever
is
made
after
a
conceived
or
intelligible
thing
,
is
faire
whatsoever
on
the
contrary
is
made
after
a
thing
generated
,
is
not
faire
.
For
he
that
maketh
any
thing
after
intelligible
things
,
must
needs
make
it
like
the
conceived
things
,
or
else
unlike
:
if
he
doth
make
it
like
by
imitation
,
so
is
it
that
the
imitation
of
necessitie
shall
be
faire
;
seeing
there
is
in
the
conceived
things
a
principall
beautie
:
but
if
the
Imitation
be
unlike
,
then
doth
he
not
make
it
after
the
conceived
things
;
seeing
he
doth
more
and
more
swarve
aside
from
the
similitude
of
what
is
truely
faire
.
Likewise
he
that
maketh
any
thing
after
the
example
of
things
generated
,
shall
never
,
as
long
namely
as
he
doth
fix
his
eyes
upon
them
,
attaine
to
what
is
perfectly
beautifull
;
seeing
the
things
generated
are
full
of
deformed
disproportions
,
and
far
remoted
from
the
principall
true
beautie
.
Hence
it
is
that
when
he
made
did
not
cast
his
eyes
upon
any
thing
generated
,
but
he
fetched
the
patterne
of
his
worke
out
of
a
conceived
after
Nothing
is
in
my
opinion
so
beautifull
,
but
we
must
alwayes
conceive
that
to
be
fairer
from
whence
the
former
,
even
as
an
image
was
wont
to
be
made
after
a
face
,
is
expressed
;
which
cannot
be
perceived
by
our
eyes
,
nor
eares
,
nor
any
of
our
senses
,
since
we
doe
apprehend
it
onely
by
thought
and
minde
.
Hence
it
is
that
we
can
imagine
something
fairer
yet
then
his
images
,
although
our
eyes
cannot
behold
any
thing
fairer
in
that
kinde
.
Neither
did
that
same
Artificer
,
when
he
made
the
images
of
fixe
his
eyes
upon
one
after
whom
he
should
draw
such
a
similitude
;
but
there
did
abide
in
his
minde
an
exquisite
forme
of
beautie
,
upon
the
which
he
staring
,
directed
both
his
Art
and
his
hand
to
the
similitude
of
the
same
.
There
is
then
in
the
forme
and
shape
of
things
a
certaine
perfection
and
excellencie
,
unto
whose
conceived
figure
such
things
by
imitation
are
referred
as
cannot
be
seene
.
a
most
grave
Author
and
teacher
,
not
of
knowing
onely
,
but
also
of
speaking
,
doth
call
these
figures
Ideas
.
Phidias
saw
not
Jupiter
Lib.
X.
Controver.
yet
hath
he
made
him
as
thundering
.
stood
not
before
the
eyes
of
the
Artificer
;
his
mind
for
all
that
,
worthy
of
such
an
Art
,
hath
rightly
conceived
the
Gods
,
and
exhibited
them
.
This
same
majesty
can
then
onely
be
expressed
,
Lib.
VIII
.
Contro.
when
our
mind
fore-seeth
and
fore-casteth
the
whole
worke
.
Philostratus
Apollonius
Tyaneus
Lib.
VI.
de
vitâ
Apollonii
,
cap.
It
is
so
,
sayth
climbing
up
to
heaven
,
and
there
expressing
the
severall
shapes
of
the
Gods
,
have
afterwards
applied
them
to
the
Art
,
or
is
there
something
else
that
hath
taught
these
Artificers
to
counterfeit
.
Something
else
,
replied
and
that
full
of
wisedome
.
What
is
that
?
sayth
againe
;
seeing
you
can
,
besides
the
Imitation
,
name
nothing
.
Phantasie
,
answered
hath
accomplished
these
things
;
an
Artificer
farre
exceeding
Imitation
in
wisedome
:
for
Imitation
doth
worke
out
nothing
but
what
shee
hath
seene
:
Phantasie
on
the
contrary
doth
take
in
hand
also
what
shee
hath
not
seene
;
for
shee
propoundeth
unto
her selfe
unknowne
things
with
a
relation
to
such
things
as
are
.
A
certaine
kinde
of
astonishment
doth
also
often
hinder
our
Imitation
;
whereas
nothing
can
disturbe
the
Phantasie
,
being
once
resolved
to
follow
undauntedly
what
shee
undertaketh
.
As
for
an
Artificer
that
meaneth
to
conceive
in
his
minde
an
image
not
unworthy
of
the
same
must
see
him
accompanied
with
the
foure
seasons
of
the
yeare
,
with
the
constellations
,
with
the
whole
heaven
:
for
such
a
one
did
then
imagine
.
He
likewise
that
doth
intend
to
make
an
image
wherein
there
might
be
perceived
some
resemblance
of
must
see
her
with
the
looke
shee
hath
at
the
marshalling
of
great
Armies
,
or
when
she
busieth
her selfe
about
devices
of
counsell
and
inventions
of
Art
,
yea
he
must
propound
her
unto
himselfe
as
shee
came
gallantly
leaping
forth
out
of
his
braine
What
shall
we
doe
Lib.
X.
Controvers.
if
wee
are
to
paint
a
battle
?
shall
wee
arme
two
severall
parties
,
to
see
them
discomfit
one
another
?
must
wee
needs
see
how
a
sad
and
dejected
multitude
of
captives
commeth
drouping
after
the
lascivious
shouting
,
though
all
beblouded
conquerours
?
as
if
the
greatest
part
of
mankinde
had
better
perish
,
then
the
Painter
faile
.
wee
shall
with
much
ease
attaine
to
this
,
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
VI.
c.
if
wee
are
but
willing
:
for
as
among
the
manifold
remissions
of
our
minde
among
our
idle
hopes
and
wakefull
dreames
,
these
Images
do
follow
us
so
close
,
that
wee
seeme
to
travell
,
to
saile
,
to
bestirre
our selves
mightily
in
a
hot
fight
,
to
make
a
speech
in
the
middest
of
great
assemblies
,
yea
wee
doe
solively
propound
all
these
things
unto
our
minds
,
as
if
the
doing
of
them
kept
us
so
busie
,
and
not
the
thinking
:
shall
wee
then
not
turne
this
same
vice
of
our
minde
to
a
more
profitable
employment
?
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
I.
ca.
as
birds
doe
delight
in
flying
,
horses
in
running
,
wild
beasts
in
fiercenesse
,
so
is
the
quick
stirring
of
our
minde
most
proper
unto
us
:
whence
it
ariseth
also
that
our
soule
is
beleeved
to
draw
her
originall
from
heaven
.
As
for
blunt
and
indocible
wits
,
it
is
certaine
that
they
are
as
little
brought
forth
after
the
nature
of
man
,
as
prodigious
and
monstrous
bodies
;
but
these
are
very
few
.
It
serveth
for
proofe
,
that
there
is
most
commonly
in
children
a
sweet-promising
hope
of
many
things
perceived
;
the
which
in
processe
of
time
decaying
and
perishing
,
doth
manifestly
shew
that
there
was
no
defect
of
nature
in
them
,
but
onely
want
of
care
.
we
shall
doe
well
at
the
first
to
strive
against
all
such
inconveniences
,
Orat.
Instit.
lib.
X.
ca.
accustoming
our
minde
to
such
a
stedfast
constancy
of
conceiving
,
as
to
overcome
all
other
impediments
by
the
earnestnesse
of
our
intention
:
for
if
we
do
altogether
bend
this
same
intention
upon
the
things
conceived
,
our
mind
shall
never
take
notice
of
any
thing
the
eyes
doe
see
,
the
eares
doe
heare
.
Doe
not
casuall
and
ordinary
deep
thoughts
bring
many
times
to
passe
that
we
cannot
see
them
that
run
full
but
upon
us
,
and
that
we
doe
sometimes
stray
from
the
way
we
are
very
well
acquainted
with
?
So
is
it
then
more
likely
that
a
purposed
resolution
may
doe
the
same
.
Neither
are
we
to
give
way
to
all
such
occasions
as
may
serve
for
an
excuse
of
slouthfulnesse
:
for
if
we
begin
once
to
thinke
that
there
is
no
time
of
studying
,
but
when
we
are
sufficiently
refreshed
,
merrily
disposed
,
and
free
from
all
other
cares
,
we
shall
ever
find
some
pretences
of
lazinesse
.
Let
our
Imagination
therefore
among
multitudes
of
people
,
in
journeys
,
in
banquets
withdraw
it selfe
to
some
secrecie
.
Our
wardrobes
,
when
they
are
once
filled
up
,
can
take
no
more
,
De
Animâ
.
cap.
this
treasury
of
our
minde
is
not
overloaden
in
haste
;
but
the
more
it
hath
put
up
,
the
more
it
craveth
:
Philopaemen
had
singular
skill
in
leading
of
an
Army
and
choosing
a
fit
place
where
to
pitch
the
camp
,
neither
had
he
in
times
of
warre
onely
exercised
his
minde
to
it
,
but
also
in
times
of
peace
.
If
he
among
his
travells
did
chance
to
meet
with
a
forest
wherein
he
saw
some
difficultie
,
having
viewed
on
all
sides
the
nature
of
the
place
,
he
would
forecast
within
himselfe
if
he
went
alone
,
or
enquire
of
others
if
he
had
any
company
about
him
,
what
if
the
enemy
should
appeare
in
that
same
place
assailing
his
forces
at
the
fore-front
,
at
either
side
,
or
from
behinde
,
what
course
were
then
best
for
him
to
take
?
He
did
likewise
bethinke
himselfe
that
his
enemies
might
come
upon
him
in
a
battell
aray
ready
to
fight
,
or
else
meet
him
after
a
confused
and
disorderly
manner
;
so
did
he
then
consider
or
enquire
what
place
was
fittest
for
him
;
how
many
armed
men
,
and
what
kind
of
Armour
(
holding
that
point
also
considerable
)
there
might
be
required
for
present
use
,
where
he
should
bestow
the
baggage
,
together
with
the
unwarlike
multitude
,
as
also
with
what
and
how
great
a
troupe
he
might
guard
them
.
Furthermore
,
did
he
looke
about
whether
he
had
better
march
on
in
his
way
,
or
else
goe
backe
the
same
way
he
came
;
where
he
should
lodge
his
Armie
;
how
much
ground
his
rampires
should
aske
;
not
neglecting
in
the
meane
time
to
spie
out
a
convenience
for
watering
,
as
also
where
his
forces
might
have
good
store
of
fodder
and
wood
;
which
way
and
in
what
order
he
should
remove
his
campe
the
next
day
.
With
these
cares
and
imaginations
had
he
from
his
youth
so
exercised
his
minde
,
that
nothing
in
such
a
case
could
be
new
unto
him
.
Thankes
be
to
God
Lib.
III.
de
Ponto
,
Eleg.
our
minde
hath
leave
to
goe
any
where
.
it
were
a
great
deal
better
to
follow
sudden
and
unpremeditated
conceits
,
Orat.
Instit.
lib.
X.
ca.
then
to
be
troubled
with
such
Imaginations
as
doe
not
hang
handsomely
Art
of
Painting
Var.
histor.
lib.
X.
c.
this
is
an
oxe
,
this
is
a
horse
,
this
is
a
tree
.
Plin.
nat.
hist.
li.
xxxv
.
cap.
the
shadow
of
a
man
drawne
about
with
lines
.
there
is
nothing
Tullie
speaketh
both
invented
and
finished
at
a
time
.
Arnohius
the
Arts
are
not
together
with
our
minds
sent
forth
out
of
the
heavenly
places
,
but
all
of
them
are
found
out
here
in
earth
,
and
are
in
processe
of
time
soft
and
faire
forged
by
a
continuall
meditation
.
Our
poor
and
needy
life
perceiving
some
casuall
things
to
fall
out
prosperously
,
whilest
it
doth
imitate
,
attempt
,
and
try
,
whilest
it
doth
slip
,
reforme
,
and
change
,
hath
out
of
this
same
assiduous
reprehension
,
made
up
small
sciences
of
Arts
,
the
which
it
hath
afterwards
by
study
brought
to
some
perfection
.
Such
as
never
endeavour
to
stand
upon
their
own
legges
,
follow
their
predecessors
,
first
in
such
things
as
were
never
called
in
question
,
afterwards
in
such
things
as
doe
require
further
search
.
It
is
in
the
meane
time
certaine
that
we
shall
finde
nothing
,
if
we
doe
content
our selves
with
what
was
found
alreadie
.
He
likewise
that
followeth
the
steppes
of
any
other
man
,
doth
even
as
much
as
if
he
did
follow
nothing
at
all
;
neither
doth
he
find
any
thing
,
because
he
doth
not
so
much
as
seeke
any
thing
.
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
X.
ca.
doth
receive
any
encrease
by
Imitation
alone
;
and
,
if
it
had
been
altogether
unlawfull
to
adde
anything
to
the
former
,
there
should
be
as
yet
no
other
Picture
but
such
a
one
as
did
at
the
first
expresse
the
uttermost
lines
of
the
shadows
which
bodies
make
in
the
Sunne
.
If
you
doe
runne
over
all
the
Arts
,
you
shall
find
that
no
Art
hath
contained
her
within
the
narrow
bounds
of
her
beginnings
;
neither
have
we
any
reason
to
thinke
that
these
our
times
onely
should
be
so
unfortunate
,
as
that
nothing
now
can
wax
better
:
it
is
then
requisite
,
that
such
also
as
doe
not
covet
to
be
the
first
,
should
for
all
that
rather
study
to
outgoe
then
to
follow
:
for
he
that
striveth
to
goe
before
,
may
by
chance
keepe
an
even
pace
with
the
formost
,
although
he
cannot
out-run
him
;
whereas
on
the
contrary
,
he
can
never
keepe
an
even
pace
with
any
one
whose
steppes
he
meaneth
most
carefully
to
follow
;
seeing
he
that
followeth
,
must
needs
be
the
last
.
So
is
it
for
the
most
part
easier
to
doe
more
,
then
even
just
the
same
:
for
there
is
such
a
difficultie
in
similitude
,
that
Nature
it selfe
hath
never
been
able
to
bring
to
passe
that
things
most
like
one
unto
another
should
not
be
discerned
by
one
or
other
difference
:
besides
that
whatsoever
beareth
the
similitude
of
any
other
thing
,
must
of
necessitie
come
short
of
the
thing
it
doth
resemble
;
seeing
the
things
we
take
for
examples
of
our
Imitation
,
doe
contain
in
themselves
the
true
strength
and
livelinesse
of
Nature
;
the
Imitation
on
the
contrary
,
is
ever
fained
and
sometimes
also
corrupted
by
some
kind
of
forced
affectation
.
a
great
many
Lib.
V.
c.
being
intangled
in
those
inevitable
snares
,
have
lost
also
the
best
endeavours
their
wit
could
suggest
them
;
and
looking
backe
after
I
know
not
what
Master
,
they
have
forsaken
the
surest
and
best
leader
,
Nature
it selfe
.
It
is
impossible
to
excell
in
any
thing
,
Dio
Chrysostomus
unlesse
we
do
strive
with
them
that
are
most
excellent
.
Continuall
labour
would
be
good
for
nothing
,
Lib.
III.
cap.
if
it
were
unlawfull
to
find
out
better
things
then
are
found
already
.
Whosoever
meaneth
to
learne
any
thing
,
must
not
think
it
impossible
that
one
man
should
goe
thorough
all
.
It
is
most
shamefull
,
Lib.
I
,
c.
to
despaire
of
such
things
as
may
be
effected
.
Wee
doe
see
that
Arts
and
all
other
Sciences
are
gone
forward
,
Isocrates
,
not
by
their
means
that
containe
themselues
within
the
compasse
of
things
once
setled
,
but
by
the
means
of
such
as
goe
about
to
mend
some
thing
,
stirring
alwayes
what
in
their
opinion
is
not
yet
right
.
Time
hath
found
out
and
mended
many
necessary
things
,
All
things
are
not
made
after
a
patterne
;
nay
all
things
that
are
made
,
have
had
their
beginning
;
and
before
they
were
made
,
they
were
not
at
all
:
whatsoever
is
more
profitable
,
must
alwayes
be
preferred
before
the
things
accustomed
.
Quintil.
lib.
VIII
,
cap.
Quintil.
x.
Quintil.
X.
Quintil.
X
Venus
,
Anadyomene
Quintil.
X.
Quintil.
X
Apelles
,
Protogenes
,
and
other
excellent
Artificers
deserve
no
blame
,
for
refusing
to
follow
the
steps
of
Mycon
,
Diores
,
Arymnas
,
and
some
other
of
their
predecessors
;
Lysippus
also
hath
not
so
much
followed
the
errours
of
the
former
masters
,
as
the
Art
it selfe
:
every
Arte
Arriani
Epict
.
lib.
II
,
cap.
hath
a
certaine
kind
of
stedfastnesse
and
hardinesse
in
such
things
as
doe
concerne
her
.
an
open
field
is
fitter
for
Art
,
Orat.
instit
.
Lib.
V
,
cap.
then
a
straight
foot-path
:
shee
should
not
be
collected
out
of
narrow
pipes
,
as
fountaines
usually
are
;
but
rather
over-flowe
whole
valleys
,
after
the
manner
of
broad
rivers
,
making
her selfe
a
way
where
she
findeth
none
:
for
what
is
there
more
miserable
then
to
be
alwayes
tied
to
a
set
kinde
of
imitation
,
even
as
children
doe
follow
the
prescribed
Letters
?
a
sure
way
,
deserveth
to
bee
commended
only
what
on
the
contrary
runneth
hazard
,
is
moreover
admired
a
great
many
Arts
Lib.
IX
,
epist.
are
most
of
all
commended
for
things
dangerous
:
so
do
we
daily
see
what
great
shouting
rope-dauncers
put
spectatours
to
,
when
they
handsomly
recover
themselves
after
a
perillous
staggering
and
reeling
:
whatsoever
is
subject
to
many
dangers
,
and
yet
scapeth
beyond
expectation
,
seemeth
alwayes
to
deserve
admiration
:
so
hath
not
the
vertue
of
a
pilot
an
equall
esteem
,
when
hee
saileth
in
a
calme
,
and
in
a
boisterous
sea
:
then
,
being
admired
by
no
body
,
hee
putteth
into
the
haven
without
praise
or
glorie
:
but
when
the
wind-shaken
ropes
rumble
and
rustle
,
when
the
mast
bendeth
,
when
the
sterne
groaneth
,
then
is
he
extolled
and
judged
to
come
neere
the
Gods
of
the
sea
.
the
witts
now
a
daies
Dyonysius
Longinus
runne
corybant-like
madde
after
all
kind
of
new-fangled
conceits
:
for
of
whom
wee
have
the
best
things
,
the
worst
also
love
most
commonly
to
be
brought
forth
by
them
:
thus
falleth
it
out
Lib.
II.
trov.
that
hard-favoured
,
illcountenanced
damsels
are
very
often
chaste
and
undefiled
;
not
so
much
for
lack
of
will
,
as
for
want
of
a
corrupter
:
it
is
an
infallible
marke
of
an
excellent
wit
,
not
to
be
carried
away
so
much
by
the
goodnesse
of
it
,
as
to
use
it
amisse
.
to
have
his
minde
like
unto
a
pure
,
bright
looking-glasse
,
the
which
also
being
of
an
accurat
center
,
sheweth
the
true
images
of
things
even
as
it
receiveth
them
,
not
admitting
any
distorted
,
false-coloured
,
otherwise
shaped
figures
:
the
Art
of
Painting
is
a
resembling
of
visible
things
:
the
auncients
Lib.
IV
,
cap.
did
judge
that
such
things
could
not
be
resembled
with
anyshew
of
truth
,
which
were
disagreeing
from
the
true
nature
of
things
:
for
they
were
wont
to
draw
every
thing
to
the
perfection
of
their
workes
out
of
one
or
other
undeniable
propertie
of
Nature
;
approving
only
of
such
Images
as
after
a
ripe
debate
were
found
to
admit
an
explication
consenting
with
Nature
:
Let
the
Picture
bee
an
image
,
Lib.
VII
,
cap.
of
a
thing
that
is
,
or
at
least
can
bee
;
of
a
man
namely
,
of
a
house
,
of
a
shippe
,
and
such
like
things
,
out
of
whose
limited
shapes
our
Imitation
propoundeth
it selfe
an
example
:
the
auncients
therefore
were
wont
to
adorne
such
parlours
as
were
for
the
spring
and
harvest
time
,
such
porches
also
and
long
entries
as
were
for
Summer
,
with
all
kinde
of
Pictures
drawne
out
of
the
certaine
truth
of
things
naturall
.
But
those
examples
taken
by
the
Ancients
out
of
true
things
,
are
now
by
reason
of
our
corrupt
manners
utterly
disliked
:
seeing
in
our
plaisterings
there
are
rather
monsters
painted
,
then
any
certaine
images
of
limited
things
:
and
yet
doe
not
men
,
when
they
see
such
false
things
,
rebuke
them
,
but
they
doe
much
more
take
delight
in
them
:
neither
doe
they
marke
whether
any
such
thing
can
be
,
or
not
:
the
weaknesse
of
their
judgement
hath
so
darkened
their
wits
,
that
they
cannot
examine
what
the
authoritie
and
reason
of
decencie
demandeth
:
for
such
Pictures
are
not
to
be
liked
,
as
doe
not
resemble
the
truth
:
and
if
they
are
made
neat
and
fine
by
Art
,
yet
must
wee
not
instantly
approve
of
them
,
unlesse
wee
doe
finde
in
them
some
certaine
kinde
of
arguments
free
from
all
offence
.
There
are
many
at
Rome
which
doe
nothing
at
all
care
for
good
Pictures
and
Statues
,
but
a
man
may
finde
them
alwayes
upon
the
monster-market
,
where
they
stand
and
stare
upon
such
maimed
creatures
as
want
either
legges
or
armes
,
as
have
three
eyes
or
heads
of
Ostriches
,
and
if
there
be
any
other
hideous
detestable
deformitie
:
but
although
at
the
first
they
seeme
very
much
to
be
taken
with
such
kind
of
spectacles
,
yet
will
they
soone
have
their
fill
on
them
,
yea
they
will
loath
them
,
if
you
bring
them
often
before
their
eyes
.
Poeticall
Art
men
doe
not
know
Divin
.
instit
.
lib.
which
be
the
measures
of
poeticall
licence
,
and
how
farre
we
may
give
way
to
our
fancies
;
seeing
a
true
part
doth
consist
chiefly
in
this
,
that
by
some
crooked
and
wandering
kinde
of
conceit
he
doe
decently
turne
the
deeds
of
Gods
and
men
into
a
fabulous
tale
:
for
to
devise
the
whole
related
matter
,
is
the
worke
of
an
idle
braine
,
and
it
becometh
alyar
better
then
a
Poet.
ALL
Arts
that
doe
belong
to
humanitie
,
have
a
common
band
,
and
are
ally'd
one
to
another
,
as
by
a
kind
of
parentage
.
Tertullian
there
is
no
Art
,
but
shee
is
the
mother
of
another
Art
,
or
at
least
of
a
nigh
kindred
:
Poets
,
there
is
a
God
in
us
,
by
whose
tossing
of
us
we
are
enflamed
:
this
same
forwardnesse
hath
in
it selfe
the
seeds
of
a
sacred
minde
.
Painters
,
Nicophanes
had
a
most
forward
mind
,
Lib.
xxxv
,
nat.
hist.
cap.
and
there
are
but
a
few
that
may
be
compared
with
him
in
this
.
the
forwardnes
of
his
mind
,
and
a
certain
inclination
or
pronenesse
to
the
Art
,
have
carried
to
these
things
no
body
can
doe
any
thing
neatly
and
finely
,
unlesse
he
hath
a
very
good
minde
to
it
,
Horace
:
it
hath
been
very
much
questioned
,
whether
Nature
or
Art
doth
accomplish
a
Poeme
.
I
cannot
see
what
helpe
there
is
in
study
without
a
rich
veine
,
or
else
in
a
rude
wit
;
so
doth
one
of
these
two
alwayes
require
the
others
helpe
,
and
they
doe
both
very
lovingly
conspire
.
Quintilian
I
doe
know
well
enough
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
II.
c.
that
many
use
to
aske
here
whether
Art
receiveth
more
helpe
of
Nature
or
of
Doctrine
:
the
which
although
it
be
not
much
appertaining
to
our
purpose
,
seeing
a
compleat
Artificer
cannot
be
made
without
both
;
yet
doe
I
take
it
to
be
a
great
matter
how
the
question
is
propounded
:
for
if
you
divide
the
one
from
either
of
both
parts
,
Nature
can
doe
much
without
Doctrine
,
where
Doctrine
on
the
contrary
cannot
be
without
Nature
:
but
if
there
be
an
equall
meeting
of
them
both
,
so
shall
I
thinke
that
,
both
being
but
reasonable
,
Nature
is
yet
of
greater
moment
;
and
that
accurate
Artificers
notwithstanding
owe
more
unto
Doctrine
then
unto
Nature
:
the
best
husbandman
can
doe
no
good
upon
a
dry
and
barren
ground
;
out
of
a
ranck
ground
will
something
grow
up
,
though
no
body
doth
till
it
;
but
in
a
fertill
ground
shall
the
laborious
husbandman
prevaile
a
great
deal
more
then
the
goodnesse
of
the
ground
it selfe
:
and
if
had
endeavoured
to
carve
an
image
out
of
a
mill-stone
,
I
had
rather
have
a
good
piece
of
rough
Parian
Marble
,
then
such
an
halfe-finished
work
:
but
if
the
Artificer
had
accomplished
it
,
I
should
more
esteeme
in
that
same
worke
the
Art
of
his
hands
,
then
the
costlinesse
of
the
Marble
.
Compare
therefore
Nature
with
the
materiall
,
and
Art
with
Doctrine
:
the
one
doth
worke
,
the
other
is
wrought
upon
:
Art
can
doe
nothing
without
the
materiall
;
whereas
the
materiall
without
Art
hath
her
own
worthinesse
.
So
is
then
the
highest
Art
together
with
the
best
materiall
to
be
desired
.
There
is
in
this
point
some
hidden
and
unspeakable
reason
,
and
as
it
is
truely
sayd
,
that
it
is
the
principall
point
in
Art
to
be
comely
in
what
we
doe
;
so
can
this
comeliness
for
all
that
not
be
had
without
Art
,
neither
can
it
altogether
be
procured
by
Art
:
in
some
Artificers
vertues
are
not
pleasing
;
in
some
on
the
contrary
vices
themselves
are
gracefull
.
Wee
have
seene
great
actors
of
Comedies
,
how
they
were
liked
for
severall
vertues
.
But
this
was
not
so
wonderfull
,
that
the
one
knew
better
how
to
act
Gods
,
modest
young
men
,
good
fathers
,
sober
servants
,
grave
matrones
and
old
women
:
the
other
got
greater
commendations
by
acting
sharpe
old
men
,
shrewd
servants
,
insinuating
parasites
,
wily
bawdes
,
and
all
such
parts
as
did
require
some
noise
and
stirre
:
this
then
was
not
so
strange
I
say
,
seeing
had
also
a
sweeter
voice
,
whereas
his
voice
was
more
vehement
.
Such
properties
are
more
to
be
noted
in
them
,
as
could
not
be
transferred
from
the
one
to
the
other
.
It
became
exceeding
well
to
throw
his
hands
,
to
prolong
sweet
exclamations
in
the
behalfe
of
the
theater
,
to
fill
up
his
garment
with
the
winde
gathered
by
his
stirring
,
to
make
some
gestures
with
his
right
side
;
for
he
had
in
all
this
the
advantage
of
his
stature
,
and
of
a
wonderfull
feature
:
but
was
admired
for
his
running
,
for
his
nimblenes
;
for
the
pulling
in
of
his
neck
,
for
laughing
sometimes
more
then
occasions
of
the
part
he
played
did
require
;
seeing
he
did
this
also
to
gratifie
the
people
,
as
knowing
well
enough
how
the
vulgar
sort
was
taken
with
it
;
and
if
had
gone
about
any
such
thing
,
it
would
have
made
a
most
ill-favoured
shew
.
Wherfore
let
every
one
know
himselfe
;
and
let
him
then
deliberate
about
the
framing
of
his
worke
,
not
onely
with
the
common
precepts
of
Art
,
but
also
with
his
owne
nature
:
neither
is
it
for
all
that
impossible
,
but
that
a
man
may
doe
all
things
or
at
least
the
greatest
part
of
them
after
a
decent
manner
.
In
my
opinion
there
is
no
kinde
of
nature
,
but
wee
shall
observe
many
things
in
the
same
,
the
which
though
they
differ
very
much
,
yet
are
they
alike
praise-worthy
.
There
is
but
one
Art
of
casting
in
Brasse
,
in
the
which
have
been
excellent
;
and
although
the
one
did
very
much
differ
from
the
other
,
yet
would
you
not
have
wished
that
any
one
of
them
should
have
differed
from
himselfe
.
There
is
but
one
Art
&
way
of
Painting
,
in
the
which
although
differ
very
much
,
yet
is
there
none
among
them
all
that
seemeth
to
lacke
any
Art
.
Plin.
lib.
nat.
hist.
cap.
Plutarch
Sympos
.
lib.
Euphranor
.
Varro
de
vitâ
populi
Romani
.
Plinius
nat.
hist.
lib.
Theo
Samius
Quintil.
orat
.
instit
.
lib.
Anthropographus
.
Plin.
Cicero
lib.
de
Inventione
Aristot
.
de
Art.
poëticâ
Propertius
lib.
Apollonius
Rhodius
lib.
I
,
Argonaut
Statius
Papinius
lib.
I.
Thebaid
.
vers.
Hercules
is
made
in
a
Lions
skinne
,
Festus
,
that
men
might
be
put
in
mind
of
the
ancient
habit
:
pantofles
,
slippers
,
patens
are
for
sick
and
old
folkes
.
Philoctetes
therefore
is
painted
in
them
,
as
being
lame
and
sick
:
whereas
Diogenes
and
Crates
,
Ajax
likewise
and
Achilles
are
painted
unshod
:
Jason
his
one
foot
is
shod
,
the
other
bare
:
seeing
hee
left
one
of
his
shoes
in
the
mud
,
when
he
meant
to
passe
over
the
river
Anauros
,
&c.
Valer.
Maximus
Asiatick
,
who
would
have
his
image
made
in
that
habit
,
Lib.
III
,
cap.
because
he
had
somtimes
used
it
.
Apollodorus
,
Androbulus
,
Asclepiodorus
,
Alevas
in
the
Areopagetick
schooles
,
and
in
the
Councell-house
,
Sidonius
Apollinaris
Lib.
IX
,
epist.
there
are
painted
Zeusippus
with
a
crooked
necke
,
Aratus
with
a
necke
bowed
downward
,
Zeno
with
a
wrinckled
forhead
,
Epicurus
with
a
smooth
skinne
,
Diogenes
with
a
hairie
rough
beard
,
Socrates
with
whitish
bright
haire
,
Aristotle
with
a
stretched
out
arme
,
Xenocrates
with
a
leg
somwhat
gathered
up
,
Heraclitus
with
his
eyes
shut
for
crying
,
Democritus
with
his
lips
opened
for
laughing
,
Chrysippus
with
his
fingers
pressed
close
together
,
for
the
signification
of
numbers
,
Euclides
with
his
fingers
put
assunder
for
the
space
of
measures
,
Cleanthes
with
his
fingers
for
both
reasons
gnawne
about
.
Lib.
II
de
Idais
,
c.
Hermogenes
,
is
an
imitation
of
all
kinde
of
things
:
and
he
is
the
best
that
can
with
a
ready
and
full
utterance
of
words
imitate
speaking
Orators
,
singing
Musicians
,
with
all
other
persons
and
things
.
Whosoever
doth
not
embrace
Picture
wrongeth
the
truth
,
he
wrongeth
also
the
wisedome
of
the
seeing
both
are
alike
busie
about
the
shapes
and
deeds
of
the
Worthies
.
Dio
Chrysostomus
Painters
and
Carvers
when
they
were
to
resemble
the
Gods
,
departed
not
one
inch
from
the
not
onely
to
shun
the
punishment
offenders
in
such
a
kinde
undergoe
;
but
also
because
they
saw
themselves
prevented
by
the
and
that
now
the
manner
of
Images
made
after
their
conceit
went
currant
,
as
being
upholden
by
antiquitie
:
neither
would
they
seeme
to
be
troublesome
and
unpleasant
by
lying
novelties
,
but
they
have
for
the
most
part
made
their
Images
after
the
example
of
Sometimes
for
all
that
have
they
added
one
or
other
thing
of
their
own
,
professing
themselves
to
have
an
emulation
with
about
the
same
Art
of
imitation
,
endeavouring
likewise
to
lay
open
before
the
eyes
of
more
and
poorer
spectators
,
what
have
plainly
rehearsed
to
the
eares
of
men
.
Dio
Chrysostomus
Picture
is
a
silent
is
a
speaking
the
things
represented
by
as
if
they
were
as
yet
adoing
before
our
eyes
,
are
propounded
by
Orators
as
done
alreadie
:
seeing
also
that
doe
expresse
with
colours
what
doe
describe
with
words
;
so
is
it
that
they
doe
but
differ
in
the
matter
and
manner
of
Imitation
,
having
both
the
same
end
:
and
he
is
the
best
Historian
that
can
adorne
his
Narration
with
such
forcible
figures
and
lively
colours
of
Rhetorike
,
as
to
make
it
like
unto
a
Picture
.
what
are
Comedies
else
but
an
Image
of
the
life
of
man
?
they
are
a
kinde
of
deceit
,
by
which
the
deceiver
is
more
just
then
he
that
doth
not
use
such
deceit
;
and
the
deceived
likewise
is
wiser
then
he
that
is
not
deceived
.
This
deceit
as
it
is
pleasant
,
so
doth
it
not
deserve
the
least
reproach
:
for
to
be
so
possessed
with
things
that
are
not
,
as
if
they
were
;
and
to
be
so
led
with
them
,
as
that
wee
(
without
suffering
any
hurt
by
them
)
should
thinke
them
to
be
;
cannot
but
be
proper
for
the
reviving
of
our
minde
,
and
withall
free
from
all
manner
of
blame
.
Diogenes
Laërtius
:
The
Cyrenaïke
Philosophers
affirme
,
that
pleasures
are
not
engendred
in
our
hearts
by
the
bare
seeing
and
hearing
of
things
:
and
that
we
love
therefore
to
heare
the
outcries
and
dolefull
howlings
done
in
Imitation
of
a
most
heavie
griefe
;
where
on
the
contrarie
wee
doe
detest
the
true
grones
of
a
mournfull
heart
.
Sympos
.
lib.
v
,
problem
.
Lib.
II.
Epist.
it
seemeth
to
me
that
such
a
Poët
is
most
like
to
walke
upon
a
stretched
out
rope
,
the
which
doth
torment
and
vex
my
thoughts
about
matters
of
nothing
;
inchaunterlike
angring
,
appeasing
,
and
terrifying
me
with
idle
feares
;
conveying
and
at
his
pleasure
transporting
me
sometimes
to
sometimes
to
Eloquent
Writers
and
Painters
doe
very
often
expresse
the
warlike
deeds
of
valiant
men
;
and
both
do
stirre
vp
a
great
many
to
courage
;
whilest
the
one
studieth
to
set
forth
in
lively
colours
,
what
the
other
goeth
about
to
adorne
with
eloquence
:
things
that
sinke
into
our
hearts
by
the
means
of
our
eares
doe
more
faintly
stirre
our
minde
,
then
such
things
as
are
drunke
in
by
the
eyes
.
Polybius
our
eyes
are
more
accurate
witnesses
then
our
eares
:
Lib.
XI
.
orat
.
institut
.
cap.
a
silent
worke
,
and
constantly
keeping
the
same
forme
,
doth
so
insinnate
it selfe
into
our
most
inward
affections
,
that
it
seemeth
now
and
then
to
be
of
greater
force
then
Eloquence
it selfe
.
Quint.
orat
.
instit
.
VI
,
Latinus
Pacatus
Bring
hither
,
bring
hither
,
you
pious
the
whole
care
and
studie
of
your
learned
nights
;
yee
Artificers
also
despise
the
vulgar
arguments
of
ancient
fables
;
these
,
these
things
deserve
better
to
be
drawn
by
your
cunning
hands
;
let
the
market-places
and
the
temples
be
graced
with
such
sights
;
worke
them
out
in
ivorie
,
let
them
live
in
colours
,
let
them
stirre
in
brasse
,
let
them
augment
the
price
of
precious
stones
.
It
doth
concerne
the
securitie
of
all
ages
that
such
a
thing
might
seeme
to
have
been
done
;
if
by
chance
any
one
filled
with
unlawfull
hopes
might
drinke
in
innocence
by
his
eyes
,
when
he
shall
see
the
monuments
of
these
our
times
.
through
their
eyes
drinke
in
innocence
Lib.
II.
de
Irâ
,
cap.
a
horrible
picture
of
the
sad
event
of
just
punishments
doth
very
much
move
and
trouble
our
minds
:
Gregory
Nyssen
I
saw
often
in
a
picture
,
the
image
of
this
fact
,
neither
could
I
looke
upon
it
without
teares
,
so
lively
did
Art
put
the
historie
before
my
eyes
.
Valerius
Maximus
Lib.
