A
short
HISTORICAL
ACCOUNT
OF
THE
Rise
and
Progress
OF
THE
Late
Troubles
in
England
.
ENgland
,
The
Right
of
Kings
in
England
,
as
all
the
Records
of
our
Antiquity
tell
us
,
never
was
governed
but
by
the
authority
of
a
King
;
and
though
it
hath
been
divided
into
several
Kingdoms
,
or
rather
Camps
,
yet
it
never
had
rest
from
intestine
Commotions
,
nor
foreign
Invasions
,
till
it
came
under
the
Obedience
and
Protection
to
one
sole
Monarch
.
Since
that
,
In
the
person
of
a
Monarch
,
for
above
a
thousand
years
,
it
is
now
above
a
thousand
years
that
Kings
in
a
continued
succession
have
reigned
with
supreme
Authority
in
England
.
And
so
great
all
along
hath
been
the
Love
and
Reverence
that
the
People
have
had
towards
a
Prince
,
that
he
was
always
judged
the
fittest
and
most
worthy
of
the
Government
,
who
was
next
in
Bloud
to
the
King
;
And
he
hereditary
,
so
that
no
factious
Election
,
but
lawful
Birthright
,
could
ever
warrant
a
Title
to
the
Crown
.
The
Royal
Heir
of
the
last
King
,
though
an
Infant
,
is
immediately
carried
to
the
Throne
,
even
in
the
Cradle
:
And
in
this
kind
of
immortality
in
reigning
,
the
Laws
glory
,
And
never
dying
.
To
him
all
swear
Allegiance
That
the
King
of
England
never
dies
.
Nay
,
and
by
the
ancient
common
Law
,
all
Subjects
above
twelve
years
of
age
,
are
bound
by
Oath
to
bear
a
peculiar
Faith
(
by
the
Laws
called
Allegiance
)
to
the
lawful
Prince
,
to
him
alone
,
and
for
ever
,
even
before
he
be
crowned
;
and
that
their
Obedience
may
be
confirmed
upon
a
double
account
,
a
religious
Oath
,
and
Supremacy
.
that
of
Supremacy
,
is
likewise
to
be
taken
to
the
King
.
I
must
here
beg
the
Readers
pardon
,
if
in
the
very
beginning
I
speak
of
the
Kings
Prerogative
,
the
Priviledges
of
Parliament
,
and
Liberties
of
the
People
;
which
to
our
Country-men
who
have
studied
the
point
,
perhaps
may
be
tedious
,
though
to
the
Work
we
now
undertake
it
be
absolutely
necessary
;
seeing
thereby
it
will
appear
who
have
been
the
Violators
,
and
who
the
Observers
of
the
Laws
.
The
Prerogatives
of
the
K.
or
chief
marks
of
Majesty
,
and
the
Regalia
,
belong
onely
to
the
King
.
In
the
first
place
,
what
great
power
the
King
has
over
the
lives
and
fortunes
of
his
Subjects
,
is
hereby
made
manifest
,
that
mediately
or
immediately
they
all
hold
their
Estates
of
the
King
;
that
is
to
say
,
that
whatever
Lands
and
Possessions
they
enjoy
in
fee
or
feudal
rights
,
they
owe
them
more
to
the
bounty
of
the
King
than
to
Fortune
.
So
that
all
Estates
and
Possessions
are
derived
from
him
,
and
to
him
return
at
last
.
He
hath
the
care
of
Pupils
and
Lunaticks
.
And
therefore
all
Estates
failing
of
lawful
Heirs
,
or
when
the
Owners
forfeit
them
by
Felony
or
Treason
,
flow
back
to
the
Kings
Exchequer
,
as
to
the
Ocean
from
whence
they
have
been
derived
.
The
King
,
as
Father
of
the
Country
,
has
the
care
of
the
persons
of
Pupils
and
Lunaticks
,
and
enjoys
their
Rents
and
Revenues
.
Nay
,
by
the
ancient
Laws
,
it
is
not
lawful
for
them
to
contract
Marriage
without
his
consent
;
and
if
they
do
,
they
are
to
be
severely
censured
.
The
power
of
coyning
Money
.
And
that
what
is
to
be
given
to
Caesar
,
may
be
known
by
the
publick
Money
,
the
matter
,
form
,
manner
,
and
value
of
Coyn
,
is
varied
according
to
the
will
and
pleasure
of
the
King
.
All
Honours
,
Titles
,
and
Priviledges
,
He
confers
all
Honours
and
Offices
;
all
publick
Corporations
and
Societies
,
flow
from
and
are
constituted
by
the
Crown
;
the
Admiral
,
Chancellor
,
Treasurer
,
Judges
,
Sheriffs
,
Justices
of
Peace
,
are
onely
made
by
the
King
;
Which
are
to
be
administred
in
his
name
alone
.
in
whose
name
alone
their
Writs
,
Warrants
,
and
Sentences
pass
:
nor
does
any
of
them
enter
into
Office
before
he
hath
taken
an
Oath
of
Fidelity
to
the
King
,
and
of
faithful
administration
.
None
but
the
King
has
power
of
Peace
and
War
,
His
power
in
matters
of
War
.
who
orders
Military
Discipline
according
to
his
will
and
pleasure
,
and
not
by
the
forms
or
prescripts
of
Laws
;
and
as
he
himself
thinks
fit
,
disposes
of
the
Forces
both
by
Sea
and
Land
;
it
being
necessary
that
he
who
watches
for
the
safety
of
the
Common-wealth
,
should
be
invested
with
sufficient
Power
to
repress
intestine
Seditions
,
and
repel
foreign
Invasions
.
Upon
that
account
,
it
belongs
onely
to
him
to
appoint
Musters
and
Levies
of
Souldiers
,
secure
the
Castles
and
Garisons
(
with
which
maritim
Fortifications
England
,
even
in
the
profoundest
time
of
Peace
,
is
no
less
secured
than
by
the
Seas
)
;
as
often
as
there
is
need
also
to
fit
out
a
Fleet
,
and
to
set
Governours
and
Commanders
over
both
.
Nor
is
the
Sword
neither
to
be
weilded
by
any
other
hand
but
that
which
sways
the
Scepter
:
so
that
if
any
one
(
without
the
Kings
command
)
take
up
Arms
for
the
defence
of
the
Kings
Person
and
Rights
,
he
is
by
so
doing
guilty
of
High-Treason
,
and
liable
to
the
punishment
of
a
Traytor
,
without
a
special
Pardon
from
the
King
.
Nor
is
his
Power
more
limited
in
Ecclesiastical
than
Civil
affairs
:
Also
in
Ecclesiastical
affairs
.
for
since
the
authority
of
the
Pope
being
shaken
off
,
the
Church
was
made
part
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
Clergy
after
long
reluctancy
began
to
be
contented
with
the
common
priviledges
of
Subjects
;
the
King
became
at
length
Custos
utriusque
tabulae
,
and
(
as
he
ever
was
in
right
before
,
so
was
he
then
)
acknowledged
and
confirmed
by
Law
to
be
supreme
Head
and
Governour
in
spiritual
as
well
as
temporal
affairs
,
and
owned
to
be
in
a
manner
the
Bishop
of
the
Kingdom
;
wherein
,
in
the
promotion
of
Bishops
,
conferring
of
Dignities
,
appointing
Fasts
,
enjoyning
Rites
and
Ceremonies
in
the
Church
,
he
hath
(
with
the
advice
of
the
Fathers
and
Rulers
of
the
Church
)
always
exercised
a
supreme
and
sacred
Power
and
Authority
.
He
moderates
the
rigour
of
Laws
.
He
hath
also
so
great
power
over
the
Laws
themselves
(
though
he
obliges
himself
to
govern
according
to
Law
)
that
sometimes
he
moderates
the
rigour
of
the
Law
according
to
Equity
,
pardons
Malefactors
;
And
judges
in
undecided
cases
.
and
in
cases
that
are
not
decided
by
any
Law
,
interposes
his
Imperial
Sentence
.
Lastly
,
that
I
may
assert
nothing
rashly
,
but
all
upon
the
credit
of
Lawyers
,
the
life
,
force
,
and
authority
of
every
thing
that
is
acted
in
England
,
is
to
be
found
in
the
King
alone
.
But
because
the
King
of
England
has
not
,
like
Briareus
,
an
hundred
hands
,
nor
can
he
,
like
the
Sun
,
view
all
things
at
one
glance
;
he
hath
been
accustomed
to
create
from
amongst
the
Nobility
,
Bishops
,
Judges
,
He
chuses
his
own
Counsellors
.
and
Commons
of
the
Kingdom
,
without
the
envy
and
emulation
of
any
,
such
and
so
many
Counsellors
as
he
pleases
,
to
assist
and
ease
him
in
the
weighty
care
of
the
Government
.
He
that
mounts
the
Throne
is
never
to
be
brought
to
the
Bar
,
since
the
Law
says
he
cannot
die
.
Having
named
these
Prerogatives
of
a
most
August
and
Imperial
Crown
,
what
shall
I
call
that
barbarous
and
inhumane
Principle
and
Purpose
of
bringing
the
King
to
Judgment
before
the
Kings
Tribunal
,
and
then
to
smite
him
with
the
Sword
which
he
alone
is
to
draw
;
the
King
,
I
say
,
whom
the
Law
it self
openly
declares
can
never
die
?
There
is
no
necessity
of
curbing
arbitrary
government
by
such
inhumane
Tyranny
upon
the
sacred
Person
of
the
King
,
since
whatever
may
be
done
in
the
administration
of
the
Government
,
either
against
the
Laws
of
the
Country
,
or
inconsistent
with
the
good
and
profit
of
the
People
,
the
blame
and
punishment
of
it
is
cast
upon
the
publick
Ministers
:
so
that
it
was
not
flattery
,
but
the
highest
Justice
which
gave
ground
to
this
noted
maxime
,
Nor
can
he
err
,
or
do
wrong
.
But
as
he
offends
by
his
Ministers
,
so
is
he
punished
.
That
the
King
cannot
err
,
nor
do
any
wrong
;
because
the
whole
blame
and
all
the
punishment
is
wont
,
and
ought
to
fall
upon
the
publick
Ministers
and
Counsellors
,
whose
duty
it
is
to
admonish
the
Prince
,
and
to
deny
their
concurrence
with
him
in
any
thing
that
is
unjust
;
and
to
resigne
their
place
,
rather
than
obey
him
when
he
commands
any
thing
contrary
to
Law
.
Nay
,
The
Heir
of
the
Crown
is
by
the
death
of
his
Predecessor
ipso
facto
cleared
from
all
guilt
.
the
Laws
are
so
sollicitous
for
the
safety
of
the
Prince
,
as
of
him
who
is
to
maintain
and
preserve
the
Law
,
that
the
next
Heir
to
the
Crown
,
whatsoever
Crime
he
might
be
guilty
or
accused
of
whilst
he
was
a
private
person
,
yet
by
the
death
of
his
Predecessor
,
as
by
a
certain
postliminious
Absolution
,
he
is
freed
from
all
taint
and
guilt
;
and
his
stepping
up
into
the
Throne
purges
him
from
all
defects
.
It
is
enough
to
curb
him
that
holds
the
Reins
of
the
Government
,
That
he
must
expect
the
Judgment
of
God
.
Nevertheless
,
Yet
it
is
not
lawful
to
rule
arbitrarily
.
it
is
not
lawful
for
the
King
to
rule
arbitrarily
in
England
,
oppress
his
Subjects
,
or
make
and
abrogate
Laws
by
his
sole
Authority
.
But
as
the
Law
allows
a
decorous
administration
of
absolute
Authority
in
some
things
to
the
King
,
so
does
it
assigne
to
the
Commons
others
,
What
Rights
belong
to
Parliaments
.
and
those
no
inconsiderable
Priviledges
in
the
Kingdom
,
in
common
with
the
King
,
that
so
the
joynt
Authority
in
Government
might
the
more
easily
engage
the
Subjects
to
obedience
.
To
make
and
repeal
Laws
.
For
,
for
the
making
and
repealing
of
Laws
,
and
the
interpreting
and
explaining
former
ambiguous
Statutes
;
Impose
Taxes
.
for
raising
of
Money
out
of
the
ordinary
course
,
Legitimate
Bastards
.
when
there
is
occasion
for
it
;
legitimating
of
Bastards
;
naturalizing
of
Strangers
;
altering
and
setling
the
Rights
of
Possessions
;
Enact
the
Worship
of
God
.
confirming
by
civil
Sanctions
the
Divine
Worship
,
after
it
hath
by
the
Convention
of
the
Clergy
been
formed
according
to
the
Word
of
God
;
setting
Rates
upon
Weights
and
Measures
,
Set
Rates
on
Weights
and
Measures
.
and
the
like
;
that
the
people
may
not
seem
to
suffer
any
thing
without
their
own
consent
and
concurrence
,
the
Votes
of
Parliament
,
which
is
the
supreme
Court
of
England
,
and
in
conjunction
with
the
King
,
under
God
,
hath
a
certain
Omnipotence
in
this
little
World
,
are
necessarily
required
.
What
the
Parliament
of
England
is
.
The
Parliament
is
an
Assembly
of
the
States
of
the
Kingdom
,
consisting
of
the
Bishops
,
Lords
,
and
Representatives
of
the
Commons
,
called
by
the
King
who
is
the
Head
of
it
,
who
meet
and
sit
in
two
distinct
places
called
the
Upper
and
Lower
Houses
,
in
respect
of
dignity
not
of
scituation
.
The
Upper
House
(
which
is
called
the
House
of
Lords
)
contains
two
Estates
,
The
Vpper
House
of
it
.
to
wit
,
the
Spiritual
Lords
who
are
the
Bishops
,
and
the
Temporal
who
are
Dukes
,
Marquesses
,
Earls
,
and
Barons
;
the
Judges
of
the
Kingdom
assisting
to
give
advice
in
matter
of
Law
,
but
not
to
vote
.
The
Lower
.
The
Lower
House
consists
of
the
third
Estate
of
the
Kingdom
,
who
are
the
Commons
,
and
is
therefore
called
also
the
House
of
Commons
;
they
are
chosen
by
the
plurality
of
Voices
of
the
Freeholders
of
the
Counties
,
and
Freemen
of
Corporations
,
two
Knights
for
each
County
or
Shire
,
and
two
Burgesses
for
the
most
part
for
every
City
and
Corporation-Town
,
according
to
the
use
and
custom
of
the
place
.
The
day
and
place
of
the
meeting
of
the
Parliament
is
appointed
by
the
King
;
The
time
and
place
appointed
by
the
King
.
by
him
also
it
is
prorogued
,
transferred
,
and
adjourned
to
another
place
,
or
dissolved
at
his
pleasure
.
The
Peers
are
summoned
to
attend
in
Parliament
by
Writs
severally
directed
to
them
,
They
are
called
by
Writs
.
and
signed
by
the
King
.
To
the
rest
the
Sheriffs
of
the
several
Counties
by
virtue
of
a
Writ
out
of
the
Chancery
,
give
notice
that
the
King
within
a
certain
time
orders
an
Election
to
be
made
of
Knights
and
Burgesses
,
which
he
commands
to
be
made
by
the
Sheriff
in
time
and
place
convenient
.
Vetus
Rescripti
formula
ad
Dynastas
.
Rescriptum
Regis
ad
Dynastas
seu
Pares
sic
sonat
:
Carolus
Dei
gratiâ
,
&c.
Reverendissimo
in
Christo
Patri
,
&c.
(
si
Episcopos
compellet
)
Consanguineo
nostro
(
si
Duces
,
Marchiones
vel
Comites
alloquatur
)
Dilecto
&
fideli
nostro
(
si
Barones
.
)
Quia
de
advisamento
Concilii
nostri
,
pro
quibusdam
arduis
&
urgentibus
negotiis
,
Nos
,
&
Statum
&
defensionem
Regni
nostri
Angliae
&
Ecclesiae
Anglicanae
concernentibus
,
quoddam
Parlamentum
nostrum
ad
Westmonast
.
&c.
teneri
ordinavimus
,
&
ibidem
vobiscum
&
cum
caeteris
Praelatis
,
Magnatibus
&
Proceribus
dicti
Regni
nostri
Angliae
colloquium
habere
&
tractatum
;
vobis
in
fide
&
Dilectione
(
si
ad
Episcopos
mittatur
Rescriptum
)
per
fidem
&
Allegiantiam
(
si
ad
Pares
)
quibus
nobis
tenemini
,
firmiter
injungendo
mandamus
,
quod
consideratis
dictorum
negotiorum
arduitate
&
periculis
imminentibus
,
cessante
quacunque
excusatione
,
die
&
loco
dictis
,
personaliter
intersitis
Nobiscum
cum
caeteris
Praelatis
,
Magnatibus
&
Proceribus
,
super
dictis
negotiis
tractaturi
,
vestrúmque
Consilium
impensuri
;
&
hoc
,
sicut
Nos
&
honorem
nostram
,
ac
salutem
Regni
praedicti
&
Ecclesiae
sanctae
,
Expeditionémque
dictorum
negotiorum
diligitis
,
nullatenus
omittatis
,
(
si
ad
Episcopos
scribat
)
praemonere
Decanum
&
Capitulum
Ecclesiae
vestrae
tolúmque
Clerum
vestrae
Dioeceseos
,
quod
idem
Decanus
&
Archidiaconi
in
propriis
personis
,
ac
dictum
Capitulum
per
unum
,
idémque
Clerus
per
duos
Procuratores
idoneos
,
plenam
&
sufficientem
potestatem
ab
ipsis
Capitulo
&
Clero
habentes
,
praedictis
die
&
loco
personaliter
intersint
,
ad
consentiendum
his
quae
tum
ibidem
de
communi
concilio
Regni
nostri
(
Divinâ
favente
clementiâ
)
contigerit
ordinari
.
Teste
Meipso
,
&c.
The
ancient
form
of
the
Writ
to
the
Peers
.
The
Kings
Writ
to
the
Nobles
or
Peers
,
runs
thus
:
CHARLES
by
the
grace
of
God
,
&c.
to
the
most
Reverend
Father
in
Christ
(
if
it
speaks
to
any
of
the
Bishops
)
to
Our
Cousin
(
if
it
is
addressed
to
any
Duke
,
Marquess
,
or
Earl
)
To
our
Beloved
and
Faithful
(
if
to
a
Baron
.
)
Whereas
by
the
advice
of
Our
Council
We
have
ordained
that
Our
Parliament
shall
be
holden
at
Westminster
,
&c.
for
the
dispatch
of
certain
difficult
and
urgent
Affairs
concerning
(
or
pertaining
to
)
Us
,
and
the
State
and
Defence
of
Our
Kingdom
of
England
,
and
of
the
Church
of
England
,
and
there
to
hold
a
Colloquy
and
Treat
with
you
and
with
the
rest
of
the
Prelates
,
Great
men
and
Nobles
of
Our
said
Kingdom
of
England
:
Therefore
We
,
by
the
Fidelity
and
Love
(
if
the
Writ
be
sent
to
the
Bishops
)
by
the
Fidelity
and
Allegiance
,
(
if
to
any
of
the
Peers
)
which
you
owe
to
Us
,
streightly
injoyning
,
command
you
,
that
in
consideration
of
the
difficulty
of
the
aforesaid
Affairs
,
and
of
the
Dangers
impending
,
laying
aside
all
Excuses
,
at
the
day
and
place
aforesaid
you
personally
appear
to
treat
with
Us
,
together
with
the
rest
of
the
Prelates
,
Great
men
,
and
Nobles
,
concerning
the
Affairs
aforesaid
,
and
thereupon
give
Us
your
counsel
.
And
this
you
are
not
to
omit
,
as
you
love
Us
,
and
Our
Honour
,
and
the
Safety
of
Our
said
Kingdom
,
and
the
expedition
of
the
said
Affairs
.
And
if
the
Writ
be
directed
to
a
Bishop
,
it
goes
on
further
thus
:
And
you
are
to
forewarn
the
Dean
and
Chapter
of
your
Church
,
and
all
the
Clergy
of
your
Diocess
,
that
the
said
Dean
and
the
Archdeacons
be
personally
present
;
and
the
said
Chapter
by
one
,
and
the
said
Clergy
by
two
sufficient
Procurators
,
having
full
and
sufficient
power
from
the
said
Chapter
and
Clergy
,
at
the
day
and
place
aforesaid
,
to
Consent
to
those
things
which
then
and
there
(
by
the
favour
of
the
divine
Clemency
)
shall
happen
to
be
ordained
by
the
Common
Council
of
Our
Kingdom
.
Witness
my self
,
&c.
Ad
Communes
,
seu
Inferioris
Confessus
Senatores
.
Aliud
Rescriptum
ad
Vicecomites
&
Praesides
Civitatum
,
seu
Municipiorum
,
conceptis
hisce
verbis
ità
se
habet
:
Rex
Vicecomiti
salutem
.
Quia
de
advisamento
&
assensu
Concilii
nostri
,
&c.
(
progreditur
ut
superius
)
&
ibidem
cum
Praelatis
,
Magnatibus
&
Proceribus
Regni
nostri
Colloquium
habere
&
tractatum
;
Tibi
praecipimus
firmiter
injungentes
,
quòd
factâ
Proclamatione
in
Comitatu
tuo
,
post
receptionem
hujus
Brevis
nostri
,
Parliamenti
tenendi
die
&
loco
praedictis
,
duos
Milites
gladiis
cinctos
,
magis
idoneos
&
discretos
Comitatûs
praedicti
,
&
de
qualibet
Civitate
Comitatûs
illius
duos
Cives
,
&
de
quolibet
Burgo
duos
Burgenses
de
discretioribus
&
magìs
sufficientibus
,
liberè
&
indifferenter
per
illos
qui
Electioni
huic
interfuerint
,
juxta
formam
Statutorum
indè
edictorum
&
provisorum
,
eligi
,
&
nomina
eorundem
Militum
,
Civium
&
Burgensium
in
quibusdam
Indenturis
inter
te
&
illos
qui
hujusmodi
Electioni
interfuerint
conficiendis
,
sive
hujusmodi
electi
praesentes
fuerint
sive
absentes
,
inseri
,
eósque
ad
dictum
diem
&
locum
venire
facies
:
Ità
quòd
iidem
Milites
plenam
&
sufficientem
potestatem
pro
se
&
Communitate
praedicti
Comitatûs
,
ac
dicti
Cives
&
Burgenses
pro
se
&
Communitatibus
Civitatum
&
Burgorum
praedictorum
divisim
ab
ipsis
habeant
,
ad
faciendum
&
consentiendum
his
quae
tum
ibidem
de
communi
Concilio
Regni
nostri
(
favente
Deo
)
contigerit
ordinari
super
negotiis
antè
dictis
,
ità
nè
pro
defectu
potestatis
hujusmodi
,
seu
propter
improvidam
Electionem
Militum
,
Civium
aut
Burgensium
praedictorum
,
praedicta
negotia
infecta
maneant
quovis
modo
.
Nolumus
tamen
quòd
tu
nec
aliquis
alius
Vicecomes
dicti
Regni
nostri
aliqualiter
sit
electus
.
To
the
Members
of
the
House
of
Commons
.
Another
Writ
directed
to
the
Sheriffs
and
Chief
Magistrates
of
Cities
and
Corporations
,
runs
thus
:
The
King
to
the
Sheriff
greeting
.
Whereas
by
the
Advice
and
Assent
of
Our
Council
,
&c.
(
as
before
)
then
and
there
to
hold
a
Colloquy
and
Treaty
with
Our
Prelates
,
Great
men
,
and
Nobles
of
Our
Kingdom
,
&c.
We
command
and
streightly
injoyn
you
that
a
Proclamation
being
made
in
your
County
(
Court
)
after
the
receipt
of
this
Our
Writ
,
concerning
Our
Parliament
to
be
holden
at
the
day
and
place
aforesaid
;
you
do
cause
two
Knights
of
the
most
fitting
and
discreet
of
your
County
aforesaid
,
and
of
every
City
in
the
said
County
two
Citizens
,
and
of
every
Burrow
(
or
Corporation
)
two
Burgesses
of
the
most
discreet
and
sufficient
,
to
be
freely
and
indifferently
chosen
,
according
to
the
form
of
the
Statutes
in
that
case
made
and
provided
,
by
those
who
shall
be
then
present
at
the
said
Election
;
and
you
are
also
to
insert
the
names
of
the
said
Knights
,
Citizens
,
and
Burgesses
(
whether
the
persons
so
elected
be
present
or
absent
)
in
certain
Indentures
to
be
made
betwixt
you
and
those
who
shall
be
present
at
the
said
Election
,
and
you
shall
cause
them
to
appear
at
the
day
and
place
aforesaid
:
so
as
the
said
Knights
have
full
and
sufficient
power
for
themselves
and
the
Community
of
the
aforesaid
County
,
and
the
said
Citizens
and
Burgesses
for
themselves
and
the
Communities
of
the
said
Cities
and
Corporations
,
severally
to
do
and
consent
to
those
things
which
(
by
the
favour
of
God
)
shall
by
the
Common
Council
of
Our
Kingdom
be
ordained
concerning
the
Affairs
aforesaid
;
so
that
by
the
want
of
such
Power
,
or
by
the
improvident
Election
of
the
Knights
,
Citizens
,
or
Burgesses
aforesaid
,
the
Affairs
aforesaid
be
not
in
any
way
left
unfinished
(
undispatched
)
.
Yet
We
will
not
that
you
or
any
other
Sheriff
of
Our
said
Kingdom
be
by
any
means
elected
.
These
things
being
punctually
performed
according
to
exactness
of
Law
,
The
manner
of
meeting
.
the
Members
in
a
solemn
and
splendid
Procession
,
such
as
may
imprint
an
Awe
and
Reverence
in
the
minds
of
the
People
,
go
first
to
Church
,
and
then
to
the
Parliament-house
.
The
King
declares
the
causes
of
their
meeting
in
the
Vpper
House
.
And
at
that
time
the
King
coming
into
the
House
of
Lords
,
and
having
called
up
the
Members
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
either
speaks
to
them
himself
,
or
causes
the
Lord
Chancellor
to
declare
to
them
the
weighty
causes
of
their
meeting
,
and
what
it
is
he
would
have
them
consult
and
deliberate
about
for
the
Publick
Good
.
The
King
is
not
obliged
afterward
,
unless
he
please
,
to
be
present
at
their
Consultations
,
except
at
the
end
of
a
Session
,
that
he
may
give
the
strength
and
vigour
of
a
Law
to
their
Bills
.
The
Knights
and
Burgesses
of
the
Lower
House
have
severally
the
Oath
of
Allegiance
administred
unto
them
by
one
appointed
for
that
effect
by
the
King
;
which
amongst
other
things
,
contains
this
clause
:
All
and
every
one
of
the
Members
of
the
House
of
Commons
take
the
Oath
of
Allegiance
to
the
King
.
I
will
bear
Faith
and
true
Allegiance
to
his
Majesty
,
his
Heirs
and
Successors
,
and
him
and
them
will
defend
to
the
uttermost
of
my
power
,
against
all
Conspiracies
and
Attempts
whatsoever
,
which
shall
be
made
against
his
or
their
Persons
,
their
Crown
and
Dignity
;
and
make
known
unto
his
Majesty
,
his
Heirs
and
Successors
,
all
Treasons
and
traiterous
Conspiracies
which
I
shall
know
and
hoar
of
to
be
against
him
or
any
of
them
,
&c.
But
lest
any
one
being
advanced
to
the
high
Honour
and
Dignity
of
consulting
with
the
King
,
and
sharing
in
some
part
of
the
Government
,
should
forget
that
he
is
still
a
Subject
;
the
better
to
keep
him
within
the
bounds
of
duty
,
he
is
to
take
another
Oath
of
Supremacy
in
these
words
:
And
of
Supremacy
.
I
A.
B.
do
utterly
testifie
and
declare
in
my
Conscience
,
That
the
Kings
Highness
is
the
onely
Supreme
Governour
of
this
Realm
,
and
of
all
other
his
Highness's
Dominions
and
Countries
,
as
well
in
all
Spiritual
or
Ecclesiastical
things
or
causes
,
as
Temporal
:
and
that
no
foreign
Prince
,
Person
,
Prelate
,
State
,
or
Potentate
,
hath
or
ought
to
have
any
Jurisdiction
,
Power
,
Superiority
,
Preeminence
,
or
Authority
Ecclesiastical
or
Spiritual
within
this
Realm
.
And
therefore
I
do
utterly
renounce
and
forsake
all
foreign
Jurisdictions
,
Powers
,
Superiorities
,
and
Authorities
;
and
do
promise
from
henceforth
I
shall
hear
Faith
and
true
Allegiance
to
the
Kings
Highness
,
his
Heirs
and
lawful
Successors
;
and
to
my
power
shall
assist
and
defend
all
Jurisdictions
,
Priviledges
,
Pre-eminences
,
and
Authorities
granted
or
belonging
to
the
Kings
Highness
,
his
Heirs
and
Successors
,
or
united
or
annexed
to
the
Imperial
Crown
of
this
Realm
.
So
help
me
God
,
and
by
the
contents
of
this
Book
.
They
chuse
a
Speaker
,
whom
they
accompany
to
the
King
,
beseeching
his
Majesty
to
approve
their
Election
.
Being
thus
obliged
to
their
duty
upon
their
entry
into
this
auspicious
Honour
by
the
Votes
of
the
Lower
House
(
according
to
the
Kings
designation
or
nomination
)
a
Speaker
is
chosen
,
whom
they
accompany
to
the
King
,
beseeching
his
Majesty
to
approve
their
election
;
which
the
King
readily
grants
.
This
being
done
,
the
Speaker
in
the
name
of
himself
and
of
all
the
Commons
,
thanks
the
King
,
and
begs
of
his
Majesty
that
they
may
enjoy
their
Priviledges
,
and
have
the
freedom
of
debating
;
and
that
if
any
one
in
the
heat
of
discourse
should
speak
too
warmly
,
And
not
to
be
offended
with
their
freedom
in
speech
.
his
Majesty
would
not
take
it
ill
,
nor
be
offended
;
and
that
they
may
have
free
access
to
his
Majesty
and
the
Upper
House
so
often
as
occasion
shall
require
.
Which
being
granted
,
they
are
dismissed
.
☞
All
may
petition
,
but
by
the
mediation
of
Deputies
.
All
men
heretofore
were
admitted
to
petition
this
August
Assembly
,
provided
their
Petitions
were
preferred
within
six
days
after
the
opening
of
the
Parliament
,
and
by
the
hands
of
some
appointed
by
the
Upper
House
;
it
belonging
to
them
to
judge
what
were
fitting
to
be
presented
in
Parliament
,
and
to
reject
such
as
were
trivial
or
seditious
.
Each
House
has
power
to
consult
,
debate
,
The
way
of
debating
and
communicating
opinions
betwixt
both
Houses
.
and
form
Bills
about
the
matters
proposed
by
the
King
,
or
concerning
the
making
or
abrogating
of
Laws
;
so
that
what
is
agreed
upon
in
the
one
House
,
is
by
Messengers
to
be
sent
to
the
other
:
and
if
both
concur
in
judgment
after
the
matter
hath
been
debated
,
the
Assent
is
marked
over
the
head
of
the
Bill
(
if
it
be
in
the
Lords
House
)
in
this
form
of
words
:
Les
Seigneurs
out
assentes
;
The
Lords
have
consented
.
And
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
thus
:
Les
Communes
out
assentes
;
The
Commons
have
consented
.
But
if
they
disagree
,
many
times
both
Houses
,
or
Committees
chosen
by
them
,
meet
in
conference
in
a
convenient
place
,
which
is
called
the
Painted
Chamber
;
where
the
Lords
covered
and
sitting
,
in
solemn
manner
receive
the
Commons
standing
uncovered
,
and
both
argue
the
matter
in
debate
.
If
in
such
Conferences
opinions
disagree
(
as
it
happens
sometimes
)
the
thing
is
laid
aside
;
but
if
they
concurr
,
the
Bill
is
carried
to
the
King
:
which
if
he
approve
of
,
it
is
written
upon
,
Le
Roy
le
veut
,
By
the
Kings
consent
the
Bills
are
made
Laws
;
The
King
wills
it
;
whereby
,
as
by
a
Soul
infused
into
the
body
,
it
receives
life
,
and
passes
into
a
perfect
Law
,
to
be
afterwards
promulgated
to
the
people
:
If
on
the
contrary
the
King
approve
not
the
Bills
brought
to
him
,
he
uses
to
write
over
head
,
Le
Roy
s'avisera
,
The
King
will
consider
of
it
:
Or
otherwise
rejected
.
sometimes
he
utterly
rejects
them
,
and
then
they
are
wholly
laid
aside
.
But
matters
of
Religion
(
which
require
the
Kings
more
especial
care
)
are
not
so
intirely
committed
by
him
to
the
Parliament
,
Religious
matters
a●●ommit●ed
by
the
Ki●g
to
the
Clergy
.
but
to
the
Convocation
of
the
Clergy
to
be
handled
,
unless
for
the
sanction
of
Parliament
to
give
them
the
authority
of
a
Law
,
which
otherwise
they
could
not
sufficiently
have
.
Which
by
the
Deans
,
Archdeacons
,
and
Deputies
of
the
Clergy
,
are
holden
in
the
Convocation
.
The
Deans
,
Archdeacons
,
two
Prebendaries
commissionated
by
the
several
Chapters
,
and
as
many
Priests
out
of
every
Diocess
,
meet
in
an
appointed
place
to
consult
about
affairs
of
that
nature
;
where
having
first
chosen
a
Prolocutor
,
they
settle
points
of
Religion
,
Ceremonies
,
and
other
matters
belonging
to
the
Church
,
and
the
imposition
of
Subsidies
also
,
in
name
of
the
Clergy
:
yet
in
these
latter
times
their
Acts
bind
not
the
People
,
Their
Acts
bind
not
the
People
,
without
the
consent
of
the
King
and
Parliament
.
until
(
as
we
said
before
)
they
be
passed
into
a
Law
by
the
King
,
with
consent
of
both
Houses
of
Parliament
.
And
so
cautious
have
our
Kings
been
that
Laymen
should
not
meddle
in
such
affairs
,
that
,
as
it
is
recorded
in
History
,
Queen
Elizabeth
severely
checked
the
Parliament
for
having
appointed
a
Fast
without
●sking
her
leave
;
nor
would
she
be
satisfied
,
till
they
begg'd
her
Majesties
pardon
for
it
.
That
we
may
return
to
the
Authority
of
Parliament
,
each
House
hath
its
several
and
distinct
Priviledges
.
The
Rights
&
Priviledges
of
the
Vpper
House
.
The
House
of
Lords
not
onely
concurs
in
Council
and
making
of
Laws
,
but
hath
also
power
of
Judicature
and
giving
Judgment
,
and
so
of
administring
an
Oath
,
especially
in
weightier
Causes
,
as
in
the
corruption
of
Judges
and
Magistrates
,
and
in
highest
Appeals
:
which
yet
,
the
Lawyers
say
,
cannot
lawfully
be
brought
to
a
tryal
,
without
the
consent
and
warrant
of
the
King
;
and
is
never
done
,
unless
the
Judges
of
the
Law
do
assist
.
Of
the
Lower
.
The
House
of
Commons
claims
to
it self
the
priviledge
of
petitioning
and
proposing
Laws
,
or
of
prosecuting
,
but
never
of
judging
,
unless
within
its
own
walls
,
and
over
the
Members
of
their
own
House
,
nor
that
neither
beyond
a
Fine
and
Imprisonment
.
By
ancient
custom
that
House
was
so
far
from
pronouncing
any
Sentence
(
much
less
in
cases
of
Life
and
Death
)
in
the
name
of
the
People
,
against
the
meanest
Servant
in
England
,
that
it
never
took
to
it self
the
power
of
administring
an
Oath
.
It
is
also
extant
in
the
Rolls
,
to
this
purpose
:
Vpon
the
humble
supplication
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
that
whereas
all
Parliamentary
Judgment
belongs
to
the
King
and
the
Peers
,
and
not
to
the
Commons
,
unless
by
a
Grant
and
Permission
from
the
King
,
it
would
please
the
Kings
Majesty
that
they
be
not
,
contrary
to
custom
,
obliged
to
give
Judgment
;
whereupon
the
King
for
the
future
excused
them
from
that
trouble
,
reserving
the
Parliamentary
power
of
Judging
for
the
time
to
come
to
the
King
and
House
of
Lords
onely
,
(
save
onely
in
making
Laws
,
or
imposing
Taxes
and
Subsidies
)
unless
when
it
shall
otherwise
seem
fit
to
the
Kings
Majesty
to
require
their
particular
counsel
and
assent
for
dispatching
the
publick
Affairs
of
the
Nation
.
Nay
,
it
was
of
old
the
custom
also
,
that
if
any
Controversie
or
Doubt
arose
about
the
validity
of
the
Election
of
the
Members
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
the
matter
was
not
determined
by
the
other
Members
of
the
same
House
,
but
either
by
the
Lords
in
the
Upper
House
,
or
by
the
Judges
in
Chancery
.
And
if
any
of
them
also
departed
from
the
Parliament
without
leave
from
the
King
and
both
Houses
,
he
was
brought
before
the
Kings
Privy-Council
or
Kings-Bench
,
to
receive
sentence
for
his
faults
;
but
he
was
never
punished
at
the
will
and
pleasure
of
his
own
House
.
This
also
is
peculiar
to
the
House
of
Commons
,
(
that
we
may
again
return
to
their
Priviledges
)
that
it
belongs
to
them
first
to
debate
and
form
the
Bill
for
raising
Money
from
the
People
.
Such
therefore
is
the
wonderful
temper
of
our
Monarchy
,
that
the
King
,
Lords
,
and
Commons
have
their
several
parts
in
the
publick
administration
of
Affairs
;
yet
with
that
harmonious
proportion
,
that
All
can
help
,
but
none
of
them
hurt
the
Publick
.
For
the
Prerogative
of
the
King
that
gives
him
the
supreme
power
of
Government
,
and
of
Peace
and
War
,
tends
to
this
,
that
he
may
have
strength
enough
to
defend
the
Laws
against
the
Factions
of
the
Nobility
,
and
the
Tumults
and
Insurrections
of
the
people
:
whilst
the
Nobles
,
by
the
high
Authority
they
have
in
giving
Judgment
and
making
Laws
,
can
on
the
one
hand
put
a
stop
to
tyrannical
attempts
,
if
any
should
be
offered
by
the
King
;
and
on
the
other
,
curb
the
insolence
of
a
tumultuous
and
seditious
common
People
.
Nor
are
the
Commons
,
through
the
priviledge
they
have
of
accusing
any
man
,
and
giving
or
denying
Money
,
unprovided
of
means
of
restraining
the
licentiousness
of
the
Lords
and
Privy-Counsellors
,
and
of
preventing
the
arbitrariness
of
the
Prince
.
The
providence
of
the
Law
that
the
Members
might
debate
freely
and
without
fear
.
The
Laws
are
very
careful
that
the
liberty
of
Debating
and
Voting
be
not
obstructed
through
fear
and
the
insolence
of
wicked
men
;
for
it
is
enjoyned
under
severe
penalties
,
that
no
Member
of
Parliament
come
to
the
House
with
hidden
or
open
Arms
,
nor
that
any
other
person
armed
with
a
Sword
or
any
other
Weapon
,
presume
to
walk
in
the
Palace-yard
or
near
the
House
,
thereby
to
give
cause
of
terrour
and
apprehension
,
or
to
lessen
the
reverence
of
the
place
.
Yea
,
it
hath
been
the
custom
,
that
the
Members
of
Parliament
and
their
menial
Servants
,
should
during
the
sitting
of
Parliament
,
be
protected
from
arrests
for
debt
,
or
other
slight
crimes
;
but
the
Priviledge
of
Parliament
excuses
no
man
that
is
guilty
of
Treason
,
Felony
,
or
Breach
of
the
Peace
,
from
the
ordinary
prosecution
of
Law
.
Yet
if
by
the
mistake
either
of
the
Magistrate
or
Officer
,
any
Parliament-man
or
their
Servants
happen
to
be
arrested
,
they
cannot
be
set
at
liberty
according
to
Law
,
but
by
a
Writ
(
assigning
the
cause
)
directed
out
of
the
Chancery
.
So
much
heretofore
did
both
Houses
contain
themselves
within
the
bounds
of
modesty
,
The
modesty
of
the
Parliament
.
that
if
any
one
inconsiderately
offended
against
the
received
customs
,
or
spake
any
way
irreverently
of
the
King
,
he
was
severely
punished
for
the
fault
,
and
that
at
the
suit
and
instance
of
the
House
of
which
he
was
a
Member
.
The
Kings
also
did
very
seldom
,
What
honour
Kings
were
wont
to
shew
the
Parliament
.
But
when
occasion
required
,
reduced
them
into
order
.
unless
it
were
for
weighty
causes
,
act
any
thing
that
might
give
offence
to
so
August
an
Assembly
:
Yet
sometimes
,
upon
high
provocations
,
some
of
our
mildest
Princes
have
severely
rebuked
the
whole
Parliament
,
and
caused
some
Members
to
be
brought
to
the
Bar
to
answer
for
their
offences
;
and
have
punished
others
by
Fine
,
Imprisonment
,
or
Death
,
according
to
the
nature
of
their
crimes
.
These
were
the
old
customs
,
and
those
the
men
that
made
England
for
many
Ages
past
to
flourish
,
The
happiness
of
the
Kingdom
under
this
Government
.
being
happy
at
home
,
and
renowned
abroad
;
until
too
much
happiness
(
as
often
happens
in
humane
affairs
)
with
Luxury
and
all
sorts
of
Vice
,
brought
in
amongst
us
Pride
,
Ambition
,
and
the
contempt
of
the
Laws
both
of
God
and
man
;
so
that
with
mutual
emulation
and
envy
men
began
to
covet
and
invade
the
Rights
of
one
another
,
to
despise
and
set
at
nought
,
rather
than
to
reverence
and
obey
the
King
,
Religion
,
and
Laws
,
and
to
gape
after
Novelties
,
rather
than
to
acquiesce
in
what
was
most
excellently
established
.
Of
late
,
What
were
the
beginnings
of
the
Troubles
raised
by
some
Members
of
the
House
of
Commons
.
some
perverse
men
(
and
they
at
first
but
a
few
)
who
had
screwed
themselves
into
the
Lower
House
,
being
desirous
of
changes
,
and
crafty
Promoters
of
publick
Debates
,
began
to
clamour
about
the
Rights
and
Liberties
of
the
People
,
and
Power
of
Parliaments
,
to
arrogate
to
themselves
unheard-of
Priviledges
,
to
be
very
busie
where
they
were
no
ways
concerned
,
take
upon
them
what
they
were
not
capable
of
effecting
,
and
at
length
breaking
out
into
insolent
Expressions
and
Invectives
against
the
the
Kings
power
,
calling
into
question
the
Tunnage
and
Poundage
,
which
the
Kings
of
England
in
all
times
enjoyed
,
and
forbidding
them
to
be
payed
to
the
King
;
nay
,
and
to
offer
violence
to
their
Speaker
within
the
very
walls
of
the
House
;
and
in
a
word
,
to
shake
off
their
ancient
modesty
,
all
reverence
which
they
ought
to
bear
to
the
Majesty
of
their
King
,
and
to
trample
under
foot
the
sacred
Customs
of
the
Kingdom
and
Priviledges
of
Parliament
.
Hence
mutual
Jealousies
betwixt
the
King
and
Parliament
.
And
then
the
dissolution
of
Parliaments
.
Hence
arose
mutual
Heart-burnings
and
Jealousies
,
that
the
King
designed
to
invade
the
Liberties
of
the
Parliament
,
and
the
Parliament
to
encroach
upon
the
Prerogative
of
the
Crown
.
For
this
reason
the
King
put
an
end
to
several
Parliaments
much
sooner
than
many
desired
,
(
but
not
without
precedents
in
former
times
)
and
checked
the
rashness
of
some
by
imprisonment
.
Being
some
time
afterward
sollicited
,
he
refused
to
call
new
Parliaments
,
that
so
the
Heats
and
Animosities
might
be
allayed
,
and
that
they
might
learn
for
the
future
to
bring
along
with
them
Modesty
and
greater
Gravity
to
so
great
a
Council
.
This
gave
occasion
of
stirring
the
people
up
against
the
King
.
But
that
gave
occasion
to
crafty
and
restless
men
of
spreading
their
poyson
all
over
England
;
so
that
every
where
they
gave
it
out
,
That
Religion
was
ruined
,
the
publick
Liberty
opprest
,
and
the
Laws
in
danger
of
being
subverted
;
hoping
that
it
would
be
no
difficult
matter
to
perswade
credulous
people
of
this
,
who
were
greedy
of
Novelties
,
and
prone
to
listen
to
Calumnies
and
Slanders
,
especially
of
the
great
men
.
They
reproached
the
King
with
bitter
Railings
,
calling
him
uxorious
,
imprudent
,
addicted
to
the
Popish
Religion
,
covetous
,
and
what
else
they
knew
to
be
infamous
and
hateful
to
the
People
.
They
censured
the
best
of
his
actions
,
and
strained
them
to
the
worst
sence
.
They
wonderfully
aggravated
his
Misfortunes
and
Failings
,
and
were
more
injurious
than
ill
fortune
her self
in
their
horrid
constructions
.
Amongst
so
many
Complaints
and
Outcries
,
And
yet
the
Kingdom
in
a
most
flourishing
condition
.
if
you
demand
what
real
calamity
happened
,
Britain
was
never
in
a
more
flourishing
condition
;
stately
Buildings
both
publick
and
private
every
where
reared
,
not
onely
for
conveniency
,
but
even
for
Ostentation
and
Luxury
;
Trade
increasing
dayly
both
in
compass
and
profit
,
had
already
enlarged
it self
to
both
the
Indies
;
onely
unhappy
in
this
,
that
with
the
Wealth
of
Strangers
,
foreign
Vices
were
also
imported
:
Arts
of
all
sorts
never
look'd
gayer
in
Colledges
,
Courts
,
and
Shops
;
nor
were
the
wealthy
Inhabitants
ever
prouder
;
Justice
was
administred
according
to
Law
;
nor
was
any
man
deprived
of
Life
or
Goods
,
but
by
the
lawful
Verdict
of
a
Jury
of
his
Country-men
,
to
whom
these
things
ought
to
be
of
highest
value
:
all
the
parts
of
Government
were
so
administred
,
that
they
seemed
to
conspire
together
for
the
publick
good
;
save
onely
in
this
,
that
they
could
not
repress
the
insolency
and
wantonness
that
sprung
from
so
great
prosperity
;
and
(
which
is
not
to
be
dissembled
)
being
long
unaccustomed
to
War
,
we
had
been
unfortunate
in
some
foreign
expeditions
;
Though
unfortunate
in
War
abroad
,
and
some
Taxes
imposed
at
home
.
and
the
people
were
incensed
at
some
impositions
at
home
,
which
though
very
moderate
,
and
countenanced
by
publick
necessity
and
good
reason
in
Law
,
yet
gave
occasion
to
the
people
to
pretend
that
the
Right
and
Property
of
the
Subject
was
opprest
,
Some
seditious
persons
are
punished
.
and
to
outcries
of
Injustice
;
and
also
the
imprisonment
and
lopping
off
the
ears
of
four
or
five
seditious
persons
,
sentenced
by
the
Judges
of
the
Star-Chamber
,
seemed
to
be
punishments
too
severe
for
those
halcyon
days
of
Peace
and
Tranquillity
.
To
this
may
be
added
,
that
the
Jurisdiction
and
Censures
of
Spiritual
Courts
wrought
pity
in
some
,
and
indignation
in
others
.
Besides
,
the
muster
of
Malecontents
was
made
greater
by
some
scrupulous
Puritans
who
interpreted
the
enjoyning
of
Ceremonies
and
things
indifferent
in
the
Worship
of
God
,
New
Ceremonies
startle
the
Puritans
.
in
the
Canons
of
the
Church
,
to
be
the
Fore-runners
of
Popery
.
We
may
also
take
along
with
us
the
Zeal
of
the
Archbishop
in
exempting
the
Clergie
from
the
Suits
and
Injuries
of
Laicks
,
and
preferring
them
to
civil
employments
;
which
drew
a
great
deal
of
envy
and
ill
will
not
onely
upon
himself
,
but
upon
all
the
Church-men
also
:
The
Archbishop
endeavouring
to
impose
the
Liturgy
of
England
upon
the
Scots
,
offends
them
.
as
also
his
endeavouring
to
bring
into
the
Church
of
Scotland
the
use
of
the
Service-book
of
England
;
which
,
though
his
designe
was
laudable
,
that
these
three
neighbouring
Nations
,
being
under
the
government
of
one
and
the
same
King
,
might
also
be
joyned
in
an
uniform
manner
of
Worship
,
was
yet
unseasonable
and
ill
timed
,
as
we
shall
a
little
more
fully
relate
.
Vpon
which
pretext
,
but
for
other
causes
,
they
grow
turbulent
.
Matters
in
Scotland
were
then
ripe
for
a
Rebellion
:
for
many
took
it
ill
that
the
King
denied
them
the
Honours
and
Titles
to
which
they
aspired
;
others
were
vexed
that
they
were
forced
to
part
with
some
portion
of
the
Tythes
(
though
but
moderate
)
which
they
had
,
upon
the
dissolution
of
the
Monasteries
,
in
the
minority
of
King
James
,
obtained
from
the
Crown
,
for
making
a
competent
Stipend
for
Ministers
,
who
then
served
the
Cures
at
what
easie
rates
the
Patrons
were
pleased
to
allow
them
;
but
most
could
not
digest
,
that
the
absolute
Authority
which
they
had
for
a
long
time
usurped
over
their
Vassals
and
Tenants
,
should
be
taken
from
them
and
annexed
to
the
Crown
.
These
chusing
rather
to
shake
the
State
than
quit
their
hold
;
those
again
,
rather
to
get
Titles
of
Honour
by
the
seditious
Acclamations
of
the
Mobile
,
than
to
want
them
,
took
occasion
of
the
Liturgie
and
Ceremonies
,
to
buz
the
people
in
the
ear
that
the
reformed
Religion
was
to
be
overturned
to
make
way
for
Popery
;
They
take
Arms
;
alter
the
Government
both
in
Church
and
State
.
The
King
marches
against
them
;
so
that
having
taken
up
Arms
and
born
down
all
that
were
of
a
contrary
opinion
,
they
new
model
Church
and
State
according
to
their
own
humour
.
The
King
resolving
to
reduce
those
by
Arms
,
whom
he
could
not
reclaim
by
the
milder
causes
of
admonition
,
being
accompanied
by
the
Flower
of
the
Youth
,
and
Nobility
of
England
,
who
voluntarily
,
and
at
their
own
charge
,
set
out
upon
the
expedition
,
marches
to
the
borders
;
but
having
by
clemency
and
concessions
brought
them
over
to
obedience
,
And
upon
Articles
makes
Peace
with
them
.
The
Scots
innovating
the
Articles
,
cause
a
new
War.
which
he
preferred
before
Hostility
and
Arms
,
he
condescended
to
Articles
of
Peace
,
and
disbanded
his
Army
.
The
Scots
afterward
insisting
upon
Articles
different
from
those
that
were
agreed
upon
,
occasion
new
Broils
and
Dissensions
;
which
when
neither
Commissioners
,
Messengers
,
nor
mutual
Letters
could
compose
,
both
sides
prepare
afresh
for
a
new
War
.
On
the
Kings
side
the
Earl
of
Strafford
,
then
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
raised
an
Army
of
eight
thousand
men
with
the
assistance
of
the
Parliament
of
Ireland
,
being
to
be
paid
by
them
;
and
being
come
over
again
into
England
,
bestirs
himself
in
raising
another
Army
here
.
A
Parliament
is
called
:
A
Parliament
is
called
in
England
,
wherein
a
certain
Courtier
making
bad
use
of
his
instructions
,
did
(
purposely
,
as
most
believed
,
that
he
might
confound
affairs
,
and
increase
Animosities
betwixt
the
King
and
Parliament
)
somewhat
haughtily
demand
twelve
Subsidies
,
when
the
House
of
Commons
had
offered
six
,
in
lieu
of
the
Ship-money
:
and
this
raised
new
discontents
and
grievances
;
And
dissolved
.
for
putting
a
stop
to
which
in
those
troublesome
times
,
the
Parliament
was
sooner
dissolved
than
many
could
have
wished
.
The
Scots
making
a
secret
Combination
with
the
Factious
,
invade
England
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Scots
,
whose
Forces
were
not
so
dispersed
,
but
that
they
might
be
speedily
drawn
together
into
a
body
,
nicking
the
opportunity
,
and
by
Agents
entring
into
a
Combination
with
the
factious
of
England
,
under
pretext
of
petitioning
the
King
,
came
in
a
hostile
manner
into
England
;
and
having
beat
some
Troops
that
guarded
the
passage
of
the
River
Tine
,
put
all
into
fear
and
consternation
,
took
Newcastle
and
other
Towns
unprovided
for
defence
,
and
fortified
them
.
Having
made
a
Truce
,
the
Judgment
of
the
Parliament
is
expected
.
And
though
Strafford
,
with
the
new-raised
Army
under
his
command
,
had
undertaken
to
drive
them
out
of
the
Kingdom
;
yet
the
most
merciful
King
chose
rather
to
refer
the
matter
to
a
Parliament
,
than
without
publick
consent
to
pollute
the
Kingdom
with
bloud
and
slaughter
.
A
Truce
was
therefore
made
,
whereby
the
Scots
were
allowed
a
free
Trade
and
Commerce
,
with
liberty
to
raise
Contributions
in
the
Counties
where
they
lay
;
and
so
a
Parliament
was
called
,
by
whose
prudence
and
Loyalty
it
was
hoped
all
roots
and
Fibres
of
Animosities
might
be
extirpated
.
The
Parliament
meets
.
The
Factious
in
it
.
The
Parliament
being
met
,
the
Factious
who
in
great
numbers
had
got
into
the
House
of
Commons
,
trusting
now
to
the
Patronage
of
the
Scots
,
and
the
Disorders
of
the
times
,
set
about
their
business
manfully
;
they
represent
Grievances
both
publick
and
private
▪
accuse
Courtiers
and
Magistrates
,
and
dart
obliquely
reproaches
against
the
King
himself
,
exaggerating
all
with
the
highest
strains
of
their
Rhetorick
.
Who
under
pretext
of
reforming
Grievances
,
endeavour
to
new-model
the
Government
both
in
Church
and
State
And
by
what
steps
.
Under
pretext
of
reforming
these
Abuses
,
they
labour
to
overturn
both
Church
and
State
,
and
,
in
imitation
of
the
Scots
,
to
new-model
the
Government
;
and
that
by
these
steps
:
If
,
in
the
first
place
,
they
could
deprive
the
King
of
the
Counsels
and
Assistance
,
of
his
most
faithful
Subjects
,
and
by
loading
him
with
Reproaches
and
false
Crimes
,
render
him
odious
to
the
People
,
and
strip
him
of
all
Power
and
Authority
,
they
would
next
screw
themselves
into
publick
Offices
and
the
power
of
the
Militia
;
and
then
with
absolute
dominion
give
Laws
both
to
the
King
and
People
.
The
Earl
of
Strafford
and
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
are
accused
of
High-Treason
,
Many
are
accused
;
the
E.
of
Strafford
,
and
Arshb
.
of
Canterbury
.
both
the
English
and
Scots
impeaching
them
.
Against
Strafford
,
also
out
of
Ireland
(
where
the
greatest
matter
of
accusation
was
to
be
pickt
up
)
both
Witnesses
and
Accusers
are
brought
.
For
whilst
he
was
Deputy
of
Ireland
;
he
had
by
some
severities
(
which
though
perhaps
they
could
not
stand
the
test
of
the
punctilio's
and
niceties
of
Law
,
yet
were
necessary
for
the
publick
)
raised
the
indignation
of
the
Inhabitants
;
in
that
he
endeavoured
to
reclaim
the
native
Irish
from
their
wonted
Barbarity
,
to
Industry
,
Civility
,
and
better
Manners
,
and
to
enure
them
to
the
Customs
and
Practices
of
the
English
.
Whence
in
a
short
time
he
had
been
so
successful
in
this
,
that
having
setled
Trades
,
Husbandry
,
and
Commerce
amongst
those
lazy
and
stubborn
people
,
they
began
to
flourish
more
than
in
all
Ages
before
,
and
to
bring
money
into
the
Exchequer
of
England
,
which
by
Rebellions
they
had
so
often
exhausted
before
.
From
amongst
these
,
though
they
were
Roman
Catholicks
,
and
sworn
enemies
to
the
English
Government
,
and
even
then
plotting
a
Conspiracy
against
it
,
Accusers
in
name
of
the
Kingdom
of
Ireland
,
and
Witnesses
were
sent
for
,
who
being
prone
enough
of
themselves
to
the
work
,
that
they
might
the
more
securely
attempt
the
Rebellion
which
then
they
hatched
in
their
minds
,
(
the
wise
Deputy
being
taken
off
)
were
by
all
civilities
and
kind
offices
caressed
by
the
Factious
,
that
by
accumulated
crimes
they
might
overwhelm
Strafford
.
The
Lord
Keeper
Finch
was
also
accused
,
The
L.
Keeper
,
Judges
,
and
all
the
Judges
,
who
being
sworn
,
had
after
long
deliberation
,
declared
in
favour
of
the
King
,
as
to
the
lawfulness
of
Ship-money
:
Twelve
Bishops
also
,
And
twelve
Bishops
.
who
by
the
riotous
Rabble
having
been
barred
from
coming
into
the
House
of
Lords
,
protested
against
all
Laws
that
should
be
made
as
invalid
,
until
all
that
were
concerned
in
the
Council
of
the
Kingdom
might
safely
be
present
.
Others
withdrew
,
to
avoid
the
impendent
storm
.
The
terrified
Judges
are
freely
discharged
.
The
Judges
scared
with
this
Parliamentary
Thunderclap
,
and
taught
to
obey
their
Lords
and
Masters
,
are
at
last
all
freely
discharged
;
and
some
of
them
continued
in
their
places
,
or
promoted
to
higher
.
The
Bishops
also
being
deprived
of
the
right
of
voting
in
the
House
of
Lords
.
The
Bishops
having
lost
their
power
of
voting
in
the
Lords
House
by
a
Law
made
in
their
absence
,
being
likewise
set
at
liberty
,
Canterbury
is
reserved
for
a
future
Sacrifice
.
All
the
Storm
,
at
present
,
fell
upon
the
head
of
the
Earl
of
Strafford
,
whose
Tragedy
,
since
it
lay
heavy
upon
the
King
during
his
whole
life
,
and
at
his
death
,
and
that
he
by
the
Rebels
was
reckoned
the
most
guilty
,
I
shall
more
fully
relate
,
that
by
the
instance
of
one
,
judgment
may
be
made
of
the
rest
,
what
kind
of
men
they
were
who
were
so
hated
by
the
Parliament
.
Strafford
is
brought
to
his
tryal
before
the
House
of
Lords
the
King
over-hearing
.
With
great
pomp
he
is
accused
by
the
Commons
of
twenty
eight
Articles
of
High
Treason
before
the
House
of
Lords
;
all
the
Commons
were
present
,
of
whom
six
of
the
most
violent
were
his
Prosecutors
or
Managers
of
the
Tryal
;
the
King
also
,
Queen
and
Prince
being
there
privately
behind
the
Curtain
.
The
weight
of
his
Impeachment
lay
in
this
:
That
in
Ireland
he
had
acted
many
things
arbitrarily
contrary
to
Law
:
That
in
time
of
Peace
he
had
raised
Money
of
the
Inhabitants
against
their
wills
by
Military
Exactions
:
That
he
had
advised
the
King
to
force
the
Subjects
of
England
to
obedience
by
foreign
Arms
,
and
to
make
War
against
Scotland
.
The
Tryal
lasted
many
days
;
during
which
,
The
Earl
in
his
defence
clears
himself
of
the
Accusation
.
the
Earl
with
great
presence
of
mind
and
judgment
defending
himself
,
so
refuted
the
Arguments
of
his
Prosecutors
,
that
amongst
so
many
Articles
there
was
not
one
(
even
in
the
judgment
of
his
enemies
)
that
could
amount
to
Treason
,
nor
could
all
put
together
be
constructed
an
acumulative
Treason
;
which
inraged
the
House
of
Commons
so
far
,
that
having
no
colour
of
Law
to
take
his
life
,
they
make
a
new
Law
ex
post
facto
,
The
House
of
Commons
make
a
new
Law
,
whereby
they
make
him
guilty
of
Treason
.
Not
without
opposition
,
many
dissenting
.
whereby
he
is
made
guilty
of
High-Treason
,
with
a
clause
therein
,
That
it
should
not
be
made
a
Precedent
in
other
Courts
.
But
this
past
not
without
great
debate
and
opposition
,
many
speaking
and
arguing
to
the
contrary
,
and
fifty
nine
of
the
chief
Members
of
the
House
dissenting
;
whose
names
were
posted
up
in
publick
places
,
that
being
exposed
to
the
view
and
fury
of
the
Mobile
,
they
might
learn
to
vote
with
the
Factious
for
the
future
,
if
they
had
not
rather
be
torn
in
pieces
alive
.
This
Bill
was
in
two
days
time
past
and
engrossed
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
and
carried
up
to
the
Lords
for
their
consent
;
but
a
matter
of
such
moment
was
more
seriously
deliberated
about
there
.
The
Lords
deliberating
more
seriously
.
The
Factious
impatient
of
this
delay
,
stir
up
the
Rabble
and
Dregs
of
the
People
,
who
armed
with
Staves
and
Clubs
,
and
what
Weapons
Rage
put
into
their
hands
,
The
Rabble
beset
the
House
,
came
rushing
to
the
Parliament-house
,
roaring
out
,
Justice
,
Justice
;
and
growing
dayly
more
and
more
insolent
,
morning
and
evening
persisted
in
their
riotous
Clamours
.
These
Blades
besetting
the
House
of
Lords
,
And
hinder
the
Lords
and
Bishops
from
entering
it
;
then
they
break
into
Westminster-Abbey
.
lay
hands
upon
what
Lords
and
Bishops
they
please
,
and
tossing
them
to
and
fro
,
hinder
them
from
entering
,
and
threaten
them
worse
if
they
obstinately
refused
to
comply
with
the
Commons
.
Next
,
they
break
in
into
Westminster-Abbey
,
pull
down
the
Organs
,
rob
the
Vestments
and
sacred
Furniture
of
the
Church
;
And
afterward
run
in
tumult
to
White-hall
.
And
answer
the
K.
sawcily
.
and
then
with
furious
clamours
run
to
White-hall
the
Kings
own
house
.
Nay
,
they
proceeded
to
that
impudence
,
as
to
dare
to
affront
the
King
by
sawcy
and
insolent
Answers
,
when
his
Majesty
from
a
Balcony
told
them
as
they
passed
by
White-hall
,
that
they
should
keep
at
home
and
mind
their
business
.
Whilst
the
Justices
of
Peace
repress
the
Tumults
,
they
are
imprisoned
by
the
factious
House
.
Whilst
some
of
the
Justices
of
Peace
,
according
to
their
Oath
and
duty
,
imprison
those
of
that
Rabble
whom
they
could
catch
,
to
be
kept
there
for
condign
punishment
;
they
themselves
are
clapt
up
by
the
factious
House
of
Commons
;
pretending
that
it
was
free
for
all
to
come
and
petition
the
Parliament
:
though
they
had
caused
the
Gates
of
London
to
be
shut
against
the
men
of
Kent
,
who
came
to
petition
the
contrary
,
and
frightened
others
who
intended
to
have
done
the
like
.
And
when
some
discreet
and
good
men
had
desired
the
Factious
,
that
they
would
at
length
lay
the
Devils
whom
they
had
raised
,
they
made
answer
,
That
they
ought
rather
to
thank
their
Friends
.
The
factious
Members
of
Parliament
consult
with
the
Apprentices
,
and
teach
them
the
time
and
manner
of
tumultuating
.
Nay
,
so
far
was
the
Parliamentary
Dignity
debased
,
that
many
times
Members
of
the
House
of
Commons
came
to
the
Clubs
of
Apprentices
,
where
they
consulted
about
,
related
and
examined
the
affairs
that
past
in
Parliament
,
what
was
designed
to
be
done
,
what
parts
they
themselves
were
to
act
,
and
when
.
Hence
their
Tumults
became
,
by
this
kind
of
schooling
,
in
a
manner
to
be
regular
,
being
distributed
into
proper
Classes
and
Fraternities
,
as
of
Porters
,
Watermen
,
Taylors
,
&c.
who
under
pretext
of
petitioning
,
at
the
least
hint
from
their
Demagogues
flocked
together
into
bodies
.
And
that
once
for
all
,
we
may
lay
open
the
nature
of
this
Sore
,
if
any
difficult
knot
occurred
,
which
by
other
arts
they
could
not
unty
,
they
presently
betook
themselves
to
this
Sword
to
cut
it
.
By
this
means
many
being
terrified
,
Whereby
the
Members
being
frightned
,
forbear
coming
to
the
House
,
and
are
therefore
excluded
.
Whence
the
Authority
of
Parliament
wears
out
of
date
.
and
thinking
it
safer
to
keep
at
home
,
and
abstain
from
coming
,
with
danger
to
the
House
,
for
that
fault
alone
they
were
excluded
by
the
prevailing
Faction
.
Others
who
did
appear
,
durst
not
for
fear
of
their
own
lives
,
give
their
Votes
freely
for
the
publick
Good
:
so
that
from
that
time
forward
all
authority
of
Parliament
seemed
to
be
worn
out
of
date
,
since
the
Riff-raff
of
the
People
challenged
the
right
of
voting
in
Parliament
,
and
put
a
restraint
upon
the
liberty
of
the
rest
.
But
to
return
to
Strafford
:
The
Lords
pass
the
Bill
against
the
Earl
of
Strafford
.
The
Lords
being
overcome
by
these
Arguments
,
succumb
;
and
scarcely
a
third
part
of
them
being
present
,
the
Bill
of
the
House
of
Commons
past
in
the
Lords
House
,
by
the
plurality
of
seven
voices
.
The
King
is
not
so
easily
prevailed
upon
,
The
Kings
consent
is
very
hardly
obtained
,
though
the
riotous
Rabble
,
hardly
forbearing
their
hands
,
continually
plagued
him
with
Clamours
and
Threatnings
;
and
the
Noblemen
and
Courtiers
that
were
about
him
,
plied
him
incessantly
with
their
Prayers
and
Remonstrances
.
Till
the
Judges
pronounced
it
lawful
,
the
Bishops
removed
his
scruples
,
And
Strafford
advised
him
to
it
.
Nor
would
he
signe
the
Bill
until
the
Judges
,
who
durst
not
so
much
as
mutter
against
the
actions
of
the
Parliament
and
People
,
satisfied
him
that
he
might
do
it
in
Law
,
and
some
Bishops
in
Conscience
;
and
until
the
brave
Earl
had
by
a
Letter
perswaded
and
almost
besought
him
to
do
it
,
like
another
Curtius
,
that
he
might
fall
a
Sacrifice
for
the
publick
Peace
,
and
the
safety
of
the
Royal
Family
.
The
Sentence
being
past
against
the
Earl
,
The
King
by
Letters
desires
the
execution
may
be
delayed
the
the
King
immediately
sent
the
Prince
with
Letters
to
the
Lords
,
earnestly
recommending
it
to
them
,
that
,
at
least
,
they
would
delay
the
execution
for
some
time
.
The
Lords
deny
it
.
But
they
having
sent
twelve
of
their
number
to
wait
upon
his
Majesty
,
perswade
him
that
without
great
danger
to
himself
and
Family
,
it
could
not
be
done
.
Courtiers
fearful
of
their
condition
,
freely
resigne
their
places
.
The
fall
of
so
great
a
man
from
the
very
Pinacle
of
Honour
,
terrified
the
inferiour
Lords
who
bore
publick
Offices
.
The
Master
of
the
Court
of
Wards
,
the
Lord
High
Treasurer
,
who
had
with
great
integrity
discharged
that
Office
,
and
the
Princes
Governour
,
freely
resigne
their
places
;
like
some
Creatures
,
who
biting
off
the
Prize
of
the
chace
,
escape
the
fury
of
the
Huntsmen
.
The
Sheriffs
&
Justices
of
the
Peace
comply
with
the
times
In
that
thing
alone
the
King
withstood
the
will
of
the
Parliament
:
In
the
rest
he
left
himself
in
a
manner
at
their
discretion
.
He
suffers
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Court
of
Stannaries
,
of
the
Court
of
the
President
of
Wales
,
to
be
lessened
.
The
Sheriffs
and
Justices
of
the
Peace
,
who
were
formerly
in
Office
,
comply
with
the
times
,
and
worship
the
rising
Sun
.
In
this
thing
almost
alone
the
King
abandoned
not
himself
wholly
to
the
will
of
the
Parliament
:
for
afterwards
he
granted
them
every
thing
that
they
themselves
were
not
ashamed
to
ask
.
The
Jurisdiction
of
the
Kings
honourable
Privy-Council
;
that
of
the
Court
of
Stannaries
,
wherein
by
Patent
from
the
King
,
the
Lord
Warden
decided
all
Controversies
relating
to
the
Labourers
in
the
Mines
,
and
the
Officers
concerned
in
that
work
;
as
also
of
the
Court
of
the
President
and
Council
of
Wales
established
in
the
marches
betwixt
England
&
Wales
,
wherein
,
as
in
Chancery
,
Law-suits
amongst
the
Inhabitants
,
were
by
the
Kings
Substitute
determined
according
to
the
Rules
of
Equity
,
were
stinted
and
limited
by
narrower
bounds
.
The
extent
of
the
Forests
also
be
abridged
.
The
Court
of
the
Star-Chamber
,
The
extent
also
of
the
Kings
Forests
and
Chaces
was
abridged
into
a
narrower
compass
.
The
Star-Chamber
,
wherein
the
Chancellor
of
the
Kingdom
being
President
,
greater
Crimes
,
which
were
not
at
all
,
or
not
sufficiently
provided
against
by
any
particular
positive
Law
,
were
tried
and
punished
;
such
as
Sedition
,
Conspiracy
,
Faction
,
Scandalum
Magnatum
,
&c.
and
those
also
who
by
cunning
or
power
eluded
the
force
of
the
Law
,
was
wholly
abrogated
.
And
of
the
High
Commission
,
to
be
abrogated
.
The
Court
of
High
Commission
,
wherein
the
Archbishop
presiding
,
some
Nobles
and
the
learned
in
the
Law
,
by
the
Kings
authority
,
past
sentence
upon
the
more
enormous
Crimes
that
fell
under
Ecclesiastical
censure
,
suffered
the
same
fate
also
.
The
Court
of
the
Lord
President
and
Council
of
the
North
was
abolished
,
As
also
that
of
the
Lord
President
and
Council
of
the
North.
which
for
a
long
time
had
administred
Justice
to
that
part
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
wherein
Seditions
,
Conspiracies
,
and
Associations
,
were
by
Royal
authority
supprest
,
and
Law-suits
about
civil
matters
determined
amongst
those
who
wanted
money
to
go
,
according
to
the
Laws
,
for
a
tryal
to
London
.
With
all
these
the
King
readily
parted
,
in
prospect
of
the
publick
good
,
though
they
were
shining
Jewels
in
the
Imperial
Crown
.
He
suffered
all
Monopolies
to
be
rescinded
,
He
allows
Monopolies
to
be
rescinded
.
leaving
it
fully
to
the
Parliament
to
punish
all
those
who
in
prosecution
of
them
had
acted
any
thing
contrary
to
Law
and
Justice
.
He
renounced
also
his
Right
of
raising
Souldiers
,
He
yields
up
also
his
right
of
levying
Souldiers
,
Ship-money
,
Tunnage
and
Poundage
.
and
the
Ship-money
,
(
in
lieu
of
which
alone
the
former
Parliament
had
offered
him
six
hundred
thousand
pounds
:
)
He
also
freely
parted
with
Tunnage
and
Poundage
,
which
none
of
the
Kings
his
Predecessors
,
who
without
any
interruption
had
enjoyed
it
past
all
prescription
,
would
ever
consent
to
.
And
that
all
Grievances
might
be
timely
remedied
for
the
future
,
Allows
also
a
Triennial
Parliament
.
and
that
no
Great
man
or
Magistrate
might
infringe
the
lately-granted
Concessions
,
or
oppress
the
People
,
if
he
himself
should
omit
to
call
a
Parliament
once
in
three
years
,
he
gave
power
to
the
Chancellor
to
issue
out
Writs
for
that
effect
;
and
the
Chancellor
failing
,
to
the
Lords
and
Sheriffs
;
and
in
fault
of
them
,
to
the
People
to
meet
for
Elections
.
Lastly
,
at
their
desire
he
granted
that
which
some
magnified
as
a
favour
exceeding
all
former
benefits
,
and
others
complained
of
as
a
mischief
surpassing
all
future
Grievances
,
And
that
the
present
Parliament
should
not
be
dissolved
without
the
consent
of
both
Houses
.
to
wit
,
That
they
might
have
time
to
pay
the
publick
Debts
,
and
secure
to
Posterity
the
Priviledges
granted
by
his
Majesty
,
he
suffered
a
Law
to
pass
whereby
the
Parliament
had
leave
to
sit
until
by
consent
of
both
Houses
it
should
be
thought
fit
to
dissolve
it
;
as
if
he
would
make
amends
for
the
many
intervals
of
Parliaments
,
by
the
long
continuance
of
one
.
Which
,
however
others
may
interpret
it
,
was
an
argument
of
his
great
candour
and
sincerity
towards
his
Subjects
,
or
at
least
a
symptom
of
a
mind
not
inclin'd
to
Violence
and
War
.
Yet
with
these
the
Factious
are
not
pleased
No
man
would
think
now
but
that
the
Kings
Power
was
abundantly
limited
,
and
that
the
Property
of
the
Subject
and
Priviledges
of
Parliament
were
sufficiently
enlarged
.
But
alas
!
these
Harpies
are
not
satisfied
;
and
one
of
them
made
answer
to
a
Gentleman
that
put
the
question
to
him
,
What
more
has
the
King
now
to
grant
?
That
he
may
,
said
he
,
lay
aside
all
Authority
,
and
commit
himself
and
the
management
of
all
Affairs
to
our
care
.
But
are
thereby
emboldened
to
raise
Animosities
and
Divisions
.
That
the
Factious
might
attain
their
ends
,
they
suggest
so
many
Fears
and
Jealousies
to
the
weaker
and
less
discerning
Members
,
that
like
the
heads
of
Hydra
,
more
Divisions
and
Animosities
sprung
from
the
Kings
grace
and
desire
of
appeasing
them
;
and
his
Concessions
so
far
from
satisfying
them
,
increased
onely
their
thirst
,
and
made
them
insolent
in
demanding
more
:
as
it
usually
happens
in
popular
Councils
,
where
the
people
once
infatuated
with
Jealousies
,
some
dance
to
the
Pipes
of
others
;
others
,
that
they
may
not
appear
shorter
sighted
,
or
less
publick
spirited
than
the
rest
,
see
Plots
beyond
the
Moon
,
and
look
for
joynts
in
a
Bull-rush
.
This
amongst
others
is
chiefly
to
be
observed
,
That
the
King
having
given
secret
orders
to
the
Army
then
on
foot
(
which
at
his
own
charge
he
had
raised
against
the
Scots
,
though
after
the
Truce
they
were
payed
by
the
Parliament
)
to
march
to
London
,
that
he
might
more
conveniently
repress
the
Tumults
and
Insolencies
of
the
People
;
it
was
by
the
Factious
charged
upon
him
as
a
Crime
.
But
though
he
might
lawfully
do
it
,
yet
they
examined
many
Officers
and
Souldiers
about
the
matter
,
and
finding
none
privy
to
it
,
they
made
it
their
chief
care
,
by
laying
all
the
blame
at
the
Kings
door
,
to
incense
the
People
more
against
him
.
Now
the
Parliament
has
leisure
,
The
Scots
are
sent
home
.
the
Power
being
in
their
hands
,
to
send
the
Scots
home
to
their
own
Country
;
who
having
received
a
promise
of
three
hundred
thousand
pounds
English
to
be
paid
within
three
years
,
and
being
loaded
with
Thanks
,
Pay
,
and
Booty
(
of
which
they
were
not
so
free
to
the
English
Army
)
they
departed
;
both
the
English
and
Irish
Armies
being
at
the
same
time
disbanded
.
Nay
,
The
English
&
Irish
Armies
are
also
disbanded
.
it
was
hotly
disputed
which
of
the
Armies
should
first
be
dismissed
,
this
or
that
,
till
at
length
with
much
ado
it
past
in
Parliament
,
that
both
should
be
disbanded
together
.
The
King
followed
the
Scots
into
Scotland
,
The
K.
follows
the
Scots
into
their
Country
.
where
having
called
a
Parliament
,
and
having
granted
and
confirmed
by
Law
whatever
Avarice
,
Ambition
,
and
Wantonness
could
devise
,
to
his
own
loss
he
reconciles
all
Parties
,
and
for
that
time
heals
up
all
wounds
of
War
and
Dissention
.
But
the
Parliament
dogs
the
King
with
Commissioners
as
spies
over
all
his
actions
,
who
under
pretext
of
cementing
a
stricter
Union
with
their
Friends
and
dear
Brethren
,
might
break
off
their
friendship
to
the
King
;
and
indeed
by
tales
,
whispers
,
and
crafty
insinuations
,
they
had
very
near
spoiled
all
the
Kings
business
at
that
time
.
The
Parliament
of
England
also
during
this
space
,
was
by
the
Votes
of
both
Houses
prorogued
to
a
certain
day
.
And
upon
his
return
is
feasted
by
the
Londoners
.
The
King
upon
his
return
was
received
with
applause
in
London
,
and
with
the
Queen
and
Royal
Issue
magnificently
feasted
by
the
City
;
which
the
Parliamentarians
and
some
others
took
ill
,
lest
the
Kings
Majesty
being
elevated
by
those
Congratulations
of
the
Citizens
,
might
think
the
people
had
received
sufficient
satisfaction
,
or
that
his
own
affairs
were
setled
to
advantage
.
And
the
King
having
sent
for
the
Lord
Mayor
and
chief
Citizens
to
Hampton-Court
,
gave
them
in
recompence
a
sumptuous
and
Princely
Treat
;
which
grated
upon
the
Factious
,
who
were
resolved
to
mingle
sorrows
with
their
joys
.
The
Factious
congratulate
the
Kings
return
by
a
defamatory
Declaration
.
After
some
days
,
they
congratulate
his
return
with
a
Declaration
,
or
rather
an
infamous
Libel
.
In
it
the
Parliamentarians
mustered
up
all
the
grievances
of
the
State
,
or
rather
the
murmurings
of
insolent
and
wanton
men
;
aggravating
with
the
utmost
spight
and
malice
,
whatever
had
been
committed
by
the
Courtiers
,
Courts
,
Magistrates
,
or
Kings
Officers
;
what
calamities
or
misfortunes
had
happened
during
his
whole
reign
,
yea
,
and
those
things
also
,
which
being
reformed
,
ought
justly
to
have
been
buried
in
silence
;
and
at
the
same
time
cause
it
to
be
printed
and
published
.
☞
This
was
forged
during
the
Kings
absence
,
being
moved
under
other
pretexts
by
the
chief
Sticklers
of
the
House
;
and
having
been
debated
from
three
in
the
afternoon
,
all
night
long
,
until
ten
next
morning
,
and
many
wise
men
in
the
mean
time
,
through
age
and
infirmity
,
and
others
(
which
is
far
worse
)
through
fear
and
cowardise
,
withdrawing
;
it
was
at
last
with
much
ado
approved
by
the
plurality
of
eleven
voices
.
To
which
the
King
shortly
answers
.
The
King
finding
fault
that
they
had
made
it
publick
without
expecting
his
Answer
,
a
few
days
after
published
another
Declaration
in
refutation
of
it
.
This
was
in
a
manner
the
first
Declaration
of
War
.
For
though
the
King
endeavoured
a
Cure
by
somentations
and
mollifying
Remedies
,
yet
the
Sore
festered
,
and
was
not
to
be
cured
without
Fire
and
Sword
.
The
Rabble
again
broke
out
into
Tumults
,
New
Tumults
for
snatching
the
power
of
the
Militia
out
of
the
K.'s
hands
.
under
colour
of
the
Ceremonies
,
Liturgie
,
and
Church-government
.
The
Factious
whisper
that
the
power
of
the
Militia
must
be
taken
out
of
the
Kings
hands
,
which
they
intended
immediately
to
seize
.
By
which
it
clearly
appeared
,
that
the
boldness
of
the
disaffected
,
and
the
ways
of
sedition
,
were
rather
encouraged
than
conquered
by
patience
;
and
that
the
Troubles
were
no
less
raised
by
the
consent
,
The
K.
obviates
the
Sedition
,
than
by
the
artifice
and
machination
of
the
Factious
;
the
King
having
discovered
some
of
them
to
have
been
accessary
to
the
Scottish
Invasion
.
That
the
King
therefore
might
not
always
suffer
things
to
go
on
,
but
obviate
,
and
timely
stifle
the
growing
Rebellion
in
the
bud
;
by
accusing
the
Heads
of
it
of
Treason
.
he
accuses
five
Commoners
and
one
of
the
Peers
of
High-Treason
,
and
desires
them
to
be
brought
to
a
fair
tryal
according
to
Law
,
before
the
Judges
of
the
Kingdom
.
But
the
Faction
growing
now
more
powerful
Whom
the
House
of
Commons
takes
into
protection
.
and
numerous
in
the
Parliament
(
many
good
men
also
being
over
sollicitous
lest
the
Priviledges
of
Parliament
might
be
in
the
least
infringed
)
the
House
of
Commons
,
which
durst
never
before
own
the
defence
of
any
who
were
accused
of
Felony
,
Murder
,
or
Treason
,
takes
them
into
protection
;
and
so
far
from
complying
with
the
King
who
undertook
the
prosecution
himself
,
they
rather
accuse
him
as
invading
the
Priviledges
of
Parliament
,
and
will
not
suffer
any
Member
to
be
brought
to
the
Bar
,
or
taken
off
by
accusations
from
the
care
of
the
Publick
,
or
that
the
Judges
and
Arbitrators
of
the
Affairs
of
the
Kingdom
,
should
be
disgraced
by
criminal
Processes
.
Wherefore
the
K.
enters
the
House
of
Commons
in
person
,
The
King
being
provoked
at
this
,
by
the
advice
of
some
of
his
Privy-Council
,
who
were
themselves
Members
of
the
House
,
went
to
Westminster-hall
,
attended
with
about
an
hundred
Noblemen
and
Gentlemen
with
their
Servants
,
and
commands
that
no
body
else
be
suffered
to
come
up
stairs
,
and
that
they
should
not
upon
any
provocation
offer
the
least
affront
to
any
man
:
Entering
the
House
of
Commons
,
accompanied
onely
by
the
Prince
Palatine
of
the
Rhyne
,
That
he
may
demand
them
:
he
demands
the
Incendiaries
to
be
delivered
up
to
him
,
and
promises
to
proceed
against
them
according
to
the
known
Laws
.
Who
fled
.
They
being
warned
,
as
it
was
reported
,
by
means
of
the
Earl
of
H.
and
of
a
Lady
who
was
now
willing
to
set
off
her
wit
as
formerly
she
had
done
her
beauty
,
the
gifts
of
different
Ages
,
amongst
the
Parliament-men
,
had
withdrawn
themselves
.
Wherefore
the
King
having
accused
the
Abscondents
,
returned
without
any
hurt
or
injury
done
to
any
man
.
But
when
he
perceived
that
the
Members
were
in
a
chaff
,
The
K.
afterward
desisted
,
and
in
a
manner
acknowledged
his
fault
.
and
highly
displeased
,
he
mildly
remitted
the
Suit
;
and
that
he
might
soften
the
angry
minds
of
the
men
,
he
retracted
what
he
had
done
,
and
in
a
manner
begg'd
pardon
for
his
fault
.
But
the
Factious
take
thence
occasion
of
slandering
,
and
of
raising
jealo●sies
&
stirs
.
Nevertheless
they
who
lay
continually
at
the
catch
,
to
blow
the
Coals
of
Jealousies
and
Offences
,
taking
hold
of
this
opportunity
of
inveighing
against
the
King
,
set
the
minds
of
the
ignorant
agog
,
and
scattered
abroad
in
all
places
such
sparks
of
Division
as
were
enough
to
put
the
whole
Kingdom
in
a
flame
.
Buckinghamshire
&
Essex
petition
.
The
Rabble
of
the
neighbouring
Counties
,
to
wit
,
of
Buckinghamshire
and
Essex
,
are
egg'd
on
;
that
being
armed
in
several
bodies
,
they
might
come
and
petition
,
that
their
Members
might
have
free
liberty
of
voting
,
and
that
their
Priviledges
might
be
kept
inviolate
:
Although
the
Kentish-men
who
came
to
supplicate
on
the
other
side
,
were
denied
liberty
to
enter
the
Gates
of
London
;
and
others
who
were
about
to
do
the
like
,
were
restrained
by
threats
and
reproaches
.
So
that
by
polling
and
in
a
manner
mustering
the
people
,
they
give
the
signal
to
War
.
The
accused
Members
abscond
in
London
,
and
with
a
Guard
of
Citizens
are
conducted
to
the
Parliament-house
.
The
accused
Members
abscond
in
London
until
they
might
feel
the
pulses
,
and
stir
up
the
Citizens
to
draw
out
for
their
Guard
,
and
conduct
them
to
the
House
in
arms
and
triumph
.
The
King
being
advertised
of
this
,
though
at
that
time
by
the
care
and
contrivance
of
Gurney
the
then
Lord
Mayor
,
many
valiant
and
loyal
men
offered
themselves
to
mix
with
the
Croud
,
and
being
scattered
through
the
streets
like
Spectators
,
to
oppose
the
Army
if
they
attempted
any
thing
against
the
King
;
The
K.
withdraws
to
Windsor-Castle
.
yet
his
Majesty
hoping
that
these
storms
might
break
and
spend
themselves
by
giving
way
to
them
,
he
with
the
Queen
removed
to
Windsor-Castle
.
But
afterwards
the
Quarrel
rising
higher
,
having
sent
the
Queen
beyond
Sea
,
under
pretext
of
accompanying
her
eldest
Daughter
lately
married
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
over
into
Holland
;
Sends
the
Q
into
Holland
.
but
in
reality
that
she
might
pass
the
Winter
secure
from
the
future
storm
,
and
having
sent
for
the
Prince
,
whom
,
Sends
for
the
Prince
.
as
he
was
informed
,
the
Factious
did
intend
to
seize
by
authority
of
Parliament
,
he
moves
towards
York
;
Moves
towards
York
.
Having
first
sent
pacificatory
Letters
to
the
Parliament
.
but
not
before
he
wrote
to
the
Parliament
,
giving
them
the
reasons
of
his
departure
,
perswading
them
by
all
means
to
Peace
,
and
desiring
them
,
That
whatever
it
was
they
so
much
desired
that
he
would
grant
and
do
for
them
,
they
would
set
it
down
in
writing
;
that
without
ambiguiety
they
would
state
what
the
Parliament
and
People
claimed
;
and
what
on
the
other
hand
was
to
be
granted
to
the
King
:
and
he
religiously
protests
that
he
would
have
the
Rights
of
others
no
less
to
be
inviolate
than
his
own
,
and
that
he
would
most
willingly
give
his
consent
to
all
things
that
might
contribute
to
the
restoring
of
Peace
,
and
the
just
Rights
of
his
Crown
and
Kingdom
.
Which
notwithstanding
the
House
of
Commons
misinterpret
as
contrary
to
the
Priviledges
of
Parl.
and
pretend
to
be
in
great
fear
.
They
not
onely
slight
,
but
caluminate
this
goodness
of
so
gracious
a
King
,
as
if
it
were
contrary
to
the
Priviledges
of
Parliament
,
to
be
informed
what
was
fit
to
be
done
,
and
that
their
consultations
should
be
interrupted
by
Letters
.
It
can
hardly
be
exprest
how
much
the
House
of
Commons
proud
of
the
favour
of
the
Multitude
,
pretended
to
be
scared
at
these
admonitions
to
Peace
,
as
portending
new
dangers
and
ruine
in
disguise
.
Daring
,
alone
,
to
demand
the
power
of
the
Militia
:
Hence
laying
hold
of
the
opportunity
,
the
House
of
Commons
being
onely
the
third
and
lowest
Estate
of
the
Kingdom
,
(
the
Lords
being
as
yet
averse
from
so
unjust
a
desire
)
had
the
boldness
to
demand
that
the
power
of
all
Castles
and
Forts
,
and
of
the
Militia
,
should
be
put
into
their
hands
.
Which
when
they
could
not
obtain
,
they
stir
up
the
Corporations
to
take
up
Arms
of
their
own
accord
.
The
House
of
Commons
pass
a
Vote
for
ordering
the
Militia
by
Deputies
;
and
When
they
could
not
obtain
this
from
the
King
,
they
move
all
the
Towns
and
Corporations
that
sided
with
them
,
that
,
as
of
their
own
accord
,
they
should
make
musters
,
train
up
the
Youth
in
Military
Discipline
,
and
divide
them
into
Companies
;
which
was
afterward
confirmed
and
approved
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
as
done
according
to
Law
.
They
pass
also
a
Vote
in
their
own
House
,
that
by
Authority
of
Parliament
,
Deputies
should
be
named
in
each
County
,
To
exercise
,
arm
,
draw
out
and
muster
the
Youth
,
and
those
that
were
fit
to
carry
Arms
,
that
they
might
be
ready
upon
the
future
Orders
of
Parliament
,
for
suppressing
Rebellions
,
resisting
Invasions
,
&c.
having
prevailed
with
the
Lords
,
with
joynt
address
,
they
demand
the
Militia
of
the
King
,
upon
pretence
of
dangers
.
Having
at
length
by
their
known
Arts
prevailed
with
the
Lords
to
give
their
consent
,
both
Houses
joyn
in
an
Address
to
the
King
:
That
it
was
a
thing
not
onely
expedient
,
but
necessary
to
be
done
,
as
well
for
himself
as
for
the
State
;
pretending
fears
from
France
,
Germany
,
and
Spain
,
who
then
were
all
in
Arms
;
and
the
intelligence
they
had
from
Paris
,
Venice
,
and
Rome
,
that
the
restless
Papists
and
ill
men
were
plotting
and
contriving
how
they
might
overset
the
Parliament
of
England
,
and
the
reformed
Religion
.
The
King
,
The
K.
allows
a
share
in
the
power
of
the
Militia
,
reserving
to
himself
the
supreme
Authority
:
he
exhorts
them
to
moderation
and
peace
.
willing
to
grant
any
thing
for
Peace
sake
,
yields
them
a
share
in
the
power
of
the
Militia
for
a
certain
time
,
reserving
to
himself
the
supreme
Authority
,
whereby
he
might
be
able
to
maintain
the
Dignity
of
the
Crown
,
and
the
Rights
of
Parliament
:
He
approves
also
the
Deputies
appointed
by
them
,
(
some
Londoners
excepted
)
and
does
pathetically
exhort
and
adjure
them
,
That
at
length
laying
aside
vain
fears
and
mutual
jealousies
,
they
would
calmly
and
seriously
consider
by
what
means
the
troubled
State
,
divided
into
several
Factions
,
and
torn
almost
into
pieces
by
it self
,
might
be
united
again
into
one
,
and
that
since
no
former
Prince
had
made
greater
Concessions
to
his
Subjects
,
they
would
peaceably
enjoy
them
.
But
they
slighting
this
Indulgence
of
the
King
,
But
the
Factious
slight
these
things
,
fill
the
rest
with
idle
fears
,
and
by
them
stir
up
the
People
.
and
his
sound
Admonitions
,
impose
upon
the
rest
with
their
bugbears
of
Fears
and
Jealousies
.
They
ordered
strict
Watch
to
be
kept
in
suspected
places
,
the
Beacons
to
be
watch'd
,
and
prepare
Pilots
,
as
for
a
War
.
The
People
are
dayly
stirred
up
with
false
Rumours
spread
amongst
the
Multitude
;
On
Sundays
when
they
are
in
Church
at
their
Devotion
,
they
are
put
into
panick
fears
,
as
if
the
Papists
(
who
were
to
come
no
man
knew
whence
)
were
ready
to
burn
their
houses
,
and
to
mingle
their
Bloud
with
their
Prayers
;
and
by
and
by
again
,
that
their
throats
were
to
be
cut
by
enemies
lurking
in
the
Woods
and
Vaults
under
ground
.
And
many
,
though
not
the
wisest
,
of
the
Londoners
were
perswaded
that
the
River
of
Thames
was
to
be
blown
up
by
Gunpowder
to
drown
the
City
in
the
night-time
;
so
ridiculous
were
the
surmises
that
gave
occasion
to
most
fatal
changes
.
By
these
and
such-like
tricks
the
Populace
is
frightened
out
of
their
senses
,
and
resolved
to
do
any
thing
to
rid
themselves
of
these
apprehensions
.
Fearing
that
the
K.
might
possess
himself
of
the
Magazine
of
Hull
.
Amongst
the
other
preparatiss
to
War
(
all
the
particulars
whereof
it
is
not
our
designe
to
trace
)
the
cunninger
sort
smelt
a
Plot
;
as
if
the
King
in
his
progress
to
the
North
,
intended
to
seize
the
Town
and
well-provided
Magazine
of
Hull
,
which
might
be
of
great
consequence
in
carrying
on
the
War
.
They
send
Sir
John
Hotham
to
prevent
it
.
That
they
might
prevent
this
,
the
Factious
of
their
own
head
,
without
any
authority
from
both
Houses
,
give
the
government
of
the
place
to
Sir
John
Hotham
,
which
he
instantly
secured
with
a
Garison
and
the
assistance
of
some
Towns-men
.
Who
shuts
the
Gates
against
the
King
,
So
soon
as
the
King
had
notice
of
this
,
he
marched
thither
attended
with
his
Nobles
and
Servants
;
but
the
Gates
being
shut
,
and
Souldiers
planted
upon
the
Walls
,
he
is
denied
entrance
.
The
King
being
highly
offended
,
commands
the
Governour
to
let
him
enter
attended
onely
with
twenty
Gentlemen
on
horseback
;
And
is
proclaimed
Traitor
.
but
he
refusing
to
let
him
in
,
unless
alone
,
is
proclaimed
a
Traytor
:
and
the
King
by
Letters
to
the
Parliament
complains
,
and
demands
reparation
for
the
affront
.
He
is
justified
by
the
House
of
Commons
.
But
the
House
of
Commons
approve
Sir
John
Hotham's
Fact
,
and
vote
that
the
King
had
violated
the
Priviledges
of
Parliament
,
in
proclaiming
a
Member
of
the
House
guilty
of
Treason
.
Before
he
was
heard
in
their
House
,
they
give
Orders
to
the
Earl
of
Warwick
to
send
some
Souldiers
from
on
board
into
the
Town
,
Afterward
repenting
of
what
he
had
done
,
and
being
about
to
deliver
up
the
Town
to
the
K.
he
is
taken
,
&
with
his
Son
beheaded
.
and
to
transport
the
Magazine
from
thence
to
London
.
But
Sir
John
Hotham
repenting
too
late
,
when
he
perceived
that
these
Sparks
had
put
the
whole
Country
into
a
flame
;
having
afterwards
obtained
pardon
,
and
being
about
to
deliver
up
the
Town
to
the
King
,
was
taken
,
and
payed
to
the
Parliament
what
he
owed
to
the
King
;
both
he
and
his
Son
being
beheaded
.
Amongst
these
preludes
to
War
,
The
Parl.
sends
Proposals
of
Peace
to
the
King
.
there
is
some
mention
and
hopes
of
peace
;
for
after
some
months
the
Parliament
send
an
Answer
to
the
King's
Proposals
which
he
made
at
Windsor
upon
his
departure
for
the
North
,
in
nineteen
Articles
or
Demands
;
of
which
,
this
is
the
sum
.
1.
That
all
the
King's
Privy-Council
,
great
Officers
,
The
Parl.
Propositions
to
the
King
.
and
Ministers
of
State
may
be
put
out
,
excepting
such
as
the
Parliament
shall
approve
,
and
to
assigne
them
an
Oath
.
2.
That
all
affairs
of
State
be
managed
by
the
Parliament
,
except
such
matters
as
are
transferred
by
them
to
the
Privy-Council
,
and
to
be
concluded
by
the
major
part
of
the
Nobility
under
their
hands
;
the
full
number
not
to
exceed
25
,
nor
under
15
:
and
if
any
place
fall
void
in
the
interval
of
Parliament
,
then
(
the
major
part
of
the
Council
)
to
chuse
one
to
be
confirmed
at
the
next
Session
of
Parliament
.
3.
That
all
the
great
Officers
of
the
Kingdom
shall
be
chosen
with
approbation
of
Parliament
,
&c.
as
before
said
.
4.
The
government
and
education
of
the
King's
Children
,
by
Parliament
,
&c.
ut
supra
.
5.
Their
Marriages
to
be
treated
and
concluded
by
Parliament
,
&c.
6.
The
Laws
against
Papists
,
Priests
,
and
others
,
be
executed
without
Toleration
or
Dispensation
,
except
by
Parliament
.
7.
No
Popish
Lord
or
Peer
to
have
vote
in
Parliament
,
and
their
children
to
be
educated
in
the
Protestant
Faith
.
8.
To
Reform
Church-government
as
the
Parliament
shall
advise
.
9.
To
settle
the
Militia
as
the
Parliament
have
ordered
,
and
for
the
King
to
recal
all
his
Declarations
published
against
their
Ordinances
therein
.
10.
All
Privy-Counsellers
and
Judges
to
take
Oath
for
maintenance
of
the
Petition
of
Right
,
and
other
Statutes
which
shall
be
made
this
Parliament
.
11.
All
Officers
placed
by
Parliament
to
hold
their
places
quam
diu
bene
se
gesserint
.
12.
All
Members
of
Parliament
put
out
during
this
time
,
be
restored
again
.
13.
The
Justice
of
Parliament
to
pass
upon
all
Delinquents
,
and
they
to
appear
or
abide
their
censure
.
14.
The
general
Pardon
to
pass
with
Exceptions
,
as
the
Parliament
shall
advise
.
15.
All
Forts
and
Castles
of
the
Kingdom
to
be
disposed
of
by
Parliament
,
ut
supra
.
16.
The
King
to
discharge
all
his
Guards
and
Forces
now
in
being
,
and
not
to
raise
any
other
but
in
case
of
actual
Rebellion
.
17.
The
King
to
enter
into
a
strict
Alliance
with
all
Reformed
States
,
for
their
assistance
to
recover
the
Rights
of
his
Royal
Sister
and
her
Princely
Issue
,
to
those
Dignities
and
Dominions
which
belong
unto
them
.
18.
To
clear
the
Lord
Kimbolton
and
the
five
Members
by
Act
of
Parliament
.
19.
No
Peer
hereafter
to
be
made
shall
sit
in
Parliament
without
their
consent
.
And
these
Articles
being
confirmed
,
the
Parliament
engage
to
make
him
a
happy
Prince
.
The
King
answers
.
To
these
Commands
rather
than
Articles
of
Peace
,
being
such
as
were
more
proper
to
move
Indignation
,
than
to
gain
an
Assent
;
the
King
sends
an
Answer
by
two
noble
and
discreet
Lords
,
the
Marquess
of
Hertford
and
the
Earl
of
Southampton
,
The
matter
comes
to
nothing
,
as
all
future
Treaties
&
Propositions
who
were
enjoyned
to
treat
on
more
equal
terms
in
the
House
of
Lords
.
But
they
not
being
admitted
,
the
Treaty
came
to
nothing
.
And
because
in
this
place
we
have
made
mention
of
Peace
and
Proposals
,
we
are
to
take
notice
,
that
afterwards
in
the
heat
of
the
War
,
at
the
instance
of
the
King
,
Propositions
of
Peace
being
mutually
sent
,
and
Commissioners
on
both
sides
twice
meeting
to
treat
about
it
,
nothing
could
be
effected
,
and
mostly
by
the
Parliaments
fault
.
For
seeing
they
proposed
such
severe
Conditions
on
their
own
parts
,
The
Parl.
proposing
most
rigid
Conditions
.
and
which
tended
onely
to
their
own
advantages
;
and
the
King
,
on
the
other
hand
,
such
just
and
equitable
Terms
,
more
favourable
to
the
Parliament
and
State
,
than
to
himself
and
Family
;
the
People
began
to
be
enraged
and
to
fall
off
dayly
from
the
Parliament
.
The
King
of
France
also
,
(
how
sincerely
,
The
mediation
of
the
K.
of
France
,
the
States
of
the
United
Provinces
,
and
of
the
Scots
,
is
rejected
.
I
shall
not
judge
)
and
the
States
of
the
Vnited
Provinces
interposed
for
accommodating
the
differences
;
but
were
rejected
by
the
Parliament
:
and
the
Scots
,
who
likewise
offered
to
mediate
,
were
refused
by
the
King
as
partial
.
But
farewel
,
Peace
;
Bellona
is
now
at
the
doors
.
The
People
being
in
the
disposition
we
mentioned
before
,
The
Parl.
seizes
the
Militia
.
Deputies
were
sent
with
Commissions
into
all
the
Counties
;
and
the
Parliamentarian
Rebels
by
force
and
their
own
authority
,
invade
the
Militia
,
which
they
could
not
obtain
from
the
King
by
petitioning
.
The
King
on
the
contrary
commands
them
to
desist
upon
pain
of
Treason
,
The
K.
commands
the
contrary
,
citing
Laws
that
are
against
it
.
citing
the
Act
of
the
25
Edw.
3.
whereby
,
To
contrive
the
death
of
the
King
,
Queen
,
or
Prince
,
to
violate
the
Queen
or
the
Wife
of
the
Prince
,
to
take
up
Arms
against
the
King
,
to
assist
the
Kings
enemies
within
or
without
the
Kingdom
,
to
counterfeit
the
great
Seal
or
Kings
Coyn
,
are
for
the
future
declared
to
be
Treason
,
having
also
alleadged
other
Acts
,
whereby
it
is
declared
,
That
the
power
of
the
Militia
and
taking
up
of
Arms
,
belongs
onely
to
the
King
.
They
answer
.
But
they
make
answer
,
That
the
Letter
of
the
Law
is
for
the
King
,
but
the
mind
of
it
for
them
:
That
it
is
not
forbidden
to
take
up
Arms
against
the
Kings
Person
,
but
against
his
Authority
;
which
being
in
all
Courts
of
Judicature
,
was
most
eminently
in
the
Parliament
.
And
the
K.'s
Majesty
replies
,
To
this
the
King
replies
,
That
that
distinction
was
condemned
above
three
hundred
years
since
,
when
the
Spencers
under
that
cover
carrying
on
Sedition
,
were
condemned
to
death
by
the
Parliament
.
That
besides
,
the
present
Parliament
was
not
free
,
but
the
better
part
of
the
Members
being
excluded
,
the
rest
were
slaves
to
the
Faction
.
And
opposes
the
Aggressors
.
These
courses
taking
no
effect
,
the
King
also
sends
Deputies
into
all
Counties
,
with
authority
from
his
Majesty
,
to
array
and
arm
the
Subjects
,
and
to
have
fit
men
in
readiness
(
if
necessity
should
require
)
for
suppressing
Rebellions
and
Seditions
.
And
from
this
we
may
date
our
Sorrows
and
Calamities
:
whilst
the
King
endeavouring
to
maintain
his
ancient
Rights
,
and
they
again
to
invade
them
,
War
breaks
out
in
the
Kingdom
.
But
the
Match
was
unequal
,
on
what
side
soever
the
Right
stood
:
The
Parliament
,
superiour
in
strength
,
prevails
,
and
in
most
Counties
usurps
the
Government
;
the
Royal
Cause
being
very
weak
,
and
in
a
few
Counties
struggling
for
life
:
With
no
greater
difficulty
also
the
Fleet
under
the
command
of
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
is
divided
;
but
all
this
still
without
any
fighting
.
They
skirmish
on
both
sides
in
Apologies
and
Manifesto's
,
wherein
the
K.
has
the
better
.
There
was
much
skirmishing
,
indeed
on
both
sides
by
Apologies
and
Manifesto's
;
but
after
that
the
King
,
in
the
judgment
of
most
men
,
had
got
the
better
on
't
at
the
Pen
,
at
length
they
come
to
try
the
matter
by
Armies
and
the
Sword
.
The
Parl.
levies
an
Army
,
It
was
easie
for
the
Parliament
to
raise
an
Army
in
London
,
a
City
abounding
with
swarms
of
seditious
and
restless
men
,
where
so
many
Arms
,
so
great
quantity
of
Provision
and
Ammunition
,
so
much
Money
,
and
so
many
thousand
pieces
of
Ordnance
were
ready
at
hand
.
Where
by
the
publick
Declarations
of
so
many
specious
Causes
,
for
which
it
might
seem
even
honourable
to
die
,
and
the
plausible
Motto's
in
their
Colours
,
they
inflamed
the
minds
of
the
deluded
Rabble
more
than
with
the
sound
of
the
Trumpet
or
Drum
;
pretending
,
Having
deceived
the
People
by
wheedles
,
forsooth
,
That
they
took
Arms
for
the
defence
of
the
Kings
Person
,
and
to
remove
evil
Counsellors
from
him
;
for
maintaining
the
Priviledges
of
Parliament
,
and
the
preservation
of
the
Reformed
Religion
;
for
asserting
the
Laws
and
ancient
Government
of
England
,
nay
and
for
securing
their
Religion
,
Lives
,
and
Estates
:
and
therefore
inviting
all
to
their
assistance
.
By
which
Artifices
the
Preachers
being
bewitched
,
And
the
Ministers
.
who
were
desirous
of
a
change
in
the
Church-government
,
and
somewhat
tickled
with
the
hopes
(
which
the
Rebels
had
roundly
promised
)
that
the
Livings
of
the
Loyal
Clergy
,
and
the
fat
Benefices
of
the
Bishops
,
Deans
,
and
Chapters
,
would
fall
to
their
share
in
the
Dividend
;
they
sound
the
Trumpet
to
Rebellion
from
the
Pulpit
,
from
whence
they
ought
to
have
preached
the
Gospel
of
Peace
.
The
People
upon
this
,
spurred
on
with
other
hopes
of
a
future
Golden
Age
,
and
of
the
temporal
reign
of
the
Messias
,
comes
flocking
from
all
quarters
,
the
men
bringing
a
vast
quantity
of
Money
and
Plate
,
and
the
women
their
Wedding-Rings
,
Thimbles
,
and
Bodkins
,
and
without
any
regard
to
their
Families
,
by
a
strange
kind
of
a
phrenzy
,
casting
them
into
the
publick
Stock
or
Treasury
.
The
men
strove
who
should
be
first
to
list
themselves
in
this
holy
War
:
whence
in
a
short
time
,
there
was
an
Army
of
about
twenty
thousand
men
got
together
,
before
the
King
had
levied
five
hundred
for
his
defence
;
and
they
also
having
more
Cannon
than
he
had
Muskets
in
his
possession
.
They
raise
Pay
.
For
raising
Pay
for
their
Army
,
besides
the
profuse
Contributions
and
Benevolences
of
the
People
,
they
seize
the
Goods
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
whom
they
knew
to
be
of
the
Kings
Party
;
they
fall
also
upon
the
Revenues
of
the
Bishops
,
Prince
,
Queen
,
and
of
the
King
himself
,
by
way
of
sequestration
:
so
that
the
Kings
Majesty
was
forced
to
complain
,
That
they
had
not
left
him
enough
to
live
on
.
And
now
they
thought
there
was
no
more
to
be
done
,
but
to
march
,
and
seize
the
person
of
the
King
,
who
was
overcome
;
and
in
a
manner
taken
in
a
toyl
;
which
they
doubted
not
to
promise
themselves
to
be
done
within
the
space
of
a
month
.
Who
favour
the
King
.
But
the
Will
of
God
was
otherwise
:
for
the
Juggles
of
the
Rebels
had
not
so
blinded
the
understanding
of
the
English
,
but
that
most
part
of
the
Lords
and
Peers
of
the
Vpper
House
,
and
almost
an
equal
number
of
the
Lower
,
who
for
Estates
and
Quality
far
exceeded
the
rest
,
went
over
to
the
Kings
Party
.
Many
also
of
those
who
tarried
at
London
favoured
the
Royal
Cause
in
secret
,
and
in
all
Counties
of
the
Kingdom
there
were
many
Gentlemen
and
common
people
that
stood
for
the
interest
of
the
King
.
By
their
assistance
and
his
own
authority
,
the
King
raises
an
Army
,
such
as
he
could
.
By
the
assistance
of
these
and
the
Royal
Authority
,
which
,
like
the
Sun
in
an
eclipse
,
drew
together
a
crowd
of
Spectators
,
and
by
a
certain
pity
and
commiseration
of
some
men
who
were
ashamed
to
behold
the
Head
of
the
Kingdom
depressed
into
such
a
condition
,
as
to
be
forced
to
flie
from
the
Imperial
City
to
York
,
from
York
to
Nottingham
,
from
Nottingham
into
Shropshire
and
the
borders
of
Wales
;
after
he
had
wandered
up
and
down
above
four
months
,
long
and
in
vain
imploring
the
help
and
assistance
of
his
Subjects
,
the
King
at
length
got
together
a
kind
of
a
small
Army
,
which
afterwards
increased
to
greater
Forces
;
the
people
the
more
readily
flocking
to
the
King
,
because
with
him
they
thought
the
Government
must
stand
or
fall
.
Many
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
also
brought
what
Forces
they
could
to
the
Kings
Party
,
amongst
whom
(
not
to
rob
any
of
the
Honour
due
to
them
)
the
Loyalty
and
Interest
of
the
two
Marquesses
of
Hertford
and
Newcastle
was
eminently
conspicuous
;
of
whom
the
first
brought
with
him
a
considerable
Body
of
Dutch
;
and
the
other
,
almost
at
his
own
charge
,
raised
no
inconsiderable
Army
in
the
North
:
the
Queen
also
sending
over
Moneys
and
Arms
,
which
by
pawning
her
Jewels
she
had
raised
;
for
which
dutiful
office
to
her
Husband
,
the
Rebels
accuse
her
of
Treason
.
Whilst
these
Clouds
overcast
the
Sky
at
home
,
The
Irish
Rebellion
intervenes
.
a
dismal
Tempest
thunders
from
abroad
upon
the
heads
of
the
English
,
which
(
because
it
was
of
no
small
moment
as
to
our
affairs
)
that
I
may
not
wholly
pass
by
in
silence
,
the
Reader
must
cross
the
Sea
with
me
into
Ireland
.
The
Irish
,
who
always
bore
impatiently
the
Yoke
of
the
English
Government
,
&
out
of
a
natural
aversion
heightened
by
the
emulation
of
different
Religions
,
watched
for
an
opportunity
to
shake
off
the
one
,
and
to
assert
the
other
;
I
mean
,
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
,
did
now
attempt
the
Enterprize
,
which
long
before
they
had
formed
in
their
minds
.
For
the
whole
Nation
of
a
sudden
,
and
,
which
was
strange
,
by
a
clandestine
and
concealed
Conspiracy
,
fell
upon
the
English
scattered
over
Ireland
,
who
were
secure
,
and
expected
no
such
thing
,
turn
them
out
of
house
and
hold
,
and
without
distinction
of
Age
or
Sex
,
without
respect
to
Affinity
or
Relation
,
barbarously
butcher
many
thousands
,
like
so
many
humane
Sacrifices
to
their
Superstition
.
And
had
not
the
Conspiracy
been
detected
at
Dublin
,
and
in
other
places
,
the
more
cautious
running
to
Arms
had
not
withstood
their
fury
,
the
English
name
was
in
a
fair
way
of
being
totally
extinguished
in
Ireland
.
The
good
luck
was
,
that
the
very
day
before
the
intended
Insurrection
,
the
mystery
of
the
Plot
was
discovered
at
Dublin
by
an
Irish
Footman
belonging
to
Sir
John
Clotwaithie
,
who
having
refused
to
act
the
part
that
was
put
upon
him
in
the
Conspiracy
,
opened
the
whole
Intrigue
to
his
Master
,
who
presently
informed
the
Privy-Council
of
it
.
Though
many
of
the
Conspirators
fled
,
yet
two
of
the
chief
Incendiaries
and
Promoters
of
the
Rebellion
,
who
had
also
undertaken
to
surprize
Dublin-Castle
,
I
mean
,
Macquire
and
Macmahon
,
the
Incendiaries
of
the
Irish
Rebellion
,
are
taken
&
carried
to
London
.
the
Lord
Macquire
and
Macmahon
,
were
apprehended
.
Being
committed
to
Prison
,
they
were
afterwards
conveyed
to
London
;
where
having
long
suffered
the
incommodities
of
a
Prison
,
(
that
we
may
at
once
make
an
end
of
them
)
they
made
their
escape
;
but
being
by
another
Irish-man
betrayed
,
in
the
absence
of
the
King
,
who
was
then
inevitably
engaged
in
a
War
with
his
Subjects
of
England
,
they
were
taken
,
and
at
the
Kings-bench-bar
tried
for
High-Treason
.
Macquire
being
found
guilty
by
a
Jury
,
There
to
be
punished
with
the
utmost
rigour
.
had
sentence
pronounced
against
him
according
to
the
Laws
of
the
Country
:
That
he
should
be
dragged
to
Tyburn
in
a
Hurdle
,
hang'd
by
the
neck
till
he
be
half
dead
,
his
privy
Members
and
Bowels
burnt
before
his
face
,
his
Head
cut
off
and
set
upon
London-bridge
,
and
his
Quarters
upon
four
Gates
of
the
City
.
This
Sentence
was
punctually
executed
in
the
presence
of
the
Sheriff
of
London
,
and
fifteen
thousand
Spectators
at
least
.
Macquire
upon
the
brink
of
death
.
Nor
is
it
to
be
omitted
that
the
Sheriff
having
adjured
Macquire
by
the
dreadful
Tribunal
of
God
,
before
which
shortly
he
was
to
appear
,
and
the
clearing
and
easing
of
his
Conscience
,
which
was
then
or
never
to
be
done
,
that
he
would
ingenuously
confess
whom
he
knew
to
be
guilty
of
the
same
Crime
;
though
the
Rope
was
about
his
neck
,
and
he
half
up
the
Ladder
,
Constantly
asserts
the
innocence
of
the
K.
yet
by
name
he
acquitted
King
Charles
from
being
any
ways
privy
to
it
;
solemnly
professing
that
he
knew
no
English-man
but
one
,
and
he
a
Papist
,
that
had
any
hand
in
the
matter
.
Nay
,
and
being
cast
off
the
Ladder
,
and
when
after
he
had
tried
what
hanging
was
,
he
was
a
little
reprieved
,
and
had
no
small
hopes
given
him
of
a
pardon
;
he
still
persisted
in
the
same
protestation
.
But
in
the
Pulpits
,
Clubs
,
and
publick
Pamphlets
,
Vpon
whom
nevertheless
the
Rebels
charge
the
Crime
.
the
Crime
was
charged
upon
King
Charles
;
nor
did
the
Rebels
blush
to
asperse
even
the
sacred
and
innocent
Majesty
of
the
King
with
so
heinous
a
guilt
,
hoping
that
whilst
they
continued
so
boldly
to
vent
their
Calumnies
and
Slanders
against
him
,
some
of
them
at
least
would
stick
.
The
Irish
Nobility
and
Priests
,
Who
were
the
Authors
of
it
,
who
were
the
chief
Actors
in
this
Tragedy
,
were
encouraged
to
the
Villany
by
the
late
successes
of
the
Scots
,
who
(
to
speak
in
the
language
of
Sir
John
Temple
,
a
Privy-Counsellor
of
that
Kingdom
,
And
what
opportunities
they
made
use
of
.
who
wrote
the
History
of
those
Troubles
)
having
happily
succeeded
in
their
attempts
,
obtained
by
their
last
Commotions
considerable
Priviledges
from
the
King
.
To
this
adde
,
that
our
intestine
Troubles
seemed
to
offer
fair
opportunity
of
changes
,
it
being
very
rational
and
easie
to
conjecture
,
that
the
English
being
ready
to
fall
together
by
the
ears
at
home
,
there
was
no
fear
that
they
would
cross
over
to
Ireland
to
defend
and
assist
their
Colonies
in
that
Kingdom
.
Their
boldness
was
increased
by
the
Interregnum
occasioned
by
the
murder
of
Strafford
,
and
the
change
of
the
Magistrates
,
of
whom
the
severer
and
best
acquainted
with
the
State
of
that
Kingdom
,
were
by
the
interest
of
the
Irish
Lords
,
whilst
they
prosecuted
Strafford
in
England
,
either
turned
out
of
place
,
or
accused
of
High-Treason
,
men
who
were
either
ignorant
of
the
Affairs
and
State
of
Ireland
,
or
who
were
prone
to
Rebellion
,
being
put
into
their
places
.
Being
thus
in
a
readiness
,
the
unseasonable
disbanding
of
an
Army
of
eight
thousand
Irish
who
had
been
raised
for
the
Scottish
expedition
,
did
not
a
little
strengthen
their
resolution
:
for
though
the
King
after
the
pacification
of
the
Scots
,
lest
they
might
occasion
Stirs
in
Ireland
,
had
permitted
the
Spanish
Embassadour
to
transport
four
thousand
of
them
;
yet
the
Irish
Lords
put
on
by
the
Conspirators
,
got
the
Parliament
,
under
pretext
that
the
French
King
might
take
it
ill
,
earnestly
to
beseech
that
it
might
not
be
done
.
And
afterwards
when
the
King
had
ordered
the
same
number
to
be
raised
for
the
service
of
the
French
,
without
any
reasons
alleadged
,
they
utterly
rejected
it
.
Very
few
of
the
Captains
and
Officers
of
that
Army
dishonoured
themselves
by
joyning
in
the
Rebellion
;
but
the
private
Souldiers
,
whose
custom
it
is
to
be
insolent
,
and
at
length
appear
valiant
when
they
are
about
to
be
dismissed
from
the
dangers
of
War
,
easily
rushed
into
that
Villany
.
By
what
arts
they
stir
up
the
Colonies
to
joyn
with
them
in
Rebellion
.
The
Lords
and
Priests
being
soothed
with
these
so
many
fair
opportunities
of
fishing
in
troubled
waters
,
that
they
might
weaken
our
Colonies
,
divide
and
distract
their
thoughts
,
and
in
the
mean
time
incense
the
Natives
to
slaughter
and
rapine
,
they
cast
about
all
ways
.
To
the
English
they
brag
,
That
the
Queen
is
in
their
Army
,
that
the
King
was
coming
with
an
Army
to
their
assistance
;
that
the
Scots
were
agreed
with
him
;
and
to
make
that
the
more
credible
,
amongst
the
slaughter
of
the
English
they
spare
the
Scots
:
They
give
out
that
they
have
the
Kings
Commission
,
and
act
by
virtue
of
his
authority
;
shewing
indeed
a
counterfeit
Commission
to
which
one
Plunket
,
with
the
consent
of
many
Lords
and
Priests
at
Farn-Abbey
,
had
appended
the
Kings
Seal
taken
from
another
old
Commission
,
as
appeared
by
the
confessions
of
a
great
many
afterwards
;
That
they
defend
the
King's
Cause
against
the
Puritans
.
Amongst
their
own
men
they
divulge
counterfeit
Letters
,
whereby
they
pretend
to
be
informed
from
England
,
That
there
was
an
Act
lately
past
whereby
all
the
Irish
were
to
be
forced
to
go
to
Church
and
assist
at
the
Devotion
of
the
Protestants
,
upon
pain
of
forfeiture
;
for
the
first
offence
,
of
their
Chattels
;
for
the
second
,
of
their
Lands
and
Inheritances
;
and
for
the
third
,
of
their
Lives
.
They
propose
,
besides
,
to
the
Natives
the
hopes
of
Liberty
,
and
of
recovering
their
ancient
Customs
:
That
the
English
Yoke
is
to
be
cast
off
,
a
King
to
be
chosen
of
their
own
Nation
,
and
the
Goods
and
Estates
of
the
English
to
be
divided
amongst
the
Natives
.
By
this
hope
of
booty
,
and
of
living
at
their
own
liberty
for
the
future
,
the
Irish
are
allured
to
the
War
;
and
being
egg'd
on
with
fury
and
rage
,
they
committed
such
horrid
and
heynous
Crimes
,
as
hardly
any
Age
can
parallel
.
The
King
foresaw
the
Storm
a
coming
whilst
he
was
in
Scotland
;
and
therefore
that
he
might
prevent
it
whilst
it
was
a
gathering
,
he
presently
dispatched
Sir
James
Hamilton
to
the
Lords
and
others
of
his
Majesties
Privy-Council
of
Ireland
,
with
instructions
,
and
what
money
he
could
raise
of
his
own
and
from
his
friends
on
the
sudden
.
He
earnestly
desires
the
assistance
of
the
Parliament
of
Scotland
,
and
acquaints
the
Parliament
of
England
with
it
also
:
But
the
one
,
under
pretext
that
Ireland
was
under
the
dominion
of
England
,
refuse
their
assistance
;
and
the
other
takes
but
little
notice
of
it
.
The
Factious
tacitly
rejoycing
that
new
Troubles
were
arising
to
the
King
,
and
that
Kingly
government
being
abolished
alike
in
all
the
three
Kingdoms
,
they
would
shortly
be
turned
into
so
many
free
Commonwealths
.
The
zeal
of
the
English
for
the
revenge
&
defence
of
their
Colonies
.
But
the
Sparks
breaking
out
into
a
flame
,
and
the
report
of
the
Irish
barbarity
being
in
every
bodies
mouth
,
the
Parliament
was
enraged
,
and
all
were
filled
with
an
extraordinary
zeal
of
revenging
the
bloud
of
their
Country-men
treacherously
killed
,
and
of
defending
and
protecting
the
surviving
.
For
the
charges
of
a
War
,
in
a
short
time
three
hundred
thousand
pound
English
was
raised
,
partly
by
benevolent
Contributions
,
and
partly
out
of
the
price
of
the
Lands
and
Inheritances
of
the
Rebels
,
which
by
the
Parliament
were
sold
,
to
be
after
the
Victory
(
that
the
goodness
of
the
Cause
made
them
not
doubt
of
)
distributed
amongst
the
Purchasers
;
Is
eluded
by
the
intestine
Broils
betwixt
the
King
and
Parliament
,
and
many
thousand
English
listed
themselves
for
the
service
.
Nevertheless
,
such
was
the
misery
of
this
Nation
,
that
that
which
is
wont
to
procure
some
short
Peace
at
least
,
amongst
those
who
are
at
greatest
variance
,
served
onely
to
inflame
our
Broils
.
And
mutual
Accusations
.
On
the
one
hand
,
they
who
were
altogether
given
to
changes
,
buzzing
I
know
not
what
fears
and
jealousies
into
the
ears
of
those
who
were
but
too
prone
to
make
the
worst
of
things
,
obtain
in
Parliament
,
that
the
War
be
not
carried
on
in
the
name
of
the
King
,
nor
that
any
Souldier
who
had
shew'd
his
Loyalty
to
the
King
,
or
had
served
in
the
Scottish
Expedition
,
should
be
admitted
into
this
War
.
And
for
managing
the
War
they
also
prefer
factious
men
,
and
such
as
were
ungrateful
to
the
King
.
On
the
other
hand
,
the
King
intended
to
lead
the
Army
against
the
Rebels
in
person
,
urging
and
insisting
,
That
he
might
use
the
right
and
power
of
War
,
which
the
Laws
and
Customs
of
the
Kingdom
entrusted
him
with
.
The
King
at
length
desiring
to
overcome
his
Competitors
by
courtesie
and
yielding
,
Which
at
length
are
quieted
upon
the
K.'s
yielding
his
Right
.
if
he
could
not
by
power
and
strength
,
consents
that
the
War
be
carried
on
in
his
own
and
the
Parliaments
name
,
and
that
the
Commissions
should
run
in
the
name
of
the
King
and
Parliament
;
granting
the
Parliament
the
power
of
levying
and
arming
the
Army
,
and
of
chusing
the
Generals
and
Commanders
;
and
the
King
reserving
to
himself
no
liberty
of
making
Peace
or
pardoning
the
Rebels
without
the
consent
of
Parliament
.
Yet
neither
so
did
the
swellings
of
the
Parliament
abate
:
for
not
long
after
,
They
break
out
again
.
(
the
Civil
War
breaking
out
in
England
)
the
Parliament
make
use
of
an
hundred
thousand
pound
raised
for
the
Irish
War
,
and
two
or
three
Regiments
of
men
that
were
to
be
sent
over
for
suppressing
that
Rebellion
,
for
oppressing
of
the
King
here
at
home
.
Nay
,
and
they
make
no
scruple
to
employ
the
money
that
was
charitably
collected
for
the
relief
of
the
poor
distressed
Protestants
,
and
for
building
of
Churches
,
in
paying
their
own
Souldiers
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
King's
Souldiers
seize
the
Ammunition
sent
by
the
Parliament
towards
Chester
;
which
,
so
soon
as
they
gave
it
out
that
it
was
designed
for
the
War
in
Ireland
,
the
King
commanded
to
be
restored
.
The
Parliament
,
that
by
putting
indignities
upon
the
King
,
they
might
raise
their
own
Reputation
,
alleadging
some
silly
slight
suspicions
,
are
not
ashamed
to
impute
the
Irish
Rebellion
to
the
King
as
the
Author
of
it
.
But
,
as
the
truth
was
,
his
Majesty
retorts
the
crime
and
infamy
of
it
with
far
better
reasons
,
upon
the
factious
Members
of
Parliament
.
Yet
these
things
hinder
not
but
that
our
Auxiliary
forces
b●at
the
Irish
Rebels
,
The
English
thrice
beat
the
Irish
.
and
put
them
to
flight
in
all
places
,
kill
,
plunder
,
burn
,
and
destroy
many
thousands
of
the
Natives
,
and
by
a
great
slaughter
revenge
the
murder
of
their
Country-men
.
But
at
the
same
time
they
lay
all
the
Country
waste
and
desolate
;
And
laid
the
Country
so
waste
,
that
for
want
of
necessaries
,
they
suffered
a
great
deal
of
misery
;
which
at
length
was
no
less
prejudicial
to
themselves
,
than
to
the
Natives
:
for
the
War
increasing
in
England
,
the
Souldiers
wanting
Corn
,
Ammunition
,
Clothes
,
Pay
,
and
indeed
all
things
necessary
,
and
at
length
being
unable
to
support
their
wants
,
it
is
hardly
to
be
exprest
what
miseries
and
calamities
our
Country-men
suffered
in
Ireland
;
And
desire
to
be
recalled
.
and
having
long
struggled
with
these
difficulties
,
and
with
all
importunity
,
but
in
vain
,
begg'd
assistance
from
the
Parliament
,
The
Privy-Council
of
the
Kingdom
,
Commanders
of
the
Army
,
and
the
Souldiers
themselves
write
to
the
King
,
earnestly
begging
to
be
disbanded
,
or
employed
in
other
service
,
where
they
might
have
any
Enemy
but
Hunger
to
fight
with
.
Wherefore
the
K.
commands
them
to
make
a
Truce
with
the
Irish
;
and
the
Scots
marching
into
England
,
The
King
at
length
,
seeing
the
Scots
were
coming
with
assistance
to
the
Parliament-forces
,
being
too
weak
to
make
head
against
the
Rebellion
,
moved
on
the
one
hand
by
his
own
necessities
,
and
on
the
other
by
the
importunate
Prayers
of
his
Subjects
,
commands
a
Truce
to
be
made
with
the
Irish
for
a
year
,
that
in
the
mean
time
,
if
it
were
possible
,
he
might
make
Peace
upon
good
terms
.
He
calls
over
the
Souldiers
for
his
own
defence
.
A
Truce
being
made
with
the
Irish
,
and
Forces
being
left
sufficient
for
maintaining
the
Garrisons
,
the
Souldiers
return
from
Ireland
to
the
assistance
of
the
King
,
whose
fortune
against
the
Parliament
at
home
manifestly
declined
.
But
the
Scots
,
who
inhabited
the
greatest
part
of
Vlster
,
By
whom
the
Truce
is
broken
.
supplied
with
Pay
and
Ammunition
by
the
Parliament
,
refuse
the
Truce
;
as
also
some
English
in
Connaught
and
Vlster
,
who
lived
in
good
correspondence
with
the
Scots
.
A
little
after
,
the
Lord
Inchiqueen
who
commanded
the
Munster-Forces
,
having
brought
over
some
thousands
of
men
to
the
Kings
assistance
,
when
he
thought
himself
not
treated
according
to
his
dignity
and
merit
,
flying
over
secretly
into
Ireland
,
tampers
first
with
those
of
Cork
,
and
then
with
all
such
of
the
Province
of
Munster
as
were
on
the
English
side
,
and
having
drawn
them
over
to
the
Parliament
,
he
rejects
the
Truce
;
and
is
presently
assisted
by
the
Scottish
Forces
,
and
supplied
with
Money
,
Provisions
,
and
Ammunition
from
the
Parliament
.
Ireland
being
now
delivered
from
the
English
Souldiers
,
the
Natives
lay
hold
on
the
opportunity
of
recovering
the
whole
Kingdom
under
the
command
of
Owen
Ro
General
of
the
Rebels
,
and
having
broken
the
truce
which
they
had
solemnly
made
,
and
arming
of
a
sudden
,
they
had
surprized
and
seized
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
,
not
dreaming
of
any
such
thing
,
had
he
not
,
being
informed
of
it
a
little
before
,
by
by-ways
mays
made
his
escape
to
Dublin
.
Having
afterward
joyned
their
Forces
,
The
K's
Forces
are
attacked
both
by
the
Irish
and
the
Parliamentarians
.
those
who
were
willing
to
keep
the
Truce
,
being
instigated
to
the
contrary
by
the
Nuncio
who
produced
the
Popes
Bull
,
they
all
together
besiege
the
City
of
Dublin
by
Land
,
whilst
at
the
same
time
the
Parliament-Ships
shut
up
the
Haven
.
The
Marquess
being
overmatched
by
the
Forces
of
three
Nations
,
And
being
overmatched
,
whatever
was
on
the
K.'s
side
in
Ireland
is
delivered
up
to
the
Parl.
acquaints
the
King
with
his
condition
;
who
sends
him
instructions
that
if
he
could
not
defend
the
City
,
he
should
rather
deliver
it
up
to
the
Parliament
,
than
suffer
it
to
fall
into
the
hands
of
the
Irish
.
Having
therefore
agreed
upon
Articles
,
amongst
which
it
was
one
,
That
he
should
have
liberty
to
go
to
the
King
,
that
he
might
give
his
Majesty
an
account
of
all
the
affairs
of
Ireland
;
the
Marquess
returned
into
England
,
and
found
the
King
at
Hampton-Court
,
environed
by
the
Parliaments
Rebel-Souldiers
:
where
being
informed
that
he
was
to
be
apprehended
by
Order
of
Parliament
,
he
secretly
withdrew
into
France
,
that
he
might
escape
their
Snares
.
The
K.
afterward
being
imprisoned
,
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
returns
with
new
in●tructions
&
authority
,
whereby
he
joyns
all
Parties
into
one
for
delivering
the
King
.
With
whom
many
English
,
Some
Irish
,
Not
long
after
,
when
the
King
was
committed
to
Prison
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
and
that
the
Rebels
had
cut
off
all
hopes
of
restoring
Peace
and
Liberty
by
their
Vote
of
no
more
addressing
to
the
King
,
(
of
which
more
hereafter
)
having
received
new
instruction
,
he
returned
in
quality
of
Lord-Lieutenant
into
Ireland
,
where
he
endeavoured
with
all
care
to
make
the
best
Peace
he
could
,
and
to
unite
the
English
,
Scots
,
and
Irish
for
the
assistance
of
the
King
.
The
Lord
Inchiqueen
with
the
English
under
his
command
,
joyns
him
.
Some
Irish
commanded
by
Preston
and
Taaff
,
not
forgetting
their
former
Truce
,
make
no
scruple
to
joyn
with
them
;
others
being
still
in
doubt
what
to
do
.
And
Scots
joyn
.
The
Scots
forbear
hostility
against
the
Kings
Party
,
and
march
against
the
Rebels
;
but
give
hopes
that
at
length
they
may
unite
with
the
Marquess
.
But
the
Parliament
Governour
resisting
,
And
now
Jones
Governour
of
Dublin
,
and
the
Parliament-forces
there
,
the
very
same
who
with
so
bitter
and
vehement
Reproaches
inveighed
against
the
Truce
and
Peace
made
by
Ormond
with
the
Papists
,
as
the
utter
ruining
of
their
Religion
,
was
caught
in
the
same
embraces
of
the
Whore
of
Babylon
:
Associates
with
the
Irish
Rebels
.
for
without
either
conscience
or
shame
they
at
length
make
a
strict
League
,
and
unite
their
Forces
with
Owen
Ro
the
General
of
the
Rebels
,
a
man
infamous
for
the
bloud
and
slaughter
of
the
English
against
the
Kings
Army
and
the
Protestants
.
The
discourse
returns
to
the
Troubles
of
England
.
But
now
from
foreign
miseries
,
(
though
indeed
they
be
not
altogether
foreign
)
which
though
happening
in
very
distant
times
,
yet
for
avoiding
frequent
digressions
,
we
thought
fit
to
present
to
the
Reader
under
one
view
;
Let
us
now
return
to
our
own
,
which
were
carried
on
with
far
greater
and
more
pitched
Battels
,
though
with
less
slaughter
and
treachery
,
the
fire
burning
but
slowly
,
because
,
to
our
sorrow
,
the
fuel
was
the
longer
to
last
.
Many
Battels
with
various
success
,
The
King
and
Parl.
fight
;
and
the
Victory
inclining
to
the
King
,
the
Rebels
lose
Courage
,
and
in
several
places
,
were
fought
betwixt
the
Kings
Forces
and
the
Parliament-Rebels
,
till
at
length
Fortune
breathing
favourably
upon
the
Kings
Banners
,
the
Rebels
began
to
lose
courage
,
and
many
that
had
been
Sticklers
in
the
Faction
,
to
desert
and
fall
off
from
their
Party
.
The
Parliament
being
reduced
to
streights
,
And
invite
the
Scots
to
their
assistance
.
invite
the
Scots
to
their
assistance
;
and
that
they
might
revive
the
expiring
and
almost
extinct
opinion
of
the
people
which
formerly
they
had
enjoyed
,
and
the
admiration
they
were
had
in
for
wonderful
zeal
for
the
Publick
Good
and
purity
of
Religion
,
and
at
the
same
time
time
drain
the
peoples
Purses
of
their
money
,
they
have
recourse
to
their
often-practised
tricks
.
They
forge
new
Calumnies
against
the
King
,
By
what
Arts
they
confirm
the
people
in
their
errours
:
by
calumnies
,
to
wit
,
against
the
K.
spread
amongst
the
Rabble
.
and
those
of
his
Party
;
and
spread
abroad
every-where
amongst
the
people
,
As
if
the
King
affected
an
absolute
tyrannical
Power
,
and
that
he
would
forfeit
the
Estates
of
all
those
who
had
been
against
him
;
that
he
would
make
Slaves
of
their
persons
,
and
leave
no
place
for
pardon
,
nor
the
least
footstep
of
their
ancient
Liberty
;
nay
,
and
that
renouncing
the
reformed
Religion
,
he
was
about
to
bring
in
Popery
,
whereby
all
would
be
forced
to
go
to
Mass
.
And
that
the
silly
ignorant
people
might
not
want
Pretexts
for
their
obstinacy
,
they
perswade
the
Rabble
,
That
the
Kings
Souldiers
being
accustomed
to
eat
mens
flesh
,
would
feed
and
feast
upon
them
;
nay
,
and
that
their
Dogs
and
Horses
,
bred
up
to
the
same
dishes
,
were
already
gaping
for
their
carcasses
.
Some
Sacrifices
being
offered
to
publick
Justice
;
They
appoint
some
remarkable
Sacrifices
to
be
offered
to
Publick
Justice
;
for
so
was
that
barbarous
practice
of
pleasing
the
Rabble
with
bloudy
Spectacles
,
and
gratifying
their
own
cruel
revenge
,
at
that
time
called
amongst
the
ignorant
people
:
Amongst
these
were
Sir
John
Hotham
and
his
Son
,
Carey
,
and
especially
(
that
the
friendship
of
the
Scots
might
be
cemented
with
Episcopal
bloud
)
William
Laud
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
;
he
being
condemned
of
High-Treason
,
by
a
partial
and
factious
sentence
of
the
House
of
Peers
,
(
who
according
to
the
ancient
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
,
cannot
,
without
the
Kings
consent
,
adjudge
the
meanest
person
to
death
;
)
and
they
by
a
Council
of
War
.
Prayers
,
Fasts
,
and
Thanksgivings
appointed
;
superstitious
Pictures
burnt
,
Crosses
and
Images
pull'd
down
;
They
appoint
days
of
Fasting
and
publick
Prayers
,
and
of
Thanksgiving
also
,
for
inconsiderable
Victories
;
publickly
,
and
with
great
solemnity
burn
the
Pictures
of
our
Saviour
,
the
Virgin
and
Saints
,
and
so
renew
their
Martyrdom
;
and
with
no
ordinary
devotion
pull
down
Crosses
and
Standards
bearing
the
Images
of
Saints
,
though
they
were
not
onely
ornamental
but
useful
in
the
chief
streets
of
London
.
Episcopacy
&
Service-book
being
abrogated
,
An
Assembly
is
called
;
They
also
vote
the
abrogation
of
Episcopacy
and
Service-book
,
and
commit
it
to
the
care
of
the
Assembly
to
frame
a
new
Church-government
,
and
manner
of
Divine
Worship
,
instead
of
them
;
of
which
,
the
Reader
I
hope
will
pardon
me
,
if
contrary
to
my
custom
I
discourse
a
little
more
largely
.
To
this
Assembly
two
Ministers
of
the
most
zealous
Enemies
of
the
Bishops
and
Liturgie
,
are
called
,
and
come
by
authority
of
the
House
of
Commons
;
some
of
the
Episcopal
Clergy
being
also
invited
,
who
having
no
command
from
the
King
,
refuse
to
come
,
and
give
place
to
some
of
the
more
eminent
Scottish
Ministers
to
mingle
with
them
.
These
having
long
hatched
,
at
length
bring
forth
a
Confession
of
Faith
,
Which
makes
a
Confession
of
Faith
,
a
Catechism
containing
the
heads
of
the
Christian
Religion
,
and
a
Directory
or
Scheme
of
publick
Worship
;
wherein
no
Set-forms
were
prescribed
,
but
a
certain
Rule
whereby
,
according
to
general
heads
appointed
for
all
occasions
,
the
Levites
of
the
new
Law
were
instructed
to
pour
out
their
extemporary
and
conceived
Prayers
.
The
Presbyterian
Government
and
Worship
were
likewise
established
,
to
be
administred
by
Pastors
,
And
a
new
Presbyterian
Government
in
the
Church
.
Teachers
,
Lay-Elders
,
and
Deacons
,
in
four
Courts
,
to
wit
,
the
Parochial
,
Classical
,
Provincial
,
and
National
.
The
Parochial
Court
consisted
of
one
or
two
Lay-Elders
at
least
,
and
one
or
two
Pastors
or
Ministers
,
according
to
the
nature
of
the
place
.
These
had
power
to
rule
over
the
Parishoners
,
and
weekly
to
meet
;
to
call
before
them
the
Parishoners
,
and
to
take
inspection
into
their
lives
and
manners
,
admitting
those
whom
they
thought
worthy
,
to
the
Communion
of
the
Lords
Supper
;
reproving
and
publickly
censuring
others
,
nay
,
and
for
some
time
debaring
them
from
the
Sacrament
,
if
they
were
guilty
of
any
offence
that
might
give
scandal
to
the
Congregation
;
and
to
excommunicate
those
that
would
not
submit
.
The
Classical
Court
or
Presbytery
,
was
to
meet
once
a
month
or
oftener
,
and
was
made
up
of
the
Deputies
of
twelve
Parishes
at
least
,
two
out
of
each
,
the
one
a
Church-man
,
and
the
other
a
Laick
;
or
sometimes
more
.
To
these
it
belonged
to
take
cognizance
of
the
aforementioned
matters
,
especially
if
any
difficulty
or
Appeal
intervened
;
to
correct
the
Ministers
themselves
,
give
orders
to
the
[
](A26767-e16350-b)*
*
These
Expectants
were
young
men
who
stood
candidates
for
the
Ministry
,
and
sought
to
obtain
Orders
.
Expectants
,
pronounce
sentence
of
Excommunication
,
and
to
determine
Cases
of
Conscience
,
and
Controversies
in
Doctrine
.
The
Provincial
Court
or
Assembly
consisting
of
Deputies
from
the
several
Classes
or
Presbyteries
of
the
whole
Province
both
of
the
Church
and
Laity
,
had
an
authority
superiour
to
the
former
.
Over
all
was
the
National
Assembly
,
the
supreme
Judicature
in
Ecclesiastical
affairs
,
which
had
power
to
make
or
rescind
the
Canons
or
Laws
of
the
Church
,
inflict
severer
punishments
,
and
to
determine
all
points
concerning
Manners
,
Church-discipline
,
and
Government
.
From
the
lowest
to
the
highest
of
these
Courts
,
it
was
lawful
to
appeal
.
This
assembly
endeavoured
to
have
no
Sect
allowed
the
liberty
of
Worship
,
but
all
to
be
extirpated
.
But
when
they
could
not
obtain
this
from
the
Parliament
,
in
which
were
many
Independents
,
Erastians
,
Anabaptists
,
and
Atheists
,
the
Rabble
interposeth
,
and
very
often
,
whilst
the
Presbyterians
were
at
the
helm
,
disturb
the
religious
meetings
of
the
other
Sectarians
by
hurling
of
Stones
amongst
them
.
The
liberty
of
a
great
many
being
,
contrary
to
expectation
,
restrained
,
the
Parliament
settle
the
Presbyterian
government
onely
for
three
years
,
that
in
that
time
they
might
have
a
tryal
how
it
would
fadge
.
This
Novelty
set
mens
humours
wonderfully
a
working
.
Many
Politicians
&
Lawyers
being
highly
displeased
.
The
Politicians
and
Lawyers
were
highly
offended
that
there
were
as
many
Judicatures
established
as
there
were
Parishes
in
England
,
and
these
almost
arbitrary
,
putting
the
Rule
into
the
hands
of
unskilful
men
,
and
for
the
most
part
incapable
of
government
,
and
began
to
foresee
at
a
distance
I
know
not
what
calamities
,
ready
to
spring
from
thence
,
in
Families
,
Parishes
,
Counties
,
nay
and
in
the
whole
Kingdom
also
.
And
others
also
.
Most
part
of
the
people
grumble
to
be
put
again
to
School
,
and
to
be
taught
the
Rudiments
and
Principles
of
their
Religion
,
wherein
they
thought
themselves
already
very
well
instructed
.
Those
that
were
zealous
for
Episcopal
government
and
the
Service-book
,
bite
the
bit
.
But
none
repined
more
than
the
Independants
,
Anabaptists
,
and
the
other
Sects
,
who
saw
their
beloved
liberty
of
Conscience
in
danger
;
for
which
they
had
at
first
taken
up
Arms
against
the
King
,
hazarded
their
lives
in
so
many
battels
,
and
suffered
so
much
labour
,
cost
,
watchings
,
and
danger
.
Nevertheless
,
the
Government
went
bravely
on
in
London
,
but
so
and
so
in
the
other
Cities
and
populous
Towns
,
and
but
very
coldly
in
the
Country
;
so
that
the
triennial
Essay
being
over
,
and
no
new
Act
made
to
confirm
it
,
it
had
much
ado
to
keep
life
.
And
thus
far
concerning
Church-affairs
,
which
we
thought
fit
to
relate
together
,
though
they
happened
not
all
at
the
same
time
.
Let
us
now
return
to
the
other
arts
whereby
they
wheadled
the
Scots
.
Bishops
Lands
are
sold
at
easie
rates
.
Amongst
which
it
was
of
greatest
moment
,
no
less
for
endearing
the
Scots
to
them
,
than
for
raising
their
power
and
authority
amongst
the
Natives
,
to
sell
the
Bishops
Lands
at
very
easie
rates
;
so
that
Purchasers
flocked
in
from
all
quarters
,
who
with
the
materials
of
demolished
Palaces
,
and
the
Timber
they
cut
down
,
having
paid
for
their
Purchases
,
got
large
and
entire
Mannors
almost
for
nothing
.
And
(
that
once
for
all
I
may
tell
it
)
they
lay
Excise
,
Customs
,
and
such
heavy
and
continual
Taxes
and
Impositions
upon
the
people
,
as
none
of
all
the
Kings
that
ever
sat
upon
the
Throne
of
England
durst
ever
before
that
time
impose
;
and
such
as
were
not
onely
sufficient
to
defray
all
publick
expenses
,
but
in
some
measure
also
the
insatiable
avarice
and
voraciousness
of
their
Factors
and
Agents
;
besides
what
they
got
by
plundering
,
sequestration
and
other
ways
.
The
Scots
being
allured
by
these
Morsels
,
are
tooth
and
nail
for
the
interests
of
the
Parliament
.
The
Scots
consent
,
The
Scots
,
the
declared
enemies
of
Episcopacy
,
fearing
the
worst
,
if
the
King
should
obtain
the
victory
over
the
Parliament
,
and
being
drawn
in
by
the
aforementioned
baits
,
enter
into
Articles
of
a
Confederacy
;
among
which
,
to
give
a
colour
of
honesty
and
integrity
to
the
rest
,
the
chief
was
,
That
no
hurt
be
attempted
against
his
Majesties
person
,
nor
prejudice
done
to
the
Rights
or
Heirs
of
the
Crown
:
an
Oath
being
likewise
taken
by
the
Members
of
both
Houses
,
Having
entered
into
Covenant
.
and
all
the
Inhabitants
of
both
Kingdoms
being
forced
to
do
the
same
.
This
they
call
the
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
;
and
in
it
promise
,
That
according
to
their
Places
and
Callings
,
they
shall
endeavour
the
preservation
of
the
reformed
Religion
in
the
Church
of
Scotland
,
in
Doctrine
,
Worship
,
Discipline
,
and
Government
:
The
reformation
of
Religion
in
the
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Ireland
,
in
Doctrine
,
Worship
,
Discipline
,
and
Government
,
according
to
the
Word
of
God
,
and
the
example
of
the
best
reformed
Churches
:
and
shall
endeavour
to
bring
the
Churches
of
God
in
the
three
Kingdoms
to
the
nearest
conjunction
and
uniformity
in
Religion
,
&c.
That
they
shall
also
endeavour
the
extirpation
of
Popery
,
Prelacy
,
Superstition
,
Heresie
,
Schism
,
Profaneness
,
&c.
That
they
shall
mutually
endeavour
to
preserve
the
Rights
and
Priviledges
of
the
Parliaments
,
and
the
Liberties
of
the
Kingdoms
;
and
to
preserve
and
defend
the
Kings
Majesties
person
and
authority
in
the
preservation
and
defence
of
the
true
Religion
and
Liberties
of
the
Kingdoms
;
That
the
World
may
bear
witness
with
their
Consciences
of
their
Loyalty
,
that
they
have
no
thoughts
or
intentions
to
diminish
his
Majesties
just
power
and
greatness
:
That
they
shall
endeavour
to
discover
all
Incendiaries
and
Malignants
(
branding
with
those
aspersions
all
that
favoured
the
Kings
Party
)
that
they
may
be
brought
to
publick
tryal
,
and
receive
condign
punishment
:
That
they
shall
endeavour
that
the
Kingdoms
may
remain
conjoyned
in
a
firm
Peace
and
Vnion
to
Posterity
;
shall
assist
and
defend
all
those
that
enter
into
that
League
and
Covenant
,
and
shall
zealously
and
constantly
all
the
days
of
their
lives
continue
therein
.
No
inconsiderable
Authors
of
entering
into
this
Covenant
,
were
the
Independents
,
Anabaptists
,
Wherein
the
Independents
are
Ring-leaders
.
and
Republicans
,
and
the
chief
and
most
severe
in
forcing
it
upon
others
who
were
unwilling
to
take
the
same
;
though
many
of
themselves
purposely
refrained
from
swearing
it
,
lest
upon
that
account
they
should
oblige
themselves
to
the
defence
of
the
Kings
person
.
It
is
also
to
be
observed
,
that
the
clause
of
defending
the
Kings
Majesties
person
and
authority
in
the
preservation
and
defence
of
the
true
Religion
and
Liberties
of
the
Kingdoms
,
was
by
their
artifices
foisted
in
contrary
to
the
sence
and
tenour
of
the
Covenant
,
under
colour
,
forsooth
,
that
the
safety
of
his
Majesties
person
was
sufficiently
secured
by
other
Oaths
;
that
the
repetition
of
the
same
promise
would
but
harden
the
Kings
mind
against
the
Parliament
,
and
make
the
People
scrupulous
in
obeying
the
same
:
But
in
reality
,
as
appeared
afterward
,
that
all
obstacles
being
as
much
as
might
be
removed
,
they
might
make
way
for
the
murther
of
the
King
.
Who
take
the
Covenant
with
an
honest
designe
,
are
called
Presbyterians
.
These
things
being
contrived
and
carried
on
betwixt
the
factious
Scots
and
English
,
those
who
took
that
Covenant
with
an
honest
purpose
,
as
many
good
men
did
,
being
won
over
by
fear
,
delusion
,
or
false
hope
,
called
themselves
Presbyterians
;
other
Factious
of
less
note
,
as
Independents
,
Anabaptists
,
and
other
Fanaticks
,
not
disdaining
to
list
themselves
in
the
same
Cause
.
These
cruelly
persecute
all
Dissenters
who
will
not
engage
in
that
holy
Covenant
,
They
cruelly
persecute
Dissenters
.
though
they
had
acted
nothing
before
against
the
Parliamentary
Faction
,
though
they
had
not
refused
to
pay
any
Taxes
and
Impositions
,
nay
,
though
they
had
freely
contributed
for
the
pay
of
the
Parliament-forces
.
The
Parsons
,
especially
who
enjoyed
fat
Benefices
,
are
sequestrated
,
and
deprived
of
their
Houses
,
Goods
,
and
Livings
,
put
into
Prisons
and
Dungeons
for
many
years
together
,
nay
,
and
put
on
board
of
Ships
upon
the
Thames
,
in
the
heat
of
Summer
,
in
order
to
transportation
,
without
being
either
accused
or
heard
;
where
they
suffered
all
the
incommodities
of
hunger
,
watching
,
and
nastiness
.
The
fruit
of
the
Covenant
.
By
the
Religion
of
this
Covenant
,
Children
were
taught
to
persecute
,
inform
against
,
and
rob
their
Parents
,
Fathers
their
Children
,
Servants
their
Masters
,
Wives
their
Husbands
;
so
that
the
mutual
Offices
to
which
men
are
bound
in
society
,
were
denied
to
those
that
differed
from
them
in
opinion
.
For
these
reasons
many
,
contrary
to
the
Dictates
of
Conscience
,
run
into
the
noose
of
the
Covenant
,
and
at
length
,
whether
that
they
thought
themselves
obnoxious
to
the
Kings
Laws
,
or
really
bound
in
conscience
by
their
Oath
,
they
seriously
espoused
the
Party
of
the
Parliament
.
Learned
men
dispute
against
it
.
Against
this
,
many
learned
and
pious
men
took
up
the
Cudgels
,
and
in
several
Treatises
(
amongst
which
was
the
Judgment
of
the
University
of
Oxford
,
an
unanswerable
piece
in
Latin
)
confuted
it
as
contrary
to
the
Laws
both
of
God
and
man
;
the
Covenanters
in
the
mean
time
making
no
answer
,
but
with
force
and
the
sharper
Arguments
of
the
Sword
.
The
Scots
again
come
into
England
.
The
Scots
who
faithfully
promised
the
King
to
give
him
no
trouble
in
his
affairs
in
England
,
having
by
those
previous
artifices
cleared
their
way
into
that
Kingdom
,
with
twenty
thousand
men
come
to
the
assistance
of
the
Parliament
.
But
first
,
for
forms
sake
,
they
send
Commissioners
to
the
King
to
perswade
him
,
being
inclinable
enough
of
himself
,
to
make
peace
with
the
Parliament
,
and
to
offer
themselves
as
Mediators
of
the
Controversie
:
but
the
King
having
rejected
them
as
unjust
and
partial
Judges
,
and
commanded
them
to
mind
their
own
affairs
at
home
;
they
call
a
Parliament
against
all
Law
,
in
the
Kings
name
,
and
then
declare
War
.
The
King
foreseeing
the
Storm
that
was
like
to
fall
upon
himself
and
Party
,
The
King
looks
to
himself
.
had
provided
against
it
as
well
as
possibly
he
could
.
The
Lords
and
Members
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
who
,
though
they
were
excluded
the
Houses
,
thought
it
their
duty
still
to
stand
by
the
Publick
,
came
over
to
the
Kings
side
;
and
the
former
to
the
number
of
forty
,
with
the
Lord
Keeper
of
the
great
Seal
,
and
the
latter
above
two
hundred
,
The
Parliament
at
Oxford
.
transfer
the
Parliament
to
Oxford
;
where
being
called
to
Council
before
they
were
admitted
to
take
Arms
by
the
King
,
they
held
a
Session
of
Parliament
by
the
Kings
authority
,
nothing
being
wanting
to
the
power
and
dignity
of
a
Parliament
,
but
Walls
and
the
place
appointed
by
the
Kings
Writ
.
To
these
the
King
gave
strictly
in
charge
,
that
they
would
do
what
lay
in
their
power
to
avert
the
Storm
,
or
at
least
consult
how
they
might
be
able
to
resist
it
.
This
Parliament
wrote
to
the
Scots
that
they
would
not
in
an
hostile
manner
invade
the
King
and
Kingdom
of
England
,
nor
violate
the
Pacification
formerly
made
:
They
declare
it
Treason
to
take
up
Arms
against
the
King
,
or
without
his
consent
to
call
a
foreign
Nation
into
the
Kingdom
;
and
that
therefore
the
Rump-Parliament
sitting
at
Westminster
,
were
upon
both
accounts
guilty
of
High-Treason
.
They
also
pass
an
Act
for
raising
as
much
money
as
could
reasonably
be
expected
from
the
exhausted
Counties
and
Towns
which
still
continued
in
obedience
to
the
King
,
for
defraying
the
charges
of
a
double
War
now
approaching
.
