CHAP.
I.
Treateth
of
the
Excellency
,
Necessity
,
and
Vsefulness
of
Improvement
,
and
good
Husbandry
.
WHich
appeareth
partly
by
the
Antiquity
of
it
;
Excellency
,
Necessity
,
Antiquity
.
for
every
thing
is
the
more
excellent
,
the
more
ancient
,
and
nearer
it
comes
to
God
,
the
first
being
of
all
things
,
which
as
all
things
nearest
the
Center
move
more
strongly
,
so
all
Excellency
appeares
most
evidently
,
the
nearer
(
if
I
may
speak
with
reverence
)
to
that
great
Majesty
,
the
great
Husbandman
,
God
himself
.
First
in
his
making
the
world
,
hee
made
all
Creatures
,
and
all
Plants
,
Fruits
,
Trees
,
Herbs
,
and
all
bearing
Seed
,
for
the
food
of
Man
and
Beast
;
He
also
made
those
more
excellent
and
glorious
Creatures
,
as
the
Light
,
the
Day
,
and
Night
,
the
Firmament
,
the
Earth
,
and
Seas
,
the
Sun
,
Moon
,
and
Starrs
,
all
to
be
serviceable
,
and
ministers
unto
the
Creatures
relief
,
and
all
the
Creatures
subservient
to
Man
,
and
Man
to
Husbandize
the
fruits
of
the
Earth
,
and
dress
,
and
keep
them
for
the
use
of
the
whole
Creation
.
So
God
was
the
Originall
,
and
first
Husbandman
,
the
patern
of
all
Husbandry
,
and
first
projector
of
that
great
design
,
to
bring
that
old
Masse
and
Chaos
of
confusion
unto
so
vast
an
Improvement
,
as
all
the
world
admires
and
subsists
from
.
And
having
given
man
such
a
Patern
both
for
precept
and
president
for
his
incouragement
,
he
makes
him
Lord
of
all
untill
the
fall
;
And
after
that
God
intending
the
preservation
of
what
he
made
,
notwithstanding
the
great
curse
upon
Adam
,
Eve
,
and
Serpent
,
the
Earth
not
going
free
,
but
a
curse
of
Barrennesse
cast
upon
it
also
,
yet
Adam
is
sent
forth
to
till
the
Earth
,
and
improve
it
,
In
the
sweat
of
his
face
he
must
eat
bread
until
be
return
to
the
Earth
again
.
And
so
down
to
Cain
and
Abel
,
Gen.
4.
2.
the
one
Husbanding
the
Earth
for
Tillage
,
and
the
other
the
Sheep
in
Pasturing
,
and
Grazing
;
Gen
9.
16.
and
so
down
to
Noah
,
he
began
to
be
an
Husbandman
;
and
to
Abrabhm
,
and
to
Iacob
and
Esan
,
and
so
along
still
till
they
came
to
the
Goverment
by
Kings
,
where
Vzziah
his
commendation
was
beloved
husbandry
,
●
Chr.
26.
11.
and
many
excellent
things
,
as
if
Husbandry
were
the
most
excellent
,
as
indeed
it
is
here
on
Earth
;
else
ask
Solomon
the
wisest
,
the
second
Husbandman
or
Improver
of
the
world
,
and
you
shall
find
,
how
out
of
the
depth
of
his
experience
,
he
cryes
up
diligence
and
activity
in
good
Husbandry
,
therefore
sendeth
us
to
the
Pismire
,
cryeth
down
the
Sluggard
,
and
Sloathfull
,
on
whom
commeth
poverty
as
an
armed
man
,
Prov.
6.
6.
and
extolls
the
diligent
as
fittest
to
converse
with
Kings
,
Prov.
15.
19.
whose
very
thoughts
bring
aboundance
,
Prov.
20.
30.
even
of
the
diligent
,
whose
hand
and
heart
are
best
to
bear
rule
,
Prov.
22.
21.
when
the
idle
shall
be
under
Tribute
.
But
to
multiply
more
Scripture
,
Prov.
12.
20.
where
all
experience
holds
it
so
clear
,
is
but
to
prove
a
principle
ungain-said
;
I
'll
say
no
more
.
But
for
the
usefulnesse
of
it
,
it
's
no
lesse
than
the
maintenance
of
our
Lives
,
Estates
,
this
Common-wealth
,
and
world
,
and
the
Improvement
,
or
Advancement
of
the
fruits
and
profits
of
the
Earth
by
Ingenuity
,
is
little
less
than
an
addition
of
a
new
world
;
for
what
is
gained
hereby
either
above
the
naturall
fruitfulnesse
of
the
Earth
,
or
else
by
reducement
of
that
which
is
destroyed
,
or
impoverished
from
his
naturall
fruitfulness
,
to
greater
fertillity
,
is
a
clear
augmentation
or
Addition
to
the
Common-wealth
.
All
other
callings
proceeding
hence
,
the
Earth
being
the
very
womb
that
beares
all
,
and
the
Mother
that
must
nourish
and
maintain
all
.
The
Merchant
is
a
gallant
servant
to
the
State
,
he
fetches
it
from
farre
,
and
t
is
a
gallant
Inrichment
to
this
Nation
;
but
he
purchaseth
it
from
others
,
who
could
make
good
profit
of
it
,
if
he
buy
it
not
,
raiseth
it
not
out
of
nothing
,
but
parts
with
good
Silver
,
or
Gold
,
or
some
good
commodity
for
it
,
and
is
a
great
Common-Wealths
advantage
.
But
this
Merchant
of
Husbandry
,
he
raiseth
it
out
of
the
Earth
,
which
otherwise
would
yeeld
little
,
unless
this
ingenuity
fetch
it
out
,
possibly
never
discovered
to
be
there
.
And
what
parts
he
with
?
or
at
what
rates
purchaseth
he
it
at
?
Even
onely
with
the
wages
of
the
labouring
man
,
whom
he
is
bound
both
by
the
Law
of
God
,
Nature
,
and
the
Land
,
to
maintain
,
who
may
be
were
he
not
maintained
in
work
would
cost
as
much
to
be
maintained
idly
.
Oh!
the
Excellency
,
Antiquity
,
and
Usefulness
,
of
it
.
Improve
the
first
and
chiefest
of
thy
Spirits
on
God
in
omnifying
him
above
all
,
and
in
all
,
and
the
rest
of
thy
wits
and
strength
to
serve
thy
station
herein
,
accompting
it
the
second
thing
necessary
,
a
blessing
being
upon
the
head
of
him
that
tilleth
Corn
,
Prov.
11.
26
and
the
thoughts
of
the
diligent
bring
abundance
.
Prov.
21.
5
And
so
I
proceed
to
the
occasions
of
the
Earths
Barrennesse
,
being
the
first
Generall
of
my
discourse
.
First
Generall
Head
CHAP.
II.
Sheweth
forth
the
causes
of
Barrennesse
upon
all
Lands
.
THey
are
usually
two
.
Causes
of
Barrennesse
.
-
1
In
Man
himself
.
-
2
In
the
Land
it self
.
1
In
Man
himself
it
was
occasionally
,
who
by
his
sin
procured
a
curse
upon
the
Land
,
even
Barrennesse
it self
,
which
by
the
sweat
of
his
browes
must
be
reduced
,
if
he
will
eat
bread
,
and
so
now
is
.
2
In
man
naturally
,
which
is
the
main
and
capitall
cause
of
all
,
1
Cause
of
Barrenness
is
ignorance
occasioning
Prejudice
.
and
is
in
him
as
I
conceive
the
Cause
of
Causes
,
which
is
Ignorance
,
occasioning
the
prejudice
men
bear
against
Improvement
,
especially
that
which
is
not
of
their
own
devising
,
as
all
men
naturally
hate
the
true
light
of
God
,
because
it
discovers
their
darkness
,
and
is
contrary
to
their
light
,
which
is
that
of
Nature
and
Reason
onely
,
the
great
enemies
of
Gospell
Light
.
So
that
parallel
hereunto
in
some
measure
,
is
the
hatred
that
many
bear
to
any
new
Ingenuous
discovery
of
that
which
is
not
under
their
ken
or
common
practise
,
unlesse
they
can
make
it
their
own
contrivement
,
which
ariseth
from
old
Adams
proud
nature
so
rooted
in
ours
,
that
wherein
we
cannot
ascribe
unto
our selves
the
praise
,
we
had
rather
lose
the
profit
,
and
so
presently
decry
the
same
,
Saying
,
This
is
no
other
but
a
principle
of
some
young
Brainsick
,
or
of
one
that
would
Monopolize
more
to
his
ten
,
twenty
,
or
thirty
yeares
study
and
experience
,
than
our
fathers
and
fore-fathers
attained
in
all
their
practices
;
or
else
some
giddy
head
that
will
say
more
in
half
an
hours
discourse
,
than
he
will
make
good
proof
of
in
an
Age
;
or
else
it
is
an
experiment
that
will
cost
more
than
the
profits
thereof
will
countervail
;
or
else
the
Improvement
is
so
great
that
they
cannot
possibly
credit
such
Impossibilities
,
with
innumerable
more
such
passages
;
never
putting
forth
their
Mindes
,
Hands
,
or
Purses
,
to
never
so
great
and
profitable
an
advantage
,
Prov.
4.
15.
like
the
Sluggard
,
who
will
not
plow
,
Prov.
36.
13.
but
saith
,
A
Lion
is
in
the
way
.
And
so
,
by
feeding
upon
these
or
such
like
Prejudices
,
they
suffocate
their
own
unspeakable
advantage
,
which
they
might
accomplish
with
setting
on
the
work
,
and
exercising
a
little
patience
in
waiting
for
a
through
triall
.
Although
I
le
say
it
should
be
our
rejoycing
when
any
discovery
is
made
,
(
chiefly
of
God
)
&
then
of
that
which
shall
concern
the
publique
good
,
be
the
instrument
what
he
will
,
and
not
ingaged
therein
for
meer
advantage
only
,
as
too
many
have
done
,
holding
forth
specious
Pretences
of
great
wonders
,
and
the
condition
hath
ever
been
great
gain
to
the
discoverer
,
and
more
than
the
worth
of
the
discovery
many
times
hath
been
;
yet
if
the
naked
end
be
the
Publick
good
,
be
the
discovery
what
it
will
,
or
the
Discoverer
conceived
neither
of
so
deep
a
head
,
nor
of
so
long
experience
,
as
others
have
been
,
yea
,
though
thou
conceive
it
a
Project
so
chargeable
,
that
will
not
answer
the
cost
bestowed
,
or
an
advance
so
great
as
is
not
credible
,
yet
consider
if
he
utter
Reason
,
Art
,
or
honestly
,
and
especially
where
he
offereth
experience
for
the
proof
thereof
,
have
thou
patience
to
consider
thereof
,
if
thou
wilt
not
make
triall
of
it
,
his
is
the
paines
,
and
if
to
any
,
it
is
thy
Gaines
,
he
hath
but
his
labour
for
his
travell
.
The
second
Hindrance
as
in
respect
of
the
owner
,
or
occupier
thereof
,
2.
Cause
is
Improvidence
and
a
slavish
custome
.
is
Idleness
,
Improvidence
,
and
a
slavish
Custome
of
some
old
form
,
or
way
of
Husbandry
,
exercised
therein
ever
since
they
were
born
,
which
begets
so
much
the
ill
Husbandry
of
these
dayes
,
never
affecting
Ingenuity
in
any
particulars
of
their
Husbandry
,
which
is
contrary
to
the
mind
and
will
of
God
in
making
us
,
and
the
end
wherefore
we
were
made
,
Good
husbandry
commanded
,
and
so
experimented
by
God
himself
,
and
charged
on
us
therein
,
and
so
commended
by
Solomon
the
wisest
of
men
,
with
Ingenuity
and
Activity
,
to
the
putting
out
the
utmost
of
our
spirits
,
in
subordination
to
our
spirituall
calling
,
in
our
particular
callings
to
serve
our
generations
,
and
improve
our
Principles
for
the
common
good
,
which
two
aforesaid
causes
if
they
be
not
removed
,
will
never
admit
of
the
removall
of
the
subsequent
causes
.
A
third
particular
cause
in
man
of
the
Earths
unfruitfulness
,
is
want
of
severe
punishment
of
Idleness
,
3.
Cause
is
want
of
punishment
of
Idleness
,
and
want
of
Stock
to
set
the
poor
on
work
.
the
Mother
,
and
Drunkenness
,
the
Daughter
,
or
the
putting
in
execution
of
such
good
and
wholsome
Lawes
as
both
God
and
man
have
provided
therein
;
As
also
not
raising
stocks
in
all
Countries
,
as
a
Magazine
or
treasury
of
work
,
and
labour
,
for
those
that
want
it
;
And
those
other
Lawes
for
punishing
of
Rogues
and
Vagrants
,
that
wander
the
Country
,
and
compelling
and
constraining
youth
,
and
idle
people
,
to
some
callings
,
All
which
would
both
put
them
on
to
more
Ingenuity
,
and
the
Gentry
,
and
Yeomanry
of
the
Nation
would
be
much
induced
to
Invention
,
and
expatiating
themselves
in
charge
and
treasure
,
to
maintain
them
,
wherby
these
horrid
sinnes
of
Idleness
,
Lust
,
and
Laciviousness
would
be
checked
,
and
those
Drones
,
and
Caterpillars
,
the
bane
of
a
Christian
State
,
and
shame
of
a
Christian
Nation
,
would
not
so
swarm
amongst
us
.
It
is
a
crying
sin
of
our
Nation
,
A
Crying
sin
,
I
pray
God
charge
it
not
upon
us
,
lest
as
we
have
already
smarted
for
it
,
we
smart
not
now
at
last
to
purpose
.
So
that
were
but
these
Improvements
put
into
Experiments
,
their
great
plea
would
be
silenced
(
viz
)
Will
you
set
us
on
work
?
we
will
work
if
you
'll
provide
it
?
&c.
(
and
out
of
all
question
)
the
capacities
of
the
Nation
herein
,
are
farr
more
than
here
be
labouring
men
to
act
them
:
and
so
as
they
conceive
,
they
justifie
their
Abomination
,
both
by
necessity
and
authority
.
As
for
Drunkenness
the
Daughter
,
Drunkenness
▪
which
so
aboundeth
every
where
,
that
I
verily
believe
,
and
fear
not
to
make
it
forth
,
by
reason
,
and
experience
,
that
were
it
the
Daughter
,
with
Idleness
the
Mother
,
suppressed
in
this
Nation
,
wee
need
never
to
fear
want
or
penury
.
I
know
divers
Towns
in
this
land
,
where
you
shall
have
two
or
three
poor
Ale-houses
,
wickedly
,
and
wastfully
,
devour
more
Mault
,
than
all
the
Freeholders
,
Labourers
,
and
Inhabitants
besides
.
And
judge
you
,
Labouring
Countrie
people
for
the
most
part
brew
their
own
Beer
also
,
neither
is
there
any
passage
,
or
Road-way
through
the
Townes
where
these
private
houses
of
resort
are
,
and
yet
these
to
vent
so
much
Beer
or
Ale
,
is
wonderfull
!
How
much
then
is
consumed
in
great
Passages
,
common
Roads
,
great
Towns
,
Markets
,
or
Cities
,
wastfully
and
wickedly
,
if
so
much
be
in
Corners
remote
,
and
not
thought
of
?
so
that
were
there
a
suppression
hereof
,
how
would
Idleness
be
abashed
?
men
would
scarce
stand
idle
in
open
wayes
,
or
passages
,
for
shame
,
wife
and
children
enjoy
their
Fathers
,
and
Husbands
at
home
,
if
doing
little
,
yet
not
consuming
that
they
have
got
already
,
and
the
Markets
more
full
,
and
plentifull
of
corn
so
miserably
wasted
;
And
therefore
as
I
highly
commend
these
Lawes
we
have
already
,
and
praise
God
for
them
,
so
I
humbly
pray
a
quickning
of
their
execution
,
wherein
our
Worthies
,
had
they
not
so
heavy
pressures
upon
their
shoulders
,
as
are
ready
to
break
their
backs
,
(
I
am
sure
they
have
broke
the
spirits
already
of
divers
,
whose
loss
we
have
cause
to
lament
with
watery
eyes
)
they
might
humbly
be
implored
for
some
Inlivening
,
Quickning
,
Lawes
,
with
such
strict
penalties
annexed
to
the
execution
of
them
,
as
the
Discoverer
or
Projector
might
not
onely
be
rewarded
,
but
commended
and
protected
from
disgrace
and
calumny
.