V.
c.
men
are
driven
into
a
dump
,
when
their
eyes
doe
behold
the
painted
image
of
this
fact
,
renewing
the
condition
of
the
old
adventure
by
an
admiration
of
this
present
spectacle
,
and
beleeving
that
in
these
silent
lineaments
of
members
they
doe
see
living
and
breathing
bodies
.
Lib.
VI.
c.
God
hath
given
unto
Poësie
the
distributing
of
a
glorious
renowne
.
Ovid
cloathes
doe
weare
out
Amorum
lib.
I
Eleg.
jewels
doe
breake
;
but
the
fame
Poësie
giveth
us
,
shall
be
of
a
perpetuall
durance
.
vertue
is
proragated
by
Poësie
Lib.
IV.
de
Ponto
,
Eleg.
neither
needs
it
feare
the
sepulcher
,
having
once
deserved
the
memorie
of
late
posterities
.
Gods
also
,
if
we
might
say
it
,
are
made
by
Poësie
,
and
such
a
majestie
standeth
in
need
of
a
singer
.
Latinus
Pacatus
the
Artifioers
are
next
unto
the
Poëts
allotted
to
give
an
everlasting
fame
.
Plinie
it
is
to
be
wondred
in
this
Art
,
Lib.
xxxiv
.
nat.
hist.
cap.
that
shee
hath
made
famous
men
more
famous
.
Ovid
if
Apelles
had
not
painted
Venus
for
the
Inhabitants
of
Coos
,
shee
should
as
yet
lie
drowned
under
the
Sea-water
.
So
is
then
the
power
of
this
same
Art
exceeding
great
,
Lib.
xxxv
.
nat.
hist.
cap.
though
wee
doe
but
cast
our
eyes
upon
this
one
piece
onely
:
for
by
his
means
doth
both
the
Senate
and
the
people
of
looke
so
many
ages
upon
and
his
sonne
the
which
else
would
have
been
a
most
ignoble
and
obscure
couple
.
the
Art
of
Painting
is
found
to
be
a
kin
to
Poësie
;
seeing
both
do
therein
agree
,
that
as
well
the
one
as
the
other
requireth
a
forward
Phantasie
.
The
Poëts
bring
the
presence
of
the
Gods
upon
a
stage
,
and
all
what
is
pompous
,
grave
,
and
delightfull
.
The
Painters
likewise
doe
designe
as
many
things
upon
a
boord
,
as
the
Poets
possibly
can
utter
.
Art
of
Painting
The
Poëticall
phantasies
in
regard
of
their
perspicuitie
,
are
like
dreames
of
them
that
are
awake
.
for
seeing
that
these
are
sometimes
true
,
sometimes
fuinell
and
imitated
,
Orat.
institut
.
lib.
XI
,
cap.
so
falleth
it
out
that
the
true
ones
doe
breake
forth
naturally
,
as
wee
see
in
the
Passions
of
them
that
conceive
any
griefe
,
or
anger
;
or
indignation
;
but
they
want
Art
;
and
therefore
are
they
to
befashioned
and
directed
by
discipline
:
contrarywise
the
Passions
imitated
have
Art
,
but
want
nature
;
and
therefore
is
it
here
a
maine
point
,
to
have
a
true
feeling
of
them
,
rightly
to
conceive
the
true
images
of
things
,
and
to
be
mooved
with
them
,
as
if
they
were
rather
true
then
imagined
:
Agell
.
noct
.
Attir
.
lib.
Dionysius
Longinus
an
astonished
admiration
what
the
Poets
conceive
,
hath
most
commonly
a
more
fabulous
excellencie
and
altogether
surpassing
the
truth
;
but
in
the
phantasies
of
Painters
,
nothing
is
so
commendable
as
that
there
is
both
possibilitie
and
truth
in
them
.
for
although
it
be
a
very
hard
thing
,
Dio
Chrysostomus
yet
is
it
very
often
required
that
the
same
image
should
remaine
in
the
minde
of
an
Artificer
,
and
that
sometimes
for
many
yeeres
,
untill
the
whole
worke
be
finished
Dionys
.
Longinus
None
are
more
curious
then
such
as
are
at
leisure
,
Lib
,
IX
.
epist.
Poësie
doth
require
retirednesse
of
the
writer
and
leisure
,
Lib.
I.
Trist.
Eleg.
the
multitudes
of
necessary
duties
and
affaires
doe
withdrawe
and
turn
all
men
from
the
contemplation
of
such
things
,
nat.
histor.
cap.
because
such
an
admiration
is
only
agreeable
with
leisure
and
a
great
stilnesse
of
place
:
Michael
Ephesius
is
like
a
register
unto
our
minde
:
such
as
doe
contemplate
the
workes
of
the
Art
of
painting
,
Apud
Philost
.
lib.
have
great
need
of
the
imaginative
facultie
;
for
no
body
can
with
any
good
reason
praise
a
painted
horse
or
bull
,
unlesse
hee
doe
conceive
that
same
creature
in
his
mind
,
whose
similitude
the
Picture
doth
expresse
.
rude
spectators
and
such
as
are
nothing
at
all
acquainted
with
matters
of
Art
,
are
like
them
that
salute
a
great
multitude
at
once
;
but
that
neat
spectators
on
the
contrarie
,
and
such
as
are
studious
of
good
Arts
,
may
be
compared
with
them
that
salute
one
by
one
:
the
first
namely
doe
not
exactly
looke
into
the
workes
of
the
Artificers
,
but
conceive
onely
a
grosse
and
unshapen
image
of
the
workes
;
where
the
others
going
judiciously
over
every
part
of
the
worke
;
looke
upon
all
and
observe
all
what
is
done
well
or
ill
.
intelligent
judgement
neat
and
polished
men
how
many
things
doe
Painters
see
in
the
shadows
and
eminences
,
the
which
wee
cannot
see
as
that
kinde
of
hearing
that
doth
onely
discerne
the
sound
,
Arriani
Epictetus
lib.
III.
cap.
may
very
well
be
called
the
common
hearing
;
and
the
hearing
that
doth
discerne
the
tunes
,
is
now
no
more
a
common
but
an
artificiall
hearing
the
sight
of
one
man
is
better
by
nature
,
then
the
sight
of
another
:
so
are
likewise
the
minds
of
Painters
by
Art
exercised
to
discerne
beautie
in
all
kinde
of
shapes
and
figures
.
therfore
hath
very
fitly
answered
an
idiot
,
that
could
see
no
beautie
in
that
same
famous
painted
by
Take
my
eyes
,
sayd
and
you
shal
think
her
to
be
a
goddesse
.
Aelianus
Var.
histor.
lib.
XIV
.
cap.
learned
eyes
The
vertue
and
grace
shining
in
all
the
worke
,
Dionysius
Halicarnassensis
is
a
most
wonderfull
thing
,
and
surpassing
the
power
of
speaking
.
What
is
best
,
is
easie
to
be
seene
,
and
lieth
open
as
well
to
the
Artist
as
to
the
idiot
:
but
to
shew
the
reason
thereof
is
very
hard
,
and
uneasie
also
to
them
that
are
very
eloquent
.
If
therefore
any
one
desire
to
be
taught
by
words
wherin
this
same
power
of
the
worke
doth
consist
,
doth
not
he
goe
about
to
aske
a
reason
of
many
other
faire
things
that
are
hard
to
be
uttereds
as
namely
,
in
the
beautie
of
bodies
,
what
it
is
we
call
cometinesse
:
in
the
turning
and
winding
of
a
melodious
voice
,
what
it
is
we
call
a
perfect
harmonte
:
in
the
symmetrie
or
just
commensuration
of
time
,
what
it
is
we
call
an
orderly
concent
of
voices
:
and
generally
in
every
worke
,
and
in
every
thing
,
what
it
is
we
call
a
well-moderated
and
seasonable
opportunitie
of
time
:
for
every
one
of
these
things
is
apprehended
by
sense
,
and
not
by
talke
.
Quintilian
the
learned
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
IX
.
c.
understand
the
reason
of
Art
,
the
unlearned
feele
the
pleasure
:
It
is
strange
there
being
so
great
a
difference
of
working
between
the
skilfull
and
unskilfull
,
that
there
should
be
so
small
a
difference
of
Judging
.
All
do
by
a
silent
feeling
without
any
art
or
reason
discerne
what
there
is
well
or
amisse
in
the
Arts
:
they
doe
the
same
also
in
Pictures
and
Statues
,
and
other
workes
,
to
the
which
by
nature
they
are
not
sufficiently
instructed
.
every
one
Lib.
I.
Epist.
may
consider
the
vertues
of
other
men
:
for
his
heyfer
,
and
his
canephorae
,
have
been
admired
by
them
that
were
ignorant
in
this
Art
:
the
nature
of
understanding
goeth
a
great
deal
further
:
and
rare
things
should
not
have
that
same
generall
approbation
they
doe
deserve
,
if
the
feeling
of
good
things
did
not
touch
them
also
that
are
inferiours
.
Lib.
VIII
.
Epist.
the
fame
of
great
men
should
want
celebritie
,
if
shee
did
not
content
her selfe
also
with
ordinarie
witnesses
:
Dionysius
Halicarnassensis
I
have
learned
in
most
populous
Theaters
filled
with
great
multitudes
of
them
that
had
no
skill
in
Musicke
,
how
all
have
a
naturall
prouenesse
and
aptnesse
to
that
same
proportionable
concent
we
finde
in
a
melodious
harmonie
,
the
people
crying
out
upon
avery
renowned
Musician
when
he
did
spoile
his
song
by
stirring
but
one
string
that
was
not
well
tuned
;
a
most
skilfull
piper
also
suffering
the
same
,
when
piping
untunably
,
or
pressing
his
mouth
carelesly
,
he
did
seeme
to
fall
into
an
unpleasant
kinde
of
play
:
for
if
any
one
should
bid
an
idiot
take
the
instruments
and
mend
what
he
blameth
in
the
Artificers
,
he
should
never
be
able
to
doe
it
;
seeing
that
is
the
worke
of
skill
,
which
all
have
not
;
where
as
the
other
is
the
worke
of
passion
or
feeling
,
and
Nature
hath
denyed
that
to
none
.
Mechopanes
was
liked
for
a
certain
kinde
of
diligenc
,
that
none
could
understand
,
but
the
Artificers
alone
,
Lib.
xxxv
.
nat.
hist.
c.
To
make
up
a
statue
as
is
fit
,
Arriani
Epictetus
li.
II.
cap.
whose
worke
doe
you
take
it
to
be
?
it
is
the
worke
of
a
statuarie
:
but
to
looke
skilfully
upon
such
a
worke
,
doe
you
thinke
it
requireth
no
skill
at
all
?
certainly
it
requireth
skill
also
.
Hermogenes
to
know
how
to
judge
of
other
mens
workes
,
so
farre
forth
as
they
are
neat
and
accurat
or
not
,
whether
likewise
they
are
an
ancient
or
a
modern
worke
,
cannot
be
done
without
some
experience
in
such
matters
.
Lib.
I
,
Epist.
none
but
an
Artificer
can
judge
of
a
Painter
,
Carver
,
Caster
in
brasse
,
or
worker
in
clay
.
To
the
triall
of
Picture
there
is
also
use
made
of
them
that
have
some
skill
in
judging
,
though
they
are
altogether
ignorant
in
doing
.
if
I
were
to
speak
of
a
player
,
and
did
maintaine
that
he
cannot
give
satisfaction
in
his
gestures
without
some
skill
of
well-behaving
himselfe
and
dancing
;
there
is
no
need
that
I
my selfe
,
for
saying
so
,
should
be
a
player
;
but
it
is
enough
that
I
doe
shew
my selfe
a
discreet
censurer
of
another
mans
work
.
Plutarch
Statius
Papinius
who
dareth
ever
strive
with
Vindex
,
to
discerne
the
old
drawings
of
the
Artificers
,
and
to
restore
his
Author
unto
such
statues
as
have
no
inscription
?
he
shall
shew
you
what
brasse
be
laboured
with
a
watchfull
diligence
:
what
marble
got
life
by
the
carving-iron
of
the
laborious
what
ivorie
was
smoothed
by
what
statues
doe
as
yet
retaine
the
breathing
infused
into
them
by
his
furnaces
:
what
line
doth
a
farre
off
confesse
the
ancient
doth
follow
this
pastime
,
as
often
as
he
layeth
downe
his
Lute
:
the
love
of
such
things
doth
call
him
sometimes
a
little
aside
from
the
habitation
of
the
I
doe
not
count
him
free
,
that
doth
not
sometimes
doe
nothing
;
and
the
true
fruit
of
leisure
is
not
a
continuall
bending
of
the
minde
,
but
a
relaxation
,
yet
are
the
wits
worne
out
by
a
daily
toile
about
civill
affaires
,
most
of
all
repaired
by
the
sweetnesse
of
such
like
things
,
Orat.
Instit.
lib.
X.
cap.
Even
as
men
that
are
used
to
a
daily
course
of
labour
,
when
they
are
hindred
from
following
their
worke
by
reason
of
tempestuous
weather
,
doe
passe
their
time
with
a
ball
,
cockall
,
dice
,
or
else
devise
themselves
at
their
owne
leisure
some
other
game
;
so
doe
they
that
are
excluded
from
the
worke
of
publike
affaires
,
either
by
the
iniquitie
of
times
,
or
else
by
granting
unto
themselves
some
holy-dayes
,
follow
altogether
the
delight
of
sometimes
also
finding
out
some
new
studie
and
play
,
for
as
grounds
are
much
the
better
for
the
change
of
sever
all
feeds
,
Lib.
VII
.
Epist.
so
are
our
wits
refreshed
somtimes
with
one
,
sometimes
with
another
meditation
.
Whatsoever
is
faire
,
is
able
also
to
stirre
a
stone
,
Arriani
Epict
.
lib.
III.
cap.
The
beautie
of
the
bodie
moveth
our
eyes
by
a
decent
composition
of
the
limmes
,
affoording
us
the
greatest
delight
,
because
all
parts
doe
agree
among
themselves
with
a
pleasant
comelinesse
.
Aristotle
Whosoever
wrastleth
with
brasse
or
iron
,
taming
Nature
by
Art
,
doth
bestow
the
discipline
upon
the
lovers
of
Art
,
teaching
them
by
what
methods
brasse
is
made
obnoxious
to
our
wills
,
Such
as
doe
view
the
beautie
of
statues
,
feele
their
eyes
held
by
what
they
saw
first
:
but
otherwhile
turning
their
sight
upon
some
other
parts
,
they
beginne
to
doubt
what
they
had
best
consider
first
,
Our
sight
viewing
cast
workes
,
pictures
,
carved
workes
,
and
such
like
things
made
by
the
hand
of
men
,
when
it
findeth
the
sweetnesse
,
and
beautie
that
is
in
them
,
contenteth
it selfe
and
desireth
nothing
more
,
Dionys
.
Halicarnassensis
We
love
to
see
a
painted
Lizard
,
or
an
Ape
,
or
the
face
of
not
for
any
beautie
there
is
in
them
,
but
in
regard
of
the
similitude
:
for
though
every
foule
thing
by
nature
is
hindred
from
seeming
faire
;
yet
is
the
Imitation
alwayes
commended
,
whether
shee
doth
expresse
the
similitude
of
things
foule
or
faire
.
Plut.
lib.
Sympos
.
probl.
the
satietie
of
good
things
is
not
so
easily
attained
unto
,
Lib.
IV.
Epist.
and
things
delightfull
doe
then
most
of
all
sollicite
our
minde
when
they
seeme
to
fill
it
.
I
am
of
opinion
that
we
are
to
consider
those
things
as
they
are
esteemed
in
their
judgments
that
are
studious
of
such
things
.
Rhodes
.
The
Rhodians
Nat.
hist.
lib.
xxxv
.
cap.
made
very
small
account
of
as
domesticall
things
use
alwayes
to
be
slighted
.
Wherefore
when
asked
him
the
price
of
his
workes
,
he
set
them
upon
a
very
poore
price
;
but
offered
him
fiftie
talents
,
noising
abroad
that
he
bought
them
to
sell
them
for
his
owne
workes
.
This
same
fact
made
the
to
understand
their
owne
Artificer
.
Neither
would
yeeld
unto
them
,
till
they
had
raised
the
price
.
Every
one
is
drawn
by
a
peculiar
delight
,
for
all
things
doe
not
seeme
faire
unto
all
men
;
neither
doe
all
men
judge
all
things
to
be
worth
their
paines
,
Let
us
therefore
beare
with
the
recreations
of
other
men
,
Lib.
IX
.
Epist.
that
they
likewise
may
beare
with
ours
.
What
can
you
alleadge
de
Tranquill
,
animi
why
that
man
is
not
as
well
to
be
pardoned
that
seeketh
a
great
name
by
marble
and
ivorie
,
as
any
other
that
gathereth
up
the
workes
of
unknowne
yea
sometimes
also
disallowed
Authors
,
whilest
he
himselfe
sitteth
gaping
among
so
many
thousand
Bookes
,
delighting
in
nothing
so
much
as
in
the
out-side
and
bare
titles
of
his
Volumes
?
Lib.
III.
Eleg.
Not
so
Polemon
Forsooth
the
wit
of
man
is
softened
by
gentle
Arts
,
and
our
manners
are
sutable
to
our
studies
,
Snow
doth
continue
longer
in
rough
and
untilled
grounds
,
Petronius
Arbiter
but
wheresoever
the
ground
is
tilled
,
there
doth
the
slender
frost
vanish
away
whilest
you
are
yet
speaking
:
even
so
doth
anger
fix
her
seat
in
our
brests
,
occupying
rude
and
fierce
minds
,
but
passing
by
the
learned
and
gentle
ones
.
Virgil
,
Here
hath
a
new
occasion
lessened
his
feare
,
giving
him
some
hope
of
safetie
,
for
whilest
he
staying
for
the
Queene
vieweth
every
thing
in
a
great
Temple
;
whilest
he
doth
also
wonder
at
the
fortune
of
the
new
Towne
,
at
the
labour
of
the
worke
,
as
also
at
the
emulation
of
the
workmen
;
he
seeth
the
whole
description
of
the
most
famous
Trojan
warre
painted
in
a
very
good
order
.
terrible
to
them
both
were
not
wanting
in
that
same
picture
.
Standing
still
therefore
,
and
weeping
,
What
place
is
there
now
,
O
sayth
he
,
what
Countrey
is
there
that
is
not
filled
with
the
fame
of
our
labours
?
Looke
,
here
is
here
is
the
reward
for
praise
,
and
teares
also
for
the
miseries
of
mortall
men
:
put
away
all
feare
:
this
fame
shall
bring
us
some
safetie
.
Having
thus
spoke
,
he
fed
his
eyes
with
the
represented
picture
,
fetching
many
a
deepe
grone
,
and
watering
his
cheekes
with
a
large
river
of
teares
.
his
care
was
about
the
manners
of
the
but
now
doth
he
quiet
himselfe
upon
sight
of
this
Picture
:
for
as
many
as
doe
paint
such
kinde
of
warres
,
cannot
but
love
vertues
and
be
touched
with
a
most
lively
commiseration
of
the
grievous
mis-fortunes
of
other
men
.
we
doe
wonder
at
any
thing
done
,
it
doth
not
instantly
follow
that
we
should
desire
to
doe
the
same
.
When
the
King
heard
his
sonne
in
a
banquet
play
very
sweetly
and
artificially
upon
a
musicall
Instrument
,
Are
not
you
ashamed
,
sayd
he
,
to
play
so
finely
?
for
it
sufficeth
if
a
King
doth
shew
himselfe
now
and
then
at
leisure
to
heare
Musicians
,
and
he
honours
the
Muses
enough
when
he
is
content
sometimes
to
be
a
spectator
of
them
that
play
for
strife
:
but
the
self-practising
of
such
mean
Arts
bringeth
to
passe
that
our
earnest
endeavour
about
unprofitable
things
serveth
for
a
witnes
of
our
sloathfulnesse
in
greater
matters
.
Neither
is
there
any
generous
young-man
the
which
having
seen
the
consecrated
at
desireth
to
be
so
doth
no
bodie
also
desire
to
be
how
ever
the
image
of
consecrated
at
pleaseth
him
.
A
generous
young
man
may
very
well
be
taken
with
an
honest
love
of
and
yet
shall
he
not
instantly
wish
himselfe
to
be
for
it
is
not
necessary
that
when
the
worke
delighteth
us
as
being
pleasant
,
that
we
should
therefore
thinke
the
work-men
worth
our
imitation
.
Art
of
Painting
THe
naturall
pronenesse
which
is
in
us
of
imitating
all
manner
of
things
created
,
as
it
hath
ever
been
furthered
and
advanced
by
the
ready
helpe
of
our
Phantasie
,
so
are
there
many
other
causes
which
have
strangely
cherished
up
this
most
forward
inclination
of
our
all-attempting
natures
:
but
among
such
a
great
number
of
severall
causes
as
are
known
to
have
promoted
these
Arts
of
Imitation
,
wee
must
needs
preferre
God
the
onely
fountaine
of
good
things
above
all
the
rest
;
whose
infinite
goodnesse
was
forthwith
seconded
by
the
diligent
benevolence
of
loving
Parents
,
seeing
they
could
not
thinke
their
children
well
provided
for
,
untill
they
had
found
out
for
them
a
good
and
carefull
Master
;
the
young
men
therefore
being
once
by
the
helpe
of
their
trusty
Masters
admitted
to
the
secrets
of
art
,
and
being
afterwards
left
to
work
out
the
rest
by
their
own
industry
,
if
they
meant
to
depart
from
the
wholsome
precepts
of
their
Teachers
,
were
kept
in
awe
by
the
feare
of
most
severe
and
strict
lawes
made
against
the
corrupters
of
art
;
but
if
they
had
on
the
contrary
so
much
good
nature
as
not
to
forsake
the
sinceritie
of
their
first
institution
,
then
did
the
Emulation
of
others
that
took
a
good
course
keepe
them
also
in
the
right
way
;
and
because
the
Ancients
in
a
prodigious
plainnesse
of
art
did
not
so
much
study
to
have
their
workes
commended
for
the
choice
exquisitnesse
of
costly
colours
,
as
for
the
power
and
force
of
art
it selfe
,
these
emulators
also
could
not
but
be
mindfull
of
that
same
simplicitie
of
art
;
their
hearts
were
in
the
mean
time
filled
with
a
wonderfull
sweetnesse
of
art
delighting
it selfe
in
this
same
plaine
and
prosperous
way
of
emulation
;
and
gathering
strength
out
of
the
manifold
and
every
where
obvious
use
of
these
arts
;
as
also
out
of
the
Honourable
estimation
these
arts
are
held
in
with
all
men
;
whereupon
,
having
once
felt
the
tickling
pleasure
of
the
much
desired
glory
,
they
did
merrily
resolve
on
a
most
confident
boldnesse
of
art
;
remembring
alwayes
and
above
all
things
the
Care
due
unto
such
grave
and
serious
arts
;
expressing
likewise
this
sollicitude
of
theirs
by
a
praise-worthy
Ingenuitie
,
in
calling
both
artificers
and
idiots
to
assist
them
;
but
as
the
heat
of
emulation
,
the
desire
of
glory
,
and
other
causes
here
alleadged
,
were
much
holpen
by
the
publike
felicity
of
peaceable
and
flourishing
times
;
so
did
the
private
fortune
of
the
Artificers
,
by
I
know
not
what
hidden
means
,
bring
them
to
a
good
and
joyfull
end
.
if
any
man
will
speake
after
the
manner
of
Sophists
,
is
an
invention
of
the
Gods
,
as
well
for
that
same
painting
which
the
severall
seasons
of
the
yeare
doe
paint
the
meads
withall
,
as
for
those
things
that
doe
appeare
in
the
skie
.
the
keeper
of
the
great
goddesse
Diana
,
and
of
the
Image
which
fell
down
from
Jupiter
Act.
xix
Isidorus
Pelusiota
Lib.
IV.
epist.
the
first
men
,
the
which
,
De
die
natali
,
cap.
were
created
out
of
Prometheus
his
soft
clay
:
for
so
did
Democritus
Abderita
first
of
all
hold
,
that
men
are
made
out
of
water
and
slime
:
Lactantius
divin
.
instit
.
lib.
II
,
cap.
Tertullian
.
de
Resurr
.
carnis
.
Fulgentius
lib.
II.
Mythol
.
Basilius
Seleuciae
episcopus
orat
.
II.
Gregorius
Nyssenus
de
Hominis
opificio
,
cap.
an
earthen
statue
this
same
was
the
first
statue
,
the
image
named
by
God
,
after
the
which
all
the
Art
of
carving
used
by
men
receiveth
her
directions
:
Nat.
hist.
lib.
xxxi
,
cap.
vide
quoque
Solinum
,
cap.
shee
waxed
stiffe
Aur.
Prudentius
being
consolidated
into
a
kind
of
brittle
metall
;
and
the
woman
standeth
turned
into
a
stone
apt
to
be
melted
,
keeping
still
her
old
posture
in
the
same
salt-stone
image
;
her
comlinesse
,
her
ornaments
,
her
fore-head
,
her
eyes
,
her
haire
,
her
face
also
looking
backward
,
with
her
chinne
gently
turned
do
retain
the
unchangeable
monuments
of
the
ancient
offence
:
and
although
shee
melteth
continually
away
in
salt
sweat
,
yet
doth
the
compleatnesse
of
her
shape
suffer
no
losse
by
this
same
fluidnesse
;
neither
can
whole
droves
of
beasts
impaire
the
savory
stone
so
much
,
but
there
is
for
all
that
liquour
enough
left
to
licke
,
and
the
wasted
skinne
is
ever
renewed
by
the
losse
:
Damascenus
,
Cedrenus
the
seeds
of
all
Arts
are
deeply
graffed
in
us
,
and
God
by
a
secret
mastership
doth
bring
the
witts
to
light
,
Lib.
IV.
de
Benef.
cap.
there
is
an
humane
reason
there
is
also
a
divine
:
the
humane
reason
busieth
her selfe
about
our
life
and
necessary
provision
:
the
divine
on
the
contrary
accompanieth
us
when
wee
doe
goe
about
the
practising
of
Arts
,
teaching
us
alwayes
what
is
fit
to
be
done
:
for
man
hath
not
found
Arts
,
but
God
bringeth
them
forth
:
and
humane
reason
it selfe
proceedeth
from
divine
reason
:
Julianus
even
as
birds
being
made
to
flie
,
fishes
to
swimme
,
and
harts
to
runne
need
not
bee
taught
any
of
these
things
;
for
though
a
man
should
goe
about
to
tie
them
,
and
to
pinne
them
up
,
yet
will
they
for
all
that
strive
to
use
those
parts
which
they
know
themselves
to
prevail
in
:
so
is
mankind
likewise
(
whose
soul
seemeth
to
be
nothing
else
but
a
restrained
reason
and
science
,
or
rather
facultie
,
as
wise
men
terme
it
)
desirous
to
learne
,
to
seek
,
and
curiously
to
dive
into
all
things
,
esteeming
such
an
employment
to
be
most
proper
unto
his
nature
:
and
unto
whomsoever
a
favourable
God
doth
speedily
release
these
bonds
,
bringing
the
facultie
to
some
operation
,
the
same
doth
instantly
attain
to
the
science
:
Maximus
Tyrius
,
Dissertat
.
XL.
what
is
Nature
else
De
Benef.
lib.
iv
,
cap.
quemadm
.
&
Naturalium
quaest.
lib.
II.
cap.
but
God
and
adivine
power
infused
into
the
whole
world
and
every
part
of
the
world
:
the
unspeakable
subtiltie
of
flowers
Lib.
XXI
,
nat.
hist.
cap.
seeing
no
man
is
so
well
able
to
speake
,
but
Nature
is
still
a
great
deal
better
able
to
paint
,
especially
when
shee
meaneth
to
make
her selfe
some
sport
in
the
midst
of
her
jolly
fertilitie
.
the
checker-worke
,
like
Oyster-shells
of
Pergamus
,
the
Peacockes
,
together
with
the
spots
of
Tygers
,
Leopards
,
and
so
many
more
painted
creatures
,
Nat.
hist.
l.
VII
.
cap.
the
manifold
picture
of
gemmes
,
the
partie-coloured
spots
of
pretious
stones
Lib.
II.
nat.
hist.
cap.
doth
speak
the
royal
fame
of
a
gem
that
same
Pyrrhus
had
which
made
warre
against
the
for
it
is
reported
of
him
that
he
had
an
Agathe
wherein
the
nine
Muses
and
holding
of
a
Lute
were
discerned
;
the
spots
,
not
by
Art
,
but
by
Nature
so
being
spread
over
the
stone
,
that
every
one
of
the
Muses
had
her
peculiar
mark
.
Plin.
nat.
hist.
lib.
Solinus
,
cap.
Cedrenus
.
Those
that
were
at
carried
also
the
image
of
a
speare
in
their
bodies
,
as
a
sure
marke
of
their
linage
;
and
as
many
as
had
not
that
marke
,
were
esteemed
to
be
none
of
them
,
are
discerned
by
their
speare
,
the
by
their
shoulders
,
the
great
by
his
eloquence
orat
.
II.
de
rebus
gest
is
Constantii
imp.
the
warts
,
moles
,
and
blemishes
in
the
eye
of
parents
,
not
appearing
in
the
children
,
do
somtimes
break
out
againe
in
the
Nephewes
:
and
a
Grecian
woman
being
accused
of
adultery
,
because
had
brought
forth
a
black
childe
,
was
found
to
be
the
fourth
generation
of
an
being
one
of
the
who
died
but
a
little
while
agoe
,
had
a
sonne
that
brought
forth
in
his
body
the
figure
of
a
speare
;
the
similitude
of
this
same
generation
after
an
intermission
of
so
many
yeeres
starting
up
a
fresh
in
him
,
as
out
of
a
deep
gulfe
.
Theophrastus
,
Dioscorides
,
Plinie
,
Columella
:
Pan.
Plinie
nat.
hist.
ca.
Silenus
.
Tzetzes
Chiliad
.
VII
,
Hist.
Chil.
VIII
,
Hist.
Foolish
men
,
what
aile
you
,
that
you
take
so
much
paines
to
possesse
riches
,
and
care
so
little
for
your
children
,
unto
whom
you
mean
to
leave
them
?
Diogenes
Var.
hist.
xii
Laertius
,
lib.
VI.
Plut.
de
Amore
divitiarum
,
for
the
most
parte
Lib.
VIII
,
Polit.
cap.
did
teach
their
children
the
Art
of
painting
;
least
they
might
be
deceived
in
the
buying
and
selling
of
vessells
and
houshold-stuffe
:
or
rather
,
that
they
might
improve
themselves
in
the
true
knowledge
of
perfect
beautie
:
Varro
shee
that
hath
not
learned
to
draw
,
cannot
be
able
to
judge
what
is
well
painted
by
the
embroderers
or
weavers
in
the
counter
points
of
bolsters
:
Paulus
Aemilius
it
was
brought
to
passe
by
the
authoritie
of
Lib.
xxxv
,
nat.
hist.
cap.
first
at
and
afterwards
in
all
that
free-borne
youths
should
be
taught
before
all
things
a
certain
kind
of
painting
in
box-wood
,
and
that
this
same
Art
should
be
received
into
the
first
rancke
of
liberall
sciences
:
although
it
hath
ever
been
so
honoured
,
that
none
but
free-borne
might
exercise
the
said
Art
,
and
such
afterwards
as
were
at
least
of
an
honest
condition
:
with
a
perpetuall
prohibition
,
that
none
of
the
servile
sort
of
men
should
be
trained
up
to
the
knowledge
of
this
Art
:
so
was
there
also
in
this
Art
,
and
in
the
Art
of
graving
never
any
one
famous
that
was
of
a
slavish
condition
.
Galen
Wee
are
to
exercise
an
Art
,
that
may
stay
with
us
all
our
life
time
:
and
as
some
Arts
are
rationall
and
reverent
,
some
on
the
contrary
contemptible
and
exercised
onely
by
the
labour
of
the
bodie
;
so
is
it
alwayes
better
a
man
should
addict
himselfe
to
the
first
sort
of
Arts
;
for
the
second
sort
useth
to
forsake
and
to
disappoint
the
Artificers
when
they
waxe
olde
:
of
the
first
sort
are
Joyne
unto
these
,
if
you
will
,
the
for
though
their
worke
doth
demand
the
help
of
our
hands
,
yet
doth
it
not
require
youthfull
strength
.
Nat.
hist.
lib.
xxxv
.
cap.
the
native
Country
of
picture
the
Arts
of
Painting
and
Carving
,
with
all
such
kinde
of
workmanship
,
were
most
of
all
augmented
at
Lib.
V.
hist.
cap.
for
the
space
of
many
generations
it
hath
been
a
shop
of
all
yea
a
common
Aratus
.
Sidonius
Apollinaris
Lib.
VI.
Epist.
Greece
was
famous
for
founders
of
painting
and
casting
This
is
true
in
my
opinion
,
that
a
man
is
never
able
to
learne
any
thing
thoroughly
,
unles
he
have
been
able
to
learn
it
quickly
.
Quintilian
if
you
begin
to
teach
one
that
is
now
setled
in
yeares
,
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
I
,
c.
you
shall
better
perceive
that
such
as
doe
any
thing
in
their
owne
art
excellently
,
are
upon
good
ground
sayd
to
have
learned
that
art
from
their
childhood
.
which
should
shew
them
the
true
face
of
Art
,
Dialogo
de
causis
corr
.
eloqu
.
c.
and
not
a
vaine
image
onely
.
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
II.
c.
should
take
the
scholars
in
hand
with
a
fatherly
minde
,
esteeming
themselves
to
succeed
in
their
place
that
committed
the
children
unto
them
:
as
the
waggoner
is
you
doe
set
over
the
horses
,
so
may
you
hope
that
the
waggon
shall
goe
:
Corne
doth
also
exspect
the
times
determined
for
maturitie
,
Q.
Curtius
Lib.
VI.
de
Rebus
gestis
Alexandri
,
cap.
and
things
voide
of
all
sense
receive
a
good
temper
by
a
certaine
law
appointed
unto
them
.
Parents
deserve
to
be
rebuked
that
will
not
suffer
their
children
to
profit
by
a
severe
way
of
teaching
:
for
they
doe
first
frustrate
their
hopes
as
well
as
other
things
by
ambition
:
and
afterwards
,
making
too
much
haste
to
obtaine
their
desires
,
they
doe
publish
the
raw
and
unperfect
endeavours
of
their
children
,
putting
them
before
their
full
growth
to
the
practice
of
such
an
Art
as
by
their
owne
confession
is
the
greatest
of
all
other
Arts.
Whereas
,
if
they
would
be
content
that
the
endeavours
of
their
children
should
goe
on
by
degrees
,
that
the
studious
lads
should
be
kept
in
by
a
strict
course
of
exercitation
,
that
they
should
prepare
their
mindes
by
the
precepts
of
wisedome
,
that
they
should
not
sticke
now
and
then
with
a
cruell
pencill
to
deface
pleasing
lineaments
,
that
they
should
view
and
consider
a
great
while
what
may
be
worthy
their
imitation
,
if
they
did
not
instantly
thinke
all
magnificent
whatsoever
they
see
liked
by
their
children
,
this
same
mightie
Art
could
never
want
the
weight
of
her
majestie
.
Now
on
the
contrary
,
as
boys
doe
but
trifle
and
play
in
the
schooles
,
so
are
they
nothing
but
laught
at
,
when
they
step
forth
unto
the
publike
:
and
,
which
is
worse
then
both
,
whatsoever
any
one
being
young
hath
learned
amisse
,
he
is
loathe
to
confesse
it
when
he
groweth
older
.
he
taught
no
bodie
nat.
hist.
cap.
under
a
talent
,
and
that
ten
yeares
.
under
a
talent
Protagoras
was
the
first
that
made
speeches
for
a
reward
,
he
brought
in
among
the
Grecians
an
irreprehensible
custome
;
for
we
do
alwayes
more
esteeme
and
embrace
things
wrought
out
with
no
small
cost
of
our
own
,
then
things
had
for
nothing
.
ten
yeares
beginning
by
an
ambitious
hast
with
those
things
that
should
goe
last
,
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
I.
cap.
and
whilest
they
mean
to
make
a
boast
of
their
scholars
about
things
specious
and
faire
in
shew
,
they
doe
nothing
else
but
stop
their
progresse
by
such
a
perverse
and
unseasonable
compendiousnesse
.
Wee
doe
see
that
out
of
the
schooles
of
such
Masters
and
Artificers
as
were
most
excellent
in
their
kinde
,
there
are
come
forth
disciples
,
the
which
although
they
were
alike
praise-worthy
,
yet
did
they
differ
very
much
among
themselves
:
because
the
institution
of
the
teacher
was
accommodated
unto
every
one
his
nature
.
We
have
,
not
to
speak
of
other
Arts
,
a
very
notable
example
in
a
singular
good
teacher
;
who
sayd
,
that
he
was
wont
to
apply
the
spurre
to
but
on
the
contrary
the
bridle
to
for
he
did
represse
the
one
,
that
was
apt
to
run
out
unto
a
most
wanton
boldnesse
of
words
;
and
he
did
prick
on
the
other
,
that
would
ever
stay
behinde
by
reason
of
a
bashfull
slownesse
there
was
in
him
:
yet
did
he
not
make
them
like
,
but
he
added
onely
something
to
the
one
,
and
tooke
away
something
from
the
other
,
to
confirme
in
both
what
their
natures
could
beare
.