The
K.
writes
to
the
Scots
.
The
King
also
by
Letters
earnestly
dehorted
the
Scots
from
that
unlawful
attempt
,
and
prohibits
them
by
Proclamation
,
That
being
his
Subjects
,
and
obliged
by
so
many
bonds
,
they
would
not
come
to
the
assistance
of
Rebels
.
But
this
,
being
signed
by
the
hands
of
nineteen
Lords
,
the
prevailing
Rebels
of
Scotland
,
with
matchless
insolence
in
Subjects
,
cause
it
publickly
to
be
burnt
by
the
common
Hangman
.
Sends
the
Marquess
of
Hamilton
to
draw
them
back
into
Scotland
.
The
Marquess
of
Hamilton
is
commanded
to
keep
the
Scots
at
home
,
that
they
might
not
meddle
in
the
affairs
of
another
Kingdom
;
who
being
discovered
to
have
unfaithfully
discharged
that
Office
,
having
under
pretext
of
danger
fled
out
of
Scotland
to
the
King
,
was
afterward
committed
to
Prison
.
The
Marquess
of
Montross
being
made
General
and
Commissioner
of
Scotland
,
Being
deluded
by
him
,
he
sends
the
Marquess
of
Montross
.
is
dispatched
thither
,
that
by
giving
them
a
diversion
at
home
,
they
might
be
kept
from
invading
England
.
This
Commission
was
valiantly
discharged
by
the
Marquess
,
having
with
a
handful
of
men
,
and
those
raw
and
undisciplined
,
put
whole
Armies
to
flight
,
and
every-where
wasted
the
Country
.
The
Scots
nevertheless
pursue
the
War
against
the
K.
and
prevail
.
However
,
the
Scots
pursuing
their
point
,
left
not
England
,
before
by
the
help
of
Fairfax
they
had
routed
no
small
part
of
the
Kings
Army
,
which
they
had
long
diverted
from
quelling
the
Parliamentarians
elsewhere
;
taken
Newcastle
,
and
other
strong
places
,
and
handed
on
the
Victory
into
the
more
Southern
parts
.
Henceforward
the
Kings
affairs
do
dayly
decline
,
and
were
at
length
totally
ruin'd
,
Victory
everywhere
smiling
upon
the
Rebels
.
The
Republican
Rebels
having
obtained
many
Victories
,
began
to
vent
their
hatred
and
indignation
against
the
Lords
,
and
especially
after
the
last
Newberry-Fight
,
they
grew
sick
of
the
Earl
of
Manchester
.
For
he
in
a
Council
of
War
giving
his
opinion
,
and
exhorting
them
to
Peace
,
which
he
judged
more
expedient
to
the
State
,
seemed
not
so
thorough-paced
and
fierce
upon
the
War
as
they
could
have
desired
:
and
being
therefore
,
in
a
long
Speech
,
accused
by
Cromwel
in
the
Lower
House
,
he
defends
himself
in
the
Vpper
,
retorting
the
accusation
:
So
that
both
Houses
thought
it
more
convenient
to
compose
the
difference
betwixt
them
,
than
to
enter
into
the
merits
of
the
Cause
.
The
Kings
Forces
being
at
length
scattered
and
broken
by
the
Scots
on
the
one
hand
,
The
K.'s
Party
goes
to
wrack
.
and
the
Parliament-Rebels
on
the
other
,
Pay
and
Provisions
being
wanting
,
and
Factions
arising
betwixt
the
Commanders
of
the
Army
and
the
Lords
(
that
all
things
might
conspire
to
draw
down
Judgments
upon
us
)
His
Majesty
had
in
his
mind
,
first
,
His
Majesty
having
in
vain
essayed
the
English
,
to
come
to
London
and
trust
himself
in
the
hands
of
the
Parliament
;
next
,
to
cast
himself
into
the
arms
of
the
English
Army
:
but
being
rejected
by
both
,
and
his
affairs
in
a
very
doubtful
condition
,
Casts
himself
into
the
hands
of
the
Scots
.
he
ventured
to
betake
himself
to
the
Scots
,
the
French
Embassadour
,
who
then
was
in
the
Scottish
Army
,
and
some
Scottish
Commanders
having
obtained
from
them
promises
of
honour
,
safety
,
and
freedom
for
his
Majesties
person
.
This
revived
former
Grudges
betwixt
the
English
and
Scottish
Rebels
,
Former
grudges
are
revived
betwixt
the
English
&
Scottish
Rebels
.
which
had
almost
broken
out
into
a
War
.
It
was
likewise
given
out
,
that
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
who
from
a
General
was
now
become
a
private
person
,
would
joyn
with
the
Lords
and
Commons
that
conspired
for
their
ruine
,
in
new
Articles
and
Resolutions
with
the
Scots
;
but
his
sudden
death
,
occasioned
by
lying
on
the
ground
when
he
was
all
in
a
sweat
after
hunting
,
dissipated
all
those
rumours
.
Nevertheless
,
the
Rebels
thought
fit
,
at
publick
cost
,
to
humour
him
with
magnificent
Funerals
,
as
being
more
for
their
interest
to
shew
gratitude
to
a
dead
friend
,
than
to
have
him
perhaps
a
living
enemy
.
Provocations
given
to
the
Scots
.
Upon
this
they
began
to
deny
the
Scots
their
Pay
,
put
a
necessity
upon
them
of
exacting
Money
and
free
Quarters
from
the
Counties
where
they
lay
,
expose
them
to
hatred
,
extenuate
their
merits
,
undervalue
the
courage
of
the
Nation
,
call
them
mercenary
Souldiers
of
fortune
,
whilst
they
in
the
mean
time
paid
them
onely
with
Reproaches
;
threaten
to
drive
them
out
of
the
Kingdom
by
force
of
Arms
,
publickly
provoke
them
,
and
at
length
march
Northward
against
their
Brethren
.
The
Presbyterians
holding
their
peace
.
Nor
durst
the
English
Presbyterians
,
who
favoured
the
Scots
,
say
much
to
the
contrary
,
lest
they
should
seem
more
concerned
for
the
insolence
of
a
foreign
Nation
,
than
the
honour
of
their
Country-men
.
Debates
betwixt
the
Scots
&
Parliament
of
England
.
At
length
after
long
Debates
,
the
Scots
pretending
that
it
was
contrary
to
the
Laws
of
Nations
and
Hospitality
to
deliver
up
the
King
,
who
of
his
own
accord
put
himself
under
their
protection
,
into
the
hands
of
the
Parliamentarians
;
our
Republican
Rebels
on
the
other
hand
,
urging
in
the
name
of
the
Parliament
,
That
the
Scots
serving
and
receiving
pay
in
England
,
ought
not
to
have
received
the
King
into
their
Army
,
and
much
less
keep
him
there
against
the
will
of
the
Parliament
;
but
after
some
formal
previous
Treaties
,
that
might
serve
to
enhaunce
the
price
,
The
Scots
having
got
money
deliver
the
K.
up
to
the
Parl.
upon
pretext
that
he
would
not
take
the
Covenant
.
it
was
resolved
that
the
King
should
be
delivered
up
to
the
Parliamentarian-Rebels
.
And
that
they
might
have
a
specious
colour
for
so
horrid
an
action
,
They
urge
the
King
to
take
the
Covenant
,
pretending
that
without
that
they
could
not
lawfully
take
him
with
them
into
Scotland
.
The
King
promises
to
take
that
Oath
,
provided
he
were
satisfied
in
some
scruples
of
Conscience
,
concerning
Church-government
:
which
Province
was
committed
to
the
Minister
Heuderson
the
then
Oracle
of
the
Kirk
,
who
weakly
and
unsuccessfully
attempted
it
:
for
in
their
disputes
the
King
,
in
the
judgment
of
all
,
had
the
better
on
't
;
but
money
prevailed
.
The
Scots
having
received
an
hundred
thousand
pounds
English
in
ready
money
,
and
the
promise
of
an
hundred
thousand
more
to
be
paid
within
a
year
,
draw
out
of
England
,
leaving
the
King
to
the
mercy
of
the
Parliament
;
but
with
this
condition
,
That
no
injury
should
be
offered
to
his
Majesties
person
,
and
that
he
might
be
received
in
one
of
his
houses
in
or
about
London
with
honour
,
safety
,
and
freedom
,
that
so
he
might
be
prevailed
with
by
Arguments
from
both
Nations
to
confirm
and
approve
their
Propositions
.
The
King
being
received
at
Newcastle
by
the
Parliament-Commissioners
,
The
K.
being
received
by
the
Parliament-Commissioners
,
is
conducted
to
Holmely
-
house
.
four
Lords
and
eight
Commoners
,
was
with
a
guard
of
Souldiers
conducted
to
Holmeby
house
in
Northamptonshire
,
where
he
suffered
a
splendid
,
indeed
,
but
close
imprisonment
;
all
who
had
either
actually
been
,
or
suspected
to
be
of
his
Party
,
being
removed
from
him
,
nay
,
and
his
domestick
Chaplains
also
,
whose
assistance
he
had
often
desired
of
the
Parliament
.
The
Conquerours
now
in
striving
for
the
Booty
and
Government
,
The
Rebels
disagree
amongst
themselves
.
An
account
,
by
way
of
digression
,
of
the
beginnings
,
progress
,
sects
and
opinions
of
the
Factious
.
did
no
longer
dissemble
their
opinions
,
but
divide
themselves
into
various
Sects
and
Names
;
which
hitherto
we
called
by
the
common
name
of
Factious
or
Rebels
,
but
shall
now
divide
them
into
their
several
Classes
and
Forms
,
as
likewise
shewing
by
what
cunning
and
degrees
they
who
got
into
power
,
advanced
to
the
Supremacy
.
Which
that
we
may
the
more
clearly
do
,
it
will
not
be
amiss
to
look
into
some
past
Ages
.
It
is
not
to
be
denied
but
that
the
seeds
of
Faction
were
sow'd
in
England
from
the
very
beginning
of
the
Reformation
.
The
seeds
of
them
sown
in
the
very
reformation
;
Nor
are
the
Roman
Catholicks
to
be
proud
of
this
,
since
they
have
given
the
examples
to
others
,
by
subjecting
the
Crowns
and
Scepters
of
Kings
,
to
the
Mitre
of
the
Pope
and
Keys
of
St.
Peter
,
and
are
no
less
dangerous
to
Kings
,
whom
they
have
pulled
from
their
Thrones
,
and
exposed
to
the
Daggers
of
Assassinates
.
Concerning
Church-government
,
the
Liturgie
and
Ceremonies
,
which
were
established
by
Kings
and
Parliaments
.
From
that
time
some
,
but
in
no
great
number
,
are
for
shaking
off
Rome
in
every
thing
,
and
not
leaving
the
least
monument
of
the
ancient
Church-government
or
Liturgie
.
But
the
greater
number
,
and
those
the
wiser
,
thinking
it
enough
to
retrench
what
was
superfluous
and
superstitious
,
are
for
retaining
Episcopal
government
and
a
publick
reformed
Liturgie
:
the
one
,
because
it
suited
well
with
Monarchical
government
and
civil
interest
of
the
State
;
and
the
other
,
because
it
seemed
pious
and
adapted
to
the
publick
Worship
of
God
.
Both
these
,
as
being
consonant
to
primitive
Constitutions
,
Kings
and
Parliaments
,
wisely
to
prevent
the
inconveniencies
that
happen
from
skipping
from
one
extreme
to
another
,
thought
fit
to
establish
by
Laws
,
and
to
inflict
severe
Penalties
upon
Dissenters
.
Hence
arose
Disputes
and
Controversies
;
scandalous
Libels
from
the
Anti-Episcoparians
;
suspensions
,
depravations
,
&c.
from
the
Bishops
.
This
at
first
gave
ground
to
heart-burnings
,
afterwards
to
reasonings
about
the
matter
,
and
the
licentious
humour
of
disputing
prevailing
to
more
bitter
Controversies
;
so
that
at
length
(
as
it
usually
happens
amongst
Brethren
who
differ
in
points
of
Religion
)
they
fell
to
Contentions
and
invective
Disputations
,
the
common
enemy
egging
them
on
on
both
sides
.
And
thus
the
Quarrel
being
managed
with
mutual
hatred
and
animosity
,
the
Anti-Episcopal
Party
,
or
the
Jesuits
in
their
name
,
defame
the
established
Church
with
Reproaches
and
scandalous
Libels
;
which
forced
from
the
Bishops
and
Ecclesiastical
Courts
,
Suspensions
,
Deprivations
,
Imprisonments
,
and
Banishments
.
But
that
severity
,
Whereby
the
Bishops
got
hatred
,
and
the
Anti-Episcoparians
pitie
;
which
ended
in
a
Conspiracy
against
the
Hierarchy
;
though
executed
according
to
the
prescript
of
Law
,
drew
hatred
upon
the
Prelates
,
and
made
the
Anti-Episcoparians
to
be
pitied
,
and
the
rather
that
they
seemed
to
suffer
for
Conscience-sake
,
and
the
purity
of
Gospel-worship
;
being
otherwise
,
in
appearance
,
men
of
strict
lives
and
conversations
,
zealous
Preachers
,
fervent
in
Prayer
,
ready
to
do
pious
Offices
,
and
in
a
word
,
in
all
things
else
very
good
men
.
And
this
made
many
Towns
,
Noblemen
and
Gentlemen
take
them
into
protection
,
make
very
much
of
them
,
and
at
length
joyns
with
them
in
opinion
,
and
conspire
together
against
the
Hierarchy
or
Church-government
.
Who
despairing
to
procure
the
abolition
of
it
from
the
Kings
,
Wherein
all
the
Sects
and
Factions
agree
,
raising
scruples
betwixt
the
K.
and
Parl.
that
seeming
to
stand
up
for
the
Parl.
they
might
be
esteemed
popular
men
,
and
be
chosen
to
serve
in
Parl.
when
occasion
offered
.
they
hope
to
compass
it
by
Parliament
,
and
therefore
they
endeavour
to
lessen
the
Royal
Authority
by
magnifying
a
Parliamentary
power
;
wherein
being
assisted
by
all
the
other
Sects
of
Fanaticks
,
the
seditious
and
turbulent
off-scourings
of
Christians
and
Subjects
,
they
begin
to
make
a
distinction
betwixt
,
and
divide
the
Royal
Prerogative
from
the
Liberty
of
the
People
,
two
things
that
are
very
consistent
together
;
that
laying
hold
on
that
pretext
,
they
might
set
up
for
publick-spirited
men
,
and
be
thought
the
Patriots
of
the
Nation
.
Having
by
this
means
,
at
length
,
raised
their
Authority
amongst
the
common
People
,
so
as
to
be
chosen
Members
of
Parliament
,
they
set
all
their
Engines
at
work
for
accomplishing
their
intended
Project
;
there
is
nothing
in
their
mouths
but
the
Rights
of
the
People
,
Priviledges
of
Parliament
,
and
the
publick
Liberty
;
they
lay
open
to
the
quick
the
faults
of
the
Magistrates
and
Courtiers
;
in
scandalous
Pamphlets
they
inveigh
against
Episcopacy
and
the
established
government
of
the
Church
;
censure
the
Manners
and
Pluralities
of
Church-men
;
they
expose
the
administration
of
publick
government
;
and
make
it
their
care
and
study
,
Wherein
they
censure
the
publick
administration
of
the
Government
.
in
all
things
,
to
weaken
the
Kings
Power
,
and
lessen
his
Reputation
.
To
these
their
cunning
contrivances
a
commodious
occasion
happened
:
Whilst
in
the
Reign
of
King
James
,
They
take
occasion
from
a
War
to
make
division
betwixt
the
K.
and
Parl.
Frederick
Prince
Palatine
of
the
Rhyne
,
the
Kings
Son-in-law
,
having
been
engaged
in
the
German
War
,
was
,
with
his
whole
Family
,
by
the
Imperial
Forces
driven
out
of
his
Territories
.
To
defend
the
Cause
of
the
Protestant
Religion
,
which
seemed
to
be
in
danger
,
and
to
restore
this
banished
Prince
so
nearly
allied
to
the
King
,
were
made
specious
pretexts
for
their
following
ill
designes
.
And
by
these
pretences
they
endeavour
but
in
vain
to
engage
that
wise
King
in
a
War
,
until
Prince
Charles
seconding
their
Addresses
,
and
the
Emperour
refusing
to
agree
to
reasonable
terms
of
Peace
,
he
was
rouzed
up
to
Arms.
The
K.
being
engaged
in
a
War
,
and
frustrated
of
assistance
from
the
Parl.
is
necessitated
without
a
Parl.
to
raise
money
.
War
being
thereupon
proclaimed
,
whilst
preparations
were
making
,
and
all
Europe
expected
great
matters
from
England
,
the
Parliament
,
upon
I
know
not
what
slight
Grievances
,
Jealousies
,
and
Suspicions
,
leave
the
King
in
the
lurch
;
so
that
unless
King
Charles
,
upon
the
death
of
his
Father
,
would
make
himself
ridiculous
to
the
World
,
he
was
necessitated
to
raise
money
by
his
own
authority
,
laying
on
unusual
Taxes
and
Impositions
,
by
virtue
not
onely
of
old
dormant
Laws
,
but
also
of
new
interpretations
;
without
calling
a
Parliament
,
which
is
customary
on
more
urgent
occasions
.
This
incensed
the
people
,
occasioned
fears
&
combinations
against
the
K.
This
incensed
the
People
,
and
afforded
a
plentiful
crop
of
Murmurs
and
Complaints
,
and
inclined
good
and
honest
Subjects
,
who
were
far
from
any
thoughts
of
Innovations
;
but
alarmed
with
the
fears
of
Arbitrary
Government
,
and
the
loss
of
the
Liberty
of
the
Subject
,
(
as
they
imagined
)
to
plot
and
combine
with
the
Factious
Malecontents
,
for
curbing
the
power
of
the
King
.
All
these
Sects
at
first
,
though
differing
in
opinions
and
designs
,
were
called
by
the
name
of
Puritans
.
During
the
rage
of
the
Civil
War
,
after
that
the
Scots
came
to
the
assistance
of
the
Parliament
,
and
many
had
been
noosed
into
the
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
,
When
the
Presbyterians
first
challenged
publickly
that
name
.
the
Presbyterians
were
powerful
both
in
wealth
and
number
,
raise
their
heads
above
the
rest
:
Nor
can
they
be
excused
from
Rebellion
,
who
having
abolished
the
Church-government
and
Liturgie
,
introduced
the
Presbytery
and
Directory
in
place
thereof
,
aiming
at
the
change
of
Civil
Government
also
from
Monarchy
to
an
Aristocracy
,
Aristocraticks
.
though
they
pretended
to
retain
the
name
and
person
of
a
King
;
and
making
use
of
the
assistance
of
the
other
Sects
who
fought
openly
under
their
Banners
,
though
they
cunningly
concealed
their
designes
.
Democraticks
.
Next
came
into
play
the
better
sort
of
Independents
,
and
some
of
the
Tribe
of
Anabaptists
,
who
wished
for
no
setled
National
Church-government
,
and
who
liked
a
Democracy
best
;
yet
still
retaining
the
name
and
person
of
a
King
.
But
the
chief
was
a
Faction
most
properly
so
called
,
consisting
of
the
rigidest
sort
of
Presbyterians
,
and
a
medly
of
many
other
Fanaticks
,
who
having
destroyed
the
Monarchy
and
the
Royal
Family
root
and
branch
,
were
,
some
of
them
,
for
an
Oligarchy
,
others
for
Anarchy
,
Oligarchicks·
and
most
for
a
Democracy
;
Christonaticks
or
Fifth-monarchy-men
.
I
may
also
adde
a
Christocraty
,
that
Fifth-monarchy
which
not
a
few
longed
for
,
wherein
worldly
Powers
,
Magistrates
,
and
all
profane
Authority
being
brought
down
and
trodden
under
foot
,
Christ
with
his
Saints
might
exercise
dominion
over
the
wicked
and
ungodly
of
the
Earth
.
Who
deserve
most
the
name
of
Rebels
and
Traytors
.
These
are
they
who
are
in
a
more
particular
sence
to
be
called
Rebels
and
Traytors
to
the
Government
;
who
,
though
they
all
looked
different
ways
,
and
served
in
the
Presbyterian
Armies
for
some
time
,
yet
they
were
the
fire-brands
that
kindled
civil
Dissensions
among
them
,
till
getting
the
power
in
their
hands
(
into
which
by
degrees
they
had
screwed
themselves
)
they
had
the
boldness
to
fall
off
from
the
rest
,
set
up
for
themselves
in
their
own
names
,
and
publickly
to
magnifie
their
own
Atchievements
.
The
original
and
artifices
,
At
first
,
whilst
the
clouds
of
Troubles
were
but
a
gathering
,
these
factious
Rebels
were
hardly
distinguished
by
any
name
,
but
skulk'd
under
the
cloak
of
good
Patriots
and
the
godly
Party
.
But
in
the
mean
time
they
carefully
watched
all
occasions
of
blowing
up
the
fire
of
a
Civil
War
;
Whereby
they
put
all
into
confusion
,
and
so
soon
as
the
War
flamed
out
,
and
the
State
was
all
in
disorder
,
lest
differences
might
be
taken
up
,
they
used
all
arts
to
make
the
King
jealous
of
his
Parliament
,
and
the
Parliament
again
of
the
King
,
every
where
throwing
in
Bones
of
Contention
,
and
,
as
it
is
the
custom
of
all
Demagogues
,
distracted
the
thoughts
of
the
giddy
and
light-headed
Multitude
with
jealousies
and
fears
.
Raise
up
War.
By
this
their
indefatigable
industry
in
calumniating
the
King
,
and
exposing
of
him
in
all
things
to
the
hatred
of
the
people
,
they
first
alienate
the
minds
of
the
Multitude
from
their
Prince
,
and
then
from
Peace
.
Oppose
all
Vnion
&
Peace
.
When
they
observed
any
Proposals
made
by
the
Parliament
to
the
King
,
or
by
the
King
to
the
Parliament
,
which
in
probability
might
heal
the
wounds
of
Contention
and
War
,
and
restore
a
solid
Peace
they
slily
perplex
and
disturb
the
Negotiation
;
when
they
prosper
they
swell
in
their
demands
,
lest
what
they
had
already
got
by
force
of
Arms
,
By
what
Arts
:
they
might
seem
to
acquire
precariously
and
by
concession
;
but
if
fortune
frowned
upon
them
,
then
were
they
for
rouzing
despondent
minds
,
That
in
that
condition
they
would
not
think
of
making
Peace
,
when
in
their
low
fortune
they
must
of
necessity
submit
to
harder
Conditions
;
nor
that
they
would
so
far
abase
the
honour
of
Parliament
,
as
to
seem
to
do
any
thing
through
fear
or
force
.
Nay
,
and
by
false
Reports
,
counterfeit
Letters
,
and
suborned
Witnesses
,
they
pretend
to
discover
strange
Plots
and
monstruous
Dangers
disguised
under
the
specious
mask
of
Friendship
.
They
adjure
others
by
the
bowels
of
love
and
pity
to
the
Commonwealth
,
by
their
affection
to
the
publick
and
the
Cause
of
Christ
;
and
in
long
Speeches
and
Arguments
plead
,
That
in
carrying
on
the
War
they
should
rather
expect
to
know
the
will
and
pleasure
of
God
(
so
they
thought
fit
to
speak
)
in
a
matter
of
so
great
consequence
,
than
to
make
Peace
with
the
King
upon
unsure
Conditions
prejudicial
to
the
Publick
.
The
easie
and
credulous
who
are
apt
to
suspect
any
thing
,
and
those
also
who
were
conscious
of
their
own
guilt
,
being
intangled
by
these
Artifices
,
they
propose
so
hard
Conditions
to
the
King
,
that
he
could
not
with
a
safe
conscience
,
honour
,
and
the
safety
of
his
Friends
,
consent
to
them
;
whilst
they
slighted
and
rejected
his
Majesties
Letters
and
most
just
Proposals
almost
twenty
times
sent
to
them
.
In
the
mean
time
these
good
men
,
In
the
mean
time
they
make
their
own
advantage
of
the
War.
whilst
they
boast
of
their
extraordinary
zeal
for
the
publick
Liberty
and
the
pure
reformed
Religion
,
making
use
of
the
War
for
their
own
private
advantages
,
step
into
the
greatest
and
most
profitable
places
of
the
State
.
And
then
having
got
deeper
rooting
,
Their
growth
.
by
degrees
they
win
upon
others
,
and
draw
them
into
the
Conspiracy
,
making
great
progresses
both
in
the
Parliament
and
Country
;
in
this
,
stirring
up
the
Mobile
to
prefer
Petitions
,
or
rather
putting
the
peoples
names
to
Petitions
framed
by
two
or
three
of
their
own
Faction
;
and
in
the
other
,
by
cunning
and
knavery
accommodating
the
Authority
of
Parliament
to
their
own
arts
and
devices
.
Indefatigable
industry
in
the
Parliament
.
By
this
means
it
was
no
difficult
matter
,
either
at
midnight
or
early
in
the
morning
,
when
the
other
Members
that
differed
them
appeared
not
,
or
were
absent
about
their
own
private
affairs
,
to
snatch
an
opportunity
of
carrying
things
by
vote
,
and
to
lay
hold
on
occasion
by
the
forelock
;
so
that
the
less
,
but
more
vigilant
part
,
by
degrees
circumvented
the
greater
,
but
less
sedulous
.
If
any
thing
were
moved
in
Parliament
that
they
would
not
have
pass
,
or
which
at
a
distance
they
foresaw
might
be
hurtful
to
their
practices
,
they
vigorously
opposed
it
,
or
by
shams
,
evasions
,
scruples
started
in
the
heat
of
debate
,
and
the
like
arts
,
got
it
put
off
till
another
time
.
If
the
greater
number
of
Voices
were
against
them
,
they
brought
in
some
other
Bill
over
head
and
shoulders
,
that
might
invalidate
the
former
,
and
elude
the
intention
thereof
.
If
they
contrived
any
thing
that
might
give
suspicion
to
their
Adversaries
,
or
that
they
despaired
to
obtain
in
a
full
House
,
they
send
the
Presbyterians
of
an
Errand
into
the
Country
,
either
about
real
and
urgent
business
,
or
feigned
necessities
:
In
the
unavoidable
absence
,
or
supine
neglect
of
whom
,
they
got
any
thing
voted
and
past
with
a
nemine
contradicente
.
And
in
Cabals
.
Nor
did
their
private
Clubs
and
Cabals
a
little
promote
their
designes
;
where
having
laid
their
heads
together
,
they
took
their
best
measures
before
hand
,
how
they
should
behave
themselves
in
publick
,
and
what
Province
every
one
was
to
undertake
.
By
these
and
such-like
arts
,
Having
got
into
power
,
they
take
the
title
of
Independents
.
that
branch
of
the
Rebels
being
advanced
to
no
small
power
,
and
separated
(
as
we
said
before
)
from
the
Presbyterians
,
under
the
name
of
Independents
,
who
would
have
no
Head
,
make
head
against
them
.
This
Title
did
well
quadrate
to
all
the
other
Sects
in
general
,
and
was
used
by
them
,
because
depending
on
the
government
of
no
National
Church
,
nor
Civil
Power
,
they
ordered
all
things
relating
to
Doctrine
and
Church-Discipline
in
their
private
Congregations
.
Not
that
most
part
of
them
had
any
concern
for
Religion
,
but
that
that
specious
Profession
giving
a
comprehensive
latitude
to
all
Sects
,
Anabaptists
,
Quakers
,
Millenaries
,
and
all
other
Fanaticks
,
they
might
swell
the
number
and
power
of
their
Faction
;
whom
others
,
in
derision
,
called
the
Holy
Brethren
,
a
name
they
themselves
affected
.
Nevertheless
,
that
they
might
enlarge
their
Party
,
They
enlarge
their
Party
by
complying
with
the
humours
of
all
men
.
and
by
a
hypocritical
humanity
and
readiness
to
condescend
hook
in
the
good
will
of
many
,
they
sollicitously
strike
in
with
men
of
all
Perswasions
,
and
by
allurements
suitable
to
their
tempers
,
feel
their
Pulses
:
To
the
godly
they
promise
Reformation
of
Divine
Worship
;
sweeten
the
Preachers
with
the
hopes
of
the
Revenues
of
the
Bishops
,
Deans
,
and
Chapters
,
and
of
establishing
Presbytery
by
Law
,
allowing
still
liberty
to
tender
Consciences
;
do
really
grant
indemnity
to
Hereticks
and
Schismaticks
;
draw
in
the
Ambitious
by
honour
and
titles
;
feeding
the
Covetous
with
money
under
the
notion
of
Pensions
or
Rewards
for
good
services
:
they
threaten
the
Obnoxious
;
protect
Malefactors
;
and
in
a
word
,
They
prosecute
their
opposers
.
no
man
resolutely
opposed
them
,
but
was
by
Emissaries
and
Spies
,
whom
they
had
in
all
places
,
Letters
intercepted
,
misinterpreted
words
and
actions
,
brought
into
suspicion
and
danger
.
Whoever
they
admitted
into
their
friendship
and
service
,
though
the
most
infamous
and
flagitious
wretch
living
,
Protect
all
sorts
of
men
.
yet
in
all
things
they
protected
him
;
and
amongst
others
,
the
Speaker
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
who
being
a
man
for
their
turn
,
when
he
was
accused
of
Bribery
,
they
brought
him
off
,
gave
him
money
and
gain'd
him
to
their
Party
,
as
one
that
would
be
no
less
serviceable
to
them
for
all
that
,
and
the
more
faithful
to
their
Party
,
as
he
was
the
more
obnoxious
and
guilty
.
Try
to
bring
over
the
E.
of
Essex
and
other
Nobles
to
their
Party
.
They
tamper
also
with
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
who
being
dejected
by
his
defeat
in
Cornwall
,
they
thought
might
be
grown
more
tractable
;
and
therefore
they
put
it
to
him
,
if
he
would
for
the
future
be
for
a
down-right
Commonwealth
.
Upon
which
condition
they
promise
,
To
put
him
at
the
head
of
a
new
Army
,
to
be
payed
monthly
,
and
supplied
with
Ammunition
and
all
necessary
Provisions
.
But
he
refusing
,
it
was
said
,
that
the
same
Conditions
were
privately
offered
to
other
Noblemen
;
not
that
they
had
any
respect
for
the
Lords
,
whom
shortly
they
intended
to
turn
out
and
to
level
with
the
Commoners
,
but
that
they
might
poyson
them
with
their
own
venom
,
and
rise
to
greater
authority
by
drawing
more
over
to
their
side
.
But
in
vain
.
But
they
being
of
a
contrary
mind
,
and
more
inclinable
to
the
Kings
Party
,
no
sooner
rejected
the
offers
,
but
the
Rebels
cast
their
eyes
upon
another
.
Vnder
pretext
of
the
Self-denying
Ordinance
,
they
over-reach
the
Presbyterians
,
deprive
them
of
all
Places
Civil
and
Military
;
By
a
new
and
specious
Ordinance
,
whereby
they
said
they
would
reform
the
Parliament
,
and
restore
it
to
its
integrity
,
to
which
they
gave
the
title
of
the
Self-denying
Ordinance
;
they
clipt
the
Presbyterians
wings
,
and
confirmed
their
own
strength
.
For
by
this
Ordinance
it
was
provided
,
that
none
of
either
House
,
after
a
limited
day
,
should
bear
any
Office
Military
or
Civil
;
whereby
it
was
brought
about
that
many
of
the
emulous
Faction
were
obliged
to
resigne
the
places
they
held
.
This
gives
them
a
fair
opportunity
of
altering
the
whole
Civil
State
,
and
new
modelling
the
Army
,
Which
they
&
their
Adherents
invade
.
as
they
called
it
;
to
the
administration
of
which
,
the
Candidates
of
that
Faction
are
for
the
most
part
preferred
:
nor
could
some
Republican
Lords
long
refrain
from
the
ambition
of
the
rest
,
hunting
after
all
opportunities
of
Preferment
,
and
turning
the
Self-denying
Ordinance
into
an
Act
of
pure
Self-love
.
Essex
,
who
suited
not
so
well
with
their
temper
,
New
Commanders
of
the
Army
,
Fairfax
.
being
laid
aside
,
they
give
the
command
of
the
Army
to
Sir
Thomas
Fairfax
,
onely
Son
to
Fardinand
Lord
Fairfax
,
a
valiant
man
indeed
,
and
of
a
good
natural
disposition
,
but
easie
and
forward
to
undertake
and
execute
any
thing
that
he
was
put
upon
,
as
a
sure
Tool
to
work
the
effect
which
was
designed
by
the
hand
that
managed
it
;
wherefore
he
was
the
more
readily
chosen
by
both
Parties
.
To
him
they
joyn
Cromwel
with
the
Title
of
Lieutenant-General
,
but
with
intention
of
being
his
Governour
;
Cromwel
.
by
whom
some
Officers
at
first
desired
onely
to
be
commanded
for
a
time
,
though
afterwards
,
contrary
to
the
intent
of
the
Self-denying
Ordinance
,
they
were
established
and
commissionated
by
authority
of
Parliament
.
This
last
having
wholly
run
out
his
Estate
,
which
was
not
very
great
,
resolved
to
trade
in
Religion
for
repairing
his
broken
Fortune
,
and
for
that
end
became
the
Ringleader
and
Stickler
for
the
Schismaticks
:
and
by
means
of
these
he
was
chosen
a
Member
of
Parliament
.
Would
you
see
him
painted
to
the
life
in
his
natural
colours
,
and
such
as
his
own
Party
have
drawn
him
in
,
in
their
publick
Writings
?
He
was
a
great
Master
in
Hypocrisie
and
Dissimulation
,
who
lifting
up
his
eyes
to
Heaven
,
and
laying
his
hand
upon
his
breast
,
would
invoke
the
Name
of
God
,
weep
,
pray
,
and
bewail
his
sins
,
till
he
stabb'd
him
he
spoke
to
,
under
the
fifth
rib
.
I
mention
not
his
Ambition
,
Avarice
,
and
Pride
,
which
the
Republicans
,
who
were
before
his
Brethren
and
Companions
,
afterwards
openly
charged
him
with
.
Colonels
,
Captains
,
&c.
Schismaticks
.
The
Colonels
,
Captains
,
and
inferiour
Officers
,
are
for
the
most
part
chosen
from
among
the
Schismaticks
,
or
those
that
were
no
great
enemies
unto
them
.
In
the
mean
while
Cromwel's
Son-in-law
,
and
his
other
Relations
and
Friends
,
have
the
chief
Commands
in
the
Army
bestowed
upon
them
.
Their
industry
.
These
,
having
got
so
fair
an
opportunity
,
did
not
trifle
away
their
time
,
but
were
busie
in
all
places
,
running
up
and
down
,
exhorting
and
sometimes
preaching
to
the
Souldiers
,
that
they
might
gain
their
affection
;
by
whose
favourable
assistance
they
make
way
for
themselves
to
be
elected
into
the
vacant
places
in
the
House
of
Commons
.
For
when
the
Freeholders
and
Inhabitants
of
Corporations
were
about
by
a
free
election
to
chuse
new
Burgesses
in
place
of
the
dead
or
excluded
Members
,
with
Souldiers
in
Arms
they
were
forced
through
fear
to
chuse
the
Officers
of
the
Army
,
or
such
at
least
as
they
approved
of
.
To
get
men
of
their
Party
into
the
Parl.
So
that
in
a
short
time
many
of
these
being
admitted
into
the
Parliament-house
,
and
the
Self-denying
Ordinance
being
laid
aside
,
all
Offices
and
Affairs
,
both
Civil
and
Military
,
were
managed
by
the
self-same
persons
.
And
celebrating
their
mighty
deeds
.
And
that
popular
applause
and
fame
might
not
be
wanting
to
celebrate
their
excellent
undertakings
,
hackney
Presses
and
mercenary
Scriblers
are
set
a
work
to
publish
all
their
actions
with
wonderful
Encomiums
and
Elegies
,
which
in
weekly
Mercuries
and
Peny
Diaries
,
are
exposed
to
the
perusal
of
the
News-greedy
people
,
and
every
line
swollen
with
the
praises
of
Cromwel
.
So
soon
as
they
perceived
the
Royal
interest
almost
reduced
to
a
pinch
,
They
more
openly
attack
the
Presbyterians
,
and
the
Parliament-Rebels
in
a
manner
secure
of
victory
,
they
bend
their
designs
against
the
Presbyterians
,
their
rival
Faction
;
which
,
though
predominant
in
number
of
Voices
,
yet
began
to
totter
and
shake
.
They
endeavour
to
lessen
their
Reputation
,
By
publishing
defamatory
Writings
against
them
,
and
by
degrees
to
weaken
their
Force
;
publish
Libels
to
disgrace
and
ridicule
the
Church-Discipline
,
enveighing
against
the
right
of
Tythes
,
and
the
avarice
,
pride
,
and
severity
of
the
Preachers
.
Nay
,
And
setting
them
upon
duties
that
were
ungrateful
to
the
people
;
and
that
they
might
heap
more
hatred
upon
their
heads
,
they
charge
them
,
who
of
their
own
accords
too
officiously
hastened
to
bring
all
into
confusion
and
disorder
,
with
the
more
rigid
parts
of
Reformation
that
were
most
ungrateful
to
the
people
;
such
,
as
to
press
their
Covenant
with
rigour
upon
those
that
refused
to
take
it
,
exact
Fines
,
squeeze
money
from
the
people
,
and
(
that
they
might
entail
infamy
upon
them
to
Posterity
)
under
colour
of
visiting
Colledges
,
to
banish
the
most
learned
men
out
of
the
Vniversities
.
Mingling
themselves
in
their
Cabals
,
Upon
pretext
of
friendship
they
steal
into
all
the
Presbyterian
Cabals
,
that
by
raising
scruples
and
delays
,
their
Consultations
might
turn
to
Smoak
,
and
themselves
be
exposed
to
publick
Derision
.
Having
pretty
well
succeeded
in
this
,
Turning
them
out
of
governments
.
Disbanding
the
Forces
that
befriended
them
,
dismissing
the
Scots
,
and
drawing
over
the
Ringleaders
to
their
Party
.
they
resolve
to
go
thorough-stitch
with
it
,
by
turning
out
of
the
government
of
Garrison-towns
and
Forts
all
those
who
declared
for
Presbytery
.
They
likewise
cause
all
the
Forces
that
were
almost
in
every
County
,
though
but
in
small
numbers
,
to
be
disbanded
,
except
the
Army
commanded
by
Fairfax
.
They
send
the
Scots
home
out
of
England
:
by
bribes
or
fear
they
draw
over
the
leading-men
amongst
the
Presbyterians
,
that
they
would
either
openly
own
their
Cause
;
or
secretly
under
the
name
and
badge
of
Presbyterians
,
diving
into
their
secrets
,
usefully
and
securely
serve
the
ends
of
the
Republicans
;
amongst
whom
the
two
chief
were
,
Philip
Skippon
and
Stephen
Marshal
.
Philip
Skippon
,
and
Stephen
Marshal
,
the
first
Major-General
of
the
Army
;
and
the
other
a
Minister
,
and
the
Oracle
of
the
Presbyterians
:
both
cunning
Knaves
,
who
under
pretext
of
moderating
and
reconciling
differences
,
minded
their
own
advantages
,
fooled
the
Presbyterians
,
and
not
a
little
promoted
the
affairs
of
the
Independents
.
The
series
of
the
History
is
again
continued
.
The
Presbyterians
still
prevailing
in
the
Parl.
they
resolve
to
lessen
and
divide
the
Army
.
The
Presbyterians
having
made
sure
of
Victory
,
and
,
which
is
more
,
of
the
King
,
and
being
as
yet
more
numerous
in
both
Houses
,
are
now
in
greater
fear
from
their
own
Servants
the
Army
in
pay
,
than
heretofore
from
the
enemy
;
and
being
sollicitous
how
to
rid
themselves
from
that
Yoke
,
after
much
debate
,
they
appoint
,
That
for
easing
the
Country
of
charges
,
twelve
thousand
of
them
should
be
sent
over
into
Ireland
,
the
rest
to
be
disbanded
,
except
six
thousand
Horse
,
two
thousand
Dragoons
,
and
six
thousand
Foot
.
These
to
be
carried
over
by
Skippon
into
Ireland
,
and
those
under
the
command
of
Fairfax
to
be
divided
into
the
several
Counties
of
the
Kingdom
,
with
intent
,
as
they
said
,
They
might
be
in
a
readiness
to
stifle
all
Tumults
in
the
bud
,
and
that
they
themselves
being
in
a
body
together
,
might
not
attempt
any
Innovations
.
The
Souldiers
mutiny
,
the
Officers
secretly
applauding
them
,
though
vexed
in
shew
,
who
(
the
seditious
succeeding
to
their
mind
)
joyn
with
them
.
Many
Officers
and
all
the
private
Souldiers
that
were
Sectarians
,
smelling
a
far
off
that
by
that
trick
they
would
be
wormed
out
of
the
power
which
they
had
got
,
and
the
Military
authority
fall
wholly
into
the
hands
of
the
Presbyterians
,
put
the
rest
of
the
Souldiers
in
fear
that
they
were
to
be
disbanded
without
their
Pay
,
or
all
transported
into
Ireland
,
there
to
be
consumed
with
labour
,
sickness
,
hunger
,
and
nakedness
.
Hence
the
Souldiers
began
to
mutiny
,
object
their
little
Reasons
to
the
contrary
,
and
at
length
to
break
out
into
Sedition
.
The
Officers
in
the
mean
time
pretended
in
shew
to
be
angry
at
these
things
,
to
repress
,
and
by
all
means
resist
the
mutinous
common
Souldiers
;
but
secretly
they
encourage
them
in
the
business
,
and
industriously
foment
their
fury
.
And
the
Sedition
succeeding
according
to
their
wishes
,
they
lay
aside
the
Mask
,
withdraw
from
London
to
head
the
Mutineers
in
the
Camp
,
and
all
together
enter
into
a
Confederacy
against
the
Parliament
;
amongst
whom
Cromwel
was
the
chief
,
Cromwel
among
the
first
.
who
lately
,
calling
God
to
witness
,
had
professed
,
That
he
was
certain
the
Souldiers
would
at
the
first
word
of
command
throw
down
their
Arms
at
the
Parliaments
feet
;
and
had
solemnly
sworn
,
That
he
rather
wished
himself
and
whole
Family
burnt
,
than
that
the
Army
should
break
out
into
Sedition
.
They
who
were
true
to
the
Parl.
being
disbanded
.
And
so
they
turn
out
of
place
about
an
hundred
Captains
and
Officers
,
who
chose
rather
to
be
true
to
the
Parliament
,
than
to
enter
into
that
Confederacy
.
The
private
Souldiers
had
opportunity
to
begin
this
attempt
by
means
of
the
Adjutators
.
These
,
This
they
attempt
by
means
of
the
Adjutators
.
by
connivance
of
the
Officers
,
were
chosen
two
out
of
every
Regiment
of
Horse
and
Foot
,
and
had
power
from
their
fellow-Souldiers
to
keep
Councils
,
judge
what
was
fit
to
be
done
for
the
common
good
,
and
by
Spies
dispersed
through
all
quarters
and
Garrisons
inform
the
rest
.
These
Adjutators
at
length
usurp
the
authority
of
Colonels
,
not
thinking
it
enough
to
have
meetings
amongst
themselves
,
but
in
Councils
of
War
challenge
place
amongst
the
principal
Officers
;
nor
barely
concerning
themselves
in
the
interest
of
the
private
Souldiers
,
they
meddle
in
the
ordering
and
government
of
the
whole
Army
;
and
not
onely
so
,
but
bestir
themselves
also
in
the
affairs
of
the
whole
People
,
as
well
of
England
as
Ireland
,
and
in
reforming
the
government
of
both
;
the
chief
Officers
,
till
the
Parliament
was
by
their
mutual
Conspiracy
ruined
,
scarcely
mustering
against
it
.
They
designe
a
Common-wealth
.
These
men
have
nothing
in
their
mouths
but
the
Liberty
and
Power
of
the
People
,
and
professedly
labour
to
erect
a
Democracy
,
giving
being
,
birth
,
and
name
to
a
popular
Commonwealth
,
another
sort
of
Republick
.
They
carry
away
the
King
out
of
the
Parliaments
custody
;
sooth
him
with
fair
promises
and
kind
Offices
.
The
Souldiers
grown
thus
insolent
and
bold
,
stand
not
in
awe
to
seize
and
carry
away
the
King
out
of
the
Parliaments
custody
,
who
upon
the
treacherous
discovery
of
a
certain
Earl
,
they
understood
was
by
the
Captain
of
the
Guard
,
with
full
authority
,
to
be
brought
to
London
;
and
having
done
so
,
they
endeavour
to
please
him
with
officious
and
flattering
promises
of
greater
liberty
and
freedom
,
and
more
dutiful
usage
;
pretending
to
lament
his
condition
,
as
being
by
the
severity
of
the
Parliament
,
in
a
manner
,
buried
alive
within
his
own
Palace
,
as
in
a
Prison
,
deprived
of
the
company
of
his
Friends
and
Servants
;
Professing
(
which
to
them
was
more
than
an
Oath
)
that
they
would
never
lay
down
their
Arms
until
they
had
put
the
Scepter
into
his
hands
,
and
procured
better
Conditions
for
his
Friends
.
They
allow
him
the
assistance
of
his
Chaplains
,
the
exercise
of
his
Religion
,
and
a
free
correspondence
with
the
Queen
,
by
Messengers
and
Letters
,
without
any
examination
.
His
Royal
Children
were
likewise
suffered
to
visit
him
,
that
so
far
at
least
he
might
seem
to
be
at
home
,
and
to
enioy
the
dearest
part
of
his
Kingdom
.
In
so
much
,
that
the
Camp
seemed
to
be
transformed
into
the
Court
,
whilst
his
Majesties
domestick
Servants
return
with
joy
to
their
Master
,
and
Courtiers
increase
daily
in
number
.
And
that
they
may
seem
to
be
serious
in
treating
with
the
King
about
the
setling
of
affairs
,
they
frame
Propositions
,
whereby
they
gave
it
out
,
That
things
were
contrived
to
the
best
for
the
interest
of
his
Majesty
,
of
themselves
,
and
of
the
Publick
;
They
frame
Propositions
whereby
they
would
provide
for
the
interest
of
the
King
,
of
themselves
,
and
of
the
Publick
;
and
soften
them
for
the
Kings
sake
.
to
which
if
the
King
would
condescend
,
they
engage
on
their
parts
immediately
to
restore
him
to
the
height
of
Royal
Majesty
.
When
afterwards
the
King
liked
them
not
as
they
were
proposed
by
their
Commissioners
,
they
soften
them
,
and
made
as
if
they
had
almost
accommodated
them
to
the
intentions
of
the
King
;
nay
,
one
or
two
of
his
Majesties
Servants
,
whensoever
they
had
a
mind
to
it
,
were
permitted
to
be
present
in
their
Councils
of
War
.
In
the
mean
time
they
publish
Declarations
and
Remonstrances
to
the
dishonour
of
the
Parliament
;
By
Declarations
they
envy
against
the
Parliament
.
Accuse
several
Members
of
Treason
.
accuse
them
of
Covetousness
,
Selfishness
,
Ambition
,
Injustice
,
Cruelty
,
and
Tyranny
;
demand
their
Arrears
;
accuse
eleven
able
Commoners
,
and
as
many
Peers
of
the
contrary
Faction
,
of
High-Treason
,
and
having
brought
frivolous
Articles
against
them
,
they
urge
,
that
being
excluded
the
House
,
they
may
be
brought
to
a
Tryal
.
They
desire
,
nay
command
,
Command
the
Parl.
to
be
dissolved
.
that
the
present
Parliament
be
within
a
prefixed
time
dissolved
,
foreseeing
that
to
be
the
onely
way
whereby
they
might
hope
to
gratifie
the
People
,
and
that
a
new
and
better
Parliament
should
be
called
in
place
of
it
,
thereby
to
flatter
the
hopes
of
wretched
Sufferers
.
It
is
not
to
be
denied
,
but
that
they
proposed
many
useful
things
,
that
they
might
cajole
the
people
;
They
propose
useful
things
to
the
people
,
and
pretend
to
mind
the
K.'s
interest
;
wherein
they
never
forgot
,
sometimes
obliquely
,
and
sometimes
also
directly
to
speak
in
favour
of
the
King
;
and
that
to
this
purpose
:
That
the
King
,
Queen
,
and
Royal
Family
be
restored
to
their
just
Rights
,
without
which
,
they
cry
,
no
solid
Peace
can
be
expected
.
Yet
for
the
most
part
they
play
fast
and
loose
by
Conditions
annexed
,
or
ambiguous
words
,
But
in
ambiguous
words
.
so
that
afterward
they
might
easily
extricate
themselves
from
these
Promises
,
provided
they
had
the
luck
to
get
the
better
of
the
Presbyterians
.
They
march
against
the
Parliament
.
But
when
the
Parliament
thought
it
neither
honourable
nor
safe
to
comply
with
these
military
demands
,
the
Army
inverting
now
the
Cause
,
declare
for
the
King
and
People
,
and
march
against
the
Parliament
.
The
Parl.
prepares
for
defence
.
On
the
other
hand
,
the
Parliament
with
the
Londoners
prepare
for
a
defence
,
and
vote
that
the
King
should
be
invited
to
London
,
the
people
in
a
manner
forcing
them
to
it
,
who
with
importunate
Petitions
and
Clamours
,
thundred
tumultuously
in
Westminster-hall
.
But
the
Speakers
of
both
Houses
,
with
many
Members
flying
to
the
Camp
,
the
Citizens
are
appeased
upon
the
fair
promises
of
the
Army
;
In
the
mean
time
the
Speakers
of
both
Houses
,
with
about
fifty
Members
,
partly
Aristocraticks
,
and
partly
Democraticks
,
privily
flie
from
London
and
betake
themselves
to
the
Camp
,
in
great
consternation
,
pretending
violence
offered
unto
them
by
their
fellow-Members
,
Citizens
,
and
some
disbanded
Souldiers
,
and
demand
reparation
by
Arms
:
yet
all
this
while
they
left
others
of
their
own
stamp
behind
them
in
the
Parliament
,
that
might
blow
the
Coals
,
and
disappoint
the
Councils
of
the
rest
.
The
Citizens
,
who
like
men
in
an
Ague
after
a
burning
heat
,
fall
presently
into
a
shaking
cold
,
were
easily
appeased
by
the
fair
promises
of
the
Army
,
That
the
King
should
be
restored
(
which
was
their
onely
desire
)
the
Parliament
dissolved
,
and
publick
Peace
and
Justice
setled
.
But
the
Country-people
,
who
heretofore
were
in
a
readiness
to
flock
to
the
assistance
of
London
,
were
now
equally
disgusted
both
with
the
Citizens
and
Parliament
,
as
those
who
having
first
kindled
the
War
,
were
still
unwilling
to
put
out
the
flame
,
and
seemed
to
be
the
onely
men
that
shut
their
Gates
against
Peace
that
was
ready
to
return
into
the
Kingdom
.
And
without
any
previous
Articles
,
open
their
Gates
to
the
Souldiers
.
What
's
now
to
be
done
?
The
Parliament
desponds
;
and
the
officious
Citizens
,
who
were
for
the
Army
and
Faction
,
open
the
Gates
,
and
without
any
previous
Articles
,
tamely
deliver
up
the
City
to
the
mercy
of
the
Souldiers
.
Upon
this
the
fugitive
Members
are
with
no
small
pomp
instantly
restored
to
their
places
.
The
fugitive
Members
are
restored
;
the
accused
Presbyterians
flie
;
others
temporize
,
all
lose
courage
.
Some
Commoners
,
the
Mayor
and
Leading-men
of
the
City
,
with
some
Lords
,
are
clapt
up
in
Prison
.
The
accused
Presbyterians
flie
;
and
some
,
as
it
is
usual
,
temporizing
,
strike
in
with
the
victorious
Party
,
and
the
rest
lose
courage
.
From
that
time
forward
the
History
of
the
Evils
they
had
done
,
is
to
be
read
in
those
they
suffer
.
Some
of
the
Members
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
the
Mayor
also
,
and
many
chief
Citizens
being
committed
to
the
Tower
,
smart
for
their
late
fear
and
cowardise
in
abandoning
the
safety
of
their
fellow-Citizens
,
and
their
former
obstinacy
and
insolence
against
the
King
.
Seven
or
eight
Lords
accused
of
Treason
,
are
cast
into
Prison
;
but
afterward
the
heat
of
Emulation
by
little
and
little
cooling
,
and
being
almost
quite
over
,
the
Prisoners
,
without
any
Indictments
brought
against
them
,
are
discharged
from
their
loathsome
Prisons
,
to
be
an
example
to
others
,
not
to
presume
hereafter
to
resist
.
Nor
could
this
satisfie
them
,
unless
also
to
shew
their
strength
,
and
the
continence
and
discipline
of
the
Souldiers
,
the
Commanders
of
the
Army
led
their
men
with
Artillery
and
Ammunition
,
as
in
triumph
over
the
Citizens
,
through
the
chief
streets
of
London
.
When
the
Army
had
now
mastered
the
two
strong
Forts
of
the
Kingdom
,
the
Parliament
and
the
City
of
London
,
being
doubly
victorious
over
their
friends
and
enemies
,
there
remained
no
more
to
be
done
,
but
how
they
might
at
their
leisure
settle
and
confirm
themselves
in
the
Power
which
now
they
had
obtained
.
A
new
Lieutenant
&
Garrison
are
put
into
the
Tower
of
London
.
The
Lieutenant
and
Garrison
of
the
Tower
of
London
,
are
chosen
out
of
the
dregs
of
the
Citizens
;
but
such
as
had
nobilitated
themselves
by
being
Slaves
to
the
Faction
,
the
old
Lieutenant
with
the
accustomed
Garrison
being
turned
out
for
no
other
fault
,
but
that
he
favoured
the
Presbyterians
.
The
Colonels
and
Officers
of
the
Army
changed
.
The
Commissioners
who
had
the
power
of
ordering
the
whole
Army
,
as
also
the
Colonels
,
Captains
,
and
other
Officers
,
are
forced
to
turn
out
,
to
make
way
for
men
of
a
new
mould
.
The
Posts
and
Chains
of
the
City
being
pulled
down
.
But
some
may
think
that
it
was
overdoing
,
that
when
the
Citizens
had
long
ago
laid
aside
their
Arms
and
their
resolution
,
yet
the
Works
and
Fortifications
of
the
City
should
be
demolished
,
under
pretext
that
the
Kingdom
was
now
in
Peace
;
and
then
the
Posts
and
Chains
in
the
streets
removed
,
that
the
Horse
might
have
freer
passage
into
all
the
corners
of
the
Town
,
and
no
hold
left
to
the
Citizens
and
the
women
from
which
they
might
in
probability
kick
.
A
popular
Republican
is
set
over
the
Fleet.
Moreover
,
that
they
might
establish
their
Government
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
Rainsborough
,
the
Bell-weather
of
the
Republicans
,
is
set
over
the
Fleet.
Fairfax
made
General
of
the
Forces
both
in
England
and
Ireland
.
Thanks
are
given
to
the
Army
,
Fairfax
is
appointed
General
of
the
Forces
not
onely
in
England
,
but
in
Ireland
also
,
that
that
Country
might
the
more
speedily
be
succoured
.
The
Army
has
the
thanks
not
onely
of
the
Parliament
and
of
the
Ministers
from
the
Pulpit
,
but
likewise
of
the
honest
Citizens
,
who
now
entertain
and
feast
in
their
houses
the
very
men
whom
a
little
before
they
intended
to
drive
from
their
Walls
.
A
months
Pay
besides
,
And
Pay
.
as
a
token
of
kindness
,
is
appointed
for
the
Souldiers
,
for
their
good
services
to
the
Parliament
.
It
's
long
in
suspence
to
what
side
the
Parl.
should
adhere
.
It
was
for
a
long
time
hotly
disputed
to
which
side
the
Parliament
should
adhere
,
whether
the
Acts
of
the
Army
or
Parliament
ought
to
be
annulled
,
since
both
of
them
,
according
to
the
different
number
of
Voices
,
had
by
turns
been
resciended
;
and
being
uncertain
how
to
get
out
of
that
Labyrinth
,
that
the
Parliament
might
not
seem
to
be
interrupted
,
or
force
put
upon
them
whereby
their
authority
would
be
weakened
,
or
that
they
might
seem
to
approve
the
right
of
changing
sides
,
which
they
had
long
ago
condemned
in
the
Members
that
followed
the
King
.
They
are
now
for
both
,
by
and
by
again
for
either
of
the
two
,
and
of
a
sudden
again
for
neither
.
However
,
The
flight
of
the
Members
of
Parl.
is
approved
.
they
resolve
that
the
separation
of
the
flying
Members
,
and
their
conjunction
with
the
Army
is
altogether
to
be
approved
,
as
being
lawfully
done
for
the
publick
good
.
By
which
successes
the
Commanders
of
the
Army
and
Ring
leaders
of
the
Faction
,
were
so
puft
up
,
The
Rebels
having
got
the
power
into
their
hands
,
forget
the
K.
some
being
for
an
Oligarchy
,
and
others
for
Democraty
.
that
they
quite
forgot
their
old
Friends
and
fellow-Souldiers
.
There
was
no
more
mention
now
of
dissolving
the
Parliament
,
calling
a
new
one
,
nor
of
the
Promises
whereby
they
had
so
often
imposed
upon
the
King
and
People
.
All
their
care
is
to
mind
their
own
advantage
,
and
how
to
settle
that
Oligarchy
,
which
now
they
seemed
to
be
in
possession
of
.
But
the
Adjutators
and
all
the
popular
Republicans
are
no
less
busie
and
sollicitous
to
have
that
Parliament
dissolved
,
and
a
new
one
,
under
the
name
of
a
Representative
by
the
free
election
of
the
People
,
called
,
with
a
limitation
of
their
power
and
time
of
sitting
,
that
so
they
might
introduce
a
Democraty
.
Both
Parties
being
out
of
dread
of
the
Presbyterians
,
All
conspire
against
Monarchy
and
the
K.
equally
conspire
the
ruine
of
the
King
and
Monarchy
.
It
had
been
long
before
privately
proposed
amongst
some
,
to
assassinate
the
King
,
Whose
murder
they
plot
;
some
privately
,
whilst
he
was
in
the
Scottish
Army
;
that
they
might
at
the
same
time
glut
their
malice
,
and
throw
the
odium
of
the
fact
upon
the
Scots
.
Afterwards
one
Rolf
a
Shoemaker
,
instigated
by
some
,
armed
himself
for
the
Regicide
.
That
Fellow
being
informed
that
the
King
intended
to
make
his
escape
out
of
a
window
when
he
was
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
lay
in
wait
with
a
Musket
several
nights
,
that
he
might
shoot
him
as
by
accident
.
Others
by
a
Council
of
War
.
But
now
several
fiercely
urge
,
that
he
should
be
forthwith
and
secretly
dispatched
,
or
at
least
that
being
condemned
by
a
Council
of
War
,
he
should
be
beheaded
.
Some
under
pretext
of
a
Parliamentary
Authority
.
But
it
seemed
more
generous
and
safe
to
the
leading
Rebels
to
protract
time
,
and
manage
the
matter
gradually
by
wiles
and
crafty
fetches
,
until
being
countenanced
by
a
colour
of
Authority
,
they
might
,
under
a
sham
of
satisfying
publick
Justice
,
perpetrate
the
matchless
Villany
.
And
thus
they
ordered
it
.
To
which
they
make
way
gradually
,
sending
Propositions
to
the
K.
with
a
pretence
of
peace
,
but
in
reality
to
find
a
cause
of
accusing
him
:
Conditions
of
Peace
were
to
be
proposed
to
the
King
;
but
such
,
as
if
he
consented
to
them
,
he
himself
would
renounce
the
Crown
:
and
if
he
refused
,
he
would
be
deposed
by
the
Votes
of
others
;
and
so
be
,
over
and
above
,
reckoned
obstinate
by
the
people
;
which
would
give
them
a
more
specious
pretext
for
accomplishing
their
designe
.
For
this
end
it
is
contrived
and
obtained
,
that
the
Parliament
should
again
send
to
the
King
Propositions
,
but
such
as
were
rather
imperious
and
hard
Commands
,
than
Conditions
of
Peace
to
be
treated
about
,
which
being
granted
,
he
would
pluck
off
his
Crown
with
his
own
hands
.
Which
,
though
the
Commanders
of
the
Army
had
procured
in
Parl.
yet
in
the
Camp
they
perswade
the
K.
not
to
condescend
to
them
.
To
which
,
though
the
Commanders
of
the
Army
and
Cromwel
in
the
first
place
,
had
given
their
Votes
in
the
Parliament
;
yet
in
the
Camp
they
advised
the
King
not
to
condescend
to
them
,
promising
that
they
would
either
obtain
or
command
more
reasonable
Conditions
for
him
;
and
seemed
to
detest
those
as
proceeding
from
the
hautiness
and
severity
of
the
Presbyterians
.
The
K.
makes
answer
to
the
Parl.
proposals
,
His
Majesty
being
deluded
by
that
artifice
,
makes
answer
to
this
purpose
:
That
the
Propositions
were
such
,
as
he
could
not
in
honour
and
conscience
consent
to
them
,
being
such
as
could
not
reconcile
all
interests
,
nor
settle
a
lasting
Peace
in
the
Kingdom
:
Appeals
to
the
Demands
of
the
Army
,
as
more
conducing
to
peace
.
He
appeals
rather
to
the
Proposals
of
the
Army
,
as
much
more
conducing
to
the
satisfaction
of
all
interests
,
and
a
fit
subject
for
a
personal
conference
betwixt
himself
and
the
two
Houses
(
which
he
earnestly
desired
;
)
for
which
cause
his
Majesty
would
have
Commissioners
from
the
Army
admitted
.
Cromwel
and
the
rest
of
the
Commanders
of
the
Army
were
extreamly
well
satisfied
with
this
Answer
,
Where
at
Cromwel
and
the
Commanders
seem
to
rejoyce
.
as
if
the
King
himself
gave
greater
honour
to
the
Army
than
to
the
Parliament
;
and
therefore
on
their
parts
they
promise
all
good
Offices
to
his
Majesty
.
In
the
mean
time
they
take
all
courses
to
incense
the
rest
against
the
King
,
But
from
thence
labour
to
incense
the
rest
of
the
Members
against
him
.
pretending
themselves
much
ashamed
that
they
could
not
perform
all
they
promised
;
and
excuse
themselves
sometimes
because
of
the
reverence
that
was
due
to
the
Parliament
,
and
sometimes
again
because
of
the
peremptoriness
of
the
Adjutators
:
They
juggle
with
the
K.
putting
him
by
turns
in
hope
and
fear
.
at
length
they
began
to
juggle
and
quite
fall
off
,
to
give
a
contrary
sence
to
their
promises
,
and
to
suggest
apprehensions
to
the
King
,
as
if
the
Adjutators
and
Republicans
designed
his
Majesties
death
,
whose
insolent
attempts
they
could
not
moderate
nor
at
present
repress
;
mingling
with
all
,
promises
that
if
they
could
cut
the
combs
of
the
Adjutators
,
and
restore
the
lost
Discipline
of
the
Army
,
they
would
without
delay
perform
what
they
had
undertaken
.
With
which
his
Majesty
being
moved
,
At
which
his
Majesty
being
moved
,
makes
his
escape
to
the
Isle
of
Wight
.
(
seeing
it
was
worse
to
distrust
than
to
be
deceived
)
he
privately
made
his
escape
from
the
Army
,
and
(
as
sate
would
have
it
)
fled
to
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
the
government
of
which
(
as
it
seems
probable
)
was
just
before
put
into
the
hands
of
Colonel
Hammond
a
dear
friend
to
Cromwel
,
that
there
he
might
play
his
part
in
this
business
.
To
this
mans
protection
the
King
commits
himself
,
running
of
his
own
accord
into
the
Snare
which
the
Rebels
had
long
ago
laid
for
him
.
From
thence
he
speedily
writes
to
the
Parl.
sending
also
Concessions
;
But
that
he
might
not
be
wanting
to
the
publick
whilst
the
Parliament
were
at
a
stand
,
wondering
whither
he
might
have
fled
,
his
Majesty
wrote
to
them
,
sending
therewith
Concessions
that
were
too
easie
and
great
to
be
expected
,
or
indeed
to
be
wished
for
by
any
;
adding
thereto
invincible
Arguments
,
why
he
could
not
consent
to
the
Proposals
lately
sent
him
by
the
Parliament
.
Vpon
which
he
demands
a
Treaty
with
the
Parl.
He
proposes
his
own
Concessions
and
the
Demands
of
the
Army
,
as
a
fit
subject
for
a
personal
Treaty
:
and
for
the
sake
of
the
People
and
Kingdom
,
earnestly
desires
it
,
being
willing
on
his
own
part
to
condescend
to
any
thing
,
that
by
any
means
he
might
procure
Peace
and
Tranquillity
to
his
languishing
Kingdoms
.
Thus
the
Rebels
oppose
and
take
occasion
of
asking
Demands
preliminary
to
the
Treaty
.
The
Republicans
of
both
sorts
,
as
well
they
that
were
for
a
few
,
as
for
a
many-headed
Commonwealth
,
endeavouring
by
all
means
to
put
a
stop
to
the
Peace
proposed
and
offered
by
the
King
,
take
hereby
occasion
to
oppose
to
his
Majesties
most
just
desires
,
four
unreasonable
Demands
,
as
preliminary
cautions
;
which
if
his
Majesty
would
consent
to
,
they
promise
to
treat
about
the
rest
.
I.
That
the
Parliament
should
have
power
to
raise
,
settle
and
maintain
the
Forces
by
Sea
and
Land
,
within
the
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Ireland
,
&c.
without
the
Kings
consent
;
it
being
declared
High-Treason
for
any
others
,
to
the
number
of
thirty
,
to
meet
together
without
the
authority
of
Parliament
.
II.
That
it
should
be
lawful
to
the
two
Houses
to
sit
and
adjourn
themselves
when
and
where
they
pleased
.
III.
That
all
Oaths
,
Declarations
,
Proclamations
,
and
other
proceedings
against
either
House
of
Parliament
during
the
War
,
should
be
declared
void
and
null
.
IV.
That
all
Titles
and
Honour
of
Peerage
conferred
on
any
by
the
King
since
his
Majesty
left
the
Parliament
,
and
since
the
great
Seal
was
carried
away
,
should
he
declared
void
.
All
these
things
they
demand
that
the
King
would
consent
might
be
past
into
Law
;
if
not
,
that
things
must
remain
as
they
were
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Scottish
Commissioners
who
were
then
at
London
,
Which
the
Scots
oppose
both
in
Parl.
and
before
the
King
.
give
in
their
Reasons
in
writing
against
these
Demands
;
and
when
,
nevertheless
,
they
saw
that
they
were
sent
to
the
King
,
they
protest
against
them
in
his
Majesties
presence
,
as
being
flatly
opposite
to
Religion
,
the
Crown
,
and
the
Agreements
made
betwixt
the
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Scotland
.
What
can
the
King
do
to
get
out
of
these
streights
?
If
he
grant
the
Demands
,
he
voluntarily
resignes
up
the
Government
;
and
if
he
refuse
,
he
must
be
deposed
with
the
ignominious
brand
of
Obstinacy
.
The
King
though
wanted
neither
greatness
of
Soul
nor
Wisdom
,
The
King
answers
.
and
therefore
sends
presently
back
an
Answer
:
That
the
necessity
of
complying
with
all
engaged
interests
in
these
great
distempers
for
a
perfect
settlement
of
Peace
,
his
Majesty
finds
to
be
none
of
the
least
difficulties
he
hath
met
with
since
the
time
of
his
afflictions
;
which
is
too
visible
,
when
at
the
same
time
that
the
two
Houses
of
the
English
Parliament
do
present
to
his
Majesty
several
Bills
and
Propositions
for
his
consent
,
the
Commissioners
for
Scotland
do
openly
protest
against
them
:
so
that
were
nothing
in
the
case
but
the
consideration
of
that
difference
,
his
Majesty
cannot
imagine
how
to
give
such
an
answer
to
what
is
now
proposed
,
as
thereby
to
promise
himself
his
great
end
,
A
Perfect
Peace
.
And
when
his
Majesty
farther
considers
how
impossible
it
is
(
in
the
condition
he
now
stands
)
to
fulfil
the
desires
of
his
two
Houses
,
since
the
onely
ancient
and
known
ways
of
passing
Laws
,
are
either
by
his
Majesties
personal
assent
in
the
House
of
Peers
,
or
by
Commission
under
his
great
Seal
of
England
;
he
cannot
but
wonder
at
such
failings
in
the
manner
of
address
which
is
now
made
unto
him
,
unless
his
two
Houses
intend
that
his
Majesty
shall
allow
of
a
great
Seal
made
without
his
authority
,
before
there
be
any
consideration
had
thereupon
in
a
Treaty
;
which
as
it
may
hereafter
hazard
the
security
it self
,
so
for
the
present
it
seems
very
unreasonable
to
his
Majesty
.
And
though
his
Majesty
is
willing
to
believe
that
the
intention
of
very
many
of
both
Houses
,
in
sending
those
Bills
before
a
Treaty
,
was
onely
to
obtain
a
Trust
from
him
,
and
not
to
take
any
advantage
by
passing
them
,
to
force
other
things
from
him
,
which
are
either
against
his
conscience
or
honour
;
yet
his
Majesty
believes
it's
clear
to
all
understandings
,
that
these
Bills
contain
(
as
they
are
now
penned
)
not
onely
the
divesting
himself
of
all
Soveraignty
,
and
that
without
possibility
of
recovering
it
either
to
him
or
his
Successors
,
(
except
by
repeal
of
these
Bills
)
but
also
the
making
his
Concessions
guilty
of
the
greatest
pressures
that
can
be
made
upon
the
Subject
,
as
in
other
particulars
,
so
by
giving
an
arbitrary
and
unlimited
power
to
the
two
Houses
for
ever
,
to
raise
and
levy
,
for
Land
and
Sea-service
,
of
what
persons
(
without
distinction
and
quality
)
and
to
what
numbers
they
please
;
and
likewise
for
the
payment
of
the
Arrears
,
to
levy
what
moneys
,
in
such
sort
,
and
by
such
ways
and
means
(
and
by
consequence
upon
the
Estates
of
whatsoever
persons
)
as
they
shall
think
fit
and
appoint
;
which
is
utterly
inconsistent
with
the
Liberty
and
Property
of
the
Subject
,
and
his
Majesties
trust
in
protecting
them
:
so
that
if
the
major
part
of
both
Houses
shall
think
it
necessary
to
put
the
rest
of
the
Propositions
into
Bills
,
his
Majesty
leaves
the
world
to
judge
how
unsafe
it
would
be
for
him
to
consent
thereunto
;
and
if
not
,
what
a
strange
condition
(
after
passing
those
four
Bills
)
his
Majesty
and
all
his
Subjects
would
be
cast
into
.
And
here
his
Majesty
thinks
it
not
unfit
to
wish
his
two
Houses
to
consider
well
of
the
manner
of
their
proceeding
;
that
when
his
Majesty
desires
a
personal
Treaty
with
them
for
the
setling
of
a
Peace
,
they
in
answer
propose
the
very
subject
matter
of
the
most
essential
part
thereof
to
be
first
granted
;
a
thing
which
will
be
hardly
credible
to
Posterity
:
Wherefore
his
Majesty
declares
,
that
neither
the
desire
of
being
freed
from
this
tedious
and
irksome
condition
of
life
his
Majesty
hath
so
long
suffered
,
nor
the
apprehension
of
what
shall
befal
him
in
case
his
two
Houses
shall
not
afford
him
a
personal
Treaty
,
shall
make
him
change
his
resolution
of
not
consenting
to
any
Act
,
till
the
whole
be
concluded
.
Yet
then
he
intends
not
onely
to
give
full
and
reasonable
satisfaction
in
the
particulars
presented
to
him
;
but
also
to
make
good
all
other
Concessions
mentioned
in
his
Message
of
the
16th
of
Novemb.
last
,
which
he
thought
would
have
produced
better
effects
than
what
he
finds
in
the
Bills
and
Propositions
now
presented
unto
him
.
And
yet
his
Majesty
cannot
give
over
,
but
now
again
earnestly
presseth
for
a
personal
Treaty
,
(
so
passionately
is
he
affected
with
the
advantages
which
Peace
will
bring
to
his
Majesty
and
all
his
Subjects
)
of
which
he
will
not
at
all
despair
,
(
there
being
no
other
visible
way
to
obtain
a
well-grounded
Peace
)
.
However
,
his
Majesty
is
very
much
at
ease
within
himself
,
for
having
fulfilled
the
offices
both
of
a
Christian
and
a
King
;
and
will
patiently
wait
the
good
pleasure
of
Almighty
God
,
to
incline
the
hearts
of
his
two
Houses
to
consider
their
King
,
and
compassionate
their
fellow-Subjects
miseries
.
The
King
having
delivered
this
Answer
sealed
up
,
to
be
carried
to
the
Parliament
,
the
Earl
of
D.
who
hankered
too
much
after
the
Oligarchick
Republicans
,
desired
it
to
be
opened
again
,
that
the
Commissioners
might
be
acquainted
with
what
they
brought
back
,
as
he
said
,
was
fitting
,
they
being
Commissioners
and
not
Posts
or
Couriers
;
(
though
no
such
thing
was
contained
in
their
publick
instructions
)
he
having
past
his
promise
that
no
prejudice
should
therefrom
accrew
to
the
King
.
Is
confined
to
close
imprisonment
.
But
so
soon
as
the
King
,
to
satisfie
them
,
had
read
over
his
Answer
himself
,
without
any
respect
had
to
their
faith
and
promise
,
they
confine
the
best
of
Princes
to
closer
imprisonment
in
●arisborough-Castle
,
where
then
he
was
:
They
put
from
him
all
his
Servants
,
except
some
new
comers
and
enemies
whom
they
placed
about
his
person
rather
in
derision
,
and
as
a
Guard
,
than
for
attending
and
serving
him
.
And
that
he
might
not
have
the
use
of
the
least
bit
of
Paper
secretly
conveyed
to
him
by
any
Messenger
,
they
set
Sentinels
at
all
the
entries
,
at
the
doors
and
windows
of
his
Chamber
.
The
Oligarchick
Commanders
reduce
the
Democraticks
to
order
,
and
restore
Military
Discipline
.
The
Oligarchick
Rebels
,
Cromwel
and
the
other
Commanders
of
the
Army
being
resolved
to
pursue
their
designe
,
the
Kings
Answer
wrought
no
good
effect
in
the
Parliament
;
yet
the
emulation
of
the
Democratick
Republicans
,
and
of
the
Adjutators
,
for
some
time
put
a
stop
to
their
proceedings
.
That
they
might
suppress
this
Party
,
of
whom
they
had
now
enough
,
a
general
muster
of
the
Forces
is
appointed
,
amongst
whom
one
whole
Regiment
having
got
the
Democratical
Proposals
,
which
they
termed
the
Ordinance
of
the
People
,
put
into
writing
,
they
carried
the
Paper
as
a
signal
in
their
hats
;
the
Oligarchick
Republicans
by
their
sollicitations
had
gained
one
or
two
Regiments
;
and
the
rest
of
the
Army
consisted
of
both
Parties
promiscuously
jumbled
together
.
The
chief
Commanders
who
were
of
the
first
(
as
the
inferiour
were
of
the
other
Party
)
drawing
together
into
a
ring
,
they
command
the
private
Souldiers
to
throw
away
their
Paper-signals
;
which
when
they
refused
to
do
,
according
as
they
had
laid
the
designe
,
they
break
in
amongst
them
,
and
pulling
out
some
of
the
more
sawcy
fellows
of
the
Regiment
,
they
cause
them
presently
to
be
shot
to
death
;
which
made
the
rest
throw
away
their
Badges
,
and
submit
to
the
pleasure
of
the
Generals
.
This
danger
being
over
,
They
openly
rail
against
the
King
,
they
began
to
publish
the
villany
they
had
so
long
concealed
,
to
rail
openly
against
the
King
in
the
House
,
make
Speeches
,
exhort
the
other
Members
,
and
to
contrive
four
Interdicts
rather
than
Votes
:
whereby
,
1.
It
is
resolved
,
And
pass
a
Vote
of
none
Addresses
to
the
King
.
That
the
Lords
and
Commons
do
declare
that
they
will
make
no
further
Addresses
or
Applications
to
the
King
.
2.
That
no
Application
or
Address
be
made
to
the
King
by
any
person
whatsoever
,
without
leave
of
both
Houses
.
3.
That
the
person
or
persons
that
shall
make
breach
of
this
Order
,
shall
incur
the
penalties
of
High-Treason
.
4.
That
the
Lords
and
Commons
do
declare
,
that
they
will
receive
no
more
any
Message
from
the
King
to
both
or
either
Houses
of
Parliament
,
or
to
any
other
person
.
But
neither
were
these
carried
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
without
tricks
and
the
usual
artifices
.
But
surreptitiously
in
the
Lower
House
;
For
before
any
mention
was
made
of
these
Propositions
in
the
House
,
fourty
or
fifty
leading-men
,
who
for
the
most
part
would
have
withstood
those
attempts
,
are
sent
into
their
several
Counties
upon
pretext
of
raising
money
to
pay
off
the
Souldiers
,
that
by
their
absence
,
fewer
opposing
,
and
the
greater
part
of
the
House
being
packt
,
the
matter
might
be
easily
carried
.
Nevertheless
,
this
execrable
motion
(
made
to
the
scandal
of
mankind
)
of
abjuring
their
King
,
was
debated
to
and
again
,
from
ten
in
the
morning
until
seven
at
night
,
and
had
not
,
after
all
,
found
the
Votes
rather
tired
out
than
perswaded
,
unless
the
chief
of
the
Oligarchick
Party
had
given
them
hopes
that
they
would
attempt
nothing
worse
against
the
King
.
The
three
last
Votes
past
in
the
space
of
half
an
hour
with
much
precipitation
,
whilst
the
Factious
got
into
the
places
of
the
dissenting
Members
,
who
had
withdrawn
out
of
the
House
to
take
a
little
refreshment
.
By
force
and
threats
in
the
Vpper
House
.
However
,
the
Vpper
House
was
more
hardly
brought
over
to
an
assent
:
for
there
the
Debate
lasted
many
days
,
until
Commissioners
coming
from
the
Army
upon
pretext
of
thanking
the
Lower
House
for
those
Votes
,
and
protesting
the
Army
would
protect
the
Commons
therein
,
threatned
the
Lords
if
they
persisted
to
oppose
them
,
and
shortly
after
,
whilst
they
still
delayed
,
forced
them
out
of
fear
to
consent
,
two
Regiments
of
Souldiers
being
sent
into
Westminster-hall
,
under
colour
of
a
Guard
to
the
Lower
House
;
but
in
reality
to
awe
the
dissenting
Lords
.
This
having
terrified
the
three
or
four
Lords
that
met
,
who
at
that
time
often
usurped
to
themselves
the
authority
of
the
Upper
House
,
(
many
stealing
out
of
the
way
)
they
agree
to
the
Votes
of
the
House
of
Commons
.
And
then
Commissioners
were
likewise
sent
from
the
Army
to
thank
the
Lords
for
that
good
service
done
to
the
Kingdom
,
and
solemnly
to
assure
them
in
name
of
the
whole
Army
,
That
they
would
maintain
and
defend
the
Rights
and
Priviledges
of
the
Vpper
House
.
Cromwel
excuses
himself
of
perfidiousness
.
The
Reader
may
be
pleased
to
observe
what
Cloak
Cromwel
used
for
this
perfidiousness
.
This
Blade
,
whilst
he
was
praying
that
Almighty
God
would
be
pleased
to
prosper
his
endeavours
in
raising
again
the
King
to
the
Throne
and
Majesty
of
his
Ancestors
;
here
the
words
stuck
between
his
teeth
,
so
that
he
could
not
utter
one
word
more
;
which
he
interpreting
as
a
signe
of
Gods
displeasure
,
concluded
the
King
to
be
rejected
of
God
.
But
to
others
he
roundly
expressed
himself
,
That
it
was
lawful
to
circumvent
a
wicked
deceiver
,
by
craft
and
deceit
.
After
this
comes
out
a
Proclamation
,
They
publish
a
Declaration
,
by
authority
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
wherein
the
sticklers
both
for
Oligarchy
and
Democracy
,
who
agreed
very
well
together
against
the
King
,
declare
the
Reasons
that
enclined
them
to
pass
those
Votes
of
none
Addresses
to
his
Majesty
.
This
they
stuff
with
all
the
Calumnies
that
were
raised
against
the
King
,
Which
they
stuff
with
all
the
Calumnies
they
can
against
the
King
.
by
the
Clubs
and
Conferences
of
his
lewdest
enemies
,
or
by
uncertain
Rumours
spread
abroad
by
themselves
;
to
which
they
adde
other
Aspersions
,
which
though
they
had
been
bawled
over
and
over
again
in
the
House
,
yet
were
found
not
to
have
had
the
least
shadow
of
truth
,
and
were
onely
invented
and
exaggerated
to
create
greater
hatred
.
They
cause
this
infamous
Libel
to
be
sent
about
into
all
the
Parishes
of
the
Kingdom
,
They
command
it
to
be
read
publickly
by
the
Ministers
in
all
Parish-Churches
,
being
secure
that
no
body
durst
,
or
indeed
could
undergo
the
danger
of
answering
it
,
since
all
the
Presses
were
narrowly
watched
.
The
Ministers
are
commanded
to
read
it
to
the
people
in
the
Church
,
and
to
preach
as
well
as
they
could
in
praise
of
it
.
And
that
they
might
be
the
more
willing
to
serve
the
end
,
And
sooth
them
with
promises
,
that
they
may
comm●nd
it
in
their
sermons
.
it
was
at
the
same
time
voted
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
That
the
Tythes
and
Dean
and
Chapters
Rents
should
be
paid
to
the
Preachers
;
seeming
to
be
very
sollicitous
for
the
Cause
of
God
and
Religion
,
when
in
reality
they
intended
to
cheat
the
Church
of
them
,
and
to
convert
them
to
profane
use
.
Nay
,
the
Justices
of
Peace
are
everywhere
enjoyned
to
force
the
Laicks
,
who
refused
,
to
pay
them
.
They
endeavour
by
their
Emissaries
to
procure
gratulatory
Petitions
.
They
likewise
hoped
to
stir
up
the
people
by
Emissaries
and
Souldiers
everywhere
dispersed
,
by
Anabaptists
,
Schismaticks
,
and
Hereticks
,
who
were
most
diligent
in
propagating
their
affairs
,
to
approve
what
the
Parliament
had
done
by
congratulatory
Addresses
,
and
to
demand
some
severer
punishment
to
be
inflicted
upon
the
King
.
But
it
happened
contrariwise
:
for
three
Answers
and
Apologies
at
least
came
out
within
a
short
time
,
The
K.
Majesty
is
justified
by
many
Apologies
.
(
one
of
which
was
written
with
the
Kings
own
hand
)
wherein
his
Majesty
was
most
clearly
acquitted
from
those
reproachful
Imputations
,
and
the
Accusations
retorted
upon
the
Faction
it self
,
which
was
proved
to
be
guilty
of
all
the
crimes
that
it
maliciously
and
falsly
fastened
upon
the
King
;
and
that
with
so
great
evidence
and
perspicuity
,
that
no
man
durst
offer
so
much
as
to
mutter
against
it
.
The
Parsons
coldly
execute
their
orders
:
very
few
congratulate
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Ministers
coldly
obey
their
commands
:
and
some
few
gratulatory
Addresses
by
the
industry
of
Sectarians
,
are
with
much
ado
extorted
from
a
few
Counties
,
and
signed
but
with
the
hands
of
some
obscure
and
notoriously
malicious
Villains
.
All
the
people
grumble
and
fret
.
Now
the
people
began
to
grumble
and
fret
,
to
accuse
the
Sectarians
,
and
especially
the
Souldiers
of
juggling
and
imposture
;
and
to
curse
them
all
.
Afterwards
came
Petitions
from
a
great
many
Counties
,
Many
petition
for
a
personal
Treaty
with
the
King
,
and
those
also
which
always
were
for
the
Parliament
,
earnestly
intreating
that
a
personal
Treaty
might
be
had
with
the
King
,
that
the
Army
might
be
paid
and
disbanded
,
that
assistance
in
the
mean
time
should
be
sent
over
into
Ireland
,
that
England
might
be
eased
from
Oppressions
,
and
from
contributing
to
the
charges
of
an
unnecessary
Army
,
which
it
was
no
longer
able
to
bear
.
At
length
it
came
to
that
,
that
a
great
many
of
these
humble
Petitions
signed
with
the
hands
of
infinite
numbers
of
men
,
The
Rebels
in
vain
opposing
it
.
had
almost
confounded
the
repugnancy
of
the
Parliament
;
the
Commanders
of
the
Army
in
the
several
Counties
,
and
the
Parliament
Commissioners
,
who
for
the
most
part
did
all
now
comply
with
the
victorious
Party
,
in
vain
using
all
their
endeavours
by
threats
of
sequestrations
,
imprisonments
,
banishment
,
and
death
,
and
now
and
then
by
flattery
and
golden
promises
,
to
make
them
desist
and
be
silent
.
Nor
can
we
pass
over
,
without
a
remark
,
☜
the
changing
Tides
of
Divine
Vengeance
,
or
of
Popular
Inconstancy
;
whilst
the
very
same
Parliament
,
from
which
the
first
tumults
of
petitioning
against
the
King
had
their
rise
,
does
now
complain
that
the
dignity
of
the
Members
are
endangered
by
an
undesired
confluence
of
Petitioners
.
The
first
that
led
the
van
in
petitioning
were
the
Essex-men
,
in
numbers
unusual
before
these
times
,
First
were
the
Essex-men
;
who
were
so
many
that
they
might
have
compelled
those
whom
they
came
to
supplicate
.
Next
,
those
of
Surrey
,
who
are
abused
by
the
Souldiers
.
Next
came
the
Surrey-men
,
who
being
unarmed
,
were
upon
a
slight
occasion
barbarously
treated
by
the
Souldiers
near
the
very
door
of
the
Parliament-house
;
being
severely
beaten
,
forced
to
flie
,
some
killed
,
more
wounded
,
all
plundered
,
and
that
by
order
of
the
House
,
and
command
of
the
Officers
;
nay
,
the
Rioters
had
the
thanks
of
the
Lower
House
,
and
rewards
for
the
fact
;
that
so
the
people
might
for
the
future
beware
of
licentious
petitioning
,
which
heretofore
was
judged
a
part
of
their
Right
.
But
all
they
get
by
their
Tyranny
in
labouring
to
stifle
the
Grievances
and
Complaints
of
the
opprest
people
,
But
nevertheless
,
more
Petitions
come
from
other
Counties
;
was
to
incense
the
other
Counties
to
ply
them
more
frequently
with
Petitions
:
who
seeing
they
could
procure
no
remedy
by
complaining
,
from
Prayers
and
Petitions
they
betake
themselves
to
Arms.
The
liberty
of
the
King
and
People
(
which
heretofore
the
deluded
Rabble
thought
to
be
inconsistent
)
are
again
born
in
colours
,
by
the
men
of
Kent
,
And
the
Kentish
and
Essex
men
with
several
others
being
repulsed
,
betake
themselves
to
Arms.
Essex
,
Suffolk
,
Norfolk
,
York-shire
,
and
other
Northern
Counties
,
South
and
North
Wales
also
,
and
at
length
of
Surrey
,
who
were
inflamed
with
a
greater
desire
of
vengeance
;
many
Nobles
(
the
Earl
of
Holland
,
Wiot
,
and
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
&c.
)
who
were
unluckily
discovered
to
have
entered
into
a
Conspiracy
at
London
,
joyning
them
too
hastily
.
The
Fleet
also
falls
off
from
the
Parl.
The
Sea-men
also
being
carried
with
the
same
tyde
of
Commiseration
towards
the
King
,
fall
off
,
and
seventeen
men
of
War
,
having
put
the
Republican
Admiral
Rainsborough
on
shore
,
come
over
to
Prince
Charles
.
The
Scots
rise
in
arms
for
delivering
the
K.
out
of
prison
.
The
Scots
also
by
order
of
their
Parliament
take
up
Arms
for
delivering
the
King
out
of
Prison
wherein
he
was
basely
detained
,
and
make
an
Irruption
into
the
Northern
parts
of
England
,
with
a
numerous
army
under
the
command
of
Hamilton
;
being
joyned
by
Sir
Marmaduke
Langdale
,
with
a
considerable
body
of
English
:
But
whether
it
was
the
wonted
ill
fortune
of
the
King
,
or
of
Hamilton
himself
,
or
rather
the
decree
and
purpose
of
Almighty
God
,
the
English
first
,
by
intervals
,
and
one
after
another
,
The
English
are
overcome
by
the
enemy
.
were
routed
and
killed
by
the
enemy
:
for
it
was
a
matter
of
small
difficulty
for
an
old
Army
provided
with
Ammunition
and
all
other
necessaries
of
War
,
commanded
by
vigilant
and
expert
Generals
and
Officers
,
to
defeat
and
put
to
flight
a
tumultuary
body
of
raw
Country-men
rather
than
Souldiers
,
destitute
of
Arms
and
warlike
provisions
,
and
for
most
part
without
Commanders
,
whilst
they
come
to
engage
by
Parties
one
after
another
.
Nevertheless
,
Colchester
in
Essex
,
and
Pembrooke
the
chief
Town
of
that
County
in
Wales
,
though
they
were
unprovided
for
a
Siege
,
gave
the
Rebels
no
little
work
to
do
.
Nor
did
Pontfract-Castle
fall
dishonourably
into
their
hands
;
out
of
which
about
thirty
Horsemen
breaking
through
the
Forces
that
besieged
the
place
,
pulled
Rainsborough
(
lately
Admiral
and
now
General
of
the
Northern
Army
,
who
had
brought
some
thousands
of
Auxiliary
Troops
to
make
an
end
of
the
Siege
)
out
of
his
Bed
in
Duncaster
a
fortified
Tower
,
twelve
miles
distant
from
Pontfract
;
and
because
he
refused
to
be
carried
away
with
them
as
a
Prisoner
,
killed
him
.
Nay
,
the
Garrison
being
reduced
to
the
utmost
extremity
,
all
had
free
liberty
to
depart
to
their
own
houses
,
except
two
Souldiers
;
to
whom
it
was
permitted
even
by
Articles
,
either
to
die
in
the
Bed
of
Honour
fighting
,
or
to
arm
themselves
and
strive
to
break
through
the
enemy
.
Which
both
of
them
watching
their
opportunity
,
got
on
horseback
,
and
performed
almost
without
a
wound
.
The
Scots
through
the
unskilfulness
and
cowardise
of
their
Generals
,
And
the
Scots
.
or
(
which
I
am
not
willing
to
suspect
)
their
treachery
,
leading
the
Army
in
two
bodies
forty
miles
distant
one
from
another
,
are
without
any
trouble
routed
by
Cromwel
,
who
unexpectedly
falling
upon
the
main
body
,
Hamilton
the
General
being
taken
.
put
it
to
flight
,
and
all
the
rest
into
consternation
;
many
being
killed
and
taken
,
amongst
whom
was
Hamilton
the
General
.
The
rest
he
pursued
into
Scotland
;
where
Argile
with
the
Forces
he
had
raised
,
being
no
less
an
Army
at
home
than
Cromwel
was
abroad
,
reduced
them
in
a
short
time
to
such
streights
,
that
the
Army
which
had
been
raised
by
order
of
Parliament
,
was
forced
to
lay
down
Arms
,
and
submit
to
the
discretion
of
Argile's
Faction
.
Then
was
a
new
Parliament
called
,
all
being
excluded
who
had
taken
up
Arms
,
or
voted
for
engaging
in
a
War
for
the
delivery
of
the
King
.
In
this
the
Acts
of
the
last
Parliament
were
recinded
,
the
War
declared
to
have
been
unlawful
,
Cromwel
had
the
publick
thanks
,
and
Argile
privately
engaged
(
as
Cromwel
himself
boasted
)
that
he
would
concur
with
the
Oligarchicks
of
England
,
and
root
out
Monarchy
(
when
occasion
offered
)
in
Scotland
as
well
as
in
England
.
The
ships
prepare
to
make
a
defection
from
the
Prince
,
matters
succeeding
ill
at
Land
.
Besides
,
many
Ships
,
the
Tyde
turning
,
according
to
the
innate
levine
of
Seamen
,
prepare
to
make
defection
from
the
Prince
,
casting
themselves
into
the
protection
of
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
who
had
won
their
hearts
by
frequent
Largesses
,
and
who
was
set
over
a
new
Fleet
for
a
time
,
that
he
might
draw
over
the
Seamen
again
to
the
obedience
of
the
Parliament
:
but
being
beset
with
the
Spies
Of
the
Oligarchick
Rebels
,
and
having
done
their
job
,
he
justly
received
the
usual
Reward
from
these
Masters
,
that
is
,
he
was
turned
out
and
laid
aside
.
The
Parl.
in
the
mean
time
think
of
making
peace
.
Whilst
the
Army
is
busied
in
these
Wars
,
the
Members
of
Parliament
being
a
little
rid
of
the
yoak
of
the
Army
and
Cromwel
that
were
now
at
a
distance
,
and
seriously
considering
how
ill
all
the
People
of
the
Kingdom
would
resent
the
injuries
done
to
the
King
,
and
how
ticklish
their
own
affairs
stood
,
they
begin
to
think
of
Peace
;
and
growing
wise
behind
hand
,
The
Act
of
None
Addresses
is
rescinded
.
against
the
advice
of
the
Oligarchick
Republicans
,
they
rescind
the
Votes
of
None
Addresses
,
by
the
unanimous
consent
of
both
Houses
.
They
appoint
a
Conference
with
the
K.
by
Commissioner
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
.
They
appoint
a
Conference
▪
with
the
King
for
composing
Differences
;
but
by
Commissioners
,
and
that
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
.
For
this
purpose
they
commissionate
five
Lords
for
the
Vpper
House
,
and
ten
Commoners
for
the
Lower
.
The
Propositions
to
be
debated
in
that
Conference
,
are
prescribed
to
the
Commissioners
.
¶
That
the
Translator
relates
all
which
verbatim
,
though
it
be
contrary
to
the
designe
of
this
Work
,
and
of
the
Author
,
who
hath
onely
entred
the
short
Articles
marked
with
the
numbers
I.
II.III
.
I
hope
the
Reader
will
not
dislike
,
since
the
Articles
at
large
contain
so
excellent
a
description
of
the
Changes
that
were
then
intended
to
be
made
in
the
Government
of
England
,
that
it
is
thought
very
fit
to
publish
them
according
to
the
perfect
Copy
printed
by
order
of
both
Houses
the
29th
of
August
,
1648.
May
it
please
your
Majesty
:
WE
the
Lords
and
Commons
assembled
in
the
Parliament
of
England
,
in
the
name
,
and
on
the
behalf
of
the
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Ireland
,
and
the
Commissioners
of
the
Parliament
of
Scotland
,
in
the
name
,
and
on
the
behalf
of
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
;
Do
humbly
present
unto
your
Majesty
the
humble
desires
and
Propositions
for
a
safe
and
well-grounded
Peace
,
agreed
upon
by
the
Parliaments
of
both
Kingdoms
respectively
;
unto
which
we
do
pray
your
Majesties
Assent
:
And
that
they
and
all
such
Bills
as
shall
be
tendered
to
your
Majesty
in
pursuance
of
them
,
or
any
of
them
,
may
be
Established
and
Enacted
for
Statutes
and
Acts
of
Parliament
,
by
your
Majesties
Royal
Assent
in
the
Parliaments
of
both
Kingdoms
respectively
.
I.
WHereas
both
Houses
of
the
Parliament
of
England
have
been
necessitated
to
undertake
a
War
in
their
just
and
lawful
defence
;
and
afterwards
both
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Scotland
joyned
in
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
,
were
engaged
to
prosecute
the
same
.
That
by
Act
of
Parliament
in
each
Kingdom
respectively
,
all
Oaths
,
Declarations
,
and
Proclamations
heretofore
had
,
or
hereafter
to
be
had
against
both
or
either
of
the
Houses
of
the
Parliament
of
England
,
the
Parliament
of
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
and
the
late
Convention
of
Estates
in
Scotland
,
or
Committees
flowing
from
the
Parliament
or
Convention
in
Scotland
,
or
their
Ordinances
and
Proceedings
;
or
against
any
for
adhering
unto
them
,
or
for
doing
or
executing
any
Office
,
Place
,
or
Charge
,
by
any
Authority
derived
from
them
;
and
all
Judgments
,
Indictments
,
Outlawries
,
Attainders
,
and
Inquisitions
,
in
any
the
said
Causes
;
and
all
Grants
thereupon
made
or
had
,
or
to
be
made
or
had
,
be
declared
Null
,
suppressed
and
forbidden
.
And
that
this
be
publickly
intimated
in
all
Parish-Churches
within
his
Majesties
Dominions
,
and
all
other
places
needful
.
II.
That
his
Majesty
,
according
to
the
laudable
example
of
his
Royal
Father
of
happy
memory
,
may
be
pleased
to
swear
and
signe
the
late
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
;
and
that
an
Act
of
Parliament
be
passed
in
both
Kingdoms
respectively
,
for
enjoyning
the
taking
thereof
by
all
the
Subjects
of
the
three
Kingdoms
;
and
the
Ordinances
concerning
the
manner
of
taking
the
same
in
both
Kingdoms
,
be
confirmed
by
Acts
of
Parliament
respectively
,
with
such
Penalties
as
by
mutual
advice
of
both
Kingdoms
shall
be
agreed
upon
.
III.
That
a
Bill
be
passed
for
the
utter
abolishing
and
taking
away
of
all
Archbishops
,
Bishops
,
their
Chancellors
,
and
Commissaries
,
Deans
,
and
Sub-Deans
,
Deans
and
Chapters
,
Arch-Deacons
,
Canons
,
and
Prebendaries
;
and
all
Chaunters
,
Chancellors
,
Treasurers
,
Sub-Treasurers
,
Succentors
,
and
Sacrists
;
all
Vicars
Choril
,
and
Choresters
,
old
Vicars
,
and
new
Vicars
of
any
Cathedral
or
Collegiate-Church
,
and
all
other
their
under-Officers
,
out
of
the
Church
of
England
,
and
Dominion
of
Wales
;
and
out
of
the
Church
of
Ireland
,
with
such
alterations
concerning
the
Estates
of
Prelates
,
as
shall
agree
with
the
Articles
of
the
late
Treaty
of
the
date
at
Edenburgh
,
29
November
,
1643.
and
joynt
Declaration
of
both
Kingdoms
.
IV.
That
the
Ordinances
concerning
the
calling
and
sitting
of
the
Assembly
of
Divines
,
be
confirmed
by
Act
of
Parliament
.
V.
That
Reformation
of
Religion
,
according
to
the
Covenant
,
be
setled
by
Act
of
Parliament
,
in
such
manner
as
both
Houses
have
agreed
,
or
shall
agree
upon
,
after
consultation
had
with
the
Assembly
of
Divines
.
For
as
much
as
both
Kingdoms
are
mutually
obliged
by
the
same
Covenant
,
to
endeavour
the
nearest
Conjunction
and
Uniformity
in
matters
of
Religion
,
That
such
Unity
and
Uniformity
in
Religion
,
according
to
the
Covenant
,
as
after
consultation
had
with
the
Divines
of
both
Kingdoms
now
assembled
,
is
or
shall
be
joyntly
agreed
upon
by
both
Houses
of
the
Parliament
of
England
,
and
by
the
Church
and
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
be
confirmed
by
Acts
of
Parliament
of
both
Kingdoms
respectively
.
VI.
That
for
the
more
effectual
disabling
Jesuits
,
Priests
;
Papists
,
and
Popish
Recusants
,
from
disturbing
the
State
,
and
deluding
the
Laws
;
and
for
the
better
discovering
,
and
speedy
conviction
of
Popish
Recusants
,
an
Oath
be
established
by
Act
of
Parliament
to
be
administred
to
them
,
wherein
they
shall
abjure
and
renounce
the
Popes
Supremacy
,
the
Doctrine
of
Transubstantiation
,
Purgatory
,
worshipping
of
the
Consecrated
Hoast
,
Crucifixes
and
Images
,
and
all
other
Popish
Superstitions
and
Errours
;
and
refusing
the
said
Oath
,
being
tendred
in
such
manner
as
shall
be
appointed
by
the
said
Act
,
to
be
a
sufficient
Conviction
of
Popish
Recu●ancy
.
An
Act
or
Acts
of
Parliament
for
Education
of
the
Children
of
Papists
by
Protestants
,
in
the
Protestant
Religion
.
VIII
.
An
Act
or
Acts
for
the
true
Levie
of
the
Penalties
against
them
;
which
Penalties
to
be
levied
and
disposed
in
such
manner
as
both
Houses
shall
agree
on
,
wherein
to
be
provided
that
his
Majesty
shall
have
no
loss
.
IX
.
That
an
Act
or
Acts
be
passed
in
Parliament
,
whereby
the
practices
of
Papists
against
the
State
may
be
prevented
,
and
the
Laws
against
them
duly
executed
,
and
a
stricter
course
taken
to
prevent
the
Saying
or
Hearing
of
Mass
in
the
Court
,
or
any
other
part
of
this
Kingdom
,
or
the
Kingdom
of
Ireland
.
The
like
for
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
concerning
the
four
last
preceding
Propositions
,
in
such
manner
as
the
Estates
of
the
Parliament
there
shall
think
fit
.
X.
That
the
King
do
give
his
Royal
assent
to
an
Act
for
the
due
observation
of
the
Lords
Day
.
XI
.
And
to
the
Bill
for
the
suppression
of
Innovasions
in
Churches
and
Chappels
,
in
and
about
the
Worship
of
God
.
XII
.
And
for
the
better
advancement
of
the
preaching
of
Gods
holy
Word
in
all
parts
of
this
Kingdom
.
XIII
.
And
to
the
Bill
against
the
enjoying
the
pluralities
of
Benefices
by
Spiritual
Persons
and
Non-Residency
.
XIV
.
And
to
an
Act
to
be
framed
and
agreed
upon
by
both
Houses
of
Parliament
,
for
the
reforming
and
regulating
of
both
Universities
,
of
the
Colledges
of
Westminster
,
Winchester
,
and
Eaton
.
XV.
And
to
such
Act
or
Acts
for
raising
of
Moneys
for
the
payment
and
satisfying
of
the
publick
Debts
and
Damages
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
other
publick
uses
,
as
shall
hereafter
be
agreed
on
by
both
Houses
of
Parliament
;
and
that
if
the
King
do
not
give
his
Assent
thereunto
,
then
it
being
done
by
both
Houses
of
Parliament
,
the
same
shall
be
as
valid
to
all
intents
and
purposes
as
if
the
Royal
Assent
had
been
given
thereunto
.
The
like
for
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
.
And
that
his
Majesty
give
assurance
of
his
consenting
in
the
Parliament
of
Scotland
,
to
an
Act
,
acknowledging
and
ratifying
the
Acts
of
the
Convention
of
Estates
of
Scotland
,
called
by
the
Council
and
Conservers
of
the
Peace
,
and
the
Commissioners
for
the
common
Burthens
,
and
assembled
the
two
and
twentieth
day
of
June
,
1643.
and
several
times
continued
since
:
and
of
the
Parliament
of
that
Kingdom
since
convened
.
XVI
.
That
the
Lords
and
Commons
in
the
Parliament
of
England
assembled
,
shall
,
during
the
space
of
twenty
years
,
from
the
first
of
July
,
1646.
arm
,
train
,
and
discipline
,
or
cause
to
be
armed
,
trained
,
and
disciplined
,
all
the
Forces
of
the
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Ireland
,
and
Dominion
of
Wales
,
the
Isles
of
Guernsey
and
Jersey
,
and
the
Town
of
Barwick
upon
Tweed
,
already
raised
both
for
Sea
and
Land-service
;
and
shall
from
time
to
time
during
the
said
space
of
twenty
years
,
raise
,
levy
,
arm
,
train
,
and
discipline
,
or
cause
to
be
raised
,
levied
,
armed
,
trained
,
and
disciplined
,
any
other
Forces
for
Land
and
Sea-service
in
the
Kingdoms
,
Dominions
,
and
places
aforesaid
,
as
in
their
Judgments
they
shall
from
time
to
time
,
during
the
said
space
of
twenty
years
,
think
fit
and
appoint
;
and
that
neither
the
the
King
,
his
Heirs
,
or
Successors
,
nor
any
other
but
such
as
shall
act
by
the
authority
or
approbation
of
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
,
shall
during
the
said
space
of
twenty
years
,
exercise
any
of
the
Powers
aforesaid
.
And
the
like
for
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
if
the
Estates
of
the
Parliament
there
shall
think
fit
.
That
Moneys
be
raised
and
levied
for
the
maintenance
and
use
of
the
said
Forces
for
Land-service
,
and
of
the
Navy
and
Forces
for
Sea-service
,
in
such
sort
,
and
by
such
ways
and
means
as
the
said
Lords
&
Commons
shall
from
time
to
time
,
during
the
said
space
of
twenty
years
,
think
fit
and
appoint
,
and
not
otherwise
.
That
all
the
said
Forces
both
for
Land
and
Sea-service
,
so
raised
or
levied
,
or
to
be
raised
or
levied
,
and
also
the
Admiralty
and
Navy
,
shall
from
time
to
time
,
during
the
said
space
of
twenty
years
,
be
employed
,
managed
,
ordered
,
and
disposed
by
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
in
such
sort
,
and
by
such
ways
and
means
as
they
shall
think
fit
and
appoint
,
and
not
otherwise
.
And
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
,
during
the
said
space
of
twenty
years
,
shall
have
power
,
1.
To
suppress
all
Forces
raised
or
to
be
raised
,
without
authority
and
consent
of
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
,
to
the
disturbance
of
the
publick
Peace
of
the
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Ireland
,
and
Dominion
of
Wales
,
the
Isles
of
Guernsey
and
Jersey
,
and
the
Town
of
Barwick
upon
Tweed
,
or
any
of
them
.
2.
To
suppress
any
foreign
Forces
who
shall
invade
or
endeavour
to
invade
the
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Ireland
,
Dominion
of
Wales
,
the
Isles
of
Guernsey
and
Jersey
,
and
the
Town
of
Barwick
upon
Tweed
,
or
any
of
them
.
3.
To
conjoyn
such
Forces
of
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
with
the
Forces
of
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
as
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
shall
from
time
to
time
,
during
the
said
space
of
twenty
years
,
judge
fit
and
necessary
:
To
resist
all
foreign
Invasions
,
and
to
suppress
any
Forces
raised
or
to
be
raised
against
,
or
within
either
of
the
said
Kingdoms
;
to
the
disturbance
of
the
publick
Peace
of
the
said
Kingdoms
,
or
any
of
them
,
by
any
authority
under
the
Great
Seal
,
or
other
Warrant
whatsoever
,
without
consent
of
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
of
the
Parliament
of
England
,
and
the
Parliament
or
the
Estates
of
the
Parliament
of
Scotland
respectively
;
And
that
no
Forces
of
either
Kingdom
,
shall
go
into
or
continue
in
the
other
Kingdom
without
the
advice
and
desire
of
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
of
the
Parliament
of
England
,
and
the
Parliament
of
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
or
such
as
shall
be
by
them
appointed
for
that
purpose
;
And
that
after
the
expiration
of
the
said
twenty
years
,
neither
the
King
,
his
Heirs
or
Successors
,
or
any
person
or
persons
by
colour
or
pretence
of
any
Commission
,
Power
,
Deputation
,
or
Authority
to
be
derived
from
the
King
,
his
Heirs
or
Successors
,
or
any
of
them
,
shall
raise
,
arm
,
train
,
discipline
,
employ
,
order
,
mannage
,
disband
,
or
dispose
any
of
the
Forces
by
Sea
or
Land
,
of
the
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Ireland
,
the
Dominion
of
Wales
,
Isles
of
Guernsey
and
Jersey
,
and
the
Town
of
Barwick
upon
Tweed
;
Nor
exercise
any
of
the
said
Powers
or
Authorities
in
the
precedent
Articles
mentioned
and
expressed
to
be
during
the
said
space
of
twenty
years
in
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
;
Nor
do
any
act
or
thing
concerning
the
execution
of
the
said
Powers
or
Authorities
,
or
any
of
them
,
without
the
consent
of
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
first
had
and
obtained
.
That
after
the
expiration
of
the
said
twenty
years
,
in
all
cases
wherein
the
Lords
and
Commons
shall
declare
the
safety
of
the
Kingdom
to
be
concerned
,
and
shall
thereupon
pass
any
Bill
or
Bills
for
the
raising
,
arming
,
training
,
disciplining
,
employing
,
mannaging
,
ordering
,
or
disposing
of
the
Forces
by
Sea
or
Land
,
of
the
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Ireland
,
and
Dominion
of
Wales
,
Isles
of
Guernsey
and
Jersey
,
and
the
Town
of
Barwick
upon
Tweed
,
or
any
part
of
the
said
Forces
,
or
concerning
the
Admiralty
and
Navy
,
or
concerning
the
levying
of
Moneys
for
the
raising
,
maintenance
,
or
use
of
the
said
Forces
for
Land-service
,
or
for
the
Navy
,
and
Forces
for
Sea-service
,
or
of
any
part
of
them
;
and
if
that
the
Royal
Assent
to
such
Bill
or
Bills
shall
not
be
given
in
the
House
of
Peers
within
such
time
after
the
passing
thereof
by
both
Houses
of
Parliament
,
as
the
said
Houses
shall
judge
fit
and
convenient
;
That
then
such
Bill
or
Bills
so
passed
by
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
as
aforesaid
,
and
to
which
the
Royal
Assent
shall
not
be
given
,
as
is
herein
before
expressed
,
shall
nevertheless
,
after
declaration
of
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
made
in
that
behalf
,
have
the
force
and
strength
of
an
Act
or
Acts
of
Parliament
;
and
shall
be
as
valid
to
all
intents
and
purposes
,
as
if
the
Royal
Assent
had
been
given
thereunto
.
Provided
,
that
nothing
herein
before
contained
shall
extend
to
the
taking
away
of
the
ordinary
legal
power
of
Sheriffs
,
Justices
of
Peace
,
Mayors
,
Bayliffs
,
Coroners
,
Constables
,
Headboroughs
,
or
other
Officers
of
Justice
not
being
Military
Officers
,
concerning
the
administration
of
Justice
,
so
as
neither
the
said
Sheriffs
,
Justices
of
Peace
,
Mayors
,
Bayliffs
,
Coroners
,
Constables
,
Headboroughs
,
and
other
Officers
,
nor
any
of
them
,
do
levy
,
conduct
,
employ
,
or
command
any
Forces
whatsoever
,
by
colour
or
pretence
of
any
Commission
of
Array
,
or
extraordinary
command
from
his
Majesty
,
his
Heirs
,
or
Successors
,
without
the
consent
of
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
.
And
if
any
persons
shall
be
gathered
and
assembled
together
in
warlike
manner
,
or
otherwise
to
the
number
of
thirty
persons
,
and
shall
not
forthwith
disband
themselves
,
being
required
thereto
by
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
,
or
command
from
them
,
or
any
by
them
,
especially
authorized
for
that
purpose
;
then
such
person
or
persons
not
so
disbanding
themselves
,
shall
be
guilty
and
incur
the
pains
of
High-Treason
,
being
first
declared
guilty
of
such
offence
by
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
;
any
Commission
under
the
great
Seal
or
other
Warrant
to
the
contrary
,
notwithstanding
.
And
he
or
they
that
shall
offend
herein
,
to
be
incapable
of
any
pardon
from
his
Majesty
,
his
Heirs
or
Successors
,
and
their
Estates
shall
be
disposed
as
the
said
Lords
and
Commons
shall
think
fit
,
and
not
otherwise
.
Provided
that
the
City
of
London
shall
have
and
enjoy
all
their
Rights
,
Liberties
,
and
Franchises
,
Customs
and
Usages
in
the
raising
and
employing
the
Forces
of
that
City
,
for
the
defence
thereof
,
in
as
full
and
ample
manner
,
to
all
intents
and
purposes
,
as
they
have
or
might
have
used
or
enjoyed
the
same
at
any
time
,
before
the
making
of
the
said
Act
or
Proposition
;
To
the
end
that
City
may
be
fully
assured
it
is
not
the
intention
of
the
Parliament
to
take
from
them
any
priviledges
,
or
immunities
in
raising
or
disposing
of
their
Forces
,
which
they
have
or
might
have
used
or
enjoyed
heretofore
.
The
like
for
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
if
the
Estates
of
the
Parliament
there
shall
think
fit
.
XVII
.
That
by
Act
of
Parliament
,
all
Peers
made
since
the
day
that
Edward
Lord
Littleton
,
then
Lord
Keeper
of
the
Great
Seal
,
deserted
the
Parliament
,
and
that
the
said
Great
Seal
was
surreptitiously
conveyed
away
from
the
Parliament
,
being
the
one
and
twentieth
day
of
May
,
1642.
and
who
shall
be
hereafter
made
,
shall
not
sit
or
vote
in
the
Parliament
of
England
,
without
consent
of
both
Houses
of
Parliament
:
And
that
all
Honour
and
Title
conferred
on
any
without
consent
of
both
Houses
of
Parliament
,
since
the
twentieth
day
of
May
,
1642.
being
the
day
that
both
Houses
declared
.
That
the
King
seduced
by
evil
Council
,
intended
to
raise
War
against
the
Parliament
,
be
declared
Null
and
Void
.
The
like
for
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
those
being
excepted
whose
Parents
were
passed
the
Great
Seal
before
the
fourth
of
June
,
1644.
XVIII
.
That
an
Act
be
passed
in
the
Parliament
of
both
Kingdoms
respectively
,
for
confirmation
of
the
Treaties
passed
betwixt
the
two
Kingdoms
(
viz.
)
the
large
Treaty
,
the
late
Treaty
for
the
coming
of
the
Scots
Army
into
England
,
and
the
setling
of
the
Garrison
of
Barwick
of
the
29th
of
November
,
1643.
and
the
Treaty
concerning
Ireland
of
the
6th
of
August
,
1642.
for
the
bringing
of
ten
thousand
Scots
into
the
Province
of
Vlster
in
Ireland
,
with
all
other
Ordinances
and
Proceedings
passed
betwixt
the
two
Kingdoms
,
and
whereunto
they
are
obliged
by
the
aforesaid
Treaties
.
And
that
Algernon
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
John
Earl
of
Rutland
,
Philip
Earl
of
Pembrooke
and
Mungomery
,
Theophilus
Earl
of
Lincoln
,
James
Earl
of
Suffolk
,
William
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
Robert
Earl
of
Warwick
,
Edward
Earl
of
Manchester
,
Henry
Earl
of
Stanford
,
Francis
Lord
Dacres
,
Philip
Lord
Wharton
,
Francis
Lord
Willoughby
,
Dudly
Lord
North
,
John
Lord
Hunsdon
,
William
Lord
Gray
,
Edward
Lord
Howard
of
Estrick
,
Thomas
Lord
Bruce
,
Ferdinando
Lord
Fairfax
,
Mr.
Nathaniel
Fines
,
Sir
William
Armine
,
Sir
Philip
Stapilton
,
Sir
Henry
Vane
senior
,
Mr.
William
Perpoint
,
Sir
Edward
Aiscough
,
Sir
William
Strickland
,
Sir
Arthur
Hesilrig
,
Sir
John
Fenwick
,
Sir
William
Brereton
,
Sir
Thomas
Widdington
,
Mr.
John
Toll
,
Mr.
Gilbert
Millington
,
Sir
William
Constable
,
Sir
John
Wray
,
Sir
Henry
Vaine
junior
,
Mr.
Henry
Darley
,
Oliver
Saint
John
Esq
his
Majesties
Sollicitor-General
,
Mr.
Denzel
Hollis
,
Mr.
Alexander
Rigby
,
Mr.
Cornelius
Holland
,
Mr.
Samuel
Vassell
,
Mr.
Peregrin
Pelham
,
John
Glyn
Esq
Recorder
of
London
;
Mr.
Henry
Martin
,
Mr.
Alderman
Hoyle
,
Mr.
John
Blakiston
,
Mr.
Serjeant
Wilde
,
Mr.
Richard
Barwis
,
Sir
Anthony
Irby
,
Mr.
Ashurst
,
Mr.
Bellingham
,
and
Mr.
Tolson
,
Members
of
both
Houses
of
the
Parliament
of
England
,
shall
be
the
Commissioners
for
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
for
conservation
of
the
Peace
between
the
two
Kingdoms
to
act
according
to
the
Powers
in
that
behalf
exprest
in
the
Articles
of
the
large
Treaty
,
and
not
otherwise
.
That
his
Majesty
give
his
Assent
to
what
the
two
Kingdoms
shall
agree
upon
in
prosecution
of
the
Articles
of
the
large
Treaty
,
which
are
not
yet
finished
.
That
an
Act
be
passed
in
the
Parliaments
of
both
Kingdoms
respectively
,
for
establishing
the
joynt
Declaration
of
both
Kingdoms
,
bearing
date
the
30th
day
of
January
,
1643.
in
England
,
and
1644.
in
Scotland
,
with
the
Qualifications
ensuing
.
1
Qualification
.
That
the
persons
who
shall
expect
no
pardon
,
be
onely
these
following
:
-
Rupert
&
Maurice
,
Count
Palatines
of
Rhine
.
-
James
Earl
of
Darby
.
-
John
Earl
of
Bristol
.
-
William
Earl
of
New-castle
.
-
Francis
Lord
Cottington
.
-
George
Lord
Digby
.
-
Matthew
Wren
Bishop
of
Ely
.
-
Sir
Robert
Heath
Kt.
-
Dr.
Bramhall
Bishop
of
Derry
.
-
Sir
William
Widdrington
.
-
Col.
George
Goring
.
-
Henry
Jermin
Esq
-
Sir
Ralph
Hopton
.
-
Sir
John
Biron
.
-
Sir
Francis
Doddington
.
-
Sir
John
Strangewayes
.
-
Mr.
Endymion
Porter
.
-
Sir
George
Radcliffe
.
-
Sir
Marmaduke
Langdale
.
-
Henry
Vaughan
Esq
now
called
Sir
Hen.
Vaughan
.
-
Sir
Francis
Windibanke
.
-
Sir
Richard
Greenvill
.
-
Mr.
Edward
Hide
,
now
called
Sir
Edw.
Hide
.
-
Sir
John
Marley
.
-
Sir
Nicholas
Cole
.
-
Sir
Thomas
Riddel
Jun.
-
Sir
John
Colepepper
.
-
Mr.
Richard
Lloyd
,
now
called
Sir
Rich.
Lloyd
.
-
Mr.
David
Jenkins
.
-
Sir
George
Strode
.
-
George
Carteret
Esq
now
called
Sir
Geo.
Carteret
.
-
Sir
Charles
Dallison
Kt.
-
Richard
Lane
Esq
now
called
Sir
Rich.
Lane
.
-
Sir
Edward
Nicholas
.
-
John
Ashburnham
Esq
-
Sir
Edward
Herbert
Kt.
his
Majesties
Attorney-General
.
-
Lord
Rae
.
-
George
Gourdon
,
sometime
Marquess
of
Huntly
.
-
James
Graham
,
sometime
Earl
of
Montross
.
-
Robert
Dalyell
,
sometime
Earl
of
Carnewath
.
-
James
Gordon
,
sometime
Viscount
of
Aboyne
.
-
Lodowick
Linsey
,
sometime
Earl
of
Crawford
.
-
James
Ogley
,
sometime
Earl
of
Airby
.
-
Alester
Madonald
.
-
Gordon
,
Younger
of
Gight
.
-
Col.
John
Cockram
.
-
Graham
of
Gorthie
.
-
Mr.
John
Maxwell
,
sometime
pretended
Bishop
of
Ross
.
And
all
such
others
as
being
processed
by
the
Estates
for
Treason
,
shall
be
condemned
before
the
Act
of
Oblivion
be
passed
.
2
Qualification
.
All
Papists
and
Popish
Recusants
,
who
have
been
,
now
are
,
or
shall
be
actually
in
Arms
,
or
voluntarily
assisting
against
the
Parliaments
or
Estates
of
either
Kingdom
;
and
by
name
,
-
The
Marquess
of
Winton
.
-
Edward
Earl
of
Worcester
.
-
Lord
Brudnell
.
-
Carell
Mollinex
Esq
-
Lord
Arundel
of
Warder
.
-
Sir
Francis
Howard
.
-
Sir
John
Winter
.
-
Sir
Charles
Smith
.
-
Sir
John
Prestan
.
-
Sir
Bazil
Brooke
.
-
Lord
Audley
,
Earl
of
Castlehaven
in
the
Kingdom
of
Ireland
.
-
William
Shelden
of
Beely
,
Esquire
.
-
Sir
Henry
Beddingfield
.
3
Qualification
.
All
persons
who
have
had
any
hand
in
the
plotting
,
designing
,
or
assisting
the
Rebellion
of
Ireland
,
except
such
persons
who
having
onely
assisted
the
said
Rebellion
,
have
rendred
themselves
,
or
come
into
the
Parliament
of
England
.
4
Qualification
.
That
-
Humfrey
Bennet
Esq
-
Sir
Edward
Ford.
-
Sir
John
Penruddock
.
-
Sir
George
Vaughan
.
-
Sir
John
Weld
.
-
Sir
Robert
Lee.
-
Sir
John
Pate
.
-
John
Ackland
.
-
Edmond
Windham
Esq
-
Sir
John
Fitzharbert
.
-
Sir
Edw.
Lawrence
.
-
Sir
Ralph
Dutton
.
-
Henry
Lingen
Esq
-
Sir
Hen.
Fletcher
.
-
Sir
Rich.
Minshall
.
-
Laurence
Halestead
.
-
John
Denham
Esq
-
Sir
Edmund
Fortescue
.
-
Peter
Sainthill
Esq
-
Sir
Tho.
Tildisley
.
-
Sir
Hen.
Griffith
.
-
Michael
Wharton
Esq
-
Sir
Hen.
Spiller
.
-
Mr.
Geo.
Benyon
,
now
called
Sir
Geo.
Benyon
.
-
Sir
Edw.
Walgrave
.
-
Sir
Edw.
Bishop
.
-
Sir
William
Russell
of
Worcestershire
.
-
Thomas
Lee
of
Adlington
,
Esq
-
Sir
John
Girlington
.
-
Sir
Paul
Neale
.
-
Sir
William
Thorold
.
-
Sir
Edward
Hussey
.
-
Sir
Tho.
Lyddell
Sen.
-
Sir
Philip
Musgrave
.
-
Sir
John
Digby
of
Nottinghamshire
.
-
Sir
Robert
Owseley
.
-
Sir
John
Many
.
-
Lord
Cholmley
.
-
Sir
Tho.
Aston
.
-
Sir
Lewis
Dives
.
-
Sir
Peter
Osbourne
.
-
Samuel
Thornton
Esq
-
Sir
John
Lucas
.
-
John
Claney
Esq
-
Sir
Tho.
Chedle
.
-
Sir
Nicholas
Kemish
.
-
Hugh
Lloyd
Esq
-
Sir
Nicholas
Cripse
.
-
Sir
Peter
Ricaut
.
And
all
such
of
the
Scottish
Nation
as
have
concurred
in
the
Votes
at
Oxford
,
against
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
and
their
proceedings
,
or
have
sworn
or
subscribed
the
Declaration
against
the
Convention
and
Covenant
;
and
all
such
as
have
assisted
the
Rebellion
in
the
North
,
or
the
Invasion
in
the
South
of
the
said
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
or
the
late
Invasion
made
there
by
the
Irish
and
their
Adherents
,
be
removed
from
his
Majesties
Councils
,
and
be
restrained
from
coming
within
the
Verge
of
the
Court
;
and
that
they
may
not
,
without
the
advice
and
consent
of
both
Houses
of
the
Parliament
of
England
,
or
the
Estates
in
the
Parliament
of
Scotland
respectively
,
bear
any
Office
,
or
have
any
Employment
concerning
the
State
or
Commonwealth
.
And
in
case
any
of
them
shall
offend
therein
,
to
be
guilty
of
High-Treason
,
and
incapable
of
any
pardon
from
his
Majesty
,
and
their
Estates
to
be
disposed
as
both
Houses
of
the
Parliament
of
England
,
or
the
Estates
of
the
Parliament
in
Scotland
respectively
shall
think
fit
:
And
that
one
full
third
part
upon
full
value
of
the
Estates
of
the
persons
aforesaid
,
made
incapable
of
Employment
as
aforesaid
,
be
employed
for
the
payment
of
the
publick
Debts
and
Damages
,
according
to
the
Declaration
.
Branch
1.
That
the
late
Members
,
or
any
who
pretended
themselves
late
Members
of
either
House
of
Parliament
,
who
have
not
onely
deserted
the
Parliament
,
but
have
also
sate
in
the
unlawful
Assembly
at
Oxford
,
called
or
pretended
by
some
to
be
a
Parliament
,
and
voted
both
Kingdoms
Traytors
,
and
have
not
voluntarily
rendred
themselves
before
the
last
of
October
,
1644.
be
removed
from
his
Majesties
Councils
,
and
be
restrained
from
coming
within
the
Verge
of
the
Court.
And
that
they
may
not
,
without
advice
and
consent
of
both
Kingdoms
,
bear
any
Office
,
or
have
any
Employment
concerning
the
State
or
Commonwealth
.
And
in
case
any
of
them
shall
offend
therein
,
to
be
guilty
of
High-Treason
,
and
incapable
of
any
pardon
by
his
Majesty
,
and
their
Estates
to
be
disposed
as
both
Houses
of
Parliament
in
England
,
or
the
Estates
of
the
Parliament
of
Scotland
respectively
shall
think
fit
.
Branch
2.
That
the
late
Members
,
or
any
who
pretended
themselves
Members
of
either
House
of
Parliament
,
who
have
sate
in
the
unlawful
Assembly
at
Oxford
,
called
or
pretended
by
some
to
be
a
Parliament
,
and
have
not
voluntarily
rendred
themselves
before
the
last
of
October
,
1644.
be
removed
from
his
Majesties
Councils
,
and
restrained
from
coming
within
the
Verge
of
the
Court
;
and
that
they
may
not
,
without
the
advice
and
consent
of
both
Houses
of
Parliament
,
bear
any
Office
,
or
have
any
Employment
concerning
the
State
or
Commonwealth
.
And
in
case
any
of
them
shall
offend
therein
,
to
be
guilty
of
High-Treason
,
and
incapable
of
any
pardon
from
his
Majesty
,
and
their
Estates
to
be
disposed
as
both
Houses
of
the
Parliament
of
England
shall
think
fit
.
Branch
3.
That
the
late
Members
,
or
any
who
pretended
themselves
Members
of
either
House
of
Parliament
,
who
have
deserted
the
Parliament
,
and
adhered
to
the
Enemies
thereof
,
and
have
not
rendred
themselves
before
the
last
of
October
,
1644.
be
removed
from
his
Majesties
Councils
,
and
be
restrained
from
coming
within
the
Verge
of
the
Court
;
and
that
they
may
not
,
without
the
advice
and
consent
of
both
Houses
of
Parliament
,
bear
any
Office
,
or
have
any
Employment
concerning
the
State
or
Commonwealth
.
And
in
case
any
of
them
shall
offend
therein
,
to
be
guilty
of
High-Treason
,
and
incapable
of
any
pardon
from
his
Majesty
,
and
their
Estates
to
be
disposed
as
both
Houses
of
Parliament
in
England
shall
think
fit
.
5
Qualification
.
That
all
Judges
and
Officers
,
towards
the
Law
,
Common
or
Civil
,
who
have
deserted
the
Parliament
,
and
adhered
to
the
Enemies
thereof
,
be
incapable
of
any
place
of
Judicature
or
Office
towards
the
Law
,
Common
or
Civil
:
And
that
all
Serjeants
,
Counsellors
,
and
Attorneys
,
Doctors
,
Advocates
,
Proctors
of
the
Law
,
Common
or
Civil
,
who
have
deserted
the
Parliament
,
and
adhered
to
the
Enemies
thereof
,
be
incapable
of
any
practice
in
the
Law
,
Common
or
Civil
,
either
in
publick
or
private
;
and
shall
not
be
capable
of
any
preferment
or
employment
in
the
Commonwealth
,
without
the
advice
and
consent
of
both
Houses
of
Parliament
:
And
that
no
Bishop
or
Clergy-man
,
no
Master
or
Fellow
of
any
Colledge
or
Hall
in
either
of
the
Universities
,
or
elsewhere
,
or
any
Master
of
School
or
Hospital
,
or
any
Ecclesiastical
person
,
who
hath
deserted
the
Parliament
,
and
adhered
to
the
Enemies
thereof
,
shall
hold
or
enjoy
,
or
be
capable
of
any
preferment
or
employment
in
Church
or
Common-wealth
;
but
all
their
said
several
preferments
,
places
,
and
promotions
,
shall
be
utterly
void
,
as
if
they
were
naturally
dead
;
nor
shall
they
otherwise
use
their
Function
of
the
Ministry
,
without
advice
and
consent
of
both
Houses
of
Parliament
:
Provided
that
no
Laps
shall
incurr
by
such
vacancy
,
until
six
months
past
,
after
notice
thereof
.
6
Qualification
.
That
all
persons
who
have
been
actually
in
Arms
against
the
Parliament
,
or
have
counselled
or
voluntarily
assisted
the
Enemies
thereof
,
are
disabled
to
be
Sheriffs
,
Justices
of
the
Peace
,
Mayors
,
or
other
head-Officers
of
any
City
or
Corporation
,
Commissioners
of
Oyer
and
Terminer
,
or
to
sit
or
serve
as
Members
,
or
Assistants
in
either
of
the
Houses
of
Parliament
,
or
to
have
any
Military
employment
in
this
Kingdom
,
without
the
consent
of
both
Houses
of
Parliament
.
7
Qualification
.
The
persons
of
all
others
to
be
free
of
all
personal
censure
,
notwithstanding
any
Act
,
or
thing
done
in
,
or
concerning
this
War
,
they
taking
the
Covenant
.
8
Qualification
.
The
Estates
of
those
persons
excepted
in
the
first
three
precedent
Qualifications
;
and
the
Estates
of
Edward
Lord
Littleton
,
and
of
William
Laud
late
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
to
pay
publick
Debts
and
Damages
.
9
Qualification
.
Branch
1.
That
two
full
parts
in
three
,
to
be
divided
of
all
the
Estates
of
the
Members
of
either
House
of
Parliament
,
who
have
not
onely
deserted
the
Parliament
,
but
have
also
voted
both
Kingdoms
Traytors
,
and
have
not
rendred
themselves
before
the
first
of
December
,
1645.
shall
be
taken
and
employed
for
the
payment
of
the
publick
Debts
and
Damages
of
the
Kingdom
.
Branch
2.
That
two
full
parts
in
three
,
to
be
divided
of
the
Estates
of
such
late
Members
of
either
House
of
Parliament
,
as
sate
in
the
unlawful
Assembly
at
Oxford
,
and
shall
not
have
rendred
themselves
before
the
first
of
December
,
1645.
shall
be
taken
and
employed
for
the
payment
of
the
publick
Debts
and
Damages
of
the
Kingdom
.
Branch
3.
That
one
full
moity
of
the
Estates
of
such
persons
,
late
Members
of
either
of
the
Houses
of
Parliament
,
who
have
deserted
the
Parliament
,
and
adhered
to
the
Enemies
thereof
,
and
shall
not
have
rendred
themselves
before
the
first
of
December
,
1645.
shall
be
taken
and
employed
for
the
payment
of
the
publick
Debts
and
Damages
of
the
Kingdom
.
10
Qualification
.
That
a
full
third
part
of
the
value
of
the
Estates
of
all
Judges
and
Officers
towards
the
Law
,
Common
or
Civil
,
and
of
all
Serjeants
,
Counsellors
,
and
Attorneys
,
Doctors
,
Advocates
,
and
Proctors
of
the
Law
,
Common
or
Civil
:
And
of
all
Bishops
,
Clergy-men
,
Masters
and
Fellows
of
any
Colledge
or
Hall
in
either
of
the
Universities
,
or
elsewhere
:
And
of
all
Masters
of
Schools
or
Hospitals
,
and
of
all
Ecclesiastical
persons
who
have
deserted
the
Parliament
,
and
adhered
to
the
Enemies
thereof
,
and
have
not
rendred
themselves
to
the
Parliament
before
the
first
of
December
,
1645.
shall
be
taken
and
employed
for
the
payment
of
the
publick
Debts
and
Damages
of
the
Kingdom
.
That
a
full
sixth
part
on
the
full
value
of
the
Estates
of
the
persons
excepted
in
the
sixth
Qualification
,
concerning
such
as
have
been
actually
in
Arms
against
the
Parliament
,
or
have
counselled
or
voluntarily
assisted
the
Enemies
thereof
and
are
disabled
according
to
the
said
Qualification
,
be
taken
and
employed
for
the
payment
of
the
publick
Debts
and
Damages
of
the
Kingdom
.
11
Qualification
.
That
the
persons
and
Estates
of
all
Common
Souldiers
,
and
others
of
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
who
in
Lands
or
Goods
be
not
worth
two
hundred
pounds
sterling
;
and
the
persons
and
Estates
of
all
Common
Souldiers
and
others
of
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
who
in
Lands
or
Goods
be
not
worth
one
hundred
pounds
sterling
,
be
at
liberty
and
discharged
.
Branch
1.
This
Proposition
to
stand
as
to
the
English
,
and
as
to
the
Scots
likewise
;
if
the
Parliament
of
Scotland
or
their
Commissioners
shall
so
think
fit
.
Branch
2.
That
the
1
of
May
last
,
is
now
the
day
limited
for
the
persons
to
come
in
that
are
comprised
within
the
former
Qualifications
.
Provided
that
all
and
every
the
Delinquents
which
by
or
according
to
the
several
and
respective
Ordinances
or
Orders
made
by
both
or
either
of
the
Houses
of
Parliament
,
on
or
before
the
24th
day
of
April
,
1647.
are
to
be
admitted
to
make
their
Fines
and
Compositions
under
the
rates
and
proportions
of
the
Qualifications
aforesaid
,
shall
according
to
the
said
Ordinances
and
Orders
,
respectively
be
thereto
admitted
;
and
further
also
,
that
no
person
or
persons
whatsoever
(
except
such
Papists
as
having
been
in
Arms
,
or
voluntarily
assisted
against
the
Parliament
,
have
by
concealing
their
quality
,
procured
their
admission
to
Composition
)
which
have
already
compounded
,
or
shall
hereafter
compound
and
be
thereto
admitted
by
both
Houses
of
Parliament
,
at
any
of
the
rates
and
proportions
aforesaid
,
or
under
respectively
,
shall
be
put
to
pay
any
other
Fine
than
that
they
have
or
shall
respectively
so
compound
for
,
(
except
for
such
Estates
,
or
such
of
their
Estates
,
and
for
such
values
thereof
respectively
as
have
been
or
shall
be
concealed
or
omitted
in
the
particulars
whereupon
they
compound
;
)
and
that
all
and
every
of
them
shall
have
thereupon
their
Pardons
in
such
manner
and
form
as
is
agreed
by
both
Houses
of
Parliament
.
That
an
Act
be
passed
whereby
the
Debts
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
persons
of
Delinquents
,
and
the
value
of
their
Estates
may
be
known
;
and
which
Act
shall
appoint
in
what
manner
the
Confiscations
and
Proportions
before-mentioned
may
be
leavied
,
and
applied
to
the
discharge
of
the
said
Engagements
.
The
like
for
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
if
the
Estates
of
Parliament
,
or
such
as
shall
have
power
from
them
,
shall
think
fit
.
XIX
.
That
an
Act
of
Parliament
be
passed
,
to
declare
and
make
void
the
Cessation
of
Ireland
,
and
all
Treaties
and
Conclusions
of
Peace
,
or
any
Articles
thereupon
with
the
Rebels
,
without
consent
of
both
Houses
of
Parliament
.
And
to
settle
the
prosecution
of
the
War
of
Ireland
in
both
Houses
of
the
Parliament
of
England
,
to
be
managed
by
them
;
and
the
King
to
assist
,
and
to
do
no
act
to
discountenance
or
molest
them
therein
.
That
Reformation
of
Religion
,
according
to
the
Covenant
,
be
setled
in
the
Kingdom
of
Ireland
by
Act
of
Parliament
,
in
such
manner
as
both
Houses
of
the
Parliament
of
England
have
agreed
,
or
shall
agree
upon
,
after
Consultation
had
with
the
Assembly
of
Divines
here
.
That
the
Deputy
or
chief
Governour
,
or
other
Governours
of
Ireland
,
and
the
Presidents
of
the
several
Provinces
of
that
Kingdom
,
be
nominated
by
both
the
Houses
of
the
Parliament
of
England
;
or
in
the
intervals
of
Parliament
,
by
such
Committees
of
both
Houses
of
Parliament
as
both
Houses
of
the
Parliament
of
England
shall
nominate
and
appoint
for
that
purpose
.
And
that
the
Chancellor
,
or
Lord
Keeper
,
Lord
Treasurer
,
Commissioners
of
the
Great
Seal
or
Treasury
,
Lord
Warden
of
the
Cinque-Ports
,
Chancellor
of
the
Exchequer
and
Dutchy
,
Secretaries
of
State
,
Master
of
the
Rolls
,
Judges
of
both
Benches
,
and
Barons
of
the
Exchequer
of
the
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Ireland
,
and
the
Vice-Treasurer
,
and
the
Treasurers
at
Wars
of
the
Kingdom
of
Ireland
,
be
nominated
by
both
Houses
of
the
Parliament
of
England
,
to
continue
Quam
diu
se
bene
gesserint
,
and
in
the
intervals
of
Parliament
,
by
the
afore-mentioned
Committees
,
to
be
approved
or
disallowed
by
both
Houses
at
their
next
sitting
.
The
like
for
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
concerning
the
nomination
of
the
Lords
of
the
Privy-Council
,
Lords
of
Session
,
and
Exchequer
,
Officers
of
State
,
and
Justice-General
,
in
such
manner
as
the
Estates
of
Parliament
there
shall
think
fit
.
That
the
Militia
of
the
City
of
London
and
Liberties
thereof
,
may
be
in
the
ordering
and
government
of
the
Lord
Mayor
,
Aldermen
,
and
Commons
in
Common
Council
assembled
,
or
such
as
they
shall
from
time
to
time
appoint
,
(
whereof
the
Lord
Mayor
and
Sheriffs
for
the
time
being
to
be
three
:
)
to
be
employed
and
directed
from
time
to
time
in
such
manner
as
shall
be
agreed
on
and
appointed
by
both
Houses
of
Parliament
.
That
no
Citizen
of
the
City
of
London
,
nor
any
of
the
Forces
of
the
said
City
,
shall
be
drawn
forth
or
compelled
to
go
out
of
the
said
City
or
Liberties
thereof
for
Military
service
,
without
their
own
free
consent
.
That
an
Act
be
passed
for
the
granting
and
confirming
of
the
Charters
,
Customs
,
Liberties
,
and
Franchises
of
the
City
of
London
,
notwithstanding
any
Nonuser
,
Misuser
,
or
Abuser
.
That
the
Tower
of
London
may
be
in
the
government
of
the
City
of
London
,
and
the
chief
Officer
and
Governour
thereof
from
time
to
time
be
nominated
,
and
removeable
by
the
Common
Council
:
And
for
prevention
of
inconveniencies
which
may
happen
by
the
long
intermission
of
Common
Councils
,
it
is
desired
that
there
may
be
an
Act
,
that
all
by-Laws
and
Ordinances
already
made
,
or
hereafter
to
be
made
by
the
Council
assembled
,
touching
the
calling
,
continuing
,
directing
,
and
regulating
the
same
Common
Councils
,
shall
be
as
effectual
in
the
Law
to
all
intents
and
purposes
,
as
if
the
same
were
particularly
enacted
by
the
Authority
of
Parliament
:
And
that
the
Lord
Mayor
,
Aldermen
,
and
Commons
in
Common
Council
,
may
adde
to
or
repeal
the
said
Ordinances
from
time
to
time
as
they
shall
see
cause
.
That
such
other
Propositions
as
shall
be
made
for
the
City
,
for
their
further
safety
,
welfare
,
and
government
,
and
shall
be
approved
of
by
both
Houses
of
Parliament
,
may
be
granted
and
confirmed
by
Act
of
Parliament
.
That
all
Grants
,
Commissions
,
Presentations
,
Writs
,
Process
,
proceedings
,
and
other
things
passed
under
the
Great
Seal
of
England
,
in
the
custody
of
the
Lords
and
other
Commissioners
appointed
by
both
Houses
of
Parliament
for
the
custody
thereof
,
be
,
and
by
Act
of
Parliament
with
the
Royal
assent
,
shall
be
declared
and
enacted
to
be
of
like
full
force
and
effect
to
all
intents
and
purposes
,
as
the
same
or
like
Grants
,
Commissions
,
Presentations
,
Writs
,
Process
,
Proceedings
,
and
other
things
under
any
Great
Seal
of
England
,
in
any
time
heretofore
were
,
or
have
been
;
And
that
for
time
to
come
,
the
said
Great
Seal
now
remaining
in
custody
of
the
said
Commissioners
,
continue
,
and
be
used
for
the
Great
Seal
of
England
;
And
that
all
Grants
,
Commissions
,
Presentations
,
Writs
,
Process
,
Proceedings
,
and
other
things
whatsoever
passed
under
or
by
any
authority
of
any
other
Great
Seal
,
since
the
22th
day
of
May
,
Anno
Dom.
1642.
or
hereafter
to
be
passed
,
be
Invalid
,
and
of
no
effect
,
to
all
intents
and
purposes
:
Except
such
Writs
,
Process
,
and
Commissions
,
as
being
passed
under
any
other
Great
Seal
than
the
said
Great
Seal
in
the
custody
of
the
Commissioners
aforesaid
,
on
or
after
the
said
22th
day
of
May
,
and
before
the
28th
day
of
November
,
Anno
Dom.
1643.
were
afterward
proceeded
upon
,
returned
into
,
or
put
in
ure
in
any
the
Kings
Courts
at
Westminster
:
And
except
the
Grant
to
Mr.
Justice
Bacon
,
to
be
one
of
the
Justices
of
the
Kings-Bench
:
And
except
all
Acts
and
proceedings
by
virtue
of
any
such
Commissions
of
Goal-delivery
,
Assize
,
and
Nisi
prius
,
or
Oyer
and
Terminer
,
passed
under
any
other
Great
Seal
than
the
Seal
aforesaid
in
custody
of
the
said
Commissioners
,
before
the
first
of
October
,
1642.
And
that
all
Grants
of
Offices
,
Lands
,
Tenements
,
or
Hereditaments
,
made
or
passed
under
the
Great
Seal
of
Ireland
,
unto
any
person
or
persons
,
Bodies
politick
or
corporate
,
since
the
Cessation
made
in
Ireland
,
the
fifteenth
day
of
September
,
1643.
shall
be
null
and
void
.
And
that
all
Honours
and
Titles
conferred
upon
any
person
or
persons
in
the
said
Kingdom
of
Ireland
,
since
the
said
Cessation
,
shall
be
null
and
void
.
That
the
several
Ordinances
,
the
one
intituled
,
An
Ordinance
of
Parliament
for
abolishing
of
Archbishops
and
Bishops
within
the
Kingdom
of
England
and
Dominion
of
Wales
,
and
for
se●ing
of
their
Lands
and
Possessions
upon
Trustees
for
the
use
of
the
Common-wealth
;
the
other
intituled
,
An
Ordinance
of
the
Lords
and
Commons
assembled
in
Parliament
,
for
appointing
the
sale
of
Bishops
Lands
for
the
use
of
the
Commonwealth
;
be
confirmed
by
Acts
of
Parliament
.
These
were
the
Conditions
of
Peace
proposed
by
the
Parliament
as
the
subject
matter
of
that
Conference
,
which
all
passionately
wished
,
and
a
great
many
fought
for
.
They
were
the
very
same
that
had
been
heretofore
sent
to
the
King
when
he
was
at
Hampton-Court
,
and
not
onely
rejected
by
his
Majesty
,
but
by
the
Army
also
,
as
being
too
unreasonable
:
No
notice
taken
of
the
Scots
.
To
what
Conditions
the
Commissioners
are
tyed
.
they
onely
differed
in
this
,
that
in
those
last
there
was
no
mention
made
of
the
Scots
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Pacificators
are
invested
with
no
other
authority
but
that
of
answering
the
Royal
Arguments
,
and
of
returning
Reasons
to
induce
the
King
to
assent
:
they
had
no
power
of
softening
any
Proposition
,
or
altering
the
least
word
,
nay
,
nor
so
much
as
of
omitting
the
Preface
.
Their
Instructions
likewise
bear
,
that
they
are
to
acquaint
the
Parliament
with
the
Kings
Concessions
,
and
the
whole
progress
of
the
Negotiation
,
to
treat
altogether
in
writing
,
nay
,
and
to
debate
the
Propositions
as
they
lay
in
order
,
not
descending
to
a
new
Proposition
,
until
the
former
was
adjusted
.
The
Conference
to
be
held
at
Newport
.
Nor
was
it
thought
enough
that
the
Conditions
and
Commissioners
were
so
strictly
limited
;
they
confine
the
Conference
also
to
the
Town
of
Newport
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
and
the
continuance
of
it
to
the
space
of
forty
days
.
The
King
also
,
who
was
to
be
present
at
the
Conference
,
was
so
far
well
treated
as
to
be
permitted
to
come
out
of
his
Prison
and
have
that
Island
allowed
him
for
a
larger
confinement
;
but
upon
promise
given
,
that
he
would
not
depart
out
the
Island
within
forty
days
after
the
conclusion
of
the
Conference
:
and
the
sly
Oligarchick
and
Democratick
Republicans
,
who
had
a
hand
in
the
Councils
,
were
the
Authors
of
those
scruples
and
restrictions
.
The
K.
is
allowed
his
necessary
servants
With
great
caution
the
Parliament
permitted
some
of
his
Majesties
necessary
Servants
,
by
name
,
some
Lawyers
,
Divines
,
and
a
Secretary
to
be
present
;
but
not
to
be
admitted
into
the
Conference
,
onely
to
be
without
behind
the
Curtain
in
the
Lobby
.
So
that
the
King
alone
was
singly
to
sustain
the
person
of
a
Politician
and
Divine
,
against
the
ablest
Parliamentarian
Politicians
and
Divines
of
the
whole
Kingdom
.
In
managing
the
Conference
,
the
King
alone
,
The
K.'s
wonderful
prudence
in
the
Conference
.
with
such
incredible
Prudence
and
Eloquence
,
sifted
and
bafled
all
their
strongest
Arguments
,
with
so
great
lenity
and
readiness
of
condescension
,
granted
their
Demands
even
when
he
had
made
it
appear
they
were
unreasonable
(
so
far
as
with
Honour
and
a
safe
Conscience
he
could
)
that
he
ravished
them
all
into
admiration
of
him
;
and
,
which
was
an
Argument
of
a
supernatural
Wit
,
he
brought
over
the
Commissioners
who
were
his
most
inveterate
enemies
,
even
against
their
will
,
to
his
Opinion
,
(
though
their
Employment
,
and
the
danger
of
their
heads
,
obliged
them
,
against
their
Conscience
,
to
continue
in
opposition
to
him
.
)
Without
doubt
,
in
this
,
as
in
all
things
else
,
he
gave
a
glorious
proof
of
his
Fatherly
goodness
,
in
that
with
his
own
loss
and
prejudice
onely
he
would
gladly
have
redeem'd
his
people
from
the
havock
and
miseries
of
War
.
The
Conference
had
for
some
time
been
taken
up
in
composing
affairs
,
In
the
middle
of
the
Treaty
the
Parliamentarians
require
that
the
Marquess
of
Ormond's
Commission
be
recalled
.
when
of
a
sudden
news
is
brought
to
the
Parliament
,
that
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
was
arrived
in
Ireland
to
govern
that
Kingdom
in
quality
of
Lord
Deputy
,
by
authority
from
the
King
;
and
that
he
was
to
settle
a
Peace
there
,
upon
the
best
conditions
he
could
;
as
also
to
levy
an
Army
for
delivering
the
King
out
of
prison
.
Upon
this
,
Letters
are
sent
to
the
Commissioners
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
with
instructions
to
demand
of
the
King
,
that
he
would
recal
Ormond's
Commission
,
and
turn
him
out
of
that
authority
which
was
somewhat
uneasie
to
the
Pacificators
.
In
the
mean
while
,
report
is
made
to
the
Parliament
by
piece-meals
of
what
was
transacted
in
the
Conference
;
where
many
with
a
mind
as
averse
,
as
the
Kings
was
inclinable
to
peace
,
The
K.'s
Answers
are
censured
in
Parl.
quible
at
and
censure
the
least
punctilio
of
every
thing
,
unless
all
were
condescended
to
in
every
tittle
according
to
their
own
words
and
prescribed
form
:
for
they
were
afraid
(
which
some
of
them
openly
professed
)
that
the
Propositions
being
fully
granted
,
and
no
more
place
left
for
Animosity
or
Grievance
,
they
might
,
if
not
by
force
from
the
people
,
yet
out
of
shame
be
compelled
to
conclude
a
Peace
in
good
earnest
,
which
they
onely
desired
in
shew
.
For
the
the
King
having
,
The
K.
unexpectedly
granted
many
things
.
contrary
to
the
opinion
of
all
,
condescended
to
many
things
,
had
not
onely
admitted
the
subject
matter
,
but
also
the
scrupulosities
and
niceties
of
words
.
To
the
Preface
,
which
aimed
not
so
much
at
the
publick
Peace
,
as
the
branding
of
himself
and
his
party
with
a
note
of
Ignominy
,
he
would
not
consent
,
but
with
this
clause
,
That
nothing
in
that
Conference
should
be
taken
for
granted
,
unless
all
were
aagreed
upon
in
general
.
He
agreed
to
the
Is
Proposition
,
of
recalling
the
Declarations
;
to
the
XVIth
,
of
the
Forces
;
the
XIXth
,
of
the
government
of
Ireland
;
the
XVth
,
of
the
payment
of
publick
Debts
,
Provided
these
Debts
were
stated
within
the
space
of
two
years
;
to
the
XVIIth
,
of
anulling
Titles
of
Honours
;
the
XIXth
,
of
the
chief
Magistrates
of
the
Kingdom
;
the
XIXth
,
of
the
Great
Seal
;
the
XIXth
,
of
the
Priviledges
of
London
.
Of
the
Court
of
Wards
[
](A26767-e34360-b)*
*
There
is
no
mension
of
the
Court
of
Wards
in
these
Articles
,
thô
it
is
expressed
both
here
and
in
Baker's
Chronicle
,
and
perhaps
was
thought
of
after
these
Articles
were
printed
.
,
provided
he
had
an
hundred
thousand
pound
a
year
paid
him
in
lieu
of
it
.
In
all
these
points
he
made
himself
an
easie
prey
to
the
avarice
and
ambition
of
others
;
and
that
he
might
render
the
Kingdom
more
peaceable
to
others
,
he
even
suffered
it
to
be
snatched
out
of
his
own
hands
.
He
gave
his
consent
to
all
the
Articles
of
the
IIId
Proposition
,
except
one
,
concerning
Bishops
and
their
Revenues
;
yet
in
that
he
was
not
altogether
wanting
to
the
desires
of
the
Parliament
:
for
whatever
did
not
plainly
appear
to
be
of
Divine
Institution
,
he
allowed
might
be
abrogated
;
so
that
he
suffered
Archiepiscopacy
to
be
abolished
,
Episcopal
Jurisdiction
also
,
that
is
,
the
exercise
of
Ecclesiastical
Jurisdiction
,
and
the
state
and
priviledge
of
holding
Ecclesiastical
Courts
;
but
he
would
not
suffer
the
power
of
conferring
Orders
(
and
administring
Church-censures
)
as
being
Apostolical
,
to
be
altered
and
lessened
.
But
at
length
the
little
Rabbies
of
the
Assembly
and
Pacificators
interweaving
with
the
other
Arguments
,
which
he
could
better
refute
,
that
of
invincible
Necessity
,
and
promising
privately
,
that
if
he
would
consent
to
these
at
present
,
they
would
hereafter
enlarge
his
Bonds
,
as
also
giving
him
hopes
that
the
Parliament
would
condescend
to
him
in
other
matters
,
provided
in
this
he
would
remit
somewhat
of
his
strictness
of
Conscience
;
he
consents
that
for
the
space
of
three
years
,
Orders
shall
not
be
conferred
by
the
Bishops
,
without
the
consent
of
Presbyters
;
nay
,
that
the
power
of
Ordaining
shall
be
suspended
,
until
twenty
Divines
of
his
chusing
,
and
an
Assembly
called
by
the
Parliament
,
do
meet
,
determine
,
and
settle
the
Government
of
the
Church
;
to
which
he
promised
to
acquiesce
,
if
the
Parliament
would
do
the
like
:
In
the
mean
time
he
is
not
against
it
,
but
that
Presbytery
may
be
setled
for
a
tryal
.
Abhorring
the
thought
of
Sacriledge
,
he
would
not
suffer
Bishops
and
Church-lands
to
be
divided
and
alienated
from
the
Church
;
but
permitted
them
to
be
let
out
by
lease
for
ninety
nine
years
,
paying
a
small
yearly
rent
for
the
maintenance
of
the
Bishops
,
and
as
a
token
of
their
Tenure
,
provided
after
the
expiring
of
the
Lease
,
they
should
return
to
the
Crown
to
be
employed
for
the
use
of
the
Church
:
which
,
in
the
mean
time
,
he
was
firmly
resolved
to
redeem
with
his
money
,
and
to
restore
them
to
the
Church-men
to
whom
in
right
they
belonged
.
Nor
would
he
(
being
mindful
of
his
Friends
amidst
his
own
dangers
)
consent
to
the
XVIIIth
Proposition
,
concerning
Delinquents
;
but
he
allowed
,
I.
That
they
might
be
moderately
fined
.
II.
That
they
may
be
debarred
from
the
Kings
presence
and
coming
to
Court
:
that
some
of
them
also
may
be
banished
,
but
not
as
Traitors
,
nor
yet
to
lose
their
Lives
and
Estates
,
if
they
act
to
the
contrary
.