The
second
generall
cause
of
Barrenness
is
in
the
Earth
itself
,
A
generall
cause
of
Barrenness
.
and
the
principall
causes
of
her
Barrenness
are
very
many
,
some
are
obvious
to
the
Judgement
,
and
understanding
of
all
,
Tilling
.
as
tilling
Land
till
it
bear
no
corn
.
And
mowing
Ground
till
it
Graze
no
more
,
or
yeeld
no
grass
;
all
which
are
easily
to
be
remedied
if
men
would
learn
moderation
.
But
my
design
lyes
not
so
much
in
Reproving
,
as
Improving
,
and
discovering
that
there
are
many
causes
which
lie
more
obscure
,
and
are
either
not
discerned
at
all
,
or
else
not
adjudged
any
cause
of
Barrenness
,
or
hinderance
of
the
Earth
her
fertility
,
and
so
not
at
all
endeavoured
to
be
removed
;
and
they
are
in
some
Lands
;
extreme
Coldness
of
nature
;
having
a
moist
springing
water
lying
near
,
or
just
under
the
surface
or
superficies
of
the
Earth
,
which
doth
either
eat
away
or
devour
the
Sap
,
Fruit
,
and
Strength
of
the
said
Lands
,
or
else
breed
and
increase
the
Rush
,
and
Flagg
,
which
groweth
in
the
room
of
Grass
,
and
eateth
away
the
same
.
Another
cause
is
Rockiness
,
Stoniness
,
and
Gravelliness
,
Rockiness
.
all
which
many
times
lie
so
near
the
surface
of
the
Land
,
that
they
devour
much
of
the
Earth
,
and
so
make
that
little
left
so
weak
,
that
it
can
scarce
bring
forth
any
fruit
.
Another
cause
is
lying
Mountainous
,
Mountainous
.
sometimes
so
near
the
Sea
,
that
the
Vapors
and
Fogs
,
that
come
from
thence
,
anoy
the
same
.
Also
lying
far
from
the
Sun
and
in
shady
parts
occasioneth
Barrenness
.
Another
cause
of
Barrenness
is
the
unsuitable
,
unnaturall
laying
down
of
Land
to
Graze
,
Improvidence
laying
down
all
Lands
.
a
cause
scarce
imagined
so
to
be
;
or
the
present
ill
lying
of
Land
,
that
hath
layen
long
,
and
was
ancient
Inclosure
,
al
which
are
infinitely
more
prejudiciall
to
the
fertility
thereof
than
can
be
imagined
,
till
contrary
experience
hath
discovered
it
:
(
viz
)
For
that
Land
that
is
sandy
,
How
to
lay
down
warm
Land
.
warm
,
or
gravelly
,
that
to
be
laid
on
high
Ridge
or
Furrow
is
directly
contrary
to
the
naturall
fruitfulness
of
that
Land
;
And
that
which
is
of
a
cold
,
moist
,
spewing
or
weeping
nature
,
for
that
to
be
laid
down
flat
or
levell
,
How
cold
Land
.
is
to
the
ruin
and
destruction
of
that
also
,
and
is
an
extreme
on
the
other
hand
.
The
latter
sort
requireth
high
ridged
Lands
,
and
clear
open
Furrowes
;
and
the
first
sort
the
contrary
:
and
especially
all
lands
whatsoever
to
be
laid
down
in
good
heart
and
strength
.
Also
another
cause
is
the
standing
of
the
winter
water
upon
the
land
,
Standing
water
in
winter
.
or
the
rain
of
Heaven
;
I
say
not
the
running
over
lands
,
so
that
it
may
be
laid
dry
at
pleasure
,
but
the
standing
,
soaking
water
breeds
the
Rush
and
fowleness
,
and
likewise
gnawes
out
the
heart
and
strength
of
it
,
like
the
worm
at
the
stomack
,
and
devoureth
the
strength
of
it
,
as
experience
will
shew
in
mady
parts
of
the
Land
,
where
great
Balkes
betwixt
Lands
,
Hades
,
Meares
,
or
Divisions
betwixt
Land
and
Land
are
left
,
and
one
Furlong
butting
,
or
Hadlanding
,
upon
other
Furlogns
,
makes
such
a
stoppage
of
the
free
passage
of
the
water
,
that
a
great
part
of
that
land
lyeth
as
it
were
drowned
a
great
part
of
the
year
,
that
it
overcomes
not
that
backing
many
times
till
near
Midsummer
,
when
other
sound
Lands
have
yeelded
a
full
half
yeares
profit
,
and
so
for
half
a
year
yeelds
little
or
no
profit
at
all
.
Another
great
prejudice
is
the
Mole-hills
,
Mole
hils
.
and
the
Ant-hills
,
although
I
shall
not
directly
argue
hence
Barrenness
naturally
,
yet
accidentally
they
much
barrennize
it
,
therefore
I
shall
demonstrate
the
evil
of
both
;
for
the
Mole-hills
that
destroyes
some
part
of
the
Land
,
by
the
severall
casting
up
of
much
mould
upon
the
Grass
,
all
which
are
hinderanees
very
great
to
the
increase
of
the
owner
.
But
for
the
Ant-hils
,
if
my
opinion
fail
not
excedingly
,
they
are
grand
enemies
to
the
Grazier
,
and
Husbandmans
advantage
,
they
destroy
more
than
men
observe
,
I
do
beleeve
that
in
some
great
Pastures
in
England
,
there
is
one
fourth
part
of
the
clear
fruit
of
that
Land
lost
by
the
multiplicity
of
them
,
and
little
better
in
other
pastures
by
the
Molehills
:
for
although
some
are
of
opinion
that
the
Ant-hills
are
little
or
no
prejudice
,
they
are
much
mistaken
,
and
they
will
clearly
bee
convinced
thereof
,
if
they
will
but
either
seriously
consider
the
quantity
of
grass
that
groweth
upon
them
,
or
else
consider
the
rareness
of
Cattle
feeding
upon
them
,
and
then
also
consider
the
quantity
of
Ground
,
and
good
Ground
,
they
cover
,
will
easily
appear
the
great
prejudice
by
them
.
And
that
the
sand
and
gravell
washed
from
the
Mole-hill
,
is
a
great
cause
of
rotting
Sheep
I
absolutely
affirm
.
But
thereto
some
may
object
,
they
make
more
ground
.
I
Answer
,
Ob.
they
do
,
such
as
it
is
;
destroy
a
lesser
good
quantity
of
Land
,
Ans.
and
add
possibly
a
double
bad
:
but
let
them
consider
that
this
Addition
is
a
great
Substraction
;
for
if
you
weigh
what
I
said
before
,
they
bear
little
,
or
no
grass
,
a
little
wild
Time
,
and
speary
harsh
grass
,
that
Cattell
eat
not
but
a
little
thereof
in
case
of
hunger
;
And
I
am
sure
they
cover
a
great
deal
of
good
land
.
Doe
but
really
consider
it
upon
experience
made
upon
one
Acre
,
and
thou
shalt
find
that
one
Acre
plain
or
bancked
shall
do
as
much
service
as
an
Acre
and
near
an
half
shall
do
that
is
so
hilly
;
And
again
,
if
you
do
not
flatter
your selves
in
your
own
judgments
,
you
will
find
that
while
the
Land
was
plain
,
if
you
consider
the
fruit
it
then
yeelded
,
and
the
Cattle
it
then
maintained
,
you
will
find
there
is
no
proportion
between
what
it
then
kept
,
and
what
it
now
maintaines
,
for
in
my
experience
I
find
that
old
resty
Land
,
much
overrun
with
these
hills
,
much
degenerates
,
and
doth
not
,
nor
hath
of
late
yeares
kept
the
former
usuall
Stock
it
kept
before
it
grew
so
hilly
,
and
so
old
,
by
near
or
about
one
fourth
part
,
which
I
am
sure
is
as
much
or
more
advantage
,
or
clear
profit
,
the
Grazier
,
Breeder
,
or
Tenant
need
expect
;
and
although
some
will
not
acknowledge
their
experience
herein
yet
many
I
am
sure
they
find
it
by
losing
proof
,
besides
the
danger
of
casting
their
Cattle
and
Sheep
betwixt
the
Hills
,
which
oft
destroyes
them
.
Another
cause
of
Barrenness
is
Bogginess
or
Mieriness
,
Bogginess
.
which
turns
all
Lands
,
both
bad
,
good
,
and
better
,
into
such
a
state
of
Barrenness
&
unfruitfulness
,
that
it
in
some
parts
almost
destroyes
the
Land
,
and
in
other
parts
it
wholly
destroyes
it
,
and
in
some
places
makes
it
worse
than
nothing
;
fo●
in
stead
of
yeelding
some
fruit
,
it
not
onely
yeeldeth
none
,
but
corrupts
and
prejudiceth
other
Lands
on
which
it
borders
,
and
it self
most
dangerous
to
mischieve
the
Goods
or
Chattell
that
do
pasture
upon
the
same
,
and
so
may
be
accidentally
many
degrees
worse
than
nothing
.
Another
cause
of
Barrenness
is
the
Overflowing
,
Constant
resting
of
the
water
on
that
Land
.
and
constant
abiding
or
resting
of
the
waters
of
the
Sea
,
Fenns
,
Rivers
,
standing
Lakes
or
Pools
,
for
be
it
fresh
or
salt
water
,
if
it
lye
constantly
upon
it
,
it
assuredly
destroyeth
it
▪
although
some
more
,
some
less
,
according
to
the
deepness
,
and
barrenness
of
the
water
which
covers
it
,
&
the
soundness
of
the
ground
on
which
it
lyeth
,
so
is
the
fruitfulness
more
or
less
perspicuous
.
Some
pretend
strange
causes
which
my
plainess
fathomes
not
,
nor
much
affects
our
Country
Farmers
now
.
Yet
one
more
I
must
not
pass
by
,
&
that
is
such
New
Inventions
for
the
Improving
of
Land
discovered
by
some
young
Husband-man
at
experiences
as
I
conceive
the
use
wherof
will
rather
destroy
Land
,
and
wast
a
mans
profits
therupon
,
than
advance
:
&
some
such
I
have
lately
found
in
a
little
book
called
New
Inventions
for
the
Improving
lands
,
Printed
for
J.
S.
and
sold
at
the
sign
of
the
Ball
on
Adling
hill
,
1646.
By
which
I
fearing
some
willing
to
lay
out
themselvs
in
Husbandry
experience
should
be
beguiled
by
his
so
great
overtures
of
Advantage
,
I
shall
onely
speak
to
two
or
three
particulars
,
and
leave
the
rest
to
thy
leisure
to
consider
of
.
First
,
As
to
his
manuring
Plough
,
manuring
Wagon
,
manuring
Stone
,
Corroding
Harrow
,
or
Corroding
Rakes
,
which
he
pretends
as
Improvements
,
so
far
as
my
shallow
Principles
will
compass
,
are
likely
to
prove
Impoverishers
,
because
while
a
man
stands
to
dress
his
Land
with
fine
mould
,
in
which
is
a
little
strength
,
his
Land
decayes
for
want
of
good
soyl
or
ranck
muck
,
which
he
may
sooner
lay
on
,
&
work
into
his
Land
by
the
old
way
,
than
he
may
his
fine
earth
by
his
new
devised
mysticall
Instruments
,
not
one
of
them
discovered
neither
;
but
puzzle
thy self
thou
mayst
about
the
thoughts
thereof
,
and
though
thou
givest
twice
as
much
for
the
book
as
it
is
worth
,
for
so
thou
must
,
thou
art
but
where
thou
wast
at
first
:
And
for
his
Seed-Barr●w
,
could
he
but
hold
that
forth
to
set
Corn
as
he
pretends
,
it
might
be
of
some
good
use
,
because
certainly
setting
Corn
,
could
it
be
done
with
speed
,
and
at
a
certain
depth
,
and
well
covered
,
would
be
worth
discovering
;
but
of
this
I
have
as
little
hope
and
as
low
an
esteem
as
of
his
other
aforesaid
Instruments
,
because
he
holds
it
out
to
contain
one
Tunnell
onely
for
his
Seed
,
which
did
it
contain
a
hundred
,
would
more
likely
prove
;
for
in
setting
one
seed
at
once
,
no
Engine
can
come
near
the
hand-setting
as
I
conceive
;
And
this
I
charge
as
a
great
prejudice
,
and
may
be
as
a
barrenning
the
land
,
while
men
stand
looking
for
great
things
,
they
neglect
their
ordinary
and
old
way
of
Hushandry
,
far
better
.
Another
cause
of
Barrenness
which
this
Gentleman
puts
as
a
meanes
of
Improvement
is
the
setting
up
or
banking
into
a
mans
land
the
Rain
water
,
or
cold
Spring
water
,
and
then
trampling
in
dung
by
carting
and
cattell
,
as
he
saith
,
will
raise
and
increase
mire
and
dirt
;
and
so
it
will
,
I
must
confess
,
but
what
that
mireand
dirt
is
worth
,
I
know
not
:
the
dung
would
be
excellent
good
of
it self
,
but
what
it
will
be
in
this
course
of
husbandry
,
I
not
only
much
question
,
but
affirm
,
that
in
all
my
experience
,
that
treading
,
poching
,
and
holing
land
in
winter
,
was
an
exceeding
great
hinderance
to
Corn
or
Grass
that
Spring
;
nay
some
Land
I
have
known
so
poched
by
Cattels
treading
,
though
fothered
upon
the
same
,
both
in
Kent
and
Essex
,
and
many
other
parts
,
that
it
hath
not
recovered
of
divers
years
:
And
what
strength
or
vertue
cold
spring-water
or
rain-water
hath
to
fatten
any
land
,
I
know
not
,
but
wonder
then
how
we
have
any
barren
land
in
England
.
And
to
make
good
his
Assertion
,
he
appeales
to
them
that
float
Land
by
Rivers
,
whose
practice
clean
confutes
his
opinion
,
who
study
to
drain
their
Land
as
fast
as
float
it
;
and
the
best
and
most
skilfull
of
them
will
drown
none
at
all
,
unless
for
a
day
or
two
,
but
drain
as
fast
,
and
draw
off
as
fast
as
they
bring
it
on
:
And
to
prove
his
Tenent
,
he
affirms
how
advantageous
it
will
be
in
keeping
up
the
flouds
by
his
inbankments
to
secure
the
Fens
from
drowning
,
which
is
as
likely
as
to
keep
the
Sea
from
flowing
after
ebbing
;
for
he
that
will
make
banks
to
keep
in
Land-flouds
,
may
as
well
make
a
hedge
to
keep
in
the
Cuckow
;
and
whereas
he
pretends
hereby
to
raise
new
Springs
,
that
may
be
;
sure
I
am
he
will
raise
new
Quick-sands
,
and
what
good
use
they
are
of
,
I
am
yet
to
learn
.
And
for
Barren
Land
which
he
seemes
so
well
skilled
in
the
Improvement
,
which
he
desires
to
purchase
,
I
will
help
him
to
enough
,
if
he
will
either
be
pleased
to
return
a
mi●d
answer
if
my
plainess
have
offended
him
,
or
else
practically
make
good
what
he
hath
affirmed
;
for
that
a
man
doth
do
,
is
far
more
credible
than
that
he
affirmes
he
can
do
.
Many
other
causes
of
offences
might
be
spoken
unto
,
but
they
are
referred
to
a
more
proper
Opportunity
,
wherein
they
may
receive
a
more
suitable
capacity
of
removall
,
and
will
be
dropped
into
the
discourse
at
large
,
as
occasion
most
seasonably
is
administred
.
And
so
I
proceed
to
the
Recoveries
of
the
said
Barrenness
.
But
before
I
descend
to
the
particulars
,
consider
the
severall
sorts
of
Lands
that
will
admit
of
Improvement
,
Which
I
consider
under
two
Generall
Heads
.
First
,
1
Head
.
all
inclosed
,
Severall
Land
,
whether
Meadow
or
Pasture
.
Secondly
,
2
Head
.
Common
Lands
,
whether
Arable
or
Grazing
.
First
,
Severall
inclosed
Lands
I
divide
into
three
sorts
,
or
else
will
rank
them
under
three
Heads
.
1
First
shall
be
our
worst
sort
of
Lands
of
what
nature
soever
they
be
,
from
the
value
of
one
shilling
per
Acre
,
to
Ten
shillings
;
The
Improvement
whereof
will
fall
under
most
of
the
six
particular
Pieces
,
it
being
capable
of
most
and
greatest
Improvement
.