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
XII
.
c.
though
vertue
borroweth
some
forward
fits
of
Nature
,
yet
must
shee
attaine
to
perfection
by
Doctrine
.
It
is
not
enough
Painters
and
Statuaries
should
say
that
the
colours
must
be
such
,
and
the
lines
such
;
but
the
greatest
profit
cometh
from
thence
,
if
any
one
seeth
them
goe
about
their
worke
,
nothing
is
rightly
taught
nor
learned
without
examples
,
Lib.
xi
.
de
●●er●sticà
,
cap.
wee
are
easier
taught
by
example
what
wee
are
to
follow
,
and
what
wee
are
to
shun
,
Lib.
IX
.
Controv.
there
is
never
any
labour
lost
,
when
experiments
are
found
to
agree
with
precepts
,
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
Examples
stand
for
testimonies
and
whatsoever
Art
and
reason
doe
advertise
and
propound
unto
us
but
slightly
,
is
made
good
by
the
testimony
of
examples
:
Chares
learned
not
of
to
make
statues
by
his
shewing
him
the
head
of
the
arms
of
the
brest
of
but
hee
saw
his
Master
doe
all
these
things
before
his
eyes
;
and
as
for
the
works
of
other
Masters
,
hee
could
consider
them
well
enough
by
himselfe
.
Polycletus
made
a
piece
of
worke
,
Lib.
xxxiv
.
nat.
hist.
cap.
named
Canon
among
the
Artificers
,
because
they
doe
fetch
the
lineaments
of
Art
from
thence
,
as
from
a
certain
law
;
and
no
man
but
hee
is
judged
to
have
perfected
the
Art
by
a
worke
of
Art
.
it
is
fit
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
II.
cap.
that
disciples
should
sometimes
be
set
upon
their
owne
legges
;
lest
by
an
evill
custome
of
alwayes
following
the
labours
of
other
men
,
they
should
never
learne
to
endeavour
and
to
find
out
any
thing
of
themselves
:
being
asked
which
of
the
former
Artificers
a
man
had
best
to
follow
,
answered
pointing
at
a
multitude
of
men
,
that
Nature
it selfe
was
rather
to
be
followed
then
any
Artificer
.
Adaeus
Mitylenaeus
Athenaeus
,
lib.
Deipnosoph
.
cap.
Athenaeus
lib.
Deipnosophists
,
lib.
Athenaeus
,
lib.
onomast
.
lib.
Nonius
Marcellus
Fulgentius
Placiades
,
lib
III.
Mytholog
.
in
Plinie
,
lib.
Plinie
,
lib.
Aristodemus
Carius
Philostratus
in
prooemio
Iconum
Democritus
Ephesius
Laërt
.
lib.
Athenaeus
,
lib.
Laërt
.
lib.
I
Graver
of
cups
Euphranor
Isthmius
Plinie
,
lib.
Hegesander
Delphicus
Athenaeus
,
lib.
Hippias
Elëus
Philost
.
lib.
I
,
de
vitis
Sophistarum
.
Laërt
.
lib.
Joannes
Philoponus
.
Photius
Juba
the
King
of
Mauritania
nat.
hist.
lib.
Polygnotus
.
Photius
Malchus
Byzantius
Laërt
.
lib.
Plinie
,
lib.
Athenaeus
,
lib.
Menodotus
Samius
Athenaeus
lib.
Athenaeus
,
lib.
Laërtius
,
lib
Strabo
,
lib.
Athenaeus
,
lib.
Clemens
Alexandrinus
Laërtius
,
lib.
Plin.
lib.
Plinie
,
lib.
Antigonus
and
Xenocrates
have
written
of
Picture
if
any
one
by
slothfulnesse
Lib.
IV.
noct
.
Attic.
cap.
suffered
his
ground
to
grow
foul
and
full
of
weeds
,
never
plowing
nor
weeding
it
;
if
any
one
likewise
did
neglect
his
vine
or
tree
,
he
was
punishable
and
obnoxious
unto
the
censures
of
such
controllers
or
masters
of
discipline
,
as
at
were
called
who
did
disfranchise
such
a
carelesse
man
,
putting
him
from
his
freedome
:
in
the
Noble
and
great
citie
of
Ephesus
there
was
an
ancient
law
in
force
,
which
though
it
might
seem
somwhat
harsh
,
yet
was
it
not
to
be
esteemed
unjust
:
for
an
Architect
,
when
he
undertaketh
a
publikeworke
,
agreeth
upon
the
price
thereof
,
and
his
rate
given
up
,
all
his
goods
are
engaged
to
the
Magistrates
till
the
worke
be
finished
;
that
ended
,
if
the
whole
charge
agree
with
the
rate
set
downe
,
hee
is
honoured
with
publick
decrees
and
dignities
;
if
it
exceed
but
by
one
fourth
part
onely
,
so
much
is
to
be
added
to
the
former
rate
,
and
to
be
answered
by
the
publick
treasurie
,
and
the
architect
is
free
from
tax
or
punishment
;
but
if
more
then
one
fourth
part
,
above
the
price
agreed
for
,
be
spent
in
the
work
,
it
is
exacted
and
payed
out
of
the
goods
of
the
undertaker
.
Timotheus
Milesius
lib.
I.
Musicae
,
cap.
Aelianus
var.
hist.
lib.
IV.
cap.
Sloathfull
and
languishing
idlenesse
Valerius
Maximus
Lib.
II.
cap.
is
at
drawne
forth
out
of
her
lurking
holes
unto
the
publik
view
and
is
judged
guilty
of
an
ungracious
and
shamefull
offence
.
The
same
Citie
hath
also
a
most
sacred
counsell
,
called
where
a
very
diligent
search
was
wont
to
be
made
what
every
did
,
and
how
he
got
his
living
:
thus
men
were
forced
to
live
honestly
,
knowing
that
they
were
to
give
a
strict
account
of
their
life
.
Aelianus
var.
hist.
lib.
IV.
cap.
Laeërt
.
lib.
in
Solon
.
There
was
yet
another
excellent
law
at
that
youths
being
now
thirteene
or
fourteene
yeares
of
age
should
be
brought
unto
the
Arts
,
and
that
after
this
manner
:
the
instruments
of
every
kinde
of
Art
being
propounded
publikely
,
the
youths
were
brought
neere
and
as
they
did
run
to
one
or
other
of
these
instruments
with
an
eager
delight
,
so
were
they
taught
that
Art
whose
instruments
they
had
snatched
up
:
because
such
things
most
commonly
doe
succeed
well
,
to
the
which
our
nature
leadeth
us
;
and
such
things
on
the
contrary
doe
deceive
our
hopes
,
that
are
undertaken
with
an
unwilling
minde
,
Gregorie
Nazianzene
Epistolâ
commendeth
the
because
where
the
lawes
of
all
other
goe
about
to
constraine
child
en
that
they
should
maintaine
their
old
parents
,
the
lawes
command
such
parents
onely
to
be
maintained
by
their
children
,
which
had
taught
their
children
good
Arts
:
seeing
all
things
Fortune
bestoweth
upon
us
,
are
easily
taken
away
by
the
same
Fortune
;
but
disciplines
,
being
once
sunke
deep
into
our
minds
,
doe
never
faile
us
to
the
last
gaspe
.
Plutarch
,
that
the
City
was
more
and
more
filled
with
a
multitude
of
men
that
flocked
to
the
Attike
Countrey
by
reason
of
the
libertie
they
enjoyed
there
,
and
saw
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
Countrey
was
naught
and
barren
,
that
the
sea-faring
men
also
brought
nothing
in
,
as
having
nothing
in
their
Country
to
give
for
the
commodities
of
other
Countries
,
he
turned
the
to
all
manner
of
Arts
;
making
a
law
withall
,
that
a
sonne
should
not
be
bound
to
maintaine
his
father
that
had
not
taught
him
any
good
Art
to
live
by
.
the
Citie
of
hath
beene
a
bountifull
mother
and
nurce
of
a
great
many
Arts
;
for
shee
first
invented
some
of
them
,
and
upon
some
shee
bestowed
honour
,
force
,
and
increase
:
so
is
also
the
Art
of
Painting
very
much
advanced
by
this
same
Citie
.
Aristides
Athens
the
naturall
Country
or
birth
place
of
all
good
things
,
and
a
schoolmistresse
of
all
Sciences
and
Arts
:
and
therefore
doth
shee
not
onely
excell
in
Statues
,
but
also
in
Statuaries
.
Argos
,
Ephesus
,
Thebes
the
Aegyptians
Diod.
Siculus
have
most
of
all
polished
all
manner
of
workmanship
,
bringing
it
to
some
perfection
:
for
a
workman
among
them
is
fearefully
punished
,
if
he
undertake
any
charge
in
the
Common-wealth
,
or
else
if
he
meddle
with
any
trade
but
his
owne
;
seeing
no
Artificer
may
usurp
any
publike
office
in
Aegypt
,
nor
professe
any
trade
that
is
not
appointed
him
by
the
law
and
delivered
by
his
Parents
;
least
by
chance
a
malicious
envie
of
Masters
,
the
occupation
of
civill
affaires
,
or
any
other
occasion
should
hinder
him
in
the
Art
he
is
to
exercise
.
Dicaearchus
libri
IV.
Argonaut
It
is
better
to
doe
one
thing
excellently
,
Lib.
IX
.
Epist.
then
doe
many
things
meanly
.
Aesopus
Neither
is
it
possible
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
that
our
whole
minde
should
busie
it selfe
with
many
things
at
once
;
for
whensoever
it
doth
but
looke
backe
,
it
ceaseth
to
marke
what
it
beheld
before
.
The
love
of
emulation
is
stronger
then
the
feare
of
punishment
threatned
by
lawes
,
Lib.
III.
Annal.
c.
Vertue
doth
naturally
affect
glory
,
and
studieth
ever
to
out-goe
his
fore-runners
,
Lib.
III.
de
Benef.
c.
A
horse
doth
then
best
of
all
run
his
race
,
when
he
is
in
the
company
of
other
horses
which
he
may
leave
behinde
him
or
follow
.
Scipio
Africanus
,
I
am
sure
,
that
every
magnanimous
spirit
doth
not
compare
himselfe
onely
with
them
that
are
now
at
this
present
alive
,
but
also
with
the
famous
men
of
all
ages
.
He
must
needs
attribute
too
much
unto
himselfe
,
Lib.
I.
orat
.
instit
.
cap.
that
doth
compare
himselfe
with
no
bodie
.
Doest
thou
desire
the
glory
of
swiftnesse
?
Lib.
XII
.
Epigram.
studie
to
goe
beyond
the
tyger
and
the
light
Ostrich
.
It
is
no
glory
at
all
to
out-run
asses
.
it
is
meet
that
all
such
as
doe
long
with
a
fervent
desire
after
great
matters
,
should
try
all
:
and
if
any
one
hath
not
the
ready
helpe
of
his
owne
nature
,
if
he
lack
the
force
of
a
piercing
wit
,
if
he
thinke
himselfe
but
slenderly
furnished
with
the
disciplines
of
great
Arts
,
let
him
for
all
that
hold
the
best
course
he
may
;
seeing
it
is
honourable
enough
that
they
which
doe
strive
for
the
first
place
,
should
be
seene
in
the
second
or
third
:
neither
have
workmen
instantly
withdrawne
themselves
from
the
Arts
they
did
professe
,
because
they
could
not
imitate
the
beautie
of
that
or
of
that
wee
saw
sometimes
at
neither
hath
the
image
of
or
the
statue
of
amazed
them
so
much
,
as
that
they
should
not
try
what
they
could
performe
,
and
how
farre
they
might
goe
:
yea
there
hath
rather
been
such
a
multitude
of
them
,
and
every
one
hath
deserved
so
much
praise
in
his
kinde
,
that
the
best
of
their
works
causing
admiration
,
the
meaner
neverthelesse
have
obtained
approbation
.
Velleius
Paterculus
is
a
nource
of
wits
:
and
whilest
our
imitation
is
provoked
sometimes
by
envie
,
sometimes
by
admiration
,
it
falleth
out
that
the
thing
earnestly
sought
after
,
is
quickly
brought
to
some
height
of
perfection
:
but
then
is
it
a
very
hard
matter
that
any
thing
should
continue
long
in
that
perfection
;
seeing
naturally
,
what
cannot
goe
forward
,
goeth
backward
:
and
as
at
the
first
we
are
very
well
disposed
,
to
overtake
them
that
run
before
us
;
so
,
when
we
doe
despaire
to
goe
beyond
them
or
else
to
keepe
an
even
pace
with
them
,
our
earnestnesse
together
with
our
hope
groweth
cold
,
and
ceaseth
to
follow
what
it
cannot
overtake
:
leaving
therefore
the
whole
matter
,
as
being
afore-hand
seased
upon
by
others
,
wee
seeke
a
new
one
;
and
passing
by
that
,
wherein
we
cannot
excell
,
we
doe
looke
about
for
something
to
worke
upon
:
whereupon
it
followeth
that
a
frequent
and
wavering
change
turneth
to
be
the
greatest
hindrance
of
perfection
.
Lib.
I.
c.
All
manner
of
sciences
and
eloquence
have
been
revived
in
Lib.
I.
historiae
Suevorum
,
cap.
and
consequently
all
kinde
of
wittie
Arts
,
as
for
these
Arts
do
love
one
another
wonderfull
well
:
doth
require
wit
also
doth
demand
wit
;
not
an
ordinary
one
,
but
a
high
and
profound
wit
.
It
is
a
wonderfull
thing
,
that
hath
ever
flourished
when
did
beare
a
great
sway
;
as
the
times
of
teach
us
:
but
also
could
not
stand
any
longer
.
Arts
are
advanced
,
not
so
much
by
them
that
dare
make
a
great
shew
of
Art
,
but
rather
by
them
that
know
how
to
find
out
what
there
is
in
every
Art
,
Adorne
any
thing
purely
and
soberly
,
Noct.
Attic.
lib.
VII
.
cap.
and
it
shall
grow
better
and
better
;
daube
it
over
on
the
contrary
with
the
painting
colour
of
women
,
and
it
shall
resemble
a
jugglers
delusion
:
Such
is
alwayes
the
condition
of
our
minds
,
that
the
workes
begun
with
necessary
things
,
end
most
commonly
with
superfluous
,
Nat.
hist.
lib.
xxvi
.
cap.
Apelles
,
Echion
,
Melanthius
,
Nicomachus
,
most
famous
Painters
,
Lib.
xxxv
.
cap.
have
made
these
immortall
workes
with
foure
colours
onely
;
and
yet
was
every
one
of
their
workes
sold
by
it selfe
for
the
wealth
of
whole
Cities
.
Now
on
the
contrary
is
there
never
a
noble
picture
made
,
though
purple
settleth
it selfe
upon
our
walls
,
though
bringeth
in
the
mud
of
her
rivers
,
as
also
the
corrupt
bloud
of
Dragons
and
Elephants
:
It
will
not
be
amisse
to
expound
,
Lib.
VII
.
cap.
why
the
integritie
of
workmanship
is
now
adayes
put
down
by
false
and
adulterate
wayes
;
for
what
laborious
and
industrious
antiquitie
did
study
to
have
commended
for
the
Art
,
the
same
doe
our
Artificers
obtaine
by
the
fine
shew
of
rare
colours
;
and
the
cost
bestowed
upon
the
worke
by
the
patron
of
the
worke
,
bringeth
to
passe
,
that
the
authoritie
ancient
works
drew
out
of
the
subtiltie
of
the
Artificer
,
is
not
so
much
as
desired
.
Who
was
there
among
the
ancients
but
he
did
use
vermilian
sparingly
,
and
even
after
the
manner
of
a
medicament
?
but
now
are
there
every
where
whole
walls
daubed
over
with
it
,
as
also
with
which
things
,
when
they
are
used
in
painting
,
draw
the
eyes
by
their
glistering
brightnesse
,
though
they
be
never
placed
by
any
art
:
and
because
they
are
very
chargeable
and
costly
,
the
law
hath
excepted
them
,
that
namely
the
patrone
of
the
worke
should
exhibite
and
provide
them
,
not
the
Artificer
.
Picture
,
an
Art
noble
in
times
past
,
Lib.
xxxv
.
nat.
hist.
cap.
is
now
altogether
thrust
out
by
marble
and
gold
:
not
onely
that
whole
walls
are
covered
with
it
,
but
that
marble
also
is
scraped
and
filed
for
to
make
party-coloured
crusts
representing
severall
things
and
beasts
:
the
lower
squares
of
pillars
have
lost
their
estimation
they
were
in
;
no
more
are
whole
spaces
of
hils
that
lie
hid
in
our
privie
chambers
liked
of
:
we
have
begun
to
paint
stones
also
:
this
was
found
out
in
the
times
of
his
government
:
as
it
was
first
instituted
in
his
times
to
vary
the
unitie
of
a
stone
by
inserting
such
spots
into
the
crust
as
were
not
by
nature
:
that
namely
the
stone
might
be
filled
with
ovalls
,
and
the
should
seeme
to
be
distinguished
with
purple
;
even
as
waiward
delicacies
would
have
them
grow
.
Lib.
II.
Paedagog
.
cap.
Clemens
Alexandrinus
There
is
a
wonderfull
great
difference
between
pure
neatnesse
and
curious
affectation
,
Lib.
VI.
Sympos
.
problem
Things
more
honest
are
also
more
specious
in
a
bodie
that
doth
not
fit
it selfe
for
luxury
and
lust
,
Lib.
XII
.
cap.
Lib.
V.
cap.
When
I
look
upon
Nature
it selfe
,
any
man
is
fairer
,
in
my
opinion
,
then
an
Bunuch
:
so
cannot
Providence
disdain
her
own
worke
so
much
,
as
to
suffer
debilitie
to
be
reckoned
among
the
best
inventions
;
neither
can
I
thinke
that
any
thing
is
made
fairer
by
cutting
,
which
if
it
were
brought
forth
so
,
should
be
counted
a
monster
.
Let
lust
therefore
glory
in
the
counterfeit
effeminatenesse
of
the
maimed
sex
;
yet
shall
not
evill
customes
get
so
much
mastership
,
as
to
make
it
good
also
,
what
they
have
made
precious
.
It
is
more
delightfull
to
an
Artificer
,
to
paint
,
then
to
have
done
painting
:
our
sollicitude
,
as
long
as
shee
busieth
her selfe
about
the
worke
,
taketh
a
singular
great
pleasure
in
the
occupation
it selfe
:
he
is
nothing
neere
so
much
delighted
,
that
hath
alreadie
accomplished
the
worke
:
for
he
doth
now
enjoy
the
fruit
of
his
Art
;
whereas
before
,
whilest
he
did
paint
,
he
enjoyed
the
Art
it selfe
.
The
youthfull
yeares
of
our
children
are
more
beneficiall
and
profitable
,
but
their
infancie
for
all
that
is
a
great
deale
sweeter
.
Plutarch
as
many
as
love
to
paint
,
are
so
taken
with
the
goodly
shew
of
their
workes
in
hand
,
that
when
he
made
a
picture
famous
by
the
name
did
often
aske
his
servants
whether
he
had
dined
?
I
have
seene
Painters
doe
their
worke
,
there
is
every
where
nothing
but
life
and
motion
;
so
are
also
these
new
upgrowing
things
entertained
with
a
great
deale
of
favour
and
sollicitude
,
Lib.
X.
c.
This
same
favour
also
together
with
the
conceived
hope
conducing
to
the
fertilitie
of
our
wit
,
Lucan
.
carm.
ad
Pisonem
.
We
doe
see
therefore
how
little
children
themselves
cannot
rest
,
and
as
they
grow
more
in
yeares
,
they
love
so
well
to
be
alwayes
in
action
,
that
they
can
hardly
be
beaten
from
laborious
and
toilesome
playes
:
so
doth
also
this
desire
of
doing
alwayes
something
,
still
encrease
with
their
ages
.
It
is
then
evident
that
we
are
borne
to
doe
alwayes
something
:
Seneca
,
epist.
any
wit
almost
may
be
enflamed
,
Lib.
III.
de
Ponto
,
Eleg.
by
the
applause
and
cheerfull
favour
of
the
people
.
it
is
a
most
comfortable
thing
to
have
a
fore-feeling
of
what
we
hope
to
attaine
unto
,
Lib.
IV.
ep.
Latinus
Pacatus
,
the
flitting
pleasure
of
sudden
successes
,
as
it
taketh
us
,
so
doth
it
leave
us
:
it
is
a
longer
felicitie
when
we
are
secure
of
what
we
expect
:
Those
that
have
hung
up
unto
the
Gods
great
donaries
,
passe
the
rest
of
their
time
with
a
great
deale
of
pleasantnesse
,
as
having
now
in
their
daily
conversation
some
fine
thing
of
their
owne
to
relate
:
yea
if
they
had
many
other
things
to
say
that
might
make
them
famous
,
yet
would
they
goe
by
all
the
rest
,
and
boast
most
confidently
that
they
doe
not
feare
to
be
buried
in
oblivion
,
seeing
their
worke
remaineth
in
the
finest
place
under
the
Sunne
:
neither
doth
this
confidence
deceive
them
;
for
whosoever
doth
shew
the
study
of
his
minde
in
places
of
great
resort
,
procureth
unto
himselfe
an
everlasting
glorie
:
such
is
,
in
my
opinion
,
the
case
of
those
who
have
consecrated
the
wisdome
of
their
hands
at
the
provocations
of
vices
have
also
augmented
the
Art
:
it
hath
been
pleasing
to
engrave
wanton
lusts
upon
the
cups
,
and
to
drinke
in
ribauldrie
abominations
,
Diadorus
Siculus
lib.
IV.
Biblioth.
Perilaus
Diod.
Siculus
lib.
xx
.
Nabis
Polybius
lib.
xviii
.
Ovid
In
Ibin
,
vers.
Diod.
Siculus
lib.
xx
Caesar
lib.
VI.
de
bello
Gall.
cap.
Strabo
lib.
IV.
Geogr.
D.
Prosper
.
part
III.
de
Promiss
.
&
praedictionib
.
Dei
,
promiss
.
Shadrach
,
Meshach
Daniel
cap.
Plinius
junior
lib.
inventions
to
supplie
our
wants
,
are
more
ancient
,
then
those
that
serve
onely
to
satisfie
our
pleasure
,
Whatsoever
is
usefull
,
hath
his
turne
before
any
other
thing
onely
delightfull
,
Lib.
I.
de
Re
rust
.
cap.
Diod.
Siculus
their
letters
resemble
divers
living
creatures
,
as
also
extremities
of
men
,
and
most
of
all
artificers
instruments
:
for
their
words
are
not
expressed
by
the
composition
of
syllables
and
letters
,
but
they
are
under
the
forme
and
signification
of
images
printed
into
the
memory
of
men
by
use
.
Corn.
Tacitus
Aegyptians
,
the
Aegyptians
did
first
of
all
,
A●●●●…
.
lib
,
XI
,
cap.
set
forth
the
meaning
of
their
minde
by
figures
of
living
creatures
:
and
the
most
ancient
monuments
of
humane
memorie
are
as
yet
seene
printed
in
stones
after
such
a
manner
.
Ovid
lib.
VI.
Metam
Ausonius
epist.
Achilles
Tatius
,
Philomela
found
out
a
silent
voice
;
for
shee
weaveth
a
long
vesture
,
describing
therein
the
tragicall
fact
;
her
hand
performeth
the
office
of
her
tongue
,
and
shee
doth
discover
unto
the
eyes
of
things
belonging
to
her
eares
,
telling
her
by
the
meanes
of
a
shittle
what
shee
hath
suffered
from
the
vesture
understandeth
the
rape
.
Q.
Pedius
Q.
Pedius
natur
.
hist.
cap.
nephew
to
that
consular
and
triumphall
who
by
the
Dictator
was
made
co-heire
with
being
dumbe
by
nature
the
Orator
,
out
of
whose
familie
the
boy's
grandmother
was
,
did
think
it
fit
to
have
him
taught
the
Art
of
painting
,
himselfe
being
also
of
that
opinion
:
he
died
a
boy
,
having
profited
very
well
in
the
Art
.
Lib.
II.
de
Re
militari
,
cap.
that
he
may
the
easier
pourtray
in
his
painted
platformes
any
fashion
of
worke
his
minde
putteth
him
upon
,
Vitruvius
,
lib.
I.
Architect
.
cap.
Doe
yee
not
see
the
Architects
Greg.
Nyssenus
how
they
doe
worke
out
the
patterns
of
huge
and
mightie
buildings
in
a
little
wax
,
and
how
the
proportion
of
so
small
an
example
keepeth
the
same
force
in
a
greater
structure
?
Geometrie
and
Astrologie
goe
farre
beyond
for
they
doe
counterfeit
every
thing
so
lively
,
as
if
the
Labyrinth-maker
had
contrived
them
Martianus
Capella
Archimedes
Siculus
did
cunningly
make
the
similitude
and
figure
of
the
world
in
hollow
brasse
,
painting
also
the
celestiall
signes
on
that
same
brasse
,
De
origine
erroris
,
ca.
The
Greeke
Authors
of
Physick
have
after
a
most
pleasant
way
painted
the
shapes
of
hearbs
,
writing
their
effects
underneath
,
Many
sorts
of
birds
were
painted
in
the
Hetrurian
discipline
,
Lib.
X.
cap.
T.
Pomponius
Atticus
so
that
their
deeds
and
honours
are
described
under
every
one
his
image
with
no
more
but
foure
or
five
verses
,
Corn.
Nepos
that
the
love
of
images
hath
been
much
in
request
,
Lib.
xxxv
,
cap.
is
witnessed
by
that
friend
of
seeing
he
published
a
volume
of
images
:
it
is
witnessed
also
by
who
by
a
most
bountifull
invention
inserted
into
the
fertilitie
of
his
volumes
not
the
names
onely
,
but
in
some
manner
the
images
also
of
seven
hundred
illustrious
Worthies
;
not
suffering
their
shapes
to
perish
,
nor
age
to
prevaile
against
men
;
deserving
the
envie
of
the
Gods
themselves
by
the
invention
of
such
a
gift
;
since
he
did
not
onely
bestow
immortalitie
upon
them
,
but
sent
them
also
abroad
into
all
Countries
,
that
they
might
be
present
every
where
and
carried
about
.
the
picture
of
the
tabernacle
,
of
the
temple
of
God
,
made
after
the
likenesse
of
heaven
,
De
Divinis
lectionib
.
c.
as
it
was
cunningly
drawne
in
his
proper
lineaments
,
hath
been
fitted
by
me
in
the
Latine
pandects
after
a
most
competent
manner
.
I
have
expressed
for
the
Book-binders
,
Ibidem
,
cap.
severall
wayes
of
bindings
,
painted
all
in
one
volume
;
to
the
end
a
scholar
might
choose
such
a
fashion
of
covering
as
he
shall
like
best
.
Lib.
IV.
Eleg.
I
am
compelled
to
learne
the
painted
worlds
out
of
a
mappe
.
I
am
compelled
such
as
have
travelled
by
sea
and
by
land
,
Saturnal
.
lib.
VII
,
cap.
rejoyce
when
they
are
asked
about
the
situation
of
an
unknowne
Country
,
or
about
one
or
other
bay
of
the
sea
;
they
doe
answer
therefore
most
willingly
,
describing
the
places
sometimes
with
words
,
sometimes
with
a
sticke
;
esteeming
it
no
small
glory
to
represent
to
the
eyes
of
others
what
they
themselves
have
seene
.
Aelianus
var.
hist.
lib.
XII
,
cap.
ultimo
.
Ctesias
Cnidius
Theon
sophista
progymn
.
cap.
XI
.
Jul.
Frontinus
lib.
III.
Stratag
.
cap.
Tzetzes
Chiliad
.
I
,
hist.
Diod.
Siculus
lib.
II.
Tzetzes
Chil.
XII
,
hist.
Frontinus
lib.
I.
Stratag
.
cap.
Thebanes
.
Epaminondas
Polyaenus
lib.
II.
Stratagematum
.
L.
Sylla
Frontinus
Stratag
.
lib.
I
,
cap.
Valer.
Maximus
lib.
I
,
cap.
Apollo
.
Theagenes
Suidas
.
Jupiter
Pausanias
lib.
IX
.
Amasis
Porphyrius
lib.
We
must
know
Secundi
Aeneid
that
things
fained
in
sacrifices
are
taken
for
true
things
:
wherefore
,
when
a
sacrifice
is
to
be
made
of
such
creatures
as
are
hard
to
come
by
,
they
are
made
of
paste
or
waxe
,
and
are
taken
for
true
ones
.
Canopus
.
Annibal
Corn.
Nepos
Polyaenus
lib.
not
the
fresh-water
souldiers
onely
Lib.
I.
de
Re
militari
,
cap.
but
the
stipendiarie
also
were
strictly
enjoyned
to
practise
the
vaulting
art
:
which
custome
,
although
now
with
some
dissimulation
,
is
come
downe
to
this
present
age
.
Woodden
horses
were
put
under
the
roofe
,
when
it
was
winter
;
in
the
open
field
,
when
it
was
sommer
:
and
young
men
were
compelled
to
get
upon
them
,
first
unarmed
,
till
they
were
used
to
it
;
and
afterwards
,
in
their
full
armour
:
yea
they
went
about
it
so
carefully
,
that
they
did
get
up
and
downe
indifferently
at
the
right
or
left
side
,
holding
also
drawne
swords
or
long
speares
in
their
hands
:
no
wonder
then
that
they
should
doe
it
in
the
tumult
of
a
battell
so
readily
,
who
did
practise
it
in
the
quietnesse
of
peace
so
studiously
.
Aelianus
de
Animalib
.
lib.
XVI
,
cap.
Polyaenus
lib.
Photius
in
Excerptis
ex
hist.
Olympiodori
.
Apollonius
Rhodius
Lib.
IV.
Argonant
Tzetzes
in
Lycophronis
Cassandram
The
Tuscanes
are
sayd
to
haue
first
found
out
statues
in
Italy
,
Variarum
,
lib.
VII
and
Posteritie
having
embraced
this
invention
of
theirs
,
hath
very
neer
filled
up
the
city
with
a
number
of
people
equall
unto
them
that
were
begotten
by
Nature
.
Pollux
,
Nireus
,
Narcissus
,
Hiacynthus
,
B.
Hieronymus
Genesis
.
The
shapes
of
bodies
brought
forth
,
Nat.
hist.
cap.
are
reputed
to
be
sutable
to
the
mindes
of
the
Parents
,
in
which
many
casuall
things
beare
a
great
sway
;
things
seene
,
heard
,
remembred
,
phantasies
also
running
in
the
mind
at
the
very
instant
of
conception
:
a
thought
likewise
running
in
the
mind
of
either
of
both
the
Parents
,
is
conceived
either
to
giue
the
whole
shape
to
the
child
,
or
els
to
mix
it
.
Whence
it
is
that
more
differences
are
in
man
,
than
in
any
other
creature
whatsoever
;
seeing
the
nimblenesse
of
his
thoughts
,
the
swiftnesse
of
his
minde
,
and
the
varietie
of
his
wit
,
do
imprint
in
him
images
of
many
and
seueral
fashions
:
whereas
all
other
creatures
have
unmoveable
minds
,
and
in
their
owne
kinde
alike
.
Retractat
.
Lib.
de
Ther.
ad
Pis
Julius
Caesars
Appianus
Lib.
Herodian
.
lib.
Claudianus
,
de
Honorii
&
Mariae
nuptiis
.
Q.
Fabius
Marcus
Varro
Agellius
,
noct
.
Attic.
lib.
Eubata
Cyrenaeus
Aelian
lib.
Var.
hist.
ca.
We
do
love
the
images
of
our
Beloved
,
when
wee
cannot
see
them
present
with
us
.
Ovid.
lib.
de
Ponto
,
Eleg.
Heroïdum
,
Epistolâ
I
haue
loved
the
most
compleat
young
man
as
fervently
,
Lib.
II.
Epist.
as
now
I
do
require
him
impatiently
.
So
will
it
be
unto
me
a
most
acceptable
thing
to
see
sometimes
this
same
image
of
his
,
and
to
looke
backe
upon
it
;
to
stand
now
and
then
neere
it
,
and
to
go
by
it
.
For
if
the
images
we
haue
in
our
privat
houses
of
them
that
are
dead
,
doe
very
much
asswage
our
griefe
;
how
much
more
shall
those
images
bring
that
to
passe
,
which
in
a
place
of
great
resort
do
not
only
shew
their
shape
and
countenance
,
but
their
honor
and
glory
also
?
Lactant.
cap.
de
Falsa
Religione
:
Every
one
thinketh
that
honor
bestowed
upon
himselfe
,
Lib.
IX
.
Epist.
which
he
findeth
deservedly
to
be
conferred
upon
others
.
Lib.
I.
Epist.
When
worthy
men
receive
the
fruit
of
their
doings
,
all
they
that
follow
their
stepeps
are
likewise
filled
with
hope
.
Phlegon
cap.
Pliny
,
Nat.
hist.
lib.
Corn.
Nepos
in
Chabria
.
The
statues
of
the
Embassadors
slaine
at
were
set
up
at
Rome
in
a
most
frequented
place
,
knowne
by
the
name
Because
they
died
for
the
Republique
.
Anthemocritus
.
Velleius
Paterculus
hist.
cap.
Alexander
the
Great
requested
a
singular
workman
in
such
things
,
to
make
the
statues
of
the
horsemen
of
his
troupe
that
were
slaine
at
as
like
them
as
could
bee
,
and
that
he
should
set
his
statue
among
them
.
Arrianus
,
lib.
de
Exped
.
Alexandri
attempting
a
thing
of
greater
fame
with
posteritie
,
than
credit
,
and
the
city
thankefully
acknowledged
such
a
vertue
,
erecting
him
a
statue
in
a
place
of
great
resort
,
knowne
by
the
name
The
Romanes
rewarded
so
new
a
vertue
in
a
woman
,
with
a
new
kinde
of
honour
,
for
in
memory
of
her
,
in
the
most
eminent
part
of
they
set
up
a
statue
of
a
maid
on
horsebacke
.
Campus
Tiberinus
Pliny
,
lib.
Nat
hist.
ca.
Accius
Navius
Livy
,
lib.
Agellius
,
lib.
Noct.
Attic.
cap.
ultimo
Tully
,
lib.
in
Verrem
Asconius
Pedianus
Pliny
,
lib.
Nat.
hist.
cap.
Valerius
Maximus
,
lib.
Suidas
in
Hipponax
.
Acron
.
in
Vitruvius
lib.
architect
.
cap.
In
Tiberio
,
cap.
Juvenal
,
Satyr
Simon
Magus
Apolog.
advers.
Gentes
,
cap.
Pliny
,
lib.
Nat.
hist.
cap.
Ausonius
in
Mosella
.
Pliny
,
lib.
Nat.
hist.
cap.
Suidas
in
Magnetis
.
Cedrenus
,
ad
annum
undecimum
Theodosii
Imp.
There
is
good
reason
,
why
the
memory
of
great
vertues
should
be
reputed
a
sacred
thing
;
seeing
a
great
many
doe
delight
more
in
vertuous
courses
,
if
the
favourable
estimation
of
good
men
do
not
perish
with
them
,
Seneca
,
lib.
de
Benef.
cap.
The
rewards
of
good
and
bad
men
make
men
good
or
bad
.
Few
haue
so
much
goodnesse
by
nature
,
as
not
to
chuse
or
shunne
honest
or
dishonest
things
,
as
they
see
other
men
speedwell
or
ill
by
them
.
The
rest
,
when
they
see
that
the
reward
of
labor
,
vigilancy
,
and
frugality
is
bestowed
upon
lazinesse
,
drowsinesse
,
and
luxurie
,
study
also
to
obtaine
the
same
rewards
by
the
same
meanes
others
have
obtained
them
:
they
do
therefore
desire
to
be
and
to
seeme
such
as
those
were
;
and
whilest
they
doe
so
much
desire
to
bee
like
them
;
they
are
quickely
made
like
them
,
Because
by
the
ornaments
bestowed
vpon
good
men
,
we
are
stirred
vp
to
imitate
them
,
and
an
emulating
vertue
is
led
by
the
honours
conferred
upon
others
.
Hence
it
was
,
that
in
the
rudest
times
of
antiquitie
,
those
that
excelled
in
vertue
,
being
expressed
by
the
hand
of
Art
,
were
transmitted
to
the
memorie
of
posteritie
.
And
it
were
to
be
wished
,
that
the
base
remisnesse
of
flatterers
had
not
afterwards
any
thing
derogated
from
that
glory
;
although
those
honours
are
not
to
be
esteemed
of
equall
value
,
that
are
obtained
by
uneqall
meanes
.
Images
of
men
were
seldome
expressed
,
Lib.
xxxiv
.
Nat.
hist.
cap.
but
of
such
onely
as
for
some
noble
act
had
deserved
perpetuitie
.