III.
That
for
three
years
they
be
excluded
from
sitting
in
Parliament
.
IV.
That
they
might
be
brought
to
tryal
,
if
it
were
thought
fit
,
and
be
condignly
punished
,
if
they
had
acted
any
thing
against
the
known
Laws
of
England
,
(
which
certainly
favoured
the
Kings
Party
)
:
But
he
thought
it
unjust
that
any
man
should
be
punished
for
his
Loyalty
to
him
,
according
to
the
dictates
of
his
Conscience
,
and
the
municipal
Laws
,
by
a
Law
made
ex
post
facto
.
Yet
he
condescended
to
other
Articles
of
the
same
Proposition
,
upon
this
condition
,
that
pious
and
learned
Church-men
,
free
from
scandal
,
might
enjoy
a
third
of
their
Livings
,
and
not
be
totally
deprived
of
the
liberty
of
preaching
.
He
could
not
,
as
he
said
,
recal
the
Authorities
which
he
had
given
to
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
,
at
the
very
time
when
himself
was
confined
to
prison
.
The
Parliament
agreed
with
him
in
the
rest
:
which
succeeding
,
then
,
according
to
the
Concessions
in
the
XIXth
Proposition
,
the
Parliament
should
have
the
sole
administration
of
the
affairs
of
Ireland
.
In
the
mean
time
,
however
,
he
wrote
to
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
,
commanding
him
to
refrain
from
the
execution
of
his
power
,
so
long
as
the
Conference
and
any
hopes
of
Peace
continued
.
Whilst
the
Conference
lasted
,
the
King
,
The
K.
makes
some
Proposals
.
that
he
might
not
still
suffer
so
hard
usage
,
and
that
he
might
try
how
the
Members
of
Parliament
were
affected
towards
him
,
gave
some
very
just
and
useful
Proposals
to
be
sent
to
the
Parliament
.
First
,
he
desires
,
To
which
the
Parl.
in
a
great
part
consent
.
That
he
may
have
leave
to
repair
forthwith
to
Westminster
,
or
any
of
his
houses
near
London
,
where
he
may
treat
with
his
Parliament
at
nearer
distance
,
with
honour
,
safety
,
and
freedom
.
Which
desire
,
the
Parliament
having
felt
the
pulse
of
the
City
,
and
being
encouraged
under
the
hands
of
the
most
part
and
best
of
the
Citizens
,
promised
,
so
soon
as
the
Propositions
were
granted
,
should
be
allowed
him
.
Secondly
,
the
King
demands
,
That
he
may
be
restored
to
the
possession
of
the
Lands
and
Revenues
of
the
Crown
.
Thirdly
,
That
he
may
have
compensation
for
his
lawful
Rights
which
the
Parliament
have
thought
fit
to
abolish
.
To
these
also
the
Parliament
willingly
consent
.
Fourthly
,
That
by
an
Act
of
Oblivion
the
memory
of
all
things
that
had
been
done
in
time
of
the
War
,
might
be
abolished
.
To
this
Proposal
they
did
not
consent
,
but
with
cautions
and
limitations
,
that
gave
liberty
to
the
Parliamentarians
to
bring
Actions
against
any
almost
of
the
Kings
Party
.
The
promising
ho●es
of
Peace
▪
Matters
being
near
composed
beyond
all
mens
expectation
,
though
perhaps
not
so
as
every
one
desired
,
the
Commissioners
for
Pacification
,
full
of
thoughts
of
Peace
,
promised
the
same
to
the
King
,
though
in
that
they
were
false
Prophets
:
for
they
thought
(
as
well
they
might
)
that
the
Parliament
would
in
some
measure
abate
in
their
rigid
demands
,
when
the
King
to
mollifie
them
,
had
stript
himself
of
the
Government
both
of
England
and
Ireland
.
Nay
,
the
glad
hopes
of
Concord
begun
to
cherish
the
drooping
minds
of
all
people
;
which
without
doubt
would
have
followed
,
had
not
factious
and
rebellious
men
,
Are
disappointed
by
the
Rebels
▪
who
by
clandestine
arts
had
already
driven
us
into
a
War
,
now
openly
and
with
force
of
Arms
disappointed
the
desired
fruit
of
the
Conference
,
and
the
Peace
that
was
ready
to
be
concluded
.
Now
in
what
manner
they
accomplished
that
,
it
will
be
necessary
I
should
with
all
possible
sincerity
relate
.
In
what
manner
.
In
the
heat
of
the
Conference
,
that
part
of
the
Army
which
had
prospered
in
the
War
,
and
was
returned
home
victorious
,
commanded
by
Fairfax
,
whom
Ireton
as
a
bad
Genius
haunted
,
was
encamped
so
near
London
,
that
in
half
a
days
time
they
might
march
thither
and
suppress
their
unprovided
Adversaries
,
if
any
sudden
occasion
required
.
In
the
mean
time
Fairfax
,
The
Commanders
of
the
Army
pretend
to
be
pleased
with
Peace
.
Ireton
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Colonels
behaved
themselves
very
submissively
in
publick
,
pretend
that
they
will
always
obey
the
Ordinances
of
Parliament
,
and
that
publick
Peace
will
be
to
them
of
all
men
most
acceptable
;
that
so
being
eased
from
the
fatigues
and
labours
of
War
,
they
may
mind
their
own
affairs
,
and
after
so
much
toil
and
danger
,
at
length
enjoy
rest
and
peace
.
But
privately
having
consulted
with
the
Members
of
Parliament
of
their
own
Faction
,
they
suffer
Consults
to
be
held
amongst
the
inferiour
Officers
and
private
Souldiers
of
the
Army
,
They
stir
up
the
common
Souldiers
against
it
;
and
to
destroy
the
King
,
and
,
at
the
instigation
of
their
Emissaries
,
Petitions
to
be
framed
,
wherein
it
was
desired
that
the
Treaty
with
the
King
should
be
broken
up
,
and
all
the
Enemies
of
the
Commonwealth
indifferently
(
thereby
craftily
glancing
at
the
person
of
the
King
)
brought
to
condign
punishment
:
These
also
they
caused
to
be
printed
and
published
,
that
they
might
feel
the
pulse
of
the
people
.
Nor
was
it
doubted
,
but
that
the
chief
Commanders
and
Colonels
were
the
Authors
of
those
Petitions
;
and
that
by
their
Emissaries
(
and
particularly
by
Hugh
Peters
,
a
Renegado
from
,
and
the
reproach
of
the
Ministery
,
an
impudent
saucy
fellow
)
they
were
dispersed
into
all
places
,
whereby
they
wheadled
the
Souldiers
,
who
in
their
own
nature
were
sufficiently
prone
to
Booty
and
Innovations
.
In
the
mean
while
,
The
souldiers
are
drawn
together
near
London
.
the
Country-people
(
whom
we
mentioned
before
to
have
made
some
stirs
)
being
dispersed
,
and
Garrisons
and
Governours
placed
in
the
several
Counties
,
all
the
Souldiers
of
the
Kingdom
are
commanded
to
repair
to
Fairfax's
Camp
;
who
in
great
numbers
,
many
following
the
prevailing
Party
,
flocked
together
victorious
and
triumphant
.
Ireton
,
Ireton
makes
a
Remonstrance
against
the
Peace
;
upon
a
rumour
spread
abroad
amongst
the
people
of
a
difference
betwixt
him
and
Fairfax
,
lurking
privately
in
Windsor-Castle
,
and
having
called
some
of
his
Consorts
of
the
Lower
House
,
publishes
a
Remonstrance
,
with
great
ostentation
of
words
and
affected
eloquence
,
wherein
,
in
name
of
the
Army
,
by
captious
quirks
and
subtilties
,
And
that
in
name
of
the
Army
.
he
argues
against
the
Peace
made
with
the
King
,
and
the
Remonstrance
of
his
Majesty
,
nay
and
desires
Justice
against
the
King
himself
:
That
those
Members
who
the
year
before
had
been
impeached
of
High-Treason
by
the
Army
,
might
be
brought
to
tryal
;
and
that
all
who
staid
in
Parliament
heretofore
,
when
the
Speakers
and
rest
of
the
Members
of
their
Faction
fled
to
the
Army
,
should
be
excluded
:
That
the
Souldiers
Arrears
should
be
paid
out
of
the
Kings
Revenue
,
and
the
Deans
and
Chapters
Lands
,
to
be
distributed
for
this
use
especially
,
and
also
for
other
publick
charges
:
That
the
present
Parliament
should
be
dissolved
,
and
a
better
course
taken
for
the
future
that
the
people
should
chuse
a
Representative
which
should
have
the
supreme
administration
of
the
Government
.
These
and
several
other
things
of
that
nature
,
he
very
imperiously
demands
.
The
Army
being
called
together
,
The
end
of
the
Conference
now
approaching
,
(
which
the
Republicans
of
both
sorts
in
the
Parliament
,
endeavoured
by
all
Arts
to
stave
off
and
protract
,
that
the
Army
might
more
conveniently
joyn
)
the
Commanders
of
the
Army
being
informed
from
the
Isle
of
Wight
of
the
progress
of
affairs
,
and
of
the
opportunities
that
were
proper
for
their
turn
,
call
a
Field-Council
,
And
a
Fast
appointed
,
☞
wherein
all
the
Colonels
and
inferiour
Officers
meet
;
and
there
they
give
themselves
to
fasting
and
prayer
.
(
Which
was
often
abused
by
them
)
For
we
must
know
,
that
these
Sons
of
the
Earth
had
great
intimacy
and
correspondence
with
Heaven
,
as
they
pretended
;
and
when
they
were
about
to
act
any
thing
contrary
to
the
Law
of
Nature
,
the
Light
of
Reason
,
or
the
Laws
of
God
and
man
,
they
used
to
begin
the
work
with
Prayers
to
Almighty
God
,
in
a
doubtful
manner
proposing
the
case
;
and
the
matter
being
first
discussed
between
the
Majesty
of
Heaven
and
themselves
,
they
then
,
by
turning
and
winding
their
Prayers
,
shape
an
Answer
to
their
designes
;
which
like
a
divine
Oracle
rendered
to
the
praying
inquirers
,
they
impose
upon
the
common
Souldiers
as
an
Article
of
Faith
,
though
the
matter
had
been
long
before
hatched
in
their
thoughts
:
nor
durst
any
man
gainsay
it
,
who
had
not
a
mind
to
have
his
name
dasht
out
of
the
Roll
of
the
Saints
.
And
hence
it
was
that
the
people
dreaded
their
Fasts
and
Prayers
,
as
ominous
Prodigies
.
The
Pageantry
of
their
Devotion
being
over
,
It
is
read
and
approved
;
Ireton's
Remonstrance
was
read
,
and
applauded
too
by
the
Souldiers
,
as
if
it
dropt
from
Heaven
;
they
prefix
to
it
the
formidable
title
of
the
Army
,
as
an
Act
and
Deed
approved
by
all
,
And
presented
to
the
Parl.
in
name
of
the
Army
and
People
.
and
order
it
to
be
presented
to
the
Parliament
in
the
name
of
the
Army
and
People
of
England
,
who
if
they
had
been
called
to
give
their
votes
,
scarcely
one
of
a
thousand
would
have
consented
to
it
;
and
all
the
rest
could
not
but
have
cursed
the
perfidious
Author
of
the
villany
,
with
all
his
Adherents
,
as
the
Bane
and
plague
of
mankind
.
But
the
Lower
House
making
a
virtue
of
the
necessity
of
the
times
,
Nevertheless
,
the
Lower
House
persists
in
considering
of
the
Kings
Concessions
;
at
which
the
Commanders
of
the
Army
are
angry
,
and
carry
the
K.
away
from
the
Isle
of
Wight
.
take
the
courage
to
lay
aside
for
some
time
that
Remonstrance
,
and
to
apply
themselves
to
the
examining
and
discussing
of
the
Royal
Concessions
which
then
lay
before
them
.
The
Commanders
of
the
Army
taking
it
very
ill
to
be
thus
slighted
by
them
,
who
ought
to
have
thanked
them
for
all
the
honour
and
dignity
they
enjoyed
,
sent
some
Troops
into
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
who
having
seized
the
King
,
removed
him
out
of
the
Island
,
and
clapt
him
up
prisoner
in
Hurst-Castle
opposite
to
the
Island
on
the
main-land-side
,
a
narrow
,
nasty
,
and
unwholsome
place
,
by
reason
it
is
incompassed
by
the
Sea
.
At
the
same
time
they
march
to
London
,
They
march
to
London
and
post
themselves
about
the
Parliament-house
.
and
put
Garrisons
into
the
Kings
Palace
,
and
the
Noblemens
houses
adjoyning
the
Palace-yard
and
Houses
of
Parliament
,
having
posted
the
Army
in
the
neighbouring
places
about
.
The
Souldiers
hoped
that
this
beginning
would
put
the
dissenting
Members
into
such
a
fear
,
that
they
would
hide
in
holes
and
corners
,
(
which
had
been
very
usual
with
them
)
and
that
men
of
their
own
Faction
being
sole
Masters
of
the
Parliament
,
they
might
do
what
they
pleased
under
the
cloak
of
the
Authority
of
Parliament
,
which
would
justifie
their
Violence
,
and
make
what
Laws
soever
might
conduce
to
their
profit
and
advantage
.
Yet
the
Members
meet
,
But
the
event
answered
not
their
expectations
:
for
most
part
of
the
Members
,
(
as
if
at
that
time
they
had
been
assisted
by
divine
inspiration
)
not
at
all
terrified
by
the
muttering
and
anger
of
the
Souldiers
,
nor
the
clashing
of
Arms
,
thinking
themselves
sufficiently
secure
by
their
character
of
Parliament-men
,
meet
to
consult
in
a
greater
number
than
ordinary
.
And
debate
about
the
Kings
Concessions
.
Both
that
day
and
the
following
,
the
Lower
House
debated
hotly
about
the
Kings
Concessions
,
whilst
in
the
mean
time
the
Republicans
of
both
sorts
raise
scruples
,
jangle
,
make
parties
,
and
with
long
Speeches
protract
the
time
about
Presbytery
and
the
Covenant
,
neither
of
which
they
liked
;
amongst
whom
no
man
was
so
fierce
as
Sir
Henry
Vane
,
who
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
had
perswaded
the
King
to
grant
no
more
,
seeing
he
had
already
yielded
so
many
and
so
great
Priviledges
to
the
Parliament
,
as
he
thought
it
neither
lawful
for
them
to
expect
nor
take
,
which
he
promised
also
publickly
to
assert
:
This
man
,
I
say
,
inveighed
bitterly
against
the
Conditions
of
Peace
,
as
if
under
the
mask
of
Concessions
,
and
the
shew
of
setling
Peace
,
Danger
lay
hid
,
and
that
his
Majesty
laid
a
Snare
for
subverting
the
publick
Liberty
of
Parliament
and
People
;
and
all
this
,
that
he
might
gain
time
for
the
whole
Army
to
post
themselves
in
the
City
.
They
vote
them
to
be
a
sufficient
ground
for
a
Peace
,
At
length
a
Vote
is
passed
,
That
the
Kings
Concessions
were
a
sufficient
ground
for
Peace
.
This
past
by
the
voices
of
two
hundred
,
hardly
threescore
opposing
it
.
The
House
of
Lords
agreeing
to
it
.
The
Lords
having
next
day
assented
to
it
in
the
same
terms
,
the
Parliament
was
adjourned
for
a
week
,
till
that
Commotion
might
be
somewhat
appeased
.
Commissioners
are
forthwith
sent
from
the
House
of
Commons
to
acquaint
Fairfax
and
the
Commanders
of
the
Army
with
the
matter
.
This
so
incensed
the
Oligarchick
Rebels
,
This
incensed
the
Oligarchick
Rebels
.
that
the
Speaker
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
who
had
already
greedily
swallowed
down
their
poyson
,
or
at
least
temporized
and
turned
to
either
side
as
the
Faction
prevailed
,
threatned
forthwith
publickly
in
the
House
,
That
they
would
never
be
suffered
any
more
to
meet
in
Parliament
,
if
they
obstinately
persisted
in
that
opinion
.
The
Commanders
of
the
Army
beset
the
Parl.
house
;
imprison
many
Members
;
debar
others
from
entering
;
And
indeed
the
day
appointed
for
the
next
Session
,
some
Colonels
guarded
by
a
Regiment
or
two
of
Foot
,
and
a
Regiment
of
Horse
,
beset
all
the
avenues
to
the
House
of
Commons
,
apprehend
forty
Members
of
the
more
resolute
and
wise
,
who
dissented
from
them
;
debar
about
one
hundred
and
fifty
more
from
entering
the
House
▪
and
suffer
none
to
go
in
but
such
as
they
knew
to
be
devoted
to
their
Faction
.
Some
had
slipt
in
undiscovered
,
Some
they
carry
away
by
force
out
of
the
House
.
by
a
Note
they
call
out
under
pretext
of
speaking
with
some
Friend
or
Client
at
the
door
;
and
though
they
alleadged
the
authority
and
priviledge
of
Parliament
,
yet
they
seize
and
hurry
them
away
in
the
very
Court
.
The
captive
Members
being
many
ways
tossed
and
abused
,
are
exposed
to
derision
,
And
abuse
the
Captives
.
and
the
miseries
of
a
long
and
nasty
imprisonment
;
amongst
whom
were
many
who
having
asserted
the
Parliament-Cause
,
as
Generals
,
Governours
,
and
Colonels
,
were
thus
thanked
for
their
good
services
.
Nay
,
and
William
Prynn
,
a
fierce
Asserter
of
the
Opinions
he
once
entertained
,
that
indefatigable
Author
of
voluminous
Writings
for
the
Parliament
,
stuck
fast
in
the
same
mire
with
the
rest
;
the
Spectators
every
where
admiring
the
inscrutable
Judgments
of
God
,
who
suffered
them
to
be
so
unworthily
treated
by
their
Slaves
and
Servants
,
who
themselves
were
the
Subjects
that
first
took
up
Arms
against
their
King
,
and
audaciously
laid
hands
on
him
.
All
this
was
done
under
the
honest
and
specious
colour
of
purging
and
reforming
the
House
.
The
Oligarchick
Faction
,
to
the
number
of
about
forty
men
,
snatches
the
Authority
:
Who
are
still
over-ruled
by
the
souldiers
.
Thus
the
Lower
House
is
reduced
to
a
Junto
of
a
few
men
,
to
wit
,
the
eighth
part
of
the
just
number
,
and
these
wholly
enslaved
to
the
Army
,
whose
Commanders
coming
as
freely
into
the
House
as
the
Rumpers
went
into
the
Camp
,
they
daily
conferred
Notes
together
;
and
it
is
first
resolved
in
a
Council
of
War
,
what
was
to
be
proposed
to
be
enacted
in
Parliament
,
which
then
served
under
the
Army
,
and
lent
them
Authority
to
palliate
their
Machinations
.
Of
so
many
hundred
Members
,
there
scarcely
remained
forty
in
the
House
,
a
number
unfit
to
bear
the
name
of
the
Commons
of
England
;
and
these
not
onely
the
least
,
but
the
most
part
consisting
of
a
remnant
of
the
dregs
of
the
House
;
and
many
of
them
Commanders
in
the
Army
.
So
that
there
remained
nothing
of
a
Parliament
but
the
name
;
the
rest
abominating
such
horrid
wickedness
,
and
shunning
their
company
and
conversation
;
amongst
whom
were
some
who
being
deluded
with
the
sham
of
Conscience
,
had
espoused
the
Party
of
the
Republicans
.
They
enact
concerning
the
highest
affairs
,
and
of
bringing
the
King
to
a
tryal
.
Thus
a
few
fellows
(
about
twenty
of
them
for
the
most
part
continually
dissenting
)
blush
not
to
usurp
to
themselves
alone
the
supreme
power
of
ordering
the
affairs
of
England
,
of
bringing
the
King
to
a
tryal
,
making
and
abrogating
the
Laws
of
their
Country
,
and
overturning
the
ancient
and
fundamental
Government
of
the
Nation
.
They
confirm
the
Vote
for
Non
Addresses
,
which
had
been
craftily
and
surreptitiously
made
,
They
confirm
the
Votes
of
None
Addresses
,
and
rescind
that
concerning
a
Conference
with
the
King
.
and
afterwards
repealed
by
both
Houses
in
full
number
.
But
the
other
Votes
,
for
having
a
Conference
with
the
King
,
and
especially
that
which
declared
the
Kings
Concessions
to
be
a
sufficient
ground
for
a
Peace
,
they
rescind
and
scornfully
raze
out
of
their
Journal
;
as
an
Act
unworthy
of
Parliament
.
New
Orders
in
place
of
the
former
,
pass
in
this
House
of
Commons
,
whereby
they
invade
the
Government
by
Votes
,
which
before
they
had
snatched
by
Arms.
They
first
vote
,
They
pass
Votes
preliminary
to
the
Kings
murder
.
That
all
Power
resides
in
the
People
.
Secondly
,
That
that
Power
belongs
to
the
Peoples
Representatives
(
meaning
themselves
)
in
the
House
of
Commons
.
Thirdly
,
That
the
Votes
of
the
Commons
have
the
force
of
a
Law
,
without
the
consent
of
the
King
or
House
of
Lords
,
a
[
](A26767-e36750-b)*
*
M.
Horatius
Cons.
of
Rome
caused
a
Law
to
pass
,
Ut
quod
tributim
plebes
jussisset
,
populum
teneret
;
that
is
,
That
what
Laws
or
Orders
the
Com-Counc
.
or
Tribes
of
Rome
should
make
,
should
oblige
the
body
of
the
Common-wealth
by
which
the
Senate
&
Nobility
lost
their
power
;
&
way
was
made
for
the
turning
that
State
into
a
Democracy
,
to
the
ruine
of
it
.
Liv.
l.
3.
c.
55
They
erect
a
Trib.
of
subjects
against
the
K.
plain
Horatian
Law
,
that
what
the
lowest
Order
of
the
People
enacteth
,
binds
the
whole
body
of
them
.
Fourthly
,
That
to
take
Arms
and
make
War
against
the
Representatives
of
the
People
or
the
Parliament
,
is
High-Treason
.
Fifthly
,
That
the
King
himself
took
up
Arms
against
the
Parliament
,
and
that
therefore
he
is
guilty
of
all
the
bloud
shed
in
this
Civil
War
(
that
so
they
might
seem
to
excuse
themselves
of
the
Villany
)
and
ought
by
his
own
bloud
to
expiate
it
.
These
were
the
Preludes
to
that
most
horrid
and
abominable
Villany
,
(
I
tremble
to
mention
it
)
which
it
behoved
them
to
bring
about
by
degrees
:
for
trusting
now
to
their
great
power
,
which
indeed
was
as
great
as
they
thought
fit
to
take
to
themselves
,
they
had
the
boldness
to
erect
a
new
Tribunal
of
most
abject
wretches
against
the
King
,
to
which
they
give
the
name
of
the
High
Court
of
Justice
,
thinking
that
its
name
might
procure
it
reverence
.
And
appoint
150
Judges
of
their
own
Faction
to
do
the
fact
.
In
this
Mock-Court
they
appoint
an
hundred
and
fifty
Judges
,
(
that
they
might
in
number
at
least
represent
the
people
)
the
most
factious
Sticklers
of
the
whole
Faction
;
to
whom
they
give
power
of
arraigning
,
trying
,
judging
,
and
condemning
Charles
Stuart
King
of
England
.
Some
Nobles
and
Judges
also
.
In
the
number
of
these
,
they
appoint
six
Earls
out
of
the
House
of
Lords
,
and
the
Judges
also
of
the
Kingdom
lately
chosen
by
themselves
.
But
the
greater
part
consist
of
the
Commanders
of
the
Army
,
Commanders
of
the
Army
,
Members
of
the
House
of
Com.
Mechanicks
,
Bankrupts
,
who
first
conspired
the
murder
of
the
King
,
and
the
Members
of
the
House
of
Commons
who
were
the
most
inveterate
enemies
to
Monarchy
.
The
rest
were
Rascals
raked
out
of
the
Kennel
of
London
,
or
the
Neighbourhood
.
Amongst
these
some
were
Coblers
,
Brewers
,
Silversmiths
,
and
other
Mechanicks
,
the
greater
part
were
Bankrupt
Spend-thrifts
,
Debauchees
and
Whoremasters
,
who
nevertheless
by
the
Disciples
of
the
Sect
were
called
Saints
.
All
obnoxious
men
.
Nay
,
there
was
none
of
them
but
did
expect
impunity
for
his
cheating
the
Publick
,
Sacriledge
,
Bribery
,
and
other
enormous
Crimes
;
or
did
hope
to
glut
his
Avarice
with
the
Kings
Revenue
,
Houses
,
Furniture
,
or
gainful
places
to
be
conferred
upon
him
for
so
bold
an
attempt
:
or
,
in
a
word
,
that
was
not
drawn
in
and
allured
up
to
the
horrid
fact
by
the
tamperings
,
threats
,
and
promises
of
Cromwel
,
Ireton
,
and
the
other
Commanders
of
the
Army
.
The
Vpper
H.
is
slighted
.
In
the
mean
time
there
was
hardly
any
regard
had
to
the
Lords
;
and
it
was
commonly
believed
,
that
being
now
terrified
by
so
many
and
so
great
dangers
,
they
would
of
their
own
accords
absent
from
the
House
,
except
four
or
five
that
were
slaves
to
that
Republican
Faction
.
But
the
Republicans
send
them
their
Bills
to
be
confirmed
The
Rebels
thought
that
the
authority
of
these
was
sufficient
to
confirm
any
attempt
whatsoever
,
as
they
had
already
oftener
than
once
experienced
.
Nor
indeed
were
their
hopes
altogether
frustrated
.
However
,
when
the
matter
came
to
the
push
,
their
luck
proved
somewhat
worse
than
they
expected
:
They
are
rejected
as
hurtful
and
unlawful
.
for
a
few
Lords
used
daily
to
come
to
the
House
;
but
that
day
when
the
Bill
for
trying
the
King
was
to
be
brought
to
the
Lords
House
for
their
consent
,
unexpectedly
seventeen
Lords
were
present
,
who
all
(
not
excepting
those
who
favoured
the
Republicans
)
not
onely
deny
their
consent
,
but
cast
the
Bill
over
the
Bar
,
as
destructive
and
contrary
to
Law
.
This
inraged
the
Oligarchick
Rebels
,
Wherefore
the
Lords
are
dash●
out
of
the
number
of
the
Kings
Judges
,
and
put
them
upon
thoughts
of
revenge
,
taking
it
hainously
that
so
publick
an
affront
and
disgrace
had
been
put
upon
them
.
However
,
at
present
they
thought
it
enough
to
dash
all
the
Lords
out
of
the
number
of
the
Kings
Judges
.
By
and
by
also
the
Judges
of
the
Kingdom
were
struck
out
of
that
black
List
,
And
the
Judges
of
the
Kingdom
,
as
contrary
to
their
Bill
.
because
being
privately
asked
their
opinions
in
that
affair
,
(
though
through
the
interest
of
this
Faction
they
had
been
lately
by
authority
of
Parliament
raised
to
their
places
)
they
had
answered
,
That
it
was
against
the
known
and
received
Laws
and
Customs
of
England
to
bring
the
King
to
a
Tryal
.
For
a
President
of
this
Court
,
They
chuse
a
President
of
the
Court
,
who
might
match
it
in
fame
and
reputation
,
they
pitch
upon
one
John
Bradshaw
,
a
base-born
broken
Pettifogger
,
a
fellow
of
a
brazen
forehead
,
and
an
insolent
and
sawcy
tongue
,
who
a
little
before
was
of
no
value
amongst
those
of
his
own
Gang.
And
an
Attorney-General
.
One
Cooke
they
make
Attorney-General
,
a
fellow
of
the
same
stamp
,
poor
,
guilty
,
(
as
was
reported
)
of
Polygamy
,
who
had
plaid
a
thousand
tricks
and
cheats
to
get
Bread
,
and
now
was
ready
to
do
any
villany
in
hopes
of
profit
.
They
privately
consult
for
some
days
about
the
matter
and
form
of
the
Arraignment
,
or
the
manner
of
perpetrating
the
Villany
;
where
in
drawing
the
Kings
Indictment
,
one
Dorislaus
a
Doctor
of
the
Laws
,
a
German
,
who
was
either
banished
or
had
fled
his
Country
,
took
the
greatest
pains
.
In
the
mean
time
all
the
Presbyterian
Ministers
of
London
,
in
a
manner
,
and
more
out
of
several
Counties
;
yea
,
and
some
out
of
the
Independents
also
,
declare
against
the
thing
in
their
Sermons
from
the
Pulpit
,
in
Conferences
,
monitory
Letters
,
Petitions
,
Protestations
,
and
publick
Remonstrances
.
They
earnestly
beg
,
In
the
mean
time
the
Presbyterian
Ministers
cry
out
against
it
.
That
contrary
to
so
many
dreadful
Imprecations
and
Oaths
,
contrary
to
publick
and
private
Faith
confirmed
by
Declarations
and
Promises
,
contrary
to
the
Law
of
Nations
,
the
Word
of
God
and
sacred
Rules
of
Religion
,
nay
,
and
contrary
to
the
welfare
of
the
State
,
they
would
not
defile
their
own
hands
and
the
Kingdom
with
Royal
Bloud
.
The
Scots
also
protest
against
it
.
The
States
General
intercede
English
Lo●ds
offer
them●ves
Hostages
for
the
King
.
The
Scots
by
their
Commissioners
protest
against
it
.
The
Embassadours
of
the
States
General
of
the
Vnited
Provinces
(
if
they
faithfully
perform'd
their
Masters
Orders
)
intercede
.
Some
English
Noblemen
,
to
wit
,
the
Earl
of
Southampton
,
the
Duke
of
Richmond
,
the
Marquess
of
Hertford
,
and
Earl
of
Lyndsey
,
&c.
do
what
lies
in
their
power
;
they
neither
spare
prayers
nor
money
;
offer
themselves
as
Hostages
,
or
,
if
the
Republicans
demanded
it
,
their
lives
,
as
being
onely
guilty
,
if
the
King
had
offended
in
any
thing
.
The
people
whisper
their
rage
,
The
whole
People
rages
.
for
that
was
all
they
could
now
do
;
hardly
restraining
their
unarmed
fury
.
Our
present
King
,
then
Prince
CHARLES
,
used
all
means
to
assist
his
Father
in
this
danger
.
Besides
,
the
Embassadours
of
the
States
General
,
whom
he
had
procured
to
be
sent
,
he
daily
dispatched
Agents
as
well
from
the
Prince
of
Orange
as
himself
,
and
such
as
were
Relations
,
Kinsmen
,
and
Friends
to
Cromwel
,
Ireton
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Conspirators
;
who
being
warranted
with
full
power
,
might
by
prayers
,
promises
,
threats
,
or
what
arguments
they
judged
fit
,
either
disswade
them
from
that
unparallel'd
Barbarity
,
or
at
least
for
some
time
prevail
with
them
to
delay
the
execution
of
the
Villany
.
Nor
was
Bradshaw
the
bloudy
President
secure
from
violent
hands
;
Burghill
lies
in
wait
for
Bradshaw
;
for
one
Burghill
armed
with
sword
and
pistol
,
watched
him
one
night
behind
Gray's
Inn-gate
when
he
was
to
come
home
late
;
But
in
vain
,
and
with
danger
of
his
life
.
but
missing
of
his
designe
that
night
,
because
Bradshaw
did
not
come
home
,
next
day
being
betrayed
by
one
Cooke
,
to
whom
he
had
discovered
the
matter
,
he
was
brought
before
the
Parricides
.
However
,
his
Guards
being
drunk
,
finding
an
occasion
of
an
escape
,
he
saved
his
own
life
,
having
onely
laid
in
wait
for
another
mans
.
But
all
was
in
vain
:
But
all
attempts
are
in
vain
,
for
the
Rebels
slighting
these
things
,
pretend
Gods
providence
and
the
motions
of
the
Holy
Ghost
,
for
their
warrant
and
security
.
Peters
a
brazen-faced
Hypocrite
,
Peters
from
the
Pulpit
encouraging
the
Judges
.
who
being
disgracefully
whipt
out
of
Cambridge
,
ever
after
that
clove
close
to
the
Schismaticks
,
bids
them
from
the
Pulpit
,
Go
on
and
prosper
;
that
now
was
the
time
When
the
Saints
should
bind
Princes
in
chains
,
and
their
Nobles
with
fetters
of
iron
:
so
lewdly
did
that
profane
Knave
interpret
holy
Scripture
;
telling
them
,
That
they
need
not
question
but
this
Prophecy
was
to
be
fulfilled
by
them
:
and
in
the
Sermon
he
addresses
himself
to
the
holy
Judges
(
the
title
he
thought
fit
to
give
them
)
and
protests
,
that
he
was
certain
there
were
in
the
Army
five
thousand
men
,
no
less
Saints
than
those
that
conversed
with
God
himself
in
Heaven
.
Then
kneeling
in
the
Pulpit
with
flouds
of
forced
tears
,
and
lifted
up
hands
,
he
earnestly
begs
,
in
the
name
of
the
People
of
England
,
That
they
would
do
Justice
against
CHARLES
,
and
not
suffer
Benhadad
the
enemy
to
escape
.
Nay
,
he
most
insolently
inveighed
against
Monarchy
it self
,
and
straining
his
virulent
wit
,
he
relates
the
History
,
How
the
Trees
chusing
a
King
,
and
the
Vine
and
Olive-tree
refusing
the
office
,
they
submitted
themselves
to
the
sharper
government
of
the
bramble
;
and
compared
Kingly
government
to
briars
.
By
such
kind
of
Arguments
he
stirs
up
and
confirms
those
new
Judges
,
who
of
their
own
nature
were
already
but
too
much
enraged
and
fiercely
bent
against
the
King
.
Accusers
and
Witnesses
against
the
K.
are
cited
by
a
Herald
.
There
was
another
besides
Peters
the
Preacher
,
an
Herald
,
one
Serjeant
Dendy
also
employed
,
who
(
being
environed
with
a
Guard
of
Horse
,
for
fear
of
being
stoned
)
by
sound
of
Trumpet
,
cited
all
those
to
appear
who
had
any
crime
to
object
against
the
King
;
and
this
he
did
first
in
Westminster-hall
,
and
then
in
the
most
publick
places
of
the
City
.
The
King
is
brought
to
the
Bar.
Before
these
Judges
of
the
new
Court
,
the
most
August
Charles
,
already
stript
of
three
most
flourishing
Kingdoms
by
the
Rebels
,
and
having
now
no
more
but
Life
to
be
deprived
of
,
is
brought
without
the
least
signe
in
his
countenance
of
any
discomposure
of
mind
.
Is
indicted
in
name
of
the
People
of
England
.
His
indictment
is
read
,
wherein
he
is
accused
,
In
the
name
of
the
People
of
England
,
of
Treason
,
Tyranny
,
Murders
,
and
of
all
Rapines
that
were
occasioned
by
the
War
;
with
the
highest
aggravations
of
the
Crimes
.
But
the
whole
stress
of
the
Indictment
lay
in
this
,
That
he
had
made
War
against
the
Parliament
;
which
the
Army
under
the
Parliaments
pay
had
long
ago
trampled
under
foot
,
scarcely
any
shadow
of
it
remaining
.
Great
was
the
company
of
Spectators
,
who
with
groans
,
sighs
,
and
tears
,
lamented
the
condition
of
the
best
of
Princes
.
Nor
without
injustice
can
I
pass
over
the
brave
action
of
the
heroick
Lady
Fairfax
,
The
Lady
Fairfax
publickly
contradicting
it
.
Daughter
to
the
Lord
Vere
,
who
out
of
a
Belcony
that
lookt
into
the
Court
,
cried
out
publickly
,
That
that
was
a
lye
;
that
the
tenth
part
of
the
People
was
not
guilty
of
that
Villany
,
but
that
it
was
a
contrivance
of
the
Traytor
Cromwel
.
And
this
she
did
with
great
danger
of
her
life
.
The
King
having
heard
this
Indictment
,
He
calls
into
question
the
Authority
of
the
Court.
with
a
majesty
in
his
looks
and
words
,
that
cannot
be
exprest
,
puts
the
question
to
those
new
Judges
,
By
what
Authority
they
brought
their
King
to
the
Bar
,
contrary
to
the
publick
Faith
which
was
very
lately
made
to
him
when
he
entered
into
a
Conference
with
the
Members
of
both
Houses
.
By
what
lawful
Authority
,
said
he
emphatically
.
He
knew
indeed
there
were
many
unlawful
and
powerful
Combinations
of
men
in
the
world
,
as
of
Thieves
and
Robbers
by
the
High-ways
.
He
desires
they
would
tell
him
by
what
Authority
they
had
taken
that
Power
,
(
such
as
it
was
upon
them
)
and
he
would
be
willing
to
answer
;
but
if
they
could
not
,
he
bids
them
think
well
upon
it
,
before
they
go
farther
from
one
sin
to
a
greater
:
That
he
had
a
Trust
committed
to
him
by
God
by
an
ancient
and
lawful
Descent
;
and
that
he
would
not
betray
it
by
answering
to
a
new
and
unlawful
Authority
.
The
President
replying
,
Which
the
President
affirming
to
be
derived
from
the
People
that
chuse
the
King
,
the
King
denies
it
That
he
was
brought
to
answer
in
the
name
of
the
People
of
England
,
of
which
he
was
elected
King
.
The
King
made
answer
,
That
England
was
never
an
Elective
Kingdom
,
but
an
Hereditary
Kingdom
for
near
these
thousand
years
.
That
he
did
stand
more
for
the
liberty
of
the
People
,
by
rejecting
their
usurped
Power
,
than
any
of
them
that
came
to
be
his
pretended
Judges
did
by
supporting
it
.
That
he
did
not
come
there
as
submitting
to
the
Court
:
That
he
would
stand
as
much
for
the
Priviledge
of
the
House
of
Commons
as
any
man
there
whatsoever
;
but
that
he
saw
no
House
of
Lords
there
,
that
might
,
together
with
a
King
,
constitute
a
Parliament
[
](A26767-e38600-b)*
*
But
then
that
neither
one
nor
both
the
Houses
,
nor
any
other
Tribunal
upon
Earth
,
had
any
power
to
judge
the
King
of
England
;
much
less
a
parcel
of
pack'd
Judges
of
the
Lower
House
,
who
were
masked
onely
with
the
oppressed
power
of
that
Court.
.
That
if
they
would
shew
him
a
legal
authority
,
warranted
by
the
Word
of
God
,
the
Scriptures
,
or
warranted
by
the
Constitutions
of
the
Kingdom
,
he
would
answer
:
for
that
he
did
avow
,
that
it
was
as
great
a
sin
to
withstand
lawful
Authority
,
as
it
is
to
submit
to
a
tyrannical
or
any
ways
unlawful
Authority
.
The
President
in
the
mean
time
often
interrupted
him
,
and
at
length
commanding
him
to
be
carried
back
to
Prison
.
The
King
is
again
and
a
third
time
brought
to
the
bar
.
Yet
was
the
good
King
a
second
and
a
third
time
brought
before
the
Bar
of
the
Common
People
,
where
the
President
puts
him
in
mind
of
his
Indictment
,
and
commands
him
to
answer
to
the
Articles
brought
against
him
,
or
otherways
to
listen
to
his
sentence
.
But
the
King
still
protested
against
the
Authority
of
the
Court
;
affirming
,
That
his
life
was
not
so
dear
to
him
,
as
his
Honour
,
Conscience
,
the
Laws
and
the
Liberties
of
the
People
;
which
that
they
might
not
perish
all
at
once
,
there
were
great
reasons
why
he
could
not
make
his
defence
before
those
Judges
,
nor
acknowledge
a
new
form
of
Judicature
:
for
what
power
had
ever
Subjects
,
or
by
what
Laws
was
it
granted
them
,
to
erect
a
Court
against
their
King
?
That
it
could
not
be
warranted
by
Gods
Laws
,
which
on
the
contrary
command
obedience
to
Princes
;
not
by
the
Laws
of
the
Land
,
since
by
them
no
Impeachment
can
lie
against
the
King
,
And
being
about
to
alleadge
Reasons
against
the
Authority
of
the
Court
,
they
all
going
in
his
name
:
nor
do
they
allow
the
House
of
Commons
the
power
of
judging
the
meanest
Subject
of
England
.
And
that
lastly
,
that
pretended
Power
could
not
flow
from
any
Authority
or
Commission
from
the
People
,
since
they
had
never
asked
the
question
of
the
tenth
man
(
he
might
have
said
,
of
the
thousandth
)
of
the
Kingdom
.
The
President
interrupting
him
again
,
as
before
,
takes
him
up
now
more
insolently
,
The
President
interrupts
and
takes
him
up
.
bids
him
be
mindful
of
his
condition
:
tells
him
,
that
the
Court
is
sufficiently
satisfied
,
and
do
affirm
their
own
Jurisdiction
;
and
that
no
Reasons
were
to
be
heard
that
declined
the
Authority
of
the
Court
.
But
shew
me
that
Court
,
answered
the
King
,
where
Reason
is
not
to
be
heard
.
We
shew
it
you
here
,
replied
the
President
;
and
the
next
time
you
come
,
you
'll
know
more
of
their
pleasure
.
But
the
King
urged
,
That
at
least
he
might
be
permitted
to
give
in
his
Reasons
in
writing
;
to
which
if
they
could
give
him
satisfaction
,
he
would
not
decline
their
Jurisdiction
.
Here
the
President
,
not
satisfied
to
deny
his
modest
suit
,
but
falling
also
into
a
heat
,
commanded
the
Prisoner
to
be
carried
away
;
who
made
no
other
return
but
this
,
Remember
it
is
your
King
whom
you
refuse
to
hear
:
it
will
be
in
vain
for
my
Subjects
to
expect
Justice
from
you
,
when
you
will
not
hear
your
King
make
his
lawful
defence
.
Now
the
King
is
the
fourth
time
brought
before
this
unjust
Court
of
Justice
;
where
the
President
,
The
King
is
a
fourth
time
brought
to
the
bar
;
refuses
to
plead
:
in
his
Scarlet-robe
,
bitterly
taxes
the
King
of
Contumacy
,
and
runs
out
in
commendation
of
the
Patience
of
the
Court
.
He
bids
him
at
length
submit
to
the
Court
,
or
to
expect
his
Sentence
.
But
the
King
constantly
refuses
to
plead
before
them
;
telling
them
however
,
That
he
had
something
to
say
that
concerned
the
Peace
of
the
Kingdom
,
Desires
a
Conference
with
the
Lords
and
Commons
.
and
the
Liberty
of
the
Subject
,
wherein
he
desires
to
be
heard
before
the
Lords
and
Commons
.
Yet
they
refuse
to
grant
him
that
favour
,
which
is
not
wont
to
be
denied
to
men
of
the
meanest
condition
;
pretending
it
would
delay
and
put
a
stop
to
Justice
.
To
which
the
King
replied
,
That
it
would
be
better
to
admit
the
delay
of
a
day
or
two
,
than
to
hasten
a
Sentence
that
might
bring
on
that
trouble
and
perpetual
inconvenience
to
the
Kingdom
,
that
the
Child
that
is
unborn
might
repent
it
.
For
if
I
had
had
,
said
he
,
respect
to
my
Life
more
than
the
Peace
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
Liberties
of
the
Subject
,
certainly
I
should
have
made
a
particular
defence
for
my self
:
for
by
that
at
leastwise
I
might
have
delayed
an
ugly
Sentence
,
which
I
believe
will
pass
upon
me
;
and
that
the
Zeal
to
my
Country
had
not
overborn
the
care
that
I
have
of
my
own
preservation
,
I
should
have
gone
another
way
to
work
than
I
have
done
.
Now
since
a
hasty
Sentence
once
past
may
be
sooner
repented
than
recalled
,
I
desire
,
that
having
something
to
say
more
for
the
Peace
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
Liberty
of
the
Subject
,
than
for
my
own
particular
,
I
may
be
heard
before
Sentence
be
given
.
One
of
the
Judges
prickt
in
Conscience
.
Upon
which
Colonel
Downs
,
one
of
the
Judges
,
being
prickt
in
Conscience
,
(
contrary
to
what
had
been
privately
agreed
upon
amongst
the
Judges
)
desires
that
they
may
withdraw
and
debate
that
Proposal
privately
.
Though
this
extreamly
vexed
the
President
,
Cromwel
,
and
most
of
the
rest
,
yet
that
they
might
not
seem
publickly
to
quarrel
among
themselves
,
they
all
withdraw
into
an
adjoyning
Chamber
;
where
Downs
being
paid
off
with
flouts
and
jeers
,
intermingled
with
no
small
threats
,
they
return
wonderfully
unanimous
and
agreeing
into
Court
.
The
President
in
a
set-speech
makes
way
for
the
Sentence
.
Then
the
President
with
the
same
inhumane
barbarity
that
he
began
,
proceeds
to
Sentence
;
having
premised
a
long
Speech
,
wherein
he
aggravates
the
Contumacy
of
the
King
,
and
the
haynousness
of
the
Crime
;
he
asserts
the
Power
of
Parliaments
,
producing
instances
both
foreign
and
domestick
,
(
especially
from
Scotland
,
how
aptly
the
Scots
are
to
look
to
it
)
wherein
the
People
have
punished
their
Kings
;
and
that
the
Power
of
the
People
of
England
over
their
King
,
was
not
less
than
that
of
other
Nations
;
that
the
King's
guilt
was
greater
than
that
of
all
others
,
seeing
that
(
according
to
the
wish
of
Caligula
)
he
had
endeavoured
to
have
cut
off
the
head
of
the
whole
Nation
,
by
undertaking
a
War
against
the
Parliament
.
Having
ended
his
Harangue
,
Orders
the
Sentence
to
be
read
.
he
orders
the
Sentence
to
be
read
,
in
these
words
:
That
whereas
the
Commons
of
England
in
Parliament
had
appointed
them
an
High
Court
of
Justice
for
the
trying
of
Charles
Steuart
King
of
England
;
before
whom
he
had
been
three
times
convented
,
and
at
first
time
a
Charge
of
High-Treason
,
and
other
Crimes
and
Misdemeanours
,
was
read
in
the
behalf
of
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
&c.
Which
Charge
being
read
unto
him
as
aforesaid
,
he
the
said
Charles
Steuart
was
required
to
give
his
Answer
,
but
he
refused
so
to
do
,
&c.
For
all
which
Treasons
and
Crimes
,
the
Court
doth
adjudge
,
That
he
the
said
Charles
Steuart
,
as
a
Tyrant
,
Traytor
,
Murderer
,
and
a
publick
Enemy
,
shall
be
put
to
death
by
severing
his
Head
from
his
Body
.
The
Sentence
being
pronounced
,
All
the
Judges
that
were
present
,
stand
up
and
confirm
the
Sentence
.
sixty
seven
Judges
that
were
present
,
as
lifted
up
by
the
conscience
of
the
Villany
they
had
conspired
in
,
at
the
desire
of
the
President
,
(
the
thing
having
been
privately
concerted
)
stand
up
and
confirm
the
same
;
the
rest
,
(
amongst
whom
was
Fairfax
)
for
the
horrour
of
the
Crime
,
not
daring
to
be
present
.
Then
was
his
sacred
Majesty
hurried
away
by
the
Souldiers
to
be
by
them
(
most
like
to
his
Saviour
)
scoffed
at
before
he
suffered
;
The
souldiers
carry
away
the
King
,
scoff
at
him
,
who
laying
aside
all
reverence
to
the
name
of
a
King
,
as
if
they
led
their
Captive
in
triumph
with
cruel
barbarity
,
(
the
aforesaid
Peters
setting
them
on
)
whereas
in
the
beginning
they
cry'd
,
Justice
,
Justice
;
so
now
they
cry
,
Execution
,
Execution
;
like
the
Jews
of
old
,
Crucifie
him
,
Crucifie
him
:
And
barbarously
use
him
.
They
spit
upon
his
Clothes
as
he
passed
by
;
nay
,
one
or
two
had
the
boldness
to
spit
in
his
majestick
face
,
which
one
of
his
Judges
,
a
Colonel
,
took
notice
of
to
many
then
present
,
commending
the
bravery
of
his
Souldiers
;
and
more
beheld
with
horrour
:
They
blew
the
smoak
of
Tobacco
,
a
thing
which
they
knew
his
Majesty
hated
,
in
his
sacred
mouth
,
throwing
their
broken
Pipes
in
his
way
as
he
passed
along
:
They
also
enjoyn
inhumane
rudeness
to
others
,
beating
those
who
with
a
hat
or
bow
saluted
him
as
he
passed
;
nay
,
whilst
one
more
compassionate
than
the
rest
,
sighing
,
said
,
God
have
mercy
upon
him
,
they
knockt
him
down
dead
:
Rushing
into
his
Chamber
both
by
day
and
by
night
,
they
allowed
him
no
retirement
,
nor
any
private
discourse
not
so
much
as
with
his
Chaplain
:
When
with
much
ado
they
had
suffered
one
Bishop
onely
,
I
mean
,
of
London
,
to
have
access
unto
him
,
with
loud
laughing
they
interrupt
him
in
paying
his
Devotions
according
to
the
Rite
of
the
Church
of
England
;
and
even
then
when
he
was
preparing
for
his
last
,
they
disturb
him
with
scoffs
and
frivolous
and
impertinent
Questions
.
His
Majesty
behaves
himself
courageously
and
prudently
,
But
he
with
great
presence
of
mind
,
whilst
they
cried
out
,
Justice
and
Execution
,
turning
to
those
that
were
about
him
,
said
,
Alas
,
poor
Souls
,
for
a
piece
of
money
they
would
do
so
for
their
Commanders
.
Wiping
off
the
Spittle
when
they
spit
upon
him
,
all
that
came
from
him
was
,
Christ
hath
suffered
more
for
my
sake
.
He
so
convincingly
confuted
the
Commanders
,
Souldiers
,
and
other
impertinent
Anabaptists
,
who
with
their
cavils
and
silly
disputes
came
to
tempt
him
,
that
he
put
most
of
them
to
silence
.
He
took
so
little
notice
of
their
ridiculous
mirth
,
that
by
contemning
it
,
he
disappointed
their
sawcy
petulance
.
Nay
,
though
he
was
straitned
with
time
,
And
prepares
himself
for
his
last
sufferings
.
and
disturbed
with
the
noise
of
barbarous
Souldiers
,
yet
with
a
religious
and
sedate
mind
,
spending
his
time
in
the
confession
of
his
sins
,
forgiving
his
Enemies
,
taking
the
Sacrament
,
holy
reading
and
meditation
,
and
in
all
the
other
duties
of
Piety
,
he
finds
the
favour
of
God
amidst
the
hatred
of
men
,
and
vanquishes
and
drives
away
the
terrours
of
death
even
before
they
approach
.
Whilst
these
things
are
done
openly
in
view
of
the
people
,
the
execrable
and
merciless
Judges
,
The
Judges
,
before
the
publication
of
Sentence
,
consult
about
the
kind
,
manner
,
and
time
of
the
Murder
.
in
the
mean
time
,
in
their
private
Cabals
allot
every
one
the
part
he
is
to
act
,
what
words
and
Gestures
they
are
to
use
;
consulting
together
about
the
time
,
place
,
kind
,
and
all
the
manner
and
solemnity
of
the
Murder
:
where
,
I
am
ashamed
to
mention
,
what
dismal
kinds
of
death
were
proposed
for
condemned
Caesar
,
even
before
the
Sentence
,
according
as
the
wantonness
,
cruelty
,
or
hatred
of
the
several
tempers
did
suggest
,
though
I
have
been
informed
of
it
by
most
credible
persons
.
Some
vote
that
his
Head
and
Quarters
may
be
set
up
in
publick
places
,
a
punishment
inflicted
upon
Traytors
,
as
a
lasting
Infamy
after
their
death
;
some
would
have
him
hanged
after
the
manner
of
Murderers
,
Robbers
,
and
Thieves
;
others
again
are
of
opinion
that
he
should
suffer
in
his
Crown
and
Robes
,
as
a
Monument
of
the
Power
of
the
People
over
their
King
.
At
length
they
agree
that
it
will
suffice
,
that
he
lose
his
head
upon
a
Scaffold
to
be
erected
before
the
Banquetting-House
of
White-hall
,
that
from
the
same
place
where
he
used
to
mount
the
Throne
,
and
appear
in
the
sacred
pomp
of
Majesty
,
he
might
pass
to
the
Block
,
and
cast
off
the
Ornaments
of
Royalty
,
where
he
commonly
put
them
on
.
This
was
the
Triumph
,
these
the
Trophies
of
a
victorious
Revenge
.
And
because
they
had
been
told
,
that
the
King
would
not
submit
his
Neck
to
the
Ax
of
his
Subjects
,
they
order
iron
Rings
and
Staples
to
be
made
upon
the
Scaffold
,
that
if
he
resisted
,
he
might
be
drawn
down
to
the
Block
by
the
head
and
hands
.
But
it
is
not
to
be
omitted
,
that
amongst
these
Preliminaries
to
death
,
Proposals
are
tendered
unto
him
,
upon
granting
which
,
he
is
offered
his
life
.
some
Souldiers
,
the
day
before
the
execution
,
offered
Proposals
;
which
if
he
would
at
length
assent
to
,
they
promised
to
grant
him
life
and
the
name
of
King
.
But
having
heard
one
or
two
of
them
read
,
he
rejected
them
,
saying
to
this
effect
:
I
had
rather
suffer
a
thousand
deaths
,
than
so
to
prostitute
my
Honour
and
the
Liberty
of
my
People
.
He
is
permitted
to
take
his
leave
of
his
Children
.
And
,
that
I
may
not
pass
by
unmentioned
the
least
piece
of
humanity
shew'd
to
him
,
they
give
him
leave
to
take
his
Farewel
of
his
Children
;
to
wit
,
of
the
Lady
Elizabeth
then
eleven
years
old
,
and
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
nine
.
What
the
King
gave
them
in
charge
.
Here
the
King
charged
to
tell
the
Queen
,
that
his
thoughts
had
never
strayed
from
her
,
and
that
his
love
would
be
the
same
to
the
last
;
that
she
should
command
the
Prince
in
his
name
(
if
it
pleased
God
to
advance
him
to
the
Throne
)
to
pardon
his
Enemies
,
&c.
withal
,
he
commanded
her
and
her
second
Brother
(
the
Duke
of
York
who
sometime
before
had
made
his
escape
from
the
Parliament
)
to
be
subject
to
the
Prince
and
obey
their
Mother
:
he
bid
her
also
read
Bishop
Andrews
Sermons
,
Hooker's
Ecclesiastical
Polity
,
and
Bishop
Laud's
Book
against
Fisher
,
which
would
ground
her
against
Popery
.
Then
he
said
to
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
Mark
,
Child
,
what
I
say
;
they
will
cut
off
my
head
,
and
perhaps
make
thee
a
King
:
but
mark
what
I
say
,
You
must
not
be
King
so
long
as
your
Brother
Charles
and
James
do
live
;
for
they
will
cut
off
your
Brothers
heads
(
when
they
can
catch
them
)
and
cut
thy
head
off
too
at
last
:
and
therefore
I
charge
you
do
not
be
made
a
King
by
them
.
To
which
the
Child
(
looking
wishfully
upon
the
King
)
answered
,
I
will
be
torn
in
pieces
first
.
The
K.
is
led
to
execution
.
Now
was
the
fatal
day
when
the
King
,
fortified
against
death
by
Innocence
and
Piety
,
came
out
of
St.
James's
house
,
(
now
the
Royal
Prison
)
and
walked
afoot
through
the
Park
,
with
a
chearful
countenance
,
as
if
he
had
been
going
a
hunting
.
The
Souldiers
and
guard
of
Partisans
marching
slowly
,
he
bid
them
go
faster
,
saying
,
That
he
now
went
before
them
to
strive
for
an
heavenly
Crown
,
with
less
sollicitude
than
he
had
often
encouraged
his
Souldiers
to
fight
for
an
earthly
Diadem
.
Being
brought
into
the
Banquetting-house
,
he
spent
an
hour
in
prayer
,
that
having
recommended
his
Soul
to
God
,
he
might
have
some
leisure-time
before
death
to
be
spent
amongst
the
Souldiers
.
As
he
went
out
from
thence
upon
the
Scaffold
that
was
covered
with
dismal
black
,
the
first
Objects
that
present
themselves
to
his
view
,
are
Executioners
in
Vizard-masques
,
a
Block
and
an
Ax
;
which
yet
do
not
so
damp
his
Royal
Courage
,
but
that
he
shew'd
his
care
for
the
living
to
be
far
greater
than
his
apprehensions
of
dying
:
for
looking
round
upon
the
People
,
who
by
numerous
Guards
of
Horse
were
kept
at
a
great
distance
,
and
perceiving
that
he
could
not
be
heard
by
them
,
He
speaks
to
Col.
Tomlinson
,
and
the
other
Instruments
of
the
Regicide
.
he
waved
(
as
it
is
probable
)
the
discourse
that
he
intended
to
deliver
to
the
Multitude
,
and
addressed
himself
to
Colonel
Tomlinson
,
and
the
other
Instruments
of
the
Regicide
,
in
these
following
words
.
I
Shall
be
very
little
heard
of
any
body
else
;
His
Maj.
had
not
spoken
,
but
that
otherwise
he
might
have
been
thought
to
submit
to
the
guilt
.
I
shall
therefore
speak
a
word
to
you
here
.
Indeed
I
could
have
held
my
peace
very
well
,
if
I
did
not
think
that
holding
my
peace
would
make
some
men
think
that
I
did
submit
to
the
Guilt
as
well
as
to
the
Punishment
:
But
I
think
it
is
my
duty
to
God
first
,
and
then
to
my
Country
,
to
clear
my self
both
as
an
honest
man
,
a
good
King
,
and
a
good
Christian
.
I
shall
begin
first
with
my
Innocency
;
and
in
troath
,
I
think
it
not
very
needful
for
me
to
insist
long
upon
this
:
He
did
not
begin
the
War
.
for
all
the
world
knows
that
I
did
never
begin
a
War
with
the
two
Houses
of
Parliament
;
and
I
call
God
to
witness
,
unto
whom
I
must
shortly
give
an
account
,
that
I
did
never
intend
to
incroach
upon
their
Priviledges
:
They
began
upon
me
;
But
the
two
Houses
.
it
is
the
Militia
they
began
upon
:
They
confessed
the
Militia
was
mine
,
but
they
thought
it
fit
to
have
it
from
me
.
And
to
be
short
,
if
any
body
will
look
to
the
dates
of
Commissions
,
of
their
Commissions
and
mine
,
and
likewise
to
the
Declaration
,
he
will
see
clearly
that
they
began
those
unhappy
Troubles
,
not
I.
So
as
for
the
guilt
of
those
enormous
Crimes
that
are
laid
against
me
,
I
hope
that
God
will
clear
me
on
't
.
His
Majesty
lays
not
the
the
guilt
upon
the
two
Houses
,
I
will
not
,
(
for
I
am
in
charity
)
and
God
forbid
that
I
should
lay
it
upon
the
two
Houses
of
Parliament
,
there
is
no
necessity
of
either
,
I
hope
they
are
free
of
this
Guilt
;
Ill
Instruments
the
cause
of
it
.
but
I
believe
that
ill
Instruments
between
them
and
me
,
have
been
the
chief
cause
of
all
this
Bloudshed
:
So
that
as
I
find
my self
clear
of
this
,
I
hope
(
and
pray
God
)
that
they
may
too
.
Yet
for
all
this
,
God
forbid
that
I
should
be
so
ill
a
Christian
,
as
not
to
say
,
that
Gods
Judgments
are
just
upon
me
;
many
times
he
doth
pay
injustice
by
an
unjust
Sentence
,
One
unjust
sentence
punished
with
another
.
that
is
ordinary
:
I
will
say
this
,
That
unjust
Sentence
that
I
suffered
to
take
effect
,
is
punished
by
an
unjust
Sentence
upon
me
:
So
far
I
have
said
,
to
shew
you
,
That
I
am
an
innocent
man
.
Now
to
shew
you
that
I
am
a
good
Christian
,
I
hope
there
is
a
good
man
here
(
pointing
to
the
Bishop
of
London
)
that
will
bear
me
witness
,
His
Majesty
forgives
all
the
world
,
even
the
Causers
of
his
death
.
that
I
have
forgiven
all
the
world
,
and
even
those
in
particular
that
have
been
the
chief
Causers
of
my
death
:
who
they
are
,
God
knows
,
I
do
not
desire
to
know
;
I
pray
God
forgive
them
.
But
this
is
not
all
,
my
Charity
must
go
further
;
I
wish
they
may
repent
,
for
indeed
they
have
committed
a
great
sin
in
that
particular
:
I
pray
God
,
with
St.
Stephen
,
that
this
be
not
laid
to
their
charge
;
and
withal
,
that
they
may
take
the
way
to
the
Peace
of
the
Kingdom
;
for
my
charity
commands
me
not
onely
to
forgive
particular
men
,
but
to
endeavour
to
the
last
gasp
,
the
Peace
of
the
Kingdom
.
So
(
Sirs
)
I
do
wish
with
all
my
Soul
,
Prays
that
they
may
take
the
right
way
to
Peace
.
(
I
see
there
are
some
here
that
will
carry
it
further
)
that
they
endeavour
the
Peace
of
the
Kingdom
.
(
Sirs
)
I
must
shew
you
,
both
how
you
are
out
of
the
way
,
and
put
you
in
a
way
.
First
,
you
are
out
of
the
way
;
for
certainly
all
the
ways
you
ever
had
yet
,
as
far
as
I
could
find
by
any
thing
,
is
in
the
way
of
Conquest
:
certainly
this
is
an
ill
way
;
Conquest
an
ill
way
,
seldom
just
.
for
Conquest
,
in
my
Opinion
,
is
never
just
,
except
there
be
a
just
and
good
cause
,
either
for
matter
of
Wrong
,
or
a
just
Title
;
and
then
if
you
go
beyond
the
first
Quarrel
that
ye
have
,
that
makes
it
unjust
at
the
end
,
that
was
just
at
first
:
for
if
there
be
onely
matter
of
Conquest
,
then
it
is
a
great
Robbery
;
as
a
private
Souldier
said
to
Alexander
,
That
he
was
a
great
Robber
,
himself
was
but
a
petty
Robber
:
And
so
,
Sirs
,
for
the
way
you
are
in
,
I
think
you
are
much
out
of
the
way
.
To
give
God
his
due
,
the
K.
his
due
,
and
the
People
their
due
,
is
the
right
way
.
Give
God
his
due
in
setling
his
Church
.
Now
,
Sirs
,
to
put
you
into
the
way
;
believe
it
,
you
shall
never
go
right
,
nor
God
will
never
prosper
you
,
until
you
give
God
his
due
,
the
King
his
due
,
(
that
is
my
Successour
)
and
the
People
their
due
;
I
am
as
much
for
them
as
any
of
you
.
You
must
give
God
his
due
,
by
regulating
rightly
his
Church
,
according
to
the
Scripture
,
(
which
is
now
out
of
order
)
and
to
set
you
in
a
way
particularly
,
now
I
cannot
;
but
onely
this
:
A
National
Synod
freely
called
,
As
to
the
K.
it
concerning
himself
,
his
Majesty
waves
it
.
freely
debating
among
themselves
,
must
settle
this
,
when
every
Opinion
is
freely
heard
.
For
the
King
,
indeed
,
I
will
not
,
the
Laws
of
the
Land
will
clearly
instruct
you
for
that
;
therefore
,
because
it
concerns
mine
own
particular
,
Peoples
liberty
consists
in
having
government
,
not
in
sharing
it
.
I
onely
give
you
a
touch
of
it
.
For
the
People
,
truly
I
desire
their
liberty
and
freedom
as
much
as
any
body
whomsoever
:
But
I
must
tell
you
,
that
their
liberty
and
freedom
consists
in
having
government
under
those
Laws
,
by
which
their
lives
and
theirs
may
be
most
their
own
;
it
is
not
in
having
a
share
in
the
government
,
that
is
nothing
pertaining
to
them
:
A
Subject
and
a
Soveraign
are
clean
different
things
;
and
therefore
until
you
do
that
,
I
mean
,
that
you
put
the
People
into
that
liberty
,
as
I
say
,
certainly
they
will
never
enjoy
themselves
.
;
;
;
Sirs
,
it
was
for
this
that
now
I
am
come
hither
:
for
if
I
would
have
given
way
to
an
Arbitrary
way
,
for
to
have
all
Laws
changed
according
to
the
power
of
the
Sword
,
I
need
not
have
come
here
;
and
therefore
I
tell
you
(
and
I
pray
God
it
be
not
laid
to
your
charge
)
that
I
am
the
MARTYR
of
the
People
.
His
Majesty
the
Martyr
of
the
People
.
In
troth
,
Sirs
,
I
shall
not
hold
you
any
longer
;
I
will
onely
say
this
to
you
,
That
I
could
have
desired
some
little
time
longer
,
because
I
would
have
put
this
,
what
I
have
said
,
a
little
better
digested
than
I
have
done
;
and
therefore
I
hope
you
will
excuse
me
.
I
have
delivered
my
Conscience
:
I
pray
God
you
take
those
courses
that
are
best
for
the
good
of
the
Kingdoms
and
your
own
salvation
.
Being
thus
about
to
conclude
his
most
innocent
and
meek
Speech
,
the
Bishop
of
London
gave
him
a
hint
,
That
if
his
Majesty
thought
fit
,
he
would
say
somewhat
as
to
his
Religion
;
not
that
any
man
living
suspected
that
,
of
which
he
had
given
so
clear
proofs
during
the
whole
course
of
his
life
,
but
that
he
might
,
according
to
custom
,
satisfie
the
People
.
To
which
the
King
replied
,
He
professes
he
dies
a
Christian
of
the
Church
of
England
.
I
thank
you
very
heartily
,
my
Lord
,
for
I
had
almost
forgotten
it
.
In
troth
,
Sirs
,
my
Conscience
in
Religion
,
I
think
,
is
very
well
known
to
all
the
World
;
and
therefore
I
declare
before
you
all
,
That
I
die
a
Christian
,
according
to
the
Profession
of
the
Church
of
England
,
as
I
found
it
left
me
by
my
Father
,
and
that
honest
man
I
think
will
witness
it
.
Then
turning
to
the
Officers
,
he
said
,
Sirs
,
excuse
me
for
this
same
;
I
have
a
good
Cause
,
and
I
have
a
gracious
God
,
I
will
say
no
more
.
But
a
little
after
,
I
go
from
a
corruptible
to
an
incorruptible
Crown
,
where
no
disturbance
can
be
,
no
disturbance
in
the
World
.
He
is
beheaded
Afterwards
kneeling
down
by
the
Block
,
as
at
a
Desk
,
and
having
said
a
short
Prayer
,
he
most
humbly
resigned
his
sacred
head
to
his
Maker
to
be
struck
off
by
a
masked
Executioner
;
which
was
quickly
done
at
one
blow
.
So
fell
CHARLES
;
and
so
with
him
expired
the
Honour
and
Soul
of
Great
Britain
.
Barbarous
Cruelty
against
him
dead
.
Against
his
body
.
Nor
are
they
satisfied
to
have
exercised
their
Rage
and
Cruelty
against
him
,
whilst
he
was
alive
:
they
dishonour
his
martyred
Body
;
wash
their
hands
and
dip
their
sticks
in
his
Bloud
;
set
to
sale
the
Block
cut
into
pieces
,
and
the
Sand
underneath
it
moistened
with
Royal
Bloud
;
and
make
money
also
of
his
Hair
.
All
which
were
by
the
Spectators
bought
up
upon
different
motives
:
some
as
dear
Pledges
and
Relicks
of
a
Prince
whom
they
adored
;
others
,
that
they
might
never
want
a
Cure
for
the
Kings
Evil
,
a
Prerogative
which
our
Kings
are
believed
to
enjoy
;
but
many
also
,
that
they
might
have
and
shew
in
triumph
the
Spoils
of
their
Enemy
.
Cromwel
,
that
he
might
to
the
full
glut
his
traiterous
eyes
with
that
Spectacle
,
having
opened
the
Coffin
wherein
the
Body
was
carried
from
the
Scaffold
into
the
Palace
,
curiously
viewed
it
,
and
with
his
fingers
severed
the
head
from
the
shouldiers
,
as
we
have
been
informed
by
Eye-witnesses
.
Afterwards
they
give
the
Body
to
be
embowelled
by
a
rascally
Quack-Physician
,
and
some
Surgeons
of
the
Army
,
most
inveterate
Enemies
to
the
very
name
of
a
King
,
(
his
Majesties
own
Servants
being
removed
)
who
had
orders
carefully
to
enquire
(
which
was
the
same
to
them
as
if
they
had
been
commanded
positively
to
affirm
)
whether
he
had
not
the
Venereal
Distemper
,
or
any
signs
of
Frigidity
;
with
a
designe
to
take
an
occasion
from
thence
of
branding
either
himself
or
Posterity
with
Infamy
.
But
that
Villany
was
crushed
in
the
Egg
by
the
presence
of
an
honest
Physician
,
who
getting
to
be
admitted
to
the
Dissection
,
overawed
them
by
his
reverence
and
authority
:
the
same
person
having
also
reputed
that
by
the
healthfulness
and
vigour
of
his
Constitution
,
he
might
have
outlived
most
men
;
so
that
all
who
consider
the
humourous
temper
both
of
his
body
and
mind
,
are
fully
now
satisfied
of
it
.
Nay
,
Against
his
soul
.
that
they
might
strain
their
Malice
to
the
highest
pitch
of
Cruelty
,
they
make
no
less
scruple
to
murder
the
Soul
of
the
King
,
and
as
easily
damn
him
to
the
flames
of
Hell
,
as
they
are
wont
to
canonize
all
their
own
for
Saints
.
They
make
it
their
business
also
to
blacken
his
Memory
amongst
men
;
Against
his
fame
and
memory
to
posterity
.
they
cause
his
Statue
that
stood
over
the
Porch
of
St.
Paul's
Church
,
and
another
that
was
placed
amongst
the
Statues
of
his
Predecessors
in
the
Royal
Exchange
of
London
,
to
be
thrown
down
,
putting
these
words
into
the
empty
Nich
,
[
](A26767-e40970-b)*
*
The
Tyrant
the
last
of
Kings
is
gone
.
Exit
Tyrannus
regum
ultimus
;
most
false
both
in
the
presage
and
crime
.
They
employ
the
mercenary
Pen
of
the
Son
of
a
certain
S●rivener
one
Milton
,
from
a
musty
Pedant
,
●ampt
into
a
new
Secretary
,
whose
Talent
lying
in
Satyrs
and
Libels
,
and
his
Tongue
being
dipt
in
the
blackest
and
basest
venome
,
might
forge
an
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
or
Image-breaking
;
and
by
his
livid
and
malicious
Wit
,
publish
a
Defence
of
the
Kings
Murder
against
Salmasius
.
They
rob
the
Bishop
of
London
,
They
carry
away
all
the
Royal
Writings
that
they
might
not
be
publish'd
who
was
long
kept
a
Prisoner
,
of
all
the
Papers
which
his
Majesty
had
delivered
unto
him
,
and
ransaking
all
Clothes
,
Trunks
,
and
Boxes
,
they
search
into
every
corner
,
that
they
might
hinder
any
Paper
written
with
the
Royal
hand
,
from
coming
into
the
publick
;
by
which
indeed
they
deprived
mankind
of
many
rare
Monuments
of
Prudence
and
Piety
.
Nevertheless
,
a
golden
book
of
the
Kings
Meditations
saw
the
light
.
Nevertheless
,
by
the
extraordinary
providence
of
Almighty
God
,
to
their
eternal
shame
and
confusion
,
and
the
everlasting
praise
of
the
boundless
and
Royal
Virtue
of
the
King
,
a
Book
of
MEDITATIONS
or
SOLLILOQVIES
,
saw
the
light
,
a
posthumous
work
of
which
,
whosoever
impartially
considers
the
weight
of
matter
,
the
quaintness
of
stile
,
the
strength
of
Reasons
,
and
the
ardour
of
Piety
,
must
,
in
spight
of
Envy
,
acknowledge
that
amongst
Writers
he
deserved
the
Kingdom
,
and
that
those
ill
minds
that
wrested
from
him
the
Civil
Government
,
must
render
him
the
dominion
of
Letters
.
The
extraordinary
grief
of
the
people
.
No
King
,
not
onely
of
Britain
alone
,
but
that
ever
sate
upon
the
Throne
,
left
the
World
more
bewailed
and
lamented
.
For
the
news
of
his
death
being
spread
over
England
,
made
women
miscarry
,
cast
both
men
and
women
into
Fits
,
Convulsions
,
and
Melancholy
;
nay
,
some
were
so
surprized
,
that
they
outlived
not
the
suddenness
of
the
Consternation
:
The
Pulpits
in
all
places
uttered
nothing
but
Sighs
and
Groans
:
The
same
persons
with
useless
grief
bewailing
him
now
he
was
gone
,
who
because
of
difference
of
Opinion
concerning
Church-government
,
had
no
great
kindness
for
him
whilst
he
was
alive
.
The
very
little
Children
(
who
seldom
mind
such
things
)
bursting
out
into
Tears
,
could
hardly
be
comforted
.
Men
of
all
sorts
,
and
almost
of
all
Sects
,
enlarged
in
his
praises
,
comparing
him
to
Job
,
David
,
and
Solomon
,
for
Patience
,
Piety
,
and
Wisdom
.
Nor
can
I
my self
forbear
in
this
place
to
hoist
sail
,
and
with
all
the
skill
I
have
,
launch
out
into
the
Ocean
of
his
Virtues
;
though
the
nature
of
an
Abridgment
I
am
now
about
,
does
lay
an
embargo
upon
my
liberty
.
I
shall
therefore
by
a
few
,
and
those
clouded
beams
,
give
you
what
sight
I
can
of
that
Sun
.
He
was
indeed
a
Prince
to
be
reckoned
amongst
the
best
of
all
past
Ages
,
The
Character
of
the
late
King
.
whose
great
endowments
of
mind
,
and
greater
Virtues
,
rendered
him
in
the
opinion
of
all
,
even
his
greatest
Enemies
,
Worthy
of
Government
,
if
he
had
not
governed
:
who
by
all
mens
confession
,
attained
to
that
height
of
perfection
,
that
he
was
the
same
in
all
places
,
and
at
all
times
;
that
the
course
of
his
Virtues
was
even
and
steddy
,
his
countenance
and
looks
the
same
in
the
most
different
kinds
of
fortune
that
he
had
tried
;
as
if
from
the
Torrid
he
had
removed
into
the
Frigid
Zone
,
without
the
least
alteration
in
his
temper
.
Who
pleased
even
the
unwilling
,
and
as
by
a
kind
of
Charm
,
mitigated
the
hatred
of
many
,
won
his
enemies
to
Friendship
,
and
turned
Railings
into
Praises
.
Who
so
excelled
in
Prudence
and
all
Heroick
Virtues
,
that
through
Calumnies
and
Reproaches
he
shone
out
with
greater
lustre
.
His
Enemies
feigned
him
to
be
a
man
of
weak
Judgment
,
but
found
him
to
be
a
match
,
if
not
superiour
,
to
the
choicest
Politicians
and
Divines
:
They
reviled
him
as
cowardly
and
fickle
,
without
faith
,
and
of
feminine
inconstancy
;
but
in
Battels
they
felt
him
to
be
valiant
,
perceived
him
undaunted
in
Threats
,
Dangers
,
and
Disgraces
,
and
unshaken
in
Prison
and
at
Death
.
They
slandered
him
as
a
Papist
,
but
saw
him
in
his
Writings
to
be
a
Champion
for
the
Reformed
Apostolical
Religion
;
defending
it
not
onely
by
his
Pen
,
but
with
his
Bloud
.
They
who
maligned
him
as
cruel
and
bloud-thirsty
,
advanced
to
that
licentiousness
of
calumniating
,
onely
through
the
clemency
of
their
King
,
☜
to
which
the
Rebels
promised
themselves
a
too
easie
retreat
,
until
by
the
favour
of
fortune
,
being
transported
beyond
the
bonds
of
pardon
,
they
chuse
rather
to
deny
mercy
to
a
Prince
of
so
much
clemency
,
than
to
ask
it
of
him
when
he
was
disarmed
.
If
any
thing
could
be
objected
to
him
,
it
was
so
far
from
being
a
fault
in
so
rare
a
Prince
,
that
it
was
the
height
of
an
unseasonable
Virtue
,
inconsistent
with
so
vitious
and
corrupt
an
Age
;
that
is
,
too
much
Lenity
to
the
cruel
,
Candour
to
the
disingenuous
and
crafty
,
a
strict
Justice
and
Certitude
,
which
is
not
commonly
the
Virtue
of
Kings
,
a
Modesty
that
distrusted
his
own
Abilities
,
and
a
Mind
so
far
from
pride
,
that
he
was
more
apt
to
comply
with
the
worse
Counsels
of
others
,
than
to
stick
to
the
best
of
his
own
;
as
if
he
had
indeed
believed
the
Calumnies
of
his
Enemies
to
be
true
.
He
was
a
great
Example
of
Living
,
but
a
greater
of
Dying
;
Whom
like
slighted
and
unrewarded
Virtue
,
We
hate
whilst
it
's
in
being
,
and
anxiously
bustle
for
when
it
is
gone
.
The
Rebels
exercise
Arbitrary
Dominion
over
the
Lives
and
Estates
of
others
.
The
great
Defender
of
the
Laws
being
now
cut
off
,
and
the
Government
unhinged
,
the
new
Vsurpers
thought
it
time
to
turn
all
topsie-turvy
,
and
to
make
Laws
according
to
their
own
pleasure
.
They
order
CHARLES
the
Second
,
by
the
name
of
CHARLES
STEVART
,
and
the
Duke
of
York
,
wheresoever
they
could
be
found
,
to
be
put
to
death
.
They
forbid
any
man
to
call
Charles
the
II.
King
,
or
to
pray
for
him
,
his
Brother
,
or
any
of
the
Royal
Family
.
Out
comes
presently
an
Ordinance
,
under
pain
of
High-Treason
,
That
no
man
should
presume
to
declare
CHARLES
STEUART
,
commonly
called
Prince
of
Wales
,
King
:
And
as
if
this
had
been
but
a
small
matter
,
That
no
man
should
pray
for
CHARLES
the
Second
,
under
the
name
of
Prince
of
Wales
,
King
of
Scotland
,
or
eldest
Son
of
the
King
,
or
for
the
Duke
of
York
,
or
any
of
the
Royal
Family
,
under
pain
of
Sequestration
.
Monarchy
and
the
House
of
Lords
being
both
abolished
,
the
first
under
pretext
of
change
,
The
Monarch
being
cut
off
,
th●y
presently
murder
Monarchy
;
they
also
abrogate
the
House
of
Lords
.
Turns
out
the
Lord
Mayor
of
London
.
uselesness
and
danger
,
and
the
other
both
of
uselesness
and
danger
;
they
make
an
Ordinance
for
changing
the
most
ancient
Government
of
England
into
a
Democraty
or
Popular
Commonwealth
:
and
because
the
Mayor
of
London
refused
to
publish
the
Ordinance
,
they
turn
him
out
of
his
Office
,
fine
him
in
two
thousand
pounds
,
and
commit
him
to
the
Tower
;
notwithstanding
his
alleadging
,
That
such
an
act
was
to
be
performed
by
the
Sheriffs
,
and
not
the
Mayor
of
London
,
and
that
being
bound
by
so
many
Oaths
,
he
could
not
in
conscience
do
it
.
A
dull
blockhead
,
one
of
the
Kings
Judges
,
was
forthwith
put
into
his
place
,
and
that
others
upon
account
of
conscience
,
might
not
boggle
at
any
of
their
commands
,
they
abolish
the
Oath
which
all
men
upon
their
entry
into
publick
place
,
were
obliged
to
take
to
the
Kings
Majesty
.
They
alter
the
Common
Council
of
the
City
also
.
They
purge
the
Common
Council
of
the
City
,
which
was
wont
to
consist
of
the
richer
and
graver
Citizens
,
and
turn
out
many
Aldermen
;
making
this
their
colour
for
it
,
that
the
year
before
(
though
at
the
desire
of
the
major
part
of
the
Parliament
)
They
had
signed
the
Petition
for
a
personal
Conference
with
the
King
;
and
filled
their
places
with
the
abject
Riff-raff
of
the
Rabble
,
many
of
them
very
young
,
and
most
of
them
broken
fellows
.
They
also
turn
out
the
Recorder
,
Town-Clerk
,
and
other
Officers
of
the
City
,
who
had
refused
to
attend
the
Mayor
at
the
publishing
of
the
Ordinance
for
abolishing
of
Monarchy
;
other
factious
Villains
of
their
own
Gang
,
being
preferred
to
their
places
;
who
leading
the
other
Citizens
by
the
noses
,
the
City
of
London
in
a
trice
became
obedient
to
the
Orders
of
the
Mock-Parliament
.
And
repeal
all
Laws
against
Heresies
and
Schisms
.
They
engage
the
Preachers
to
themselves
by
the
Kings
Rents
.
Punish
the
Gain-sayers
.
With
one
single
Vote
they
repeal
all
the
ancient
Laws
made
against
Sects
and
Schisms
.
They
deprive
the
Ministers
of
the
promised
Revenues
,
I
mean
,
of
Deans
and
Chapters
Lands
:
They
also
make
profession
of
easing
tender
Consciences
from
the
burthen
of
Tythes
,
assigning
some
thousands
a
year
out
of
the
Kings
Revenue
,
for
Stipends
and
Salaries
for
the
Preachers
;
that
so
they
might
be
at
the
beck
of
the
Republicans
,
and
be
at
length
by
Office
constrained
with
mutual
Assistance
and
Pay
to
conspire
against
Monarchy
.
Nay
,
it
was
debated
,
whether
they
should
not
for
some
time
shut
the
Church-doors
,
and
restrain
the
licentiousness
of
Presbyterians
:
but
milder
Councils
prevailing
,
some
having
been
imprisoned
,
&
others
threatned
with
death
,
all
are
commanded
upon
pain
of
Sequestration
to
refrain
from
Invectives
,
and
to
comply
with
their
Rulers
in
keeping
Fasts
and
Thanksgiving-days
,
and
whatever
else
concerned
the
affairs
of
the
Church
.
They
break
down
the
Kings
Arms
and
Statues
that
were
set
up
in
publick
places
,
and
put
up
their
own
instead
of
them
.
They
coyn
new
money
with
the
impression
of
a
Cross
and
Harp
,
as
the
Arms
of
England
and
Ireland
.
In
a
word
,
as
by
Law
,
and
in
full
right
,
they
invade
and
appropriate
to
themselves
all
the
Regalia
,
which
as
by
way
of
Sequestration
they
had
before
usurped
.
Sparing
no
body
.
From
henceforward
,
without
any
regard
to
Justice
and
Honesty
,
they
spare
neither
Sex
nor
any
Order
of
men
.
The
Kings
Children
who
remained
in
England
,
to
wit
,
the
Lady
Elizabeth
and
Henry
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
Princes
of
singular
accomplishments
of
Nature
,
are
many
ways
basely
used
by
them
.
Amongst
the
Regicides
it
was
moved
oftener
than
once
,
whether
they
had
not
better
put
her
out
Apprentice
to
a
Trade
,
that
she
might
get
her
living
,
than
to
breed
her
up
in
a
lazy
life
at
the
charge
of
the
Publick
.
From
the
gentle
tuition
of
the
Earl
of
N.
she
is
turned
over
to
the
severer
discipline
of
another
,
with
orders
,
that
when
there
was
no
occasion
for
it
,
she
should
not
be
treated
as
the
Daughter
of
a
King
:
Afterward
she
was
confined
to
Carisborough-Castle
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
under
the
custody
of
one
Mildmay
,
an
inspired
fool
,
but
implacable
enemy
to
the
Royal
Family
;
that
she
poor
Lady
,
thus
put
in
mind
of
her
Fathers
Imprisonment
and
Murder
,
being
already
consumptive
,
might
the
sooner
be
brought
to
her
end
.
And
indeed
,
when
through
the
irksomness
of
Prison
,
Grief
,
and
Sickness
,
she
visibly
and
daily
decayed
and
pined
away
,
the
inhumane
Traytors
deny
her
the
assistance
of
a
Physician
;
nay
,
the
Physician
whose
presence
she
earnestly
desired
,
they
so
frighten
from
his
duty
,
that
he
durst
not
wait
upon
her
.
She
being
dead
,
they
send
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
into
banishment
,
having
allowed
him
a
small
piece
of
money
(
that
I
may
not
omit
any
act
of
their
humanity
)
to
carry
him
over
into
Flanders
.
They
basely
treat
the
Countess
of
Carlisle
,
by
an
usage
unworthy
of
her
Sex
and
Quality
,
as
being
one
who
of
too
much
a
friend
before
,
was
now
become
an
Enemy
,
and
commit
her
to
the
Tower
of
London
.
Duke
Hamilton
and
the
Earl
of
Holland
,
who
now
too
lately
repented
their
having
been
the
first
of
the
Lords
and
chief
of
the
Factious
,
who
for
their
own
safety
,
had
too
much
served
the
times
against
the
King
,
and
of
the
Royal
Party
,
the
heroick
Lord
Capel
,
a
prime
Champion
both
for
his
King
and
Country
,
are
by
the
same
President
Bradshaw
,
who
dyed
red
with
Royal
bloud
,
knew
not
what
it
was
to
spare
the
bloud
of
other
men
,
in
the
same
Court
of
Justice
sentenced
to
lose
their
heads
.
Whom
the
Rebels
thought
fit
they
banished
,
and
seized
all
Estates
and
Inheritances
,
how
large
soever
,
at
their
own
discretion
.
There
was
a
debate
amongst
them
about
making
a
Law
,
that
whosoever
was
by
them
suspected
to
be
an
ill
willer
to
the
Commonwealth
,
or
an
enemy
to
the
Army
,
might
be
brought
to
a
tryal
before
a
Council
of
War
,
and
sentenced
by
them
as
they
thought
fit
.
Nay
,
they
order
the
stately
Fabricks
of
the
Royal
Houses
and
Palaces
,
to
be
thrown
down
,
that
Kings
for
the
future
might
not
have
a
house
of
their
own
to
cover
their
heads
under
;
God
any
stately
Temples
wherein
he
might
be
worshipped
,
or
the
Kingdom
any
publick
Structures
to
shew
its
magnificence
.
St.
Paul's
Church
in
London
,
that
of
Salisbury
,
and
the
Kings
house
of
Hampton-Court
,
Fabricks
that
may
compare
for
stateliness
with
the
best
of
Europe
,
with
much
ado
escaped
the
fury
of
their
desolating
hands
.
The
Government
committed
to
the
Council
of
forty
men
.
A
Council
of
forty
persons
is
erected
,
which
by
a
gentle
name
to
the
common
people
,
they
call
the
Keepers
of
the
Liberties
,
who
altogether
,
or
at
least
seven
of
the
number
,
had
the
full
administration
of
the
Commonwealth
.
Amongst
these
were
three
or
four
contemptible
Lords
,
Slaves
to
the
Republican
Faction
admitted
,
of
whom
Bradshaw
was
made
Head
,
with
the
Title
of
Lord
President
,
and
a
yearly
Salary
of
two
thousand
pounds
,
as
the
price
of
Regicide
.
A
subscription
is
enjoyned
.
Moreover
,
a
Writing
is
commanded
to
be
taken
by
all
,
whereby
they
were
bound
to
approve
whatsoever
the
Rebels
had
acted
against
the
King
and
Kingdom
.
Yet
when
many
had
refused
to
take
it
,
they
were
nevertheless
admitted
upon
this
condition
,
That
with
their
lives
and
fortunes
,
they
should
maintain
and
defend
for
the
future
,
the
State
and
Mock-Parliament
in
the
same
condition
they
were
.
Henceforward
none
of
the
secluded
Members
,
nor
of
those
who
had
withdrawn
,
were
admitted
into
the
House
,
unless
they
approved
underhand
the
late
Villanies
.
Nevertheless
,
they
command
all
to
appear
against
a
certain
day
,
or
otherways
to
be
excluded
for
ever
,
and
others
chosen
in
their
places
.
So
that
some
for
fear
of
Sequestration
,
and
I
know
not
what
hurt
and
damage
they
were
apprehensive
of
,
others
out
of
hopes
of
profit
to
be
got
in
publick
changes
,
by
a
base
temporizing
,
strike
in
with
the
Republican
Vsurpers
,
and
are
admitted
into
a
share
of
the
labour
and
danger
,
but
not
of
the
Government
.
About
the
same
time
the
secluded
Members
meet
in
Lincolns-Inne
to
consult
together
,
S.
inveighs
bitterly
against
the
Regicides
.
and
take
the
advice
of
S.
a
Lawyer
,
what
was
fittest
to
be
done
in
the
present
state
of
affairs
.
But
he
readily
gave
his
opinion
,
that
the
late
changes
were
made
against
the
tenor
of
the
Laws
,
the
Customs
and
Interest
of
the
Country
,
and
the
Dictates
of
right
Reason
;
and
that
no
commerce
could
be
kept
with
the
Usurpers
,
without
the
guilt
and
horrid
crime
of
Treason
:
and
indeed
he
frightened
many
of
the
Members
from
coming
to
the
House
,
who
could
never
afterward
be
brought
to
joyn
in
council
with
the
Regicides
.
Nevertheless
,
By
and
by
falls
off
to
the
same
Party
.
within
a
few
days
he
himself
became
a
leading-man
in
the
Rebel-Parliament
,
and
the
Council
of
the
Keepers
of
the
Liberties
,
and
submitted
to
their
Authority
:
nay
,
and
did
not
reject
the
place
of
Lord
Chief
Justice
of
the
Common
Pleas
,
conferred
upon
him
by
the
same
men
,
though
the
King
before
the
Troubles
had
honoured
him
with
the
title
of
his
Attorney-General
.
These
things
are
carried
on
under
pretext
of
speedy
setling
the
State
;
They
labour
to
establish
an
Oligarchy
.
The
Democraticks
oppose
it
.
but
in
reality
with
designe
to
secure
the
Government
to
themselves
:
to
whom
all
the
rest
almost
being
cow'd
into
a
submission
,
the
Popular
Republicans
onely
resist
.
These
demand
that
the
Representative
so
often
desired
and
so
often
promised
,
might
be
established
by
a
free
and
equal
election
of
the
people
,
the
Rump
of
the
Mock-Parliament
being
dismissed
.
Inveigh
,
In
Writings
and
Conferences
they
inveigh
against
the
arbitrary
dominion
of
the
Vsurpers
,
the
High
Court
of
Justice
,
Council
of
State
,
☞
or
of
the
Keepers
of
the
Liberties
,
as
onely
the
softer
names
of
a
harder
Tyranny
;
nay
,
they
cry
out
against
the
Kings
murder
as
unjust
,
and
committed
against
all
Law
and
just
Authority
;
that
the
People
had
changed
but
not
shaken
off
the
Yoke
;
that
they
had
rather
live
ten
years
under
the
government
of
the
worst
of
Kings
,
than
one
year
under
their
dominion
;
that
the
loins
of
King
Charles
were
lighter
than
their
little
finger
.
So
great
force
has
truth
,
as
that
it
draws
such
Expressions
even
from
the
unwilling
.
At
length
they
flie
to
Arms
,
Resist
with
Arms.
and
the
private
Souldiers
,
especially
the
Troopers
,
who
formerly
consented
with
them
in
most
things
,
being
everywhere
stirred
up
,
they
at
length
begin
to
gather
together
in
form
of
an
Army
.
But
the
Vsurpers
who
were
never
wanting
to
occasion
,
obviate
the
beginnings
;
and
under
pretext
of
composing
Differences
amongst
honest
men
,
who
minded
the
same
things
,
though
they
mutually
entertained
bad
opinions
one
of
another
,
having
corrupted
and
gained
some
of
them
to
their
Party
,
they
suddenly
fall
upon
the
rest
and
defeat
them
,
They
are
defeated
by
the
Vsurpers
.
disarm
the
Prisoners
,
and
having
caused
the
chief
Authors
of
the
Stirs
to
be
shot
,
and
others
to
be
punished
more
mildly
,
they
terrifie
all
the
rest
from
disturbing
for
the
future
the
Rulers
,
either
with
cutting
Truths
,
or
sharper
Arms.
Th●y
publish
a
Proclamation
,
that
no
man
should
accuse
them
of
Tyranny
.
The
Vsurpers
being
fixed
in
the
Saddle
,
publish
a
Proclamation
,
forbidding
all
men
to
accuse
them
of
Tyranny
,
to
object
any
thing
against
them
by
word
or
in
writing
,
or
to
attempt
any
alteration
,
under
pain
of
High-Treason
.
Appoint
a
Thanksgiving
.
They
appoint
a
solemn
Thanksgiving-day
to
render
publick
thanks
to
God
for
their
prosperous
success
against
the
Democraticks
,
that
so
by
mocking
of
God
,
they
might
the
more
easily
make
the
silly
people
rejoyce
in
their
Calamities
.
And
the
same
day
they
are
sumptuously
feasted
by
the
Mayor
and
Aldermen
of
London
,
Are
feasted
by
the
City
.
not
without
the
Reproaches
and
Curses
of
almost
all
the
Spectators
;
where
amidst
the
tears
and
miseries
of
a
great
many
that
perished
by
a
famine
that
then
raged
,
they
junket
it
deliciously
.
Fairfax
and
Cromwel
are
complemented
with
splendid
Presents
of
Gold
and
Silver
.
And
that
the
wretched
Citizens
might
not
seem
to
have
lost
all
their
labour
in
feeding
these
Ravens
,
they
bestow
upon
them
the
Kings
new
Park
,
Which
they
recompence
.
under
colour
of
making
them
some
recompence
for
their
late
Magnificence
;
but
in
reality
,
that
the
distracted
men
being
allured
by
the
sweetness
of
that
morcel
,
might
be
won
over
to
their
Party
,
and
wish
well
to
the
new
Government
.
Henceforward
there
is
nothing
to
them
sacred
or
holy
:
They
either
distribute
amongst
themselves
,
or
sell
at
easie
rates
the
Kings
Houshold-furniture
,
They
sell
the
Kings
Houses
,
Houshold-furniture
,
&c.
Lands
and
Houses
,
the
Revenues
and
Lands
of
the
Church
,
which
belonged
to
the
Deans
and
Chapters
,
and
which
remained
intire
till
now
by
the
Votes
of
both
Houses
of
Parliament
,
for
the
use
of
the
new
Clergy
,
or
Presbyterian
Ministry
:
That
by
these
arts
they
might
both
glut
their
own
Avarice
,
and
by
involving
many
in
the
same
guilt
with
themselves
,
make
them
firmer
to
their
Faction
.
Nor
being
yet
satiated
by
the
Crown
and
Church-lands
,
and
the
Estates
of
the
Noblemen
and
Gentlemen
,
who
disagreeing
from
them
,
made
up
the
far
greater
part
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
they
had
seized
long
ago
by
way
of
Sequestration
;
nor
by
the
Goods
and
Chattels
of
those
aforementioned
whom
they
had
plundered
,
and
the
vast
sums
of
money
which
those
that
had
been
for
the
King
dayly
paid
for
redeeming
their
Estates
,
and
purchasing
favour
;
they
daily
raise
an
incredible
quantity
of
money
from
the
Customs
and
the
Excise
,
(
a
Tax
which
before
would
not
have
been
endured
in
England
)
:
They
burden
the
people
with
most
heavy
Taxes
.
Not
to
mention
the
secret
Veins
of
Wealth
,
I
mean
Bribes
and
Gifts
,
which
those
that
stood
for
Places
or
had
business
and
Law-suits
,
slipt
privately
into
their
pockets
.
Nay
,
they
were
not
ashamed
to
flea
the
so-often
fleeced
people
by
a
most
heavy
Imposition
of
ninety
thousand
pounds
a
month
to
pay
the
idle
Souldiers
.
Invade
Ireland
;
However
,
the
spoils
and
government
of
one
Kingdom
was
not
enough
to
satisfie
them
;
they
invade
the
Irish
also
that
were
ready
to
submit
to
the
King
,
(
whom
whilst
they
were
Rebels
,
most
part
of
them
praised
,
few
at
least
did
hostilely
assault
them
)
promising
themselves
certain
victory
over
them
;
and
hoping
that
Ireland
being
subdued
,
they
might
easily
reduce
Scotland
and
France
,
as
being
divided
at
home
;
And
threatned
the
whole
world
.
and
many
of
them
had
the
confidence
openly
to
glory
,
that
they
would
break
that
Yoke
wherewith
the
Kings
of
the
Earth
oppress
the
People
.
Nor
truly
could
any
man
have
told
where
the
fierceness
of
this
Scourge
would
have
ended
,
and
where
that
Floud
would
have
spent
it self
,
unless
the
divine
Majesty
,
which
hath
hollowed
a
channel
for
the
Sea
,
set
bounds
and
limits
to
it
,
and
said
,
Hither
shalt
thou
come
,
and
no
further
,
had
not
opposed
the
over-swelling
pride
of
these
Waters
,
and
commanded
his
Angel
to
sound
the
Retreat
.
A
short
HISTORICAL
ACCOUNT
OF
THE
Rise
and
Progress
OF
THE
Late
Troubles
IN
ENGLAND
:
AND
ALSO
Of
the
KING's
Miraculous
Escape
after
the
Battel
at
Worcester
.
The
Second
Part.
NOW
are
the
Cruel
Regicides
Masters
of
England
,
The
state
of
Affairs
after
the
Regicide
,
in
England
,
Scotland
,
but
of
England
alone
.
The
Scots
were
in
suspence
,
not
being
,
as
yet
,
fully
resolved
,
whether
they
should
settle
Charles
the
Second
in
his
Fathers
Throne
,
or
,
usurping
the
Soveraignty
,
should
Govern
Scotland
as
a
Common-wealth
themselves
.
Ireland
,
Ireland
,
almost
entirely
for
the
King
,
was
ready
utterly
to
shake
off
the
Yoke
of
the
Mock
Parliament
.
And
the
Islands
belonging
to
England
.
The
Islands
belonging
to
England
,
not
only
the
adjacent
,
as
Jersey
,
Man
,
and
Silly
,
but
the
more
remote
also
in
America
,
to
wit
,
Bermudos
,
the
Caribbe
Islands
,
Virginia
,
and
New-England
,
upon
the
Continent
,
which
had
been
heretofore
planted
with
English
Colonies
,
refuse
to
obey
the
Usurpers
.
The
Regicides
resolving
the
worst
against
Ireland
,
Forbid
Trading
with
the
Islands
and
Plantations
,
and
for
what
end
.
Ireland
was
to
be
the
first
Seat
of
War
,
shortly
to
be
subdued
,
whilst
the
Scots
were
for
some
time
left
to
themselves
.
They
think
it
enough
at
present
,
to
discharge
all
Trading
with
the
Islands
and
Plantations
;
that
no
Sugar
,
Indico
,
Tobacco
,
and
Cotton
should
be
from
thence
imported
into
England
;
nor
any
Cloaths
,
and
other
necessary
Provisions
for
Life
,
be
transported
from
England
thither
;
hoping
,
by
this
Fetch
,
that
either
being
glutted
with
their
own
Commodities
,
or
at
least
pinched
through
the
want
of
ours
,
they
would
be
forced
to
comply
:
Nor
was
it
doubted
,
but
some
time
or
other
,
as
occasion
offered
,
they
would
bring
them
under
the
Yoke
.
Now
there
was
one
thing
mainly
necessary
for
their
future
Designs
,
which
(
as
they
were
pleased
to
flatter
themselves
)
was
easie
to
be
obtained
.
They
sooth
the
Dutch
.
The
Friendship
and
Alliance
of
no
Nation
,
nor
People
,
seemed
more
commodious
and
necessary
to
them
,
than
that
of
the
Dutch
,
both
in
respect
of
Neighbourhood
and
Situation
of
the
Country
,
and
of
the
Humour
and
Inclination
of
the
People
;
nor
did
they
want
a
pretext
of
making
application
to
them
.
For
Strikland
,
who
,
from
the
beginning
of
the
Troubles
,
had
been
Ambassadour
,
or
Envoy
with
the
States
of
the
Vnited
Provinces
,
being
kindly
treated
by
them
:
Dorislaus
being
sent
Ambassadour
,
They
thought
fit
to
send
over
Dorislaus
,
who
had
had
a
chief
hand
in
framing
the
Kings
Indictment
,
as
their
Ambassadour
,
And
for
what
purpose
:
to
Complement
and
Thank
them
in
their
Name
,
assure
them
of
mutual
good
Offices
,
justifie
to
them
by
Reasons
their
Proceedings
against
the
King
,
and
to
colour
the
Villany
by
the
specious
Authority
of
what
Laws
he
could
scrape
together
.
Besides
,
he
had
it
in
Instructions
(
if
he
found
it
convenient
)
to
let
fall
some
mention
of
a
Coalition
,
or
Conjunction
,
and
to
offer
and
press
it
;
seeing
if
it
could
be
effected
by
the
Consent
of
both
Nations
,
they
might
laugh
at
all
Designs
and
Attempts
of
Foreigners
,
and
share
betwixt
themselves
the
Trade
of
the
whole
World
.
But
that
Negotiation
proved
unsuccessful
,
But
without
success
:
the
Prince
of
Orange
being
Stat-holder
,
and
the
People
detested
the
Murder
of
the
King
.
Some
Scots
also
,
who
,
though
at
a
distance
,
had
speedy
notice
of
his
Arrival
,
entering
his
Lodgings
before
he
had
had
Audience
,
For
the
Ambassadour
is
killed
by
some
Scots
,
with
many
Wounds
killed
Dorislaus
,
and
made
their
escape
before
they
could
be
apprehended
.
Thus
the
shedding
of
Royal
Blood
is
punished
by
Bloody
hands
,
and
by
the
just
Judgment
of
God
,
And
that
with
safety
.
whatever
may
be
the
Injustice
of
Men
,
the
Crime
is
brought
home
to
the
Author
.
The
Regicides
often
demanded
of
the
States
Reparation
for
the
Fact
,
but
without
any
success
.
But
the
Democratical
Party
in
England
,
A
Petition
preserved
to
the
Regicides
by
the
Democratical
Party
;
managing
things
now
somewhat
more
cautiously
,
laid
not
aside
their
discontents
.
Walwin
,
Prince
,
Lilburn
,
Overton
,
and
others
of
that
Gang
,
prefer
a
Petition
to
the
Rump
Parliament
,
wherein
they
propose
many
good
things
,
which
might
be
useful
to
the
Publick
,
They
are
committed
to
P●●son
for
it
.
mingling
with
them
Reproaches
that
were
not
altogether
false
:
For
which
they
were
committed
to
Prison
,
there
to
lye
by
it
,
till
the
fierceness
of
their
tempers
were
allayed
.
Another
from
the
private
Souldiers
,
Nevertheless
,
the
private
Souldiers
of
Ingoldsby's
Regiment
grow
Seditious
at
Oxford
,
under
pretence
of
Petitioning
;
That
the
Rump-Parliament
might
be
dissolved
,
a
lawful
Representative
chosen
in
place
of
it
;
that
the
Laws
might
be
rendered
into
the
vulgar
Language
;
and
those
that
were
superfluous
abolished
;
that
there
might
be
a
Register
kept
of
all
Mens
Lands
and
Estates
;
that
every
one
might
know
what
Title
they
had
to
what
they
possessed
;
that
the
Excise
,
and
all
unlawful
Exactions
might
be
abolished
.
To
which
they
added
over
and
above
,
(
to
increase
their
Party
,
not
that
they
repented
for
the
Kings
Murder
,
)
that
Charles
the
Second
might
be
chief
Magistrate
of
the
Kingdom
.
But
the
Collonel
hastening
thither
,
Is
supprest
in
the
Birth
.
and
having
caused
some
few
to
be
shot
to
death
,
by
a
timely
remedy
stifled
the
Tumult
in
the
Birth
.
A
third
and
smarter
Petition
from
the
Officers
of
the
Army
;
Yet
from
these
Embers
a
new
Flame
broke
out
;
for
some
Officers
in
Fairfax
his
Army
,
present
a
smarter
Petition
to
the
same
purpose
,
though
in
different
words
.
To
the
former
they
add
,
That
the
Tithes
being
abolished
,
or
converted
to
another
use
,
the
Ministers
might
have
more
certain
Stipends
;
that
the
publick
Money
might
be
more
sparingly
distributed
amongst
the
Parliament
Men
;
and
that
the
Souldiers
should
have
their
pay
.
Which
the
Regicides
elude
,
The
Rump-Parliament
durst
not
slight
this
;
but
gives
them
good
words
,
and
being
conscious
to
themselves
,
how
often
they
,
by
Declarations
,
had
promised
,
and
how
many
times
they
had
been
reproached
with
unfaithfulness
and
breach
of
Promise
,
they
set
apart
a
day
weekly
for
deliberating
about
these
Proposals
.
First
,
Concerning
the
Government
and
Representative
,
where
having
examined
and
considered
the
Nature
of
all
States
and
Republicks
,
from
that
of
Rome
,
even
to
Ragusa
,
they
pretend
to
search
out
a
kind
of
Government
,
which
might
be
best
and
most
suitable
for
England
.
But
they
could
find
none
that
was
exquisit
enough
,
nor
that
seemed
adapted
to
the
Genius
of
this
People
.
And
so
,
like
Penelope
,
By
doing
much
to
no
purpose
.
weaving
and
unweaving
their
Web
,
they
put
off
the
time
,
until
the
matter
might
be
forgotten
,
or
something
of
greater
moment
intervene
.
I
know
not
whether
it
be
worth
the
while
here
to
mention
the
Prohibition
made
by
the
French
at
that
time
,
Some
Trade
with
us
,
Prohibited
by
the
French
:
of
any
Trade
with
us
in
Wollen
and
Linen
Manufacture
;
which
drew
from
the
Regicides
a
reciprocal
Prohibition
,
that
no
Wine
,
nor
Silk
Stuffs
should
from
thence
be
Imported
into
England
.
With
the
French
by
us
.
It
was
likewise
to
our
advantage
,
Ordered
in
Flanders
,
that
no
Ships
nor
Goods
taken
by
Privateers
,
should
be
Condemned
or
Sold
in
their
Harbours
.
But
it
is
worth
taking
notice
of
,
that
a
severer
Inquisition
was
appointed
against
the
Ministers
all
England
over
,
The
Ministers
of
the
Church
of
England
are
Persecuted
,
under
pretext
of
Reforming
the
Church
,
and
introducing
the
Orthodox
Religion
;
and
all
were
cruelly
persecuted
,
not
only
they
who
stuck
close
to
the
Doctrine
and
Discipline
of
the
Church
of
England
;
but
even
they
who
wished
well
to
it
,
or
had
any
Conversation
with
Men
of
that
Perswasion
:
Ignorant
men
in
the
mean
time
(
I
speak
of
the
generality
)
Laicks
,
Shepherds
,
and
men
void
of
all
Learning
,
being
put
into
the
Ministry
,
and
some
of
them
preferred
to
two
or
three
Livings
at
a
time
,
which
before
they
cryed
out
against
as
abominable
.
Especially
the
●elch
.
Let
North-Wales
be
one
Instance
for
all
of
that
Reformation
;
where
,
about
some
hundreds
,
and
of
these
not
a
few
Good
,
Grave
and
very
Learned
Divines
,
were
turned
out
of
their
Livings
:
And
Powell
,
Cradock
,
Floid
,
and
a
few
other
Ignorant
Vagabonds
that
had
no
certain
Habitation
,
going
about
in
the
mean
time
as
Itinerant
Evangelists
,
Preaching
,
or
rather
Canting
from
the
Pulpit
,
devoured
vast
Revenues
;
for
the
Commissaries
let
out
for
a
trifle
,
the
remnant
of
the
Tythes
for
feeding
such
Ravens
,
who
were
to
be
accountable
to
the
Rump-Parliament
for
them
at
Neversmass
.
The
rest
are
cherished
.
Moreover
,
the
Regicides
distribute
amongst
their
own
Clergy
the
Augmentations
,
which
were
the
residue
of
the
Tythes
,
and
of
Bishops
and
Deans
Rents
,
that
could
find
no
Purchasers
,
especially
amongst
those
who
had
not
an
hundred
Pounds
a
year
.
But
that
only
during
pleasure
,
and
for
a
time
,
that
they
might
have
them
at
their
beck
,
and
buy
the
Endeavours
,
Voices
,
and
Affections
of
so
many
men
;
and
that
they
also
being
more
vigilant
Spies
,
over
suspected
Persons
,
might
pry
into
their
Faults
,
their
Expressions
and
Councils
,
and
inform
them
of
all
.
An
Expedition
into
Ireland
,
under
the
Command
of
Cromwell
.
And
now
England
is
wholly
taken
up
in
preparations
for
a
War
in
Ireland
,
whither
Cromwell
is
sent
as
General
of
the
Army
.
He
having
Mustered
his
Men
,
hastens
his
March
to
the
Coast
,
and
filling
Bristol
,
Chester
,
and
Milford-Haven
with
Souldiers
,
prepares
for
his
Expedition
.
The
Reader
therefore
must
pass
over
with
me
into
Ireland
,
that
he
may
be
able
to
give
a
Judgment
of
the
Inhabitants
,
and
how
to
dispose
them
into
their
several
Ranks
,
that
he
may
discover
their
various
dispositions
,
and
the
ends
they
drove
at
.
The
Inhabitants
of
Ireland
are
either
Natives
or
Planters
:
The
Irish
are
ranked
into
several
classes
.
The
Native
Irish
.
And
these
last
either
Ancient
or
Late
.
Those
I
call
Natives
,
who
first
of
all
Inhabited
the
Island
,
or
were
descended
from
them
;
and
are
either
Noblemen
and
Gentlemen
:
Yeomen
and
Husbandmen
,
the
Roman
Catholick
Clergy
and
Bishops
;
with
other
Free
Denizens
.
The
Native
Nobles
,
either
wholly
enjoy
their
Ancient
Lands
;
or
,
being
subdued
by
the
Kings
of
England
,
and
for
their
Rebellion
forfeiting
part
of
their
Lands
,
enjoy
what
remains
,
and
Rent
the
rest
of
the
Proprietors
for
a
small
matter
.
These
live
in
the
Mountains
and
Woods
,
where
they
imperiously
domineer
over
their
Tenants
and
Vassals
;
and
know
exactly
the
Bounds
and
Limits
of
their
Lands
;
trusting
to
this
,
that
in
future
Revolutions
,
whatsoever
they
challenge
for
their
own
,
will
again
,
as
by
a
Postliminous
Right
,
return
to
them
as
to
the
lawful
Proprietors
and
Masters
.
The
Titular
Clergy
and
Bishops
(
for
we
must
know
that
those
of
the
Roman
Communion
have
their
own
Clergy
,
Priests
and
Bishops
,
secretly
appointed
by
the
Pope
,
who
live
only
upon
Charitable
Contributions
)
privately
perform
the
Duties
of
Religious
Worship
,
after
the
manner
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
in
the
same
manner
as
if
they
were
authorised
by
Law
,
and
were
not
contrary
to
our
Customs
;
His
Majesty
conniving
at
the
Errours
of
an
obstinate
and
stiff-necked
Nation
.
But
for
all
this
,
we
must
know
,
that
there
is
an
Orthodox
Clergy
also
all
over
Ireland
,
consisting
not
only
of
English
,
but
of
Irish
men
born
,
who
every
where
enjoy
the
Tythes
.
But
after
the
first
breaking
out
of
the
Rebellion
,
both
,
as
well
the
English
as
Natives
,
were
forced
to
flye
and
withdraw
.
The
greatest
part
are
Strangers
,
but
Free
Denizens
,
who
,
though
they
are
sprung
from
English
Race
,
yet
partly
by
Marriage
,
partly
being
Naturalized
,
through
long
Conversation
and
Custom
having
forgot
their
Original
Stock
,
are
in
Cloaths
,
Humour
,
and
Carriage
,
transformed
into
the
Manners
of
the
Natives
.
The
Pope's
Nuncio
head
of
the
Rebels
.
The
Chief
and
Head
of
all
these
,
though
a
Stranger
,
was
John
Baptista
Renuncio
,
Prince
and
Bishop
of
Firma
,
the
Popes
Nuncio
;
who
passing
through
France
on
his
Journey
to
Ireland
,
did
not
wait
upon
the
Queen
of
England
being
then
there
,
and
openly
threatned
,
that
he
would
suffer
no
man
to
remain
in
Ireland
that
wished
well
to
the
King
,
or
who
should
be
found
to
favour
the
English
or
their
Affairs
.
These
kindled
,
and
in
all
places
blew
the
Coals
of
Rebellion
,
and
,
that
the
Breach
might
not
be
made
up
again
,
used
all
means
by
Rapine
,
Murder
,
and
all
sorts
of
Villany
to
put
things
into
confusion
;
to
overthrow
the
Government
,
renounce
the
King
,
chuse
a
King
of
the
Ancient
Race
,
or
of
some
new
Family
,
whether
the
Pope
or
King
of
Spain
,
or
to
erect
a
new
Common-wealth
of
the
Clergy
and
Deputies
of
the
Nobles
.
Yet
I
must
except
Clanricard
,
Taff
,
and
some
few
more
;
who
though
they
were
zealous
Roman-Catholicks
,
Some
Catholick
Nobles
Loyal
to
the
King
.
yet
persevered
in
their
Loyalty
and
Obedience
to
the
King
.
Irish
Planters
.
Planters
I
call
all
those
,
who
being
of
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
,
from
the
time
of
Henry
II.
went
over
from
England
into
Ireland
,
and
in
a
continued
Succession
,
continued
there
until
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
.
These
also
being
privy
to
the
Conspiracy
,
whether
that
they
might
maintain
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
in
security
,
Why
they
fell
off
,
and
at
the
same
time
increase
their
civil
Jurisdictions
and
Immunities
,
or
carried
away
with
the
Tide
of
Rebellion
;
or
,
in
a
word
,
that
they
might
secure
themselves
and
their
Estates
in
a
common
Rapine
,
had
already
joyned
with
the
other
Papists
,
Being
before
most
Loyal
.
who
nevertheless
,
before
that
time
could
never
be
endured
to
pollute
themselves
with
such
barbarous
Cruelty
,
and
so
many
unparallell'd
Murders
,
or
to
fall
off
from
the
Government
of
England
.
They
who
lately
went
over
into
Ireland
about
the
latter
end
of
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
either
for
the
Wars
,
or
for
Planting
and
Setling
there
,
were
for
most
part
faithful
to
the
King
,
except
those
who
were
deluded
by
the
Authority
of
Parliament
,
or
infected
with
Presbytery
by
the
Neighbouring
Scots
.
A
Colony
of
Scots
transported
into
Vlster
,
The
Irish
Scots
,
by
Authority
from
King
James
,
had
encreased
to
the
number
of
forty
thousand
Families
.
These
in
the
beginning
of
the
Troubles
,
following
the
Ceremonies
of
their
Country-men
,
sided
with
the
Parliament
.
But
King
Charles
being
beheaded
,
and
the
English
Monarchy
quite
overturned
,
Now
fight
for
the
King
.
they
changed
their
minds
,
and
set
themselves
valiantly
upon
revenge
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Earl
of
Ards
,
Collonel
Monro
,
Audley
Mervin
,
and
Sir
Robert
Stewart
.
Coot
Governour
of
Derry
,
Monck
of
Dundalk
,
Coot
,
Monck
,
and
Jones
,
stand
for
the
Rump-Parliament
,
and
Principally
Jones
Governour
of
Dublin
,
stood
for
the
Rump-Parliament
.
But
O-brian
Earl
of
Inchiqueen
Governour
of
Munster
,
Inchiqueen
for
the
King
.
with
that
whole
Province
,
and
all
his
Forces
,
who
had
sworn
to
be
true
to
the
King
and
Parliament
jointly
,
after
the
Murder
of
the
King
renouncing
the
Rump-Parliament
,
declare
now
for
the
King
alone
,
Hitherto
we
have
taken
pains
to
describe
the
various
Inclinations
,
Designs
,
and
Purposes
of
the
Irish
,
now
let
us
see
by
what
Orphean
Harp
or
Charm
,
they
were
united
into
one
.
In
the
first
Part
we
told
you
,
how
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
was
forced
by
the
treachery
of
the
Irish
,
How
the
Royalists
joyned
together
.
to
deliver
up
to
Jones
,
Dublin
with
the
whole
Garrison
,
and
all
that
continued
in
their
Duty
.
From
that
time
the
Pope's
Nuncio
Commanded
in
Chief
,
except
in
those
places
which
were
under
Jones
,
Coot
,
and
Monck
,
which
espoused
the
Party
of
the
Rump-Parliament
.
He
took
to
himself
the
whole
Power
,
made
Laws
,
pronounced
Judgments
,
The
arrogance
of
the
Pope's
Nuncio
was
his
ruine
,
drew
up
and
mustered
Armies
,
managed
the
War
,
and
imposed
money
,
with
an
absolute
and
despotick
Authority
.
But
by
this
means
he
became
both
hated
and
despised
,
so
that
having
received
one
blow
after
another
(
especially
Preston's
Forces
being
defeated
by
Jones
,
And
the
cause
of
Preston's
defeat
.
The
Vnion
of
the
Irish
in
favour
of
the
King
.
Who
humbly
dedesire
the
Queen
and
Prince
of
Wales
to
send
over
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
with
supplies
and
Authority
.
he
grew
weak
both
in
Men
and
Authority
.
This
opportunity
was
laid
hold
upon
by
Clanricard
,
who
Commanded
one
Army
in
Vlster
,
and
Taff
who
Commanded
another
in
Munster
,
who
having
consulted
with
Inchiqueen
,
resolved
upon
it
as
the
most
expedient
course
,
to
implore
the
Royal
Assistance
again
,
Unite
together
into
one
,
and
to
send
forthwith
to
the
Queen
and
Prince
of
Wales
to
acquaint
them
with
what
they
had
done
;
confessing
that
the
Truce
was
not
faithfully
observed
,
and
discovering
those
by
whose
fault
and
instigation
it
was
broken
:
They
moreover
most
humbly
beg
,
that
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
may
be
sent
over
with
Authority
and
Supplies
,
and
engage
upon
conditions
which
were
not
disliked
by
the
King
,
to
fight
under
his
Banner
,
till
the
broken
Forces
of
the
Rump-Parliament
should
be
utterly
destroyed
,
and
his
Majesty
and
they
themselves
fully
restored
to
their
former
peace
.
The
Popes
Nuncio
suspecting
that
matters
would
fall
out
so
,
The
Nuncio
frets
,
and
that
the
storm
which
his
Government
had
raised
,
would
break
over
his
own
head
,
forbids
any
farther
Treaty
,
threatens
the
Contraveeners
with
dire
Punishments
;
and
at
length
strikes
those
that
persisted
in
their
purpose
,
with
the
usual
Weapon
of
Excommunication
.
But
that
blunt
Thunderbolt
scared
no
body
;
And
being
besieged
,
for
they
march
against
him
,
and
besiege
him
in
the
Town
of
Galloway
:
Whilst
,
in
the
mean
time
,
the
Lord
O-brian
diverts
the
Succours
that
Ouen-Ro-Oneal
designed
to
bring
to
his
Party
.
Capitulates
for
a
departure
.
Then
the
Pope's
Nuncio
despairing
of
relief
,
capitulated
for
a
dishonourable
Retreat
,
and
departed
.
Whilst
these
matters
were
acting
,
the
Glorious
King
Charles
the
First
,
Murdered
by
the
Hands
of
Rebel
Parricides
,
Crowned
his
Death
with
Martyrdome
.
Nevertheless
,
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
being
rid
of
that
difficulty
,
Ormond
coming
to
Kilkenny
,
where
a
general
meeting
of
the
Irish
was
held
,
they
come
to
Articles
of
agreement
.
and
having
a
new
Commission
and
Instructions
from
King
Charles
the
Second
,
repairs
to
Corke
,
and
shortly
after
to
Kilkenny
,
where
a
Parliament
,
or
Convention
of
the
States
of
Ireland
was
then
kept
;
and
after
long
Debates
on
each
side
,
they
came
to
a
great
many
Articles
of
Agreement
;
of
which
,
this
was
the
substance
.
After
a
Recognition
,
whereby
they
owned
his
Majesty
for
Soveraign
,
and
lawful
King
of
Ireland
,
and
that
they
would
to
the
utmost
defend
him
with
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
;
they
agree
,
That
the
King
should
give
the
Irish
free
liberty
of
their
Religion
.
That
if
it
seemed
fit
to
the
Deputies
or
Commissioners
,
(
who
were
appointed
to
the
number
of
eighteen
)
a
Parliament
should
be
called
within
two
Months
,
wherein
Papists
as
well
as
others
should
have
liberty
of
free
Voting
;
and
that
the
King
shall
confirm
their
Acts
,
provided
they
be
not
grievous
to
Protestants
.
All
Acts
and
Decrees
past
since
August
1641
,
that
might
be
dishonorable
to
the
Irish
Nation
,
shall
be
repealed
.
That
all
Law
Suits
,
Sentences
,
Actions
,
or
Processes
commenced
or
determined
since
that
time
,
be
wholly
abolished
,
and
that
the
Irish
be
restored
to
the
Lands
and
Estates
whereof
they
had
been
dispossessed
.
That
all
Impediments
be
removed
,
that
were
wont
to
barr
the
Irish
Papists
from
sitting
in
Parliament
.
That
all
Debts
be
reckoned
to
be
in
the
same
state
as
they
were
in
,
in
the
Year
1641
,
and
that
no
body
be
molested
nor
troubled
upon
that
account
.
That
the
Lands
of
the
Barons
and
Nobles
in
the
Counties
of
Toumond
,
Clare
,
Tipperrary
,
Limmerick
,
Kilkenny
,
and
Wicklo
,
be
adjudged
to
the
ancient
Possessors
,
and
their
Titles
made
good
by
new
Acts.
That
Inns
be
Erected
for
the
Students
in
Law
,
wherever
the
Lord
Lieutenant
shall
think
convenient
;
and
where
Degrees
also
in
the
Law
may
be
taken
,
as
well
as
in
England
.
That
Places
and
Titles
of
Honour
,
and
beneficial
Offices
,
may
be
free
both
to
Papists
and
Protestants
.
That
the
use
and
Exercise
of
Arms
,
Commands
,
and
Governments
,
may
be
in
the
power
of
the
same
;
and
that
during
the
War
,
five
thousand
Irish
Foot
,
and
two
thousand
Horse
be
kept
in
pay
.
That
the
Court
of
Wards
be
abolished
,
and
in
lieu
of
it
,
twelve
thousand
pounds
a
year
payed
into
the
Kings
Exchequer
.
That
no
Peer
have
liberty
to
Vote
by
Proxy
:
That
the
Nobles
be
obliged
within
five
years
to
purchase
Lands
,
a
Baron
to
the
value
of
two
hundred
pounds
a
year
,
a
Viscount
four
hundred
,
an
Earl
six
hundred
,
a
Marquess
,
eight
hundred
,
and
a
Duke
a
thousand
.
That
they
may
be
free
to
treat
of
the
independance
of
the
Parliament
of
Ireland
,
upon
that
of
England
.
That
those
of
the
Kings
Privy-Council
shall
meddle
with
no
Affairs
,
but
the
Publick
:
That
Suits
about
Titles
be
referred
to
the
Judges
of
the
Kingdom
,
to
whom
it
belongs
to
try
them
.
That
the
Acts
against
the
Exportation
of
Irish
Wool
,
Tallow
,
and
other
Goods
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
be
repealed
.
That
they
who
have
been
under
any
pretext
,
Fined
,
or
Punished
,
in
the
County
of
Ulster
,
since
the
first
of
King
James
,
shall
be
relieved
according
to
Equity
.
That
the
Inhabitants
and
Citizens
of
Corke
,
Youghal
,
and
Dungarban
,
be
restored
to
their
Possessions
,
that
they
were
turned
out
of
in
the
beginning
of
the
War
,
provided
they
give
Security
for
their
Loyalty
,
and
that
they
shall
not
be
troublesome
to
the
Garrisons
.
That
an
Act
of
Oblivion
be
past
,
of
all
things
before
committed
,
those
excepted
,
who
stand
guilty
of
Barbarous
and
Inhumane
Crimes
.
That
it
be
lawful
to
none
of
the
Nobles
to
Farm
the
Customes
.
That
Laws
be
made
against
Monopolies
.
That
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Court
called
,
Castle-Chamber
,
—
be
moderated
.
That
the
Law
be
abrogated
,
which
ordained
,
That
Horses
should
not
draw
the
Plow
by
the
Tail
,
and
that
the
Straw
should
not
be
burnt
to
separate
the
Corn
from
it
.
That
Law
Suits
about
Sea
Matters
,
shall
be
decided
in
the
Chancery
of
Ireland
.
That
,
for
the
future
,
all
Actions
,
about
the
want
of
Title
,
shall
be
suppressed
,
if
the
owners
have
from
ancient
times
possessed
the
Lands
by
any
Right
.
That
also
all
Interest
for
Moneys
,
since
the
beginning
of
the
Troubles
,
be
discharged
,
and
that
,
for
the
following
years
,
it
exceed
not
five
per
Cent.
a
Year
.
That
the
Deputies
or
Commissioners
shall
impose
sufficient
Taxes
,
for
carrying
on
the
War
,
both
by
Sea
and
Land
;
either
by
way
of
Excise
,
or
any
other
way
,
that
they
shall
judge
most
convenient
for
the
Publick
.
That
Justices
of
the
Peace
shall
have
Power
to
determine
Suits
,
under
the
value
of
ten
Shillings
.
That
the
Governours
of
the
Popish
Perswasion
,
enjoy
the
Governments
and
Commands
that
they
are
at
present
in
possession
of
.
That
the
Tenths
of
taken
Ships
,
and
Impositions
upon
Commodities
,
shall
remain
in
the
hands
of
those
to
whom
they
have
been
granted
,
until
further
order
be
taken
about
all
these
things
.
That
the
Commission
of
Oyer
and
Terminer
,
Grand
Assizes
,
and
Goal-delivery
,
shall
have
Power
,
according
to
the
standing
Laws
,
of
punishing
Murders
,
Felony
,
Thefts
,
and
Robberies
,
until
the
twentieth
of
May
following
.
That
Courts
be
established
,
according
to
the
Will
and
Pleasure
of
the
Deputies
,
or
Commissioners
,
in
matters
belonging
to
themselves
.
That
the
Romish
Priests
,
who
behave
themselves
modestly
,
shall
not
at
all
be
molested
;
but
shall
enjoy
the
Salaries
paid
them
by
the
Laicks
for
their
maintenance
,
and
the
enclosures
of
the
ancient
demolished
Monasteries
and
Abbeys
.
As
to
other
matters
,
that
the
King
,
with
consent
of
his
Parliament
,
shall
order
them
.
For
expeding
of
those
Conditions
,
the
Papists
chose
about
fifteen
Deputies
,
or
Commissioners
,
that
,
as
so
many
Mediators
,
betwixt
the
King
and
the
People
,
they
might
bring
back
the
Confirmation
of
them
.
So
dear
did
a
frail
and
transitory
Peace
with
Rebels
cost
the
King
.
But
necessity
is
a
prevalent
Orator
,
that
perswades
Men
even
to
unbeseeming
,
and
,
many
times
,
to
dishonourable
Resolutions
.
Nevertheless
,
the
Lord
Lieutenant
,
whether
willingly
,
or
unwillingly
,
agrees
to
these
Articles
.
And
the
Peace
is
instantly
proclaimed
by
the
Heralds
.
But
Ouen
Ro-Oneal
,
and
the
Native
Irish
,
Ouen-Ro-Oneal
,
Jones
,
and
some
oth●rs
,
find
fault
with
the
A●ticles
of
Pacification
.
that
were
on
his
side
,
refused
to
acquiesce
to
these
Conditions
of
Pacification
,
under
pretext
,
that
their
Religion
was
not
sufficiently
secured
.
Jones
also
,
and
others
,
find
fault
with
the
Commissions
,
as
too
ample
,
and
(
as
they
gave
it
out
)
unseasonable
;
and
that
likewise
they
were
patcht
up
with
the
King
,
without
the
Authority
of
Parliament
.
But
the
Lord
Ards
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Scots
,
who
abominating
the
Rump-Parliament
,
first
favoured
,
and
then
struck
in
with
the
Kings
Party
,
bestir
themselves
bravely
in
taking
in
the
Castles
and
Garrisons
,
which
held
out
for
the
Rebels
in
Vlster
.
The
Lord
Lieutenant
being
General
,
in
the
mean
time
,
had
many
and
great
Affairs
to
mind
.
The
Lord
Deputy
,
also
General
of
the
Forces
,
sets
about
a
d●fficult
work
.
Men
,
Arms
,
Money
,
Ammunition
,
and
all
Military
Provisions
are
wanting
;
which
nevertheless
were
to
be
raised
amongst
Men
of
contrary
Interests
,
different
Perswasions
,
and
who
mutually
hated
one
another
.
The
English
,
indeed
,
were
of
themselves
ready
to
undergo
any
danger
;
but
they
were
but
few
in
number
,
and
of
bad
Correspondence
with
the
Irish
,
by
reason
of
their
ancient
Feuds
and
Animosities
:
And
suspecting
their
Courage
,
no
less
than
their
Loyalty
,
they
decline
to
serve
with
them
under
the
same
Ensigns
.
The
Irish
again
being
in
a
great
part
Treacherous
,
Bloody
,
and
Perfidious
,
divided
amongst
themselves
into
several
Factions
,
were
more
apt
to
sheathe
their
Swords
in
one
anothers
Bowels
,
than
to
fight
against
the
Common
Enemy
.
Nevertheless
by
his
own
Presence
,
Wisdom
,
Diligence
,
and
at
his
own
Charges
,
being
assisted
with
seven
or
eight
trusty
Commanders
,
he
luckily
mastered
all
these
difficulties
.
He
found
the
Magazines
of
Ireland
exhausted
,
the
Treasury
empty
,
and
the
Citizens
and
Inhabitants
,
in
whose
Hands
was
all
the
money
of
the
Kingdom
,
very
unwilling
and
sparing
to
contribute
,
and
the
Roman
Clergy
opposing
and
undermining
his
Designs
.
Wherefore
in
the
beginning
he
got
together
a
small
Army
,
And
at
length
raiseth
an
Army
.
which
being
increased
in
number
by
the
conjunction
of
Inchiqueens
Forces
,
and
the
rest
of
the
English
his
fellow
Souldiers
,
for
the
first
Months
he
provided
them
pay
either
of
his
own
money
,
or
what
he
could
borrow
from
others
.
And
marches
against
Jones
Governour
of
Dublin
.
Thus
being
pretty
well
provided
with
Men
and
Ammunition
,
he
marches
through
Queens
County
streight
against
Jones
,
and
by
the
way
,
takes
in
some
Castles
belonging
to
Ouen-Ro-Oneal
,
of
which
the
most
remarkable
were
Kildare
and
Talboth
.
Jones
having
had
certain
intelligence
of
this
March
,
advanced
to
meet
the
Lord
Lieutenant
:
But
being
informed
by
his
Spies
,
that
he
was
coming
with
a
greater
Army
,
than
he
was
able
to
encounter
,
and
distrusting
his
own
Souldiers
,
he
forthwith
returns
to
Dublin
.
The
Lord
Deputy
,
in
the
mean
time
,
passes
the
River
Liff
—
where
having
called
a
Council
of
Inchiqueen
,
Taff
,
Dillo
,
Preston
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Principal
Commanders
,
they
consult
what
was
best
to
be
done
;
whether
they
should
besiege
Dublin
,
or
,
directing
their
course
another
way
,
take
the
Towns
about
,
or
else
rather
block
up
the
City
,
and
at
the
same
time
have
an
eye
upon
the
other
places
.
Which
place
,
after
a
Council
of
War
,
he
first
views
.
Being
as
yet
doubtful
what
to
do
,
they
advance
to
view
Dublin
,
and
so
to
take
a
resolution
upon
the
spot
.
But
Jones
expected
them
with
an
Army
without
the
Walls
,
but
under
the
Cannon
of
the
Town
.
Both
Armies
were
drawn
up
,
but
without
any
Skirmishing
.
That
night
the
Lord
Deputy
Quartred
at
Finglass
,
Jones
preparing
for
a
defence
,
sends
the
superfluous
Cavalry
to
Drogheda
;
three
miles
distant
from
Dublin
:
Next
day
all
the
Papists
,
both
Men
and
Women
,
that
were
unfit
for
War
,
are
thrust
out
of
the
Town
;
and
the
Cavalry
that
were
needless
in
the
Siege
,
are
sent
to
Drogheda
,
at
the
mouth
of
the
River
of
Boin
,
that
they
might
incommode
the
Enemy
in
the
Rere
,
and
take
care
to
send
Provisions
into
the
place
.
So
soon
as
the
Lord
Lieutenant
had
notice
of
this
,
he
sends
the
Lord
Inchiqueen
,
Who
are
forthwith
pursued
by
Inchiqueen
,
Lieutenant-General
,
to
pursue
Jones's
Horse
,
and
if
opportunity
offered
,
to
take
in
the
Towns
on
all
hands
.
In
the
mean
time
he
thought
it
not
convenient
to
divide
his
Army
,
but
to
encamp
and
entrench
himself
with
his
whole
Forces
near
Dublin
,
that
he
might
intercept
the
Provisions
going
into
the
place
,
and
entice
the
Souldiers
and
Citizens
to
desert
it
;
not
doubting
but
that
the
Souldiers
would
be
easily
inclinable
to
do
so
,
Affairs
being
doubtful
,
his
Neighbourhood
affording
opportunity
,
and
the
City
being
straitned
for
want
of
Provisions
;
and
the
rather
knowing
,
that
most
of
the
Souldiers
who
were
in
Garrison
had
formerly
sworn
to
be
true
to
him
.
This
he
found
to
be
a
successful
resolution
;
for
about
two
thousand
by
stealth
,
and
as
every
one
best
could
,
taking
occasion
to
get
out
,
came
over
to
his
Camp
.
Nay
,
he
was
not
wanting
to
essay
Jones
himself
,
by
many
fair
Promises
which
he
made
him
one
after
another
.
But
he
,
that
he
might
oppose
Art
to
Art
,
having
threatned
the
Deserters
with
most
severe
Punishments
,
pretended
a
willingness
to
comply
with
honourable
Conditions
,
and
shuffled
off
the
Treaty
with
shifts
and
delays
,
though
sometimes
he
seemed
to
be
at
a
stand
and
uncertain
what
to
do
.
However
he
sent
private
intelligence
to
the
Rump-Parliament
,
and
the
General
,
in
what
dangerous
straits
he
was
;
earnestly
beseeching
them
to
hasten
the
sending
him
Relief
.
In
the
mean
time
he
surrounds
the
Walls
,
views
the
Works
,
repairs
what
is
defective
,
casts
up
new
Works
,
plants
Palisadoes
,
drives
sharp
Stakes
into
the
ground
;
and
did
what
lay
in
his
power
to
fortifie
the
place
:
Nay
,
and
having
sallied
out
upon
the
Enemies
Camp
near
Finglass
,
he
took
,
amongst
other
Prisoners
,
a
Relation
of
his
own
,
whom
,
for
a
terrour
to
all
others
,
that
they
might
not
desert
,
he
caused
to
be
hanged
.
Inchiqueen
on
his
part
,
falls
in
upon
a
Troop
of
Jones's
Horse
,
And
being
partly
slain
and
taken
,
and
partly
made
to
fly
to
Drogheda
,
in
a
short
time
he
took
the
Town
it self
,
and
beat
them
in
their
Quarters
;
and
next
morning
pursuing
the
rest
,
that
were
Commanded
by
the
Younger
Coot
,
he
easily
put
them
to
the
rout
;
so
that
most
part
of
them
being
either
killed
or
taken
,
he
pursues
the
rest
as
far
as
Drogheda
;
in
which
place
the
Souldiers
and
Towns-People
being
put
into
great
consternation
,
in
a
Weeks
time
he
reduced
it
under
his
own
power
.
About
the
same
time
the
Lieutenant-Gederal
Inchiqueen
had
notice
given
him
of
an
Agreement
betwixt
Ouen-Ro-Oneal
and
Monck
made
at
Dundalk
,
whereby
all
necessary
Provisions
,
Powder
,
Shot
,
and
Mony
were
to
be
furnished
for
the
relief
of
Derry
,
blockt
up
by
the
Lord
Ards
and
Scots
;
and
that
Ouen
afterward
should
make
an
Inrode
into
Leinster
and
Munster
,
that
by
this
Stratagem
he
might
draw
off
the
Lord
Lieutenant
from
the
Siege
of
Dublin
.
And
beats
Farell
upon
his
return
from
relieving
of
Derry
.
To
put
this
in
Execution
,
Farell
is
Commanded
out
with
five
hundred
Foot
,
and
three
hundred
Horse
.
But
Inchiqueen
waiting
for
him
in
his
return
,
charged
him
,
routed
him
,
and
obtained
the
Booty
he
intended
After
that
,
having
received
fresh
recruits
of
Men
,
he
besieges
Dundalk
,
Takes
Dundalk
,
which
notwithstanding
Moncks
resistance
,
the
Souldiers
delivered
up
after
two
days
Siege
,
And
other
Towns
,
with
all
the
Artillery
and
Ammunition
:
And
being
thus
encouraged
by
the
Smiles
of
Fortune
,
and
chusing
rather
to
make
advantage
of
his
Victories
,
than
to
enjoy
them
,
he
reduced
,
Green-Castle
,
Neury
and
Trim.
After
which
good
Services
,
And
victoriously
returns
to
the
Lord
Lieutenant
.
he
returns
to
the
Lord
Lieutenant
,
having
left
Garrisons
in
the
places
he
had
taken
,
better
provided
of
Men
,
Mony
,
and
Ammunition
,
than
before
.
But
seeing
we
have
in
this
place
made
mention
of
Ouen-Ro-Oneal
,
it
is
fit
we
relate
a
great
Action
of
his
,
before
we
continue
the
History
of
the
Siege
of
Dublin
.
The
Lord
Ards
,
with
the
other
Commanders
,
had
driven
all
the
English
Forces
out
of
Vlster
;
only
Derry
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Elder
Coot
,
remaining
,
which
could
give
them
any
molestation
.
It
is
a
City
seated
upon
Logh
Foyle
,
where
it
contracts
it self
into
narrower
compass
,
and
is
on
each
side
beautified
with
goodly
Meadows
and
Pastures
,
as
the
Water
is
inriched
with
Fishes
.
Heretofore
a
Colony
of
English
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Colonel
Docwray
,
was
there
established
;
and
many
Londoners
flocking
thither
afterwards
,
it
was
called
London-Derry
;
the
delightfulness
of
which
place
,
drew
to
it
so
vast
a
number
of
Inhabitants
,
that
it
became
,
without
Controversie
,
London-Derry
straitned
by
Ards
,
the
chief
City
of
Vlster
.
Ards
used
all
diligence
to
reduce
this
last
place
,
but
not
by
Storm
,
Approaches
,
or
Mines
,
but
by
Building
new
Forts
,
or
taking
those
that
were
round
it
,
that
so
intercepting
all
Relief
by
Sea
and
Land
,
it
might
at
length
be
forced
to
surrender
.
And
,
indeed
,
Provisions
being
exhausted
,
and
all
other
necessaries
wanting
,
they
had
been
reduced
to
utmost
straits
,
had
not
Ouen-Ro-Oneal
,
in
the
very
nick
of
extremity
,
and
when
the
Garrison
were
at
the
last
gasp
,
brought
them
succour
.
For
he
,
though
he
had
been
,
in
a
late
overthrow
,
sufficiently
bang'd
by
Inchiqueen
,
yet
hastens
with
five
thousand
Foot
,
and
four
hundred
Horse
,
to
snatch
the
City
out
of
the
Jaws
of
the
Enemy
;
Is
relieved
by
Ouen-Ro-Oneal
,
which
,
indeed
,
he
performed
very
successfully
and
seasonably
.
For
swift-flying
Fame
having
brought
the
news
of
his
approach
,
Ards
thought
it
safer
presently
to
draw
off
his
Army
,
than
rashly
to
sight
this
Enemy
,
that
had
the
English
in
the
City
to
assist
him
,
and
leave
Garrisons
in
Convenient
places
,
that
might
curb
and
block
up
the
Town
,
till
upon
Ouen's
departure
,
the
Siege
might
be
renewed
again
.
But
Ouen
,
with
the
joint
assistance
of
the
Besieged
,
takes
in
all
the
Neighbouring
Forts
,
and
restored
distressed
London-Derry
to
full
liberty
.
Now
the
Reader
is
to
take
notice
what
Reward
he
had
from
the
Rump-Parliament
,
Who
made
an
Agreement
with
Coot
and
Monck
,
to
be
Confirmed
by
the
Rump-Parliament
.
for
so
important
an
Action
.
He
had
made
an
Agreement
in
writing
,
Signed
and
Sealed
,
with
Coot
and
Monck
,
for
relieving
London-Derry
,
in
name
of
the
Rump-Parliament
,
which
was
sent
into
England
to
be
Confirmed
by
the
Members
.
Letters
were
likewise
sent
in
Favour
of
Ouen
,
commending
and
extolling
him
for
a
Just
Enemy
;
a
strict
observer
of
his
Faith
,
a
Man
of
Constancy
and
Resolution
,
and
true
to
his
word
,
and
who
,
if
they
thought
it
fit
,
would
be
very
useful
to
their
Cause
.
And
both
of
them
flatter
him
with
hopes
,
as
if
there
were
no
doubt
to
be
made
of
the
Consent
of
the
Rump-Parliament
.
The
Rump-Parliament
trifled
away
time
in
deliberating
about
these
Conditions
,
until
they
might
have
intelligence
of
the
overthrow
of
Ormond
,
and
of
the
Successes
of
Cromwel
.
And
yet
is
ignominiously
rejected
.
And
then
they
reject
Ouen-Ro-Oneal
;
thanking
Coot
and
Monck
for
their
Faithfulness
,
and
good
Services
they
had
rendred
to
the
Parliament
.
But
without
longer
digression
,
let
us
return
to
Dublin
,
and
Inchiqueen
,
who
having
performed
Actions
beyond
expectation
,
returned
triumphantly
to
Finglass
,
where
the
Lord
Lieutenant
had
settled
his
Camp
.
A
Council
of
War
being
held
there
,
it
was
resolved
to
besiege
Dublin
;
but
yet
to
try
first
if
they
could
reduce
it
by
Hunger
,
rather
than
by
a
Storm
and
Assault
,
lest
that
Royal
City
,
and
Capital
of
all
Ireland
,
might
be
Sackt
,
or
Burnt
by
the
enraged
Souldiers
;
and
Friends
and
Foes
be
equally
destroyed
.
Dublin
is
besieged
.
It
was
therefore
thought
fit
to
attack
it
on
both
sides
;
and
for
that
end
,
the
Lord
Dillo
being
left
with
five
hundred
Horse
,
and
two
thousand
Foot
,
to
block
up
the
North
and
farther
side
of
the
City
,
the
Lord
Lieutenant
himself
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Army
,
crossing
the
River
,
lies
down
upon
the
other
and
South
side
of
it
.
But
whilst
they
are
passing
over
to
go
to
Rathmecus
,
(
where
the
River
being
narrower
,
afforded
a
more
convenient
place
for
building
a
Fort
,
to
hinder
Importations
into
the
Town
)
the
English
Fleet
comes
in
view
,
with
relief
to
the
Besieged
;
Reynolds
and
Venables
bring
relief
from
England
.
wherein
were
embarked
Colonel
Reynolds
,
Commander
of
the
Horse
,
and
Venables
,
who
had
the
Command
,
not
only
of
his
own
Foot
,
but
also
of
the
Regiment
newly
raised
by
Monck
and
others
.
They
,
all
in
Health
and
good
Plight
,
had
set
Sail
from
Chester
;
and
,
with
a
prosperous
Wind
,
arrived
at
Dublin
,
bringing
with
them
all
necessary
Provisions
.
With
them
also
came
no
small
number
of
Temporizers
,
The
Lord
Lieutenant
being
informed
by
Deserters
,
that
Cromwel
was
to
Sail
to
Munster
,
who
presently
flying
over
to
the
Royal
Camp
,
give
it
out
for
a
certain
,
that
no
more
Men
were
to
come
to
the
relief
of
Dublin
;
but
that
the
whole
English
Army
was
to
sail
to
Munster
,
where
it
was
clear
,
that
many
of
their
Friends
,
and
not
a
few
of
Inchiqueens
Men
,
who
loved
changes
,
would
joyn
with
them
.
He
resolves
to
send
thither
Inchiqueen
,
with
the
greatest
part
of
his
Forces
,
So
soon
as
the
Lord
Lieutenant
heard
this
,
he
forthwith
designs
Inchiqueen
for
Munster
,
with
the
choicest
of
his
Foot
,
and
almost
the
whole
Horse
,
with
orders
to
oppose
the
Enemy
,
incourage
and
confirm
the
Province
,
and
to
beware
of
those
whose
Fidelity
and
Honesty
was
suspected
.
And
with
the
rest
to
block
up
Dublin
,
and
intercept
Provisions
.
He
,
in
the
mean
time
,
resolved
to
raise
the
Siege
,
and
encamp
his
Souldiers
at
some
distance
,
in
two
or
three
distinct
Camps
,
where
being
strongly
entrenched
,
they
might
assist
one
another
,
if
occasion
required
,
watch
the
Enemy's
motion
,
and
hinder
Provisions
from
being
conveyed
into
the
Town
.
But
at
the
very
instant
,
The
Commanders
allured
with
the
h●pes
of
Booty
,
obtain
first
leave
to
straiten
the
Besieged
,
by
Fortifying
an
old
Castle
near
the
Walls
.
the
Commanders
repining
that
they
should
be
disappointed
of
the
Booty
,
which
they
thought
themselves
sure
of
,
whisper
about
,
that
they
observed
the
Enemies
Horse
feeding
without
the
Walls
;
and
that
if
an
old
demolished
Castle
,
called
Baggo●s-wreath
about
a
Musquet
shot
from
the
Walls
,
were
new
Fortified
,
which
might
be
done
in
a
Nights
time
,
the
Enemy
might
be
hindred
both
from
Forage
and
Provisions
,
which
being
wanting
,
Dublin
must
of
necessity
be
surrendred
within
the
space
of
a
Week
.
And
therefore
they
earnestly
desire
,
that
before
they
drew
off
,
they
might
have
leave
to
attempt
this
.
The
Counsel
,
upon
viewing
the
place
,
The
Counsel
took
;
was
thought
good
;
and
it
was
not
long
before
the
Army
was
drawn
out
,
and
a
choice
made
of
Pioneers
for
the
Work
:
To
whom
Orders
were
given
to
repair
the
Castle
,
raise
it
higher
,
and
cast
up
a
Wall
about
it
,
whilst
the
Horse
and
Foot
were
in
readiness
behind
to
defend
them
.
About
Mid-night
the
Lord
Lieutenant
came
,
thinking
that
the
work
had
been
almost
finished
:
but
finding
that
it
was
not
as
yet
begun
,
by
their
mistaking
the
way
,
having
severely
chid
the
Labourers
,
and
placed
another
Overseer
over
them
,
he
encourages
them
to
the
work
;
then
returning
to
the
Camp
,
he
kept
Watch
all
the
rest
of
the
Night
,
and
by
break
of
day
gave
Orders
that
the
Army
should
stand
to
their
Arms
,
and
be
in
a
readiness
,
But
the
work
not
as
yet
finished
,
Jones
unexpectedly
fall
in
upon
th●m
,
whilst
he
refresh'd
himself
a
little
in
Bed
.
But
before
he
had
been
there
an
hour
,
he
was
wakened
out
of
sleep
by
the
noise
and
firing
of
Shot
;
and
starting
up
immediately
to
see
what
the
matter
was
,
Alas
!
he
found
too
late
,
that
the
Souldiers
had
been
negligent
in
keeping
Watch
;
and
that
in
the
mean
time
Jones
had
broken
in
into
that
half-repaired
Castle
,
and
that
the
Captain
of
the
Guard
being
at
first
onset
killed
,
all
his
Men
were
turned
to
a
shameful
flight
.
These
things
succeeding
so
well
with
the
Enemy
,
their
boldness
(
as
it
usually
happens
)
increasing
with
their
good
Fortune
,
not
only
the
whole
Souldiers
,
And
having
defeated
all
the
Forces
of
the
besiegers
,
obtains
a
great
Victory
.
to
the
number
of
twelve
hundred
Horse
,
and
four
thousand
Foot
,
but
a
great
many
of
the
Citizens
also
came
rushing
out
of
the
Town
,
and
fiercely
charge
the
Kings
Forces
,
who
were
in
disorder
,
putting
all
into
Confusion
,
there
being
nothing
but
Horror
,
Noise
,
Slaughter
,
and
flying
of
Men
,
to
be
heard
or
seen
.
In
this
deplorable
state
of
Affairs
,
the
Lord
Lieutenant
having
with
Sword
in
Hand
,
Prayers
,
and
Intreaties
,
in
vain
endeavoured
to
stop
and
rally
the
Fugitives
,
he
breaks
through
the
thick
of
the
Enemy
,
crosses
the
River
,
and
encourages
Dillo
with
all
speed
to
come
to
the
assistance
of
the
Army
,
and
fall
upon
the
Enemy
,
now
wearied
,
and
busie
at
Plunder
.
But
he
finds
them
,
tho
they
had
not
as
yet
seen
the
Enemies
Face
,
seized
with
a
panick
Fear
,
throwing
away
their
Arms
,
and
betaking
themselves
to
flight
.
In
this
fatal
Engagement
,
the
wealthy
Camp
is
plundered
,
and
all
that
during
the
space
of
a
whole
year
,
had
been
with
much
Labour
,
and
most
diligent
care
gathered
together
,
is
scattered
in
the
twinkling
of
an
Eye
.
Three
thousand
Men
were
killed
,
two
thousand
and
one
hundred
private
Souldiers
,
an
hundred
and
fifty
Officers
,
higher
and
lower
,
taken
,
above
eight
thousand
Arms
,
the
Tents
,
Warlike
Engines
,
all
the
Baggage
and
Ammunition
fell
all
into
the
hands
of
the
devouring
Enemy
.
A
great
Overthrow
indeed
,
and
which
gave
an
incurable
wound
to
the
Royal
Cause
in
Ireland
.
Part
of
the
Kings
Souldiers
fly
to
Drogheda
.
The
Lord
Lieutenant
to
Kilkenny
,
The
Kings
Souldiers
taking
the
advice
that
was
given
them
in
their
slight
,
betake
themselves
to
Drogheda
.
The
Lord
Lieutenant
hastens
to
Kilkenny
,
that
he
might
muster
his
broken
Forces
,
having
,
upon
his
march
,
summoned
the
strong
Castle
of
Bellison
,
upon
pretext
that
Dublin
was
taken
,
which
surrendred
.
There
having
represented
to
the
Convention
of
Estates
that
were
still
sitting
,
what
loss
he
had
sustained
,
and
having
moved
them
for
Supplies
and
Money
,
And
th●n
to
Drogheda
,
he
sets
forward
to
Drogheda
with
three
hundred
Horse
:
And
that
in
a
very
opportune
time
;
for
Jones
had
hastned
thither
with
some
Horse
,
that
by
the
sole
presence
of
the
Conquerour
,
he
might
reduce
the
City
,
now
in
disorder
,
by
the
news
of
the
late
overthrow
and
confusion
of
the
Souldiers
.
And
delivers
it
from
the
fear
of
Jones
,
But
the
coming
of
the
Lord
Lieutenant
scaring
away
Jones
,
the
Fear
and
Danger
were
both
quickly
over
.
Next
he
Fortifies
Trim
,
Neury
,
Dundalk
,
And
also
Fortifies
other
places
.
and
other
neighbouring
places
,
putting
strong
Garrisons
where
it
was
needful
;
he
views
all
places
,
gives
Orders
,
and
prepares
for
a
vigorous
defence
;
being
resolved
to
meet
Cromwell
,
if
he
came
that
way
,
whilst
his
Horse
relieving
the
places
that
were
in
danger
,
he
might
in
the
beginning
of
the
Spring
raise
a
new
Army
.
But
in
that
also
his
hopes
were
in
vain
.
In
the
mean
time
Cromwell
slighting
Munster
,
arrives
a●
Dublin
;
For
Cromwell
having
received
the
glad
tydings
of
the
Victory
,
set
Sail
from
Milford-Haven
,
and
that
he
might
pursue
the
Point
upon
the
discomfited
Enemy
,
and
carry
the
Wound
home
to
the
Heart
,
he
steers
his
Course
straight
to
Dublin
,
with
a
Fleet
of
about
an
hundred
Ships
,
Men
of
War
and
Tenders
;
and
,
wholly
slighting
Munster
,
arrived
there
in
the
Month
of
August
,
One
thousand
six
hundred
and
forty
nine
,
where
having
put
ashore
the
Souldiers
,
With
fifteen
thousand
old
Souldiers
;
with
the
Artillery
,
Ammunition
and
Baggage
,
he
makes
a
General-Muster
,
of
about
fifteen
thousand
Men
,
most
of
them
old
Souldiers
;
for
he
thought
it
better
to
excel
in
Valour
than
in
Number
,
and
to
take
along
with
him
stout
Hands
,
and
not
many
Heads
.
He
declares
Jones
Lieutenant-General
,
Ireton
Major-General
,
and
Reynolds
General
of
the
Horse
,
assigning
to
every
one
their
several
Offices
.
He
orders
Venables
to
march
to
Derry
to
the
Elder
Coot
,
with
a
Regiment
of
Horse
,
and
two
Regiments
of
Foot
.
Of
whom
he
marches
w●th
ten
thousand
to
Drogheda
;
He
himself
,
with
ten
thousand
Men
,
marches
streight
to
Drogheda
,
having
committed
the
care
of
the
Fleet
to
Aiskew
the
Admiral
.
Which
was
defended
by
Sir
Arthur
Aston
and
the
Flower
of
the
Kings
Army
.
In
this
Town
the
Lord
Liuetenant
had
put
the
Flower
of
his
Veterane
Souldiers
,
most
English
,
under
the
Command
of
Sir
Arthur
Aston
,
a
Gentleman
Renowned
in
the
Wars
,
both
at
home
and
abroad
,
but
for
the
most
part
unfortunate
.
And
here
Cromwell
resolved
to
make
his
first
Essay
of
the
War
.