2
Secondly
,
is
our
middle
sorts
of
Lands
,
from
the
value
of
Ten
shillings
per
Acre
,
unto
Twenty
,
which
falls
naturally
under
the
third
Piece
or
way
of
Improvement
,
yet
is
capable
oft
times
to
fall
under
some
or
most
of
the
other
Pieces
also
.
3
Third
shall
be
our
richest
Land
,
from
Twenty
shillings
per
Acre
,
to
forty
,
and
from
forty
to
three
or
four
Pounds
an
Acre
;
some
of
this
sort
will
admit
of
very
little
or
no
Improvement
,
having
all
Naturall
,
and
Artificiall
experiments
already
made
upon
it
,
but
some
others
of
this
richer
sort
will
admit
of
a
very
considerable
Improvement
,
and
is
principally
discovered
under
the
sixt
Piece
.
Neither
can
I
say
that
all
Lands
without
exception
of
the
two
former
sorts
may
be
Improved
:
For
possibly
,
and
out
of
question
very
much
is
Improved
already
,
and
others
may
lie
so
void
of
any
capacity
of
Improvement
,
that
either
there
may
be
none
at
all
,
or
else
none
that
will
raise
such
Improvements
,
as
will
well
and
sufficiently
requite
the
charge
and
cost
bestowed
;
but
comparatively
not
much
of
this
in
England
.
Only
improve
upon
great
advantage
.
And
my
design
is
principally
to
hold
onely
forth
possbilities
of
Improving
at
a
far
inferiour
charge
to
the
cost
bestowed
,
and
the
Improvement
made
from
such
materialls
,
as
generally
are
lost
,
or
little
or
no
whit
practised
in
most
parts
of
the
Land
.
The
second
Generall
are
our
common
Lands
,
whether
errable
,
constantly
unde
Tillage
,
such
as
are
our
common
fields
,
all
the
fieldon
or
field
Land
throughout
the
Nation
,
of
which
there
may
be
three
sorts
also
,
Bad
,
Better
,
Best
of
all
,
and
all
and
every
part
thereof
may
be
very
much
and
manifoldly
advanced
,
under
some
or
all
of
the
aforesaid
Pieces
;
or
else
whether
it
be
Commons
or
Commune
of
Pastures
upon
those
great
and
vast
Commons
,
called
Heaths
,
Forrests
,
Moores
,
Marshes
,
Meades
,
or
whatsoever
of
them
,
Those
also
may
admit
of
a
very
great
Advancement
,
and
these
Lands
will
fall
familiarly
under
every
Piece
,
according
to
their
severall
values
,
and
capacities
,
but
most
especially
under
the
third
and
fourth
Piece
,
treating
of
Tillage
,
and
Inclosure
.
And
then
I
shall
proceed
to
shew
you
the
nature
of
each
sorts
of
Lands
whereby
the
Remedies
will
be
most
facile
and
easie
in
the
application
.
And
so
I
have
ended
the
first
Generall
.
The
second
Generall
Head
holds
forth
the
severall
meanes
of
Cure
:
Or
the
reducement
of
Land
unto
Fruitfulness
and
Fertility
,
discovered
under
the
first
Piece
of
Improvement
of
floating
or
watering
Lands
.
CHAP.
III.
Shewes
the
first
Cure
or
Remedy
against
Barrenness
,
and
therein
discourseth
what
Lands
are
most
suitable
to
watering
:
Aud
how
to
gain
watering
upon
the
same
.
BUt
before
I
discourse
the
same
at
large
,
I
shall
only
say
that
there
are
severall
Remedies
against
the
said
Barrenness
,
or
divers
meanes
of
reducing
these
Lands
to
their
naturall
fruitfulness
,
or
to
the
Improvement
of
them
to
a
more
Supernaturall
Advance
than
they
were
ever
known
to
be
.
To
which
I
must
premonish
the
Reader
,
that
here
lyeth
all
the
Skill
and
Kernell
,
which
being
made
forth
in
some
good
measure
,
I
hope
will
give
thee
such
satisfaction
that
thou
wilt
not
onely
vouchsafe
me
the
reading
and
thy
credit
thereto
,
but
also
be
a
practioner
therein
;
Which
done
with
delight
,
will
not
onely
produce
the
reall
advantage
here
discovered
,
but
far
greater
:
For
these
things
are
,
and
may
be
brought
to
a
greater
height
of
Advancement
,
by
how
much
the
more
Ingenuity
and
Activity
is
exercised
in
the
Prosecution
and
Experimenting
of
them
,
and
to
a
greater
discovery
by
a
constant
familiar
use
of
them
,
which
is
the
true
and
reall
end
of
his
Discovery
;
and
the
Proverb
herein
best
will
hold
;
The
more
the
Merrier
.
The
Cure
followes
now
more
largely
.
ALl
sorts
of
Lands
,
of
what
nature
or
quality
soever
they
be
,
under
what
Climate
soever
,
of
what
constitution
or
condition
soever
,
of
what
face
or
character
soever
they
be
(
unless
it
be
such
as
Naturally
participates
of
so
much
fatness
,
which
Artificially
it
may
be
raised
unto
)
wil
admit
of
a
very
large
Improvement
.
Yet
the
fattest
Land
was
,
hath
been
,
or
may
be
bettered
by
good
husbandry
.
And
such
are
the
Lands
that
lye
near
or
bordering
upon
any
River
,
Under
great
Rivers
will
be
the
best
Land
.
or
small
Brooks
,
your
little
Rivers
,
and
Rivulets
,
admitting
of
greater
falls
and
descents
than
your
bigger
Rivers
do
,
which
run
more
dull
&
slow
,
more
dead
and
levell
,
whereby
little
Opportunity
will
be
gained
of
bringing
but
little
Land
to
so
great
advance
by
them
,
but
where
the
greater
Rivers
can
be
gained
over
any
Lands
,
there
will
the
Improvement
be
the
greatest
,
and
the
Lands
made
the
richest
,
And
under
lesser
the
greater
quantities
and
greatest
Improvement
.
the
greater
Rivers
being
usually
the
fruit-fullest
,
having
more
Land-floods
fall
into
them
;
But
under
your
lesser
Brooks
may
your
greatest
quantities
of
Land
be
gained
,
and
your
water
most
easily
and
with
small
charge
be
brought
over
greater
parcels
than
upon
greater
Rivers
.
1
For
the
discovering
of
such
Lands
as
lie
under
this
Capacity
,
you
must
seriously
consider
the
Situation
of
your
Lands
;
If
your
Lands
be
a
little
hilly
,
and
your
Brooks
run
more
swiftly
,
more
Lands
may
be
brought
under
them
:
Also
if
your
Lands
lye
more
shelving
or
descending
towards
the
River
,
or
any
low
descent
whatever
,
that
your
water
may
fall
off
as
fast
as
it
cometh
on
,
the
quicker
and
easier
will
your
Land
be
Improved
,
especially
if
your
Land
be
sound
,
light
,
or
gravelly
:
This
is
a
most
gallant
opportunity
,
let
your
Lands
be
what
they
will
,
or
of
what
nature
soever
,
if
it
lie
descending
,
the
advance
will
be
great
enough
,
if
you
have
either
a
constant
stream
,
or
Landflood
.
And
here
let
me
(
good
Reader
)
advertise
thee
of
one
Piece
of
husbandry
,
most
highly
commended
of
most
men
;
And
truly
so
it
is
very
commendable
,
and
excellent
,
compar'd
either
with
those
that
use
none
,
or
else
neglect
this
where
it
may
be
done
,
which
is
this
,
Many
Gentlemen
have
assaid
to
water
their
Lands
,
by
setting
the
Water
in
Pooles
,
Setting
water
on
Pooles
or
Lakes
not
so
excellent
.
Ponds
,
or
Lakes
upon
them
,
and
continuing
it
standing
,
and
soaking
many
daies
and
weeks
together
;
yea
some
practise
it
although
their
lands
have
layen
descending
;
and
then
draw
their
Sluces
,
or
remove
their
stoppages
,
and
drain
away
all
their
water
again
;
to
which
way
of
flowing
,
I
incourage
all
men
rather
than
neglect
all
,
and
honour
them
therein
;
yet
if
they
please
to
make
experiment
of
the
succeeding
way
of
floating
,
they
will
easily
let
this
fall
;
The
excellency
whereof
consists
in
the
speedy
taking
away
the
Water
,
as
soon
as
it
is
brought
on
;
And
onely
suffer
it
to
run
over
,
and
so
with
all
speed
run
off
into
some
drayning
Trench
again
:
The
Method
whereof
shall
at
large
be
handled
,
by
which
,
such
a
concealed
Advantage
will
be
discovered
,
that
men
will
wonder
how
they
were
so
easily
deceived
.
Wherein
I
shall
be
somewhat
larger
,
because
able
men
much
differ
both
in
their
opinions
of
both
waies
of
watering
,
as
also
in
their
manner
of
working
the
same
.
My
advise
shall
he
,
never
cover
thy
Land
with
a
standing
Water
,
In
what
Cases
to
cover
land
by
Water
.
unless
for
a
day
or
two
,
or
else
in
case
thy
Land
should
be
so
Levell
that
it
hath
no
descent
at
all
,
then
better
set
the
Water
upon
it
,
than
neglect
it
,
so
thou
be
sure
to
drain
it
after
one
or
two
days
standing
,
and
then
bring
it
on
again
,
&
take
it
off
again
,
as
aforesaid
,
yet
it
is
impossible
ever
to
produce
the
like
effect
,
as
it
shall
according
to
the
subsequent
directions
;
Because
it
neither
receives
the
full
fruit
,
or
fatness
of
the
water
so
fully
and
kindly
,
nor
is
grazable
and
feedable
so
soon
,
nor
yet
so
richly
as
in
the
other
kind
of
working
.
2.
After
thou
hast
considered
the
Situation
of
thy
Lands
,
as
aforesaid
,
then
search
,
and
find
out
the
lowest
part
of
thy
Lands
,
and
there
having
found
such
a
Levell
or
descent
,
as
will
lay
all
thy
Lands
dry
again
,
as
thou
shalt
have
occasion
to
float
them
,
which
drain
must
be
wrought
So
deep
,
as
that
thou
maist
go
under
that
corrupt
feeding
,
or
springy
moisture
,
that
breeds
and
feeds
the
Rush
,
Flag
,
and
Mareblab
,
or
else
causes
thy
Land
to
turn
Spewing
,
Morish
,
or
boggy
,
which
two
Advantages
,
if
thou
hadst
discovered
,
and
found
upon
thy
Land
(
which
little
Land
in
England
,
but
hath
one
or
both
of
them
)
come
to
the
third
Direction
,
and
,
3.
Therein
consider
seriously
the
nature
of
thy
Land
,
Land
sad
and
moist
worst
to
Improve
by
watering
.
which
if
it
be
cold
,
and
of
a
sad
Nature
,
moyst
and
spewing
,
and
lie
very
Levell
,
It
will
require
then
a
very
good
Land-flood
,
or
a
constant
River
to
overflow
it
,
and
other
barren
hungry
Water
will
do
very
little
good
thereof
.
But
,
if
either
thy
Land
be
Gravell
,
Land
found
,
dry
,
and
warm
the
best
.
or
of
a
sound
,
warm
,
sandy
,
or
mixed
nature
,
and
any
whit
descending
,
then
any
Running
stream
will
have
a
gallant
Operation
,
The
warmer
,
lighter
,
and
sounder
is
the
Land
,
the
greater
is
the
Advantage
.
These
particulars
discovered
,
out
of
question
thou
hast
a
wonderfull
advantage
before
thee
,
especially
if
thou
hast
any
great
length
and
quantity
of
Land
along
the
River
,
or
by
a
great
Road-way
side
,
or
else
hast
any
good
Land-floods
from
great
Towns
or
Cities
,
make
as
much
of
these
Advantages
,
and
prize
them
as
thy
Lands
,
for
though
hereby
thou
canst
make
thy
Lands
no
more
,
yet
thou
mayst
make
them
so
much
better
,
as
thou
canst
desire
.
Suppose
some
man
of
great
credit
should
say
,
Sir
,
you
have
two
hundred
Acres
in
such
a
place
,
what
if
I
should
lay
you
a
hundred
more
in
the
midst
of
them
?
he
would
wonder
at
it
;
yet
because
of
the
credit
of
him
that
spake
it
,
he
doth
not
wholly
disdain
it
,
and
if
it
could
be
done
,
he
deserved
thanks
for
it
;
but
he
doth
do
it
really
,
though
not
in
kind
,
that
advanceth
or
Improves
the
Land
but
one
third
part
,
that
makes
Two
Acres
as
good
as
Three
,
much
more
he
that
makes
One
as
good
as
Three
,
or
Five
,
or
Ten
,
as
before
this
watering
business
be
done
shall
clearly
appear
;
&
so
I
descend
to
the
working
out
the
same
.
I
had
forgot
another
sort
of
Land
which
is
your
Boggy
Quagmiry
Land
,
Boggy
Lands
good
for
watering
.
no
less
capable
of
a
mighty
Improvement
if
it
fall
under
the
opportunity
of
floating
,
and
ly
any
whit
descending
.
CHAP.
IV.
Shewes
how
to
work
thy
Land
and
Water
,
so
as
to
reduce
it
,
and
work
out
the
Improvement
promised
.
WHerein
a
little
consider
of
the
way
of
both
fitting
thy
Land
to
thy
Water
,
&
thy
Water
to
thy
Land
,
with
the
truest
,
naturallest
,
&
properest
Seasons
for
bringing
it
on
,
and
taking
it
off
,
and
thou
shalt
see
an
admired
issue
.
And
being
resolved
that
thou
hast
an
opportunity
upon
thy
Lands
to
make
this
Improvement
out
,
Plot
out
thy
Land
into
such
a
Modell
or
Platform
as
thou
maist
be
sure
that
all
thy
Land
thou
designest
to
this
Improvement
,
may
not
fail
therin
,
I
mean
that
all
thy
Lands
thou
resolvest
to
float
may
be
under
the
true
Levell
of
thy
Water
;
And
that
this
may
be
,
I
shall
here
discover
to
thee
how
to
carry
thy
Water
upon
the
Levell
,
that
thou
shalt
lose
no
ground
,
neither
carry
it
so
dead
,
that
thou
canst
not
kindly
work
it
,
&
this
precisely
observed
,
may
be
in
stead
of
many
Persian
Wheels
so
highly
commended
by
Mr
Gabriel
Plats
,
which
Wheel
is
also
commendable
,
&
may
be
very
usefull
,
where
either
no
good
falls
can
be
gained
,
nor
other
wales
the
water
cannot
be
raised
to
higher
parts
of
ground
you
desire
to
water
;
The
description
of
which
Persian
Wheel
I
hope
to
give
thee
before
this
discourse
be
ended
,
And
also
intend
in
my
Additions
;
if
not
where
I
describe
&
figure
out
the
Persian
Wheel
,
to
discover
a
far
better
Engine
,
that
shal
with
less
strength
raise
a
greater
quantity
of
water
for
any
use
.
And
now
for
the
Method
or
way
of
working
thy
Water
upon
thy
Land
without
this
Wheel
,
which
will
require
a
double
stream
,
one
to
drive
it
,
and
another
to
be
raised
,
&
without
the
charge
of
all
other
appurtenances
to
the
said
Wheel
belonging
,
as
Dams
,
Sluces
,
&c.
and
the
maintenance
of
the
same
for
preservation
of
this
charge
,
and
for
the
moee
easy
working
the
Improvement
.
Take
a
most
exact
Survey
of
thy
Water
,
not
by
thy
Eye
onely
,
but
by
,
and
with
a
true
exact
Water
Levell
,
which
is
an
instrument
though
plain
and
easy
,
yet
rarely
made
nor
used
among
us
,
which
shall
be
largely
described
among
other
Tools
in
the
tenth
Chapter
;
How
to
begin
the
first
piece
of
watering
.
then
either
begin
at
the
over
end
,
or
neather
end
of
thy
Land
,
which
thou
pleasest
,
if
at
the
over
end
,
where
the
water
first
entreth
into
thy
Land
.