First
,
for
victory
in
one
or
other
of
the
sacred
Games
,
but
most
of
all
of
the
games
,
where
it
was
the
custom
to
consecrate
the
statues
of
all
them
that
had
overcome
:
and
if
any
had
overcome
thrice
in
the
said
Games
,
their
similitude
was
expressed
out
of
their
very
limmes
;
which
kinde
of
statues
were
called
This
custome
hath
afterwards
beene
received
in
the
whole
world
by
a
most
curteous
ambition
;
for
statues
have
now
begun
to
bee
an
ornament
of
the
market
places
in
all
municipall
townes
:
so
is
it
also
an
ordinary
thing
to
prorogate
the
memory
of
men
,
and
to
write
upon
the
bases
such
titles
of
honours
,
that
all
Ages
might
reade
them
there
,
lest
they
should
be
read
only
upon
sepulchres
.
Privat
houses
likewise
and
their
halls
afterwards
became
like
market
places
:
the
respect
Clients
bore
their
patrons
,
first
instituted
to
worship
them
after
this
maner
.
This
was
at
the
invention
of
Lib.
xxxv
,
Nat.
hist.
cap.
who
when
he
did
dedicate
a
Library
,
made
a
commonwealth
of
wits
.
Yet
is
it
not
easie
for
me
to
say
,
whether
the
Kings
of
who
erected
libraries
for
strife
,
did
it
before
him
or
not
.
Pliny
,
lib.
M.
Varro
Asinius
Pollio
Pliny
,
lib.
Nat.
hist.
cap.
Our
forefathers
had
images
in
their
halls
,
that
deserved
to
bee
looked
upon
,
Lib.
xxxv
.
Nat.
hist.
cap.
not
the
works
of
forrein
Artificers
,
notable
for
the
brasse
or
the
marble
.
Faces
expressed
in
waxe
were
orderly
placed
in
every
hollownesse
fitted
for
such
use
,
that
there
might
not
want
Images
to
accompany
the
funerals
of
every
family
;
and
alwayes
when
any
one
was
dead
,
the
whole
people
of
that
family
,
as
many
as
ever
had
beene
famous
,
were
present
there
.
The
degrees
also
of
Kindred
set
forth
in
garlands
,
did
reach
unto
the
painted
Images
:
and
the
roomes
neer
the
Court-yard
,
where
their
records
and
evidences
were
kept
,
did
abound
with
books
and
monuments
of
noble
deeds
performed
when
they
were
in
authoritie
.
Without
doores
about
the
haunse
or
frontier
there
did
appeare
other
Images
of
great
spirits
,
the
spoyles
taken
from
their
enemies
being
fastned
there
,
that
the
buyer
might
not
breake
them
off
.
The
houses
themselves
did
triumph
,
though
their
masters
were
changed
:
so
was
this
also
a
great
pricking
of
their
mindes
,
the
houses
daily
upbraiding
them
,
that
an
unwarlike
master
did
step
into
another
mans
triumph
.
Sallustius
;
I
have
often
heard
,
and
other
great
men
of
our
city
,
were
wont
to
say
,
That
they
felt
their
mindes
mightily
inflamed
to
vertue
,
when
they
did
but
looke
upon
the
Images
of
their
Ancestors
:
not
that
there
was
any
such
force
in
that
wax
and
figure
,
but
that
the
memory
of
their
famous
acts
did
kindle
this
flame
in
the
brests
of
brave
men
,
which
could
not
be
quenched
,
untill
by
a
vertuous
course
they
had
attained
to
their
fame
and
glory
.
Valer.
Maximus
lib.
Julius
Caesar
Dio
Cassius
I
have
shewed
the
Letters
unto
in
L.
Catilinam
asking
him
whether
hee
knew
the
seale
:
which
being
confessed
by
him
,
It
is
truly
,
sayd
I
,
a
seale
very
well
knowne
,
being
the
image
of
your
most
famous
grandfather
,
who
loved
his
countrey
and
countreymen
dearely
;
and
this
speechlesse
image
might
very
wel
haue
recalled
you
from
such
wicked
attempts
.
Scipio
Africanus
His
kinsfolks
pulled
the
ring
from
his
hand
,
Lib.
iii.
c.
in
which
his
head
was
ingraven
Picture
in
my
opinion
was
most
of
all
brought
in
request
at
who
being
then
Generall
,
placed
at
a
side
of
the
picture
of
that
battell
wherein
he
overcame
the
the
foure
hundred
foure
score
and
tenth
yeere
of
the
founding
of
the
city
.
The
glory
of
the
Scene
made
the
Art
more
famous
at
For
the
Scene
of
his
Playes
was
very
much
wondered
at
for
the
excellencie
of
picture
;
seeing
Crowes
deceived
by
the
image
,
came
flying
to
the
similitude
of
the
painted
Tiles
.
There
is
in
the
mention
of
Picture
a
pretie
tale
divulged
of
who
in
the
time
of
his
Triumvirat
being
lodged
by
the
Magistrates
of
a
certaine
towne
in
a
thicke
woodded
place
,
he
expostulated
the
next
day
with
them
after
a
threatning
manner
,
because
his
sleepe
had
been
broke
by
the
singing
of
birds
:
but
they
having
hung
round
about
the
place
a
dragon
painted
upon
a
long
role
of
parchment
,
made
the
birds
hold
their
peace
:
and
so
was
it
afterwards
knowne
that
this
was
the
way
to
restraine
them
.
Aelian
.
lib.
de
Animalib
.
cap.
Jul.
Pollux
,
onomast
.
lib.
Photius
in
Excerptis
ex
lib.
Plinie
lib.
nat.
hist.
lib.
Lib.
X.
vers.
Val.
Maximus
Lib.
IX
,
cap.
burning
fevers
shall
leave
you
never
a
whit
sooner
,
Lib.
II
,
vers.
if
you
tosse
in
woven
imagerie
and
rich
scarlet
,
then
if
you
lie
under
meane
and
ordinarie
coverings
.
Plinie
lib.
nat.
hist.
cap.
Plinie
lib.
nat.
hist.
cap.
Aelian
.
lib.
de
Animalib
.
cap.
Claudianus
lib.
I.
in
Eutropium
,
vers
.
Virgil
in
Ciris
the
gowne
deserved
by
them
Isidorus
Hispal
.
Originum
lib.
that
had
overcome
their
enemies
,
was
called
it
was
called
also
a
painted
gowne
,
for
the
victories
and
palme-trees
that
were
woven
in
it
Toscanes
.
Our
ancestours
have
taken
the
greater
part
of
the
ensignes
of
Magistrates
from
the
Toscanes
.
Macrobius
Tullus
Hostilius
,
the
sonne
of
Hostus
,
and
third
King
of
the
Romanes
,
Lib.
II.
Saturnal
.
c.
did
first
of
all
institute
at
Rome
the
use
of
the
Chariot
of
state
,
called
the
Sergeants
,
called
the
Gownes
,
called
which
were
all
ornaments
used
by
the
Silius
Italicus
lib.
Mars
.
Schol.
vet.
in
Aeschylum
.
Tzetzes
in
Lycophronis
Cassandram
.
Mars
,
Romulus
Arbiter
Satyrico
Phaedrus
Fabulâ
LXIV
There
is
no
place
without
his
peculiar
Genius
,
libri
V
Aeneid
and
this
same
Genius
is
for
the
most
part
expressed
by
the
image
of
a
snake
.
Aurel.
Prudentius
lib.
II.
contra
Symmachum
.
Epona
Juvenal
.
Satyrâ
Paulus
Diaconus
de
gestis
Longobardorum
,
lib.
IV
,
cap.
Paulus
Diaconus
lib.
IV.
de
gestis
Longobard
.
cap.
Libanius
Declam
Virgil.
lib.
X.
Aeneid
Valer.
Flaccus
lib.
Vitruvius
,
lib.
Architect
.
cap.
Pompeius
Festus
Plinie
lib.
xxxv
.
nat.
hist.
cap.
Vitruvius
lib.
Archit
.
cap.
Plin.
lib.
xxxv
.
nat.
hist.
cap.
Sosus
was
most
famous
in
this
kinde
of
worke
,
Lib.
xxxvi
,
Nat.
hist.
cap.
who
paved
at
the
house
they
did
call
that
is
,
the
unswept
house
:
because
he
had
counterfeited
out
of
little
and
diversly
coloured
stones
the
scraps
of
broken
meat
that
use
to
be
swept
away
,
even
as
if
carelesly
they
had
been
left
upon
the
ground
:
the
drinking
pigeon
is
there
most
admirable
,
darkening
the
water
with
the
shadow
of
her
head
,
whilest
another
snatcheth
away
the
meat
:
you
may
see
other
pigeons
play
upon
the
brimme
of
the
pots
mouth
:
others
sit
a
sunning
,
and
doe
nothing
but
claw
and
pick
their
own
feathers
.
Plin.
lib.
nat.
hist.
cap.
Vegetius
lib.
de
Re
militari
,
cap.
Plinie
lib.
nat.
hist.
cap.
Plinie
,
lib.
Seneca
de
Benef.
lib.
Ovid.
Amorum
lib.
Amorum
,
lib.
Apuleius
lib.
Claudianus
lib.
de
Stiliconis
laudib
.
vers.
in
the
times
of
our
ancestors
,
In
lib.
the
shields
of
valiant
men
were
painted
;
the
shields
of
fresh-water
souldiers
on
the
contrary
and
of
unmanly
cowards
,
were
unpainted
.
least
the
souldiers
should
at
any
time
in
the
tumult
of
a
battell
wander
from
their
fellow-souldiers
,
de
Re
milit.
cap.
severall
cohorts
had
severall
marks
painted
on
their
shields
,
called
and
this
custome
doth
as
yet
hold
:
the
name
of
the
souldier
was
likewise
written
on
the
inside
of
every
one
his
shield
,
as
also
to
what
cohort
and
centurie
the
owner
did
belong
.
Christ
being
woven
in
glistering
gold
,
did
adorne
the
purple
Church-flagges
,
Christ
was
drawne
for
an
ensigne
upon
the
shields
,
and
a
crosse
added
to
the
highest
crests
,
did
shine
after
the
manner
of
flaming
fire
.
Lib.
II.
Epist.
famil.
Lib.
xxxiii
,
Nat.
hist.
cap.
Herodotus
lib.
Virgil
lib.
Aegis
is
properly
a
brest-plate
of
brasse
,
having
the
head
of
in
the
midst
:
and
when
this
or
brest-plate
is
upon
the
brest
of
a
God
,
it
is
then
called
when
it
is
upon
the
brest
of
a
man
,
as
we
see
in
the
ancient
statues
of
Emperours
,
it
goeth
by
the
name
of
is
conceived
to
have
that
head
upon
her
brest
,
because
that
is
the
seat
of
her
wisedome
,
by
which
shee
confoundeth
her
adversaries
,
making
them
sottish
and
no
lesse
senselesse
then
any
cold
stone
.
Agoraius
Hermes
Lucian
in
Jove
tragoedo
-
Apollo
Comment.
vet.
in
Horat.
lib.
Carm.
Ode
Macrob
lib.
Saturnal
.
cap.
Stephanus
de
Urbibus
.
Hesychius
.
Harpocration
.
Suidas
.
Festus
Pompeius
in
Antefixa
Jos.
Scaliger
Antelii
dii
Hesychius
,
Aries
,
testudo
,
musculus
,
Pollux
lib.
onomast
.
cap.
Odyss.
P.
Bulla
aurea
Some
doe
beleeve
Saturnal
.
cap.
that
it
hath
been
appointed
unto
the
ingenuous
children
to
hang
the
figure
of
a
heart
in
the
golden
ornament
that
hung
upon
their
brest
,
that
looking
upon
these
ornaments
they
should
think
themselves
then
onely
to
be
men
,
when
they
did
excell
in
things
arising
out
of
a
wise
and
understanding
heart
:
they
doe
beleeve
also
that
there
hath
been
given
them
a
gowne
garded
about
with
purple
silke
,
that
by
this
ornament
of
a
purple
stitch
they
should
be
put
in
minde
how
well
a
modest
bashfulnesse
doth
become
them
.
Caduceus
.
Servius
The
rods
of
ambassadors
or
heralds
were
not
without
cause
tyed
about
with
two
serpents
,
Octavi
Aeneid
seeing
they
are
sent
to
dispose
two
hostile
armies
to
a
mutuall
reconciliation
,
by
making
them
forget
the
ranckour
of
their
inveterate
malice
and
to
become
one
;
even
as
two
venemous
serpents
,
notwithstanding
the
deadly
poison
which
is
in
them
,
couple
themselves
most
lovingly
together
.
the
ambassadors
rod
is
a
straight
stick
with
two
snakes
winding
themselves
from
two
contrary
sides
one
about
another
,
and
holding
their
heads
opposite
one
against
another
:
the
messengers
of
peace
use
to
carry
such
a
rod
;
and
it
is
held
unlawfull
to
hurt
them
whether
soever
they
goe
:
the
straight
sticke
,
signifieth
the
force
of
an
ingenuously
free
speech
:
the
image
of
the
snakes
at
either
side
,
signifieth
the
contrary
parties
:
for
so
doth
an
upright
and
resolute
speech
goe
thorough
both
the
armies
:
Polybius
lib.
Suidas
.
Fulgentius
Mercurie
:
a
rod
tyed
about
with
serpents
,
is
attributed
unto
because
he
giveth
the
Merchants
sometimes
an
extraordinarie
huge
power
,
which
is
signified
by
the
scepter
;
sometimes
a
sore
hurt
,
which
is
insinuated
by
the
serpents
.
Homer
Odyss
.
H
,
vers.
Plutarch
in
Quaestionibus
Grecis
Thueidides
lib.
Athenaeus
lib.
Festus
Pompeius
Plinie
lib.
nat.
hist.
cap.
In
Augusto
,
cap.
Cubiculares
imagines
Q.
Curtius
lib.
Lib.
xxxiii
.
cap.
C.
Gracchus
Lib.
X
,
Architect
.
c.
Thucydides
lib.
Austin
;
the
standards
and
militarie
dragons
,
Lib.
II
,
de
doctr.
Christ
.
cap.
insinuate
unto
us
the
Generalls
will
by
the
means
of
our
eyes
.
Nazianzene
orat
Stat.
Papinius
Festus
Pompeius
Porci
effigies
Plinie
lib.
nat.
hist.
cap.
Vegetius
,
it
hath
ever
been
esteemed
a
most
safe
thing
in
warre
,
Lib.
III.
de
Re
milit.
cap.
that
none
should
know
what
is
to
be
done
:
and
therefore
have
the
ancients
used
the
image
of
for
an
ensigne
of
their
legions
;
to
signifie
,
that
the
counsell
of
a
Generall
must
be
kept
secret
,
even
as
this
was
privily
shut
up
in
the
most
inward
and
retired
parts
of
the
labyrinth
:
Festus
Pompeius
Dio
Cassius
lib.
X
L.
Ammianus
Marcellinus
lib.
XVI
.
hist.
Claudianus
lib.
in
Rufinum
,
vers.
Panegyrike
de
Epitrapezii
dii
you
doe
consecrate
your
tables
,
by
setting
salt-sellers
and
images
of
Gods
upon
the
boord
.
Statius
Papinius
Among
so
many
things
Hercules
,
the
Genius
and
protector
of
the
pure
table
,
possessed
my
heart
with
a
great
deale
of
love
,
and
hath
not
been
able
to
satisfie
mine
eyes
by
looking
never
so
much
upon
him
:
such
dignitie
is
there
in
the
worke
,
and
such
a
majestie
is
there
included
in
his
limmes
:
he
is
a
God
,
a
very
God
;
and
he
indulged
unto
you
,
O
to
conceive
him
great
,
though
he
be
but
little
in
shew
:
the
whole
measure
of
this
wonderfull
image
doth
not
exceed
a
foot
,
and
yet
within
so
little
a
space
,
if
you
doe
view
it
well
,
there
is
so
great
a
deceitfulnesse
of
the
forme
,
that
you
shall
be
disposed
to
cry
out
,
The
waster
of
the
Nemaean
forrest
was
pressed
to
death
by
this
brest
;
these
armes
did
carry
the
deadly
club
,
and
brake
the
oares
of
What
a
strange
power
was
there
in
this
hand
,
and
with
how
great
an
experience
was
the
care
of
that
learned
Artificer
accompanied
,
to
make
at
once
an
image
fit
for
the
table
,
and
to
conceive
huge
Colosses
in
his
minde
?
lib.
IX
,
Epigr.
Mercurius
quadratus
Pollux
Onomast
.
lib.
vii
.
cap.
Mercury
,
Hercules
Pausan
.
li.
Ovid.
lib.
Fast
.
vers.
Pausanias
lib.
Cleomedes
,
lib.
II.
cap.
Mercury
.
Arnobius
Who
is
there
that
doth
not
know
the
Athenian
were
made
after
the
similitude
of
Alcibiades
his
body
?
Hermes
strophaeus
Etymol
.
magnum
,
&
alios
.
Etymol
.
magnum
,
Hesychius
Festus
Pompeius
Conr.
Abbas
Vesperg
.
ad
annum
Jupiter
Ctesius
Lampades
in
Juvenilem
speciem
formatae
Lucretius
,
lib.
II.
vers
Homer
.
Odyss.
n.
vers
.
Athenaeus
lib.
Deipnos
.
c.
Leones
lapidel
In
excerptis
ex
lib.
the
son
of
in
one
day
.
But
thou
my
friend
,
eate
,
drinke
,
play
,
seeing
all
other
humane
things
are
not
so
much
worth
.
Arrianus
,
lib.
de
Expedit
.
Alexandri
magni
Diogenes
Cynicus
Laërtius
,
lib.
vii
Q.
Ennius
Pliny
,
li.
vii
.
Nat.
hist.
cap.
Tully
lib.
v.
Tusc.
Quest.
Paulus
Diaconus
lib.
v.
degestis
Longobard
.
cap
Machab.
lib.
II
,
cap.
Orosius
lib.
From
the
time
of
the
Emperour
,
to
the
times
of
Epist.
famil.
very
neere
one
hundred
and
fourscore
yeares
,
there
hath
been
an
image
of
set
up
and
worshipped
by
the
Heathens
in
the
place
of
the
Resurrection
,
and
another
marble
statue
of
upon
the
rocke
of
the
crosse
:
the
authors
of
persecution
weening
that
they
should
lessen
in
us
the
faith
of
the
Crosse
and
Resurrection
,
if
they
had
defiled
the
holy
places
by
their
idols
.
Festus
Pompeius
Aen.
vers
Aen.
vers.
Aristoteles
de
mundo
Herodotus
in
Euterpe
,
Xenophon
in
Symposio
.
Ovid.
lib.
II
de
Ponto
,
Eleg.
Ovid.
lib.
III.
de
Ponto
,
Eleg.
Quintil.
lib.
vi
.
Orat.
Instit.
cap.
Fabius
Maximus
little
bables
to
play
withall
;
containing
some
fourteen
Geometrical
figures
at
the
most
,
and
by
the
couching
of
these
joints
together
,
thousand
severall
sorts
of
shapes
are
resembled
:
an
Elephant
,
a
wilde
Boore
,
a
flying
Goose
,
a
Mirmillo
sinking
downe
in
his
armour
,
a
Huntsman
,
a
barking
Dog
,
a
Tower
also
,
a
Tankard
,
and
an
infinite
number
of
other
figures
,
more
cunningly
varied
by
one
than
another
:
so
that
the
sleight
used
by
the
skilfull
is
miraculous
;
and
the
best
endeavor
of
the
unskilfull
is
ridiculous
.
Jos.
Scaliger
Pliny
,
lib.
xxxv
cap
Schol.
ret
.
in
Acharnenses
Aristophanis
.
Herodotus
,
lib.
III.
hist.
Hesychius
,
Suidas
.
Aeneid
.
The
houshold
gods
In
Persii
,
Sat.
were
made
in
the
habit
of
their
gowne
being
throwne
ouer
their
left
shoulder
,
with
their
right
shoulder
bare
.
erected
two
brasen
statues
of
men
before
the
city
gates
,
Varro
,
lib.
iv
.
de
Apollonius
Tyanëus
Philostr
.
lib.
I
,
de
vita
Apollonii
,
cap.
Hesychius
.
Jul.
Pollux
Onomast
.
lib.
II.
Satyrica
signa
Pliny
,
lib.
xix
.
Nat.
hist.
cap.
Herodotus
,
lib.
II.
hist.
Plutarch
in
Symposio
septem
sap.
Tzetes
Chiliad
.
III.
hist.
Herodotus
,
lib.
I.
histor
Juvenal
,
Satyrâ
X.
v.
Aurel.
Prudentius
,
in
Romano
Martyre
.
Sella
curulis
Ovid
lib.
iv
,
de
Ponto
,
Eleg.
Plutarch
,
de
Iside
&
O
siride
.
Strabo
,
lib.
xvii
,
Geograph
.
Apuleius
,
lib.
III
,
Metamorph.
Pliny
,
lib.
xxxiv
,
cap.
Vide
auctores
vett
.
de
Limitib
.
agrorum
.
Tritones
aerei
Some
were
pleased
to
confine
the
windes
within
the
number
of
foure
,
from
the
Sun-rising
in
the
Aequinoctial
,
the
East
:
from
the
mid-day
,
the
South
:
from
the
Sun-setting
in
the
Aequinoctiall
,
the
West
:
from
the
North
,
the
North
winde
.
But
those
that
have
made
more
diligent
search
,
have
delivered
them
to
be
eight
.
most
especially
,
who
for
example
and
proofe
thereof
,
raised
at
a
Tower
of
marble
eight
square
;
and
he
made
in
each
flat
side
of
the
same
the
image
of
each
wind
directly
opposit
to
the
point
from
whence
it
blew
,
and
on
the
top
of
the
said
marble
tower
hee
made
a
short
Pike
,
and
set
thereon
a
Triton
of
brasse
,
with
the
right
hand
holding
forth
a
three
toothed
rod
,
so
framed
,
that
it
was
carried
about
by
the
winde
,
and
ever
stood
directly
against
the
blast
,
and
held
out
the
rod
pointing
at
the
wind
that
blew
,
over
the
Image
of
the
same
.
There
are
therefore
placed
betweene
the
East
and
South
,
at
the
Sunne
rising
in
the
winter
season
,
the
South-East
winde
:
betweene
the
South
and
West
at
the
sunne
setting
,
in
the
Winter
season
,
the
South-West
winde
:
betweene
the
West
and
North
,
the
North-West
wind
:
between
the
North
and
East
,
the
North-East
wind
.
Dionysii
de
situ
orbis
Aeët
as
Palaephatus
de
Fabulosis
narrationibus
Propertius
,
lib.
iv
,
Eleg.
Acron
in
Horat.
lib.
II.
Sat.
Aelian
lib.
xiv
,
var.
hist.
cap.
Diodorus
Siculus
lib.
I.
an
Image
of
Truth
Lib.
xxxiii
nat
.
hist.
ca.
Men
also
begin
to
carry
and
the
statues
of
other
Aegyptian
gods
on
their
fingers
.
Ovid.
IX
.
Metam
.
vers
.
Pliny
,
lib.
xxxiii
,
cap.
Ovid
,
lib.
vii
Metam
.
vers
.
Aelian
,
lib.
III
,
var.
hist.
cap.
Valer
.
Max.
lib.
I
,
cap.
Pliny
,
lib.
xxxiii
,
cap.
Pliny
,
lib.
Esseda
Britanna
Propert.
lib.
II
,
Eleg.
Martial
,
lib.
iv
,
Epigr.
Tully
,
lib.
iv
.
in
Verrem
.
Tully
,
lib.
iv
,
in
Verrem
.
Festus
Pomp.
Panis
caelaturae
Pliny
,
lib.
xix
,
cap.
It
was
an
ordinary
thing
in
the
times
of
the
Lib.
xxxi
.
nat.
hist.
ca.
that
the
shields
should
containe
images
.
The
originall
of
this
custome
did
proceed
out
of
a
vertuous
occasion
,
that
namely
the
owners
image
should
be
expressed
in
every
one
his
shield
.
The
made
both
the
shields
and
the
images
of
gold
,
bringing
them
into
their
campe
.
So
that
their
campe
being
taken
,
the
revenger
of
the
found
such
a
one
:
and
that
shield
was
fastned
over
the
gate
of
the
Temple
,
till
the
first
burning
of
the
Capitol
.
Achilles
Homer
,
lliad
Σ.
vers.
&
sequ
Philostratus
,
in
Pyrrho
.
Aeneas
Virgil
,
lib.
viii
,
Aeneid
.
Stesichorus
Tzetzes
in
Lycophronis
Cassandram
.
Alcibiades
Plutarch
,
in
Alcibiade
Athenaeus
,
lib.
xii
,
Deipnosophist
.
cap.
Statius
Papinius
,
lib.
ix
,
Thebaïd
vers
.
Ovid
,
lib.
v
,
Metamorph.
vers
.
Silius
Italicus
,
lib.
viii
Mutius
Scaevola
Silius
,
lib.
xvii
Scipio
Africanus
Q.
Curtius
,
lib.
III
,
cap.
Pli.
lib.
xxxvi
,
c.
some
glasse
is
fashioned
by
blowing
,
some
is
turned
,
some
is
ingraved
after
the
maner
of
silver
.
silver
cut
in
small
faces
and
titles
,
Hesychius
,
Theophrast
.
hist.
plant
.
lib.
Tzetzes
adversum
Lib.
xxxiii
,
cap.
the
Easterne
Countries
or
doe
not
yet
signe
being
contented
with
bare
letters
they
are
for
the
most
part
hollow
,
as
to
gather
the
sight
;
wherefore
they
are
spared
by
the
decree
of
men
,
it
being
for
bidden
that
they
should
be
cut
.
Herodotus
Theodorus
Samius
Plinie
lib.
Industrie
is
fed
by
glorie
Salust
.
orat.
de
Rep.
ordinandâ
:
as
many
as
are
led
by
the
hope
of
glory
and
fame
,
are
wonderfully
taken
with
the
praise
and
approbation
proceeding
from
the
inferior
sort
of
men
also
Plinie
lib.
Honour
doth
nourish
Arts
and
wee
are
all
drawne
by
glory
to
take
paines
;
so
are
also
such
things
ever
neglected
,
as
are
little
regarded
in
the
opinion
of
men
.
for
what
else
meant
a
most
noble
Romane
Val.
Maxim
who
when
he
had
painted
the
walls
of
the
temple
of
before
dedicated
by
he
set
his
owne
name
to
it
:
as
if
a
consular
,
sacerdotall
,
and
triumphall
familie
stood
yet
in
want
of
this
ornament
:
following
herein
the
example
of
who
so
placed
his
owne
image
in
the
shield
of
that
it
could
not
be
taken
away
,
without
dissolving
the
whole
joynture
of
the
worke
.
Quintilian
wee
doe
all
depend
upon
praise
,
thinking
it
to
be
the
uttermost
end
of
our
labour
.
Sauros
who
being
by
nation
,
made
temples
within
the
porches
of
Lib.
xxxvi
,
nat.
hist.
cap.
some
hold
also
that
being
very
wealthy
they
built
them
on
their
owne
charges
,
hoping
for
the
honour
of
an
inscription
;
which
being
denied
them
,
they
found
meanes
to
steale
it
another
way
;
for
on
the
lower
squares
of
the
pillars
are
yet
engraved
a
lizard
and
a
frogge
,
by
which
their
names
are
signified
.
Lib.
xxxv
,
cap.
Picture
was
a
noble
Art
in
ancient
times
,
when
it
was
sought
for
by
Kings
and
Nations
.
It
is
by
a
naturall
vice
grafted
and
rooted
in
the
brests
of
men
,
that
such
as
doe
not
understand
the
Arts
,
doe
not
admire
the
Artificers
,
Sidonius
Apollinaris
lib.
Vertues
are
obscured
by
reason
of
the
ignorance
of
Art
,
leaving
the
hope
of
his
victory
,
he
beheld
the
Artificer
in
the
midst
of
hostill
weapons
and
batterings
of
the
wall
,
lib.
xxxv
,
cap.
for
when
he
had
commanded
one
of
his
most
beloved
Concubines
,
in
regard
of
her
wonderfull
beautie
,
should
be
painted
naked
by
he
gave
her
unto
when
he
perceived
him
to
be
as
deepe
intangled
in
the
love
of
the
woman
as
he
found
himselfe
to
be
:
great
was
his
minde
,
and
yet
was
the
conquering
of
his
owne
lust
greater
:
wherefore
hath
he
likewise
been
as
much
esteemed
for
this
deed
,
as
for
any
other
victorie
;
seeing
he
overcame
himselfe
in
this
.
Neither
did
he
give
his
bed
onely
to
the
Artificer
,
but
his
affection
also
:
not
so
much
as
suffering
himselfe
to
be
moved
with
the
respect
of
his
beloved
,
but
rather
giving
way
that
shee
who
had
beene
a
Kings
concubine
,
should
now
be
the
concubine
of
a
Painter
.
the
same
King
,
to
leave
a
truer
image
unto
posteritie
,
would
not
have
his
image
by
many
Artificers
promiscuously
defiled
;
making
a
proclamation
thorough
all
his
Dominions
,
that
no
bodie
should
unadvisedly
undertake
to
expresse
his
image
in
brasse
,
in
colours
,
or
in
any
engraved
worke
;
but
that
alone
should
caste
him
in
brasse
,
alone
should
paint
him
in
colours
,
alone
should
engrave
him
:
besides
these
three
,
who
were
most
famous
for
their
workmanship
,
if
any
one
was
found
any
where
to
meddle
with
the
sacred
image
of
the
King
,
he
should
be
severely
punished
for
his
sacrilegious
attempt
.
The
feare
therefore
of
this
edict
brought
to
passe
,
that
his
image
was
every
where
the
prime
image
;
and
that
in
all
statues
,
pictures
,
and
engravings
there
was
to
be
seene
the
same
vigour
of
a
most
vehement
warrier
,
the
same
markes
of
the
greatest
dignitie
,
the
same
livelinesse
of
his
fresh
youth
,
the
same
grace
of
his
high
forehead
.
Apuleius
in
Floridis
.
lib.
II
,
Epist.
Plin.
lib.
L.
Mummius
Diana
Ephesia
Timomachus
Byzantius
Caesar
dictator
Medea
;
Caesar
Venus
genetrix
L.
Lucullus
T.
Septimius
Sabinus
M.
Agrippa
Venus
anadyomene
.
Strabo
lib.
Geogr.
Nicomedes
Marcus
Agrippa
Olympus
,
Pan
,
Chiron
Whosoever
performeth
deeds
worthy
of
verses
,
Claudian
,
is
also
a
lover
of
verses
:
Archelaus
;
Plinie
many
things
lose
their
worth
for
nothing
so
much
,
Lib.
XII
,
cap.
as
that
they
may
be
prised
at
a
certaine
rate
.
Protogenes
was
contented
with
a
little
cottage
in
his
garden
.
In
the
plaisterings
of
his
house
there
was
never
any
picture
to
be
seene
:
no
body
as
yet
tooke
a
pleasure
in
painting
whole
walls
over
:
all
their
art
was
for
Cities
,
and
the
was
a
publike
thing
for
the
benefit
of
all
Countries
,
There
is
extant
a
most
magnificent
and
worthy
oration
of
concerning
the
publishing
of
all
Pictures
and
Statues
;
which
were
better
it
had
been
done
,
then
that
they
should
be
banished
and
confined
to
some
private
country-houses
.
the
founders
of
painting
and
casting
,
inscribed
their
accomplished
workes
,
and
such
as
can
never
satisfie
our
admiration
,
with
an
uncertaine
title
,
saying
,
Apelles
or
Polycletus
made
it
:
to
make
the
world
thinke
that
the
Art
was
but
begun
and
left
unperfect
;
that
the
Artificer
likewise
by
this
means
might
looke
for
pardon
,
even
as
if
he
should
have
mended
all
,
unlesse
he
had
been
intercepted
by
an
untimely
death
.
So
was
it
then
a
custome
full
of
modesty
,
and
it
did
shew
in
them
a
wonderfull
veneration
of
these
Arts
,
that
they
would
have
posteritie
looke
upon
all
their
workes
as
if
they
were
their
last
workes
,
and
that
the
fatall
houre
had
taken
them
away
before
they
could
make
a
full
end
.
It
is
reported
that
there
have
beene
but
three
pictures
which
were
absolutely
inscribed
,
Apelles
hath
made
it
:
whereby
it
did
appeare
that
the
author
would
have
the
Art
above
all
things
secured
:
and
for
this
reason
were
all
such
workes
subject
to
a
great
deale
of
envie
.
Plinie
,
It
is
a
very
rare
and
most
memorable
thing
,
that
the
last
workes
of
Artificers
and
their
unperfect
pictures
have
been
in
greater
admiration
then
the
perfect
;
as
namely
,
seeing
there
are
in
such
kinde
of
Pictures
to
be
seene
the
remaining
lineaments
and
the
very
thoughts
of
the
Artificers
:
so
doth
our
griefe
also
commend
the
worke
unto
us
,
whilest
we
cannot
but
love
and
desire
the
hands
which
perished
in
the
midst
of
such
a
worke
.
But
Art
on
the
other
side
doth
laugh
them
to
scorn
that
are
so
contumelious
against
her
,
Quintilian
lib.
X
,
cap.
to
please
the
vulgar
sort
of
people
onely
,
is
to
displease
the
wiser
sort
:
I
did
aske
a
most
skilfull
man
concerning
the
different
ages
and
times
of
diverse
pictures
,
as
also
concerning
some
other
arguments
obscure
unto
me
,
examining
withall
the
causes
of
our
present
sloathfulnes
,
by
the
which
so
many
brave
Arts
are
utterly
lost
,
and
how
it
came
to
passe
that
the
art
of
painting
among
such
a
number
of
decayed
Arts
had
not
retained
so
much
as
the
least
shadow
of
her
ancient
beautie
.
His
answer
was
,
that
the
love
of
money
made
this
change
.
For
in
old
time
,
when
naked
vertue
was
yet
in
esteem
,
sayd
he
,
all
kinde
of
ingenuous
arts
did
flourish
;
and
the
greatest
strife
amongst
men
was
,
that
nothing
might
be
long
hid
what
might
be
for
the
profit
of
posteritie
.
To
speake
then
something
of
Statuaries
,
povertie
hath
undone
whilest
he
did
hang
about
the
lineaments
of
one
statue
;
and
who
did
in
a
manner
enclose
the
soules
of
men
and
wilde
beasts
in
brasse
,
could
finde
no
heire
.
But
we
now
,
lying
deepely
plunged
in
drunkennesse
and
lechery
,
dare
not
so
much
as
try
any
arts
:
and
taking
upon
us
to
be
accusers
,
rather
than
followers
of
antiquity
,
we
teach
and
learne
nothing
else
but
vices
.
Doe
not
wonder
therefore
that
picture
is
lost
,
seeing
all
the
gods
and
men
think
a
lumpe
of
gold
better
than
all
that
a
couple
of
doting
Grecians
have
made
.
Theocr.
Idyl
.
xvi
.
Plin.
in
prooemio
lib.
xiv
.
Dionys
.
Longinus
de
sublimi
Orat
.
§
ultimâ
.
There
is
nothing
so
deadly
to
the
wit
of
man
as
luxurie
.
Arriani
Epict
.
li.
iv
.
c.
The
desire
of
riches
maketh
men
base
minded
.
Gold
and
silver
was
in
old
time
mixed
with
brasse
,
Li.
xxxiv
.
Nat.
hist.
c.
and
yet
was
the
art
more
costly
than
the
materiall
.
Now
on
the
contrary
,
it
is
uncertaine
whether
the
art
or
the
materiall
bee
worse
:
And
which
is
very
strange
,
though
the
value
of
rare
workes
is
infinitely
encreased
,
yet
is
the
authoritie
of
the
art
quite
gone
:
seeing
all
is
now
done
for
gaine
,
what
was
wont
to
be
done
for
glory
.
It
is
knowne
well
enough
that
the
studies
of
Arts
are
to
be
nourished
and
maintained
with
reasonable
rewards
.
Theophylactus
Simocatus
The
hunger
and
thirst
of
gold
in
mankinde
,
is
very
profitable
;
for
thereby
our
life
is
furnished
with
good
arts
,
cities
are
inhabited
,
and
mutuall
contracts
are
performed
with
a
great
deale
of
ease
.
To
be
briefe
,
the
inhabited
world
should
be
deprived
of
all
decencie
of
order
,
if
for
the
intercourse
of
gold
men
stood
not
in
need
of
one
the
other
.
A
mariner
would
not
put
to
sea
,
a
traveller
would
not
undertake
a
journey
,
husbandmen
would
not
be
troubled
with
the
keeping
of
plow-oxen
,
the
soveraignty
of
Royall
scepters
should
want
respect
,
the
subjects
could
not
be
honoured
with
dignities
and
revenues
,
it
should
not
be
in
the
power
of
a
General
to
lead
an
Army
.
And
if
you
will
learne
a
great
secret
,
Gold
is
put
in
trust
with
the
reines
of
vertue
and
vice
;
the
appetite
of
our
soule
is
tried
by
it
,
seeing
it
may
very
well
be
compared
with
the
Celtick
River
,
in
that
it
yeeldeth
an
unfallible
proofe
of
counterfeit
vertue
.
Lib.
xxxiv
.
cap.
Afterwards
by
boldnesse
hee
did
first
enter
into
the
gates
opened
by
Lib.
xxxiiii
cap.
and
brought
the
pencill
,
after
it
durst
now
doe
something
,
to
a
great
glory
.
Zeuxis
.
Dinocrates
Laërt
.
lib.
iv
,
in
Polemone
.