Aston
,
on
the
contrary
,
laid
his
Design
to
tire
out
,
and
break
the
Enemy
,
insolent
through
Victory
,
by
the
badness
of
the
Weather
,
Watching
and
Hunger
;
then
expose
them
to
be
harrassed
and
alarmed
by
the
Lord
Lieutenants
Horse
,
and
the
Foot
that
were
shortly
to
be
recruited
,
until
the
Royalists
being
reassured
,
and
encreased
in
force
,
might
have
the
courage
to
provoke
the
Cromwellians
,
and
fight
them
in
a
pitched
Battel
.
But
he
flatters
himself
in
vain
;
for
Cromwell
attacks
not
the
place
by
opening
of
Trenches
,
slow
Approaches
,
and
the
other
acts
of
a
Siege
:
Cromwell
forthwith
batters
the
Walls
:
But
having
forthwith
caused
a
Battery
to
be
raised
on
the
North
side
of
the
Town
,
and
planted
with
Guns
,
he
so
plied
the
place
with
continual
Shooting
,
that
he
quickly
made
two
Breaches
in
the
Wall
;
and
immediately
Commands
an
Assault
to
be
made
,
that
with
Courage
and
Resolution
they
might
force
their
entry
into
the
place
.
He
himself
commanding
the
attack
,
makes
his
way
into
the
Town
,
and
kills
all
he
meets
.
But
this
having
been
twice
unsuccessfully
attempted
,
he
himself
,
with
Ireton
,
commanding
the
Attack
,
with
Indignation
and
Courage
,
redoubled
by
the
former
repulses
,
they
make
the
way
which
they
found
not
,
into
the
Town
,
and
put
to
the
Sword
all
they
meet
,
without
favour
or
compassion
.
The
Governour
,
with
some
of
the
Souldiers
,
fled
instantly
to
the
Castle
,
a
place
strong
by
Art
and
Nature
;
but
the
Cromwellians
entering
Pell-mell
with
them
,
(
some
of
whom
clambered
up
the
Walls
,
not
without
the
help
of
the
Souldiers
of
the
Garrison
,
)
they
were
all
put
to
the
Sword
.
Some
flying
into
the
Church
,
are
killed
as
Sacrifices
at
the
Divine
Altars
;
not
a
few
poor
wretches
having
got
up
to
the
Church
Roof
,
were
forced
to
tumble
down
,
by
the
smoke
of
kindled
Hay
and
Gunpowder
.
There
was
but
one
single
Person
that
saved
his
life
by
despair
,
who
for
fear
of
the
Flames
,
throwing
himself
headlong
down
from
the
top
of
the
Church
,
fell
amongst
the
Enemies
,
without
any
other
hurt
,
but
that
he
broke
his
Leg
;
whom
,
for
the
extraordinariness
of
the
thing
,
they
spared
and
kept
alive
.
The
rest
fleeing
to
the
Ramparts
begg'd
quarter
,
but
in
vain
.
All
are
knocked
down
wheresoever
they
are
found
,
The
sad
spectacle
of
the
Town
taken
.
neither
the
Gown
nor
the
Dwelling
House
affored
any
Protection
,
nor
was
there
any
great
respect
had
to
either
Sex
.
The
Souldiers
continued
three
days
in
cruelly
slaying
the
Towns-People
that
had
carried
Arms
,
whom
they
dragged
out
of
their
lurking
holes
,
and
in
Pillaging
and
Plundering
the
Town
:
Nay
,
and
those
also
who
after
the
fifth
day
came
creeping
out
of
their
hiding-places
,
were
most
inhumanly
put
to
death
.
The
number
of
the
slain
.
About
four
thousand
Men
died
in
that
Butchery
,
rather
than
Fight
.
So
within
the
short
space
of
one
Week
,
was
that
City
undone
,
which
for
whole
three
years
together
had
resisted
all
the
Rage
and
Attempts
of
the
Irish
Rebels
.
The
Garrisons
about
,
either
deserted
,
or
easily
surrendred
.
This
Town
being
thus
taken
and
plundered
,
the
Royal
Cause
was
quite
extinguished
in
Ireland
:
For
all
the
other
Garrisons
were
terrified
into
so
great
a
consternation
,
that
they
trembled
at
the
very
Name
of
Cromwell
.
The
Towns
or
Places
that
were
sufficiently
provided
,
make
either
no
resistance
at
all
,
or
but
very
faintly
.
The
Garrison
of
Dundalk
in
great
fear
betake
themselves
to
flight
,
in
their
haste
leaving
behind
them
their
Brass
Guns
.
Neury
,
Green-Castle
and
Trim
,
with
some
others
,
surrender
with
a
little
less
dishonour
,
and
fall
under
the
power
of
the
Enemy
.
The
Lord
Lieutenant
is
deserted
by
many
of
the
English
Souldiers
;
The
Lord
Lieutenants
Levies
,
in
the
mean
time
,
go
slowly
on
.
The
English
in
many
places
falling
off
to
the
contrary
Party
,
which
had
Fortune
,
and
most
of
their
Country-men
on
their
side
;
yet
,
whether
it
was
through
the
Severity
of
Discipline
,
or
the
Example
and
Authority
of
the
Commanders
,
they
were
with
much
adoe
for
some
time
kept
together
;
but
at
length
,
most
desert
and
quit
the
Service
:
There
were
some
however
,
whom
shame
,
a
sense
of
Honesty
,
But
yet
not
by
all
.
and
a
respect
they
owed
to
their
Commanders
,
still
retained
within
the
bounds
of
Loyalty
and
Duty
.
The
Irish
fall
likewise
into
pieces
;
some
hating
the
Lord
Lieutenant
as
a
Calvinist
,
The
Irish
ill
affected
towards
him
.
whom
God
would
never
bless
;
others
not
dissembling
their
satisfaction
at
the
unsuccessful
Battel
of
Dublin
,
and
the
taking
of
Drogheda
much
more
,
wherein
more
of
the
English
and
Royal
Party
perished
;
which
gave
them
hopes
that
for
the
future
,
the
Government
must
of
necessity
fall
into
the
Hands
of
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
or
rather
be
changed
.
The
Towns
who
had
engaged
to
pay
money
into
the
Exchequer
,
either
wholly
refuse
to
do
it
,
or
do
it
but
slowly
.
Nay
,
the
Roman
Catholicks
set
light
by
all
that
the
Convention
of
Estates
and
Deputies
acted
.
The
Titular
Clergy
,
and
truly
Implicite
Papists
,
refuse
to
pay
any
Taxes
.
And
when
,
accordng
to
the
circumstances
of
Time
,
Places
,
and
Persons
,
they
were
perhaps
,
somewhat
rigidly
exacted
,
they
presently
complain
,
and
cry
out
of
breach
of
Faith
,
and
that
the
Conditions
of
Peace
are
violated
,
and
under
pretext
of
a
just
and
equitable
Government
,
an
absolute
Tyranny
exercised
.
Factions
and
Animosities
began
to
arise
amongst
the
Souldiers
also
;
some
following
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
and
others
the
Royal
Catholicks
,
whilst
many
weary
of
the
War
,
were
ready
to
save
stakes
and
compound
with
the
Rump-Parliament
.
Nevertheless
the
Lord
Lieutenant
raised
an
Army
,
such
as
he
could
;
Yet
he
raises
an
Army
.
but
not
such
as
he
durst
engage
Cromwell
with
,
which
nevertheless
might
appear
now
and
then
at
a
distance
,
cut
off
some
of
his
Parties
,
and
often
intercept
his
Provisions
.
Cromwell
understanding
his
designs
,
resolved
not
to
be
idle
,
nor
to
let
slip
his
opportunities
;
but
laying
hold
of
occasion
by
the
Fore-lock
,
he
gives
Huson
the
Command
of
Dublin
,
Huson
,
put
into
the
Government
of
Dublin
,
with
Orders
to
molest
and
give
no
rest
to
all
the
Country
about
,
with
the
Auxiliary
Forces
that
were
joyned
him
.
And
he
himself
passing
by
Dublin
,
Cromwell
marches
to
Wexford
,
marches
straight
to
Wexford
.
This
is
but
a
little
Town
,
though
a
convenient
Harbour
for
Ships
;
and
for
Importing
Provisions
and
other
necessaries
of
War
into
the
very
heart
of
Ireland
,
more
Commodious
than
the
Port
of
Dublin
.
This
place
being
summoned
to
render
,
Summons
it
to
render
.
the
Governour
Synott
seemed
not
at
first
averse
;
only
delayed
time
,
until
he
might
receive
a
supply
of
five
hundred
Men
under
Collonel
Buther
.
At
length
,
there
being
no
more
hopes
of
a
Surrender
,
Cromwell
forthwith
attacks
it
;
Then
making
an
attack
,
he
first
takes
the
Castle
,
And
then
the
Town
.
and
at
first
makes
himself
Master
of
a
Castle
(
not
without
suspicion
of
treachery
)
that
commanded
the
Walls
;
then
battering
the
Town
and
Walls
with
his
great
Guns
,
the
Garrison
being
disordered
with
so
sudden
a
misfortune
,
and
forsaking
their
Posts
,
he
takes
the
Town
.
Nevertheless
,
the
Wexfordians
flocking
together
into
the
Market-place
,
as
if
their
blood
after
a
little
fainting
fit
had
more
impetuously
burst
out
of
the
heart
,
their
All
being
at
stake
,
they
made
a
brave
resistance
:
but
the
Match
was
unequal
;
for
they
all
fell
under
the
Sword
of
the
Conquerour
;
and
so
the
Garrison
paid
dear
for
their
late
standing
to
the
defence
of
the
Town
;
which
being
plundered
,
was
committed
to
the
Government
of
Colonel
Shelburn
.
Wexford
being
thus
subdued
,
the
Neighbouring
Places
surrender
of
their
own
accord
,
Wickelow
,
Arklow
,
and
which
hardly
deserve
the
naming
,
Euiscorven
and
Fuernes
.
It
was
now
about
the
midle
of
November
,
when
the
coldness
of
the
Weather
,
and
continual
Rains
seemed
to
require
that
the
Souldiers
,
who
were
troubled
with
Fluxes
,
and
other
Diseases
which
attend
a
Camp
,
should
be
sent
into
Winter-Quarters
.
Nevertheless
,
Thence
he
marches
to
Ross
,
with
an
Army
sick
and
much
weakened
;
Cromwell
is
for
new
Victories
,
and
straight
marches
to
Ross
.
The
River
Barrow
runs
by
this
Town
,
affording
a
safe
Harbour
for
Ships
of
eight
hundred
Tun
Burden
,
which
may
lay
their
sides
to
the
very
Walls
,
and
it
is
situated
four
miles
above
Waterford
upon
the
Suir
that
falls
into
the
Barrow
.
Of
which
Taff
was
Governour
,
having
just
received
a
supply
of
fifteen
hund●ed
men
.
Yet
upon
the
first
attempt
he
surrenders
the
Town
,
and
marches
to
Kilkenny
with
fifteen
hundred
men
.
The
Lord
Taff
was
Governour
of
this
place
;
and
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
was
the
Army
,
with
the
Lord
Lieutenant
,
the
Earls
of
Clanricard
,
Ards
,
and
Castle-Haven
;
who
,
in
view
of
Cromwell
,
sent
a
reliefe
of
fifteen
hundred
men
into
the
Town
.
Yet
for
all
that
,
Cromwell
attempts
the
place
,
and
with
six
or
seven
great
shot
,
softens
the
Governours
resolution
;
who
,
delivering
up
the
Town
with
the
Canon
,
upon
condition
to
march
out
with
the
Garrison
to
Kilkenny
,
about
six
hundred
English
falling
off
to
the
Enemy
,
he
marches
thither
with
fifteen
hundred
.
A
horrid
piece
of
Villany
,
and
not
to
be
excused
;
were
it
not
for
the
bad
Correspondence
that
was
betwixt
the
English
and
Irish
Souldiers
,
and
that
he
would
preserve
his
own
Irish
entire
for
a
Battel
,
and
divide
at
least
Cromwells
Forces
by
the
multitude
of
Garrisons
;
his
Army
being
already
much
impaired
,
and
hardly
able
to
wagg
,
worn
out
by
Fatigue
,
Fluxes
,
lying
abroad
in
the
Fields
,
and
for
want
of
Winter-Quarters
.
Peace
betwixt
the
Lord
Lieutenant
,
and
Oaen
,
About
this
time
,
by
the
Mediation
of
Daniel
Oneal
,
a
Peace
was
made
betwixt
the
Lord
Lieutenan
,
and
Ouen-Ro-Oneal
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Irish
Papists
,
almost
upon
the
same
Conditions
as
we
told
you
formerly
had
been
offered
to
the
Rump-Parliament
,
and
were
rejected
by
them
;
and
thereupon
both
Forces
Joyn.
Who
shortly
after
dies
.
But
Ouen
shortly
after
died
.
Nor
is
it
here
to
be
pass'd
over
in
silence
,
how
the
Princes
Rupert
and
Maurice
,
with
no
more
than
six
Ships
,
The
Princes
Rupert
and
Maurice
,
with
six
Ships
,
hover
upon
the
Irish
Coast
,
and
Blake
pursuing
them
,
they
fly
to
Kingsale
:
the
remaining
part
of
that
Fleet
which
two
years
before
fell
off
from
the
Rump-Parliament
,
had
the
boldness
to
infest
the
Seas
,
hover
upon
the
Coast
of
Ireland
,
put
in
Souldiers
and
Ammunition
,
and
by
all
ways
divert
the
supplies
of
the
Enemy
.
But
Blake
and
Popham
pursuing
them
with
a
stronger
Fleet
,
they
were
fain
to
sly
to
King
sale
;
and
from
thence
,
the
Sea-men
being
idle
,
and
running
away
to
the
Enemy
,
that
they
might
consult
their
own
safety
,
Being
blockt
up
there
,
they
escape
through
the
Enemies
Fleet
,
and
set
Sail
for
Portugal
.
prevent
the
danger
that
might
befall
them
from
the
defection
of
Munster
,
which
they
might
foresee
,
and
that
they
might
have
the
opportunity
of
Sea-room
,
Wind
and
Tide
favouring
them
,
they
break
through
the
whole
Fleet
of
the
Enemies
,
and
with
the
loss
only
of
two
Ships
,
escaping
out
of
that
noose
,
they
steer
their
Course
towards
Portugal
.
But
this
is
out
of
the
Rode
.
I
now
return
to
Cromwell
,
Estionege
being
taken
,
Cromwell
makes
a
Bridge
of
Boats
over
the
Barrow
.
whose
Victories
were
such
,
as
could
not
be
limited
by
the
banks
of
the
River
of
Barrow
.
For
he
cast
over
it
a
Bridge
of
Boats
at
Ross
;
having
first
taken
Estionege
,
a
small
,
but
Walled
Town
,
standing
upon
this
side
of
the
same
River
,
five
Miles
above
Ross
.
Afterward
having
past
a
great
part
of
his
Horse
,
with
his
nimblest
Foot
,
he
reduces
Carick
,
a
Town
upon
the
River
Suir
,
eight
miles
above
Waterford
;
He
takes
Carick
and
Passage
,
then
quickly
crossing
the
River
,
he
takes
Passage
,
a
very
strong
Fort
with
five
Canon
,
lying
two
Miles
below
Waterford
,
where
the
Conjunction
of
the
two
Rivers
Suir
and
Barrow
,
by
the
impetuosity
of
the
Current
,
render
it
difficult
for
Vessels
to
reach
the
Town
.
Nay
,
he
had
the
boldness
to
attaque
Waterford
it self
,
He
attempts
Waterford
,
but
in
vain
.
though
in
vain
.
But
Dungarvan
,
which
the
English
Souldiers
might
have
defended
,
with
the
Canon
and
Ammunition
,
is
delivered
up
into
his
hands
.
And
now
at
length
Cromwell
begins
to
think
of
Winter
Quarters
for
refreshing
of
his
Men
,
Now
at
length
he
bethinks
himself
of
Winter
Quarters
.
who
were
not
above
four
thousand
Sound
and
in
Health
.
The
Lord
Lieutenant
,
on
the
other
hand
,
had
eight
thousand
,
which
,
though
for
the
most
part
they
were
raw
Men
,
yet
were
very
conveniently
posted
.
But
what
he
had
best
to
do
,
or
whether
to
go
,
he
was
uncertain
.
For
neither
could
he
march
back
to
Dublin
,
being
at
such
a
distance
,
without
a
necessity
of
Fighing
;
nor
yet
Winter
in
those
parts
,
without
the
greatest
Inconvenience
,
the
Enemy
being
posted
about
him
on
all
Hands
,
who
would
continually
Allarm
him
,
and
intercept
his
Provisions
.
Whilst
he
was
casting
about
in
his
mind
what
course
to
take
,
the
most
desirable
,
All
Munster
revolts
.
and
by
Cromwell
,
long
expected
defection
happened
;
for
all
Munster
,
that
had
stood
for
the
King
,
revolted
to
the
Rump-Parliament
.
Some
combined
Souldiers
had
long
ago
given
hopes
of
this
,
if
ever
occasion
offered
;
and
now
Cromwell
being
upon
their
Borders
,
and
past
the
River
Barrow
,
when
they
saw
Succours
at
hand
,
they
attempt
the
performance
of
what
they
had
promised
.
The
Treachery
long
ago
●ss●ied
at
Youghal
,
The
first
sparks
of
this
Flame
,
appeared
long
ago
at
Youghal
;
which
the
Mayor
,
and
a
great
many
Citizens
,
conspiring
with
two
Colonels
,
and
other
Commanders
,
agreed
to
deliver
into
the
hands
of
Cromwell
.
The
Lord
Inchiqueen
smelling
the
Treachery
,
seized
the
Mayor
and
Souldiers
,
and
committed
them
to
Prison
in
Cork
,
Youghal
,
and
King
sale
,
until
they
might
be
brought
to
a
fair
Tryal
.
But
that
kind
of
Custody
was
unlucky
,
since
thereby
the
sparks
spread
farther
.
Is
now
accomplished
at
Cork
,
For
the
Colonels
being
too
negligently
kept
at
Cork
,
draw
over
the
Commanders
,
one
after
another
,
into
the
same
Conspiracy
;
and
in
the
absence
of
Inchiqueen
,
whil'st
the
Souldiers
carelesly
kept
the
Guard
,
they
of
a
sudden
seize
the
Town
.
From
thence
the
sparks
fly
into
Youghal
,
Kingsale
,
Bandon-Bridge
,
Mallow
,
and
other
places
,
and
by
the
coming
of
the
Lord
Broghill
,
Colonel
Far
,
and
a
great
many
of
Cromwell's
Forces
,
was
fomented
into
a
Conflagration
.
Where
Inchiqueen's
Lady
and
Children
are
imprisoned
,
Inchiqueens
House
at
Cork
was
plundered
;
where
neither
the
modesty
of
the
dress
could
protect
his
Lady
,
nor
innocent
Age
his
Children
;
for
all
together
were
clapt
up
in
Prison
,
and
there
detained
,
till
by
an
exchange
,
that
happened
shortly
after
,
they
were
set
at
liberty
.
Here
at
length
Cromwell
in
the
beginning
of
December
,
And
Cromwell
puts
his
Men
into
Winter
Quarters
.
put
his
Men
into
Winter
Quarters
,
and
disappointed
the
Lord
Lieutenant
,
who
had
intercepted
his
way
,
on
his
return
to
Dublin
with
an
Army
double
in
number
.
Nor
will
it
be
amiss
in
this
place
,
to
take
notice
of
the
death
of
Jones
,
Jones
dies
.
for
it
happened
about
the
same
time
;
who
basely
stained
the
Reputation
that
he
gained
in
subduing
the
Irish
Rebels
,
by
the
defending
,
even
unto
the
last
,
the
Cause
of
the
Murderers
of
the
King
.
The
Lord
Lieutenant
,
in
the
mean
time
,
The
Lord
Lieutenant
calls
a
general
Council
,
and
persuades
Dissenters
to
Vnion
:
that
he
might
provide
,
what
lay
in
his
power
,
against
ensuing
Storms
,
calls
a
general
Council
,
where
representing
how
grateful
and
profitable
the
Divisions
and
Animosities
were
to
the
Enemy
;
he
intreats
the
Clergy
,
Nobility
,
and
Gentry
to
mutual
Peace
and
Concord
,
shewing
them
how
that
might
be
done
.
Which
they
all
pretend
.
This
produced
amongst
all
a
pretence
of
Sorrow
for
what
was
past
,
of
true
Friendship
,
by
shaking
Hands
,
and
promises
of
mutual
Assistance
,
in
causing
the
Commands
of
the
Lord
Lieutenant
to
be
obey'd
,
pay
raised
for
the
Souldiers
,
Quarters
,
and
other
necessaries
for
the
War
provided
,
and
in
persuading
the
Inhabitants
,
especially
of
Limmerick
,
Waterford
,
and
Galloway
,
to
Obedience
and
Submission
.
This
put
the
Lord
Lieutenant
in
heart
again
,
who
,
whilst
Cromwell
refreshed
his
Men
in
Winter-Quarters
,
resolves
to
recover
Wexford
,
He
endeavouors
to
recover
Passage
by
Farell
;
and
Passage
:
For
the
effecting
of
which
,
Inchiqueen
,
Armstrong
,
and
Trevers
,
are
designed
for
the
one
,
and
Farell
,
with
the
Forces
of
Ouen-Ro-Oneal
,
for
the
other
.
Farell
,
marching
secretly
to
Passage
,
falls
into
the
Snare
that
he
had
laid
for
others
.
For
Cromwell
presently
having
notice
of
the
Design
,
Who
,
by
Zankie
,
is
intercepted
and
put
to
flight
;
Colonel
Zankie
pursues
him
in
the
Rear
,
Alarms
,
and
puts
him
to
flight
,
kills
three
hundred
,
takes
two
hundred
,
and
had
not
suffered
a
Man
to
escape
,
if
,
in
the
nick
of
time
,
Farell
had
not
,
in
great
disorder
,
cross'd
the
River
in
Boats
.
In
vain
imploring
the
assistance
of
the
Waterfordians
.
By
this
misfortune
it
plainly
appeared
how
the
Waterfordians
were
affected
,
whilst
,
though
Farell
earnestly
begg'd
it
,
they
denied
the
use
of
their
Boats
,
of
which
they
had
plenty
,
to
the
poor
Fugitives
;
nor
would
they
suffer
them
in
this
danger
to
enter
the
Town
,
nor
any
of
them
to
Winter
without
the
Walls
,
though
it
was
put
to
their
option
,
to
chuse
what
Men
and
Colonels
they
pleas'd
;
nor
would
they
afford
them
any
Pay
,
or
Money
for
providing
Victuals
,
and
other
necessaries
.
Inchiqueen
being
about
to
recover
Wexford
,
is
hindered
by
Nelson
.
Neither
did
the
Wexford
Expedition
succeed
better
;
for
Inchiqueen
marching
thither
,
when
he
was
but
five
Miles
from
the
place
,
by
cross
Fortune
,
he
met
with
Major
General
Nelson
,
who
had
then
Command
in
those
parts
:
Inchiqueen
charged
him
;
and
although
he
put
some
of
his
Men
to
flight
,
yet
he
was
taught
by
the
rest
,
that
it
would
not
be
so
easie
a
matter
to
subdue
Wexford
:
And
Huson
marching
towards
Arklow
,
frightened
him
from
proceeding
farther
:
The
Souldiers
in
the
mean
time
agreeing
ill
among
themselves
.
Cromwell
having
received
Recruits
from
England
,
divides
his
Forces
,
and
marches
against
the
Enemy
.
About
the
same
time
Cromwell
received
a
seasonable
supply
,
both
of
Men
and
Ammunition
partly
from
Bristol
,
and
partly
from
Milford
Haven
.
And
so
being
sufficiently
recruited
,
about
the
latter
end
of
February
,
he
drew
out
his
Army
,
and
resolved
to
fall
upon
the
Enemy
.
And
therefore
he
thought
fit
to
divide
his
Forces
,
and
march
different
ways
,
that
he
might
amuse
the
Enemy
,
as
not
knowing
whither
he
designed
.
He
himself
goes
before
with
the
light
Horse-men
,
and
part
of
the
Foot
,
by
Maltow
,
the
upper
way
into
the
County
of
Tipperary
.
By
another
way
,
Ireton
and
Reynolds
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Horse
and
Foot
,
the
Artillery
and
Ammuition
,
march
towards
Carick
;
Broghill
,
with
some
Horse
,
being
left
behind
to
scour
the
Country
,
secure
Munster
,
fly
too
and
again
,
and
watch
the
motions
of
the
Enemy
.
Ingoldsby
had
Orders
with
a
Select
Party
to
hover
about
Limmerick
,
where
he
fell
in
into
the
Quarters
of
three
hundred
of
Inchiqueens
Horse
,
with
three
Colonels
,
and
other
Commanders
,
and
routed
them
;
two
of
which
Colonels
,
Broghill
condemned
to
be
shot
to
death
.
Cromwell
takes
in
Cahir
Castle
,
standing
upon
a
high
Rock
in
the
River
Suir
;
as
also
,
He
easily
takes
a
great
many
Garrisons
.
the
Castles
of
Kiltemon
,
Foldea-Bridge
,
Clogen
,
and
Roghill
,
and
lies
down
before
Calan
,
a
Town
of
the
same
name
with
the
River
;
where
Ireton
and
Reynolds
joyn
him
with
the
other
part
of
the
Army
,
having
,
upon
their
March
,
reduced
several
Castles
,
as
Arkemon
,
Dunder
,
Knoctovery
,
Bullinard
,
and
others
;
and
having
besieged
Calan
with
three
Camps
,
and
Raynolds
having
put
an
hundred
and
fifty
Horse
to
flight
,
in
a
days
time
they
take
it
,
putting
all
to
the
Sword
,
except
Butlers
Men
,
who
being
summoned
,
surrendred
before
a
Gun
was
fired
.
After
that
,
they
make
themselves
Masters
of
Fethered
,
and
Thomas
Town
,
with
the
adjacent
places
.
Calls
Huson
with
his
P●ers
to
joyn
him
.
And
now
Cromwell
calls
Huson
from
Dublin
,
to
joyn
him
with
what
supplies
the
Men
of
Wexford
,
and
the
neighbouring
Garrisons
could
afford
,
which
amounted
to
three
thousand
five
hundred
.
He
,
having
by
the
by
taken
Belsannon
,
and
Kildare
,
comes
to
Lochlin
,
which
being
without
any
difficulty
reduced
,
he
crosses
the
Barrow
,
and
joyns
Cromwell
.
The
first
thing
they
attempt
after
this
Conjunction
,
making
now
eleven
thousand
Foot
,
and
about
four
thousand
Horse
,
was
to
besiege
the
Town
of
Gora
;
They
jointly
take
Gora
.
which
place
,
either
trusting
too
much
to
its
own
Strength
,
or
relying
on
Ormonds
Regiment
,
under
the
Command
of
Hammond
,
was
,
to
its
own
misfortune
,
so
bold
as
to
make
a
resistance
.
But
after
that
the
Walls
had
for
some
time
been
battered
,
the
Garrison
began
to
Mutiny
,
and
the
place
was
instantly
surrendered
;
the
Conquerour
inflicting
no
other
punishment
upon
them
,
but
the
causing
the
Colonel
and
the
Commanders
to
be
shot
to
death
.
Then
they
march
to
Kilkenny
,
the
place
where
the
Committee
of
the
Estates
met
.
From
thence
they
march
to
Kilkenny
,
through
which
runs
the
River
Noir
,
a
pleasant
place
,
and
,
without
comparison
,
the
chief
of
all
the
In-land
Towns
of
Ireland
;
but
withall
,
the
Spring-head
of
an
execrable
Rebellion
;
and
the
Center
,
as
I
may
justly
call
it
,
from
which
all
the
Treasons
,
and
damnable
Councils
against
the
King
,
Country
,
and
Religion
,
were
as
so
many
Lines
drawn
;
it
was
,
as
yet
,
the
seat
of
the
Commitee
of
Estates
,
who
,
upon
the
approach
of
the
danger
,
fled
to
Athlome
—
upon
the
River
Shannon
—
upon
the
Borders
of
Connaght
,
as
a
place
more
secure
for
their
Consultations
.
Kilkenny
is
divided
into
three
parts
,
one
on
the
farther
side
of
the
River
,
the
other
with
a
Castle
opposite
unto
it
,
and
the
third
separated
from
the
other
two
by
Walls
.
Cromwell
lies
down
before
it
,
and
according
to
the
Custom
of
War
,
summons
it
to
surrender
:
The
Governour
refusing
,
without
more
delay
,
he
attaques
it
by
force
,
and
having
observed
a
convenient
place
,
he
presently
raises
a
Battery
,
and
from
thence
plays
upon
the
Town
.
The
Governour
now
perceiving
the
danger
,
causes
forthwith
two
works
to
be
cast
up
within
the
Walls
,
with
Palisadoes
,
and
Engines
laid
in
the
way
to
hinder
an
entry
,
whilst
the
Souldiers
,
in
a
full
Body
,
were
posted
behind
to
receive
the
Enemy
,
if
they
attempted
it
.
The
Breaches
being
made
in
the
Walls
,
the
Retrenchments
within
appear
.
Therefore
to
facilitate
the
Assault
,
Ewers
is
commanded
,
with
a
thousand
Men
,
to
fetch
a
compass
about
,
and
at
the
same
time
to
attaque
the
other
Town
adjoining
to
this
.
Here
they
come
to
blows
,
but
with
more
Resolution
than
Success
;
the
Besiegers
being
beat
off
,
with
the
loss
of
about
seventy
Men
,
two
Colonels
,
and
other
Commanders
.
Nevertheless
Ewers
gains
the
Town
,
which
though
divided
from
the
other
,
yet
served
to
straiten
it
,
and
distract
the
Garrison
.
Next
Night
another
Officer
is
sent
over
the
River
with
a
Body
of
Men
,
that
by
break
of
day
he
might
break
in
into
the
other
Town
;
which
he
having
performed
with
the
loss
of
thirty
Men
,
whilst
he
attempted
to
burn
down
the
Gate
,
to
make
way
into
the
City
over
the
Bridge
,
about
fifty
being
exposed
to
shot
,
fell
.
At
length
the
Governour
perceiving
himself
attacqued
on
all
hands
,
and
that
there
was
no
hopes
of
relief
:
He
capitulates
,
and
upon
these
Conditions
,
delivers
up
the
City
into
the
hands
of
the
Enemy
,
That
the
Canon
,
Arms
,
Which
having
made
a
brave
Resistance
,
at
length
yields
upon
Condition
and
all
the
Ammunition
,
should
be
delivered
to
Cromwell
;
all
the
Citizens
have
leave
to
continue
in
the
place
,
or
to
remove
any
where
else
,
as
they
thought
fit
:
That
the
Officers
and
Souldiers
,
should
with
Arms
,
Bag
and
Baggage
,
march
to
Athlome
,
and
that
the
Citizens
should
pay
two
thousand
pounds
to
Cromwell
.
And
so
in
eight
days
time
,
(
for
the
Siege
lasted
no
longer
)
Kilkenny
was
reduced
under
Subjection
,
which
for
a
great
many
years
had
given
Laws
to
all
the
rest
.
The
Siege
of
Clonmel
.
Next
upon
the
Stage
of
War
succeeds
Clonmell
,
a
considerable
well
Peopled
Town
,
and
walled
round
,
lying
upon
the
Suir
,
four
Leagues
from
Waterford
.
This
place
was
defended
by
Hugh
Boy-Oneal
,
with
a
Garrison
of
two
thousand
Foot
,
and
an
hundred
Horse
;
whose
Reputation
was
much
heightned
by
his
Pains
and
Assiduity
,
as
having
caused
several
considerable
works
to
be
made
for
the
security
of
the
place
.
Hither
does
Cromwell
now
convert
the
stress
of
the
War
:
and
having
encamped
,
and
strongly
entrenched
himself
,
he
sends
two
thousand
five
hundred
Horse
,
under
the
command
of
Reynolds
,
Reynolds
is
s●nt
to
hinder
the
Lord
Lieutenants
Levies
,
and
Theophilus
Jones
,
the
Brother
of
the
late
Jones
,
to
hinder
the
Lord
Lieutenants
Levies
,
and
to
reduce
Towns
every
where
,
as
occasion
did
present
.
For
he
understood
that
the
Lord
Lieutenant
having
held
a
Council
of
the
Irish
Nobility
and
Bishops
,
at
Baltimore
,
in
West
Meath
,
it
was
resolved
,
that
on
the
one
hand
,
that
is
to
say
,
in
the
North
,
Cromwell
should
be
kept
in
play
,
and
harressed
with
frequent
Incursions
,
whilst
he
should
make
greater
Levies
,
and
join
together
the
Forces
of
the
Counties
:
that
on
the
other
hand
,
to
wit
,
in
the
South
,
the
Bishop
of
Ross
should
relieve
the
Besieged
in
Clonmell
,
or
at
least
give
Cromwell
some
diversion
.
With
good
success
.
But
Reynolds
being
much
stronger
in
Horse
,
prevents
the
Lord
Lieutenant
,
and
,
as
if
he
had
had
him
in
a
Toyl
,
renders
all
unsafe
;
nor
did
he
desist
,
before
he
had
driven
the
Earl
of
Castle-haven
,
and
all
the
Governours
of
Castles
,
into
Connaght
.
Nay
,
and
over
and
above
,
he
took
Bala-house
,
near
to
Trim
;
and
forced
Finagh
,
and
other
neighbouring
places
,
to
Surrender
.
But
a
greater
storm
was
coming
upon
the
English
out
of
Munster
;
Broghill
takes
the
Bishop
of
Ross
coming
to
the
relief
of
Clonmell
,
and
hangs
him
up
.
for
the
Bishop
of
Ross
pittying
the
Condition
of
so
many
brave
Men
,
that
were
Besieged
in
Clonmel
,
advanced
to
their
relief
with
four
thousand
Foot
,
and
three
hundred
Horse
.
But
Broghill
meeting
him
with
twelve
hundred
Foot
,
and
fourteen
hundred
Horse
,
part
of
which
he
himself
had
,
and
part
he
had
received
from
Cromwell
,
he
easily
defeated
,
and
put
them
all
to
slight
,
having
slain
and
wounded
seven
hundred
,
and
taken
an
hundred
Prisoners
,
and
amongst
them
the
Bishop
,
whom
,
because
he
had
turned
his
Myter
into
a
Helmet
,
and
used
the
Temporal
Sword
,
instead
of
the
Spiritual
,
he
caused
ignominiously
to
be
hanged
before
Caringdred
,
which
Garrison
,
he
having
lately
taken
in
Munster
,
the
Captain
would
not
deliver
up
,
till
he
was
terrified
by
that
sad
Spectacle
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Siege
of
Clonmel
is
carried
on
;
The
Garrison
forsake
Clonmel
,
and
make
their
escape
by
night
:
and
though
the
Garrison
bravely
defended
it
,
and
had
beat
off
the
Enemy
in
a
fierce
Assault
,
with
the
loss
of
Colonel
Culham
,
and
many
others
;
yet
fearing
,
since
there
was
no
hopes
of
Relief
;
that
they
would
at
length
fall
as
Sacrifices
,
under
the
bloody
hands
of
Cromwell
,
packing
up
Bag
and
Baggage
,
about
Mid-night
thay
desert
the
Town
,
and
secure
themselves
by
flight
.
The
Mayor
and
Towns-People
,
destitute
of
Defence
,
without
mentioning
the
departure
of
the
Garrison
,
desire
a
Cessation
and
Parly
;
and
upon
condition
of
saving
their
Houses
from
being
Plundered
,
and
of
liberty
of
living
as
they
had
formerly
done
,
they
very
willingly
open
their
Gates
.
But
the
morning
discovering
the
trick
,
Whom
Cromwell
in
vain
pursues
.
Cromwell
was
vexed
,
and
sends
some
Troops
to
pursue
the
Garrison
in
the
Rear
.
But
they
were
before
got
out
of
reach
,
having
in
the
night
time
past
the
Hills
and
most
difficult
ways
;
but
the
Cromwellians
overtaking
many
Straglers
,
who
by
reason
of
their
Wounds
,
or
other
hindrances
staid
behind
;
amongst
them
there
were
not
a
few
Women
,
put
them
all
without
Mercy
to
the
Sword
.
He
easily
subdues
several
smal
places
.
Afterwards
the
little
Towns
that
lay
about
Duncannon
,
Waterford
,
and
Carlow
,
were
taken
in
,
that
these
stronger
Garrisons
being
more
and
more
straitned
,
if
they
could
not
by
Force
and
Assault
,
they
might
at
least
,
at
length
be
starved
into
a
Complyance
and
Submission
.
The
Exploits
of
the
Elder
Coot
in
Ulster
.
Nor
were
the
other
Cromwellian
Commanders
less
successful
,
in
the
remaing
parts
of
Ireland
.
For
the
Elder
Coot
joyned
to
Venables
in
Vlster
,
not
to
mention
any
but
the
principal
strong
holds
,
took
Culmore
,
Done
,
Ems
Castle
,
seated
in
Logh
Suile
,
Colrane
,
famous
for
a
Salmon
fishing
,
standing
commodiously
upon
the
River
Wane
,
Armagh
,
and
(
the
Scots
and
Irish
,
to
the
number
three
thousand
four
hundred
,
whom
Monro
,
a
Scottish
Man
,
brought
to
raise
the
Siege
,
being
cut
off
)
Karick
Fergus
,
Belfast
,
Castlefordan
,
Carlingford
,
Margraff
,
Monagh
,
and
Liskelagh
.
At
length
he
routed
Eyer-Marmahon
,
Who
takes
the
Bishop
of
Cloger
,
the
General
of
an
Army
,
and
hangs
him
up
.
Bishop
of
Cloger
,
who
,
by
the
Votes
of
the
Vlster
Nobility
,
being
substituted
in
place
of
the
late
Oneal
,
commanded
four
thousand
Foot
,
and
four
hundred
Horse
.
But
coming
to
an
Engagement
,
they
were
all
broken
and
dispersed
,
and
their
Mitered
General
taken
and
Hanged
.
It
is
observable
of
this
Army
,
that
they
were
all
Roman
Catholicks
,
who
upon
that
account
more
confidently
promised
themselves
the
Victory
.
Charlemont
cost
a
great
deal
of
Labour
and
Pains
,
nor
at
length
would
the
Garrison
surrender
it
,
but
upon
very
honourable
terms
.
Huson
also
subdued
Kilmalock
,
Husons
Victories
.
Hariston
,
Hau
,
Blackwater
,
Rabrig
,
Talbo
,
At
h
,
Dermit
Castle
,
and
which
we
mentioned
before
,
Kildare
,
Belsannon
,
and
Lochlin
.
I
purposely
omit
Yekrohan
,
and
other
places
which
Reynolds
and
other
Commanders
subdued
to
the
rest
of
Logh
Foyl
.
It
was
about
the
beginning
of
May
,
Cromwell
,
Ireland
being
almost
subdued
within
the
space
of
a
year
,
is
recalled
for
the
Scottish
expedition
.
when
Cromwell
,
within
less
than
a
year
,
with
wonderful
success
,
having
carried
his
victorious
Ensignes
through
three
Provinces
of
Ireland
,
like
a
thunderbolt
of
War
;
of
whom
it
might
truly
have
been
said
,
(
and
to
his
praise
,
had
he
fought
for
his
Prince
)
Veni
,
vidi
vici
,
I
came
,
I
saw
,
I
overcame
,
is
now
recalled
to
fresh
Labours
,
and
to
a
new
War
against
the
Scots
,
of
which
I
shall
hasten
to
the
Relation
,
after
I
have
given
the
Reader
,
in
one
glance
,
a
view
of
the
remaining
affairs
of
Ireland
.
Cromwell
therefore
hastening
his
expedition
,
leaves
Ireton
,
his
Son
in
Law
,
He
leaves
his
Son
in
Law
,
Ireton
,
General
in
Ireland
;
to
whom
Waterford
being
Besieged
yields
,
upon
Conditions
.
General
of
the
Forces
of
Ireland
;
who
without
longer
delay
besieges
Waterford
,
and
at
the
same
time
two
other
Castles
,
Carlow
and
Duncannon
.
Preston
Commanded
Waterford
;
not
very
willing
to
hold
out
a
place
difficult
to
be
maintained
,
by
reason
it
was
beset
on
all
hands
,
and
no
hopes
of
relief
.
Nevertheless
,
at
first
he
seemed
to
carry
high
,
and
demands
Conditions
accordingly
,
which
being
rejected
by
the
Enemy
,
when
he
perceived
himself
shut
up
within
the
Walls
,
Batteries
raised
,
and
the
great
Guns
begin
to
roar
,
he
abates
a
little
of
his
height
,
and
at
length
condescends
to
these
Articles
:
That
the
Ships
,
Guns
,
Ammunition
,
and
publick
Provisions
,
shall
be
delivered
up
to
the
Common-wealth
.
That
the
Governour
,
all
the
Colonels
,
inferiour
Officers
and
Souldiers
,
with
their
Horses
,
shall
march
out
with
Drums
beating
,
flying
Colours
,
charged
Musquets
,
lighted
Matches
,
and
have
safe
conduct
to
Athlome
.
—
That
the
Sick
and
wounded
Towns-People
shall
remain
there
,
until
they
recover
.
That
such
as
intended
to
transport
their
Families
beyond
Sea
,
shall
have
three
Months
time
to
do
it
in
.
That
those
who
would
stay
at
home
,
shall
be
free
from
all
Injuries
.
That
the
Servants
of
Preston
shall
have
liberty
to
pack
up
,
and
carry
away
all
his
Goods
that
he
hath
,
either
in
this
place
,
And
in
the
same
manner
,
Carlow
and
Duncannon
.
or
else-where
,
at
Carlow
.
In
the
same
manner
,
and
upon
the
same
Conditions
,
out
of
Carlow
and
Duncannon
,
fifteen
hundred
Men
marched
,
all
under
the
Command
of
young
Preston
,
for
the
elder
was
at
that
time
sick
.
But
it
is
now
time
to
return
to
the
Lord
Lieutenant
,
The
Papist
Clergy
basely
affected
towards
the
Lord
Lieutenant
;
whom
,
as
the
Papist
Clergy
had
by
all
means
formerly
withstood
;
so
now
affairs
declining
and
daily
running
into
Ruin
,
they
licentiously
slight
and
despise
;
for
they
grow
openly
mutinous
,
and
infect
others
with
the
same
itch
of
Rioting
.
They
accuse
the
Lord
Lieutenant
in
presence
of
the
Lord
O-Bryan
,
Inchiqueen
,
as
the
Disturber
of
the
Affairs
of
Ireland
,
From
whom
they
endeavour
to
alienate
the
mind
of
Inchiqueen
.
whose
continuing
longer
at
the
Helm
,
would
quickly
be
the
ruin
of
the
Government
;
but
that
if
he
alone
would
undertake
the
management
of
Affairs
,
being
a
person
descended
of
the
ancient
Race
of
their
Kings
,
whom
they
had
found
to
be
a
Valiant
,
Watchful
,
Faithful
,
As
also
the
Lord
Lieutenant
from
Inchiqueen
.
and
Successful
General
,
they
all
promise
to
swear
Obedience
to
him
,
and
willingly
submit
to
his
Government
.
On
the
other
hand
,
they
whisper
the
Lord
Lieutenant
in
the
Ear
,
that
Inchiqueen
,
having
been
an
inveterate
Rebel
,
had
not
as
yet
laid
aside
the
thoughts
of
his
ancient
Enmity
;
nor
would
he
cordially
defend
the
cause
of
those
;
against
whom
he
had
been
so
long
accustomed
to
draw
his
Sword
,
that
if
the
Lord
Lieutenant
would
consent
to
lay
him
aside
,
the
Irish
would
unanimously
joyn
,
and
in
all
things
obey
his
Commands
.
Thus
,
whilst
by
an
abominable
Treachery
and
Hatred
to
either
,
they
strive
to
Calumniate
and
Blacken
both
,
they
make
it
their
business
to
propagate
Faction
and
Divisions
.
But
the
Lord
Lieutenant
meeting
the
Bishops
and
Great
Men
,
earnestly
exhorts
them
,
The
Lord
Lieutenant
exhorts
to
Concord
and
Obedience
,
That
at
length
laying
aside
all
private
Grudges
and
Animosities
,
which
still
remained
to
be
composed
,
they
would
consult
the
Publick
Interest
,
become
Friends
,
and
unanimously
prepare
for
a
more
vigorous
defence
.
That
they
would
reflect
upon
the
great
danger
they
were
in
,
three
Provinces
being
already
almost
wholly
subdued
,
and
the
last
not
like
to
resist
much
longer
.
That
if
his
Government
was
less
grateful
to
them
,
and
was
a
hindrance
to
the
defence
of
the
Country
,
he
would
hasten
his
departure
,
Being
ready
to
renounce
the
Government
for
the
Publick
good
.
and
commit
the
charge
to
another
.
(
For
he
had
already
secretly
obtained
leave
to
depart
,
from
the
King
,
being
still
at
Jersey
,
and
had
got
the
Goverment
conferred
on
Clanricard
.
)
When
they
heard
this
,
all
of
them
pretended
extraordinary
Sorrow
,
that
they
would
submit
to
his
Will
and
Pleasure
,
banish
all
mutual
Jealousies
,
The
Irish
at
present
seem
sorrowful
;
and
perswade
the
Towns
to
Obedience
.
They
departed
with
glad
and
cheerful
Countenances
,
as
abundantly
satisfied
,
though
they
were
still
inwardly
discontented
:
So
true
it
is
,
That
those
whom
God
intends
to
destroy
,
he
first
infatuates
.
For
the
Inhabitants
,
and
Roman
Catholick
Clergy
,
combining
privately
together
,
kept
Clubs
and
Cabals
,
and
dispersed
infamous
Libels
,
wherein
they
shew
the
Rancour
of
their
Minds
,
But
presently
again
fall
to
Calumniating
,
by
calumniating
the
Lord
Lieutenant
,
as
unactive
,
Cowardly
and
Treacherous
;
finding
fault
with
the
Commissions
that
were
granted
to
Officers
of
the
Reformed
Religion
;
and
repining
that
the
War
should
be
committed
to
the
Ca●e
and
Conduct
of
unfit
Men
,
wholly
addicted
to
Whoring
,
Gaming
,
Gluttony
,
and
Impiety
.
The
Bishops
of
Cork
,
and
Toam
,
and
of
Clonfert
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Clergy
,
Thuamensis
,
Clonfertensis
.
And
declare
his
Government
void
.
declare
the
Government
void
,
and
the
Followers
of
the
Lord
Lieutenant
liable
to
Excommunication
.
And
therefore
they
order
the
Army
to
be
Disbanded
before
they
could
think
of
the
raising
of
another
.
Nevertheless
the
Lord
Lieutenant
,
that
he
might
as
much
as
lay
in
his
Power
,
preserve
the
Forces
in
their
Duty
and
Loyalty
to
the
King
,
he
left
the
charge
of
them
to
the
Earl
of
Clanricard
,
with
the
Title
of
Lord
Deputy
,
who
being
admitted
by
the
unanimous
consent
of
all
that
stuck
to
the
Kings
Party
,
He
th●refore
yields
,
and
app●ints
Clanricard
his
Deputy
:
Who
having
made
new
Levies
,
took
upon
himself
the
management
of
the
War
.
A
general
Muster
being
thereupon
appointed
,
new
Levies
are
made
,
the
Souldiers
Exercised
,
necessaries
for
the
War
provided
,
and
all
things
prepared
afresh
,
the
Clergy
being
very
Zealous
,
and
the
People
assistant
in
carrying
on
the
Work
.
About
that
time
Ireton
betook
himself
to
Winter
Quarters
in
Dublin
,
that
he
might
consult
with
the
Commissioners
of
the
Common-wealth
,
about
the
future
War
,
and
other
Affairs
;
having
left
Orders
to
Axtel
,
Governour
of
Kilkenny
,
to
have
an
eye
upon
the
Garrisons
about
Athlome
.
Axtel
,
by
chance
,
whil'st
he
was
upon
Duty
,
Goes
on
prosperously
,
fell
in
with
Clanricards
Men
;
who
passing
the
Shannon
at
Athlome
,
Till
Axtel
,
who
upon
the
first
encounter
had
retreated
,
that
he
might
procure
Recruits
,
had
taken
some
of
Iretons
Garrisons
,
and
had
surprised
more
,
if
he
had
not
come
in
the
nick
of
time
.
They
charge
Axtel
,
who
being
much
inferiour
in
number
,
retreated
a
little
,
until
being
recruited
from
Wexford
,
and
other
places
,
he
had
joyned
thirteen
hundred
men
to
the
eight
hundred
which
he
himself
had
:
and
then
he
made
head
against
the
Enemy
.
But
so
soon
as
they
began
to
Skirmish
,
though
the
Irish
were
five
thousand
Foot
;
and
four
hundred
Horse
strong
,
yet
not
daring
to
venture
a
battel
,
they
retreat
to
the
River
Shannon
,
and
skulk
in
two
Boggs
about
Melecha
fortifying
themselves
with
Poles
and
Stakes
driven
into
the
ground
,
and
filled
up
with
Earth
,
as
by
a
double
Wall
.
However
the
English
,
leaving
no
means
unessayed
,
and
breaking
through
all
impediments
,
bravely
drove
them
out
of
their
Station
,
Beat
him
out
of
his
Camp
fortified
by
two
Lakes
,
and
put
him
to
flight
.
and
destroyed
them
five
hundred
men
,
who
were
partly
slain
and
partly
drowned
.
After
this
overthrow
,
it
was
thought
safer
,
in
the
very
extremity
of
Winter
,
to
keep
the
Souldiers
betwixt
the
Shannon
vast
Lakes
,
and
the
Collough
Mountains
,
than
any
more
to
molest
the
Enemy
,
whom
daily
Success
made
bolder
.
The
Reader
may
be
apt
to
wonder
that
the
Irish
shewed
themselves
so
Cowardly
and
Timerous
,
during
the
whole
Series
of
this
War
,
Why
the
Irish
so
Cowardly
.
as
if
from
Men
they
had
degenerated
into
Women
,
being
every
where
defeated
,
though
they
fought
for
their
Lives
and
Liberties
.
But
whoever
equally
weighs
matters
,
will
easily
leave
off
to
wonder
.
For
on
the
one
hand
,
he
'll
find
the
English
provided
of
all
necessaries
for
a
War
,
They
are
compared
with
the
English
Souldiers
,
unanimous
amongst
themselves
,
all
expert
in
War
,
and
confiding
(
as
it
is
usual
)
in
their
continual
good
Fortune
.
The
Irish
,
on
the
other
hand
,
almost
without
Arms
,
for
most
part
destitute
of
Weapons
,
and
other
necessaries
,
disagreeing
also
amongst
themselves
,
miserably
rent
into
Factions
,
raw
and
unskillful
in
War
,
and
in
a
manner
cowed
by
constant
ill
Fortune
.
Besides
,
they
are
neither
comparable
to
the
English
in
Foot
nor
Horse
,
how
brave
soever
they
be
in
Foreign
Countries
.
The
private
Souldiers
,
I
know
not
whether
it
be
by
the
Skill
and
Knowledge
they
have
of
the
Bogs
and
lurking
Places
,
that
they
are
to
soon
enticed
to
fly
;
or
that
,
through
the
force
of
an
old
Custom
,
they
could
not
but
turn
their
Backs
envied
to
the
Blows
of
the
English
.
Now
,
as
to
their
Horse
,
they
are
far
exceeded
by
the
English
,
not
only
in
number
,
but
also
in
the
quality
of
the
Horses
,
and
Riders
.
The
Horses
,
indeed
,
march
but
softly
,
but
in
bulk
of
Body
,
strength
of
Limbs
,
and
Courage
;
one
Troop
of
them
,
is
worth
three
almost
of
the
Irish
,
and
breaks
Ranks
better
.
And
the
Riders
again
are
for
close
Fighting
,
discharging
their
Pistols
in
the
Enemies
Breast
,
and
laying
about
them
with
their
Swords
.
Hence
it
is
,
that
in
every
Engagment
,
the
Irish
presently
betake
themselves
to
flight
,
nor
can
they
endure
the
looks
,
yea
,
hardly
the
Neighing
of
the
Horses
of
the
English
.
I
hope
the
Reader
will
pardon
me
,
that
I
have
tacked
this
Apology
for
the
Irish
Nation
,
as
an
Appendix
to
the
work
.
I
now
return
to
the
History
.
A
treaty
with
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
.
In
the
very
depth
of
Winter
,
the
Bishop
of
St.
Cathdrin
came
seasonably
,
as
an
Agent
from
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
who
,
as
a
token
of
his
Masters
Affection
,
brought
with
him
a
considerable
sum
of
Money
,
and
promises
of
more
,
if
they
agreed
in
Treaty
,
pretending
great
kindness
to
the
King
,
Kingdom
and
People
.
The
sums
of
the
Proposals
which
he
made
to
the
afflicted
Party
,
was
:
That
the
Duke
with
ten
thousand
Foot
,
five
thousand
Horse
and
thirty
Ships
should
come
into
Ireland
,
and
with
the
Title
of
Protector
carry
on
the
War
.
That
the
Duke
of
York
should
Marry
his
Daughter
.
That
Limmerick
and
Galloway
,
with
the
Magazine
,
Guns
and
Ammunition
should
be
put
into
his
hands
.
That
he
should
have
some
cautionary
Towns
for
security
of
the
Moneys
to
be
raised
.
That
the
Inhabitants
should
have
a
care
to
keep
the
Enemy
out
of
Connaght
until
his
Arrival
.
These
Conditions
were
debated
,
but
whether
agreed
to
or
not
,
I
am
uncertain
;
and
the
Envoy
departed
to
acquaint
his
master
with
his
proceedings
.
But
fruitless
.
But
that
Atlas
was
not
strong
enough
to
support
the
falling
Firmament
;
and
there
was
so
much
time
spent
in
the
Treaty
,
that
the
oppportunity
of
relief
being
past
,
shewed
only
its
bald
Poll
instead
of
the
favourable
Forelock
.
The
Spring
began
now
to
come
on
;
but
Ireland
seemed
to
be
in
its
autumn
ready
to
be
cut
down
.
All
that
Clanricard
could
do
,
was
to
shew
his
tayl
,
and
flap
with
some
convulsive
motions
and
vibrations
of
a
dying
Nation
,
Clanricard
.
stops
all
the
passages
for
the
enemy
into
Connaght
.
like
the
last
blaze
of
an
expiring
light
.
He
views
all
places
,
by
which
the
Enemy
might
break
into
Connaght
;
he
posts
Soldiers
at
all
the
passes
of
the
river
Shannon
,
as
also
at
the
river
Rour
and
the
Collough
mountains
,
wherever
any
passage
might
be
found
.
In
the
mean
time
Ireton
call'd
Coot
out
of
Vlster
,
with
two
thousand
horse
and
as
many
good
foot
,
that
he
might
come
and
join
him
near
Galloway
.
Coot
that
he
might
deceive
the
Enemy
,
pretends
that
he
is
to
march
to
Slego
,
and
there
stops
,
as
if
he
were
about
to
besiege
that
Castle
;
until
he
had
drawn
thither
all
the
Irish
Forces
:
Yet
Coot
by
stratagem
having
past
the
Collough
mountains
got
into
it
:
From
thence
turning
suddenly
back
again
,
he
found
a
pretty
easy
passage
over
the
tops
of
the
Collough
hills
.
Now
must
I
relate
by
what
means
Ireton
got
into
Connaght
.
He
;
(
having
left
Broghill
in
Munster
,
Ingoldsby
in
the
parts
opposite
to
Limmerick
,
Huson
in
West
Weath
,
Venables
in
Canan
,
and
Zankie
in
Tipparary
)
he
marches
to
the
River
Shannon
,
and
at
three
several
places
together
,
Ireton
passes
the
river
Shannon
at
three
places
.
(
not
without
suspicion
of
Treachery
at
Killalve
)
he
passes
over
his
Forces
,
the
Foot
in
boats
,
and
the
Horse
for
most
part
swimming
:
Whilst
Huson
in
the
mean
time
alarm'd
Abhalone
,
as
if
he
were
ready
to
attack
it
.
Clanricard's
men
being
beat
out
of
all
places
,
he
then
over
a
wooden
Bridge
sends
over
his
Canon
and
Baggage
;
and
without
longer
delay
joins
Coot
,
as
it
had
been
agreed
upon
.
Athalone
with
other
Garrisons
are
presently
taken
.
The
Enemy
being
too
weak
to
make
resistance
,
Athalone
,
Portumna
,
Tagera
and
some
lesser
Garrisons
are
taken
.
Then
having
divided
the
Army
,
Coot
marches
to
Galloway
,
Ireton
to
Limmerick
,
Farell
being
forced
to
retreat
,
Coot
attacks
Galloway
.
Coot
had
already
forced
Farel
with
an
Army
of
three
or
four
thousand
men
to
retreat
into
the
Woods
,
Bogs
and
other
unaccessible
places
about
Galloway
;
and
therefore
daring
to
approach
nearer
the
place
,
he
encamps
and
entrenches
himself
,
and
so
summons
the
Town
to
surrender
.
He
is
answered
,
That
if
Conditions
were
offered
for
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Ireland
,
they
would
willingly
listen
unto
them
.
But
seeing
he
would
grant
none
but
private
and
particular
Articles
,
both
Parties
prepare
for
a
Siege
.
In
the
mean
time
Limmerick
is
blockt
up
on
all
sides
,
the
river
Shannon
being
also
stopt
.
Ireton
besieges
Limmerick
.
They
had
for
about
three
weeks
expected
succours
from
Muskery
,
whose
motion
Broghil
observing
he
had
opportunely
beat
him
off
,
destroyed
and
dispersed
his
Forces
.
The
City
is
therefore
incessantly
batter'd
,
and
the
approaches
carried
on
to
the
very
Walls
.
Nor
was
the
danger
within
the
walls
less
than
without
;
the
Plague
having
long
raged
amongst
the
Inhabitants
,
and
intestine
divisions
a
no
less
grievous
Plague
daily
increasing
amongst
them
.
Some
,
are
for
surrendering
the
Town
forthwith
,
others
again
,
for
suffering
rather
the
utmost
extremity
.
The
opinion
that
was
for
a
surrender
prevailing
,
Which
upon
Arti●les
agreed
upon
,
but
not
signed
,
is
surrendered
to
him
.
they
came
to
Articles
;
which
before
they
were
signed
the
Gates
were
opened
,
and
the
Castle
delivered
to
the
Enemy
as
an
Hostage
.
The
Conditions
were
;
That
the
Soldiers
should
lay
down
their
Arms
,
and
depart
whither
they
pleased
,
except
those
who
had
embrew'd
their
hands
in
the
innocent
Blood
of
the
English
.
That
all
the
Arms
Guns
,
Ammunition
and
publick
stores
should
be
delivered
into
the
possession
of
the
Conquerour
.
That
those
that
had
a
mind
to
be
gone
,
should
have
time
to
pack
up
their
Goods
,
and
Ships
to
transport
them
whithersoever
they
pleased
.
That
four
and
twenty
should
be
left
to
the
mercy
of
the
Conquerour
.
So
fell
that
beautiful
and
Rich
Town
,
much
frequented
by
reason
of
the
advantages
of
the
Sea
and
of
the
River
Shannon
,
and
strongly
fortified
but
withal
proud
of
its
own
Strength
,
Wealth
and
Riches
;
which
,
if
it
had
not
been
divided
,
and
if
it
had
not
again
with
a
stiffness
refused
to
obey
the
Governours
,
would
not
in
so
short
a
time
,
and
with
so
small
a
loss
of
Blood
have
fallen
into
the
Enemy's
hands
.
He
causes
the
Bishop
of
Ferne
and
some
others
to
be
hanged
.
The
Bishop
of
Ferne
with
many
others
are
hanged
:
And
the
Bishop
of
Limmerick
made
his
escape
in
disguise
.
The
death
and
character
of
Ireton
.
But
the
place
was
fatal
to
the
Conquerour
;
for
as
Limmerick
fell
,
Ireton
dies
;
concerning
whom
,
since
from
a
mean
extraction
he
mounted
to
the
Pinacle
of
Government
,
it
will
not
be
amiss
that
I
speak
a
little
.
In
Trinity
Colledge
of
Oxford
he
was
initiated
in
the
liberal
Arts
,
and
made
therein
no
contemptible
Progress
,
afterward
he
applied
himself
to
the
Study
of
the
Common
Law
in
the
Temple
;
in
which
having
got
a
little
smattering
,
from
his
very
Youth
he
drank
in
the
Errours
of
the
Anabaptists
,
and
assisted
the
Fanaticks
in
drawing
up
a
Petition
against
the
holy
order
of
Episcopacy
;
which
was
afterwards
by
Pennington
and
a
numerous
rabble
of
Londoners
,
ready
at
that
time
for
such
attempts
,
presented
to
the
Parliament
.
Not
long
after
,
the
Troubles
daily
encreasing
,
he
struck
in
with
Cromwel
when
he
was
in
the
Isle
of
Ely
being
first
admitted
into
his
Quarters
,
then
by
Cromwel
being
made
Governour
of
the
whole
Island
,
he
was
presently
after
advanced
to
be
his
Son
in
law
.
Having
there
served
an
Apprentiship
,
he
enured
his
body
to
the
War
,
by
a
voluntary
lying
upon
the
ground
,
fasting
,
watching
and
exercises
,
before
he
came
to
the
Tryal
of
it
,
until
by
degrees
he
at
length
,
advanced
almost
to
the
Chief
command
in
the
Army
.
Hence
forward
he
became
his
inseperable
Companion
;
especially
in
assisting
him
in
all
Declarations
,
Articles
,
Letters
and
Treaties
that
were
to
be
made
.
He
grew
indefatigable
in
labour
and
pains
,
being
accustomed
to
spend
night
and
day
in
his
head-piece
and
boots
;
and
in
ordering
of
Civil
Affairs
also
to
watch
till
midnight
at
length
,
as
the
Devil
would
have
it
,
he
was
one
of
the
chief
in
shedding
of
the
Royal
Blood
,
his
Memory
,
for
that
unparalelled
Villany
,
being
execrable
to
all
Posterity
.
In
Ireland
he
always
stood
by
the
Anabaptistical
Fanaticks
,
relying
upon
their
counsels
for
these
he
gave
his
Vote
both
in
Civil
and
Military
Affaires
;
and
with
them
filled
the
Towns
,
Councils
and
Camp
.
At
length
this
most
cruel
Pest
of
his
Countrey
,
died
of
the
contagious
Plague
.
Though
he
was
removed
,
Galloway
prest
Coot
,
yet
the
War
still
goes
on
.
For
Coot
with
the
unanimous
consent
of
the
Commanders
,
from
Limmerick
marches
to
the
Siege
of
Galloway
,
which
they
straitly
blockt
up
both
by
Sea
and
Lannd
,
Clanricard
,
having
got
leave
to
depart
:
Nor
was
it
long
before
it
was
delivered
to
the
Enemy
,
upon
Conditions
not
unlike
to
those
of
Limmerick
.
Is
taken
.
And
thus
Galloway
,
the
most
noted
staple
of
all
Ireland
,
strong
in
fortifications
,
considerable
for
buildings
,
riches
,
numerousness
of
inhabitants
,
and
open
trade
by
Sea
,
submits
to
the
yoke
of
the
Enemies
,
in
resisting
of
whom
they
had
formerly
denied
the
Lord
Lieutenant
their
assistance
.
And
also
consumed
by
the
Plague
.
But
as
if
they
had
not
been
sufficiently
punished
by
War
,
the
hand
of
God
chastised
them
with
a
severe
punishment
,
a
following
Plague
having
within
the
space
of
a
year
and
a
half
swept
away
twelve
thousand
of
the
Inhabitants
.
Now
was
Ireland
fully
subdued
;
Ireland
being
now
totally
subdued
,
is
governed
by
four
Commissioners
.
and
henceforward
the
pleasure
of
the
Commissioners
went
for
Law
;
they
being
Jones
,
Corbet
,
Ludlow
,
and
Weaver
.
To
these
it
seemed
good
to
begin
their
Government
by
the
suppression
of
the
Tories
;
a
kind
of
robbers
who
have
always
,
Who
first
suppress
the
Tories
.
but
not
in
so
great
numbers
infested
Ireland
.
Nor
is
it
a
new
thing
amongst
barbarous
Nations
,
who
whenever
they
find
themselves
oppressed
by
the
Governours
of
Provinces
,
or
otherwaies
have
run
out
their
Estates
and
are
broken
,
presently
to
shake
off
the
Laws
,
Publick
enemies
.
refuse
to
labour
the
Ground
,
and
despise
Trades
.
Wherefore
they
betake
themselves
to
the
Mountains
,
Desarts
,
Bogs
and
Rocks
,
according
as
the
Countrey
is
naturally
fortified
,
declare
War
against
all
other
Mortals
,
and
live
by
Rapine
.
Such
are
the
Banditi
in
Italy
and
Spain
,
the
Cossacks
to
Poland
,
and
others
in
other
Countreys
;
and
that
we
may
not
go
far
for
an
example
of
such
wickedness
,
such
are
the
Moss
Troopers
in
Scotland
,
as
will
hereafter
appear
.
For
these
in
the
night
time
lurk
in
Woods
,
Caves
and
Dens
;
but
in
the
day
time
break
out
suddenly
upon
Travellers
,
or
men
about
their
lawful
Business
,
and
rob
them
both
of
Life
and
Money
.
And
as
often
as
they
get
together
into
a
body
,
with
desperate
Barbarity
,
they
burn
and
pillage
Villages
,
add
presently
betake
themselves
to
their
lurking
holes
again
.
They
are
a
kind
of
land
Pirats
;
who
wandring
amongst
Lakes
and
Bogs
,
according
to
the
light-footedness
of
the
Nation
,
they
safely
skip
over
the
Quagmires
and
loose
ground
,
wherein
strangers
unacquainted
with
the
places
that
follow
them
commonly
stick
.
They
therefore
give
orders
to
the
Soldiers
,
who
had
now
nothing
else
to
do
,
to
divide
themselves
into
small
parties
,
and
so
to
environ
,
hunt
,
and
kill
them
like
wild
Beasts
,
which
being
done
,
they
either
mutually
betrayed
one
another
,
or
found
their
holds
and
lurking
places
to
be
so
unsafe
for
them
,
that
in
two
years
time
there
was
none
of
those
Enemies
of
mankind
any where
to
be
seen
.
In
the
mean
time
,
It
is
consulted
about
a
Successor
to
the
late
Ireton
.
Lambert
is
chosen
Deputy
of
Ireland
.
the
Rump-Parliament
consult
about
a
Deputy
,
who
might
succeed
to
Ireton
,
and
sit
at
the
Helm
in
the
administration
of
the
Affairs
of
Ireland
;
and
by
unanimous
Vote
they
pitch
upon
Lambert
.
But
whilst
he
is
prepairing
for
his
passage
with
greater
Pomp
than
the
times
required
,
Whose
Commission
,
whilst
,
whether
it
happened
by
the
advice
of
the
Commissioners
(
who
at
that
time
affecting
Equality
,
did
not
like
such
preeminence
)
or
through
the
cunning
of
Cromwell
,
(
at
whose
beck
the
Affairs
of
Ireland
were
managed
,
and
who
had
lately
privately
married
his
Daughter
,
Iretons
Widow
to
Colonel
Fleetwood
,
)
The
Rump-Parliament
changing
their
resolution
,
He
is
commanded
to
supply
onely
the
place
of
a
Commissioner
.
he
has
orders
to
lay
aside
his
Title
to
Deputy
,
and
go
over
to
Ireland
as
a
Commissioner
.
Which
,
Lambert
a
man
most
ambitious
of
Rule
,
and
impatient
to
be
baffled
in
the
Honour
that
had
been
promised
him
;
taking
ill
,
and
far
worse
,
that
the
Command
of
the
Army
should
be
divided
amongst
men
unacquainted
with
War
,
he
thought
it
better
wholely
to
renounce
the
Government
of
Ireland
.
Fleetwood
therefore
,
embracing
the
same
Conditions
,
having
celebrated
his
marriage
with
the
aforementioned
Widow
,
Lambert
refusing
,
Fleetwood
is
sent
.
passes
over
into
Ireland
in
Quality
of
chief
of
the
Commissioners
,
and
besides
of
Major
General
.
Now
that
the
Reader
may
know
who
this
man
was
,
and
to
give
some
light
to
what
follows
after
,
His
Character
.
I
thought
fit
to
premise
these
few
things
.
He
was
the
son
of
a
Knight
,
the
youngest
of
many
Brothers
,
who
,
to
get
an
honest
living
,
applied
himself
to
the
study
of
the
common
Law
;
untill
that
the
flame
of
Civil
War
spreading
,
he
changed
his
profession
,
turned
Soldier
,
and
under
the
Earl
of
Essex
served
as
a
Gentleman
Volunteer
.
Afterwards
rising
from
one
degree
to
another
,
till
he
became
a
Colonel
,
he
aspired
to
the
marriage
of
Cromwell's
Daughter
,
(
as
we
have
now
related
)
she
being
a
Widow
and
he
a
Widower
.
His
Religion
from
the
Cradle
was
of
the
strickt
new
Cut
;
and
if
he
was
not
a
stout
professour
of
Anabaptism
,
yet
he
loved
to
be
thought
a
great
favourer
of
it
,
not
onely
that
he
might
serve
a
turn
,
and
engage
in
a
reciprocal
aid
and
benevolence
,
but
because
he
was
inwardly
and
sincerely
so
.
As
he
was
no
cunning
man
himself
,
so
neither
was
he
reckoned
a
a
great
prier
into
the
Counsils
of
other
men
:
And
being
so
qualified
,
he
became
dear
to
the
common
Soldiers
,
and
for
that
no
ways
suspected
by
the
more
Powerful
.
In
a
word
,
he
was
no
ill
man
,
but
that
by
taking
up
Arms
against
his
own
King
;
he
had
for
ever
stained
his
Reputation
by
the
horrid
Crime
of
Treason
and
Rebellion
.
The
broken
remnant
of
the
Irish
forces
yield
to
Broghill
,
Now
were
the
Rump-Parliament
masters
of
all
Ireland
,
except
of
a
few
scattered
Forces
,
who
here
and
there
lurked
in
obscure
and
unaccessible
places
:
Of
whom
the
greatest
part
sculked
in
Munster
,
under
the
command
of
Sullivan
O-Beare
;
and
some
in
Vlster
under
Farel
.
The
former
at
length
submit
to
Broghill
;
but
upon
this
Condition
,
that
they
might
go
beyond
Sea
,
in
Ships
provided
by
the
Rump-Parliament
for
that
affect
:
And
Ludlow
;
the
latter
,
to
Colonel
Ludlow
,
upon
the
same
Conditions
.
Having
first
obtained
liberty
to
go
beyond
Sea
.
And
afterwards
all
the
Military
part
of
the
Nation
followed
their
example
,
and
six
and
twenty
thousand
departed
the
Kingdome
,
some
to
Spain
,
some
to
France
,
and
the
rest
whither
they
pleased
,
the
English
accommodating
them
with
Vessels
for
their
Transportation
;
so
that
within
the
space
of
eight
months
,
Ireland
was
left
destitute
of
all
its
fighting
Men
,
as
being
impatient
of
the
English
yoke
.
Then
was
a
High
Court
of
Justice
Erected
,
consisting
of
most
of
every
Sect
of
the
Counties
,
where
that
assembly
met
,
sometimes
Cook
,
and
sometimes
another
presiding
there
,
for
a
strict
enquiring
into
,
and
no
less
severe
punishment
of
those
who
were
the
beginners
of
the
Rebellion
.
No
man
was
pardoned
,
who
had
dipt
his
Hands
in
the
Blood
of
the
English
.
But
of
that
sort
of
Men
,
all
Ireland
could
not
furnish
above
two
hundred
,
The
first
Authors
of
the
Rebellion
are
brought
to
Tryal
;
so
great
a
havock
had
either
the
Sword
or
Plague
made
,
or
else
the
rest
mingling
with
those
who
departed
the
Ringdom
,
under
that
disguise
seasonably
withdrew
;
or
at
least
there
were
not
English
enough
left
to
be
Witnesses
of
their
Barbarity
.
But
it
will
not
be
amiss
to
mention
one
,
or
two
of
the
most
obstinate
Rebells
;
such
as
Philem
Oneal
,
by
the
Pope
,
Especially
Phi-Oneal
,
and
Luke-O-Tool
,
created
Earl
of
Vlster
,
and
Luke
O-Tool
.
Lying
Fame
had
spread
it
abroad
,
that
Charles
the
First
had
granted
those
two
liberty
to
stir
up
the
Rebellion
,
that
he
might
cut
out
work
for
the
Parliament
,
that
then
was
bent
upon
Sedition
.
This
base
and
false
Rumour
was
industriously
fomented
by
the
Parliamentarians
,
that
they
might
load
the
best
of
Kings
with
Envy
;
nor
indeed
did
the
Irish
at
that
time
endeavour
to
falsifie
the
Report
:
of
this
both
of
them
are
accused
:
but
though
they
had
hopes
given
them
of
Life
and
Reward
,
if
they
would
confess
,
yet
,
with
solemn
Imprecations
,
both
of
them
acquitted
the
King
;
Who
at
their
death
acquitted
the
King
from
a
false
and
scandal●
〈◊〉
report
.
and
by
the
just
Judgment
of
God
,
though
by
the
hands
of
unjust
Men
,
they
payed
the
just
reward
of
Rebellion
and
Murder
with
their
Lives
,
and
were
Hanged
.
So
sure
is
Justice
,
though
sometimes
she
be
slow
in
pursuing
Malefactors
.
The
Plague
rages
in
Ireland
,
About
that
time
the
Plague
raged
all
over
Ireland
,
as
if
Humane
Vengeance
were
not
sufficient
to
chastise
the
madness
of
that
Nation
,
without
the
concurrence
of
the
Divine
.
This
was
the
grievous
Sickness
of
any
that
for
fifty
years
backwards
,
had
plagued
that
whole
Nation
;
so
that
(
which
is
strange
)
there
was
but
one
House
free
in
all
Dublin
.
Especially
at
Dublin
:
And
that
they
might
suffer
under
a
double
Pestilence
,
the
profane
People
,
laying
aside
all
sense
of
Shame
,
became
more
Lewd
and
Licentions
both
towards
God
and
Man
;
just
as
in
the
time
of
Thucydides
,
when
the
Laws
of
God
and
Man
were
equally
despised
.
And
a
grievous
Famine
also
.
Not
long
before
,
if
not
about
the
same
time
,
so
great
a
scarcity
and
Famine
was
sent
upon
them
from
above
,
that
,
with
horrour
,
I
mention
it
,
the
starved
Mothers
Sacrificed
to
their
Bellies
the
dear
Fruit
of
their
Wombs
;
nor
(
as
it
is
written
of
Saguntum
)
could
inexorable
hunger
be
satisfied
with
less
than
humane
Flesh
.
Now
though
these
Evils
fell
heaviest
upon
the
Irish
,
Both
English
and
Irish
are
burdened
with
Taxes
.
yet
it
is
not
to
be
omitted
,
that
a
most
heavy
Tax
,
of
six
and
thirty
thousand
pounds
per
Month
,
was
imposed
equally
upon
the
English
and
Irish
;
and
that
upon
the
Irish
too
,
when
so
many
Lands
and
Estates
lay
desolate
without
Possessours
,
and
when
there
were
neither
Men
nor
Cattle
to
labour
the
Land
;
especially
by
reason
of
the
multitude
of
Tories
,
who
every
where
carried
away
the
Fruits
and
Corn
,
so
that
some
Landlords
being
disappointed
of
the
hopes
of
their
Crops
,
betook
themselves
to
flight
;
others
complained
that
their
Crops
were
not
sufficient
to
furnish
them
with
Bread
,
and
other
necessaries
for
their
Families
;
and
not
a
few
sold
their
Inheritances
for
two
or
three
years
purchase
.
In
the
mean
time
the
idle
Souldiers
,
The
Souldiers
in
the
mean
time
live
at
their
ease
,
and
the
Commanders
grow
rich
.
to
the
number
of
twenty
thousand
,
and
the
most
of
them
Anabaptists
,
alone
live
plentifully
upon
the
Money
they
got
in
Ireland
,
and
the
Pay
they
received
in
England
,
and
their
Commanders
heaped
up
Estates
.
All
Law
being
administred
at
the
pleasure
of
four
or
five
Judges
,
All
Law
in
a
manner
Arbitrary
.
was
in
a
manner
Arbitrary
;
and
depended
upon
the
Wills
of
the
Commissioners
,
and
chief
Commanders
of
the
Army
;
nay
,
and
sometimes
of
the
Souldiers
,
especially
the
Anabaptists
,
against
whose
Judgment
,
if
the
Court
at
any
time
pronounced
,
they
cry
out
of
the
breach
of
Faith
,
and
the
violation
of
the
Laws
of
God
and
Man
.
About
that
time
the
Rebels
surprised
two
or
three
very
strong
Forts
,
near
Galloway
,
Some
Forts
surprised
by
the
Rebells
,
are
recovered
by
Reynolds
.
Emsbuffen
,
Ernescrought
,
and
Arran
,
which
were
scituate
in
some
of
the
numerous
Islands
on
that
Coast
.
But
Reynolds
having
conveyed
over
fifteen
hundred
Men
upon
Planks
,
reduced
them
to
his
Obedience
,
giving
the
men
liberty
to
remove
to
other
places
.
At
length
they
came
to
the
division
and
distribution
of
the
Lands
and
Possessions
of
the
Irish
,
That
all
might
receive
their
shares
,
The
distribution
of
the
Irish
Lands
,
as
a
punishment
for
their
Rebellion
.
which
either
they
had
gained
in
the
Wars
,
or
by
Moneys
subscribed
and
payed
in
the
year
1642
,
for
suppressing
the
Rebellion
,
they
had
purchased
upon
the
publick
Faith
.
But
upon
the
first
publication
many
are
accused
of
the
same
Crime
;
Many
of
the
Kings
Party
fall
under
the
same
censure
.
as
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
,
Lord
Inchiqueen
,
and
as
many
as
had
been
for
the
King
,
and
had
put
a
stop
to
the
impetuous
torrent
of
the
first
Rebellion
:
And
tho
whatever
was
remaining
in
Ireland
,
was
due
to
their
Faithfulness
and
Valour
,
yet
they
stick
in
the
same
Mire
,
and
are
made
liable
to
the
forfeiture
of
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
:
nor
were
any
to
be
spared
,
who
enjoy'd
plentiful
Estates
,
or
had
enough
to
stay
the
voracious
Appetites
of
those
insatiable
Harpies
.
Nay
,
if
they
could
find
out
any
one
that
for
the
space
of
a
day
,
had
fallen
off
from
the
Obedience
of
the
Rump-Parliament
,
he
came
off
very
well
,
if
he
was
but
only
sequestrated
;
and
redeemed
his
Sequestration
at
two
years
purchase
of
his
Estate
.
The
Popish
Nobles
are
condemned
of
Treason
.
All
the
Popish
Nobles
,
who
had
,
either
in
the
beginning
been
Rebels
,
or
afterwards
born
Arms
for
the
King
,
are
condemned
of
High
Treason
,
their
Estates
forfeited
,
and
their
Lives
also
,
The
Neutrals
are
fined
in
a
fifth
part
of
their
Estates
.
if
they
could
be
apprehended
,
Both
the
English
and
the
Irish
Papists
,
who
had
been
Neutro
,
and
favoured
neither
side
,
are
Fined
in
the
fifth
part
of
their
Estates
to
be
Levied
into
the
Exchequer
.
Strife
betwixt
the
new
and
old
Souldiers
about
dividing
the
Spoil
,
But
for
easing
of
the
Publick
Charges
,
there
was
a
heavy
dispute
betwixt
the
new
Souldiers
,
that
came
lately
over
into
Ireland
,
under
the
Command
of
Cromwell
,
and
the
Veterans
,
who
had
served
the
Parliament
,
in
suppressing
the
Rebellion
in
its
first
rise
.
These
the
new
Souldiers
endeavoured
by
all
means
to
have
disbanded
,
as
being
for
the
most
part
Anabaptists
,
and
Sectarians
;
and
,
indeed
,
their
Intention
was
to
cheat
them
of
their
pay
,
and
promised
dividend
of
Lands
.
But
the
ancient
Souldiers
refusing
to
be
so
dismissed
,
after
much
jangling
and
debate
,
Is
at
length
composed
.
at
length
they
agreed
Friendly
upon
these
Articles
;
to
wit
,
that
being
disbanded
,
they
should
monthly
receive
half
pay
,
untill
the
distribution
of
the
Lands
should
be
made
,
and
that
they
should
enjoy
their
due
proportion
of
the
same
.
With
this
they
were
pleased
,
and
had
it
in
a
great
part
performed
.
They
had
often
laboured
hard
about
the
dividing
and
appropriating
of
the
Irish
Lands
:
Mathematicians
met
,
and
laying
their
Heads
together
made
Divisions
;
but
in
a
rude
manner
only
,
by
a
general
Estimate
,
some
by
the
view
,
others
by
measuring
.
But
neither
way
could
they
find
half
enough
to
satisfie
the
Creditors
,
till
they
came
to
William
Petty
,
The
way
of
measuring
the
Lands
invented
by
Sir
William
Petty
,
a
Doctor
of
Physick
.
a
Doctor
of
Physick
,
but
a
most
expert
Geometrician
,
who
is
now
,
by
the
bounty
of
the
King
,
Knighted
.
He
undertook
,
in
the
space
of
thirteen
Months
,
to
measure
all
Ireland
,
(
in
respect
of
forfeited
Lands
)
Geometrically
,
and
to
allow
every
one
their
several
Portions
:
and
,
indeed
,
performed
it
.
For
having
got
several
expert
Artists
for
making
his
Instruments
,
he
divided
the
work
of
Surveying
into
five
or
six
parts
,
assigning
each
part
fit
and
proper
Instruments
:
and
taught
ingenious
Men
how
they
should
set
about
their
several
Provinces
;
whilst
he
himself
sitting
at
home
could
,
upon
their
reports
,
calculate
and
compare
the
whole
.
By
this
means
he
measured
five
millions
,
or
more
,
of
English
Acres
;
and
by
the
help
of
a
Chain
,
and
other
Instruments
,
he
ran
over
an
hundred
thousand
Miles
,
five
times
the
circumference
of
the
World
.
So
is
all
Ireland
divided
into
parts
,
and
every
one
has
his
share
by
lot
.
Now
do
the
Sectarian
Vultures
,
from
all
parts
,
The
Sectarians
flocking
together
in
Troops
,
come
flocking
to
the
rich
Spoiles
of
Ireland
,
as
to
a
fat
Carcass
,
and
,
like
Locusts
,
devour
all
the
Provinces
;
of
which
,
Cromwell
having
had
notice
,
least
such
a
confluence
of
People
,
might
occasion
Sedition
,
especially
seeing
he
perceived
the
Anabaptists
and
Sectarians
always
skrewing
themselves
into
profitable
places
,
both
Civil
and
Military
,
who
being
for
the
most
part
Democratical
,
would
not
fail
to
oppose
that
Sublimity
and
Pre-eminence
,
to
which
he
aspired
,
that
he
might
crush
the
Serpent
in
the
Egg
,
and
baffle
their
Power
,
as
if
he
minded
other
Affairs
;
Cromwell
calls
home
Fleetwood
from
Ireland
,
he
recalls
from
Ireland
his
Son
in
Law
,
Fleetwood
,
upon
pretext
of
using
his
Council
at
home
,
but
in
reallity
,
that
he
might
have
an
eye
over
the
designs
and
motions
of
the
Man
,
and
by
taking
off
the
Head
and
Patron
,
As
being
too
favourable
to
them
:
And
sends
his
Son
Henry
at
first
as
his
Substitute
,
disappoint
the
Practices
and
Councils
of
the
Democraticks
.
Therefore
,
in
place
of
Fleetwood
,
he
sends
Henry
,
the
younger
of
his
two
Sons
,
into
Ireland
,
but
not
as
his
Successour
,
only
with
the
Title
of
a
Commissioner
,
and
Major
General
of
the
Army
:
And
having
for
two
years
space
made
a
tryal
of
his
Juvenile
Prudence
,
he
raised
him
to
a
higher
degree
.
Henry
took
it
ill
at
first
,
to
be
denied
the
Honour
of
a
Title
,
when
he
had
the
Power
given
him
;
and
being
instigated
by
the
whisperings
of
Flatterers
,
he
desired
of
his
Father
,
that
he
might
Govern
Ireland
with
the
Name
of
Deputy
.
But
Cromwell
,
not
without
a
check
,
denying
it
,
that
unseasonable
Ambition
was
stifled
in
the
bud
.
But
whil'st
he
alone
sat
at
the
Helm
,
two
other
Commissioners
,
or
rather
Privy-Counsellors
,
Hammond
and
Goodwin
are
added
.
Who
in
the
first
place
takes
upon
him
the
care
of
Religion
,
He
made
it
his
chief
business
,
in
the
first
place
,
to
restore
the
Worship
of
God
,
tho
not
to
its
ancient
Beauty
,
yet
to
some
better
Order
;
by
degrees
giving
back
the
Churches
and
Pulpits
,
which
were
wholly
possessed
by
the
Anabaptists
,
to
the
Ministers
.
Nay
,
he
caused
his
own
Child
to
be
publickly
Baptized
in
the
Cathedral-Church
,
a
rare
thing
at
that
time
,
and
made
a
Christening
Feast
.
And
farther
,
he
protected
the
Preachers
from
all
Affronts
,
Of
the
Preachers
,
and
the
troublesome
interruptions
of
the
Sectaries
,
in
time
of
Divine
Service
.
Now
does
the
Colledge
of
Dublin
,
which
had
been
long
neglected
,
raise
its
head
out
of
Obscurity
.
And
of
the
Colledge
,
Henry
himself
being
chosen
the
Chancellour
,
or
Patron
thereof
;
nay
,
School-Exercises
,
(
but
after
the
Presbyterian
way
)
and
Degrees
in
Arts
and
Professions
are
instituted
:
and
which
was
most
acceptable
to
the
Scholars
,
at
his
own
Charges
he
bought
the
Library
of
Vsher
,
Archbishop
of
Armagh
,
not
to
be
named
but
with
Honour
,
and
made
a
present
of
it
to
the
Colledge
.
Nor
was
he
less
careful
of
the
Civil
,
As
also
of
Civil
affairs
of
Justice
,
than
Ecclesiastical
affairs
;
for
Justice
in
the
Courts
began
now
to
shew
it self
,
as
much
as
it
could
under
a
Tyrannical
and
Violent
Government
.
Stately
Houses
were
built
in
the
Cities
,
And
Trade
▪
and
the
Country
abounded
in
Pasture
and
Corn.
Trade
began
also
to
flourish
,
in
exporting
to
all
places
Tallow
,
Hides
,
Salt
Flesh
and
Fish
,
and
Ambergrise
.
Henry
moreover
allowed
a
free
access
to
all
,
and
liberty
of
petitioning
;
nay
,
and
illustrated
his
Bounty
with
some
kind
beams
towards
the
Royalists
,
The
Royalists
being
received
more
mildly
.
by
easing
those
who
had
been
forfeited
and
sequestrated
,
remitting
one
half
of
the
Money
,
that
had
been
imposed
upon
them
,
giving
gracious
words
;
liberty
of
playing
with
him
,
and
many
times
admitting
them
to
his
Table
.
Steel
,
at
the
Sollicitation
of
Fleetwood
,
His
Assistants
and
Counsellers
.
is
made
Chancellour
of
Ireland
,
which
rouzed
a
little
the
drooping
Minds
of
the
Sectaries
;
but
,
which
was
soon
dashed
,
by
the
advancement
of
Berry
to
the
place
of
Baron
of
the
Exchequer
,
and
of
Pepis
to
that
of
Lord
Chief
Justice
,
who
both
stuck
close
to
Henry
.
In
Council
he
made
use
of
Broghill
,
Coot
,
and
Hill
,
and
of
the
same
,
with
Morgan
and
some
others
in
the
Army
,
governing
the
Common-wealth
very
well
,
according
to
the
present
state
of
Affairs
.
Cromwell
calls
a
Parliament
at
London
.
About
that
time
a
Parliament
is
called
at
London
,
to
consist
of
Members
of
the
three
Kingdoms
,
thirty
being
nominated
for
Ireland
.
In
it
the
Irish
Papists
accused
of
Treason
,
are
declared
Rebels
,
and
therefore
their
Estates
and
Inheritances
are
forfeited
;
for
discovering
of
whom
,
The
Irish
are
commanded
to
Abjure
Popery
.
Henry's
clemency
,
as
to
that
particular
.
a
strict
Oath
of
Abjuration
of
Popery
is
imposed
upon
all
suspected
Persons
;
in
the
execution
whereof
,
Henry
shewed
himself
merciful
,
and
very
seldom
put
any
to
that
Tryal
.
But
the
division
and
distribution
of
the
Lands
,
which
was
heretofore
appointed
and
begun
,
is
now
brought
to
an
issue
.
The
Irish
are
enjoyned
to
transplant
themselves
into
Connaght
,
The
transplanting
of
all
the
Irish
into
Connaght
,
is
again
brought
upon
the
Stage
,
being
the
invention
of
one
Spencer
,
who
,
by
way
of
Dialogue
,
wrote
of
the
affairs
of
Ireland
,
and
afterwards
insisted
upon
by
Ireton
,
who
by
all
means
commended
the
practice
thereof
.
Now
are
all
commanded
to
pack
up
bag
and
baggage
,
change
their
Habitation
,
and
to
remove
into
that
Province
,
where
Lands
were
to
be
assigned
to
them
in
Inheritance
,
according
to
the
pleasure
of
Commissioners
;
the
Forts
,
Cities
,
Towns
,
and
Passages
,
And
what
was
the
cause
of
it
:
being
only
reserved
for
the
use
of
the
English
,
with
all
the
Sea-coast
within
a
Mile
of
the
Sea
.
For
that
Province
being
for
the
most
part
surrounded
by
the
River
Shannon
,
vast
Lakes
,
and
the
Collough
Mountains
,
and
so
divided
from
the
rest
,
cut
off
from
them
all
hopes
and
power
of
rising
any
more
against
the
English
.
None
are
spared
but
the
labouring
men
,
and
some
whom
favour
and
popular
necessity
procured
a
permission
to
stay
.
If
Ireton
had
lived
to
these
times
,
he
would
have
made
it
absolutely
necessary
to
have
brought
over
Husband-men
,
and
Trades-People
from
England
,
who
are
payed
much
dearer
for
their
work
and
labour
than
the
Irish
are
.
But
,
Good
God!
How
many
cunning
Tricks
,
Yet
it
is
by
many
cunningly
evaded
.
frauds
and
inventions
did
the
Irish
find
out
for
avoiding
the
sting
of
that
Order
?
So
that
it
reached
none
but
the
simpler
and
honester
sort
of
People
.
Nay
I
am
ashamed
to
divulge
the
horrid
oppression
and
covetuousness
of
our
Factors
;
who
when
they
met
with
the
more
innocent
and
plain
,
they
impose
upon
them
with
tricks
and
juggling
,
and
so
tire
them
out
until
they
got
their
Lands
from
them
for
little
or
nothing
,
which
they
sell
dear
unto
others
;
and
the
suspicion
of
a
sudden
Insurrection
again
amongst
the
Irish
,
because
they
parted
so
easily
with
their
Inheritances
,
is
laid
at
their
door
as
a
ruine
We
purposely
pass
by
matters
of
less
importance
,
least
what
we
are
about
by
the
by
should
swell
up
to
too
vast
a
bulk
.
The
Officers
of
the
Army
what
by
craft
,
and
what
by
force
turning
Richard
out
of
the
Supream
Power
;
and
the
Rump-Parliament
after
five
years
interment
being
raised
again
from
the
dead
,
Henry
neglecting
both
his
own
and
brothers
interest
.
the
eyes
of
all
are
fixed
upon
Henry
.
It
was
thought
by
some
that
he
would
defend
his
own
Authority
,
and
vindicate
that
of
his
Brother
.
Others
hoped
that
he
would
favour
the
Royal
Cause
,
and
so
make
his
interest
with
the
King
,
the
Navy
especially
giving
no
obscure
marks
of
their
inclination
;
and
the
Army
and
Kingdom
of
Ireland
being
ready
enough
to
promote
such
an
Enterprize
.
Nor
dare
I
swear
;
that
he
entertain'd
no
such
Projects
.
But
the
Lord
Broghill
and
Coot
deserting
him
in
dubious
Affairs
;
and
Steel
and
Tomlinson
old
Commissioners
,
managing
,
and
Waller
and
Corbet
new
ones
,
continually
solliciting
him
,
he
at
length
resigns
himself
to
the
Will
and
Pleasure
of
the
Rump-Parliament
,
and
returns
into
England
,
there
to
give
an
account
of
his
administration
.
Delivers
up
the
Government
to
the
revived
Rump-Parliament
.
Hitherto
we
have
dwelt
in
Ireland
,
that
without
interruption
,
we
might
give
the
Reader
an
account
of
the
Affairs
of
that
Kingdom
.
Now
bringing
our
discourse
back
to
former
years
,
we
must
return
to
the
Democratical
Republicans
,
who
after
the
murder
of
the
King
,
swayed
Affairs
in
England
,
under
the
Olygarchicks
.
These
being
upstarts
promoted
for
the
most
part
men
of
their
own
Edition
to
places
of
honour
and
profit
.
Which
the
Londoners
took
so
ill
,
that
the
Mayor
and
Aldermen
came
and
petitioned
the
Rump-Parliament
,
A
Petition
of
the
Magistrates
of
London
,
to
the
Rump-Parliament
,
for
their
Citizens
turned
out
of
the
common
Council
.
that
the
cheif
Citizens
or
that
some
of
them
at
least
,
might
be
again
admitted
into
the
common
Council
of
the
City
.
These
were
about
three
hundred
,
whom
either
age
,
or
wealth
at
least
recommended
:
But
the
year
before
the
Rump-Parliament
had
turned
a
great
many
of
them
out
,
and
judged
them
unworthy
of
carrying
any
office
in
the
City
;
for
no
other
reason
,
but
because
they
had
signed
the
Petition
making
Peace
with
the
King
,
which
the
greater
and
sounder
part
of
the
Parliament
were
also
for
.
But
that
desire
of
the
Mayor
and
Aldermen
,
though
they
seriously
alledged
the
want
of
ingenious
and
honest
men
,
of
moderate
Estates
for
discharging
the
offices
of
the
City
,
is
rejected
with
contempt
,
Is
rejected
with
contempt
.
nor
would
they
have
any
but
the
Riff
Raff
and
inconsiderable
rable
to
manage
Publick
Affairs
;
as
being
such
who
measured
good
and
evil
according
to
the
will
and
pleasure
of
their
Masters
.
Whil'st
these
things
are
carried
on
at
London
,
The
attempts
of
King
Charles
the
Second
for
himself
and
his
Subjects
,
CHARLES
the
Second
was
not
asleep
,
nor
did
he
neglect
his
Affairs
,
though
the
Regicides
carried
all
before
them
in
England
,
but
moves
every
stone
,
and
leaves
nothing
unessayd
,
that
the
wit
and
power
of
man
could
devise
or
execrate
,
for
resetling
the
undone
Nations
,
asserting
the
publick
Liberty
,
and
(
the
Regicide
being
revenged
,
)
recovering
his
ancient
Inheritance
.
He
implores
the
assistance
of
Foreign
Kings
and
Princes
;
By
asking
help
from
Foreign
Princes
.
who
are
all
equally
concerned
according
to
the
Supream
Power
they
have
received
from
God
,
and
their
common
duty
,
to
give
Sanctuary
to
the
oppressed
;
but
especially
to
Kings
,
whom
above
all
men
living
they
ought
to
protect
,
not
only
upon
the
account
of
Kindred
and
Cognation
,
but
also
for
fear
of
Contagion
,
least
the
horrid
example
of
Rebellion
might
have
an
influence
upon
their
own
Subjects
;
that
if
perchance
,
they
should
be
reduced
to
the
like
streights
,
they
might
likewise
obtain
the
like
help
and
assistance
.
He
sends
Ambassadours
to
the
Emperour
and
German
Princes
,
to
the
Grand
Signior
,
By
several
Ambassadours
,
especially
of
the
Spaniard
by
Hide
afterwards
Chancelour
of
England
and
Earl
of
Clarendon
,
the
great
Duke
of
Moscovie
,
the
Kings
of
Poland
,
Denmark
,
and
Sweden
,
to
the
republick
of
Venice
and
the
States
General
of
the
united
Provinces
.
He
sends
into
Spain
,
from
whence
he
had
the
greatest
expectation
,
the
Lord
Edward
Hide
,
who
had
formerly
been
Lord
cheif
Baron
of
the
Exchequer
and
was
afterwards
Lord
Chancellor
and
Earl
of
Clarendon
,
whose
Iuvenile
and
vegete
wit
,
And
the
French
in
person
,
might
put
life
into
the
aged
head
of
Cottington
.
In
France
,
besides
a
particular
Ambassadour
,
the
Queen
Mother
and
Duke
of
York
were
there
,
and
the
King
himself
to
sollicite
his
own
affairs
.
But
with
little
success
every
where
,
But
alass
!
almost
every
where
unsuccessfully
the
distance
of
place
hindering
the
aid
of
some
;
and
either
the
want
of
money
,
domestick
seditions
,
or
dangers
from
neigbours
,
obstructing
the
assistances
of
others
.
None
are
touched
with
the
sence
or
pity
of
the
Calamities
of
another
.
The
Turk
delivering
up
the
Ambassadour
Hide
brother
to
the
Chancelour
into
the
hands
of
the
Rump-Parliament
,
who
being
brought
to
London
is
beheaded
.
The
Ottoman
Court
dealt
barbarously
,
in
that
for
a
little
money
,
they
delivered
up
the
Ambassadour
,
Henry
Hide
a
most
accomplished
Gentleman
into
the
hands
of
the
Rump-Parliament
,
who
being
brought
over
into
England
,
for
his
unshaken
Loyalty
,
without
any
pretext
of
ancient
Law
,
he
was
beheaded
before
the
Royal
Exchange
in
London
.
France
with
promises
,
gives
hope
of
large
assistance
,
The
French
flattering
with
vain
hopes
,
so
long
as
they
could
procure
any
help
from
the
Subjects
of
the
King
of
England
;
especially
from
James
Duke
of
YORK
,
who
commanding
the
English
and
Irish
that
served
the
French
in
Flanders
,
had
given
many
Noble
and
Illustrious
proofs
of
his
Heroick
Valour
and
Courage
:
And
at
length
making
a
league
with
the
Regicides
.
Until
that
Blake
had
beaten
the
French
Fleet
under
the
Command
of
the
Duke
of
Vendosme
which
came
to
the
relief
of
Dunkirk
at
that
time
besieged
by
the
Spaniards
.
Then
,
they
sent
Burdex
to
treat
of
peace
at
London
,
whil'st
the
Regicides
expected
no
less
than
a
declaration
of
War
:
And
having
afterwards
entred
into
a
strict
allyance
;
they
inwardly
rejoyced
that
the
Kings
Majesty
was
deluded
,
and
no
small
stop
put
to
the
fury
of
the
Rebels
.
The
Spaniard
seemed
to
be
grieved
at
the
Kings
Murder
;
The
Spaniard
declining
to
meddle
in
other
peoples
business
.
but
excused
himself
that
it
did
not
belong
to
him
to
determine
about
the
controversies
of
England
,
nor
did
he
take
pleasure
to
meddle
in
other
Peoples
Affairs
out
of
his
own
Terrritories
;
but
that
in
the
mean
time
he
should
be
ready
to
do
the
King
all
the
kindness
he
could
within
his
Countries
.
Nevertheless
,
not
long
after
Ascham
being
killed
,
(
which
I
shall
shortly
relate
)
he
was
the
first
King
who
Commanded
his
Hedge
Ambassadour
Don
Alonso
de
Cardenas
,
And
being
the
fi●st
of
all
that
owned
and
complemented
the
Common-wealth
of
England
,
to
Worship
the
rising
sun
of
the
Common-wealth
,
wish
the
Parrcides
all
happiness
;
intreat
the
continuance
of
Friendship
and
good
Correspondence
betwixt
his
Kingdomes
and
the
New
Common-wealth
,
and
promised
severely
to
punish
the
Wicked
Murderers
of
Ascham
.
Now
there
are
some
not
obscure
Reasons
why
the
great
Mind
of
so
Wise
a
King
,
For
what
Reasons
chiefly
instigated
thereunto
.
was
by
so
unexpected
a
change
(
that
rather
discovered
than
altered
his
Inclinations
,
)
brought
over
to
the
contrary
side
:
For
besides
Ancient
and
Paternal
enmities
with
Queen
Elizabeth
,
Philip
himself
had
particular
Quarrels
against
Charles
.
It
wounded
him
deep
,
that
his
Sister
being
courted
in
Marriage
,
even
so
far
as
to
have
had
an
interview
and
conference
with
her
,
she
should
afterwards
be
slighted
for
a
Daughter
of
France
,
though
a
Princess
of
extraordinary
Worth
.
Besides
the
old
offence
stuck
still
in
his
Mind
,
that
our
King
was
the
first
of
all
who
honourably
received
a
splendid
Embassie
from
the
Duke
of
Braganza
,
and
after
he
had
successfully
dispatched
his
business
sent
him
away
in
triumph
.
To
this
may
be
added
the
mischance
of
Don
Oquenda
,
not
many
years
before
,
under
whose
Command
several
Ships
carrying
Men
and
Arms
for
a
recruit
to
the
War
of
Flanders
,
being
forced
into
the
English
Harbours
by
the
Dutch
who
pursued
them
,
were
under
our
Castles
,
though
then
in
Peace
with
Spain
,
suffered
to
be
torn
,
sunk
,
and
burnt
;
our
Fleet
rather
threateningly
rebuking
,
then
stoutly
driving
off
the
Enemy
.
Which
discontents
not
expiring
with
the
Murthered
King
,
are
hurtful
now
to
his
Son
.
But
after
all
,
his
new
Friends
as
a
reward
of
the
amity
freely
offered
them
,
by
stealth
and
without
any
Declaration
of
War
,
having
sometimes
after
invaded
the
West
Indies
,
that
is
,
the
very
Bowels
of
the
Spanish
Empire
:
And
their
attempt
upon
Hispaniola
,
being
disappointed
,
he
at
length
,
laying
aside
all
hatred
,
obliged
CHALES
the
Second
by
all
sorts
of
good
Offices
,
and
entertaind
him
in
his
Territories
for
the
ruine
of
the
Regicides
.
The
King
of
Portugal
being
able
to
do
little
,
The
King
of
Portugal
shewed
a
generous
Soul
,
(
of
which
hereafter
)
had
his
Strength
corresponded
with
his
Inclinations
.
But
what
would
one
who
hardly
as
yet
sate
steddy
in
his
own
lately
recovered
Throne
,
do
for
another
expulsed
Prince
?
The
truth
is
,
though
he
had
then
flourished
in
the
quiet
enjoyment
of
his
own
just
Rights
,
he
was
not
Potent
enough
to
undertake
such
a
War
;
as
could
restore
a
banished
King
,
and
much
less
at
that
time
when
he
could
hardly
on
the
one
hand
repel
the
Spaniard
who
offered
at
all
,
and
on
the
other
,
keep
even
with
the
Dutch
,
who
in
the
East
Indies
and
all
over
the
Ocean
strove
for
the
mastery
.
And
Sueden
fickle
.
Suedland
at
first
good
natured
,
changed
as
Affairs
altered
.
Frederick
Duke
of
Holstein
supplied
the
Earl
of
Montross
,
The
Duke
of
Holstein
brought
some
succours
.
The
Dane
indigent
of
money
.
The
Pole
engaged
in
domestick
troubles
.
Others
benevolent
,
but
not
much
to
the
purpose
.
who
was
then
ready
to
Sail
into
Scotland
with
Men
,
Money
,
Ships
and
Arms
,
for
the
Service
of
the
King
.
Danemark
having
its
Treasury
exhausted
for
the
Cause
of
the
King's
Father
,
and
running
into
a
new
War
,
was
able
to
do
no
more
.
The
Rebellious
Cossacks
,
and
Neighbouring
Nations
who
had
rendred
the
Peace
uncertain
,
made
the
King
of
Poland
sparing
in
his
Assistance
.
Yet
the
Scottish
Subjects
,
who
lived
in
those
Countries
,
as
they
were
commanded
gave
what
help
they
were
able
to
give
.
And
so
did
the
Emperour
of
Moscovie
,
Elector
of
Brandenbourg
,
Arch-Bishop
of
Mentz
,
and
other
Princes
of
Germany
show
their
Affections
to
the
King
.
But
alas
!
what
was
all
that
to
the
fitting
out
of
a
Fleet
,
and
raising
of
an
Army
?
to
the
providing
of
Arms
,
Ammunition
and
Necessaries
of
War
?
perhaps
a
little
more
than
might
defray
the
Charges
of
Ambassadours
,
and
relieve
the
Poverty
of
Courtiers
.
The
King
's
chief
hope
in
his
own
Subjects
;
All
the
hope
was
now
in
the
Loyalty
and
Benevolence
of
Subjects
;
who
,
though
many
of
them
were
wheedled
by
the
Artifices
of
the
Regicides
,
or
the
fawnings
of
Prosperity
,
Ambition
of
rising
to
higher
Employments
,
or
the
coveteousness
of
other
mens
Estates
,
which
they
hoped
might
be
had
for
little
or
nothing
,
and
these
,
because
Justice
delay'd
to
strike
,
drawn
in
to
the
number
of
above
fifty
thousand
,
Of
whom
a
great
many
extreamly
well
affected
,
but
very
weak
in
strength
.
yet
a
far
greater
number
kept
their
Loyalty
and
Allegiance
to
the
King
inviolated
.
but
being
stun'd
with
the
sudden
horrour
of
the
Kings
Murder
,
and
amazed
at
the
continual
Victories
of
the
Regicides
,
they
knew
not
what
to
do
,
or
whither
to
turn
themselves
.
They
knew
not
as
yet
,
what
it
was
to
Associate
,
and
they
had
no
opportunity
of
rising
;
the
Regicides
having
a
watchful
Eye
over
all
the
Countries
,
and
their
Spies
and
Emissaries
wresting
all
the
Actions
and
Sayings
of
Honest
men
into
the
worst
Sense
.
Nevertheless
many
Royalists
in
disguise
crossed
the
Sea
and
waited
upon
the
King
;
and
others
who
came
hither
from
the
King
,
were
by
his
Friends
informed
what
to
do
.
All
that
they
could
do
,
was
gradually
to
confer
Councils
,
encourage
one
another
,
plot
and
contrive
,
gather
supplies
,
and
by
blowing
the
Coals
,
raise
such
a
Flame
as
might
at
length
destroy
the
Enemy
.
Yet
some
of
them
,
of
whom
I
shall
mention
two
,
Sir
Charles
Berkly
,
and
Sir
Henry
Slingsby
,
were
taken
by
the
watchfulness
of
Informers
;
but
both
made
their
escape
;
though
the
last
falling
again
into
the
Noose
,
payed
for
his
Loyalty
,
and
lost
his
Head
by
Sentence
of
the
High
Court
of
Justice
.
Ascham
,
who
he
was
:
About
that
time
Ascham
,
whom
I
named
a
little
before
,
a
Fellow
of
obscure
Birth
,
desiring
to
show
his
Gifts
and
get
himself
a
Name
,
by
writing
against
the
King
,
and
for
the
abominable
change
of
Government
,
which
the
less
it
beeame
him
to
do
,
for
that
heretofore
(
under
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
)
he
had
had
the
institution
of
the
Young
Duke
of
Glocester
,
is
therefore
in
quality
of
Envoy
with
Ribera
an
Italian
,
An
envoy
from
the
Rump-Parliament
to
the
King
of
Spain
,
as
his
Interpreter
sent
into
Spain
to
treat
of
Affairs
.
But
he
had
got
himself
so
much
hatred
by
his
Writings
that
were
published
,
and
the
Employment
he
now
undertook
,
that
some
conspired
a
revenge
,
and
suddenly
breaking
into
his
Chamber
at
Madrid
,
against
all
Law
and
Equity
killed
both
him
and
Ribera
his
Interpreter
.
He
is
privately
killed
with
his
Interpreter
.
One
of
the
Murderers
taken
,
making
his
escape
suffers
for
it
.
The
Ambassadour
of
Venice
gave
Sanctuary
to
one
of
the
Murderers
;
another
being
taken
making
his
escape
,
publickly
suffered
for
it
.
The
rest
to
the
number
of
three
took
Sanctuary
in
a
Church
till
the
Ecclesiasticks
should
have
time
to
take
cognisance
of
the
Cause
.
But
by
delaying
of
time
,
and
lengthening
out
the
debate
,
the
English
also
infesting
the
West
Indies
,
they
at
length
get
clearly
off
.
It
is
fit
we
should
also
mention
the
good
Offices
of
the
emulous
King
of
Portugal
,
The
King
of
Portugal
offends
the
Regicides
,
because
he
would
not
force
Prince
Rupert
and
Prince
Maurice
cut
of
his
Harbours
,
when
Blake
desired
to
fight
them
.
Blake
therefore
takes
some
Porteguese
Ships
laden
with
Suger
,
and
sends
them
into
England
.
The
Princes
hardly
escaping
,
sail
to
America
.
and
how
for
the
sake
of
our
Prince
he
provoked
the
Rebel
Hornets
.
Prince
Rupert
and
Prince
Maurice
,
when
they
fled
from
Ireland
,
found
Protection
at
Lisbon
:
But
Blake
Admiral
of
the
Fleet
for
the
Rump-Parliament
pursuing
them
hither
,
desires
leave
to
sight
the
Prince's
Ships
.
The
King
of
Portugal
thinking
that
the
Laws
of
Hospitality
were
not
so
to
be
violated
,
seing
it
was
not
safe
for
him
openly
to
refuse
,
he
shifts
the
matter
,
and
forces
not
the
Princes
to
put
out
to
Sea
.
Blake
being
highly
offended
at
this
,
Cruises
upon
the
Coast
;
and
at
length
meeting
with
a
Fleet
of
seaven
or
eight
Sail
of
Ships
laden
with
Sugers
,
he
takes
them
and
sends
them
into
England
.
He
himself
,
in
the
mean
time
having
pursued
the
Princes
who
had
put
to
Sea
again
,
comes
up
with
them
at
Carthagena
,
a
Spanish
Town
in
the
Streights
,
and
in
the
Bay
of
Vera
,
forces
them
ashoar
;
but
both
of
them
escaped
in
one
of
their
Ships
,
and
Sailing
with
one
or
two
more
Ships
to
the
West
Indies
,
they
leave
Spain
to
be
sufficiently
mauled
by
the
Parliament
.
But
a
terrible
Hurricane
which
is
frequent
in
the
Torrid
Zone
,
Where
Maurice
was
unhappily
cast
away
,
having
separated
Maurice
from
his
Brother
,
he
was
cast
away
with
his
Ship
and
Men
in
the
dreadful
Storm
.
Here
we
cannot
but
sigh
at
our
Calamities
,
in
the
dismal
fate
of
so
Illustrious
a
Youth
.
Unhappy
English
,
who
with
blind
rage
have
consumed
the
Relicts
of
the
Palatinat
!
and
accursed
Broils
of
Britain
,
that
shipwrack't
that
Life
which
escaped
the
Sword
of
Austria
!
I
should
give
way
to
lamentations
,
if
our
shame
could
add
Glory
to
the
Dead
,
or
give
comfort
to
the
surviving
Family
.
But
a
Valiant
man
is
not
to
be
by
womanish
houling
lamented
;
neither
does
true
Grief
require
an
ambitious
pomp
of
Words
,
nor
great
sorrow
admit
it
.
Let
us
only
then
,
which
is
all
we
can
do
,
with
our
Tears
wash
out
the
stain
of
our
unlucky
Age
;
to
which
Crime
it
is
no
small
accession
,
that
the
Ocean
and
other
World
are
also
polluted
with
the
destruction
of
the
Royal
Family
.
But
Prince
Rupert
(
which
was
some
comfort
)
having
sent
his
Goods
into
France
;
Rupert
returning
back
to
the
Coast
of
France
.
with
much
adoe
was
saved
.
I
return
to
Portugal
,
from
whence
the
steam
of
Sugar
attracted
an
Ambassadour
to
London
.
Now
would
God
the
Supreme
disposer
of
all
things
,
The
Portuguese
Ships
are
restored
.
suffer
that
so
remarkable
constancy
of
so
good
a
King
,
should
turn
to
the
dammage
of
his
Subjects
.
For
the
Ships
being
restored
,
the
War
that
was
threatened
,
was
upon
supplication
averted
,
a
new
League
made
,
and
the
Peace
afterward
more
religiously
observed
.
The
Rebels
,
indeed
,
think
it
below
them
to
make
reparation
for
dammages
;
yet
they
make
them
good
by
a
War
they
were
to
engage
in
with
the
Dutch
and
Spaniards
,
to
the
great
advantage
of
the
Portuguese
.
I
mention
not
the
Glory
of
assisting
distressed
Princes
,
a
rare
thing
amongst
Kings
.
But
after
all
,
he
himself
has
no
cause
to
fear
,
but
that
his
kindness
shew'd
to
a
King
,
heretofore
in
distress
,
will
,
by
the
same
Prince
,
who
never
forgets
those
that
have
deserved
well
of
him
,
now
raised
to
the
Throne
of
his
Ancestours
,
and
joyned
to
him
in
Affinity
,
be
repayed
to
him
and
his
Subjects
with
plentiful
interest
.
But
now
we
have
affairs
nearer
home
,
Strickland
,
the
Ambassadour
,
being
slighted
in
Holland
,
returns
home
.
and
with
the
Dutch
again
to
consider
.
Strickland
having
long
resided
in
Holland
,
as
Ambassadour
,
is
now
slighted
;
and
being
allowed
no
more
a
place
in
the
Assembly
of
the
States
,
he
returns
home
.
But
that
the
Parricides
might
repay
one
Affront
with
another
,
they
command
Jacobin
Vanodenskirk
,
the
Dutch
Ambassadour
to
depart
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
The
Dutch
Ambassadour
is
commanded
to
depart
England
,
upon
pretext
that
the
King
being
dead
,
the
Negotiation
with
the
States
was
now
at
an
end
.
But
soon
after
,
as
if
they
repented
what
they
had
done
,
Schaepie
is
sent
to
treat
of
Peace
,
who
,
though
he
was
but
an
Agent
,
and
empowred
only
by
one
City
,
to
wit
,
Amsterdam
,
to
treat
,
yet
,
by
the
Rump-Parliament
,
To
whom
another
presently
succeeds
from
Amsterdam
.
St.
Jones
and
Strickland
are
sent
into
Holland
with
great
Equipage
.
he
is
honoured
with
the
Title
of
Ambassadour
,
who
take
occasion
,
on
the
other
hand
to
send
two
Ambassadours
with
Royal
and
Magnificent
Equipage
,
to
wit
,
Oliver
St.
Jones
,
one
of
the
Members
of
the
Rump-Parliament
,
and
Lord
Chief
Justice
of
the
Common-Pleas
,
and
Walter
Strickland
.
These
have
Instructions
,
To
clap
up
a
Peace
,
and
that
by
a
Coalition
of
both
Nations
into
one
,
they
might
live
under
the
same
Government
,
have
the
mutual
Priviledges
of
Habitation
,
Trading
and
Harbours
of
each
Country
indifferently
:
But
these
were
not
to
be
divulged
,
but
piece
and
piece
,
and
by
degrees
,
if
they
found
the
People
inclineable
,
and
fit
to
comply
with
such
Propositions
.
Who
nevertheless
being
fooled
by
the
States
,
But
the
States
had
no
inclination
to
settle
a
Peace
,
until
they
found
the
success
of
the
affairs
in
Scotland
.
But
after
much
adoe
,
having
at
length
given
Audience
to
the
Ambassadours
,
they
put
them
off
from
day
to
day
,
till
they
proposed
,
at
long
run
,
some
long
winded
Articles
of
Peace
,
drawn
up
in
the
time
of
Henry
VII
,
to
be
considered
;
which
,
so
soon
as
the
Ambassadours
had
rejected
,
they
devise
others
to
drive
away
time
,
until
the
Ambassadours
,
finding
themselves
fooled
,
might
hasten
their
departure
.
But
,
during
their
stay
in
Holland
,
the
States
were
necessitated
to
place
a
Guard
at
their
Door
;
And
exposed
to
continual
dangers
;
nor
was
that
sufficient
to
secure
them
from
Affronts
,
but
that
their
Windows
were
every
night
broken
,
or
they
themselves
disturbed
by
I
know
not
what
Bug-bears
and
Apparitions
.
There
was
also
a
strong
report
,
that
a
certain
Relation
of
St.
Jones
came
to
his
House
,
that
,
with
a
Bow-string
,
he
might
strangle
him
after
the
manner
of
the
Turks
Mutes
,
but
that
because
he
saw
no
way
to
escape
,
if
he
had
committed
the
Fact
,
he
abstained
from
attempting
it
.
The
Ambassadours
being
startled
at
these
things
,
and
daily
fearing
worse
,
They
return
without
doing
of
any
thing
.
and
not
knowing
how
long
they
might
stay
,
nor
what
answer
bring
back
,
they
return
without
any
effect
of
their
Negotiation
.
This
enraged
the
Parricides
,
But
great
were
the
Disorders
that
this
Affront
occasioned
,
and
severe
was
the
Revenge
which
the
Parricides
hatched
in
their
Hearts
;
being
resolved
,
that
if
the
affairs
in
Scotland
succeeded
according
to
their
wishes
,
they
would
never
rest
nor
sheath
their
Sword
,
before
they
had
forced
by
Arms
the
Conditions
,
which
by
Ambassadours
they
could
not
obtain
.
In
the
mean
time
they
thought
it
enough
at
present
,
to
give
out
Letters
of
Reprisal
,
And
made
them
give
out
Letters
of
Reprisal
.
and
by
other
mens
hands
,
revenge
the
Injuries
done
to
themselves
;
and
to
make
an
Act
,
that
no
Merchandise
,
of
what
Country
soever
it
were
,
should
be
brought
into
England
,
unless
imported
in
English
Bottoms
by
English
Sea-men
,
or
fraighted
by
English
Merchants
.
Let
us
make
a
trip
over
to
Sweden
,
Whitlock
Sails
to
Sweden
with
a
splendid
Embassy
for
the
Que●n
the
Queen
whereof
had
lately
sent
an
Envoy
to
Compliment
and
Congratulate
the
Regicides
:
To
her
therefore
Whitlock
is
sent
in
a
splendid
Embassie
,
to
return
the
Honour
and
Compliment
,
and
also
to
make
Peace
with
her
,
to
which
she
very
willingly
consented
.
But
the
Queen
being
shorttly
after
removed
,
or
,
to
use
a
softer
expession
,
having
resigned
the
Crown
,
Who
resigning
the
Crown
,
the
King
sends
ov●r
Bond
Ambassadour
to
Cromwell
.
the
King
of
Sweden
sends
over
a
Reciprocal
,
and
no
less
Honourable
Embassy
,
by
the
Lord
Christopher
Bond
,
a
Senator
of
the
Kingdom
,
to
Cromwell
,
who
then
had
the
chief
administration
of
the
Government
.
The
Isles
of
Silly
lay
very
convenient
for
molesting
the
Trade
of
the
English
.
An
expedition
for
reducing
the
Isles
of
Silly
.
There
the
Royalists
cruising
too
and
again
with
four
or
five
small
Vessels
,
did
no
little
hurt
to
the
Regicides
,
and
would
have
done
much
more
,
could
they
have
been
morgaged
to
the
Dutch
,
as
it
was
commonly
reported
.
For
plucking
out
of
this
Thorn
,
great
preparations
are
made
at
Plimouth
,
not
above
fifteen
Leagues
distant
from
the
Islands
.
Where
Blake
and
Popham
having
provided
some
small
Vessels
and
Boats
,
they
take
the
opportunity
,
and
set
Sail
from
thence
in
the
night
time
,
with
three
hundred
Souldiers
,
besides
Sea-men
,
and
having
had
a
fair
Wind
,
next
morning
they
come
to
the
Land
.
There
are
in
all
ten
adjacent
Islands
,
divided
only
by
narrow
Passages
of
an
Eddy
Sea
,
and
on
all
sides
secured
by
Shelves
and
Rocks
.
In
three
hours
time
they
take
Threscoe
and
Briari
,
Of
which
two
,
after
a
conflict
of
three
houres
continuance
,
are
taken
.
with
the
loss
of
fifteen
Men
:
but
of
the
Garrison
,
a
Boat
being
sunck
,
about
fourty
were
drowned
,
one
hundred
and
twenty
made
Prisoners
,
and
about
fourty
Guns
taken
,
which
the
Royalists
out
of
two
Friggats
,
had
planted
upon
the
shoar
.
The
raging
of
the
Sea
appeasing
the
Fury
of
the
Souldiers
,
made
for
two
days
time
a
Cessation
,
not
unlike
to
a
Peace
.
But
on
the
third
day
,
when
it
was
Calm
,
they
began
to
thunder
on
both
sides
with
their
great
Guns
,
on
the
one
hand
from
Threscoe
,
and
the
other
Islands
,
and
on
the
other
,
from
St.
Mary's
Grimsby
Haven
,
being
betwixt
them
.
The
rest
at
length
surrender
upon
articles
.
But
the
Governour
Greenvill
,
now
Earl
of
Bath
,
wanting
supplies
,
at
length
,
upon
pretty
good
Conditions
,
surrenders
the
Island
.
As
also
upon
Barbadoes
,
an
Island
in
America
.
Shortly
after
,
that
continual
Victories
might
drop
into
to
the
lap
of
the
Rebels
,
news
was
brought
from
the
Caribbe
Islands
,
that
Barbadoes
,
the
richest
of
them
,
had
delivered
it self
up
into
the
power
of
Aisckew
,
according
to
the
example
of
which
the
rest
would
take
their
measures
.
He
,
with
eighteen
or
twenty
Sail
of
Men
of
War
,
had
steered
his
Course
to
the
West
Indies
,
to
reduce
those
Islands
once
more
under
the
yoak
of
England
;
and
setting
upon
them
unexpectedly
,
he
took
twenty
or
thirty
Dutch
Ships
,
who
in
contempt
of
two
Acts
,
drove
a
Trade
with
them
;
cruising
off
and
on
in
sight
of
the
Island
,
he
blocked
it
up
for
the
space
of
six
Months
,
and
at
length
,
a
Sedition
arising
amongst
the
Planters
,
he
forced
the
Lord
Willoughby
,
whom
the
King
had
made
Governour
of
it
,
to
surrender
.
Whilst
these
things
are
acting
in
the
Indies
,
they
erect
of
new
in
England
,
a
High
Court
of
Justice
,
as
they
were
pleased
to
call
it
,
A
high
Court
of
Justice
is
again
erected
,
and
that
a
standing
Court.
not
upon
the
account
of
a
present
Emergent
;
but
to
continue
for
six
Months
,
which
if
it
could
pass
without
the
envy
of
Tyranny
and
Oppression
,
might
be
adjourned
de
die
in
diem
.
Keeble
is
by
the
Rump-Parliament
made
President
of
this
Court
,
being
assisted
by
others
,
and
fifty
Assessors
of
the
popular
Faction
.
Most
of
these
being
Souldiers
,
were
ready
at
the
beck
of
the
General
,
to
smite
the
Prisoner
as
an
Enemy
;
all
the
rest
were
Creatures
of
the
new
Common-wealth
,
whose
hopes
and
whole
Estates
depended
upon
the
favour
of
the
Parricides
;
except
,
perhaps
,
one
or
two
,
who
had
more
Zeal
than
Judgment
.
And
this
horrid
Violence
,
unheard
of
under
the
Government
of
our
Kings
past
in
all
Ages
,
is
imposed
upon
the
ignorant
multitude
,
under
the
specious
name
of
Justice
.
These
Men
had
Power
to
bring
before
them
,
try
and
punish
without
appeal
,
any
that
had
held
Correspondence
with
the
King
,
Queen
,
Duke
of
York
,
the
Royalists
,
or
Irish
,
that
had
assisted
them
by
Word
,
or
Deed
,
or
received
them
into
their
Houses
,
or
that
had
delivered
up
any
Castle
,
Town
,
or
Ship
,
or
had
attempted
any
such
Surrender
;
besides
many
other
Crimes
of
the
same
nature
.
Now
if
you
inquire
into
the
constitution
of
the
Court
,
and
whence
it
derived
its
Authority
,
you
must
know
,
that
it
was
first
appointed
against
the
Kings
Majesty
,
by
those
who
were
so
far
from
having
any
Power
of
administring
Justice
,
that
,
by
our
Laws
,
and
Customs
,
they
had
not
the
Power
to
condemn
the
meanest
Slave
;
then
against
the
Nobles
;
afterwards
as
occasion
offered
,
it
was
of
ten
made
use
of
;
but
now
was
turned
into
a
custome
.
If
any
man
was
suspected
of
plotting
and
contriving
against
the
Publick
,
he
was
presently
dragged
before
this
supreme
Tribunal
,
and
exposed
to
the
Calumnies
of
pettifogging
Lawyers
,
who
for
a
little
Reputation
and
Profit
sold
their
Souls
in
pleading
against
him
;
who
having
none
to
defend
his
Cause
,
and
being
terrified
or
shamed
out
of
Countenance
,
without
the
Evidence
of
two
Witnesses
,
or
the
Verdict
of
a
Jury
of
twelve
men
,
(
which
has
onely
force
in
England
)
he
is
Condemned
,
and
why
should
not
I
say
Murdered
?
A
lively
description
of
the
sad
faee
of
affairs
It
was
,
indeed
no
small
matter
of
terrour
,
to
see
a
drawn
Sword
hanging
as
by
an
Hair
over
all
mens
naked
Heads
,
at
every
minute
ready
to
fall
upon
them
.
About
that
time
especially
,
and
afterward
when
Cromwell
had
got
the
chief
administration
of
the
Government
,
whole
swarms
of
informers
wandered
about
in
all
places
,
Informers
swarm
in
all
places
.
both
publick
and
private
,
sacred
and
prophane
.
They
listned
in
Churches
,
sneaked
into
companies
in
Taverns
and
Alehouses
,
and
went
to
wrestling
in
the
Rings
.
Noblemen
and
Gentelmens
Servants
were
corrupted
,
that
they
might
discover
what
their
Masters
talked
at
Table
;
the
chief
Vintners
or
their
Drawers
at
least
were
feed
,
to
hearken
to
the
free
discourses
of
their
Customers
over
their
Wine
,
either
in
the
room
or
skulking
behind
the
Hangings
,
or
thin
partition
Walls
.
Such
kind
of
Spies
and
eave-droppers
,
Nothing
secure
from
Spies
.
Hiero
the
Tyrant
of
Syracusa
used
to
employ
,
who
were
called
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
and
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
In
a
word
,
Prisons
were
full
of
accusers
that
they
might
accuse
;
so
that
there
was
no
Village
free
from
snarlings
nor
snares
.
The
Cities
themselves
were
filled
with
solitude
,
silence
,
trembling
and
fear
.
All
flocked
into
the
Countrey
,
not
for
pleasure
or
the
Society
of
their
Neighbours
,
but
where
they
could
find
solitude
and
retreat
;
where
the
Barrenness
and
desertness
of
the
place
might
neither
allure
Soldiers
nor
secure
Informers
;
where
they
might
neither
be
known
,
nor
have
acquaintance
,
and
where
avoiding
the
company
of
men
,
they
might
have
the
satisfaction
of
being
secure
,
without
the
pleasure
of
the
Countrey
or
company
.
All
Neighbourhood
,
Society
,
and
intimacy
were
suspected
.
Those
who
where
naturally
averse
from
ill
things
,
yet
often
deceived
,
because
they
had
been
deceived
before
.
Into
such
confusion
had
the
Rout
,
the
disturber
of
common
Peace
,
put
all
things
.
Who
had
a
thousand
tricks
to
do
mischief
,
With
observant
eyes
do
curious
Spies
run
about
,
and
were
not
idle
when
they
had
nothing
to
do
.
They
tope
it
stoutly
that
by
a
gentle
rack
they
may
pump
out
the
secrets
of
the
heart
.
They
pry
into
words
and
actions
,
but
much
more
into
mens
looks
,
the
interpreters
of
the
mind
.
It
is
their
business
to
hanker
about
for
Rumors
,
and
spread
reports
,
to
rouze
the
drooping
hopes
of
the
credulous
,
and
to
foment
them
with
strange
stories
,
which
afterwards
vanishing
into
smoak
,
they
might
be
cowed
and
rendered
more
pusillanimous
for
the
future
.
The
Noblemen
and
Gentlemen
who
had
been
of
the
contrary
side
,
are
pursued
with
secret
whispers
and
calumnies
wherever
they
could
be
pickt
up
,
onely
to
vex
them
;
the
more
moderate
are
obnoxious
to
Suspicions
:
Those
who
were
found
any
way
to
have
assisted
or
corresponded
with
the
King
,
were
either
forced
to
bribe
lustily
or
to
stand
a
Tryal
.
There
were
also
a
kind
of
Duckoys
and
Trapans
,
A
New
set
of
Trapans
come
in
play
,
of
all
men
the
most
accursed
,
whose
chief
study
was
to
teaze
the
more
hot-headed
and
cholerick
,
and
draw
them
thereby
into
Capital
snares
;
and
when
they
had
thus
caught
them
,
inform
against
them
that
they
might
be
brought
to
a
Tryal
,
or
oppress
them
with
secret
Calumnies
.
Who
amongst
others
,
are
fatal
to
Colonel
Andrews
.
Colonel
Andrews
thus
circumvented
lost
his
Head
.
Nor
was
the
president
Bradshaw
ashamed
openly
to
declare
in
Court
,
that
by
counterfeit
Letters
he
had
corresponded
with
him
in
the
name
of
the
King
.
Thus
was
the
Estate
of
the
Lord
Craven
confiscated
;
By
the
craft
of
these
,
the
Lord
Craven
is
forfeited
.
though
being
no
way
obnoxious
,
but
for
a
large
Estate
which
he
possessed
in
England
,
he
lived
beyond
Seas
in
Holland
.
Whither
one
Faulkner
of
that
Gang
,
a
turn-coat
to
the
Kings
Party
,
being
sent
,
(
but
for
what
end
I
dare
not
affirm
,
)
laid
a
snare
for
him
.
One
single
evidence
,
and
he
infamous
too
,
was
sufficient
to
the
partial
and
mercenary
Judges
,
for
the
fellow
was
afterwards
for
the
same
deposition
convicted
of
perjury
,
who
having
given
under
his
hand
contrary
to
what
he
had
sworn
,
to
the
Judges
eyes
bely'd
his
venal
Tongue
.
These
are
the
counterfeiters
of
Commissions
,
of
the
King's
Signet
,
forgers
of
writings
and
hands
,
and
the
Cony-catchers
of
Novices
.
They
of
their
own
accord
give
men
Authority
to
raise
Soldiers
,
And
others
brought
into
the
danger
of
their
lives
.
and
then
turn
that
Authority
to
their
ruine
,
Deliver
Letters
,
which
they
venture
to
do
,
though
(
as
they
say
)
upon
the
Peril
of
High
Treason
,
and
then
inform
the
Soldiers
that
they
might
seize
the
Parties
with
the
Letters
,
bring
them
before
the
new
Court
,
and
point
blank
condemn
them
to
Death
.
In
the
mean
time
there
was
no
accusing
of
the
clandestine
authors
of
the
Villany
,
Whilst
the
accursed
authors
are
secure
,
and
far
less
bringing
them
to
Justice
.
So
that
it
clearly
appeared
that
these
were
not
the
crimes
of
private
men
,
but
publickly
deliberated
,
As
being
put
upon
these
tricks
by
the
Regicides
.
forged
in
the
shop
of
the
Politicians
,
and
committed
to
the
Myrmidons
,
who
as
Jackcalls
to
the
Lyons
,
might
make
it
their
business
,
to
hunt
out
for
Crimes
,
which
the
High
Court
of
Justice
might
run
down
.
The
Scots
being
long
uncertain
what
to
do
,
The
Scots
consent
to
Monarchy
,
and
that
in
the
person
of
Charles
the
Second
,
those
that
were
of
a
contrary
opinion
not
daring
to
resist
:
Yet
they
disagree
about
the
conditions
.
and
divided
into
divers
Factions
,
at
length
resolve
upon
Monarchical
Government
,
and
proclaming
CHARLES
the
Second
King
.
A
few
who
relished
a
Republick
,
being
of
the
same
mind
with
the
Regicides
,
concealed
their
rancour
,
not
daring
to
discover
themselves
,
nor
resist
.
But
upon
what
Conditions
he
should
be
admitted
to
the
Throne
is
seriously
debated
;
nor
never
well
agreed
upon
.
Most
of
the
Highlanders
,
firmly
maintain
that
no
other
Articles
are
to
be
demanded
of
his
Majesty
but
the
ancicient
promises
which
the
Laws
injoyned
at
the
inauguration
of
Kings
.
Others
,
to
wit
the
Covenanters
,
would
have
him
first
to
subscribe
the
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
,
give
signs
of
sorrow
and
repentance
for
his
Father
and
Mother's
sins
;
and
all
banished
and
turned
out
of
Court
who
had
carried
Arms
for
his
Father
,
or
had
not
as
yet
taken
the
Covenant
.
I
mention
not
the
rest
;
as
being
but
a
few
,
whose
minds
were
either
corrupted
by
Bribes
and
Pensions
from
the
Regicides
,
,
or
were
infected
with
the
contagion
of
their
Friends
the
Democraticks
;
At
length
CHARLES
the
Second
is
proclaimed
King
of
Scotland
England
,
and
Ireland
;
and
who
urged
severer
terms
,
that
they
might
raise
new
scruples
,
and
cut
off
all
way
for
the
King's
admission
.
At
length
,
the
middle
party
prevailing
,
CHARLES
the
Second
is
by
Heralds
,
in
all
publick
Place
,
proclaimed
King
of
Scotland
,
England
and
Ireland
.
And
Windram
is
sent
to
the
King
from
the
Convention
of
Estates
,
In
the
mean
while
the
debate
growing
long
in
the
Convention
of
Estates
,
and
Committee
of
the
Kirk
,
who
were
to
consider
of
the
matter
and
to
draw
it
up
into
Form
,
they
themselves
at
length
resolve
to
send
Windram
,
Laird
of
Libberton
,
to
try
the
Kings
mind
;
who
having
delivered
him
Letters
full
of
sorrow
,
and
regret
,
for
the
horrid
and
unparallelled
Murder
of
his
Father
,
That
he
might
inform
him
upon
what
conditions
he
was
to
be
admitted
.
assures
him
that
the
Scots
were
ready
to
obey
him
,
had
proclaimed
him
King
and
Successour
to
the
Crown
,
and
that
upon
the
following
Conditions
,
they
would
admit
him
to
the
Supreme
administration
of
the
Government
.
The
Proposals
were
to
this
effect
.
That
the
King
should
subscribe
the
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
,
Which
were
to
this
purpose
.
and
consent
by
act
of
Parliament
that
all
his
Subjects
should
take
it
,
confirming
all
that
they
had
done
for
that
purpose
.
That
he
should
confirm
the
acts
of
the
two
last
Sessions
of
the
Parliament
;
which
condemns
Duke
Hamilton's
late
engagement
and
irruption
into
England
.
That
he
should
recal
his
Commission
to
Montross
,
whereby
he
had
Power
to
raise
Souldiers
in
Scotland
,
or
bring
them
into
Scotland
from
abroad
.
That
he
would
renounce
his
right
of
Negative
Vote
.
That
he
would
suffer
no
Papist
about
him
,
and
lastly
,
that
he
would
appoint
a
place
in
Holland
,
where
Commissioners
might
wait
upon
his
Majesty
,
for
adjusting
of
these
proposals
and
of
other
things
that
might
be
previous
to
his
voyage
.
The
King
having
read
the
Letters
writes
back
to
the
Scots
by
Fleeming
.
These
Proposals
were
made
in
the
Isle
of
Jersey
,
where
the
King
with
many
of
his
Courtiers
then
was
,
who
,
having
received
the
Letters
,
made
Windram
very
welcome
;
and
not
long
after
sent
Sir
William
Fleeming
to
the
Scottish
Nobility
and
Committee
of
the
Kirk
with
Letters
of
reciprocal
congratulation
.
At
length
he
writes
to
them
by
Windram
.
Afterwards
by
the
same
Windram
;
And
appoints
Breda
in
Holland
for
a
Treaty
.
That
he
was
well
pleased
with
their
obedience
and
indignation
against
the
Regicides
,
exhorts
them
,
that
they
would
seriously
endeavour
the
restoring
of
Peace
and
Concord
;
that
for
that
end
he
should
not
be
wanting
in
any
thing
;
and
bids
them
for
that
purpose
send
Commissioners
to
Breda
,
with
whom
he
would
treat
about
the
re-establishing
of
Peace
.
The
King
being
willing
to
deliberate
about
these
matters
more
seriously
,
Then
deliberates
with
his
Friends
.
privately
demands
the
Opinions
of
his
Friends
,
writing
to
those
whose
Affairs
hindered
them
from
waiting
Personally
upon
him
.
But
so
many
Heads
,
so
many
Minds
;
yet
the
Opinions
were
divided
chiefly
into
two
.
Of
whom
some
dread
all
concord
with
the
Scots
:
Some
perswade
him
not
at
all
to
listen
to
the
Scots
,
there
being
treachery
hid
under
the
specious
Cloak
of
obedience
.
They
represent
to
him
his
Father
as
an
Instance
of
it
,
who
had
been
long
gull'd
with
fair
promises
,
until
he
was
forced
to
be
severe
to
his
most
faithful
Subjects
;
and
then
afterward
was
delivered
up
to
the
pleasure
of
the
Faction
.
That
they
would
cloath
him
with
the
Name
and
Title
of
a
King
,
but
keep
all
the
Power
and
real
Authority
in
their
own
hands
.
And
that
if
he
offered
for
the
future
to
resist
,
and
get
his
neck
from
under
the
Yoke
,
they
would
deliver
him
up
to
the
English
Regicides
,
or
kill
him
with
their
own
hands
.
That
he
would
do
better
to
stick
by
Montross
,
than
by
the
united
Forces
of
Scotland
,
whom
he
had
found
to
be
faithful
and
brave
in
doubtful
and
difficult
times
,
and
magnanimous
and
fortunate
at
a
pinch
;
that
with
his
own
,
and
the
Forces
of
his
Friends
,
succours
from
abroad
,
and
the
aid
of
the
English
,
Irish
,
and
Scots
,
he
might
mount
his
Throne
in
spight
of
all
the
attempts
and
endeavours
of
his
Enemies
.
Others
again
magnified
the
Authority
of
Parliament
,
and
the
Power
of
the
Covenanters
,
Others
perswade
him
to
listen
to
the
Scots
,
giving
it
out
,
that
the
English
also
who
loved
Presbytery
,
secretly
favoured
the
Scots
,
though
at
present
they
discovered
not
themselves
;
that
it
would
procure
him
likewise
reputation
abroad
,
to
be
owned
King
of
Scotland
:
As
the
Queen-Mother
also
did
.
That
the
Queen
also
exhorted
him
to
make
Peace
with
the
Scots
;
who
though
at
first
they
proposed
severe
and
grievous
Conditions
of
Union
,
yet
his
Majesty
would
in
progress
of
time
obtain
more
easie
terms
,
the
Covenanters
by
long
conversation
and
frequent
Offices
being
won
over
to
calmer
and
milder
Dispositions
;
that
they
consulted
their
own
Interests
,
under
the
Veil
of
Divine
Worship
and
Cloak
of
Religion
,
and
that
by
complying
with
the
Times
,
he
would
at
length
find
the
Scots
more
tractable
and
submissive
to
his
his
Will
and
Pleasure
.
Thus
the
King
betwixt
Scylla
and
Charybdis
,
was
for
some
time
at
a
stand
,
☞
uncertain
to
what
side
to
adhere
,
but
resolving
to
determine
himself
for
the
future
as
occasion
did
present
.
Windram
being
sent
into
Scotland
,
the
Kings
Answer
is
kindly
received
,
and
joyful
hopes
of
concord
begin
to
shine
out
over
the
whole
Nation
.
The
King
acquaints
Montross
with
the
Treaty
to
be
held
with
the
Scots
at
Breda
:
The
Kings
Majesty
,
in
the
mean
time
writes
to
Montross
,
to
whom
he
had
formerly
given
a
Commission
to
invade
Scotland
,
acquainting
him
with
what
the
Scots
had
done
,
what
answer
he
had
sent
to
them
,
and
that
a
Treaty
was
to
be
held
at
Breda
for
settling
a
Peace
:
That
he
nevertheless
should
go
on
in
levying
Souldiers
,
that
he
might
with
as
many
men
as
possibly
he
could
make
be
ready
in
Scotland
,
at
the
time
that
the
Scots
began
their
Treaty
.
For
so
he
doubted
not
but
that
they
would
insist
upon
easier
terms
,
when
they
perceived
him
in
a
readiness
to
revenge
by
Arms
the
injuries
that
might
be
offered
to
him
.
Now
his
Majesty
thought
it
fit
to
leave
Jersey
,
And
presently
leaves
the
Isle
of
Jersey
.
both
because
he
had
intelligence
that
the
Rump-Parliament
were
preparing
a
Fleet
,
for
invading
the
Island
;
and
also
that
all
things
necessary
might
be
in
readiness
against
the
time
of
the
following
Treaty
.
In
the
mean
time
the
convention
of
the
Estates
of
Scotland
consult
about
Proposals
,
The
convention
of
the
Estates
of
Scotland
chuse
Commissioners
,
and
the
chusing
of
Commissioners
to
be
sent
to
the
King
:
Where
the
Ministers
forgetting
all
Modesty
and
Justice
,
propose
Conditions
extreamly
rigid
,
difficult
and
impossible
;
for
qualifying
and
mitigating
which
the
Lay-men
bestir
themselves
;
and
at
length
they
ioyntly
agree
upon
this
.
That
the
Commissioners
be
the
Earls
of
Cassils
and
Louthian
,
the
Lord
Burleigh
,
and
Laird
of
Liberton
;
Smith
and
Jeffreys
to
represent
the
Laity
;
and
Brodie
,
Lawson
,
And
agree
upon
Articles
to
be
sent
to
the
King
.
and
Wood
,
the
Clergy
.
That
the
Proposals
should
be
these
.
That
a
Proclamation
should
be
issued
out
,
prohibiting
all
Excommunicated
Persons
to
come
to
Court
.
That
the
King
should
bind
himself
by
his
Royal
Promise
under
Hand
and
Seal
,
to
take
the
National
Covenant
,
and
the
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
of
the
three
Kingdoms
.
That
he
should
besides
ratifie
all
Acts
of
Parliament
,
whereby
the
League
and
Covenant
,
Presbyterian
Government
,
the
Directory
of
Worship
,
Confession
of
Faith
and
Catechism
are
enjoyned
;
and
that
he
should
use
the
same
in
his
own
Family
,
and
not
suffer
them
to
be
innovated
or
abolished
by
any
.
Moreover
that
in
all
Civil
Affairs
,
he
should
govern
according
to
the
direction
of
Parliament
,
and
in
Ecclesiasticals
,
according
to
that
of
the
Assembly
of
the
Kirk
.
Which
,
proposed
at
Breda
:
These
Proposals
are
after
a
Sermon
,
were
delivered
by
the
Earl
of
Cassils
at
Breda
.
The
King
asking
if
they
had
any
more
to
say
?
They
answer
,
Nothing
;
and
after
,
if
they
were
obliged
by
any
engagement
to
be
revenged
on
the
Regicides
?
They
answer
,
By
none
.
And
presently
after
a
few
more
by
other
Commissioners
;
especially
against
Montross
.
Whil'st
his
Majesty
was
consulting
about
these
,
other
Commissioners
come
,
to
wit
,
Murrey
and
the
Earl
of
Carnwath
,
with
some
few
additions
to
the
former
Proposals
;
as
that
His
Majesty
would
forbid
Montross
and
his
Followers
to
enter
the
Kingdom
,
and
by
his
assent
confirm
the
last
Acts
of
Parliament
.
And
now
it
is
time
to
relate
the
misfortune
of
Montross
.
He
being
honoured
with
the
Kings
Commission
,
uses
all
his
endeavours
amongst
the
Sweeds
,
The
deplorable
fate
of
that
Excellent
Hero
is
related
;
Danes
,
Poles
,
Germans
,
and
all
the
Northern
Nations
,
that
being
furnished
and
assisted
with
Men
,
Money
,
Arms
and
Provisions
,
he
might
pass
over
into
Scotland
.
And
without
delay
,
having
for
haste
left
behind
King
with
a
Body
of
Horse
in
Sweden
,
who
designed
to
follow
him
;
and
Ogilbey
also
in
Holland
to
gather
the
disbanded
Souldiers
of
the
Prince
of
Oranges
Army
,
Who
w●th
a
small
handful
of
men
arrives
too
soon
in
Scotland
.
who
misapplied
the
Money
designed
for
that
purpose
;
with
fifteen
hundred
Arms
furnished
by
the
Queen
of
Sweden
,
fuor
Ships
,
(
of
which
two
were
cast
away
upon
the
Rocks
)
and
four
hundred
raw
Souldiers
raised
in
a
hurry
,
he
arrives
at
the
Isles
of
Orkney
;
and
there
having
ioyned
about
a
thousand
of
the
Islanders
,
most
part
Fishermen
,
he
set
Sail
and
landed
at
the
Wick
of
Cathness
;
chearfully
reflecting
upon
what
he
had
done
before
,
and
full
of
hopes
,
that
he
should
in
a
short
time
get
together
a
considerable
Army
,
by
the
concourse
of
those
who
had
heretofore
been
for
the
King
.
But
,
alas
!
that
hope
deceived
Montross
.
The
Nation
was
now
of
another
mind
,
He
is
sadly
disappointed
of
his
hopes
,
the
Nation
being
now
worn
out
with
troubles
,
and
inclinable
to
peace
.
being
tired
out
and
broken
with
the
Wars
,
their
dangers
over
,
inclinable
to
Peace
;
and
restrained
by
the
severities
of
the
Covenanters
.
The
whole
Country
was
in
Arms
,
so
soon
as
they
heard
of
his
arrival
.
The
Parliament
happened
at
that
time
to
be
sitting
,
and
not
without
the
King's
Command
,
and
had
seven
or
eight
thousand
men
under
the
Command
of
Lesly
.
The
Clans
chose
rather
to
have
a
Peace
from
any
Masters
,
than
an
uncertain
one
,
though
more
favourable
;
and
to
enjoy
with
security
rather
an
incommodious
rest
,
than
with
the
danger
of
Fortune
to
endeavour
a
change
by
stirs
.
Nay
many
who
were
even
ready
to
lay
down
their
lives
for
the
King
,
having
now
at
length
capitulated
with
the
Parliament
,
and
promised
obedience
and
submission
,
think
they
cannot
act
contrary
without
a
Crime
.
Nevertheless
he
takes
Dumbeath
Castle
,
He
takes
Dumbeath
.
with
a
resolute
mind
advances
farther
;
and
expecting
that
the
Earl
of
Seaforth
would
joyn
him
with
two
thousand
Men
,
And
hastens
to
p●ssess
himself
of
a
Pass
.
But
Straughan
was
at
hand
with
three
hundred
Horse
.
whom
he
had
raised
for
the
King
:
He
hastens
to
possess
himself
of
a
narrow
and
difficult
pass
,
which
being
taken
,
would
facilitate
their
Conjunction
.
But
Straughan
met
him
upon
his
march
,
who
was
sent
before
by
Lesly
with
three
hundred
choice
Horse
,
that
he
might
watch
his
motion
,
beat
up
his
Quarters
,
withstand
his
Progress
,
intercept
Men
and
Provisions
that
might
be
sent
to
his
Camp
,
and
if
a
fair
occasion
offered
,
not
only
Skirmish
with
him
,
Who
perceiving
his
opportunity
,
falls
upon
him
,
easily
routs
and
puts
his
men
to
flight
.
but
put
it
to
the
hazzard
of
a
Battel
.
This
Man
perceiving
them
to
be
out
of
order
,
weary
,
and
only
Foot
,
in
an
open
and
plain
Champion
,
falls
suddenly
in
upon
them
,
and
tries
the
fortune
of
War
;
and
with
that
success
,
that
the
Souldiers
of
the
Isles
at
once
throwing
away
both
their
Arms
and
Courage
,
betake
themselves
to
flight
.
The
Germans
in
the
mean
time
defending
themselves
,
Montross
betakes
himself
to
flight
,
and
being
spent
with
three
days
fasting
,
confiding
in
a
treacherous
man
,
is
brought
to
Leslie
,
until
getting
leave
to
depart
,
they
sailed
over
Seas
.
All
the
Baggage
was
taken
by
Straughan
and
the
Standard
,
bearing
the
Figure
of
a
Head
cut
off
,
with
this
Motto
,
Judica
&
vindica
causam
,
Domine
,
Judge
and
avenge
the
Cause
,
O
Lord
.
Montross
fled
,
and
having
changed
his
Cloaths
with
a
certain
High-lander
,
for
three
or
four
days
he
lurked
,
accompanied
only
with
one
Servant
,
till
being
weakned
and
spent
with
Hunger
and
Fasting
,
he
trusted
himself
with
the
Laird
of
Aston
,
who
,
although
he
had
formerly
served
under
him
,
yet
,
having
changed
his
Faith
with
his
Fortune
,
betrayed
him
to
Leslie
for
a
reward
of
two
thousand
pounds
.
The
Lord
Freuderick
,
Colonel
Hurrie
,
Francis
Haye
of
Dalgetty
,
another
Haye
of
Naughton
,
Sibbald
,
Grey
,
Spotswood
,
and
others
were
likewise
taken
by
Straughan
.
And
from
thence
into
the
Jaws
of
his
Enemies
,
and
is
basely
used
at
Edinburrough
:
But
Montross
is
made
a
subject
of
triumph
,
when
he
was
come
within
a
Mile
of
Edinburrough
,
is
ordered
to
be
bound
by
the
Hangman
,
in
a
Chair
,
and
planted
backwards
in
a
Cart
,
that
he
might
be
seen
of
all
,
the
Executioner
riding
with
his
Cap
on
upon
the
Beast
that
drew
the
Cart
;
and
in
that
posture
he
is
carried
to
the
Tolbooth
,
the
publick
Prison
for
Malefactors
;
many
of
the
Spectators
bursting
out
into
Tears
,
when
they
reflected
upon
the
changeableness
and
inconstancy
of
Fortune
.
Next
day
he
is
in
Parliament
accused
of
hainous
Crimes
,
Next
day
he
is
arraigned
at
the
Bar
of
the
Parliament
.
It
is
objected
against
him
,
That
he
had
stopt
the
Kings
Ears
to
the
Parliament
,
and
to
the
rest
of
his
Subjects
,
who
gave
him
good
Counsel
;
That
he
had
brought
over
the
Irish
Rebels
to
make
War
in
the
very
heart
of
the
Kingdom
:
That
he
had
heretofore
slain
some
of
the
Parliamentarians
;
That
he
had
committed
many
Spoils
,
Depopulations
,
and
Devastations
,
in
the
Lands
of
the
Marquess
of
Argile
;
That
he
had
ill
treated
some
Ministers
upon
his
first
coming
into
Scotland
;
That
upon
his
second
landing
in
Scotland
,
he
had
brought
foreign
Souldiers
with
him
,
and
that
without
Commission
,
for
what
was
known
to
others
;
That
he
had
been
ill
affected
towards
all
Covenanters
,
and
that
he
had
basely
broken
the
League
and
Covenant
,
which
he
had
solemnly
taken
and
Sworn
.
These
were
the
Crimes
that
were
laid
to
his
Charge
.
But
he
foreseeing
that
a
defence
would
not
stand
him
in
any
stead
,
answers
in
short
and
general
terms
;
Which
he
shortly
answered
and
refuted
.
That
it
was
very
well
known
he
had
made
the
Invasion
by
Commission
from
the
King
;
that
he
had
never
acted
any
thing
,
which
was
not
approved
by
the
Kings
Command
,
and
his
own
Conscience
;
that
by
the
League
and
Covenant
he
was
bound
to
obey
the
Kings
Majesty
as
well
as
the
Commons
.
He
was
only
brought
twice
before
the
Parliament
,
and
a
third
time
to
receive
Sentence
,
Nevertheless
he
is
Condemned
by
Chancellour
Loudon
,
to
suffer
in
a
most
horrid
manner
.
pronounced
by
Chancellour
Loudon
,
with
all
maginable
bitterness
and
Contempt
,
which
he
undauntedly
,
and
without
the
least
Sign
of
Consternation
,
heard
given
against
him
in
these
Words
.
That
next
day
,
the
one
and
twentieth
of
March
,
one
thousand
six
hundred
and
fifty
,
he
should
be
hanged
on
a
Gibbet
at
the
Cross
in
Edinburrough
,
until
he
died
,
his
History
and
Declaration
being
tied
about
his
neck
,
and
to
hang
three
hours
in
publick
view
of
all
the
People
,
after
which
he
should
be
beheaded
and
quartered
,
his
Head
to
be
fix'd
upon
the
Talbooth
of
Edinburrough
,
and
his
Legs
and
Arms
over
the
Gates
of
the
Cities
,
Sterling
,
Glascow
,
Dundee
,
and
Aberdeen
:
And
in
case
he
repented
(
whereby
the
Sentence
of
Excommunication
may
be
taken
off
by
the
Kirk
)
the
bulk
of
his
Body
should
be
buried
in
the
Gray
Friers
,
if
not
,
in
the
Burrough
Moor
(
a
place
like
TYBVRN
)
.
Nothing
did
his
Blood
descended
from
the
Race
of
the
ancient
Nobility
,
nor
his
Heroick
Virtues
,
avail
him
;
nor
could
the
Clemency
that
he
had
us'd
towards
the
Vanquished
,
nor
the
Kings
Commission
,
whereby
he
had
undertaken
the
War
,
procure
him
any
Favour
.
Neither
,
indeed
,
did
he
desire
any
Favour
,
but
with
a
brave
and
undaunted
Mind
,
told
them
,
That
he
thought
it
no
less
honourable
to
have
his
Head
put
upon
the
Tolbooth
,
than
to
have
his
Picture
hang
in
the
Kings
Bed-Chamber
:
wishing
that
he
had
Flesh
and
Parts
enough
to
be
set
up
in
all
places
,
as
a
monument
of
his
unshaken
Loyalty
to
the
King
.