And
by
thy
Levell
discover
and
plot
out
where
thy
water
will
go
along
thy
Land
,
as
thou
goest
downeward
,
that
so
thou
maiest
lose
no
Land
,
that
will
easily
be
brought
under
thy
water
;
Then
cut
out
thy
Master
Trench
or
Water-course
if
thou
pleasest
to
such
a
bigness
as
may
contain
all
thy
Land-floud
,
especially
to
bring
it
within
thy
Land
,
and
so
bring
down
thy
whole
Water-course
together
:
But
the
most
certainest
way
is
,
as
soon
as
thou
hast
brought
thy
Water
within
thy
Land
,
upon
the
superficies
of
it
,
then
carry
it
along
in
a
foot
broad
Trench
or
lesser
all
along
thy
Levell
,
which
Water
will
be
a
great
help
,
and
a
second
and
truer
Levell
than
the
other
,
and
in
thy
working
of
it
thou
shalt
find
all
little
enough
too
prevent
too
dead
a
Levell
,
&
yet
lose
no
Ground
neither
:
If
thy
Levell
be
too
dead
,
the
lesser
stream
will
follow
thee
,
so
that
a
convenient
descent
must
be
minded
also
to
give
the
water
a
fair
and
plausible
passage
or
current
all
along
.
And
if
thou
discover
in
his
lesser
Trench
,
any
mistake
or
failing
,
then
thou
mayest
with
more
ease
and
less
charge
amend
the
same
easily
by
going
higher
upon
thy
Land
,
or
lower
towards
the
water
,
&
stop
up
the
same
again
(
for
thy
Trench
need
be
no
deeper
than
the
thickness
of
thy
over
Turff
)
and
cut
out
a
new
,
and
so
thou
mayst
most
certainly
demonstrate
where
thy
main
work
shall
go
without
hazard
,
which
will
be
a
great
.
certainty
,
and
little
loss
.
This
done
,
thou
mayest
cut
out
thy
water-course
,
and
be
sure
it
be
large
enough
to
contain
the
whole
Water
thou
needest
or
intendest
,
and
so
thou
have
longitude
or
length
of
ground
,
the
Trench
must
be
the
broader
,
not
the
deeper
,
for
a
shallow
Trench
is
best
for
this
work
.
And
when
thou
hast
brought
it
so
far
into
thy
land
,
as
thou
hast
any
land
to
work
upon
,
thou
mayst
a
little
narrow
thy
Course
as
thou
seest
the
quantity
of
thy
land
,
or
water
requires
,
&
so
far
as
thou
wouldest
have
thy
course
float
over
all
at
once
,
thou
must
cut
thy
trench
narrower
&
narrower
,
all
along
to
the
neather
end
,
that
so
without
stops
and
staies
it
may
flow
all
along
at
once
,
the
Trench
being
narrower
and
narrower
,
that
Water
that
comes
within
the
Trench
when
it
is
wider
must
needs
be
thrust
out
when
the
narrower
cannot
contain
it
;
for
here
is
the
true
excellency
of
this
sort
of
Trenches
;
and
thus
should
all
thy
floating
Trenches
bee
made
in
every
work
.
As
soon
as
thou
hast
brought
thy
water
upon
thy
Land
,
and
turned
it
over
,
or
upon
it
,
then
as
aforesaid
,
be
sure
thou
take
it
off
as
speedy
as
possibly
,
and
so
fail
not
to
cut
out
thy
work
,
so
as
unless
thy
Land
bee
very
sound
,
and
thy
Land-floud
very
Rich
,
thou
must
take
it
off
the
sooner
by
a
deep
drayning
Trench
,
therefore
I
prescribe
thee
no
certain
breadth
betwixt
floating
and
drayning
Trenches
,
but
if
thy
Land
is
sounder
and
Dryer
,
or
lieth
more
Descending
,
How
to
make
the
drayning
Trench
.
thou
mayest
let
it
run
the
broader
,
and
as
the
Land
is
Moyst
,
Sad
,
Rushey
and
Levell
,
let
it
run
the
lesser
breadth
or
compass
;
And
for
thy
drayning
Trench
it
must
bee
made
so
deep
that
it
goe
to
the
bottom
of
the
cold
spewing
moyst
water
,
that
feeds
the
Flagg
and
Rush
;
for
the
wideness
of
it
,
use
thine
own
liberty
,
but
bee
sure
to
make
it
so
wide
as
thou
mayest
goe
to
the
bottom
of
it
,
which
must
bee
so
low
as
any
moysture
lyeth
,
which
moysture
usually
lyeth
under
the
over
and
second
swarth
of
the
Earth
,
in
some
Gravell
or
Sand
,
or
else
,
where
some
greater
Stones
are
mixt
with
clay
,
under
which
thou
must
go
half
one
Spades
graft
deep
at
lest
:
Yea
suppose
this
corruption
that
feeds
and
nourisheth
the
Rush
or
Flagg
should
lie
a
yard
or
four
foot
deep
,
to
the
bottom
of
it
thou
must
go
,
if
ever
thou
wilt
drain
it
to
purpose
,
or
make
the
utmost
advantage
of
either
floating
or
draining
,
without
which
thy
water
cannot
have
its
kindly
Operation
:
for
though
the
water
fatten
naturally
,
yet
still
this
Coldness
and
Moisture
lies
gnawing
within
,
and
not
being
taken
clean
away
,
it
eats
out
what
the
Water
fattens
.
And
this
also
I
must
desire
thee
seriously
to
observe
,
that
as
soon
as
thy
Water
hath
spent
it self
,
and
the
Earth
or
Grass
hath
exhausted
and
drawn
out
of
the
Water
her
strength
and
richness
,
then
how
long
soever
it
runs
longer
and
further
,
it
prejudiceth
and
corrupts
it
by
breeding
the
Rushes
in
abundance
:
The
water
running
trickling
among
the
Grass
,
and
upon
the
Earth
,
Shewes
how
the
water
is
fruitfull
.
leaving
her
Thickness
,
Soyl
or
Filth
,
which
I
call
Richness
,
among
the
Grass
,
and
upon
the
Earth
,
and
it self
runneth
away
into
the
drayning
Trench
,
and
troubles
thee
no
more
,
and
so
the
Goodness
of
the
Water
is
as
it
were
Ridled
,
Screened
,
and
Strained
out
into
the
Land
,
and
the
Leaness
slideth
away
from
thee
,
which
can
never
be
done
,
neither
so
speedily
,
nor
so
purely
,
by
standing
on
Lakes
or
Pooles
,
besides
the
loss
of
the
Grazing
,
which
may
be
near
as
good
in
Winter
as
in
Summer
,
upon
a
good
Land-flood
or
rich
Waters
.
CHAP.
V.
Shewes
the
cause
of
water
its
fruitfulness
,
and
the
proper
season
of
watering
Lands
.
A
Rich
Land-flood
is
ever
the
washing
down
of
great
Road
wayes
,
Common
Fields
,
under
Tillage
;
or
else
from
great
Towns
,
Houses
or
Dunghills
;
The
riches
whereof
is
unvaluable
.
Consider
the
goodness
of
thy
Water
,
if
thy
Water
be
a
rich
Land-flood
,
or
a
lusty
gallant
Stream
,
it
will
run
further
and
wider
upon
thy
Land
with
life
and
fruitfulness
;
If
lean
,
thin
,
and
onely
from
Springs
and
Herbs
,
or
green
soard
,
t
is
more
barren
,
and
so
will
operate
upon
less
Lands
;
so
that
as
I
said
before
,
thou
must
well
observe
both
Land
and
Waters
suitableness
,
and
so
increase
the
latitude
or
breadth
of
thy
Land
thou
intendest
to
improve
with
that
stream
,
How
to
make
the
Drayning
Trench
,
before
it
fall
into
his
Drain
;
Which
Drain
thou
must
dig
,
or
make
straight
down
as
it
were
by
a
Perpendicular
plum-Line
,
which
will
drain
the
best
of
all
;
Or
else
thou
mayest
make
thy
Drain
,
or
Trench
;
somewhat
Taper
(
viz
)
Narrower
and
Narrower
downwards
,
which
will
keep
open
the
best
,
and
continue
longest
,
and
for
the
Widness
of
it
,
that
must
be
resolved
both
from
the
nature
of
the
ground
,
which
if
Sound
,
and
Dry
,
will
require
the
less
,
but
if
Moist
and
Boggy
,
the
Greater
and
Deeper
;
or
else
from
the
quantity
of
Water
it
is
to
receive
,
that
so
it
may
carry
it
all
away
plausibly
within
it self
,
&
for
the
drayning
Trench
be
sure
thou
indeavour
to
carry
it
as
near
upon
a
straight
Line
as
is
possible
,
the
Reason
shall
afterward
appear
:
This
work
is
of
more
advantage
,
and
more
to
thy
profit
than
thou
imaginest
,
but
thy
exercise
therein
will
teach
thee
more
.
Thou
must
also
well
consider
the
proper
seasons
of
the
year
,
The
best
floating
season
.
bringing
on
thy
water
,
which
is
in
the
beginning
of
Winter
,
when
Grass
groweth
least
,
and
beginns
to
fail
,
and
is
clean
eaten
off
thy
Land
,
all
Winter
long
is
very
seasonable
for
this
work
;
and
the
best
season
to
take
it
off
,
is
in
or
about
the
beginning
of
March
;
Upo●
moist
Land
.
thou
maiest
make
what
Improvement
almost
thou
desirest
also
upon
thy
moyst
,
cold
,
Land
,
if
thou
observe
the
directions
given
.
But
for
thy
warm
sound
Land
thou
maiest
continue
thy
water
,
Up●n
warm
Land
.
and
keep
it
working
upon
thy
Land
,
almost
all
the
year
round
,
Provided
that
thou
keep
it
not
too
long
upon
a
place
,
for
thou
must
be
sure
to
have
an
especiall
eye
,
that
thou
soak
not
thy
Land
too
much
,
that
Cattell
treading
,
or
Grazing
upon
it
,
foyl
it
not
,
for
th●n
the
Rush
will
come
upon
thee
,
and
it
will
overgrow
thee
,
and
exceedingly
prejudice
thy
hopes
,
(
mistake
me
not
)
I
speak
not
here
to
advise
thee
to
continue
thy
water
thus
long
upon
one
place
,
but
be
ever
removing
it
from
place
to
place
,
but
especially
to
shew
the
proper
seasons
to
make
use
of
this
Piece
of
Improvement
.
Thou
hast
also
another
great
advantage
hereby
,
having
water
drawn
over
thy
Land
,
thou
art
in
such
a
Capacity
that
in
case
of
drought
in
time
of
Summer
,
thou
needest
not
to
fear
it
,
A
double
Advantage
of
having
a
water
course
cut
out
.
thou
mayst
now
and
then
wet
over
thy
Land
in
the
heat
thereof
,
when
Grass
if
it
have
but
Moysture
,
will
grow
far
faster
in
so
hot
a
time
than
any
,
but
be
sure
not
to
soak
thy
ground
too
much
;
Keep
thy
Land
rather
in
a
thirsting
condition
,
not
glutted
ready
to
spew
it
up
again
,
so
maiest
thou
preserve
thy
Land
green
,
and
fruitfull
,
when
others
are
scorched
all
away
,
Then
may
a
weekes
Grass
or
a
Load
of
Hay
possibly
be
worth
Three
,
or
Four
.
I
my self
by
these
opportunities
,
President
of
one
year
cu●ting
but
five
or
six
and
the
next
twenty
four
.
have
cut
twenty
four
Load
in
a
Meadow
;
where
I
cut
but
five
or
six
the
year
before
,
when
Hay
sold
at
a
great
value
;
The
directions
exactly
followed
,
I
will
lose
my
Credit
if
thou
fail
of
the
effect
promised
.
And
for
thy
encouragement
,
President
of
sandy
Land
.
I
will
give
thee
a
president
or
two
:
Certain
Acres
of
light
,
sandy
Land
,
were
taken
for
a
Term
of
one
and
twenty
yeares
,
at
the
value
of
one
shilling
six
pence
per
Acre
,
and
that
was
more
than
it
was
worth
,
a
little
Brook
with
a
Land-flood
,
issuing
out
of
a
Common
Field
,
was
brought
over
it
,
the
Land
levelled
,
and
made
fit
and
even
to
receive
it
,
for
it
was
very
Irregular
,
and
of
great
high
Ridges
and
Furrowes
before
(
after
the
manner
of
that
Country
)
and
after
two
yeares
working
,
thirty
shillings
an
Acre
would
have
been
given
for
it
,
(
I
my self
offered
it
,
and
some
of
that
Land
also
was
my
own
,
but
it
was
refused
)
being
wrought
just
by
the
aforesaid
Directions
.
I
have
made
the
like
Improvement
my self
upon
Lands
of
the
same
nature
,
to
as
great
advancement
as
is
here
spoken
off
,
too
tedious
to
discourse
.
M.
Plat
also
in
his
book
,
produceth
a
president
of
Lands
,
Mr.
Plats
President
.
Improved
by
Water
,
with
the
charge
of
three
hundred
shillings
,
to
be
worth
three
hundred
pounds
per
annum
,
but
what
it
was
worth
before
the
three
hundred
shillings
were
expended
upon
it
,
he
saith
not
,
but
no
question
,
very
great
Improvement
,
I
beleeve
it
was
.
As
for
Boggy
Land
also
,
President
of
Boggy
Lands
.
I
have
recovered
severall
Pieces
next
to
plain
Quagmires
:
The
meanes
of
reducing
whereof
shall
be
discoursed
by
themselves
in
the
next
Chapter
:
So
bad
and
boggy
it
was
that
Cattell
could
not
Graze
upon
it
out
of
danger
;
And
indeed
it
bore
nothing
but
Cattayle's
;
And
by
this
course
I
recovered
it
to
perfect
soundness
,
and
made
it
worth
betwixt
thirty
and
forty
shillings
per
Acre
,
and
so
dare
undertake
the
like
where
ever
,
lying
under
the
aforesaid
Capacities
.
Many
more
presidents
of
this
nature
are
visible
in
many
parts
of
this
Nation
,
Some
as
great
Improvements
as
these
,
Some
lesse
,
and
yet
very
great
;
And
all
done
without
any
other
Cost
or
Expence
of
charge
,
in
any
other
materialls
than
Poor
mens
labours
:
Which
to
me
is
a
second
argument
of
Incouragement
,
to
promote
all
works
of
this
nature
under
these
Capacities
.
One
thing
more
I
pray
thee
observe
,
that
though
it
be
the
common
practice
of
most
men
in
drayning
their
Land
to
make
many
shallow
Trenches
of
about
one
foot
deep
,
aud
lay
their
Mould
on
heapes
,
that
so
they
may
spoil
put
little
ground
,
both
which
I
must
necessarily
reprove
as
ill
Husbandry
:
For
though
I
am
all
for
Floating
,
To
much
Trenching
is
madness
and
Drayning
,
which
will
necessarily
occasion
many
Trenches
,
yet
I
am
an
Enemy
to
this
ordinary
and
usuall
way
of
Trenching
;
first
for
so
many
Trenches
,
I
conceive
no
need
in
these
works
,
nor
upon
any
Land
whatsoever
,
but
something
more
of
them
,
more
seasonably
in
the
second
Piece
of
Improvement
.
CHAP.
VI.
Sheweth
the
true
Artificiall
making
of
the
Floating
Trench
,
and
how
to
Levell
Land
,
and
the
suddainest
way
to
Soard
it
.
USually
I
shall
advise
,
to
make
not
above
Two
,
or
Three
materiall
Trenches
,
having
first
taken
up
thy
Turf
,
There
are
two
sorts
of
Trenching
.
just
under
the
Grass
rootes
,
both
thin
and
square
,
and
as
broad
as
can
be
taken
up
,
which
I
exceedingly
prize
for
many
uses
,
and
preserve
.
The
one
called
a
Flowing
of
Floating
Trench
,
wherin
I
carry
my
water
:
which
usually
after
I
have
brought
my
water
where
I
intend
to
work
it
,
I
carry
it
in
a
Trench
seldome
above
one
foot
deep
,
Manner
of
making
the
floating
Trench
.
or
a
foot
and
half
,
&
many
times
not
above
eight
,
or
nine
inches
deep
:
that
so
it
being
made
Artificially
,
(
viz
,
)
so
Level
&
taper
,
&
Narrower
and
Narrower
,
as
aforesaid
,
the
further
it
goes
,
that
it
may
so
cast
out
the
water
,
that
it
may
flow
over
the
same
for
a
furlongs
length
al
at
once
,
which
is
the
Excellency
of
it
;
And
then
another
drayning
Trench
running
parallel
with
this
,
or
Two
if
the
Land
lye
very
flat
,
and
of
such
a
depth
as
it
may
not
onely
receive
all
the
water
that
Floweth
over
the
Land
clearly
,
but
that
it
may
also
drain
away
the
cold
Moysture
and
Bogginess
that
offends
the
Land
,
by
breeding
either
Rush
or
Bogg
,
and
of
such
a
latitude
,
or
breadth
,
from
my
floating
Trench
,
as
thy
water
is
of
strength
to
Improve
,
without
Prejudicing
of
it
,
by
breeding
Rush
,
Flag
or
filth
,
as
aforesaid
;
And
as
I
make
not
many
Trenches
,
so
I
shall
fil
up
all
others
that
are
not
serviceable
to
these
,
and
so
have
done
many
a
one
,
that
others
have
made
to
Drain
their
Land
withall
,
and
with
this
One
or
Two
Draines
cast
out
,
in
the
lowest
part
of
my
Land
,
layed
dry
more
Land
than
a
hundred
of
these
common
Trenches
would
,
for
a
thousand
Trenches
made
above
the
Corruption
that
feeds
the
Bogginess
,
A
shallow
Trench
doth
certain
hurt
and
uncertain
good
.
or
Rushes
,
never
Draynes
,
or
takes
away
the
cause
,
that
the
effect
cannot
possibly
cease
.