Pliny
,
lib.
xxxv
.
cap.
we
on
the
contrary
,
as
if
now
all
were
perfect
dare
not
bring
forth
any
thing
,
yea
we
suffer
also
many
things
invented
by
the
Antients
to
decay
.
a
certaine
kinde
of
feare
Li.
xii
.
orat
.
Instit.
ca.
drawing
backe
our
minde
from
those
things
that
are
to
be
done
;
whereupon
followeth
most
commonly
confusion
,
and
loathing
of
what
we
have
already
begun
:
so
that
no
body
doubteth
to
referre
that
passion
among
the
number
of
vices
,
that
maketh
us
ashamed
of
doing
well
.
I
am
almost
loth
to
say
it
,
because
it
may
be
mistaken
,
that
shame
fastnesse
is
a
vice
,
but
a
lovely
one
,
yea
such
a
one
as
doth
most
easily
ingender
vertues
:
shee
doth
in
the
mean
time
great
hurt
,
causing
all
that
is
good
in
our
wits
and
studies
,
for
want
of
publishing
,
to
be
consumed
by
the
rust
of
too
much
secrecie
.
Howsoeuer
,
confidence
is
the
best
way
to
amend
this
shamefastnesse
:
and
though
a
man
bee
nevr
so
shamefaced
,
yet
may
he
support
himselfe
by
the
helpe
of
a
good
conscience
,
if
he
be
but
privy
unto
himselfe
that
hee
wanteth
no
art
.
Whosoever
doth
affect
smooth
things
wanteth
sinewes
and
spirit
for
the
most
part
.
Hee
that
professeth
great
things
is
very
often
puffed
up
.
He
that
wil
bee
too
secure
,
and
standeth
alwayes
in
feare
of
a
storme
,
useth
to
creepe
along
the
shore
.
The
very
shunning
of
vice
,
when
it
wanteth
art
,
leadeth
us
unto
vice
.
As
in
a
most
pleasing
banquet
,
a
confused
harmony
,
grosse
ointments
,
and
Poppy
with
honey
of
Sardus
do
offend
us
,
because
the
feast
might
be
very
well
without
them
;
so
is
it
with
Poëmes
,
which
being
invented
to
delight
and
recreate
the
mind
,
are
esteemed
most
base
if
they
doe
but
swarve
a
little
aside
from
that
height
of
grace
they
should
have
.
Max.
Tyrius
seeing
wee
are
to
shun
the
name
of
impudence
not
by
shewing
our selves
to
he
ashamed
,
but
by
not
doing
those
things
we
may
bee
iustly
ashamed
of
.
as
not
to
lay
over-hastily
aside
all
shame
,
and
to
publish
our
raw
and
unripe
studies
,
Li.
xii
.
orat
.
Instit.
cap.
for
by
thus
doing
,
there
is
ingendred
in
us
a
contempt
of
the
worke
,
wee
doe
lay
the
grounds
of
impudence
,
and
(
which
is
every
where
most
pernicious
)
a
foole-hardy
confidence
preventeth
our
strength
.
Neither
ought
we
to
delay
our
first
triall
till
wee
wax
old
,
for
feare
encreaseth
daily
,
and
what
we
are
to
attempt
seemeth
stil
to
grow
harder
and
more
difficult
,
and
it
groweth
too
late
to
beginne
,
whilest
we
lose
time
in
deliberating
when
to
begin
.
It
behooveth
us
therefore
to
bring
forth
the
greene
and
sweet-fruit
of
our
studies
,
whilest
pardon
,
hope
,
and
favour
readily
attend
us
:
neither
doth
it
mis-become
us
to
attempt
something
boldly
,
seeing
age
may
supply
what
there
is
wanting
in
the
work
;
and
if
any
thing
seemeth
to
be
painted
somwhat
youthfully
,
it
is
esteemed
to
proceed
out
of
a
promising
forwardnesse
of
our
naturall
inclination
.
A
youth
therefore
in
my
opinion
,
that
doth
as
yet
rely
upon
his
tender
strength
,
is
to
begin
with
an
easie
and
pleasing
argument
,
even
as
dog-whelps
are
fleshed
with
a
more
gentle
prey
of
wilde
beasts
:
neither
is
he
from
this
beginning
to
continue
his
labour
and
to
harden
his
wit
,
which
is
rather
to
be
cherished
.
So
shall
be
best
overcome
the
feare
of
beginning
,
whilest
it
is
easier
for
him
to
adventure
;
and
yet
shall
this
facilitie
of
daring
not
bring
him
to
a
contempt
of
the
worke
.
Fabius
Maximus
Apud
Livium
lib.
ab
v.
c.
All
things
shall
bee
sure
and
cleare
unto
him
that
doth
not
make
too
much
haste
:
rashnesse
is
improvident
and
blinde
.
An
artificer
therefore
cannot
be
without
diligence
,
a
great
help
of
a
mean
wit
also
,
advancement
doth
most
of
all
consist
in
diligence
,
when
hee
was
about
the
picture
of
is
said
to
have
lived
by
moistned
lupines
,
as
being
able
to
satisfie
hunger
and
thirst
both
at
once
;
lest
he
should
dull
his
sences
too
much
with
the
sweetnesse
of
meat
.
He
laid
his
colours
foure
times
over
this
picture
,
for
a
defence
against
all
injuries
and
age
;
that
the
lowermost
colour
might
succeed
when
the
uppermost
should
faile
.
had
this
custome
that
hee
never
would
suffer
himselfe
to
be
so
much
imployed
a
whole
day
,
but
that
he
remembred
ever
to
exercise
the
art
by
drawing
of
a
line
:
and
this
custome
of
his
became
a
common
proverbe
.
It
is
pretty
,
what
fell
out
between
did
live
at
whither
when
was
come
,
desirous
to
know
the
workes
of
him
whom
he
knew
onely
by
fame
,
he
made
haste
to
goe
to
his
shop
.
himselfe
was
absent
,
but
an
old
woman
kept
a
large
boord
,
alreadie
fitted
upon
the
Asse
or
scaffold
,
to
have
something
drawne
upon
it
.
The
old
woman
having
answered
,
that
was
gone
forth
,
asked
withall
,
whom
shee
should
say
had
looked
for
him
.
Tell
him
,
said
that
this
is
the
man
that
sought
him
:
and
taking
a
pencill
,
hee
drew
an
exceeding
thinne
line
with
one
or
other
colour
upon
the
boord
.
The
old
woman
at
his
returne
shewed
him
instantly
what
was
done
.
And
it
is
reported
that
the
artificer
,
having
considered
the
finenesse
of
the
line
,
did
forthwith
professe
himselfe
to
know
that
was
come
;
seeing
hee
held
it
impossible
that
such
an
absolute
work
should
be
done
by
any
body
else
.
It
is
added
also
,
that
drew
a
thinner
line
with
another
colour
over
the
said
line
,
bidding
the
old
woman
at
his
going
forth
,
that
she
should
shew
this
unto
him
that
had
asked
for
him
and
tell
him
that
this
was
the
man
he
did
looke
for
.
It
fellout
so
.
returneth
:
but
being
ashamed
to
be
overcome
,
he
divided
the
lines
with
a
third
colour
,
not
leaving
an
further
place
for
subtiltie
.
Whereupon
confessing
himselfe
overcome
,
did
hastily
runne
to
the
haven
,
seeking
the
stranger
:
this
same
boord
was
left
unto
the
following
ages
without
any
change
,
to
the
astonishment
of
all
men
,
but
of
Artificers
chiefly
.
Wee
have
greedily
viewed
it
before
the
first
firing
of
his
house
in
the
pallace
,
where
it
perished
,
containing
in
a
more
spacious
widenesse
nothing
else
,
but
such
lines
as
could
hardly
be
discerned
by
the
eye
:
so
that
this
boord
among
the
brave
works
of
many
Artificers
did
seeme
to
be
emptie
,
alluring
the
spectators
therefore
and
being
indeed
more
noble
then
any
other
worke
.
Such
things
as
doe
grow
up
without
any
foundation
,
are
subject
unto
ruine
Such
as
make
great
haste
must
needs
thinke
slightly
of
every
thing
that
is
to
be
done
before
they
come
to
what
is
last
.
the
tops
of
high
buildings
are
noted
,
the
foundations
are
hid
,
These
are
they
that
doe
small
things
with
a
great
deale
of
ease
,
Lib.
I.
orat
.
instit
.
cap.
and
being
thus
emboldened
,
they
shew
instantly
whatsoever
they
know
themselves
able
to
doe
;
though
they
can
doe
nothing
,
but
what
is
neere
at
hand
:
they
doe
not
much
,
but
quickly
:
there
wanteth
true
force
in
their
worke
,
seeing
it
hath
not
taken
a
deepe
root
;
even
as
seeds
cast
upon
the
upper
most
ground
doe
spring
up
more
readily
,
and
like
blasted
eares
of
corne
make
a
shew
of
ripenesse
before
harvest
.
These
things
compared
with
their
yeares
,
are
pleasing
at
the
first
;
but
the
advancement
afterwards
being
at
a
stay
,
the
admiration
also
doth
decrease
.
Studies
have
also
their
infancie
Lib.
I.
orat
.
instit
.
cap.
as
it
is
impossible
to
attaine
to
the
height
of
any
thing
,
but
by
some
beginnings
;
so
doe
the
first
things
,
when
the
worke
goeth
on
,
seeme
to
be
the
least
,
the
height
of
all
Arts
,
as
of
trees
,
delighteth
us
very
much
;
so
do
not
the
roots
:
and
yet
can
there
be
no
height
without
the
roots
,
unexperienced
children
doe
first
apprehend
the
figure
and
name
of
letters
,
their
use
is
afterwards
taught
them
by
the
making
up
of
syllables
;
words
follow
;
the
force
of
things
and
the
use
of
Art
doth
lastly
arise
out
of
them
:
it
maketh
much
for
our
maine
end
to
have
learned
the
first
rudiments
in
order
:
yea
the
preposterous
labour
of
over-hastened
precepts
shall
come
to
nothing
,
unlesse
learning
be
grounded
upon
his
proper
elements
.
for
who
is
there
among
many
thousands
that
confessing
himselfe
inferiour
giveth
place
to
the
age
or
authoritie
of
a
better
Master
?
they
are
wise
at
one
instant
;
they
are
forthwith
filled
with
all
knowledge
;
they
stand
in
awe
of
no
bodie
;
they
imitate
no
bodie
;
they
need
not
take
example
by
any
bodie
,
seeing
they
are
an
example
unto
themselves
.
there
was
never
any
brave
thing
brought
to
passe
by
negligence
,
Max.
Tyrius
as
Nature
will
not
have
us
sweat
for
small
things
,
so
doth
shee
not
reward
our
sloathfulnesse
with
great
matters
.
they
doe
like
very
well
of
the
course
alreadie
taken
,
neither
is
it
easie
to
divert
them
from
the
perswasions
drunk
in
whilest
they
were
children
;
because
every
one
thinketh
it
better
to
have
learned
alreadie
,
then
to
learne
.
the
Painter
did
vaunt
himselfe
in
the
presence
of
for
making
all
manner
of
pictures
most
speedily
and
easily
;
But
I
,
answered
am
a
good
while
about
it
:
for
as
this
nimblenesse
and
quicknesse
of
hand
doth
not
leave
in
the
worke
any
durable
weight
of
Art
or
accuratnesse
of
beautie
;
so
doth
the
time
bestowed
upon
the
making
render
a
certaine
force
tending
to
the
preservation
of
the
work
.
Themistius
Phidias
,
although
was
skilfull
enough
to
make
in
gold
and
in
ivorie
the
true
shape
of
God
or
man
,
yet
did
he
require
sufficient
time
and
leisure
to
the
work
:
so
is
he
also
reported
to
have
spent
much
time
about
the
pantoffle
of
the
Goddesse
when
a
foolish
Painter
shewed
him
a
picture
which
he
did
boast
to
have
made
up
suddenly
;
I
see
it
well
enough
,
sayd
and
wonder
very
much
why
you
did
paint
no
more
such
pictures
in
that
space
of
time
:
Plutarch
de
Educandis
liberis
lib.
I
,
cap.
All
Arts
gaine
very
much
by
a
continuall
practise
and
daily
exercise
,
De
Re
milit.
lib.
for
it
is
impossible
that
any
one
should
apprehend
so
many
different
and
profound
things
,
Quintilian
,
unlesse
upon
knowledge
there
follow
meditation
,
upon
meditation
abilitie
,
upon
abilitie
force
:
and
it
is
gathered
out
of
these
things
that
there
is
but
one
and
the
same
way
of
conceiving
what
we
are
to
expresse
,
and
expressing
what
we
have
conceived
.
and
use
without
doctrine
(
if
you
doe
part
them
)
is
likely
to
doe
more
,
then
doctrine
without
use
,
Quintilian
lib.
Art
is
nothing
without
exercise
,
neither
that
exercise
is
any
thing
without
Art
.
What
use
is
there
of
his
Art
,
if
he
doe
not
applie
it
to
ivorie
and
gold
?
Max.
Tyrius
It
profiteth
very
little
Progymn
.
cap.
that
such
as
meane
to
paint
should
consider
the
workes
of
unlesse
they
themselves
also
fall
to
worke
.
Quintil.
lib.
Quint.
lib.
cap.
ultimo
Quintil.
lib.
Whatsoever
is
perfect
in
his
owne
kinde
,
is
well
enough
other
vices
are
loathed
,
but
this
desired
.
There
are
some
that
never
do
content
themselves
,
they
will
change
every
thing
,
and
make
it
otherwise
than
it
was
conceived
at
the
first
.
Others
are
mistrustfull
,
and
do
deserve
very
ill
of
their
owne
wits
;
esteeming
it
diligence
,
to
make
the
worke
harder
unto
themselves
.
Neither
is
it
easie
to
say
,
whether
those
off
end
more
that
love
all
they
doe
,
or
that
love
nothing
.
For
generous
Youths
also
do
very
often
spend
their
spirits
with
too
much
labour
,
and
fal
into
acertaine
kinde
of
dulnesse
by
too
great
a
desire
of
doing
well
.
The
case
standeth
thus
:
We
must
doe
our
best
,
and
yet
according
to
our
abilitie
,
seeing
it
is
study
,
and
not
indignation
that
doth
advance
us
.
Wherefore
if
the
winde
ferveth
,
we
are
to
make
saile
,
and
we
are
sometimes
also
to
follow
our
stirred
passions
,
in
which
heate
doth
for
the
most
part
more
than
diligence
.
Provided
onely
,
That
this
indulgence
doe
not
deceive
us
:
For
it
is
most
naturall
unto
us
,
to
love
every
thing
wee
doe
,
whilest
it
is
a
doing
.
Quin.
lib.
It
were
then
much
better
sooner
to
have
taken
care
,
and
so
to
frame
the
work
at
the
first
beginning
,
that
it
need
trimming
onely
,
without
altering
the
designe
of
the
whole
worke
.
The
first
designes
of
art
Sympos
.
problem
are
grosse
and
imperfect
;
but
every
part
receiveth
afterwards
a
more
particular
perfection
.
Which
caused
to
say
,
That
the
worke
is
then
hardest
when
it
commeth
to
the
naile
.
Apud
.
Agel
.
lib.
noct
.
A
tic
.
cap.
There
belongeth
to
this
worke
To
adde
,
to
detract
,
to
change
.
To
adde
or
detract
,
requireth
lesse
labour
and
iudgement
;
but
to
allay
those
things
that
swell
,
to
raise
those
things
that
sinke
,
to
tie
close
those
things
that
flow
luxuriously
,
to
digest
things
that
are
without
order
,
to
compose
things
that
are
loosed
,
to
restraine
things
that
are
insolent
,
requireth
double
paines
:
for
those
things
are
to
be
condemned
which
did
please
,
and
what
we
thought
not
of
is
to
bee
invented
.
Now
it
is
no
doubt
,
but
that
the
best
way
for
emendation
is
to
lay
by
the
designe
for
a
time
,
till
it
may
seem
unto
us
a
new
or
another
mans
invention
:
lest
our
owne
,
like
new
births
,
please
us
too
much
.
Those
painters
do
very
well
who
looke
upon
their
workes
before
they
accomplish
them
,
after
some
delay
;
seeing
they
do
renew
their
iudgements
,
by
turning
their
eyes
now
and
then
off
from
the
worke
.
For
who
doth
not
know
,
that
all
arts
and
artificers
receiue
the
greatest
benefit
by
use
,
and
that
upon
the
neglect
of
usuall
employments
our
armes
waxe
heavy
in
our
bodies
,
and
our
wits
grow
dull
in
the
Arts
?
From
whence
it
ariseth
also
,
that
a
bow
doth
withstand
our
hand
,
an
Oxe
doth
withstand
the
yoke
,
and
a
horse
doth
withstand
the
bridle
,
when
they
are
late
or
very
seldome
taken
in
hand
.
Festina
lentè
a
magnificent
and
(
to
speake
so
)
a
chaste
style
,
is
neither
stained
nor
puffed
up
,
but
it
waxeth
greater
by
a
naturall
beautie
:
that
windie
and
unmeasurable
babbling
was
not
long
since
brought
to
out
of
and
having
blasted
the
hopefull
spirits
of
young
men
as
with
a
pestilent
starre
,
the
rule
of
eloquence
being
once
corrupted
was
strooke
dumbe
;
yea
there
did
not
so
much
as
one
Poëme
appeare
of
a
wholesome
colour
;
nothing
could
attaine
to
maturitie
of
age
,
seeing
all
Arts
were
fed
as
it
were
with
the
same
meat
.
Picture
also
had
no
better
end
,
after
the
boldnesse
of
the
Aegyptians
found
out
a
compendious
way
to
so
great
an
Art
.
Cloathes
are
also
painted
in
Sub
finem
copitis
undecimi
after
a
rare
and
strange
way
:
they
take
white
vailes
,
and
having
rubbed
and
chafed
them
very
much
,
they
besmeare
them
,
not
with
colours
,
but
with
some
juyces
apt
to
drinke
colours
:
which
appeareth
not
in
the
vailes
after
it
is
done
:
but
being
dipped
in
a
vatte
of
seething
dye
,
they
are
after
a
little
while
taken
forth
all
painted
.
The
wonder
is
,
that
though
there
is
but
one
colour
in
the
cauldron
,
there
are
diverse
made
out
of
it
in
the
cloathe
,
the
colour
altering
according
to
the
qualitie
of
the
juyce
that
receiveth
it
:
neither
can
it
be
washed
out
afterwards
:
so
the
cauldron
,
which
should
questionlesse
confound
the
colours
,
if
it
did
receive
them
painted
,
doth
digest
them
out
of
one
colour
,
and
painteth
the
vaile
whilest
it
is
a
boiling
:
and
the
singed
cloathes
are
stronger
,
then
if
they
were
not
boiled
at
all
Philoxenus
Eretrius
having
followed
the
swiftnesse
of
his
Master
,
did
invent
certaine
shorter
and
more
compendious
wayes
of
painting
.
I
have
often
heard
Apud
Livium
lib.
ab
v.
c.
that
he
is
the
best
man
,
that
can
advise
himselfe
what
is
fit
to
be
done
;
and
that
he
is
in
the
next
ranke
of
goodnesse
,
that
is
content
to
receive
good
advice
;
but
that
on
the
contrarie
side
,
whosoever
can
neither
advise
himselfe
,
nor
will
be
directed
by
the
advice
of
others
,
is
of
a
very
ill
nature
.
I
am
of
opinion
De
Tranquanimi
,
cap.
that
many
should
have
attained
unto
wisedome
,
if
they
had
not
conceived
themselves
to
be
wise
alreadie
:
Arriani
Epict.
lib.
No
man
is
able
to
passe
through
the
secrets
of
Art
,
unlesse
he
first
overcome
the
pompe
of
vaine
glorie
:
seeing
the
appetite
of
an
idle
praise
doth
never
search
out
the
truth
,
but
taketh
all
to
it selfe
whatsoever
is
offered
by
way
of
flattery
.
Contrition
extinguisheth
all
manner
of
presumption
:
and
for
this
reason
is
the
Goddesse
of
wisedome
called
because
all
contrition
breedeth
wisdome
Painters
,
and
such
as
make
statues
,
yea
Poëts
also
de
Off.
will
have
their
worke
considered
of
the
multitude
;
to
the
end
it
might
he
mended
,
in
what
they
see
reprehended
by
many
:
they
search
therefore
most
diligently
by
themselves
and
with
others
what
faults
there
are
committed
in
the
worke
.
nothing
can
satisfie
my
care
I
thinke
still
how
great
a
matter
it
is
to
publish
any
thing
:
neither
can
I
perswade
my selfe
otherwise
,
but
that
we
are
to
peruse
often
and
with
many
,
what
wee
wish
might
please
all
men
and
alwayes
.
A
naughtie
shame
doth
conceale
the
unhealed
soares
of
fooles
:
every
vice
is
nurtured
and
quickened
by
hiding
of
it
,
there
is
exceeding
great
wisdome
in
a
confessed
ignorance
,
Minutius
Felix
M.
Porcius
Cato
Apud
.
Livium
li.
ab
v.
c.
Such
as
are
ashamed
without
cause
,
shall
not
be
ashamed
when
there
is
cause
.
I
know
not
how
every
man
maketh
very
much
of
his
owne
doings
.
So
it
is
:
you
love
your
owne
,
and
I
love
mine
,
Tullie
lib.
Tusc.
quaest.
Wee
looke
upon
domesticke
things
after
a
familiar
manner
,
De
Tranquanimi
,
cap.
and
favour
doth
then
most
of
all
hinder
our
judgement
:
neither
may
you
thinke
otherwise
,
but
that
wee
are
sooner
overthrowne
by
our
owne
flattery
,
then
by
the
flattery
of
Lysippus
.
Praxiteles
Plinie
lib.
It
is
reported
when
he
made
for
the
and
shewed
it
the
first
time
,
stood
behinde
the
doore
listening
what
was
commended
and
discommended
in
his
worke
:
one
found
fault
with
the
grossenesse
of
the
nose
:
another
with
the
length
of
the
face
:
a
third
had
something
else
to
say
:
and
when
all
the
spectators
were
gone
,
he
retired
himselfe
againe
to
mend
the
worke
according
to
what
was
liked
by
the
greater
part
:
for
he
did
not
thinke
the
advice
of
such
a
multitude
to
be
a
small
matter
,
esteeming
that
so
many
saw
many
things
better
then
he
alone
;
though
he
could
not
but
remember
himselfe
to
be
it
is
a
most
idle
thing
,
var.
hist.
cap.
to
exspect
great
matters
from
an
assembly
of
those
,
whom
we
contemne
one
by
one
as
handy-crafts-men
and
barbarians
.
Polycletus
,
Aelianus
var.
hist.
lib.
had
made
any
workes
he
exposeth
them
in
a
place
,
where
all
that
passed
by
might
see
them
:
hiding
himselfe
in
the
meane
time
behinde
the
picture
,
to
hearken
what
faults
were
noted
in
his
worke
;
preferring
the
common
people
,
a
most
diligent
Judge
,
before
his
owne
judgement
:
and
he
is
reported
to
have
mended
his
worke
upon
the
censure
of
a
Shoo-maker
,
who
blamed
the
Artificer
for
having
made
fewer
latchets
in
the
inside
of
one
of
the
pantoffles
then
of
the
other
.
The
Shoo-maker
finding
the
worke
the
next
day
mended
according
to
his
advertisement
,
grew
proud
and
began
to
find
fault
with
the
legge
also
.
Whereupon
could
not
containe
himselfe
any
longer
,
but
looking
forth
from
behinde
the
picture
,
bid
the
Shoo-maker
not
meddle
beyond
the
pantoffle
:
which
saying
of
his
became
afterwards
a
Proverbe
.
it
is
not
to
be
doubted
,
but
that
the
world
not
yet
decayed
brought
forth
better
things
,
and
that
men
were
then
high-spirited
,
as
being
a
fresh
of-spring
of
the
Gods
.
Sidonius
Apollinaris
the
governour
of
times
seemeth
to
have
bestowed
the
vertues
of
Arts
most
of
all
upon
the
ancient
generations
;
which
now
having
spent
their
pith
and
marrow
by
the
age
of
a
decaying
world
,
bring
forth
very
little
that
may
be
esteemed
admirable
and
memorable
,
and
that
in
some
few
onely
.
wee
make
bold
ab
v.
c.
to
maintaine
a
pious
strife
with
our
ancestors
about
every
good
Art
and
vertue
.
I
am
one
of
them
that
doe
admire
the
ancients
,
and
yet
can
I
not
finde
in
my
heart
to
despise
the
wits
of
our
age
,
as
some
use
to
doe
:
for
Nature
is
not
so
much
wearied
and
worne
out
,
that
shee
should
now
bring
forth
no
praise-worthy
thing
Tacitus
lib.
Annal.
cap.
Lactantius
de
Orig.
erroris
,
cap.
That
a
good
Phisician
must
be
a
Philosopher
also
.
There
is
a
malicious
humour
in
mankinde
,
by
which
wee
doe
alwayes
praise
things
past
,
and
loath
things
present
.
Paterculus
Naturally
we
had
rather
praise
things
heard
of
,
then
seene
.
Wee
entertaine
things
present
,
with
envie
;
things
absent
,
with
veneration
:
seeing
we
doe
thinke
our selves
overwhelmed
by
the
one
,
and
instructed
by
the
other
.
Surely
,
so
it
is
Arts
were
overthrowne
by
idlenesse
:
and
because
there
are
no
images
of
our
mindes
,
the
images
of
our
bodies
are
also
neglected
.
Peace
is
a
gracefull
mother
of
good
Arts
,
Variarum
,
lib.
Augustus
;
these
times
were
most
not
able
,
seeing
weapons
ceased
,
and
wits
flourished
in
them
:
least
all
manner
of
vertuous
workes
should
languish
,
the
exercise
of
warre
being
intermitted
.
Beleeve
me
de
Ponto
,
Eleg.
Providence
doth
first
of
all
for
sake
wretched
men
;
and
their
means
failing
them
,
they
remaine
without
any
feeling
or
counsell
.
the
strife
of
a
vertuous
contention
,
and
the
earnest
desire
of
glorie
,
Annal.
cap.
are
passions
incident
onely
to
such
men
as
live
in
prosperitie
.
Diodorus
Siculus
Xerxes
his
expedition
into
Greece
by
reason
of
the
wonderfull
greatnesse
of
his
forces
,
did
mightily
terrifie
the
who
did
thinke
themselves
of
nothing
so
sure
as
of
an
utter
ruine
and
a
most
miserable
slaverie
.
But
when
,
beyond
the
exspectation
of
all
men
,
there
was
made
a
fortunate
end
of
the
warre
,
the
Greeke
Nation
being
free'd
from
such
a
danger
,
obtained
great
glorie
:
yea
every
one
of
their
Citie
,
grew
so
wealthy
and
rich
,
that
all
the
world
did
wonder
at
such
a
sudden
change
of
fortune
:
for
Greece
did
for
some
fiftie
yeares
after
that
time
prosper
so
much
,
that
in
those
times
all
good
Arts
were
very
much
advanced
by
reason
of
such
plentie
of
riches
;
and
many
most
famous
Artificers
;
among
whom
was
one
,
did
augment
the
glorious
esteeme
of
those
times
.
All
manner
of
disciplines
were
renewed
under
the
seventh
King
of
who
was
by
the
inhabitants
of
truely
and
aptly
called
for
he
,
having
cut
the
throats
of
many
inhabitants
of
and
having
banished
a
number
of
them
that
were
bred
with
his
brother
,
filled
all
the
Cities
and
Iles
with
Grammarians
,
Philosophers
,
Geometricians
,
Musicians
,
Painters
,
Schoolmasters
,
Physicians
,
and
all
other
kinde
of
Artificers
.
These
,
to
supply
their
wants
,
taught
what
they
knew
,
and
made
many
famous
and
excellent
men
.
The
time
wherein
every
mans
vertue
sheweth
it selfe
,
is
very
materiall
,
nat.
hist.
cap.
For
no
man
hath
so
excellent
a
wit
as
to
make
himselfe
immediately
knowne
,
unlesse
he
meeteth
with
matter
,
occasion
,
and
afvourable
commender
,
Plin.
lib.
We
doe
not
judge
of
Statuaries
,
making
a
conjecture
of
them
by
their
owne
words
;
but
we
beleeve
that
he
shall
make
the
rest
well
,
who
formerly
hath
shewed
his
skill
in
some
other
workes
of
that
nature
.
Corn.
Celsus
No
body
will
have
his
Picture
drawne
,
but
by
an
Artificer
that
is
approoved
of
by
good
experiments
.
Though
Artificers
make
promise
and
vaunt
of
their
skill
,
if
they
have
not
store
of
money
,
if
they
be
not
known
by
the
ancient
renowne
of
their
shoppes
,
if
they
want
popular
favour
and
eloquence
,
the
industry
of
their
studies
cannot
gaine
them
so
much
authoritie
as
to
make
them
be
beleeved
to
know
what
they
professe
to
know
.
Wee
finde
this
most
of
all
in
ancient
Statuaries
and
Painters
;
seeing
the
memory
of
none
of
them
could
be
durable
,
but
of
such
as
were
graced
by
commendation
,
and
shewed
some
outward
markes
of
dignitie
.
This
was
the
case
of
and
of
others
that
gained
a
noble
fame
by
means
of
their
Art
;
seeing
they
got
this
credit
by
working
for
Kings
,
great
Cities
,
and
noble
Citizens
.
Others
on
the
contrarie
which
had
no
lesse
industrie
,
wit
,
and
subtiltie
,
got
no
name
at
all
,
because
they
wrought
for
ignoble
and
meane
Citizens
;
and
it
was
rather
want
of
Fortune
,
then
want
of
skill
that
did
suppresse
and
obscure
their
fame
:
such
were
and
many
more
.
Some
Painters
also
wanted
Fortune
,
as
and
others
,
in
whom
there
wanted
neither
industrie
,
studie
,
nor
cunning
;
but
their
owne
povertie
,
and
their
bad
fortune
,
that
made
them
yeeld
unto
their
competitors
in
a
partially
censured
concertation
,
did
hinder
their
dignitie
.
Plinie
Telephanes
Phocaeus
The
fame
of
diverse
Artificers
is
somewhat
obscure
,
and
the
great
number
of
so
many
rare
workmen
doth
very
often
hinder
the
renown
of
the
most
excellent
workes
of
some
;
seeing
one
alone
cannot
engrosse
all
the
glorie
,
and
so
many
cannot
be
named
all
at
once
.
The
vulgar
sort
of
men
doth
most
commonly
judge
many
things
according
to
a
fore-conceived
opinion
,
&
not
according
to
truth
:
Aelianus
var.
hist.
lib.
Zeuxis
,
Polycletus
Maximus
Tyrius
Dissertat
The
selfe-same
passion
of
our
sense
,
Sympos
.
probl
.
lib.
doth
not
alike
moove
our
minde
,
when
it
is
not
accompanied
with
an
opinion
that
the
worke
is
well
and
studiously
performed
.
HAving
considered
alreadie
how
Phantasie
did
help
and
stirre
up
our
first
desire
of
imitating
all
manner
of
things
,
and
how
many
other
causes
did
mightily
cherish
and
advance
the
sayd
eagernesse
of
our
forward
natures
,
it
followeth
that
wee
should
last
of
all
propound
how
this
same
inclination
rightly
inflamed
and
ordered
did
attain
to
the
height
of
a
perfect
and
accomplished
Art
.
The
ancients
observed
in
Picture
these
five
principall
points
.
Invention
,
or
Historicall
argument
.
Proportion
,
or
Symmetrie
.
Colour
,
and
therein
Light
and
Shadow
,
as
also
Brightnesse
and
Darknesse
.
Motion
or
Life
,
and
therein
Action
and
Passion
.
Disposition
,
or
an
Oeconomicall
placing
and
ordering
of
the
whole
worke
.
The
foure
first
were
carefully
observed
in
all
sorts
of
Pictures
,
whether
they
did
consist
of
one
figure
,
or
of
many
.
Disposition
alone
was
observed
in
Pictures
that
had
many
figures
:
seeing
a
piece
wherein
there
doe
meete
many
and
severall
figures
shall
be
nothing
else
but
a
kinde
of
mingle-mangle
or
a
darksome
and
dead
confusion
of
disagreeing
things
,
unlesse
they
receive
light
and
life
by
a
convenient
and
orderly
disposition
.
Yet
did
not
the
ancients
think
that
the
perfection
of
Art
consisted
in
a
meete
observing
of
these
five
points
,
except
the
whole
worke
did
breath
forth
a
certaine
kinde
of
Grace
proceeding
out
of
a
decent
comelinesse
of
every
point
by
itself
,
and
out
of
a
mutuall
accord
of
all
five
.
Wherefore
wee
could
not
but
enter
a
little
into
the
consideration
of
this
same
Grace
:
the
rather
because
without
a
full
understanding
of
this
Grace
,
it
is
impossible
that
any
man
should
examine
the
true
force
and
value
of
these
most
fertile
Arts
aright
.
no
man
,
though
he
hath
all
his
colours
at
hand
,
can
make
a
similitude
,
unlesse
he
be
resolved
what
to
paint
.
must
,
according
to
the
opinion
of
be
dyed
with
the
dye
of
sense
,
The
picture
of
compleat
harnesse
though
it
be
delightfull
,
yet
is
it
altogether
unprofitable
.
Ausonius
a
painted
fogge
delighteth
us
no
longer
then
it
is
seene
.
The
thoughts
of
our
minde
can
conceive
the
images
of
any
thing
,
de
Nat.
Deorum
Our
thought
can
conceive
any
Country
Auctor
Rhet.
ad
Herentium
,
lib.
and
fashion
in
it
such
a
situation
of
place
as
may
best
agree
with
our
liking
.
Maximus
Tyrius
Max.
Tyrius
Dissert
Nothing
is
so
fertile
as
those
wits
that
are
furnished
with
all
manner
of
disciplines
.
Whosoever
weigheth
his
burden
can
carry
it
.
Plinie
Tullie
.
We
are
to
choose
such
things
,
as
are
most
excellent
for
their
greatnesse
,
chiefest
for
their
noveltie
,
singular
in
their
owne
kinde
:
seeing
small
,
usuall
,
and
vulgar
things
,
doe
not
deserve
any
admiration
or
praise
.
it
is
certaine
that
vertue
tempereth
her
courage
according
to
the
measure
of
the
businesse
in
hand
:
shee
is
in
small
things
so
remisse
and
slacke
,
that
shee
doth
hardly
avoide
the
opinion
of
securitie
:
shee
straineth
her selfe
somewhat
more
in
things
indifferently
great
:
but
when
there
are
offered
things
that
are
great
indeed
,
shee
raiseth
her selfe
to
the
height
of
the
work
in
hand
,
Nazarius
Panegyr
.
Constantino
Aug.
dicto
.
It
goeth
with
Art
as
with
the
flame
;
which
is
maintained
with
good
store
of
fewell
,
it
is
increased
with
stirring
,
and
it
waxeth
cleerer
with
burning
.
The
greatnesse
of
things
addeth
force
to
our
wit
,
neither
can
any
man
make
a
famous
and
excellent
worke
,
except
he
doe
finde
stuffe
answerable
to
the
worke
intended
.
Aristoteles
to
paint
the
deeds
of
the
Great
,
by
reason
of
the
eternitie
of
things
,
Lysippus
also
made
the
great
in
many
workes
;
beginning
from
his
childhood
,
Pompey
the
great
Natur.
hist.
lib.
erected
among
the
ornaments
of
his
Theater
such
images
as
were
of
an
admirable
fame
,
and
for
this
reason
have
the
wits
of
great
Artificers
bestowed
more
labour
upon
them
:
Minerva
;
the
images
of
the
Kings
and
tyrants
of
were
represented
in
them
in
Verrem
neither
did
they
delight
the
spectators
onely
for
the
Art
of
painting
that
was
in
them
,
but
also
for
the
commemoration
of
the
men
,
and
the
remembrance
of
their
countenance
.
Aelian
.
var.
hist.
Aelian
.
var.
hist.
Suidas
.
Schol.
vet.
in
Plutum
Aristophanis
.
You
that
meane
to
imitate
must
not
leap
downe
into
a
narrow
and
straight
place
,
from
whence
shame
or
else
the
condition
of
the
worke
will
not
suffer
you
to
come
forth
againe
.
Whatsoever
doth
superabound
,
issueth
out
of
a
full
brest
.
What
may
be
cured
by
detraction
,
is
ever
neerer
unto
health
What
falleth
out
in
apples
Apud
Agell
.
noct
.
Attic.
the
same
is
also
to
be
perceived
in
wittes
,
which
being
brought
forth
hard
and
sharpe
,
grow
afterwards
ripe
and
pleasing
:
but
such
on
the
contrary
as
instantly
waxe
mellow
and
soft
,
having
at
the
first
some
moistnesse
of
savoury
juyce
,
the
same
afterwards
doe
not
grow
ripe
but
rotten
:
there
is
therefore
something
to
be
left
in
our
wittes
,
which
time
and
age
must
mitigate
:
Seneca
Hippolyto
,
Actu
a
meane
indeed
is
best
neither
doth
any
man
doubt
of
that
:
but
he
who
doth
lesse
then
the
matter
requireth
,
keepeth
the
meane
as
little
as
another
who
doth
more
.