He
piously
and
couragiously
suffered
the
publick
shame
he
was
put
to
,
Next
day
he
suffered
a
barbarous
and
inhumane
death
.
with
so
much
Force
in
answering
the
Ministers
,
such
sincerity
in
speaking
to
the
People
,
and
so
much
Zeal
and
Fervour
in
his
Devotions
,
that
he
made
the
Ministers
ashamed
,
cleared
his
Innocence
to
the
People
,
and
gave
a
proof
of
his
Piety
towards
God
.
None
of
the
Spectatours
could
refrain
from
Tears
;
unless
it
was
the
Lady
Lorn
,
who
could
not
forbear
laughing
;
but
her
Note
and
Carriage
was
changed
,
when
she
might
have
seen
the
Head
of
her
Father-in-Law
,
Argile
,
cut
off
in
the
same
place
,
as
it
happened
not
many
years
after
.
Three
or
four
Gentlemen
more
,
who
could
give
any
hopes
of
retrieving
the
Kings
Affairs
,
that
were
now
sinking
in
Scotland
,
were
overwhelmed
in
the
same
ruin
,
and
publickly
put
to
death
.
The
news
of
this
horrid
Cruelty
no
sooner
came
to
the
Kings
Ears
,
but
,
The
King
was
extreamly
grieved
at
this
misfortune
,
and
expostulates
with
Murrey
.
afflicted
with
extream
Sorrow
,
he
sent
for
Murrey
,
and
told
him
,
that
he
was
grieved
at
the
Heart
,
that
during
the
very
Treaty
,
when
he
thought
the
minds
of
all
to
be
disposed
to
Peace
,
the
Parliament
had
polluted
themselves
with
the
Blood
of
his
best
Subjects
;
demanding
an
account
of
the
whole
Tragedy
,
and
of
the
Blood
that
was
spilt
.
Yet
he
judged
it
most
convenient
,
Yet
he
conceals
his
Anger
.
not
to
give
way
to
his
just
Anger
,
but
rather
to
moderate
and
restrain
his
Indignation
,
no
hopes
being
now
left
him
him
,
but
what
depended
on
the
Scots
.
The
Scots
make
answer
,
That
they
still
persist
in
the
same
Mind
and
Loyalty
towards
his
Majesty
.
That
they
gladly
heard
that
there
were
hopes
of
restoring
Peace
:
That
he
should
not
be
moved
with
Obstacles
that
,
at
first
hearing
,
were
grievous
:
That
nothing
had
been
acted
in
the
case
of
Montross
,
that
the
King
himself
could
repent
of
,
or
that
did
not
consist
with
Reason
and
Justice
.
The
Scots
labour
to
soften
and
appease
the
King
,
This
Answer
past
by
Plurality
of
Votes
in
Parliament
,
though
two
and
thirty
Republicans
opposed
it
.
That
he
should
hasten
his
Voyage
into
Scotland
:
That
they
were
ready
with
all
their
Might
and
Force
to
stand
by
and
defend
him
against
his
Enemies
;
tho
they
had
intercepted
Letters
written
to
Montross
,
which
they
chose
rather
to
bury
in
Oblivion
,
than
mention
.
At
length
,
the
King
,
Who
at
length
consents
to
their
Articles
,
by
the
advice
of
William
,
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
others
,
consents
to
the
Articles
of
the
Scots
,
with
some
little
Qualification
and
Restriction
;
and
bidding
farewel
to
most
of
his
Faithful
Domestick
Servants
,
and
to
the
Church-men
,
his
Chaplains
,
whose
company
he
thought
would
not
be
acceptable
to
the
Scots
,
And
together
with
the
Commissioners
,
that
in
different
Ships
,
he
puts
out
to
Sea
;
by
whom
he
is
on
Board
plied
with
new
Proposals
,
about
the
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
.
he
,
with
the
Commissioners
,
but
in
different
Ships
,
set
Sail
from
Scheveling
in
Holland
,
directing
his
Course
towards
the
River
of
Spey
.
But
by
that
time
they
were
a
little
out
at
Sea
,
the
Commissioners
came
to
the
King
,
having
,
as
they
said
,
received
new
Instructions
,
and
intreat
him
that
he
would
Subscribe
and
Confirm
the
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
,
according
to
the
Commands
they
had
received
from
the
Parliament
.
For
he
had
signed
the
National
Covenant
already
,
and
promised
not
to
be
against
this
;
he
had
allowed
it
also
to
be
imposed
upon
all
others
;
and
told
them
,
that
if
he
might
give
his
Reasons
personally
to
the
Parliament
,
why
he
could
not
subscribe
it
,
he
would
comply
.
Which
with
reluctancy
he
subcribes
in
presence
of
Witnesses
,
This
so
stuck
with
the
King
,
and
vexed
him
so
much
,
that
he
was
about
to
have
changed
his
Course
,
and
failed
back
again
to
Holland
.
But
being
prevailed
upon
,
he
at
length
subscribed
;
and
that
no
place
of
doubting
might
be
left
,
five
or
six
are
called
to
subscribe
as
witnesses
to
the
Act
and
Deed.
No
sooner
was
this
Evil
over
,
but
he
fell
into
danger
by
continual
storms
,
and
English
Frigats
,
that
lay
in
wait
for
him
,
of
all
things
most
to
be
feared
.
For
those
that
looked
from
Land
,
believed
those
Frigats
to
have
been
up
with
the
Kings
Ships
,
though
indeed
they
saw
not
one
another
by
reason
of
a
Cloud
that
interposed
.
And
so
after
so
many
dangers
,
And
at
length
,
after
many
dangers
,
arrives
in
the
Spey
;
under
the
protection
of
Almighty
God
,
they
all
safely
arrived
in
the
Spey
.
With
the
general
applause
of
the
People
.
The
People
were
not
a
little
gladded
by
the
Kings
Landing
in
Scotland
,
testifying
their
Joys
with
Shouts
,
and
Acclamations
and
Bonefires
.
But
the
Commissioners
,
that
with
shew
of
greater
Honour
they
might
conduct
him
to
Edinburrough
,
put
back
those
,
that
in
sense
of
Duty
came
to
salute
and
honour
him
,
and
beat
off
others
with
Fists
and
Sticks
,
that
more
importunately
approached
.
He
is
splendidly
entertained
at
Aberdeen
;
He
was
splendidly
entertained
by
the
Magistrates
of
Aberdeen
,
who
,
for
a
pledge
of
their
Love
,
presented
him
with
fifteen
hundred
Marks
,
which
he
distributed
amongst
his
indigent
,
and
almost
famished
Servants
.
And
that
occasioned
a
Proclamation
for
securing
their
Money
,
That
such
as
thought
fit
to
bestow
any
thing
for
the
interest
of
the
King
,
it
should
only
be
brought
into
the
publick
Treasury
.
The
Magistrates
of
Dundee
entertained
him
likewise
magnificently
,
And
at
Dundee
also
.
saving
that
a
Member
of
Montross
was
to
be
seen
upon
a
Poll
,
on
the
top
of
the
Town
Hall
;
and
that
the
Estates
urged
him
to
sign
new
Articles
.
Afterwards
he
came
to
Edinburrough
,
And
when
he
came
to
Edinburrough
,
he
was
solemnly
proclaimed
King
of
Scotland
,
England
,
and
Ireland
.
There
he
is
managed
at
the
pleasure
of
Commissioners
,
and
continually
vexed
by
the
Ministers
.
amidst
the
reiterated
and
joyful
Acclamations
of
all
the
People
,
and
is
again
by
the
Heralds
proclaimed
King
of
Scotland
,
England
,
and
Ireland
.
The
Kings
Majesty
is
managed
according
to
the
pleasure
of
some
Commissioners
;
access
is
allowed
to
such
as
they
thought
fit
,
all
others
being
kept
back
.
His
Guard
is
Commanded
by
the
Lord
Lorn
,
Son
to
the
Marquess
of
Argile
,
by
whom
all
the
avenues
are
observed
,
that
no
man
might
envy
that
splendid
custody
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Presbyterian
Ministers
,
talk
of
nothing
but
Crimes
;
now
inveighing
against
the
Sins
of
his
Father
,
and
by
and
by
again
,
against
the
Idolatry
and
Heresie
of
his
Mother
,
and
the
obstinacy
of
both
,
towards
the
Reformation
,
the
Government
and
Church
of
Christ
:
They
never
rest
telling
him
of
Wars
,
Slaughter
,
Bloodshed
,
of
his
Education
and
living
amongst
Bishops
,
Men
of
no
Religion
,
and
that
in
a
saucy
manner
,
without
the
least
sense
of
reverence
or
shame
.
Labouring
to
make
him
a
new
Creature
,
by
lessons
of
Repentance
and
Humility
,
severe
rebukes
and
admonitions
,
that
he
might
carry
his
Cross
,
before
he
put
on
his
Crown
,
and
mount
by
the
Valley
of
Bacha
,
to
the
Throne
of
regal
Authority
.
And
all
these
things
they
so
absurdly
and
clownishly
set
about
,
that
their
Doctrins
and
Instructions
were
more
apt
to
make
him
nauseate
and
eternally
hate
their
ways
,
than
to
gain
him
to
a
liking
or
assent
to
their
Opinions
.
The
King
one
evening
walking
in
the
Garden
,
a
couple
of
dapper
Covenant
Levites
making
up
to
him
,
and
very
severely
chid
him
for
profaning
the
Lords
Day
by
a
Walk
;
By
the
Laicks
also
almost
divested
of
his
Royal
Power
.
though
he
had
heard
two
Sermons
,
and
been
publickly
at
Morning
and
Evening
Prayers
that
day
,
besides
other
private
Meditations
that
he
was
much
given
to
.
The
Laity
also
instead
of
a
Crown
of
Gold
shining
with
Jewels
,
which
they
bragg'd
they
would
Crown
him
with
,
the
precious
Stones
being
secretly
and
by
degrees
pick'd
out
of
it
,
give
him
one
of
Feathers
,
such
as
Demetrius
truly
said
,
no
man
in
his
senses
would
stoop
and
take
up
from
the
ground
,
by
allowing
him
his
Robes
,
the
Name
of
Majesty
,
and
Ensigns
of
a
King
,
with
the
troubles
and
difficulties
of
doing
Justice
,
(
though
that
also
must
be
administred
after
their
way
;
)
whilst
they
invaded
and
reserved
to
themselves
,
the
substantial
Prerogatives
of
making
Laws
,
and
Peace
,
and
War
.
The
Regicides
informed
of
all
that
past
,
look
to
themselves
.
But
these
things
could
not
be
so
kept
up
from
the
Regicides
(
though
the
Parliaments
claw'd
one
another
,
with
mutual
signs
of
good-will
,
by
Conferences
and
Messengers
,
at
least
no
Hostility
as
yet
appears
)
but
that
by
their
Friends
and
Emissaries
in
Holland
and
Scotland
,
who
were
well
paid
for
their
pains
,
they
were
informed
of
the
whole
series
of
the
pacification
.
And
therefore
they
consult
how
they
might
provide
before
hand
,
against
a
storm
that
haug
over
their
heads
.
Therefore
passing
by
Fairfax
,
who
favoured
the
S●ots
,
There
was
an
Army
in
readiness
under
the
Command
of
Fairfax
;
but
that
General
was
not
very
prone
to
enter
into
a
War
with
the
Scots
;
who
had
not
as
yet
provoked
the
English
by
any
injuries
;
they
suspected
him
rather
to
have
a
kindness
for
that
Nation
;
and
to
be
inwardly
displeased
at
the
Murder
of
the
King
,
and
subversion
of
the
Government
.
They
therefore
recal
Cromwell
out
of
Ireland
,
Cromwell
is
recalled
from
Ireland
,
who
with
much
solemnity
and
applause
returns
to
London
:
to
give
him
the
charge
of
the
Scottish
War
.
He
quickly
returning
home
Crowned
with
Victories
and
Success
,
in
a
triumphant
manner
entred
London
amidst
a
crowd
of
Attendants
,
Friends
,
Citizens
,
and
Members
of
the
Rump-Parliament
,
Guarded
by
a
Troop
of
Horse
and
a
Regiment
of
Foot
,
and
amongst
them
Fairfax
himself
,
went
out
two
miles
to
meet
him
,
and
congratulate
his
Arrival
.
But
when
they
were
come
to
Tyburn
,
the
place
of
publick
Execution
,
where
a
great
croud
of
spectators
were
gathered
together
,
a
certain
flatterer
pointing
with
his
finger
to
the
Multitude
;
Good
God!
Sir
,
(
said
he
)
what
a
number
of
People
come
to
welcome
you
home
?
He
smiling
,
made
answer
,
But
how
many
more
do
you
think
,
would
flock
together
to
see
me
hanged
,
if
that
should
happen
?
There
was
nothing
more
unlikely
at
that
time
;
and
yet
there
was
a
presage
in
these
words
,
which
he
often
repeated
and
used
in
discourse
.
The
Regicides
and
he
having
consulted
,
it
is
thought
fit
to
ease
the
Lord
Fairfax
of
the
burden
;
and
Cromwell
is
declared
Captain
General
of
all
the
Forces
in
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
;
And
is
presently
declared
Captain
General
of
the
Forces
in
place
of
Fairfax
,
for
an
immediate
Invasion
of
Scotland
.
The
Scots
send
Dehortatory
Letters
;
who
undertakes
the
War
against
the
Scots
,
having
ordered
Souldiers
and
Provisions
to
be
sent
towards
Berwick
.
The
Scots
instantly
send
Letters
to
the
Rump-Parliament
,
Cromwell
,
and
Haselrigg
Governour
of
New-Castle
;
wherein
they
complain
that
the
Rump-Parliament
design
an
Invasion
of
their
Country
;
and
that
contrary
to
the
Vnion
agreed
upon
betwixt
both
Nations
,
and
the
publick
Faith
mutually
given
,
no
War
being
denounced
,
the
Cause
not
published
,
nor
their
Answers
expected
,
without
giving
them
time
to
repent
,
if
they
had
offended
in
any
thing
.
To
which
the
English
Officers
answer
.
But
that
the
Scene
might
be
continued
,
The
English
Officers
give
an
Answer
,
The
summ
of
which
,
that
the
Genius
of
these
times
may
the
better
appear
to
Posterity
,
I
shall
here
shortly
relate
.
And
after
a
Preface
,
it
was
to
this
purpose
.
We
are
blamed
for
the
Murder
of
the
King
,
for
which
we
are
bound
rather
to
give
God
thanks
,
and
applaud
the
Parliament
,
since
the
King
was
guilty
of
more
bloodshed
than
the
cruelty
of
all
his
Predecessours
;
an
obstinate
Enemy
of
Reformation
,
and
of
all
good
men
;
who
besides
taught
his
Son
to
follow
his
footsteps
:
Him
the
sounder
part
of
the
People
,
(
the
timorous
and
bad
Members
being
secluded
)
justly
put
to
death
;
God
Almighty
show'd
them
the
who
way
at
first
,
approving
it
by
wonderful
successes
and
continual
benedictions
.
What
is
on
the
other
hand
objected
,
that
the
Treaty
,
the
Law
of
Arms
,
and
the
League
and
Covenant
are
violated
,
by
a
War
made
before
it
be
denounced
,
but
that
Treaty
is
already
abrogated
by
Hamilton
,
at
the
Command
of
his
own
Parliament
;
unless
it
be
thought
that
the
English
only
are
bound
by
the
Religion
of
Treaties
and
Agreements
,
but
the
Scots
not
at
all
.
Let
them
pretend
their
League
and
Covenant
;
but
withal
,
let
them
consider
that
therein
Religion
and
the
Liberty
of
the
Subject
is
in
the
first
place
to
be
secured
,
☜
and
that
the
honour
and
defence
of
the
King
is
designed
but
in
the
second
place
,
and
in
order
to
the
former
;
since
therefore
these
two
thwart
one
another
,
it
is
but
just
that
that
which
is
last
,
and
mor●
ignoble
be
dispenced
with
.
As
to
what
concerns
the
establishment
of
Presbytery
,
it
was
not
certainly
the
intention
of
the
Covenant
,
by
force
of
Arms
,
to
impose
it
upon
people
whether
they
would
or
not
,
unless
it
could
be
made
out
by
Holy
Scripture
,
and
Arguments
of
sound
reason
;
to
which
they
themselves
were
ready
to
subscribe
.
Afterwards
they
profess
in
the
Name
of
God
,
and
with
bowels
full
of
love
and
compassion
,
That
it
would
be
their
greatest
joy
,
if
without
Arms
they
might
obtain
satisfaction
and
security
.
This
they
cause
to
be
dispersed
among
the
Scots
that
came
to
Market
to
Berwick
,
thereby
to
wheedle
them
,
and
create
a
good
Opinion
of
themselves
,
and
stir
up
Factions
among
the
People
.
Cromwell
also
gives
the
Scots
sweet
words
;
Cromwell
also
wheadles
the
common
people
of
Scotland
with
sweet
words
.
having
published
a
Declaration
,
and
caused
it
by
his
Agents
to
be
dispersed
through
Scotland
:
Wherein
he
bids
the
honest
Inhabitants
,
through
whose
Countries
the
Army
was
to
march
,
to
be
of
good
courage
;
he
having
no
quarrel
with
them
;
and
not
to
depart
from
their
Houses
;
it
being
his
intention
to
do
injury
to
no
man
,
but
rather
to
protect
all
.
He
moreover
puts
them
in
mind
of
the
modesty
and
good
discipline
of
the
Souldiers
,
whereof
they
themselves
were
eye
witnesses
,
when
he
pursued
Duke
Hamilton
's
men
into
the
heart
of
the
Kingdom
,
telling
them
that
from
that
was
past
,
they
should
make
a
Judgment
of
what
was
to
come
.
That
he
took
to
heart
all
the
concerns
of
good
men
;
and
that
now
he
drew
his
Sword
against
the
Authors
of
wrongs
,
who
had
lately
polluted
both
England
and
Scotland
with
Blood
and
Slaughter
,
and
who
would
involve
them
into
new
Miseries
,
having
admitted
into
their
bosom
the
King
,
an
open
favourer
of
wickedness
.
But
in
vain
,
seeing
all
fled
,
leaving
no
victuals
behind
them
.
But
he
sings
to
the
deaf
,
they
being
now
sufficiently
acquainted
with
his
tricks
and
fallacies
:
For
the
Inhabitants
flying
with
what
Goods
they
could
carry
with
them
,
betook
themselves
to
places
of
more
security
;
nor
was
there
a
bit
of
Victuals
to
be
found
in
that
Country
,
but
what
was
brought
in
the
Ships
that
waited
upon
the
Coast
.
Cromwell
having
entered
Scotland
,
About
the
end
of
June
,
one
thousand
six
hundred
and
fifty
,
after
four
days
march
in
the
Enemies
Country
,
he
came
to
Musselbrough
,
within
a
few
miles
of
Edenborrough
,
with
five
thousand
five
hundred
Horse
,
eleven
thousand
Foot
,
sixteen
field
pieces
,
and
all
sorts
of
warlike
Provisions
.
The
Scots
encamp
betwixt
Leeth
and
Edenburrough
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Scots
were
not
idle
;
but
having
levied
an
Army
under
the
Command
of
Old
Leslie
,
with
much
expedition
,
part
of
the
Forces
were
encamped
and
strongly
entrenched
betwixt
Leeth
and
Edenburrough
.
To
whose
assistance
flocked
daily
Souldiers
raised
in
all
parts
,
who
had
taken
the
Covenant
,
and
neither
served
under
Montross
nor
Hamilton
.
No
respect
in
the
mean
time
was
had
to
the
King
,
who
was
left
at
St.
Johnston
,
upon
pretext
,
that
he
had
not
spent
time
enough
in
Prayers
and
the
Works
of
Mortification
,
for
receiving
the
mold
and
impression
of
Presbytery
.
Cromwell
afterward
draws
up
his
Army
in
Battalia
,
within
a
mile
of
the
Scottish
Camp
,
Cromwell
shews
hims●lf
,
and
provokes
them
to
Battel
:
Then
thinks
of
falling
in
upon
their
Camp
,
but
thinks
it
safer
to
march
back
to
Musselbrough
to
ref●esh
his
Souldiers
.
and
took
the
Field
that
he
might
provoke
them
to
come
to
Battel
.
But
the
Scots
not
inclining
to
come
to
an
Engagement
,
he
went
up
to
Arthurs
seat
near
Edenburrough
,
that
he
might
view
the
Enemy
,
and
consider
whether
he
had
not
best
to
fall
into
their
Camp
,
whil'st
his
Forces
were
as
yet
in
good
plight
,
and
the
Scots
not
altogether
well
prepared
.
But
the
Officers
disswaded
him
from
that
enterprise
as
being
full
of
danger
,
if
not
also
rash
.
Wherefore
perceiving
that
no
good
was
to
be
done
that
way
,
he
marches
towards
Musselbrough
to
refresh
his
Souldiers
,
Lambert
beats
back
the
enemy
in
pursuit
of
the
English
.
Straughan
offers
great
matters
,
relying
not
only
on
the
Prayers
,
but
also
the
Horse
of
the
Clergy
.
leaving
a
Guard
behind
,
that
might
keep
the
Enemy
in
play
,
if
perchance
they
might
charge
him
in
the
Reer
.
And
indeed
,
they
did
so
,
and
beat
and
put
that
party
to
flight
;
pursuing
them
,
until
Lambert
with
another
Body
of
men
,
put
a
stop
to
their
Victory
,
though
he
received
two
wounds
.
Many
were
killed
in
that
Engagement
;
which
nevertheless
was
but
as
a
prelude
to
the
Slaughter
of
the
night
following
.
For
Straughan
had
undertaken
,
with
fifteen
hundred
Horse
raised
by
the
Clergy
,
to
have
Cromwell
either
alive
or
dead
.
For
that
end
Prayers
were
poured
forth
in
the
Churches
,
and
the
Ministers
roaring
from
the
Pulpits
,
implored
,
nay
,
I
had
almost
said
,
commanded
the
Victory
:
As
if
God
Almighty
had
been
obliged
in
duty
by
all
means
to
assist
his
own
Saints
,
purged
from
the
leaven
of
Malignancy
,
and
joyned
to
himself
by
Covenant
,
against
King-killing
Hereticks
and
Sectarians
.
In
the
mean
time
Straughan
falls
in
suddenly
and
briskly
upon
the
Cromwellians
,
He
falls
upon
the
English
.
and
puts
their
Out-Guards
into
Disorder
,
but
with
no
happy
success
,
But
is
beat
off
,
and
loses
his
Horse
.
for
the
Enemy
coming
up
in
Bodies
one
after
another
,
beat
off
the
Black-Coat
men
,
and
pursued
them
even
to
the
Camp
;
Straughan
himself
having
been
dismounted
,
and
with
much
ado
escaping
into
the
Town
.
The
flying
and
consternation
was
so
great
,
that
the
Pursuers
had
almost
entered
the
Enemies
Camp
,
had
not
the
Kings
Majesty
,
who
came
that
morning
,
been
happily
there
.
For
he
,
causing
the
Cannon
to
be
turned
against
the
Fugitives
,
The
King
reduces
the
terrified
Souldiers
into
order
.
threatned
to
Fire
upon
them
,
if
they
rallied
not
,
and
drew
up
again
in
order
,
under
the
protection
of
the
Guns
of
the
Camp
,
that
so
the
Troops
one
after
another
might
be
received
into
the
Camp
.
His
Majesty
lay
in
his
Cloaths
all
that
night
upon
the
ground
,
For
which
the
Souldiers
shew
him
very
great
Honou●
.
without
a
wink
of
sleep
;
but
the
Souldiers
next
morning
being
sensible
from
what
danger
he
had
delivered
the
Army
,
and
how
much
he
had
deserved
at
their
hands
,
had
C.
R.
marked
with
a
Coal
or
Match
,
some
upon
their
Hats
and
Caps
,
and
others
on
their
Coats
,
as
a
badge
of
their
gratitude
.
The
Commanders
are
angry
;
The
Ministers
pray
him
to
withdraw
:
The
Council
of
War
was
very
angry
at
these
things
;
and
the
Ministers
coming
,
earnestly
beg
of
him
,
that
he
would
withdraw
,
and
not
expose
himself
to
the
dangers
of
War
:
They
pretend
to
be
in
Covenant
with
God
,
as
no
King
was
;
and
that
That
Life
,
which
was
to
be
preferred
before
the
Lives
of
ten
thousand
private
Souldiers
,
was
not
to
be
exposed
to
the
Enemy
;
with
many
things
of
that
nature
.
But
the
King
obstinately
refusing
,
and
judging
it
unworthy
,
that
he
who
swayed
the
Royal
Scepter
,
and
wore
the
Crown
,
should
fear
Wounds
,
or
shun
the
shedding
of
his
Blood
for
his
Subjects
:
The
Commanders
also
come
and
intercede
with
him
:
They
beseech
,
urge
,
and
at
length
not
obscurely
threaten
,
that
if
he
would
not
,
he
might
shift
for
himself
;
and
if
he
desired
not
to
meet
with
worse
usage
,
he
would
remove
to
some
other
place
:
These
reasons
so
prevailed
,
that
at
length
he
withdrew
.
To
whom
with
much
ado
he
at
length
listens
.
Then
do
the
Nobles
and
Ministers
inquire
into
the
Authors
of
the
Kings
coming
,
and
order
almost
a
thousand
Horse
,
and
two
thousand
Foot
to
be
disbanded
,
as
being
Malignants
;
or
that
they
had
not
at
all
,
or
too
late
taken
the
Covenant
,
without
any
previous
signs
of
Repentance
.
But
Cromwell
at
that
time
knew
none
of
these
things
,
The
Prisoners
are
sent
home
in
Cromwells
Coach
.
who
without
any
ransome
sent
the
Prisoners
,
whom
he
had
taken
,
in
his
own
Coach
to
Edenburrough
,
that
by
that
good
Office
he
might
oblige
the
Kirk
,
having
not
as
yet
lost
all
hopes
of
the
Ministers
;
or
at
least
that
he
might
have
an
occasion
of
getting
Intelligence
of
the
affairs
of
the
Enemies
.
Cromwell
marches
back
to
Dunbar
,
Cromwell
returns
to
Dunbar
,
where
the
Ships
rode
at
Anchor
,
that
he
might
refresh
his
faint
Souldiers
with
Provisions
,
give
them
some
rest
,
and
draw
the
Scots
farther
off
from
their
Camp
;
but
being
impatient
of
delay
,
after
a
few
days
he
marched
back
again
,
And
from
thence
suddenly
marching
back
again
,
disturbs
the
joys
of
the
Scots
.
and
found
much
rejoycing
and
feasting
at
Edenburrough
,
for
the
departure
of
the
English
,
which
his
sudden
approach
quickly
put
a
stop
to
.
David
Leslie
is
sent
to
Cromwell
from
the
Comittee
of
the
Kirk
to
acquaint
him
;
That
the
King
stumbling
at
,
The
Kirk
and
States
renounce
the
defence
of
Malignants
.
and
refusing
to
subscribe
to
the
Declaration
offered
him
by
the
Committee
of
Estates
,
and
Commissioners
of
the
Kirk
,
concerning
his
former
Carriage
,
and
resolution
for
the
future
,
is
cause
of
just
Grief
and
Offence
,
in
reference
to
the
Cause
of
God
,
and
the
Enemies
and
Friends
thereof
.
And
therefore
they
do
declare
,
that
they
do
not
,
nor
will
not
espouse
any
malignant
Party
or
Quarrel
,
but
that
they
fight
meerly
upon
their
former
Grounds
and
Principles
,
in
the
cause
of
God
and
the
Kingdom
,
nor
will
they
own
the
King
,
nor
his
Interest
,
farther
than
he
owns
and
prosecutes
the
Cause
of
God
,
&c.
Cromwell
takes
two
Forts
in
view
of
the
Scots
;
Cromwell
perceiving
that
there
was
no
way
to
allure
the
Scots
to
a
Battel
,
marches
towards
Pentland
Hills
,
and
in
sight
of
the
Army
,
takes
in
Collington
and
Red-house
,
both
garrisoned
by
Souldiers
,
that
so
he
might
draw
the
Scots
out
of
their
Trenches
.
But
when
neither
that
could
do
,
he
drew
up
his
Army
,
marches
too
and
again
about
the
Camp
,
views
,
provokes
them
,
and
threatens
a
present
attempt
.
Nevertheless
the
Scots
keep
to
their
resolution
,
sometimes
,
Who
budg
not
for
all
that
;
indeed
,
skirmishing
with
,
and
harassing
the
Enemy
,
but
not
daring
to
put
it
to
the
tryal
of
a
Battel
:
Until
the
Souldiers
were
enured
by
Skirkmishes
and
slight
Engagements
,
to
look
the
Cromwellians
in
the
Face
,
use
their
Arms
,
And
to
wash
off
the
Aspersion
of
Cowardise
,
they
give
Cromwell
assurance
that
they
would
shortly
fight
him
,
and
lay
aside
all
fear
;
and
that
they
might
at
length
,
with
no
great
labour
,
defeat
Cromwell's
Forces
,
tired
out
and
weakned
,
by
the
badness
of
Air
,
Cold
,
Hunger
,
watching
and
frequent
Skirmishing
.
But
,
because
a
rumour
was
spread
abroad
,
that
the
Scots
kept
within
their
Dens
and
lurking
holes
with
a
whole
Skin
,
not
daring
,
(
like
Cowards
)
to
hazard
a
Battel
,
that
they
might
wipe
off
that
Aspersion
,
they
send
a
splendid
message
to
Cromwell
,
to
assure
him
,
that
within
a
few
days
he
should
have
experience
of
the
contrary
.
And
that
they
might
be
as
good
as
their
word
,
And
march
to
the
right
hand
,
and
come
to
a
halt
.
two
days
after
drawing
out
their
Forces
,
they
march
to
the
right
hand
,
as
towards
Sterling
,
and
after
a
short
march
halt
.
Cromwell
,
that
he
might
not
seem
to
decline
an
opportunity
of
Fighting
,
now
by
them
offered
,
He
presently
following
,
finds
a
Marish
betwixt
them
.
advances
against
,
and
follows
them
:
But
when
he
came
within
Musquet-shot
of
the
Enemy
,
he
puts
Spurs
to
his
Horse
and
advances
,
that
he
himself
might
view
,
what
it
was
that
hindered
the
Scots
from
coming
on
:
Finding
a
great
Marish
there
,
which
could
not
without
difficulty
be
passed
over
,
with
his
great
Guns
(
which
was
all
he
could
do
)
he
thunders
against
the
Army
,
to
which
the
Scots
,
on
the
other
side
,
return
the
like
answer
.
This
roaring
of
great
Guns
lasted
about
the
space
of
two
hours
,
with
no
great
loss
on
either
side
,
and
then
both
draw-off
,
put
an
end
to
that
kind
of
Mock-fight
.
Cromwell
returning
to
his
Camp
,
From
thence
he
marches
to
Musselbrough
to
hinder
its
being
surprised
,
and
presently
after
to
Haddington
,
on
Pentland
Hills
,
has
intelligence
that
the
Enemy
was
about
to
surprise
Musselbrough
,
and
intercept
the
Provisions
,
which
he
usually
received
in
Boats
from
Dunbar
.
Therefore
they
march
thither
in
the
dead
of
the
Night
,
and
having
refreshed
the
Army
,
they
put
on
board
Ships
fifteen
hundred
Men
,
who
being
sick
or
wounded
,
were
not
able
to
carry
Arms
,
and
the
rest
march
towards
Haddington
.
The
Scots
are
at
their
heels
Skirmishing
with
them
in
the
Reer
,
and
flouting
and
jeering
them
;
nor
were
they
sooner
encamped
,
but
that
they
were
set
upon
;
yet
only
to
disturb
and
allarm
them
,
Next
day
to
Dunbar
,
the
Scots
molesting
them
in
their
march
,
not
to
engage
them
with
the
whole
Army
.
Next
day
the
Cromwellians
march
to
Dunbar
,
midway
betwixt
Berwick
and
Edenburrough
,
upon
the
Sea
shoar
;
Lamner-moor
Hills
to
the
South
,
being
almost
impassable
.
The
Scots
sent
a
Body
of
Men
to
Cobberspath
,
who
,
though
they
were
but
few
in
number
,
might
hinder
a
far
greater
to
pass
over
the
Hills
;
Who
encamp
thereabouts
.
and
pitch
their
Camp
about
Dunbar
.
This
being
a
very
Rainy
night
,
the
Officers
rambled
up
and
down
,
and
the
private
Souldiers
,
I
know
not
by
whose
Order
,
had
put
out
their
Matches
,
(
which
as
it
usually
happens
when
things
go
amiss
,
)
was
imputed
to
Treachery
)
though
there
was
a
strong
Guard
kept
next
to
the
English
.
About
break
of
day
Lambert
first
falls
in
upon
the
Scots
,
and
presently
after
Cromwell
,
who
obtain
a
great
Victory
.
But
Cromwell
having
that
night
refreshed
and
cherished
his
Souldiers
in
good
Lodging
,
in
the
Town
of
Dunbar
,
divided
his
Forces
about
break
of
day
,
and
sends
Lambert
first
to
charge
the
main
Guard
of
the
Scots
;
he
himself
follows
after
,
and
after
a
sharp
dispute
,
wherein
most
part
being
wounded
,
many
were
killed
,
he
dispersed
them
all
,
and
follows
them
to
the
Camp
,
where
presently
there
was
nothing
but
noise
and
confusion
,
Men
running
to
and
again
,
they
knew
not
whither
,
the
groaning
and
sighing
of
dying
Men
,
shouts
and
joyful
acclamations
of
the
Conquerours
,
flying
and
slaughter
.
Three
thousand
are
killed
,
nine
thousand
taken
Prisoners
;
fifteen
thousand
Arms
,
all
the
Artillery
and
Ammunition
,
with
above
two
hundred
Colours
fall
into
the
hands
of
the
Victorious
.
The
Prisoners
,
(
after
the
wounded
sick
and
weak
,
and
those
that
were
of
no
value
were
set
at
liberty
)
are
sent
to
New-Castle
,
in
England
;
where
by
the
Governour
Haselrig
many
of
them
were
starved
,
having
nothing
to
eat
but
green
Cabbage
Leaves
,
and
Oats
in
a
small
proportion
:
The
more
Robust
that
out-lived
this
Diet
,
are
condemned
to
the
Sugar-Mills
,
and
by
the
English
Planters
are
transported
to
the
West-Indies
.
Whilst
these
things
were
acting
,
the
Pulpits
of
Edenburrough
resound
with
Prayers
,
and
promise
a
certain
and
speedy
Victory
,
and
that
the
Feet
of
those
who
brought
glad
tydings
were
at
hand
.
But
whil'st
they
are
hourly
in
expectation
of
joyful
,
they
receive
sad
and
sorrowful
news
;
Leslie
himself
the
Messenger
of
the
defeat
,
renders
vain
the
confidence
of
the
Pulpits
.
Leslie
himself
arrives
about
ten
of
the
Clock
the
same
day
,
and
assures
them
of
a
total
overthrow
.
So
dangerous
a
thing
it
is
to
pass
a
Judgment
of
God
Almighty
,
and
,
by
the
line
of
our
weak
Reason
,
to
fathom
the
depth
of
unsearchable
Providence
.
For
the
purposes
of
a
sincere
heart
,
are
many
times
disappointed
by
corrupt
affections
.
Cromwell
marching
back
victorious
,
during
the
general
Consternation
,
takes
,
Leeth
,
Edinburrough
and
Leeth
forthwith
yield
to
the
Conquerour
;
But
the
Castle
inexpugnable
by
Scituation
and
Art
,
holds
out
.
Edenburrough
,
and
the
neighbouring
Garrisons
on
this
side
of
the
Forth
.
Only
Edenburrough
Castle
durst
hold
out
.
It
is
built
on
a
high
abrupt
Rock
,
inexpugnable
by
Scituation
and
Art
,
to
which
there
is
no
way
to
mount
,
but
by
one
steep
side
of
a
Hill
,
and
that
but
for
two
,
or
three
together
.
Dundass
had
the
command
of
this
place
,
with
a
Garrison
of
forty
Souldiers
,
fifty
great
Guns
,
and
a
full
Magazine
.
He
presently
causes
works
to
be
cast
up
,
Therefore
he
commands
works
to
be
cast
up
against
it
,
to
secure
the
City
from
the
Castle
,
inviting
from
thence
the
Edenburrough
Ministers
,
who
had
fled
thither
for
security
and
protection
.
He
commands
all
the
Ships
,
Vessels
,
and
Boats
,
From
thence
he
pursues
the
remn●nt
of
the
Army
to
Sterling
,
but
in
vain
;
and
leaving
that
place
,
visits
the
Ministers
at
Glasgow
,
endeavouring
to
allure
th●m
to
h●s
side
:
and
by
Letters
tries
what
he
could
work
upon
Ker
and
Straughan
.
that
were
in
the
Forth
,
either
to
be
broken
,
or
to
be
brought
into
Leeth
,
that
all
hopes
might
be
cut
off
,
of
transporting
Men
or
Ammunition
unto
the
Enemy
,
on
the
other
side
.
From
thence
he
marches
to
Sterling
,
whither
all
the
Scottish
Cavalry
,
and
the
remnant
of
the
Foot
had
escaped
.
But
finding
it
stronger
,
than
at
that
time
of
the
year
it
could
be
taken
,
without
success
he
turns
aside
to
Glascow
,
there
to
wheadle
and
try
the
Pulse
of
the
Ministers
,
who
managed
all
things
at
their
pleasure
,
some
he
sollicits
,
others
he
cajoals
and
flatters
with
extraordinary
fair
Promises
,
and
a
little
mollifies
them
,
charming
and
taming
the
Syrens
with
a
Cant.
He
sends
likewise
to
the
Committee
of
Estates
,
and
to
try
the
inclinations
of
two
eminent
Commanders
of
the
Army
,
Straughan
,
and
Ker
,
employing
in
all
places
sly
and
cunning
Foxes
,
who
partly
with
flattering
speeches
,
and
partly
by
threats
and
snubs
,
might
bend
the
minds
of
their
Country-men
unto
his
Party
,
or
crush
their
Resolutions
.
For
two
or
three
days
the
good
man
did
negotiate
with
the
Ministers
;
during
which
time
the
Souldiers
interred
a
Member
of
the
Marquis
of
Montross
,
that
was
put
up
upon
the
Gate
,
After
three
days
,
having
taken
Jedbrough
,
he
returns
to
Edenburrough
.
being
in
that
more
generous
and
just
,
than
they
who
had
denied
it
Burial
.
However
,
that
he
might
not
lose
all
his
labour
,
he
takes
Jedbrough
,
and
returns
to
Edenburrough
;
and
a
little
after
,
a
Fleet
arrives
at
Leeth
with
fresh
Souldiers
,
Money
,
Hay
,
and
all
sorts
of
Provisions
.
But
because
the
Rode
betwixt
Edenburrough
and
England
,
was
infested
by
a
dangerous
sort
of
Robbers
,
called
Moss-Troopers
.
In
pursuit
of
those
,
Monck
marches
against
Robbers
;
Monck
marches
out
with
a
Morter-piece
,
and
some
Field-pieces
,
and
a
choice
Body
of
Horse
and
Foot
,
who
having
intelligence
that
they
had
taken
their
nights
Quarters
in
Dilcon
House
,
not
far
from
Haddington
,
he
beset
the
House
in
the
night
time
,
and
having
plyed
them
with
the
Morter-piece
and
Field-pieces
,
next
morning
he
took
them
all
.
Roslan
Castle
fell
next
into
his
hands
;
Takes
Roslan
,
and
the
strong
Castle
of
Tantallon
:
and
then
Tantallon
,
which
being
seated
on
a
craggy
Rock
,
is
on
three
sides
encompassed
with
the
Sea
,
and
strongly
fortified
to
the
Land
,
standing
half
way
betwixt
Edenburrough
and
Dunbar
.
This
Castle
was
so
long
battered
by
Monck
,
until
breaches
being
made
in
the
Walls
,
As
Fenwick
did
Hume
Castle
,
almost
as
strong
.
the
Garrison
surrendered
:
though
when
James
the
fourth
of
Scotland
besieged
it
,
for
many
months
it
had
resisted
the
fury
of
great
Guns
.
About
the
same
time
Fenwick
takes
Hume
Castle
standing
upon
a
very
high
and
unaccessable
Rock
,
the
Garrison
having
free
Liberty
to
depart
.
But
we
must
return
to
Edenburrough
Castle
,
for
reducing
of
which
Cromwell
left
no
means
unessayed
.
Cromwell
earnestly
sets
about
the
reduction
of
Edinburrough
Castle
.
At
first
he
resolved
to
attack
it
by
Mines
,
and
having
employed
both
English
and
Scottish
Colliers
,
who
were
accustomed
to
dig
in
the
Coalpits
,
he
falls
to
mining
;
and
by
the
force
of
fire
endeavours
to
soften
the
stone
:
But
all
in
vain
because
of
the
hardness
of
the
Rock
,
And
having
therefore
,
in
vain
essayed
Mines
,
he
batters
it
with
h●s
Cannon
.
which
was
proof
against
all
his
Arts.
When
therefore
he
could
not
blow
it
up
into
the
Air
,
he
endeavours
to
batter
it
down
to
the
ground
,
and
sets
men
at
work
night
and
day
to
raise
a
battery
,
so
near
the
walls
of
the
Castle
,
that
by
uncessant
battering
he
might
at
length
make
a
breach
,
which
being
with
much
labour
and
pains
finished
,
and
fortified
with
Gabions
and
baskets
full
of
Earth
,
he
plants
thereon
,
four
mortar
pieces
,
and
six
great
Guns
,
and
without
intermission
batters
the
place
with
great
noise
and
damage
.
Dundas
being
terrified
desires
a
conference
with
the
Provost
of
Aberdeen
,
Till
the
Governour
,
having
in
vain
desired
a
conference
and
liberty
to
write
to
the
Council
of
Scotland
,
and
another
(
whose
name
I
know
not
)
both
being
at
that
time
in
Edenburrough
.
These
men
refusing
a
conference
with
him
,
in
the
next
place
,
he
desires
leave
to
send
a
Messenger
to
know
the
minds
of
the
Council
of
Scotland
,
as
to
the
relieving
of
the
place
.
But
since
neither
that
was
granted
,
Cromwell
denying
him
the
liberty
to
send
a
Messenger
,
both
parties
resolve
to
continue
the
Siege
.
At
length
,
the
Governour
's
Wife
being
bruised
by
a
Granado-shell
,
And
his
Wife
at
length
being
bruised
by
a
Granado-shell
,
and
an
hundred
and
fifty
Soldiers
who
had
been
privately
put
in
for
a
supply
,
occasioning
Tumults
and
Sedition
,
the
Governour
took
a
pretext
of
surrendring
the
Castle
which
he
resolved
to
do
before
,
if
he
could
have
an
honest
colour
for
it
;
and
having
sent
a
Deputy
to
Cromwell
,
both
parties
agreed
upon
these
Articles
.
Consented
to
these
Articles
,
That
the
Castle
should
be
surrendered
to
his
Excellency
Oliver
Cromwell
,
with
all
the
Ordinance
,
Arms
,
Magazine
,
and
Furniture
of
War
thereunto
belonging
,
on
Tuesday
the
24
of
December
.
2.
That
the
Governour
,
Officers
and
Soldiers
should
march
with
Drums
beating
&c.
in
Military
posture
,
to
such
place
as
they
shall
appoint
.
3.
The
publick
moveables
,
private
writs
and
evidences
to
be
removed
to
Sterling
.
4.
That
Proclamation
should
be
made
for
all
that
had
Goods
in
the
Castle
,
to
come
or
send
to
own
and
receive
them
.
5.
All
sick
Officers
and
Soldiers
as
well
as
hurt
,
to
have
liberty
to
stay
in
Edenburrough
,
and
the
English
to
provide
Horses
and
Waggons
for
the
Governour
,
and
other
Officers
;
and
Hostages
to
be
given
on
the
Scots
part
for
performance
.
And
delivers
up
the
Castle
,
In
the
Castle
were
taken
three
and
fifty
piece
of
Cannon
,
some
of
them
considerable
both
for
size
and
beauty
;
eight
thousand
Arms
,
fourscore
barrels
of
Gunpowder
,
and
all
the
Kings
Hangings
,
Tapestry
and
Jewels
.
So
fell
,
(
as
I
may
say
)
that
winged
Castle
,
its
Wings
being
broken
;
and
that
strong
place
,
that
gloried
in
it's
Virginity
,
as
having
never
as
yet
submitted
to
a
Conquerour
,
is
now
deflowred
by
Cromwell
.
The
Scots
cry
,
it
was
taken
by
silver
Bullets
:
But
of
hidden
and
obscure
matters
,
I
shall
not
willingly
pass
a
Judgment
.
In
the
mean
time
,
The
Scots
consult
what
is
best
to
be
done
,
the
Scottish
Nobility
on
the
other
side
of
Forth
in
a
Parliament
held
at
St.
Johnston
,
consult
what
is
to
be
done
in
this
desperate
State
of
Affairs
,
for
preserving
the
rest
of
their
Countrey
,
and
regaining
what
was
lost
:
Where
the
King's
Majesty
was
little
regarded
,
The
King
slighted
,
resolves
to
fly
to
the
Highlanders
,
who
were
in
Arms
apart
;
who
being
daily
more
and
more
offended
against
the
Presbyterians
,
resolves
to
fly
to
the
Highlanders
,
throw
himself
into
their
Arms
,
take
the
Patronage
of
them
,
and
to
try
a
common
Fortune
with
those
of
his
Subjects
,
who
,
being
rejected
by
the
Covenanters
,
were
in
Arms
separately
by
themselves
;
and
if
it
had
not
been
for
the
reverence
and
awe
they
stood
in
of
the
King
,
And
by
whom
he
was
invited
:
would
have
flown
in
the
faces
of
those
Countrey-men
of
theirs
,
at
least
would
have
been
very
troublesome
unto
them
.
And
now
being
informed
how
basely
the
King
was
used
by
the
Covenanters
,
they
invite
him
to
them
,
promising
to
protect
and
defend
him
;
these
were
the
Marquess
of
Huntley
,
Earls
of
Athol
and
Seaforth
,
the
Lords
Ogilby
,
and
Gordon
,
Middleton
and
several
other
great
men
.
The
King
had
already
listned
to
these
,
and
secretly
casts
about
with
himself
how
he
might
make
his
escape
out
of
the
hands
of
those
Covenanters
.
Therefore
mounting
on
Horse-back
without
Boots
,
as
if
he
had
been
going
a
Hawking
,
with
three
or
four
more
in
Company
,
he
slips
out
of
Town
,
And
privately
flies
to
the
house
of
the
Lord
Diddop
.
and
directs
his
Journey
to
the
house
of
the
Lord
Vicount
Diddop
,
with
a
purpose
to
abscond
,
until
the
return
of
the
Messengers
,
who
had
been
sent
to
learn
the
minds
of
the
Highlanders
,
whether
or
not
they
were
able
,
and
were
indeed
willing
to
assist
him
.
In
the
mean
time
an
Englishman
having
discovered
where
the
King
was
,
great
debates
arise
amongst
the
Nobles
,
whether
the
Scots
should
leave
him
to
shift
for
himself
,
and
onely
look
to
themselves
;
or
having
made
submission
unto
him
,
and
promised
greater
obedience
for
the
future
,
they
should
use
his
means
and
Authority
for
reconciling
all
parties
and
perswasions
.
This
was
liked
of
by
most
;
and
for
that
end
Montgomery
is
quickly
dispatched
,
with
a
trusty
party
of
Horse
,
Montgomery
follows
him
,
that
he
might
represent
to
his
Majesty
how
dangerous
that
forsaking
of
the
Covenanters
,
would
be
to
himself
and
his
Affairs
;
intreat
him
to
return
;
and
promise
better
usage
for
the
future
.
In
pursuance
of
his
orders
,
he
came
and
beset
the
Lord
Diddop's
house
in
the
night
time
,
and
entring
in
the
morning
,
And
prevails
with
his
Majesty
to
return
.
fell
at
his
Majesties
feet
,
and
pressed
him
so
urgently
,
that
by
his
and
others
perswasion
,
he
was
prevailed
upon
to
return
back
with
him
to
St.
Johnston
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
dies
.
About
that
time
,
as
an
accession
to
other
Calamities
,
the
Death
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
happened
.
He
had
fallen
sick
of
the
small
Pox
,
which
at
first
seemed
to
threaten
no
danger
;
having
been
let
Blood
,
put
on
clean
Linnen
,
and
eaten
Flesh
unseasonably
,
he
suddenly
dies
;
and
,
indeed
,
too
soon
for
the
King
,
and
his
own
Family
.
But
he
left
a
posthumous
Son
,
the
present
Prince
,
to
inherit
his
just
Rights
and
Dignities
in
the
Vnited
Provinces
.
The
Scots
at
length
admit
all
to
the
War
.
Now
began
the
minds
of
the
Scots
to
bend
by
degrees
.
Heretofore
none
to
be
admitted
into
the
War
,
but
he
who
first
gave
a
confession
of
his
Faith
,
and
whose
Religion
was
no
ways
suspected
.
Flatterers
,
who
could
countefeit
Godly
looks
and
grimaces
,
were
freely
admitted
;
but
men
of
Courage
,
who
had
signalized
themselves
in
the
Wars
,
were
put
back
:
No
Water
could
serve
them
to
quench
the
fire
,
but
what
came
from
the
clear
Fountain
Head
;
no
Sword
,
but
the
Holy
Sword
of
the
Spirit
was
to
be
drawn
against
the
Enemy
.
But
not
till
they
took
the
Covenant
.
Now
all
are
sharers
in
the
War
,
yet
not
before
they
had
confessed
their
Sins
,
and
by
a
kind
of
Repentance
scowred
their
Consciences
.
The
Marquess
of
Hamilton
is
oblig'd
of
new
to
take
the
Covenant
;
as
also
the
Earls
of
Lauderdale
,
Those
that
resisted
,
were
by
the
King's
means
united
to
the
rest
,
Crawford
,
Buchan
,
the
Lords
,
Diddop
,
Levingstone
,
and
many
other
Persons
of
great
Quality
.
Nay
and
the
English
also
,
as
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
Lord
Wilmot
,
Earl
of
Cleveland
,
Massey
and
others
,
whose
names
I
do
not
remember
,
are
associated
.
But
Middleton
and
Huntley
,
not
satisfied
with
the
Act
of
Indemnity
,
having
joyned
the
forces
of
the
Earl
of
Athol
,
march
against
them
,
and
defeat
Browns
Regiment
;
and
had
also
engaged
Lesly
,
had
not
the
coming
of
the
King
put
an
end
to
the
Controversie
,
all
being
relaxed
from
Excommunication
,
taking
the
Covenant
,
and
associated
into
the
War
.
Whilst
these
things
are
in
agitation
on
the
other
side
of
Forth
,
the
effects
of
Cromwell's
Letters
and
practises
began
to
appear
,
The
Ministers
disagree
among
themselves
.
in
that
Seeds
of
Sedition
being
sown
amongst
the
Scots
,
the
foundations
of
the
Kirk
were
miserably
shaken
;
the
Remonstrators
from
the
Pulpit
railing
at
the
King
and
his
Ministers
;
and
publishing
Libels
,
(
nay
at
length
appealing
to
Cromwell
)
against
General
Assemblies
,
which
they
sawcily
enveigh
against
,
because
they
prohibited
their
clamorous
buffoonery
:
And
in
all
places
cry
,
that
it
was
lawful
for
none
that
were
truly
Godly
to
take
up
Arms
,
for
the
cause
above
mentioned
,
at
the
Command
of
the
Parliament
,
King
,
or
Kirk
.
The
Remonstrance
subscribed
by
many
;
All
the
South
part
of
Scotland
,
with
greatest
part
of
the
Ministers
,
and
the
Horse
that
were
Commanded
by
Ker
,
and
Straughan
,
are
drawn
in
to
subscribe
the
Remonstrance
;
wherein
they
spew
out
the
poison
of
their
rancour
against
all
those
,
Who
had
called
in
the
King
too
hastily
,
before
he
had
given
certain
marks
of
sincere
Repentance
and
Conversion
to
God
;
and
before
they
had
sounded
the
minds
of
the
Parricides
,
who
had
not
had
satisfaction
;
objecting
to
them
much
more
of
the
same
stuff
:
At
last
they
propose
ways
for
remedying
those
Evils
.
The
Parliament
and
Assemblie
of
the
Kirk
at
first
essay
to
mitigate
and
appease
those
violent
Spirits
with
Lenities
,
inviting
them
to
send
Commissioners
to
St.
Johnston
,
that
if
they
had
any
remaining
Scrupules
,
Who
behaving
themselves
seditiously
,
they
might
be
removed
without
noise
.
But
they
returning
an
answer
more
insolently
,
propose
Sterling
as
a
place
of
greater
security
to
both
meetings
.
Ker
is
ordered
to
apprehend
Straughan
,
who
presently
after
died
.
That
the
Parliament
might
repress
that
Sedition
,
they
order
Ker
to
apprehend
Straughan
,
and
bring
him
to
Justice
:
But
he
discovering
the
Train
,
instantly
fled
into
Cromwell's
Camp
,
where
soon
after
dying
,
he
concluded
the
Catastrophe
of
his
Fortune
.
And
so
Ker
alone
has
the
command
of
the
Horse
.
Cromwell
pursue
,
Ker
:
Cromwell
now
despairing
of
the
intestine
dissentions
amongst
the
Scots
,
pursues
Ker
;
and
having
ordered
Lambert
and
Whaley
with
five
Regiments
of
Foot
,
and
an
hundred
Dragoons
,
to
keep
along
the
South
side
of
the
River
Clide
,
he
himself
advances
on
the
North
side
.
Lambert
marching
through
Peebles
,
quartered
at
Hamilton
;
which
Ker
being
informed
of
by
his
Scouts
,
and
knowing
that
Cromwell
was
absent
,
with
fifteen
hundred
Horse
,
Who
unexpectedly
falls
upon
Lambert
,
he
suddenly
falls
upon
Lambert
in
the
night
time
,
and
that
very
successfully
at
first
,
till
by
chance
a
Tree
being
laid
cross
the
street
in
the
middle
of
the
Town
,
which
a
Captain
with
a
Company
defended
,
put
a
stop
to
their
Progress
,
whilst
Lambert
drew
up
his
Men
,
and
,
surrounding
the
Enemy
,
charged
them
on
the
Rear
.
And
having
made
a
considerable
slaughter
of
them
,
and
Ker
himself
,
who
was
shot
through
the
hand
,
being
taken
,
But
unfortunately
.
he
pursued
the
rest
to
Air
,
which
Town
being
presently
taken
,
was
secured
with
a
Garrison
.
And
so
those
of
the
old
Army
that
hitherto
remained
,
are
quite
broken
and
dispersed
,
whether
more
to
the
grief
or
satisfaction
of
the
King
,
I
cannot
tell
.
About
the
same
time
a
great
Conspiracy
of
Presbyterians
,
A
Conspiracy
discovered
at
London
.
both
Ministers
and
Lay-men
is
discovered
at
London
;
which
took
vent
first
in
Scotland
,
and
was
by
Cromwell
,
upon
some
suspitions
he
had
not
without
ground
conceived
,
recommended
to
the
Regicides
of
England
to
be
sifted
.
A
Ship
bound
for
the
Isle
of
Man
,
to
acquaint
the
Earl
of
Derby
with
the
whole
Scheme
of
the
matter
was
,
by
stress
of
weather
,
accidentally
forced
into
Air
:
The
Souldiers
searching
the
Ship
,
detect
the
secret
,
afterwards
the
Conspiratours
are
brought
to
Examination
at
London
;
and
by
the
mutual
accusations
one
of
another
,
the
whole
Intrigue
was
laid
open
.
That
at
the
instigation
of
Massey
,
and
some
Scots
,
they
had
designed
to
raise
Money
and
Arms
,
For
raising
an
Army
in
Scotland
,
to
invade
England
.
and
therewith
levy
an
Army
in
Scotland
,
which
being
joyned
to
Ker
,
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
Lord
Wilmot
,
and
Massie
,
should
invade
England
;
Of
this
are
accused
,
Jenkins
,
Case
,
Drake
,
Love
,
and
many
other
Ministers
,
besides
Lay-Men
,
Gibbons
,
Cook
,
Potter
,
&c.
Adams
,
Alured
,
Bains
,
and
others
are
brought
in
,
who
had
taken
the
League
and
Covenant
of
the
three
Nations
,
as
they
used
to
call
it
,
and
had
served
under
Essex
,
and
who
professed
that
they
had
stood
on
the
Covenanters
side
,
that
they
might
pump
out
all
things
,
but
were
secretly
of
another
mind
,
All
that
were
found
guilty
of
this
,
are
condemned
,
and
two
suffer
.
that
they
might
so
be
able
to
give
a
clearer
Evidence
before
the
High
Court
of
Justice
;
all
of
them
being
convicted
are
condemned
to
Death
;
which
two
,
undauntedly
suffered
;
[
](A26767-e75140-b)*
*
Love
,
he
and
Gibbons
were
the
two
that
suffered
.
one
of
whom
,
(
that
I
may
take
notice
of
it
by
the
by
)
by
an
unseasonable
Sermon
,
formerly
disturbed
the
treaty
of
Vxbridge
,
rashly
inveighing
against
all
Reconciliation
,
as
if
it
were
not
lawful
for
those
that
professed
the
Christian
Religion
,
to
have
any
Peace
,
or
Commerce
with
the
Followers
of
Antichrist
,
giving
that
Name
to
the
Royalists
.
The
rest
being
sufficiently
warned
,
by
the
punishment
of
those
two
,
and
professing
Sorrow
and
Repentance
are
one
after
another
gradually
dismissed
,
and
set
at
liberty
.
Another
Conspiracy
in
Norfolk
,
Suffolk
,
and
Cambridge-shire
,
Scarcely
was
that
Conspiracy
stifled
,
but
a
new
Sedition
arose
amongst
the
Norfolk
,
Suffolk
,
and
Cambridge-shire
men
,
which
was
nevertheless
smothered
in
the
birth
,
all
the
undertakers
being
dispersed
;
of
whom
,
in
Norfolk
alone
,
fifty
Men
,
by
Sentence
of
the
High
Court
of
Justice
,
But
in
vain
;
were
hanged
for
that
attempt
.
And
that
we
may
insist
no
longer
upon
these
Tragedies
,
The
Welshmen
with
like
success
.
a
great
many
Welsh
in
Cardigan-shire
gathered
together
,
which
in
a
short
time
might
have
looked
like
an
Army
,
had
not
the
Forces
,
who
were
ready
in
all
places
round
about
,
drawn
together
,
and
quenched
that
Fire
with
Blood
.
But
this
is
only
a
digression
,
which
may
somewhat
serve
to
excuse
the
Scottish
Invasion
,
that
happened
this
year
.
But
let
us
return
again
to
Scotland
,
The
King
is
Crowned
at
Scoon
,
where
now
the
solemn
Coronation
of
the
Kings
Majesty
is
appointed
to
be
at
Scoon
,
seaven
and
fourty
Kings
having
heretofore
put
on
the
Crown
of
Scotland
in
that
place
;
where
it
was
performed
with
as
much
Pomp
,
considering
the
times
,
and
the
diminution
of
their
strength
,
as
it
had
been
celebrated
in
more
flourishing
ages
.
The
Marquess
of
Argile
put
the
Crown
upon
his
Head
,
with
joyful
acclamations
of
the
People
,
firing
of
Guns
,
splendid
Feasting
,
and
Bonefires
in
all
places
.
And
now
Scotland
is
wholly
taken
up
,
in
preparations
for
War
,
levying
of
Souldiers
,
And
sets
himself
wholly
to
the
defe●ce
of
the
Kingdom
.
raising
Money
,
and
disciplining
the
Forces
.
The
King
himself
views
the
Garrisons
that
border
on
Fiffe
and
Forth
,
and
prepares
for
defence
.
From
thence
he
visits
the
Highlanders
,
that
he
might
compose
the
Feuds
and
Quarrels
that
were
amongst
them
;
but
as
if
they
had
been
possessed
with
Furies
,
Dissentions
are
extinguished
.
and
as
if
fresh
flames
had
burst
daily
out
of
the
dead
Embers
,
they
bitterly
quarrel
and
contend
about
Command
and
Governments
;
until
by
order
of
Parliament
the
very
Names
of
the
Factious
are
abrogated
,
and
all
are
freely
admitted
into
the
Army
,
though
Argile
opposed
it
.
Commissioners
are
likewise
appointed
,
to
remove
all
impediments
,
who
have
Power
given
them
,
both
of
examining
and
punishing
Friends
and
Favourers
of
the
Rebel
-
Parricides
;
The
Favourers
of
the
Rebel-Parricides
are
punished
.
and
whilst
many
received
the
condign
punishments
of
these
Crimes
,
Wariston
and
Cheeseley
timely
made
their
escape
to
Cromwells
Camp
.
The
King
sets
up
his
Standard
at
Aberdeen
;
The
King
sets
up
his
standard
,
to
which
from
all
places
about
,
Volunteers
,
and
Honorary
Souldiers
flock
in
great
numbers
.
From
thence
the
King
marches
to
Sterling
,
and
having
mustered
the
Army
,
makes
Duke
Hamilton
his
Lieutenant
General
,
David
Leslie
Major
General
,
Middleton
,
Major
General
of
the
Horse
,
and
Massey
,
General
of
the
English
Troops
.
And
having
mustered
his
Army
,
encamps
at
Torwood
.
Having
assigned
to
all
their
several
Offices
,
he
Encamps
and
Entrenches
at
Torwood
,
four
miles
from
Sterling
,
that
he
may
train
up
,
and
put
Life
in
his
raw
and
unexperienced
Souldiers
,
by
Skirmishings
,
and
fighting
in
Parties
,
before
he
put
them
to
the
Tryal
of
a
pitcht
Battel
;
and
that
he
might
in
the
mean
time
raise
more
Forces
;
in
the
doing
whereof
,
whilst
the
Earl
of
Eglinton
,
and
some
other
persons
of
Quality
,
are
busie
at
Dumbarton
,
they
are
of
a
sudden
surprized
by
Lilburn
.
The
Scots
celebrate
the
Kings-Birth-day
.
Amidst
the
great
Cares
and
Dangers
that
all
lay
under
,
the
Kings
Birth-day
was
celebrated
with
all
due
Solemnity
;
to
the
Honour
whereof
,
the
Town
of
Dundee
made
splendid
presents
;
to
wit
,
A
most
excellent
Pavilion
,
six
Field-pieces
,
with
Carriages
and
Ammunition
,
and
which
procured
them
greatest
thanks
,
a
compleat
well
armed
Regiment
of
Horse
,
a
mark
of
true
Affection
.
Cromwell
visits
Torwood
Not
daring
to
attempt
it
.
Cromwell
in
the
mean
time
loyters
not
;
but
his
Souldiers
being
furnished
with
new
Cloaths
,
Money
,
and
all
other
necessaries
sent
from
London
,
through
New-bridge
and
Hamilton
he
marches
to
Torwood
,
where
furiously
moving
too
and
again
,
he
views
in
all
places
,
if
an
attempt
might
any
where
be
made
upon
the
Camp
.
But
when
he
found
it
so
well
fortified
on
all
sides
,
that
without
danger
there
was
nothing
to
be
attempted
upon
it
,
having
taken
Calendar
House
,
he
dares
the
Scots
to
come
out
,
Overton
,
in
the
mean
while
,
Overton
passes
Forth
;
being
provided
of
Ships
,
flat
bottomed
Boats
,
and
other
Vessels
for
transporting
of
Horse
and
Foot
,
with
sixteen
hundred
Foot
,
and
four
Troops
of
Horse
,
puts
out
into
the
Forth
,
with
orders
to
Land
at
the
Queens
Ferry
,
which
he
easily
performed
,
beating
off
the
Scots
that
resisted
him
;
and
presently
casting
up
a
hasty
work
he
entrenched
himself
,
And
presently
after
,
Lambert
,
and
sends
to
Lambert
to
come
to
his
assistance
;
who
at
the
same
place
,
passing
over
two
Regiments
of
Foot
,
and
as
many
of
Horse
,
he
was
met
by
Colonel
Sr.
John
Brown
and
Major
General
Hobourn
,
with
four
thousand
men
,
Horse
and
Foot
.
It
was
stoutly
fought
on
both
sides
;
Who
obtained
a
Victory
over
the
Scots
.
but
with
unhappy
success
to
the
Scots
,
of
whom
two
thousand
were
killed
,
and
twelve
hundred
taken
,
with
two
and
fourty
Colours
,
and
amongst
those
Brown
,
who
lived
not
long
after
the
Battle
.
Thus
the
English
got
so
sure
sootting
on
the
other
side
of
Forth
,
that
all
the
Forces
of
Scotland
were
not
able
to
drive
them
thence
.
Whilst
these
things
are
done
at
Forth
,
Cromwell
hovers
about
the
King's
Camp
,
as
if
he
were
every
minute
about
to
attack
them
;
but
onely
to
the
end
that
he
might
keep
them
in
play
,
until
Lambert
had
routed
the
Scots
,
as
we
have
just
now
related
.
The
King
now
leaving
Torwood
,
encamps
in
Sterling
Park
.
But
the
Scots
seized
with
a
panick
fear
,
upon
the
first
summons
surrender
the
Castle
of
Inchgarvey
,
Garrisons
being
summoned
,
presently
surrender
.
an
impregnable
place
standing
in
the
middle
of
the
Forth
,
leaving
behind
them
sixteen
piece
of
Cannon
,
and
Blackness
,
Brantiland
also
,
on
the
other
side
of
the
Frith
over
against
Leeth
,
surrenders
no
less
disgracefully
,
delivering
up
the
Guns
,
Ammunition
and
Ships
.
Cromwell
being
informed
of
these
successes
,
would
not
lose
time
by
waiting
the
motions
of
the
King's
Army
:
Wherefore
he
passed
over
to
Brantiland
,
whence
sending
Whaley
to
take
in
the
smaller
Garrisons
which
lay
upon
the
Coast
of
Fiffe
,
he
himself
marches
towards
St.
Johnston
,
Cromwell
takes
the
town
of
St.
Johnston
,
which
the
King
had
entrusted
to
the
defence
of
the
Lord
Duffus
with
twelve
hundred
men
,
though
to
no
purpose
:
For
Cromwell
having
drained
the
water
out
of
the
Mote
and
Ditches
,
and
battering
the
Walls
with
his
Cannon
,
forces
a
surrender
of
the
place
.
The
King
,
in
the
mean
time
marches
streight
to
England
,
Cromwell
being
now
at
a
great
distance
from
Sterling
,
and
wholely
taken
up
about
these
matters
,
the
King
having
given
the
best
Orders
he
could
about
the
Affairs
of
Scotland
,
sets
out
upon
his
march
into
England
,
that
in
that
Kingdom
of
his
,
he
might
try
his
fate
,
which
had
been
very
cross
to
him
in
the
other
.
By
Carlisle
,
Therefore
on
the
last
of
July
one
thousand
six
hundred
fifty
one
,
at
Carlisle
he
enters
England
with
about
fourteen
thousand
men
,
Horse
and
Foot
.
But
the
Soldiers
march
with
so
much
hardship
,
and
so
severe
discipline
,
that
hardly
any
Age
hath
seen
the
like
;
Troublesome
to
no
man
.
so
that
from
Carlisle
to
Worcester
,
about
two
hundred
Miles
distant
from
one
another
,
no
man
,
much
less
any
house
received
the
least
injury
;
if
you
'l
except
the
breaking
of
one
Orchard
,
and
the
taking
of
four
or
five
Apples
;
for
which
,
notwithstanding
,
the
Soldier
that
committed
it
was
presently
shot
to
Death
.
In
the
chief
Towns
he
is
pr●claimed
King
of
England
,
&c.
In
all
places
on
their
march
,
the
Garrisons
are
summoned
in
the
Kings
name
to
surrender
,
but
without
any
success
:
And
in
the
more
eminent
places
,
by
Heralds
CHARLES
the
Second
is
proclaimed
King
of
England
,
Scotland
,
France
and
Ireland
;
the
people
in
the
mean
while
being
in
great
Consternation
.
So
soon
as
the
news
of
this
expedition
was
by
Post
brought
to
the
Rump-Parliament
,
The
Parricides
quaking
at
the
news
of
it
,
and
the
report
flying
that
the
King
having
mounted
his
Soldiers
on
Horses
which
he
found
upon
the
Rode
,
hastened
his
March
towards
London
,
as
it
is
common
to
fear
,
to
make
dangers
far
greater
than
they
are
,
such
Horror
and
Consternation
invaded
the
minds
of
the
Parricides
and
Rebels
,
that
in
despair
they
began
to
cast
about
for
lurking
holes
and
places
of
escape
,
and
accused
Cromwell
of
rashness
and
precipitancy
:
Until
they
had
notice
that
the
King
had
diverted
to
Worcester
,
and
received
fresh
comforts
from
Cromwell's
Letters
,
who
bad
them
be
of
good
cheer
,
and
use
their
utmost
force
,
to
obviat
that
last
danger
,
and
wholely
destroy
the
Enemy
.
Harrison
on
the
left
hand
with
three
thousand
Horse
,
waited
the
motion
of
the
King's
Army
,
Harrison
and
Lambert
wait
the
motions
of
the
King
,
and
in
vain
oppose
him
at
Warrington
Bridge
.
being
for
that
end
left
behind
on
the
Borders
of
England
;
after
followed
Lambert
,
with
two
thousand
;
both
as
occasion
offered
,
harassing
and
hindering
them
in
their
March
.
At
Warrington
Bridge
,
they
made
the
chiefest
attempt
,
to
hinder
the
King's
Forces
to
pass
it
.
But
before
the
Bridge
could
be
cut
,
Lambert's
men
being
engaged
and
forced
to
retreat
,
the
Scots
get
over
.
And
now
leaving
London
Rode
,
they
resolve
to
rest
at
Worcester
,
a
City
scituated
upon
the
Savern
;
from
whence
they
hoped
to
receive
succours
from
Wales
,
and
make
great
levies
in
Glocester
and
Oxford
shires
by
the
means
of
Muffey
,
who
heretofore
had
with
reputation
been
Governour
of
Glocester
for
the
Parliament
.
Thither
therefore
they
march
,
and
having
met
with
one
repulse
from
some
of
the
Paliament
Souldiers
that
were
there
by
chance
,
The
King
easily
possesses
himself
of
Worcester
.
they
possess
the
City
,
but
were
much
weakened
and
impaired
in
strength
by
the
tediousness
and
length
of
the
march
.
He
kindly
invites
the
Londoners
to
his
assistance
,
From
hence
,
the
Kings
Majesty
,
by
Letters
,
invites
the
Lord
Mayor
and
Common-Council
of
London
,
to
Arm
for
his
Defence
,
and
for
their
own
just
Liberties
;
promising
Pardon
to
all
for
what
was
past
,
except
the
Murderers
of
his
Father
.
But
these
Letters
are
burnt
at
the
Royal
Exchange
by
the
Hand
of
the
Common
Hangman
;
Who
unworthily
receive
his
Letters
.
a
Copie
of
them
is
also
burnt
by
the
Hand
of
the
Speaker
Lental
at
a
general
Muster
of
the
Trained-bands
of
London
,
in
Moor-fields
.
He
demands
aid
of
all
his
Subjects
.
The
King
presently
after
his
arrival
,
in
Pitchford-field
near
Worcester
,
by
Proclamation
,
Commands
all
from
sixteen
to
sixty
years
of
Age
,
according
to
the
Ancient
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
,
Many
Gentlemen
come
;
to
come
to
his
Assistance
.
In
obedience
to
that
Proclamation
,
shortly
after
,
Francis
Lord
Talbot
,
eldest
Son
of
the
Earl
of
Shreusbury
,
with
sixty
Horse
,
Thomas
Hornihold
with
fourty
,
John
Mashburn
with
fourty
,
John
Parkinton
,
Walter
Blunt
,
Ralph
Clair
,
and
many
more
both
Knights
and
Esquires
,
But
only
two
thousand
of
the
Common
People
.
besides
two
thousand
common
People
,
come
in
this
desperate
State
of
Affairs
to
hazard
their
Lives
in
the
Kings
Service
.
The
conjunction
of
these
makes
in
all
fourteen
thousand
;
two
thousand
Scots
,
either
for
fear
,
or
because
of
the
tediousness
of
the
March
having
dropt
off
by
the
way
.
Why
so
few
came
in
.
Why
more
did
not
come
into
the
Kings
Camp
,
any
Man
may
guess
at
the
reason
of
it
;
to
wit
,
That
the
late
suppression
of
the
Insurrection
of
the
Welsh
,
Londoners
,
and
Norfolk
,
and
Suffolk
Men
,
and
the
cruelty
of
the
Rump-Parliament
in
punishing
the
fruitless
attempts
of
rising
,
run
in
all
Peoples
Minds
.
Besides
the
sudden
and
unexpected
coming
of
the
King
,
gave
no
truce
to
the
well
affected
,
of
animating
one
another
,
and
of
associating
for
his
Service
.
Nor
,
lastly
,
could
the
injuries
done
by
the
Scots
not
long
before
in
England
,
be
got
out
of
the
Minds
of
the
English
;
it
seeming
much
the
same
to
them
,
whether
they
suffered
Bondage
under
the
Tyranny
of
their
Countrey-men
,
or
the
Insolence
of
the
Scots
.
And
above
all
,
we
are
to
consider
the
great
diligence
of
the
Republicans
of
both
sorts
,
in
stirring
up
the
Countries
,
encreasing
their
Forces
,
and
in
observing
and
suppressing
those
who
were
Loyal
to
the
King
.
Cromwell
,
who
left
Monck
in
Scotland
with
Eight
thousand
Men
to
carry
on
his
Victories
there
,
being
now
come
back
into
England
,
Cromwel
with
a
vast
Army
Besieges
Worcester
.
animates
with
new
Vigour
the
Forces
of
the
Rebel-Parricides
;
and
presently
joyning
his
Men
with
Lambert
,
Harrison
,
Gray
and
Fleetwood
,
and
those
who
from
all
parts
came
flocking
in
partly
voluntarily
,
and
partly
by
compulsion
,
he
made
up
an
Army
(
if
some
be
not
mistaken
in
their
reckoning
)
of
fourscore
thousand
Men
,
and
more
,
whom
he
posts
round
the
City
of
Worcester
.
But
the
brave
,
The
Earl
of
Derby
with
a
handful
of
new
raised
Men
,
though
unfortunate
attempts
of
the
Earl
of
Derby
which
happened
about
that
time
,
are
not
to
be
past
over
in
silence
.
He
with
a
small
handful
of
two
hundred
and
fifty
Men
,
from
his
own
Isle
of
Man
,
arrived
at
a
little
Town
in
Lancashire
,
and
in
that
Countrey
raised
almost
fif●n
hundred
Men
;
with
whom
he
marches
to
●chester
,
there
to
joyn
five
hundred
more
;
b●
to
his
misfortune
he
met
with
Lilburn
a
Colonel
of
the
Rump-Parliament
Forces
,
with
sixteen
hundred
Men.
For
coming
presently
to
blow
up
the
Town
of
Wigan
,
Is
defeated
by
Lilburn
.
after
a
smart
conflict
the
Earl
is
defeated
,
who
having
received
two
wounds
,
by
By-ways
cross
the
Countrey
he
flies
to
Worcester
,
the
Lord
Widderington
,
Sir
Thomas
Tilsley
,
Matthew
Bointon
and
Trollop
,
Colonels
,
with
Lieutenant
Colonel
Galliard
being
kill'd
,
and
Sir
William
Throgmorton
,
Colonel
Richard
Leg
,
with
four
other
Officers
,
and
fourty
Private
Souldiers
taken
.
Cromwell
in
the
mean
time
views
the
Kings
Camp
,
Massey
is
beat
out
of
Upton
,
which
the
Cromwellians
possess
themselves
of
.
uncertain
as
yet
in
what
part
to
fall
on
:
He
thought
it
,
however
,
fit
to
make
his
first
attempt
at
Vpton
,
seaven
Miles
above
Worcester
to
the
South
,
where
there
is
a
Stone-bridge
over
the
Savern
.
Massey
had
broken
the
Bridge
,
and
accidentally
left
a
Plank
from
one
Arch
to
another
,
lying
secure
with
two
hundred
and
fifty
Horse
in
the
Neighbouring
Town
,
and
no
Guard
left
to
defend
the
pass
.
But
the
Cromwellians
laying
hold
of
the
occasion
,
stradling
upon
the
Plank
,
pass
over
one
after
another
;
and
encreasing
in
number
,
they
possess
themselves
of
Vpton
Church
,
and
for
some
time
defend
it
,
until
more
Swimming
over
the
River
on
Horseback
,
and
crossing
the
Bridge
that
was
now
in
some
manner
repaired
,
came
up
to
their
Assistance
.
Massey
takes
the
Allarm
too
late
,
and
having
received
a
grievous
wound
in
the
Hand
is
forced
to
Retreat
to
Worcester
.
Then
upon
a
Bridge
of
Boats
,
they
pass
the
small
River
Team
,
which
running
at
some
distance
to
the
West
,
falls
into
the
Savern
a
little
below
the
Town
.
Soon
after
a
like
Bridge
of
Boats
being
made
over
the
Savern
it self
,
they
joyn'd
all
their
Forces
under
Bun-hill
,
within
a
Mile
of
Worcester
,
and
march
towards
the
Citie
,
as
challenging
the
Kings
Forces
to
come
out
.
The
night
following
,
Middleton
in
the
night
time
Sallies
cut
upon
the
Enemy
,
Middleton
with
fifteen
hundred
Horse
and
Foot
,
all
Scots
,
resolves
to
Sally
out
upon
the
Enemy
.
But
the
Cromwellians
were
in
readiness
,
having
had
timely
Intelligence
given
them
by
a
Taylor
,
who
was
hang'd
for
his
Treachery
:
Nevertheless
the
Royalists
attempt
to
break
into
the
Camp
,
To
his
loss
.
but
in
vain
,
and
having
lost
Major
Knox
with
some
others
,
they
Retreat
back
again
.
And
now
the
third
of
September
came
,
a
Day
fatal
to
,
and
never
to
be
forgot
by
the
Scots
for
the
overthrow
they
received
at
Dunbar
the
year
before
;
when
the
King
with
a
Council
of
War
,
viewing
the
Enemies
from
the
high
Steeple
of
the
Cathedral-Church
,
perceived
them
upon
their
March
towards
the
Town
.
All
presently
Arm
,
The
King
himself
marches
out
to
defend
Powick-bridge
.
and
the
King
himself
marches
out
to
the
defence
of
Powick-bridge
,
and
to
hinder
the
Enemies
passing
over
the
Bridge
of
Boats
,
which
we
just
now
mentioned
.
Which
the
Enemies
possess
themselves
of
.
The
King
was
scarcely
got
back
into
the
Town
,
when
Montgomery
who
defended
the
Bridge
,
being
dangerously
wounded
,
and
destitute
of
Gunpouder
,
Kreth
also
another
Commander
being
taken
,
returns
to
the
City
.
Whil'st
these
things
were
acting
,
the
Kings
Majesty
turning
towards
the
East-side
of
the
Town
,
resolves
to
hazard
a
Battel
.
There
is
a
sharp
engagement
at
Perry-wood
,
where
the
King
behaved
himself
most
valiantly
:
Therefore
with
a
considerable
Body
of
Foot
,
but
a
small
number
of
Horse
(
for
the
Scottish
Cavalry
scarce
budg'd
)
he
marches
against
the
Enemy
at
Perry-wood
with
a
most
undaunted
and
present
Mind
,
being
followed
by
the
Dukes
of
Hamilton
and
Buckingham
,
and
Sir
Alexander
Forbes
,
at
the
Head
of
his
Foot
.
But
being
over-powered
by
number
,
At
the
first
charge
he
beat
the
Van
and
made
himself
Master
of
the
Artillery
;
but
afterwards
,
though
with
wonderful
Sagacity
he
gave
orders
in
the
heat
and
confusion
of
the
Fight
,
fac'd
the
greatest
dangers
with
a
High
and
Steady
Mind
,
not
to
be
matched
by
others
;
and
with
his
own
Hand
did
many
brave
Actions
,
though
at
that
time
he
gave
illustrious
proofs
of
his
Personal
Valour
even
in
the
Judgment
of
his
Enemies
;
yet
being
overpowred
by
fresh
Men
,
whom
Cromwell
in
great
numbers
sent
in
,
he
despaired
not
,
but
that
he
might
reserve
himself
for
better
Fortune
,
He
returns
into
the
Town
.
thought
it
best
to
retreat
in
time
,
and
save
himself
in
the
Town
;
but
he
was
for
some
time
stopt
by
a
Wagon
laden
with
Ammunition
,
which
the
Wheel
being
accidentally
broken
,
lay
cross
Sudbury-Gate
.
However
,
alighting
from
his
Horse
,
he
went
in
on
Foot
;
and
presently
mounting
another
,
Where
in
vain
encouraging
his
Men
now
in
disorder
,
he
slips
out
at
St.
Martins
Gate
.
He
exhorts
the
Horse
to
renew
the
Fight
;
but
they
are
deaf
to
all
entreaties
.
he
used
all
manner
of
perswasions
to
encourage
the
Souldiers
who
now
were
giving
over
to
renew
the
Engagement
;
till
the
danger
growing
greater
and
greater
,
by
St.
Martins-gate
he
went
out
to
the
Horse
,
Commanded
by
David
Leslie
,
being
almost
whole
entire
,
and
directed
his
course
towards
Barbon-bridge
,
earnestly
entreating
the
Horse
that
they
should
take
Courage
,
and
hasten
to
the
Assistance
of
the
Foot
,
who
were
put
to
utmost
extremity
.
But
many
refused
,
some
threw
away
their
Arms
,
all
slunk
away
and
chose
rather
to
decline
the
danger
,
than
by
fighting
stoutly
,
either
make
that
the
last
day
of
their
Life
,
or
the
first
of
their
Victory
.
But
whil'st
the
King
is
making
his
escape
,
the
Earl
of
Cleveland
,
Sir
James
Hamilton
,
Colonel
Careliss
and
some
other
worthy
and
Loyal
Gentlemen
,
with
the
remains
of
the
Horse
,
renewing
the
fight
at
Sudbury-Gate
,
put
a
stop
to
the
Enemy
for
some
time
,
till
Fleetwood
on
the
West-side
having
past
the
River
,
broke
into
the
Town
through
the
Suburbs
of
St.
John
;
and
Cromwel
,
The
Town
is
taken
,
and
the
Fort
Royal
,
the
Soulders
that
kept
it
being
put
to
the
Sword
.
having
thrown
down
Sudbury-gate
,
beat
off
the
Earl
and
the
rest
.
From
thence
he
marched
on
victorious
to
the
Fort
Royal
,
maintained
by
Colonel
Drummond
with
fifteen
hundred
Soldiers
;
who
having
refused
to
surrender
it
,
was
Attacked
on
all
Hands
,
and
cut
off
with
all
his
Men.
Deplorable
and
sad
was
the
Countenance
of
the
Town
after
that
:
The
Victorious
Souldiers
on
the
one
Hand
,
Killing
,
breaking
into
Houses
,
Plundering
,
Sacking
,
Roaring
and
Threatning
;
on
the
other
hand
,
the
Subdued
flying
,
turning
their
backs
to
be
cut
and
slasht
,
and
with
stretched
out
hands
begging
Quarters
;
some
in
vain
resisting
sold
their
lives
as
dear
as
they
could
;
whil'st
the
Citizens
,
to
no
purpose
,
prayed
,
lamented
and
bewailed
.
All
the
Streets
are
strowed
with
dead
and
mangled
Bodies
.
Here
were
to
be
seen
some
that
begg'd
Relief
;
and
there
again
others
weltering
in
their
own
gore
,
who
desired
that
at
once
an
end
might
be
put
to
their
lives
and
miseries
.
The
Dead
Bodies
lay
unburied
for
the
space
of
three
days
or
more
,
which
was
a
loathsome
spectacle
,
that
encreased
the
horrour
of
the
Action
.
Three
thousand
and
five
hundred
Private
Souldiers
were
slain
.
The
number
of
the
slain
,
Duke
Hamilton
having
his
Thigh
broken
,
lived
but
four
or
five
days
after
the
Battel
.
Forbess
was
shot
through
both
his
Legs
.
Five
thousand
were
taken
Prisoners
,
And
Prisoners
.
some
Towns-people
,
but
most
Scots
;
amongst
whom
were
the
Earls
of
Rothes
,
Karnewath
,
Kelly
,
the
Lord
Sinclare
,
Montgomery
,
the
General
of
Artillerie
,
as
also
of
English
,
Colonel
Graves
,
and
Fanshaw
Secretary
to
the
King
,
with
the
Officers
of
the
Scots
Army
,
all
the
Baggage
,
and
an
hundred
and
five
and
fifty
Colours
.
The
King
leaving
the
Scottish
Horse
,
betakes
himself
to
By
ways
,
The
Kings
Majesty
having
a
little
beyond
Barbon-bridge
left
Leslie
,
who
resolved
to
march
with
the
Horse
that
were
almost
entire
,
by
Newport
streight
into
Scotland
,
and
being
attended
by
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
the
Earls
of
Derby
and
Lauderdale
,
the
Lords
Wilmot
,
Talbot
and
other
Persons
of
Qualitie
,
with
about
fifty
Horse
,
followed
By-ways
;
partly
that
he
might
refresh
himself
with
sleep
,
and
partly
that
he
might
disappoint
those
that
pursued
him
.
And
at
the
perswasion
of
the
Earl
of
Derby
,
goes
towards
Boscobel
.
Upon
their
Journey
,
the
Earl
of
Derby
told
the
King
,
That
lately
when
he
was
defeated
by
Lilburn
,
one
Pendrel
harboured
him
safely
in
Boscobel-house
;
but
that
he
was
a
Papist
.
Thither
the
King
resolved
to
betake
himself
.
This
House
is
distant
from
Worcester
twenty
six
Miles
,
stands
in
Shropshire
,
upon
the
borders
of
Staffordshire
;
seated
betwixt
Tong-Castle
and
Brewood
in
a
woody
place
very
fit
for
a
retreat
.
One
Gifford
that
was
well
acquainted
with
the
Ways
,
leaving
Kedderminster
on
the
Left-hand
,
When
they
came
to
the
House
called
Whitladies
.
conducted
him
by
Stonebridge
;
and
at
Whiteladies
an
old
Monasterie
of
Cistertian
Nuns
in
the
midst
of
the
Woods
,
about
a
Mile
from
Boscobel
,
having
knockt
up
another
Pendrel
about
midnight
,
he
and
his
Company
are
let
in
.
Whilst
the
King
had
his
Hair
cut
off
in
this
House
,
and
burnt
in
the
Fire
,
his
Hands
blackned
with
Soot
,
and
shifting
his
Cloaths
put
on
an
old
Countrey
Suit
,
two
other
Pendrells
Brothers
,
Richard
,
who
lived
in
a
Neighbouring
little
Farm
at
Hobbal
,
and
William
in
Boscobel
,
are
sent
for
,
whom
the
Earl
of
Derby
acquainting
them
with
the
disaster
,
He
commits
himself
to
the
hiding
of
the
Pendrels
Brothers
.
and
shewing
them
the
Kings
Majesty
,
Beseeches
for
Gods
sake
their
Loyalty
,
and
all
that
was
Good
and
Sacred
,
to
keep
him
safe
,
and
forthwith
find
out
some
place
for
him
where
he
might
securely
lurk
.
The
honest
Countrey-men
promising
to
do
what
lay
in
their
Power
,
Richard
by
a
back
door
led
him
out
into
the
next
Wood
;
Wilmot
having
been
before
ordered
to
go
on
Horseback
to
London
,
Wilmot
being
before
sent
to
London
.
where
at
the
sign
of
the
Green
Dragon
by
the
Vintry
in
Thames-street
,
the
King
had
resolved
to
meet
him
;
John
Pendrell
promising
to
shew
him
a
way
which
he
might
more
securely
follow
.
After
that
the
Nobles
had
taken
the
best
care
they
could
of
the
King
,
Whilst
the
Nobles
essay
to
overtake
Lesly
.
they
consult
about
their
own
safety
,
and
think
it
safest
to
follow
,
and
if
they
could
overtake
Leslie
,
because
of
the
number
of
men
he
had
with
him
,
that
might
secure
them
from
a
few
stragling
Soldiers
,
and
because
they
were
got
so
far
on
their
way
,
that
a
considerable
body
of
the
Rebels
could
hardly
overtake
them
.
They
were
not
far
from
thence
,
when
they
protected
the
Lord
Livingstone
,
Captain
of
the
King's
Troop
of
Guards
,
from
the
Enemies
that
pursued
him
;
but
that
good
fortune
lasted
not
long
:
For
soon
after
,
when
they
had
advanced
beyond
Newport
,
They
are
dispersed
by
Lilburn's
men
,
Derby
and
others
being
taken
.
they
fall
in
amongst
Lilburn's
men
,
who
easily
rout
and
put
them
to
slight
,
being
quite
spent
with
fatigue
;
the
Earl
of
Derby
(
whom
the
impious
Rebels
afterwards
condemned
in
a
Council
of
War
,
and
put
to
Death
)
,
Lauderdale
,
(
who
for
his
Loyalty
suffered
a
tedious
Imprisonment
,
until
the
King's
Restauration
)
and
others
,
whom
it
would
be
long
to
name
,
being
taken
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
Livingstone
,
Talbot
,
with
many
others
,
severally
shifting
for
themselves
,
made
their
escapes
,
and
at
length
went
beyond
Sea
.
Nay
Lesly
was
not
got
far
beyond
Newport
,
Lesly
and
his
men
,
became
a
prey
to
the
Enemy
,
when
he
is
beset
by
the
Enemies
,
and
all
his
men
either
dispersed
or
taken
;
and
particularly
,
the
Earl
of
Cleveland
,
who
had
overtaken
Lesly
after
the
Battel
,
Kenmore
,
the
Lord
Wentworth
and
Middleton
.
Most
of
the
dispersed
straglers
were
by
the
Countrey
people
,
not
without
a
brand
of
Cruelty
,
which
the
English
Nation
abhors
,
Or
(
what
was
worse
)
to
the
Countrey
People
.
knockt
down
,
wherever
they
were
found
,
with
Staves
,
Pitch-forks
,
●lails
,
and
what
weapons
rage
and
fury
put
into
their
hands
;
a
very
unsuitable
return
,
indeed
,
to
the
moderation
and
continence
,
which
not
long
before
,
they
had
shewed
amongst
them
upon
their
march
.
Massey
,
being
wounded
in
the
hand
,
Massey
yielding
himself
to
a
noble
Lady
,
is
fled
of
his
own
accord
to
the
protection
of
the
Countess
of
Stanford
;
under
whose
husband
,
the
father
of
Gray
,
he
had
formerly
served
in
Glocestershire
.
From
thence
after
a
fortnights
stay
,
C●st
into
the
Tower
of
London
:
he
was
carried
to
the
Tower
of
London
,
where
he
endured
the
irksomness
of
a
tedious
imprisonment
,
From
whence
he
escapes
in
disguise
.
and
being
to
be
brought
to
his
Tryal
before
the
High
Court
of
Justice
,
he
changed
Cloaths
with
a
certain
Porter
,
and
made
his
escape
.
The
Kingdom
of
Scotland
thus
taken
,
and
most
part
of
the
Nobility
cut
off
,
truckles
under
the
Victorious
Arms
of
the
English
;
and
had
not
the
Supreme
Judge
of
all
things
reserved
a
root
,
from
which
the
Royal
Issue
and
cause
might
spring
out
again
of
new
,
and
had
not
the
same
right
hand
of
the
Duke
of
Albemarle
,
(
whom
as
yet
we
must
call
Monck
,
)
that
gave
the
Wound
,
also
wrought
the
Cure
,
it
had
been
undone
for
ever
.
A
full
account
where
the
King
lurked
in
England
.
But
now
what
befel
the
King
,
the
Care
of
Providence
,
Hopes
of
the
English
Race
,
and
Defender
of
the
Church
,
since
the
English
,
I
know
,
are
insatiably
desirous
to
be
informed
of
it
,
and
that
hardly
in
any
Age
a
more
remarkable
adventure
hath
happened
,
I
shall
,
according
,
as
I
have
heard
it
from
the
King
's
own
Mouth
,
relate
with
some
exactness
and
curiosity
.
The
King
went
into
the
Wood
in
the
very
nick
of
time
,
as
will
appear
.
For
within
less
than
half
an
Hour
,
the
Souldiers
of
Colonel
Ashenhurst
come
in
quest
of
him
,
Ashenhurst's
Souldiers
search
the
Monastery
.
hunt
all
over
the
Monastery
,
and
running
from
Chamber
to
Chamber
,
search
into
all
secret
places
,
recesses
,
and
hidden
corners
.
Yet
,
as
Fate
would
have
it
,
they
made
no
enquiry
abroad
out
of
the
House
,
for
it
rained
all
Day
,
and
the
droppings
from
the
Trees
made
the
Grass
very
wet
;
so
that
what
did
hurt
to
others
,
saved
the
King
.
For
whilst
he
lurked
amongst
the
thick
shrubs
of
the
Woods
,
Richard
Pendrell
borrowed
a
Blanket
for
him
to
cover
him
in
the
Rain
,
and
furnished
him
with
a
Bill
,
that
he
might
seem
busie
in
mending
Hedges
,
entreating
the
Wife
of
a
Countrey-man
,
one
Francis
Yates
that
was
related
to
him
,
that
if
she
had
any
Victuals
ready
she
would
bring
it
into
the
Wood.
A
Countrey-man's
Wife
brings
Victuals
into
the
Wood
for
the
King
to
feed
upon
.
She
without
delay
brings
forth
some
Milk
and
Sugar
,
with
a
few
Eggs
and
Butter
.
The
King
somewhat
startled
at
the
coming
of
the
Woman
,
because
of
the
babling
the
Sex
is
subject
to
,
asked
her
,
Can
you
be
true
to
any
one
that
hath
served
the
King
?
Yes
,
Sir
,
answered
she
,
I
'le
die
sooner
than
betray
you
.
At
which
the
King
,
being
reassured
,
fed
heartily
on
the
Victuals
that
were
brought
him
.
Towards
the
Evening
,
Richard
brings
him
into
his
House
that
stood
hard
by
,
In
the
Evening
he
comes
to
Richard
Pendrell's
House
;
where
he
prepares
for
a
New
Journey
,
that
he
was
to
take
that
Night
.
For
the
King
amongst
other
things
had
asked
,
If
he
knew
any
Faithful
,
Honest
Man
living
upon
the
Severn
,
who
might
provide
him
a
hiding
place
for
a
short
space
,
From
thence
intending
to
go
into
Wales
.
till
he
might
find
an
opportunity
of
passing
over
into
Wales
;
for
in
that
Country
he
wanted
not
Faithful
Friends
,
by
whose
means
he
might
either
get
to
London
,
or
lurk
more
securely
amongst
the
Rocks
and
Mountains
.
Being
therefore
informed
of
one
Wolfe
(
but
a
Papist
by
Religion
)
living
at
Madely
,
five
Miles
from
thence
,
That
Night
he
goes
on
Foot
towards
the
Severn
,
Richard
Pendrell
being
his
Guide
:
He
is
frightned
by
a
Miller
.
and
one
from
the
Severn
,
at
nine
of
the
Clock
at
Night
,
accompanied
with
Richard
,
he
sets
out
to
go
thither
.
But
they
were
hardly
gone
the
first
mile
,
when
they
had
a
Water-mill
to
pass
by
,
where
they
must
cross
the
River
on
a
Wooden
Bridge
:
The
Gate
which
they
opened
making
a
noise
,
the
Miller
comes
out
,
and
in
a
threatning
tone
asks
them
whither
they
were
going
so
late
at
Night
;
and
bids
them
stand
.
Pendrell
terrified
by
that
unexpected
thunderclap
,
leaving
the
Bridge
,
hastily
wades
through
the
Water
,
and
is
followed
by
his
August
Companion
,
who
in
the
thick
darkness
,
was
not
so
much
guided
by
his
sight
,
as
by
the
ratling
of
his
Leathern
Breeches
.
The
Pursive
Fat
Miller
soon
gave
over
the
pursuit
;
and
the
rest
of
the
way
was
free
from
danger
.
At
Madely
he
is
lodged
in
a
Barn
,
At
length
they
come
to
Madely
,
where
Pendrell
knocking
at
the
Door
,
is
presently
let
in
.
The
Guest
is
kindly
received
by
Wolfe
,
who
being
acquainted
with
the
design
,
lodges
him
in
the
Barn
,
because
in
the
day
time
his
House
was
seldom
free
from
Souldiers
.
They
send
to
be
enformed
of
an
opportunity
of
passing
the
River
,
and
have
news
brought
back
,
that
not
only
the
Bridges
are
guarded
by
Souldiers
,
but
also
the
Ferry-Boats
most
strictly
observed
,
and
therefore
it
would
be
very
difficult
and
unsafe
to
pass
the
River
.
The
River
being
strictly
guarded
,
he
returns
into
the
Wood
from
whence
he
came
.
When
it
was
night
he
was
received
into
the
House
,
where
the
good
Woman
stained
his
Hands
and
Face
somewhat
more
with
a
Decoction
of
Galls
,
and
having
taken
his
leave
,
he
returns
back
the
same
way
on
Foot
to
Boscobel
,
there
to
stay
for
a
more
commodious
opportunity
of
travelling
.
Being
come
back
before
Day
,
he
tarried
in
the
Wood
,
till
Richard
went
to
see
if
any
Souldiers
were
in
Boscobel
House
;
but
he
finds
none
there
save
Colonel
Carlos
,
whom
we
mentioned
before
to
have
,
with
others
,
kept
the
Cromwellians
in
Play
at
Sudbury-gate
,
who
being
born
thereabouts
,
was
just
come
to
a
Friends
House
,
to
beg
a
little
Bread
.
Early
in
the
Morning
he
is
by
Carlos
brought
into
Boscobel-house
▪
Carlos
being
informed
who
lay
hid
in
the
Wood
,
with
the
two
Pendrells
went
streight
out
to
him
,
and
after
joyful
Congratulations
on
all
hands
,
they
conduct
him
into
the
House
;
but
the
Sand
that
was
got
into
his
Shoes
,
whilst
he
ran
through
the
River
,
had
rub'd
the
Skin
off
,
and
fetch'd
Blood
from
his
Feet
,
which
a
poor
Woman
cured
by
washing
them
.
Having
taken
refreshment
,
he
climbs
up
upon
an
Oak
.
Then
both
being
refreshed
with
Countrey-fare
,
they
forthwith
return
back
into
the
Wood
;
where
climbing
up
to
the
top
of
a
thick
and
leafy
Oak
,
they
spend
the
Day
there
:
The
King
after
long
watching
falling
fast
asleep
upon
the
Arms
and
in
the
Bosom
of
Carlos
.
In
the
Night
time
he
is
hid
in
a
Priests-hole
.
At
Night
they
come
down
,
and
,
being
very
hungry
,
return
to
the
House
,
where
they
were
shew'd
a
Place
called
a
Priests-hole
,
almost
unscrutable
,
which
pleased
the
King
so
well
,
that
whilst
he
stay'd
there
he
would
trust
himself
no
more
abroad
.
Humphrey
,
another
of
the
five
Brothers
of
the
Pendrells
,
who
kept
a
Mill
hard
by
,
had
gone
to
Sheffual
to
pay
his
Assessment
;
where
,
in
the
House
of
Captain
Broadway
Collector
of
the
Money
,
he
accidentally
met
with
an
Oliverian
Colonel
,
who
very
earnestly
sought
after
the
King
;
and
hearing
that
this
Countrey-man
lived
near
the
Abbey
of
Whitladies
,
he
asked
him
if
he
knew
any
thing
of
the
King
,
or
of
the
Abbey
:
Pendrell
the
Miller
being
asked
concerning
the
King
,
adding
,
That
if
any
would
discover
him
,
he
might
gain
a
thousand
pounds
Sterling
;
but
that
if
he
were
found
to
have
concealed
,
or
hid
him
,
he
would
undoubtedly
suffer
death
for
it
.
Yet
honest
Humphrey
,
preferring
the
safety
of
the
King
,
and
his
own
honesty
before
any
hopes
of
gain
,
faithfully
kept
Counsel
,
Preserved
his
Loyalty
unviolated
.
and
made
answer
,
that
he
knew
nothing
.
When
he
returned
home
at
Night
,
he
relates
the
whole
matter
to
the
King
,
who
the
next
Day
,
being
Sunday
,
spent
a
great
part
of
the
Day
in
an
Arbour
adjoyning
the
House
in
reading
the
Scriptures
.
In
the
mean
time
John
Pendrell
,
when
he
was
shewing
the
Lord
Wilmot
his
way
to
London
,
found
it
every
where
so
pestered
with
Souldiers
,
that
he
thought
it
safest
to
hide
him
and
his
Horse
in
a
Marle-pit
,
Wilmot
coming
out
of
a
Marle-pit
,
is
committed
to
the
care
of
Whitgrave
.
until
he
could
find
out
a
more
commodious
lurking
place
;
and
at
length
he
happily
committed
him
to
the
trust
of
Whitgrave
and
Hudlestone
,
(
though
both
Roman
Catholicks
)
Hudlestone
being
Tutor
in
the
House
to
Mr.
Whitgrave's
three
Sons
.
These
having
in
the
Night
time
sent
the
Horse
to
Colonel
Lane's
,
their
intimate
acquaintance
,
who
had
formerly
served
the
King
,
Hospitably
entertained
Wilmot
at
Mosely
.
The
King
having
notice
of
this
from
John
at
his
return
,
he
forthwith
sends
him
back
to
find
out
Wilmot
,
who
had
before
changed
his
Lodging
,
and
removed
to
Bentley
,
the
House
of
Colonel
Lane
:
Being
found
there
at
length
,
and
acquainted
with
the
Kings
mind
,
he
promises
next
night
to
return
and
meet
the
King
at
Mosely
,
five
miles
distant
from
Boscobel
.
John
being
come
back
to
Boscobel
,
the
King
resolved
to
go
thither
and
see
Wilmot
:
But
the
unlucky
rubbing
off
the
skin
of
his
feet
,
which
we
mentioned
,
made
him
unable
to
walk
it
a
foot
.
Therefore
mounting
the
Miller
Humphrey's
Beast
,
To
visit
whom
the
King
,
mounted
on
a
Millers
Beast
,
goes
to
Mosely
.
upon
an
old
coarse
Saddle
,
and
bidding
farewel
to
Carlos
,
he
goes
to
Mosely
,
the
four
Pendrels
and
Francis
Yates
being
his
Guard
.
Whither
so
soon
as
he
was
come
,
he
dismissed
the
countrey-men
with
many
promises
,
which
have
been
since
largely
performed
.
Then
did
Whitgrave
and
Hudlestone
conduct
him
to
Wilmot
,
with
whom
having
had
a
long
conference
about
his
Affairs
,
and
taken
some
refreshment
of
food
,
he
was
led
into
a
private
Chamber
to
repose
himself
and
sleep
.
But
next
day
Whitgrave
had
some
notice
,
Soldiers
c●me
to
seize
Whitgrave
,
that
Soldiers
were
coming
to
seize
him
,
as
one
that
had
formerly
served
in
the
King's
Army
.
And
so
,
indeed
,
they
came
,
yet
he
being
innocent
would
not
avoid
them
;
but
the
King
slipping
into
a
private
place
,
and
the
doors
being
all
instantly
opened
,
he
confidently
speaks
to
them
;
and
by
the
testimony
of
Neighbours
,
and
other
Arguments
,
so
clearly
convinced
them
of
the
contrary
of
what
they
suspected
,
And
depart
.
that
without
so
much
as
coming
up
the
stairs
,
of
their
own
accord
they
left
him
,
without
any
further
disturbance
.
The
same
day
Soldiers
make
a
new
search
in
the
Abbey
,
The
King
is
again
searched
after
in
the
Abbey
.
having
been
informed
by
an
Ensign
who
was
made
Prisoner
,
that
the
King
certainly
absconded
there
;
for
that
he
had
seen
him
with
some
other
Company
arrive
there
,
and
that
he
had
observed
no
such
person
depart
from
thence
.
They
therefore
break
into
all
the
Rooms
,
search
every
Chamber
,
Closet
,
and
Corner
;
break
down
the
Wanescot
and
partition
walls
,
and
seek
in
every
little
hole
,
but
in
vain
.
Then
they
examine
the
Master
of
the
House
,
with
a
charged
Musket
cockt
at
his
Breast
;
threatning
him
,
that
if
he
did
not
forthwith
bring
forth
the
King
,
he
should
die
upon
the
spot
.
But
he
absolutely
denies
that
he
knew
the
King
;
yet
confessed
that
many
came
to
his
house
that
night
,
who
having
eat
up
all
his
Victuals
went
off
again
.
The
Soldiers
there
upon
turning
to
the
Ensign
,
soundly
banged
him
for
telling
a
lye
.
The
night
following
his
Majesty
having
drawn
a
Bill
of
Exchange
upon
a
Merchant
in
London
,
for
Money
to
be
payed
to
his
Landlord
,
that
if
it
should
come
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Parricides
,
that
he
had
been
harboured
in
that
house
,
he
with
the
rest
concerned
might
have
wherewithal
to
shift
for
themselves
,
and
get
beyond
Sea
,
took
his
leave
of
Whitgrave
,
his
Wife
,
and
Hudlestone
;
and
committed
himself
and
Wilmot
to
the
protection
of
Colonel
Lane
,
to
be
conducted
to
Bently
.
He
removes
to
Bently
,
from
thence
to
go
to
Bristol
as
the
servant
of
Jane
Lane
.
Where
his
sister
Jane
Lane
undertook
to
carry
him
to
Bristol
where
he
hoped
he
might
have
a
passage
;
having
in
this
manner
laid
her
design
.
She
procured
from
a
certain
Colonel
of
the
Rebels
,
a
passport
for
her self
,
a
Gentleman
and
his
Wife
,
with
one
Servant
,
mounted
upon
two
Horses
,
that
they
might
safely
and
without
molestation
travel
to
the
house
of
one
Norton
near
Bristol
,
whose
Wife
was
ready
to
lye
in
.
Her
sister
Jane
must
needs
be
at
her
Labour
;
and
could
not
have
better
Company
to
go
along
with
her
,
than
her
Cousin
and
her
Husband
;
which
was
a
Scheme
very
well
contrived
.
Without
more
delay
,
the
King
mounts
on
Horse-back
,
riding
before
Jane
as
her
Servant
.
Lassels
,
her
Cousin
,
He
sets
forth
upon
his
journey
,
accompanied
with
Lassels
and
Wilmot
,
with
his
Wife
follows
after
:
Wilmot
rides
before
with
a
Hawk
on
his
Fist
,
as
a
stranger
who
had
accidentally
met
them
on
the
Rode
;
resolving
so
soon
as
they
came
near
Bristol
,
to
strike
off
to
the
house
of
his
friend
Sir
John
Winter
,
there
to
expect
the
Issue
of
things
.
The
design
being
thus
laid
,
in
a
good
time
they
set
forward
upon
their
Journey
.
The
first
remarkable
accident
that
happened
,
At
Bromsgrove
he
falls
in
discourse
with
a
Smith
about
himself
.
was
at
Bromsgrove
;
for
the
King's
Horse
losing
a
Shoe
,
His
Majesty
was
to
carry
him
to
a
Smith
to
be
shod
.
The
King
asking
him
,
what
News
he
heard
?
Nothing
,
answered
he
,
but
that
Cromwell
had
routed
the
Scots
,
and
that
though
all
the
rest
were
slain
,
or
taken
Prisoners
,
yet
the
King
had
made
his
escape
.
Perhaps
,
replied
the
King
,
he
has
got
by
by-ways
back
into
Scotland
.
No
,
said
the
Smith
,
that
is
not
very
likely
;
he
rather
lurks
secretly
somewhere
in
England
,
and
I
wish
I
knew
where
he
were
,
for
I
might
get
a
thousand
Pounds
by
taking
him
.
After
the
Horse
was
shod
,
the
King
departed
,
and
upon
the
Rode
,
told
his
Mistress
what
discourse
he
had
had
with
the
Smith
.
When
they
were
come
near
to
Stratford
,
they
had
a
mind
to
foard
over
the
River
of
Avon
,
about
a
mile
below
the
Town
:
But
drawing
nearer
,
they
perceived
Soldiers
Horses
feeding
in
the
Meadows
,
and
the
Troopers
lying
upon
the
ground
,
on
the
other
side
.
There
they
consult
what
was
best
to
be
done
.
The
King
was
for
going
confidently
on
;
but
Lassels
,
thinking
still
on
the
Injury
which
he
had
lately
received
from
the
Soldiers
,
thought
it
safer
to
turn
aside
to
the
next
Town
;
the
King
yielding
to
his
fear
,
At
Stratford
he
passes
through
Soldiers
without
any
hurt
.
whilst
they
rode
along
the
Streets
,
they
met
the
same
Soldiers
whom
they
had
avoided
;
yet
without
the
least
molestation
,
they
civilly
giving
hat
for
hat
.
At
night
they
came
to
the
Crown
in
Cirencester
,
where
the
King
pretending
himself
sick
,
went
presently
into
a
Chamber
.
Next
Evening
they
came
to
Marsfield
,
Lodges
at
Cirencester
,
where
they
lodged
at
a
Relations
of
Jane's
.
On
the
third
day
,
leaving
Bristol
three
Miles
to
the
left
,
Then
at
Marsfield
,
and
the
third
day
at
Norton
,
where
he
pretends
himself
sick
.
they
arrived
at
Norton's
house
;
where
Jane
caused
a
Bed
to
be
made
in
a
private
Chamber
for
the
King
,
who
she
said
,
was
the
Son
of
one
of
her
Father's
Tenants
,
and
was
sick
of
an
Ague
,
getting
Doctor
Gorge
to
give
him
somewhat
for
his
Distemper
.
As
he
came
out
of
his
Chamber
in
the
morning
,
Gorge
asked
him
,
what
he
heard
of
the
King
and
of
the
Battel
?
But
seeing
he
faultered
in
his
Answer
,
And
is
visited
by
Doctor
Gorge
I
am
afraid
,
says
he
,
you
are
a
Round-head
;
but
I
will
try
what
Metal
you
are
made
of
;
and
taking
him
presently
into
the
Buttery
,
he
drinks
to
him
the
King's
Health
in
a
Glass
of
Wine
,
which
the
King
pledging
,
assured
him
that
he
never
was
a
man
of
that
Stamp
.
The
morning
following
,
the
King
eating
a
piece
of
Bread
and
Cheese
in
the
Buttery
,
fell
into
discourse
with
a
bragging
fellow
there
present
,
In
the
Buttery
he
discourses
with
a
bragging
fellow
about
the
King
.
who
boasted
that
he
had
been
at
Worcester
fight
,
and
talked
largely
of
many
things
that
hapned
there
.
Says
the
King
to
him
,
Have
you
ever
seen
the
King
?
Twenty
times
,
answered
he
;
What
kind
of
man
is
he
then
?
Then
looking
on
the
King
more
steadfastly
,
He
is
,
said
he
,
four
fingers
breadth
taller
than
you
.
Afterwards
takeing
off
his
hat
to
the
Mistress
of
the
House
,
as
she
accidentally
past
through
the
Parlour
.
The
Butler
eying
him
more
attentively
,
and
observing
his
Countenance
,
suspected
him
to
be
the
King
,
He
is
discovered
by
the
Butler
,
and
finding
a
private
occasion
fell
upon
his
Knees
,
asking
him
if
it
were
not
so
.
The
King
enjoining
him
silence
,
confessed
he
was
.
This
man's
name
was
John
Pope
,
who
five
years
before
had
been
a
Soldier
under
his
Majesty
in
the
West
,
when
he
was
Prince
of
Wales
;
and
being
afterwards
disbanded
,
he
had
served
several
Masters
,
before
he
came
to
be
Butler
to
this
Norton
;
from
that
time
forward
,
he
performed
a
great
many
good
Offices
to
his
Majesty
with
extraordinary
Fidelity
.
A
most
faithful
man
;
For
first
he
was
sent
to
Bristol
to
find
out
a
Ship
:
But
could
find
none
there
that
within
a
Month
was
to
sail
either
to
France
or
Spain
.
Whilst
he
discoursed
with
the
King
of
several
that
had
served
his
Majesty
,
he
pitched
upon
one
Windham
,
whom
he
thought
fit
to
try
in
the
present
streights
,
and
who
lived
at
Trent
in
Dorcetshire
.
Wilmot
coming
,
as
it
had
been
agreed
upon
,
By
whose
means
Wilmot
is
introduced
.
to
Norton's
House
,
is
by
night
introduced
to
the
King
by
Pope
,
and
,
after
they
had
consulted
together
,
presently
sent
to
Trent
,
to
enquire
if
Windham
could
receive
and
conceal
the
King
in
his
house
,
until
he
might
find
an
opportunity
of
a
passage
over
Sea
.
He
sounds
Windham's
mind
,
Windham
presently
made
answer
,
that
he
thought
himself
extremely
happy
,
that
amongst
so
many
Noble
and
Loyal
Subjects
,
he
reckoned
him
chiefly
worthy
of
that
honour
:
That
he
was
therefore
ready
not
only
to
venture
his
Life
,
Family
,
and
Estate
,
but
even
to
sacrifice
all
to
his
Majesties
Service
.
With
good
success
.
But
withal
begs
leave
to
impart
the
secret
not
only
to
his
Mother
and
Wife
,
but
also
to
four
Servants
,
of
whose
faithfulness
both
to
his
Majesty
and
himself
he
was
fully
assured
.
Wilmot
consented
,
and
assuring
him
that
the
King
would
be
there
three
days
after
,
he
returned
.
But
the
night
before
,
Norton's
Wife
was
brought
to
Bed
,
after
a
hard
and
dangerous
Labour
,
and
was
not
to
be
left
by
her
Sister
,
(
for
so
she
called
Jane
)
in
that
Condition
.
That
she
might
therefore
have
a
civil
pretext
of
departing
,
a
Letter
is
pretended
to
have
been
just
then
brought
from
her
Aged
and
Decrepit
Father
;
Jane
counterfeits
Letters
as
from
her
dying
Father
.
wherein
he
acquaints
her
,
that
since
her
departure
he
had
been
grievously
ill
,
and
that
he
stood
in
need
of
her
present
assistance
;
he
therefore
bids
her
,
if
she
tendered
her
Father's
Life
,
to
hasten
home
.
The
Letters
being
produced
,
and
the
Rumour
spread
over
the
Family
,
Jane
and
Lassels
take
their
farewel
,
leaving
his
Wife
with
the
Lady
in
the
straw
,
For
a
pretext
of
departing
late
at
Night
.
and
with
their
Servant
,
whom
the
Kings
Majesty
personated
,
they
depart
.
Rogers
,
who
by
by-ways
had
conducted
Wilmot
from
Winter's
house
to
Nortons
,
was
their
Guide
;
and
they
lodged
the
first
night
at
Carew-Castle
seven
miles
on
this
side
Trent
.
They
go
to
Carew-Castle
,
The
appointed
hour
of
their
coming
drawing
nigh
,
Windham
and
his
Wife
,
as
if
to
take
a
walk
,
went
out
to
meet
them
;
and
send
the
King
privately
into
the
house
,
by
one
whom
they
had
chosen
for
that
purpose
:
And
next
day
to
Trent
,
where
Windam
lived
.
Jane
and
Lassels
in
the
mean
time
are
publickly
received
as
Relations
,
who
coming
from
a
place
far
distant
,
were
to
be
gone
next
day
.
In
this
place
the
King's
Majesty
stayed
securely
nineteen
days
,
expecting
a
Vessel
at
leisure
,
and
having
been
several
times
disappointed
.
But
one
day
it
happened
that
the
Countrey
People
fell
to
ringing
of
Bells
,
with
more
than
usual
Solemnity
;
and
the
King
,
enquiring
into
the
cause
of
this
extraordinary
rejoycing
,
A
report
of
the
King's
Death
.
was
told
,
that
it
was
for
the
joyful
News
of
the
King's
Death
,
which
was
confidently
reported
.
But
whilst
they
consulted
,
and
cast
about
a
long
time
concerning
a
passage
,
Windham
bethought
himself
of
one
Elden
a
Merchant
,
formerly
a
Captain
under
CHARLES
the
First
,
who
since
that
,
drove
a
considerable
trade
at
Lime
,
that
he
possibly
might
procure
a
Vessel
,
since
he
had
assisted
the
Lord
Berkley
in
distress
with
a
safe
passage
.
Therefore
Windham
is
dispatched
to
him
to
learn
,
whether
or
not
he
could
procure
a
safe
passage
for
Wilmot
,
and
another
Nobleman
,
who
had
made
their
escape
from
Worcester
fight
.
He
readily
listened
to
it
,
and
presently
went
to
Chayermouth
,
near
to
Lime
;
Elden
freights
a
Ship
at
Chayermouth
.
where
having
sent
for
the
Master
of
a
Ship
,
he
asked
him
,
under
promise
of
secresie
,
if
he
durst
venture
to
carry
Wilmot
and
his
servant
safely
over
to
France
.
He
undertook
it
,
and
bargains
with
a
Captain
for
threescore
Pound
,
which
he
obliged
himself
under
Hand
and
Seal
to
pay
him
,
after
he
had
carried
a
Nobleman
over
to
France
.
The
hour
and
day
,
when
he
was
to
put
them
on
Board
in
a
Boat
,
are
prefixed
.
Hitherto
all
things
succeeding
according
to
their
expectation
;
there
only
wanted
a
pretext
of
staying
in
Lodgings
,
till
all
things
might
be
made
ready
for
their
passage
.
For
that
end
Henry
Peters
,
Windham's
Servant
,
Peters's
device
whereby
he
provides
lodgings
in
that
place
.
who
was
privy
to
the
design
,
applies
himself
to
an
Hostess
at
Chayermouth
,
and
,
amongst
other
discourses
,
told
her
that
he
was
servant
to
a
worthy
Nobleman
,
who
was
deeply
in
Love
with
a
Maid
that
had
neither
Father
nor
Mother
,
who
lived
not
far
off
,
and
was
as
much
in
Love
with
him
:
But
that
her
Guardian
opposing
the
Marriage
,
he
resolved
to
steal
her
away
by
Night
.
He
therefore
asks
her
,
if
she
would
for
some
hours
entertain
them
in
her
house
;
and
at
the
same
time
gives
her
a
small
Gift
as
a
pledge
of
a
greater
reward
,
and
drinks
a
Glass
of
Wine
with
her
.
The
woman
softned
by
the
present
,
and
touched
with
Compassion
for
the
young
Lady
,
promises
to
serve
them
.
Leaving
therefore
Trent
,
the
King
sets
out
towards
Chayermouth
,
with
Juliana
Conisbey
his
pretended
Bride
,
who
was
privy
to
the
matter
,
The
King
goes
thither
,
carrying
Juliana
Conisbey
with
him
as
his
Bride
.
riding
behind
him
upon
the
same
Horse
.
The
Lord
Wilmot
,
Colonel
Windham
,
and
Henry
Peters
accompany
them
;
and
were
met
by
Elden
,
who
carried
them
into
a
private
house
,
whither
he
went
under
pretext
of
viewing
a
little
Farm
:
Here
the
King's
Majesty
discovered
himself
unto
him
,
giving
him
a
small
present
as
an
earnest
of
future
Gratitude
.
From
thence
the
Merchant
goes
to
Lime
,
that
he
might
give
notice
to
the
Master
of
the
Ship
,
to
be
in
readiness
to
put
to
Sea
at
the
appointed
time
;
The
King
with
the
rest
went
to
their
Lodgings
at
Chayermouth
;
and
Peters
to
stay
for
the
Boat
.
But
having
waited
till
it
was
almost
day
,
he
returned
without
any
News
of
the
arrival
of
the
Boat
.
But
losing
hopes
of
a
Ship
,
he
presently
departs
This
put
them
all
into
disorder
;
and
made
them
think
of
taking
other
measures
,
there
was
no
safe
place
here
to
stay
in
;
and
the
King
was
resolved
not
to
loyter
a
moment
.
After
a
short
consultation
,
the
King
with
Juliana
,
and
the
Colonel
accompanying
them
,
advance
towards
Bridport
,
there
to
expect
the
coming
of
the
Lord
Wilmot
and
Peters
in
an
appointed
Inn.
Peters
being
to
go
to
Lime
to
learn
from
the
Merchant
the
reason
of
the
disappointment
:
And
Wilmot
staying
behind
in
the
Inn
,
upon
pretext
of
new
shooing
his
Horse
.
But
Elden
the
Merchant
,
who
thought
that
by
this
time
they
had
made
half
their
Voyage
,
could
not
imagine
the
reason
of
the
breach
of
promise
,
nor
could
he
attribute
it
to
any
thing
else
,
save
that
the
man
taking
his
leave
of
his
Friends
,
it
being
then
the
Market-day
at
Lime
,
had
drank
so
much
as
to
make
him
forget
the
prefixed
time
.
Why
the
Master
of
the
Vessel
failed
so
foully
.
But
it
was
known
afterward
,
that
the
Master
of
the
Vessel
being
come
home
,
to
take
clean
Cloaths
and
other
necessaries
for
his
Voyage
with
him
,
was
locked
up
in
his
Chamber
,
and
bolted
in
by
his
Wife
:
For
that
very
day
a
Proclamation
had
been
made
in
the
Town
,
whereby
it
was
declared
Death
for
any
Person
to
aid
or
conceal
the
King
;
and
a
thousand
Pounds
promised
to
any
that
could
apprehend
him
.
This
put
the
woman
into
so
great
fear
,
lest
her
Husband
in
doing
that
Office
,
which
he
had
confessed
to
his
Wife
to
have
taken
upon
him
,
might
suffer
Shipwrack
on
Shore
:
She
therefore
used
Entreaties
,
Tears
,
and
almost
Violence
,
to
hinder
him
from
it
;
and
at
length
screamed
out
,
thereby
to
allarm
the
Neighbourhood
.
Being
therefore
overcome
by
so
much
importunity
,
he
kept
at
home
,
and
committed
himself
to
the
direction
of
his
Wife
.
Upon
the
way
to
Bridport
Windham
went
a
little
before
the
King
,
to
view
the
Rode
;
They
came
to
Bridport
full
of
Soldiers
.
and
coming
near
the
Town
,
he
found
it
to
be
full
of
Soldiers
.
For
there
was
a
Muster
that
day
,
and
a
taking
on
of
Soldiers
,
for
an
Expedition
against
the
Isle
of
Jersey
,
under
Haines
.
Windham
was
therefore
for
the
Kings
going
to
another
place
,
but
he
laying
aside
all
fear
would
needs
enter
the
Town
,
lest
he
might
seem
to
have
deceived
Wilmot
,
and
partly
also
that
he
might
refresh
himself
,
tir'd
out
with
night-watching
and
travelling
,
and
wait
for
the
coming
of
Wilmot
.
The
Colonel
took
care
to
provide
a
Chamber
and
Victuals
;
which
was
no
easie
matter
to
be
done
amongst
so
many
Guests
.
The
King
,
in
the
mean
time
was
employed
in
carrying
the
Horses
into
the
Stable
,
and
looking
after
them
;
nor
could
he
avoid
talking
with
the
Soldiers
in
the
yard
about
his
Journey
.
Where
the
King
was
very
near
discovered
by
an
Hostler
.
But
the
Hostler
looking
him
in
the
face
as
he
deliver'd
him
the
Horses
,
told
him
,
You
are
welcome
,
I
know
you
very
well
.
Where
did
you
know
me
?
answered
the
King
.
At
Exeter
,
said
he
;
(
for
the
King
had
continued
long
there
during
the
heat
of
the
War
,
)
I
lived
two
years
in
an
Inn
there
.
And
so
did
I
,
replied
the
King
,
in
the
Service
of
Master
Porter
.
I
am
glad
I
have
met
with
a
Country-man
;
but
I
perceive
you
are
so
busie
that
you
have
no
time
to
drink
with
me
,
when
I
come
back
from
London
,
we
'll
talk
of
old
Stories
.
Being
pleased
with
these
promises
,
and
full
of
Business
,
or
God
Almighty
casting
a
Mist
before
his
Eyes
,
he
forbore
all
farther
discourse
.
Shortly
after
,
Wilmot
passing
through
the
Town
,
they
take
Horse
,
and
following
the
streight
Rode
to
London
,
they
met
with
several
Travellers
in
the
way
;
and
amongst
those
one
who
had
formerly
been
a
Servant
to
CHARLES
the
First
:
From
thence
,
as
good
luck
would
have
it
,
to
Broad-Windsor
.
Therefore
thinking
it
most
convenient
to
turn
out
of
the
Rode
,
they
followed
the
next
way
upon
the
left
hand
;
and
having
rid
a
long
time
,
towards
night
they
came
to
a
Village
called
Broad-windsor
.
Windham
goes
before
to
enquire
where
they
were
;
what
the
name
of
the
Village
was
,
and
whither
the
way
led
:
And
by
good
luck
he
stumbled
upon
an
Inn-keeper
an
old
Servant
of
his
own
,
who
had
been
also
a
Soldier
in
the
Kings
Army
,
pleased
with
this
good
Fortune
,
he
speaks
him
kindly
,
and
because
it
grew
dark
he
easily
obtained
Lodging
that
night
for
his
Company
.
However
it
was
not
long
before
the
Constable
came
with
forty
Soldiers
at
his
back
,
Where
he
is
disquieted
by
Soldiers
quartering
there
,
who
marching
to
the
Sea
Coast
to
be
transported
over
to
Jersey
,
must
be
quartered
there
.
The
House
being
pestered
with
them
,
the
Kings
Majesty
had
but
a
very
narrow
Lodging
,
yet
that
was
not
all
the
inconvenience
.
For
about
midnight
a
Woman
that
followed
the
Soldiers
fell
into
Labour
:
Which
being
noised
about
,
the
People
of
the
Village
flock'd
together
,
and
kept
a
bawling
and
heavy
rout
about
the
keeping
of
the
Child
and
Mother
,
which
continued
till
break
of
day
,
And
the
Country
People
.
when
the
Soldiers
,
weary
of
the
jangle
,
hastened
to
their
Ships
.
During
the
hubbub
,
let
us
look
back
a
little
to
Chayremouth
,
where
the
Shoeing
of
a
Horse
went
near
to
have
cost
the
Lord
Wilmot
dear
,
Wilmot
is
in
danger
at
Chayremouth
,
by
a
discourse
started
betwixt
the
Smith
and
the
Hostler
.
The
Smith
asking
,
From
whence
came
these
Gentlemen
?
From
Exeter
,
as
they
say
,
answered
the
Hostler
.
Vpon
a
suspition
occasioned
by
his
Horses
Shoes
.
To
whom
the
Smith
replied
,
but
I
dare
swear
these
last
Shoes
were
put
on
in
the
North.
All
other
circumstances
being
considered
;
to
wit
,
that
the
Saddles
were
not
taken
off
in
the
night
time
,
that
,
though
Travellers
,
they
had
sat
up
all
night
,
and
that
the
Servant
went
out
of
the
Inn
early
in
the
morning
,
they
presently
conclude
that
they
were
Persons
of
Quality
,
who
flying
,
after
the
late
Worcester
fight
,
had
wandered
thither
,
The
Hostler
consults
the
Minister
of
the
place
,
and
that
perhaps
the
King
was
amongst
them
.
So
that
the
Hostler
,
hoping
to
make
his
Fortune
,
went
to
consult
the
Minister
of
the
place
,
one
Westley
a
great
stickler
for
the
Regicides
,
what
he
had
best
to
do
on
this
occasion
.
But
neither
was
it
fit
to
disturb
him
at
his
Morning
Prayers
;
nor
durst
the
Hostler
stay
till
they
were
winded
out
,
for
fear
of
losing
the
Vails
he
expected
from
the
Gentleman
that
was
upon
parting
,
and
therefore
returning
,
Who
having
seriously
weighed
the
matter
,
without
any
thing
done
,
he
lets
him
go
.
The
Smith
having
blazed
about
the
story
,
presently
came
the
Minister
,
solicitously
enquiring
of
the
Inn-keeper
,
what
the
Travellers
were
that
he
had
lodged
that
night
;
from
whence
they
came
,
whither
they
were
going
,
and
what
was
their
Business
there
?
His
suspicion
being
encreased
by
the
Inn-keeper's
answers
,
he
runs
to
Butler
,
the
next
Colonel
,
for
obtaining
a
Warrant
to
raise
the
Countrey
and
Soldiers
for
apprehending
the
King
.
He
hunts
after
the
King
,
tho
too
late
,
The
Colonel
refusing
,
Captain
Massey
,
quartered
hard
by
,
having
gathered
together
as
many
Horse
as
he
could
in
the
hurry
,
follows
after
on
the
London
Rode
as
far
as
Dorchester
;
but
the
King
,
dy
divine
Providence
,
having
quitted
the
Rode
,
he
returned
disappointed
of
his
fair
hopes
.
Especially
in
Sir
Hugh
Windham
's
house
.
This
set
all
the
Soldiers
about
a
working
,
who
search
all
places
and
suspected
houses
,
especially
that
of
Sir
Hugh
Windham
,
Uncle
to
the
Colonel
,
where
they
left
not
a
Chest
nor
corner
unsearched
,
and
having
made
the
whole
Family
Prisoners
,
they
will
needs
have
a
young
Lady
of
extraordinary
Beauty
and
Parts
to
be
the
King
in
disguise
;
nor
did
they
let
her
go
,
till
by
an
undoubted
experiment
they
had
found
out
her
Sex
.
The
King's
steps
,
however
,
are
to
be
traced
by
a
surer
Guide
.
The
King
returns
to
Trent
having
sent
Wilmot
to
Coventry
.
For
after
mature
deliberation
,
it
was
resolved
upon
,
that
he
should
return
to
his
known
recess
at
Trent
;
and
that
the
Lord
Wilmot
with
Peters
should
hasten
to
Salisbury
,
that
there
he
might
advise
with
John
Coventry
,
the
eldest
Son
of
the
Lord
Keeper
Coventry
by
a
second
Marriage
,
by
what
means
the
King
might
either
securely
pass
the
Seas
,
or
at
least
find
a
new
retirement
;
for
it
was
to
be
feared
lest
staying
too
long
in
one
place
,
he
might
be
discovered
.
After
a
consultation
with
Coventry
,
application
is
made
to
one
Mrs.
Hide
,
a
Widow
,
who
lived
at
a
Village
called
Heal
,
within
a
mile
of
Salisbury
,
that
she
would
look
out
for
a
lurking
place
;
and
Robert
Philips
,
who
had
been
a
Colonel
in
the
Army
of
CHARLES
the
First
,
is
sent
to
Southampton
to
freight
a
Vessel
.
He
,
returning
from
thence
,
A
ship
freighted
at
Southampton
,
but
without
Success
.
assured
them
that
a
Ship
and
all
things
necessary
were
in
readiness
for
a
Transportation
.
But
it
fell
out
unluckily
,
that
the
same
Ship
,
whilst
the
King
was
going
to
the
Widows
House
,
was
taken
up
,
and
engaged
to
carry
over
Soldiers
and
Ammunition
to
the
Isle
of
Jersey
.
Philips
being
therefore
disappointed
of
his
hopes
,
begs
assistance
of
Colonel
Gunter
,
whom
he
met
with
by
chance
,
in
that
affair
.
The
King
g●es
to
Heal.
The
King
in
the
mean
time
came
to
the
Widows
House
in
the
night
time
,
and
goes
to
Supper
,
Doctor
Henchman
,
afterward
Bishop
of
Salisbury
,
with
other
Guests
,
sitting
with
him
at
Table
.
After
Supper
,
he
privately
disclosed
himself
to
the
Widow
,
and
entreated
shelter
from
her
;
and
though
she
had
never
seen
him
before
but
once
,
and
that
seven
years
before
in
passing
,
yet
at
first
sight
she
knew
him
.
She
therefore
advises
him
early
in
the
morning
to
depart
towards
London
,
but
having
turned
out
of
the
way
,
to
come
back
about
one
of
the
Clock
in
the
afternoon
,
at
what
time
he
should
by
a
back
door
be
let
into
the
House
;
for
that
being
a
Market
day
at
Salisbury
,
and
all
her
Servants
and
other
Witnesses
being
gone
thither
by
her
permission
,
she
her self
would
let
him
in
.
The
thing
was
accordingly
done
:
For
the
King
and
Colonel
Philips
,
taking
formally
leave
of
the
Mistress
of
the
House
,
mounted
on
Horseback
,
Having
taken
leave
in
the
morning
,
he
returns
●ack
,
without
the
knowledge
of
the
Servants
,
and
is
hid
.
and
go
to
see
Stonehenge
;
but
at
the
appointed
hour
returned
back
again
;
here
the
Colonel
carrying
away
the
Horses
,
the
King
is
hid
in
a
secret
place
,
which
had
been
made
in
the
time
of
the
War
,
for
securing
of
Jewels
and
Goods
of
greatest
value
.
In
the
mean
time
,
by
means
of
Colonel
Gunter
,
a
Vessel
was
hired
at
Bright-helmstead
in
Sussex
;
which
so
soon
as
the
King
knew
,
all
things
being
in
a
readiness
for
a
departure
,
his
Majesty
in
good
earnest
takes
leave
of
the
Lady
,
From
thence
he
hastens
to
Bright-Helmstead
,
Gunter
having
hired
a
Vessel
;
and
in
the
night
time
,
accompanied
by
Colonel
Philips
,
he
removed
to
the
house
of
one
Simmons
,
near
Portsmouth
,
and
came
next
day
in
the
Evening
to
an
Inn
at
Bright-helmstead
;
where
all
sit
down
at
Table
together
,
the
King
,
Gunter
,
Wilmot
,
Mansel
a
Merchant
,
and
Tetershal
Master
of
the
Vessel
,
opposite
to
the
King
.
The
Master
of
the
Vessel
,
Where
at
Supper
he
is
known
,
by
the
Master
of
the
Bark
.
rising
from
Supper
,
called
the
Merchant
aside
,
and
expostulated
with
him
for
having
deceived
him
,
in
recommending
the
King
to
him
,
instead
of
another
person
pretended
.
The
Merchant
confidently
denies
it
,
and
urges
him
to
be
as
good
as
his
word
.
But
he
affirmed
that
he
knew
him
for
certain
to
be
the
King
,
though
in
a
mean
and
ordinary
habit
he
past
for
a
Servant
,
and
that
he
remembred
him
very
well
since
the
time
that
at
his
own
and
others
intercession
,
he
had
cleared
a
Fleet
of
Colliers
bound
thither
from
New-Castle
,
which
were
stopt
in
the
Downs
.
Nor
indeed
could
,
or
ought
the
Merchant
be
ignorant
of
the
Proclamation
,
whereby
it
was
declared
Death
for
any
one
to
receive
him
into
house
or
habour
,
Who
being
afraid
of
the
Parliaments
Proclamation
,
and
the
large
reward
of
a
Thousand
Pounds
,
promised
to
him
that
could
discover
and
apprehend
him
.
Mansel
perceiving
that
the
man
understood
the
design
;
immediately
addresses
himself
to
the
King
,
who
being
informed
of
the
humour
and
honesty
of
the
Master
,
With
diffiulty
undertakes
the
thing
,
his
Majesty
and
Wilmot
ply
him
with
promises
,
and
give
him
a
considerable
Freight
in
hand
.
Whereupon
,
promising
to
be
faithful
unto
them
,
he
departs
to
make
all
things
ready
for
their
passage
.
The
Vessel
lay
at
Shoram
four
Miles
from
thence
,
as
yet
half
laden
with
Coals
,
which
he
had
not
sold
,
most
of
the
Seamen
being
at
Bright-helmstead
:
Those
he
knocks
up
in
the
night
time
,
bidding
them
make
haste
to
the
Vessel
,
which
having
slipt
its
Anchors
was
at
drift
,
and
might
be
stranded
or
cast
away
upon
the
Rocks
,
that
he
himself
would
presently
follow
after
.
In
the
mean
time
he
orders
his
Wife
to
go
and
buy
a
Bottle
of
Brandy
,
and
another
of
Sack
,
and
to
give
him
clean
Cloaths
to
take
along
with
him
.
But
why
so
late
in
the
night
?
His
Wife
,
who
smelt
it
out
,
●ncouraging
him
to
the
bus●ness
.
said
she
;
would
it
not
do
as
well
in
the
morning
?
He
still
urging
her
,
and
cutting
off
all
delays
,
It
's
the
King
,
said
the
Woman
,
whom
I
suspect
you
are
to
carry
over
:
Pray
God
you
may
carry
him
safe
,
though
I
and
my
small
Children
should
for
ever
after
go
a
Begging
.
The
Inn-keeper
also
being
by
that
time
got
drunk
,
and
addressing
himself
to
the
King
,
took
his
hand
and
kissed
it
,
saying
,
Who
you
are
,
whence
you
come
,
or
whither
you
are
going
,
I
know
not
;
yet
I
pray
God
he
may
bless
and
preserve
you
:
If
I
guess
aright
,
I
shall
be
an
Earl
,
and
my
Wife
a
Countess
.
And
the
Truth
is
,
some
discovered
it
was
the
King
,
so
that
presently
after
his
escape
,
the
News
of
it
was
whispered
all
about
the
Countrey
.
The
hour
of
departure
approaching
,
they
take
Horse
and
go
to
the
Shore
,
Being
got
on
board
they
coast
along
the
Shore
,
as
bound
for
the
Isle
of
Wight
.
the
Master
pretending
that
they
were
Merchants
of
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
that
had
bought
the
rest
of
the
Coals
,
and
that
they
were
to
carry
them
thither
.
About
five
in
the
morning
they
went
on
Board
,
and
spent
a
great
part
of
the
day
coasting
along
the
Shore
.
Towards
Sun
setting
the
Master
stands
off
,
as
directing
his
course
towards
the
Isle
of
Wight
.
But
Wilmot
,
who
appeared
to
be
the
chief
Passenger
,
as
if
his
mind
had
changed
with
the
Wind
,
after
a
little
squabble
with
the
Master
in
presence
of
the
Seamen
,
as
it
had
been
agreed
upon
,
altered
his
bargain
,
and
,
instead
of
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
ordered
him
to
run
over
to
France
;
In
the
Evening
they
arrive
in
Normandy
.
so
that
in
the
dusk
of
the
Evening
,
they
arrived
at
Fern
,
an
inconsiderable
Port
in
Normandy
,
and
at
length
gained
the
much
longed
for
Shore
.
The
King
very
skilful
in
Navigation
.
During
the
passage
,
the
Master
wondered
that
his
Majesty
understood
their
course
better
than
he
himself
did
.
Nor
is
it
to
be
omitted
,
what
an
ignorant
Seaman
wittily
blurted
out
by
chance
.
The
King
,
whilst
the
Vessel
was
under
Sail
,
sitting
with
the
Master
in
the
Cabin
,
the
fellow
coming
in
,
claps
down
by
them
,
and
blows
the
Smoke
of
his
Tobacco
in
his
face
:
At
which
the
Master
being
vexed
,
bid
him
begone
quickly
,
and
not
trouble
the
Gentleman
with
his
Smoke
.
The
fellow
rising
to
go
out
,
in
Dudgeon
made
answer
,
That
a
Cat
might
look
upon
a
King
;
a
common
Proverb
in
England
.
Now
was
the
King's
Majesty
safely
landed
in
France
,
where
rendring
first
thanks
to
Almighty
God
,
the
Protector
and
Avenger
of
all
Kings
,
Lord
of
the
Earth
and
Sea
,
who
stills
the
raging
of
the
Winds
and
Waves
,
He
professes
much
gratitude
to
the
Master
,
and
kindly
invites
him
to
stay
with
him
,
and
share
in
his
Fortune
.
But
he
,
wishing
his
Majesty
all
Prosperity
and
Happiness
,
chose
rather
,
with
danger
,
The
Master
of
the
Vessel
being
kindly
dismissed
arrives
the
same
night
at
Pool
.
to
return
home
to
his
Wife
and
Children
.
He
therefore
puts
out
to
Sea
again
,
and
the
Wind
presently
turning
,
he
came
the
same
night
to
Pool
,
a
Port
in
Dorcetshire
,
and
there
sold
his
Coals
.
But
the
King
arriving
at
Rouen
,
applies
himself
to
Sambourn
and
Parker
,
English
Merchants
,
who
provide
his
Majesty
with
new
Cloathes
,
The
King
having
changed
his
Cloathes
at
Rouen
,
dividing
his
old
ones
betwixt
themselves
,
to
be
kept
as
Holy
Relicts
.
Doctor
Earl
,
since
Bishop
of
Worcester
,
formerly
one
of
his
Majesties
Chaplains
,
living
then
at
Rouen
,
came
to
pay
him
a
Visit
;
but
at
first
sight
knew
him
not
,
Where
by
chance
he
found
Doctor
Earle
,
whether
it
was
that
the
smuttiness
of
his
Face
,
or
the
want
of
Hair
had
eclipsed
his
Majestick
looks
,
or
that
the
amazement
of
the
unexpected
sight
dulled
the
Doctors
eye-sight
:
It
is
certain
,
that
he
sought
Charles
in
Charles
,
until
taking
a
fuller
view
of
his
Sacred
Countenance
,
his
Joys
grew
more
certain
,
and
falling
down
and
embracing
the
Knees
of
his
dearest
Master
,
he
begg'd
pardon
that
he
had
not
sooner
performed
that
Duty
,
and
burst
out
in
Tears
of
obsequious
Joy
.
Next
day
,
the
News
being
already
carried
to
Paris
,
the
Queen
of
England
,
He
goes
to
Paris
;
and
Duke
of
Orleans
,
with
a
great
Train
of
Nobility
,
went
out
to
meet
and
welcome
his
Majesty
,
and
introduced
him
into
the
City
amidst
the
Applauses
of
the
People
.
All
desire
to
see
and
embrace
him
whom
Providence
had
preserved
to
be
the
Ornament
and
delight
of
Mankind
,
praying
from
their
hearts
,
that
God
would
still
keep
and
defend
him
for
the
hope
and
support
of
England
,
and
bless
him
with
all
Blessings
.
Thus
he
escaped
safe
out
of
the
Snares
of
his
Enemies
,
by
whose
means
since
we
English-men
have
all
triumphed
over
our
Enemies
;
over
whose
Sacred
Head
had
not
the
Angels
kept
Guard
,
Whose
safely
was
an
illustrious
Testimony
of
Divine
Providence
.
it
had
certainly
perished
.
That
amongst
so
many
men
of
mean
Condition
,
of
so
contrary
Religions
,
amongst
so
many
Women
,
naturally
given
to
babling
,
and
so
many
timorous
People
,
who
were
frightned
at
the
very
name
of
Death
,
and
,
in
a
word
,
that
amongst
so
many
broken
and
indigent
persons
,
to
whom
a
great
reward
could
not
but
be
acceptable
,
no
body
during
the
space
of
two
Months
ever
betray'd
him
;
is
certainly
(
if
ever
there
was
any
)
an
amazing
work
of
the
Hand
and
Providence
of
God
.
And
this
alone
might
have
been
sufficient
,
to
confound
the
Arrogance
of
Rebels
,
who
so
often
boasted
of
Providence
;
and
to
teach
all
Worldlings
,
by
an
invincible
Argument
,
how
dear
to
God
the
safety
of
his
Anointed
is
.
After
the
defeat
of
Worcester
,
Cromwel
in
a
Triumphant
manner
made
his
entry
into
London
,
Cromwell
,
having
sent
the
Prisoners
before
,
comes
to
London
.
having
sent
before
him
five
thousand
Prisoners
;
who
being
sufficiently
exposed
to
the
Scoffs
and
derision
of
the
People
,
are
either
clapt
up
in
Prisons
,
or
sent
to
the
New
World
,
there
to
drudge
in
the
Sugar
Mills
.
In
the
mean
time
Monck
,
who
was
deservedly
afterwards
Created
Duke
of
Albermarle
,
being
made
General
of
the
English
Forces
,
to
the
number
of
six
thousand
,
Sterling
Castle
surrendered
to
Monck
.
which
Cromwell
had
left
behind
him
in
Scotland
,
attacques
Sterling-Castle
,
and
takes
it
by
surrender
,
with
all
the
Guns
,
Ammunition
,
much
Provision
,
five
thousand
Arms
,
the
Registers
,
Coffers
,
Jewels
,
and
several
Monuments
and
Relicks
of
Kings
,
together
with
that
lofty
Inscription
,
Nobis
haec
invicta
dedere
,
centum
sex
proavi
;
Colonel
Alured
surprised
and
took
the
Aged
Earl
of
Levin
,
the
Earl
of
Crawford-Lindsey
,
Noblemen
taken
by
Alured
.
Lord
Ogilby
,
and
many
other
Noblemen
,
whilst
they
were
met
for
raising
of
Soldiers
at
Ellet
,
a
Town
in
Pearthshire
;
Sir
Philip
Musgrave
also
,
the
Provost
of
St.
Johnstone
,
and
others
,
being
about
the
same
business
,
are
taken
at
Dumfrise
.
But
Dundee
,
because
it
had
the
boldness
to
hold
out
,
Dundee
was
a
prey
to
the
Conquerour
.
was
stormed
and
taken
by
assault
,
and
the
whole
Town
left
to
the
mercy
of
the
Soldiers
,
who
kill'd
and
plunder'd
all
they
found
.
Aberdeen
,
and
other
Towns
and
Forts
,
being
warned
by
this
sad
example
,
of
their
own
accord
yielded
to
the
Enemy
.
A
little
after
the
Marquess
of
Argile
,
All
Scotland
in
the
power
of
the
English
,
who
strengthen
themselves
by
new
Citadels
.
made
a
shew
of
maintaining
the
Interest
of
the
Kingdom
,
as
also
the
Highlanders
,
but
,
having
obtained
indifferent
good
Conditions
,
they
also
yield
,
and
submit
their
necks
to
the
English
Yoke
.
Afterward
four
Citadels
are
built
,
strong
both
by
Art
and
Situation
,
to
which
,
by
Sea
,
men
and
Provisions
might
easily
be
transported
from
England
;
to
wit
,
at
Air
,
Innerness
,
St.
Johnston
,
and
Leith
;
besides
Sterling
Castle
,
standing
on
the
Brow
of
a
Hill
,
and
Edingburrough
Castle
,
which
we
described
before
.
Nay
in
every
County
they
keep
a
Garison
in
some
Castle
or
other
,
that
if
any
new
Rebellion
should
arise
,
they
might
have
opportunity
to
suppress
it
where-ever
it
happened
in
Scotland
.
Nor
could
the
main
Land
of
Scotland
put
bounds
to
the
Victory
of
the
English
,
And
subdue
Orkney
and
the
Isles
.
who
slighting
the
dangers
of
those
raging
and
voracious
Seas
,
carry
their
Victories
over
to
the
Isles
,
Orkney
and
Shetland
.
But
as
when
the
Serpent
is
bruised
in
the
Head
,
he
often
threatens
with
his
Tail
;
so
the
Marquess
of
Huntley
,
Earls
of
Glencairn
and
Athol
,
The
Scots
rise
,
but
in
vain
.
Midleton
,
and
others
,
stir
the
Embers
,
and
raise
new
flames
of
a
War
.
But
Morgan
easily
reduced
them
,
having
,
before
they
could
joyn
,
routed
the
chief
of
them
.
Henceforward
,
they
who
had
been
accustomed
to
be
most
unruly
and
disobedient
,
when
occasion
of
Kicking
offered
,
are
fain
to
bite
upon
the
Bit
,
and
upon
capitulation
promise
to
live
quietly
for
the
future
.
The
administration
of
civil
Affairs
in
Scotland
,
by
Judges
for
the
most
part
English
;
Now
are
Judicatures
and
Courts
of
Justices
opened
in
Scotland
,
for
which
end
,
amongst
other
Itinerary
Judges
,
are
sent
from
England
,
George
Smith
,
John
Marss
,
Edward
Moseley
,
to
whom
were
added
of
the
Scots
,
the
Lord
Craighall
,
Lockhart
,
and
Swinton
,
not
to
be
forgotten
.
A
Council
of
State
is
also
made
up
of
English
,
not
of
the
best
Quality
,
And
a
Council
of
State
.
who
were
matched
by
some
Scots
mingled
with
them
;
nay
in
every
Shire
a
Meeting
is
called
,
wherein
,
renouncing
the
King
,
they
are
obliged
to
subscribe
to
the
English
Government
,
and
to
unite
into
one
Common-wealth
with
the
English
.
And
at
length
they
are
commanded
to
send
thirty
Commissioners
to
the
Parliament
of
England
.
Nor
is
it
to
be
denyed
but
that
they
were
English
,
Thirty
Commissioners
from
thence
allowed
to
sit
and
Vote
in
the
Parliament
of
England
.
though
from
Scotland
,
who
were
appointed
to
that
Office
,
except
the
Marquess
of
Argile
and
Laird
of
Swinton
,
which
two
were
the
only
Scots
that
hearded
themselves
into
that
Parliament
.
The
use
of
Arms
is
likewise
denyed
to
that
Nation
,
nay
and
of
Horses
also
,
except
only
for
some
necessary
ends
and
uses
.
Besides
,
their
Commerce
and
Negotiations
with
Foreigners
are
narrowly
observed
,
lest
under
that
pretext
they
might
hatch
mischief
against
the
Common-wealth
of
England
.
So
much
they
got
by
disturbing
the
quiet
of
England
,
The
Scots
had
what
they
deserved
.
and
by
medling
in
the
stirs
and
troubles
of
others
;
nay
,
and
by
being
the
Authors
of
the
innumerable
Calamities
which
we
suffered
.
So
they
fell
into
the
Pit
that
they
dug
for
us
,
and
were
taken
in
the
Snares
which
they
had
laid
for
the
Innocent
;
nor
was
there
any
hopes
of
a
Deliverer
,
or
an
Avenger
,
till
God
should
think
fit
to
look
down
from
his
Mountain
,
and
having
chastised
the
perverseness
of
the
People
,
have
Mercy
upon
them
.
But
so
much
for
Scotland
;
Hains
subdues
Jersey
.
let
us
therefore
leave
it
,
and
return
to
matters
that
properly
concern
our selves
.
Jersey
must
now
come
upon
the
Stage
,
for
the
subduing
whereof
,
Hains
,
with
great
preparations
of
Soldiers
,
and
all
things
necessary
,
is
empowred
;
who
,
passing
over
thither
with
about
seventy
sail
of
Ships
,
great
and
small
,
for
three
days
space
was
beat
off
from
several
places
of
the
Island
,
by
Sir
George
Cartright
Governour
of
the
Island
,
since
deservedly
,
Vnder
Chamberlain
of
the
King's
Houshold
,
though
sooner
than
was
expected
,
he
afterward
obtained
the
Victory
:
For
making
a
descent
in
the
night
time
,
and
Bovil
,
who
commanded
the
Cavalier
Party
,
doing
his
utmost
to
hinder
the
Enemies
Landing
,
being
killed
in
the
first
Encounter
;
the
rest
,
seized
with
a
sudden
fear
and
Consternation
,
are
put
to
flight
.
The
Inhabitants
after
that
,
submitted
to
the
will
and
pleasure
of
their
new
Masters
;
Elizabeth
Castle
also
standing
upon
a
Rock
,
and
at
high
water
encompassed
by
the
Sea
,
being
battered
and
torn
with
great
Guns
and
Mortar-Peeces
,
one
of
which
was
so
fatal
,
as
at
one
blow
to
kill
or
mangle
eight
and
forty
Soldiers
,
after
two
Months
siege
capitulates
,
upon
Condition
,
that
the
Governour
and
Garison
with
Bag
and
Baggage
should
have
liberty
to
pass
over
into
France
.
The
Isle
of
Mann
also
tak●n
.
Next
follows
the
Isle
of
Mann
,
this
place
,
though
defended
by
Feminine
Valour
,
to
wit
,
by
the
Countess
of
Derby
,
yet
vied
so
much
in
honour
with
men
,
that
it
was
doubtful
,
whether
,
in
the
Royal
Cause
,
Sir
George
Cartright
,
or
she
,
fell
the
last
Victim
under
the
Hands
of
the
Traytors
.
An
Act
of
Oblivion
passes
All
the
Provinces
thus
subdued
,
an
Act
of
Oblivion
passes
,
whereby
the
memory
of
what
was
past
being
abolished
,
all
Crimes
whatsoever
are
pardoned
.
But
this
was
hampered
with
so
many
Limitations
,
Restrictions
,
Exceptions
,
and
ensnaring
Clauses
,
that
there
was
little
hopes
for
true
Penitents
to
expect
any
good
from
it
.
But
such
,
But
not
without
the
instance
of
Cromwell
.
however
,
as
it
was
,
Cromwell
alone
was
to
be
thanked
for
it
,
by
him
chiefly
it
was
proposed
,
and
by
his
means
and
endeavours
it
past
in
the
Rump-Parliament
,
that
,
by
so
doing
,
he
might
by
a
shew
of
kindness
claw
the
suffering
and
vanquished
People
,
and
at
the
same
time
heap
hatred
and
indignation
upon
the
Heads
of
his
fellow
Traytors
.
For
now
,
forsooth
,
it
was
time
to
put
an
end
to
Rapine
and
Violence
.
Did
they
take
so
much
pleasure
in
undoing
Estates
,
and
ruining
Families
?
There
was
enough
allowed
to
anger
and
revenge
:
That
it
was
altogether
fit
to
shew
Clemency
and
Mercy
to
the
Guilty
,
who
having
sufficiently
payed
for
their
faults
,
now
at
length
sued
for
pardon
.
The
Soldiers
displeased
with
the
Rump
.
But
the
hatred
and
animosities
betwixt
the
Rump
and
the
Soldiers
,
the
Seeds
whereof
had
been
long
ago
sown
,
though
during
the
common
danger
they
appeared
not
,
began
now
to
show
themselves
,
and
,
after
long
and
mutual
grudges
,
to
break
out
into
Flames
,
and
to
devour
one
another
.
So
rare
a
thing
it
is
for
Thieves
and
Robbers
,
to
agree
long
together
.
The
Soldiers
object
,
Which
with
these
Crimes
they
load
,
that
these
men
did
for
ever
appropriate
to
themselves
and
their
Friends
all
places
of
Honour
and
Command
,
barring
all
others
from
any
share
with
them
;
and
that
under
colour
of
the
publick
good
,
they
divided
amongst
themselves
all
profitable
Offices
,
without
any
regard
to
the
Publick
.