As
for
heaping
the
Earth
,
and
moyling
the
ground
,
that
I
also
conceive
may
be
prevented
by
maintaining
one
Horse
and
Cart
,
and
sometimes
a
couple
of
Wheel-Barrowes
,
How
to
prevent
heaping
Earth
,
and
in
evening
the
ground
.
or
a
double
Wheel-Barrow
with
two
Wheeles
,
made
big
enough
for
two
men
to
wield
,
or
a
little
Cart
made
with
two
little
Wheeles
,
and
another
lesser
than
them
by
half
,
to
bear
it
at
a
constant
pitch
to
fill
,
which
may
be
so
made
,
that
either
with
two
men
or
a
horse
you
may
carry
away
a
great
weight
with
much
speed
,
and
shift
it
horse
and
man
at
pleasure
,
which
shall
be
described
at
large
in
the
shaddow
of
it
in
the
Tenth
Chapter
of
Trenching
tooles
,
and
into
them
I
cast
my
Mould
,
as
I
digg
or
cut
out
my
Trench
,
and
so
carry
it
away
when
I
first
digg
it
,
either
into
some
old
Trench
or
hollow
place
,
and
there
lay
it
,
and
then
take
my
Turf
,
which
I
took
up
in
all
my
other
Trenches
,
and
cover
over
that
Earth
,
and
there
will
be
as
good
Soard
that
year
,
if
it
be
laid
before
February
enter
,
as
in
many
parts
of
the
Field
beside
;
And
so
shall
save
both
the
labour
of
removing
my
heaps
afterward
,
and
the
spoyling
of
so
much
Land
as
they
would
cover
.
And
for
the
better
carrying
on
this
Improvement
by
Water
,
if
thy
Lands
be
either
Hilly
or
Banky
,
or
lye
high
Ridge
or
Furrowes
,
upon
which
thy
water
will
never
work
kindly
,
take
a
Direction
on
or
two
for
the
more
easie
Levelling
of
the
same
(
how
to
levell
or
plain
Lands
for
watering
most
easily
,
and
Artificially
)
which
thou
mayst
doe
either
of
these
two
wayes
,
Either
of
which
I
cannot
more
especially
commend
unto
thee
,
thine
own
Experience
will
demonstrate
that
.
The
first
is
lev●lling
by
the
Plough
,
which
thou
mayst
do
by
two
or
three
dlowings
and
gain
o
crop
also
if
thou
rather
affect
it
,
How
to
Level
Land
.
herein
thou
wert
best
to
begin
about
the
latter
end
of
September
first
to
plough
thy
land
,
which
I
advise
to
cast
as
most
men
do
a
Fallow
,
and
then
in
the
beginning
of
December
,
be
sure
to
give
it
a
second
plowing
,
just
overthwart
all
the
Lands
,
and
so
cut
the
Turf
,
that
the
Soard
may
have
all
the
Winters
frost
to
wrox
,
and
moulder
it
,
which
towards
March
thou
mayst
plow
again
,
and
so
cast
it
or
raise
it
,
Plowing
to
Levell
,
as
thy
Land
requireth
,
to
bring
it
most
even
,
and
levell
,
and
if
one
more
plowing
will
not
do
it
,
then
thou
must
do
more
,
and
Harrow
it
also
,
to
draw
down
high
places
,
and
fill
up
Valleys
,
and
if
it
yet
bee
too
irregular
,
and
some
places
so
high
that
the
Plough
and
Harrow
will
not
bring
them
down
,
thou
must
get
some
Labourers
,
with
their
Spades
,
Spade
to
help
Levelling
.
and
take
down
those
places
,
and
cast
them
into
Regularity
.
A
Labourer
with
a
Spade
upon
this
wrought
Land
will
do
aboundance
in
a
day
;
but
be
most
Exact
and
curious
in
Levelling
thy
Land
,
it
brings
more
Advantages
than
thou
art
aware
of
,
or
I
have
time
to
shew
:
And
then
about
the
middest
of
April
,
sow
thy
Lands
with
such
seeds
as
are
more
suitable
to
the
nature
,
and
richness
of
it
,
but
sow
it
not
too
thick
by
any
meant
,
nor
too
thin
neither
,
but
the
thinner
is
thy
Corn
,
the
stronger
it
will
be
,
and
the
more
grass
will
grow
among
,
which
will
help
thee
more
in
the
Soarding
of
it
,
than
hinder
thee
in
the
Crop
of
it
,
which
Crop
may
pay
a
considerable
summe
towards
this
Charges
;
But
it
thou
desire
a
more
speedy
Soarding
of
it
,
and
hast
no
respect
to
the
present
profit
nor
charge
,
The
speediest
Soarding
of
Land
.
in
respect
of
a
suddain
dispatch
of
it
,
then
as
before
,
so
soon
as
Grass
begins
to
stand
at
a
stay
,
and
growes
but
a
little
,
plow
thy
Land
a
thin
broad
furrow
,
exceeding
exact
,
and
true
,
or
rather
flay
it
,
or
take
off
thy
Skin
or
Turf
with
a
very
broad
whinged
or
rushed
share
,
as
broad
a
Furrow
as
thy
Plough
will
carry
;
and
as
soon
as
thou
hast
plowed
it
,
cut
it
all
at
such
length
,
as
thy
Turf
may
hold
taking
up
,
and
heap
thy
Turf
speedily
upon
the
next
Land
,
and
then
plow
thy
Land
again
and
cast
it
down
,
and
if
it
lye
exceeding
high
;
cast
it
twice
,
and
then
two
men
with
their
Spades
will
levell
any
uneven
Hill
or
Ridge
most
easily
,
and
thou
mayst
either
with
the
Plough
or
Spade
,
or
both
,
immediately
bring
it
flat
,
and
pursue
the
work
with
all
violence
,
the
Turf
being
taken
up
,
speed
thy
levelling
with
Plough
and
Spade
,
that
so
thou
maiest
be
suddenly
ready
to
lay
down
thy
Turf
again
,
and
then
take
this
Turf
,
by
all
meanes
before
the
Grass
be
killed
,
or
lose
the
colour
,
or
deaded
,
and
lay
it
down
as
thou
plowedst
it
up
,
every
Joynt
meeting
and
closing
as
even
as
thou
canst
possibly
,
and
expect
how
much
soever
thou
canst
make
plain
,
and
Levell
before
February
,
thou
mayest
reap
great
fruit
,
or
a
good
Crop
of
Grass
that
Summer
,
especially
if
thou
hast
Water
to
float
it
withall
,
and
when
thou
hast
done
One
Land
,
then
thou
maiest
remove
thy
Furrowes
,
or
Turf
,
to
that
thou
hast
levelled
,
and
work
that
Land
accordingly
as
the
other
,
and
then
Turf
it
also
,
and
so
goe
forward
throughout
thy
Field
one
after
another
.
And
having
brought
your
Land
thus
levell
,
then
your
water
will
work
most
gallantly
,
and
even
,
Floating
every
place
Proportionably
,
which
you
must
take
special
care
of
,
&
not
suffer
it
to
run
a
whole
Stream
over
some
,
and
scarce
discernable
over
other
parts
,
but
be
sure
every
where
alike
,
and
when
you
have
your
water
over
your
Land
,
that
it
run
over
it
with
a
constant
thin
Stream
,
it
will
Improve
fast
enough
,
for
soaking
water
breeds
the
filth
,
which
you
must
avoid
as
the
most
Pestilent
Enemy
to
this
Husbandry
.
The
second
Piece
of
Improvement
containing
the
Drayning
,
or
Reducing
of
Boggy
Lands
to
sound
Pasture
,
is
further
discoursed
in
the
Chapters
following
.
CHAP.
VII
.
WHerein
is
to
be
handled
Drayning
,
or
taking
away
Superfluous
and
Venomous
Water
,
which
lyeth
in
the
Earth
,
and
much
occasioneth
Bogginess
,
Miriness
,
Rushes
,
Flags
,
and
other
filth
,
and
is
indeed
the
chief
cause
of
Barrenness
in
any
Land
of
this
nature
.
Something
I
have
already
spoken
as
to
Bogginess
,
that
lyeth
under
a
Capacity
to
be
floated
with
Water
,
either
River
or
Land-floods
;
in
the
Reducement
whereof
,
you
must
precisely
apply
your self
to
al
Parts
of
the
former
Chapter
,
for
bringing
your
Water
upon
your
Land
,
and
working
it
also
,
and
taking
it
off
again
;
Especially
that
your
Drayning-Trench
or
Trenches
(
for
possibly
in
this
sort
of
Land
more
may
be
required
,
according
to
the
nature
of
the
lying
of
your
Land
,
if
Uneven
,
and
full
of
Dales
,
and
Vallies
)
be
made
one
Spades
graft
or
pitch
below
the
matter
of
the
Bog
,
I
mean
the
Spring
,
for
so
it
is
;
which
must
be
clearly
Drayned
,
which
I
cannot
too
oft
remind
you
of
;
But
now
I
onely
speak
to
those
Lands
which
are
from
under
such
a
Capacity
of
floating
with
Water
;
And
are
onely
such
as
are
covered
with
constant
Water
,
and
Lakes
,
or
else
the
Boggy
,
Miry
Lands
,
it self
,
and
have
no
River
,
or
Land-flood
to
be
brought
over
them
,
and
the
remedies
being
equally
applicatory
to
both
for
the
most
part
,
I
will
propose
generall
remedies
.
I
say
that
Drayning
is
an
excellent
and
chiefest
meanes
for
their
Reducement
;
and
for
the
depth
of
such
Draynes
I
cannot
possibly
bound
,
because
I
have
not
time
,
and
opportunity
,
to
take
in
all
circumstances
,
therefore
in
generall
thus
.
Be
sure
thy
Draines
be
such
,
How
to
make
thy
Drayn
to
drain
a
Bog
to
purpose
.
and
so
deep
,
and
so
deep
,
as
thou
hast
a
descent
in
the
end
thereof
to
take
away
all
thy
water
from
thy
Drayn
to
the
very
bottom
,
or
else
it
is
to
no
use
at
all
;
for
suppose
thou
make
thy
Drain
as
high
as
an
house
,
and
canst
not
take
thy
water
from
it
,
thy
work
is
lost
;
for
look
how
low
soever
is
thy
lowest
levell
in
thy
Drain
,
thou
mayst
drain
thy
water
so
low
,
and
not
one
haires
breadth
lower
will
it
drain
thy
ground
than
thou
hast
a
fall
or
desent
to
take
it
cleanly
from
thy
Drain
;
therefore
be
especially
carefull
herein
,
and
then
if
thou
canst
get
a
low
descent
from
thence
,
carry
thy
Drain
upon
thy
Levell
untill
thou
art
assuredly
got
under
that
moysture
,
mirinesse
,
or
water
,
that
either
offends
thy
Bog
,
or
covers
thy
Land
;
and
goe
one
Spades
graft
deeper
by
all
meanes
,
or
thereabouts
,
and
then
thou
needest
not
tye
thy self
precisely
to
a
dead
Levell
,
but
as
thy
ground
riseth
,
or
as
the
moysture
lyeth
higher
,
so
mayst
thou
rise
also
,
so
that
thou
keep
one
Spades
graft
as
aforesaid
under
it
;
Where
water
lyeth
in
Rushy
Land
.
and
that
thou
mayst
not
fall
herein
,
observe
that
in
Cold
Rushy
Land
this
moysture
or
cold
hungry
water
is
found
beneath
the
first
and
second
swarth
of
thy
Land
;
and
then
oft-times
thou
commest
immediately
unto
a
little
Gravill
,
or
Stoniness
,
in
which
this
water
is
,
and
sometimes
below
this
in
a
hungry
gravell
,
and
many
times
this
Gravell
or
Stoniness
lyeth
lower
as
aforesaid
;
but
in
Boggy
Land
it
usually
lyeth
deeper
than
in
Rushy
,
but
to
the
bottom
where
the
spewing
Spring
lyeth
thou
must
goe
,
and
one
spades
depth
or
graft
beneath
,
how
deep
soever
it
be
,
if
thou
wilt
drain
thy
Land
to
purpose
.
I
am
forced
to
use
Repetions
of
some
things
,
because
of
the
suitableness
of
the
things
,
to
which
they
are
applyed
;
as
also
because
of
the
slowness
of
peoples
Apprehensions
of
them
,
as
appeares
by
the
non-practise
of
them
,
the
which
were
ever
you
see
drayning
and
trenching
you
shal
rarely
find
few
or
none
of
them
wrought
to
the
bottom
.
And
for
the
matter
or
Bogg-maker
that
is
most
easily
discovered
,
The
matter
that
feeds
the
Bog
,
where
that
lyeth
.
for
sometimes
it
lyeth
within
two
foot
of
the
top
of
the
ground
,
and
sometimes
and
very
usually
within
three
or
four
foot
,
yet
also
some
lye
far
deeper
,
six
,
eight
,
or
nine
foot
,
and
all
these
are
feazable
to
be
wrought
,
and
the
Bog
to
be
discovered
,
but
not
untill
thou
come
past
the
black
Earth
,
or
Turf
,
which
usually
is
two
or
three
foot
thick
,
unto
another
sort
of
Earth
,
and
sometimes
to
old
Wood
;
and
Trees
,
I
mean
the
proportion
and
form
thereof
,
but
the
nature
is
turned
as
soft
,
and
tender
as
the
earth
it self
,
which
have
layen
there
no
man
knowes
how
long
,
and
then
to
a
white
Earth
many
times
,
Every
Bog
hath
most
certainly
a
living
Spring
within
it
.
like
Lime
as
the
Tanner
,
and
white-Tawer
,
takes
out
their
Lime-pits
,
and
then
to
a
Gravell
,
or
Sand
,
where
the
water
lyeth
,
and
then
one
Spades
depth
clearly
under
this
which
is
indeed
nothing
else
but
a
spring
that
would
fain
burst
forth
at
some
certain
place
,
which
if
it
did
clearly
break
out
,
and
run
quick
and
lively
as
other
Springs
do
,
thy
Bog
would
dy
,
but
being
held
down
by
the
power
and
weight
of
the
Earth
,
that
opposeth
the
Spring
which
boyles
and
workes
up
into
the
Earth
,
and
as
it
were
blowes
it
up
,
and
filleth
the
Earth
with
Wind
,
as
I
may
call
it
,
and
makes
it
swell
and
rise
like
a
Puf-ball
,
as
seldom
or
never
you
shall
find
any
Bogg
,
but
it
lyeth
higher
and
rising
from
the
adjacent
Land
to
it
,
so
that
I
beleeve
could
you
possibly
light
of
the
very
place
where
the
Spring
naturally
lyeth
,
you
need
but
open
that
very
place
to
your
Quick-spring
,
and
give
it
a
clear
vent
,
and
certainly
your
Bog
would
decay
,
by
reason
whereof
it
hath
so
corrupted
and
swoln
the
Earth
,
as
a
Dropsie
doth
the
Body
,
for
if
you
observe
the
Mould
,
it
is
very
light
,
and
hollow
,
and
three
foot
square
thereof
is
not
above
the
weight
of
one
sollid
foot
of
naturall
Earth
,
Clay
,
or
Land
,
whereby
I
conceive
that
how
much
soever
this
Mould
is
forced
from
the
naturall
weight
,
or
hardness
of
solid
Earth
,
or
Clay
,
so
much
it
is
corrupted
,
swoln
,
or
increased
and
blown
up
,
and
so
much
it
must
be
taken
down
,
or
let
forth
,
before
ever
it
be
reduced
;
I
therefore
prescribe
this
direction
,
(
viz.