The
one
may
be
sayd
to
have
exceeded
the
matter
,
the
other
on
the
contrary
may
be
sayd
not
to
have
answered
it
to
the
full
:
both
are
too
blame
;
but
the
one
offendeth
of
weaknesse
,
the
other
of
too
much
strength
:
which
though
it
be
no
signe
of
a
more
polished
,
yet
is
it
a
marke
of
a
greater
wit
.
they
embrace
leannesse
in
stead
of
health
;
infirmity
steppeth
in
the
place
of
judgement
,
and
whilest
they
thinke
it
enough
to
be
without
vice
,
they
fall
into
that
same
maine
vice
to
lacke
vertues
.
Li.
xii
.
cap.
Those
that
are
dry
,
raw
boned
,
and
bloudlesse
,
use
to
cloake
their
imbecilitie
by
the
most
contrary
appellation
of
soundnesse
:
and
because
they
cannot
endure
the
cleare
beames
of
a
quicke
light
,
as
of
a
bright
Sunne-shine
,
they
lie
lurking
under
the
shade
of
a
great
name
.
Auctor
dial
.
de
Causis
corr
.
eloqu
.
cap.
as
proceedeth
out
of
the
anxietie
of
our
minde
.
It
is
not
enough
that
a
man
be
not
sicke
;
hee
must
be
strong
,
and
lively
,
and
lusty
.
Yea
,
that
man
draweth
neerest
unto
infirmitie
,
who
hath
no
other
commendation
but
of
his
health
.
The
subtiltie
it selfe
Li.
xii
.
c.
doth
consume
and
bring
to
nought
every
thing
which
is
cut
too
thinne
.
an
extemporall
and
temerary
boldnesse
bringeth
along
with
it
a
singular
delight
,
Auctor
.
dial
.
de
causis
corr
.
eloqu
.
c.
for
in
our
wits
,
as
well
as
in
our
fields
,
though
many
things
are
carefully
planted
and
laboured
,
yet
use
those
things
to
be
more
acceptable
unto
us
which
doe
grow
of
their
owne
accord
.
When
a
man
studieth
to
bring
forth
every
thing
by
speculation
,
de
vit
is
Soph.
in
Aristide
.
his
minde
is
kept
too
much
busie
,
and
turned
aside
from
the
readinesse
of
inventing
.
whatsoever
doth
not
adde
something
to
the
former
,
Li.
vi
.
ca.
seemeth
also
to
detract
by
withdrawing
our
thoughts
from
such
things
as
are
more
considerable
,
The
which
though
it
were
done
with
this
intent
,
that
they
might
ever
make
use
of
what
is
best
,
yet
were
this
same
infelicity
very
much
to
bee
detested
,
by
whose
means
the
speedy
course
of
our
minde
is
pulled
backe
,
and
the
heate
of
our
thoughts
is
quenched
with
lingering
and
mistrustfulnesse
.
Do
you
not
observe
how
brooks
do
most
swiftly
run
from
a
fountaine
▪
whereas
they
do
but
slowly
creepe
from
a
standing
water
?
Whatsoever
is
in
agitation
is
lively
and
quicke
,
Lib.
vii
,
Epist.
whoso
meaneth
to
direct
the
course
of
running
horses
,
lesseneth
it
;
and
whoso
studieth
to
make
equall
paces
hindereth
his
owne
speed
,
Li.
ix
.
ca.
Quint.
x.
how
much
the
more
generous
and
haughty
our
mind
is
,
Li.
i.
ca.
it
is
stirred
by
so
much
the
greater
instruments
:
praise
maketh
it
grow
,
forward
endeavors
adde
an
increase
to
it
,
and
it
loveth
ever
to
busie
it selfe
about
some
great
matter
.
Vide
Didymum
&
Eustath
.
ad
vers
.
Iliad.
9.
It
is
a
signe
of
a
dull
wit
,
to
run
after
little
brookes
,
and
not
to
visit
the
main
fountaines
of
things
,
from
whence
all
is
derived
.
For
when
there
is
any
question
made
about
any
art
or
facultie
,
the
most
absolute
and
perfect
art
is
then
ever
meant
.
Quint.
xii
Pamphilus
,
Apelles
Tzetzes
Chiliad
.
xi
,
hist.
Chil.
viii
,
hist.
Lucian
de
Syriâ
deâ
Chios
:
Bupalus
Aelian
.
lib.
de
Animalib
.
cap.
Pollux
Onomast
.
lib.
Tzetzes
Chiliad
Iconum
lib.
in
Poludib
Whosoever
meaneth
to
doe
any
good
with
Painting
,
must
understand
the
nature
of
man
thoroughly
,
and
know
how
to
expresse
the
markes
of
every
one
,
his
manner
,
guise
,
behaviour
,
in
them
also
that
say
and
doe
nothing
:
he
must
discerne
what
force
there
is
in
the
constitution
of
his
cheekes
,
in
the
temperature
of
his
eyes
,
in
the
casting
of
his
eye-browes
.
To
be
short
,
he
must
observe
all
such
things
as
doe
helpe
a
mans
judgement
.
Whosoever
is
well
furnished
with
such
kinde
of
skill
,
shall
questionlesse
excell
and
have
good
successe
in
all
manner
of
workes
:
he
shall
not
sticke
,
if
need
be
,
to
paint
a
madde
man
,
an
angry
man
,
a
pensive
man
,
a
man
that
skippeth
for
joy
,
a
man
that
goeth
earnestly
about
any
thing
,
a
man
deeply
in
love
:
in
a
word
,
he
shall
resemble
all
what
is
most
fashionable
and
most
proper
for
every
one
.
Every
commotion
of
the
minde
de
Oratore
hath
a
certaine
countenance
of
his
owne
by
nature
.
Philostr
.
lib.
Painters
and
Poëts
,
as
two
naturall
brothers
,
have
agree'd
very
well
in
their
device
,
Latinus
Pacatus
when
they
doe
make
Victorie
with
wings
;
seeing
such
men
as
doe
follow
the
successefull
course
of
prosperous
Fortune
,
seeme
rather
to
flie
,
then
to
runne
.
Theophylactus
Simocatus
the
play
of
is
full
of
all
manner
of
wisdome
I
doe
not
use
to
view
the
statues
and
images
made
by
Art
sleepingly
and
slenderly
,
var.
bist
.
cap.
Let
this
one
among
many
examples
serve
for
proofe
:
that
never
any
would
attribute
unto
the
the
daughters
of
unmeet
and
falsified
shapes
:
neither
was
there
ever
any
Artificer
so
void
of
sense
and
reason
,
as
to
make
them
armed
:
insinuating
that
the
life
of
them
who
addict
themselves
unto
the
must
be
accompanied
with
quietnesse
,
ease
,
and
tranquillitie
.
Noct.
Attic.
lib.
Doe
not
you
know
that
Painters
make
a
winged
God
of
to
signifie
the
inconstant
ficklenesse
of
them
that
are
overcome
by
him
:
Xenophon
lib.
Apomnem
.
Theophyl
.
Simocatus
epist.
Tzetzes
Chiliad
Propertius
lib.
a
thing
full
of
wisedome
Philostr
.
lib.
de
vitâ
Apollonii
,
cap.
Picture
is
ever
most
carefull
of
the
truth
,
Iconum
lib.
in
Narcisso
in
historie
he
doth
not
lesse
seeme
to
deceive
,
Amm.
Marcellinus
who
willingly
and
wittingly
passeth
by
things
done
,
then
he
who
inventeth
things
that
never
were
done
,
Vitruvius
,
Let
picture
be
an
image
,
of
a
thing
that
is
,
or
at
least
can
be
,
&c.
Philostratus
,
those
that
doe
not
paint
things
as
they
fall
out
,
Iconum
lib.
in
Venere
are
not
true
in
their
pictures
.
the
sweating
horses
being
all
overlaid
with
a
thinne
kinde
of
dust
,
Iconum
lib.
in
Amphiarao
did
seeme
lesse
faire
,
but
yet
truer
:
Such
as
doe
paint
faire
and
comely
countenances
,
wherein
there
is
some
small
blemish
,
wee
wish
them
not
to
leave
it
quite
,
nor
accurately
to
expresse
it
:
seeing
the
one
maketh
the
image
hard-favoured
,
the
other
unlike
.
nothing
can
be
profitable
,
but
what
proceedeth
from
truth
.
Iconum
lib.
in
Paludibus
the
chiefest
points
of
Art
.
Bacchus
his
picture
is
knowne
by
the
passion
of
love
expressed
in
his
face
,
Iconum
lib.
in
Ariadne
as
for
the
bravery
of
his
sumptuous
apparell
wrought
all
over
with
flowers
,
as
for
the
skins
of
fallow
deere
,
as
for
the
javelins
wrapped
about
with
ivie
,
all
these
things
are
throwne
away
,
as
being
now
out
of
season
.
the
occasion
doth
not
permit
to
make
an
accurate
expression
of
her
beautie
,
seeing
the
feare
of
her
life
,
and
the
agony
of
those
things
shee
saw
before
her
eyes
,
as
it
did
corrupt
the
flower
of
nature
,
so
did
it
for
all
that
leave
unto
the
beholders
sufficient
markes
to
conjecture
her
perfection
by
the
things
present
.
Achilles
Tatius
lib.
de
Clitophontis
&
Leucippes
amorib
No
pictures
doe
deserve
commendation
but
such
as
resemble
the
truth
;
and
though
they
are
trimmed
up
by
Art
,
yet
may
wee
not
instantly
judge
well
of
them
,
unlesse
wee
doe
finde
that
the
things
therein
contained
are
not
offensive
when
they
come
to
be
tried
by
reasoning
.
made
at
a
scene
with
a
neat
hand
,
wherein
he
had
made
images
instead
of
columnes
,
centaures
also
to
uphold
the
chapiters
of
the
pillars
,
&c.
He
made
moreover
an
upper-scene
,
wherein
the
seelings
,
the
porches
,
the
halfehouse-tops
were
diversly
adorned
by
the
Painter
.
Wherefore
when
the
strange
shew
of
this
same
scene
drew
the
eyes
of
all
men
,
and
when
all
were
readie
to
allow
of
it
by
a
generall
approbation
;
there
did
step
forth
a
certaine
Mathematician
,
named
who
sayd
,
that
the
had
the
reputation
of
wise
men
in
all
manner
of
civill
affaires
,
but
that
now
they
were
judged
unwise
for
a
small
fault
of
undecency
:
seeing
all
the
Statues
in
places
of
publike
exercise
,
were
Orators
pleading
;
and
those
in
the
market-place
did
hurle
a
great
stone
,
run
,
or
play
at
ball
.
The
whole
Citie
therefore
did
beare
the
reproach
of
the
unseemly
gesture
which
their
Statues
had
contrary
to
the
propertie
of
the
places
wherein
they
were
erected
:
neither
did
offer
to
answer
for
himselfe
,
but
having
taken
away
the
scene
,
he
corrected
and
altered
it
according
to
truth
.
Counsell
is
a
maine
thing
in
the
Artificer
,
seeing
it
is
turned
and
altered
diversly
according
to
the
occasions
of
things
.
It
sufficeth
me
to
affirme
cap.
ult
that
counsell
is
the
chiefest
thing
in
our
whole
life
;
and
that
it
is
in
vaine
to
teach
other
Arts
without
it
;
yea
that
providence
without
doctrine
is
able
to
effect
more
,
then
doctrine
without
providence
.
Counsell
also
,
in
my
opinion
,
doth
not
much
differ
from
judgement
;
but
that
judgement
busieth
it selfe
,
about
things
that
shew
themselves
;
counsell
,
about
things
that
lie
hid
and
are
not
yet
found
out
,
or
at
least
are
doubtfull
and
uncertaine
.
Nealces
was
very
wittie
and
subtill
in
the
Art
,
for
when
he
painted
a
sea-fight
between
the
and
the
and
would
expresse
that
this
fight
was
fought
in
the
river
whose
water
resembleth
the
sea
,
he
declared
by
an
historicall
argument
what
he
could
not
shew
by
Art
:
for
he
made
an
asse
drinking
upon
the
shoare
,
and
a
crocodile
lying
in
waite
to
intrap
him
.
Timanthes
for
when
in
the
sacrificing
of
he
had
painted
sadder
,
and
had
attributed
unto
the
greatest
sorrow
Art
could
effect
;
having
spent
all
his
passions
,
and
not
finding
how
to
expresse
her
fathers
countenance
worthily
,
he
thought
it
good
to
cover
his
head
,
and
to
leave
the
apprehension
of
the
fathers
heavinesse
to
the
consideration
of
the
beholders
.
Plinie
Timanthes
did
abound
in
wit
that
same
so
much
extolled
by
the
Orators
,
as
shee
stood
neere
the
altar
readie
to
die
,
was
his
worke
:
for
having
painted
all
them
that
stood
by
full
of
griefe
,
especially
her
uncle
,
when
he
had
now
consumed
the
whole
image
of
sadnesse
,
he
covered
her
fathers
face
,
not
knowing
how
to
shew
it
as
it
was
fit
.
There
are
also
other
proofes
of
his
wit
:
as
namely
a
sleeping
in
little
:
whose
greatnesse
when
he
studied
to
expresse
,
he
painted
some
Satyrs
hard
by
measuring
his
thumbe
with
the
stalke
of
some
kinde
of
hearbes
.
There
is
ever
much
more
understood
in
his
workes
,
then
there
is
painted
;
and
though
the
Art
be
great
,
yet
doth
his
wit
goe
beyond
the
Art
.
Let
not
Medea
murder
her
owne
children
in
the
presence
of
the
whole
people
:
let
not
the
villanous
boile
the
flesh
of
man
openly
.
Aegisthus
,
a
most
just
or
discreet
picture
,
The
Painter
devised
a
grave
course
,
for
having
but
shewed
the
impious
undertaking
a
farre
off
,
and
running
over
it
as
if
it
were
alreadie
done
,
he
made
the
young
men
busie
with
the
slaughter
of
the
adulterer
:
Propertius
lib.
Sidon
.
Apollinaris
lib.
Though
a
man
doe
never
so
much
put
himselfe
in
minde
of
continence
,
A
chilles
Tatius
de
Clitophontis
&
Leucippes
amorib
yet
is
he
most
commonly
provoked
by
example
to
imitate
the
contrary
,
especially
if
he
meeteth
with
the
example
of
one
whom
he
esteemeth
to
be
better
then
he
thinketh
himselfe
to
be
:
the
authoritie
of
a
better
,
turneth
the
shame
of
the
offence
into
a
most
confident
boldnesse
.
Petronius
Arbiter
Hylas
,
Apollo
Hyacinthus
,
Doth
Love
then
enter
into
the
heart
of
the
Gods
also
?
Eun.
Act.
Terence
sheweth
here
philosophically
what
hurt
the
life
of
man
receiveth
by
the
fabulous
tales
forged
by
when
they
do
suggest
examples
of
naughtinesse
unto
them
that
are
readie
to
offend
Clemens
Alexandrinus
in
Protreptico
even
as
if
drunkennesse
were
little
able
to
kindle
lust
,
unlesse
wine
should
be
drunke
in
bawdie
conceits
,
and
drunkennesse
should
be
invited
by
the
price
of
such
unlawfull
contentments
.
lib.
II
,
cap.
from
whence
it
ariseth
that
he
,
who
doth
nothing
but
seeke
what
is
excessive
,
may
by
chance
light
upon
one
or
other
loftie
conceit
,
but
that
falleth
out
very
seldome
,
and
it
cannot
make
amends
for
many
other
faults
:
seeme
rather
to
arise
out
of
a
tumultuous
distemper
of
troubled
and
turbulent
phantasies
,
then
to
be
handled
after
a
magnificent
way
:
and
if
you
examine
every
one
of
these
things
in
a
true
light
,
what
even
now
was
terrible
,
shall
by
little
and
little
grow
contemptible
as
our
cattell
being
too
full
of
grasse
is
cured
by
letting
bloud
,
Li.
II.
c.
and
so
returneth
to
such
fodder
as
may
be
most
proper
for
the
preservation
of
their
strength
;
that
he
likewise
must
lose
some
grease
and
part
with
his
grosse
humors
if
ever
he
meaneth
to
be
healthfull
and
strong
:
otherwise
that
same
vaine
swelling
will
betray
it selfe
upon
the
first
attempt
of
any
true
worke
:
That
is
great
indeed
which
doth
still
returne
into
our
thoughts
,
which
we
can
hardly
or
rather
not
at
all
put
out
of
our
minde
,
but
the
memorie
of
it
sticketh
close
in
us
and
will
not
be
rubbed
out
:
esteeme
that
also
to
be
a
most
excellent
and
true
magnificence
,
which
is
liked
alwayes
and
by
all
men
:
for
when
all
such
men
as
differ
in
their
studies
,
course
of
life
,
purposes
,
and
ages
,
doe
all
agree
in
their
opinion
about
one
and
the
same
thing
,
the
judgement
and
approbation
of
so
many
diversly
minded
folks
,
must
needs
gain
a
constant
and
certaine
estimation
of
the
thing
so
much
admired
.
It
pleaseth
me
well
Li.
ix
.
ep.
that
my
bookes
keepe
the
same
favour
far
from
home
,
which
they
have
gotten
in
the
city
;
and
I
begin
to
think
them
compleat
enough
,
seeing
several
judgments
in
such
diversity
of
countries
judge
alike
of
them
.
Magnificent
thoughts
come
by
nature
,
and
cannot
be
taught
,
yea
,
the
onely
art
to
attaine
unto
the
same
,
is
that
Nature
should
fit
us
to
high
conceited
and
lofty
things
.
Great
minded
men
are
most
of
all
given
to
entertain
stately
conceits
.
That
an
artificer
bee
of
a
magnanimous
nature
:
if
not
,
that
he
do
at
least
with
a
purposed
resolution
follow
after
grave
and
marvellous
things
,
Li.
xxxv
.
cap.
so
that
he
did
paint
antient
workes
for
the
eternity
of
things
:
he
had
a
most
forward
mind
;
and
there
are
very
few
like
him
:
he
was
most
commended
for
the
gorgeousnesse
and
gravitie
of
his
art
.
Pyreicus
was
in
his
art
inferiour
to
none
,
Li.
xxxv
.
cap.
but
I
doe
not
know
whether
hee
spoyled
himselfe
by
a
purposed
resolution
:
and
though
hee
did
delight
in
meane
things
,
yet
did
he
deserve
in
them
the
greatest
praise
:
he
painted
Barbers
and
Coblers
shops
,
asses
,
all
maner
of
victuals
,
and
such
like
things
,
wherefore
hee
was
called
These
workes
of
his
being
wonderfull
pleasant
,
sould
better
than
the
bravest
pieces
of
other
masters
.
A
cheerful
mind
poureth
forth
a
witty
invention
It
is
impossible
that
those
should
bring
forth
any
thing
that
might
deserve
the
admiration
of
all
ages
.
Juvenal
,
Sat.
T.
Calphurnius
Siculus
,
Eclog.
iv
.
He
was
very
poore
at
the
beginning
Lib.
xxxv
,
cap.
and
followed
his
art
with
great
earnestnesse
:
which
was
the
reason
that
he
was
lesse
fertile
.
Some
doe
thinke
that
he
painted
ships
till
he
was
fifty
yeares
of
age
.
When
we
do
imitate
the
best
authors
,
Li.
vii
.
ep
we
doe
inable
our selves
to
finde
the
like
.
Anaxagoras
Clazomenius
the
witnesse
of
times
,
the
light
of
truth
,
the
life
of
memory
,
the
schoole-mistresse
of
our
actions
,
being
haughty
and
of
a
lofty
stile
,
The
spirit
and
weightinesse
of
the
matter
,
Lib.
x
,
c.
the
whole
gesture
of
the
affections
,
the
decent
comelines
of
persons
is
drawne
out
of
Poëts
.
Elean
Jupiter
Valer.
Maximus
,
lib.
III.
cap.
Pliny
,
lib.
xxxv
.
ca.
Many
are
carried
away
by
another
mans
spirit
as
by
a
divine
inspiration
,
even
as
the
report
goeth
,
that
the
Priest
of
Apollo
is
suddenly
surprised
when
she
approacheth
unto
the
trivet
:
where
they
say
there
is
an
abrupt
hole
in
the
ground
,
breathing
forth
a
divine
exhalation
;
and
that
the
priest
filled
with
this
divine
power
,
doth
instantly
prophecie
by
inspiration
.
Even
so
do
we
see
,
that
from
the
loftinesse
of
the
Antients
there
doe
flow
some
little
streames
into
the
mindes
of
their
imitators
,
so
that
they
finde
themselves
compelled
to
follow
their
greatnesse
for
company
,
though
else
of
their
owne
accord
they
are
very
little
given
to
these
enthusiasticall
fits
.
Neither
may
this
be
called
a
theft
,
seeing
it
is
but
an
expression
of
the
bravest
maners
,
devices
,
and
works
of
the
Antients
.
So
is
this
same
strife
and
contention
for
glory
most
worthy
of
praise
and
victory
;
yea
it
is
glorious
enough
to
be
therein
overcome
by
our
predecessors
.
Apelles
,
Protogenes
,
Polycletus
,
Phidias
In
Epist.
ad
Priscum
praefixa
lib.
If
there
is
any
thing
in
my
bookes
that
deserveth
approbation
,
the
auditor
hath
suggested
it
unto
me
.
A
thing
appertaining
to
all
is
never
content
with
one
witnesse
.
For
it
is
a
rare
thing
,
Lib.
x.
c.
that
any
man
should
reverence
his
owne
selfe
.
It
is
impossible
that
hee
should
entertaine
any
abject
and
meane
thoughts
,
who
knoweth
that
all
ages
will
speake
of
him
,
Verily
so
it
is
Lib.
xii
,
c.
they
do
inforce
their
mindes
to
great
things
,
who
account
not
only
the
present
age
,
but
the
memory
of
all
posterity
,
to
be
the
space
of
an
honest
life
,
and
the
race
of
their
glory
.
It
is
a
singular
gift
of
providence
,
Li.
I.
c.
that
honest
things
should
take
us
most
of
all
.
the
wise
men
of
old
doe
seeme
to
me
to
have
written
many
things
about
Symmetrie
to
be
observed
in
Picture
;
setting
in
a
manner
lawes
concerning
the
Analogie
of
every
member
and
limbe
;
as
though
it
were
not
enough
excellently
to
expresse
a
motion
conceived
in
their
minde
,
if
they
did
not
also
keepe
their
Harmonie
within
a
measure
agreeable
to
Nature
,
(
for
whatsoever
is
exorbitant
from
his
kinde
and
without
measure
,
Nature
admitteth
not
)
I
say
,
to
Nature
rightly
acting
her
motion
.
Symmetrie
hath
no
Latine
name
Plinie
lib.
equalitie
.
If
you
did
see
a
head
or
any
member
parted
from
his
statue
,
it
may
be
you
should
not
be
able
to
finde
out
by
that
the
whole
congruence
and
equalitie
,
yet
should
you
be
able
to
judge
whether
it
be
elegant
and
neate
in
it selfe
.
Suetonius
Augustus
,
he
was
of
a
low
stature
,
but
that
his
lownesse
was
hid
by
the
fitnesse
and
equalitie
of
his
members
,
and
it
could
not
be
perceived
but
when
he
was
compared
with
a
taller
man
that
stood
neere
him
.
Tiberius
,
as
he
was
broad
in
the
brest
and
shoulders
,
so
was
there
also
in
all
his
other
members
to
the
sole
of
his
feet
a
certain
equalitie
and
congruence
.
Tullie
an
agreement
of
parts
an
apt
composition
of
the
members
of
all
these
things
that
are
perceived
by
seeing
,
de
Officiis
there
is
no
other
creature
that
is
sensible
of
pulchritude
,
comelinesse
,
and
convenience
of
parts
.
the
pulchritude
of
the
bodie
draweth
our
eyes
by
an
apt
composition
of
the
members
,
and
delighteth
us
with
nothing
so
much
,
as
that
all
the
parts
agree
among
themselves
with
a
certaine
kinde
of
pleasantnesse
.
Vitruvius
a
commensuration
Noct.
Attic.
cap.
a
naturall
competence
of
all
the
members
among
themselves
.
Noct.
Attic
.
cap.
Analogie
is
called
in
Latine
by
some
Proportion
.
Quintilian
Those
that
goe
neerest
to
translate
the
word
Analogie
into
Latine
,
call
it
Proportion
.
Seneca
Seeing
the
Latine
Grammarians
have
enfranchized
the
word
Analogie
,
I
am
not
of
opinion
that
it
is
to
be
condemned
and
to
be
sent
backe
to
its
owne
Citie
.
Artificers
,
whose
trade
is
to
fashion
and
to
produce
bodily
figures
,
de
Libero
arbitrio
,
cap.
have
in
their
Art
certaine
numbers
and
ideall
perfections
,
by
which
they
fit
and
square
their
workes
;
and
withdraw
not
their
hands
and
tooles
from
the
fabricating
thereof
,
untill
that
which
is
outwardly
fashioned
,
compared
to
that
internall
light
of
number
and
perfection
,
be
found
as
absolute
as
is
possible
;
and
through
the
presentation
of
the
sense
without
,
please
the
judge
within
,
seeing
it
conformable
to
his
exemplarie
and
supernall
numbers
.
Plutarch
that
which
is
beautifull
is
perfited
by
many
as
it
were
numbers
disposed
together
in
one
apt
manner
under
a
certaine
Symmetrie
and
Harmonie
:
but
that
which
is
ill-favoured
,
quickly
taketh
his
beginning
from
any
one
thing
either
wanting
or
unfitly
redounding
.
By
Symmetrie
Art
draweth
neere
unto
Reason
,
Philostratus
in
prooem
.
Iconum
hath
disposed
all
things
in
measure
,
number
,
and
weight
:
that
concinnitie
of
the
bodie
and
due
connexion
of
all
the
parts
for
one
of
the
members
being
cut
away
from
the
rest
and
alone
by
it selfe
,
hath
nothing
that
any
man
should
esteeme
;
but
all
of
them
mutually
together
doe
accomplish
a
perfect
systeme
,
being
by
their
communion
made
into
a
bodie
,
and
thereto
inclosed
all
about
with
the
band
of
Harmony
,
Dionys
.
Longinus
The
beautie
of
the
bodie
Eclog.
Ethic.
cap.
is
a
Symmetrie
of
the
parts
referred
one
to
another
,
and
all
to
the
whole
.
All
the
parts
of
a
statue
ought
to
be
beautifull
,
In
colossie
workes
wee
require
not
so
much
the
beautie
of
every
particular
,
but
wee
doe
rather
consider
the
whole
,
whether
it
be
well
or
no
,
Strabo
lib.
Geogr.
We
count
those
imitations
most
of
all
ridiculous
,
de
usu
partium
corporis
humani
which
keeping
a
likenesse
in
most
of
the
parts
,
faile
much
in
those
which
are
the
principall
.
Parrhasius
,
Polycletus
Asclepiodorus
.
Parrhasius
did
first
of
all
give
Symmetrie
unto
picture
.
Polycletus
was
a
most
diligent
observer
of
Symmetrie
,
Apelles
was
an
admirer
of
Asclepiodorus
for
the
Symmetrie
observed
in
his
workes
,
Vitruvius
,
lib.
III.
Architect
.
cap.
Seeing
there
are
two
sorts
of
pulchritude
,
de
Off.
the
one
consisting
in
sweetnesse
,
the
other
in
dignitie
.
We
are
to
know
,
that
sweetnesse
becommeth
a
woman
;
dignitie
on
the
contrary
is
more
proper
for
a
man
.
This
dignity
is
maintained
by
the
goodnesse
of
colour
,
and
colour
is
maintained
by
the
exercise
of
our
bodies
.
a
certaine
kinde
of
swelling
doth
very
often
imitate
a
good
constitution
of
the
body
:
As
there
must
be
bones
in
the
body
,
and
as
they
must
be
tied
together
by
their
sinews
,
so
are
they
for
all
that
to
be
covered
with
flesh
,
That
body
of
a
man
is
onely
faire
,
wherein
the
veins
doe
not
appeare
,
and
the
bones
cannot
bee
counted
:
but
temperate
and
good
bloud
filleth
up
the
members
,
and
raiseth
the
muscles
,
covering
also
the
sinewes
with
rednesse
,
and
commending
them
with
comelinesse
.
That
woman
is
not
instantly
counted
faire
,
whose
leg
or
arme
deserveth
to
be
praised
:
but
whose
whole
face
leaveth
nothing
in
the
other
members
that
may
seem
admirable
:
My
Limone
though
she
hath
a
face
faire
beyond
Nature
,
yet
putting
off
her
cloathes
she
seemeth
not
to
have
any
faire
face
at
all
,
in
regard
of
the
other
excellencies
that
were
concealed
.
his
limbes
shewed
themselves
Thebaid
.
v.
when
he
unbuckled
his
riding
coat
,
the
whole
cheerfulnesse
of
his
members
did
lie
open
:
his
brave
shoulders
,
his
brests
that
might
very
well
be
compared
with
his
bare
cheekes
,
yea
the
beautifull
countenance
of
his
visage
was
drowned
by
the
beauty
of
his
body
.
Virgins
in
regard
of
their
tender
age
being
made
more
tender
limbed
,
receive
handsomer
effects
in
every
thing
that
may
be
for
their
ornament
.
who
did
indulge
something
more
unto
the
members
of
the
body
,
thinking
it
more
stately
and
more
majesticall
.
Some
also
are
of
opinion
,
that
this
same
artificer
followed
in
this
point
,
seeing
he
would
have
woman
it selfe
be
of
a
stout
and
able
shape
,
is
found
greater
in
heads
and
joynts
.
seemeth
first
to
have
made
use
of
Symmetry
:
but
he
made
the
whole
bodies
smaller
,
the
heads
and
joynts
bigger
.
Statues
,
images
,
pictures
the
figures
of
men
,
of
dumb
creatures
,
trees
also
,
being
but
comely
,
may
be
esteemed
much
better
for
being
great
.
It
is
a
most
foolish
thing
in
my
opinion
,
that
a
man
should
not
study
to
imitate
the
best
things
,
The
most
famous
statuaries
and
painters
,
did
never
erre
so
grossely
,
as
to
take
one
or
other
for
a
pattern
of
their
worke
:
but
rather
that
same
fit
for
warre
and
wrestling
,
or
else
the
bodies
of
such
warlike
champions
as
they
tooke
to
be
truly
handsome
.
Stephanus
de
Urbibus
Venus
Anadyomene
Athenaeus
.
lib.
xiii
,
Deipnosoph
.
Clemens
Alexandrinus
Alcibiades
.
Arnobius
Xenophon
,
lib.
iii.
Apomnem
Aristaenetus
,
lib.
I.
Epist
though
in
our
face
&
countenance
there
are
not
much
more
but
ten
parts
,
nat.
hist.
cap.
yet
can
we
hardly
among
so
many
thousand
men
meet
with
two
countenances
like
in
all
things
.
Our
face
is
rough
because
it
is
made
up
of
unlike
and
unequall
parts
;
the
mouth
,
the
nose
,
the
eyes
,
and
the
rest
,
whereof
some
sticke
out
by
their
scituation
,
and
some
have
a
kinde
of
hollownesse
.
Painters
making
very
small
account
of
the
other
parts
,
take
their
main
similitude
from
the
countenance
and
such
favour
of
the
eyes
wherein
there
are
some
marks
of
our
manners
and
dispositions
.
they
would
not
so
much
as
suffer
the
Painter
to
erre
for
the
best
,
Such
as
paint
faire
bodies
when
they
will
gratifie
them
they
paint
too
much
,
overthrow
and
spoile
the
whole
similitude
:
swarving
aside
as
well
from
the
patterne
it selfe
,
as
from
the
beautie
.
Painters
,
Carvers
,
and
Statuaries
,
de
Temperam
doe
paint
,
carve
,
and
caste
the
fairest
of
every
sort
:
they
expresse
the
fairest
man
,
horse
,
oxe
,
lyon
,
considering
alwayes
what
is
most
proportionable
:
this
was
the
commendation
of
the
statue
called
so
named
,
because
all
parts
did
therein
agree
one
with
another
by
an
accurate
Symmetrie
:
it
is
exspected
that
Statues
resemble
a
man
,
Neither
may
wee
justly
call
it
an
image
,
that
doth
not
draw
equall
lines
from
his
principall
:
de
Theologiâ
:
the
resemblance
of
Socrates
set
forth
in
a
picture
,
if
it
doth
not
expresse
his
bald
head
,
his
flat
nose
,
the
standing
out
of
his
eyes
,
may
not
be
called
a
true
image
of
Socrates
.
Monsters
are
very
seldom
engendred
in
mankinde
,
In
Lib.
Aristotelis
de
Generatione
animalium
because
man
bringeth
forth
perfect
creatures
:
for
whatsoever
can
bring
forth
perfect
creatures
,
doth
seldome
erre
:
even
as
the
best
Painters
doe
very
seldome
mistake
themselves
about
the
similitude
of
the
things
imitated
.
Maximus
Tyrius
Dissertat
Lysippus
and
Praxiteles
are
esteemed
to
come
neerest
unto
truth
for
Demetrius
is
blamed
as
being
too
curious
in
this
point
,
and
loveth
Similitude
more
then
pulchritude
.
Lysippus
,
Plinie
he
advanced
the
Art
of
casting
very
much
,
by
expressing
the
haire
,
by
making
the
heads
lesser
then
the
ancients
,
the
bodies
also
slenderer
and
drier
,
that
the
Statues
might
seeme
taller
.
He
was
a
most
diligent
observer
of
Symmetrie
,
changing
the
square
Statues
of
the
ancients
by
a
new
and
unusuall
way
:
and
he
was
wont
to
say
,
that
the
ancients
made
men
as
they
are
,
but
that
he
made
them
as
they
seeme
to
be
:
which
doe
not
hide
what
is
faultie
,
and
doe
not
sparingly
set
forth
what
is
praise-worthie
,
Nakednesse
it selfe
De
opificio
Dei
,
cap.
doth
wonderfully
helpe
pulchritude
Aristaenetus
lib.
it
is
a
Grecian
custome
,
to
apparell
nothing
;
but
the
Roman
and
military
way
is
to
adde
brest-plates
,
Apelles
painted
one
of
the
Worthies
naked
,
provoking
Nature
it selfe
with
this
picture
,
Plinie
he
made
two
statues
of
and
set
them
to
sale
both
at
one
time
and
at
one
price
,
the
one
being
clad
,
was
preferred
by
the
inhabitants
of
that
had
the
first
choosing
,
because
they
thought
it
more
grave
and
honest
to
take
the
attired
image
:
the
bought
her
that
was
left
,
there
being
a
huge
difference
of
fame
:
for
famous
with
that
same
image
.
The
whole
case
is
opened
,
that
the
Goddesse
might
be
seen
from
all
parts
;
shee
her selfe
,
as
it
is
beleeved
,
liking
the
fact
well
enough
;
seeing
the
same
admiration
remaineth
from
what
side
soever
you
doe
looke
upon
her
.
he
shall
see
better
things
then
ever
he
could
meet
withall
in
his
reading
,
he
shall
behold
fairer
things
then
ever
he
could
conceive
;
namely
,
Statues
that
doe
keepe
the
markes
of
their
authors
;
he
shall
view
the
veines
expressed
in
brasse
;
the
muscles
swelling
with
a
certaine
kinde
of
straining
;
and
a
man
so
caste
in
severall
similitudes
,
that
he
may
rather
seeme
to
be
such
by
a
naturall
generation
:
he
shall
wonder
that
there
is
such
a
mettled
fervencie
in
horses
,
as
to
make
him
beleeve
by
their
wrinkled
and
round
nostrills
,
by
their
shaking
joynts
,
and
their
eares
laid
in
their
necke
,
that
they
would
faine
runne
,
though
he
knoweth
well
enough
that
it
is
against
the
nature
of
brasse
to
stirre
at
all
.
poore
Artificers
when
they
doe
put
little
Statues
upon
great
bases
,
argue
the
smalnesse
of
their
workes
the
more
.
Archit
.
cap.
Temples
must
have
in
every
one
of
their
members
and
parts
a
convenient
proportion
answerable
to
the
whole
magnitude
.
Jupiter
Olympius
Strabo
lib.
VIII
Geogr.
By
how
much
our
sight
climbeth
higher
,
with
so
much
the
more
difficultie
doth
it
cut
the
thicknesse
of
the
aire
:
and
finding
it selfe
lost
and
weakened
by
the
altitude
,
it
doth
report
unto
our
senses
an
uncertaine
quantitie
of
measures
.
The
parts
of
Symmetries
therfore
stand
continually
in
need
of
a
proportionable
supply
,
that
the
workes
being
set
up
in
higher
places
,
or
else
being
of
a
colossie
bignesse
,
might
have
a
certaine
proportion
of
magnitude
.
Phlegon
Trallianus
Diodorus
Siculus
Apollo
Pythius
I
doe
stretch
out
my
hams
,
to
see
battels
so
painted
with
red
chaulke
or
with
a
coale
;
even
as
if
men
did
fight
indeed
and
stirre
their
weapons
,
sometimes
bringing
blowes
,
and
sometimes
shunning
them
.