For
what
end
had
they
taken
Arms
against
the
King
?
exposed
their
lives
to
so
many
dangers
,
ript
up
the
bowels
of
their
Country-men
and
friends
?
Did
they
bring
the
King
to
the
Block
,
(
for
in
that
execrable
Villany
they
triumphed
)
that
they
might
only
settle
them
in
their
Seats
,
so
as
they
might
securely
live
at
their
ease
for
ever
,
and
,
right
or
wrong
,
domineer
over
all
without
any
distinction
,
and
Murder
and
Sacrifice
to
their
own
private
Lust
or
Revenge
,
as
many
Subjects
as
they
pleased
?
Away
with
it
,
say
they
,
it
were
better
to
return
to
the
old
way
of
Government
,
Raise
King
CHARLES
from
the
Dead
,
and
submit
to
his
Rule
,
seeing
it
was
known
that
he
followed
the
Laws
,
and
accordingly
squared
the
administration
of
his
Government
.
They
therefore
earnestly
desire
,
That
at
length
an
end
might
be
put
to
the
Parliament
,
a
new
and
fair
Representative
chosen
by
the
good
people
,
and
that
the
Laws
might
be
reformed
;
besides
the
many
other
things
which
had
already
so
often
cloyed
them
with
Petitions
.
The
goodly
Warriours
made
these
specious
demands
,
As
minding
onely
their
own
advantages
,
not
out
of
a
pure
zeal
for
the
Publick
good
;
but
that
having
baulked
them
,
by
determining
their
Authority
,
they
themselves
might
have
their
turn
in
the
Government
;
hoping
that
by
branding
them
with
these
reproachful
Characters
,
they
would
at
length
be
fain
to
put
the
Power
into
their
hands
.
The
Objections
are
boldly
enough
answered
.
On
the
other
hand
the
Rump-Members
,
Magisterially
grave
,
by
a
long
possession
of
Authority
,
bid
the
Soldiers
mind
their
own
Affairs
,
look
to
their
Arms
,
and
obey
Orders
,
that
they
,
to
whom
the
care
of
the
Common-wealth
was
committed
,
and
the
business
of
settling
a
new
Government
,
having
long
laboured
in
the
Affair
,
with
no
small
Progress
,
would
at
length
by
the
help
of
God
bring
it
to
perfection
.
They
bid
them
have
a
care
,
in
the
mean
time
,
that
they
make
no
Tumults
,
seeing
they
who
had
pulled
a
King
from
his
Throne
,
wanted
neither
Resolution
nor
Force
to
reduce
into
order
licentious
Souldiers
,
though
milder
courses
were
more
pleasant
to
them
.
The
Soldiers
reply
.
But
the
Soldiers
disdaining
that
they
should
be
thought
pragmatical
,
and
medlers
in
Affairs
that
did
not
belong
unto
them
,
answer
those
State-Advisers
,
That
they
were
not
Mercenary
Soldiers
,
nor
had
not
taken
up
Arms
only
in
Prospect
of
pay
,
but
for
maintenance
of
the
Publick
Liberty
,
neither
would
they
lay
them
down
till
they
found
the
common
Fruit
of
their
endeavours
.
That
they
ought
not
to
boast
of
putting
the
King
to
Death
,
(
so
they
mutually
gloried
in
that
Horrid
Villany
)
since
they
onely
stood
by
,
as
in
Disguise
and
Masquerade
;
but
that
they
by
their
Valour
,
and
at
their
own
Peril
,
accomplished
the
thing
,
at
the
mention
of
which
they
would
have
started
,
had
they
not
been
encouraged
,
and
set
on
by
men
of
the
Sword
.
The
Rump
,
therefore
,
being
now
more
afraid
of
their
Servants
and
idle
Soldiers
,
than
formerly
of
the
Royal
Enemy
,
endeavour
by
all
ways
to
reduce
them
to
Obedience
,
or
at
least
fairly
to
dismiss
and
disband
them
,
Of
whom
therefore
the
Rump
,
under
another
pretence
,
order
a
great
part
to
be
disbanded
.
but
still
under
another
pretence
,
alledging
that
the
Commonwealth
was
not
able
to
entertain
so
many
idle
and
lazy
Soldiers
.
Wherefore
,
under
colour
of
lessening
the
Charges
of
the
Publick
,
they
pass
an
Act
for
Disbanding
part
of
the
Army
,
and
the
rest
to
have
but
half
pay
,
and
to
be
divided
and
separated
in
several
Countries
;
that
at
once
they
might
secure
themselves
against
the
attempts
of
the
Cavaliers
,
and
take
from
their
own
Souldiers
all
opportunity
of
making
Innovations
.
The
Soldiers
smell
out
the
design
,
and
it
prickt
them
to
the
heart
,
that
they
were
now
to
be
cast
down
from
that
height
,
from
whence
they
received
plentiful
incomes
,
and
almost
shared
in
the
Government
:
They
take
it
very
ill
to
be
cut
short
of
their
pay
,
of
their
domineering
,
after
their
accustomed
manner
,
in
the
Countries
,
and
of
making
their
own
advantages
in
suppressing
the
beginnings
of
Sedition
.
Therefore
the
Officers
refuse
to
be
disbanded
,
reciprocally
pretending
the
Publick
good
.
The
Soldiers
refusing
,
and
demanding
a
new
Representative
,
They
also
frame
a
Petition
,
such
as
they
had
formerly
presented
,
with
proposals
much
to
the
same
effect
,
and
desire
a
speedier
answer
;
nor
would
they
lay
down
their
Arms
,
before
the
remnant
of
the
old
Parliament
being
abolish'd
,
a
Representative
were
lawfully
chosen
,
and
that
for
the
greater
expedition
,
An
equal
numb●r
of
both
consult
in
common
,
some
of
the
Officers
of
the
Army
,
as
Commissioners
,
should
be
admitted
into
the
House
,
or
at
least
sit
and
debate
about
the
Proposals
with
the
Members
of
Parliament
.
The
Rump
condescending
to
this
,
twelve
of
each
party
meet
and
consult
in
common
:
Where
,
Oliver
St
Johns
,
more
skilful
than
the
rest
in
the
Common
Law
,
But
without
any
Fruit.
raising
scruples
,
and
perplexing
matters
that
were
clear
in
themselves
,
so
confounded
the
Rude
Soldiers
,
that
about
one
word
,
they
spent
above
two
Months
.
These
Proposals
were
also
debated
in
the
Rump
:
The
Rumpers
are
divided
about
the
manner
of
the
Representative
,
but
since
it
would
be
tedious
to
mention
all
of
them
,
I
shall
briefly
,
onely
relate
with
what
sharpness
and
quite
opposite
Opinions
they
clashed
about
the
Representative
.
Some
were
for
shaping
it
after
this
manner
,
some
after
another
,
and
some
after
none
at
all
.
The
Presbyterians
,
who
were
but
few
in
number
,
are
for
having
it
conform
to
the
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
,
a
strict
and
previous
Inquisition
being
made
into
the
Manners
and
Religion
of
the
men
.
The
Vtopians
dreamt
of
,
I
know
not
what
Olygarchy
made
up
of
the
Godlier
Party
,
winnowed
and
sifted
to
the
highest
Purity
.
Others
were
for
a
kind
of
Circulation
,
that
every
one
successively
and
in
course
might
have
their
turns
in
the
Government
.
And
about
the
Time
;
Besides
there
was
no
less
strife
about
the
Time
.
Some
thought
it
very
dangerous
,
nay
,
without
doubt
fatal
,
to
assign
any
day
of
dissolution
,
and
to
introduce
a
new
Representative
.
Not
willing
to
give
the
Power
rashly
out
of
their
own
hands
.
Others
would
have
no
such
change
to
be
made
,
but
every
third
,
fourth
,
or
fifth
year
.
But
those
who
were
in
Power
,
think
it
safest
,
that
new
Members
should
be
chosen
in
place
of
those
that
died
or
were
turned
out
.
And
most
Votes
agreed
in
this
;
which
they
forthwith
enacted
,
though
the
night
before
they
had
privately
promised
the
contrary
to
the
Officers
,
to
wit
that
they
would
model
a
new
Representative
.
Cromwell
flying
to
the
House
,
and
objecting
to
them
Misdemeanours
and
other
horrid
Crimes
,
So
soon
as
Cromwell
heard
of
that
,
he
hastens
to
the
Parliament
House
,
ordering
ten
or
twelve
Soldiers
to
follow
him
,
and
stay
for
him
at
the
door
.
He
himself
,
accompanied
only
with
Fleetwood
,
entring
in
:
To
this
purpose
spake
to
the
Speaker
:
You
have
sufficiently
imposed
upon
the
People
,
and
provided
for
your selves
and
Relations
;
you
have
long
cheated
the
Country
,
by
your
sitting
here
under
pretext
of
settling
the
Commonwealth
,
reforming
the
Laws
,
and
procuring
the
Common
Good
;
whilst
in
the
mean
time
you
have
onely
invaded
the
Wealth
of
the
State
,
screwed
your selves
and
Relations
into
all
Places
of
Honour
and
Profit
,
to
feed
your
own
Luxury
and
Impiety
.
Then
stamping
with
his
Foot
,
which
was
the
Signal
to
the
Soldiers
without
,
For
shame
,
said
he
,
get
ye
gone
,
give
place
to
honester
Men
,
Commands
all
to
be
gone
.
and
those
that
will
more
faithfully
discharge
their
Trust
.
But
whilst
all
,
surprised
by
this
sudden
Consternation
,
held
their
tongues
,
one
had
the
boldness
to
tell
him
,
It
suits
ill
with
your
Excellencies
Justice
,
to
brand
us
all
promiscuously
and
in
general
,
without
any
Proof
of
a
Crime
.
At
which
being
a
little
more
heated
,
taking
hold
of
one
by
the
Cloke
,
Thou
art
a
Whoremaster
,
says
he
;
to
another
,
Thou
art
an
Adulterer
;
to
a
third
,
Thou
art
a
Drunkard
and
Glutton
;
to
a
fourth
,
Thou
art
an
Extortioner
:
And
the
Musquetiers
rushing
in
,
he
excludes
them
all
,
And
they
delaying
,
by
the
assistance
of
the
Soldiers
he
expelled
them
the
House
,
and
commands
the
Parliament
to
be
dissolved
;
whilst
Harrison
gently
pulled
the
Speaker
out
of
his
Chair
,
being
unwilling
to
rise
,
and
sent
him
going
.
So
that
that
vast
,
horrid
,
and
many-headed
Monster
,
whose
Bellowing
had
made
all
Europe
to
shake
,
is
by
one
single
Puff
of
Cromwell's
Breath
dispersed
and
scattered
,
no
body
regretting
,
but
rather
all
the
People
rejoycing
at
it
.
So
,
Government
basely
got
,
is
basely
lost
.
Nay
,
to
compleat
their
Punishment
,
And
makes
them
ridiculous
.
they
were
ridiculed
,
a
Bill
being
set
upon
the
Door
,
with
,
This
House
is
to
be
Let.
They
were
also
Lampoon'd
by
the
Ballad-singers
about
Town
,
who
cried
publickly
about
the
City
,
Twelve
Parliament-men
for
a
Peny
.
Next
day
the
Council
of
State
,
and
Privy
Council
,
are
in
the
same
manner
sent
packing
by
Cromwell
,
lest
,
if
any
remained
,
the
Rooks
might
breed
again
.
By
this
so
acceptable
an
Action
,
he
so
blotted
out
the
Memory
of
his
past
Villanies
,
that
for
a
time
he
was
rather
look'd
upon
as
a
Saviour
;
The
People
rejoycing
,
the
Shouts
and
Bonfires
that
were
made
,
sufficiently
expressing
the
Joys
of
the
People
,
for
being
delivered
from
so
cruel
a
Yoke
.
They
praise
the
Freedom
the
General
took
,
And
much
applauding
him
.
in
not
fearing
to
charge
his
Impotent
Masters
to
their
Faces
,
with
the
Vices
that
were
publickly
talked
of
;
some
few
in
the
mean
time
observing
,
that
whilst
he
himself
now
accused
those
whom
before
he
had
commended
,
he
had
then
preferred
such
as
he
might
afterwards
most
justly
accuse
.
For
he
had
so
purged
the
Parliament
,
as
casting
away
the
Flower
,
he
had
for
his
own
purpose
reserved
the
Bran
,
to
be
likewise
thrown
away
when
he
had
a
mind
to
it
.
The
Rump-Members
loaded
with
publick
Hatred
,
and
sad
Hearts
,
departed
home
,
as
they
were
commanded
;
for
there
was
a
Necessity
that
they
must
fall
at
the
Pleasure
of
those
,
at
whose
Pleasure
they
chose
to
stand
;
and
since
they
could
not
thrive
in
their
Trade
,
without
obeying
their
Guardians
,
the
Injuries
of
the
Soldiers
were
to
be
born
with
,
and
onely
whispered
.
But
they
find
no
other
Patron
.
The
Publick
,
indeed
,
grieved
not
at
their
Disaster
,
as
if
the
Office
of
the
Laws
had
been
shut
;
but
triumphantly
insulted
over
them
,
as
a
Den
of
Thieves
now
broken
up
and
dispersed
.
But
the
Commonwealth
was
still
reserved
to
sadder
Bondage
,
Cromwell
now
,
as
General
of
the
Army
,
arrogating
to
himself
the
Supreme
Authority
.
Yet
that
he
might
remove
all
suspicion
of
any
such
ambitious
Design
,
and
render
the
same
more
secure
and
stable
by
gradual
and
crafty
Insinuations
;
as
also
that
he
might
gull
the
Demotratical
Republicans
,
They
consult
,
in
the
mean
time
,
what
is
fittest
to
be
done
.
it
is
decreed
in
a
Council
of
the
Officers
,
That
the
Supreme
Power
should
be
committed
to
Godly
and
Pious
Men
,
to
the
number
of
an
hundred
and
forty
four
,
during
the
space
of
six
Months
;
who
should
have
power
to
moderate
,
and
with
such
Prudence
settle
all
things
,
that
all
Sin
and
Vice
being
rooted
out
,
Peace
and
Concord
might
flourish
in
the
Nations
.
Therefore
the
Officers
of
the
Army
,
The
Officers
advance
the
Godly
to
the
Government
,
with
Consent
of
Cromwell
,
call
out
of
every
County
and
Corporation
a
proportionable
number
of
the
holiest
Men
whom
either
they
knew
,
or
could
find
out
,
(
the
civiller
,
or
rather
most
pragmatical
sort
of
the
Private
Soldiers
being
permitted
to
name
some
)
whom
they
place
at
the
Helm
of
Government
,
to
consult
about
the
difficult
Affairs
of
Three
Kingdoms
:
Illiterate
Men
for
the
most
part
,
Chosen
from
among
the
Off-scowrings
of
the
People
,
and
out
of
all
Sects
:
and
the
Off-scowrings
of
the
People
;
and
these
also
Bigots
,
Anabaptists
,
Fifth-monarchy-men
,
Democraticks
,
Fanaticks
,
and
,
in
a
word
,
the
most
villanous
Incendiaries
of
all
the
Sects
.
But
with
those
were
mingled
Cromwell's
cunninger
Adherents
,
whom
,
being
most
obnoxious
,
he
had
endeared
to
himself
by
Favour
,
that
as
occasion
offered
they
might
sway
the
rest
,
and
check
their
mad
Counsels
.
These
being
met
in
the
Parliament-house
,
Who
having
chosen
a
Speaker
,
Take
the
Name
of
The
Parliament
of
England
;
their
first
Care
is
to
chuse
one
Rous
,
a
Smatterer
in
Letters
,
for
Speaker
;
and
then
,
to
give
themselves
a
Title
;
which
,
after
much
Preliminary
Dispute
,
was
at
length
concluded
to
be
,
The
Parliament
of
England
.
This
done
,
they
set
to
work
.
But
,
Good
God!
what
strange
Confusion
presently
arose
?
Which
Cromwell
and
the
other
cunning
Rogues
foreseeing
would
undoubtedly
happen
,
laughed
in
their
Sleeve
,
that
they
being
hampered
and
entangled
in
Difficulties
,
would
with
universal
Applause
and
Gratulation
deliver
up
to
Cromwell
alone
the
sole
Administration
of
Government
.
They
resolved
to
make
way
for
the
Monarchy
of
Christ
upon
Earth
,
prophesying
his
Personal
Presence
to
be
at
hand
:
Therefore
they
pronounce
Priesthood
to
be
Popery
;
And
presently
shew
their
madness
,
in
falling
soul
of
the
Ministers
,
Colleges
,
and
Nobility
.
paying
of
Tythes
,
Judaism
;
the
Laws
of
England
,
the
Remains
of
the
Norman
Yoke
;
Schools
and
Colleges
,
Heathenish
Seminaries
of
curious
and
vain
Learning
;
Nobility
,
lastly
,
and
Honours
,
contray
to
the
Law
of
Nature
,
and
Christianity
:
all
which
they
would
have
wholly
abolished
,
and
pluck'd
up
by
the
Roots
;
and
without
doubt
had
done
so
,
had
not
the
few
of
Sense
that
were
amongst
them
put
a
stop
to
it
.
They
abolish
all
Courts
of
Justice
.
However
,
in
effect
they
abolish
the
Court
of
Chancery
,
and
all
the
Judicatures
that
were
wont
to
be
kept
in
Westminster-hall
.
By
one
or
two
Acts
was
that
prodigious
Parliament
renowned
:
Appoint
Justices
of
Peace
to
celebrate
Marriage
.
For
,
Marriage
,
which
from
the
very
Birth
of
the
Church
of
England
was
never
celebrated
but
by
Church-men
,
they
commit
to
the
Care
of
Justices
of
the
Peace
;
as
if
in
an
Affair
of
so
great
moment
,
there
were
no
need
of
Solemn
Prayers
,
nor
of
the
Benediction
of
the
Church
.
They
leave
also
the
Publication
of
the
Bans
of
Matrimony
,
which
used
always
thrice
to
be
made
in
time
of
Divine
Service
,
to
the
choice
of
the
Parties
,
either
to
have
it
made
in
the
Church
or
Market-place
.
A
Register
also
is
appointed
to
be
kept
,
not
of
the
Christnings
,
but
of
the
Birth
of
Children
:
so
that
from
hence
you
may
guess
what
a
kind
of
new
Reformers
these
were
.
But
when
Cromwell
had
suffered
them
to
give
the
People
sufficient
Proofs
of
their
Madness
,
and
to
work
Fear
and
Hatred
also
in
their
Fellow-Subjects
,
some
of
them
who
had
more
sense
,
The
sounder
part
deliver
up
the
Government
to
Cromwell
,
who
with
reluctancy
accepts
it
;
upon
a
day
appointed
went
with
their
Speaker
to
attend
him
,
earnestly
beseeching
him
to
take
upon
himself
the
Supreme
Authority
,
now
again
fallen
at
his
Feet
.
Cromwell
made
a
shew
of
wonder
,
denying
utterly
and
rejecting
it
;
but
at
length
,
with
much
ado
,
suffered
himself
to
be
prevailed
upon
;
but
with
this
Condition
,
That
an
Instrument
or
Form
of
the
Thing
,
under
Hand
and
Seal
,
should
be
given
him
.
This
being
done
,
though
the
Inferiour
Officers
of
the
Army
and
the
Republicans
were
against
it
,
who
promised
to
themselves
profitable
Places
under
that
Government
,
and
a
Licencious
Liberty
of
domineering
,
or
at
least
constant
and
standing
Commands
in
the
Army
;
yet
Lambert
,
Lambert
chiefly
,
and
by
his
persuasion
the
rest
of
the
Officers
consenting
.
who
at
present
promised
himself
the
Second
Place
in
the
Government
,
and
afterterwards
the
First
,
hiding
a
proud
Ambition
under
a
Cloke
of
Humility
,
by
Words
,
and
by
his
Example
,
persuaded
the
other
Officers
not
onely
to
comply
with
that
Monarchy
,
but
also
to
stickle
for
and
desire
it
.
So
now
the
Name
of
a
Commonwealth
stinks
,
and
the
Popular
State
,
which
heretofore
they
gloried
in
,
is
despised
.
The
Single
Government
of
One
Person
onely
pleases
them
;
and
,
what
heretofore
they
had
cursed
with
so
many
private
and
publick
Imprecations
,
after
a
Consultation
with
the
Officers
,
is
declared
to
be
the
Government
of
this
Nation
.
Yet
Cromwell
would
not
accept
of
it
by
the
Title
of
KING
,
But
he
would
be
called
Protector
,
not
King
.
though
he
was
persuaded
to
it
by
many
,
lest
he
might
seem
to
make
Shipwrack
of
all
Modesty
,
and
too
openly
to
prevaricate
:
But
joyning
together
a
Common-wealth
,
and
Single
Government
,
which
formerly
were
inconsistent
,
under
the
Title
of
Protector
he
takes
into
his
Hands
the
Reins
of
Government
,
modelled
according
to
the
Conditions
of
an
Instrument
,
which
here
we
shall
insert
.
THE
Instrument
of
Government
.
THat
the
Supreme
Legislative
Authority
should
be
in
a
Single
Person
and
the
People
in
Parliament
;
but
the
Administration
thereof
to
be
left
to
the
Lord
Protector
and
to
his
Council
,
whereof
the
Number
was
not
to
be
above
Twenty
and
one
.
That
all
Charters
,
Patents
,
Writs
,
and
Commissions
,
should
be
passed
by
the
Protector
:
All
Power
of
Magistracy
,
Honours
,
and
Titles
,
to
be
deriv'd
from
him
.
Likewise
the
Pardon
of
all
Offences
,
excepting
Treason
and
Murder
.
He
also
to
have
the
Administration
of
all
things
,
with
the
Advice
of
his
Council
,
and
according
to
the
Tenor
of
this
Instrument
.
That
the
Militia
,
sitting
the
Parliament
,
should
be
in
the
disposal
of
the
Protector
and
the
Parliament
;
but
in
the
Intervals
,
in
the
Protector
and
his
Council
.
The
Power
also
of
making
Peace
and
War
with
Foreign
Princes
,
to
be
in
the
Protector
and
his
Council
:
but
he
to
have
no
Authority
of
Repealing
or
Making
any
Laws
,
without
the
Consent
of
Parliament
.
That
the
Parliament
should
be
called
before
the
end
of
Six
Months
then
next
ensuing
,
and
afterwards
once
in
Three
years
,
or
oftner
if
need
require
;
and
that
it
should
not
be
in
the
Protector's
Power
to
Dissolve
the
same
for
the
first
Five
Months
,
without
the
Consent
of
the
House
.
That
the
Number
of
Members
for
England
should
consist
of
full
Four
hundred
,
Elected
according
to
an
equal
Distribution
:
for
Scotland
Thirty
,
and
for
Ireland
the
like
Number
;
the
Number
for
each
County
and
City
to
be
also
assigned
.
That
the
Calling
of
such
Parliament
should
be
under
the
Seal
of
the
Commonwealth
,
by
Writs
to
the
Sheriff
in
the
Protector's
Name
.
But
if
the
Protector
should
not
call
the
same
within
the
times
limited
,
the
Chancellor
then
to
do
it
,
under
the
Penalty
of
High
Treason
;
and
if
he
should
fail
therein
,
then
that
the
Sheriffs
should
peform
it
.
And
after
such
Election
should
be
made
,
to
be
transmitted
by
the
Chief
Magistrate
,
by
Indenture
,
to
the
Chancellor
,
signed
with
his
Hand
,
Twenty
days
before
the
Sitting
of
the
same
Parliament
.
Also
if
the
Sheriff
or
Mayor
should
make
a
false
Return
,
that
he
be
fined
in
Two
thousand
Marks
.
That
none
should
be
capable
to
Elect
,
who
had
ever
born
Arms
against
the
Parliament
,
or
been
Actors
in
the
Irish
Rebellion
.
Nor
that
any
Papist
should
ever
be
capable
to
give
his
Voice
.
And
that
all
Elections
against
these
Rules
should
be
void
,
and
the
Transgressors
fined
at
Two
years
Value
of
their
Revenues
,
and
a
third
part
of
their
Goods
.
That
no
Person
under
the
age
of
One
and
twenty
years
,
should
be
capable
of
being
Elected
;
nor
any
other
than
of
known
Credit
,
fearing
God
,
and
of
good
Behaviour
.
No
Man
likewise
to
have
Power
of
Electing
,
whose
Estate
should
not
be
worth
20
l.
per
An.
Sterling
.
That
the
Return
of
the
Persons
Elected
should
be
transmitted
by
Prothonotary
in
Chancery
,
unto
the
Council
of
State
,
within
two
days
after
they
should
come
to
his
Hands
,
to
the
end
that
Judgment
might
be
made
of
the
Persons
,
if
any
Question
should
arise
touching
the
Lawfulness
of
the
Choice
.
That
Sixty
Members
should
be
accounted
a
Parliament
,
in
case
the
rest
be
absent
.
Nevertheless
,
that
it
should
be
lawful
to
the
Protector
to
call
a
Parliament
when
he
shall
see
cause
.
That
the
Bills
agreed
on
in
Parliament
should
be
presented
to
the
Protector
,
for
his
Assent
thereto
;
and
if
he
should
not
give
his
Assent
to
them
within
Twenty
days
,
that
then
they
should
have
the
force
of
Laws
without
it
.
That
if
any
Counsellor
of
State
should
die
,
or
be
outed
of
his
Place
for
Corruption
,
in
the
Intervals
of
Parliament
,
the
Protector
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Council
,
to
substitute
another
in
his
stead
.
That
a
certain
Annual
Tax
should
be
made
throughout
the
Three
Commonwealths
,
for
the
Maintenance
of
Ten
thousand
Horse
,
and
Fifteen
thousand
Foot
;
which
Tax
should
also
supply
the
Charge
of
the
Navy
:
And
that
this
Rate
should
not
be
lessened
or
altered
by
the
Parliament
,
without
the
Consent
of
the
Protector
and
his
Council
.
But
if
it
should
not
be
thought
necessary
hereafter
that
any
Army
should
be
maintained
,
then
whatsoever
Surplusage
of
this
Tax
should
be
,
to
be
kept
in
the
Treasury
for
sudden
Emergencies
.
That
if
there
might
happen
to
be
occasion
of
making
extraordinary
Choices
,
and
to
raise
new
Forces
,
it
should
not
be
done
without
Consent
of
Parliament
;
but
that
in
the
Intervals
of
Parliament
it
should
be
lawful
for
the
Protector
and
his
said
Council
,
both
to
make
new
Laws
,
and
to
raise
Monies
for
the
present
Exigencies
.
That
all
the
Lands
,
Forests
,
and
Jurisdictions
,
not
then
sold
by
the
Parliament
,
whether
they
had
belonged
to
the
King
,
Queen
,
Prince
,
Bishops
,
or
any
Delinquents
whatsoever
,
should
thenceforth
remain
to
the
Protector
.
That
the
Office
of
Protector
should
thenceforth
be
Elective
;
but
that
none
of
the
King's
Line
should
be
ever
capable
thereof
;
and
that
the
Election
should
belong
to
the
Council
.
That
for
the
present
Oliver
Cromwell
should
be
Protector
.
That
the
Great
Offices
of
the
Commonwealth
,
viz.
Chancellor
,
Keeper
of
the
Seal
,
Governour
of
Ireland
,
Admiral
,
Treasurer
,
in
case
they
should
become
void
in
Parliament-time
,
to
be
filled
up
by
the
approbation
of
Parliament
;
and
in
the
Intervals
,
by
the
like
approbation
of
the
Council
.
That
the
Christian
Religion
,
as
it
is
contained
by
Holy
Scripture
,
should
be
the
Publick
Profession
of
the
Nation
;
and
that
those
who
were
to
have
the
Care
thereof
,
should
have
their
Support
from
the
Publick
;
so
that
it
be
with
some
other
more
convenient
Maintenance
,
and
less
subject
to
Envy
,
than
by
Tythes
.
That
no
Man
shall
be
by
any
Fine
or
Penalty
whatsoever
,
forced
to
Comply
with
the
said
Publick
Profession
,
otherwise
than
by
Persuasions
and
Arguments
.
That
no
man
Professing
Faith
in
Christ
,
should
be
prohibited
the
Exercise
of
his
own
Religion
,
so
that
he
disturb
not
any
other
:
but
that
neither
Popery
or
Prelacy
should
be
permitted
the
least
Favour
or
Licence
;
and
that
all
Laws
to
the
contrary
should
be
void
.
That
all
Agreements
made
by
Parliament
should
be
firm
and
stable
;
All
Articles
of
Peace
made
with
Domestick
Enemies
,
made
good
.
That
all
Protectors
,
in
their
Order
,
should
be
obliged
by
Oath
,
at
their
first
taking
upon
them
the
Government
,
by
all
means
to
procure
the
Peace
,
Welfare
,
and
Quiet
of
the
Commonwealth
;
by
no
means
to
violate
the
present
Agreements
;
and
lastly
,
to
his
Power
to
administer
all
things
according
to
the
Laws
,
Statutes
,
and
Customs
of
England
.
Cromwell
swears
to
his
own
Conditions
,
and
presently
chuses
Counsellors
out
of
every
Sect.
To
these
Conditions
Cromwell
swears
,
and
then
cunningly
chuses
his
Privy-Counsellors
;
which
he
so
dexterously
pack'd
,
that
though
they
differed
in
Quality
and
Inclinations
amongst
themselves
,
yet
all
were
equally
at
his
devotion
.
Of
every
Sect
he
chuses
some
Leading
Men
,
by
whose
means
he
might
gain
the
rest
of
the
same
Stamp
:
Officers
also
of
the
Army
,
especially
the
Higher
,
and
those
who
were
most
in
Favour
and
Authority
with
the
People
.
Amongst
them
were
Anabaptists
,
Independents
,
and
Presbyterians
;
Irish
and
Scots
;
all
sorts
of
Republicans
;
and
,
until
all
Liberty
of
Ingenuous
Minds
was
restrained
,
some
Royalists
also
.
The
Reins
of
these
so
many
and
different
Opinions
,
Factions
,
Nations
,
and
Sects
,
the
skilful
Driver
,
being
himself
of
no
Faith
nor
certain
Profession
,
took
into
his
Hands
,
and
turned
them
at
his
pleasure
;
now
inclining
to
one
side
,
now
to
the
other
;
sometime
approving
the
greater
,
and
sometime
the
smaller
number
of
Votes
;
being
ready
at
every
turn
to
dismiss
those
that
were
head-strong
.
And
thus
assisted
by
his
Counsellors
,
he
takes
upon
him
the
Administration
of
the
Commonwealth
.
What
were
the
thoughts
of
men
in
this
great
Revolution
.
Out
of
fear
,
few
withstand
this
so
great
a
Change
in
Affairs
,
and
many
applaud
it
:
Those
who
are
of
a
contrary
Opinion
,
stand
in
amaze
,
and
conceal
their
Thoughts
.
Presbyterians
,
Independents
,
Royalists
,
Neutralists
,
and
all
,
chuse
rather
to
acquiesce
under
his
Government
,
than
eternally
to
be
enslaved
to
the
Pleasure
of
mad
Fanaticks
.
The
exulting
Soldiers
are
cock-a-hoop
:
Now
Colleges
are
freed
from
the
fear
of
Ruine
;
the
Common-Laws
are
secured
from
danger
;
the
Nobility
,
though
maimed
,
yet
still
seemed
to
be
in
being
;
the
Presbyterians
,
secure
of
their
Tythes
and
Discipline
,
though
not
coactive
,
triumph
:
nor
are
the
Royalists
much
grieved
,
being
now
sure
of
a
Single
Person
,
and
hoping
that
the
Scepter
and
Crown
,
after
one
or
two
Turns
more
,
would
at
length
be
setled
upon
the
right
Basis
,
the
Royal
Family
.
Every
Commander
of
the
Army
talks
of
Golden
days
,
as
if
now
their
Places
were
to
last
for
ever
;
nor
does
the
meanest
Soldier
despair
,
but
that
by
degrees
he
may
mount
to
the
top
of
the
Government
.
But
Lambert
and
other
Chief
Officers
,
besides
the
plentiful
Estates
wherewith
they
are
enriched
at
present
,
skip
for
joy
that
they
are
admitted
into
a
share
of
the
Government
,
hoping
within
a
little
after
the
death
of
the
aged
Protector
,
to
be
raised
higher
.
Amidst
these
Domestick
Revolutions
at
home
,
England
wanted
not
a
Foreign
Enemy
;
A
War
with
Holland
.
they
had
a
heavy
War
with
Holland
upon
their
Shoulders
,
which
being
begun
two
years
before
,
and
till
then
continued
,
seemed
like
to
terminate
in
the
Ruine
of
one
of
the
two
Nations
,
had
not
God
othewise
decreed
.
The
Dutch
were
netled
at
the
Letters
of
Reprisal
,
The
use
of
it
.
which
being
promiscuously
granted
,
Pyrats
from
all
Places
,
who
liked
better
to
live
by
Rapine
,
than
by
honest
Courses
,
infesting
the
Seas
,
had
taken
above
Fourscore
Sail
of
Ships
;
as
also
at
the
Order
of
Parliament
,
That
no
Goods
should
be
Imported
from
abroad
,
unless
in
English
Bottoms
,
or
Ships
of
the
Country
where
the
Commodities
were
originally
to
be
had
.
And
that
People
were
too
late
foolishly
bent
upon
War
:
For
when
it
was
in
their
Power
to
have
assisted
the
King
against
His
Rebellious
Subjects
,
then
would
they
neither
aid
Him
with
Counsel
,
Money
,
Intercession
,
Credit
,
nor
any
other
way
;
nay
,
I
wish
it
might
not
be
said
,
that
some
of
them
assisted
the
Rebels
.
But
now
,
when
the
Princes
of
Europe
vailed
their
Crowns
and
Scepters
before
the
Parricides
,
they
think
themselves
able
to
make
Head
against
them
,
and
vie
for
Pre-eminence
.
Nothing
now
is
to
be
heard
amongst
them
,
but
forthwith
resisting
Force
by
Force
:
The
Publick
Places
resound
with
Ballads
and
Songs
against
the
Villanous
Regicides
and
Sectarians
,
and
Booksellers
Shops
are
adorned
with
Pictures
.
The
Flushingers
exceeded
all
the
rest
in
Folly
,
who
boasted
,
that
their
own
Ships
alone
were
able
to
beat
the
English
.
But
the
High
and
Mighty
States
were
not
of
that
Judgment
;
Different
Opinions
of
the
States
of
the
United
Provinces
about
that
Matter
.
they
were
divided
into
Three
Parts
:
One
Part
was
not
onely
for
entertaining
a
Peace
and
good
Correspondence
with
the
Regicides
,
but
also
for
Leaguing
into
a
stricter
Amity
:
Others
,
favouring
the
Popular
Opinion
,
did
all
that
lay
in
their
power
to
thwart
that
;
and
that
Confederating
with
Neighbouring
Princes
,
they
should
endeavour
to
restore
the
King
of
Great
Britain
to
the
Throne
of
his
Ancestors
:
A
third
Party
taking
a
middle
way
,
thought
it
best
to
mind
their
own
Interests
,
carry
fair
and
civilly
with
the
Rebels
,
thereby
to
secure
their
Trade
,
and
the
free
use
of
the
Seas
;
but
,
in
the
mean
time
,
if
the
Parricides
carried
it
high
,
and
slighted
their
Friendship
,
that
with
a
well-appointed
Fleet
of
an
hundred
and
fifty
Men
of
War
,
they
should
forthwith
quell
them
.
The
last
Opinion
prevailing
,
The
middle
Opinion
prevailing
,
Embassadors
for
Pacification
are
sent
into
England
.
Four
Embassadours
for
Pacification
are
appointed
to
go
into
England
;
the
Heers
Catz
,
Schaep
,
Vandeperre
,
and
Neuport
,
who
had
long
been
resident
there
.
They
renew
the
Treaty
which
St.
Johns
had
broken
up
,
beginning
at
the
same
Article
where
he
had
left
off
.
The
Oligarchicks
hereupon
seem
sorry
for
what
was
past
;
and
presaging
a
future
Coalition
with
the
English
into
one
Commonwealth
,
carry
very
civilly
,
and
kindly
receive
them
.
Then
the
Dutch
Ambassadors
,
without
denouncing
of
War
,
make
some
mention
of
an
hundred
and
fifty
Men
of
War
,
which
they
had
in
readiness
to
scowr
the
Seas
from
Pyrates
,
and
securing
Navigation
;
but
without
any
Intention
to
molest
us
,
which
was
far
from
their
thoughts
.
But
in
the
heat
of
the
Treaty
it
unluckily
fell
out
,
In
the
heat
of
the
Treaty
a
sharp
Engagement
hapned
.
that
a
great
Fight
hapned
betwixt
Blake
and
Trump
,
the
Admirals
of
both
Nations
;
but
I
am
uncertain
who
gave
the
first
Provocation
.
We
alledged
,
That
the
Dutch
refused
to
strike
Sail
,
which
is
a
Mark
of
Prerogative
and
Dominion
that
we
demand
of
all
Foreign
Ships
;
and
that
Trump
being
warned
to
do
so
by
a
Gun
without
a
Bullet
,
was
the
first
that
fired
a
Broad-side
,
and
that
by
order
from
his
Masters
.
However
,
from
which
Side
soever
the
Provocation
was
given
,
May
24.
1652.
both
Fleets
desperately
engaged
in
the
Afternoon
,
and
fought
it
out
stoutly
,
till
dark
night
hid
the
horrid
Spectacle
from
the
Eyes
of
Men.
From
this
Engagement
the
Dutch
,
double
to
us
in
number
,
with
the
loss
of
two
Ships
,
and
as
much
,
if
not
more
mauled
than
we
,
departed
.
But
seeing
the
Dutch
could
obtain
no
Victory
in
that
unexpected
Aggression
,
The
Dutch
excuse
the
matter
,
their
Embassadors
excuse
the
Matter
,
as
having
been
a
fortuitous
Engagement
,
when
they
themselves
thought
of
nothing
less
.
Yet
both
Sides
prepare
for
War
;
which
was
not
at
all
ungrateful
to
the
English
,
as
being
certain
they
could
so
long
protract
it
,
until
the
Dutch
being
forced
to
a
Coalition
,
would
at
length
yield
;
or
being
reduced
to
extremity
,
of
which
they
entertained
no
doubtful
Hopes
,
considering
the
Opportunity
of
our
Ports
,
and
the
Number
of
their
well-equipped
Fleet
,
they
would
be
glad
to
submit
to
the
Will
of
the
Conquerors
.
Both
Parties
were
obstinate
,
and
prepared
all
things
that
might
be
necessary
to
destroy
one
another
.
The
Dutch
Confederate
with
the
Danes
;
But
confederate
with
the
Danes
,
who
therefore
lay
first
an
Embargo
upon
a
Fleet
of
the
English
in
the
Sundt
,
and
afterwards
carry
them
into
Copenhagen
,
being
laden
with
Masts
,
Pitch
,
Hemp
,
and
Sail-cloth
,
which
at
that
time
the
Regicides
were
in
great
want
of
,
though
they
had
got
a
pretty
good
Supply
from
the
West-Indies
,
and
the
Northern
Parts
of
Scotland
.
The
King
of
England
,
besides
,
offers
them
a
Squadron
of
English
Ships
for
their
Assistance
;
which
nevertheless
they
would
not
suffer
to
carry
the
English
Colours
,
but
in
their
own
Ports
,
lest
the
Breach
betwixt
the
two
Commonwealths
might
prove
irreparable
.
Both
Parties
in
the
mean
while
press
Seamen
,
set
out
Ships
,
encrease
the
number
of
their
Sailors
,
yea
and
put
Land-Soldiers
on
Board
too
.
All
hopes
of
Peace
now
vanishing
,
the
Embassadors
return
home
;
and
a
second
and
third
Engagement
hapned
at
Sea
.
And
fight
again
and
again
.
No
Age
before
that
can
shew
an
Instance
that
ever
any
People
,
not
onely
of
Europe
,
but
of
the
whole
World
,
engaged
at
Sea
with
such
roaring
of
Great
Guns
,
such
Fury
,
Courage
,
and
Resolution
of
Men
,
and
so
much
Blood
and
Slaughter
,
as
the
English
and
Dutch
did
during
that
War
,
though
with
continual
ill
Success
to
the
Dutch
;
except
that
in
the
Straits
,
near
Legorn
,
John
van
Galen
,
who
was
killed
by
a
Cannon-bullet
,
and
had
young
Trump
for
his
Successor
,
having
sunk
two
of
our
Ships
,
and
taken
a
third
,
that
was
afterwards
regained
by
a
Stratagem
,
had
the
better
of
us
through
our
own
negligence
.
But
then
Revolutions
hapning
amongst
us
at
home
,
At
length
they
sue
for
Peace
,
Cromwell
being
now
at
the
Helm
.
when
Cromwell
had
invaded
the
Government
,
by
the
the
Mediation
of
Stones
and
Dolman
,
Englishmen
,
who
favoured
the
Dutch
,
four
new
Ambassadors
come
over
again
,
Bevering
,
Jounstal
,
Neuport
,
and
Perre
,
at
first
to
learn
what
Advantage
they
might
expect
from
that
turn
of
Affairs
,
and
accordingly
then
to
treat
of
Peace
.
The
Dutch
now
thrice
overcome
,
had
sufficient
experience
of
the
English
Strength
,
having
Seventeen
hundred
Merchant-Ships
taken
,
many
Men
of
War
sunk
and
disabled
,
a
great
many
Sea-Commanders
slain
,
no
Trade
by
Sea
,
and
Sedition
at
home
rising
almost
to
a
Rebellion
.
But
the
fourth
and
last
Engagement
,
above
all
the
rest
,
gave
a
clear
Demonstration
,
what
Side
Victory
inclined
to
;
when
not
a
few
were
punished
with
Imprisonment
,
Infamy
,
and
Death
,
for
their
Miscarriage
at
Sea
;
others
allured
and
encouraged
with
Promises
,
Rewards
,
Hopes
of
Booty
,
and
full
Cups
of
Brandy
:
and
as
if
Holland
lay
at
stake
in
the
Fortune
of
this
Engagement
,
and
that
they
were
to
use
their
utmost
and
last
Efforts
for
the
defence
of
their
Country
,
they
restore
Discipline
,
build
stronger
Ships
,
cast
Guns
that
carried
further
,
and
give
Commands
to
trusty
,
valiant
,
and
daring
Men
:
Nay
,
some
of
the
States
General
are
ordered
to
go
on
Board
,
as
Eye-witnesses
of
the
Valour
or
Cowardise
of
their
Men.
At
length
the
English
Fleet
,
commanded
by
Monck
,
having
waited
for
the
Dutch
six
Months
upon
their
own
Coast
,
they
set
out
from
the
Texel
and
Weelings
,
and
bore
up
towards
ours
,
A
fourth
Engagement
,
most
fatal
to
the
Dutch
:
Trump
being
killed
,
and
,
with
as
many
Ships
as
they
could
fit
out
,
briskly
came
to
an
Engagement
;
but
after
a
long
Dispute
,
with
such
Success
,
that
Trump
in
the
Admiral-Ship
bearing
in
bravely
amongst
the
English
,
was
shot
dead
in
the
Breast
;
a
Man
of
great
Courage
,
(
for
Valour
is
to
be
praised
even
in
an
Enemy
)
and
most
skilful
in
Sea
affairs
:
after
his
Death
,
the
Enemy
was
put
to
flight
,
and
great
slaughter
committed
amongst
them
.
In
that
Engagement
seven
and
twenty
Dutch
Ships
were
either
sunk
or
burnt
,
And
2000
besides
.
two
thousand
Seamen
and
Soldiers
killed
,
a
thousand
taken
,
with
six
Captains
:
Whereas
of
the
English
there
were
not
above
four
hundred
Men
,
and
one
small
Ship
wanting
,
about
seven
hundred
wounded
,
most
of
whom
afterwards
recovered
.
Cromwell
claps
up
a
Peace
with
the
Dutch
and
Danes
;
These
things
succeeding
so
ill
,
the
Dutch
clap
up
a
Peace
with
Cromwell
,
the
Danes
also
being
comprehended
in
the
Treaty
.
He
hinted
a
little
at
a
Coalition
,
onely
for
Forms
sake
,
which
the
Dutch
Ambassadors
rejecting
,
he
waved
it
,
having
other
things
in
design
.
But
Bevering
and
Newport
privately
promise
,
in
the
Name
of
the
States
of
Holland
and
West-Friesland
,
And
lays
a
snare
for
the
Prince
of
Orange
.
and
engage
themselves
,
That
neither
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
(
an
innocent
Babe
,
then
in
the
Cradle
)
nor
any
of
his
Race
,
should
ever
be
chosen
Statholder
,
or
Admiral
of
their
Provinces
;
and
that
he
should
never
have
the
Vote
of
their
Provinces
in
the
States
General
,
for
being
elected
General
of
the
Forces
.
Which
they
got
at
length
confirmed
by
the
States
at
Groningen
:
The
rest
of
the
Provinces
,
in
the
mean
time
,
crying
out
against
it
.
But
the
Peace
made
with
the
Dutch
,
had
almost
disturbed
ours
at
home
.
S●ditious
Seamen
.
For
the
Seamen
complaining
that
they
were
defrauded
of
their
Pay
,
tumultuously
and
seditiously
flock
together
in
a
great
Body
,
and
with
murmuring
and
Threats
fly
to
Whitehall
,
bitterly
railing
,
and
demanding
their
due
;
till
Cromwell
,
attended
with
some
Officers
,
rushing
out
,
drew
their
Swords
,
killed
some
Seamen
,
dispersed
the
rest
,
and
so
composed
the
Tumult
.
But
we
must
not
so
dismiss
the
Dutch
:
For
it
hapned
that
War
breaking
out
with
Holland
,
three
Ships
,
the
Saviour
,
Samson
,
and
St.
George
,
Three
Hansiatick
Ships
are
stopp'd
,
were
freighted
by
some
Amsterdam-Merchants
,
under
borrowed
Names
,
from
Hamborough
and
Lubeck
,
Hanse-Towns
,
to
bring
Goods
from
St.
Lucar
in
Spain
to
Amsterdam
.
But
the
laden
Ships
by
Storms
and
contrary
Winds
being
forced
into
the
Downs
,
fell
in
amongst
the
English
Frigats
,
that
were
more
formidable
than
the
Winds
:
Which
being
searched
,
they
found
them
very
richly
laden
,
having
on
board
to
the
value
of
Four
hundred
thousand
Pounds
English
,
in
Plate
and
other
rich
Commodities
;
and
stopp'd
them
until
they
had
acquainted
the
Parricides
with
the
Booty
.
They
presently
order
them
to
be
brought
up
into
the
River
of
Thames
,
where
it
was
pretended
,
that
the
Silver
and
Goods
were
consigned
to
the
Spanish
Embassadour
,
Don
Alonso
de
Cadenas
,
who
used
all
his
Endeavours
to
have
them
cleared
.
But
the
Parricides
,
under
pretext
of
doing
Justice
,
refer
the
Matter
to
the
Court
of
Admiralty
;
which
by
long
Delays
protracts
the
Suit
;
till
the
Silver
,
upon
pretext
of
the
Publick
Necessity
,
being
brought
ashore
,
and
Coyned
in
the
Tower
of
London
,
was
in
Oliver's
Protectorship
Condemned
with
the
rest
of
the
Goods
.
And
condemned
.
Let
us
now
make
a
step
over
to
the
Portuguese
;
Cromwell
is
reconciled
to
the
King
of
Portugal
.
whose
King's
Excuse
Cromwell
took
in
very
good
part
,
seeing
he
pretended
sorrow
for
what
he
had
done
:
Wherefore
he
discharges
the
Ships
laden
with
Sugar
,
upon
reparation
of
the
English
Losses
,
and
enters
into
Alliance
with
him
;
for
confirmation
whereof
,
Medows
is
sent
over
to
Portugal
with
the
Embassador
,
who
then
was
upon
his
return
.
The
Embassadors
Brother
,
Don
Pantaleon
Sa
,
But
I
must
not
here
pass
over
the
Embassadors
Brother
,
Don
Pantaleon
Sa
,
who
had
not
the
luck
to
return
again
into
his
own
Country
.
For
he
walking
one
Evening
in
the
New
Exchange
of
London
,
and
resenting
an
Affront
which
he
thought
he
had
received
from
one
Gerard
,
the
Night
following
he
repairs
to
the
same
Place
,
attended
by
the
Retinue
of
his
Brother
the
Embassador
,
and
with
Sword
and
Pistol
falls
indifferently
upon
Men
and
Women
.
A
great
Hubbub
rising
upon
this
,
Colonel
May
,
an
Irish-man
,
drew
,
and
alone
beat
off
the
Portuguese
,
the
Authors
of
the
Tumult
.
However
,
next
morning
Don
Pantaleon
Sa
was
carried
out
of
his
Brother's
House
,
For
a
Murder
committed
in
London
,
to
be
tried
for
the
Murder
of
one
Greenway
,
an
innocent
Person
,
who
was
unexpectedly
and
unfortunately
killed
in
the
Scuffle
;
and
was
shortly
after
brought
to
the
Bar
before
Rolls
Chief
Justice
of
England
,
having
some
Doctors
of
the
Civil
Law
for
Assessors
;
where
the
Prisoner
having
pleaded
and
much
insisted
upon
the
Privileges
of
the
Embassador
,
he
is
notwithstanding
found
guilty
,
and
condemned
.
But
having
afterwards
,
by
the
help
of
a
certain
Mistress
,
made
his
escape
out
of
Prison
,
either
by
the
Discovery
of
a
pretended
Friend
,
or
the
diligent
Search
of
the
Keepers
,
he
was
again
apprehended
,
and
six
months
after
beheaded
upon
Tower-hill
,
Is
beheaded
;
his
Countenance
looking
so
pale
,
that
he
seemed
to
have
been
dead
before
he
died
.
At
the
same
time
,
and
upon
the
same
place
,
And
Gerard
at
the
same
time
also
,
for
standing
up
for
the
Kings
Interest●
Gerard
,
for
a
different
Cause
,
and
with
far
greater
Resolution
,
suffered
the
same
Death
:
For
he
was
condemned
by
the
High
Court
of
Justice
(
as
they
called
it
)
for
asserting
the
Royal
Cause
;
and
upon
the
same
Scaffold
where
the
Portuguese
afterward
suffered
,
he
chearfully
and
undauntedly
had
his
Head
struck
off
upon
the
Block
.
So
by
Death
they
seemed
to
be
made
Friends
,
who
so
lately
sought
one
anothers
Life
.
Vowell
,
a
School-master
,
Vowell
hanged
for
the
same
Cause
.
was
hanged
for
the
same
Cause
;
who
bravely
upbraiding
the
Judges
to
their
Faces
with
Injustice
,
he
cited
the
Judges
and
Cromwell
to
appear
before
the
Judgment
Seat
of
God
,
who
will
render
to
every
one
according
to
their
Works
.
But
let
us
return
to
our
King
,
who
having
an
Appartment
in
the
Louvre
,
did
not
lazily
lament
his
Misfortunes
,
but
tried
all
ways
whereby
he
might
better
his
cross
Fortune
,
and
set
things
to
rights
again
:
He
uses
all
Endeavours
to
procure
the
Favour
of
the
King
,
the
Cardinal
,
and
Princes
.
He
mediates
a
Peace
betwixt
Spain
and
France
;
but
in
vain
,
seeing
the
Cardinal
was
against
it
.
His
next
Care
was
,
by
persuading
some
,
and
appeasing
others
,
to
reconcile
the
Princes
of
the
Blood
of
France
to
the
King
,
The
King
of
England
uses
all
Endeavours
to
oblige
the
French
King
;
who
were
in
a
bad
understanding
because
of
the
Cardinal
:
At
length
he
prevailed
with
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
who
was
joyned
with
the
Princes
against
the
King
,
to
depart
peaceably
out
of
France
,
though
he
had
entred
it
full
of
Anger
and
Revenge
.
But
this
cost
Our
King
dear
:
For
whilst
He
and
the
Duke
of
York
were
in
a
private
Conference
with
Lorrain
,
the
Duke
of
Beaufort
coming
in
by
chance
,
discovered
it
to
the
Princes
of
the
contrary
Faction
;
who
casting
the
blame
upon
the
King
,
that
Lorrain
afterwards
forsook
them
,
But
being
basely
used
,
made
the
French
bespatter
Him
and
all
His
Retinue
with
bitter
Railleries
and
Calumnies
.
He
being
a
little
moved
at
these
things
,
removed
to
St.
Germans
,
until
he
was
informed
that
Burdeauxe
de
Neufville
had
made
a
firm
Peace
with
Cromwell
;
and
then
through
Liege
and
Aix
la
Chapell
he
went
to
Cologne
in
Germany
,
He
removes
to
Cologne
.
where
by
the
Burgomaster
and
Senators
he
was
invited
to
a
Banquet
,
and
welcomed
with
all
the
Expressions
of
Joy
and
Friendship
.
His
Friends
in
England
,
in
the
mean
time
,
use
all
endeavours
.
The
Royalists
in
England
at
first
knew
not
what
Hand
to
turn
to
;
yet
they
cast
about
all
ways
how
they
might
restore
the
King
to
His
ancient
Dignity
,
and
by
shaking
off
the
Yoke
of
Tyranny
,
recover
at
length
their
own
Liberty
.
The
Parricides
were
indeed
but
few
in
number
,
in
comparison
of
them
;
but
they
were
such
as
exceeded
them
in
craftiness
,
and
,
being
victorious
,
had
the
Arms
and
Money
in
their
Hands
;
and
besides
,
were
so
well
served
by
their
clandestine
Spies
,
Cromwell
counter-endeavours
.
that
they
had
a
watchful
eye
over
all
;
so
that
they
could
not
confer
Counsels
,
nor
discourse
privately
together
,
nor
so
much
as
whisper
any
Business
.
And
this
was
the
reason
that
all
Stirs
and
Attempts
of
Liberty
were
prevented
.
The
Prebyterians
also
,
though
they
wished
well
to
the
King
,
yet
for
the
most
part
stuck
obstinately
to
their
Principles
,
neither
advising
nor
associating
with
the
Royalists
,
but
rather
entertaining
their
old
grudge
and
hatred
against
them
.
Yet
by
mutual
Exhortations
they
do
somewhat
.
The
Royalists
nevertheless
finding
by
degrees
Opportunities
of
conferring
together
,
did
by
faithful
Messengers
,
by
Cyphers
and
Characters
,
by
Signs
and
the
dumb
Language
of
Fingers
,
exhort
,
animate
,
and
stir
up
Parties
against
Cromwell
.
Some
of
the
bolder
sort
openly
disobeyed
his
Commands
;
many
unwillingly
complied
,
under
pretext
of
Laws
to
the
contrary
;
whilst
others
with
various
Colours
and
Pretences
,
some
pretending
themselves
Presbyterians
,
others
Republicans
,
and
others
again
Anabaptists
,
were
still
jumbling
Affairs
,
and
Plotting
.
At
length
Royal
Commissioners
began
to
be
appointed
all
over
England
;
The
matter
was
at
length
undertaken
by
Comm●ssioners
,
the
Chief
to
remain
in
London
,
and
the
Inferiour
in
the
several
Counties
and
Provinces
;
with
Power
to
act
,
and
by
Messengers
going
to
and
again
,
to
give
one
another
and
the
Kings
Majesty
intelligence
of
the
Beginning
and
Progress
of
Affairs
,
and
of
the
opportuonities
of
Acting
.
Among
these
were
some
Presbyterians
,
but
not
many
.
These
Commissioners
were
impowred
to
draw
as
many
others
as
they
could
into
the
same
Association
;
which
they
set
about
after
this
manner
:
Every
one
,
according
as
they
could
,
acquainted
their
trusty
Companions
with
their
purpose
of
Rising
,
the
Place
,
&
Time
;
but
that
privately
,
and
one
onely
at
a
time
,
Very
cau●iously
;
lest
if
the
Matter
afterward
should
come
to
be
detected
,
there
might
be
no
more
but
one
Witness
against
the
Party
accused
.
So
the
Affair
was
spread
amongst
a
vast
number
of
Men
,
and
the
more
to
be
feared
,
that
it
was
communicated
to
so
many
.
Few
Nobles
,
either
of
higher
or
lower
Quality
,
but
were
made
acquainted
with
the
Design
;
and
though
some
declined
the
Danger
,
yet
most
of
them
kept
Counsel
:
Nay
,
many
Republicans
,
The
Republicans
also
conspiring
with
them
,
who
now
were
more
displeased
with
the
Tyranny
of
Cromwell
,
than
the
Lawful
Government
of
the
King
,
joyn
in
the
same
Resolution
;
namely
,
Overton
,
who
heretofore
had
been
Governour
of
Scotland
,
and
Wildman
,
both
Leading
Men.
They
had
hopes
that
the
Republicans
and
Royalists
being
associated
together
,
they
might
either
overcome
,
or
at
least
force
Cromwell
to
come
to
better
Terms
;
and
that
then
turning
their
Arms
against
the
Royalists
,
they
might
easily
subdue
them
.
For
the
report
was
,
That
2000
Horse
,
and
vast
numbers
of
Foot
,
all
Republicans
,
had
listed
themselves
for
that
Service
.
And
some
Governours
of
Places
.
The
Governours
of
Towns
and
Forts
give
also
hopes
of
joyning
in
the
Confederacy
:
Cannon
are
likewise
provided
,
and
one
day
first
,
then
another
,
and
a
third
,
are
appointed
for
the
Insurrection
;
that
rising
at
the
same
time
in
all
Counties
,
they
might
every
way
divert
and
divide
the
Enemy
,
and
in
this
uncertainty
what
Course
to
take
,
overcome
him
.
But
Cromwell
discovering
the
Design
,
easily
disappoints
it
;
But
Cromwell
is
not
ignorant
of
these
Contrivances
;
he
employs
all
his
Arts
and
Might
to
get
a
clear
discovery
of
the
Scheme
and
Series
of
the
whole
Business
,
to
bring
to
light
the
Plotters
,
and
especially
that
he
might
detect
the
Lords
and
Chief
Persons
of
Quality
,
break
their
Measures
,
and
by
a
false
Insurrection
spoil
their
true
Rising
.
By
that
means
he
suppressed
the
Conspiracy
of
the
Cornish
and
Shropshire
Men
,
by
stirring
them
up
to
precipitate
their
Rising
.
Some
rising
too
soon
,
At
Hessen-Moor
also
,
in
Yorkshire
,
a
numerous
Meeting
is
appointed
to
be
,
amongst
whom
Fairfax
himself
was
reported
to
have
given
hopes
of
appearing
:
But
he
being
beset
by
the
Craft
and
Artifices
of
Cromwell
,
abstained
from
Action
.
There
the
Earl
of
Rochester
,
whom
we
have
often
mentioned
by
the
Name
of
the
Lord
Wilmot
,
and
Sir
Nicholas
Armorer
,
met
at
the
appointed
time
,
that
they
might
Head
the
rest
:
But
both
of
them
,
few
appearing
,
and
most
part
falling
off
for
fear
,
Others
cowardly
;
betook
themselves
presently
to
flight
,
and
being
taken
at
Ailsbury
by
the
Rebels
,
with
much
ado
made
their
escape
.
Sir
Henry
Slingsby
and
Sir
Richard
Maleverer
being
with
others
taken
,
are
committed
to
Prison
.
A
great
many
People
appeared
that
night
also
in
Sherwood-Forest
near
Nottingham
:
But
being
partly
betrayed
,
and
partly
smitten
with
fear
,
and
divided
about
the
Choice
of
a
Commander
,
they
all
fly
;
of
which
,
a
great
many
,
being
apprehended
,
suffer
a
tedious
Imprisonment
for
it
.
At
the
same
time
,
about
Three
hundred
Wiltshire
Men
rising
,
under
the
Command
of
Wagstaff
Major-General
of
the
Army
,
broke
into
Salisbury
,
where
two
Judges
of
the
Kingdom
were
then
holding
the
Assizes
,
whom
they
seised
,
but
afterwards
civilly
dismissed
.
From
thence
for
some
days
they
wander
up
and
down
,
in
vain
expecting
Auxiliary
Forces
;
till
at
length
many
of
them
disappeared
,
and
the
rest
were
defeated
in
their
Quarters
by
Crook's
Regiment
,
Wagstaff
escaping
safe
in
the
dark
.
London
,
Kent
,
and
the
other
Counties
,
And
all
disappointed
of
their
Hopes
.
taking
warning
from
the
Misfortunes
of
their
Brethren
,
forbore
at
present
to
make
any
Disturbance
;
but
yet
they
could
not
escape
the
Intelligence
of
Cromwell
.
Many
Persons
of
Great
Quality
committed
to
Prison
:
The
Earl
of
Oxford
,
Lords
Willoughby
of
Parham
,
Newport
,
and
Compton
,
Littleton
,
Peyton
,
Packington
,
Ashburnham
,
Russel
,
Legg
,
Philips
,
Halsey
,
and
many
others
,
whom
I
shall
not
name
,
being
seised
,
are
committed
to
a
long
and
irksom
Imprisonment
,
and
some
transported
to
the
Plantations
.
The
Republicans
also
,
Wildman
,
Overton
,
and
(
much
about
the
same
time
)
Vane
,
are
made
Prisoners
.
All
the
Prisoners
who
were
clearly
convicted
of
the
Fact
,
are
severely
punished
:
Many
shed
their
generous
Blood
,
Not
a
few
put
to
death
.
some
being
beheaded
at
Salisbury
,
and
some
at
Exeter
;
as
Penruddock
,
Groves
,
Lucas
:
and
others
died
upon
a
Gibbet
,
who
ought
to
have
had
their
Memories
eternized
in
Statues
.
But
not
many
of
the
rest
were
put
to
death
,
as
not
being
taken
in
the
Fact
,
or
escaping
in
the
Crowd
of
so
many
concerned
,
or
,
lastly
,
not
any
one
accusing
another
.
Cromwell's
Arts
of
Discovery
.
Now
the
Reader
is
to
know
how
Cromwell
came
to
the
knowledge
of
the
matter
.
He
had
given
power
to
the
publick
Postmasters
,
who
were
all
at
his
devotion
,
to
stop
suspected
People
,
open
and
secretly
read
their
Letters
,
and
if
they
appeared
to
insinuate
any
thing
tending
to
an
Insurrection
,
to
give
him
an
account
of
them
;
if
there
were
any
thing
found
ambiguously
written
,
to
write
it
down
,
till
he
might
have
an
opportunity
either
of
seising
or
branding
the
Parties
with
pregnant
suspicion
.
He
narrowly
observed
all
Posts
and
Messengers
,
caused
them
sometimes
to
be
stopp'd
,
and
carefully
searched
from
Head
to
Foot
,
terrifying
them
with
Threats
and
Imprisonments
,
and
plying
them
with
Wine
and
other
Engines
of
Discovery
,
he
found
out
the
most
hidden
Secrets
.
He
therefore
hired
and
dispersed
about
many
Spies
and
Eve-droppers
;
nay
,
Spies
mingled
amongst
the
Cavaliers
;
and
some
clandestine
ones
amongst
the
Cavaliers
themselves
,
who
openly
stood
up
for
the
King
and
Royal
Cause
,
but
Men
of
no
Estates
nor
Honesty
,
who
prying
into
all
the
Secrets
they
could
,
gave
intelligence
of
them
.
But
these
Men
did
but
little
Service
being
accustomed
to
detect
things
that
were
publickly
known
,
and
sometimes
contradictory
.
He
gained
a
considerable
and
topping
Traytor
,
one
Manning
,
Especially
one
Manning
that
lived
at
Court
,
whose
Father
died
in
defence
of
the
Royal
Cause
,
as
he
himself
had
formerly
served
the
King
,
and
received
a
Wound
in
the
Foot
;
being
a
Gentleman
of
a
good
Family
,
and
by
Religion
a
Roman
Catholick
:
who
notwithstanding
,
that
he
might
be
the
more
acceptable
,
and
make
way
for
his
future
Treachery
,
daring
in
a
manner
to
mock
God
,
took
the
Sacrament
,
after
the
manner
of
the
Church
of
England
.
Cromwell
by
Craft
and
Allurements
wholly
debauched
this
Man
into
his
Party
;
who
insinuated
himself
into
the
King's
Service
,
and
the
Society
of
the
Courtiers
,
under
pretext
of
raising
amongst
the
Royalists
Six
thousand
pounds
English
a
year
,
for
the
Use
of
His
Majesty
,
Cromwell
in
the
mean
time
privately
paying
the
Money
.
Under
this
specious
colour
,
he
securely
dived
into
the
Counsels
of
the
King
and
of
His
Friends
,
and
weekly
sends
an
Account
of
them
;
till
at
length
(
as
no
Treason
can
be
long
concealed
)
the
Rat
discovered
himself
,
and
being
guilty
of
the
Death
of
so
many
Brave
Men
,
Who
at
length
was
justly
put
to
death
.
by
his
own
Blood
,
which
was
all
he
could
do
,
he
expiated
his
Crime
.
Cromwell
calls
a
Parliament
of
Commoners
onely
,
But
a
Parliament
is
now
called
at
London
,
though
not
after
the
ancient
manner
:
The
Commons
are
onely
called
to
sit
and
consult
in
Parliament
;
nor
these
neither
freely
elected
by
all
the
People
.
But
before
they
were
suffered
to
enter
the
House
,
Cromwell
spake
to
them
to
this
purpose
:
Wherein
he
brags
of
his
own
good
Deeds
.
That
some
years
ago
none
would
have
thought
of
such
a
Door
of
Hope
;
that
he
knew
there
were
yet
many
Humours
and
Interests
,
and
that
Humours
were
above
Interest
;
that
the
Condition
of
England
was
like
Israel
in
the
Wilderness
;
that
this
was
a
Healing
Day
;
there
was
neither
Nobleman
,
nor
Gentleman
,
nor
Yeoman
before
known
by
any
Distinction
;
we
had
not
any
that
bore
Rule
or
Authority
,
but
a
great
Contempt
of
Magistracy
and
Christ's
Ordinances
:
That
the
Fifth
Monarchy
was
highly
cried
up
by
Persons
who
would
assume
the
Government
;
but
that
desired
thing
wanted
greater
manifestation
than
appeared
,
for
such
Men
to
change
the
Authority
by
.
He
desired
this
Honourable
Assembly
to
remedy
all
these
Disorders
;
shewed
,
That
the
Wars
with
Portugal
,
France
,
and
the
Dutch
,
do
and
did
eat
up
the
Assessments
;
That
swarms
of
Jesuits
are
crept
in
to
make
Divisions
,
which
were
grown
so
wide
,
that
nothing
but
his
Government
could
remedy
them
:
And
let
Men
say
what
they
will
,
he
could
speak
it
with
comfort
before
a
Greater
than
any
of
them
.
Then
he
shewed
what
he
had
done
during
his
Government
:
First
,
his
Endeavours
of
reforming
the
Laws
,
having
joyned
all
Parties
to
assist
in
that
great
Work
:
Next
,
his
filling
the
Benches
with
the
Ablest
Lawyers
:
Then
his
Regulation
of
the
Court
of
Chancery
,
and
his
Darling
Ordinance
for
the
Approbation
of
Ministers
(
which
hindred
all
that
list
from
invading
the
Ministry
)
by
Men
of
both
Persuasions
,
Presbyterians
and
Independents
,
&c.
And
lastly
,
his
being
Instrumental
to
call
a
Free
Parliament
;
which
he
valued
,
and
would
keep
it
so
above
his
Life
.
Then
he
shewed
the
Advantage
of
the
Peace
with
the
Dutch
,
Dane
,
and
Suede
,
Which
he
would
have
the
Parliament
to
confirm
.
and
the
Protestant
Interest
,
which
he
would
have
them
improve
and
intend
chiefly
:
That
they
were
now
upon
the
Edge
of
Canaan
:
That
he
spoke
not
as
their
Lord
,
but
their
Fellow-servant
:
And
then
bad
them
go
and
chuse
their
Speaker
.
Cromwell
having
spoken
to
this
effect
,
the
Members
,
without
returning
him
Thanks
,
as
is
usual
,
went
to
the
House
.
Lenthall
being
again
chosen
Speaker
,
But
they
,
on
the
contrary
,
nibble
at
the
Instrument
of
Government
,
The
Officers
and
Courtiers
opposing
it
,
they
fall
first
upon
the
New
Instrument
of
Government
;
all
the
Clauses
and
Articles
whereof
they
thorowly
sift
and
examine
.
The
Officers
of
the
Army
who
were
Privy-Counsellors
,
and
all
who
depended
on
Cromwell
,
vigorusly
oppose
that
,
saying
,
That
that
Instrument
was
to
be
taken
for
the
Basis
and
Foundation
of
the
Government
,
no
ways
to
be
called
in
question
,
since
by
the
Authority
thereof
the
Parliament
met
;
and
that
it
would
be
contrary
to
the
Dictates
of
Natural
Reason
,
to
bring
it
to
a
Trial.
Nay
,
many
,
and
particularly
Lambert
,
threaten
,
That
if
the
Parliament
did
not
approve
and
confirm
it
,
they
themselves
would
call
another
,
nay
a
third
,
and
a
fourth
,
till
it
should
be
at
length
established
by
Publick
Consent
.
But
the
Republicans
urging
the
same
.
But
the
Republicans
stood
stiff
to
the
contrary
,
making
answer
,
That
the
Government
was
usurped
by
Craft
and
Force
,
not
procured
by
Right
,
nor
confirmed
by
the
Free
Votes
of
the
People
;
that
it
laid
Snares
for
the
Liberty
of
the
Commonwealth
,
and
made
way
for
a
most
grievous
Tyranny
.
One
amongst
the
rest
,
in
the
heat
of
the
Debate
,
was
so
bold
as
to
say
,
That
since
they
were
approaching
so
near
to
Monarchy
,
it
were
better
to
call
one
of
the
Royal
Family
to
the
Government
,
than
that
Cromwell
should
usurp
the
Scepter
and
Crown
.
But
Cromwell
severely
checks
these
Debates
,
Cromwell
being
informed
of
these
Debates
,
comes
in
great
rage
to
the
Parliament
,
and
tells
them
to
this
effect
:
That
they
were
not
called
together
that
they
might
confound
and
turn
all
things
again
into
the
former
Chaos
,
but
that
they
should
build
upon
the
Foundation
and
Ground-work
already
laid
down
,
and
not
to
be
altered
:
That
his
Authority
could
not
be
called
in
question
,
unless
at
the
same
time
they
invalidated
their
own
Power
;
since
the
present
Parliament
was
called
by
him
,
and
by
him
had
liberty
to
consult
:
That
he
alone
had
the
Right
of
setling
Fundamentals
,
upon
which
they
had
power
to
raise
and
beautifie
Superstructures
:
That
he
was
resolved
to
maintain
the
Government
and
Supreme
Power
in
a
Single
Person
,
to
call
a
Parliament
once
in
Three
years
,
not
to
sit
above
Five
months
without
his
Consent
,
&c.
That
to
violate
or
innovate
these
things
,
should
neither
be
in
the
Power
of
the
Protector
nor
Parliament
:
That
in
other
things
they
might
consult
and
enact
as
they
pleased
for
the
Publick
Good
.
And
obliges
all
that
would
enter
the
House
to
own
the
Government
.
But
because
Admonition
might
not
be
sufficient
,
he
thinks
fit
to
apply
Force
.
Next
day
a
Guard
of
Soldiers
being
set
before
the
Door
of
the
House
,
no
Man
was
suffered
to
enter
,
unless
he
signed
the
following
Recognition
:
I
shall
be
faithful
to
the
Lord
Protector
,
and
shall
not
endeavour
to
change
the
Government
of
a
Single
Person
.
Many
who
could
not
swallow
that
Bit
,
are
debarred
from
the
Privilege
of
Sitting
.
Nevertheless
,
so
many
Republicans
took
the
Recognition
,
as
made
the
Cromwellian
Faction
and
Republican
almost
equal
;
some
who
underhand
favoured
the
King
joyning
themselves
to
each
Side
,
enflaming
Animosities
,
and
,
as
much
as
might
be
,
setting
the
Parties
,
who
seriously
treated
these
Affairs
,
at
greater
variance
:
Insomuch
,
However
,
he
left
all
his
Labour
.
that
after
five
Months
continual
jangling
and
debate
,
Cromwell
was
not
able
to
bring
his
Affairs
to
any
good
issue
in
this
Parliament
.
Nor
do
the
Republican
Spirits
onely
prevail
in
the
Parliament
,
but
also
in
the
Army
.
The
Republican
Soldiers
conspire
his
ruine
.
For
these
consult
and
plot
together
,
how
they
might
apprehend
Cromwell
,
and
bring
him
before
the
Parliament
,
to
be
accused
and
condemned
of
Treason
;
thinking
with
themselves
,
that
if
they
could
lay
Hands
upon
him
,
and
make
him
Prisoner
,
there
would
be
a
sudden
change
of
Affairs
;
and
that
his
Favourers
and
Adherents
being
thereby
baulked
,
would
sculk
and
shift
for
themselves
.
The
truth
is
,
the
Officers
of
Three
thousand
Horse
,
and
of
no
inconsiderable
number
of
Foot
,
frequently
met
in
Somerset-house
,
and
elsewhere
,
about
the
contriving
and
carrying
on
of
that
Design
:
But
before
the
Matter
came
to
maturity
,
Which
he
smelling
out
,
presently
dissolved
the
Parliament
.
by
the
Treachery
of
Pride
,
it
came
to
Cromwell's
Ears
,
who
,
by
a
hasty
Dissolution
of
the
Parliament
,
prevented
all
those
Machinations
,
and
disbanded
those
Officers
.
In
the
mean
time
Cromwell
having
received
a
splendid
Embassie
from
Sueden
,
He
makes
Peace
with
Sueden
,
with
equal
Magnificence
,
he
concluded
a
Peace
with
that
Crown
,
and
dismissed
the
Embassadors
with
hopes
of
a
nearer
Alliance
.
He
makes
Peace
also
with
France
,
And
France
.
and
promises
to
send
over
Assistance
thither
,
if
the
Affairs
of
England
would
permit
him
.
But
all
this
while
,
the
specious
Pretext
of
Supreme
Authority
was
wanting
to
these
Attempts
.
The
Parliament
had
denied
their
Collective
Votes
;
to
make
that
up
therefore
,
it
remains
,
that
the
Distributive
Votes
of
all
the
People
be
had
,
and
that
the
Officers
break
the
Ice
.
For
Support
of
his
Authority
he
procures
Gratulatory
Addresses
from
the
Officers
of
the
Army
in
Scotland
,
Wherefore
Gratulatory
Petitions
or
Addresses
are
sent
by
the
Commanders
of
the
several
Regiments
of
the
Army
in
Scotland
,
whereby
they
thank
the
Lord
Protector
for
having
changed
the
Form
of
Publick
Government
to
the
better
.
They
pray
him
to
go
on
in
the
discharge
of
that
Province
which
by
Providence
he
hath
undertaken
;
promising
with
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
to
maintain
and
defend
him
in
all
difficulties
.
Then
from
the
Officers
in
England
,
But
amongst
the
English
Officers
there
was
a
necessity
of
a
wheadling
Pretext
;
to
wit
,
That
the
Malignants
and
Enemies
of
the
Country
now
triumphed
,
as
if
the
Army
breaking
into
Discords
and
Divisions
,
would
presently
renounce
their
General
Cromwell
:
That
therefore
a
Petition
of
that
nature
must
needs
be
framed
,
wherein
by
applauding
the
Protector
,
they
would
convince
those
that
were
of
a
contrary
Opinion
.
With
much
ado
he
obtained
that
amongst
the
Republicans
;
but
at
length
(
some
refusing
to
sign
it
,
as
venturing
rather
Cromwell's
Displeasure
and
Revenge
,
than
by
a
sneaking
Compliance
to
betray
the
Rights
and
Privileges
of
the
People
)
all
the
rest
agree
to
the
Petition
.
The
Army
thus
leading
the
Dance
,
And
afterwards
from
some
Corporations
.
some
Corporations
and
Counties
follow
;
and
these
,
possessed
by
what
Spirit
I
know
not
,
heap
so
many
and
so
great
Elogies
upon
the
Man
,
that
striving
to
outdo
others
in
Hyperbolical
Cant
and
Flattery
,
they
fall
into
Blasphemy
,
and
blush
not
most
profanely
to
attribute
to
this
Man
,
Titles
that
are
peculiar
to
God
Almighty
.
He
affected
to
be
a
Promoter
of
Justice
,
In
the
mean
time
(
to
give
the
Devil
his
Due
)
he
restores
Justice
,
as
well
Distributive
,
as
Commutative
,
almost
to
its
ancient
Dignity
and
Splendour
;
the
Judges
without
Covetousness
discharging
their
Duties
,
according
to
Law
and
Equity
;
and
the
Laws
(
unless
some
few
that
particularly
concerned
Cromwell
)
having
full
and
free
course
in
all
Courts
,
without
hindrance
or
delay
.
Mens
Manners
also
,
And
a
rigid
Censurer
of
Manners
,
at
least
outwardly
,
seemed
to
be
reformed
to
the
better
,
whether
by
really
substracting
the
Fewel
of
Luxury
,
or
through
fear
of
the
Ancient
Laws
,
now
revived
and
put
in
execution
.
His
own
Court
also
was
regulated
according
to
a
severe
Discipline
;
here
no
Drunkard
,
nor
Whoremonger
,
nor
any
guilty
of
Bribery
,
was
to
be
found
,
without
severe
Punishment
.
Trade
began
again
to
prosper
;
and
,
in
a
word
,
gentle
Peace
to
flourish
all
over
England
.
He
studied
also
to
gain
an
Opinion
of
extraordinary
Sanctity
among
the
Church-men
;
And
a
Favourer
of
the
Clergy
,
for
no
Man
affected
to
seem
more
tender
of
the
Clergy
than
he
,
though
he
would
not
list
himself
in
any
particular
Sect
,
nor
espouse
particular
Opinions
:
He
was
,
indeed
,
more
inclined
towards
the
Independents
,
his
Affairs
so
requiring
;
but
a
severe
Enemy
to
all
the
Orthodox
Clergy
of
England
.
He
gave
it
out
,
That
it
was
his
onely
wish
and
desire
to
see
the
Church
in
Peace
,
and
that
all
would
gather
together
into
one
Sheep-fold
,
under
one
Shepherd
,
Jesus
Christ
,
and
mutually
love
one
another
;
whilst
under-hand
he
set
them
together
by
the
Ears
,
Whose
Divisions
nevertheless
he
foments
,
whilst
he
seemed
earnest
in
composing
of
them
.
and
promoted
their
Dissentions
.
He
projected
some
specious
Proposals
of
Reconciliation
betwixt
the
Presbyterians
and
Independents
;
but
when
they
were
upon
the
point
of
agreement
,
he
put
them
again
at
greater
variance
.
Under
pretext
also
of
moderating
and
pacifying
the
Divisions
of
the
Scottish
Remonstrators
and
Assembly-men
,
he
blows
up
the
Embers
,
and
kindles
greater
Flames
amongst
them
.
By
turns
he
used
to
countenance
all
sorts
of
Fanaticks
,
that
the
hair-brain'd
People
might
the
more
obstinately
stick
to
their
Whimseys
and
Scruples
;
of
whom
,
if
he
could
frame
any
one
to
his
own
Temper
,
by
prying
into
his
Secrets
,
he
shewed
himself
easie
and
tractable
to
the
Opinions
and
Punctilio's
of
any
Religion
.
He
had
moreover
the
knack
of
wheadling
and
alluring
all
with
hopes
of
Favours
,
and
fawning
Offices
,
but
so
,
as
they
must
know
,
there
was
no
resisting
of
the
Bridle
;
if
otherwise
,
he
would
break
out
into
Anger
,
Industriously
suppressing
the
Insolence
of
the
Presbyterians
.
and
thunder
Threatnings
.
If
he
perceived
that
the
Presbyterians
began
to
raise
their
Crests
,
be
troublesom
to
their
Neighbours
,
seem
uneasie
under
the
Government
,
or
meddle
in
Civil
Affairs
,
then
would
he
threaten
and
denounce
all
Evils
to
the
Sect
,
and
let
loose
against
them
the
Anabaptists
,
Quakers
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Fanaticks
,
who
took
pleasure
in
disputing
with
the
Preachers
,
and
interrupting
them
in
their
Divine
Worship
;
and
by
such
Brutes
he
created
no
small
trouble
to
the
swelling
Presbyterians
:
Nay
,
he
was
heard
by
many
to
glory
,
that
he
had
curbed
that
Insolent
Sect
(
as
he
used
privately
to
call
it
)
which
would
suffer
none
but
it self
,
so
that
they
had
humbly
begg'd
his
leave
,
and
thanked
him
for
granting
them
permission
to
Preach
and
perform
Divine
Worship
after
their
manner
,
in
their
own
Congregations
,
and
to
those
who
were
willing
to
submit
to
their
Government
.
Though
the
Publick
Use
of
the
Service-Book
was
denied
to
the
Episcopal
Party
,
yet
in
Private
Houses
he
allows
them
the
Use
of
their
Rites
.
He
not
onely
cherished
,
He
was
ill-affected
towards
the
Church
of
England
,
tho
he
was
accustomed
to
caress
some
few
.
but
seemed
also
mightily
to
love
Dr.
Brownrigg
,
a
Bishop
,
and
other
Learned
Men
,
whom
heretofore
he
was
acquainted
with
at
Cambridge
,
whilst
they
were
suffered
by
the
Parliament
to
live
there
,
and
commanded
them
to
visit
him
often
:
yet
it
was
his
custom
,
so
soon
as
they
were
gone
,
to
forget
,
calumniate
,
and
deride
them
.
If
any
were
suspected
by
him
to
promote
the
Royal
Cause
,
or
to
contrive
against
himself
,
they
must
be
sent
to
Foreign
Plantations
,
chained
and
imprisoned
,
severely
checked
,
interrupted
in
their
Sermons
,
haled
before
Officers
or
Justices
of
the
Peace
,
and
not
dismissed
till
they
found
Security
for
their
Good
Behaviour
,
and
the
keeping
of
the
Peace
.
Nevertheless
,
though
the
State
of
the
Church
seemed
now
sad
and
deplorable
,
yet
it
is
not
to
be
denied
,
but
that
milder
Courses
were
used
,
than
under
the
rigid
Tyranny
of
others
that
went
before
.
The
Independents
get
into
the
Chief
Places
of
Honour
and
Profit
,
He
hugged
the
Independents
:
whom
he
countenanced
with
his
own
Familiarity
;
and
at
length
gave
them
liberty
to
call
an
Assembly
at
the
Savoy
,
that
the
Preachers
or
Prelates
of
the
Independent
Churches
in
all
Counties
meeting
there
,
might
make
a
Confession
of
their
Faith
,
and
justifie
themselves
from
absurd
Opinions
,
with
which
they
were
branded
by
some
:
but
especially
,
and
indeed
,
that
they
might
shew
their
Numbers
and
Strength
,
and
by
knowing
one
another
,
associate
together
into
a
stricter
Union
.
Though
this
Meeting
was
not
celebrated
till
Richard
was
possess'd
of
the
Government
,
yet
the
Grant
of
it
was
obtained
in
Oliver's
time
.
Nor
was
he
an
enemy
to
Fanaticks
,
He
allows
a
Toleration
of
Religion
to
all
sorts
of
Fanaticks
.
Though
publickly
he
detested
,
And
Roman-Catholicks
.
and
seemed
an
implacable
Enemy
to
the
Papists
;
yet
he
was
very
familiar
with
some
of
them
,
and
very
obliging
towards
them
:
Nay
,
once
he
set
afoot
a
Treaty
with
them
,
about
a
general
Toleration
of
Religion
,
converting
the
third
part
of
their
Rents
,
wherein
by
our
Laws
they
are
fined
,
into
a
certain
Sum
of
Money
.
But
because
they
could
not
agree
upon
the
Money-consideration
,
and
that
he
smelt
out
that
it
would
be
ungrateful
to
the
People
,
and
give
occasion
of
Stirs
and
Commotions
,
he
thought
it
more
expedient
for
that
time
to
desist
.
But
what
success
soever
that
Affair
had
,
he
gave
to
all
Liberty
of
Mass
privately
;
and
Priests
and
Jesuits
,
who
by
the
Law
are
guilty
of
Death
if
they
set
foot
in
England
,
had
never
greater
freedom
,
nor
did
they
ever
more
boldly
carry
on
their
Designs
,
in
the
Camp
,
Courts
,
and
Pulpits
,
some
of
them
being
even
raised
to
Promotion
;
so
that
amongst
the
unstable
and
ill-grounded
,
they
reaped
no
small
Harvest
of
Proselytes
.
He
creates
Censurers
of
the
Preachers
out
of
every
S●ct
;
He
appointed
a
Convention
of
Lay-men
and
Church-men
,
as
well
Presbyterians
and
Independents
,
as
also
Anabaptists
,
who
had
power
to
judge
of
Promotions
,
and
the
Collation
of
Ecclesiastical
Benefices
,
vacant
by
Death
or
Deposition
;
to
call
before
them
,
and
examine
Competitors
,
put
Questions
to
them
concerning
their
Manners
and
Learning
,
and
especially
about
the
Marks
of
the
In-dwelling
of
the
Holy
Spirit
;
and
sometimes
about
Civil
Matters
,
as
,
If
they
liked
a
Popular
State
.
It
was
lawful
to
these
either
to
admit
to
,
or
debar
from
the
Cure
of
Souls
,
whom
they
pleased
,
without
any
regard
to
Ordination
.
I
shall
not
mention
how
much
,
according
to
the
various
Tempers
of
the
Men
,
by
Sollicitations
,
Promises
,
Gifts
,
Who
basely
minded
their
own
Profit
.
and
Bribes
,
things
were
Symoniacally
transacted
in
that
kind
of
Office
,
Lay-men
,
Soldiers
,
Bankrupt
Tradesmen
,
and
Shop-keepers
,
being
also
admitted
into
the
Ministry
,
and
mingled
with
some
skilful
Preachers
who
had
been
Ordained
.
He
endears
and
obliges
to
himself
Seculars
,
He
studies
to
ingratiate
himself
with
all
men
,
according
to
their
various
Humours
:
With
the
Nobility
,
by
specious
Offices
,
such
as
were
accommodated
to
the
different
Humours
of
the
Men.
The
Nobles
and
Great
Men
(
for
with
some
few
of
them
he
had
an
Intimacy
)
he
delighted
with
Raillery
and
Jesting
,
contended
with
them
in
mimical
Gestures
,
and
entertained
them
with
merry
Collations
,
Musick
,
Hunting
,
and
Hawking
.
But
the
Godly
,
The
Godly
,
and
those
that
professed
much
Piety
,
he
would
humour
with
holy
Conferences
,
Prayers
also
(
when
it
was
needful
)
,
and
Expounding
of
Sacred
Scripture
.
O!
how
he
would
magnifie
Divine
Mercy
,
casting
his
Eyes
up
to
Heaven
,
and
laying
his
Hand
on
his
Breast
,
in
shew
adoring
his
Maker
with
Tears
and
Sighs
!
When
he
was
in
the
Country
,
Country
People
,
he
used
once
or
oftner
a
Year
,
to
give
the
Neighbours
about
,
a
Buck
,
to
be
run
down
in
his
Park
,
and
some
Money
to
buy
Wine
to
make
merry
with
.
And
also
the
Soldiers
.
He
would
often
make
Feasts
for
the
Inferiour
Officers
,
and
whilst
they
were
a
feeding
,
before
they
had
satisfied
their
Hunger
,
cause
the
Drums
to
beat
,
and
let
in
the
Private
Soldiers
to
fall
on
,
and
snatch
away
the
half-eaten
Dishes
.
The
robust
and
sturdy
Soldiers
he
loved
to
divert
with
violent
and
hurtful
Exercises
;
as
by
making
them
sometimes
throw
a
burning
Coal
into
one
anothers
Boots
,
or
Cushions
at
one
anothers
Heads
.
When
the
Officers
had
sufficiently
laughed
,
and
tired
themselves
with
these
Preludes
,
he
would
wheadle
them
to
open
their
Hearts
freely
;
and
by
that
means
he
drew
some
Secrets
from
the
unwary
,
which
afterwards
they
wished
might
have
been
wrapp'd
up
in
everlasting
darkness
:
whilst
he
,
in
the
mean
time
,
pumping
the
Opinions
of
all
others
,
concealed
his
own
.
Let
not
the
Reader
take
it
ill
,
that
I
have
taken
notice
of
such
Trifles
;
which
,
indeed
,
would
not
be
worth
the
minding
,
had
not
Matters
of
great
moment
depended
on
these
idle
and
ridiculous
Toys
.
For
whatever
he
could
catch
by
that
Artifice
,
he
kept
in
his
Mind
,
till
he
thought
fit
to
discover
and
apply
them
to
his
own
Purposes
.
Always
glancing
at
his
own
Profit
:
He
was
rich
in
Promises
,
but
at
the
same
time
very
sparing
of
Gifts
;
for
he
never
bestowed
a
Place
or
Office
,
till
first
he
weighed
it
exactly
in
the
Scales
of
his
own
Profit
,
that
he
might
thereby
reap
considerable
Advantage
to
himself
;
as
,
when
he
advanced
his
Countrymen
,
the
more
sagacious
,
or
such
as
were
ready
to
undertake
any
thing
,
to
Preferments
.
He
had
the
knack
of
prying
into
,
and
winding
about
the
Minds
of
all
,
even
of
his
Enemies
themselves
,
besetting
them
with
Snares
,
Artifices
,
and
Wiles
.
If
he
perceived
any
one
caught
in
the
Trap
,
his
way
was
to
put
him
upon
odious
Employments
,
as
Raising
and
Collecting
Assessments
,
informing
against
and
accusing
of
others
;
and
so
he
endeavoured
to
render
him
hateful
to
the
rest
:
But
if
he
was
altogether
inflexible
,
and
would
not
conform
to
his
Humour
,
then
would
he
turn
him
off
,
and
make
him
lose
all
his
past
long
Services
.
A
most
cunning
Diver
into
the
Manners
of
Men.
No
Man
dived
more
cunningly
into
the
Manners
of
Men
,
and
into
the
Tempers
of
those
with
whom
he
had
Business
to
do
,
nor
sooner
discovered
their
Talent
;
no
Man
knew
more
of
Men
;
nay
,
if
there
was
any
Man
in
all
England
that
was
singular
in
any
Art
or
Faculty
,
he
could
not
be
hid
from
him
.
And
most
prodigious
Hypocrite
.
He
had
an
absolute
command
over
all
the
Passions
and
Affections
of
his
own
Mind
;
could
weep
when
he
saw
his
Friend
in
Tears
,
yet
without
any
Grief
;
he
would
seem
to
hug
in
his
Bosom
,
and
shew
all
kind
of
Civility
to
the
Man
whom
he
hated
:
sometimes
he
would
break
out
into
Fury
and
Rage
,
and
scold
till
he
came
to
Blows
;
but
next
day
again
be
sorry
for
his
Transports
,
and
from
thence
take
occasion
of
sawning
and
slattering
.
But
enough
of
the
Tyrant
:
Let
us
now
say
somewhat
of
the
King
.
He
had
not
been
long
at
Cologne
,
King
Charles
finds
for
the
Duke
of
Glocester
his
Brother
from
France
,
before
he
had
News
of
his
Brother
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
whom
,
being
as
yet
a
Child
,
the
Parricides
had
sent
beyond-Sea
,
and
for
no
other
end
,
as
was
believed
by
many
,
but
that
he
might
make
Shipwrack
of
his
Faith
and
Religion
.
He
lived
,
indeed
,
in
great
danger
,
amongst
Roman
Catholicks
,
who
tampered
with
him
,
threatning
him
with
the
Everlasting
Wrath
of
God
,
and
Temporal
Punishments
,
if
he
embraced
not
the
Roman
Catholick
Faith
.
But
though
he
bravely
resisted
the
Temptation
,
and
by
an
unparallelled
Example
maintained
the
Orthodox
Religion
,
the
Kings
Majesty
,
nevertheless
,
fearing
his
young
and
tender
years
,
Lest
the
Stripling
might
be
in
danger
of
h●
Religion
amongst
Catholicks
.
lest
at
length
he
might
be
prevailed
upon
,
either
by
the
Importunity
of
those
Men
,
or
the
Allurements
of
his
Mother
,
sent
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
into
France
,
with
pathetick
and
dehortatory
Letters
,
to
take
him
out
of
the
Hands
and
Custody
of
the
Queen-Mother
,
and
bring
him
to
Cologne
.
The
Princess
Mary
came
also
from
Holland
,
and
many
other
Nobles
,
who
went
with
the
King
to
Dus●●●dorp
,
to
visit
the
Prince
of
Neuburgh
,
and
the
〈◊〉
of
Mentz
.
His
Majesty
also
saluted
the
〈◊〉
of
Sweden
upon
her
Journey
into
Italy
,
〈◊〉
from
Frankfort
on
the
Mane
;
and
ha●●●g
●●●en
leave
of
the
Princess
,
his
Sister
,
whom
〈◊〉
accompanied
to
the
Spaw-waters
,
he
re●●●●ed
to
Cologne
:
〈…〉
by
a
certain
Astrologer
,
Oneal
.
Where
the
Bishop
of
Avignon
,
that
he
might
gain
Credit
to
Astrological
Predictions
,
sent
him
out
of
France
a
Scheme
calculated
by
one
Oneal
a
Mathematician
,
wherein
he
predicted
,
That
in
the
Year
One
thousand
six
hundred
and
sixty
,
the
King
should
certainly
enter
England
in
a
triumphant
manner
;
which
since
,
to
our
wonder
,
we
have
seen
fulfilled
,
all
the
People
triumphantly
rejoycing
.
Whether
he
foretold
this
by
the
Principles
of
his
Art
,
or
fortuitously
,
I
shall
not
determine
.
The
King
,
notwithstanding
,
bends
His
Thoughts
towards
England
,
watching
every
Opportunity
to
be
laid
hold
on
,
for
the
advancement
of
His
Affairs
.
In
the
mean
time
,
whilst
He
with
great
tranquillity
of
Mind
suffered
greatest
Adversity
,
Cromwell
had
neither
Rest
nor
Security
in
his
Prosperity
,
Cromwell
continually
dogg'd
with
anxious
&
biting
Cares
,
since
the
time
the
last
Whirlwind
had
blown
with
so
much
fury
and
force
;
whether
he
was
lashed
by
the
Furies
of
an
ill
Conscience
,
or
terrified
with
growing
Dangers
,
he
never
was
at
ease
.
In
the
day-time
his
Looks
were
intent
upon
new
and
unusual
Spectacles
;
he
took
particular
notice
of
the
Carriage
,
Manners
,
Habit
,
and
Language
of
all
Strangers
,
especially
if
they
seemed
joyful
:
He
never
stirred
abroad
but
with
strong
Guards
,
wearing
Armour
underneath
his
Clothes
,
and
Offensive
Weapons
,
as
a
Sword
,
Faulchion
,
and
several
Pistols
;
Thinks
himself
safe
no
where
.
never
coming
back
the
streight
Publick
Rode
,
or
the
same
way
,
nor
never
passing
but
in
great
haste
and
with
speed
.
How
many
Locks
and
Keys
are
for
the
Doors
of
his
House
?
Seldom
he
slept
above
three
Nights
together
in
the
same
Chamber
;
nor
in
any
,
that
had
not
two
or
three
Back-doors
,
Guards
being
set
at
all
of
them
.
Let
us
here
mention
one
Passage
,
which
tho'
indeed
ridiculous
,
had
nevertheless
almost
cost
him
his
Life
.
Being
much
troubled
with
the
Stone
,
he
used
sometimes
to
swill
down
several
sorts
of
Liquor
,
and
then
stir
his
Body
by
some
violent
kind
of
Motion
,
as
Riding
hard
on
Horseback
,
or
Jolting
in
a
Coach
,
that
by
such
Agitation
he
might
disburden
his
Bladder
.
Wherefore
one
day
he
took
with
him
his
Secretary
Thurlow
,
that
they
two
by
themselves
might
privately
use
this
Exercise
,
in
a
Coach
in
Hide-Park
.
When
they
were
come
thither
,
Cromwell
himself
got
up
into
the
Coach-box
,
Getting
into
the
Coach-box
to
exercise
his
Body
,
drawn
by
six
stout
Horses
,
lately
presented
him
by
the
Count
Oldenburgh
:
But
so
soon
as
he
began
to
snap
his
Whip
,
the
Horses
run
away
,
and
the
Postilion
who
was
to
guide
them
being
thrown
off
of
the
Forehorse
,
they
fall
a
fretting
,
and
grow
unruly
,
and
not
knowing
their
Master
,
toss
their
new
Driver
from
his
Seat
upon
the
Pole
;
He
was
very
near
being
torn
to
pieces
alive
by
Horses
.
who
falling
from
thence
upon
the
Ground
,
and
being
entangled
in
his
Coat
,
was
dragged
up
and
down
,
till
having
received
many
Bruises
,
and
a
Pocket-Pistol
going
off
in
his
Pocket
,
his
Coat
rent
,
and
he
escaped
from
the
very
Jaws
of
Death
;
a
Troop
of
Guards
that
waited
without
the
Park
,
hastning
in
to
his
Assistance
,
God
Almighty
thought
it
not
fit
that
this
Plague
of
England
should
thus
expire
,
though
he
was
not
far
from
the
just
punishment
of
his
Crimes
,
that
is
,
from
being
torn
to
pieces
alive
by
unruly
Horses
.
But
this
made
work
for
Poets
and
Post-boys
,
and
afforded
pleasant
Discourse
in
Taverns
.
Of
new
he
oppresses
the
Royalists
,
whom
he
spoils
of
the
tenth
part
of
their
Goods
,
Cromwell
now
growing
bare
of
Money
,
dispersed
his
Souldiers
over
the
Countrey
,
allowing
them
free
Quarters
instead
of
Pay
;
taking
a
pretext
from
a
late
Insurrection
,
without
any
accusation
or
proof
of
a
Crime
,
to
plunder
all
those
who
had
been
sequestrated
for
the
Royall
Cause
,
commanding
them
to
pay
the
tenth
part
of
their
Goods
,
and
of
their
yearly
Rents
;
unless
they
could
compound
for
it
,
by
laying
down
a
Sum
of
Money
,
as
had
been
often
done
before
.
The
Publick
Faith
,
and
Act
of
Oblivion
stood
them
in
no
stead
;
though
it
had
cost
vast
Sums
of
Money
,
Withot
any
distinction
.
or
had
been
stipulated
by
Articles
upon
the
surrender
of
Garrisons
and
strong
places
:
Nor
did
the
innocence
of
many
,
who
had
not
meddled
in
these
Affairs
,
in
the
least
excuse
them
;
all
are
equally
involved
in
the
Guilt
,
and
must
all
alike
part
with
their
Money
.
He
sets
Major
Generals
over
Provinces
,
New
Major
Generals
are
appointed
to
raise
the
Moneys
in
all
Counties
,
to
the
number
of
fourteen
,
each
having
their
Province
,
which
perhaps
reached
three
or
four
Counties
,
over
which
,
as
amongst
the
Romans
,
the
Military
Tribunes
,
so
these
were
appointed
with
almost
an
absolute
Power
.
Who
had
great
power
given
them
over
suspected
persons
.
And
that
they
might
not
seem
thus
to
domineer
onely
for
Money
,
they
are
impowered
to
make
inquiry
into
all
those
who
had
carried
Arms
for
the
King
,
or
had
favoured
that
Cause
;
those
who
had
heretofore
bought
up
Arms
,
or
had
hired
or
let
out
Post-horses
;
into
Privat
Assemblies
;
those
who
live
at
too
high
a
rate
,
when
it
is
not
known
how
they
are
able
to
afford
it
;
into
Vagabonds
and
Idle
Persons
;
into
those
that
frequent
any
sort
of
Game
;
those
who
slight
,
or
are
averse
from
the
established
Governments
;
into
such
as
raise
Tumults
or
Sedition
;
those
who
haunt
Taverns
,
Tipling
and
Eating-houses
;
into
unlearned
and
scandalous
Ministers
and
School-masters
:
All
such
the
Major
Generals
had
power
to
inquire
into
,
call
before
them
,
and
punish
.
To
these
were
joined
Assessors
in
the
several
Counties
,
Towns
and
Provinces
,
for
most
part
chosen
out
of
the
very
Sink
of
the
People
,
though
others
of
better
note
were
sometimes
mingled
with
them
;
these
had
Power
upon
common
Fame
,
proper
Knowledge
,
or
bare
Conjecture
,
to
inform
against
others
,
make
them
appear
,
and
accuse
them
before
the
Major
General
of
the
Army
,
with
whom
they
sat
as
Assessors
in
giving
Judgment
.
Good
God!
how
Princely
these
fellows
carry
it
!
Especially
over
Ministers
turned
out
of
their
Livings
,
who
are
not
permitted
so
much
as
to
teach
little
Children
.
how
big
and
proud
do
they
look
,
despising
and
slighting
all
others
of
what
rank
and
quality
soever
?
Nothing
pleased
them
more
than
to
insult
over
,
and
oppress
the
Ministers
of
the
Church
of
England
,
sufficiently
already
born
down
;
who
being
long
ago
turned
out
of
their
Houses
and
Livings
,
these
Blades
would
not
so
much
as
suffer
them
to
teach
little
Children
,
thereby
to
get
Bread
to
themselves
and
Families
,
unless
some
Fanatick
interceded
for
them
,
which
happened
rarely
,
and
but
to
a
few
.
The
Royalists
being
right
or
wrong
before
sequestred
,
must
now
suffer
a
Decimation
;
and
be
threatned
with
Imprisonment
,
Bonds
,
and
Transportation
,
which
sometimes
were
actually
inflicted
.
Licentious
indeed
was
the
Rule
of
these
Men
,
they
carry
all
things
Arbitrarily
,
and
with
Despotick
Authority
;
making
themselves
Judges
of
Controversies
,
(
though
they
were
ignorant
of
,
and
despised
all
Forms
and
Methods
of
Process
,
)
which
they
constantly
decided
in
favours
of
the
Faction
and
their
Party
.
They
imposed
new
and
unusual
Punishments
;
nay
,
and
made
new
Laws
:
Raised
People
out
of
their
Beds
at
Midnight
,
and
committed
them
to
Goals
;
nay
,
and
caused
Constables
,
who
have
the
power
of
keeping
the
Peace
in
Countrey
Villages
,
to
be
whipt
,
and
put
in
the
Stocks
;
compelled
Persons
of
Quality
,
who
had
appeared
for
neither
Party
;
nay
,
such
as
had
been
for
the
Parliament
,
and
others
also
,
who
heretofore
by
hereditary
right
had
si●ten
in
the
House
of
Lords
,
to
come
and
give
their
Votes
in
the
Elections
for
Parliament-Men
.
At
length
their
Exorbitant
Power
being
suspected
to
Cromwell
himself
,
they
are
wholly
abolished
.
Being
at
length
drunk
with
that
Exorbitant
Power
,
they
hardly
acknowledged
the
Protector
himself
,
and
begun
to
spurn
against
the
mighty
Tyrant
;
which
made
him
by
degrees
lessen
their
Power
,
and
upon
the
approach
of
a
Parliament
wholly
abolish
it
.
About
the
same
time
Cromwell
sends
one
of
his
Bedchamber
Envoy
into
Poland
,
there
to
Congratulate
the
Victories
of
the
King
of
Sweden
;
with
a
present
of
four
brave
Horses
,
as
a
Testimony
of
his
Affection
.
Whether
or
not
,
Private
Affairs
be
worth
the
relating
,
may
be
a
doubt
;
yet
,
that
the
inclinations
of
the
People
may
be
known
,
I
shall
mention
some
Passages
.
Some
Imprisoned
for
the
Royal
Cause
,
Davison
,
Holder
,
and
Thorold
,
are
brought
into
suspition
of
acting
for
the
King
,
and
of
using
endeavours
to
bring
him
in
;
therefore
they
are
committed
to
a
Provost
Marshal
,
to
be
shortly
brought
to
Tryal
before
the
High
Court
of
Justice
.
In
the
mean
time
,
having
obtained
leave
from
him
to
walk
abroad
,
they
wheadled
the
Soldier
into
a
by
place
,
whom
,
because
he
refused
to
consent
to
their
escape
,
they
Pistolled
.
For
a
Murder
afterward
committed
,
are
brought
to
a
Tryal
,
and
acquitted
by
a
Jury
.
But
being
afterwards
apprehended
,
they
are
brought
to
their
Tryal
for
Murder
before
the
Lord
Chief
Justice
of
the
Kings
Bench
,
in
Westminster-hall
,
and
submitted
themselves
to
the
Verdict
of
a
Jury
of
Twelve
Men
;
a
Tryal
that
onely
pleases
our
Countrey-men
,
as
being
according
to
Law
.
Nevertheless
,
though
they
were
taken
in
the
fact
,
and
that
the
Judge
himself
had
promised
to
use
his
endeavours
to
have
these
Men
Condemned
;
yet
,
I
know
not
what
scruples
being
started
,
the
Jury
brought
them
in
,
Not
guilty
;
which
thing
vexed
Cromwell
,
who
had
resolved
with
himself
that
they
should
certainly
die
for
it
.
This
instance
made
him
inveigh
bitterly
against
the
ancient
way
of
Tryal
;
After
the
same
manner
Lilburn
escaped
Death
;
and
Stawell
thrice
.
reflecting
also
how
Lilburn
two
years
before
,
by
the
same
means
escaped
his
fury
;
and
as
luckily
also
,
one
Stawell
,
who
was
a
Knight
,
notwitstanding
the
Capitulation
he
had
made
upon
the
surrender
of
his
Garrison
,
being
thrice
brought
to
a
Tryal
of
his
Life
,
(
a
barbarous
thing
,
and
contrary
to
Law
,
to
be
again
tried
for
one
and
the
same
crime
)
was
thrice
acquitted
by
the
Jury
.
This
,
though
the
strongest
Bulwark
against
Tyranny
,
he
affirms
ought
to
be
taken
away
,
as
a
hindrance
to
Justice
;
complaining
,
The
Tyrant
objects
against
the
Ancient
Custom
of
a
Jury
of
twelve
Men.
That
Sacred
Justice
was
rashly
put
into
the
Hands
of
the
Profane
,
Common
People
;
that
the
weightiest
matters
of
Law
did
not
depend
upon
the
Sentences
of
the
Learned
in
the
Law
,
but
upon
the
Pleasure
and
Prejudices
of
a
Company
of
Men
,
destitute
of
all
Ingenious
Learning
,
nay
,
and
almost
of
Common
Sense
.
That
it
was
more
consonant
to
Justice
,
that
fifty
Men
chosen
out
of
the
flower
of
the
whole
Nation
,
should
determine
of
Lives
and
Fortunes
.
Under
these
Colours
and
Pretexts
,
he
subverted
the
wholsom
Constitutions
of
our
Fore-fathers
,
and
invented
a
new
way
of
Butchery
of
his
own
.
But
I
desire
that
both
our
Countrey-men
and
Foreigners
would
take
notice
,
This
wholesom
Custom
is
justied
.
that
this
Custom
of
Tryal
by
a
Jury
of
Twelve
Men
,
founded
on
Reason
and
Equity
,
granted
us
by
the
singular
favour
both
of
the
Saxon
and
Norman
Kings
,
and
practised
amongst
us
time
out
of
mind
,
though
it
was
in
this
Age
for
a
short
time
intermitted
,
yet
it
was
approved
by
the
Publick
desires
of
all
.
The
truest
Judges
of
the
Commons
,
are
the
Commons
;
as
of
the
Nobles
,
their
Peers
;
since
Men
of
the
same
Rank
and
Quality
are
aptest
to
love
,
and
not
to
envy
one
another
.
Besides
,
if
the
Sheriff
empannel
any
who
bear
you
a
grudge
,
you
may
challenge
and
reject
them
.
How
are
they
to
be
accused
of
ignorance
,
since
the
matter
of
Fact
is
known
by
Evidence
,
who
alledge
,
and
by
their
Oath
prove
it
in
open
Court
?
and
the
point
of
Law
they
are
to
be
directed
by
the
Judges
who
are
versed
therein
.
The
Fact
is
better
examined
by
a
plain
and
uncorrupted
Conscience
,
than
cunning
,
that
serves
the
ends
of
another
.
The
Judges
and
Bench
have
onely
their
Duty
to
mind
,
Consult
for
the
common
Interest
,
and
with
the
publick
good
procure
the
favour
of
their
Princes
.
On
the
other
hand
,
those
whom
the
offended
Conquerour
appoints
as
Arbiters
of
your
Life
and
Fortune
,
obeying
the
pleasure
of
one
Master
,
and
obsequiously
oppress
you
.
Accused
Subjects
,
whom
before
they
looked
upon
as
Servants
,
they
now
sternly
frown
upon
as
Publick
Enemies
;
and
without
more
ado
,
find
them
guilty
of
Treason
,
and
condemn
them
to
suffer
accordingly
.
It
is
a
Compendious
and
rare
way
of
Justice
,
indeed
,
to
have
the
same
Men
to
be
the
Accusers
,
Witnesses
,
Informers
,
Judges
;
nay
,
and
plainly
,
the
Executioners
,
and
very
often
also
the
Authors
of
the
Crimes
.
About
this
time
great
Troubles
hapned
in
Piedmont
in
Savoy
:
for
the
Duke
of
that
Country
,
by
Military
force
,
drove
many
of
the
Reformed
Religion
out
of
their
own
Habitations
,
not
without
Blood
and
Slaughter
.
Cromwell
takes
upon
him
their
Protection
,
writing
for
that
end
to
the
Suitzers
and
French
King
;
Cromwell
assists
the
Protestants
oppressed
by
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
and
having
sent
a
Messenger
to
visit
them
,
who
might
intercede
for
them
,
and
relieve
their
Wants
with
Money
.
For
the
Money
that
was
charitably
raised
for
their
use
all
over
England
,
he
partly
,
indeed
,
distributed
amongst
them
,
but
reserved
the
greatest
part
for
other
Times
and
Occasions
.
At
that
time
England
was
in
a
Fermentation
,
secretly
designing
a
War
;
whereof
the
Mediterranean
felt
the
first
Effort
,
which
afterward
fell
upon
Spain
,
though
not
with
the
same
force
and
violence
.
An
Expedition
into
the
Mediterranean
Sea
under
Blake
;
Blake
was
made
Admiral
of
the
first
Fleet
,
being
ordered
to
sail
into
the
Mediterranean
,
there
to
give
a
Proof
of
our
Strength
by
Sea
,
to
block
up
Algiers
,
Tripoly
,
and
Tunis
,
and
having
redeemed
the
English
Captives
,
to
make
Peace
with
these
Towns
,
or
rather
Nests
of
Pyrats
;
which
if
they
refused
,
to
reduce
them
by
force
to
better
terms
.
The
Divan
of
Algiers
,
upon
payment
of
the
just
Ransoms
,
and
having
mutually
interchanged
honourable
Presents
with
the
English
,
Who
easily
agreeing
with
the
Algerines
,
without
any
difficulty
restore
the
Captives
,
and
publish
an
Edict
whereby
free
Commerce
for
the
future
is
allowed
to
the
English
Nation
.
He
chastises
the
Pride
of
those
of
Tunis
,
by
burning
their
Ships
in
the
very
Harbour
.
But
he
chastises
the
Insolence
of
those
of
Tunis
,
who
had
answered
proudly
,
having
sent
in
some
Ships
,
and
burnt
eight
of
theirs
in
Porto-Ferina
;
which
having
broken
and
humbled
the
Infidels
,
at
length
they
agree
to
a
Peace
.
Another
greater
into
America
.
But
the
other
Expedition
required
greater
preparatives
;
as
being
carried
on
by
the
remains
of
the
Dissenting
and
Disbanded
Souldiers
,
to
wit
,
of
Essex
,
Waller
,
and
Massey's
Armies
,
&c.
some
Royalists
and
Republicans
also
,
but
sparingly
joyned
with
them
.
The
first
reason
of
it
.
For
these
being
for
the
most
part
indigent
and
dangerous
at
home
,
watched
all
opportunities
of
innovation
;
and
therefore
business
is
found
out
for
them
abroad
,
that
they
might
not
be
troublesome
to
others
,
but
ease
England
a
little
by
the
departure
of
so
many
Men.
The
second
.
The
Protector
made
his
brags
openly
,
that
by
a
War
with
Spain
,
the
Nation
would
attain
to
much
Glory
,
Wealth
,
and
large
Dominions
in
the
West-Indies
:
The
third
.
And
not
only
cut
off
the
Sinews
of
War
whereby
the
Spaniards
infested
Europe
,
but
also
hinder
the
Influx
of
the
Spirits
and
Life
of
it
,
by
intercepting
their
Riches
.
Nor
did
he
doubt
of
an
easie
and
cheap
Victory
.
The
fourth
.
For
the
Spaniards
were
but
few
,
and
those
dispersed
over
the
vast
Territories
of
America
;
and
that
it
was
credible
,
that
the
Natives
,
weary
of
their
hard
and
tedious
Bondage
,
would
upon
the
first
glimpse
of
liberty
,
rise
up
against
the
Tyranny
of
the
Spaniards
.
That
though
the
Towns
were
well
fortified
,
yet
they
were
unprepared
for
making
a
resistance
,
the
Souldiers
being
unaccustomed
to
War
;
nay
,
though
Garrisoned
by
such
as
had
been
inured
to
fighting
,
yet
all
relief
by
Sea
being
stopt
,
and
the
Land
not
affording
Provisions
either
for
the
English
,
or
the
Inhabitants
,
they
must
in
a
short
time
be
starved
out
.
The
fifth
.
The
neighbouring
Plantations
of
our
Countrey-men
,
besides
,
accustomed
to
the
Climat
and
Diet
,
could
yearly
furnish
supplies
;
so
that
there
could
neither
be
any
want
of
Souldiers
for
subduing
the
Provinces
,
nor
of
People
to
be
Transported
into
better
Plantations
.
N●y
,
(
and
which
went
a
great
way
,
)
there
was
not
wanting
a
certain
Divine
,
that
gave
vent
to
the
Ambition
which
flamed
sufficiently
of
it self
,
and
who
well
understood
the
Enthusiastick
humour
of
Cromwell
.
This
Man
bid
him
,
Go
,
and
prosper
;
calls
him
,
A
Stone
cut
out
of
the
Mountains
without
Hands
,
that
should
break
the
Pride
of
the
Spaniard
,
crush
Antichrist
,
and
make
way
for
the
Purity
of
the
Gospel
over
the
whole
World
.
Swollen
therefore
with
this
hope
,
he
sends
for
Officers
and
Commanders
from
all
Places
,
sollicits
,
wheadles
them
with
good
words
and
with
fair
Promises
of
their
past
Arrears
,
and
I
know
not
what
Mountains
of
Gold
perswades
them
to
undertake
the
Voyage
.
He
raises
also
private
Souldiers
,
and
fits
out
a
considerable
Fleet
;
he
makes
Penn
Admiral
at
Sea
,
Penn
Admiral
at
Sea
,
and
Venables
General
at
Land
.
and
Vennables
General
of
the
Land
Forces
,
Men
that
could
not
set
their
Horses
together
;
joining
with
them
Commissioners
,
who
were
acquainted
with
the
Humours
,
and
Language
of
the
Inhabitants
,
and
skilful
in
the
Harbours
and
advantages
of
Places
,
with
whose
advice
the
Generals
were
to
manage
all
matters
;
and
presently
orders
them
to
make
sail
to
the
Caribbee
Islands
,
there
shortly
to
expect
all
necessary
Provisions
from
England
.
The
Spaniard
being
afraid
.
Whil'st
these
things
are
carrying
on
in
England
,
the
Neighbouring
Princes
were
at
a
stand
what
to
think
on
't
;
but
the
Spaniard
was
most
startled
,
who
from
Dunkirk
sent
the
Marquess
of
Leda
to
learn
if
he
intended
to
keep
the
Peace
with
him
.
But
he
from
the
Answers
conjecturing
the
Design
,
speedily
returns
,
and
repented
too
late
of
his
too
early
honouring
an
Usurper
.
They
arrive
first
at
Barbadoes
;
In
six
or
seaven
weeks
time
,
with
a
fair
Wind
,
they
arrived
at
Barbadoes
,
the
most
flourishing
of
all
the
Islands
;
from
thence
sailing
to
St.
Christophers
,
and
other
Circumjacent
Islands
,
they
raise
nine
or
ten
thousand
Men
,
not
so
much
Souldiers
,
as
Porters
,
Slaves
,
and
Rogues
,
who
in
hopes
of
Booty
,
not
with
design
to
undergo
the
Perils
and
Toils
of
a
Military
Life
,
engaged
in
the
Service
;
fitter
to
make
up
a
number
,
than
to
sight
.
Trusting
to
this
Army
(
though
I
must
confess
some
old
Souldiers
were
mingled
with
them
)
Arms
and
Ammunition
not
being
as
yet
brought
from
England
,
(
so
that
instead
of
Pikes
many
were
fain
to
make
use
of
Poles
)
they
sail
to
the
Island
of
Hispaniola
,
Afterwards
they
saile
to
Hispaniola
,
with
a
design
to
proceed
to
Carthagena
after
they
had
taken
St.
Domingo
.
that
surprising
and
making
sure
of
St.
Domingo
the
chief
Town
,
and
leaving
there
a
Magazine
with
as
many
Souldiers
as
they
could
spare
,
they
might
proceed
to
Carthagena
;
but
when
they
came
in
view
of
St.
Domingo
,
having
landed
part
of
the
Souldiers
near
the
Town
,
whilst
the
rest
fetched
a
compass
about
,
that
they
might
attack
it
on
the
other
side
,
the
signal
is
expected
.
But
these
having
fatally
sailed
ten
Leagues
beyond
the
place
appointed
for
the
landing
,
put
ashoar
in
another
place
,
and
marching
through
a
Sandy
and
thick
Woody
Country
,
But
they
are
first
overcome
by
the
heat
and
thirst
,
they
were
so
scorched
and
burnt
up
with
heat
and
thirst
,
that
some
being
quite
spent
,
fell
dead
by
the
way
;
many
stragling
to
find
somewhat
to
asswage
their
thirst
,
were
killed
by
the
Enemy
:
the
rest
hardly
able
to
go
or
stand
upon
their
Legs
,
at
length
joyn
their
Companions
.
There
,
Orders
were
published
,
which
were
as
grievous
to
their
Minds
as
the
drought
had
been
to
their
Bodies
,
whereby
They
are
commanded
upon
pain
of
Death
to
bring
all
the
Gold
,
Silver
,
and
Rich
Goods
that
they
should
find
,
into
a
Common
Treasury
.
The
hope
of
booty
had
hitherto
kept
up
their
Spirits
;
but
now
being
destitute
of
all
comfort
,
and
sensible
of
their
present
and
past
fatigues
,
they
were
setting
forward
on
their
march
towards
St.
Domingo
;
when
after
a
sudden
volley
of
small
shot
,
Then
by
the
Inhabitants
,
three
hundred
Cow-hunters
armed
with
Lances
break
out
of
the
Woods
upon
them
,
and
having
put
them
into
disorder
killed
them
till
they
were
weary
.
But
next
Day
,
the
Army
being
refreshed
as
well
as
they
could
,
their
design
succeeded
somewhat
better
.
At
length
drawing
off
their
Forces
,
they
bid
adieu
to
that
unhappy
Land
,
having
lost
six
hundred
Men
or
more
.
Then
they
set
sail
towards
Jamaica
,
to
the
Westward
,
a
pleasant
Island
,
and
,
as
it
were
,
a
Garden
of
Delights
;
which
they
easily
become
Masters
of
,
the
Spaniards
Capitulating
to
be
gone
;
And
at
length
by
a
Plague
in
Jamaica
,
whither
they
had
betaken
themselves
.
but
there
a
direful
Plague
,
the
avenger
of
Wickedness
,
raged
amongst
the
English
,
which
within
six
Months
infected
and
swept
away
the
whole
Army
except
two
Souldiers
.
Afterwards
new
Souldiers
,
and
fresh
supplies
coming
by
little
and
little
to
their
refreshment
,
they
drive
all
the
Spaniards
out
of
Jamaica
,
which
extends
in
length
threescore
Leagues
,
and
thirty
in
breadth
,
and
bravely
repulsed
those
that
attempted
to
come
back
again
;
becoming
Masters
of
the
whole
Island
,
and
raising
Forts
in
several
places
for
their
defence
.
Thus
Divine
Wisdom
baffles
the
Pride
and
Vanity
of
Man
.
The
Spaniard
declaring
War
,
Cromwell
assists
the
French
upon
these
Conditions
.
The
Spaniard
to
be
revenged
Proclaims
War
against
Cromwell
:
And
he
on
the
other
hand
makes
a
League
with
the
French
,
that
at
the
Peril
and
Charges
of
others
,
he
might
give
the
Spaniard
his
Hands
full
on
't
.
It
was
therefore
agreed
,
That
Cromwell
should
send
six
thousand
Men
over
into
Flanders
,
to
be
payed
by
the
French
;
and
that
the
second
Town
that
should
be
taken
,
should
belong
to
the
English
;
and
that
CHARLES
King
of
England
,
with
all
His
Court
and
Family
,
should
be
Banished
France
,
lest
he
might
any
way
be
aiding
and
assisting
to
the
Enemy
.
The
Duke
of
York
,
the
Kings
Brother
,
forseeing
that
,
renounces
the
French
Service
,
wherein
he
had
hitherto
bravely
behaved
himself
under
Marshal
Turen
;
King
CHARLES
and
the
Duke
of
York
being
invited
,
go
into
Flanders
,
and
shortly
after
both
the
King
and
He
,
are
by
Don
John
of
Austria
and
others
invited
to
come
into
Flanders
,
having
a
Pension
of
Nine
thousand
pounds
English
a
year
settled
upon
them
,
which
his
Majesty
after
his
return
into
England
fully
repaid
.
Where
the
Duke
serves
the
Spaniard
.
They
came
first
to
Brussels
;
and
there
the
Duke
is
made
General
of
the
English
,
Scots
and
Irish
,
who
left
the
French
Army
at
the
Kings
Command
,
and
now
served
the
Spaniard
.
Manasses
Ben
Israel
,
a
Jew
,
desires
liberty
for
his
Nation
to
live
and
Trade
in
England
.
At
that
time
one
Manasses
Ben
Israel
,
a
Jewish
Rabbi
,
came
from
Holland
,
and
desired
leave
of
the
Protector
that
the
Jews
might
be
suffered
to
live
in
England
,
and
enjoy
a
Free
Trade
,
using
many
Arguments
for
obtaining
that
Favour
;
as
,
in
the
first
place
,
The
Innocence
of
their
Lives
,
and
the
Gain
that
would
accrue
from
their
Trade
;
and
others
easie
to
be
deduced
from
the
Native
Genius
and
Qualities
of
that
People
:
But
the
advantage
he
most
boasted
of
,
was
,
their
Art
in
giving
the
best
Intelligence
,
seeing
they
knew
the
secret
Designs
and
Counsels
of
all
Princes
;
these
he
promises
to
discover
to
him
,
and
at
the
same
time
to
defeat
the
Counsels
that
might
be
prejudicial
to
his
Interests
.
Lastly
,
which
was
the
strongest
Argument
of
all
,
he
promises
a
great
Sum
in
ready
Money
,
and
some
Thousands
of
Pounds
yearly
to
be
paid
into
the
Exchequer
.
To
which
Cromwell
listens
,
in
hopes
of
gain
:
Such
golden
Promises
,
with
the
sweet
smell
of
Gain
,
soon
prevailed
,
the
Exchequer
especially
at
that
time
being
exhausted
,
much
Debt
contracted
,
and
Cromwell
casting
about
all
ways
how
he
might
have
Money
to
defray
the
Publick
Charges
.
But
a
fair
and
honest
Pretext
was
wanting
:
Therefore
,
on
a
day
prefixed
,
But
having
first
consulted
Divines
,
Divines
are
called
to
meet
,
and
give
their
Judgments
about
this
Matter
;
Why
,
since
we
pray
to
God
for
the
Conversion
of
the
Jews
,
we
should
banish
them
our
Society
;
as
if
we
,
who
are
enlightned
by
the
bright
Beams
of
the
Gospel
,
ought
to
be
afraid
of
our
Religion
because
of
Jews
?
He
being
assured
of
a
great
many
Votes
,
made
no
doubt
but
that
they
would
comply
with
him
:
But
,
alas
!
what
a
Tide
of
Contradiction
had
he
to
stem
?
Of
whom
some
,
contrary
to
his
expectation
,
are
of
a
contrary
Opinion
.
Some
Divines
on
the
day
appointed
disputing
to
the
contrary
,
not
without
some
inward
heat
and
anger
,
so
that
they
seemed
rather
to
decline
than
promote
the
Determination
of
the
Controversie
,
by
opposing
this
rapid
Motion
.
However
,
he
resolved
to
connive
,
and
allow
them
liberty
to
trade
in
England
,
with
an
Indulgence
of
their
Religion
according
to
the
Rites
of
Moses
,
without
any
publick
Examination
going
before
,
or
(
as
it
is
usual
amongst
Catholicks
)
coming
yearly
after
,
and
without
teaching
or
catechising
them
.
The
English
Fleet
,
Commanded
by
Montague
and
Blake
,
But
this
Year
was
famous
for
the
Actions
of
Mountague
,
since
Earl
of
Sandwich
,
and
of
Blake
:
For
they
with
a
Joynt-Commission
commanding
the
Fleet
,
whilst
they
were
cruising
upon
the
Coast
of
Spain
,
without
the
Straits
Mouth
,
met
with
Eight
great
Spanish
Ships
,
whom
Stainer
presently
engages
with
Three
Frigats
onely
;
for
the
rest
could
not
come
up
because
of
the
Wind
:
but
with
so
much
Bravery
and
Resolution
he
plied
them
with
his
Broadsides
,
that
within
three
or
four
Hours
space
he
mastered
them
all
;
Defeats
eight
Spanish
Ships
richly
laden
;
whereof
two
were
taken
.
one
being
sunk
,
another
burnt
,
two
escaping
into
Cadiz
,
and
two
more
forced
ashore
and
broke
to
pieces
,
wherein
were
lost
Sixty
thousand
Wedges
of
Silver
,
besides
other
rich
Goods
of
vast
Value
.
However
,
two
of
them
fell
into
the
hands
of
the
Victorious
,
with
a
great
deal
of
Coyned
Gold
,
to
the
quantity
of
Six
hundred
thousand
Pieces
,
much
Silver
,
curiously-wrought
Plate
,
and
other
things
of
value
,
together
with
two
Sons
of
the
Marquess
de
Baydexio
,
Don
Joseph
de
Savega
,
and
Don
Francisco
de
Lopes
;
the
Marquess
himself
,
with
his
Lady
,
and
Daughter
,
who
was
to
be
married
to
the
Son
of
the
Duke
of
Medina
Sidonia
,
being
burnt
.
The
two
Brothers
that
remained
alive
,
were
by
Cromwell
discharged
without
any
Ransom
.
England
now
being
sufficiently
plagued
by
those
petty
Tyrants
whom
they
called
Major-Generals
,
A
second
Parliament
,
c●nsisting
onely
of
Co●moners
,
wherein
Scots
and
Irish
are
admitted
,
who
(
as
we
said
before
)
began
to
be
uneasie
to
all
,
another
Parliament
is
called
;
but
not
after
the
ancient
manner
,
but
onely
made
up
of
the
Commoners
or
People
;
Thirty
being
called
out
of
Scotland
,
and
as
many
from
Ireland
;
Cromwell
tampering
with
many
,
and
the
Major
Generals
hindring
the
Elections
and
Votes
of
several
,
that
the
House
might
not
be
filled
with
Republicans
.
In
the
mean
while
no
Man
is
suffered
to
enter
the
House
,
till
first
he
subscribed
to
the
Authority
of
the
Protector
;
so
that
by
that
means
most
of
the
Republicans
of
either
sort
are
excluded
from
sitting
.
Suits
better
with
Cromwells
Interests
Sir
Thomas
Widdrington
is
chosen
Speaker
.
Many
things
passed
here
in
favour
of
Cromwell
:
as
,
That
it
should
be
Treason
to
conspire
his
Death
:
and
,
That
the
Royal
Family
should
be
renounced
.
Nor
is
it
in
this
place
to
be
omitted
,
that
about
this
time
many
things
were
publickly
talked
of
to
the
prejudice
of
the
King
:
as
,
That
he
was
Consumptive
,
and
could
not
live
long
;
That
he
was
also
Melancholy
,
and
inclinable
to
a
Monastick
Life
,
laying
aside
all
desire
of
Government
;
and
that
the
Duke
of
York
was
a
Professed
Papist
;
that
by
that
means
they
might
wheadle
over
the
credulous
and
unwary
to
their
Party
,
by
removing
every
thing
that
might
curb
and
keep
them
in
awe
.
The
Customs
are
renewed
;
a
vast
Triennial
Tax
also
imposed
upon
all
Houses
built
upon
new
Foundations
in
London
,
and
witbin
Ten
miles
round
,
that
every
one
of
them
should
pay
a
years
Rent
.
At
length
,
Since
they
would
have
made
him
King
,
at
the
Motion
of
a
certain
Citizen
of
London
,
the
Parliament
resolves
to
give
Cromwell
the
Title
of
King
,
with
most
of
the
Ensigns
of
Royalty
,
which
he
had
already
long
ago
usurped
;
and
many
Members
apply
themselves
to
him
,
beseeching
him
that
he
would
vouchsafe
to
accept
of
it
:
which
he
sometimes
made
a
shew
as
if
he
would
embrace
;
but
by
and
by
again
appeared
doubtful
,
and
at
length
shifted
it
off
.
I
think
it
will
not
displease
the
Reader
if
I
give
in
this
place
a
short
hint
at
the
main
Reasons
whereby
the
Members
of
Parliament
endeavoured
to
incline
Cromwell
to
accept
of
the
Title
of
King
,
which
inwardly
he
was
most
ambitious
of
,
though
outwardly
he
affected
a
reluctancy
.
This
Affair
was
by
the
Parliament
committed
to
the
diligent
management
of
six
or
seven
of
their
number
.
Alledging
these
Reasons
for
it
:
These
Men
urg'd
,
That
the
name
of
King
had
always
been
in
vogue
from
the
very
beginning
in
this
Nation
,
for
the
space
of
above
thirteen
hundred
years
;
that
the
Person
of
the
King
had
sometime
displeased
the
People
;
but
that
the
Title
was
never
before
abrogated
;
that
moreover
the
same
was
fitted
to
our
Laws
,
and
the
Humour
of
the
People
,
and
approved
not
onely
by
the
Votes
of
the
preceding
,
but
of
this
present
Prarliament
also
.
To
which
he
answering
,
Cromwell
answers
,
That
these
were
persuasive
,
but
no
cogent
Arguments
;
that
the
Title
of
Protector
might
be
adapted
to
the
Laws
;
that
Providence
was
against
them
,
which
hath
now
altered
the
Name
;
and
that
he
could
not
without
a
Crime
displease
so
many
Godly
and
Religious
Men.
But
the
Commissioners
reply
,
They
strongly
reply
.
That
the
Title
ought
to
be
fitted
to
the
Laws
,
not
the
Laws
to
Titles
;
nay
,
that
the
Innovation
of
Titles
is
suspected
as
a
Cloak
for
Vnderhand
Tyranny
,
and
that
the
disadvantages
of
such
a
kind
of
change
are
never
felt
in
in
the
same
Age
;
for
which
very
Reason
,
when
King
James
came
to
the
Crown
of
this
Kingdom
,
the
Parliament
would
not
give
way
that
in
his
Title
,
instead
of
England
and
Scotland
,
he
should
insert
Great
Britain
.
That
by
refusing
the
Title
of
King
,
he
does
not
derogate
so
much
from
himself
,
as
from
the
Nation
;
whose
Honour
it
is
to
be
governed
by
a
King
.
That
the
supreme
Magistrate
was
never
designed
by
the
Name
of
Protector
,
unless
for
a
time
,
during
the
Nonage
of
the
King
,
for
the
Administration
of
the
Government
,
and
a
Title
for
the
most
part
unfortunate
.
That
that
Name
at
present
having
its
Original
from
the
Souldiers
,
sounded
Victory
,
and
might
be
lawfully
rescinded
by
another
Parliament
.
That
the
Title
of
King
being
once
abolished
,
the
Government
would
become
mutable
and
unsafe
,
not
durable
,
if
the
Foundation
tottered
;
that
in
the
space
of
five
years
it
had
been
three
or
four
times
altered
,
and
was
yet
as
wavering
,
as
heretofore
the
alteration
of
Title
was
ominous
to
the
Roman
People
,
who
neither
could
endure
the
Name
of
Prince
,
nor
of
Perpetual
Dictator
,
nor
of
the
Prince
of
the
Senate
,
till
at
length
the
Pleasure
of
Caesar
went
for
Law
.
The
chief
Argument
.
But
the
strongest
Argument
of
all
was
,
The
Statutes
of
the
Ninth
of
Edward
the
Fourth
,
and
of
the
Third
of
Henry
the
Seventh
,
wherein
it
was
enacted
,
That
no
Man
carrying
Arms
,
though
unjustly
,
for
the
King
in
being
,
shall
be
punished
for
it
;
and
that
in
the
late
Wars
,
more
trusting
to
that
Law
,
were
in
Arms
for
the
King
,
than
of
those
who
loved
his
Cause
.
That
as
to
Providence
,
it
was
no
less
conspicuous
in
changing
the
Government
again
into
Monarchy
,
for
avoiding
confusion
,
and
quelling
a
tumultuous
People
,
than
in
changing
the
Name
of
a
Monarch
into
that
of
Protector
.
That
,
lastly
,
Good
and
Godly
Men
would
submit
to
a
Decree
of
Parliament
,
though
perhaps
they
might
seem
to
differ
in
private
.
A
great
deal
of
time
is
spent
betwixt
Cromwell
and
the
Committee
in
mutual
Answers
and
Replies
;
but
after
much
affectation
of
Words
,
they
still
fell
upon
the
same
Heads
again
.
There
was
no
less
to
do
with
the
private
Addresses
of
different
Parties
;
Who
they
were
that
would
have
had
him
take
the
Title
of
King
.
most
of
the
Pettyfogging
Lawyers
,
the
Commissioners
for
the
Great
Seal
,
the
Judges
,
and
some
of
the
Officers
of
the
Army
,
relying
upon
the
former
Reasons
,
entreat
,
urge
,
and
earnestly
importune
him
,
That
he
would
consent
to
take
upon
him
the
Name
of
King
.
And
who
on
the
other
hand
as
fiercely
opposed
it
.
On
the
other
hand
,
the
Anabaptists
,
Sectarians
,
and
Democratical
Republicans
,
by
Letters
,
Conferences
,
and
Monitory
Petitions
,
wearied
him
with
their
importunities
to
the
contrary
.
Many
also
of
the
Soldiers
and
inferiour
Officers
,
laying
their
Heads
together
,
frame
a
Petition
to
the
same
purpose
.
But
he
,
during
the
whole
transaction
,
dismisses
all
with
the
same
uncertainty
and
doubts
;
however
he
severely
chid
the
Soldiers
,
biding
them
mind
their
own
business
,
for
what
had
they
to
do
with
the
Resolutions
of
Parliament
?
that
they
should
look
to
their
Arms
,
and
keep
themselves
modestly
within
their
own
bounds
,
not
medling
in
Civil
Affairs
;
but
that
if
they
did
forget
their
Duty
and
Obedience
,
neither
God
Almighty
,
nor
he
himself
would
be
wanting
to
reduce
them
into
order
.
The
Cavaliers
for
several
reasons
were
for
the
first
Advice
.
The
Cavaliers
are
Tooth
and
Nail
for
his
complying
with
the
first
Advice
,
as
being
a
Matter
which
they
thought
would
not
a
little
contribute
to
the
reviving
of
their
Cause
,
whilst
continual
jangling
and
and
dissentions
would
thereby
arise
betwixt
the
Republicans
and
Cromwell
;
and
the
Office
of
King
being
again
introduced
,
the
onely
Quarrel
would
then
be
betwixt
two
Families
,
which
of
the
two
had
the
better
Title
,
the
one
having
it
by
undoubted
right
,
and
the
other
by
none
at
all
.
And
besides
,
thereby
it
would
be
made
manifest
for
what
cause
the
War
was
in
a
great
part
begun
,
to
wit
,
the
sole
Ambition
of
Cromwell
.
But
he
having
taken
time
to
weigh
with
himself
all
their
Opinions
,
thought
it
more
modest
and
suitable
to
his
Interest
,
to
retain
his
more
than
Regal
Authority
,
circumscribed
by
no
Laws
,
under
the
submissive
Title
of
Protector
,
Cromwell
rejecting
the
Crown
which
be
so
earnestly
coveted
,
than
by
coveting
an
August
Name
,
render
himself
ridiculous
to
the
World
.
At
length
having
called
the
Parliament
unto
him
,
He
tells
them
,
That
at
present
he
durst
not
take
upon
him
the
Administration
of
the
Government
with
the
Title
of
King
;
though
he
was
resolved
in
future
Parliaments
to
introduce
it
by
degrees
,
how
humbly
soever
at
present
he
carried
himself
,
and
utterly
rejected
the
same
.
I
cannot
tell
whether
or
not
it
be
worth
the
mentioning
,
what
many
interpreted
as
a
bad
presage
.
Whilst
the
Members
of
Parliament
were
going
up
to
the
Banqueting-House
in
Whitehall
,
to
have
the
last
Debate
with
Cromwell
about
that
Affair
,
his
eldest
Son
Richard
being
in
company
with
them
,
the
old
Stairs
by
which
they
mounted
being
overcharged
with
weight
broke
with
them
,
so
that
many
fell
to
the
ground
;
of
whom
not
a
few
had
bruises
in
their
Legs
and
Arms
,
and
amongst
the
rest
Richard
being
grievously
wounded
,
lay
by
it
a
long
time
.
But
since
Cromwell
refused
the
Title
of
King
,
With
much
ado
,
he
obtained
from
the
Parliament
the
Title
of
Protector
,
the
Parliament
,
by
the
superiority
of
two
Voices
onely
,
confirmed
to
him
that
of
Protector
,
which
he
had
taken
before
;
and
that
they
might
not
seem
to
have
done
nothing
at
all
,
they
agreed
about
reforming
the
Instrument
of
Government
,
and
added
a
House
of
Peers
,
or
Lords
,
to
be
chosen
by
him
,
That
these
Men
might
as
occasion
offered
,
be
a
check
sometimes
to
the
Commons
when
they
proceeded
too
hastily
.
They
give
him
likewise
Power
of
appointing
his
Successour
or
next
Heir
.
That
no
Man
,
however
lawfully
elected
according
to
the
above-mentioned
Conditions
,
should
under
any
pretext
whatsoever
,
be
excluded
from
sitting
in
Parliament
.
And
is
solemnly
Inaugurated
by
the
Speaker
.
On
a
day
appointed
the
Members
march
to
Westminster-hall
,
there
solemnly
to
Inaugurate
Cromwell
,
and
to
receive
his
consent
.
So
soon
as
he
had
mounted
a
Stage
erected
for
that
purpose
,
round
which
the
Members
of
Parliament
sat
,
Widdrington
the
Speaker
reaching
to
him
the
Ensigns
of
Majesty
,
to
wit
,
a
long
Purple
Robe
lined
wtth
Ermin
,
the
Holy
Bible
,
a
Sword
and
Scepter
,
thus
he
speaks
to
him
,
standing
near
him
under
a
Canopy
of
State
.
This
Robe
of
Purple
is
an
Emblem
of
Magistracy
,
and
imports
Righteousness
and
Justice
;
when
you
have
put
on
this
Vestment
,
I
may
say
,
you
are
a
Gown-man
.
This
Robe
is
of
a
mixt
Colour
,
to
shew
the
mixture
of
Justice
and
Mercy
.
Indeed
a
Magistrate
must
have
two
Hands
,
Plectentem
&
Amplectentem
,
to
cherish
and
to
punish
.
The
Bible
is
a
Book
that
contains
the
Holy
Scriptures
,
in
which
you
have
the
happiness
to
be
well
versed
.
This
Book
of
Life
consists
of
two
Testaments's
,
the
Old
and
New
:
The
first
shews
Christum
Velatum
;
the
second
,
Christum
Revelatum
;
Christ
Vailed
and
Revealed
:
It
is
a
Book
of
Books
,
and
doth
contain
both
Precepts
and
Examples
for
good
Government
.
Here
is
a
Scepter
not
unlike
a
Staff
,
for
you
are
to
be
a
Staff
to
the
weak
and
poor
:
It
is
of
Ancient
use
in
this
kind
.
It
's
said
in
Scripture
,
That
the
Scepter
shall
not
depart
from
Judah
.
It
was
of
like
use
in
other
Kingdoms
;
Homer
the
Greeek
Poet
calls
Kings
and
Princes
,
Scepter-bearers
.
The
last
thing
is
a
Sword
,
not
a
Military
,
but
Civil
Sword
:
it
is
a
Sword
rather
of
Defence
than
Offence
;
not
to
defend
your self
onely
,
but
your
People
also
.
If
I
might
presume
to
fix
a
Motto
upon
this
Sword
,
as
the
Valiant
Lord
Talbot
had
upon
his
,
it
should
be
this
,
Ego
sum
Domini
Protectoris
,
ad
protegendum
Populum
;
I
am
the
Protectors
,
to
protect
his
People
.
Then
having
given
him
his
Oath
,
and
read
over
the
Articles
of
Government
,
with
sound
of
Trumpet
he
is
Proclaimed
Protector
of
the
Commonwealth
of
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
,
&c.
but
with
faint
Acclamations
from
the
People
.
Hence
you
may
understand
what
,
and
how
great
things
the
Power
of
a
Tyrant
,
counterfeit
Virtue
,
Lawyers
fetches
,
fawning
hope
,
anxious
fear
,
love
of
novelty
,
and
specious
pretexts
,
could
,
against
all
right
and
reason
,
bring
to
pass
,
amongst
Men
in
all
things
else
,
for
most
part
,
very
Prudent
and
Wise
:
That
in
the
like
case
I
may
use
the
Words
of
another
.
These
things
being
thus
performed
,
the
Parliament
shortly
after
were
dismissed
for
three
or
four
Months
,
and
Cromwell
has
time
to
make
choice
of
his
Peers
for
the
other
House
.
But
we
must
not
omit
to
take
notice
in
this
place
of
that
unbridled
licentiousness
of
Hereticks
,
which
grew
greater
and
greater
daily
.
The
sink
of
Hereticks
of
these
times
:
Besides
Arrianism
against
the
Divinity
of
our
Saviour
Jesus
Christ
,
and
other
abominable
Errours
,
which
one
Biddle
profanely
and
yet
safely
maintained
before
the
Parliament
;
the
Blasphemies
also
of
Copps
against
the
Holy
Name
of
God
;
and
Fry
,
who
heretofore
scattred
his
Poisons
in
the
Parliament-House
;
besides
Erbury
,
who
as
with
impunity
he
sowed
the
monstrous
Seeds
of
Heresies
amongst
the
Souldiers
,
and
in
the
City
,
whilst
he
was
in
health
,
so
dying
he
breathed
out
his
last
in
Blasphemy
;
Saltmarsh
also
,
and
other
Sectarians
,
whose
Fanatical
Errours
,
by
the
Enthusiasm
of
Cromwell
,
and
the
other
Officers
of
the
Army
,
were
again
conjured
from
Hell
;
a
new
and
unheard-of
Generation
of
Quakers
sprung
up
,
of
whom
the
Parliament
brought
before
them
a
considerable
Ring-leader
,
that
I
shall
now
briefly
discourse
of
.
Of
whom
Naylor
had
the
impudence
to
give
himself
out
for
Jesus
Christ
;
James
Naylor
was
the
Man
,
who
had
heretofore
served
under
Lambert
,
and
now
had
the
impudence
to
personate
Jesus
Christ
,
imitating
his
Words
,
Looks
,
and
Carriage
:
And
to
so
great
madness
he
grew
,
that
his
Boldness
encreasing
through
the
Applauses
of
some
,
and
the
Admiration
of
others
,
he
would
represent
him
in
all
things
.
For
mounting
a
Horses
Colt
,
he
came
riding
towards
the
City
of
Bristol
,
those
of
his
Sect
strewing
the
Way
with
Leaves
and
Boughs
of
Trees
,
and
crying
,
Hosanna
,
Hosanna
,
Blessed
is
he
that
cometh
in
the
Name
of
the
Lord
.
But
the
Madness
stops
not
here
neither
;
for
the
distracted
Fellow
affects
Divine
Honours
,
as
if
he
could
raise
the
Dead
,
heal
the
Sick
,
and
fast
after
the
Example
of
Christ
.
At
length
the
Parliament
tired
out
with
the
continued
Clamours
of
Accusers
,
having
cited
him
to
appear
before
them
,
sentence
him
to
be
publickly
Whipp'd
,
Vntil
he
was
Whipt
and
Imprisoned
,
who
deserved
a
thousand
times
to
be
put
to
Death
.
Pilloried
,
and
committed
to
perpetual
Imprisonment
.
But
the
Parliament
being
dissolved
,
this
Monster
of
Mankind
was
set
at
liberty
by
an
Order
of
the
Rump-Parliament
,
when
it
revived
again
.
Sundercome
a
Republican
plots
against
Cromwell
.
About
that
time
Cromwell's
Life
was
in
danger
from
one
Sundercome
a
Republican
.
It
was
said
,
that
he
was
suborned
by
Alonso
de
Cardenas
,
formerly
Embassadour
in
England
from
the
King
of
Spain
,
and
then
living
in
Flanders
,
to
kill
him
.
He
had
often
taken
a
House
fit
for
committing
the
Fact
;
but
his
Hopes
always
failing
him
,
he
got
him
a
Blunderbuss
that
could
discharge
twelve
Bullets
at
a
time
,
resolving
with
that
,
out
of
an
Arbor
upon
the
side
of
the
Rode
,
where
the
Way
grows
narrow
,
at
Hammersmith
near
London
,
to
shoot
Cromwell
as
he
past
in
his
Coach
to
Hampton-Court
,
and
forthwith
mounting
a
fleet
Horse
,
make
his
Escape
on
the
opposite
side
.
But
because
there
was
a
necessity
of
having
another
privy
to
the
Design
,
when
the
time
that
he
was
to
go
drew
near
,
one
Toop
belonging
to
the
Guards
is
engaged
in
the
Plot.
Who
being
betray'd
by
another
Conspirator
,
is
brought
to
a
Tryal
,
and
condemned
:
But
one
Assassine
betrays
another
;
Toop
,
Sundercome
:
who
that
he
might
be
the
first
that
suffered
for
Treason
under
this
Government
,
by
a
new
Statute
is
arraigned
,
and
condemned
for
conspiring
the
Death
of
the
Protector
.
However
,
some
few
hours
before
the
time
of
his
designed
Execution
,
But
he
prevented
the
Executioner
by
a
sudden
Death
.
he
was
found
dead
in
his
Bed
,
though
his
Body
appeared
found
,
there
being
no
Marks
of
Violence
either
inwardly
or
outwardly
to
be
discovered
.
Of
which
thing
,
according
to
the
diversity
of
Humours
,
People
might
severally
judge
as
they
pleased
.
In
the
mean
while
the
fiercer
Fifth-Monarchy-men
and
Republicans
,
making
all
the
Preparations
they
could
for
a
sudden
Insurrection
against
the
new
Monarchy
in
the
Bud
,
are
discovered
,
The
Republicans
rising
are
apprehended
.
and
presently
seised
;
amongst
other
things
,
a
Standard
being
taken
,
bearing
a
Lion
Couchant
,
with
this
Inscription
,
Quis
suscitabit
eum
?
Who
shall
rouse
him
?
This
Rising
then
being
wholly
defeated
,
Lawson
a
Sea-Commander
,
Colonel
Harrison
,
Rich
,
and
several
Officers
of
the
Army
,
with
Danvers
,
and
others
,
who
could
not
endure
the
Regal
Authority
of
Cromwell
,
are
clapp'd
up
in
Prison
.
Lambert
also
,
when
he
perceived
that
all
his
Hopes
of
Succession
were
cut
off
by
an
Ordinance
of
Parliament
,
began
to
tack
about
,
and
strike
in
with
the
Republicans
:
Lambert
being
Disbanded
,
Which
so
soon
as
Cromwell
had
notice
of
,
he
presently
recalled
his
Commission
,
and
disbanded
him
,
Fleetwood
is
put
in
his
place
.
appointing
Fleetwood
to
be
next
to
himself
in
Power
;
for
he
thought
it
neither
safe
nor
fit
,
that
he
should
have
the
Chief
Command
in
the
Army
,
who
professed
himself
an
open
Enemy
to
the
Civil
Government
.
Cromwells
Lords
of
the
very
dregs
of
the
People
,
Cromwell
,
in
the
mean
time
,
that
he
might
by
fair
and
gentle
means
draw
over
more
of
the
Republicans
,
and
endear
them
to
himself
,
promoted
many
of
them
into
the
House
of
Lords
,
that
they
might
seem
to
share
with
himself
in
the
Government
;
but
such
mean
Fellows
,
of
no
Birth
nor
Merit
,
raised
out
of
the
Dregs
of
the
Rabble
,
who
were
contemptible
and
ridiculous
to
the
real
Lords
and
Peers
,
could
neither
give
nor
receive
any
Splendour
or
Nobility
.
Would
ye
have
a
List
of
some
of
them
?
Let
Pride
then
lead
the
Dance
;
a
most
abject
Rascal
,
who
had
served
a
Brewer
;
and
that
he
might
now
with
greater
security
cheat
the
Publick
,
he
purchases
a
Grant
for
Brewing
Beer
for
the
Protector's
Family
,
and
for
serving
the
Fleet
at
Sea
.
Huson
was
another
,
who
not
long
before
cobbled
old
Shoes
in
a
Stall
.
Berkstead
,
who
heretofore
sold
Needles
,
Bodkins
,
and
Thimbles
,
and
would
have
run
on
an
Errand
any where
for
a
little
Money
;
but
who
now
by
Cromwell
was
preferred
to
the
Honourable
Charge
of
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
of
London
.
Cooper
,
who
had
been
a
Haberdasher
of
Small-wares
in
Southwark
.
Berry
,
a
Woodmonger
;
and
Whaley
,
a
broken
Clothier
,
who
had
removed
into
Scotland
until
the
breaking
out
of
the
Wars
.
I
shall
name
no
more
of
them
,
that
I
may
not
turn
the
Readers
Stomach
.
In
the
mean
time
,
Some
of
the
Nobility
being
mingled
with
them
who
disdain
,
such
companions
:
he
joyns
to
them
for
Companions
five
or
six
of
the
Ancient
Nobility
,
and
gives
them
place
in
the
House
of
Lords
;
who
nevertheless
refuse
to
herd
with
the
rest
,
and
all
refrain
the
House
,
that
they
might
not
pollute
their
Blood
by
such
a
Contagion
.
Others
called
out
of
the
House
of
Commons
to
this
Other
House
,
prefer
their
own
Seats
,
and
will
not
be
reckoned
amongst
those
Peers
.
The
two
Sons
,
and
one
Son-in-Law
of
Cromwell
,
Falconberge
also
his
Son-in-law
,
and
both
his
own
Sons
.
are
brought
into
this
House
:
For
it
is
to
be
observed
,
that
he
had
lately
married
his
two
younger
Daughters
(
the
eldest
having
formerly
married
to
Cleypole
)
the
one
to
Mr.
Rich
,
Nephew
to
the
then
Earl
of
Warwick
,
who
lived
not
long
after
;
and
the
other
to
the
Lord
Falconberge
,
of
whom
now
we
speak
;
Henry
Cromwell
his
younger
Son
,
whom
he
made
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
and
Richard
the
elder
:
of
whom
,
since
I
am
to
mention
him
in
the
Sequel
,
it
will
be
fit
I
speak
a
little
at
present
,
before
I
leave
this
House
of
Lords
.
That
Cromwell
might
remove
all
suspicion
of
arrogating
to
himself
and
Family
the
Supreme
Authority
,
Of
whom
he
sends
Richard
to
lead
a
Countrey
Life
,
he
sends
his
eldest
Son
Richard
into
the
Country
,
to
take
his
Pleasure
in
Hunting
and
Hawking
:
Where
he
,
a
Man
of
a
good
Nature
,
courteous
and
affable
,
far
from
the
Tricks
of
his
Father
,
receiving
the
Common
People
hospitably
,
diverting
himself
with
the
Gentry
,
and
behaving
himself
civilly
to
all
,
besides
many
good
Offices
that
he
did
at
Court
and
elsewhere
,
not
onely
gained
the
Applause
of
the
People
,
but
obliged
a
great
many
Persons
of
Note
and
Quality
.
But
at
length
his
Father
took
him
off
of
these
Toys
,
and
by
degrees
inured
him
to
Publick
Business
;
ordering
him
first
to
sit
in
the
Committee
of
Trade
,
then
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
and
now
at
last
having
called
him
,
as
we
have
just
now
said
,
up
to
the
House
of
Lords
.
Who
at
length
is
made
Chancellour
of
the
Vniversity
of
Oxford
,
and
one
of
his
Father●s
Privy
Council
.
Besides
,
he
made
him
Chancellor
of
the
University
of
Oxford
,
one
of
his
Privy-Council
,
and
a
Colonel
of
the
Army
;
that
he
might
shew
him
not
onely
to
the
People
,
but
to
the
Soldiers
;
and
that
he
might
insinuate
with
all
,
and
as
much
as
he
could
make
himself
Friends
by
Conversation
.
A
Parliament
of
two
Houses
,
who
agree
ill
betwixt
themselves
,
the
Bastard
Peers
being
despised
by
the
Lower-House
.
And
now
the
day
was
come
when
the
whole
Parliament
was
to
meet
,
as
well
the
Republicans
,
who
in
the
beginning
of
the
Parliament
had
been
excluded
by
Cromwell
,
for
refusing
to
subscribe
to
the
Condition
required
,
as
the
Lords
or
Peers
who
by
Oliver's
Writ
filled
the
Upper
House
.
But
the
Reader
cannot
but
wonder
,
how
disdainfully
the
Members
of
the
Lower
House
looked
upon
those
new
Lords
,
asking
them
with
scorn
,
By
what
Authority
they
sate
?
to
what
end
?
and
for
what
purpose
were
they
called
hither
?