)
Go
to
the
bottom
of
the
Bog
,
Shewing
how
every
Drayn
must
●e
carried
up
from
the
lowest
levell
.
and
there
make
a
Trench
in
the
sound
ground
,
or
else
in
some
old
Ditch
,
so
low
as
thou
verily
conceivest
thy self
assuredly
under
the
Levell
of
the
Spring
or
spewing
water
,
and
then
carry
up
thy
Trench
into
thy
Bog
straight
through
the
middle
of
it
,
one
foot
under
that
Spring
or
spewing
water
upon
thy
Levell
,
unless
it
rise
higher
,
as
many
times
the
water
or
Spring
riseth
as
the
Land
riseth
,
and
sometimes
lyeth
very
levell
unto
the
very
head
of
thy
Bog
,
unto
which
thou
must
carry
thy
Drain
,
or
within
two
or
three
yards
of
the
very
head
of
it
,
and
then
strike
another
Trench
overthwart
the
very
head
both
wayes
,
from
that
middle
Trench
,
as
far
as
thy
Bog
goeth
,
all
along
to
the
very
end
of
it
,
still
continuing
one
foot
at
least
under
the
same
,
and
possibly
this
may
work
a
strange
change
in
the
ground
,
of
it self
,
without
any
more
Trenching
,
But
for
these
common
and
many
Trenches
,
Shallow
Trench
reprehended
.
oft
times
crooked
too
,
that
men
usually
make
in
their
Boggy
grounds
,
some
one
foot
,
some
Two
,
never
having
respect
to
the
cause
or
matter
that
maketh
the
Bog
,
to
take
that
way
,
I
say
away
with
them
as
a
great
piece
of
Folly
,
lost
labour
and
spoyl
;
which
I
desire
as
well
to
preserve
the
Reader
from
,
as
to
put
him
upon
any
profitable
Experiment
:
for
truly
they
do
far
more
hurt
than
good
,
destroy
with
their
Trench
and
Earth
cast
out
,
half
their
Land
,
danger
their
Cattell
,
and
when
the
Trench
is
old
it
stoppeth
more
than
it
taketh
away
,
&
when
it
is
new
,
as
to
the
destroying
the
Bog
it
doth
just
nothing
,
onely
take
away
a
little
water
,
which
falles
from
the
heavens
,
and
weakens
the
Bog
nothing
at
all
,
and
to
the
end
it
pretends
is
of
no
use
,
for
the
cause
thereof
lyeth
beneath
and
under
the
bottom
of
all
their
workes
,
and
so
remaines
as
fruitfull
to
the
Bog
as
before
,
and
more
secure
from
reducement
than
if
nothing
was
done
at
all
upon
it
.
The
most
sure
way
to
destroy
a
Bog
.
Or
thus
thou
mayst
work
it
some
what
a
more
certain
way
but
more
chargable
,
(
viz.
)
After
thou
hast
brought
a
Trench
to
the
bottom
of
the
Bog
,
then
cut
a
good
Substantiall
Trench
about
thy
Bog
,
I
mean
according
to
the
form
of
thy
Bog
,
whether
round
,
square
,
or
long
,
or
three
or
four
yards
within
thy
Boggy
ground
,
for
so
far
I
do
verily
beleeve
it
will
Drayn
that
which
thou
leavest
without
thy
Trench
at
the
depth
aforesaid
,
that
is
underneath
the
spring
water
round
;
And
when
thou
hast
so
done
,
make
one
work
or
two
just
overthwart
it
,
upwards
and
downwards
,
all
under
the
matter
of
the
Bog
,
as
is
aforesaid
,
and
in
one
yeares
patience
through
Gods
blessing
,
expect
thy
desired
Issue
;
and
if
it
be
in
such
a
place
as
will
occasion
great
danger
to
thy
Cattell
,
then
having
wrought
thy
Works
,
and
Draines
as
aforesaid
,
all
upon
straight
lines
,
by
all
meanes
,
prevent
as
many
Angls
,
The
prejudice
by
crooks
and
angles
in
water
courses
.
Crookes
,
and
Turnings
as
is
possible
,
for
those
will
but
occasion
stoppages
of
the
water
,
and
filling
up
of
Trenches
,
and
loss
of
ground
,
and
much
more
trouble
than
otherwise
.
Then
thou
must
take
good
green
Faggots
,
Willow
,
Alder
,
Elm
,
or
Thorn
,
and
lay
in
the
bottom
of
thy
works
,
and
then
take
thy
Turf
thou
tookest
up
in
the
top
of
thy
Trench
,
How
to
make
Draynes
without
any
prejudice
to
any
sheep
or
b●ast
and
Plant
upon
them
with
the
green
Soard
downwards
,
and
then
fill
up
thy
works
levell
again
,
untill
thou
come
to
the
bottom
or
neather
end
of
thy
work
,
where
thy
Trench
is
so
shallow
,
that
it
will
not
indanger
thy
Cattell
;
or
rather
take
great
Pibble
stones
or
Flint
stones
,
and
so
fill
up
the
bottom
of
thy
Trench
about
fifteen
Inches
high
,
The
best
way
of
preventing
danger
to
Cattell
in
Drayning
.
and
take
thy
Turf
and
plant
it
as
aforesaid
,
being
cut
very
fit
for
the
Trench
,
as
it
may
joyn
close
as
it
is
laid
down
,
and
then
having
covered
it
all
over
with
Earrh
,
and
made
it
even
as
the
other
ground
,
wait
and
expect
a
wonderfull
effect
through
the
blessing
of
God
;
but
if
thou
mayst
without
eminent
danger
leave
thy
workes
open
,
that
is
most
certain
of
all
.
I
might
make
more
particular
Application
of
the
premises
to
the
drowned
and
covered
parts
of
the
Fens
and
Marshes
in
the
next
Chapter
,
upon
which
they
wil
have
such
an
Operation
,
as
to
reduce
them
to
perfect
Pasture
,
Fens
and
Marshes
reco●ery
.
and
to
great
profit
,
and
to
all
sorts
of
such
natured
Lands
,
thou
mayst
apply
them
and
save
me
much
labour
,
being
the
main
meanes
of
Fen
Drayning
.
As
for
Sluces
,
Flood-gates
,
Waires
,
and
Dams
,
are
but
secundary
meanes
,
and
being
the
proper
work
of
an
Engineer
or
good
Carpenter
,
I
shall
say
no
more
for
brevity
sake
:
But
if
thou
canst
by
any
meanes
make
thy self
capable
of
bringing
any
constant
Stream
or
powerfull
Land-flood
and
Water
,
and
constantly
Flow
over
the
same
,
as
in
the
former
Chapter
,
that
will
reduce
it
to
a
greater
Advance
,
Floring
best
destroyes
a
Beg.
and
work
the
most
certainest
destruction
to
the
Bog
of
all
,
as
I
have
before
declared
by
Experience
.
As
I
conceive
,
the
Bogs
in
many
parts
of
the
Nation
were
occasioned
thus
:
wherever
is
a
Bog
,
The
probable
occasion
or
first
cause
of
Bogginess
.
I
am
confident
was
formerly
a
Spring
,
which
Spring
running
and
venting
it self
,
kept
the
Land
round
about
it
sound
and
dry
,
as
where
most
clear
Springs
are
at
this
day
;
but
the
said
Spring
stopping
up
,
either
with
leaves
,
or
Cattels
treading
,
or
wood
falling
upon
the
same
,
or
other
filth
(
for
I
beleeve
many
,
or
most
parts
of
this
Land
was
very
woody
in
former
Ages
)
the
Spring
was
stopped
that
it
could
not
clearly
vent
,
and
so
being
a
Living
water
,
would
not
be
suppressed
,
or
buried
,
but
swels
and
boyles
up
into
Bogginess
,
and
so
vents
it self
by
little
and
little
in
a
greater
Compass
of
Land
,
because
it
cannot
break
forth
clear
together
in
a
lesser
,
because
of
the
pressure
and
weight
of
the
Earth
upon
it
,
and
this
is
the
most
naturall
cause
thereof
that
I
can
gather
;
And
my
Reason
is
this
,
In
many
Bogs
(
I
will
not
say
in
all
)
I
have
found
great
Pieces
,
or
Boughes
,
or
Bodies
of
Trees
lying
in
the
bottom
of
the
Bog
,
Four
or
Five
foot
deep
,
in
the
full
proportion
of
a
Tree
or
Bough
,
as
it
fell
in
,
but
when
you
come
to
take
it
up
,
you
may
cut
it
with
your
Spade
just
as
as
you
do
your
Earth
,
and
it
goes
to
Earth
,
but
how
this
should
come
so
low
,
and
lye
so
deep
,
and
so
familiarly
in
Lands
of
this
nature
,
and
not
as
frequently
upon
sound
Lands
,
I
cannot
conceive
otherwise
than
as
aforesaid
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Answereth
severall
Objections
made
against
the
Probalities
of
so
great
Advance
by
Floating
.
IT
may
be
some
will
still
object
and
say
,
Ob.
that
these
Affirmations
are
but
Pretences
,
These
are
but
pretences
.
no
such
Advantage
or
ease
as
is
promised
can
possibly
be
perforwed
.
But
I
say
again
,
Ans.
1.
many
Gentlemen
can
witness
the
truth
hereof
,
Many
Lands
can
shew
it
,
and
if
thou
wilt
not
beleeve
Relation
,
beleeve
thy
eyes
,
go
and
see
;
he
who
prints
my
Book
,
shall
be
inabled
to
direct
thee
,
where
thou
mayst
see
more
than
here
is
affirmed
.
Again
,
in
many
of
the
Wood-Land
parts
in
this
Nation
,
as
in
Worcestershire
,
Warwickshire
,
Staffordshire
,
Shropshire
,
and
Wales-ward
,
and
Northward
,
there
are
many
more
Improvements
made
upon
coarse
lands
,
than
is
in
other
parts
upon
better
Lands
,
and
the
Improvements
made
in
the
Wood-land-parts
speak
out
the
truth
hereof
,
much
whereof
being
most
Barren
of
all
lands
,
is
improved
so
high
,
as
that
it
is
at
present
as
rich
as
many
parts
of
the
Fieldon
,
and
fuller
of
wealthier
Inhabitants
;
I
am
confident
more
rich
Farmers
of
lateyeares
than
when
their
lands
were
naturally
more
Rich
and
Fertile
.
I
give
not
all
,
nor
all
sorts
of
Presidents
of
Improvements
I
could
by
far
,
but
onely
a
few
here
and
there
to
quicken
thy
desires
after
them
,
the
Experimenting
wherof
will
bring
more
to
thee
,
if
not
bring
thee
to
them
.
These
things
I
know
of
my
own
knowledge
.
Another
he
objects
that
it
will
breed
the
Rush
,
Watering
breeds
the
Rush.
the
Flag
,
and
Mareblab
,
and
so
this
floating
land
shall
be
more
prejudiciall
than
advantagious
.
I
answer
,
its
true
possibly
,
and
easily
it
may
,
at
I
have
shewed
before
,
Ans.
but
be
thou
carefull
of
my
directions
,
consider
thy
Land
if
it
be
dry
and
sound
,
and
thy
water
if
it
be
Fat
and
Rank
,
and
make
the
drayning
Trench
as
afore
directed
,
and
never
fear
it
,
all
the
Difficulty
is
in
the
cold
Land
,
and
Barren
Water
,
on
which
also
observe
punctually
my
Directions
,
and
I
'll
warrant
it
;
Make
thy
Drain
deep
enough
,
and
not
too
far
off
thy
Floating
Course
,
Especiall
season
for
watering
Land
.
and
water
it
with
a
good
force
of
water
,
and
observe
the
seasons
,
which
are
,
all
the
cold
Winter
when
the
Rush
groweth
not
,
It
must
have
warmth
to
exhale
,
and
draw
it
out
,
and
be
sure
to
lay
thy
Land
sound
and
dry
,
by
the
Drayning
Trench
,
that
it
may
drain
under
that
Moysture
,
Filth
,
and
Venom
,
as
aforesaid
,
that
maintaines
them
,
and
then
beleeve
me
,
or
deny
Scripture
,
which
I
hope
thou
darest
not
,
as
Bildad
unto
Iob.
Can
the
Rush
grow
without
Mire
,
Iob
8.
12.
or
the
Flag
without
Water
?
&c.
That
Interrogation
plainly
shewes
,
Ans.
2.
that
the
Rush
cannot
grow
the
water
being
taken
from
the
root
;
for
it
is
not
the
moystness
upon
the
surface
of
the
Land
,
for
then
every
rain
should
encrease
the
Rush
,
but
it
is
that
which
lyeth
at
the
Root
,
which
drained
away
at
bottom
,
leaves
it
naked
and
barren
of
relief
.
A
sign
when
Land
begins
to
fatten
.
But
suppose
it
should
breed
some
few
(
and
the
Mareblab
too
,
)
which
is
a
sign
thy
Land
begins
to
f●tten
,
then
take
thy
whole
Stream
,
or
a
good
considerable
stream
,
and
bring
upon
that
place
,
and
overflow
it
,
as
it
afore
directed
in
the
Third
and
Fourth
Chapter
,
in
December
and
Ianuary
,
if
it
take
them
not
away
,
I
will
doe
it
for
thee
;
Floating
Land
will
as
certainly
destroy
the
Rush
,
the
Flagg
,
and
Mareblab
(
being
well
drayned
again
)
as
work
the
least
Improvement
,
and
no
Land
richer
than
Watered
Meades
.
Thou
wilt
say
,
Obj.
many
men
have
made
great
Experiments
this
way
,
Many
have
done
great
things
herein
and
alway
to
no
purpose
.
and
done
great
works
,
and
cast
up
all
again
;
Either
the
profits
would
not
answer
the
charge
,
or
else
it
would
hinder
some
other
Lands
advance
another
way
,
or
else
could
not
bring
their
Land
to
their
desired
Improvement
,
or
else
do
so
little
as
was
not
worth
their
labour
.
I
had
hoped
that
I
had
laid
down
such
undenyable
grounds
and
experiences
,
as
would
have
removed
all
those
Objections
;
but
sith
they
are
made
,
have
patience
,
and
I
will
return
a
particular
answer
to
each
clause
of
the
Objection
.
1.
I
say
,
were
all
this
true
,
as
possibly
it
may
in
some
men
,
and
in
some
parts
,
yet
be
not
discouraged
because
of
what
I
have
said
,
and
the
Experiences
made
are
also
obvious
,
and
i●
the
view
of
them
thou
shalt
see
more
advantage
made
than
is
he●●
affirmed
.
2.
And
secondly
to
confirm
thy
Objection
,
I
say
,
We
had
some
Mountebancks
abroad
that
have
held
out
specious
pretences
of
wonders
,
Mountebanck
Engineers
projections
.
as
many
Engineers
have
done
in
drawing
Water
,
or
drayning
Lead-Mines
,
Tin
,
or
Cole-Mines
,
and
to
that
purpose
have
projected
Engines
with
double
,
treble
,
and
fourfold
Motions
;
Mysterious
Engines
rep●●●ved
.
conceiving
and
affirming
,
every
Work
,
or
Motion
,
would
multiply
the
ease
in
raising
the
water
,
but
not
considering
that
certainly
it
must
multiply
the
weight
and
burthen
thereof
,
and
also
put
such
an
Impossibilitie
unto
Tackles
,
Geares
,
and
Wheeles
for
holding
,
that
all
would
flie
in
sunder
at
the
very
first
motion
,
and
continually
one
thing
or
other
out
of
order
,
and
snap
in
sunder
as
fast
as
amended
,
because
of
the
great
strength
is
required
to
move
the
same
;
mistake
me
not
,
I
do
not
here
reprove
the
use
of
Engine
Work
,
a
good
Engineer
is
a
gallant
and
most
usefull
Instrument
in
a
Common-wealth
,
and
they
have
principles
most
able
to
make
the
best
Husbands
and
Improvers
,
I
onely
warn
you
of
Imposters
:
Engines
are
most
necessary
,
and
easeth
all
our
burthens
,
and
all
our
pondrous
massie
substances
are
or
may
be
lightned
thereby
;
and
a
good
Engineer
in
these
dayes
hath
taught
us
the
usefulness
of
them
,
little
lesse
necessary
than
our
very
wel-being
;
but
those
few
Instruments
here
held
forth
are
plain
and
simple
,
and
my
Projections
nothing
but
Country
Experiments
,
that
I
fear
the
plainess
of
them
will
be
no
less
offensive
,
they
being
onely
to
give
a
moderate
ease
and
speed
to
so
toylsome
and
costly
lobours
.
3.