Philostratus
Line
aments
consisting
in
light
and
shadow
without
any
colour
,
De
vità
Apollonii
,
lib.
deserve
the
name
of
Picture
:
for
we
may
not
onely
see
in
them
the
shape
of
the
parties
designed
,
but
their
intent
also
,
whether
it
be
shame
or
boldnesse
that
possesseth
them
;
and
although
these
lines
,
being
put
together
after
a
most
simple
manner
,
doe
not
represent
any
mixture
of
bloud
,
nor
expresse
the
flower
of
bright
haire
,
and
of
a
newly
up-growing
beard
,
yet
doe
they
resemble
the
similitude
of
a
tanie
or
a
white
man
:
yea
if
wee
doe
designe
any
one
of
the
in
white
lines
,
he
shall
for
all
that
seeme
to
be
blacke
:
seeing
his
flat
nose
,
his
standing
haire
,
his
plumpe
cheekes
,
and
a
certaine
kinde
of
dulnesse
about
his
eyes
maketh
all
black
and
sheweth
him
to
be
an
to
every
one
that
doth
view
him
not
foolishly
.
Our
sight
is
very
much
revived
and
fed
with
the
most
pleasant
and
flourishing
colours
.
AN
Artificer
handleth
his
instruments
with
ease
,
the
Master
of
a
shippe
knoweth
how
to
turne
the
sterne
:
the
Painter
doth
nimbly
marke
many
and
severall
colours
that
are
set
before
him
to
make
a
similitude
,
bestirring
himselfe
with
a
ready
looke
and
a
quicke
hand
between
his
wax
and
worke
:
He
is
the
best
Painter
Greg.
Nazianzene
who
expresseth
in
his
picture
true
and
breathing
shapes
;
and
not
he
,
who
vainly
mixing
many
faire
colours
representeth
nothing
else
in
his
worke
but
a
painted
tempest
.
it
is
impossible
to
know
or
to
practise
the
mixing
of
any
thing
rightly
,
unlesse
a
man
doth
first
understand
every
one
of
the
things
that
are
to
be
mixed
:
so
must
wee
understand
the
nature
of
blacke
and
white
,
if
wee
doe
ever
meane
to
mixe
a
good
browne
colour
aright
.
de
Abstinentiâ
who
first
of
all
found
the
corruption
and
the
way
of
expressing
the
shadow
in
colours
,
was
an
Athenian
.
Sympos
.
problem
comixtion
or
variegation
the
Art
of
Painting
maketh
images
resembling
them
shee
doth
imitate
,
having
first
by
a
moderate
confusion
tempered
discordant
colours
of
painting
,
blacke
,
white
,
yellow
,
red
,
Picture
doth
consist
in
colouring
neither
doth
shee
rest
here
,
but
undertaketh
to
performe
greater
matters
with
one
colour
,
then
any
other
Art
is
able
to
effect
with
diverse
meanes
:
shee
doth
shew
the
shadowes
,
shee
observeth
the
diversitie
which
is
in
the
looke
of
a
mad
man
,
in
a
sad
or
cheerfull
countenance
also
.
Those
that
cast
in
brasse
cannot
attaine
to
the
least
part
of
that
vigorous
force
which
is
in
the
eye
:
but
picture
knoweth
how
to
imitate
a
brown
,
gray
,
or
black
eye
:
she
knoweth
how
to
expresse
the
severall
colours
of
golden
,
of
ruddy
and
of
bright
flaxen
haire
,
the
colour
of
cloaths
also
and
of
armour
.
She
knoweth
how
to
represent
Bed-chambers
,
houses
,
forrests
,
mountaines
,
fountaines
,
the
aire
at
length
,
which
incloseth
all
these
things
.
how
to
mixe
his
colours
accurately
,
how
to
apply
them
seasonably
,
and
how
to
shadow
the
work
conveniently
.
Pliny
,
lib.
xvi
.
Nat.
hist.
cap.
hist.
plant
.
lib.
lib.
v.
cap.
Joannes
Grammaticus
A
writer
purposing
to
write
well
,
doth
sometimes
come
short
of
his
intent
,
if
he
meeteth
with
sinking
and
blotting
paper
,
or
else
with
bad
inke
.
This
is
also
a
Painters
case
,
when
the
colours
or
the
cloath
hepainteth
on
are
unfit
for
his
worke
.
Painters
cause
lightsome
and
bright
things
seeme
more
light
some
and
bright
when
they
doe
place
shadie
and
darkesome
things
neer
them
.
Our
eye
delighteth
most
in
the
brightest
colour
,
yet
shal
this
pleasure
be
lessened
very
much
,
if
you
doe
not
put
some
brown
colour
neer
it
.
The
most
contrary
colours
agree
very
well
about
the
composition
of
an
excellent
beauty
,
For
this
reason
also
is
a
blacke
picture
made
upon
a
white
ground
,
Joannes
Grammaticus
as
a
white
or
golden
picture
on
the
contrary
,
is
made
upon
a
blacke
ground
.
It
is
ever
so
,
that
contrary
things
are
more
apparant
,
being
placed
neer
their
contraries
;
whereas
it
is
hard
to
discerne
things
like
,
placed
among
things
of
the
same
likenesse
.
Even
as
if
you
did
paint
white
upon
a
white
,
and
black
upon
a
blacke
ground
.
Whence
it
is
that
such
as
weare
blacke
cloathes
cannot
so
well
be
discerned
in
the
night
time
,
as
others
that
weare
white
cloathes
.
Those
likewise
who
doe
weare
white
cloaths
in
the
day
time
,
but
especially
in
a
cleare
Sun-shine
,
cannot
be
knowne
so
distinctly
.
to
colour
the
shadow
altogether
without
any
light
.
the
art
at
length
distinguishing
her selfe
,
Lib.
xxxv
.
cap.
found
out
Light
and
Shadow
;
the
difference
of
colours
by
a
mutuall
course
setting
forth
each
others
light
somenesse
.
Light
is
most
of
all
commended
in
a
picture
by
the
shadow
,
Lib.
iii.
epist.
those
who
painted
with
single
colours
,
made
alwayes
some
things
rise
,
and
some
fall
:
els
they
could
never
have
given
unto
every
member
his
proper
lines
,
Let
upon
the
same
superficiall
bredth
of
any
flat
boord
two
parallell
lines
be
drawn
,
with
the
colours
of
shadow
and
Light
,
yet
shall
the
ardent
flagrancie
of
light
soonest
of
all
meet
with
our
eyes
,
and
seeme
a
great
deale
neerer
.
Nicias
Pliny
xxxv
Zeuxis
,
Polygnotus
Philostr
.
lib.
II
,
de
vita
Apollonii
,
cap.
Pliny
xxxv
Venus
:
The
goddesse
will
not
seeme
to
be
painted
,
she
sticketh
out
so
much
as
to
make
one
thinke
that
it
were
an
easie
matter
to
take
hold
of
her
.
Pausias
First
,
when
he
would
shew
the
length
of
an
Oxe
,
he
painted
him
standing
full
opposite
against
us
,
Lib.
xxxv
.
cap.
and
not
sidelong
,
making
his
length
neverthelesse
to
bee
sufficiently
understood
.
Afterwards
,
where
all
others
do
heighten
the
parts
which
are
to
rise
,
with
white
,
tempering
the
colour
with
some
mixture
of
black
;
he
made
the
whole
Oxe
of
a
blacke
colour
,
and
gave
the
shadow
a
body
out
of
it self
:
shewing
by
a
most
wonderfull
Art
,
risings
in
smoothnesse
,
and
continuitie
in
abruptnesse
.
Those
that
doe
sit
Icon
,
li.
in
Palaest
have
many
shadowes
;
and
it
doth
bewray
singular
great
wisedome
in
the
Painter
,
that
hee
made
the
maid
sitting
.
It
is
easie
to
hit
the
shadowes
of
them
that
lie
downe
,
or
stand
upright
:
and
it
requireth
small
wisdome
to
do
it
accurately
.
But
the
shadowes
of
go
beyond
all
art
:
for
the
shadows
of
him
that
stoopeth
after
this
manner
,
though
they
fall
one
into
another
,
yet
do
they
not
darken
any
of
these
things
that
should
rise
,
but
cause
some
light
about
the
hollownesse
of
his
belly
.
For
if
you
do
put
white
and
blacke
upon
the
same
superficiall
breadth
,
In
Lib.
Meteor
.
Aristot
the
white
shall
alwayes
seeme
to
be
neerer
,
and
the
blacke
further
off
.
The
painters
therefore
knowing
this
,
when
they
will
make
any
thing
seeme
hollow
,
as
a
Well
,
a
Cisterne
,
a
Ditch
,
a
cave
,
or
any
such
like
thing
,
they
colour
it
with
blacke
or
brown
;
and
how
much
more
they
blacke
them
,
their
depth
seemeth
to
be
the
greater
:
for
whatsoever
is
extreame
blacke
,
the
same
worketh
in
us
an
apprehension
of
a
bottomlesse
deepnesse
.
When
on
the
contrary
they
will
make
any
thing
rise
,
as
the
brests
of
a
maid
,
a
stretched
out
hand
,
the
feet
of
a
horse
,
they
lay
on
at
both
sides
so
much
blacke
or
browne
as
will
make
those
parts
seeme
to
sticke
out
by
reason
of
the
hollownesse
which
is
so
neere
.
Pyrrhus
,
The
brownenesse
of
the
ditch
is
cunningly
wrought
by
the
Artificer
,
who
intended
by
this
meanes
to
signifie
what
deepenesse
it
had
.
Greg.
Naz.
The
wearing
of
bright
and
glistering
cloathes
is
proper
unto
the
Angels
when
they
appeare
in
bodily
shapes
,
to
make
that
as
I
doe
thinke
,
a
true
marke
of
their
pure
and
undefiled
nature
.
Matth.
xxviii
The
art
of
the
painter
is
much
to
bee
commended
,
for
having
round
about
applied
all
manner
of
most
esteemed
pretious
stones
,
he
doth
not
imitate
them
by
their
colours
,
but
by
their
brightnesse
:
putting
in
them
a
certaine
kind
of
thorow-shining
light
somenesse
,
which
might
serve
for
a
pricke
to
stirre
up
our
sight
,
and
to
draw
our
eye
.
Take
good
care
that
the
brightnesse
of
my
shield
be
clearer
,
Mil.
glor
.
Act.
than
the
beames
of
the
Sun
in
faire
weather
use
to
be
;
that
the
eyes
of
our
enemies
might
be
dazeled
at
the
first
encounter
.
Philostr
.
Iconum
lib.
I.
in
Amphione
.
lib.
II
,
in
Palladis
ortu
.
Cassiod
.
Variarum
V.
Flowers
and
flame
have
not
a
dul
colour
,
but
the
brightnesse
of
them
both
is
able
to
carry
away
our
eyes
.
Philostratus
The
painter
deserveth
to
be
admired
for
the
painting
of
gold
,
Icon.
lib.
in
The
mist
having
wrought
in
it
a
certaine
force
to
cheer
up
the
heart
,
and
withall
to
keepe
the
lively
figures
it
had
beene
constrained
to
receive
.
lib.
II.
cap.
These
shinings
shew
themselves
ceasing
swiftly
even
as
a
flash
of
lightning
,
For
it
is
impossible
that
these
lights
beeing
frequent
and
continuall
,
should
not
hinder
one
another
,
You
may
perceive
an
unequality
where
those
things
that
sticke
out
are
notable
.
The
height
of
one
Tree
is
never
wondred
at
,
where
the
whole
wood
is
growne
up
to
the
same
height
,
These
lights
therefore
must
not
be
like
unto
a
flame
,
Orat.
Inst.
li.
viii
,
cap.
but
unto
sparks
shining
forth
out
of
the
smoke
.
Neither
do
they
appear
where
the
whole
picture
shineth
,
even
as
stars
cannot
be
discerned
in
a
Sun-shine
.
Such
lights
likewise
as
shew
themselves
often
and
faintly
,
can
never
please
the
eye
,
as
being
only
unequall
and
harsh
,
not
attaining
to
that
admiration
heightned
things
do
deserve
,
and
losing
the
grace
plaine
things
are
commended
for
.
Dionysius
Milesius
:
We
ought
to
tast
of
hony
,
With
our
fingers
end
:
and
not
with
the
whole
hand
.
We
are
to
sow
with
one
hand
only
,
and
not
with
the
whole
Sacke
.
nothing
can
be
bright
without
the
mixture
of
light
there
was
added
unto
Picture
a
certaine
kinde
of
brightnesse
,
Lib.
xxxv
,
cap.
being
an
other
thing
than
Light
.
This
brightnesse
was
named
because
it
was
something
between
light
and
shadow
.
As
for
the
commissures
and
transitions
of
colours
,
they
were
known
by
the
name
of
Statius
Papinius
,
li.
Thebaid
.
vers.
For
although
there
doe
shine
a
thousand
severall
colours
in
the
Rain-bow
,
their
transition
for
all
that
deceiveth
the
eyes
of
the
spectators
;
seeing
her
colors
are
all
one
where
they
touch
,
though
farther
off
they
are
much
different
.
When
the
Rain-bow
appeareth
in
the
clouds
,
Lib.
v.
art.
music
.
cap.
such
is
the
neighbourhood
of
colours
,
that
there
is
no
certaine
end
which
distinguisheth
the
one
from
the
other
:
but
we
see
that
the
red
falleth
away
to
a
certaine
kind
of
palenesse
,
and
turneth
it selfe
by
a
continuall
changing
,
into
the
next
colour
,
there
being
no
other
colour
in
the
middest
to
distinguish
them
both
.
The
very
same
falleth
out
in
musicall
concents
,
&c.
Whosoever
looketh
upon
the
rain-bow
as
consisting
of
one
colour
,
doth
not
know
how
to
admire
her
enough
;
but
whosoever
considers
her
as
consisting
of
colors
,
wondreth
much
more
.
Tul.
l.
de
nat.
deor
Plut
lib.
Philostratus
Iconum
lib.
Chiron
is
painted
after
the
manner
of
a
Centaure
:
though
it
be
no
great
wonder
to
joyne
a
horse
with
a
man
;
but
to
joyne
and
to
unite
them
so
cunningly
as
to
impart
unto
them
both
the
same
beginning
and
ending
,
yea
to
beguile
the
eyes
which
goe
about
to
know
where
the
man
parteth
with
the
horse
,
is
in
my
opinion
the
worke
of
an
excellent
Painter
.
Lucian
The
mixture
and
harmoge
of
the
bodies
,
for
as
much
as
the
horse
is
joyned
and
bound
up
with
the
woman
,
is
not
done
all
at
once
;
but
gently
;
and
turneth
from
the
one
into
the
other
as
by
a
quiet
and
insensible
induction
,
deceiving
the
eye
with
a
strange
stealth
of
change
.
All
Masters
doe
confesse
his
chiefe
glorie
was
in
the
uttermost
lines
,
and
that
indeed
is
the
highest
subtiltie
in
Picture
:
for
although
it
require
great
skill
to
paint
the
bodie
and
middlemost
parts
of
figures
,
yet
are
there
many
that
got
credit
by
it
.
To
make
the
extremities
of
bodies
and
handsomly
to
shut
up
the
measure
of
an
ending
picture
,
is
seldome
found
in
the
greatest
successe
of
Art
;
seeing
the
extremitie
ought
to
compasse
her selfe
about
,
ending
with
a
promise
of
other
things
behinde
,
and
setting
forth
also
what
shee
concealeth
.
for
all
that
being
compared
with
himselfe
seemeth
to
comeshort
in
the
expression
of
the
middlemost
bodies
.
I
came
into
agallery
much
to
bewondered
at
for
severall
sorts
of
pictures
.
I
saw
there
his
hand
,
which
as
yet
had
escaped
the
injuries
of
age
:
as
for
his
picture
,
which
was
knowne
among
the
by
the
name
I
did
not
sticke
to
adore
it
:
for
the
extremities
of
the
images
were
with
such
a
wonderfull
subtiltie
cut
off
after
the
similitude
,
that
you
could
not
but
thinke
it
to
be
a
picture
of
the
spirits
and
soules
it selfe
.
That
it
is
not
an
idle
fancy
of
our
brain
,
that
there
should
be
a
longitude
without
latitude
,
but
that
such
a
thing
is
in
Nature
,
the
partings
betweene
enlightened
and
shadowed
places
doe
manifestly
shew
:
for
when
it
chanceth
that
the
Sunne
casting
his
beames
upon
a
wall
enlighteneth
but
some
part
of
the
same
,
the
partition
betweene
the
enlightened
and
shadowed
place
must
needs
be
a
longitude
without
latitude
:
for
if
it
hath
any
latitude
,
it
must
needs
be
either
enlightened
or
else
shadowed
with
the
rest
;
seeing
nothing
can
be
conceived
betweene
these
two
:
and
if
it
be
enlightened
,
it
is
to
be
put
to
the
enlightened
part
:
if
on
the
contrary
it
be
shadowed
,
it
is
to
be
added
to
the
shadowed
part
:
but
now
there
is
a
line
manifestly
to
be
seene
in
the
middest
,
which
by
her
length
doth
onely
distinguish
the
enlightened
part
from
the
shadowed
:
and
if
these
parts
are
distinguished
one
from
another
,
there
must
of
necessitie
be
something
besides
them
that
distinguisheth
,
which
as
it
shall
not
be
enlightened
nor
shadowed
,
so
shall
it
consequently
be
without
any
breadth
.
Beautie
is
a
Symmetrie
of
the
limbes
and
other
parts
,
de
Formis
orationis
.
Clemens
Alexandr
.
lib.
Paedag.
cap.
accompanied
with
the
goodnesse
of
colour
.
The
dignitie
belonging
to
a
man
must
be
stout
and
uncorrupted
;
it
cannot
abide
an
effeminate
smoothnesse
,
nor
such
a
colour
as
is
procured
by
choice
painting
;
seeing
bloud
and
strength
must
make
it
goodly
and
faire
,
It
is
a
singular
help
to
the
perfection
of
beautie
,
that
colour
be
applied
according
to
the
occasion
of
every
limbe
.
What
is
to
be
blacke
,
let
it
be
exquisitly
blacke
;
and
wheresoever
whitenesse
is
required
,
let
there
be
a
pure
white
:
yet
so
,
that
the
flower
of
rednesse
be
alwayes
intermingled
.
the
body
must
not
be
too
white
,
but
somewhat
overspred
with
bloud
:
for
such
a
colour
doth
the
Master-painter
attribute
unto
his
thighs
,
when
he
fetcheth
his
resemblance
from
ivorie
which
is
gently
dyed
in
purple
:
such
be
the
whole
bodie
.
Venus
:
in
the
Venus
at
Coos
,
it
is
not
a
bodie
you
see
,
but
something
in
the
likenesse
of
a
body
:
neither
is
that
same
red
which
spreadeth
it self
and
mixeth
it selfe
among
the
white
,
bloud
,
but
a
certaine
similitude
of
bloud
.
Bissula
cannot
be
imitated
with
any
colour
of
painting
,
her
naturall
gracefulnesse
will
not
yeeld
unto
an
art
which
doth
but
counterfeite
.
Arsenicke
and
Ceruse
may
peradventure
resemble
other
maids
:
no
hand
knoweth
the
temper
of
such
a
countenance
.
Goe
to
then
,
Painter
,
confound
red
roses
with
good
store
of
lillies
,
and
what
reflexion
the
aire
taketh
of
them
,
let
that
be
the
colour
of
her
face
.
Colour
mooveth
us
more
in
pictures
,
then
a
simple
delineation
;
and
that
because
of
the
neere
resemblance
of
man
it
hath
together
with
a
certaine
aptnesse
to
deceive
:
the
condition
of
an
ornament
consisteth
not
in
it selfe
,
but
in
the
things
adorned
;
to
which
if
it
be
not
accommodate
,
it
shall
be
so
farre
from
illustrating
them
,
that
it
shall
rather
destroy
them
and
turne
the
whole
force
of
things
to
the
contrary
.
Long
garments
are
odious
in
a
little
bodie
,
that
garment
is
decently
put
on
,
which
doth
not
sweep
the
dust
,
and
is
not
trampled
upon
for
hanging
too
much
upon
the
ground
.
Apelles
,
Hee
had
great
reason
to
doe
so
,
Li.
xxxv
.
cap.
least
the
clearenesse
of
colours
might
offend
their
eyes
that
should
look
vpon
them
afarre
off
,
as
thorow
an
Arabian
glasse
stone
:
studying
also
by
the
same
means
secretly
to
adde
a
certain
kinde
of
austerity
unto
the
two
bright
and
flourishing
colours
.
Those
who
are
taken
with
an
outward
shew
of
things
,
Lib.
II
,
cap.
iudge
sometimes
that
there
is
more
beautie
in
them
which
are
polled
,
shaved
,
smoothed
,
curled
,
and
painted
,
than
incorrupt
Nature
can
give
unto
them
:
even
as
if
pulchritude
did
proceed
out
of
the
corruption
of
manners
.
Many
may
perchance
like
of
what
is
bad
,
but
no
body
disliketh
of
what
is
good
Lib.
xii
.
cap.
Healthfullbodies
,
and
such
bodies
as
by
a
continuall
exercitation
are
filled
with
good
and
pure
bloud
,
In
Prooem
.
lib.
receive
their
favour
out
of
the
same
things
out
of
the
which
they
receive
their
strength
:
seeing
this
maketh
them
well-coloured
,
compact
,
and
closed
up
in
muscles
.
But
if
any
man
study
to
trim
the
very
selfe
same
bodies
with
an
effoeminate
kinde
of
polling
and
painting
,
the
very
labour
and
affectation
of
such
a
forced
beauty
shall
make
them
most
ill-favoured
and
ugly
.
Lawfull
and
stately
ornaments
ad
a
certaine
kind
of
authoritie
to
the
bodies
of
men
:
whereas
a
womanish
and
luxurious
trimming
doth
not
so
much
decke
the
body
,
as
it
discovereth
the
mind
.
If
any
man
should
offer
to
adorne
a
lusty
and
stout
wrestler
,
with
purple
cloaths
and
other
whorish
ornaments
,
disguising
likewise
and
painting
his
face
;
would
he
not
seeme
to
be
very
ridiculous
,
for
shaming
the
man
after
this
manner
?
A
mean
Artificer
neer
the
doth
imitate
the
nails
and
the
soft
haire
most
accuratly
in
brasse
:
he
maketh
this
the
unfortunate
height
of
his
workmanship
,
because
he
doth
not
know
how
to
expresse
the
whole
man
as
it
is
fit
.
As
for
mine
owne
selfe
,
if
I
were
to
make
any
thing
,
I
would
as
little
desire
to
be
like
unto
him
,
as
to
have
an
ill
nose
,
being
otherwise
graced
with
black
eyes
and
blacke
haire
.
school
was
a
place
not
far
from
the
so
called
because
one
had
his
gladiators
there
.
About
this
same
schoole
there
did
live
a
Statuarie
who
did
expresse
the
nailes
and
haire
passing
well
,
leaving
all
the
rest
imperfect
;
wherefore
hee
was
very
much
laughed
at
.
Nicias
,
yea
and
somewhat
preferred
before
him
Lib.
xxxv
.
cap.
He
was
more
austere
in
his
colours
,
and
yet
more
pleasant
in
his
austeritie
:
so
that
in
his
pictures
it selfe
there
did
appeare
some
kinde
of
learning
.
AN
image
though
it
expresseth
all
the
lines
of
truth
,
yet
doth
it
lacke
force
,
as
being
destitute
of
motion
,
Clay
wanteth
vigour
stones
want
colour
,
pictures
want
stiffenesse
,
and
every
one
of
these
want
motion
,
the
only
thing
which
representeth
a
similitude
most
faithfully
.
lib.
I.
cap.
III.
Cimon
Cleonaeus
Pliny
,
lib.
xxxv
.
cap.
There
is
but
small
grace
in
an
upright
bodie
,
all
cometh
to
this
,
that
the
face
befull
opposite
against
us
,
the
armes
hanging
downe
,
the
feet
joyned
close
together
,
and
that
the
whole
worke
from
the
highest
to
the
lowest
be
unmooveable
and
stiffe
:
that
same
winding
and
mooving
addeth
a
certaine
kinde
of
gesture
to
the
things
expressed
:
the
hands
therefore
are
not
alwayes
made
after
the
same
manner
,
and
the
countenance
is
changed
a
thousand
severall
wayes
:
some
bodies
represent
a
violent
force
in
running
;
some
doe
either
sit
or
lie
downe
;
some
are
naked
;
some
are
apparelled
;
some
are
halfe
naked
and
halfe
apparelled
.
What
is
there
,
I
pray
you
,
so
crookedly
distorted
and
painfully
belaboured
as
that
same
made
by
yet
if
any
man
dispraiseth
the
worke
because
it
seemeth
not
to
be
straight
enough
,
shall
not
that
man
instantly
betray
his
unskilfulnesse
in
matters
of
Art
,
seeing
that
same
noveltie
and
difficultie
is
therein
most
of
all
praise-worthie
?
Li.
xi
.
orat
.
instit
.
cap.
the
history
of
manners
Imitation
busieth
it selfe
most
of
all
about
the
expressing
of
manners
,
resembleth
a
demy-god
and
expresseth
many
motions
of
his
minde
,
if
a
man
doth
rightly
view
him
.
For
he
seemeth
lofty
,
stern
,
chearfull
,
and
of
an
able
body
for
all
the
delicacie
which
sheweth
it selfe
in
his
limbs
:
he
is
likewise
compleatly
beautifull
without
any
haire
;
and
hee
is
filled
with
such
a
lively
breath
,
as
to
invite
the
spectators
to
touch
him
.
an
Art
of
counterfeiting
manners
Ulysses
is
manifestly
discerned
by
his
austeritie
and
vigilancie
,
by
his
gentle
mildenesse
;
Agamemnon
by
a
certaine
kinde
of
divine
Majesty
;
in
you
may
see
the
picture
of
a
free
and
bold
spirit
is
knowne
by
his
grim
looke
by
his
ready
forwardnesse
a
royall
looke
sacred
and
reverend
looke
,
being
like
unto
one
that
was
ready
to
breathe
forth
some
Oracles
.
Li.
I.
ep.
a
certaine
kinde
of
grace
that
might
very
wel
become
a
Senator
.
the
true
countenance
and
posture
of
an
eloquent
man
,
II.
de
Pont.
Eleg.
Pan
;
his
very
posture
was
the
posture
of
an
artificer
.
Before
the
Altar
stood
the
statue
of
dedicated
by
the
Tyrant
;
one
of
the
most
accomplished
,
in
my
iudgement
,
that
ever
I
knew
.
It
is
a
yong
man
beautifull
even
to
admiration
:
his
haire
being
put
beside
the
forehead
,
hung
equally
divided
by
either
cheeke
.
Behind
,
the
haire
in
a
more
free
length
,
even
downe
to
the
shoulders
,
did
hide
his
faire
necke
;
yet
so
,
that
in
many
places
it
did
shine
betweene
the
locks
.
His
necke
full
,
his
cheeke
plumpe
and
smoothe
,
his
face
of
a
meane
proportion
.
His
posture
was
in
all
things
like
a
Musician
;
he
looked
upon
the
goddesse
as
if
he
sang
,
having
on
an
embroidered
coat
which
hung
downe
to
his
very
feet
,
with
a
Grecian
girdle
.
Both
his
armes
were
covered
with
a
cloake
to
the
wrists
.
All
other
accoutrements
were
gracefully
suited
to
the
person
.
He
had
his
instrument
close
fitted
to
an
embossed
belt
.
His
pliant
hands
attended
their
severall
charge
:
the
left
being
somewhat
advanced
,
did
with
divided
fingers
warble
the
strings
:
the
right
did
in
a
playing
gesture
apply
the
sticke
to
the
instrument
,
as
ready
to
strike
;
and
at
every
rest
in
the
hymne
,
the
song
seemed
most
sweetly
to
melt
from
his
round
mouth
,
his
lips
halfe
opening
with
the
endeavor
.
Aristides
Thebanus
Philoxenus
Eretrius
The
heate
of
our
stirred
thoughts
,
Lib.
X
,
orat
.
instit
.
cap.
doeth
most
commonly
do
more
in
these
things
than
diligence
.
in
art.
poët
Afflicted
folks
,
their
griefe
beeing
as
yet
fresh
,
seem
to
cry
out
some
things
most
eloquently
.
So
doth
anger
sometimes
make
unlearned
men
well
spoken
;
and
that
for
no
other
reason
,
but
because
the
force
of
their
thorowly
stirred
minde
worketh
in
them
the
truth
of
such
passions
.
If
therefore
we
do
desire
to
come
neer
the
truth
,
it
is
requisite
that
we
should
finde
our selves
even
so
affected
as
they
are
who
suffer
indeed
.
Nothing
can
be
inflamed
without
fire
;
nothing
can
wet
us
without
moisture
;
neither
is
there
ought
which
giveth
unto
another
thing
the
colour
it
hath
not
.
Whatsoever
therefore
wee
would
have
prevaile
with
others
,
must
first
prevaile
with
us
:
and
wee
shall
endeavor
in
vain
to
moove
others
,
unlesse
wee
do
finde
our selves
first
moved
.
But
how
shal
this
come
to
passe
that
we
should
be
mooved
,
seeing
these
commotions
are
not
in
our
power
?
Phantasie
doth
so
represent
unto
our
mind
the
images
of
things
absent
,
as
if
we
had
them
at
hand
,
and
saw
them
before
our
eyes
.
Whosoever
therefore
conceiveth
these
images
aright
,
propounding
unto
himselfe
the
truth
of
things
and
actions
,
the
same
is
likely
to
be
most
powerfull
in
all
manner
of
affections
:
seeing
his
endeavors
shall
bee
waited
upon
by
a
vertue
knowne
by
the
Greeke
name
calleth
it
This
vertue
seemeth
to
shew
the
whole
matter
;
and
it
bringeth
to
passe
,
that
the
affections
follow
us
with
such
a
lively
representation
,
as
if
we
were
by
at
the
doing
of
the
things
imagined
.
Plin.
xxxv
Plin.
xxxv
Cicero
lib.
de
Nat.
Deorum
Valer.
Maximus
lib.
Leontium
,
Epicurus
The
ancient
carvers
made
sometimes
with
a
drinking
pot
,
reeling
and
staggering
after
the
fashion
of
a
drunken
man
;
not
onely
because
he
is
reported
to
have
beene
a
great
drinker
,
but
also
&c.
Macrob
.
lib.
Saturnal
.
cap.
Diodorus
did
lay
the
Satyr
a
sleepe
,
and
not
engrave
him
,
Anthol
.
Graec.
Epigramm
you
shall
waken
him
,
if
you
stirre
him
never
so
little
.
Philostratus
Ariadne
,
behold
Ariadne
or
rather
sleepe
it selfe
the
Satyr
sleepeth
let
us
speake
softly
,
least
he
doe
awake
out
of
his
sleepe
,
and
spoile
the
whole
sight
.
would
expresse
the
quailing
of
his
mad
fit
,
together
with
his
repentance
,
for
having
throwne
downe
his
owne
sonne
he
mixed
iron
and
brasse
,
that
the
rustinesse
of
the
iron
shining
thorough
the
clearenesse
of
brasse
might
represent
a
shamefaced
rednesse
.
Plutarch
Plutarch
lib.
Sympos
.
quaest
dyeth
silver
also
,
that
it
might
behold
his
Anubis
in
the
vessells
:
silver
is
stained
there
,
not
engraven
:
the
materiall
is
turned
from
thence
to
the
triumphall
statues
,
and
it
is
wonderfull
that
the
price
of
a
darkened
brightnesse
should
be
so
much
heightened
.
the
Triumvir
his
pennies
were
mixed
with
iron
;
and
it
is
admirable
that
we
desire
nothing
so
much
in
this
Art
as
to
learne
the
way
of
corrupting
Art
:
these
adulterated
and
corrupted
pennies
are
most
greedily
sought
after
;
so
that
men
sticke
not
to
buy
one
falsified
pennie
with
many
good
ones
.
If
some
lead
be
added
to
the
brasse
of
there
is
made
a
purple
colour
in
the
borders
of
such
statues
as
have
that
kinde
of
gowne
which
was
called
Brasse
being
confounded
with
gold
and
silver
,
received
in
times
past
a
good
mixture
,
and
yet
was
the
Art
more
precious
:
whereas
now
it
may
be
questioned
whether
the
Art
or
the
materiall
be
worse
:
it
is
very
strange
that
the
Art
should
be
so
much
decayed
,
seeing
the
price
of
all
manner
of
rare
workemanship
is
infinitely
raised
.
Plinie
lib.
sub
finem
capitis
Septimi
The
stone
having
no
life
in
it selfe
,
hath
livelinesse
,
&c.
his
haire
is
so
gallant
and
maketh
such
a
jollie
shew
of
life
and
spirit
,
that
it
deceiveth
the
sense
,
&c
Anthol
.
Epigr.
Graec.
cap.
a
living
workmanship
the
very
bodies
themselves
and
not
the
marble
receive
the
true
prints
of
the
fingers
:
Pygmalion
standing
well
affected
to
the
fabricke
of
his
owne
hands
,
was
apt
to
perswade
himselfe
that
nothing
but
a
modest
shame
withheld
her
from
mooving
:
he
beleeved
that
his
fingers
did
sinke
into
the
touched
parts
;
fearing
least
her
bodie
might
grow
black
and
blew
where
it
should
be
pressed
somewhat
too
hard
.
you
would
thinke
the
Bull
to
be
a
true
Bull
,
and
the
Sea
to
be
the
true
Sea
.
Petronius
Arbiter
I
was
surprised
with
a
certaine
kind
of
horror
when
I
took
in
hand
his
rudiments
,
which
did
strive
with
the
truth
of
Nature
it selfe
.
Art
is
then
perfect
Dionisius
Longinus
when
shee
seemeth
to
be
Nature
.
for
having
perceived
that
his
emulators
were
like
to
prevaile
by
some
favour
prepared
with
great
sute
,
he
shewed
every
one
his
worke
unto
some
horses
that
were
brought
into
the
roome
:
but
the
horses
did
onely
neighe
to
his
horse
:
and
this
was
ever
after
held
to
be
a
triall
of
Art
:
Aelian
.
var.
hist.
lib.
Valer.
Maximus
lib.
A
certain
Painter
therefore
who
painted
cockes
most
unluckily
,
gave
his
boy
great
charge
,
to
chase
the
true
cockes
away
from
his
picture
.
an
unseasonable
and
vaine
passion
where
there
needs
no
passion
;
or
else
an
immoderate
passion
,
where
a
moderate
might
serve
the
turne
:
for
some
,
as
if
they
were
besotted
with
drink
,
use
many
passions
of
their
own
,
or
else
brought
out
of
the
schooles
,
never
regarding
whether
they
be
proper
for
the
matter
in
hand
.
Stobaeus
Eclog
.
physic
.
cap.
things
never
altering
their
shew
de
Providentiâ
doe
quickly
wearie
us
The
nature
of
man
cannot
name
any
other
thing
so
usefull
and
faire
as
order
,
every
good
thing
is
best
in
his
owne
place
,
Variarum
v.
and
whatsoever
is
praise-worthie
,
looseth
the
glory
it
hath
,
unlesse
it
doe
meete
with
his
right
place
.
The
matter
being
considered
of
aforehand
,
words
use
to
follow
with
an
unconstrained
facilitie
.
having
made
the
disposition
of
a
fable
,
though
he
had
not
yet
trimmed
it
up
with
verses
,
was
wont
to
say
that
he
had
alreadie
accomplished
it
.
Plinie
lib.
Wee
must
fix
our
minde
,
not
upon
one
thing
onely
,
but
upon
many
continued
things
at
once
:
even
as
when
we
cast
our
eyes
thorough
a
straight
way
,
wee
see
all
at
once
what
is
in
it
and
about
it
:
wee
doe
not
onely
see
the
end
,
but
to
the
end
.
Get
a
Painter
of
a
tragicall
hand
,
but
of
a
more
tragicall
minde
:
bid
him
keepe
that
order
in
his
picture
,
which
was
the
order
of
my
mis-fortunes
,
&c.
vide
locum
.
Picture
pourtrayeth
what
is
alreadie
done
,
what
is
adoing
,
and
what
as
yet
is
to
be
done
Iconum
lib.
in
Bospore
not
by
their
multitude
slightly
passing
over
the
truth
,
but
perfiting
in
every
one
of
these
things
what
is
most
proper
for
them
,
as
if
shee
busied
her selfe
but
about
that
same
one
thing
.
Wee
are
e-ever
to
beginne
with
what
is
chiefe
,
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
neither
doth
any
man
,
that
is
to
make
a
picture
or
statue
,
take
his
beginning
at
the
feet
The
Painter
hath
shed
a
mist
about
the
other
things
,
Iconum
lib.
in
Insulis
that
they
might
rather
resemble
things
alreadie
done
,
then
things
that
are
a
doing
.
though
Nature
doth
very
often
suffer
Art
to
emulate
her
strength
,
Valer.
Maximus
yet
sometimes
doth
shee
frustrate
and
shame
the
Art
tired
with
an
unprofitable
toile
.
his
hand
felt
this
:
for
when
he
did
paint
the
twelve
Gods
at
he
did
bestow
the
most
excellent
colours
of
majestie
upon
image
,
intending
to
make
his
picture
somewhat
more
majesticall
;
but
having
spent
the
wholforce
of
his
thoughts
about
the
former
worke
,
he
could
never
raise
his
latter
endeavours
to
the
intended
height
.