Nay
,
they
could
not
refrain
from
ridiculing
and
scoffing
at
them
,
nor
be
induced
to
have
any
thing
to
do
,
or
consult
in
common
with
these
Men.
On
the
contrary
,
the
Lords
(
as
they
were
instructed
by
Cromwell
)
fawned
,
complied
,
wheadled
,
and
courted
their
Friendship
,
leaving
no
means
unessayed
whereby
they
might
soften
and
make
them
more
gentle
.
But
they
continue
to
be
morose
,
untractable
,
and
refractory
to
every
thing
:
Which
Cromwell
observing
,
and
especially
because
he
understood
that
the
Cavaliers
were
hatching
new
Designs
;
that
the
King
was
in
a
readiness
,
with
I
know
not
how
many
thousand
Men
,
to
invade
England
;
and
that
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
was
really
in
the
Land
,
secretly
labouring
to
raise
the
Country
;
for
these
Reasons
he
forthwith
dissolved
that
fictitious
,
and
,
as
I
may
say
,
And
therefore
that
Parliament
is
dissolved
.
New
Designs
of
the
Cavaliers
are
disappointed
by
Cromwell
,
they
being
discovered
by
secret
Spies
.
Comical
Parliament
.
It
was
not
long
before
the
Stirs
began
more
clearly
to
appear
;
one
Corkar
,
a
Parson
in
Sussex
,
who
nevertheless
had
heretofore
had
a
hand
in
killing
Rainsborough
at
Doncaster
,
Sir
Richard
Willis
,
and
many
others
,
who
had
served
and
been
well
rewarded
by
the
King
,
and
had
opportunity
of
passing
to
and
again
betwixt
Cromwell
and
His
Majesty
,
and
discovering
all
secret
Intrigues
,
having
basely
betrayed
the
Design
.
A
General
Insurrection
was
designed
almost
all
over
England
,
especially
in
Hull
,
London
,
Sussex
,
Surrey
,
and
many
other
Places
;
which
the
King
himself
,
with
Foreign
Forces
commanded
by
Marsin
,
intended
to
Head
.
But
all
proved
in
vain
;
the
Matter
,
as
we
have
said
,
having
been
discovered
to
Cromwell
by
treacherous
and
clandestine
Spies
.
The
Marquess
of
Ormond
with
much
ado
made
his
Escape
,
having
by
the
Assistance
of
Doctor
Quarterman
procured
a
Boat
in
Sussex
:
Many
are
brought
to
Trial
for
their
Life
.
And
now
a
vast
number
of
Persons
apprehended
,
are
loaded
with
the
suspicion
of
guilt
:
and
therefore
the
High
Court
of
Justice
,
a
true
Object
of
Derision
,
had
it
not
been
polluted
with
Blood
,
is
again
appointed
,
Lisle
being
President
.
Before
this
Court
are
brought
Mordant
Son
to
the
Earl
of
Peterborough
,
two
Stapleys
,
Woodcock
,
Sir
Henry
Slingsby
,
Hewet
Doctor
of
Divinity
,
Mallory
,
Rivers
,
Dyke
,
and
many
more
.
Hewet
is
condemned
for
Contumacy
,
in
not
acknowledging
the
Authority
of
the
Court
.
Slingsby
,
because
being
formerly
a
Prisoner
in
Hull
,
he
had
treated
with
Waters
about
the
Delivery
of
Hull-Fort
into
the
hands
of
the
King
.
Mordant
is
absolved
by
the
Majority
onely
of
one
Voice
;
when
within
a
quarter
of
an
hour
after
Pride
came
in
,
who
would
certainly
have
voted
to
the
contrary
:
so
near
he
seemed
to
the
very
Jaws
of
Death
.
Woodcock
defended
himself
so
ingeniously
,
that
he
came
off
.
The
rest
were
either
not
found
Guilty
,
or
obtained
Cromwell's
Pardon
for
accusing
of
others
,
or
,
in
short
,
were
condemned
of
High
Treason
.
Hewet
and
Slingsby
were
both
beheaded
.
Two
of
the
more
remarkable
are
beheaded
:
Four
others
drawn
,
hanged
,
and
quartered
But
four
others
were
drawn
,
hanged
,
and
quartered
,
their
Privy
Members
and
Bowels
burnt
,
their
Heads
set
up
upon
London-Bridge
,
and
their
Quarters
upon
four
Gates
of
the
City
.
The
Common
sort
being
safe
by
their
Number
,
after
a
long
Imprisonment
,
at
length
denying
the
Fact
upon
Oath
,
are
dismissed
.
Thus
they
who
for
attempting
to
slay
a
Tyrant
deserved
a
Triumphal
Arch
,
and
highest
Honours
,
falling
into
the
bloody
Hands
of
their
Enemies
,
suffer
a
cruel
and
ignominious
Death
.
Cromwell
for
greater
security
levies
new
Troops
of
H●rse
,
consisting
of
Voluntiers
.
But
that
he
might
provide
against
such
Stirs
for
the
future
,
and
more
securely
settle
his
ill-got
and
unsafe
Government
,
besides
the
Soldiers
of
the
Army
,
he
levies
Troops
of
Horse
in
the
several
Counties
,
which
for
the
most
part
were
made
up
of
Voluntiers
,
whom
either
ambition
of
domineering
,
hope
of
Preferment
,
prospect
of
Booty
,
or
at
least
the
tediousness
of
an
idle
and
lazy
Life
,
allured
into
the
Service
.
Of
these
he
gave
the
Command
to
some
of
his
Relations
and
fast
Friends
.
Though
at
present
their
Pay
was
but
small
,
Eight
pound
a
year
,
yet
by
getting
into
profitable
Places
,
and
plundring
the
Cavaliers
upon
all
occasions
,
they
were
in
good
hopes
of
feathering
their
Nests
.
Their
Duty
was
to
watch
over
the
Counties
,
to
be
present
at
Publick
Fairs
and
other
numerous
Meetings
,
to
hinder
private
Assemblies
and
Concourses
of
People
,
to
exact
the
Taxes
from
those
who
were
either
slow
or
unwilling
to
pay
them
,
by
Free-Quarters
,
and
Fines
imposed
upon
them
;
to
seise
,
besides
,
suspected
Persons
,
search
their
Houses
,
take
from
them
the
Arms
which
they
might
have
for
defending
themselves
against
Thieves
in
the
Night-time
,
and
,
in
a
word
,
to
suppress
instantly
all
Stirs
,
if
any
hapned
,
in
the
bud
.
Blake
is
again
,
but
now
the
last
time
,
to
appear
upon
the
Stage
.
He
being
this
year
sent
to
cruise
in
the
Atlantick
Ocean
,
had
Intelligence
that
the
Spanish
Fleet
,
richly
laden
with
Silver
and
Plate
,
had
out
of
fear
put
into
the
Island
of
Tenariff
,
resolving
to
keep
in
the
Port
of
Sancta
Cruce
,
until
Blake
should
be
forced
to
return
home
,
either
by
the
Winter
Weather
,
or
the
want
of
Victuals
and
Provisions
.
Wherefore
steering
his
Course
thither
,
he
found
the
Harbour
in
shape
of
a
Crescent
,
defended
by
seven
Forts
lying
round
it
,
and
two
Castles
placed
at
the
Points
,
with
seventeen
Ships
riding
therein
,
their
Heads
standing
towards
the
Mouth
of
the
Harbour
,
that
they
might
fire
with
greater
certainty
upon
those
that
offered
to
enter
:
nor
could
the
Governour
forbear
to
jear
and
slout
at
the
English
.
Blake
with
unparallell'd
boldness
burns
the
Spanish
Fleet
in
the
very
Harbour
of
Sancta
Cruce
.
Blake
therefore
entring
the
Mouth
of
the
Harbour
with
his
Frigats
,
thunders
Broadsides
and
small
Shot
against
the
Castles
,
till
the
Soldiers
flying
from
thence
,
he
Manned
his
Boats
with
Seamen
,
and
sent
them
in
,
who
destroyed
and
burnt
all
the
Spanish
Ships
that
were
there
.
Which
being
done
,
he
made
use
of
a
favourable
Wind
,
which
as
it
had
brought
him
thither
,
so
carried
him
off
again
,
more
satisfied
with
his
Revenge
than
Booty
.
His
Death
,
Character
;
and
Actions
.
But
farewell
to
Blake
,
who
in
that
Expedition
died
of
a
Scurvey
and
Dropsie
:
A
Man
deserving
Praise
even
from
an
Enemy
;
who
having
heretofore
diligently
plied
his
Studies
,
took
his
Degree
of
Master
of
Arts
in
Wadham-College
in
Oxford
,
and
lived
long
a
quiet
and
Country-life
in
Somersetshire
;
till
afterward
,
the
Civil
War
breaking
out
,
he
was
engaged
into
the
Service
by
some
Parliamentarians
,
and
defended
Lime
and
Taunton
even
to
a
Miracle
against
the
King
.
Then
being
advanced
to
a
Command
at
Sea
,
he
subdued
the
Isles
of
Silly
at
home
;
after
which
,
being
honoured
with
the
Title
and
Place
of
Admiral
,
he
became
famous
by
many
Actions
abroad
:
For
he
humbled
the
Pride
of
France
,
reduced
Portugal
into
order
,
broke
the
Strength
of
the
Dutch
,
and
drove
them
off
of
the
Sea
,
suppressed
the
Pyrats
,
and
,
lastly
,
triumphed
twice
over
Spain
:
In
this
alone
to
be
blamed
,
that
he
stuck
to
the
Side
of
the
Parricides
.
The
Dane
makes
War
against
the
Swede
,
●ow
victorious
in
Poland
.
About
that
time
a
dreadful
War
broke
out
betwixt
two
Northern
Nations
.
Frederick
the
Third
,
King
of
Denmark
,
egg'd
on
by
his
Confederates
the
King
of
Poland
and
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
invades
the
Territories
of
Carolus
Gustavus
King
of
Sweden
,
then
Victorious
in
Poland
;
The
Swede
hastning
his
return
,
invades
Denmark
,
revenges
himself
on
the
Dane
,
and
reduces
him
to
extremity
.
and
breaking
the
Truce
,
besieges
Bremersford
,
and
other
strong
Places
in
Bremen
.
Which
so
soon
as
Carolus
Gustavus
had
Intelligence
of
,
leaving
Poland
the
best
way
he
could
,
he
marched
his
Forces
through
Gassue
,
Pomerania
,
and
the
Dutchy
of
Mecklenbourg
,
into
Holstein
,
recovers
what
he
had
lost
,
and
drives
Frederick
,
who
was
unable
to
give
him
Battel
,
into
the
Islands
;
then
he
over-runs
all
Jutland
and
Holstein
;
and
having
the
opportunity
of
a
hard
Winter
,
(
not
without
danger
to
himself
and
Army
,
)
he
boldly
marched
over
the
Sea
,
upon
the
Ice
,
into
Fuinen
;
and
having
subdued
it
,
and
the
Islands
about
,
one
after
another
,
in
the
same
manner
he
enters
Zeeland
,
divided
from
them
by
a
narrow
Frith
,
where
,
by
the
same
Storm
of
a
sudden
War
,
he
had
overwhelmed
Copenhagen
,
had
not
a
Peace
been
made
at
Roschild
,
by
the
Mediation
of
Medows
,
(
who
with
Jepson
was
by
Oliver
sent
from
England
as
Mediators
of
Peace
,
he
to
the
Swede
,
and
the
other
to
the
Dane
)
and
the
Intervention
of
the
Embassadors
of
other
Princes
:
for
which
timely
Service
King
Frederick
made
Medows
Knight
of
the
Elephant
,
and
a
Nobleman
of
Denmark
:
And
King
Charles
the
Second
of
England
,
as
a
Testimony
of
His
Favour
for
the
good
Offices
done
to
his
Kinsman
,
honoured
him
likewise
with
Knighthood
.
The
War
breaking
out
again
afterward
betwixt
the
Kings
,
the
Swede
having
possessed
himself
of
Croneberg
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
Denmark
,
and
blocked
up
Copenhagen
by
a
long
and
obstinate
Siege
,
both
Parties
implore
the
Assistance
of
Neighbouring
Nations
;
Afterward
he
demands
Assistance
from
the
English
,
and
the
Dane
from
the
Dutch
.
Carolus
Gustavus
,
of
the
English
;
and
Frederick
,
of
the
Dutch
.
The
Swede
wanted
Ships
and
Seamen
;
the
Dane
,
all
kind
of
Relief
,
to
wit
,
Soldiers
,
Ships
,
and
Ammunition
.
The
Swede
offered
the
English
for
their
Security
,
and
a
Reward
of
their
Pains
,
Gluckstadt
,
with
a
small
Territory
on
the
other
side
of
the
Elbe
(
which
nevertheless
was
not
in
his
power
)
,
and
Leth-Fort
upon
the
River
Wese
.
But
the
English
demanding
either
Gottenberg
on
the
Baltick
Sea
near
the
Sound
,
or
Elsenburg
that
lies
in
the
Mouth
of
the
Baltick
,
Cromwell
and
the
Swede
disagree
about
the
Terms
.
Cromwell
sends
thither
a
Fleet
,
and
two
Mediators
.
Nevertheless
,
Oliver
fits
out
a
pretty
considerable
Fleet
in
England
;
and
,
that
he
might
watch
all
Opportunities
of
advantage
for
the
English
,
sends
it
into
Denmark
,
under
the
Command
of
Goodson
;
but
the
Ice
and
Winter-Colds
hindred
it
from
advancing
beyond
Scagen
:
and
at
length
Richard
sent
a
greater
,
under
the
Command
of
Admiral
Montague
,
who
was
afterwards
made
Earl
of
Sandwich
,
and
Knight
of
the
Garter
.
But
the
Dutch
being
secure
that
the
English
would
not
interfere
and
molest
them
,
that
they
might
maintain
a
Free
Trade
through
the
Sound
,
and
at
the
same
time
assist
the
King
of
Denmark
,
The
Dutch
likewise
assist
the
Dane
,
having
fought
the
Swedes
at
Sea
.
reduced
to
the
utmost
extremity
,
fitted
out
a
Fleet
,
under
the
Command
of
General
Opdam
,
provided
with
all
Necessaries
;
which
having
engaged
in
a
Sea-fight
with
the
Swedes
,
with
equal
Loss
on
both
Sides
,
they
supplied
Copenhagen
with
Ammunition
,
and
plenty
of
all
Provisions
.
The
French
by
the
assistance
of
the
English
take
Montmidy
;
and
presently
after
Mardyke
Fort
,
which
is
given
to
the
English
to
be
defended
.
To
Flanders
now
the
series
of
this
short
History
calls
me
,
where
the
Affairs
of
the
Spaniards
began
to
decline
and
grow
daily
worse
and
worse
.
A
well
appointed
Army
of
six
thousand
English
under
the
Command
of
Reynolds
is
landed
at
Calis
;
of
which
some
assist
the
French
in
taking
Montmidy
,
and
being
afterwards
all
joyned
with
the
French
,
they
take
Mardyke
Fort
two
Miles
distant
from
Dunkirk
,
which
was
given
to
the
Engl●sh
to
be
kept
during
the
Winter
,
who
fortifie
it
round
with
Palisadoes
,
besides
a
Wall
and
Ditch
,
and
render
it
impregnable
.
Nevertheless
the
most
illustrious
Duke
of
York
resolved
to
attaque
it
,
bringing
therefore
about
four
thousand
Men
before
it
,
partly
English
,
Scots
,
and
Irish
,
and
partly
Spaniards
,
The
Duke
of
York
in
vain
attempts
it
.
he
attacks
it
in
the
Night-time
by
an
Assault
.
But
he
found
Morgan
Governour
of
the
place
in
a
readiness
,
who
in
watchfulness
was
not
inferiour
to
him
;
but
in
this
much
superiour
,
that
under
the
cover
of
a
strong
Fort
he
fought
against
an
Enemy
in
the
open
Fields
;
wherefore
after
he
had
by
all
ways
attempted
,
but
in
vain
,
to
storm
the
place
,
at
length
he
sounded
the
Retreat
:
But
the
Marshall
d'
Aumont
came
not
so
well
off
at
Ostend
;
for
being
tempted
thither
by
hopes
given
him
that
the
Town
would
be
betray'd
into
his
Hands
,
he
pay'd
for
his
rash
hopes
,
himself
being
made
Prisoner
,
and
many
brave
Men
killed
.
Next
Spring
Marshall
Turen
having
taken
in
Graveling
,
Graveling
being
taken
,
Dunkirk
is
Besieged
;
he
came
with
a
vast
Army
of
French
and
English
to
Besiege
Dunkirk
,
and
quickly
invested
the
Town
by
Land
,
the
English
Ships
blocking
it
up
by
Sea
.
For
it
was
necessary
either
to
reduce
that
Key
of
Flanders
under
the
Power
of
the
French
,
or
to
try
the
uncertain
Fortune
of
War
,
Affairs
being
as
yet
doubtful
.
On
the
other
hand
,
if
the
Spaniards
suffered
it
to
be
taken
,
besides
the
loss
of
the
profit
which
they
made
by
Pyracy
and
Traffick
,
the
English
would
also
deprive
them
of
the
rest
of
their
Ports
,
(
for
they
easily
conjectured
,
that
Dunkirk
would
fall
into
the
Hands
of
the
English
)
and
open
to
themselves
a
way
of
bringing
an
Army
into
the
Heart
of
the
Countrey
.
Therefore
,
For
the
relief
of
which
,
Don
John
of
Austria
comes
.
Don
John
of
Austria
,
Governour
of
Flanders
,
resolved
to
hazard
a
Battel
.
For
that
end
,
having
drawn
out
of
the
Garrisons
about
some
fifteen
thousand
Men
,
to
which
were
added
four
Regiments
but
half
compleat
in
Men
,
under
the
Duke
of
York
,
he
possesses
himself
of
the
Sandy
Hills
,
half
a
Mile
distant
from
Turen's
Camp
,
there
,
as
occasion
served
,
to
hinder
or
raise
the
Siege
.
But
next
Morning
Turen
having
left
Men
enough
in
the
Trenches
,
to
prevent
the
sallying
out
of
the
Garrison
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Army
,
in
this
manner
attacks
the
Spaniards
.
About
three
hundred
English
under
the
Command
of
Devaux
are
ordered
to
march
up
the
Hill
,
The
French
fight
and
overcome
.
and
beat
the
Spaniards
from
thence
,
two
thousand
following
after
,
and
four
thousand
to
second
them
,
the
Horse
being
placed
on
the
Wings
,
and
behind
in
the
Rear
.
The
Spaniards
being
drawn
up
,
bravely
received
the
charge
,
with
confused
shouts
of
mixt
Nations
.
But
at
length
,
though
the
loose
Sand
afforded
no
sure
footing
to
those
that
marched
up
,
and
that
the
Spaniards
showred
down
continual
Volleys
of
Shot
,
yet
the
English
obtain
the
Victory
,
the
Spaniards
being
on
all
hands
put
to
flight
,
and
killed
.
Then
at
length
the
French
Horse
fall
on
,
and
were
for
a
long
time
bravely
resisted
by
the
Duke
of
York
,
and
his
Brother
the
Duke
of
Glocester
;
but
they
both
,
the
English
Red-coats
advancing
,
and
number
overpow'ring
them
,
are
fain
to
give
ground
,
and
at
length
are
beat
out
of
the
Field
.
Above
a
thousand
were
killed
in
that
Battel
,
fifteen
hundred
private
Soldiers
taken
,
fourscore
Officers
,
and
all
the
Cannon
and
Ammunition
.
Shortly
after
the
Governour
being
shot
,
the
Town
is
tak●n
,
The
Garrison
of
Dunkirk
nevertheless
persist
in
their
defence
,
till
the
Marquess
of
Leda
being
shot
with
a
Musket
Bullet
,
the
Town
lost
its
Life
with
the
Governour
,
and
fell
into
the
Hands
of
the
French
King
,
who
,
that
he
might
perform
the
Articles
agreed
upon
,
gives
it
to
our
Countrey-men
,
And
given
to
the
Engllsh
as
a
Reward
for
their
Service
.
as
a
Reward
of
their
Services
,
and
delivered
it
up
into
the
Hands
of
Lockart
,
a
Scottish
Man
,
who
had
married
Cromwell's
Neece
,
and
was
his
Embassadour
in
France
;
for
Reynolds
the
Winter
before
crossing
over
into
England
in
a
weak
Vessel
,
that
he
might
justifie
himself
before
Cromwell
,
from
a
Crime
of
Treason
that
he
was
accused
of
,
as
if
he
had
entertained
a
Correspondence
with
the
Duke
of
York
,
was
cast
away
at
Sea
.
The
same
Year
,
the
French
,
with
the
assistance
of
the
English
,
possessed
themselves
of
Winoxberg
,
Fuern
,
Ypress
,
Oudenard
,
and
many
other
places
;
their
Horse
ravaging
all
Flanders
almost
.
So
way
was
made
for
a
Treaty
betwixt
the
French
King
and
Spaniard
,
whereupon
a
Marriage
after
ensued
.
Let
us
now
return
home
,
Cromwel
began
to
be
sick
,
first
in
Mind
,
and
view
at
nearer
distance
the
Preludes
of
Cromwell's
approaching
Death
.
Whilst
he
is
delighted
with
Triumphs
beyond
Sea
,
he
is
hampered
at
home
with
difficulties
and
gnawing
Cares
.
For
the
Death
of
his
dearest
Daughter
,
Besides
the
Death
of
his
dearly
beloved
Daughter
,
the
Lady
Cleypole
,
who
died
of
an
inward
Imposthume
in
her
Loins
with
great
agony
and
pain
,
after
she
had
in
her
Hysterical
fits
much
disquieted
him
,
by
upbraiding
him
sometimes
with
one
of
his
Crimes
,
and
sometimes
with
another
,
according
to
the
furious
distraction
of
that
Disease
:
And
the
Republicans
that
grew
daily
grew
stronger
,
The
Republicans
created
him
continual
troubles
and
vexation
;
especially
seeing
his
Son-in-law
Fleetwood
and
his
Wife
seemed
to
favour
these
Men
,
excuse
,
and
intercede
for
them
;
nay
,
he
refrained
coming
to
his
Father-in-laws
House
,
though
he
lived
hard
by
,
and
ought
to
have
comforted
his
dying
Sister
amidst
the
mourning
and
bewailings
of
her
Relations
;
and
though
Cromwell
(
as
he
told
it
to
some
)
had
made
him
his
Heir
in
his
last
Will
and
Testament
.
Besides
,
Desborough
,
who
had
married
his
Sister
,
Pickering
also
,
and
Sidenham
,
whom
he
had
made
Privy
Counsellors
,
had
secret
meetings
with
Lambert
,
and
other
leading
Men
of
the
Republican
Party
,
whom
they
openly
magnified
,
and
extolled
.
But
all
his
Distemper
was
not
in
his
Mind
alone
;
Presently
after
being
taken
with
a
slight
Fever
,
for
shortly
after
he
was
taken
with
a
Slow
Fever
,
that
at
length
degenerated
into
a
Bastard
Tertian
Ague
.
For
a
Weeks
time
the
Disease
so
continued
without
any
dangerous
symptoms
,
(
as
appearing
sometimes
one
,
and
sometimes
another
kind
of
distemper
)
that
every
other
Day
he
walked
abroad
:
but
after
Dinner
his
five
Physicians
coming
to
wait
upon
him
,
one
of
them
having
felt
his
pulse
,
said
,
that
it
intermitted
;
at
which
suddenly
startled
,
he
looked
pale
,
fell
into
a
Cold
Sweat
,
almost
fainted
away
,
Which
at
length
confined
him
to
his
Bed
,
and
orders
himself
to
be
carried
to
Bed
,
where
being
refreshed
with
Cordials
,
he
made
his
Will
,
but
onely
about
his
Privat
and
Domestick
Affairs
.
Next
Morning
early
,
when
one
of
his
Physicians
came
to
visit
him
,
he
asked
him
,
why
he
looked
so
sad
?
And
when
he
made
Answer
,
That
so
it
becomes
any
one
,
who
had
the
weighty
care
of
his
Life
and
Health
upon
him
;
Though
he
was
secure
of
recovering
,
Ye
Physicians
,
said
he
,
think
I
shall
die
:
Then
the
Company
being
removed
,
holding
his
Wife
by
the
Hand
,
to
this
purpose
he
spoke
to
him
,
I
tell
you
,
I
shall
not
die
this
bout
;
I
am
sure
on
't
.
And
because
he
observed
him
to
look
more
attentively
upon
him
at
these
words
,
Don't
think
(
said
he
)
that
I
am
mad
;
Trusting
rashly
to
his
silly
Ministers
and
Flatterers
,
I
speak
the
Words
of
Truth
,
upon
surer
grounds
than
Galen
or
your
Hippocrates
furnish
you
with
.
God
Almighty
himself
hath
given
that
Answer
,
not
to
my
Prayers
alone
,
but
also
to
the
Prayers
of
those
who
entertain
a
stricter
commerce
,
and
greater
intimacy
with
him
.
Go
on
chearfully
,
banishing
all
sadness
from
your
looks
,
and
deal
with
me
as
you
would
do
with
a
Serving-man
.
Ye
may
have
skill
in
the
Nature
of
things
,
yet
Nature
can
do
more
than
all
Physicians
put
together
;
and
God
is
far
more
above
Nature
.
But
being
ordered
to
take
his
rest
,
because
he
had
not
slept
the
greatest
part
of
the
Night
,
as
the
Physician
was
coming
out
of
the
Chamber
,
he
accidentally
met
another
,
who
had
been
a
long
time
very
familiar
with
him
;
to
whom
,
I
am
afraid
,
says
he
,
our
Patient
will
be
light-headed
.
Then
said
he
,
You
are
certainly
a
Stranger
in
this
House
:
Don't
you
know
what
was
done
last
Night
?
The
Chaplains
,
and
all
who
are
dear
to
God
,
being
dispersed
into
several
parts
of
the
Palace
,
have
prayed
to
God
for
his
Health
,
and
all
have
brought
this
Answer
,
Who
feed
the
Dying-man
with
vain
hopes
,
and
mock
God
himself
with
their
Thanks-givings
.
He
shall
recover
.
Nay
,
to
this
degree
of
madness
they
came
,
that
a
Publick
Fast
being
for
his
sake
kept
at
Hampton
Court
,
they
did
not
so
much
pray
to
God
for
his
Health
,
as
thank
him
for
the
undoubted
pledges
of
his
Recovery
;
and
repeated
the
same
at
Whitehall
.
These
Oracles
of
the
Saints
were
the
cause
that
the
Physicians
spake
not
a
word
of
his
danger
.
From
Hampton-Court
he
is
brought
to
London
.
In
the
mean
time
Cromwell
leaving
Hampton
Court
,
where
hitherto
he
had
lain
sick
,
is
brought
to
London
;
and
the
Physitians
meet
at
a
Consultation
in
the
Chamber
of
the
aforementioned
Doctor
,
who
at
that
time
was
troubled
with
a
grievous
Head-ach
,
and
an
Imposthume
in
his
Ear.
But
next
Morning
early
another
Physician
coming
,
who
had
watched
all
Night
with
the
Patient
,
and
telling
the
rest
,
how
ill
he
had
been
in
the
last
fit
,
The
Disease
growing
more
dangerous
,
they
all
conclude
that
he
could
hardly
out-live
another
.
This
Sentence
of
the
Physicians
awaking
the
Privy
Council
,
He
is
advised
by
his
Counsellors
to
name
his
Successour
;
at
an
appointed
time
they
come
to
advise
him
,
that
he
would
name
his
Successour
.
But
when
in
a
drowsy
fit
he
answered
out
of
purpose
,
they
again
ask
him
,
if
he
did
not
name
Richard
his
eldest
Son
for
his
Successour
,
to
which
he
answered
,
Yes
.
Then
being
asked
where
his
Will
was
which
heretofore
he
had
made
concerning
the
Heirs
of
the
Kingdom
,
he
sent
to
look
for
it
in
his
Closet
,
and
other
places
,
but
in
vain
;
for
he
had
either
burnt
it
himself
,
or
some
body
else
had
stole
it
.
And
so
Richard
being
nominated
his
Heir
,
And
so
his
Son
Richard
nominated
,
shortly
after
he
died
,
Sept.
3.
1658.
the
Day
following
,
being
the
third
of
September
,
he
yielded
up
the
Ghost
about
three
of
the
Clock
in
the
Afternoon
;
not
,
(
as
it
was
commonly
reported
)
carried
away
by
the
Devil
at
Mid-night
,
but
in
clear
Day-light
,
and
the
same
Day
that
he
had
twice
defeated
the
Scots
.
His
Body
being
opened
;
in
the
Animal
parts
,
the
Vessels
of
the
Brain
seemed
to
be
overcharged
;
in
the
Vitals
the
Lungs
a
little
inflamed
;
but
in
the
Natural
,
the
source
of
the
distemper
appeared
;
The
Spleen
of
all
other
parts
of
his
Body
when
opened
,
being
most
affected
.
the
Spleen
,
though
sound
to
the
Eye
,
being
within
filled
with
matter
like
to
the
Lees
of
Oyl
.
Nor
was
that
Incongruous
to
the
Disease
that
for
a
long
time
he
had
been
subject
unto
,
seeing
for
at
least
thirty
years
he
had
at
times
heavily
complained
of
Hypochondriacal
indispositions
.
Though
his
Bowels
were
taken
out
,
and
his
Body
filled
with
Spices
,
wrapped
in
a
fourfold
Cerecloath
,
but
put
first
into
a
Coffin
of
Lead
,
and
then
into
a
Wooden
one
,
yet
it
purged
and
wrought
through
all
,
so
that
there
was
a
ne●ssity
of
interring
it
before
the
Solem●
〈…〉
●rals
But
still
his
Character
is
wanting
;
Cromwells
Character
.
which
without
prejudice
,
and
waving
what
we
before
observed
in
the
series
of
the
History
,
thus
take
.
His
Birth
.
He
was
born
of
honest
Parents
in
Huntingtonshire
,
Childish
Enthusiasms
,
and
from
a
Child
gave
no
obscure
proofs
of
Enthusiasm
.
For
,
as
I
have
had
it
from
credible
Persons
,
when
he
was
a
Child
he
reported
,
that
one
appeared
to
him
in
the
likeness
of
a
Man
,
who
told
him
that
he
should
be
a
King
;
which
his
School-master
being
acquainted
with
,
whipt
him
for
it
,
by
his
Fathers
direction
.
He
laid
an
unsolid
Foundation
of
Learning
at
Cambridge
;
but
he
was
soon
cloy'd
with
Studies
,
delighting
more
in
Horses
,
and
in
Pastimes
abroad
in
the
Fields
.
However
,
from
one
Indecent
Action
the
Reader
may
conclude
of
the
extravagance
of
his
Youth
.
Sir
Oliver
Cromwell
his
Uncle
,
an
honest
,
good
Gentleman
,
far
from
the
Humours
of
the
Nephew
,
after
the
old
manner
kept
Christmas
,
with
Musick
,
Dancing
,
And
Scurrility
.
and
the
other
Diversions
of
a
chearful
heart
,
a
Master
of
the
Revels
(
as
the
Custom
was
)
presiding
in
their
Plays
;
when
,
my
Gentleman
observing
a
great
many
got
together
,
daubs
over
his
own
Boots
and
Gloves
with
Ordure
,
and
crouding
in
amongst
the
rest
whilst
they
were
a
Dancing
,
besmears
the
Clothes
of
the
Master
of
the
Revels
,
and
other
Guests
;
so
that
the
whole
House
was
perfumed
,
but
not
with
the
scent
of
Frankincense
.
Therefore
the
Master
of
the
Revels
caused
him
to
be
Horsed
upon
a
Pole
,
carried
upon
the
Shoulders
of
some
of
the
stronger
Youths
,
and
so
plunged
over
Head
and
Ears
in
the
next
Pond
,
there
to
be
throughly
rinsed
.
I
would
add
a
great
many
more
of
such
his
nasty
pranks
,
if
I
were
not
afraid
to
offend
the
Readers
Modesty
.
After
the
Death
of
his
Father
,
in
his
Youth
,
he
married
a
Gentlewoman
;
but
by
his
profuse
and
luxurious
way
of
living
,
in
a
short
time
he
squandered
away
both
his
own
and
Wives
Estate
,
His
youthful
Luxury
and
Repentance
.
so
that
he
was
almost
reduced
to
Beggary
.
Afterward
,
playing
the
Penitent
,
he
gave
himself
wholly
over
to
the
hearing
of
Sermons
,
reading
of
Godly
Books
,
and
Works
of
Mortification
;
and
having
hired
a
Brewhouse
,
as
if
he
would
now
Brew
better
than
he
had
Baked
,
he
plied
the
Brewing
Trade
and
Husbandry
.
After
that
,
by
means
of
Sir
Robert
Steward
,
some
Royalists
,
and
Clergy-men
,
he
was
reconciled
to
his
Uncle
,
who
could
not
before
endure
him
,
so
that
he
made
him
his
Heir
.
But
shortly
after
,
His
Penury
and
Want
.
having
again
run
out
of
all
,
he
resolved
to
go
to
New-England
,
and
prepares
all
things
for
that
end
.
In
the
mean
time
,
by
the
help
of
Sectarians
,
he
was
chosen
a
Member
of
Parliament
;
where
finding
fit
Companions
,
mad
partly
through
Ambition
,
and
partly
through
Zeal
and
Religion
,
His
Prejudice
against
the
King
.
he
omitted
no
opportunity
of
fomenting
Debates
,
and
raising
Calumnies
to
the
prejudice
of
the
King
,
inventing
Tales
,
stirring
up
the
Embers
,
and
blowing
about
Sparks
of
Division
,
till
at
length
he
put
all
into
a
fair
Flame
and
Combustion
.
The
War
afterwards
breaking
out
,
he
served
as
a
Captain
,
and
really
was
so
,
against
his
own
King
,
Charles
the
First
,
a
Prince
of
ever
Blessed
Memory
.
But
reflecting
with
himself
on
the
continual
Victories
of
the
Cavaliers
,
He
advises
the
Parliamentarians
.
he
told
the
Parliamentarians
,
that
the
Rabble
would
never
be
able
to
fight
against
the
King
,
whose
Army
consisted
of
Gentlemen
,
because
of
the
disparity
of
the
Cause
and
Motives
,
Honour
moving
the
one
,
and
Pay
the
other
:
but
if
they
desired
to
fight
with
equal
Courage
,
and
overcome
the
Enemy
,
they
must
look
out
for
and
raise
good
honest
Soldiers
,
that
would
fight
meerly
for
Conscience
sake
,
or
at
least
place
such
Officers
of
their
Forces
.
Many
have
often
heard
him
glory
of
that
Advice
.
Having
therefore
obtained
leave
from
the
Parliament
to
raise
a
Regiment
,
by
Letters
or
Messengers
he
invited
the
Honest
Men
(
as
he
was
pleased
to
call
them
)
from
among
all
the
Soldiers
in
the
several
Counties
,
with
whom
he
had
had
any
acquaintance
,
and
persuaded
them
to
take
on
with
him
.
Wherefore
Independents
,
Anabaptists
,
Quakers
,
and
,
in
a
word
,
all
the
Sink
of
Fanaticks
,
come
flocking
to
him
;
so
that
he
made
up
above
a
thousand
Horse
:
who
in
the
beginning
being
unskilful
either
in
handling
their
Arms
,
or
managing
a
Horse
,
by
Diligence
and
Industry
became
in
process
of
time
most
excellent
Soldiers
;
for
Cromwell
used
them
daily
to
look
after
,
feed
,
His
Military
Discipline
.
and
dress
their
Horses
,
and
,
when
it
was
needful
,
to
lie
together
on
the
ground
;
and
besides
,
taught
them
to
clean
and
keep
their
Arms
clear
,
and
have
them
ready
for
Service
,
to
chuse
the
best
Armour
,
and
to
arm
themselves
to
the
best
advantage
.
Trained
up
in
this
kind
of
Military
Exercise
,
they
excelled
all
their
Fellow-Soldiers
in
Feats
of
War
,
and
obtained
more
Victories
over
their
Enemy
.
This
was
the
beginning
of
the
New
Model
,
as
they
called
it
.
These
were
preferred
to
be
Commanders
and
Officers
in
most
part
of
the
Troops
of
the
Army
;
the
places
of
Private
Soldiers
being
filled
up
with
lusty
strong
Fellows
,
whom
Oliver
trained
up
and
kept
in
very
strict
Discipline
.
His
Command
and
Rule
.
Afterward
he
was
made
Major-General
of
the
Horse
,
then
Lieutenant-General
,
and
at
last
General
;
till
,
after
all
,
he
raised
himself
to
the
Dignity
of
Protector
,
and
invaded
the
highest
Place
of
Honour
and
Authority
.
When
he
was
thus
mounted
to
the
top
of
Preferment
,
his
first
care
was
to
break
down
the
Steps
by
which
he
ascended
,
lest
Rivals
might
climb
up
by
the
same
means
.
His
way
of
Ruling
.
Few
have
hitherto
applied
greater
Industry
than
he
in
the
Administration
of
the
Commonwealth
.
What
is
Philosophically
said
of
others
,
I
may
with
probability
affirm
of
him
;
to
wit
,
That
he
had
two
Assistant
Spirits
,
a
good
,
and
a
bad
;
and
that
when
he
knocked
his
Breast
,
poured
out
his
Prayers
,
Sighs
,
and
Tears
,
promising
all
things
that
were
good
,
he
was
acted
by
his
good
Genius
;
but
when
by
Lying
and
Fallacies
he
carried
on
his
Cheats
,
his
wicked
and
Traiterous
Designs
,
then
was
he
prompted
by
his
bad
Genius
or
Spirit
.
He
was
not
unworthy
of
Government
,
had
he
not
invaded
it
by
Villany
,
Fraud
,
Treachery
,
and
the
Blood
not
onely
of
others
,
but
of
his
own
Prince
also
.
Richard
takes
into
his
Hands
the
Reins
of
Government
,
Next
day
,
Richard
,
his
eldest
Son
,
is
by
the
Privy-Counsellors
,
after
mutual
Consultation
,
saluted
Protector
;
and
is
by
a
Herald
proclaimed
,
first
in
the
conspicuous
Places
in
London
,
and
then
all
over
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
.
Nay
,
the
Officers
of
the
Army
though
they
hatched
in
their
Breasts
contrary
Counsels
,
which
were
not
as
yet
come
to
maturity
,
came
to
Congratulate
him
,
and
under
their
Hand-writing
promised
to
be
true
to
,
and
defend
him
.
Not
so
much
out
of
his
own
Ambition
,
as
indeed
by
the
Allurements
of
others
.
But
he
was
far
from
aspiring
to
it
out
of
Ambition
,
and
his
Genius
was
so
far
from
affecting
Rule
,
having
observed
,
that
though
in
the
worst
of
time
the
factious
prevailed
,
and
the
Republicans
proudly
insulted
,
especially
over
the
Cavaliers
,
yet
Justice
used
commonly
to
follow
such
Practices
at
the
heels
,
that
he
would
have
been
content
rather
to
have
led
a
private
Life
in
Peace
,
free
from
hatred
and
danger
.
But
Allurements
and
the
fawnings
of
Fortune
blassing
his
Youthful
Mind
,
and
being
tickled
(
as
it
is
natural
to
Man
)
with
the
splendour
of
Government
,
he
at
length
complies
with
the
temptation
.
I
know
not
what
madness
of
the
People
spurred
him
likewise
on
to
it
;
who
in
a
kind
of
a
Phrensie
brought
him
from
all
parts
,
to
the
number
of
ninety
Congratulatory
Addresses
,
that
they
might
worship
the
Rising-sun
.
Richard
makes
a
magnificent
Funeral
for
his
Father
Oliver
Cromwell
,
at
a
vast
charge
;
Cromwells
expensive
Funeral
,
which
his
Counsellers
advised
him
to
,
for
this
end
,
that
being
already
sufficiently
burdened
with
Debts
,
he
might
be
reduced
to
greater
want
of
Money
.
But
it
was
debated
amongst
the
Officers
,
whether
they
should
accompany
the
Funeral
in
deep
and
close
Mourning
,
for
fear
that
being
pestered
in
that
Habit
,
a
Regiment
or
two
of
Cavaliers
dropping
out
of
the
Clouds
to
disturb
the
Solemnitie
,
they
might
not
be
able
to
defend
themselves
,
though
Soldiers
were
planted
all
along
on
both
sides
of
the
way
for
their
security
.
And
Enterment
amongst
Royal
Ashes
.
He
was
buried
in
Westminster
Abby
Church
,
which
is
so
Conspicuous
for
the
Monuments
of
our
Kings
,
that
Europe
cannot
exceed
it
in
stately
and
sumptuous
Tombs
;
as
if
he
were
there
to
give
Laws
to
the
Ghosts
of
Princes
,
whom
he
prosecuted
with
so
much
hatred
whilst
alive
.
Ireton
,
Bradshaw
,
and
all
the
crew
of
the
Regicides
aspired
also
to
that
Burial
amongst
the
Royal
Ashes
.
This
Farce
is
no
sooner
ended
,
but
another
presently
comes
upon
the
Stage
.
For
the
Republicans
Plot
and
undermine
,
The
〈…〉
●ill
〈◊〉
t●rds
Richa●d
.
and
by
degrees
attempt
the
ruine
of
Richard
,
which
they
had
before
hatched
in
their
Minds
.
First
they
repair
to
Fleetwood's
House
,
upon
pretext
of
Duty
,
and
of
joyning
together
in
Prayers
after
their
accustomed
manner
:
they
glance
at
things
first
,
a●
a
distance
;
and
reconcile
Lambert
and
other
disbanded
Officers
to
Desborough
,
and
those
that
still
were
in
Office
in
the
Army
.
By
and
by
,
●y
end●avour
〈◊〉
F●twood
and
him
together
by
the
Ears
.
they
discourse
of
the
Charge
of
Protector
,
as
if
by
right
it
belonged
to
Fleetwood
,
and
by
Cromwells
last
Will
,
whilst
he
was
Compos
mentis
,
designed
for
him
;
but
that
Richard
was
in
a
surreptitious
manner
,
and
by
the
craft
of
some
of
the
Council
substituted
,
when
his
Father
had
lost
his
Senses
;
that
it
concerned
them
to
be
governed
by
a
Pious
and
Expert
Leader
,
such
as
had
been
tried
in
many
difficulties
.
So
the
Firebrand
of
Contention
being
once
thrown
in
amongst
them
,
they
proceed
by
all
ways
to
blow
it
,
and
by
fresh
Fewel
to
raise
it
to
a
Flame
.
The
Relations
being
by
this
means
put
at
variance
,
and
mutually
incensed
one
against
another
,
the
Private
Soldiers
are
tamperred
with
to
side
with
them
;
and
that
they
might
not
seem
to
lose
their
labour
,
for
their
sakes
,
they
desire
that
the
Soldiers
may
have
their
full
pay
,
which
in
latter
times
was
cut
short
by
two
pence
a
week
.
The
next
thing
brought
under
debate
,
is
the
Government
of
the
Army
.
Cromwell
had
ruled
Arbitrarily
by
meer
Despotical
Authority
,
turning
out
any
Officer
or
Soldier
at
his
pleasure
,
and
putting
others
in
their
places
;
no
Man
must
now
take
so
much
upon
himself
,
nor
enjoy
so
unlimited
a
Prerogative
.
Therefore
the
Soldiers
come
to
a
Petition
,
wherein
they
humbly
desire
,
that
for
the
future
,
The
Soldiers
challenge
to
themselves
extravagant
Priviledges
.
No
Soldier
be
turned
out
of
place
without
a
Council
of
War
,
nor
that
any
Action
be
brought
against
a
Soldier
but
according
to
Martial
Law
;
that
no
Soldier
be
brought
to
Tryal
for
Murder
,
Theft
,
Sacriledge
or
Robbery
,
but
in
a
Court
Marshall
;
and
that
the
Soldiers
have
the
power
of
choosing
their
own
General
.
These
things
are
argued
verbally
before
the
Protector
,
and
afterwards
by
Publick
Writings
and
Declarations
.
When
Richard
perceived
that
the
Council
of
State
and
Government
were
tossed
with
these
storms
,
he
though
it
safest
to
betake
himself
to
a
Parliament
,
and
try
the
aid
thereof
in
his
difficulties
.
Therefore
a
Parliament
is
called
,
A
Parliament
is
called
,
wherein
much
time
is
spent
in
jangling
without
any
f●uit
;
to
consist
of
two
Houses
,
according
to
the
Model
of
the
Instrument
of
Government
;
Commissioners
from
Scotland
and
Ireland
being
likewise
admitted
;
who
no
sooner
meet
,
but
they
begin
to
quarrel
at
the
new
made
Lords
.
These
,
again
,
are
inveighed
against
,
and
it
is
called
in
question
,
by
what
Right
or
Law
they
sat
in
that
House
.
Nor
is
there
less
heat
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
betwixt
the
Republicans
and
Court-Party
;
the
first
contending
,
that
both
the
Scots
and
Irish
ought
to
be
turned
out
of
the
Parliament
of
England
,
as
having
no
right
to
Vote
there
by
any
Law
,
being
meer
Slaves
to
the
Protector
,
and
no
ways
representing
the
Commonwealth
.
At
length
,
after
much
Jangling
,
Yet
they
are
reconciled
.
and
many
Reproaches
,
the
Members
of
the
lower
House
,
for
Reconciliation
sake
,
Vote
a
present
Conference
with
those
of
the
Other
House
,
for
they
studiously
avoided
the
name
of
the
Vpper
House
,
about
Publick
Affairs
;
provided
,
that
should
be
no
prejudice
to
the
True
and
Antient
Peers
,
and
those
,
who
during
the
War
had
not
abandoned
the
Commonwealth
.
The
Instrument
of
Government
is
sifted
.
Afterwards
a
Recognition
in
favour
of
Richard
being
moved
,
occasioned
no
small
stir
's
in
the
House
;
the
Courtiers
,
who
were
devoted
to
his
Party
,
and
the
Republicans
clashing
mightily
about
it
:
taking
occasion
thereupon
,
they
inveigh
against
the
Instrument
of
Government
,
as
being
extorted
from
a
Lame
Parliament
,
that
was
neither
full
,
nor
free
;
and
examining
all
the
Articles
of
it
,
they
let
fly
against
Cromwell's
Ghost
.
Not
a
few
who
favoured
the
Kings
Intrest
struck
in
with
these
,
that
the
contrary
parties
being
equally
ballanced
,
nothing
might
on
either
side
be
agreed
upon
.
They
recall
Overton
from
Banishment
.
Nevertheless
they
repeal
the
order
for
Imprisonment
of
Overton
the
Republican
,
as
heretofore
made
by
Oliver
Cromwell
against
the
standing
Laws
;
and
having
sent
for
him
from
the
Isle
of
Jersey
,
where
he
had
been
detained
in
Prison
,
they
suffered
him
to
shew
himself
near
Whitehall
in
a
trumphant
manner
.
They
accuse
Berkstead
and
Butler
of
Treason
.
Berkstead
also
,
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
of
London
,
and
Butler
,
Major
General
of
the
Army
,
a
most
insolent
,
haughty
Man
,
are
accused
of
High
Treason
,
which
they
thought
sufficient
to
be
done
at
present
.
The
Commanders
of
the
Army
urging
their
Proposals
,
In
the
mean
time
the
Officers
of
the
Army
obstinately
urge
their
Proposals
;
whose
Councils
were
for
the
most
part
guided
by
many
Republican
Parliament-Men
.
When
some
perswaded
Richard
,
and
offered
their
assistance
to
quell
these
Men
,
by
suddenly
seizing
the
Leaders
of
them
when
they
came
together
to
hold
a
Council
,
Richard
is
wanting
to
himself
,
he
would
not
condescend
;
partly
out
of
Cowardise
,
as
not
daring
to
oppose
the
raging
Officers
;
and
partly
also
out
of
too
much
credulity
,
as
being
perswaded
by
Fleetwood
his
Sisters
Husband
,
and
his
Uncle
Desborough
,
that
the
Army
,
though
they
desired
to
enjoy
their
Priviledges
,
and
that
the
form
of
Government
might
be
a
little
altered
,
yet
would
not
do
any
prejudice
to
his
Person
or
Interest
,
which
they
would
not
make
ample
and
sufficient
amends
for
.
Richard
then
thought
it
enough
,
in
imitation
of
his
Father
,
to
look
big
,
threaten
,
chide
,
and
roar
.
However
they
are
not
terrified
,
but
rather
provoked
to
greater
rage
by
that
blunt
Thunderbolt
;
nor
do
they
onely
scoff
and
make
mouths
at
him
,
but
slight
him
as
an
Ass
,
and
attempt
greater
matters
against
him
.
From
hence
forward
,
And
is
forsaken
of
his
Friends
.
those
that
formerly
wished
best
to
him
,
abandon
him
in
Counsel
,
and
every
way
;
nor
do
they
think
it
worth
the
while
to
meddle
in
his
Affairs
,
whom
God
had
so
infatuated
,
as
to
make
him
neglect
his
own
Interest
.
Therefore
they
bequeath
their
Labour
and
Studies
to
the
Cause
of
the
King
,
as
being
clearly
convinced
at
length
,
that
that
was
the
onely
Interest
that
could
justly
and
lawfully
be
maintained
.
But
the
Officers
seeing
their
Proposals
tending
to
maturity
,
frame
a
Remonstrance
,
The
Officers
publish
a
Remonstrance
,
wherein
they
turn
the
fury
of
their
engines
aganst
the
Name
of
Malignants
;
complaining
,
That
the
Good
Old
Cause
was
forgot
,
that
the
Asserters
of
it
were
every
where
vil
fied
,
the
great
Patrons
and
Patriots
of
it
(
the
Kings
Judges
)
put
into
Printed
Lists
,
and
marked
for
destruction
,
with
the
ruin
of
all
the
Godly
and
the
Cause
together
;
that
many
Cavaliers
came
daily
from
beyond
Sea
,
and
in
presence
of
the
People
asserted
the
Kings
Cause
,
and
Consulted
together
;
with
much
more
of
this
Nature
.
They
pray
,
that
these
things
may
speedily
be
redressed
;
giving
no
obscure
marks
of
their
Inclination
of
bringing
in
a
Democracy
again
.
This
they
desire
Richard
to
represent
to
the
Parliament
,
scaring
him
thus
with
Lightning
before
the
Thunderclap
.
But
the
Parliament
,
(
some
true
Republicans
being
amongst
them
)
out
of
design
,
as
some
thought
,
that
he
might
have
the
Army
against
him
,
And
are
by
the
Parliament
discharged
to
keep
Consults
.
pass
a
very
imperious
Vote
,
Prohibiting
any
number
of
Officers
and
Soldiers
to
meet
together
for
holding
of
Consults
,
until
the
Parliament
should
determine
about
these
Affairs
:
Which
Richard
delivering
both
in
his
own
,
and
in
Name
of
the
Parliament
,
and
commanding
their
Consults
to
cease
,
in
a
full
meeting
of
the
Officers
,
Desborough
takes
him
up
for
it
;
so
that
the
Officers
becoming
fiercer
and
more
angry
,
This
made
them
draw
into
the
Conspiracy
the
L●eutenancy
and
Officers
of
the
Militia
of
Lond●n
.
they
apply
themselves
to
the
Lieutenancy
of
the
Militia
of
London
,
and
allure
them
to
a
consent
,
and
to
joyn
with
them
,
that
being
involved
in
the
same
guilt
with
them
,
they
might
not
boggle
to
desire
the
same
things
of
the
Parliament
.
This
by
means
of
Ireton
(
the
Brother
of
the
late
Ireton
,
the
Commander
)
then
Lord
Mayor
,
and
of
other
Leading
Men
,
they
easily
obtained
.
After
these
Prelimnaries
,
the
Officers
of
the
Army
,
drawing
together
their
Forces
before
Day
,
Presently
they
beset
Whitehall
,
beset
Whitehall
,
where
the
Protector
lived
,
sending
in
,
in
the
mean
time
,
Desborough
and
Fleetwood
,
earnestly
to
beseech
him
that
he
would
presently
dissolve
the
Parliament
,
and
to
acquaint
him
,
That
if
it
were
not
speedily
done
,
the
Officers
would
cause
Fire
to
be
set
to
the
House
,
and
all
that
resisted
to
be
slain
.
And
Richard
being
overcone
by
their
Prayers
and
Threatnings
,
dissolves
the
Parliament
.
Richard
terrified
with
these
threats
,
having
in
vain
implored
the
Assistance
of
the
City
,
without
either
Guards
or
Soldiers
to
stand
by
him
,
and
his
Bed-chamber
Men
and
other
Servants
being
frightned
,
at
length
Signs
a
Proclamation
to
be
published
for
Dissolving
the
Parliament
.
After
this
,
some
few
days
being
allowed
him
to
repent
for
what
he
had
done
,
and
to
take
new
Counsels
,
there
were
a
great
many
who
prognosticated
all
evils
to
him
,
nay
,
affirmed
them
to
be
hanging
over
his
Head
;
seeing
now
the
inveterate
Enemies
of
his
Family
,
swoln
with
Pride
and
Malice
,
who
never
kept
Faith
to
any
Man
,
were
got
into
Power
again
:
He
being
s●rrounded
with
these
dangers
,
That
perhaps
they
would
sooth
and
slatter
him
at
present
;
till
under
pretence
of
his
Authority
they
might
rob
him
of
the
Assistance
and
Protection
of
his
Friends
,
and
then
having
exposed
him
to
hatred
and
derision
,
try
him
for
his
Life
,
and
that
under
colour
of
a
Law
formerly
made
,
whereby
to
aspire
to
,
or
introduce
Monarchy
,
is
declared
Treason
.
Is
perswaded
to
espouse
the
Kings
Cause
.
It
was
moreover
represented
to
him
,
That
he
had
still
a
safe
refuge
under
the
Mercy
of
the
King
,
if
he
would
expiate
his
Fathers
Crime
by
his
own
Allegiance
;
that
it
was
the
part
of
a
King
to
keep
his
Word
;
that
the
Lord
Petcombe
,
the
Danish
Resident
,
had
promised
to
send
over
Letters
safe
to
the
Soundt
,
that
a
Messenger
might
be
more
securely
sent
afterward
to
the
Admiral
to
acquaint
him
with
these
Affairs
;
and
that
he
would
likewise
give
security
on
the
Kings
part
,
that
the
Articles
should
be
fulfilled
:
That
that
was
no
such
difficult
thing
to
be
done
,
since
the
Fleet
was
as
yet
free
from
Contagion
,
the
Admiral
ready
to
serve
the
King
,
and
both
hating
and
hated
by
the
Parricides
;
that
besides
,
Portsmouth
and
other
strong
Holds
would
joyn
with
him
in
a
strict
Confederacy
;
that
most
part
of
the
People
also
,
for
the
sake
of
the
King
,
and
to
revenge
the
injuries
done
to
himself
,
and
the
Parliament
,
abruptly
dissolved
,
would
rise
in
Arms
;
and
lastly
,
that
all
Ireland
was
as
yet
subject
to
his
Government
.
Being
sollicited
by
these
and
such
like
Arguments
,
he
was
in
suspence
,
not
knowing
what
to
do
;
he
was
tossed
betwixt
hope
and
fear
,
having
missed
or
abused
the
occasion
of
doing
his
business
,
sometimes
preferring
the
Counsels
of
some
,
and
by
and
by
again
of
others
,
and
sometimes
ready
to
run
for
it
:
till
at
length
being
advised
by
Fleetwood
and
other
Republicans
(
whose
Opinions
he
had
privately
asked
)
That
it
would
be
much
safer
for
him
to
enjoy
certain
and
sure
Priviledges
,
●eetwood
di●wading
him
.
than
dangerously
make
tryal
of
new
Experiments
,
with
fear
and
astonishment
he
keeps
in
Whitehall
.
In
the
mean
time
a
Council
being
called
,
the
Officers
that
had
stood
for
Richard
,
Ingoldsby
,
Coff
,
Whaley
,
Fal●onberge
,
and
Howard
,
are
●asheered
;
the
old
Republican
Colonels
,
whom
his
Father
had
formerly
turned
out
,
Lambert
,
Harrison
,
Rich
,
Parker
,
Ok●y
and
others
,
being
again
brought
into
play
.
Then
the
Officers
of
the
Army
,
with
some
five
or
six
Members
of
the
Musty
Old
Rump
,
The
Officers
agan
raise
the
Rump
from
the
Dead
,
meeting
together
in
the
House
of
the
Old
Speaker
Lenthall
,
require
him
,
that
he
would
reassume
his
Chair
,
after
a
long
intermission
,
in
Parliament
,
and
again
sit
at
the
Helm
of
the
Government
.
Which
at
first
he
refused
,
alledging
invincible
Arguments
to
the
contrary
;
but
afterwards
,
partly
through
the
threats
and
desires
of
Vane
,
and
chiefly
of
Lambert
,
partly
through
his
own
Pusillanimity
,
and
partly
through
his
own
ambitious
desire
of
Rule
,
he
is
prevailed
upon
,
and
condescends
.
The
Officers
having
acknowledged
the
injury
they
had
done
to
the
Rump
,
and
having
publickly
declared
their
sorrow
for
it
,
and
the
Members
obliging
themselves
of
new
,
by
mutual
engagements
,
the
Speaker
with
his
Mace
before
him
enters
the
House
of
Commons
,
being
attended
by
as
many
as
could
be
got
together
out
of
the
Streets
,
Ale-houses
,
Taverns
,
(
And
what
sort
of
Men
they
were
:
)
even
the
Army
and
Prisons
;
which
nevertheless
being
computed
,
hardly
made
up
two
and
fourty
Men
:
by
so
small
a
Thread
the
Affairs
of
England
then
hung
.
Yet
these
Varlets
made
no
scruple
to
represent
three
States
,
make
and
unmake
Laws
,
Pros●ribe
,
Forfeit
,
and
take
to
themselves
the
absolute
Power
over
the
Lives
and
Fortunes
of
all
.
The
Articles
or
Engagements
that
they
entered
in
,
were
to
this
purpose
;
And
bound
to
these
Articles
,
That
all
should
enjoy
their
Liberties
and
Properties
.
That
there
be
a
fixed
and
determinate
proceeding
in
Law
.
That
all
Crimes
relating
to
the
change
of
Government
be
abolished
.
That
all
Statutes
and
Ordinances
remain
in
force
,
until
the
contrary
be
Enacted
.
That
Publick
Debts
be
punctually
paid
.
That
no
Man
believing
in
the
Father
,
Son
,
and
Holy
Ghost
,
and
acknowledging
the
Holy
Bible
for
the
Word
of
God
,
be
debarred
from
the
profession
of
his
Religion
,
except
Episcopal-Men
and
Papists
.
That
a
Zealous
and
Powerful
Ministry
be
by
all
means
cherished
.
That
Colledges
and
Schools
be
reformed
.
That
at
present
Fleetwood
have
the
chief
Command
of
the
Forces
both
by
Sea
and
Land
.
That
for
the
future
,
the
Parliament
have
the
Legislative
Power
,
and
the
Council
of
State
the
Executive
.
That
the
Protectors
Debts
be
paid
:
and
that
he
have
a
Liberal
Pension
of
Ten
thousand
pounds
yearly
,
during
Life
,
and
ten
thousand
more
in
Inheritance
.
And
that
his
Mother
also
,
during
Life
,
have
eight
thousand
pounds
yearly
out
of
the
Exchequer
.
Send
them
into
the
Parliament-house
.
The
Parricides
being
bound
to
these
Articles
,
take
their
Seats
again
in
the
Parliament-House
;
but
how
much
they
valued
them
,
they
make
it
quickly
manifest
.
In
the
mean
time
,
many
of
the
old
Members
,
to
the
number
of
above
three
hundred
,
who
had
been
secluded
heretofore
by
the
Officers
of
the
Army
,
though
they
believed
the
Parliament
to
be
dissolved
by
the
Death
of
Charles
the
First
,
and
the
Abrogation
of
the
House
of
Lords
,
yet
,
that
they
might
avoid
other
Inconveniencies
,
desiring
to
be
readmitted
,
are
carefully
kept
out
.
Some
few
Days
after
,
they
send
Commissioners
to
Richard
,
to
ask
him
the
Question
,
How
he
liked
the
change
of
Government
,
and
what
Debts
he
owed
?
that
wheadling
him
with
the
hopes
of
kind
usage
,
they
might
draw
from
him
a
voluntary
renunciation
of
the
Authority
.
He
makes
answer
,
That
he
thought
it
reasonable
that
he
should
submit
to
their
Authority
,
from
whom
he
must
expect
protection
:
that
his
Steward
should
give
them
an
account
of
his
Debts
.
Richard
out
of
fear
having
resigned
up
his
Authority
,
But
nothing
but
a
formal
and
express
resignation
would
please
them
;
to
which
he
seemed
chearfully
to
give
his
assent
.
And
now
at
length
he
is
commanded
to
deliver
up
all
the
Goods
and
Houshold
Furniture
,
not
so
much
as
reserving
to
himself
any
Gold
or
Silver
,
Jewels
or
Hangings
,
Linnen
,
or
any
other
Goods
that
might
have
been
pack'd
up
in
a
small
bulk
;
all
are
adjudged
to
the
Exchequer
.
Stript
of
all
,
departs
out
of
Whitehall
.
Thus
stript
of
all
,
he
is
commanded
to
depart
out
of
Whitehall
,
liable
to
the
Actions
of
all
his
Creditors
,
and
perhaps
to
have
been
tried
for
his
Life
,
had
they
not
had
other
Fish
to
fry
.
Behold
the
perfidiousness
of
Mortal
Men
,
and
a
wonderful
instance
of
Divine
Providence
,
which
presides
over
,
and
alters
Humane
Affairs
and
Governments
,
as
it
seemeth
Good
to
the
Amighty
!
He
who
just
now
swayed
the
Scepter
of
three
Kingdoms
,
forced
by
the
Calamities
of
a
tedious
Civil
War
to
truckle
under
his
Vicegerents
,
three
old
Commanders
,
to
wit
,
his
Brother
,
Brother-in-law
,
and
a
third
,
whom
Cromwell
had
obliged
by
many
and
great
Favours
;
he
,
I
say
,
in
the
short
space
of
one
year
,
is
craftily
turned
out
of
all
,
and
now
stript
of
his
borrowed
Plumes
,
he
becomes
the
object
of
the
Raillery
of
Poets
and
Painters
,
And
being
made
a
laughing
stock
,
betakes
himself
again
to
a
Country
Life
.
and
being
sufficiently
lasht
with
the
giibes
and
reproaches
both
of
the
Parricides
,
and
Rabble
,
as
of
old
the
Dictator
was
called
from
the
Plough
,
so
now
the
Protector
is
sent
back
to
the
Plough
.
Part
the
Third
:
OR
,
THE
HISTORY
OF
THE
Composing
the
Affairs
of
England
By
the
Restauration
of
King
CHARLES
II.
And
the
Punishment
of
the
Regicides
,
And
the
Settlement
of
the
Church
and
State
as
they
were
before
the
Rebellion
.
THE
Civil
War
of
England
,
begun
by
a
pernicious
and
fatal
Parliament
,
A
Recapitulation
of
things
past
.
raged
for
the
space
of
eight
years
with
various
successes
of
Battels
;
till
the
Royalists
being
in
all
parts
worsted
,
and
not
able
to
keep
the
Field
,
Charles
the
First
,
the
best
of
Kings
,
a
Prince
of
most
exalted
but
persecuted
Virtue
,
to
avoid
the
victorious
Arms
of
the
English
Independants
,
moved
by
ill
fate
or
bad
counsel
,
cast
himself
into
the
arms
of
the
Presbyterian
Scots
,
by
whom
he
was
,
for
a
round
sum
of
money
,
treacherously
delivered
up
into
the
hands
of
English
Traytors
.
Nor
was
it
long
before
he
was
a
sad
instance
,
that
the
Prisons
of
Kings
are
but
little
distant
from
their
Graves
.
For
(
what
the
flagitiousness
of
past
Ages
never
attempted
,
and
future
Will
hardly
believe
)
the
unfortunate
Prince
,
to
make
way
for
the
Usurpation
of
the
Traytor
Cromwel
,
January
30.
1648.
was
forced
by
a
scenical
and
mock-form
of
Law
and
Justice
,
to
lay
down
his
sacred
head
to
be
struck
off
upon
a
Block
.
The
boldest
Villany
that
ever
any
Nation
saw
;
and
a
Parricide
that
all
the
World
was
astonished
at
.
But
this
Villany
succeeding
so
prosperously
,
and
Britain
at
length
,
September
3.
1650.
and
Sept.
3.
1651.
and
Ireland
being
subdued
by
victorious
Rebels
,
as
the
Forces
of
Charles
the
Second
were
entirely
routed
by
the
defeats
at
Dumbar
and
Worcester
;
Cromwel
the
Traytor
delayed
no
longer
the
execution
of
his
long-projected
Wickedness
.
He
knew
full
well
,
that
the
name
of
the
Parliament
was
grown
odious
to
the
people
,
through
the
uneasiness
of
their
flagitious
and
usurped
Dominion
.
Turning
therefore
his
Arms
against
his
hauty
Masters
,
April
20.
1653.
he
turned
them
out
of
the
House
,
as
Objects
first
of
his
own
contempt
,
and
then
of
the
peoples
scorn
.
The
onely
grateful
action
he
did
to
the
Kingdom
.
Cromw
.
takes
upon
him
the
Protectorship
.
And
now
Cromwel
being
Master
,
and
impatient
of
a
slow
progress
to
Usurpation
,
grasps
the
Scepter
,
with
the
lofty
Title
of
Protector
.
In
the
mean
time
he
ruled
more
arbitrarily
than
a
King
,
though
he
seemed
to
refuse
the
Title
which
he
passionately
aspired
to
.
Whether
he
was
more
remarkable
for
Falshood
or
Valour
,
the
Reader
may
judge
,
since
Courage
he
had
by
turns
and
intervals
,
but
was
never
without
Hypocrisie
and
native
Treachery
.
When
for
the
space
of
five
years
he
had
filled
all
places
with
Slaughter
,
and
Bloud
,
with
Banishments
,
Robberies
,
and
all
sorts
of
Cruelty
;
being
implacable
to
his
Enemies
,
false
to
his
Friends
,
despised
abroad
,
grievous
to
others
,
uneasie
to
himself
;
amidst
the
Pulpit-Juggles
of
foolish
idle
men
,
the
hidden
stings
&
lashes
of
a
most
guilty
Conscience
,
with
a
distracted
mind
and
enthusiastical
madness
,
he
ended
his
wicked
days
;
He
dies
.
Sep
3.
1658.
on
the
very
day
which
being
formerly
joyful
to
him
,
because
of
the
two
bloudy
Overthrows
of
Britain
,
becomes
now
festival
to
three
Nations
.
Richard
succeeds
to
his
villanous
Usurpation
,
Richard
succeeds
.
a
Son
in
all
things
unlike
to
his
Father
,
and
unfit
for
daring
Resolutions
.
His
judgment
and
actions
were
managed
by
the
direction
and
suggestions
of
others
;
and
was
so
easily
imposed
upon
by
their
knavery
,
that
by
what
followed
shortly
after
,
Vnfit
for
the
dignity
.
it
appeared
that
onely
the
late
Cromwel
had
a
mind
able
to
support
such
a
weight
.
For
the
Colonels
of
the
Democratical
Faction
heretofore
turned
out
,
He
is
despised
by
the
Democratical
Colonels
.
who
were
more
addicted
to
the
government
of
the
Parliament
,
than
to
that
of
a
Protector
,
when
they
perceived
the
turn
of
Affairs
,
and
their
old
hopes
revived
,
revenged
by
the
ruine
of
the
Son
,
the
injuries
they
had
received
from
the
Father
.
And
abusing
the
easiness
of
Richard
to
insolence
and
contempt
,
they
industriously
set
about
the
changing
again
of
the
Protectordom
into
a
Commonwealth
.
Whether
the
Relations
and
Counsellors
of
Richard
were
privy
to
the
Plot
,
or
deluded
,
I
cannot
say
,
Richard's
Relations
combine
with
them
but
at
length
they
fatally
deluded
him
.
And
being
Complices
of
the
Treachery
of
the
Democraticks
,
they
were
made
a
Cloak
for
the
Ambition
of
others
.
Richard
therefore
being
advised
by
his
Friends
to
dissolve
the
Parliament
which
he
had
lately
called
,
the
onely
support
of
his
own
hopes
,
and
terrour
of
the
Rebel-Colonels
;
too
late
he
was
sensible
of
the
treachery
or
ignorance
of
his
Friends
,
and
too
late
condemned
his
own
credulity
.
Richard's
affairs
being
then
in
their
declension
,
and
his
Relations
Fleetwood
and
Desborough
seduced
either
by
vanity
or
knavery
;
The
power
of
Lambert
formerly
laid
aside
,
became
now
paramount
,
and
by
joynt
Councils
in
appearance
,
Lambert
,
&c.
returns
to
the
Army
.
they
managed
the
Affairs
of
the
Government
with
equal
care
,
though
different
designes
;
but
what
Fleetwood
more
openly
,
Lambert
more
cunningly
carried
on
.
And
now
the
Officers
whom
old
Cromwel
had
heretofore
turned
out
of
the
Army
,
being
restored
,
they
invaded
the
Forces
,
as
before
they
did
the
government
of
Richard
.
But
that
the
matter
might
be
brought
about
in
the
usual
forms
,
they
appoint
Prayers
,
the
common
prelude
of
Traytors
,
to
be
made
in
St.
James's
;
where
many
Independant
Preachers
of
great
note
in
their
long-winded
Prayers
,
call
upon
God
as
a
Witness
of
their
Treachery
.
And
the
very
same
who
lately
prayed
for
the
health
of
Cromwel
on
his
Death-bed
,
now
basely
and
craftily
consult
about
the
exclusion
of
his
Son
.
The
Rump-Parliament
is
restored
by
the
Colonels
.
But
whilst
they
hastned
the
execution
of
their
late
designes
,
they
gave
a
remarkable
and
foul
instance
of
their
inconstancy
,
by
restoring
to
Supreme
Power
,
the
Rump-Parliament
,
which
Cromwel
by
their
own
hands
six
years
before
,
had
dragg'd
out
of
the
House
:
that
sink
of
ill
men
,
I
mean
,
who
were
infamous
by
the
Spoils
of
the
publick
,
foully
stained
with
all
sort
of
Knavery
,
Impudence
,
and
Avarice
;
and
for
their
Crimes
so
universally
hated
of
the
People
,
that
it
was
a
very
easie
matter
to
have
raised
or
depressed
again
these
Phantoms
of
Government
,
by
the
like
wantonness
of
the
giddy
Mobile
.
To
be
turned
out
again
i●
time
.
Which
deposes
Richard
And
now
these
Parliament-Robbers
being
again
admitted
to
the
Government
,
they
take
their
known
places
,
and
being
above
all
things
mindful
of
Cromwel's
Treachery
,
they
turn
out
Richard
,
wavering
,
as
yet
,
and
tottering
in
his
Throne
;
and
lay
the
quaking
Protestoral
Youth
flat
upon
the
ground
.
As
if
by
turning
the
infamy
upon
the
Cromwels
they
might
thereby
wipe
off
their
own
Reproach
.
They
demand
an
account
of
the
Funeral-charges
of
his
dead
Father
,
Then
exposes
him
.
(
wherein
that
prodigal
Villain
had
outdone
the
burials
of
Kings
)
and
of
his
own
Creditors
;
but
with
no
designe
,
in
the
mean
while
,
to
pay
his
Debts
,
onely
to
expose
him
to
contempt
,
because
of
his
Poverty
,
or
to
scorn
,
for
his
Luxury
.
The
Members
of
Parliament
that
were
more
innocent
than
themselves
,
And
excludes
many
of
the
Members
.
or
more
adverse
to
bad
Councils
,
by
Guards
set
at
the
door
,
they
exclude
out
of
the
House
;
and
presently
declare
the
Secret
and
Mystery
of
the
Government
,
which
with
no
less
vanity
than
impudence
,
they
stiled
,
THE
GOOD
OLD
CAVSE
.
From
the
meeting
of
this
fatal
Rump
again
,
May
8.
I
shall
begin
my
work
.
The
first
thing
they
now
do
,
is
to
consult
how
they
may
secure
themselves
,
and
undo
the
Publick
.
That
they
had
been
formerly
thrust
out
by
the
Souldiers
,
The
Rump
prevents
the
power
of
the
Colonels
.
struck
deep
in
their
minds
;
and
that
they
might
therefore
prevent
future
Snares
from
the
Colonels
,
they
reserve
to
themselves
the
Supreme
Authority
in
the
Army
;
making
their
Speaker
Lenthal
General
in
the
Chair
.
And
having
turned
out
the
Officers
of
the
Army
that
were
for
a
Protectoral
Dignity
,
they
create
new
ones
out
of
the
Sink
of
Democraticks
.
But
before
I
proceed
any
farther
,
it
will
be
necessary
both
for
my self
and
the
Reader
,
to
give
a
more
accurate
account
of
the
state
of
the
English
Affairs
at
that
time
.
The
fate
of
the
Cromwels
was
now
come
:
for
Richard
being
laid
aside
at
London
,
Henry
Cromwel
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
submits
to
the
Rump
.
his
Brother
Henry
,
whom
his
Father
had
made
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
imitating
his
Brothers
weakness
,
at
the
command
of
the
Rump
,
delivers
up
the
Army
and
Government
to
Colonel
Ludlow
,
a
stern
man
,
and
trusty
to
the
Faction
,
who
succeeded
him
.
And
Monk
,
Governour
of
Scotland
;
and
the
Fleet
under
Lauson
.
Monk
,
Governour
of
Scotland
,
a
man
often
to
be
mentioned
in
our
Annals
,
promised
to
be
true
to
the
Rump-Parliament
;
as
also
did
the
Fleet
,
and
Vice-Admiral
Lauson
.
Fleetwood
also
and
Lambert
,
slighting
the
Oath
that
had
been
taken
to
the
Cromwels
,
made
the
English
Forces
and
Trainbands
of
the
City
,
swear
to
be
true
to
the
Rump
.
Fleetwood's
temper
.
Fleetwood
was
old
Cromwel's
Son-in-law
,
of
little
or
no
reputation
in
the
War
,
but
a
stout
Preacher
and
Prayer
:
He
hoped
to
have
been
Successour
in
the
Government
,
after
the
death
of
his
Father-in-law
;
but
being
disappointed
by
crafty
Oliver
,
if
he
was
not
,
because
of
that
,
glad
,
he
was
not
at
all
displeased
at
the
overthrow
of
his
Brother-in-law
Richard
.
Lambert's
ambition
.
Lambert
followed
another
conduct
;
under
an
affected
modesty
disguising
a
proud
spirit
,
and
aspiring
to
nothing
less
than
supreme
Government
.
He
had
heretofore
possessed
a
great
share
in
the
friendship
of
Cromwel
;
but
whether
for
his
own
or
his
Wife's
sake
,
I
shall
not
determine
.
Nor
was
he
thought
to
be
displeased
with
the
old
man
,
so
long
as
he
hoped
for
a
Successour
out
of
his
Family
,
and
to
be
adopted
in
the
Army
,
where
his
reputation
was
great
.
He
secretly
despised
Cromwel's
Relations
,
as
too
low
and
unfit
for
Principality
;
thinking
that
he
alone
remained
worthy
to
be
advanced
to
Supremacy
.
Which
afterwards
more
secretly
,
but
not
more
justly
,
he
attempted
,
rather
than
obtained
.
The
awe
of
Cromwel
,
whilst
alive
,
gave
some
check
,
such
as
it
was
,
The
deplorable
state
of
the
Commonwealth
to
the
dissembled
madness
of
the
Democratical
Republicans
.
But
the
Family
of
the
Cromwels
being
ruined
,
the
British
affairs
were
in
that
state
,
that
amongst
the
Regicides
no
faith
,
Through
the
perfidiousness
of
the
Souldiers
.
love
,
judgment
,
nor
truth
was
to
be
found
.
The
furious
unsetled
Colonels
,
without
sense
or
honesty
,
laying
aside
all
care
of
Reputation
or
Justice
,
softened
and
fed
their
private
hopes
.
The
Power
of
the
Rulers
was
mutually
suspected
,
and
the
Honour
of
the
Nation
wholly
slighted
.
And
the
same
Army
of
Cromwel
abandoning
the
Family
of
their
General
,
perfidiously
abolished
the
Protectordom
,
which
by
perjuries
they
had
established
as
a
brave
and
memorable
Constitution
.
The
Rabble
also
were
so
inclined
,
And
madness
of
the
People
.
that
many
desired
,
and
all
accustomed
to
the
Yoke
of
Bondage
,
suffered
the
Rump-Parliament
,
though
of
old
notorious
for
flagitiousness
,
and
now
for
buoying
up
the
aspiring
Colonels
.
In
the
mean
time
all
things
were
carried
according
to
the
pleasure
of
the
Rump
,
1659.
and
the
dictates
of
Fanaticks
,
the
terrour
of
the
present
,
and
presages
of
future
evils
.
But
the
turns
of
the
Government
were
no
less
odious
than
the
vices
of
the
Parricides
,
to
those
who
any
ways
concerned
themselves
for
the
Publick
.
In
the
mean
time
they
were
not
free
from
danger
,
The
dangers
of
the
Nobility
,
and
of
good
men
.
whom
Quality
,
the
suspicion
of
Loyalty
to
the
King
,
Wealth
,
or
eminent
Parts
rendred
obnoxious
to
the
Jealousies
of
the
Rulers
.
The
old
Souldiers
of
the
King
,
and
such
as
were
devoted
to
Charles
the
Second
,
in
the
mean
while
,
who
had
hearts
to
do
and
suffer
any
thing
,
rejoyced
in
secret
;
having
without
the
loss
of
reputation
,
or
degenerating
from
the
ancient
care
they
were
sprung
from
,
endured
the
calamities
of
Adversity
,
the
long
insulting
and
many
Rapines
of
Robbers
,
and
all
the
shams
of
Fortune
,
with
an
honest
and
patient
Poverty
.
Though
the
settlement
of
Cromwel
in
the
government
,
and
the
unshaken
fidelity
of
his
Adherents
,
had
so
often
defeated
all
their
endeavours
of
restoring
the
King
,
yet
they
carefully
eyed
the
dissensions
and
distractions
of
the
Fanaticks
,
and
the
turns
and
revolutions
of
the
Government
.
From
the
confusion
of
things
the
Royalists
take
hopes
.
And
now
the
mutual
clashings
of
the
Rebels
,
gave
courage
to
the
Loyal
Nobility
,
secretly
to
contrive
the
restauration
of
their
Liberty
;
and
under
pretence
of
a
free
and
full
Parliament
,
the
recovery
of
the
just
Rights
of
King
CHARLES
.
Their
Enterprizes
.
For
that
end
they
made
use
of
the
assistance
of
some
Presbyterians
,
an
inflexible
sort
of
men
,
a
bad
presage
of
a
certain
overthrow
,
since
they
are
a
kind
of
people
that
make
use
of
good
fortune
,
rather
for
the
subversion
than
the
establishment
of
Kings
.
Thus
a
framed
Conspiracy
all
over
England
,
produced
both
glory
and
danger
to
the
illustrious
Undertakers
.
Booth's
Insurrection
in
Cheshire
.
By
whom
assisted
.
Sir
George
Booth
,
now
Lord
Delamere
,
appeared
first
in
the
Insurrection
in
Cheshire
:
He
was
assisted
with
the
advice
and
hands
,
by
the
Earls
of
Derby
and
Kilmurry
,
Sir
Thomas
Middleton
,
Major-General
Egerton
,
and
many
others
of
less
note
,
who
having
incited
their
Country-men
to
take
up
Arms
,
and
having
formed
an
Army
,
they
put
a
Garrison
in
Chester
,
an
ancient
City
washed
by
the
River
Dee
.
Booth
himself
,
in
the
mean
time
,
with
2000
Horse
and
Foot
,
took
the
Field
,
expecting
the
aid
of
all
good
men
throughout
England
in
so
illustrious
an
Undertaking
;
but
with
more
Loyalty
than
Fortune
.
The
Rump
is
terrified
.
At
the
news
of
so
sudden
an
Eruption
,
the
Rump
was
terrified
;
and
being
doubtful
of
their
New
Government
,
startled
at
the
present
Commotions
,
apprehensive
of
future
,
and
conscious
of
the
greatness
of
their
own
Crimes
,
they
were
in
fear
of
all
men
.
And
so
much
the
more
,
that
they
knew
that
Booth
was
not
the
sole
Head
of
the
Party
,
but
that
there
were
many
more
besides
him
who
hatched
the
same
designes
.
The
Parricides
had
no
other
hopes
of
safety
,
but
in
daring
boldly
;
wherefore
arming
with
expedition
the
fiercest
of
the
Sectarian
Rout
,
Prepares
to
fight
.
doubling
their
Guards
,
and
sending
flying
parties
of
the
old
Forces
into
all
Counties
and
Towns
,
they
no
sooner
smelt
out
,
but
they
prevented
the
designes
of
the
Royalists
.
In
the
mean
time
Lambert
is
ordered
with
a
body
of
Horse
and
Foot
to
march
in
all
haste
against
Booth
.
Lambert
is
sent
against
Booth
.
But
the
guilty
Parricides
could
not
think
themselves
secure
,
unless
they
were
re-enforced
with
Souldiers
from
Scotland
,
and
the
Garrison
of
Dunkerk
,
and
with
two
Regiments
called
from
Ireland
,
commanded
by
Zanchie
and
Axtell
.
After
that
Booth
had
in
vain
endeavoured
to
hinder
their
conjunction
,
both
Armies
come
in
view
one
of
another
near
Norwich
;
but
the
River
that
runs
by
the
Town
,
hindred
the
Enemy
from
approaching
.
Booth
had
set
a
strong
Guard
to
defend
the
Bridge
over
the
River
,
and
had
drawn
up
his
men
beyond
it
,
but
still
inferiour
both
in
number
and
fortune
.
For
Lambert
having
gained
the
Bridge
,
Booth
is
defeated
,
charged
Booth's
Forces
so
warmly
,
that
the
raw
and
unexperienced
Country-Rout
were
not
able
to
endure
the
shock
of
the
old
and
expert
Souldiers
.
Lambert
having
put
all
of
them
to
flight
,
Chester
is
surrendered
unto
him
.
Booth
,
after
his
overthrow
,
hunting
about
for
a
safe
retreat
,
And
flies
.
He
is
taken
,
Aug.
20.
was
discovered
in
disguise
at
Newport
,
and
taken
;
from
whence
being
carried
to
London
,
he
was
clapt
up
in
the
Tower
.
His
whole
Estate
,
which
was
pretty
considerable
,
being
seized
;
his
head
had
likewise
gone
,
had
not
a
greater
destiny
preserved
him
from
the
imminent
cruelty
of
the
Rump
.
For
the
shortness
of
their
government
seems
to
be
the
cause
that
the
punishment
of
Booth's
Party
was
rather
deferred
than
remitted
.
The
short-lived
Rump
in
the
mean
time
were
not
a
little
proud
of
the
overthrow
of
their
enemies
,
The
confidence
of
the
Rump
upon
Booth's
overthrow
.
And
the
arrogance
of
Lambert
and
his
souldiers
.
and
emboldened
by
this
auspicious
beginning
of
their
New
Government
.
And
the
Cheshire-Insurrection
was
so
convenient
for
Lambert's
interest
,
that
he
reckoned
it
amongst
the
favours
of
his
prosperous
fortune
.
For
having
thereby
attained
(
which
he
so
much
desired
)
to
the
pre-eminence
of
a
General
,
he
intended
to
triumph
,
not
so
much
over
Booth
,
as
over
the
conquered
Rump
:
and
indeed
the
mutual
confidence
of
the
Knaves
was
not
durable
;
Jealousies
arising
betwixt
the
Parliament-men
&
the
Colonels
.
for
the
Rump
was
jealous
of
the
Army
,
and
the
Army
of
the
Rump
.
Lambert
in
the
mean
time
,
who
had
a
vast
power
in
the
Army
,
exceeding
all
bounds
of
a
private
condition
,
so
wheadled
the
Officers
and
Souldiers
,
that
upon
their
return
they
drew
up
and
signed
a
Petition
at
Derby
,
Sept.
16.
wherein
after
they
had
alleadged
many
ridiculous
falshood
of
their
dutifulness
towards
the
Rump
,
their
affection
to
the
Publick
,
and
Liberty
of
the
People
,
they
saucily
desire
the
House
,
that
the
Command
of
the
Army
should
be
put
into
the
hands
of
Fleetwood
and
Lambert
;
as
the
onely
means
of
uniting
the
Forces
in
faithfulness
and
concord
,
which
would
produce
a
durable
obedience
.
October
5.
The
Colonels
of
Fleetwood's
Army
at
London
,
despising
the
Authority
of
the
Rump
,
more
haughtily
demanded
the
same
thing
.
But
the
cunninger
Members
smelt
afar
off
these
Camp-designes
of
the
Officers
,
well
foreseeing
what
these
Councils
drove
at
at
long
run
.
And
this
made
them
fret
,
rage
,
and
threaten
.
Lambert's
ambition
is
taken
noting
of
by
Haselrigg
.
Haselrigg
,
a
hot-headed
man
,
and
a
great
Stickler
formerly
in
the
War
,
now
no
less
concerned
in
the
Faction
of
the
Democraticks
,
lays
it
out
confidently
,
That
the
Authority
of
the
Parliament
was
a
precacious
thing
;
that
Lambert
,
following
Cromwel
's
steps
,
endeavoured
alterations
,
and
that
his
modesty
,
at
long
run
,
would
prove
but
a
Decoy
to
easie
Fleetwood
:
or
to
this
purpose
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Army
was
divided
into
two
Factions
.
The
Army
divided
.
The
far
greater
part
were
for
giving
Laws
to
the
Parliament
,
though
the
rest
submitted
to
their
Authority
.
And
this
so
netled
the
Members
,
The
Parl.
mad
,
that
they
could
not
endure
the
insolence
of
the
Souldiers
;
but
come
on
't
what
would
,
they
resolved
to
vindicate
their
supreme
Authority
,
and
not
to
suffer
any
Power
in
the
Army
above
their
own
.
Thus
,
venturing
upon
a
revenge
,
Discharges
the
Country
from
Taxations
,
October
10.
(
whilst
the
Scales
were
as
yet
a
turning
)
if
the
Colonels
intended
to
use
force
,
they
resolved
to
leave
the
Traytors
a
poor
Game
to
play
;
and
discharge
the
publick
from
paying
any
Taxations
,
by
passing
a
Vote
,
That
no
money
shall
be
raised
without
consent
of
the
Parliament
;
and
that
he
who
did
to
the
contrary
,
should
be
guilty
of
High-Treason
against
the
Commonwealth
.
And
this
,
seeing
the
Army
wanted
money
,
was
the
neck-break
of
the
Colonels
.
Nor
could
any
thing
content
the
discontented
Rump
,
And
disbands
some
stubborn
Colonels
,
Octob.
11.
but
the
debarting
of
some
of
the
boldest
Colonels
disbanded
,
to
wit
,
Lambert
,
Desborough
,
Berry
,
Kelsey
,
Ashfield
,
Cobbet
,
Crede
,
Packer
,
and
Barrow
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Rump
appoints
a
Supreme
Council
of
War
over
the
Army
,
No
General
now
,
but
a
Council
of
War
.
without
any
name
of
a
General
,
consisting
of
Fleetwood
,
Monk
,
Haselrigg
,
Ludlow
,
Walton
,
Morley
,
and
Overton
;
the
Souldiers
in
the
mean
time
laughing
in
their
sleeve
at
the
vain
and
impotent
anger
of
the
Members
.
For
Lambert
and
the
rest
of
the
cashered
Colonels
,
upon
mature
deliberation
,
resolved
,
The
Colonels
conspire
against
the
Rump
.
That
seeing
their
interest
and
authority
was
still
in
force
in
the
Army
,
they
would
take
the
Field
,
persist
in
their
Resolutions
,
and
if
it
came
to
a
push
,
try
the
fidelity
of
the
Souldiers
.
And
because
they
found
by
experience
,
that
Richard
lost
all
by
delaying
,
they
resolved
to
hasten
their
Undertaking
.
The
Rum
orders
their
Friends
to
guard
them
.
The
Rump
in
the
mean
time
had
intelligence
of
the
violent
designs
of
the
Colonels
;
and
seeing
hands
were
more
necessary
than
heads
,
Moss
and
Morley's
Regiments
are
ordered
next
day
to
keep
guard
in
Westminster
.
Lambert
besets
the
Rump
.
The
same
morning
,
Lambert
with
undaunted
boldness
,
and
a
strong
body
pickt
out
of
the
Forces
that
were
best
affected
towards
him
,
hastens
into
the
old
Palace-yard
,
and
before
the
Members
were
come
,
set
Guards
upon
all
the
entries
into
the
House
.
Lambert
stops
the
Speaker
Lenthall
coming
out
of
his
Coach
,
and
attended
by
a
Troop
of
Guards
,
and
presently
changing
the
Captain
,
sends
him
back
again
into
the
City
,
And
despises
them
,
Octob.
13
more
like
a
Prisoner
than
a
Speaker
of
the
House
:
and
so
with
little
ado
he
terrified
and
dispersed
the
rest
of
the
Knaves
.
And
now
Moss
and
Morley's
Regiments
guarding
the
silent
and
empty
House
,
are
themselves
beset
by
Lambert
.
Both
Parties
looked
big
,
and
seemed
ready
to
come
to
blows
;
but
the
night
approaching
,
they
drew
off
without
bloud
:
whilst
the
Rump
and
Colonels
,
full
of
anger
and
hatred
,
mutually
reproached
each
other
,
and
justly
too
,
with
Treachery
,
Villany
,
and
Tyranny
.
The
Colonels
having
turned
out
the
Rump
,
consult
about
the
Government
.
But
the
Rump
being
now
sent
packing
,
and
the
Parliament-doors
shut
,
the
Officers
of
the
Army
became
no
less
inconstant
Masters
and
Ficklers
in
ruling
than
they
had
been
in
obeying
.
Next
morning
a
great
confluence
of
Colonels
met
in
Wallingford-house
,
to
consult
about
setling
the
Government
:
and
having
first
modelled
the
Army
,
as
being
more
considerable
than
the
Commonwealth
,
by
unanimous
consent
,
they
appoint
Fleetwood
to
be
General
,
Lambert
Lieutenant-General
,
and
Desborough
,
heretofore
a
blunt
Country-clown
,
Major-General
of
the
Horse
.
The
Supreme
Power
in
Civil
Affairs
was
committed
to
three
and
twenty
,
Vane
,
Fleetwood
,
They
appoint
a
Committee
of
Safety
.
Octob.
23.
Ludlow
,
and
the
rest
of
that
odious
Crew
,
too
long
to
be
named
;
whom
they
were
pleased
,
by
a
new
and
unheard-of
Title
,
to
call
the
Committee
of
Safety
.
Thus
having
erected
a
new
Scheme
of
Government
at
London
,
They
invite
the
Forces
of
Scotland
and
Ireland
into
their
Party
.
they
disperse
themselves
into
all
places
,
endeavouring
to
secure
themselves
by
associated
Villany
.
Barrow
they
send
to
Ireland
,
Cobbet
to
Scotland
;
allure
the
Forces
abroad
into
their
Party
;
but
all
in
vain
.
For
the
Army
in
Ireland
,
Monk
refuses
.
Octob.
28.
whilst
Ludlow
was
at
London
,
declared
for
the
Rump
Parliament
.
Monk
in
the
mean
time
writing
to
Fleetwood
and
Lambert
,
sharply
taxes
the
Army
in
England
with
Treachery
and
Ambition
of
governing
;
and
professes
also
,
that
for
the
future
he
'll
stand
by
the
Parliament
:
refuses
to
admit
of
Cobbet
as
an
Embassadour
,
but
commits
him
to
custody
as
a
Traytor
.
Monk
in
the
mean
time
,
being
as
yet
,
uncertain
what
to
do
,
had
many
anxious
thoughts
:
He
foresaw
,
indeed
,
greater
security
under
the
Rump
,
but
if
the
Army
in
England
had
the
better
on
't
,
inevitable
ruine
;
having
long
ago
had
experience
of
the
hatred
of
Lambert
and
Fleetwood
,
though
disguised
in
their
looks
:
And
besides
the
usual
competition
in
rule
,
they
were
also
looked
upon
as
men
of
different
humours
and
manners
.
Monk
was
for
a
plain
and
modest
Religion
;
but
they
turbulent
and
violent
in
their
pernicious
Heresie
.
Wherefore
seriously
weighing
with
himself
the
strength
of
the
English
Army
on
the
one
hand
,
and
on
the
other
the
weakness
of
his
own
Forces
,
the
perfidiousness
of
many
of
the
Officers
,
and
the
fickleness
of
the
Souldiers
;
he
thought
still
that
he
might
do
better
in
War
than
in
Peace
,
and
so
having
resolved
against
the
worst
,
he
hastened
his
march
into
England
.
When
he
had
consulted
about
these
things
with
his
most
intimate
Friends
at
Delkeith
,
he
goes
to
Edinborough
,
and
there
in
a
full
Council
of
Colonels
,
At
Edinburrough
Monk
harangues
the
souldiers
.
Octob.
18.
he
represents
the
new
Troubles
of
England
:
How
that
the
Parliament
was
turned
out
of
doors
by
the
Officers
in
England
,
without
any
provocation
,
but
through
levity
and
an
ambition
of
governing
:
That
the
London
-
Colonels
having
attempted
many
bad
things
,
resolved
not
onely
to
bear
rule
over
their
own
,
but
the
Forces
abroad
also
:
That
it
would
be
disgraceful
to
them
to
submit
to
the
Commands
of
another
Army
;
That
he
himself
was
a
General
neither
inferiour
to
Fleetwood
nor
Lambert
;
nor
was
the
Army
of
Scotland
,
that
had
outlived
so
many
Battels
,
less
to
be
accounted
than
that
of
England
.
That
therefore
he
was
firmly
resolved
to
march
into
England
,
to
revenge
the
Right
and
Honour
of
the
Parliament
;
that
the
Authority
might
remain
in
their
hands
who
gave
them
their
Pay
and
Rewards
.
When
with
much
authority
and
greatness
of
mind
,
which
do
better
than
eloquence
in
a
Souldier
,
he
had
spoken
to
this
purpose
,
the
Souldiers
were
inflamed
with
Zeal
and
Resolution
;
and
under
the
command
of
so
great
a
General
,
desire
the
signal
to
march
.
He
secures
the
Garrisons
of
Scotland
.
Having
now
confirmed
the
Souldiers
and
the
Garrison
of
Edinburough-Castle
,
he
put
the
command
of
Berwick
,
Leeth
,
Air
,
St.
Johnston
,
and
other
Castles
and
Citadels
,
into
the
hands
of
trusty
Officers
.
He
turned
out
,
in
the
mean
time
,
all
suspected
Sectarians
,
especially
the
Anabaptists
,
the
Plague
of
Mankind
,
whilst
many
of
his
Horse
,
addicted
to
the
errour
or
humours
of
the
English
Army
,
of
their
own
accord
desert
him
;
and
leave
the
Foot
and
the
rest
who
were
truer
to
their
Trust
.
Changes
the
Officers
,
and
prepares
for
War
.
He
remaintained
in
their
places
many
of
his
own
Officers
,
who
had
been
lately
casheered
by
the
London
Council
of
War
:
which
gained
him
their
affection
,
and
Fleetwood
and
Lambert
their
hatred
.
The
report
of
this
Storm
coming
from
the
North
,
was
quickly
brought
to
London
,
and
all
things
made
greater
,
as
it
is
usual
at
such
a
distance
,
than
really
they
were
.
This
distracted
the
Councils
of
the
Rulers
,
and
put
them
into
no
little
anxiety
:
However
,
they
arm
against
Monk
,
and
appoint
Lambert
,
elevated
by
the
overthrow
of
Booth's
Party
,
General
of
the
War
,
and
Head
of
their
Faction
,
who
was
now
to
engage
in
another
kind
of
a
War
,
and
with
anothergets
General
.
But
seeing
they
stood
much
in
awe
of
the
prouess
and
conduct
of
Monk
,
Fleetwood
&
the
Colonels
desires
a
Pacification
.
Octob.
last
.
and
had
him
in
great
admiration
,
they
thought
fit
first
to
essay
him
by
Treaty
.
Wherefore
Fleetwood
sent
unto
him
Clarges
,
nearly
allied
to
him
,
and
Colonel
Talbot
who
served
in
the
Scottish
Army
,
and
in
great
favour
with
the
General
,
to
mediate
a
Peace
and
Reconciliation
.
With
the
same
purpose
of
Pacification
,
They
sent
Commissioners
into
Scotland
.
Colonel
Goff
and
Colonel
Whaley
followed
after
,
with
Carril
and
Barker
,
the
great
Oracles
of
the
Independents
,
that
the
Artifices
of
Preachers
might
not
be
wanting
in
laying
of
Snares
.
Monk
received
them
all
civilly
.
He
had
many
secret
Conferences
with
Clarges
:
To
the
rest
he
publickly
professed
that
he
had
no
Quarrel
with
the
Colonels
commanding
in
England
,
about
Religion
:
That
his
whole
designe
was
to
revenge
the
Indignity
done
to
the
Parliament
,
Monk
admits
of
a
Pacification
.
and
to
proceed
no
farther
.
That
if
they
had
rather
take
up
the
matter
at
London
,
without
bloud
,
he
was
willing
to
allow
time
for
Conferences
.
The
Ministers
with
affected
flattery
preached
up
the
advantages
of
Peace
,
presaging
from
more
than
one
instance
,
that
the
divisions
of
fellow-Souldiers
,
would
be
pernicious
to
themselves
,
and
very
advantageous
to
the
publick
Enemy
,
intimating
the
King
:
and
indeed
their
Presage
proved
afterward
to
be
true
.
But
the
mercenary
and
canting
Tongues
of
those
preaching
Mediators
,
wrought
no
effect
upon
an
old
Souldier
,
who
was
so
well
acquainted
with
their
juggling
tricks
.
He
civilly
sends
back
these
Agents
of
Peace
with
the
same
security
as
they
came
:
Clarges
in
the
mean
time
was
before
gone
to
London
with
more
secret
Instructions
.
And
though
Monk
now
perceived
that
all
Agreement
with
the
Colonels
of
the
English
Army
would
prove
fallacious
and
unsafe
,
yet
all
things
not
being
as
yet
sufficiently
ordered
for
securing
the
more
remote
Garrisons
of
Scotland
;
he
made
his
advantage
of
what
was
cast
in
his
way
by
chance
,
and
labours
for
the
convenience
of
his
own
affairs
,
to
protract
the
time
of
Treaty
.
Monk
sends
Commissioners
to
London
.
He
therefore
dispatches
to
London
,
Wilks
,
Knight
,
and
Cloberry
,
as
Commissioners
for
the
Treaty
from
the
Army
in
Scotland
,
with
Instructions
how
to
delay
time
;
where
for
some
time
we
'll
leave
them
in
Wallingford-house
,
The
Pacificators
meet
in
Wallingford-house
.
with
more
complement
than
freedom
,
debating
with
Fleetwood's
Officers
,
though
I
am
not
apt
to
believe
that
the
desire
of
Pacification
was
sincere
on
both
sides
.
Lambert
enters
York
.
Lambert
marching
against
Monk
,
was
already
got
as
far
as
York
,
with
twelve
Regiments
of
men
;
he
was
weak
in
Foot
,
but
strong
in
Horse
.
Here
he
found
Morgan
,
Major-General
of
Monk's
Army
,
recovering
out
of
a
fit
of
the
Gout
;
a
man
that
at
that
time
was
judged
inferiour
to
none
in
Military
skill
.
Lambert
,
who
was
his
old
friend
,
and
knew
him
to
be
dear
to
Monk
,
sent
him
into
Scotland
to
promote
the
business
of
Peace
.
Sends
●organ
to
Monk
as
a
Mediator
of
Peace
.
He
having
followed
Monk
to
Edinburrough
,
in
a
military
manner
declared
his
business
,
and
what
he
was
come
about
;
but
preferring
Monk's
cause
and
honesty
,
he
took
command
under
him
,
when
because
of
the
many
Commanders
lately
turned
out
,
and
others
that
had
deserted
,
he
was
made
very
welcome
.
Monk
in
the
mean
time
having
pretty
well
composed
the
affairs
of
his
Army
,
Monk
invites
the
Nobility
of
Scotland
to
a
Council
.
Decemb.
13.
invites
the
Scottish
Nobility
to
Council
,
first
at
Edinburrough
,
and
then
at
Berwick
;
where
he
discovered
his
designes
unto
them
,
beseeching
them
,
for
the
sake
of
their
Country
and
of
himself
,
that
they
would
keep
Scotland
in
peace
,
and
raise
moneys
to
pay
the
Army
that
now
was
upon
the
march
into
England
.
The
Scottish
Nobility
very
readily
promised
him
money
,
nay
,
The
Scots
offer
assistance
.
and
to
assist
him
with
men
and
Arms
in
the
expedition
;
which
was
an
accession
to
Monk's
good
fortune
,
that
when
he
might
have
made
use
of
so
great
assistance
from
Scotland
,
he
did
not
stand
in
need
of
it
.
For
being
a
man
of
a
sharp
wit
,
Monk
considers
of
it
.
he
was
not
willing
that
Scotland
should
come
under
the
power
of
another
,
the
Inhabitans
being
armed
;
nor
,
that
they
accompanying
him
into
England
,
might
render
his
coming
ungrateful
at
home
.
Trusty
Officers
being
left
to
command
the
Garrisons
of
Scotland
,
the
Souldiers
rightly
modelled
,
The
Commissioners
signe
the
Pacification
.
Novemb.
15.
and
all
things
in
a
readiness
for
the
expedition
,
of
a
sudden
news
is
brought
to
Edinburrough
that
the
Peace
was
confirmed
;
but
upon
so
hard
and
uneasie
terms
,
that
Monk
with
anger
in
his
looks
severely
checked
the
Authors
of
the
hateful
Reconciliation
upon
their
return
;
telling
them
,
Monk
is
angry
.
That
if
the
honesty
of
some
,
certainly
the
prudence
of
all
of
them
,
was
to
be
suspected
;
and
committed
Wilks
to
prison
for
transgressing
his
Commission
.
The
truth
was
,
Monk's
Commissioners
being
by
Fleetwood's
Officers
,
with
a
shew
of
honour
,
narrowly
observed
,
and
in
a
manner
confined
,
ignorant
of
the
Stirs
abroad
,
and
imposed
upon
by
false
reports
of
the
diminution
of
Monk's
Forces
,
with
more
haste
than
judgment
,
had
clapt
up
an
unjust
Peace
.
Clarges
informs
Monk
of
the
affairs
of
London
.
In
the
mean
time
Monk
having
had
certain
intelligence
from
Clarges
,
a
faithful
man
,
that
Fleetwood
was
daily
more
and
more
despised
at
London
;
that
at
York
Lambert
's
Army
was
divided
and
full
of
Faction
:
judging
a
delay
more
convenient
for
himself
than
for
the
Enemy
,
industriously
protracted
the
Treaty
.
Whereupon
he
prorogues
the
Pacification
:
Having
therefore
sent
Letters
to
Fleetwood
,
he
acquainted
him
,
That
the
news
of
a
Pacification
was
very
acceptable
to
him
,
but
that
he
found
some
things
doubtful
in
the
Conditions
,
and
other
matters
not
rightly
transacted
by
his
Commissioners
;
that
therefore
that
the
agreement
might
be
more
solid
(
all
Officers
being
removed
)
he
desires
the
number
of
Commissioners
to
be
increased
,
And
demands
a
new
place
of
Treaty
.
and
Newcastle
as
a
more
proper
place
for
their
meeting
.
Fleetwood
&
Lambert
condescend
.
Fleetwood
condescended
more
out
of
fear
than
choice
:
but
Lambert
,
whose
whole
ability
consisted
in
charging
an
Enemy
,
rashly
and
fatally
deluded
to
his
own
ruine
,
accepted
also
of
the
delays
of
Treaty
.
Lambert
posses
himself
of
Newcastle
.
Monk
goes
to
Caldstream
,
Octob.
8.
Lambert
in
the
mean
time
moving
from
York
,
came
to
Newcastle
;
and
Monk
leaving
Berwick
,
marched
along
the
borders
of
Scotland
,
and
pitched
at
Caldstream
,
an
inconsiderable
Village
upon
the
River
of
Tweed
,
but
now
famous
by
the
Pavillion
of
so
great
a
General
.
It
was
for
some
time
the
Capital
of
the
Affairs
of
Britain
,
and
had
the
splendour
of
a
City
:
For
,
—
Veios
habitante
Camillo
,
Illic
Roma
fuit
—
Veii
was
Rome
,
if
there
Camillus
lived
.
The
season
was
very
sharp
,
the
ground
being
covered
with
Snow
,
and
Lambert's
Souldiers
wanting
provisions
and
money
,
were
forced
to
live
upon
what
they
plundered
from
the
Villages
and
Country
about
,
the
want
of
Pay
being
some
excuse
for
that
licentiousness
.
Monk's
Forces
,
in
the
mean
time
being
provided
of
all
necessaries
,
kept
themselves
secure
within
their
Camp
.
Monk's
Army
,
The
number
of
Monk's
Army
.
more
considerable
for
valour
than
number
,
consisted
onely
of
four
Regiments
of
Horse
,
commanded
by
Johnston
,
Morgan
,
Knight
,
and
Cloberry
,
brave
men
,
and
Commanders
consummated
in
War
:
and
of
six
Regiments
of
Foot
,
under
the
command
of
Major-General
Morgan
,
another
Morgan
,
Fairfax
,
Rhede
,
Lidcott
,
and
Hublethorn
.
Price
and
Gomble
were
the
Chaplains
,
Clark
Secretary
,
and
Barrow
Physician
to
the
General
.
Whilst
matters
were
in
this
state
in
the
Camps
at
a
distance
,
London
was
divided
by
Factions
.
Tumults
in
the
mean
while
in
London
.
On
the
one
hand
the
Republican
Sectarians
whose
hopes
were
founded
on
mischief
,
stood
for
the
Rump-Parliament
;
on
the
other
,
the
Souldiers
in
the
City
were
for
Fleetwood
and
the
Committee
of
Safety
:
but
juster
Grievances
were
to
be
heard
amongst
the
frequent
sighs
of
the
good
Citizens
.
That
the
Rump-Parliament
made
up
of
most
profligate
wretches
,
was
in
vain
turned
out
,
And
Grievances
.
if
the
Government
must
remain
in
the
hands
of
the
Commitee
of
Safety
,
a
new
name
for
old
Rogues
;
and
the
Cromwels
had
fallen
in
vain
,
if
Fleetwood
and
Lambert
must
be
raised
to
Supreme
Authority
.
Though
the
soft
temper
of
the
one
was
less
feared
,
than
the
imperious
ambition
of
the
other
.
And
some
there
were
that
at
a
distance
wished
well
to
Monk
,
and
looked
upon
him
as
a
fitter
Restorer
of
their
Liberty
;
who
taking
boldness
from
despair
,
spared
not
to
say
,
That
the
Commonwealth
was
almost
undone
,
whilst
sacrilegious
Robbers
contend
about
the
Government
;
that
England
was
never
in
so
great
distress
,
nor
reduced
to
such
extremity
;
that
having
suffered
the
greatest
evils
,
nothing
worse
could
befal
them
.
And
so
with
bitter
Invectives
they
reckon
up
the
Imprisonments
,
Sequestrations
,
continual
Taxes
,
and
the
other
severities
they
had
been
obnoxious
to
.
That
they
had
long
enough
born
the
burden
of
the
accursed
Parliament
,
and
groaned
under
the
Yoke
of
an
enraged
Enemy
:
That
the
Power
of
both
was
abominable
,
and
their
Bondage
grievous
:
That
wicked
Parricides
laughed
at
their
Miseries
,
whilst
they
falsly
call
Slavery
,
Peace
;
Cruelty
and
Slaughter
,
Discipline
:
That
since
whether
they
be
overcome
or
do
submit
,
they
must
perish
;
how
much
more
honourably
would
they
perish
in
the
embraces
of
their
Liberty
and
Country
?
That
slavery
is
less
ignominious
to
those
who
attempt
their
freedom
,
and
that
they
had
already
sinned
enough
through
cowardise
:
That
they
should
shake
off
the
Yoke
of
the
Jangling
Traytors
,
and
put
an
end
to
so
many
years
bondage
:
That
the
rash
attempts
of
the
daring
have
often
been
favoured
by
fortune
:
That
secret
hopes
in
Monk
,
wealth
in
the
City
,
the
fortune
of
London
,
and
God
their
Protector
,
were
still
in
being
:
That
it
would
be
glorious
to
themselves
and
Posterity
,
to
have
expiated
the
civil
Troubles
wantonly
begun
by
their
Ancestors
,
and
the
Royal
Bloud
of
Charles
the
Martyr
,
by
restoring
his
Son
with
no
other
helps
than
the
Loyalty
of
his
own
Subjects
.
Amidst
these
discontented
Speeches
and
City-tumults
,
The
tumult
of
the
London-Prentices
.
a
vast
croud
of
Prentices
and
Serving-men
got
together
:
a
bold
sort
of
men
,
accustomed
to
an
insolent
kind
of
City-liberty
,
who
tired
out
by
long
slavery
,
with
a
licentious
freedom
,
run
about
in
all
places
in
a
tumultuary
and
confused
manner
,
demanding
a
new
and
full
Parliament
,
as
the
onely
Remedy
to
their
Evils
.
But
Colonel
Hewson
,
formerly
a
Cobler
,
Is
suppressed
by
Hewson
.
Decemb.
3.
being
by
Fleetwood
sent
into
the
City
with
a
Party
of
brisk
Souldiers
,
in
a
moment
suppressed
the
defenceless
anger
of
the
Rabble
,
and
the
headless
Multitude
,
and
used
many
severities
against
the
Citizens
.
The
Grievances
of
the
City
increasing
daily
,
The
Garrison
of
Portsmouth
rises
for
the
Rump
.
Wetham
Governour
of
Portsmouth
admitted
into
the
place
three
Members
of
the
late
excluded
Rump
,
and
Colonels
in
the
Army
,
to
wit
,
Hazelrigg
,
Walton
,
and
Morley
:
against
whom
Fleetwood
having
sent
Forces
,
they
despairing
of
the
strength
of
their
Friends
,
and
having
neither
money
nor
credit
,
revolted
to
the
Enemy
.
Nor
was
this
all
the
misfortune
that
befel
Fleetwood
and
the
Committee
of
Safety
:
The
Navy
endeavours
the
same
.
for
Vice-Admiral
Lawson
with
a
Fleet
of
Ships
true
to
the
Cause
,
stopt
the
mouth
of
the
River
of
Thames
,
threatning
to
suffer
none
to
escape
by
Sea
,
if
they
did
not
again
restore
the
Rump
to
the
power
of
Government
.
All
things
everywhere
growing
worse
and
worse
,
Fleetwood
yields
to
the
Rump
.
the
Committee
of
Safety
was
startled
;
and
Fleetwood
unfit
for
adversity
,
who
never
could
bear
prosperity
,
and
growing
daily
more
contemptible
and
cheap
,
neither
constant
in
his
Resolution
,
nor
resolute
in
his
Treachery
;
having
sent
a
fawning
Messenger
to
Lenthal
the
Speaker
,
he
prays
and
beseeches
,
more
slavishly
than
became
a
General
,
that
the
Members
being
forthwith
called
together
,
they
would
take
upon
them
the
Government
,
and
receive
them
into
favour
who
confessed
their
errour
.
And
indeed
many
of
the
Committee
of
Safety
,
The
Committee
of
Safety
wavers
.
though
they
were
very
desirous
of
retaining
their
Power
,
yet
consulted
about
the
restoring
of
the
Rump
,
knowing
very
well
that
their
Government
would
not
be
long
,
if
Lambert
returned
victorious
from
the
North.
Fleetwood's
souldiers
make
defection
to
the
Rump
.
And
now
General
Fleetwood's
Regiments
selling
their
souls
and
bloud
for
Eight
pence
a
day
,
under
Colonels
of
the
Democratical
Faction
,
return
under
the
power
of
the
Rump
,
forgetting
their
yesterdays-Commander
,
who
carried
the
empty
Title
of
General
.
Nor
was
there
any
publick
Commodity
so
saleable
as
the
Treachery
of
the
Souldiers
.
The
Committee
of
Safety
is
dissolved
.
This
was
the
Exit
of
the
two
months-whirlegig
of
Government
;
the
very
names
of
Fleetwood
and
Lambert
grew
contemptible
,
and
Safety
forsook
the
Committee
.
So
soon
as
Monk
understood
that
the
Fleet
were
for
the
Rump
,
and
that
the
Garrison
of
Portsmouth
was
of
the
same
mind
,
having
speedily
recalled
his
Commissioners
,
he
broke
off
the
Conference
and
Overture
of
Peace
with
Lambert
.
In
the
mean
time
he
wrote
to
him
,
Monk
breaks
off
the
Conference
of
Pacification
.
That
since
he
understood
that
the
Parliament
by
their
own
authority
had
chosen
Portsmouth
for
their
Session
,
he
thought
it
not
consonant
to
his
trust
and
modesty
,
by
private
Debates
to
constitute
a
private
Commonwealth
;
but
rather
setting
aside
the
Quarrels
of
the
two
Armies
,
to
refer
the
administration
of
publick
Affairs
to
their
prudence
and
care
.
The
Rump
restored
to
the
Government
.
Decemb.
6.
The
Reverend
Rump
now
strikes
in
again
,
in
the
last
year
of
their
government
,
and
probably
the
best
for
the
Publick
;
though
reinstated
more
by
the
beggary
than
the
good
will
of
the
Souldiers
.
And
this
was
the
reason
that
their
chief
care
was
for
money
,
and
that
the
Souldiers
might
be
paid
by
the
spoils
of
the
State
.
Recals
Lambert's
Army
.
Lambert's
forces
are
imperiously
commanded
back
to
their
Garrisons
,
and
forthwith
to
leave
the
Field
,
upon
pain
of
disobeying
the
Supreme
Power
,
and
forfeiting
their
Duty
.
And
at
the
same
time
news
was
brought
to
Monk's
Camp
,
that
the
Committee
of
Safety
was
broken
,
and
the
Rump
again
in
power
.
What
could
Lambert
now
between
hawk
and
buzzard
do
?
he
was
forsaken
by
Fortune
,
deluded
by
Fleetwood's
confidence
,
over-reached
by
Monk
under
a
colour
of
Peace
,
and
despised
by
the
Rump
.
Should
he
return
to
London
,
it
was
a
long
and
difficult
march
;
and
perhaps
as
late
for
the
succour
of
his
friends
as
dangerous
to
himself
,
having
such
an
Enemy
in
the
rear
.
Should
he
engage
Monk
in
a
Country
improper
for
Horse
,
the
ground
being
covered
over
with
Ice
and
Snow
,
it
would
be
very
uncertain
,
if
not
in
vain
,
since
in
the
dead
of
Winter
his
Horse
could
do
no
feats
:
What
to
do
he
could
not
tell
.
Nor
were
Lambert's
men
truer
to
their
Trust
than
Fleetwood's
had
been
at
London
:
The
treachery
of
Lambert's
men
towards
him
.
for
so
soon
as
they
heard
of
the
defection
of
the
London-Regiments
,
basely
,
without
consulting
their
General
,
nay
,
and
slighting
his
authority
,
they
submit
to
the
Rump
.
Few
now
were
to
be
seen
at
Lambert's
door
,
and
fewer
within
;
nothing
but
silence
,
and
seldom
any
Guards
:
He
was
no
more
General
nor
cause
of
the
War
;
but
where
he
hoped
for
Laurel
and
Triumph
,
he
was
fain
to
search
a
hiding
place
:
so
that
without
any
attendance
,
he
speedily
and
secretly
betook
himself
to
London
.
So
fallacious
and
uncertain
a
thing
is
Power
,
when
it
is
too
great
.
A
certain
kind
of
Triumviral
Power
now
exerted
it self
in
Britain
under
Monk
,
Fleetwood
,
and
Lambert
,
not
much
unlike
to
that
Roman
Triumvirat
of
Caesar
,
Pompey
,
and
Crassus
.
With
almost
the
same
gallantry
Monk
behaved
himself
in
Scotland
,
as
Caesar
heretofore
governed
in
Gallia
;
but
out
of
their
Governments
Monk
out-did
Caesar
:
for
the
Roman
being
come
into
the
City
,
offered
violence
to
the
Senate
,
and
unjustly
usurped
the
Dictatorship
.
The
other
entering
London
,
under
colour
of
restoring
the
Parliament
,
by
a
rare
instance
of
Loyalty
and
Modesty
,
restored
the
King
.
Nor
were
the
emulous
and
competing
Crassus
and
Pompey
more
sollicitous
in
drawing
in
Caesar
,
than
Fleetwood
and
Lambert
were
in
endeavouring
to
associate
Monk
into
the
Government
:
for
though
they
contributed
their
mutual
assistance
in
overturning
the
Rump-Parliament
,
yet
it
is
certain
,
they
hardly
conspired
in
any
thing
,
but
in
the
fear
that
both
of
them
had
of
Monk
.
Fleetwood
was
jealous
of
Lambert's
ambition
;
and
Lambert
could
not
brook
Fleetwood's
authority
:
the
one
could
not
admit
of
an
Equal
,
nor
the
other
of
a
Superiour
.
Monk
therefore
was
courted
by
Letters
from
both
,
as
having
it
in
his
power
to
give
the
Government
to
what
Party
he
pleased
.
Nor
could
Fleetwood
have
expected
better
Conditions
from
Lambert
,
had
he
prevailed
against
Monk
;
which
those
who
favoured
Fleetwood
in
his
Army
perceiving
,
avoiding
all
opportunity
of
fighting
with
Monk
,
lest
Lambert
,
perchance
,
getting
the
victory
,
might
turn
out
his
Rival
Fleetwood
.
Lambert
can
hardly
be
compared
to
Pompey
,
unless
it
be
in
boundless
ambition
,
and
the
unhappy
issue
thereof
;
and
Fleetwood
not
at
all
to
Crassus
.
But
without
doubt
it
was
the
interest
of
the
Publick
that
both
were
undone
,
seeing
Monk
getting
the
better
,
restored
at
length
Britain
to
it self
.
Lambert's
Forces
in
all
places
having
either
run
away
or
submitted
,
Monk
divides
his
Army
,
1659
,
60.
Monk
marches
into
England
,
January
1.
1659
,
60.
and
under
his
own
and
Morgan's
conduct
,
marches
streight
to
London
;
a
march
that
will
be
famous
in
all
future
Ages
,
and
memorable
to
Posterity
.
On
New-years-day
,
having
sent
before
the
Foot
,
he
moved
from
Caldstream
,
and
the
day
after
he
himself
followed
with
the
Horse
,
and
took
his
Quarters
at
Wellar
:
the
next
day
,
At
Morpet
he
receives
Letters
from
the
Mayor
of
London
.
when
he
was
come
to
Morpet
,
he
received
Letters
from
the
Lord
Mayor
and
Court
of
Aldermen
of
London
,
sent
by
the
City
-
Sword-bearer
,
wherein
they
earnestly
entreat
him
,
That
according
to
the
great
Trust
and
Power
he
had
,
having
now
found
an
occasion
,
than
which
,
Providence
had
never
offered
a
greater
,
he
would
relieve
the
distressed
State
,
and
call
a
new
and
full
Parliament
,
as
the
onely
support
of
their
tottering
Country
;
freely
offering
him
the
assistance
and
concurrence
of
the
City
in
the
affair
.
And
now
on
the
fourth
of
January
,
He
comes
to
Newcastle
,
Jan.
4.
Monk
having
marched
his
Army
over
desert
Mountains
in
deep
Winter-Snow
,
arrived
at
Newcastle
,
and
the
day
following
sets
forward
to
Durham
;
Jan.
5.
from
thence
directing
his
march
to
York
;
near
Allerton
he
was
honourably
received
by
the
Sheriff
of
the
County
.
Being
next
day
come
to
York
,
He
enters
York
.
he
was
met
by
a
multitude
of
Citizens
and
Persons
of
Quality
,
and
by
them
splendidly
conducted
into
the
City
.
Having
performed
so
great
a
march
in
so
short
a
time
,
he
rested
here
five
days
,
either
that
he
might
let
the
news
of
his
coming
flie
before
him
to
London
,
or
that
having
allowed
some
time
,
he
might
by
his
Agents
,
of
whom
he
had
a
great
many
in
the
City
,
be
early
informed
of
the
Councils
of
the
Rump
,
and
inclinations
of
the
Citizens
.
Here
Monk
met
with
Fairfax
,
a
famous
Souldier
,
and
his
old
Companion
in
the
Wars
;
who
now
following
his
own
humour
,
Monk
meets
with
Fairfax
at
York
.
had
risen
in
Arms
against
Lambert
,
and
was
with
no
contemptible
Forces
,
but
far
greater
reputation
,
come
over
to
the
right
side
,
being
now
with
more
honour
an
Enemy
,
than
he
had
heretofore
been
General
of
the
same
Army
.
He
sends
part
of
his
Army
under
Morgan
back
into
Scotland
.
During
this
stay
at
York
,
Monk
received
into
his
service
some
Regiments
of
Lambert's
Army
,
having
changed
the
Colonels
and
Officers
;
and
no
Enemy
now
appearing
anywhere
,
he
mustered
his
Army
,
and
sent
back
part
of
it
under
the
command
of
Morgan
into
Scotland
.
He
himself
,
with
four
thousand
Foot
,
and
eighteen
hundred
Horse
,
marches
forwards
towards
London
.
Such
was
the
Army
of
Monk
,
the
least
and
yet
most
renowned
body
of
men
that
ever
marched
through
England
,
which
being
hardly
a
third
part
in
number
to
the
enemy
,
buoyed
up
the
fate
of
tottering
Britain
,
and
the
fortune
of
Charles
the
Second
.
Monk
meets
Clarges
at
Nottingham
.
Jan.
19.
The
Army
marching
from
hence
,
and
being
come
to
Nottingham
,
he
was
met
by
Clarges
,
who
came
post
from
London
,
a
man
deservedly
of
great
interest
and
authority
with
him
.
He
secretly
informed
him
of
the
designes
of
the
Rump
,
the
strength
of
the
City-Forces
,
the
suspicions
and
jealousies
of
the
Sectarians
,
and
that
the
hopes
of
the
Citizens
depended
wholly
on
him
.
The
Commissioners
of
the
Rump
meet
Monk
at
Leicester
.
Jan.
22.
Upon
his
march
he
was
met
at
Leicester
,
and
congratulated
by
Scot
and
Robinson
,
Commissioners
from
the
Rump
,
upon
pretext
of
doing
honour
to
the
General
,
and
civilly
waiting
upon
him
in
his
march
;
but
in
reality
as
Spies
to
dive
into
his
secrets
,
and
diligently
to
observe
his
words
and
actions
.
Nor
was
Monk
less
circumspect
,
but
being
a
great
concealer
of
his
thoughts
,
and
sparing
in
words
,
accommodating
all
his
discourse
to
occasion
,
and
shewing
the
Commissioners
all
imaginable
respect
in
the
Army
,
he
confirmed
them
in
the
opinion
of
his
sincerity
.
In
this
long
and
triumphant
march
,
The
people
everywhere
petition
Monk
for
a
new
Parliament
.
he
advanced
amidst
the
Applause
and
Congratulation
of
all
men
,
and
everywhere
was
met
by
the
people
,
who
,
to
the
grief
of
the
Commissioners
,
petitioned
him
for
a
full
and
free
Parliament
,
as
the
onely
Remedy
to
their
Evils
.
The
same
the
Commissioners
from
the
City
of
London
desired
,
upon
their
meeting
the
General
at
Harborough
.
At
Northampton
he
met
with
the
like
.
And
most
part
of
the
neighbouring
and
more
remote
Counties
of
England
,
sent
him
Deputies
and
Petitions
to
the
same
effect
:
all
which
,
Monk
that
kept
his
own
counsel
,
civilly
received
,
but
cautiously
answered
.
Now
was
Monk
arrived
at
St.
Albans
,
From
St.
Albans
he
sends
to
the
Rump
,
Jan.
28.
within
twenty
miles
of
London
,
wholly
intent
upon
his
entering
the
City
.
Therefore
by
Colonel
Lidcolt
he
prudently
wrote
to
the
Rump
to
acquaint
them
with
his
approach
;
And
that
seeing
he
had
brought
with
him
an
Army
true
to
the
Parliament
,
and
most
observant
of
Discipline
,
he
intimated
to
them
,
that
it
would
be
unsafe
to
mingle
his
honest
and
faithful
Souldiers
with
the
treacherous
Forces
in
London
,
Desiring
Fleetwood's
Forces
to
be
sent
out
of
Town
.
who
were
so
lately
endeavouring
changes
,
and
their
fierceness
not
as
yet
wholly
laid
aside
:
that
therefore
for
the
safety
of
the
Parliament
,
he
earnestly
intreats
them
,
that
sending
forthwith
Fleetwood
's
Forces
out
of
Town
,
they
would
order
them
Quarters
to
be
appointed
by
the
Quarter-Master-General
.
This
was
the
reason
alleadged
in
publick
,
but
in
secret
there
was
another
.
The
Rump
consented
to
Monk's
desire
,
The
Rump
consented
.
whether
cordially
,
or
rather
out
of
fear
,
I
shall
not
determine
.
And
therefore
Fleetwood's
men
are
ordered
to
leave
the
City
,
and
to
go
and
quarter
in
the
Country
at
a
distance
.
Fleetwood's
men
march
angrily
out
.
Feb.
2.
But
the
Pretorian
Bands
being
long
pampered
in
London
,
angrily
,
and
with
a
threatning
carriage
,
left
the
City
;
rage
being
mingled
with
their
obedience
,
and
the
hatred
of
the
Parties
still
remaining
after
the
War
.
Monk
enters
London
.
Monk
in
the
mean
time
came
from
St.
Albans
to
Barnet
,
and
the
day
following
being
the
third
of
February
,
marched
into
London
in
order
.
He
himself
in
military
pomp
lead
the
Horse
through
the
streets
of
London
,
and
,
not
without
a
presage
,
took
his
Lodgings
in
Whitehall
.
The
Parliament
had
been
so
often
garbl'd
and
curtail'd
,
that
it
was
then
by
the
People
in
derision
called
the
Rump
:
But
these
Senatorian
Conspirators
,
the
shame
and
scorn
of
all
honest
men
,
being
of
insolent
tempers
,
and
now
the
third
time
got
into
power
,
blown
up
with
prosperity
,
began
more
and
more
daily
to
insult
over
the
Publick
;
and
being
in
fear
on
both
hands
,
from
their
friends
as
well
as
foes
;
and
knowing
that
their
strength
consisted
more
in
Fame
than
in
Force
,
they
resolved
to
establish
their
Tyranny
by
a
new
Oath
,
The
Rump
by
Oath
abjures
Monarchy
.
and
that
the
desperation
of
all
Pardon
might
adde
strength
to
this
Bond
of
Iniquity
,
to
compel
the
People
to
swear
not
onely
,
that
they
should
bear
Faith
and
true
Allegiance
to
the
Commonwealth
of
England
,
and
the
present
Parliament
;
but
that
they
should
also
renounce
and
abjure
all
Allegiance
to
Charles
the
Second
,
and
the
whole
Royal
Family
:
Which
was
the
last
effort
of
their
expiring
Fortune
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Rumpers
,
being
themselves
employed
in
perpetrating
the
highest
Crimes
,
let
those
of
Booth's
Party
,
and
of
the
revolting
Regiments
,
pass
unpunished
,
as
below
their
notice
.
And
now
the
Council
of
State
,
consisting
of
the
most
villanous
Republicans
,
The
Council
of
State
offers
Monk
the
Oath
.
He
delays
.
He
goes
to
the
Rump
.
Feb.
6.
renders
the
Oath
to
Monk
;
which
he
,
as
taking
time
rather
to
consider
than
refusing
it
,
prudently
avoided
.
The
third
day
after
Monk
had
entred
the
City
,
being
attended
by
Scot
and
Robinson
,
he
went
to
the
House
,
where
the
Speaker
Lenthall
,
a
mighty
man
at
words
,
and
nothing
else
,
having
commended
his
fidelity
and
good
services
rendred
to
the
Parliament
,
in
restoring
them
by
his
Arms
to
their
Authority
,
gave
him
the
publick
Thanks
of
the
House
.
And
now
what
Speech
he
again
made
to
the
Rump
,
I
shall
in
his
own
words
relate
.
Mr.
Speaker
,
AMongst
the
many
Mercies
of
God
to
these
poor
Nations
,
your
peaceable
Restitution
is
not
the
least
;
it
is
(
as
you
sad
)
his
work
alone
,
and
to
him
belongs
the
glory
of
it
.
And
I
esteem
it
as
a
great
effect
of
his
goodness
to
me
,
that
he
was
pleased
to
make
me
,
amongst
many
worthier
in
your
service
,
some
way
instrumental
in
it
.
I
did
nothing
but
my
duty
,
and
deserve
not
to
receive
so
great
an
honour
and
respect
as
you
are
pleased
to
give
me
at
this
time
and
place
;
which
I
shall
ever
acknowledge
as
a
high
mark
of
your
favour
to
me
.
Sir
,
I
shall
not
now
trouble
you
with
large
Narratives
;
onely
give
me
leave
to
acquaint
you
,
That
as
I
marched
out
of
Scotland
hither
,
I
observed
the
People
in
most
Counties
in
great
and
earnest
expectations
of
a
Settlement
;
and
several
Applications
were
made
to
me
,
with
numerous
Subscriptions
to
them
.
The
chiefest
heads
of
their
Desires
were
,
for
a
free
and
full
Parliament
,
and
that
you
would
determine
your
sitting
;
a
Gospel-Ministry
;
encouragement
of
Learning
and
Vniversities
;
and
for
admittance
of
the
Members
secluded
before
the
year
1648.
without
any
previous
Oath
or
Engagement
.
To
which
I
commonly
answered
,
That
you
are
now
in
a
free
Parliament
;
and
if
there
be
any
force
remaining
upon
you
,
I
would
endeavour
to
remove
it
;
and
that
you
had
voted
to
fill
up
your
House
,
and
then
you
would
be
a
full
Parliament
also
;
and
that
you
had
already
determined
your
sitting
:
and
for
the
Ministry
,
their
maintenance
,
the
Laws
,
and
Vniversities
,
you
had
largely
declared
concerning
them
in
your
last
Declaration
;
and
I
was
confident
you
would
adhere
to
it
.
But
as
for
those
Gentlemen
secluded
in
the
year
1648.
I
told
them
,
you
had
given
judgment
in
it
,
and
all
people
ought
to
acquiesce
in
that
judgment
;
but
to
admit
any
Members
to
sit
in
Parliament
without
a
previous
Oath
or
Engagement
to
serve
the
Government
in
being
,
it
was
never
done
in
England
.
But
although
I
said
it
not
to
them
,
I
must
say
(
with
pardon
)
to
you
,
That
the
less
Oaths
and
Engagements
are
imposed
(
with
respect
had
to
the
security
of
the
common
Cause
)
your
settlement
will
be
the
sooner
attained
to
.
I
am
the
more
particular
in
these
matters
,
to
let
you
see
how
grateful
your
present
Consultations
about
these
matters
will
be
to
the
people
.
I
know
all
the
sober
Gentry
will
close
with
you
,
if
they
may
be
tenderly
and
gently
used
;
and
I
am
sure
you
will
so
use
them
,
as
knowing
it
to
be
the
common
concern
,
to
accomplish
and
not
lessen
our
interest
;
and
to
be
careful
that
neither
the
Cavalier
nor
the
Fanatick
Party
have
yet
a
share
in
your
Civil
or
Military
Power
;
of
the
last
,
whose
impatience
to
Government
you
have
lately
had
so
severe
experience
of
.
I
should
say
something
of
Ireland
and
Scotland
:
indeed
Ireland
is
in
an
ill
settled
condition
,
and
made
worse
by
your
interruptions
,
which
prevented
the
passing
an
Act
for
the
settlement
of
the
Estates
of
Adventurers
and
Souldiers
there
,
which
I
heard
you
intended
to
have
done
in
a
few
days
;
and
I
presume
it
will
be
now
quickly
done
,
being
so
necessary
at
this
time
,
when
the
wants
of
the
Commonwealth
call
for
supplies
:
and
people
will
unwillingly
pay
Taxes
for
those
Estates
,
of
which
they
have
no
legal
assurance
.
I
need
not
tell
you
how
much
you
were
abused
in
the
nomination
of
the
Officers
of
your
Armies
there
;
their
malice
that
deceived
you
hath
been
sufficiently
manifested
.
I
do
affirm
,
that
those
now
who
have
declared
for
you
,
will
continue
faithful
;
and
thereby
convince
,
that
as
well
there
as
here
,
it
is
the
sober
interest
must
establish
Dominion
.
As
for
Scotland
,
the
People
of
that
Nation
deserve
to
be
cherished
much
;
and
I
believe
your
late
Declaration
will
much
glad
their
spirits
:
for
nothing
was
more
dreadful
to
them
,
than
a
fear
to
be
over-run
with
Fanatick
Notions
.
I
humbly
recommend
them
to
your
affection
and
esteem
,
and
desire
the
intended
Vnion
may
be
prosecuted
,
and
their
Taxes
made
proportionably
to
those
in
England
;
for
which
I
am
engaged
in
promise
to
become
a
Suiter
to
you
.
And
truly
,
Sir
,
I
must
ask
leave
to
entreat
you
to
make
a
speedy
provision
for
their
Civil
Government
there
,
of
which
they
have
been
destitute
near
a
year
,
to
the
ruine
of
many
Families
:
and
except
Commissioners
for
managing
of
the
Government
,
and
Judges
to
sit
in
Courts
of
Judicature
,
be
speedily
appointed
,
that
Country
will
be
very
miserable
.
I
directed
Mr.
Gumble
(
whom
I
lately
sent
to
you
,
to
give
you
an
account
of
the
affairs
of
the
Scottish
Army
,
and
to
make
certain
Proposals
in
their
names
)
to
present
some
persons
to
you
,
both
for
Commissioners
and
Judges
,
which
he
did
;
but
by
reason
of
your
great
affairs
,
they
were
not
dispatched
:
but
I
humbly
now
offer
them
to
your
consideration
.
If
what
the
General
spake
was
unpremeditated
,
Monk's
Speech
suspected
by
the
Members
.
certainly
it
was
well
his
upon
:
but
how
the
Rump
were
satisfied
with
his
Speech
,
the
sequel
will
make
it
appear
.
Besides
,
his
declining
to
take
the
Oath
of
Abjuration
the
day
before
,
the
freedom
of
his
speech
mightily
netled
the
Rump-Abjurors
,
who
looked
upon
him
as
a
Dictator
rather
than
an
Orator
,
commanding
rather
than
petitioning
;
and
who
had
seemed
as
much
dissatisfied
with
the
treachery
of
Fanaticks
,
as
the
contumacy
of
the
Cavaliers
.
The
Abjurors
in
the
mean
time
,
those
Piles
in
the
Rump
,
who
had
the
sole
power
in
carrying
of
things
,
began
to
have
jealousies
of
the
sincerity
of
Monk's
intentions
,
and
of
the
extraordinary
affection
of
the
people
towards
him
;
and
having
found
an
opportunity
,
they
delayed
no
longer
to
make
a
tryal
of
his
thoughts
and
hidden
designes
.
The
Londoners
refuse
to
pay
Taxes
.
The
Government
of
this
Rump-Parliament
was
grown
so
contemptible
and
loathsome
to
the
Londoners
,
that
an
Order
past
in
Common
Council
,
That
unless
they
had
a
free
and
full
Parliament
,
they
would
not
pay
one
farthing
of
Taxes
:
which
so
startled
and
incensed
the
guilty
and
timerous
minds
of
the
Members
,
that
Monk
hath
forthwith
severe
orders
to
march
into
the
City
,
Monk
is
sent
into
the
City
in
Arms.
Feb.
9.
commit
twelve
of
the
more
sawcy
Citizens
to
the
Tower
of
London
,
and
by
pulling
down
the
City-Posts
and
Chains
,
Gates
and
Portcullices
,
in
a
military
manner
quell
the
boldness
of
the
People
:
which
if
he
did
,
then
the
disgrace
and
hatred
would
equally
fall
upon
all
;
and
that
by
that
means
they
would
prove
Monk's
friendship
,
as
if
he
refused
,
they
might
conclude
him
an
Enemy
.
To
which
he
offers
violence
Though
Monk
abhorred
those
cruel
Orders
of
these
Rulers
,
yet
he
marched
into
the
City
with
armed
Forces
,
and
contrary
to
his
own
inclination
,
puts
in
execution
the
hateful
Orders
of
the
Rump
.
This
unexpected
Aggression
of
Monk
astonished
the
City
,
and
the
People
were
in
consternation
at
it
,
appearing
first
by
a
profound
silence
,
then
secret
murmurings
,
and
amazed
looks
;
but
there
was
more
sadness
than
fury
in
the
case
,
and
the
Town
seemed
rather
surrendred
than
stormed
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Souldiers
had
the
chief
command
,
slighting
the
Authority
of
the
Mayor
,
and
Dignity
of
the
City
.
—
Et
nullos
Comitatu
est
Purpura
fasces
.
—
And
no
Scarlet
nor
Gold-Chain
appeared
.
Now
did
the
Londoners
bewail
their
own
credulity
,
and
the
false
hopes
they
had
conceived
of
Monk
;
and
desparing
of
humane
assistance
,
they
directed
their
eyes
to
Heaven
,
presaging
no
less
than
a
perpetual
Bondage
to
the
City
.
This
odious
obedience
performed
by
Monk
to
the
Rump
,
put
the
Spectators
to
a
plunge
,
The
action
of
Monk
is
variously
interpreted
.
and
suffered
various
interpretations
.
But
for
what
he
so
far
hazarded
his
own
Reputation
in
obeying
the
Rumpers
after
this
manner
,
or
why
,
by
so
sudden
a
change
of
counsel
and
conduct
,
he
endeavoured
to
regain
their
favour
again
,
I
shall
not
venture
to
determine
.
The
truth
is
,
And
is
presently
displeased
with
himself
for
it
.
being
either
conscious
to
himself
of
the
injury
and
affront
done
to
the
City
,
or
having
too
much
experienced
the
Arts
and
Treachery
of
the
Rump
,
and
being
no
less
prevailed
upon
by
the
Prayers
of
his
Friends
,
and
the
Complaints
of
all
,
he
was
sensible
that
his
too
great
compliance
with
the
Rumpers
reflected
upon
his
own
Honour
,
and
that
the
Indignity
offered
to
the
City
,
had
raised
him
too
much
Envy
.
The
same
night
being
come
back
to
Whitehall
,
and
casting
about
what
was
to
be
done
in
this
ticklish
state
of
affairs
,
he
called
to
Council
privately
some
of
the
Officers
who
were
his
greatest
Confidents
,
and
privy
to
his
secret
designes
,
and
having
formed
a
Letter
,
He
sends
an
angry
Letter
to
the
Rump
.
Feb.
11.
he
therein
angrily
complaining
of
several
things
to
the
Rump
,
as
,
That
his
services
done
to
the
House
were
slighted
,
whilst
the
late
Traytors
,
who
were
not
much
less
Enemies
to
them
than
to
the
Commonwealth
,
had
with
them
now
much
more
credit
and
esteem
than
he
.
From
whence
else
proceed
your
new
kindness
to
Lambert
and
Vane
?
and
your
new
offences
against
me
?
If
the
perfidy
of
the
Fanaticks
had
still
displeased
you
,
why
did
you
with
so
much
respect
receive
yesterday
that
Leering
Heretick
Barebones
?
and
the
insolent
Rabble
of
Sectarians
,
which
lewdly
in
his
company
approached
you
with
a
dishonest
Petition
?
This
kindness
of
the
House
shewn
to
a
Rabble
of
Hereticks
,
is
not
simple
(
sincere
)
.
It
is
the
common
desire
of
the
whole
Commonwealth
,
the
general
request
of
the
People
,
Citizens
,
Souldiers
,
of
every
one
,
and
all
,
That
the
number
of
the
Members
being
fill'd
up
within
a
week
,
and
then
your
sitting
determined
,
you
should
give
place
to
a
new
Parliament
.
These
Letters
he
sent
the
next
morning
by
Lidcot
and
Clobery
,
two
Colonels
to
the
House
.
Monk
returns
into
the
City
.
Feb.
12.
In
the
mean
time
he
himself
hastens
into
the
City
,
that
he
might
make
amends
for
his
fault
,
and
wipe
off
the
infamy
of
the
foregoing
day
.
Having
sent
a
Messenger
before
to
acquaint
the
Lord
Mayor
with
his
coming
,
and
mustered
his
Army
in
Finsbury-fields
,
he
is
entertained
at
a
splendid
Dinner
in
the
Lord
Mayor's
house
.
After
Dinner
the
Mayor
conducted
the
General
to
the
Common-Council
of
the
City
,
where
in
a
full
Assembly
of
the
Citizens
in
their
formalities
,
Makes
a
Speech
to
the
Citizens
:
He
declared
to
them
his
trouble
to
see
what
affronts
were
offered
to
them
by
Orders
from
the
Council
of
State
,
which
he
obeyed
;
yet
disliked
that
he
was
necessitated
to
comply
with
those
Commands
;
but
with
a
resolution
always
to
run
through
the
greatest
dangers
to
serve
them
:
That
he
had
not
forgot
their
kind
Letter
at
Morpeth
,
wherein
he
affectionately
concurred
,
but
was
forced
to
retire
backwards
,
like
a
Fencer
,
to
make
the
better
ground
,
and
the
more
advantageous
assault
.
That
he
had
sent
to
the
House
that
morning
,
And
promises
a
new
Parliament
.
that
they
should
issue
Writs
for
a
full
Parliament
;
and
to
this
end
he
was
come
to
stay
with
them
,
and
see
his
desires
fulfilled
;
and
that
they
should
put
a
period
to
their
sitting
by
the
sixth
of
May.
Monk's
Speech
was
with
delight
and
universal
applause
heard
by
the
Citizens
;
The
Citizens
rejoyce
.
and
the
name
of
a
New
Parliament
so
pleased
the
minds
of
the
People
,
that
the
City
which
appeared
desolate
and
dejected
in
the
morning
,
seemed
transported
with
joy
at
night
,
by
the
ringing
of
Bells
and
Bonefires
.
Now
was
Monk
in
every
bodies
mouth
;
And
honour
Monk
;
and
the
Multitude
not
able
to
contain
their
secret
joys
,
proclaimed
him
the
Honour
and
Deliverer
of
their
Country
;
Reproaching
the
Rump
.
praying
for
and
blessing
him
in
all
places
.
Then
was
the
Rump
loaded
with
the
Reproaches
and
Imprecations
of
all
,
with
so
much
freedom
,
that
it
seemed
to
be
the
first
step
to
their
Liberty
,
thus
to
despise
their
Oppressors
.
Which
was
offended
at
Monk's
Letter
.
Nor
was
this
night
revelling
of
the
over-joyed
People
less
boundless
,
than
the
Rage
of
the
Rumpers
was
before
,
upon
the
reading
of
Monk's
Letter
.
They
in
great
indignation
complain
,
that
the
violence
of
old
,
offered
by
Cromwel
,
and
more
lately
by
Lambert
,
was
not
more
grievous
,
than
the
present-imperious
boldness
of
Monk
,
in
prefixing
a
day
to
their
dissolution
.
But
the
old
Commissioners
,
Scot
and
Robinson
,
being
sent
into
the
City
to
the
General
,
they
offered
him
the
hypocritical
Thanks
of
the
Rump
for
his
quelling
of
the
City
;
and
concealing
their
displeasure
at
his
Letter
,
they
promise
a
fuller
Parliament
:
and
that
their
dissimulation
might
be
the
more
specious
,
they
invite
Monk
again
to
Westminster
to
assist
them
with
his
counsel
.
The
General
and
his
Friends
gave
them
a
doubtful
answer
,
as
well
knowing
that
the
civility
of
the
proud
Rumpers
was
not
for
nought
:
However
,
it
was
the
interest
of
both
Parties
to
continue
their
dissimulation
.
But
the
Commissioners
upon
their
return
,
having
brought
advice
of
the
joyful
familiarity
that
was
betwixt
the
General
and
the
Citizens
,
the
Rump
smelt
out
Monk's
designe
,
and
were
distracted
in
their
thoughts
.
Wherefore
they
forthwith
set
about
the
lessening
of
his
power
in
the
Army
;
The
Rump
weakens
Monk's
authority
.
appointing
a
Committee
of
five
for
ordering
the
affairs
of
the
Forces
;
which
if
they
could
have
gone
through
with
,
the
English
Army
being
altogether
averse
from
Monk
,
they
had
certainly
ruined
his
fortune
.
So
soon
as
Monk
heard
that
he
was
made
one
of
five
Generals
,
being
unaccustomed
to
affronts
,
and
equally
slighting
the
baseness
and
treachery
of
the
Rumpers
,
He
takes
it
in
indignation
.
he
took
greater
care
of
his
affairs
:
And
that
he
might
not
make
use
of
the
counsel
of
Enemies
and
Traytors
onely
,
he
desires
a
Conference
with
the
old
secluded
Members
;
upon
whose
sense
and
inclinations
when
he
found
there
was
more
to
be
grounded
,
And
sends
the
secluded
Members
to
the
house
.
Feb.
21.
and
perceived
them
to
be
fit
men
for
qualifying
matters
,
and
not
averse
from
his
own
designes
in
time
,
he
sent
them
to
the
Parliament
attended
by
a
guard
of
Souldiers
.
The
secluded
Members
in
the
mean
time
entring
the
House
again
,
The
Abjurators
depart
.
the
baser
and
viler
sort
of
the
Abjurors
being
now
in
despair
,
left
the
House
.
The
rest
being
more
moderate
,
continued
to
joyn
with
their
restored
fellow-Members
in
the
administration
of
the
affairs
of
the
Publick
.
The
Votes
of
the
fuller
Parliament
.
The
Parliament
being
now
increased
in
number
,
and
the
Vote
of
their
own
exclusion
being
in
the
first
place
repealed
,
they
appoint
Monk
General
of
all
the
Forces
in
Britain
and
Ireland
,
and
order
money
streight
to
be
levied
for
the
Pay
of
the
Souldiers
.
They
appoint
Montague
Admiral
of
the
Fleet
;
give
liberty
to
Booth's
Prisoners
,
and
the
Captive
Citizens
;
in
whose
place
Lambert
was
afterwards
clapt
up
in
the
Tower
.
Whilst
the
Parliament
was
busied
in
the
affairs
of
the
Commonwealth
,
Monk
acquaints
the
distant
Forces
,
with
the
restauration
of
the
Parliam
.
Feb.
21.
Monk
in
the
mean
time
wholly
taken
up
about
the
care
of
the
Forces
,
having
called
a
Council
of
his
Colonels
,
dispatched
Letters
to
all
the
Regiments
of
the
Army
and
their
Officers
,
that
were
quartered
up
and
down
Britain
and
Ireland
,
to
certifie
them
of
the
reason
of
the
readmission
of
the
Members
,
with
large
assurances
of
their
constancy
to
their
old
Profession
and
Principles
;
and
that
without
this
Expedient
there
was
no
way
to
satisfie
the
Nation
,
or
raise
money
for
the
subsistance
of
the
Army
or
Navy
.
The
distant
Regiments
in
the
mean
time
wanting
Money
and
Necessaries
,
They
consent
to
him
.
and
having
tried
the
experience
of
both
fortunes
,
chose
rather
to
comply
,
and
have
their
certain
Pay
,
than
to
stand
it
out
,
and
trust
to
uncertainties
.
But
Monk
,
to
make
sure
of
the
Forces
,
And
take
an
Oath
to
be
true
to
the
Parliament
.
made
them
all
take
a
new
Oath
to
be
true
to
the
Parliament
;
which
the
Colonels
and
Officers
of
his
own
Army
,
and
many
of
the
English
Forces
willingly
did
:
but
those
who
refused
or
scrupuled
,
he
disarmed
and
casheered
.
And
now
Monk
had
the
sole
power
over
both
Armies
,
and
received
all
Souldiers
as
bound
by
the
same
Oath
under
the
same
General
.
Monk
before
this
had
removed
his
Quarters
from
Whitehall
to
St.
James's
:
There
amongst
others
,
Monk
quarters
at
S
James's
.
Here
he
receives
Letters
from
the
King
,
by
the
hands
of
Greenvile
.
March
18.
William
Morrice
was
a
chief
Confident
of
the
General's
,
a
man
of
great
solidity
and
prudence
,
as
the
times
went
.
By
his
means
Greenvile
a
Knight
being
introduced
to
Monk
,
and
all
company
being
removed
,
he
privately
delivered
him
Letters
from
King
CHARLES
.
Having
read
them
,
he
makes
an
answer
suitable
to
the
times
and
the
doubtful
state
of
affairs
,
resolving
neither
to
say
too
much
,
nor
to
conceal
all
his
mind
;
and
so
tempered
his
expressions
,
that
he
might
seem
to
reserve
a
fuller
answer
in
his
actions
.
And
this
was
the
first
step
to
the
restoring
the
Government
to
Charles
the
Second
.
Greenvile
returned
to
Brussels
to
the
King
with
the
joyful
and
expected
news
of
Monk's
good
inclinations
towards
his
Majesty
.
But
by
how
much
the
Parliament
and
Monk
seriously
applied
themselves
to
the
setling
of
affairs
,
by
so
much
the
more
the
bloudy
Parricides
used
all
their
Arts
and
Treachery
,
by
sowing
Sedition
in
the
Camp
,
and
raising
Tumults
amongst
the
Sectarians
in
the
City
,
to
stir
up
new
Commotions
;
nor
did
Treachery
end
with
the
War
.
A
new
Conspiracy
of
the
Traytors
.
For
the
Abjurors
having
no
more
opportunity
of
doing
mischief
in
the
Parliament-house
,
kept
Cabals
and
secret
Conferences
with
the
lately-disbanded
Officers
of
the
English
Army
,
and
being
crushed
in
the
head
,
stung
with
the
tail
.
As
to
what
may
be
gathered
from
the
present
actings
of
the
Parliament
,
and
the
secret
inclinations
of
Monk
,
(
say
they
)
the
restauration
of
the
Government
of
Charles
Steuart
is
not
far
off
:
That
therefore
they
thought
to
consider
in
time
that
their
affairs
were
in
a
slippery
condition
;
and
that
without
their
ruine
and
overthrow
,
Charles
would
not
mount
the
Throne
.
That
the
Trophies
of
so
many
Wars
,
the
glorying
in
the
assistance
and
protection
of
God
,
and
the
actions
of
so
many
years
,
would
not
now
avail
them
.
That
it
was
madness
,
after
the
slaughter
of
so
many
Royalists
,
the
killing
of
so
many
Nobles
,
and
the
unparallel'd
Crime
of
the
Murder
of
Charles
the
First
,
to
expect
from
a
young
banished
man
,
and
exasperated
by
a
long
Exile
,
a
Pardon
,
1660.
which
God
Almighty
would
hardly
give
for
so
many
Villanies
.
That
there
remained
then
no
remedy
for
them
,
but
a
daring
boldness
,
whilst
as
yet
neither
the
Authority
of
the
Parliament
in
the
House
,
nor
that
of
Monk
in
both
the
Armies
,
was
firmly
enough
setled
.
Let
us
therefore
dare
,
say
they
,
and
re-attempt
Murders
,
Rapines
,
Disturbances
of
State
,
and
all
those
Villanies
that
for
twenty
years
past
have
so
well
succeeded
with
us
;
rather
than
tamely
and
cowardly
deliver
up
our
Liberty
purchased
by
our
blouds
,
into
the
power
of
an
Enemy
,
who
will
the
more
cruelly
be
revenged
upon
us
,
that
he
hath
been
so
often
baffled
and
defeated
by
us
.
Let
us
either
by
greater
Crimes
justifie
the
past
,
or
bury
our
misfortunes
with
our
lives
in
the
ruine
of
the
Common-wealth
.
—
Trahere
omnia
secum
Mersa
juvat
,
gentesque
suae
miscere
ruinae
.
If
we
must
sink
,
we
'll
drown
the
State
,
And
involve
Nations
in
our
Fate
.
Having
thus
concerted
a
Conspiracy
,
there
wanted
onely
an
opportune
Leader
;
but
then
Lambert
being
the
person
of
greatest
reputation
amongst
the
Fanaticks
,
was
thought
the
fittest
to
undertake
that
Charge
.
Having
therefore
corrupted
his
Keepers
,
Lambert
escapes
out
of
Prison
.
April
9.
he
made
his
escape
out
of
the
Tower
by
night
;
then
lurking
privily
in
the
City
,
and
consulting
with
the
Ring-leaders
of
the
Party
,
they
concluded
amongst
themselves
,
O
damnable
madness
!
by
corrupting
the
English
Regiments
,
and
raising
Sedition
in
the
Army
,
to
renew
a
Civil
War
.
And
so
Lambert
secretly
posts
to
Warwick
,
He
gathers
together
an
Army
.
the
place
appointed
for
their
meeting
:
Thither
came
Axtell
,
Okey
,
Cobbet
,
Crede
,
and
other
bloudy
Traytors
;
where
being
joyned
by
Turncoats
and
the
disbanded
Souldiers
of
the
English
Regiments
,
whom
they
had
allured
into
their
Party
,
they
suddenly
make
up
an
Army
;
and
so
the
unhappy
General
is
once
more
in
command
.
The
first
that
gave
Monk
intelligence
of
Lambert's
Insurrection
was
Colonel
Streater
,
who
was
with
a
Regiment
of
Foot
quartered
in
Northampton
.
The
Council
of
State
hearing
of
the
escape
of
the
Conspirators
,
Lambert
is
proclaimed
a
Traytor
.
proclaim
Lambert
and
his
Adherents
Traytors
.
Monk
in
the
mean
time
,
lest
leaving
the
City
of
London
,
he
might
bring
the
publick
safety
in
danger
,
resolved
to
reserve
his
main
Force
for
greater
occasions
,
and
to
send
in
all
haste
,
some
Horse
after
Lambert
to
crush
the
designe
in
its
Infancy
.
Ingoldsby
is
sent
against
Lambert
.
Richard
Ingoldsbey
acquitted
himself
like
a
brave
man
,
retrieving
by
a
bold
attempt
the
faults
,
that
being
a
Colonel
under
both
the
Cromwels
,
he
had
formerly
committed
.