I
answer
thirdly
,
that
many
have
made
some
Experiments
,
but
those
I
conceive
have
neither
been
full
Experiments
in
all
particulars
,
nor
Regular
according
to
the
particular
directions
here
given
;
And
so
may
as
well
spoil
all
,
as
he
that
takes
all
or
most
of
the
Ingredients
in
a
Medicine
,
and
applies
it
to
the
Disease
prescribed
,
but
either
he
misseth
in
the
Composition
,
or
else
in
the
Application
;
or
else
if
he
be
right
in
all
,
he
may
fail
for
want
of
patience
to
wait
the
issue
,
but
casts
all
away
as
worth
nothing
,
and
claps
in
with
another
Receit
,
and
so
is
able
to
give
no
positive
resolution
what
the
effect
thereof
might
be
.
Therefore
I
say
as
before
I
have
said
,
Trace
me
along
in
all
particulars
,
and
fail
in
none
of
them
,
and
if
the
issue
fail
,
challenge
the
Author
as
a
deceiver
.
4.
And
that
I
may
answer
the
full
charge
,
I
say
,
take
my
counsell
for
the
severall
Tooles
proposed
,
and
I
question
not
that
in
most
ordinary
Works
,
the
charges
shall
not
be
any
proportion
to
the
profit
.
But
say
an
Acre
of
Land
should
cost
thee
forty
shillings
the
fitting
and
preparing
of
it
,
as
possibly
some
may
it
may
lye
so
irregularly
,
't
is
then
as
possible
in
two
or
three
yeares
time
,
the
same
may
be
made
worth
forty
shillings
per
annum
;
yea
more
,
many
other
Acres
thou
maist
work
to
as
good
an
advantage
for
twenty
shi●lings
,
some
for
ten
shillings
,
some
for
five
shillings
,
and
some
less
;
I
could
give
the
particular
Experiments
for
them
all
,
were
it
more
necessary
than
brevity
,
which
I
so
much
affect
,
and
resolve
.
Object
.
And
for
prejudicing
other
Lands
,
Answ.
as
many
strongly
object
,
it
is
almost
as
if
one
Hive
of
Bees
should
prosper
more
in
one
Garden
than
twenty
would
;
the
contrary
Experience
constantly
manifesteth
,
Object
.
and
so
I
have
done
with
this
improvement
.
Answ.
And
for
improving
so
little
as
it
is
not
worth
the
labour
,
that
is
as
frivolous
also
.
Many
score
thousands
of
Acres
in
England
are
under
this
Capacity
,
and
may
be
reduced
to
a
twenty
or
thirty
fold
improvement
;
yea
in
some
parts
of
the
Kingdom
,
some
hundreds
of
Acres
together
may
be
wonderfully
advanced
this
way
to
a
proportionable
Advantage
;
and
with
less
charge
proportionably
than
a
few
.
There
is
also
much
Boggy
and
Miry
Land
that
may
be
reduced
to
advancement
,
and
such
capacity
as
some
may
lye
under
may
be
improved
twenty
fold
or
more
.
And
as
for
coarse
Fen
and
Marsh
Lands
upon
both
Fresh
and
Salt
waters
,
Marsh
Lands
.
there
have
been
such
gallant
notable
Atchievements
,
by
many
Accurate
and
Ingenious
Spirits
,
The
first
Fendrayne's
or
Levellers
highly
to
be
honoured
.
to
whom
the
Nation
oweth
high
Acknowledgements
,
and
whose
works
and
experimenuts
I
do
admire
and
honour
,
to
whom
I
desire
to
be
a
Pupil
:
Yet
notwithstanding
their
Discoveries
,
and
their
works
,
cut
forth
throughout
the
Nation
,
and
left
to
Idle
Practitioners
,
and
Slothfull
impatient
Slubberers
,
who
have
not
onely
done
it
by
the
halfes
,
but
stifled
many
a
gallant
plotted
Opportunity
of
a
far
greater
Advance
than
it
hath
produced
;
And
so
possibly
in
many
parts
of
the
Nation
there
may
be
great
Reparations
of
these
Ruins
,
and
a
certain
Reducement
to
high
Advantage
;
As
also
some
Addition
possibly
to
their
Modell
,
or
some
increase
to
their
Beginnings
,
Invention
far
harder
than
an
Addition
to
it
.
which
is
acknowledged
far
easier
than
the
first
Projection
,
and
shall
be
discoursed
at
the
latter
end
of
this
Chapter
.
The
last
way
of
Improvement
of
these
sorts
of
Lands
,
prejudiced
by
water
,
Cutting
water-courses
strait
no
small
a●vantage
.
is
a
way
appliable
to
every
other
sort
of
Land
whatever
,
which
lye
under
that
Opportunity
,
or
Capacity
,
which
is
cutting
straight
the
water-courses
of
little
Brooks
and
Streames
that
run
many
times
in
spirall
lines
,
and
sometimes
circularly
,
as
they
would
make
the
figure
8.
and
so
lose
as
much
more
excellent
Land
as
need
be
,
nay
in
some
places
twice
or
thrice
as
much
;
besides
these
Angles
,
Triangles
,
and
almost
Squares
,
and
Circles
,
much
endangering
Cattell
,
by
goaring
,
rushing
,
and
thrusting
them
in
,
and
also
makes
such
stoppages
,
and
oppositions
to
the
water
,
that
hinders
the
Current
of
it
,
and
occasioneth
it
to
lye
soaking
on
the
Land
,
that
it
either
breedeth
Rush
,
Flag
,
or
Mareblab
;
Also
the
aforesaid
directions
is
a
great
means
of
laying
sound
much
Land
overcome
by
Bogginess
,
the
water
lying
so
upon
it
,
that
it
drowneth
or
stifleth
a
great
part
of
the
fruitfulness
of
it
,
yea
,
suffocateth
and
choaketh
others
also
bordering
upon
it
,
no
small
prejudice
to
the
Nation
in
generall
,
and
to
many
Town-ships
and
persons
in
particular
.
A
straight
water-course
cut
a
considerable
depth
,
in
a
thousand
parts
of
this
Nation
,
would
be
more
advantagious
than
we
are
aware
of
,
or
I
will
task
my self
here
to
dispute
further
.
And
though
many
persons
are
interessed
therein
,
and
some
will
agree
,
&
others
will
oppose
;
one
Creek
lyeth
on
one
side
of
the
River
,
in
on●
Lords
Manor
,
&
another
lyeth
on
the
other
side
,
&
divers
men
own
the
same
,
why
may
not
one
neighbour
change
with
another
when
both
are
gainers
?
Many
thousands
of
acres
recoverable
wi●h
little
charge
to
manifold
advantage
If
not
,
why
may
they
not
be
compelled
for
their
own
good
,
and
the
Common-wealths
advantage
?
I
dare
say
thousands
of
Acres
of
very
rich
Land
may
hereby
be
gained
,
and
possibly
as
many
more
much
amended
,
that
are
almost
destroyed
;
but
a
Law
is
wanting
herein
for
present
,
which
I
hope
will
be
supplied
if
it
may
appear
Advancement
to
the
Publick
;
for
to
Private
Interests
it
is
not
possible
to
be
the
least
prejudice
,
when
every
man
hath
benefit
,
and
each
man
may
also
have
an
equall
allowance
,
if
the
least
prejudiced
.
But
a
word
or
two
more
,
and
〈◊〉
shall
conclude
this
Chapter
,
and
it
,
is
a
little
to
further
this
Improvement
through
a
great
destruction
(
as
some
may
say
)
it
is
the
removing
or
destroying
of
all
such
Mills
,
and
none
else
,
as
drow●
and
corrupt
more
Lands
than
themselves
are
worth
to
the
Common-wealth
,
and
they
are
such
as
are
kept
up
,
Some
Mils
destroy
more
than
they
are
worth
.
or
dammed
so
high
,
as
that
they
boggifie
all
the
Lands
that
lye
under
their
Mill-head
;
such
Mills
as
are
of
little
worth
,
or
are
by
constant
great
charges
maintained
,
I
advise
to
be
pulled
down
;
the
advance
of
the
Land
,
when
the
water
is
let
run
his
course
,
and
not
impounded
,
will
be
of
far
greater
value
many
times
:
But
in
case
the
Mills
should
be
so
necessary
and
profitable
too
,
and
far
more
than
the
Lands
they
spoil
,
I
shall
then
advise
,
that
under
thy
Mill-dam
,
so
many
yards
wide
from
it
as
may
prevent
breaking
through
,
To
prevent
corrupting
land
by
a
Mildam
as
much
as
may
be
.
thou
make
a
very
deep
Trench
all
along
so
far
as
thy
lands
are
putrified
,
and
thereinto
receive
all
the
issuing
spewing
water
,
and
thereby
stop
or
cut
off
the
feeding
of
it
upon
thy
meadow
,
and
carry
it
away
into
thy
back-water
or
false
course
,
by
as
deep
a
Trench
,
cut
through
the
most
low
and
convenient
part
of
thy
Meads
:
But
put
case
thou
shouldst
have
no
convenient
fall
on
that
side
thy
Mildam
,
then
thou
must
make
some
course
,
or
plant
some
trough
under
thy
Mill-dam
,
and
so
carry
it
under
into
some
lower
course
that
may
preserve
it
from
soaking
thy
meadows
,
or
pastures
under
it
,
and
by
this
meanes
thou
maiest
in
a
good
measure
reduce
thy
Land
to
good
soundness
,
and
probably
wholly
cure
it
,
and
preserve
thy
Mill
also
.
As
for
that
objection
of
hindering
the
grinding
of
corn
,
it
is
very
frivolous
,
for
First
,
there
are
in
many
parts
so
many
Mills
,
as
hinder
one
another
,
and
are
scarce
able
to
live
one
by
another
.
2.
There
are
,
or
may
be
Wind-mills
erected
in
most
parts
,
that
may
supply
that
want
,
and
are
less
chargable
than
Water-mills
:
And
for
that
some
say
the
wind
is
uncertain
,
I
say
it
is
so
certain
,
that
I
am
confident
few
or
none
need
want
grinding
if
they
can
get
corn
;
for
I
my self
live
in
a
Country
where
are
no
other
but
Wind-mills
,
and
have
scarce
in
a
twelvemonth
known
any
want
of
grinding
.
But
should
it
be
so
,
one
may
be
supplied
by
Horse-mills
;
one
good
horse
will
grind
wheat
easily
,
and
two
good
horses
will
grind
any
good
dry
corn
,
and
are
not
at
that
charge
for
repairs
,
as
both
Wind-mills
and
Water-mills
are
.
3.
I
say
it
is
possible
to
devise
a
Mill
,
with
truth
of
workmanship
,
and
some
other
advantages
,
that
two
men
may
grind
any
good
corn
whatsoever
,
and
that
as
much
in
an
hour
as
any
usuall
Water-mill
in
the
Country
;
and
to
this
work
I
shall
commend
one
Mr.
Dimock
,
a
very
ingenious
Gentleman
,
and
one
who
hath
discovered
so
much
to
the
World
already
,
as
may
give
sufficient
testimony
of
the
truth
of
his
abilities
in
this
kind
.
CHAP.
IX
.
The
Ninth
Chapter
shall
be
a
brief
and
plain
discoverie
of
the
most
Feacible
way
of
Fen-drayning
,
or
regaining
drowned
Lands
,
or
in
bounding
of
the
Sea
from
it
.
AS
to
the
Drayning
or
laying
dry
the
Fenns
,
those
profitable
works
,
the
Common-wealths
glory
,
let
not
Curs
Snarl
,
nor
dogs
bark
there
at
,
the
unparralleld
advantages
of
the
World
;
give
me
leave
,
because
hitherto
all
men
have
Monopolised
their
inventions
as
they
call
them
,
as
possibly
they
might
lawfully
unto
themselves
,
and
the
mystery
,
and
no
mans
Experiences
therein
have
at
all
been
published
to
publique
view
,
which
whether
it
do
arise
from
a
privacy
of
Spirit
,
self
advancement
,
or
rather
from
an
ungratefull
frame
of
men
,
Governors
trusted
with
the
publique
Weal
of
a
Nation
,
or
great
men
well
able
to
recompence
publique
discoveries
,
whose
shares
will
be
greatest
of
the
Advantage
(
which
last
through
Charity
I
am
bound
,
and
from
sad
Experiences
many
Ingenious
hearts
have
found
,
I
doe
beleeve
)
but
no
man
as
I
ever
yet
saw
or
heard
,
hath
published
any
thing
at
all
to
any
such
purpose
as
to
dismystery
the
same
,
therefore
by
the
good
leave
of
thy
patience
I
shall
take
boldness
to
pull
off
the
vizor
of
those
apprehensions
I
have
found
therein
,
and
discover
the
open
face
of
that
Experience
I
have
made
,
be
it
beautifull
or
deformed
,
in
pitty
to
move
others
to
cover
the
deformities
thereof
,
or
put
more
beauty
thereon
.
In
the
discourse
whereof
I
shall
candidly
indeavour
to
draw
it
into
as
plain
a
Map
or
Platform
,
as
the
roughness
and
confusedness
of
the
work
,
or
my
weaknesses
will
admit
;
and
to
that
end
shall
confine
my self
to
these
pareiculars
.
1.
What
drayning
is
,
and
a
discovery
of
Fen-Lands
how
they
lie
to
those
that
know
them
not
.
2.
To
discover
some
of
the
Rubbs
or
hinderances
that
lie
in
the
way
of
working
it
to
the
Common-Wealths
ad-advantage
.
3.
To
hold
out
the
Cure
,
or
best
and
speediest
way
for
the
Reducement
or
recovery
thereof
to
perfect
foundness
.
4.
To
discover
the
best
and
most
profitablest
way
of
Improvement
of
those
recovered
Lands
to
the
best
advantage
of
the
Common-Wealth
.
In
all
which
I
shall
say
but
little
,
nor
can
say
half
that
is
to
be
said
herein
,
but
to
each
shall
speak
somewhat
as
near
to
truth
as
may
be
,
and
leave
the
Compleatment
to
succeeders
.
1.
What
Fen-drayning
or
the
recovering
of
Lands
from
under
water
is
,
that
deserves
the
name
or
merits
the
Title
of
perfect
Drayning
.
I
say
it
is
not
onely
the
overly
taking
away
the
Water
from
off
the
Surface
or
over
part
of
the
Turf
or
Sword
,
What
Fen-Drayning
is
not
.
for
then
might
all
bogs
or
quagmires
be
recovered
,
and
easily
would
;
Nor
the
taking
off
the
downfalls
,
as
our
Fen
men
call
them
,
that
is
,
the
waters
falling
from
the
Heavens
in
great
Raines
and
showers
;
Nor
is
it
the
taking
off
all
Land-falls
,
Land-floods
,
or
great
waters
from
off
those
Lands
;
No
nor
the
doing
of
all
these
in
a
customary
and
usuall
way
that
doth
or
will
deserve
to
be
called
a
perfect
Drayning
.
But
it
is
as
I
formerly
said
about
recovering
Boggy-Lands
,
a
going
to
the
bottom
of
the
Corruption
,
What
perfect
Drayning
is
indeed
.
and
taking
away
the
Venom
that
feeds
the
Fen
or
Moor
,
that
wateriness
and
coldness
which
gnaws
out
the
spirit
at
the
root
.
And
the
taking
away
this
is
perfect
Drayning
;
for
although
I
say
the
other
Draynings
are
not
the
best
nor
perfect
,
yet
I
neither
discommend
the
other
,
nor
discourage
from
them
where
they
are
made
already
,
or
may
be
made
he
reafter
,
but
highly
commend
them
or
any
of
them
where
otherwise
there
would
be
none
,
or
the
Lands
lye
wholly
drowned
;
yet
being
in
all
Arts
,
Trades
,
and
Callings
,
we
ought
to
study
cut
the
Mysteries
thereof
,
and
all
men
do
or
ought
to
entdeavour
to
raise
the
richest
fruits
,
and
draw
forth
the
greaest
plenty
to
the
Common-Wealth
they
can
,
out
of
the
whole
Earth
;
so
out
of
this
small
parcell
we
never
accomplish
The
End
untill
we
have
brought
it
to
it's
best
perfection
,
that
is
,
not
onely
to
recover
it
from
drowning
to
bearing
sedge
or
reedy
flaggy
grass
,
which
is
the
first
fruits
of
Draining
,
and
from
which
the
rude
ignorant
Fen-man
desires
no
appeal
,
nor
is
it
to
recover
it
to
bear
morish
foul
strong
grass
in
Summer
,
and
Drowned
in
Winter
,
nor
yet
to
lye
dry
both
Winter
and
Summer
upon
the
Surface
of
the
Earth
,
and
wet
and
Boggy
at
the
spades
or
Plough-share
point
,
How
to
know
when
Land
is
firmly
Drayned
.
nay
though
it
will
through
a
dry
season
or
heat
of
Summer
bear
the
Plough
,
and
much
of
it
may
be
converted
to
Tillage
or
Corning
,
but
still
unsound
in
the
bottom
,
all
this
makes
not
(
though
a
good
)
yet
not
perfect
work
,
but
the
perfection
is
in
the
reducing
it
to
soundness
and
perfectness
of
Mould
and
Earth
,
whether
Sand
,
Clay
,
Gravell
,
or
mixed
,
then
returns
it
to
a
perfect
Soard
and
pure
Turf
,
brings
forth
the
small
common
Thistle
,
Clover
,
Crowflower
,
and
Hony-sukle
,
then
shall
you
reap
the
Quintessence
of
the
Earth
,
in
breeding
,
feeding
,
or
Corning
.