A
poore
and
ridiculous
Painter
who
kn●w
almost
nothing
else
but
how
to
paint
a
Cypresse
tree
,
being
desired
by
one
that
had
suffered
shipwracke
,
to
draw
him
,
and
the
whole
resemblance
of
his
most
miserable
mis-fortune
,
asked
instantly
,
whether
he
would
not
have
a
Cypresse
tree
painted
among
the
rest
.
Orat.
instit
.
li.
i●
,
cap.
are
meer
refuges
to
shelter
our
infirmitie
:
even
as
they
who
canot
make
their
course
good
by
running
out-right
,
are
put
to
it
to
help
themselves
by
turning
and
winding
.
like
unto
a
servingman
newly
inriched
with
an
inheritance
lately
left
him
by
his
Master
,
that
knows
not
how
to
put
on
a
goodly
coat
handsomely
,
and
transgresseth
the
lawes
of
banqueting
upon
every
occasion
,
falling
hastily
to
his
victuals
,
as
if
he
meant
to
burst
his
belly
with
some
plain
houshold
pottage
and
course
salt
meats
:
wheras
he
might
very
well
feed
upon
pullets
,
pork
,
hare
.
Being
like
unto
some
small
creatures
,
Orat.
in
stit
.
li.
xii
.
cap.
which
are
exceeding
quick
and
nimble
in
narrow
places
,
but
are
caught
in
an
open
field
.
the
painter
maintained
De
elocut
That
it
is
no
small
part
of
the
art
of
painting
,
to
take
a
matter
sufficiently
great
,
and
so
to
paint
,
without
mincing
the
art
into
small
parcels
,
as
little
birds
or
flowers
.
Hee
held
therefore
that
a
rare
workman
had
better
busie
his
skill
about
some
famous
horse-battels
or
sea-fights
,
wherein
many
severall
postures
of
horses
might
be
expressed
,
some
running
,
some
standing
upright
,
some
falling
downe
upon
their
knees
;
some
horsemen
also
shooting
,
some
falling
downe
to
the
ground
.
For
he
was
of
opinion
,
that
the
argument
it selfe
is
as
well
a
part
of
Picture
,
as
Fables
are
granted
to
be
a
part
of
Poësie
.
Where
naked
joynts
are
propounded
it
is
instantly
manifest
,
if
either
the
number
or
the
order
have
not
their
due
.
Quintil.
xii
Paulus
Silentarius
,
lib.
IV
,
Graec.
Epigrammatum
,
cap.
Dionysius
Longinus
de
sublimi
Oratione
was
wont
to
paint
greatmatters
in
the
middest
of
some
garlands
and
labels
,
even
as
if
they
had
been
some
childish
recreations
and
pastimes
,
They
do
not
study
to
produce
smoke
out
of
light
,
but
light
out
of
smoke
,
to
the
end
that
they
might
effect
specious
miracles
.
I
shall
take
ordinary
matters
in
hand
,
that
every
one
may
hope
to
doe
the
same
.
And
yet
is
he
likely
to
sweat
much
,
and
to
lose
all
his
labour
,
whosoever
dareth
attempt
it
:
so
much
grace
doe
mean
and
ordinary
things
receive
from
a
good
and
orderly
cannexion
.
Let
perspicuitie
shew
it self
every
where
in
the
worke
,
procured
by
the
mutuall
connexion
of
things
:
for
it
will
make
every
thing
compleat
and
perfect
.
The
first
being
wrought
,
bringeth
in
the
second
which
followeth
:
and
this
second
is
so
linked
together
with
the
first
:
that
there
is
no
interruption
between
them
both
;
no
more
are
they
severall
narrations
joyned
together
,
seeing
the
first
doth
keepe
such
good
neighborhood
and
correspondence
with
the
second
,
that
their
extremities
communicate
and
mix
themselves
one
with
another
.
This
was
accounted
a
very
famous
deed
,
the
painter
made
the
battell
most
apparantly
to
be
seen
,
for
the
good
disposition
used
in
the
worke
.
Good
gods
how
wonderfull
and
how
sweet
is
the
perspicuitie
of
the
picture
!
it
is
easie
to
see
therein
every
one
his
fortune
.
The
seat
suddenly
made
of
nets
cast
in
heapes
,
receiveth
the
chiefest
masters
of
the
sport
,
which
are
five
.
You
cannot
but
marke
the
middlemost
,
how
he
row
sing
himselfe
turneth
to
his
fellowes
,
as
if
he
meant
to
acquaint
them
with
what
he
had
done
,
and
how
he
had
first
thrown
down
one
of
the
Deere
,
&c.
Lib.
xxxv
.
cap.
was
mightily
taken
with
Asclepiodorus
his
Symmetry
.
Apelles
could
not
come
neere
measures
,
that
is
,
what
distance
there
ought
to
be
betweene
figure
and
figure
,
When
the
Artificers
put
many
figures
together
upon
one
boord
,
Li.
viii
.
c.
they
distinguish
them
by
their
severall
places
,
lest
the
shadows
should
fall
upon
the
bodies
.
these
places
Lib.
ix
,
c.
being
here
of
great
force
,
doe
not
admit
any
other
judgement
but
the
judgement
of
our
eyes
.
Let
us
consider
the
laborious
paine
of
the
painter
,
Icon.
lib.
in
Pelope
for
it
is
no
small
trouble
,
in
my
opinion
,
to
geare
foure
horses
together
,
and
not
so
much
as
to
confound
any
of
their
legges
,
howsoever
their
gentlenesse
be
not
without
fiercenesse
.
The
one
standeth
stil
,
shewing
himself
loth
to
stand
:
the
other
goeth
about
to
carvet
.
In
the
third
you
may
see
a
ready
willingnesse
to
obey
.
The
fourth
rejoyceth
in
his
beauty
,
inlarging
his
nosthrils
as
if
he
were
a
neighing
,
&c.
The
painters
device
is
very
sweet
and
pleasant
,
Icon.
lib.
in
Menaec
for
having
filled
the
city
wals
with
armed
men
,
he
maketh
it
so
,
that
some
are
seen
at
their
ful
length
,
the
legs
of
some
are
hidden
,
others
do
but
shew
their
halfe
bodies
,
their
breasts
,
their
heads
,
their
head-pieces
,
their
spear-heads
.
These
things
are
nothing
els
but
a
certaine
kinde
of
Proportion
,
seeing
the
eye
must
be
beguiled
after
this
manner
whilst
it
passeth
on
through
and
with
a
convenient
distance
of
such
circles
.
not
in
one
round
,
but
with
many
and
severall
turnings
,
some
parts
of
it
were
seen
in
the
water
,
refusing
to
be
accurately
discerned
by
reason
of
their
deepnesse
;
some
againe
did
rise
to
such
a
height
,
that
any
one
who
is
unexperienced
in
sea
matters
,
would
have
taken
them
for
little
Islands
,
&c.
The
colours
of
the
fishes
appear
in
the
azure-coloured
sea
,
the
uppermost
seem
to
be
black
:
the
next
to
them
come
somwhat
short
of
that
blacknes
:
the
rest
deceiveth
our
fight
,
being
first
shadowy
,
then
waterish
,
and
at
length
conceivable
only
.
For
our
sight
descending
deep
into
the
water
,
groweth
dim
,
and
will
not
suffer
us
to
discern
accuratly
what
is
underneath
.
SOme
things
,
though
they
are
very
pleasing
in
their
severall
parts
,
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
yet
doth
not
the
whole
accord
with
the
parts
.
the
aire
of
the
picture
Philip
Sidney
in
the
third
Booke
of
his
Arcadia
.
In
Nerone
,
cap.
to
be
fairer
:
she
is
in
my
opinion
,
white
,
tall
,
and
streight
.
These
particulars
I
do
confesse
;
as
for
the
whole
,
that
she
should
be
beautifull
,
I
deny
that
;
seeing
in
such
a
great
body
of
hers
there
is
no
comelinesse
at
all
,
no
not
one
crum
of
pleasantnesse
.
is
beautifull
indeed
;
for
as
shee
is
perfectly
fair
,
so
hath
she
likewise
stollen
away
all
manner
of
graces
from
them
that
are
most
beautifull
.
Lib.
iv
.
Eleg.
Lib.
xi
.
Epigr.
Whatsoever
is
excessive
is
faulty
Orat.
instit
.
li.
viii
.
cap.
Whatsoever
doth
not
become
the
matter
,
cannot
please
,
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
Every
thing
therefore
which
filleth
the
nature
of
the
matter
well
enough
,
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
loseth
the
grace
it
hath
,
unlesse
it
be
tempered
with
a
certaine
kinde
of
moderation
:
and
a
man
may
sooner
feele
the
observation
of
this
point
in
his
own
privat
judgement
,
than
learne
it
by
precepts
.
What
is
sufficient
,
and
how
much
the
present
argument
may
receive
,
cannot
be
prescribed
by
measure
and
weight
;
seeing
it
is
here
as
it
is
with
meats
,
the
one
filleth
us
more
than
another
.
at
least
that
they
might
not
mis-become
them
,
de
Oratore
for
this
is
most
of
all
to
be
avoided
,
and
it
is
not
easie
to
give
precepts
of
this
one
thing
.
sayth
often
in
my
hearing
,
that
to
become
is
the
principal
point
of
art
,
and
this
is
the
only
thing
which
cannot
be
procured
by
Art
.
Nothing
can
be
effected
without
art
,
and
decencie
doth
alwayes
accompany
Art
.
Do
we
not
see
how
those
darts
fly
most
handsomly
,
which
are
hurled
out
most
cunningly
?
Such
archers
likewise
as
have
the
surest
hand
,
use
withall
to
loose
their
arrowes
in
a
more
comely
manner
,
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
in
this
nature
it self
there
shall
be
some
kind
of
art
,
Dionysius
Halicarnassensis
either
a
certaine
felicitie
of
Nature
,
or
a
worke
of
labour
and
Art
,
or
else
a
habit
and
facultie
arising
out
of
the
mixture
of
them
both
:
Dionysius
Longinus
the
perfection
consisteth
in
a
mutuall
coherence
of
these
two
:
Apelles
did
also
take
on
him
another
praise
,
when
he
did
admire
his
worke
done
with
excessive
paines
and
too
much
care
:
for
he
said
that
in
all
other
things
was
equall
with
him
,
or
rather
better
then
he
thought
himselfe
to
be
:
but
that
in
one
thing
was
farre
inferior
to
him
,
because
he
knew
not
when
to
hold
his
hand
:
insinuating
by
this
memorable
precept
,
that
too
much
diligence
is
oftentimes
hurtfull
.
Plutarch
the
verses
of
and
the
pictures
of
who
both
were
having
vehemencie
and
intension
,
seeme
to
be
forcibly
expressed
and
too
much
belaboured
:
but
his
pictures
and
his
verses
have
this
also
besides
all
the
other
efficacie
and
grace
which
is
in
them
,
that
you
would
thinke
them
made
out
of
hand
with
much
ease
.
Wee
are
to
consider
in
every
thing
,
How
farre
forth
it
is
to
be
followed
,
for
although
every
thing
ought
to
consist
within
its
owne
measure
;
what
is
too
much
useth
for
all
that
to
offend
us
more
,
than
what
is
too
little
.
therefore
was
wont
to
say
,
that
those
Painters
mistake
themselves
in
this
point
,
who
know
not
what
is
enough
.
Apollodorus
a
most
accomplished
worke
but
that
diligence
defaceth
in
it
the
whole
Grace
of
the
workmanship
.
doe
laugh
and
fall
downe
Iconum
lib.
in
Amoribus
one
on
his
side
,
another
on
his
face
,
some
on
their
backes
,
and
all
of
them
in
postures
shewing
how
they
missed
their
prey
.
learning
,
studie
,
and
exercitation
had
first
enabled
him
with
this
Facilitie
,
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
A
plaine
and
unaffected
simplicitie
is
commendable
for
a
certain
kinde
of
pure
ornament
it
hath
,
and
for
a
certain
kind
of
neatnesse
which
seemeth
to
proceed
out
of
a
slender
diligence
,
and
is
lovely
even
in
women
.
Var.
hist.
lib.
there
is
a
certaine
kind
of
negligent
diligence
,
so
doth
want
of
ornament
make
many
women
more
comely
.
Amending
it selfe
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
must
have
an
end
:
there
are
some
which
return
to
every
part
of
their
worke
,
as
if
all
were
faultie
;
they
thinke
better
of
every
thing
which
is
not
the
same
,
even
as
if
it
were
unlawfull
that
the
first
conceits
should
ever
be
good
:
they
doe
altogether
follow
the
practice
of
those
Physicians
which
seeke
worke
by
slashing
and
cutting
what
was
sound
and
whole
:
it
falleth
out
therefore
that
their
workes
are
full
of
skars
,
void
of
bloud
,
and
never
a
whit
the
better
for
all
the
care
bestowed
upon
them
.
It
is
then
fit
that
there
should
be
something
at
length
which
might
please
us
,
or
at
least
content
us
;
that
all
our
filing
might
be
found
rather
to
polish
the
worke
then
to
weare
it
out
:
Plinie
lib.
Art
of
painting
But
we
cannot
endure
this
Orat.
instit
.
lib.
Quintilian
,
and
we
thinke
the
Art
lost
,
unlesse
it
doe
appeare
;
whereas
it
doth
rather
cease
to
be
an
Art
,
when
it
is
too
apparent
.
Ovid
the
greatnesse
of
admiration
leaving
no
place
for
many
applauses
,
Incredible
things
finde
no
voice
somethings
are
greater
,
then
that
any
mans
discourse
should
be
able
to
compasse
them
.
I
fell
into
a
sweat
for
the
very
horror
and
perplexitie
of
my
mind
:
I
felt
my
soule
so
much
touched
with
the
lively
sense
of
delightsomnesse
,
that
it
was
not
in
my
power
to
goe
home
;
and
when
I
went
,
I
found
my selfe
forced
to
caste
backe
mine
eyes
now
and
then
to
the
sight
.
the
Cupids
that
are
a
sawing
,
surpasse
all
apprehension
and
art
which
may
be
performed
by
the
hands
of
men
and
by
colours
:
marke
well
,
I
pray
you
,
the
sawe
goeth
into
the
wood
,
and
is
now
alreadie
drawne
thorough
it
:
these
Cupids
draw
it
;
and
one
of
them
standeth
on
the
ground
,
the
other
upon
a
frame
,
&c.
Philostratus
,
Iconum
lib.
in
Pasiphaë
you
cannot
but
wonder
at
the
bees
,
so
delicatly
painted
,
&c.
Philostratus
,
Iconum
lib.
in
Pindaro
to
represent
the
spider
so
delicatly
after
the
life
,
and
to
paint
her
laborious
net
,
is
the
worke
of
a
good
Artificer
,
and
of
such
a
one
as
is
well
acquainted
with
the
truth
of
things
&c.
Philostratus
Iconum
lib.
in
Telis
her
nailes
are
sweeter
than
any
picture
.
Philostratus
Iconum
lib.
in
Panthiâ
Philostra
.
junior
in
Venatoribus
the
dancing
Nymphs
are
most
divinely
expressed
.
Philostratus
Iconum
lib.
in
Venere
which
may
sooner
be
conceived
than
seene
.
Philostr
.
junior
in
Ludibundis
.
there
did
shine
in
her
such
notable
signes
of
the
passion
,
tempered
by
an
unspeakable
way
of
art
.
Callistratus
in
Bacchae
statuâ
.
Narcissus
it
cannot
be
expressed
with
words
,
how
a
stone
should
be
so
loosened
as
to
represent
the
good
plight
of
youthfull
vigour
,
exhibiting
a
bodie
contrary
to
its
owne
substance
:
for
being
of
a
more
solide
nature
,
it
engendreth
in
our
minde
the
sense
of
a
soft
and
delicate
tendernesse
,
being
gently
diffused
and
made
to
rise
after
the
manner
of
a
swelling
bodie
.
Callistratus
in
Narcissi
statuâ
.
Cupid
;
doe
not
you
see
,
how
the
brasse
admitteth
a
tender
fluidnesse
,
unfeisably
foregoing
the
hardnesse
of
his
nature
and
suffering
it selfe
to
be
softened
to
the
likenesse
of
a
full-fleshed
bodie
?
Callistratus
in
primâ
descriptione
Cupidinis
Praxitelici
.
The
hand
of
Myron
Statius
Papinius
played
in
brasse
.
Myron
the
Painter
playeth
youthfully
We
did
speak
hitherto
Li.
●xxv
.
cap.
of
the
dignitie
of
the
dying
Art
:
a
dying
Art
lib.
II.
cap
We
are
to
follow
our
own
nature
,
de
Offic.
and
we
are
to
measure
our
studies
by
the
rule
of
our
nature
:
for
it
is
to
no
purpose
,
that
we
should
strive
against
nature
,
and
follow
a
thing
we
canot
attain
to
.
This
makes
it
also
more
appear
,
what
maner
of
comlinesse
this
is
,
seeing
nothing
can
be
decent
&
comly
in
spight
(
as
the
common
saying
is
)
of
Minerva
,
that
is
,
our
nature
not
giving
way
to
it
.
Upon
this
contemplation
we
had
need
to
examine
what
every
one
hath
of
his
own
,
&
to
make
use
of
that
,
without
trying
any
further
how
the
things
which
are
peculiar
to
other
men
might
becom
us
:
for
that
becoms
every
man
best
,
what
is
most
his
own
.
Let
every
man
therefore
know
his
owne
nature
,
and
be
a
severe
judge
of
what
is
good
and
bad
in
himselfe
;
lest
the
Scenicall
artificers
peradventure
might
seem
warier
than
we
:
seeing
they
doe
not
always
chuse
the
best
fables
,
but
such
as
are
fittest
for
them
.
They
that
do
rely
upon
their
voyce
,
chuse
They
that
do
rely
upon
their
gesture
,
chuse
did
alwayes
act
did
seldom
act
Ajax
.
We
shall
therefore
chiefely
bestow
our
labour
about
these
things
,
to
the
which
we
do
find
our selves
aptest
.
If
in
the
mean
time
one
or
other
necessary
occasion
driveth
us
to
those
things
which
are
somwhat
abhorring
from
our
nature
,
wee
are
then
to
bend
all
our
care
,
meditation
,
diligence
,
that
we
might
do
these
things
,
if
not
decently
,
yet
with
as
little
undecency
as
possibly
can
be
;
studying
always
more
to
shun
faults
,
than
to
hunt
after
such
vertues
as
are
not
affoorded
us
by
nature
.
De
divin
.
lection
.
ca.
De
subl
.
Orat
We
see
the
skil
of
invention
,
the
order
and
disposition
of
things
,
as
it
sheweth
it self
,
not
in
one
or
two
parts
only
,
but
in
the
whole
composition
of
the
worke
,
and
that
hardly
too
.
It
is
their
duty
that
they
should
teach
;
it
is
for
their
owne
credit
that
they
should
delight
;
it
is
altogether
requisite
that
they
should
moove
and
stirre
our
minde
.
Witty
things
teach
us
:
curious
things
delight
us
:
grave
things
moove
us
:
and
he
is
the
best
Artist
,
who
is
best
provided
of
all
these
things
.
Whosoever
on
the
contrary
is
meanly
provided
of
them
,
he
is
but
a
meane
one
;
even
as
he
is
the
worst
who
hath
small
store
of
them
:
for
naughty
painters
are
in
this
sence
as
well
called
Painters
,
as
the
best
.
If
any
one
in
the
meane
time
studying
to
be
grave
,
loseth
the
opinion
of
wit
:
or
if
on
the
contrary
,
he
had
rather
seem
witty
than
gorgeous
;
the
same
,
though
he
may
be
reckoned
among
them
that
are
tolerable
,
yet
is
he
none
of
the
better
sort
;
seeing
that
is
best
onely
,
what
hath
all
manner
of
praises
.
The
good
doth
somtimes
slumber
and
oversee
himselfe
,
Let
the
nature
of
man
be
never
so
perfect
,
yet
can
she
not
please
in
all
things
:
Whosoever
mixeth
profit
with
pleasure
the
same
doth
hit
the
principall
point
of
art
.
Yet
are
there
some
oversights
that
deserve
our
pardon
.
Lute
strings
,
do
not
alwayes
sound
as
our
hand
and
minde
would
have
them
,
but
they
yeeld
us
very
often
a
sharpe
note
,
when
we
looke
for
a
flat
one
.
A
bow
doth
not
alwaies
hit
what
we
aime
at
.
Even
so
where
there
are
many
things
that
do
excell
in
the
worke
and
make
it
shine
.
I
shal
never
be
offended
at
a
few
spots
,
caused
either
by
heedlesnesse
,
or
else
by
that
weaknesse
which
is
incident
to
the
nature
of
man
.
Though
every
one
of
us
useth
in
the
ordinary
course
of
banquets
to
forbeare
many
dishes
,
yet
do
we
all
commend
the
whole
feast
:
neither
do
the
meats
our
stomack
refuseth
,
lessen
the
pleasure
of
what
we
like
.
Whether
we
do
note
blame-worthy
or
excellent
things
.
All
men
perceive
what
sheweth
it selfe
above
other
;
but
it
is
to
be
discerned
by
a
most
earnest
intention
of
the
minde
,
whether
that
be
excessive
or
lofty
,
whether
it
be
high
or
enormous
and
altogether
out
of
square
.
Our
sight
,
that
it
may
plainly
discern
what
it
seeth
De
Naturâ
hominis
,
cap.
standeth
in
need
of
foure
things
;
it
requireth
a
sound
instrument
of
seeing
,
some
stirring
or
changing
of
place
,
answerable
to
the
proportion
of
the
things
which
are
to
be
seen
;
a
just
distance
,
a
pure
and
clear
light
.
Alex.
Aphrodisiensis
Arist.
li.
II
,
de
Animâ
.
Every
one
is
not
able
to
judge
well
of
every
thing
,
but
such
a
one
as
is
skilfull
,
and
well
disposed
to
it
by
nature
.
Aphlegmaticke
eye
is
well
pleased
with
shady
and
dul
colours
,
We
may
then
trust
our
sences
best
,
Academ
.
quaest
when
we
find
them
to
be
sound
and
healthy
,
and
when
all
those
things
are
remooved
that
may
hinder
them
.
We
do
therfore
change
the
light
often
,
we
change
the
scituation
also
of
the
things
we
mean
to
see
;
we
do
deduct
and
contract
the
distances
,
leaving
nothing
unattempted
that
may
assure
unto
us
the
judgment
of
our
eyes
.
we
doe
set
well
painted
pieces
,
in
a
good
light
because
that
part
of
the
aire
is
never
inlightned
nor
darkned
too
much
,
Galleries
for
pictures
,
embroidering
houses
,
and
painters
shops
,
must
look
towards
the
North
,
that
the
colours
in
their
worke
,
in
regard
of
the
constant
light
,
might
seem
to
keep
the
same
quality
.
Some
pictures
take
us
most
when
we
stand
nearer
,
others
when
we
stand
further
off
:
some
love
duskie
places
,
others
wil
be
seen
in
a
full
light
,
nothing
at
all
fearing
the
sharp
censures
of
a
peremptory
judge
:
some
please
us
if
we
do
but
once
view
them
,
others
if
we
take
them
ten
times
in
hand
.
Although
the
several
circumstances
of
all
arts
,
and
almost
of
our
whole
life
,
are
occasioned
by
the
ministery
of
our
senses
,
Li.
I.
Music
.
cap.
yet
is
there
no
certainty
of
judgement
,
nor
apprehension
of
truth
in
our
sences
,
if
they
are
not
accompanied
with
reason
.
For
our
sense
is
alike
corrupted
with
what
is
too
great
and
too
small
;
seeing
it
canot
perceive
the
least
things
by
reason
of
their
smalnesse
,
and
it
is
often
confounded
with
the
greatest
.
is
a
faculty
Li.
v.
ca.
by
the
which
we
do
weigh
with
our
sence
and
with
reason
,
the
differences
betweene
high
and
low
tunes
.
Sence
doth
confusedly
marke
what
commeth
nearest
unto
the
thing
perceived
;
but
Reason
discerneth
the
sincerity
therof
,
and
busieth
it selfe
about
the
severall
differences
.
Sence
therefore
as
it
findeth
confused
things
,
and
things
approaching
unto
the
truth
,
so
doth
it
receive
his
integritie
from
reason
:
but
reason
,
as
it
findeth
the
integritie
,
so
doth
it
receive
from
sense
a
confused
similitude
and
a
similitude
approaching
unto
the
truth
:
for
sense
conceiveth
no
integritie
,
but
cometh
as
neere
as
can
be
:
reason
on
the
contrary
doth
discerne
and
determine
:
Saturnal
.
cap.
Thebes
;
But
these
belong
to
another
discourse
,
seeing
the
picture
biddeth
us
looke
upon
alone
,
as
he
flieth
under
the
earth
with
his
very
garlands
,
and
with
his
very
laurell
,
&c.
Panthia
;
as
for
the
Citie
walls
,
and
the
fired
houses
,
and
the
faire
Lydian
women
,
the
may
carry
and
take
what
can
be
taken
.
dying
for
his
sake
,
seeing
the
picture
doth
intend
that
,
are
left
to
our
consideration
as
being
the
chiefest
argument
in
hand
.
not
to
goe
over
every
little
thing
,
it
will
be
best
to
speake
of
such
matters
as
may
deserve
our
discourse
,
&c.
if
any
man
doth
not
see
the
whole
beauty
of
the
which
is
so
great
and
so
wonderfull
,
if
he
doth
not
commend
it
,
nor
report
it
to
others
that
are
ignorant
of
it
,
but
stumbleth
upon
the
handsome
workmanship
of
his
well-carved
foot-stoole
and
upon
his
well-proportioned
pantofle
,
rehearsing
these
things
very
carefully
;
would
not
you
thinke
him
like
unto
a
man
that
doth
not
see
the
rose
it selfe
,
but
fixeth
his
whole
contemplation
upon
the
thornes
and
prickles
which
grow
neere
the
roote
?
Behold
how
the
brothers
sweat
under
a
venerable
burden
,
and
how
mount
it selfe
,
wondering
at
such
an
attempt
,
keepeth
his
wandering
flames
from
them
.
Though
they
support
their
parents
with
their
neckes
,
yet
doe
they
uphold
them
with
their
hands
,
confidently
lifting
up
their
heads
&
hastening
their
pace
.
The
olde
couple
is
mounted
up
on
high
and
carried
by
two
sonnes
,
entangling
them
with
a
sweet
and
lovely
let
.
Doe
not
you
see
how
the
old
man
pointeth
to
the
fire
?
how
the
frighted
mother
calleth
upon
the
Gods
?
Feare
setteth
their
haire
on
end
,
the
mettall
it selfe
growing
pale
in
their
amazed
countenances
.
You
may
see
in
the
young
men
a
most
couragious
horror
,
being
fearelesse
for
themselves
,
though
fearefull
for
their
burden
:
their
cloakes
are
borne
backe
by
the
winde
:
one
of
them
lifteh
up
his
right
hand
,
being
content
to
hold
his
father
with
the
left
:
the
other
foldeth
both
his
hands
in
a
knot
,
remembring
how
the
weaker
sexe
was
to
be
saved
by
a
more
warie
toile
.
It
must
not
goe
unobserved
,
what
the
hands
of
the
Artificer
brought
quietly
to
passe
in
the
worke
:
for
though
their
consanguinitie
maketh
them
very
like
one
another
;
the
one
for
all
that
cometh
neerest
unto
the
mother
,
the
other
unto
the
father
:
their
unlike
yeares
receive
such
a
temperature
by
the
skill
of
Art
,
that
the
parents
are
represented
in
each
of
their
countenances
:
and
the
workman
making
a
new
difference
between
two
neerely
resembling
brothers
,
hath
distinguished
their
countenances
by
the
effects
of
their
pietie
.
our
remembrance
is
a
quicke
and
easie
thing
,
Maximus
Tyrius
for
as
bodies
that
are
easily
mooved
must
first
be
stirred
by
a
hand
or
any
thing
which
setteth
them
a
going
,
and
having
once
received
such
a
beginning
of
their
motion
,
they
keepe
it
for
a
good
while
:
even
so
the
mind
,
having
received
of
sense
a
small
beginning
of
remembrance
,
runneth
on
infinitly
,
remembring
all
what
is
to
be
remembred
.
Our
senses
therefore
,
which
stand
as
it
were
at
the
entry
of
the
mind
,
having
received
the
beginning
of
any
thing
,
and
having
proffered
it
to
the
mind
;
the
mind
likewise
receiveth
this
beginning
,
and
goeth
over
all
what
followeth
:
the
lower
part
of
a
long
and
slender
pike
being
but
lightly
shaken
,
the
motion
runneth
thorough
the
whole
length
of
the
pike
,
even
to
the
speares-head
;
and
whosoever
shaketh
the
beginning
of
a
long
stretched
out
rope
,
sendeth
the
motion
to
the
ropes
end
;
so
doth
our
mind
need
but
a
small
beginning
to
the
remembrance
of
the
whole
matter
.
Libanius
orat
The
sound
of
the
trumpet
possessed
the
phantasies
of
the
spectators
with
a
more
lively
impression
of
a
man
desperately
sallying
out
to
ayd
his
Countrey
.
Will
you
,
good
youth
Iconum
lib.
in
Insulis
that
wee
discourse
about
these
Ilands
as
out
of
a
ship
,
even
as
if
wee
did
saile
round
about
them
in
the
spring-time
,
when
refresheth
the
Sea
,
gently
stirring
it
with
a
coole
blast
of
his
owne
?
To
the
end
therefore
that
you
might
willingly
forget
the
shore
,
and
that
you
might
take
all
this
to
be
the
sea
;
not
a
swelling
and
boisterous
one
;
neither
altogether
quiet
and
calme
;
but
a
navigable
sea
and
filled
with
a
good
gale
of
winde
;
behold
,
wee
are
embarked
already
,
&c.
the
last
brood
of
great
experience
,
Dionys
.
Longinus
The
best
marke
of
a
gracefull
elegancie
consisteth
in
a
certaine
kinde
of
feeling
wee
can
give
no
account
of
,
Dionys
.
Halicarnassensis
so
doth
this
same
unexpressible
feeling
require
great
exercitation
,
and
a
continuall
instruction
familiarly
given
by
word
of
mouth
:
neither
can
Carvers
and
Painters
,
unlesse
perchance
they
have
gotten
great
experience
by
exercising
their
sight
a
good
while
about
the
workes
of
ancient
Masters
,
discerne
them
easily
:
no
more
can
they
assuredly
say
,
unlesse
perchance
they
have
received
it
by
fame
,
this
is
this
is
this
is
his
worke
:
and
againe
,
this
is
this
is
this
is
his
hand
Let
twins
be
never
so
like
one
unto
another
,
Academ
.
quaest
the
mother
for
all
that
discerneth
them
by
a
meere
consuetude
or
accustomance
of
her
eyes
;
and
you
shall
in
like
manner
be
able
to
know
the
one
from
the
other
,
if
you
doe
but
enure
and
accustome
your
eyes
to
it
.
Egges
have
such
a
neere
resemblance
one
with
another
,
that
their
similitude
is
turned
into
a
proverbe
;
yet
doe
wee
heare
it
reported
that
many
at
before
it
was
ruined
,
feeding
a
multitude
of
hennes
for
gaine
,
were
so
well
skilled
in
their
trade
as
to
know
every
egge
upon
sight
,
distinctly
telling
what
henne
had
laid
it
studie
to
exercise
their
unexpressible
feeling
to
this
exactnesse
with
the
expence
of
much
time
,
with
a
continuall
practice
,
and
by
the
means
of
a
secret
passion
no
bodie
can
give
any
account
of
,
Dionys
.
Halicarnassensis
As
it
is
not
enough
to
take
a
singular
delight
in
musicall
songs
,
Li.
I.
Mus.
cap.
unlesse
we
doe
likewise
learne
the
proportionable
joyning
of
many
voices
into
one
;
so
cannot
skilfull
men
content
themselves
with
a
bare
contemplation
of
colours
and
figures
,
unlesse
they
doe
furthermore
conceive
their
peculiar
properties
.
Originals
have
in
themselves
a
naturall
grace
and
vigor
,
but
Copies
,
though
they
attaine
to
the
height
of
imitation
,
have
alwayes
something
,
which
being
studied
,
doth
not
proceed
out
of
nature
:
and
Rhetoricians
doe
not
onely
discerne
Rhetoricians
by
this
precept
,
but
painters
doe
alsi
by
this
rule
distinguish
his
works
from
their
works
that
imitate
him
.
This
is
likewise
the
way
for
Statuaries
,
to
finde
out
his
statues
:
and
for
Carvers
to
know
his
images
A
copy
doth
alwayes
differ
from
the
originall
,
It
may
not
be
doubted
,
but
truth
hath
alwayes
the
better
of
imitation
,
An
imitator
doth
never
come
neer
the
first
author
.
This
is
the
nature
of
things
:
a
similitude
commeth
ever
far
short
of
that
truth
which
is
in
the
things
themselves
,
Whatsoever
is
like
unto
another
thing
,
Li
,
x.
ca.
is
nothing
neere
so
good
as
the
thing
it
doth
imitate
.
What
we
take
for
a
pattern
,
containeth
in
it selfe
the
nature
and
true
force
of
the
things
themselves
;
the
imitation
on
the
contrary
is
but
counterfeit
,
and
forced
to
accommodate
it selfe
to
another
mans
intent
.
represent
a
faire
and
absolute
face
most
commonly
to
the
worst
,
Li.
v.
ep
For
as
it
is
hard
to
hit
a
similitude
after
the
life
,
so
is
the
imitation
of
an
imitation
much
more
hard
and
difficult
.
Nothing
commendeth
pictures
so
much
Li.
viii
,
c.
as
that
authoritie
given
them
by
age
,
which
no
art
can
imitate
.
even
as
men
use
to
adore
groves
consecrated
for
their
antiquity
,
Li.
x.
cap.
in
which
the
great
and
antient
stumps
do
not
so
much
draw
our
eyes
with
their
pleasant
shew
,
as
with
a
religious
horrour
that
striketh
the
heart
of
the
beholders
.
Antiquity
is
in
great
estimation
with
me
,
neither
doe
I
so
much
require
what
she
wanteth
,
as
I
doe
commend
what
shee
hath
;
seeing
I
hold
the
things
she
hath
,
farre
better
than
the
things
she
wanteth
.
It
is
no
easie
thing
to
tel
the
cause
why
we
are
soonest
of
all
by
a
certaine
kinde
of
loathing
and
sacietie
,
abalienated
from
such
things
as
do
at
the
first
sight
very
much
delight
and
vehemently
stir
our
sences
.
How
much
more
flour
shing
are
all
things
for
their
gaynesse
and
variety
in
new
pictures
than
in
old
ones
?
These
things
for
all
that
,
though
wee
are
at
the
first
very
much
taken
with
them
,
doe
never
delight
us
long
.
Whereas
on
the
contrary
in
old
pictures
,
we
are
most
of
all
affected
with
their
decaying
horridnesse
.
That
they
kept
as
yet
the
godhead
bestowed
upon
them
by
art
.
The
reputation
of
the
Roman
fabricke
,
Apud
Cass
.
Var.
lib.
vii
.
sorm
.
ought
to
have
an
expert
Architect
:
that
this
wonderfull
collection
which
is
within
the
walls
might
be
succoured
by
diligence
,
and
that
the
moderne
face
of
the
worke
might
be
well
contrived
and
ordered
.
For
our
largesse
doth
not
faile
in
this
study
,
but
that
we
resolve
to
renew
antient
workes
,
by
supplying
their
defects
,
and
to
attyre
new
workes
with
the
glory
of
antiquitie
.
These
things
therfore
do
require
a
most
skilfull
man
,
lest
among
so
many
most
ingenious
antient
things
,
he
himselfe
seeme
like
unto
the
metall
they
are
made
of
,
and
shew
himselfe
uncapable
of
what
cunning
Antiquity
made
palpable
in
them
.
Let
him
therefore
reade
the
books
of
the
Antients
,
and
take
some
leisure
to
improve
himself
,
lest
he
be
found
to
know
lesse
than
those
in
whose
place
he
is
substituted
.
Let
him
reade
the
Bookes
of
the
Antients
,
and
draw
further
instruction
out
of
them
.
are
called
such
things
as
are
added
to
the
worke
for
to
adorne
it
when
he
painted
at
Athens
in
the
porch
of
Temple
that
famous
ship
called
with
another
ship
called
he
added
also
many
other
little
Gallies
among
the
things
which
painters
call
Good
workemen
de
usu
partium
corporis
humani
use
to
make
some
or
by
worke
for
a
document
of
their
Art
,
upon
the
bolts
and
shields
:
oftentimes
also
doe
they
make
upon
the
sword
hilts
and
drinking
pots
,
some
little
images
over
and
above
the
use
of
the
worke
,
expressing
Ivy
branches
,
Cypresse
trees
,
tendrels
of
a
Vine
,
and
other
such
like
devices
.
Iconum
lib.
in
Piscatorib
Sweet
seasonings
of
picture
We
consider
the
by-works
of
workemen
but
slenderly
,
for
they
study
onely
to
be
pleasant
in
many
of
them
;
neither
doe
they
alwayes
avoyd
in
them
what
is
to
small
purpose
and
superfluous
.
Strabo
,
lib.
XIV
,
Geograph
.
These
men
commend
the
mud
of
our
Art
.