He
having
Orders
from
Monk
,
with
a
body
of
Horse
hastened
to
joyn
Streater's
Foot
at
Northampton
;
and
on
the
two
and
twentieth
of
April
,
being
Easter-day
,
within
two
miles
of
Daventry
came
in
sight
of
the
Enemy
in
an
open
Country
fit
for
a
Horse-fight
,
and
no
less
for
flight
.
Lambert
,
before
his
Forces
were
ripe
for
Action
,
being
thus
unexpectedly
beset
,
for
a
last
proof
of
his
Valour
drew
up
his
men
in
order
to
fight
,
leaving
the
rest
that
was
not
in
his
power
,
Both
prepare
to
fight
,
to
destiny
;
and
Ingoldsbey
did
the
like
:
both
for
some
hours
mutually
expecting
the
charge
.
Whilst
thus
they
delayed
to
engage
,
it
was
reported
that
Lambert
made
some
overtures
of
restoring
Richard
Cromwel
,
whom
he
knew
Ingoldsbey
to
have
been
much
affected
to
,
that
so
he
might
save
Stakes
:
But
he
disdaining
to
see
the
force
of
that
scenical
Prince
plaid
again
,
they
must
come
to
blows
.
Providence
appeared
in
the
engagement
:
And
do
fight
.
for
hardly
had
they
begun
to
skirmish
,
but
that
many
of
Lambert's
Horse
turned
to
Ingoldsbey's
side
;
the
rest
either
daunted
at
the
desertion
of
their
Companions
,
or
the
force
of
the
Enemy
,
took
quarters
and
yielded
.
Which
when
the
Commanders
perceived
,
they
began
to
think
of
running
.
Ingoldsbey
charging
then
home
,
put
Lambert
hard
to
it
;
Lambert
is
overcome
,
who
far
below
the
great
fame
that
he
had
acquired
in
Arms
,
his
Courage
sinking
with
his
Cause
,
and
forgetting
his
former
Reputation
,
And
taken
.
tamely
yielded
himself
Prisoner
.
With
Lambert
,
Cobbet
and
Crede
were
taken
;
but
Axtell
and
Okey
making
their
escape
,
delayed
,
but
avoided
not
their
deserved
punishments
.
And
now
again
Lambert
,
forsaken
of
his
Friends
,
and
a
Prisoner
,
became
sensible
of
his
fortune
.
Yet
this
fresh
madness
of
Rebels
,
had
it
not
been
seasonably
quelled
by
Ingoldsbey
and
Streater
,
would
have
again
embrewed
the
Nation
in
Bloud
and
Slaughter
,
and
turned
all
things
into
new
Disorders
.
The
very
day
that
Monk
mustered
the
Militia
of
London
,
Ingoldsbey
brought
his
Prisoners
to
Town
;
Is
carried
a
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
of
London
.
who
were
now
led
in
triumph
where
they
had
so
often
triumphed
by
their
Villanies
,
passing
disarmed
through
armed
Souldiers
.
And
thus
the
Civil
Wars
had
an
end
.
Not
long
before
,
March
the
17th
,
The
dissolution
of
the
Long
Parliament
.
March
17.
the
Long
and
Black
Parliament
dissolved
themselves
;
a
Parliament
infamous
for
such
havock
made
in
the
State
,
so
many
impudent
and
unwarrantable
Undertakings
,
and
for
the
murder
of
Charles
the
Martyr
;
being
twice
garbl'd
,
twice
turned
out
,
twice
restored
,
and
at
length
much
more
happily
ended
than
begun
.
And
now
,
on
the
five
and
twentieth
of
April
,
a
new
and
more
auspicuous
Parliament
assembled
,
A
new
one
met
.
April
25.
being
made
up
,
according
to
the
ancient
English
custom
,
of
Lords
and
Commons
.
The
Earl
of
Manchester
was
Speaker
of
the
House
of
Lords
,
and
Sir
Harbotle
Grimstone
of
the
Commons
.
And
this
conjunction
of
both
Houses
seemed
a
natural
Prelude
to
the
Kings
Restauration
.
The
People
desire
a
King
.
For
the
English
accustomed
to
Kingly
government
,
cried
,
that
there
remained
no
other
way
of
remedying
the
publick
Distempers
,
but
a
submission
to
the
rightful
government
of
Charles
the
Second
.
So
was
it
ordered
above
,
that
God
and
man
should
concur
in
recalling
the
King
to
his
Throne
.
And
so
great
was
the
fame
of
the
Virtues
and
Accomplishments
of
this
August
young
Prince
,
that
though
by
reason
of
a
long
Exile
,
he
was
by
face
almost
unknown
to
all
,
and
though
he
had
not
had
a
lawful
and
hereditary
Title
to
the
Crown
,
yet
they
would
have
courted
him
to
accept
of
the
Government
.
Nor
was
he
less
desirable
,
when
compared
and
put
into
the
balance
with
those
bloudy
Vsurpers
.
Nay
,
the
compassionate
sense
of
his
adverse
Fortune
and
tedious
Exile
kindled
also
in
his
Subjects
an
affectionate
desire
of
recalling
him
to
his
Right
.
And
the
inconsiderate
mistakes
of
the
imperious
Traytors
at
length
came
to
this
,
That
the
Common-wealth
no
less
desired
the
King
,
than
the
King
the
Government
;
and
the
languishing
condition
of
the
Publick
made
it
as
,
if
not
more
,
necessary
for
the
English
to
have
a
Prince
,
than
for
him
to
have
a
People
.
Th●
King
comes
to
Breda
.
While
these
things
were
a
doing
,
Charles
,
wholly
intent
upon
the
motions
of
England
,
leaving
Brussels
,
a
Town
under
the
Spanish
dominion
,
came
to
Breda
which
belongs
to
his
Nephew
the
Prince
of
Orange
;
From
whence
he
sends
Letters
to
the
Parliament
,
&c.
April
14.
from
whence
he
dispatched
Sir
John
Greenvile
with
Royal
Letters
to
both
Houses
of
Parliament
,
and
Letters
also
to
General
Monk
and
the
Officers
of
the
Army
,
to
the
Mayor
and
Common-Council
of
London
,
and
to
Montague
Admiral
of
the
Fleet.
Which
were
received
with
so
universal
a
Joy
and
Applause
,
that
the
Parliament
forthwith
ordained
him
to
be
proclaimed
KING
in
the
City
,
and
all
over
England
,
with
the
accustomed
Solemnities
,
having
made
a
Proclamation
to
this
purpose
.
Although
it
can
no
way
be
doubted
but
that
his
Majesties
Right
and
Title
to
these
Crowns
and
Kingdoms
,
The
Parliaments
Proclamation
.
is
and
was
every
way
compleat
by
the
death
of
his
most
Royal
Father
of
glorious
memory
,
without
the
ceremony
or
solemnity
of
a
Proclamation
;
yet
since
Proclamations
in
such
cases
have
been
always
used
,
to
the
end
that
all
good
Subjects
might
upon
this
occasion
testifie
their
duty
and
respect
;
and
since
the
armed
violence
,
and
other
the
Calamities
of
many
years
last
past
,
have
hitherto
deprived
us
of
any
opportunity
wherein
we
might
express
our
Loyalty
and
Allegiance
to
his
Majesty
:
We
therefore
the
Lords
and
Commons
now
assembled
in
Parliament
,
together
with
the
Lord
Mayor
,
Aldermen
,
and
Common-Council
of
the
City
of
London
,
and
other
Freemen
of
this
Kingdom
now
present
;
do
according
to
our
Duty
and
Allegiance
,
heartily
,
joyfully
,
and
unanimously
acknowledge
and
proclaim
,
That
immediately
upon
the
decease
of
our
late
Soveraign
King
CHARLES
the
First
,
the
Imperial
Crown
of
the
Realm
of
England
,
and
of
all
the
Kingdoms
,
Dominions
,
and
Rights
belonging
to
the
same
,
did
by
inherent
Birth-right
,
and
lawful
undoubted
Succession
,
descend
and
come
to
his
most
Excellent
Majesty
King
CHARLES
the
Second
,
as
being
lineally
,
justly
,
and
lawfully
next
Heir
of
the
Bloud-Royal
of
this
Realm
;
and
that
by
the
goodness
and
providence
of
Almighty
God
,
he
is
of
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
,
the
most
potent
,
mighty
,
and
undoubted
King
.
And
thereunto
we
most
humbly
and
faithfully
do
submit
and
oblige
our selves
,
our
Heirs
,
and
Posterities
.
The
King
being
proclaimed
throughout
the
City
with
the
joyful
shouts
and
acclamations
of
all
,
and
all
things
being
prepared
for
his
reception
,
both
Houses
of
Parliament
appointed
an
honourable
body
of
Commissioners
to
be
sent
to
the
King
with
their
Letters
,
all
men
of
great
Quality
and
Birth
:
Obery
Earl
of
Oxford
,
Commissioners
from
the
Lords
to
the
King
.
Charles
Earl
of
Warwick
,
Lionel
Earl
of
Middlesex
,
and
Hereford
Viscount
of
Leicester
,
the
Lords
Berkley
and
Brooks
,
for
the
Lords
.
Commissioners
from
the
Commons
.
The
House
of
Commons
chose
Fairfax
,
Bruce
,
Falkland
,
Castletown
,
Herbert
,
Mandiville
,
all
Lords
;
Ashley-Cooper
,
Townsend
,
Booth
,
Holland
,
Chumley
,
and
Hollis
,
Knights
:
Who
besides
Letters
,
carried
Instructions
with
them
,
humbly
to
beg
that
his
Majesty
would
be
pleased
to
hasten
his
long
wished-for
return
into
England
.
The
K.
Dukes
,
of
York
and
Gloucester
have
Presents
sent
them
from
the
Parliament
.
And
because
they
knew
that
the
Exchequer
of
their
exiled
King
could
not
be
very
full
,
they
order
them
to
carry
him
a
Present
of
fifty
thousand
Pieces
of
Gold
;
and
also
ten
thousand
to
the
Duke
of
York
,
and
five
to
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
.
Clerges
,
a
person
in
great
favour
with
the
King
,
carried
General
Monk's
and
the
Armies
Submission
and
Letters
.
The
Londoners
send
Commissioners
and
Presents
.
The
City
of
London
also
sent
twenty
Commissioners
chosen
out
of
the
Flower
of
the
Citizens
:
and
the
wealthy
Citizens
present
the
King
and
his
Illustrious
Brothers
with
twelve
thousand
pounds
.
All
things
now
succeeding
beyond
expectation
,
Monk
was
secure
in
his
fortune
,
having
so
dexterously
managed
things
,
The
Traytors
with
astonishment
beheld
the
Revolution
.
with
such
innocent
and
harmless
Arts
defeated
the
Snares
and
Arms
of
the
Parricides
,
and
procured
the
publick
safety
without
bloud
,
that
the
same
Virtue
of
the
General
was
both
hated
and
admired
;
whilst
the
praying
Sectaries
in
vain
called
upon
God
,
who
was
not
certainly
the
Lord
of
their
Hosts
now
.
The
Eleventh
of
May
the
Commissioners
set
sail
from
England
,
The
Commissioners
sail
from
England
,
May
11.
and
wait
upon
the
K.
at
the
Hague
May
16.
Sir
Thomas
Clerges
the
first
Messenger
of
the
Kings
coming
.
and
with
all
dutifulness
waited
upon
the
Kings
Majesty
at
the
Hague
;
where
they
were
gladly
and
kindly
received
by
him
.
Clarges
had
been
with
him
before
,
whom
the
King
having
first
knighted
,
sent
back
into
England
as
a
Messenger
of
his
coming
;
and
having
sent
Letters
to
Monk
full
of
expressions
of
good
will
and
gratitude
towards
the
General
and
Army
,
he
designed
Dover
for
his
place
of
landing
.
In
the
mean
time
,
by
the
Kings
command
,
Admiral
Montague
(
since
Earl
of
Sandwich
)
came
with
the
Fleet
upon
the
Coast
of
Holland
,
and
waited
for
the
King
before
Scheveling
.
And
now
all
things
being
in
a
readiness
for
his
departure
,
the
best
of
Kings
,
The
K.
went
on
board
,
May
23.
with
the
Dukes
of
York
and
Gloucester
,
came
on
board
the
Admiral
.
Thither
they
were
attended
by
the
Queen
of
Bohemia
their
Aunt
,
their
Sister
the
Princess
of
Orange
,
and
the
young
Prince
their
Nephew
;
where
after
they
had
taken
a
glad
Farewel
,
with
a
joyful
Huzza
of
the
Sea-men
they
set
sail
.
Charles
the
Second
now
in
possession
of
his
Fleet
,
(
the
first
Pledge
of
his
Government
)
which
was
speedily
to
waft
him
over
to
that
of
his
Kingdoms
,
with
a
prosperous
Gale
directs
his
course
to
Dover
.
Monk
having
received
Letters
by
Clarges
,
accompanied
with
a
numerous
train
of
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
Monk
hastens
to
Dover
.
hastened
thither
to
welcome
him
on
the
shore
,
and
to
pay
Honour
to
that
Virtue
at
home
,
which
he
had
reverenced
at
so
great
distance
abroad
.
So
soon
as
the
Fleet
with
full
sail
came
in
sight
,
innumerable
crouds
of
over-spied
Spectators
flocked
to
the
shore
,
and
Sea-coast
,
and
to
every
other
place
from
whence
they
might
have
any
prospect
,
being
desirous
to
see
and
congratulate
their
restored
Prince
.
The
Troubles
of
England
Composed
by
his
Majesties
happy
Restauration
.
There
the
King
lands
.
May
25.
On
the
25th
of
May
,
amidst
the
roaring
of
all
the
Canon
in
the
Fleet
,
ecchoed
and
answered
from
the
Castle
and
shore
,
and
,
which
was
a
more
glorious
sound
,
amidst
the
joyful
and
louder
Acclamations
of
his
Subjects
,
AVGVST
CHARLES
landed
at
Dover
,
with
so
much
Piety
,
Gravity
,
and
Gracefulness
in
his
Countenance
,
that
he
seemed
to
be
come
to
pay
his
Vows
to
God
,
the
Protector
of
the
Government
.
His
department
shew'd
no
Vanity
nor
Pride
,
but
a
mind
rather
above
the
reach
of
them
,
yet
capable
of
any
fortune
;
and
so
great
was
his
Majesty
in
all
his
actions
,
that
he
seemed
more
to
deserve
than
to
desire
a
Crown
.
Monk
receives
the
King
upon
his
knees
at
his
landing
.
Here
Monk
falling
upon
his
knees
to
welcome
the
King
,
was
by
his
Majesty
embraced
,
kissed
,
and
raised
from
the
ground
;
the
rest
of
the
Nobility
having
also
performed
their
duty
,
the
same
night
the
best
of
Kings
advanced
to
Canterbury
,
The
King
hastens
to
Canterbury
.
There
he
made
Monk
Knight
of
the
Garter
.
May
27.
and
next
morning
created
Monk
Knight
of
the
honourable
Order
of
the
Garter
,
the
most
illustrious
Princes
the
Dukes
of
York
and
Gloucester
putting
the
George
about
his
neck
.
Here
the
King
spent
Sunday
,
and
restored
the
service
of
the
Church
in
the
Metropolitan
Church
of
England
.
May
28.
He
came
to
Rochester
.
Setting
forward
from
hence
,
he
lodged
all
night
at
Rochester
,
and
next
day
upon
Black
heath
he
viewed
the
Forces
drawn
up
with
much
military
pomp
and
splendour
:
Forces
heretofore
onely
brave
in
shedding
of
Civil
Bloud
,
whose
Trophies
and
Triumphs
were
then
disgraced
with
horrid
Crimes
;
but
now
upon
the
return
of
Charles
,
The
K.
views
the
Army
upon
the
Road
,
and
praises
them
.
loyally
and
deservedly
triumphant
.
The
Regiments
drawn
up
in
a
most
lovely
order
,
made
an
Army
worthy
of
King
Charles
.
The
King
having
by
the
famous
Colonel
Knight
received
the
Salutations
and
Respects
of
the
Forces
in
their
Arms
,
and
having
praised
them
for
their
dutifulness
and
affection
,
proceeded
forwards
;
the
people
strewing
Flowers
and
Leaves
of
Trees
in
the
way
,
and
in
all
places
offering
him
the
choicest
marks
of
their
Honour
.
When
he
was
come
near
the
City
,
The
King
is
welcomed
by
the
Lord
Mayor
and
Citizens
of
London
.
the
Lord
Mayor
and
Aldermen
of
London
welcomed
him
upon
their
knees
.
The
Mayor
delivered
his
Majesty
the
Sword
,
the
Badge
of
his
Dignity
,
which
the
King
graciously
gave
him
back
again
;
and
being
conducted
into
a
large
and
richly-adorned
Pavillion
,
was
entertained
at
a
splendid
Collation
.
From
thence
with
a
magnificent
train
of
Persons
of
all
quality
,
He
enters
London
.
May
29.
over
London-bridge
he
entered
the
City
,
amidst
such
a
glorious
appearance
of
brave
and
great
men
,
that
scarcely
in
any
Age
the
triumphal
Bridge
of
Rome
ever
bore
a
greater
Pomp
,
or
victorious
Tyber
saw
,
or
Euphrates
of
old
,
By
Tyber
,
Euphrates
,
and
Tygris
,
are
meant
the
Roman
,
Persian
,
and
Assyrian
Empires
,
and
their
Triumphs
.
or
the
yet
more
ancient
Tygris
.
Along
the
Streets
from
London-bridge
to
White-hall
,
The
Pomp
of
his
entry
.
on
the
one
side
in
a
continued
order
the
Trained-bands
of
the
City
were
drawn
up
,
and
on
the
other
,
the
Companies
in
their
Livery-gowns
,
the
houses
on
each
side
being
hung
with
Tapistry
.
The
tops
of
the
houses
and
windows
were
filled
with
vast
multitudes
of
Spectators
,
And
Attendants
.
the
People
from
all
places
flocking
to
this
glorious
and
joyful
Show
.
There
were
no
less
than
twenty
thousand
richly
attired
on
horseback
.
The
first
that
led
the
Cavalcade
were
some
Troops
of
young
Gentlemen
in
a
various
&
most
rich
dress
and
shining
Arms
,
with
Trumpets
sounding
before
them
.
The
Sheriffs
of
London's
men
with
their
Spears
,
followed
after
;
next
after
whom
marched
six
hundred
of
the
chief
Citizens
,
in
Velvet-coats
and
Gold-chains
.
Then
followed
the
Kings
Horse-guards
,
led
by
the
Lord
Gerrard
their
Captain
.
With
the
chearful
musick
of
Drums
,
Trumpets
,
and
Waits
,
next
advanced
the
Sheriffs
and
Aldermen
of
London
in
their
Scarlet-gowns
,
and
their
Horses
richly
deckt
with
Trapings
;
their
Footmen
attending
them
,
shining
with
Gold
and
Silver
.
Then
followed
the
Kings
of
Arms
and
Heralds
in
their
rich
Coats
;
and
next
to
them
the
Lord
Mayor
,
carrying
in
his
right
hand
the
naked
Sword
;
and
after
him
the
Illustrious
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
and
the
renowned
General
Monk
.
And
now
appeared
Charles
,
the
Wishes
of
all
good
men
,
and
the
Joys
of
the
happy
,
conspicuous
in
a
triumphant
Majesty
:
On
the
right
hand
rode
the
Duke
of
York
,
on
the
left
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
;
he
himself
on
a
stately
horse
in
the
middle
,
carrying
all
Triumphs
and
Diadems
in
his
looks
,
which
seemed
then
more
than
humane
.
After
his
Majesty
,
came
his
chief
Courtiers
and
Servants
.
General
Monk's
Life-guard
commanded
by
Sir
Philip
Howard
;
and
then
five
Regiments
of
Horse
of
Monk's
Army
,
led
by
Colonel
Knight
.
This
Triumphal
Procession
was
brought
up
by
a
vast
body
of
Noblemen
and
Gentlemen
,
with
red
Colours
fringed
with
Gold
,
in
rich
Attire
,
shining
Arms
,
their
Swords
drawn
,
and
Plumes
of
Feather
in
their
Hats
.
In
this
order
the
King
marched
slowly
through
the
City
,
amidst
the
shouts
,
acclamations
,
and
joyful
looks
of
his
Subjects
,
which
he
triumphantly
heard
and
beheld
.
And
now
entring
his
Royal
Palace
,
he
mounted
the
Throne
of
his
Forefathers
on
the
twenty
ninth
of
May
,
heretofore
the
day
of
his
Birth
,
and
now
of
his
Restauration
;
after
he
had
been
,
since
Worcester-fight
,
ten
years
banished
his
Country
.
The
Members
of
both
Houses
of
Parliament
came
to
wait
on
his
Majesty
in
the
Banquetting-house
,
The
two
Houses
come
to
congratulate
the
King
.
there
to
express
their
joyful
Congratulations
for
his
Return
,
and
unfeigned
Loyalty
to
the
Government
;
which
was
eloquently
done
by
the
Earl
of
Manchester
for
the
House
of
Lords
,
and
Sir
Harbotle
Grimstone
for
the
Commons
.
The
King
tired
out
with
the
Fatigues
of
his
triumphant
Journey
,
made
them
this
short
Answer
.
I
Am
so
disordered
by
my
Journey
,
and
with
the
noise
still
sounding
in
my
ears
,
(
which
I
confess
was
pleasing
to
me
,
because
it
expressed
the
Affections
of
my
People
)
as
I
am
unfit
at
the
present
to
make
such
a
Reply
as
I
desire
;
yet
thus
much
I
shall
say
unto
you
,
That
I
take
no
greater
satisfaction
to
my self
in
this
my
Change
,
than
that
I
find
my
heart
really
set
to
endeavour
by
all
means
for
the
restoring
of
this
Nation
to
their
Freedom
and
Happiness
;
and
I
hope
by
the
advice
of
my
Parliament
to
assert
it
.
Of
this
also
you
may
be
confident
,
That
next
to
the
honour
of
God
,
from
whom
principally
I
shall
ever
own
this
Restauration
to
my
Crown
,
I
shall
study
the
welfare
of
my
People
;
and
shall
not
onely
be
a
true
Defender
of
the
Faith
,
but
a
just
Assertor
of
the
Laws
and
Liberties
of
my
Subjects
.
The
night
following
was
consecrated
to
Joy
.
The
Conduits
running
Wine
,
The
night-joys
of
the
Citizens
.
and
the
whole
City
lighted
by
Bonfires
.
The
loyal
Citizens
,
willing
to
lull
asleep
the
memory
of
twenty
years
Calamities
,
merrily
spent
the
night
in
the
noise
of
Trumpets
,
Drums
,
and
Volleys
of
shot
.
A
happy
revolution
of
affairs
from
the
Kings
Restauration
.
The
providence
of
God
Almighty
never
appeared
more
visible
in
humane
affairs
:
for
now
the
Golden
Age
returns
,
a
Happiness
too
good
for
our
times
;
the
blessed
day
shone
forth
,
wherein
King
Charles
being
restored
to
his
Country
,
restored
his
Country
to
it self
,
and
united
Liberty
and
Monarchy
,
two
things
thought
incompatible
under
the
traiterous
Usurpers
.
The
honour
of
the
Laws
,
which
makes
all
things
firm
and
durable
,
returned
:
The
splendour
of
the
Church
of
England
,
and
the
ancient
Rites
of
Worship
,
also
returned
;
Piety
coming
in
place
of
Sectarian
Superstition
.
The
King
appoints
a
Privy
Council
,
and
Ministers
of
State
.
The
King
having
tasted
a
little
of
the
delights
of
his
Return
,
seriously
set
about
the
setling
of
the
State
,
entangl'd
with
so
many
Civil
Dissentions
,
and
rent
by
Divisions
;
and
in
the
first
place
appointed
a
Privy-Council
,
and
disposed
of
the
chief
places
of
his
Kingdom
and
Court
.
The
Duke
of
York
made
Admiral
.
The
King
makes
the
most
Illustrious
James
Duke
of
York
Lord
High
Admiral
,
a
Prince
renowned
at
home
and
abroad
,
and
crowned
with
many
Victories
.
The
Earl
of
Clarendon
,
Chancellor
.
Edward
Hide
Earl
of
Clarendon
,
was
made
Lord
Chancellor
;
in
Eloquence
not
inferiour
to
the
most
famed
Orators
;
nor
in
Prudence
,
to
the
greatest
Statesmen
.
The
Earl
of
Southampton
,
Treasurer
.
The
uncorrupted
Earl
of
Southampton
,
with
Honour
and
Integrity
,
discharged
the
Office
of
Lord
High
Treasurer
.
The
D.
of
Ormond
,
Steward
of
the
K.'s
Houshold
.
The
Illustrious
charge
of
Steward
of
the
Kings
Houshold
,
was
conferred
upon
the
Duke
of
Ormond
,
a
Peer
of
a
steddy
Judgment
,
of
the
Honesty
of
elder
times
,
and
renowned
both
in
Peace
and
War
.
The
Earl
of
Manchester
,
The
E.
of
Manchester
,
Chamberlain
.
whose
Loyalty
had
been
proved
,
was
created
Lord
Chamberlain
of
the
House
.
Nicholas
and
Morrice
,
two
aged
Knights
,
Nicholas
and
Morrice
,
Secretaries
of
State
.
and
consummated
in
business
,
were
the
Principal
Secretaries
of
State
.
Monk
the
Restorer
,
Monk
Master
of
the
Horse
,
and
Duke
of
Albemarle
.
formerly
by
the
Kings
Commission
made
General
of
all
the
British
Forces
,
is
now
advanced
to
be
Master
of
the
Horse
,
and
honoured
with
the
Illustrious
Title
of
Duke
of
Albemarle
.
For
his
noble
Extraction
gave
him
a
claim
to
the
Honour
of
the
Albemarlian
Family
;
and
the
bounty
of
the
King
in
rewarding
his
good
Services
,
an
Estate
to
support
it
.
Nor
was
the
most
Religious
King
less
careful
of
the
Church
.
Bishops
restored
in
the
Church
.
Those
Bishops
who
had
survived
the
fury
of
the
Hereticks
,
he
restored
to
their
Sees
;
and
chose
others
conspicuous
for
Primitive
Piety
,
Learning
,
and
a
good
Life
,
in
place
of
those
that
were
dead
;
who
with
the
same
Piety
and
Humility
that
they
had
suffered
the
Reproaches
of
Sectarians
,
and
born
the
Calamities
of
a
Civil
War
,
now
in
their
old
age
carried
the
Miter
,
and
governed
the
Church
of
God
.
The
King
made
Juxon
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
and
primate
of
all
England
,
Will
.
Juxon
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
.
a
Prelate
of
Primitive
Piety
,
venerable
both
in
his
books
and
words
;
heretofore
Confessor
to
Charles
the
Martyr
,
and
his
Assistent
to
the
last
,
whilst
amidst
the
fury
and
reproaches
of
bloudy
Traytors
,
he
took
his
leave
of
this
world
.
—
Et
nullo
gemitu
consensit
ad
ictum
,
Despexitque
nefas
—
When
without
sighing
,
he
received
that
Blow
,
And
bravely
scorn'd
the
Villanies
below
.
And
now
it
was
no
small
comfort
to
many
,
that
they
to
whom
the
Parricides
had
formerly
been
liberal
,
were
as
poor
as
those
whom
they
had
robbed
:
but
it
was
fit
that
Clemency
should
usher
in
the
new
Administration
of
the
Government
;
and
therefore
Charles
imitating
God
Almighty
in
mercifulness
,
An
Act
of
Oblivion
is
past
.
past
in
Parliament
an
Act
of
Indemnity
and
Oblivion
for
all
his
Subjects
,
except
those
who
had
embrewed
their
hands
in
his
Fathers
Bloud
;
the
rest
of
the
guilty
Rebels
being
wonderfully
pardoned
:
but
whether
with
greater
Policy
or
Mercy
,
let
Posterity
judge
.
The
Army
receives
their
Pay
,
and
is
disbanded
.
The
King
now
secure
in
his
own
Majesty
,
and
the
Loyalty
of
his
Subjects
,
resolved
to
disband
the
Army
,
which
for
so
many
years
had
been
the
Burden
and
Grievance
of
the
Nation
;
for
the
paying
of
which
,
a
Tax
by
way
of
Poll
,
was
imposed
on
every
head
in
England
.
The
Souldiers
had
also
a
Donative
bestowed
upon
them
,
and
many
of
the
Officers
were
rewarded
according
to
their
merit
.
Amidst
the
Joys
wherewith
the
first
three
months
of
his
Majesties
government
was
blessed
,
The
Duke
of
Gloucester
dies
,
Sept.
13.
Henry
Duke
of
Gloucester
fell
sick
,
and
was
fatally
too
soon
snatched
out
of
this
world
by
the
Small
Pox
;
so
much
the
more
lamented
by
the
King
his
Brother
,
and
by
the
Kingdom
,
that
at
twenty
years
of
age
he
had
given
such
sublime
proofs
of
his
Princely
Accomplishments
:
And
this
alone
may
seem
an
Eclipse
of
the
Glory
of
Charles
,
that
almost
in
his
own
triumph
,
he
beheld
the
Funeral
of
his
dear
Brother
.
—
Manibus
date
Lilia
plenis
,
Purpureos
spargam
flores
—
Bring
plenty
of
white
Lillies
to
his
Herse
,
Whilst
sad
there
the
purple
Rose
disperse
.
The
affairs
of
England
being
setled
,
The
King
takes
into
consideration
the
Government
of
England
and
Ireland
.
Scotland
and
Ireland
were
to
be
taken
care
of
:
The
King
therefore
appointed
Privy-Councils
of
the
most
Loyal
Subjects
of
both
Kingdoms
,
to
manage
the
Government
,
till
he
might
advise
about
calling
a
Parliament
in
Scotland
,
and
sending
over
a
Lord
Lieutenant
into
Ireland
.
After
the
dutiful
Addresses
of
his
Subjects
at
home
,
the
neighbouring
Kings
of
France
,
Sweden
,
Congratulatory
Embassies
from
neighbouring
Princes
to
the
King
.
Denmark
,
and
many
Princes
of
Germany
,
by
honourable
Embassies
congratulate
the
Kings
happy
Restauration
;
all
which
were
outdone
by
the
pompous
and
splendid
train
of
the
Prince
Ligny
,
Embassadour
from
the
Catholick
King
.
And
now
it
was
time
to
bring
the
Murderers
of
Charles
the
Martyr
to
their
Tryals
,
The
Kings
Murderers
brought
to
tryal
.
Octob.
10.
many
of
whom
were
before
clapt
up
in
Prison
;
others
fled
away
secretly
,
and
wandered
in
foraign
and
distant
Countries
;
and
some
trusting
to
the
hopes
of
a
Pardon
,
obeyed
the
Kings
Proclamation
,
and
freely
surrendred
themselves
.
Therefore
on
the
tenth
of
October
,
Harrison
,
Carew
,
Clements
,
Jones
,
Scot
,
and
Scroop
,
who
had
been
of
the
number
of
the
Judges
that
condemned
the
King
,
Cooke
Attorney-General
,
the
famous
infamous
Peters
Chaplain
to
the
Traytors
,
Axiell
and
Hacker
Commanders
of
the
Guards
,
were
brought
to
the
Bar
,
not
before
an
accursed
and
new-made
High
Court
of
Justice
,
but
according
to
the
ancient
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
,
before
the
chief
Justices
and
the
rest
of
the
Kings
Justices
,
to
be
tryed
by
a
Jury
of
Twelve
men
,
after
the
usual
manner
of
England
.
What
they
were
accused
of
.
They
were
chiefly
charged
by
the
Attorney-General
and
the
Kings
Council
,
That
they
the
aforesaid
Traytors
,
and
others
guilty
of
High-Treason
,
conspiring
with
an
accursed
Army
of
Fanaticks
had
carried
away
to
Prison
,
King
Charles
,
securely
treating
a
Peace
with
the
two
Houses
of
Parliament
,
which
was
almost
concluded
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
.
So
that
the
House
of
Lords
being
abrogated
,
and
the
founder
Members
of
the
Commons
,
six
and
forty
Villains
that
remained
took
to
themselves
the
name
of
a
Parliament
,
invaded
the
Government
,
and
decreed
to
bring
the
King
to
a
Tryal
.
By
whose
authority
these
Parricides
(
an
High
Court
of
Justice
being
impudently
constituted
)
had
condemned
and
caused
to
be
put
to
death
the
King
of
England
,
who
was
above
the
Laws
,
contrary
to
the
will
,
and
to
the
great
grief
of
the
People
.
They
make
an
idle
base
defence
.
To
their
Indictment
,
rightly
laid
and
fully
proved
,
having
made
many
false
and
frivolous
Answers
concerning
the
supreme
authority
of
the
Parliament
,
which
indeed
in
this
case
had
no
authority
at
all
,
And
are
condemned
.
they
were
by
the
Verdict
of
a
Jury
of
Twelve
men
found
guilty
of
and
condemned
for
High-Treason
.
The
same
Verdict
past
also
upon
nineteen
other
of
the
Kings
Judges
,
but
with
a
different
event
,
as
shall
be
mentioned
in
the
proper
place
.
On
the
third
of
October
a
Gibbet
was
set
up
at
Charing-cross
near
Whitehall
,
whither
in
the
morning
Harrison
being
brought
,
Harrison
hang'd
and
quarter'd
.
Octob.
3.
the
first
of
the
surviving
Regicides
both
in
guilt
and
punishment
,
with
the
same
madness
and
obstinacy
as
he
had
behaved
himself
at
his
tryal
,
the
cruel
Traytor
affecting
an
undauntedness
at
his
death
,
was
hang'd
and
quarter'd
,
as
he
well
deserved
.
CAROLE
,
tuis
jam
Victima
mittitur
umbris
,
Nec
satis
hoc
fortuna
putat
,
procul
absit
,
ut
ista
Vindictae
sit
summa
tui
—
Great
CHARLES
,
a
Victim
to
thy
Ghost
does
fall
,
And
yet
thy
Fates
are
not
appeas'd
;
no
,
all
That
just
Revenge
is
not
yet
paid
that
shall
.
Harrison
,
rather
of
a
base
than
low
Birth
,
was
the
Son
of
a
Butcher
;
bred
at
first
a
Pettifogging
Country-Attorney
:
but
in
the
heat
of
the
Civil
Wars
,
when
the
onely
way
to
get
into
Power
,
was
Fanaticism
and
Treason
,
he
fled
to
the
Rebellious
Army
;
and
there
turning
a
furious
Anabaptist
,
and
advanced
to
be
a
Colonel
,
he
grew
very
intimate
with
Cromwel
,
and
his
Competitor
in
Villany
.
But
being
a
proud
and
haughty
fellow
,
and
a
most
desperate
Republican
,
he
fell
out
,
and
was
highly
displeased
with
Oliver
when
he
was
made
Protector
;
not
that
he
hated
the
Tyrant
Cromwel
,
but
disdained
to
be
outstripped
,
and
to
submit
to
one
who
from
a
fellow-Souldier
was
become
his
Prince
.
Carew
came
next
and
suffered
the
like
death
;
Carew
is
hang'd
.
Octob.
15.
but
his
Relations
,
who
had
served
the
King
in
the
Wars
,
obtained
,
as
a
mark
of
favour
,
the
liberty
of
burying
his
body
;
which
was
the
same
night
obscurely
performed
.
The
day
following
,
Cook
and
Peters
,
The
death
of
Cook
and
Peters
.
Octob.
16.
in
the
same
place
,
suffered
the
same
punishment
;
where
Peters
by
a
drunken
and
base
death
,
disgraced
his
infamous
life
.
Cook
was
an
obscure
,
ragged
,
beggarly
Lawyer
,
and
ambitious
to
get
a
Name
by
any
kind
of
Villany
.
Peters
a
Fanatical
Tub-preacher
,
and
the
Jack-pudding
of
the
Ordinances
.
Sometimes
he
was
Presbyterian
,
and
sometimes
Independant
,
as
the
several
Factions
prevailed
.
He
was
the
first
of
the
Jugglers
that
from
the
Pulpit
sounded
the
Trumpet
to
Civil
War
,
a
fellow
full
of
talk
,
and
had
a
knack
of
sporting
the
People
into
Sedition
,
with
an
insipid
kind
of
Buffoonry
and
Lying
,
which
past
with
them
for
Eloquence
,
and
became
a
Crony
of
Oliver's
by
a
flagitious
compliance
.
October
the
seventh
,
Clements
,
Scot
,
Jones
,
and
Scroop
,
executed
.
Octob.
17.
Clements
,
Scot
,
Jones
,
and
Scroop
,
suffered
the
same
death
upon
the
same
Gibbet
,
without
any
regard
had
to
a
decent
end
.
Clements
was
heretofore
a
Merchant
in
London
;
a
lustful
mercenary
Traytor
,
who
abused
his
Parliamentarian
Authority
to
Whoredom
and
Leachery
.
Jones
brought
nothing
with
him
out
of
Wales
,
his
native
Country
,
but
Infamy
and
an
ignoble
Extraction
;
he
was
first
a
Robber
,
and
for
his
excessive
wickedness
preferred
to
be
a
Colonel
,
he
married
Cromwel's
Sister
,
who
then
enriched
his
Relations
with
the
Spoils
of
the
Commonwealth
:
nor
was
he
less
related
to
Oliver
by
Affinity
than
Villany
;
and
to
many
men
prejudicial
by
his
ill
nature
.
Scot
sprung
out
of
a
Brew-house
,
and
amongst
other
Calamities
of
the
Civil
War
,
was
admitted
into
the
Parliament-house
;
and
of
all
the
Traytors
perhaps
,
was
the
most
inveterate
Enemy
to
Charles
the
Martyr
,
of
which
Villany
he
bragg'd
to
the
last
:
and
so
rejoyced
in
the
Kings
Murder
,
that
he
would
have
Posterity
remember
him
as
an
Author
of
so
great
a
Crime
;
and
besides
the
murder
of
the
King
,
was
guilty
of
many
other
horrid
Villanies
.
Of
all
the
Regicides
that
surrendred
themselves
,
Scroop
onely
was
hanged
:
for
whether
by
indiscretion
,
or
obstinacy
,
he
drew
upon
himself
this
ill
fortune
;
or
that
a
mans
destiny
is
not
to
be
avoided
,
I
shall
not
determine
:
for
after
that
he
had
surrendred
himself
,
he
seemed
so
much
to
justifie
the
Murder
of
the
King
,
that
he
chose
rather
to
be
looked
upon
as
a
Criminal
than
an
humble
Supplicant
.
Then
Hacker
and
Axtell
at
Tyburn
had
the
reward
of
their
Treason
.
Hacker
formerly
in
London
,
Hacker
and
Axtell
hang'd
at
Tyburn
.
Octob.
19.
and
Axtell
in
Bedford
,
had
kept
shops
.
The
Quarters
of
the
Traytors
,
(
their
Bowels
being
burnt
)
and
their
Heads
were
set
up
upon
the
Gates
and
publick
places
of
London
.
The
fugitive
Regicides
being
summoned
by
Proclamation
to
appear
,
The
punishment
of
the
fugitive
Regicides
.
were
afterwards
by
Act
of
Parliament
declared
guilty
of
High-Treason
,
and
their
Estates
forfeited
.
Nor
did
the
just
severity
of
the
Parliament
so
punish
the
living
,
as
to
quite
forget
the
dead
:
for
the
like
Sentence
of
High-Treason
was
pronounced
against
the
deceased
Ireton
,
Cromwel
,
Bradshaw
,
The
bones
of
the
deceased
raised
and
buried
under
Tyburn
.
Jan.
30.
1660
,
61.
and
Pride
;
who
having
,
whilst
alive
,
usurped
the
Government
of
the
murdered
King
,
they
with
no
less
impudence
,
when
dead
,
were
pompously
buried
in
Henry
the
Seventh's
Chappel
,
the
burying-place
of
Kings
of
England
.
The
Parliament
therefore
ordered
their
Bones
and
stinking
Carcasses
to
be
raised
and
buried
under
Tyburn
;
and
in
this
posthumous
disgrace
being
dragg'd
through
the
City
,
they
had
a
Gibbet-interment
.
I
think
it
will
not
be
amiss
to
give
the
Reader
an
account
of
the
Original
of
the
last
named
Traytors
,
so
famed
for
enormous
Villanies
;
which
here
I
shall
once
for
all
subjoyn
.
Ireton
of
a
mean
Extraction
,
Ireton
's
Character
.
was
Cromwel's
Son-in-law
,
and
the
Confident
and
Counsellor
of
all
his
secret
Villanies
;
who
,
though
to
all
others
he
was
most
hidden
and
reserved
,
yet
to
this
man
he
opened
his
heart
;
as
he
on
the
other
hand
was
reported
not
onely
to
have
kept
his
Counsels
,
but
also
to
have
advised
him
to
act
many
of
his
worst
Villanies
.
He
was
esteemed
the
best
Orator
of
all
the
Colonels
,
and
had
a
canting
kind
of
preaching
Rhetorick
,
more
copious
than
eloquent
.
Of
Pride
.
Pride
descended
of
unknown
Parents
,
and
was
Dray-man
to
a
Brewer
;
but
within
a
short
time
,
the
affairs
of
England
being
in
confusion
,
the
rough-hewn
Clown
was
dignified
and
made
proud
by
the
Title
and
Authority
of
a
Colonel
:
nor
is
it
certain
whether
he
was
the
greater
Knave
or
Fool.
And
Bradshaw
Bradshaw
was
of
the
fatal
High
Court
of
Justice
,
the
more
fatal
President
,
a
Lawyer
of
no
account
at
the
Bar
,
till
being
bribed
by
money
,
he
got
himself
a
name
by
a
most
execrable
Villany
.
The
Scarletrobed
Brauler
,
and
hardly
more
innocent
than
Pilate
,
surpassed
the
wickedness
of
all
the
rest
of
the
Kings
Murderers
,
by
his
boldness
in
condemning
an
innocent
Prince
,
and
adding
malicious
scoffs
to
the
impudence
of
the
Fact
,
without
any
Reverence
to
Captive
Majesty
.
The
Original
of
Cromwel
.
Cromwel
indeed
came
of
a
better
Race
,
but
which
he
himself
for
ever
disgraced
.
The
ancient
dignity
of
his
Family
by
the
name
of
Williams
,
changed
afterward
by
his
Ancestors
,
in
the
time
of
Henry
the
Eighth
,
to
that
of
Cromwel
,
had
its
original
from
a
Blacksmith
.
And
his
Manners
.
Catalin
luxuria
primum
,
hinc
conflata
egestas
,
in
nefaria
concilia
opprimendae
Patriae
compulêre
.
Flor.
l.
4.
His
Youth
was
loose
,
infamous
and
debauched
;
but
having
run
out
his
Estate
,
and
from
a
prodigal
Rogue
turning
Puritan
,
and
then
Fanatick
,
like
another
Cataline
,
incited
by
Beggary
,
he
ventured
upon
the
overthrow
of
the
State
.
Bearing
a
mind
above
a
private
condition
,
he
still
appeared
as
a
private
person
,
and
had
the
art
to
set
himself
off
undiscerned
:
He
had
a
wonderful
dexterity
amongst
the
Fanatick
Rout
,
(
in
whose
opprobrious
friendship
he
chiefly
delighted
)
of
winning
upon
the
minds
of
the
Rebels
,
shaking
his
bald
pate
,
and
smiling
with
a
deceitful
Countenance
;
he
was
by
Nature
and
Art
excellently
disposed
for
alluring
the
affections
of
the
Dissenters
;
nor
do
I
know
whether
amongst
mortal
men
there
was
even
a
cunniner
Artist
in
pretended
Piety
,
a
wickeder
or
more
crafty
man
,
and
bolder
in
attempting
any
Villany
.
But
by
what
deceitful
grinning
Arts
having
overturned
the
Parliament
,
and
murdered
the
King
,
he
raised
himself
to
Supreme
Power
;
many
great
Wits
and
able
Pens
have
already
described
:
Much
he
did
in
War
,
but
more
by
Perfidiousness
,
Hypocrisie
,
Perjury
,
and
Falshood
.
More
cruel
he
was
than
the
ancient
Tyrants
,
whose
Manners
and
Examples
he
imitated
:
with
Tiberius
he
was
subtile
and
suspicacious
,
He
had
a
crafty
disposition
with
a
jealous
head
,
Tacit.
Annab
.
l.
1.
p.
4.
and
delighted
in
none
of
his
Virtues
so
much
as
in
Dissimulation
;
more
easily
concealing
Hatred
than
Fear
.
Nero
he
acted
in
the
slaughter
of
his
best
Country-men
,
nor
was
he
unlike
him
in
driving
a
Coach
.
His
Countenance
carried
the
bloudy
complexion
of
Domitian
,
In
vitâ
Agricolae
.
and
a
redness
that
fortified
him
against
Blushing
.
But
that
he
might
not
onely
appear
famous
through
Crimes
and
Villanies
,
by
intervals
he
made
a
shew
of
some
great
actions
;
not
from
a
principle
of
Goodness
,
but
Ambition
;
nor
out
of
love
to
Virtue
,
but
Vanity
,
and
future
Glory
.
This
alone
was
wanting
to
his
fortune
and
our
slavery
,
that
he
had
neither
a
Son
nor
Successour
able
to
match
him
.
Pity
it
was
that
that
bold
Orator
,
Milton
.
or
rather
Bagpiper
,
was
out
of
the
way
at
the
shameful
Obsequies
of
the
Traytors
,
that
the
same
hand
which
(
reproaching
all
Kings
in
Latin
)
vindicated
the
Party
,
and
justified
in
writing
the
Crimes
of
the
Parricides
,
now
might
,
though
a
surley
lookt
School-master
,
have
either
made
a
Funeral-Oration
for
the
deceased
,
or
sung
their
Praises
in
hanging
Elegies
;
his
Poetry
surpassing
his
Oratory
,
especially
when
he
treated
of
such
monstrous
subjects
.
Strangers
may
perhaps
wonder
,
and
no
less
our
Posterity
at
home
,
that
such
base
and
contemptible
fellows
,
many
of
them
Brewers
,
others
who
drank
as
they
had
brewed
,
and
spent
their
Estates
;
and
some
again
whose
ignominious
Poverty
was
a
scandal
to
the
Nation
,
should
overturn
the
flourishing
state
of
England
,
and
get
to
the
top
of
Authority
and
Government
.
Would
we
know
the
cause
of
it
?
These
were
the
Spoils
,
and
these
the
Trophies
of
Heresie
;
which
taking
its
rise
from
the
Sermonizing
Presbyterian
Ministers
,
increased
by
the
Independants
,
hurried
on
by
the
Kennel
of
all
the
Sectarians
,
and
by
a
kind
of
flying
Contagion
spread
over
all
the
Forces
,
could
not
be
stopt
till
they
had
shed
the
Royal
Bloud
,
subverted
the
Parliament
,
and
made
one
ruinous
heap
of
all
good
Subjects
.
Mary
Princess
of
Orange
came
into
England
Sept.
23.
She
died
at
London
.
Dec.
24.
Some
time
before
,
(
September
the
twenty
third
)
the
Princess
of
Orange
was
come
into
her
Native
Country
,
more
fatal
to
her
than
a
foreign
Land
,
to
congratulate
his
Majesties
return
;
but
falling
sick
of
the
Small
Pox
at
London
,
on
Christmas-Eve
she
died
,
being
snatched
away
amidst
the
Triumphs
and
fresh
Lawrels
of
her
Brother
Charles
,
she
onely
shared
in
the
adverse
fortune
of
her
Family
,
and
renewed
the
Mourning
wherein
the
Court
still
was
for
the
untimely
death
of
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
.
1661.
I
shall
begin
the
year
with
the
Solemnities
of
the
Coronation
of
King
Charles
.
On
the
two
and
twentieth
of
May
,
The
Solemnities
of
the
K.'s
Coronation
.
the
King
from
the
Tower
of
London
,
as
the
custom
is
at
the
Coronation
of
our
Kings
,
passed
through
the
City
;
where
in
honour
of
so
great
a
Solemnity
,
the
Citizens
of
London
,
in
the
more
eminent
places
of
the
streets
,
erected
four
Triumphal
Arches
of
a
vast
height
and
bigness
;
elaborate
Pieces
of
Art
,
and
exquisite
Engines
of
Pomp
,
bearing
Inscriptions
and
Devices
,
and
adorned
with
Painting
and
gilding
.
The
first
Arch
bore
in
its
Frontispice
the
Triumph
of
Charles
upon
his
return
,
Triumphal
Arches
.
The
First
.
To
CHARLES
the
II.
By
the
grace
of
G.
K.
of
G.
Brit.
To
the
Best
and
Greatest
,
And
ever
most
Venerable
,
Ever
most
August
;
The
most
Happy
&
most
Pious
,
Who
was
born
for
our
Good
,
Who
of
his
Native
Britain
,
And
of
Mankind
in
general
,
Has
deserved
most
:
To
the
Father
of
our
Country
,
The
Extinguisher
of
Tyranny
,
The
Restorer
of
our
Liberty
,
The
Founder
of
our
Quiet
,
In
memory
of
his
happy
And
long-desired
Restitution
,
We
Willingly
and
Joyfully
Have
placed
this
.
S.
P.
Q.
L.
CAROLO
II.
D.
G.
Britanniarum
Imp.
Optim
.
Maxim
.
Vbique
Venerando
,
Semper
Aug.
Beatissimo
,
&
Piissimo
.
Bono
Reip.
Nato
,
De
Avitâ
Britan.
De
omnium
Hominum
genere
Meritissimo
P.
P.
Extinctori
Tyrannidis
,
Restitutori
Libertatis
,
Fundatori
Quietis
,
Ob
Faelicem
Reditum
,
Ex
voto
L.
M.
P.
S.
P.
Q.
L.
The
second
being
a
Naval
,
bore
this
Inscription
:
The
Second
.
To
the
British
Neptune
,
CHARLES
the
II.
By
whose
Authority
The
Sea
Is
free
or
restrain'd
.
NEPTVNO
Britannico
,
CAROLO
II.
Cujus
Arbitrio
Mare
Vel
Liberum
,
vel
Clausum
.
The
Third
.
The
third
placed
in
the
middle
of
the
City
,
represented
the
Temple
of
Concord
,
with
this
Inscription
.
The
Temple
of
CONCORD
,
Erected
in
honour
of
the
best
of
Princes
,
By
whose
return
The
British
Sea
and
Land
being
appeas'd
,
and
By
its
ancient
Laws
reform'd
;
He
has
restored
,
Enlarged
and
adorned
it
.
S.
P.
Q.
L.
Aedem
CONCORDIAE
,
In
Honorem
Optimi
Principis
,
Cujus
Adventu
Britannia
Terrâ
Marique
Pacata
,
Et
Priscis
Legibus
Reformata
est
,
Ampliorem
Splendidioremque
Restituit
.
S.
P.
Q.
L.
The
Fourth
.
The
last
exhibited
the
Garden
of
Plenty
and
Cornucopia's
with
the
Statues
of
Bac●bus
,
Ceres
,
Flora
,
and
Pomana
,
with
this
Inscription
:
To
Plenty
,
and
to
Augustus
.
The
fire
of
Civil
War
Being
Extinguished
,
And
the
Temple
of
War
shut
,
This
Lofty
Altar
Was
built
by
the
S.
A.
P.
O.
L.
VBERTATI
Aug.
Extincto
Belli
Civilis
Incendio
,
Clausoque
Jani
Templo
,
Aram
Celsiss
.
Construxit
S.
P.
Q.
L.
Under
all
these
,
the
King
rode
on
horse-back
streight
to
his
Palace
in
a
triumphant
manner
with
Trumpets
,
Musick
,
and
the
joyful
Acclamations
of
the
People
,
being
attended
by
the
Nobility
,
his
Majesties
Ministers
and
Servants
,
the
Heralds
,
Kings
at
Arms
,
the
Kings
Judges
,
and
Knights
of
the
Bath
.
The
solemnity
of
this
day
,
The
King
crowned
at
Westminster
.
April
23.
though
it
was
not
so
great
in
the
number
of
Attendents
,
yet
in
richness
and
splendour
of
Cloaths
and
Arms
,
it
surpassed
the
triumphant
Entry
of
the
King
upon
his
return
.
Next
morning
the
King
was
in
great
pomp
conducted
to
Westminster-Abbey
,
where
in
his
Imperial
Robes
,
the
Prelates
in
their
Myters
,
and
the
Nobles
in
their
Parliament-Robes
,
conducted
him
to
his
Throne
,
and
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
anointed
him
with
the
sacred
Oyl
.
Afterwards
all
the
ancient
and
usual
Ceremonies
upon
such
occasions
were
performed
.
¶
The
Author
of
this
History
designing
the
utmost
brevity
,
hath
not
mentioned
any
of
these
Ceremonies
;
but
Mr.
Philips
in
his
Continuation
of
Dr.
Richard
Baker's
Chronicle
,
has
very
exactly
set
forth
all
the
Rituals
then
used
,
but
hath
omitted
the
Coronation-Oath
,
and
onely
given
an
Epitom
of
it
;
and
there
having
of
late
years
been
strange
Pretences
raised
upon
the
account
of
this
Oath
,
it
is
thought
fit
to
insert
the
same
here
,
from
Mr.
Sanderson's
History
of
Charles
the
First
,
with
that
variety
of
Circumstances
which
were
used
in
the
Coronation
here
mentioned
,
expressed
by
Mr.
Philips
.
Coronation-Oath
.
SIR
,
(
said
the
Bishop
of
London
)
will
you
grant
and
keep
,
and
by
your
Oath
confirm
to
the
People
of
England
,
the
Laws
and
Customs
to
them
granted
by
the
Kings
of
England
,
your
Lawful
and
Religious
Predecessors
;
and
namely
,
the
Laws
,
Customs
,
and
Franchises
,
granted
to
the
Clergie
by
the
Glorious
King
St.
Edward
your
Predecessor
,
according
to
the
Laws
of
God
,
the
true
Profession
of
the
Gospel
established
in
this
Kingdom
,
agreeable
to
the
Prerogative
of
the
Kings
thereof
,
and
the
ancient
Customs
of
the
Realm
?
The
King's
Answer
,
I
grant
and
promise
to
keep
them
.
Bishop
.
Sir
,
Will
you
keep
Peace
and
goodly
Agreement
(
according
to
your
power
)
both
to
God
,
the
holy
Church
,
the
Clergie
,
and
the
People
?
King
.
I
will
keep
it
.
Bishop
.
Sir
,
Will
you
(
to
your
power
)
cause
Law
,
Justice
,
and
Discretion
,
with
Mercy
and
Truth
,
to
be
executed
,
to
your
Judgment
?
King
.
I
will
.
Bishop
.
Sir
,
Will
you
grant
to
hold
and
keep
the
Laws
and
rightful
Customs
which
the
Commonalty
of
this
Kingdom
have
;
and
will
you
defend
and
uphold
them
to
the
honour
of
God
,
so
much
as
in
you
lieth
?
King
.
I
grant
and
promise
so
to
do
.
Then
the
Bishop
of
Rochester
read
this
Admonition
to
the
King
,
before
the
People
with
a
loud
voice
.
Our
Lord
and
King
,
we
beseech
you
to
pardon
,
and
to
grant
and
to
preserve
unto
us
,
and
to
the
Churches
committed
to
your
charge
,
all
Canonical
Priviledges
,
and
do
Law
and
Justice
,
and
that
you
would
protect
and
defend
us
,
as
every
good
King
to
his
Kingdoms
ought
to
be
Protector
and
Defender
of
the
Bishops
,
and
the
Churches
under
their
government
?
The
King
answered
,
With
a
willing
and
devout
heart
,
I
promise
and
grant
my
Pardon
,
and
that
I
will
preserve
and
maintain
to
you
,
and
the
Churches
committed
to
your
charge
,
all
Canonical
Priviledges
and
due
Law
and
Justice
,
and
that
I
will
be
your
Protector
and
Defender
to
my
power
by
the
assistance
of
God
,
as
every
good
King
in
his
Kingdom
in
right
ought
to
protect
and
defend
the
Bishops
and
Churches
under
their
government
.
Then
the
King
arose
,
and
was
led
by
the
Bishops
of
Duresme
and
Bath
and
Wells
,
to
the
Communion-Table
,
where
he
made
a
solemn
Oath
in
sight
of
all
the
People
,
to
observe
the
Premises
;
and
laying
his
hand
upon
the
Bible
,
said
,
The
OATH
.
The
things
which
I
have
here
promised
,
I
shall
perform
and
keep
:
So
help
me
God
,
and
the
Contents
of
this
Book
.
On
the
eighth
of
May
a
new
Parliament
met
,
which
continued
many
years
.
A
new
Parl.
May
8.
The
traiterous
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
is
condemned
&
burnt
.
Since
,
the
year
before
the
Regicides
had
been
brought
to
condign
punishment
,
the
three
Estates
of
Parliament
,
now
condemned
to
the
flames
,
the
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
,
the
Bond
of
the
English
and
Scottish
Conspiracy
,
and
Sacrament
of
the
Presbyterian
Villany
.
The
same
was
done
by
the
Parliament
of
Scotland
and
Ireland
;
and
that
which
had
raised
a
Civil
Combustion
,
and
propagated
the
same
all
over
Britain
and
Ireland
,
is
now
burnt
by
the
hand
of
the
Hangman
,
and
by
its
own
ashes
expiated
at
length
the
wickedness
of
three
Nations
.
The
punishment
of
Mouson
,
Mildmay
,
and
Wallop
.
Jan.
27.
1661
,
62.
This
year
was
concluded
,
or
the
new
begun
,
by
the
further
punishment
of
Regicides
:
For
by
Order
of
Parliament
,
Mouson
,
an
upstart
Lord
,
Sir
Henry
Mildmay
,
heretofore
Keeper
of
the
Jewels
to
the
late
King
,
and
therefore
the
more
criminal
,
and
Robert
Wallop
,
on
the
seven
and
twentieth
of
January
,
the
day
whereon
the
blessed
King
had
been
condemned
;
were
in
Hurdles
,
with
Halters
about
their
necks
,
dragged
to
Tyburn
and
back
again
to
Town
,
being
sentenced
to
perpetual
imprisonment
.
It
was
sufficiently
made
out
that
they
had
been
Members
of
that
execrable
High
Court
of
Justice
;
but
because
they
had
not
signed
the
Warrant
for
the
Kings
execution
,
they
were
onely
punished
by
Bonds
and
Imprisonment
.
Hazelrigg
in
the
mean
time
,
one
of
the
bitterest
of
all
the
Traytors
,
being
sentenced
to
the
same
punishment
,
pined
away
with
anger
and
grief
,
and
unable
to
bare
his
disgrace
,
prevented
the
dishonour
and
his
captivity
by
a
timely
death
in
the
Tower
of
London
.
The
Traytors
that
came
in
:
The
same
punishment
was
inflicted
upon
the
Traytors
who
(
as
we
said
before
)
came
in
upon
the
Kings
Proclamation
:
For
being
brought
to
the
Bar
,
1662.
because
waving
all
defence
,
Hard.
Waller
,
●eveningham
,
Marten
,
Jam.
Temple
,
Wayte
,
Tichburn
,
Lilburn
,
Downs
,
Penningt
.
Smith
,
Garland
,
Geo.
Fleetwood
,
Roe
,
Millingt
.
Meyn
,
Peter
Temple
,
Harvey
&
Potter
.
they
humbly
acknowledged
their
Crime
,
and
that
they
were
a
Crew
,
most
part
of
them
,
of
silly
seduced
Rascals
,
drawn
in
either
by
the
arts
or
threatnings
of
Cromwel
:
they
redeemed
their
necks
from
the
Gallows
,
which
they
had
so
often
deserved
,
by
a
perpetual
imprisonment
;
to
which
being
closely
confined
,
they
lived
to
see
their
Villany
punished
by
Infamy
.
But
fortune
was
more
favourable
to
the
Traytors
that
came
in
at
home
,
than
to
those
who
fled
abroad
:
for
about
that
time
Sir
George
Downing
being
Embassadour
in
Holland
,
had
intelligence
that
three
of
the
Fugitive
Regicides
,
Barkstead
,
Okey
,
Barkstead
,
Okey
,
and
Corbet
taken
.
and
Corbet
,
being
come
back
out
of
Germany
,
lurked
in
Delf
.
He
therefore
having
obtained
a
Warrant
from
the
States
General
,
seized
them
,
and
sent
them
over
to
England
;
where
being
brought
to
a
tryal
,
Were
hanged
at
Tyburn
.
April
19.
they
were
condemned
for
High-Treason
,
and
April
the
nineteenth
executed
at
Tyburn
.
They
went
all
to
death
with
a
fanatical
ostentation
of
Piety
.
But
Barkstead
and
Corbet
approaching
to
their
end
,
after
many
ugly
delays
,
and
cups
of
Strong-waters
,
unwillingly
put
their
trembling
necks
into
the
Halter
,
which
quickly
put
an
end
to
the
Wretches
,
half
dead
already
for
fear
.
But
Okey
being
a
man
of
an
undaunted
mind
,
and
making
use
of
his
courage
to
the
last
,
went
off
with
the
bravoury
of
a
Souldier
,
and
not
undecently
,
had
he
so
died
for
his
Country
.
Corbet
was
heretofore
an
inspired
prating
Lawyer
,
more
skilful
in
the
Principles
of
Fanaticks
,
Corbet
's
Character
.
than
in
the
Laws
;
he
got
to
be
a
Member
of
that
long
and
black
Parliament
,
and
no
man
was
more
professedly
an
implacable
Enemy
to
the
King
.
The
low
extraction
of
Okey
is
buried
in
obscurity
.
Being
a
Tallow-chandler
in
London
,
Okey
'
s.
and
weary
of
his
poor
condition
,
he
followed
the
profitable
Wars
of
the
Parliament
;
where
his
daringness
advanced
him
to
the
place
of
a
Colonel
,
and
at
length
to
be
one
of
the
chief
Judges
in
trying
and
sentencing
the
King
.
And
Barkstead
'
s.
Barkstead
was
heretofore
a
whifling
Goldsmith
in
London
,
and
had
raised
himself
upon
the
Ruines
of
his
Country
:
But
those
who
knew
the
cunning
of
Oliver
in
chusing
his
Magistrates
,
wondered
that
he
preferred
so
silly
and
idle
a
fellow
,
even
to
be
a
Colonel
,
and
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
of
London
,
besides
other
Offices
.
But
that
kind
of
stupid
fierceness
was
more
useful
to
Cromwel
than
the
cunninger
knavery
of
others
:
for
the
Tyrant
himself
for
the
most
part
looked
another
way
,
and
commanded
the
Villanies
which
he
would
not
behold
;
so
that
this
fellow
,
no
doubt
,
was
privy
to
the
furious
Councils
of
Cromwel
,
and
a
trusty
Minister
of
his
Protectoral
Cruelty
:
And
so
long
as
he
was
chief
Jaylor
to
Oliver
,
the
barbarous
Villain
was
never
startled
at
the
sight
of
the
Murders
and
Imprisonments
of
so
many
Nobles
and
worthy
Subjects
.
His
head
was
set
upon
a
Gate
of
the
Tower
,
whereof
heretofore
he
had
been
Governour
,
that
upon
the
same
Stage
where
he
acted
his
greatest
Crimes
,
he
might
suffer
his
greatest
Punishment
.
The
vanity
of
the
Regicides
even
to
the
last
.
The
first
Prodigy
of
the
Regicides
was
their
matchless
impudence
in
putting
to
death
the
King
;
and
their
next
,
their
obstinacy
to
the
last
.
For
when
they
had
murdered
the
best
of
Kings
,
to
the
shame
of
Christianity
,
the
infamy
of
the
Reformation
,
and
the
universal
reproach
and
malediction
of
Fanatick
Zeal
;
these
godly
Regicides
were
ashamed
,
when
Treason
stuck
in
their
breasts
,
to
confess
their
hypocritical
pretending
Religion
,
even
at
the
last
gasp
.
Nay
,
their
Godliness
made
them
so
impudent
,
as
rather
to
know
themselves
guilty
and
deny
it
,
to
save
their
reputation
amongst
their
Brethren
,
than
humbly
and
modestly
to
acknowledge
their
Crimes
.
The
Authority
of
Parliament
was
the
onely
thing
that
all
of
them
alleadged
to
justifie
their
Parricide
,
And
the
cause
of
it
.
as
if
a
Gang
of
fifty
Robbers
(
who
had
so
often
violated
that
Authority
)
had
been
worthy
of
that
name
,
when
there
was
neither
the
colour
nor
resemblance
of
a
House
of
Commons
left
.
Nec
color
Imperii
,
nec
frons
fuit
illa
Senatûs
.
But
since
they
could
live
no
longer
to
do
mischief
,
their
whole
care
was
at
their
death
to
harden
the
minds
of
their
Party
by
a
fanatical
assertation
of
dying
good
men
:
when
it
was
rather
the
highest
Judgment
of
an
offended
God
,
to
let
them
fill
up
the
Cup
of
their
bold
Indignities
by
a
desperate
end
.
It
was
time
now
for
the
King
,
The
K.
Think●
of
Marriage
.
who
was
a
Batchelour
,
to
think
of
Marriage
,
that
he
might
leave
a
Posterity
for
the
future
security
of
his
Kingdom
;
and
therefore
communicating
his
intentions
to
the
Parliament
,
he
addressed
himself
to
the
most
Illustrious
Catharine
Daughter
of
Portugal
,
descended
from
the
ancient
Race
of
the
Family
of
Braganza
;
with
the
universal
Applause
and
Congratulation
of
the
Estates
.
And
a
Fleet
was
sent
to
Portugal
to
bring
over
the
Royal
Bride
;
who
having
had
a
favourable
passage
to
the
English
Coast
,
was
by
his
Royal
Highness
the
Duke
of
York
met
and
saluted
with
Naval
Solemnities
at
the
Isle
of
Wight
.
The
King
received
his
Bride
at
Portsmouth
,
and
was
with
great
Solemnity
,
in
presence
of
many
Nobles
,
there
married
,
the
Office
of
Matrimony
having
been
performed
by
Gilbert
Sheldon
Bishop
of
London
.
The
King
from
thence
conducted
his
Royal
Consort
to
Whitehall
,
He
marries
Catharine
at
Portsmouth
.
May
22.
where
,
after
the
reiterated
festivity
of
the
Royal
Nuptials
,
the
dutiful
Complements
of
the
Great
men
,
and
the
Presents
of
the
Lord
Mayor
and
chief
Citizens
of
London
,
slighting
the
wanton
Pleasures
of
a
Court
,
by
the
innocence
of
her
Manners
,
and
an
exemplary
Piety
of
Life
,
she
consecrated
the
trancient
Delights
of
a
Palace
to
the
severer
Sanctity
of
a
Monastery
.
A
Queen
that
wanted
nothing
to
render
her self
and
us
happy
,
had
she
been
as
fruitful
as
good
.
Sir
Hen.
Vane
brought
to
tryal
.
June
2.
On
the
second
of
June
,
the
last
of
the
Traytors
Sir
Henry
Vane
,
after
a
two
years
imprisonment
,
is
brought
at
length
to
the
Bar
:
where
,
after
he
had
defended
himself
by
shifts
,
and
strained
querks
of
Law
,
rather
than
by
any
colourable
Plea
,
he
is
found
guilty
of
High-Treason
.
The
first
advance
he
made
in
the
career
of
his
Villany
,
was
in
the
death
of
the
Earl
of
Strafford
;
afterwards
being
a
great
Incendiary
in
the
Civil
Wars
,
His
Character
.
and
equally
ungrateful
and
perfidious
to
Charles
the
Martyr
,
he
cherished
and
strengthened
the
Party
of
the
Traytors
:
and
though
more
cautiously
than
innocently
,
he
was
not
present
at
the
Condemnation
of
the
King
;
yet
after
the
Murder
of
Charles
,
he
was
very
active
in
changing
the
Monarchy
into
a
Commonwealth
,
and
in
abolishing
for
ever
the
Government
of
Kings
.
But
at
length
,
when
Cromwel
got
into
the
Supreme
Power
,
being
ill-affected
and
envious
against
all
Government
by
a
single
Person
,
he
was
neglected
and
laid
aside
:
But
when
the
Rump
came
again
into
play
,
with
the
pretences
of
a
Brutus
or
Cassius
,
he
stept
again
to
the
Helm
of
Government
,
and
was
one
of
the
Committee
of
Safety
.
He
was
,
as
to
Religion
,
a
man
of
an
inconstant
and
unsetled
mind
,
who
professedly
hating
the
name
of
a
King
,
was
treacherous
to
Charles
the
First
,
1663.
and
envious
to
Charles
the
Second
.
January
the
fourteenth
,
Beheaded
.
Jan.
14.
1662
,
63.
being
brought
to
a
Scaffold
on
Tower-hill
,
with
a
most
affected
shew
of
a
composed
and
sedate
mind
,
as
the
rest
of
the
Traytors
had
already
done
,
he
insisted
upon
the
Supreme
Authority
of
Parliament
,
and
spake
much
of
the
Presbyterian
Covenant
,
the
Engine
of
all
our
Evils
,
which
heretofore
when
he
was
a
far
more
refined
Heretick
,
he
had
so
often
despised
and
laughed
at
.
And
whilst
he
still
persisted
in
asserting
his
own
innocence
,
not
without
reproaching
his
Judges
,
Sir
John
Robinson
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
,
wanting
patience
to
hear
any
more
,
interrupted
him
.
Being
vexed
at
this
,
like
a
mad
man
,
he
tore
the
written
Speech
that
he
had
in
his
hand
,
and
though
he
had
never
shew'd
great
resolution
amongst
his
Party
,
yet
resolutely
,
or
rather
ragingly
,
he
submitted
to
the
blow
of
the
Executioner
;
and
fell
a
Sacrifice
to
the
Ghost
of
the
Great
Strafford
,
and
to
the
Subverted
Monarchy
.
But
Lambert
,
who
stood
indicted
with
Vane
,
Lambert
is
condemned
;
had
better
luck
,
and
behaved
himself
with
so
much
modesty
in
his
looks
and
words
at
his
tryal
,
that
though
he
suffered
the
Sentence
of
Death
,
as
deserving
the
utmost
Rigour
,
But
obtains
Mercy
from
the
King
.
The
Duke
of
Ormond
goes
Lord
Deputy
into
Ireland
.
July
9.
yet
he
tasted
the
Kings
Mercy
,
and
ransomed
his
Life
by
a
perpetual
Imprisonment
.
About
the
middle
of
Summer
the
Duke
of
Ormond
went
over
to
Ireland
as
Lord
Deputy
of
that
Kingdom
;
there
to
give
as
great
instances
of
Civil
Prudence
,
as
heretofore
he
had
erected
Trophies
of
Military
Glory
during
the
Irish
War
.
The
Parliament
now
sitting
,
The
Ceremonies
and
Rites
of
the
Church
confirmed
by
Parl.
May
29.
the
Convocation
of
the
Clergie
sate
also
;
and
the
Licentiousness
of
Fanatical
Sects
increasing
,
made
the
distressed
Church
look
to
the
King
and
Parliament
for
relief
:
It
was
therefore
enacted
by
the
King
in
Parliament
,
That
the
Sacraments
of
Baptism
and
the
Lords
Supper
,
and
the
publick
Prayers
and
Liturgie
of
the
Church
,
should
be
celebrated
after
the
ancient
manner
of
the
Reformed
Church
of
England
,
the
Fanaticks
on
all
hands
crying
out
against
it
,
and
refusing
to
conform
.
The
licentiousness
of
Fanaticks
.
For
though
they
enjoyed
Impunity
with
the
rewards
of
their
Crimes
,
yet
no
gracious
condescensions
of
the
King
could
oblige
them
.
The
Clemency
of
the
Prince
was
maliciously
interpreted
by
the
Sects
,
and
the
Power
of
this
indulging
Monarch
was
grievous
to
these
Fanaticks
.
Nor
had
the
King
granted
so
much
to
Traytors
,
but
that
they
still
thought
they
might
take
to
themselves
more
;
and
the
brazen-faced
Sectarists
demand
of
the
Son
,
the
same
liberty
of
Religion
which
had
undone
the
Father
.
And
without
any
respect
or
reverence
to
Majesty
and
the
Laws
,
frequent
Conventicles
of
seditious
men
were
kept
:
Meetings
were
to
be
found
everywere
in
Towns
and
Villages
,
and
the
Insolence
of
the
Rabble
growing
greater
by
the
boldness
of
their
Preachers
and
the
Lenity
of
the
King
,
there
was
nothing
but
a
mustering
of
Parties
,
boasting
of
strength
,
and
polling
of
heads
amongst
the
Factious
;
all
which
seemed
to
threaten
imminent
Dangers
.
The
attempt
of
Vennet
the
Cooper
.
The
year
before
,
the
Fifth-monarchy-men
under
Venner
,
raised
the
first
Stirs
amongst
the
Preaching
Rout
;
but
their
Fury
,
like
the
thundering
Rage
of
Marius
of
old
,
Flor.
was
confined
within
the
City
,
and
there
expired
,
the
fiercest
of
the
Traytors
being
killed
upon
the
spot
,
and
others
at
length
brought
to
the
Gallows
.
But
this
year
a
darker
,
and
therefore
more
dangerous
Conspiracy
was
hatched
;
the
same
being
the
cause
of
this
,
as
of
all
other
Plots
,
to
wit
,
a
loose
and
obstinate
licentiousness
in
Religion
.
Many
of
all
Sects
were
concerned
in
it
,
several
Officers
of
Cromwel's
late
disbanded
Army
,
Members
of
the
late
Rump-Parliament
,
and
many
who
were
turned
out
of
the
Kings
and
Churches
Lands
,
which
they
had
heretofore
sacrilegiously
purchased
.
And
a
secret
Committee
at
London
had
the
direction
of
all
their
Councils
and
Actings
.
The
chief
designe
of
their
Villany
,
was
to
kill
the
King
and
Duke
of
York
,
murder
the
Duke
of
Albemarle
,
set
fire
to
the
City
,
seize
the
Tower
of
London
,
rifle
the
Exchequer
;
and
through
the
Bowels
of
the
Nation
,
drive
on
a
new
Fanatical
Government
.
In
the
mean
time
,
Infamous
Libels
are
found
.
to
make
way
to
the
bold
Attempts
of
these
Rascals
,
it
was
resolved
,
that
impudent
Libels
should
be
scattered
about
;
Twine
the
Printer
hang'd
Feb.
24.
1663
,
64.
but
the
Papers
being
seized
at
the
Press
,
the
Printer
was
hanged
,
and
payed
dear
for
his
officious
medling
.
But
the
licentiousness
and
boldness
of
the
Conventiclers
growing
greater
and
greater
daily
,
the
Parl.
made
an
Act
to
put
a
stop
to
the
seditiousness
of
the
People
,
Conventicles
forbidden
by
Act
of
Parl.
commanding
the
doors
of
the
Meeting-houses
to
be
shut
,
or
guarded
by
Souldiers
,
and
imposing
upon
Delinquents
,
for
the
first
fault
a
Fine
;
for
the
second
,
Imprisonment
;
and
for
the
third
,
Banishment
:
that
punishment
might
at
length
restrain
those
whom
Clemency
could
not
gain
.
Nevertheless
,
a
War
with
Holland
breaking
forth
,
and
the
Laws
being
silent
amongst
the
noise
of
Arms
,
the
domestick
Calamity
grew
so
strong
,
that
the
Authority
of
the
Justices
of
the
Peace
not
being
able
to
prevail
against
the
obstinacy
of
the
Rabble
,
the
evil
catched
like
Wild-fire
,
and
all
future
Remedies
seemed
posthumous
and
unseasonable
.
1664.
Complaints
of
the
injuries
of
the
Dutch
.
The
great
injuries
done
by
the
Dutch
to
the
English
Merchants
,
having
for
a
long
time
past
unrevenged
,
did
now
occasion
great
grievances
,
and
complaining
at
London
.
Though
there
was
no
Nation
upon
Earth
whom
the
Dutch
desired
more
for
Friends
and
less
for
Enemies
than
the
English
,
who
in
the
late
War
had
proved
themselves
as
formidable
Enemies
to
the
Hollanders
,
as
heretofore
they
had
been
to
their
Enemies
;
yet
they
unjustly
broke
that
Peace
,
which
some
years
before
they
had
dishonourably
begg'd
of
the
Rump
and
Cromwel
,
(
as
being
necessary
for
their
interest
)
by
humble
Addresses
,
sordid
and
base
compliances
of
their
Embassadours
;
and
had
since
confirmed
by
a
stricter
League
with
King
Charles
the
Second
.
For
to
that
pitch
of
Arrogance
and
Perfidy
was
that
State
of
Fisher-men
,
and
croud
of
crafty
Merchants
,
who
under
the
Title
of
a
Commonwealth
disliked
all
Monarchy
,
raised
,
that
(
besides
the
detaining
of
the
Island
of
Poloron
,
which
they
were
obliged
to
deliver
up
by
the
Articles
of
Peace
)
they
took
a
great
many
English
Ships
upon
the
Coast
of
India
and
Africa
,
What
were
the
injuries
of
the
Dutch
.
and
making
Prize
of
the
Ships
and
Goods
,
made
the
Sea-men
Prisoners
,
and
added
cruelty
and
scoffing
to
their
Injustice
.
They
block
up
many
Ports
of
the
Indies
which
the
English
had
long
possessed
with
Men
of
War
;
and
having
unjustly
intercepted
the
English
Trade
,
they
sold
to
other
Nations
at
home
,
at
the
dear
rates
,
the
Commodities
which
they
had
for
a
small
matter
bought
in
the
Indies
.
They
injure
,
Holmes
,
who
was
Admiral
for
the
King
upon
the
Coast
of
India
and
Africa
,
behaving
himself
modestly
in
his
Commission
,
was
by
those
Dutch
Pirats
,
by
Sea
and
Land
,
whom
neither
the
East
nor
West
could
satisfie
,
contrary
to
the
Law
of
Nations
,
often
fired
upon
.
At
which
,
Holmes
,
a
man
of
a
daring
temper
,
and
unacquainted
with
affronts
,
And
provoke
Holmes
.
being
provoked
,
resolved
to
continue
no
longer
on
the
defensive
part
,
but
to
turn
Aggressour
;
and
therefore
bringing
his
Guns
ashore
,
and
planting
them
on
Batteries
,
he
took
some
of
the
Dutch
Garrisons
,
and
revenged
the
injuries
he
had
received
.
But
with
false
Accusations
they
complain
of
Holmes
,
They
falsly
accuse
him
.
who
had
been
so
often
and
basely
used
by
them
,
to
the
King
,
crying
out
against
him
as
a
Robber
,
and
the
causer
of
a
War
;
as
if
by
making
a
clamour
first
,
they
might
ridiculously
excuse
their
own
Treachery
.
These
and
many
other
Encroachments
of
the
Dutch
so
incensed
the
Parliament
,
The
Parl.
is
moved
at
the
injuries
of
the
Dutch
,
and
address
to
the
King
.
that
they
forthwith
voted
it
necessary
to
revenge
so
many
Injuries
done
to
the
Merchants
,
and
a
considerable
supply
of
money
to
be
given
to
the
King
,
to
carry
on
a
War
,
which
they
judged
safer
than
a
doubtful
and
uncertain
Peace
.
Though
the
King
was
highly
offended
to
hear
of
the
Injuries
done
to
his
Subjects
,
and
concerned
in
honour
to
right
them
;
yet
he
resolved
to
try
other
ways
of
adjusting
matters
,
before
he
came
to
force
of
Arms
;
having
therefore
dispatched
Letters
to
Sir
George
Downing
,
The
King
demands
Reparation
by
his
Embassadour
;
his
Embassadour
at
the
Hague
,
he
demands
a
speedy
reparation
of
the
Injuries
done
to
his
Subjects
from
the
States
.
But
though
the
Kings
demands
were
just
and
lawful
,
But
in
vain
.
yet
it
was
in
vain
to
represent
the
Rapines
of
Dutch
Merchants
to
trafficking
States
,
since
they
who
were
in
Authority
,
and
should
have
punished
these
Abuses
,
reaped
the
profit
of
them
.
But
amongst
these
Clashings
about
Injuries
,
a
new
cause
of
quarrel
,
not
heard
of
till
then
,
happened
,
through
the
treachery
of
the
Dutch
.
For
the
year
before
,
the
States
General
having
been
oppressed
by
the
frequent
Piracies
of
the
Algerines
,
by
Embassadours
made
earnest
application
to
the
King
,
that
joyning
his
Fleet
with
theirs
,
he
would
help
to
revenge
the
Injuries
of
these
Infidels
:
Nor
was
the
King
wanting
to
contribute
to
the
safety
of
his
Subjects
,
and
of
all
Christendom
;
but
sent
Vice-Admiral
Lawson
,
an
expert
Sea-Commander
,
with
a
well-appointed
Fleet
,
to
joyn
and
assist
the
Fleet
commanded
by
de
Ruyter
.
But
whilst
Lawson
was
wholly
taken
up
in
fighting
and
pursuing
the
Pirats
Ships
(
of
which
he
had
sunk
and
burnt
many
)
upon
the
Coast
of
Barbary
,
De
Ruyter
gave
him
the
slip
,
De
Ruyter
's
action
at
Guiny
.
and
by
orders
from
the
States
directed
his
course
to
Guiny
;
where
falling
upon
the
English
who
were
secure
,
and
neither
expected
nor
deserved
any
such
thing
,
he
committed
no
less
Robberies
upon
us
,
than
he
pretended
to
revenge
on
the
Algerines
,
but
with
far
greater
treachery
.
The
news
of
so
base
an
action
being
freshly
brought
to
London
,
so
incensed
all
People
,
that
the
King
highly
offended
,
commanded
all
Dutch
Ships
in
the
Ports
of
England
to
be
stopt
,
and
all
further
Treaties
of
Pacification
being
laid
aside
,
both
sides
prepare
for
a
War
.
The
contumelious
sauciness
of
the
Dutch
.
But
during
the
preludes
of
the
approaching
War
,
the
Dutch
,
a
more
contumelious
than
formidable
Enemy
,
inflamed
the
rage
and
hatred
of
the
English
by
scurrilous
Libels
,
Medals
,
and
many
base
and
satyrical
Pictures
,
according
to
the
innate
insolency
and
barbarous
vanity
of
that
People
.
De
Wit
the
Dutch
Dictator
.
Holland
more
powerful
both
in
Wealth
and
Cunning
,
led
the
rest
of
the
Vnited
Provinces
by
the
nose
;
and
Dewit
Holland
,
a
man
of
a
crafty
and
subtle
Wit
,
malicious
Eloquence
,
and
of
more
reputation
for
cunning
Policy
than
Honesty
.
The
greatness
of
the
Family
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
the
vast
power
of
the
King
of
Great
Britain
by
Sea
,
stood
in
the
way
of
the
Artifices
of
this
arrogant
man
,
and
of
his
own
Holland
.
To
ruine
therefore
the
Prince
and
Family
of
Nassau
,
he
raised
secret
jealousies
against
him
;
His
Character
and
Arts.
and
by
lessening
the
authority
of
Orange
with
the
States
,
he
alone
managed
all
affairs
,
and
under
colour
of
standing
up
for
the
liberty
of
the
Commonwealth
,
ruled
absolutely
at
his
pleasure
;
and
so
confident
of
himself
grew
this
Butter-box
,
that
having
trode
upon
the
Dignity
of
the
Prince
at
home
,
he
thought
that
by
turns
he
might
make
fools
of
all
the
Kings
of
Europe
.
He
hated
the
King
of
Great
Britain
the
more
,
because
he
feared
him
;
and
since
,
through
similitude
of
Manners
,
he
had
been
a
great
friend
to
the
Traytor
Cromwel
,
he
was
therefore
the
more
implacable
Enemy
to
King
Charles
.
Certainly
,
next
to
the
insatiable
Avarice
of
the
Dutch
Nation
,
all
the
hatred
of
that
People
to
the
English
,
is
to
be
attributed
to
Dewit
and
his
Faction
.
To
so
great
an
Arrogance
were
the
Dutch
raised
,
The
confidence
of
the
Dutch
,
and
why
.
that
it
was
given
out
amongst
the
People
,
That
the
affairs
of
England
were
not
in
such
a
posture
,
that
the
Civil
War
of
England
being
just
ended
,
they
had
money
enough
still
to
make
War
abroad
;
nor
that
the
King
was
,
as
yet
,
so
well
seated
in
the
Government
,
that
he
could
revenge
the
Injuries
of
the
Dutch
:
that
it
was
not
safe
for
him
to
trust
Arms
in
the
hands
of
his
Subjects
,
which
afterwards
they
might
be
unwilling
to
lay
down
.
That
the
English
were
not
now
the
same
Enemies
as
the
Dutch
had
found
them
to
be
under
the
Rump-Parliament
;
that
the
warlike
fierceness
of
that
Nation
was
gone
with
the
Sectarians
,
and
that
there
remained
amongst
them
none
but
a
company
of
silly
Cowards
:
That
there
were
a
great
many
Fanaticks
in
England
,
who
perhaps
would
fight
for
the
Dutch
against
the
King
,
or
at
least
would
not
fight
for
him
against
those
who
were
for
liberty
of
Conscience
.
Nor
was
there
wanting
a
great
many
of
our
fugitive
Traytors
amongst
the
Dutch
,
who
made
these
false
reports
to
be
believed
.
The
bloudy
War
which
broke
out
the
year
following
,
was
ushered
in
by
the
taking
of
Ships
on
both
sides
;
Alan's
action
.
and
Alan
with
a
Fleet
of
English
Ships
,
for
securing
the
Merchant-men
,
and
anoying
the
Dutch
in
the
Mediterranean
,
fell
upon
the
Dutch
Smirna-Fleet
in
the
Streights
upon
their
return
homewards
;
and
having
killed
them
many
men
,
sunk
some
Ships
,
Brakell
the
Admiral
of
the
Fleet
being
slain
;
he
took
and
brought
off
four
of
the
Enemies
Ships
,
which
was
the
first
booty
and
glad
Omen
of
the
War
;
but
one
of
them
richly
laden
,
being
much
shattered
and
leaky
,
foundered
in
the
greedy
Sea
.
The
K.
visits
the
Colledge
of
Physicians
of
London
.
April
15.
1665.
Nor
was
the
King
so
wholly
taken
up
with
the
thoughts
of
the
approaching
War
,
but
that
he
also
minded
other
affairs
,
and
his
innocent
diversions
;
he
therefore
on
the
fifteenth
of
April
visited
the
famous
Colledge
of
Physicians
of
London
,
and
was
received
very
honourably
by
the
Doctors
.
There
he
saw
the
Marble
Statue
of
Harvey
the
chief
Pilot
of
the
Blouds
Circulation
;
and
heard
the
President
Ent
,
with
equal
Eloquence
and
Art
,
reading
upon
the
mysteries
of
Anatomy
,
whom
there
he
knighted
:
There
he
saw
the
chief
Physician
Bates
,
renowned
in
the
skill
of
Physick
and
of
Latine
;
and
Fraser
his
chief
Physician
since
;
and
Glisson
,
excellent
in
Medicine
and
Philosophy
;
and
successful
Micklethwait
;
and
much-esteemed
Cox
;
and
Scarborough
,
accomplished
in
all
Natural
Philophy
,
and
no
less
famous
amongst
the
Muses
;
with
Wharton
the
Secretary
of
the
Glandules
;
and
acute
Merret
:
1665.
besides
many
others
eminent
in
the
Art
of
Curing
;
to
whom
at
length
were
associated
,
Willis
the
great
Restorer
of
Medicine
,
but
of
too
short
a
life
,
with
Lower
and
Needham
,
who
have
illustrated
the
Faculty
by
their
Writings
.
And
now
was
the
Royal
Fleet
ready
to
set
sail
,
The
Royal
Fleet
ready
to
put
to
Sea
about
the
end
of
April
.
The
chief
Commanders
,
divided
into
three
Squadrons
,
the
first
commanded
by
the
Duke
of
York
Lord
High
Admiral
of
England
;
the
second
,
by
the
most
Illustrious
Prince
Rupert
;
and
the
third
,
by
the
Earl
of
Sandwich
,
famous
in
Expeditions
at
Sea
.
The
other
Flag-Officers
of
the
Fleet
were
Lawson
and
Alan
,
And
Flag-Officers
.
lately
returned
from
the
Mediterranean
;
Jordan
,
Spragg
,
Smith
,
Meens
,
and
Tiddiman
,
all
famous
Sea-Commanders
.
Many
persons
of
great
Quality
went
Volunteers
to
Sea
;
Volunteers
.
and
though
they
had
no
command
in
the
Fleet
,
yet
they
thought
it
honourable
in
so
just
a
War
to
try
their
fortune
with
the
Duke
of
York
.
The
Fleet
consisted
of
about
an
hundred
Men
of
War
,
The
number
of
Ships
and
men
in
the
Royal
Fleet.
They
set
sai●
April
22.
having
on
board
to
the
number
of
about
thirty
thousand
Sea-men
and
Souldiers
;
and
on
the
two
and
twentieth
of
April
weighed
,
and
with
joyful
Huzza's
,
full
Sails
,
and
flying
Streamers
,
sailed
over
to
the
Coast
of
Holland
,
and
came
to
an
Anchor
before
the
Texel
;
the
Enemy
in
the
mean
while
,
for
all
their
bragging
,
not
daring
to
come
out
.
His
Royal
Highness
in
the
mean
time
,
The
Royal
Fleet
blocks
up
the
Coast
:
in
the
Royal
Fleet
,
rode
Master
of
the
Seas
;
and
many
Dutch
Ships
returning
home
in
sight
of
the
Shore
,
fell
into
the
hands
of
the
English
,
as
Booties
cast
into
their
way
by
Providence
.
But
his
Royal
Highness
,
And
the
Enemy
delaying
to
come
out
,
returns
back
to
the
English
Coast
.
more
desirous
of
Fighting
than
Prey
,
after
he
had
expected
almost
a
month
the
coming
out
of
the
Enemy
upon
their
own
Coast
,
Victuals
and
Provisions
growing
scarce
,
came
back
again
to
the
English
Coast
,
giving
them
opportunity
,
if
they
had
a
mind
to
fight
,
to
come
out
.
The
Dutch
Fleet
comes
out
.
But
now
the
Commanders
of
the
Dutch
Fleet
,
moved
with
the
disgrace
of
being
blocked
up
,
but
more
at
the
Reproaches
and
Execrations
of
the
people
,
use
all
diligence
to
bring
out
their
Ships
.
The
number
&
Commanders
of
it
.
The
Fleet
of
the
States
General
consisted
of
above
an
hundred
sail
of
Men
of
War
,
in
seven
divisions
,
which
were
commanded
by
Opdam
,
Trump
,
Cartener
,
Schramp
,
Stillingwolfe
,
Cornelius
and
John
Evertsons
;
Opdam
in
the
mean
time
being
Admiral
.
But
as
the
Dutch
stood
out
to
Sea
,
a
Fleet
of
English
Merchant-men
coming
from
Hamborough
,
They
take
the
English
Hamborough
Fleet.
in
the
dark
of
the
night
,
by
mistake
,
fell
in
amongst
the
Enemies
:
nor
were
they
sensible
of
their
Captivity
,
till
it
was
too
late
to
flie
for
it
;
and
so
they
payed
dear
for
their
unhappy
and
prohibited
Voyage
.
The
taking
of
the
English
Merchant-men
was
to
the
Enemies
so
joyful
a
presage
of
a
future
Engagement
,
that
directing
their
course
towards
England
,
they
resolved
not
to
expect
the
coming
of
the
English
;
but
,
not
doubting
of
success
,
to
attack
them
in
their
own
Coast
.
His
Royal
Highness
in
the
mean
time
was
at
Anchor
with
his
Fleet
near
Harwich
;
where
so
soon
as
he
was
advertised
by
his
Scouts
that
the
Enemy
approached
,
rejoycing
at
the
long
wished-for
occasion
of
an
Engagement
,
on
the
first
of
June
,
setting
his
Fleet
in
order
with
all
the
expedition
he
could
,
he
steers
directly
against
the
Dutch
.
Next
day
he
came
in
sight
of
the
Enemies
Fleet
:
by
night
they
were
got
near
to
one
another
;
and
on
the
third
of
June
,
with
the
day
,
the
Fight
began
.
A
Sea-fight
,
June
3.
The
Fleet
being
drawn
up
,
undaunted
Prince
Rupert
was
in
the
Van
;
in
the
Body
of
the
Fleet
was
the
Duke
of
York
;
and
the
Earl
of
Sandwich
in
the
Rear
,
an
expert
Commander
at
Sea
;
the
Enemies
Fleet
being
in
order
to
engage
them
.
The
first
shot
that
was
fired
,
was
from
Prince
Rupert's
Squadron
:
And
both
Fleets
,
as
yet
,
fought
with
their
great
Guns
at
a
distance
.
The
English
had
the
wind
;
which
the
Dutch
on
the
other
hand
strove
to
gain
,
it
being
westerly
:
but
whilst
both
Fleets
strive
for
the
wind
,
the
order
of
the
Ships
engaged
changing
,
the
middle
of
the
English
Fleet
came
up
with
the
front
of
the
Enemies
;
and
Lawson
,
who
commanded
the
next
Ship
to
the
Admiral
,
bearing
in
amongst
their
Fleet
,
they
came
by
a
closer
engagement
to
try
the
fate
of
both
Nations
.
By
and
by
the
Admirals
of
both
Fleets
by
chance
engaged
together
.
There
was
great
slaughter
on
both
sides
,
and
it
was
a
bloudy
Victory
to
his
Royal
Highness
:
for
whether
by
carelesness
or
our
shot
,
fire
got
into
the
Powder-Room
,
Opdam's
ship
blown
up
.
and
presently
blew
up
Opdam's
Ship
.
He
flying
up
into
the
Air
,
prevented
a
shameful
flight
with
his
Fleet
;
and
falling
again
into
the
Sea
,
—
Animam
morti
non
redidit
uni
.
Resigned
his
life
to
several
deaths
.
The
loss
of
the
Admiral
was
attended
with
the
overthrow
of
his
Fleet
;
and
the
English
redoubling
their
courage
,
bore
in
more
furiously
amongst
the
Enemies
.
But
the
Dutch
Fleet
wanted
both
strength
and
courage
to
continue
the
Engagement
longer
,
The
Dutch
put
to
flight
.
and
with
full
sail
run
for
it
.
Now
it
was
no
more
an
Engagement
,
but
a
Pursuit
,
accompanied
with
slaughter
,
and
the
usual
calamities
of
Fugitives
:
for
four
of
the
Enemies
Ships
,
in
the
haste
and
consternation
of
the
flight
,
falling
foul
of
one
another
,
Dutch
Ships
burnt
.
were
by
an
English
Fire-ship
burnt
all
together
.
Three
more
of
their
Ships
being
afterward
in
the
same
manner
pestered
together
,
were
by
the
next
Fire-ship
likewise
set
on
fire
and
burnt
.
Then
were
many
of
the
Dutch
Ships
taken
,
and
more
sunk
;
nor
was
there
any
end
of
destroying
and
pursuing
,
till
it
was
dark
night
.
The
Pursuit
continued
next
day
with
the
same
vigour
,
and
the
Dutch
fled
with
the
less
shame
,
that
they
had
the
Duke
of
York
to
follow
them
.
This
was
a
famous
Victory
,
nothing
short
of
the
ancient
Atchievements
of
the
English
;
five
thousand
of
the
Enemies
being
killed
or
taken
,
The
Commanders
of
the
Dutch
Fleet
killed
.
and
Opdam
,
Cartener
,
Stillingwolfe
,
and
Stamp
,
the
chief
Commanders
of
the
Dutch
Fleet
,
dying
in
the
Engagement
.
There
were
about
eighteen
Ships
burnt
,
sunk
,
and
taken
.
Many
of
the
Enemies
swimming
in
the
Sea
after
the
Ships
were
burnt
or
sunk
,
his
Royal
Highness
,
who
is
merciful
in
his
anger
,
caused
them
to
be
taken
up
,
having
for
that
purpose
ordered
out
Boats
.
For
why
should
they
die
,
who
hardly
deserved
to
live
?
Volunteers
killed
in
the
English
F●eet
.
It
was
a
greater
than
joyful
Victory
to
the
English
,
the
flower
of
the
Honorary
Volunteers
being
slain
:
Just
by
the
Duke
fell
the
Earls
of
Portland
and
Fulmouth
,
the
Lord
Mufcarrey
,
and
a
Warlike
Youth
the
Son
of
the
Earl
of
Burlington
,
who
joyfully
sacrificed
their
lives
to
the
Honour
of
their
Country
,
and
to
that
Victory
wherein
they
had
the
Duke
of
York
for
a
Witness
of
their
Valour
,
and
a
Bewailer
of
their
Destiny
.
The
valiant
Earl
of
Malborough
,
and
Rear-Admiral
Sanson
,
died
also
in
the
Bed
of
Honour
.
Lawson
dies
.
Lawson
being
wounded
in
the
thigh
,
six
weeks
after
died
with
Honour
and
Reputation
:
And
though
being
in
a
dying
condition
,
he
could
not
make
use
of
the
Triumphant
Victory
to
which
he
had
largely
contributed
,
yet
he
tasted
of
the
pleasure
of
it
.
There
were
not
many
killed
nor
slain
,
and
onely
one
Ship
lost
.
And
thus
his
Royal
Highness
brought
home
the
Royal
Fleet
loaded
with
Triumph
and
the
Spoils
of
Victory
.
And
whilst
the
States
of
the
Vnited
Provinces
were
taken
up
in
punishing
the
cowardise
of
Commanders
,
King
Charles
in
the
mean
time
conferred
Honours
upon
his
deserving
Officers
;
and
knighted
Alan
,
Smith
,
Jordan
,
Meens
,
Tiddeman
,
and
Spragg
,
for
their
brave
and
good
services
.
The
Dutch
Fleet
,
in
the
mean
time
fighting
ill
,
De
Ruyter
is
abroad
at
Piracy
.
having
been
soundly-beaten
,
De
Ruyter
in
his
Piracies
abroad
had
somewhat
better
fortune
.
After
the
action
at
Guiny
he
attempted
other
English
Islands
in
America
.
From
Barbadoes
,
Attempts
Barbadoes
.
April
20.
an
Island
well
fortified
and
defended
,
he
was
repulsed
with
disgrace
.
From
thence
sailing
to
New-found-land
,
and
having
easily
mastered
it
,
he
made
prize
of
all
he
found
there
;
Spoils
New-found-land
.
and
having
cruelly
used
the
Inhabitants
,
plundered
them
of
all
,
and
wasted
the
Island
,
he
returned
home
.
Upon
his
return
he
was
immediately
from
a
Pirat
advanced
to
be
Admiral
,
Is
made
Admiral
.
being
the
onely
person
judged
worthy
to
succeed
Opdam
in
the
command
of
the
Navy
.
But
for
this
year
the
Dutch
were
sufficiently
cowed
,
as
no
more
to
fight
the
Victorious
English
by
Sea
.
Wherefore
the
Duke
of
York
,
who
liked
better
to
overcome
than
to
spoil
his
Enemies
,
seeing
there
was
no
hopes
of
any
farther
Engagement
,
spent
the
remaining
part
of
the
year
on
shoar
.
But
Sandwich
being
made
Admiral
of
the
Royal
Fleet
,
set
sail
again
towards
the
Coast
of
Holland
,
The
Earl
of
Sandwich
braves
the
Dutch
.
and
offered
,
though
in
vain
,
a
second
Engagement
;
but
the
Enemy
could
not
be
overcome
,
till
they
were
found
.
The
States
in
the
mean
time
,
after
their
Fleet
of
War
was
disabled
and
beaten
off
of
the
Sea
,
were
in
no
small
fear
and
apprehension
for
their
East
India
Fleet
,
which
was
upon
the
way
homeward
richly
laden
;
nor
was
the
eagerness
of
the
English
less
,
to
catch
the
Booty
:
But
that
Fleet
having
intelligence
that
Holland
was
blockt
up
by
the
English
,
and
thinking
it
safer
to
shelter
themselves
in
another
Dominion
,
put
into
Bergen
,
a
famous
Harbour
in
Norway
.
The
Royal
Fleet
attacks
the
Dutch
East
India
Fleet
in
Bergen
.
Part
of
the
Royal
Navy
hastened
thither
;
and
sending
five
Frigats
into
the
Harbour
,
they
attacked
the
Dutch
Ships
that
lay
secure
under
the
protection
of
the
Castle
and
shore
;
nor
did
it
seem
difficult
to
have
taken
them
,
had
not
the
English
,
contrary
to
expectation
,
found
another
Army
to
deal
with
,
the
Danes
firing
upon
them
from
the
Castle
.
The
English
,
greedy
of
the
Prey
,
were
a
little
too
rash
in
running
themselves
into
the
danger
of
a
double
Enemy
;
but
their
Valour
made
amends
for
their
boldness
.
A
sharp
Dispute
continued
for
almost
six
hours
,
to
the
vast
damage
of
the
Goods
on
board
the
shattered
and
torn
Ships
;
and
to
no
small
loss
on
our
side
,
especially
from
the
Castle
:
but
at
length
,
after
a
proof
of
great
but
unseasonable
courage
,
to
prevent
greater
loss
and
slaughter
,
the
Fleet
retrea●ed
:
and
seeing
they
could
not
enjoy
the
spoils
of
the
Enemy
,
they
had
the
satisfaction
to
embezile
and
sink
them
,
as
if
they
had
got
,
when
the
Enemy
lost
.
A
Plague
breaks
out
in
London
.
But
amidst
the
Triumphs
of
War
,
the
Joys
of
the
Victorious
English
were
short
and
interrupted
:
for
this
was
a
doleful
year
,
through
the
breaking
out
of
a
raging
Plague
,
not
occasioned
by
an
influx
of
the
Stars
,
nor
the
French
Pox
degenerating
into
a
Contagion
,
as
some
idle
men
dreamt
;
but
as
it
was
more
credibly
reported
,
by
the
infected
Goods
that
were
brought
from
Holland
into
England
:
so
that
when
the
Dutch
Arms
could
not
beat
us
,
their
Contagion
overcame
us
.
After
it
had
by
the
space
of
almost
one
whole
year
,
And
then
rages
over
England
.
raged
in
London
,
and
swept
away
infinite
numbers
of
people
,
it
spread
over
many
other
and
far
distant
Cities
and
Towns
of
England
.
Nor
could
the
Contagion
be
stopt
by
any
humane
arts
or
skill
of
Physicians
,
before
it
had
carried
away
above
two
hundred
thousand
Souls
within
less
than
two
years
time
;
neither
were
the
days
and
nights
long
enough
for
the
dying
to
expire
in
,
nor
Church-yards
big
enough
to
contain
the
bodies
of
the
dead
,
though
they
were
heaped
together
into
Graves
.
The
King
and
Court
leaving
the
desolate
City
,
The
K.
went
to
Oxford
.
removed
to
Oxford
,
as
yet
clear
from
infection
,
and
seated
in
a
wholsome
Air
:
thither
also
went
the
Judges
and
Courts
of
Justice
.
The
Nobility
,
Gentry
,
and
rich
Citizens
,
in
the
mean
time
,
avoiding
all
confluence
of
people
,
lurked
everywhere
in
Country-houses
and
Villages
.
The
onely
persons
of
great
Quality
that
stayed
in
London
,
were
the
Duke
of
Albemarle
and
Earl
of
Craven
;
which
was
both
a
comfort
and
safety
to
the
City
,
in
so
great
a
Desolation
and
Mortality
of
the
Citizens
.
The
Plague
at
length
ceasing
in
London
,
The
K.
returned
to
London
.
Feb.
1.
1665
,
66.
the
earnest
desires
of
the
Citizens
invited
back
the
King
,
who
on
the
first
of
February
returned
from
Oxford
to
London
;
where
the
Bonfires
during
the
night
,
expressed
the
hearty
Joys
of
the
People
,
glad
to
see
their
Prince
,
and
that
he
saw
the
City
now
again
in
health
.
Neighbouring
Nations
as
yet
looked
at
a
distance
upon
the
bloudy
War
betwixt
the
English
and
Dutch
.
But
Louis
the
French
King
,
powerful
in
men
and
money
,
after
he
had
for
some
time
stood
neutral
,
thought
and
hoped
that
the
Dutch
and
we
having
mutually
weakened
and
tired
our selves
out
in
War
,
he
might
have
a
fair
opportunity
to
raise
his
power
at
Sea
,
though
the
genius
of
that
Nation
seems
not
to
be
cut
out
for
that
profession
.
War
proclaimed
in
London
against
the
French
.
Feb.
10.
He
therefore
smoothed
up
the
Dutch
with
promises
of
assisting
them
with
his
Fleet
,
being
willing
that
they
should
have
the
dominion
over
the
Seas
,
whom
he
intended
to
conquer
by
Land
;
and
thereupon
declared
War
against
the
English
,
which
was
reciprocally
proclaimed
in
London
against
the
French
.
In
the
same
condition
we
stood
with
Denmark
,
that
the
triumphs
of
Charles
might
be
the
larger
.
Now
besides
the
Dutch
(
our
Rivals
at
Sea
)
the
English
Valour
alone
,
as
yet
unshaken
,
resisted
the
threatning
French
and
Denmark
then
alied
with
Holland
,
as
was
equal
to
them
all
.
The
affairs
of
England
never
succeeded
better
at
Sea
,
than
under
the
auspicious
conduct
of
his
Royal
Highness
James
Duke
of
York
,
who
always
prefered
the
welfare
of
his
Country
before
his
own
life
;
yet
he
was
dearer
to
the
King
and
Kingdom
,
being
the
second
hopes
of
Britain
,
than
that
his
Princely
person
,
born
to
the
highest
Honours
,
should
be
any
more
exposed
to
so
mean
and
base
an
Enemy
.
1666.
Therefore
in
the
year
one
thousand
six
hundred
and
sixty
six
,
Prince
Rupert
and
the
D.
of
Albemarle
,
Commanders
of
the
Fleet.
The
Prince
is
sent
against
the
French
Fleet.
May
29.
Prince
Rupert
and
the
Duke
of
Albemarle
were
pitched
upon
for
the
command
of
the
Royal
Navy
;
who
going
on
board
equal
in
Power
and
Concord
,
they
put
to
Sea
with
a
Fleet
well
appointed
for
War
:
but
presently
after
,
Prince
Rupert
,
by
Letters
from
the
Privy-Council
,
has
orders
sent
him
in
all
haste
,
with
twenty
good
Frigats
of
the
Fleet
,
and
others
lying
at
Portsmouth
,
to
stand
over
for
the
Coast
of
France
,
and
hinder
the
French
Fleet
from
joyning
the
Dutch
.
I
would
to
God
it
had
not
been
judged
of
such
an
importance
to
make
so
great
an
effort
to
hinder
the
coming
up
of
an
Enemy
,
who
would
not
have
much
injured
us
,
nor
assisted
their
Friends
;
nor
was
there
any
thing
to
be
feared
from
the
French
Fleet
,
after
the
late
overthrow
of
the
Dutch
.
But
they
laying
hold
of
the
opportunity
of
the
English
Fleet
being
divided
,
In
the
mean
time
the
Dutch
Fleet
offers
Albemarle
an
Engagement
:
and
never
fighting
but
by
wiles
,
and
upon
the
advantage
of
number
,
with
fourscore
and
five
Men
of
War
,
attack
the
Royal
Navy
,
now
much
diminished
in
number
.
With
Albemarle
there
were
not
above
fifty
Frigats
;
but
he
being
a
General
without
fear
,
unacquainted
with
flight
,
and
judging
nothing
too
hard
for
his
fortune
,
despised
the
Enemy
,
which
so
far
surpassed
him
,
as
if
they
had
been
inferiour
to
him
in
number
,
so
confident
a
thing
is
Courage
;
And
they
fight
.
June
1.
and
preferring
Glory
before
Safety
,
on
the
first
of
June
,
the
day
being
pretty
far
advanced
,
he
drew
up
his
Fleet
and
bravely
engaged
the
Dutch
.
Here
number
strove
with
Valour
;
but
the
Sea
being
rough
,
the
English
could
not
then
use
their
lower
tire
of
Guns
,
which
never
failed
to
shatter
and
tear
their
Enemies
.
Albemarle
did
great
actions
in
this
Engagement
,
and
everywhere
behaved
himself
bravely
,
being
fearless
amidst
the
thickest
dangers
,
and
bold
to
admiration
;
for
bearing
down
with
his
own
Ship
upon
the
Enemies
main
Fleet
,
he
broke
quite
through
them
,
furiously
firing
on
both
sides
,
till
at
length
having
given
and
received
great
loss
,
and
being
disabled
in
his
Masts
,
Sails
and
Rigging
,
he
bore
off
.
Part
of
the
Royal
Fleet
defended
the
Duke
,
whilst
he
refitted
his
Ship
;
and
the
rest
continued
obstinate
in
the
Engagement
,
till
they
were
parted
by
the
night
.
In
this
Engagement
four
Dutch
Ships
were
burnt
,
and
a
Vice-Admiral
and
another
of
a
less
value
,
sunk
.
And
the
Dutch
took
three
English
Ships
,
who
being
separated
from
the
rest
of
the
Fleet
,
were
engaged
at
a
distance
.
The
Royal
Fleet
in
the
mean
time
suffered
most
in
their
Rigging
and
Tackle
;
but
all
things
by
the
diligence
of
the
Sea-men
being
repaired
in
the
night-time
,
next
morning
,
the
second
of
June
,
Albemarle
having
called
the
Commanders
to
a
Council
of
War
on
board
his
own
Ship
,
spake
to
them
to
this
purpose
:
HAd
we
been
afraid
of
the
double
number
of
the
Enemy
,
we
should
have
ran
for
it
yesterday
;
but
though
we
be
inferiour
to
them
in
Ships
,
in
all
things
else
we
have
the
better
on
't
.
Number
made
the
Dutch
bold
,
and
Courage
us
;
let
us
reflect
upon
that
Fortune
,
upon
that
Valour
which
heretofore
the
Dutch
have
felt
to
their
woful
experience
;
we
have
the
same
Enemy
to
deal
with
,
whom
we
have
so
often
beaten
,
and
made
it
our
custom
so
often
to
overcome
.
Let
our
Adversaries
find
to
day
,
that
though
our
Fleet
be
divided
,
our
Courage
is
entire
;
and
when
we
consider
our
own
Glory
and
ancient
Renown
,
how
much
more
honourable
will
it
be
to
die
not
unrevenged
upon
the
Seas
,
than
to
be
carried
Prisoners
in
our
own
Ships
,
as
a
Spectacle
of
Triumph
to
the
Dutch
?
It
is
less
disgrace
to
be
overcome
than
to
flie
;
and
Death
is
to
be
preferred
before
Fear
.
The
Fight
is
renewed
.
June
2.
The
Fleet
thus
encouraged
,
equally
despising
their
own
safety
,
and
their
too
numerous
Enemy
,
and
being
eager
to
retrieve
their
Honour
,
all
desire
an
Engagement
;
and
Albemarle
,
confident
in
his
own
Valour
,
and
in
the
eagerness
of
his
Souldiers
,
declined
not
the
Fight
;
so
that
both
Fleets
fell
to
it
afresh
,
and
engaged
Pell-mell
.
The
English
,
whose
courage
is
redoubled
by
danger
,
put
the
Enemy
hard
to
it
,
though
they
had
had
a
fresh
supply
of
Ships
,
Men
,
and
Ammunition
from
Holland
.
The
Royal
Fleet
being
incompassed
by
so
many
Dutch
Ships
,
had
nothing
else
to
trust
to
but
to
fight
stoutly
,
and
make
way
for
themselves
in
the
best
manner
they
could
,
till
at
length
many
of
the
English
Ships
,
being
disabled
in
their
Sails
and
Rigging
,
stood
away
,
and
left
the
rest
to
deal
with
and
maul
the
Enemy
.
The
Dutch
sunk
one
Ship
of
the
Royal
Fleet
,
and
we
our selves
destroyed
another
that
could
not
be
brought
off
.
The
Dutch
in
the
mean
time
had
but
one
Vice-Admiral
Ship
burnt
;
and
in
this
days
Engagement
with
so
numerous
an
Enemy
,
it
was
a
harder
thing
for
us
to
keep
our selves
from
being
beaten
,
than
it
was
many
times
heretofore
to
have
overcome
them
.
But
after
that
with
more
than
humane
force
and
courage
they
had
asserted
their
own
Honour
and
the
Glory
of
Britain
,
The
Royal
Fleet
thinks
of
retreating
.
June
3.
lest
they
might
make
that
Engagement
which
the
resolution
of
the
English
had
rendred
famous
,
by
an
inconsiderate
boldness
,
to
be
thought
rash
;
it
was
next
day
resolved
in
a
Council
of
War
,
to
send
off
first
the
disabled
Ships
,
draw
up
the
rest
that
were
in
a
condition
of
fighting
,
which
were
not
above
sixteen
,
to
make
head
against
the
Enemy
,
and
so
to
make
the
safest
retreat
with
the
Fleet
they
could
.
Ashamed
they
were
,
and
no
less
encouraged
at
the
disgrace
,
that
they
who
were
used
to
command
the
Seas
,
should
now
decline
the
Enemy
whom
they
had
so
often
pursued
;
And
Albemarle
stood
on
the
Quarter-deck
,
flying
with
threatning
looks
,
and
terrible
to
the
Enemy
in
his
very
retreat
:
the
boldest
of
whom
that
durst
approach
him
,
with
his
Stern-Guns
he
either
beat
off
or
sunk
;
nor
did
over-powered
Valour
give
o're
:
and
they
who
fled
,
had
m●re
courage
to
flight
than
those
that
pursued
.
But
now
Fortune
seemed
to
repent
that
she
had
not
seconded
the
Valour
of
the
English
Nation
.
For
during
this
sharp
Engagement
,
the
noise
of
the
Guns
had
reached
the
ears
of
Prince
Rupert
,
who
at
a
great
distance
was
in
search
of
the
French
Fleet
,
though
in
vain
;
he
therefore
tacking
about
,
made
all
the
sail
he
could
to
come
into
the
assistance
of
his
Friends
,
inflamed
with
the
desire
of
fighting
.
The
sight
of
his
Ships
was
as
joyful
to
our
men
,
as
formidable
to
the
Enemy
.
Prince
Rupert
opportunely
rejoyns
the
Fleet.
But
Albemarl's
Fleet
had
the
ill
fortune
to
take
the
nearest
course
to
joyn
the
Prince
,
who
was
so
luckily
come
:
For
the
unskilful
Pilates
hastening
too
rashly
,
steered
upon
Shelves
and
Banks
,
where
many
struck
;
but
though
the
rest
got
off
again
,
yet
the
Prince
,
a
Man
of
War
that
deserved
better
fate
,
commanded
by
Sir
George
Askeugh
,
being
so
far
got
on
as
they
could
not
bring
her
off
,
was
burnt
by
the
Enemy
;
and
Askeugh
being
taken
,
was
afterward
carried
in
triumph
into
Holland
.
The
Royal
Fleet
being
now
rejoyned
,
on
the
fourth
of
June
give
chace
to
the
Dutch
,
daring
them
to
another
Engagement
.
Hopes
of
Victory
incited
the
Prince
and
Albemarle
to
revenge
;
but
which
of
the
two
had
greatest
Courage
,
it
is
hard
to
determine
.
The
Fight
is
again
renewed
June
4.
And
now
a
fourth
time
they
fall
to
it
,
in
as
memorable
and
fierce
an
Engagement
,
as
perhaps
ever
happened
upon
the
Ocean
;
though
after
three
days
fighting
,
they
now
contended
with
greater
fury
than
force
.
The
Prince
with
his
fresh
and
entire
Squadron
had
the
Van
,
carrying
in
his
looks
the
resolution
of
his
mind
:
Albemarle
followed
after
,
spurred
on
with
new
desires
,
from
the
supplies
of
others
,
having
received
fresh
Vigour
to
himself
;
but
the
Enemies
Fleet
kept
at
a
distance
,
not
daring
to
come
to
a
close
Engagement
;
until
Prince
Rupert
,
desirous
to
make
an
end
of
the
matter
,
with
his
usual
undaunted
Courage
,
fell
in
amongst
the
thick
of
the
Dutch
,
and
sunk
and
put
to
flight
many
of
them
;
and
had
not
Albemarl's
own
Ship
been
extreamly
disabled
in
the
former
Engagements
,
and
had
not
an
unlucky
shot
of
the
last
of
the
Enemies
Ships
,
towards
the
evening
brought
the
Mast
of
Prince
Rupert's
Ship
by
the
board
,
and
so
hindred
the
pursuit
,
The
Dutch
Fleet
flies
.
They
had
been
able
to
have
given
a
far
better
account
of
the
Dutch
in
this
days
Engagement
,
who
now
strove
who
could
run
fastest
.
But
the
Dutch
found
by
this
days
experience
,
that
the
English
,
equal
or
unequal
in
force
,
were
invincible
,
and
that
they
must
submit
to
the
fortune
of
Charles
.
The
Enemy
being
now
everywhere
put
to
flight
,
The
Royal
Fleet
puts
into
Harbour
.
June
6.
the
Royal
Fleet
seemed
the
more
joyful
that
they
had
conquered
the
greater
dangers
,
and
so
stood
over
to
their
own
Coast
,
and
put
into
Harbour
to
have
their
Ships
refitted
,
which
was
done
with
all
diligence
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Dutch
gave
it
out
,
that
they
had
got
the
Victory
,
because
they
came
off
so
well
;
and
after
that
they
had
celebrated
a
Mock-triumph
over
the
English
at
home
,
with
a
more
ridiculous
silliness
,
they
bragg'd
of
their
Victory
abroad
,
to
the
scorn
and
derision
of
Foreign
Nations
.
And
having
speedily
patched
up
a
Fleet
,
The
Dutch
dare
the
Royal
Fleet.
they
come
in
sight
of
Harwich
,
and
dared
the
English
upon
their
own
Coast
;
but
with
no
designe
of
fighting
,
as
appeared
afterward
,
The
Royal
Fleet
sets
out
to
engage
them
July
17.
but
onely
out
of
a
Dutch
vanity
,
and
a
false
perswasion
of
a
Victory
:
for
so
soon
as
upon
the
seventeenth
of
July
the
Royal
Fleet
had
put
out
to
Sea
again
,
the
Enemy
bore
off
,
trusting
more
to
their
Banks
,
than
their
Courage
.
And
engages
the
Dutch
.
July
25.
On
the
twenty
fifth
of
July
,
Prince
Rupert
and
Albemarle
engaged
the
Dutch
on
their
own
Coast
;
nor
did
they
decline
the
Engagement
,
not
out
of
confidence
,
but
being
compelled
to
be
bold
,
and
trusting
to
the
neighbourhood
of
the
shore
,
and
the
nature
of
the
Coast
.
There
was
a
hot
Dispute
on
both
sides
for
almost
four
hours
;
but
the
Dutch
suffering
more
in
their
reputation
than
in
other
losses
,
tacked
about
,
and
made
all
the
sail
they
could
to
be
gone
,
the
report
being
,
The
Dutch
flie
.
that
de
Ruyter's
Ship
gave
them
the
example
of
flying
.
The
Royal
Fleet
pursued
after
with
continual
thundring
of
Guns
,
until
the
Enemies
having
got
behind
their
Banks
,
the
English
were
in
greater
danger
from
the
Banks
and
Shelves
of
their
Coast
,
than
from
the
flying
Enemy
.
A
Squadron
of
Ships
,
under
the
command
of
Trump
,
stood
it
out
still
,
and
was
attacked
by
a
part
of
the
Royal
Fleet
that
was
in
the
rear
;
but
after
a
bloudy
Engagement
,
they
were
forced
in
the
night-time
to
follow
the
fortune
of
the
rest
,
and
shift
for
themselves
upon
the
Coast
of
Zealand
.
Jordan
sunk
de
Ruyter's
Fire-ship
;
and
in
the
Fight
were
taken
Banker
the
Vice-Admirals
Ship
,
and
the
stoutest
Ship
of
Harlem
,
both
which
were
burnt
by
the
English
,
who
were
more
intent
upon
the
Battel
than
the
Booty
.
Everts
Admiral
of
the
Zealand-Squadron
,
Tirich
Hides
of
the
Friesland
,
Vice-Admiral
Conder
,
and
six
Captains
of
Ships
were
killed
.
The
English
lost
onely
one
Ship
,
commanded
by
Captain
Hannam
,
which
after
the
Seamen
had
escaped
,
was
burnt
by
the
Dutch
.
The
Royal
Fleet
was
more
troubled
at
this
base
flight
of
the
Dutch
,
than
they
were
at
the
dangers
of
the
former
Engagement
;
and
they
were
vexed
that
the
cowardly
running
of
the
Enemy
should
have
cut
them
short
of
a
more
triumphant
Victory
.
But
the
Dutch
always
preferred
a
whole
skin
,
though
with
a
dishonourable
flight
,
before
Honour
with
danger
.
Now
did
the
Royal
Fleet
again
block
up
the
Dutch
Coast
,
that
they
might
keep
the
Seas
,
The
Royal
Fleet
blocks
up
Holland
.
and
make
them
ashamed
of
their
overthrow
;
who
now
being
so
often
beaten
,
were
forced
in
their
skulking
holes
,
to
acknowledge
the
prowess
of
the
English
;
and
seeing
no
Enemy
appeared
,
the
Merchant-ships
that
were
daily
taken
,
suffered
what
the
Fleet
better
deserved
.
But
the
English
were
unwilling
to
be
idle
upon
the
Dutch
Coast
,
and
therefore
Prince
Rupert
and
the
Duke
of
Albemarle
ordered
out
Sir
Robert
Holmes
,
a
man
of
great
undertaking
,
to
the
Vly
;
Holmes
sails
to
the
Uly
;
who
sailing
thither
,
and
having
left
a
guard
of
Ships
at
the
entry
into
the
Harbour
,
he
took
with
him
five
Fire-ships
,
and
one
Frigat
,
besides
Pinnaces
and
Boats
manned
with
Souldiers
and
Sea-men
,
and
boldly
entring
in
,
he
burnt
all
the
Ships
in
the
Harbour
to
the
number
of
one
hundred
and
fifty
Sail
,
many
of
them
East
India
Ships
laden
.
And
there
burn
150
ships
.
The
Town
of
Schilling
was
afterwards
taken
and
burnt
,
and
the
Plunder
given
to
the
Souldiers
.
And
Holmes
having
shared
the
glory
and
danger
with
his
men
,
came
safe
off
,
leaving
behind
him
a
blazing
Bonfire
of
Ships
,
and
an
amazement
amongst
the
Enemies
.
The
Enemy
having
now
wholly
abandoned
the
Sea
,
the
Prince
and
Albemarle
steered
their
course
back
again
to
England
,
leaving
the
terrour
of
their
Names
behind
them
.
After
a
tryal
of
Fortune
both
ways
,
The
Dutch
Fleet
sails
for
France
.
Aug.
16.
the
Dutch
prevailing
neither
with
equal
nor
greater
force
,
they
apply
themselves
to
the
French
for
the
assistance
so
often
promised
and
so
often
delayed
,
and
turning
their
sails
and
desires
towards
France
,
they
endeavoured
in
another
Country
to
raise
up
an
Enemy
to
the
King
of
Great
Britain
.
Upon
the
news
of
the
Enemies
being
out
again
at
Sea
,
the
Royal
Fleet
presently
set
sail
from
England
,
and
beyond
Calis
blockt
up
the
Dutch
on
the
French
Coast
;
but
a
strong
East
Wind
blowing
,
and
the
Sea
being
very
tempestuous
it
was
not
safe
for
the
English
to
keep
out
longer
at
Sea
.
They
therefore
bear
away
to
St.
Helens
Point
,
a
very
fit
place
to
intercept
the
French
Fleet
,
that
then
was
at
the
Rochell
.
The
Fire
of
London
.
Sept.
2.
But
so
many
fortunate
successes
over
conquered
Enemies
abroad
,
were
quashed
by
a
sudden
and
most
dismal
Calamity
at
home
;
as
if
the
beams
of
our
shining
Fortune
were
always
to
be
intermixed
and
set
off
by
Adversities
:
For
on
the
second
of
September
,
a
Lamentable
Fire
broke
out
in
London
;
a
sad
Judgment
of
an
offended
God
against
England
.
The
Fire
began
in
a
Bakers
house
in
the
lower
part
of
the
City
near
Thames-street
,
amongst
old
rotten
houses
apt
to
catch
fire
,
and
full
of
combustible
Goods
.
The
darkness
of
the
night
putting
all
things
into
terrour
and
confusion
,
increased
the
horrour
of
the
Calamity
.
The
Citizens
being
frightened
,
delayed
the
use
of
timely
Remedies
;
and
which
was
no
small
accession
to
the
Evil
,
the
people
neglecting
too
much
their
houses
,
were
too
fatally
set
upon
the
hasty
removing
of
their
Goods
,
which
were
yet
at
length
devoured
by
the
nimble
flames
.
The
raging
East
Wind
that
had
much
incommoded
the
English
Fleet
at
Sea
,
did
far
greater
damage
in
the
burning
City
,
by
carrying
the
force
of
the
flames
through
the
greatest
part
of
London
.
The
Conflagration
grew
soon
insuperable
by
the
blowing
of
the
Wind
;
which
raising
in
a
moment
the
fire
from
the
bottom
to
the
tops
of
the
houses
,
and
scattering
flakes
in
all
places
,
it
grew
too
strong
for
the
endeavours
of
those
that
laboured
to
quench
it
.
Here
the
blazes
of
ruddy
flames
were
to
be
seen
,
and
there
the
crashing
of
falling
houses
to
be
heard
;
and
which
was
the
sadest
Spectacle
under
the
Sun
,
the
doleful
looks
of
so
many
Citizens
,
the
wailings
of
desolate
women
,
and
the
cries
of
children
and
decrepit
aged
people
:
And
in
the
forsaken
shops
of
the
wealthy
Inhabitants
,
numbers
of
Thieves
and
Pilferers
,
greedier
of
Booty
than
the
fire
,
villanously
skulked
.
No
man
that
had
a
sense
of
humane
Miseries
,
could
see
,
and
not
be
affected
with
the
dismal
spectacle
of
the
Ruining
City
of
London
.
Now
were
there
to
be
seen
almost
an
hundred
Churches
consecrated
to
God
,
and
many
Hospitals
,
the
Monuments
of
ancient
Piety
;
besides
other
publick
Buildings
,
raised
at
the
vast
charges
of
our
Ancestors
;
the
famed
Sion-Colledge
,
and
Royal
Exchange
of
London
,
the
Guild-hall
,
and
stately
Cathedral
of
St.
Pauls
,
as
sad
Spectacles
of
the
Calamity
,
either
buried
under
their
own
Rubbish
,
or
standing
Monuments
of
the
devouring
flames
.
Whilst
all
things
else
in
the
Exchange
were
consumed
,
without
sparing
the
many
Statues
of
our
Kings
,
onely
that
of
Gresham
the
Founder
stood
,
to
bewail
the
Ruines
of
his
own
Fabrick
:
so
kind
was
Fate
to
the
fame
and
memory
of
the
liberal
Doner
.
The
King
,
whose
high-born
Soul
was
above
the
Vicissitudes
of
humane
Contingencies
,
could
not
but
with
grief
and
sorrow
behold
the
lamentable
Calamity
of
his
wretched
Subjects
,
and
native
City
,
exhorting
,
comforting
,
and
advising
them
in
their
greatest
difficulties
:
And
therefore
he
ordered
,
that
the
next
houses
to
the
fire
should
be
blown
up
,
that
a
void
space
being
made
betwixt
the
Buildings
,
the
remaining
part
of
the
City
,
that
which
still
stood
,
might
be
saved
;
this
being
the
last
Remedy
that
could
be
used
.
The
Duke
of
York
also
,
and
many
of
the
Nobility
,
praised
and
encouraged
the
forward
,
assisted
the
distressed
,
and
gave
a
generous
example
to
all
by
the
vigorous
resistance
they
made
against
the
devouring
flames
.
The
fire
is
put
out
,
Sept.
4.
After
that
the
Conflagration
had
continued
four
days
,
to
the
inestimable
losses
of
the
Citizens
,
and
had
burnt
down
thirteen
thousand
houses
,
it
was
at
length
stopt
more
at
the
direction
of
Divine
Providence
,
than
by
any
humane
Arts
or
Means
.
The
more
loyal
part
of
the
Citizens
,
affected
with
the
Kings
sorrow
more
than
their
own
,
put
an
high
value
upon
his
Royal
Compassion
towards
them
.
The
Fictions
of
Fanaticks
concerning
the
Fire
.
But
the
Fanatical
Clubs
,
who
turned
even
the
Calamities
of
their
Country
into
Reproaches
,
could
scarcely
forbear
to
miscal
the
Judgment
a
Command
;
or
at
least
did
buz
it
about
,
that
the
Kings
Guards
were
a
hindrance
to
those
who
laboured
to
put
out
the
fire
;
but
the
commoner
surmise
was
,
that
some
French
Agents
had
fired
the
City
:
And
many
reasons
were
by
fear
or
envy
suggested
to
confirm
the
Treachery
;
nothing
being
more
usual
amongst
the
common
People
,
than
to
make
all
Casualties
Designes
.
But
those
who
still
remembred
the
insolent
Rage
of
the
Londoners
,
was
the
first
cause
of
the
Misfortunes
of
Charles
the
Martyr
,
that
the
City
was
polluted
with
sacred
Bloud
,
had
beheld
the
sad
fate
of
the
King
,
and
that
some
of
the
Citizens
had
called
for
,
and
others
permitted
the
murder
of
Charles
,
humbly
acknowledged
the
avenging
hand
of
God
in
the
Judgment
.
This
was
the
issue
of
that
memorable
fire
of
London
;
which
for
above
two
thousand
years
had
been
rising
to
that
greatness
,
which
now
it
could
hardly
bear
.
A
City
impregnable
against
all
the
Efforts
of
so
many
foreign
Enemies
,
and
civil
Broils
;
could
no
otherways
be
ruined
but
by
the
breaking
out
of
a
Fire
amongst
old
wooden
Buildings
that
were
but
too
apt
fewel
for
the
flames
.
Yet
after
the
City
was
destroyed
,
Liv.
l.
5.
the
Londoners
bore
up
with
greater
resolutions
than
the
Romans
did
of
old
,
when
after
the
Conflagration
made
by
the
Gaules
,
they
removed
to
Veii
:
nor
did
any
man
,
despairing
to
see
London
again
rebuilt
,
talk
in
the
least
of
changing
his
habitation
;
but
the
Citizens
crowding
themselves
into
Booths
and
new-made
Deal-board
houses
,
or
into
Dwellings
in
the
Suburbs
,
took
their
measures
about
the
building
of
a
new
City
.
The
approaching
Winter
now
put
an
end
to
all
Naval
Engagements
for
this
year
;
The
Fleets
put
into
Harbour
.
so
that
both
Fleets
,
the
Dutch
and
ours
,
put
into
Harbour
and
were
laid
up
;
and
left
the
Privateers
on
each
side
to
molest
and
take
Merchant-men
at
Sea
.
The
King
having
last
year
tried
the
shifting
way
of
his
Enemies
managing
the
War
,
1667.
resolved
upon
other
measures
,
that
by
intercepting
the
Dutch
Trade
,
he
might
force
them
either
to
put
an
end
to
the
War
by
fairly
fighting
,
or
willingly
submitting
.
So
that
without
putting
himself
to
the
charge
of
a
Fleet
this
Summer
,
The
K.
keeps
his
Fleet
at
home
;
he
was
advised
to
order
some
Frigats
to
cruise
in
the
Scottish
Seas
,
and
others
in
the
West
about
Plimouth
,
thereby
on
all
hands
to
shut
up
the
British
Ocean
.
And
by
fortifying
Sherness
and
Vpnore-Castle
,
And
secures
the
Coasts
and
Harbours
.
and
drawing
a
Chain
cross
the
River
of
Medway
,
to
secure
the
Royal
Fleet
at
Chatham
;
which
was
better
advised
than
executed
.
And
now
the
powerful
Kings
of
France
and
Sweden
,
Neighbouring
Kings
mediate
a
Peace
.
by
their
Embassadours
mediate
a
Peace
betwixt
the
King
and
the
States
;
so
that
the
heat
of
both
Parties
being
somewhat
allied
by
the
mutual
losses
that
two
trafficking
Nations
had
sustained
in
their
Trade
,
as
well
as
otherwise
,
they
both
condescend
to
send
Embassadours
to
Breda
,
to
treat
of
a
Peace
.
The
Dutch
by
surprize
fall
upon
the
Kings
Fleet.
June
10.
But
the
English
trusting
to
a
Truce
or
Cessation
of
Hostilities
,
in
order
to
a
Pacification
,
laid
aside
all
thoughts
of
War
,
and
the
Guard-ships
were
far
off
at
Sea
:
A
part
of
the
Dutch
Fleet
in
the
mean
time
entering
Chatham-River
,
and
having
forced
the
Garrisons
on
the
shore
,
and
broken
the
Iron-Chain
that
was
too
weak
to
make
a
resistance
,
fell
upon
the
Kings
Fleet
,
which
had
often
chased
them
,
lying
mored
in
the
River
,
unrigged
,
and
unprovided
of
Sea-men
and
Souldiers
.
Our
Frigats
were
burnt
by
the
Dutch
Fire-ships
,
and
others
snatched
,
not
carried
away
in
triumph
,
to
the
reproach
no
less
of
the
Dutch
Knavery
,
than
of
our
own
vain
Security
;
a
loss
so
much
the
greater
,
by
how
much
it
cost
the
Enemy
the
less
.
The
King
in
the
mean
time
passing
by
the
Treachery
of
that
People
,
and
conquering
his
own
Resentment
,
(
for
the
present
)
performed
his
Promise
;
and
that
he
might
not
delay
the
Treaty
of
Peace
,
Embassadours
meet
on
both
sides
;
sent
the
Lord
Hollis
,
one
of
his
Majesties
Privy-Council
,
and
Henry
Coventry
,
on
the
Prudence
of
which
two
the
King
much
relied
,
as
his
Embassadours
for
carrying
on
the
Peace
;
which
at
length
was
concluded
at
Breda
,
And
conclude
a
Peace
.
July
9.
upon
no
less
honourable
Conditions
,
than
what
the
King
had
demanded
before
the
War
.
And
now
this
Naval
War
,
carried
on
by
the
successful
Valour
of
York
,
the
Courage
of
Prince
Rupert
and
Albemarle
,
is
at
length
terminated
in
a
most
specious
Peace
;
but
such
as
drew
the
fate
of
that
perfidious
People
upon
themselves
,
the
beginning
of
the
fall
of
the
Vnited
Provinces
being
to
be
calculated
from
that
War
.
The
King
was
not
a
little
inclined
to
facilitate
the
profitable
Peace
,
The
building
of
London
is
taken
into
consideration
.
that
the
Citizens
might
have
time
to
rebuild
the
City
:
And
the
War
being
now
over
,
he
made
it
his
care
to
erect
to
himself
Trophies
of
Glory
,
upon
the
Ruines
and
Rubbish
of
London
;
instead
of
a
wooden
City
which
he
had
lost
,
laying
the
foundations
of
one
of
Brick
that
might
more
powerfully
resist
the
flames
.
Nor
were
the
Citizens
allowed
to
build
at
their
pleasure
,
but
the
streets
being
first
staked
out
,
and
enlarged
on
each
side
,
every
one
built
their
houses
in
a
strait
and
equal
front
;
London
rising
again
with
so
much
beauty
and
uniformity
,
that
the
loss
of
the
old
City
was
hardly
regreted
.
October
the
twenty
third
,
The
Royal
Exchange
founded
.
Octob.
23.
the
King
being
honourably
received
in
the
City
,
laid
the
first
Stone
in
the
foundation
of
the
Royal
Exchange
:
the
next
was
laid
by
the
Duke
of
York
,
an
auspicuous
Presage
of
the
splendour
of
the
Structure
.
The
loss
of
a
memorable
and
much-lamented
person
,
must
here
have
an
honourable
mention
in
our
Annals
:
For
this
year
Abraham
Couley
,
The
death
of
Abraham
Couley
.
a
man
of
famed
Wit
both
at
home
and
abroad
,
and
for
his
delightful
Learning
,
a
Companion
to
the
chief
of
the
Nobility
of
England
,
departed
this
life
.
His
Poetical
fancy
seemed
to
be
inspired
with
some
divine
breath
;
which
in
sweet
numbers
,
the
Monuments
of
his
own
glory
,
after
Maro
and
the
delights
of
Rome
,
equalled
the
Raptures
of
Pindar
and
the
Gracefulness
of
Athens
.
No
man
was
more
sublime
,
nor
modest
than
he
;
and
he
lived
with
the
same
politeness
and
grace
as
he
wrote
,
in
Verse
and
Manners
being
equally
conspicuous
.
1668.
The
next
year
was
taken
up
in
building
of
the
City
,
All
hands
are
set
to
work
in
the
rebuilding
of
London
.
with
so
great
magnificence
of
modern
Pomp
,
that
it
might
be
thought
that
the
Citizens
in
digging
and
clearing
the
Ground
,
had
found
Mines
of
Gold
amongst
the
Rubbish
of
the
Ruines
.
Nor
will
it
be
more
the
wonder
of
this
than
of
future
Ages
,
that
during
the
calamity
of
a
dangerous
War
,
and
amidst
the
many
losses
of
Merchants
,
there
still
remained
in
the
hands
of
the
Citizens
such
vast
stocks
of
Money
to
build
new
and
stately
houses
;
and
in
their
minds
so
much
resolution
,
as
in
time
of
War
to
promote
the
works
of
Peace
.
For
now
in
less
than
the
space
of
three
years
,
a
new
City
was
raised
;
which
being
purged
by
Fire
,
and
having
expiated
its
former
Offences
,
recovered
more
than
its
ancient
Vigour
and
Glory
.
Liv.
l.
26.
The
Fame
of
the
Roman
Virtue
will
hardly
sound
so
loud
in
future
Ages
,
in
that
Lands
were
bought
and
sold
at
Rome
,
whilst
Hannibal
was
at
the
Gates
of
the
City
;
when
now
it
may
be
heard
,
that
after
a
late
and
devouring
Plague
,
after
a
lamentable
Fire
that
laid
the
City
in
Ashes
,
and
whilst
three
most
powerful
Nations
were
in
War
with
us
,
The
English
still
retained
that
confidence
of
their
own
fortune
and
height
of
mind
,
as
to
resolve
,
and
to
be
able
to
lay
the
Foundations
of
a
new
and
so
magnificent
a
City
;
and
that
under
so
much
Affliction
they
dared
to
look
beyond
their
Calamities
.
The
Monument
of
the
dreadful
Fire
.
And
that
there
might
be
a
standing
Monument
of
the
sad
Conflagration
,
or
rather
a
Trophy
of
the
Cities
Restauration
,
the
Citizens
of
London
growing
greater
in
their
Misfortune
,
and
magnificent
in
their
Adversity
,
erected
in
the
place
where
the
dreadful
Fire
began
,
a
Lofty
Pillar
one
hundred
and
seventy
foot
high
,
all
of
Portland
Stone
,
not
much
inferiour
to
Marble
.
And
that
we
may
not
always
have
need
to
return
to
ancient
Annals
for
Monuments
of
magnificence
,
The
Theatre
of
Oxford
founded
in
the
year
1664.
is
finished
.
this
year
Gilbert
Sheldon
,
after
the
death
of
Juxon
,
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
perfected
the
Theatre
of
Oxford
,
a
lasting
Temple
of
the
Muses
,
and
a
Capitol
consecrated
to
Apollo
;
which
he
dedicated
as
a
Circle
to
the
learned
Exercises
and
Acts
of
the
Gown
;
and
a
new
Ornament
to
the
Vniversity
,
finished
at
his
own
vast
charges
,
and
by
the
advice
and
contrivance
of
Sir
Christopher
Wren
,
a
most
ingenious
Architect
and
Mathematician
.
On
the
outside
the
Beholder
may
admire
the
magnificence
of
the
Structure
;
and
within
be
delighted
with
the
comliness
and
beauty
of
the
Theatre
,
being
incompassed
around
with
lofty
and
regular
Benches
for
the
convenience
of
Spectators
.
Underneath
is
to
be
seen
a
most
excellent
and
well-contrived
Printing-house
:
All
which
,
will
be
a
lasting
Monument
of
the
Founders
Fame
,
so
long
as
men
can
speak
in
his
Theatre
,
or
Books
be
printed
at
his
Press
.
Last
year
the
Duke
of
Ormond
returned
into
England
,
after
he
had
,
1669.
The
Lord
Roberts
Deputy
of
Ireland
.
Sept.
20.
with
the
reputation
of
extraordinary
Wisdom
,
governed
Ireland
as
Lord-Lieutenant
for
the
space
of
seven
years
;
and
this
year
the
Lord
Roberts
,
a
Person
of
great
Integrity
,
Prudence
,
and
Worth
,
succeeded
in
that
Government
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Duke
of
Ormond
,
The
D.
of
Ormond
made
Chancellour
of
the
Vniversity
of
Oxford
.
with
unanimous
consent
of
the
Heads
,
Fellows
,
and
Students
of
Colledges
,
is
chosen
Chancellour
of
the
University
of
Oxford
;
and
so
being
taken
off
from
the
care
and
troubles
of
the
Irish
affairs
,
he
had
the
direction
of
the
softer
and
more
peaceful
Muses
.
About
the
beginning
of
September
,
Mary
the
Queen
Mother
of
England
having
for
two
and
twenty
years
,
in
Banishment
and
Widowhood
,
lived
without
the
enjoyment
of
the
King
her
Husband
,
and
with
the
comfort
of
a
flourishing
Off-spring
,
having
beheld
her
Son
setled
in
the
Throne
,
The
Queen
Mother
dies
in
France
.
died
at
Paris
in
France
,
full
of
years
,
and
of
glory
in
all
the
changes
of
humane
condition
.
The
death
of
the
Duke
of
Albemarle
.
Jan.
2.
1669
,
70.
About
the
end
of
this
,
and
beginning
of
next
year
,
the
Duke
of
Albemarle
also
finished
his
course
.
And
being
now
to
speak
the
last
of
a
man
born
for
the
publick
good
,
famous
in
a
high
,
and
famous
in
a
lower
degree
,
I
shall
take
a
short
review
of
his
Birth
,
Manners
,
and
Fortune
.
His
Birth
and
Extraction
.
George
Monk
,
the
Son
of
a
Knight
,
was
born
in
Devonshire
in
the
West
of
England
,
in
the
year
One
thousand
six
hundred
and
eight
:
He
had
an
elder
Brother
who
inherited
his
Fathers
Estate
and
Honour
;
and
a
younger
,
who
being
bred
a
Scholar
,
after
the
Restauration
of
the
King
,
was
made
Bishop
of
Hereford
.
He
followed
the
Wars
in
his
youth
.
George
the
middlemost
pushing
his
Fortune
in
the
Camp
,
followed
the
Wars
;
wherein
he
was
first
initiated
in
his
youth
at
Cadis
against
the
Spaniards
,
and
shortly
after
in
an
Expedition
against
the
French
at
the
Isle
of
Ré
,
both
unfortunate
in
their
issue
;
but
with
better
success
he
served
under
the
Earl
of
Oxford
in
Holland
.
The
Civil
Wars
afterwards
breaking
out
,
Vnder
Charles
the
First
he
served
in
the
Scottish
War
.
occasioned
first
by
the
accursed
madness
of
the
Scottish
Presbyterians
,
he
returned
into
England
,
and
listed
himself
under
Charles
the
First
,
who
then
marched
against
the
Scots
,
In
Ireland
also
and
next
year
after
was
made
a
Colonel
in
the
Army
against
the
Irish
Rebels
.
But
the
Civil
War
of
England
raging
more
furiously
afterwards
,
whilst
the
Parliament
called
in
the
Scots
,
their
Brethren
in
Iniquity
,
to
their
assistance
;
the
King
on
the
other
hand
having
made
a
Truce
with
the
Irish
Rebels
,
called
over
his
Forces
from
Ireland
,
for
his
own
defence
at
home
:
and
Monk
being
one
of
the
Commanders
of
that
Army
,
1669
,
70.
with
the
rest
joyned
the
King
at
at
Oxford
;
He
joyns
the
K.
at
Oxford
.
Is
taken
by
the
Parliament
,
and
made
prisoner
in
the
Tower
of
London
.
but
whilst
by
orders
from
the
King
he
mustered
the
Irish
Forces
in
the
Camp
,
he
was
unexpectedly
surprized
and
taken
by
Fairfax
,
who
served
the
Parliament
;
and
being
carried
to
London
,
lay
there
almost
four
years
Prisoner
in
the
Tower
.
Whilst
he
was
there
shut
up
and
in
distress
,
the
King
sent
him
secretly
an
hundred
Pieces
of
Gold
;
which
considering
the
streights
his
Majesty
was
then
put
to
,
was
no
small
Argument
of
his
Royal
Affection
towards
him
.
But
being
at
length
tired
out
with
an
irksome
imprisonment
,
and
,
for
the
sake
of
liberty
,
He
takes
on
with
the
Parliament
;
changing
sides
,
he
took
in
with
the
Parliament
,
and
went
again
over
into
Ireland
;
And
goes
to
Ireland
.
where
he
did
many
brave
actions
against
the
Irish
Rebels
,
not
without
Presages
of
becoming
sometime
a
great
General
,
as
being
the
onely
person
who
seemed
to
have
carried
with
him
Honesty
and
Civility
to
the
Civil
War
.
Here
it
was
that
first
of
all
he
gained
the
good
esteem
of
Cromwel
,
who
then
commanded
the
Parliament-Forces
in
Ireland
,
having
performed
an
action
more
advantageous
to
his
General
,
than
honourable
to
himself
.
The
Irish
War
being
ended
,
He
marches
with
Cromwel
into
Scotland
.
the
Summer
following
he
marched
with
Cromwel
against
the
Scots
,
and
did
not
a
little
contribute
to
his
fortunate
Successes
in
Scotland
.
Having
been
so
often
victorious
at
Land
,
He
fights
against
the
Dutch
under
the
Rump-Parliament
.
and
now
an
old
Commander
,
he
tried
his
fortune
at
Sea
;
and
under
the
Rump-Parliament
was
very
successful
against
the
Dutch
,
having
in
two
Engagements
beaten
them
and
put
them
to
flight
.
At
length
when
Cromwel
got
into
Supreme
Power
,
he
was
made
Governour
of
Scotland
;
Is
by
Cromwel
made
Governour
of
Scotland
.
which
Trust
,
with
equal
reputation
of
Equity
and
Prudence
,
he
discharged
during
the
space
of
almost
five
years
:
until
Quarrels
and
Animosities
happening
at
London
betwixt
the
Rumpers
and
Colonels
of
the
Army
,
he
laid
hold
on
the
occasion
for
restoring
of
the
King
.
But
at
what
time
first
he
framed
the
designe
of
restoring
Charles
to
the
Throne
,
I
shall
hardly
presume
to
determine
:
Cavillers
,
and
those
that
make
the
worst
of
things
,
gave
it
out
,
that
his
dutiful
services
to
the
King
were
but
fortuitous
;
but
they
who
judge
impartially
,
affirm
that
it
was
a
designe
laid
many
years
before
.
Certainly
the
best
of
Kings
,
more
mindful
of
the
effects
of
his
Loyalty
,
than
of
its
beginning
,
received
the
duty
of
Albemarle
,
as
extraordinary
and
kind
services
,
and
honourably
and
liberally
rewarded
them
.
The
year
before
his
death
,
he
fell
into
a
Dropsie
;
and
being
weary
of
the
ordinary
methods
and
advice
of
Physicians
,
he
made
use
of
a
certain
Quack-Medicine
,
which
in
appearance
recovered
him
;
but
his
body
being
opened
after
his
death
,
a
great
deal
of
Water
was
found
in
his
Bowels
,
and
much
congealed
Bloud
in
both
the
Ventricles
of
his
Heart
,
and
other
neighbouring
Vessels
:
For
the
motion
both
of
the
Heart
and
Bloud
being
weakened
by
an
inveterate
Dropsie
,
gave
occasion
to
the
stagnating
of
the
chylous
juyce
about
the
Heart
;
which
stopping
the
Fountain
of
the
circulating
Bloud
,
put
at
length
a
stop
to
his
last
breathings
for
life
.
The
Marriage
of
his
onely
Son
was
in
a
manner
the
last
thing
he
minded
in
this
life
;
who
a
few
days
before
his
death
was
married
to
the
Daughter
of
the
Earl
of
Ogle
,
and
Grand-daughter
to
the
Duke
of
Newcastle
;
thereby
to
settle
,
as
well
as
honour
,
his
Family
by
an
Alliance
with
so
Noble
a
House
.
After
he
had
seen
Britain
rejoycing
in
Triumphs
,
beheld
Charles
confirmed
in
the
Throne
by
ten
years
happy
Reign
,
and
after
he
had
administred
the
greatest
Offices
of
Trust
under
the
King
,
both
in
Peace
and
War
,
being
upwards
of
sixty
years
of
age
,
he
yielded
to
Destiny
,
which
he
willingly
and
undauntedly
submitted
unto
;
that
after
the
Trophies
of
a
past
Life
,
he
might
at
length
triumph
over
Death
.
He
left
but
one
onely
Son
,
the
Illustrious
Inheritour
of
his
Fathers
Fame
,
hopeful
to
the
State
,
and
cherished
by
the
King
as
his
own
.
Charles
who
had
often
visited
and
condoled
with
him
in
his
sickness
,
was
with
him
to
the
last
,
and
expressed
the
same
affection
for
dying
Albemarle
,
that
he
had
testified
to
him
during
his
life
.
From
Somerset-house
,
where
he
had
lain
in
state
,
The
Solemnity
of
his
Funerals
he
was
with
a
splendid
pomp
of
solemn
Funerals
at
the
Kings
charges
conveyed
to
Westminster-Abbey
,
and
there
amidst
the
Tears
and
Condolings
of
all
good
men
,
interred
amongst
the
August
Monuments
of
Kings
,
being
the
last
Triumph
due
to
his
memory
.
They
who
are
curious
to
have
a
description
of
the
shapes
and
countenance
of
so
great
a
man
,
may
know
;
that
he
was
a
person
more
graceful
than
beautiful
;
of
a
middle
stature
,
strong
and
well
comparted
,
with
a
comely
presence
;
and
of
a
composed
,
rather
than
severe
or
stern
,
aspect
.
He
may
easily
be
reckoned
a
most
valiant
General
in
War
,
His
Courage
.
not
onely
to
be
compared
to
the
chief
Commanders
of
his
own
age
,
but
to
the
most
renowned
Warriours
of
elder
times
;
and
of
so
great
reputation
he
was
in
Military
affairs
,
that
the
modestest
do
acknowledge
too
great
a
Courage
in
Albemarle
.
He
spent
almost
his
whole
life
in
Arms
,
and
at
length
growing
old
amidst
Victories
,
he
became
gray-headed
under
a
Helmet
.
In
Britain
and
Ireland
,
by
Sea
and
by
Land
,
so
happy
was
Albemarle
,
that
Fortune
traced
out
for
him
,
His
Prudence
,
Honour
,
Renown
,
and
Titles
.
He
had
indeed
a
hidden
and
a
silent
kind
of
Sagacity
in
the
management
of
affairs
;
and
improved
almost
all
the
Arts
of
Prudence
by
Silence
.
And
Modesty
.
He
had
a
Modesty
that
set
off
all
the
other
Virtues
of
his
Mind
;
nor
was
he
ever
heard
to
brag
of
what
he
had
done
or
deserved
.
The
Fame
of
so
great
a
man
,
doubtless
inferiour
to
no
other
Mortal
,
will
propagate
it self
to
Posterity
;
who
,
without
Pride
or
Ostentation
,
gratified
a
banished
Prince
with
so
signal
Services
,
and
onely
rejoyced
in
the
conscientious
performance
of
his
Duty
and
Obedience
.
Tacit.
Hist.
l.
3.
Nor
after
the
Restauration
of
Charles
,
did
he
behave
himself
as
a
Colleague
in
the
Government
,
as
Mucianus
was
of
old
reported
to
have
done
to
Vespasian
,
but
as
a
Servant
;
neither
did
he
ever
boast
,
that
having
the
Power
in
his
own
hands
,
he
had
bestowed
it
upon
another
;
whereby
he
burned
,
to
his
glory
,
the
Arrogance
of
the
Rump
,
and
the
Impudence
of
Cromwel
:
his
Loyalty
inclining
him
more
to
give
up
,
than
his
Ambition
to
retain
the
Government
.
We
may
,
moreover
;
reckon
Albemarle
happy
,
not
onely
in
the
greatness
of
the
Action
,
but
also
in
the
seasonableness
of
the
Service
:
That
he
brought
back
the
Government
to
a
Prince
of
so
just
and
good
a
temper
,
who
put
so
true
an
estimate
upon
his
Loyalty
,
and
under
whom
it
would
never
be
unsafe
nor
dangerous
to
deserve
the
most
:
For
good
Offices
are
acceptable
,
Tacit.
Annal.
lib.
4.
especially
to
Kings
,
so
long
as
the
obliged
think
they
may
be
able
to
requite
them
;
but
when
they
are
too
great
to
be
rewarded
,
instead
of
Thanks
they
procure
Hatred
:
And
it
is
rare
,
and
almost
unusual
,
for
Princes
to
think
themselves
obliged
;
or
if
they
think
so
,
to
love
their
Benefactors
.
Plin.
Panegyr
.
Peace
being
now
established
at
home
,
and
Janus
his
Temple
shut
,
Albemarle
departed
the
more
joyfully
out
of
this
life
,
that
when
he
left
no
Troubles
in
Britain
,
yet
he
left
behind
him
a
Love
for
himself
in
the
hearts
of
all
good
men
:
so
much
the
more
wanted
,
that
he
had
taken
care
that
nothing
should
be
wanting
,
having
left
nothing
in
the
State
but
his
own
death
to
be
bewailed
;
the
King
flourishing
in
his
Government
,
and
the
Loyalty
of
the
Parliament
as
yet
vieing
with
the
modesty
of
the
Prince
.
Every
one
enjoyed
the
happiness
they
desired
at
home
,
and
Peace
with
all
Nations
abroad
,
till
the
League-breaking
Dutch
again
provoked
the
English
Arms.
But
the
Actions
of
that
War
,
the
steddy
Fortune
of
the
British
Nation
,
and
the
future
Triumphs
of
CHARLES
,
I
have
set
aside
as
a
subject
for
my
more
advanced
years
.
FINIS
.