These
Lands
thus
perfectly
Drayned
,
will
return
to
be
the
richest
of
all
your
Lands
,
and
the
better
Drayned
the
better
Land
.
Where
are
your
richest
Lands
of
England
,
but
your
River
Lands
,
your
Marsh
Lands
,
that
all
of
them
lye
under
the
Levell
of
the
Sea
,
and
were
it
not
inbounded
by
the
banks
,
and
the
power
of
Gods
word
,
would
all
return
to
the
Sea
again
,
but
through
their
perfect
Drayning
,
are
most
excellent
sound
and
warm
Lands
,
yea
some
of
them
so
good
,
that
usually
the
Winters
profit
of
their
Grazing
equallizeth
the
Summer
,
as
witnesseth
much
of
the
Marsh-Land
near
London
,
Blackwall
,
&c.
with
many
other
parts
?
Whence
is
the
richness
of
your
English
Holland
Land
but
from
the
pure
and
perfect
Drayning
?
And
the
out-landish
Holland
Lands
recovered
to
this
great
height
of
Richness
?
I
know
all
Lands
are
not
so
Fecible
as
others
are
,
nor
some
cannot
possibly
be
brought
to
that
perfection
as
others
may
,
I
shall
provoke
unto
the
best
Improvement
,
and
where
there
can
be
a
Male-Improvement
offer
not
to
the
Common-Wealth
a
Female
,
and
so
you
have
as
plain
a
description
what
Drayning
is
as
I
can
give
you
:
I
am
of
a
strong
opinon
that
there
is
very
much
Fen-Land
may
be
recovered
to
as
great
a
worth
and
goodness
in
it self
as
any
Meadow
Marsh-Land
in
England
;
which
leades
me
to
the
second
branch
of
this
particular
,
to
describe
the
Manner
and
lying
of
the
Fens
,
to
the
which
I
am
induced
too
for
these
Reasons
.
1.
Because
many
know
them
not
at
all
.
2.
Because
many
are
discouraged
from
the
thoughts
of
attempting
the
Improvement
of
them
,
that
are
very
able
thereunto
,
&
I
am
confident
would
have
recovered
them
,
yet
partly
because
of
their
ignorance
of
the
lying
of
them
,
conceiving
them
to
be
some
great
Lake
,
Pan
,
or
Meer
,
as
are
some
in
Lancashire
,
Cheshire
,
or
Yorkshire
,
that
lyeth
so
low
that
hath
no
fall
or
out-let
can
be
made
to
drain
out
the
Waters
of
them
,
and
partly
through
the
scandall
and
offence
that
is
taken
and
given
out
,
by
rude
,
customary
,
and
most
an
end
unrightfull
Commoners
,
against
the
Drayning
of
them
;
as
also
conceiving
them
to
be
nothing
els
but
some
great
Bog
or
Quagmire
lying
so
flat
as
is
not
Draynable
.
3.
Because
my self
was
once
before
I
knew
them
in
some
measure
thus
deceived
,
but
especially
because
the
report
of
the
Country
people
was
as
one
man
,
that
the
undertakers
Drayning
had
no
whit
at
all
advantaged
them
,
but
that
their
Fen
Lawes
and
Commission
of
sewers
,
and
the
works
they
made
through
that
authority
,
and
by
the
directions
and
meanes
they
used
,
had
brought
the
Fens
into
as
good
a
posture
as
all
he
undertakers
works
,
(
the
which
my self
was
hardly
drawn
to
believe
)
endeavouring
hereby
to
suggest
the
impossibility
of
ever
accomplishing
a
perfect
Drayning
,
so
that
many
not
knowing
that
the
fall
is
considerable
in
it self
,
and
very
great
into
the
Sea
by
reason
of
the
Ebbing
of
the
Water
,
will
thereby
give
opportunity
unto
a
most
compleat
Drayning
of
them
.
And
lastly
,
that
by
this
information
I
may
quicken
all
Ingenuous
Spirits
to
the
helping
on
the
work
so
advantagious
to
the
Common
good
,
and
yet
so
fecible
,
I
therefore
describe
the
Fens
of
England
to
lie
in
some
proportionable
manner
to
those
great
Rivers
and
gallant
Meadows
adjoyning
to
them
in
many
eve●
and
less
descending
Countries
,
onely
with
these
two
observations
.
1.
That
these
Fens
are
nearer
the
Sea
,
the
Center
of
the
waters
,
and
so
we
must
conceive
the
fall
or
descent
to
be
the
lesser
;
for
as
our
lesser
Brooks
run
quicker
than
our
great
Streams
,
and
the
bigger
the
stream
and
nearer
the
Sea
any
great
River
runneth
,
the
slower
by
far
the
water
descendeth
,
and
flatter
the
Land
lyeth
,
so
the
Fens
being
a
far
vaster
and
greater
compass
lye
more
flatter
,
and
the
Rivers
run
the
slower
.
2.
Because
these
Fen-Lands
being
far
greater
,
and
many
times
more
broader
than
our
greatest
Meadowes
,
therefore
being
covered
with
water
,
and
lying
more
levell
,
will
not
Drain
so
fast
,
and
so
can
not
hold
comparison
in
each
particular
,
yet
a
more
suitable
Modell
to
describe
them
by
,
to
those
that
know
them
not
,
I
cannot
Frame
.
So
that
the
Fen-Lands
so
called
are
as
I
may
say
,
great
Meadows
covered
over
with
water
in
the
time
of
a
great
Land-flood
;
for
as
upon
great
raines
the
Rivers
or
Water-courses
in
the
uplands
are
not
able
to
contain
the
Floods
,
The
just
Form
or
Modell
of
the
Fen-lands
.
neither
are
the
Fen
Rivers
Sewers
or
water-courses
able
to
take
away
those
Floods
that
come
out
of
the
higher
Countries
,
or
uplands
aforesaid
.
And
as
the
small
brooks
first
overflow
,
because
of
the
disproportion
betwixt
those
narrow
watercourses
,
and
the
floods
that
run
in
them
,
and
are
unflowed
again
,
when
or
before
the
great
Rivers
begin
to
rise
,
and
the
Flood
of
the
great
Rivers
continue
longer
than
the
lesser
,
so
the
Fen
Rivers
or
Water-courses
being
much
lesser
,
proportionable
to
their
great
Floods
than
the
little
brooks
are
,
they
can
not
contain
their
own
water
Floods
,
with
the
Rivers
and
Floods
of
the
upland
Countries
too
;
but
are
forced
over
the
banks
into
that
great
Flat
or
Levell
of
Fen-land
and
Meadow
on
both
sides
their
Water-courses
,
and
being
there
dispersed
many
miles
into
a
great
breadth
and
length
,
&
being
ever
and
anon
relieved
with
fresh
Land-Floods
,
most
part
of
Winter
long
continue
,
neither
having
a
great
fall
nor
large
●●omthy
Water-courses
into
the
Sea
,
nor
other
artificiall
Receptacles
to
receive
them
,
cannot
so
truly
nor
suddenly
run
off
again
,
but
had
they
Water-courses
proportionable
either
in
Number
or
Greatness
,
to
other
great
Meadows
,
they
would
most
of
them
drain
themselves
,
and
return
to
as
perfect
Meadow
and
Pasture
as
any
in
England
,
for
almost
all
Land-floods
and
Rivers
that
lye
on
the
same
side
of
the
Country
the
Fens
lye
on
,
from
the
highest
part
of
the
up-lands
,
run
into
and
through
the
Fens
to
the
Sea
,
as
their
constant
course
,
&
if
the
Spring
be
kindly
and
moderatly
dry
,
the
Fen-water
runneth
and
dryeth
away
apace
,
and
many
times
in
February
or
the
entrance
of
March
,
especially
when
the
winds
sit
fair
,
that
is
,
to
drive
the
waters
Sea-ward
,
they
are
grazeable
with
great
cattell
,
and
many
times
with
Sheep
too
,
and
some
part
of
them
are
all
Winter
dry
and
never
drowned
,
and
many
of
those
keep
as
much
stock
of
cattell
,
especially
of
sheep
,
all
Winter
,
as
ever
I
saw
any
Common
or
pasture
without
hay
.
And
to
conclude
this
description
whereby
you
may
not
onely
frame
out
a
Model
of
the
Fens
,
but
discover
the
Fecibility
,
if
not
the
only
way
of
Drayning
them
,
which
ushereth
in
my
second
particular
,
which
is
,
2.
The
discovery
of
some
of
those
hindrances
or
rubs
that
either
hinder
or
infacilitate
this
work
of
Fen-drayning
,
and
they
are
either
in
the
Land
it self
,
the
Commoners
,
or
the
undertakers
thereof
.
The
first
Hindrance
is
in
the
Land
.
1.
In
the
Land
,
there
may
be
such
Mountaines
and
Rockiness
betwixt
the
place
you
desire
to
drain
,
and
the
Sea
,
or
River
into
which
you
must
draw
your
drain
,
that
it
may
make
the
work
so
chargeable
,
as
the
profits
thereof
will
not
counterpoise
.
2.
Also
there
may
be
such
a
Vein
of
Earth
,
as
is
so
Moorish
,
or
exceeding
Sandy
,
upon
which
you
must
be
forced
to
plant
your
Sluces
,
or
Water-gates
,
as
besides
the
extraordinary
charge
of
Workmanship
,
may
much
hazard
the
continuance
of
the
Work
,
and
so
with
extraordinary
charge
,
and
great
hazard
,
may
render
the
fruits
therof
below
the
expences
.
These
things
are
possible
,
yet
not
usuall
.
The
Second
Hindrance
may
be
in
the
People
,
The
Commoners
,
and
they
may
,
and
do
much
hinder
it
in
reproaching
of
the
Work
it self
,
as
I
hinted
before
,
and
weary
the
minds
,
and
weaken
the
hands
of
others
that
would
indeavour
it
.
But
the
greatest
hindrance
is
their
unfaithfulness
to
the
Work
,
How
the
Commoner
is
a
hindrance
to
Fen-drayning
.
by
their
dulness
and
neglect
of
raising
sufficient
summes
of
monys
to
carry
on
the
work
,
and
raising
it
so
seasonably
,
as
may
expedite
the
same
;
for
these
Works
are
not
to
be
trifled
withall
,
it
must
be
the
speedy
and
powerfull
carrying
on
at
once
,
as
well
as
the
Artificiall
and
wise
managing
of
it
.
A
little
season
lost
,
may
lose
the
cost
and
works
of
a
whole
Summer
,
and
whilest
neighbors
are
contesting
about
the
quality
of
their
Levies
,
and
disputing
every
mans
Right
to
pay
,
and
gathering
up
their
moneys
,
the
Works
may
run
further
backward
in
a
week
,
than
they
were
brought
forward
in
a
month
.
I
have
seldome
known
a
rude
multitude
,
or
a
confused
heady
people
ever
agree
in
this
;
these
works
creep
forward
,
but
run
post
backward
.
Again
,
the
combination
of
labourers
and
Poor
people
may
very
much
prejudice
,
besides
their
slothfull
and
sleathy
slubbering
of
it
,
if
not
exceeding
carefully
overseen
.
The
Third
Hinderance
may
be
in
the
Vndertaker
,
or
Drayner
.
And
although
this
may
not
be
such
an
Essential
Prejudice
to
the
Work
it self
as
the
rest
are
,
How
Undertakers
may
be
a
prejudice
to
the
work
.
because
a
man
would
think
that
he
that
either
for
his
wages
or
credit
works
it
,
should
doe
his
best
;
yet
to
the
common
good
it
may
be
as
destructive
as
the
former
:
And
herein
,
and
in
the
former
Hindrance
,
as
I
desire
not
to
discourage
any
Ingenious
Spirits
;
so
neither
do
I
desire
to
fawn
upon
the
most
ablest
Artist
,
but
do
hereby
affirm
,
that
the
Undertaker
,
or
Artist
in
this
Work
,
may
exceedingly
Eclipse
the
Common
Good
,
and
through
a
corrupt
selfish
Spirit
may
monopolize
to
his
private
advantage
particular
mens
Interest
,
and
in
and
under
pretence
of
doing
a
Common
Good
,
may
utterly
ruin
thousand
souls
.
Corrupt
self
,
or
Corruption
it self
will
endeavour
this
;
but
an
Ingenious
Spirit
scorns
perfidiousness
;
yet
many
an
Undertaker
may
in
these
respects
be
an
hindrance
to
the
prosperity
of
Fen-draining
,
if
he
be
upon
a
publick
Work
,
for
private
I
meddle
not
withall
.
1.
If
that
he
lay
not
out
a
good
Foundation
,
he
either
wholly
spoils
it
,
or
at
least
bungles
out
a
half
work
,
and
leaves
the
Cream
behind
him
,
and
it
destroyes
it self
at
last
.
2.
If
that
men
shall
pick
and
cull
their
Lands
,
drayn
those
that
are
more
fecible
,
and
leave
out
those
that
are
more
difficult
,
I
say
he
is
an
enemy
to
the
Common
good
;
And
this
is
a
Maxim
I
shall
declare
,
Drain
the
worst
,
and
the
best
will
drain
it self
;
and
sometimes
the
lowest
Lands
may
,
if
thoroughly
drained
,
prove
the
best
Lands
,
and
be
the
speediest
and
easiest
way
to
drain
the
whole
.
3.
If
that
men
drain
those
Lands
wherein
they
are
like
to
have
an
interest
,
throughly
,
and
those
the
Commoners
have
,
more
overly
;
or
imbank
,
or
secure
the
one
from
land-floods
,
and
not
the
other
;
or
if
he
make
not
such
a
through
drain
of
all
as
may
go
to
the
bottom
,
and
lay
it
sound
at
root
,
I
am
sure
he
will
not
attain
the
End
,
the
best
fruit
and
advantage
the
Lands
will
yeeld
;
which
that
it
may
be
accomplished
,
I
shall
descend
to
the
third
Particular
.
The
Third
Particular
to
be
considered
,
is
,
The
Cure
,
or
best
and
speediest
way
of
Reducing
drowned
Lands
unto
perfect
soundness
:
A
Work
too
great
for
my
shallow
parts
,
and
scanty
leasure
.
And
therein
because
I
shall
not
dare
to
teach
men
so
many
degrees
abler
than
my self
,
I
shall
onely
modestly
propose
some
few
Queries
,
the
which
if
any
shall
answer
in
lines
or
practice
,
I
shall
have
my
End
,
the
Common-wealth
will
receive
more
light
,
and
I
my self
full
satisfaction
.
1.
Whether
all
waters
whatsoever
,
Queries
in
Fen-drayning
▪
the
more
they
increase
in
quantity
,
the
more
in
weight
?
if
so
,
then
2.
Whether
if
all
waters
biggen
the
further
they
run
,
especially
in
floods
,
whether
then
all
water-works
or
cuts
must
not
biggen
and
strengthen
also
,
if
that
a
perfect
securing
from
Floods
be
intended
?
And
if
so
,
then
3.
Whether
all
Water-courses
that
are
made
for
drains
must
not
widen
,
biggen
,
and
strengthen
proportionable
both
to
the
Land-floods
that
come
out
of
the
upper
Countries
,
as
also
proportionable
to
the
waters
,
or
downfalls
that
come
from
Heaven
,
and
fall
upon
the
said
Lands
?
And
so
require
answerable
Receptacles
?
if
so
,
then
4.
Whether
,
or
what
is
the
proportion
,
or
how
may
a
man
know
the
gage
thereof
,
and
so
how
to
make
every
course
equall
to
the
water
it
must
carry
?
5.
Where
the
greatest
difficulty
lies
in
drayning
the
Fens
;
whether
in
drayning
the
Fens
from
their
own
naturall
waters
and
moisture
,
or
in
preserving
them
from
the
Land-floods
that
come
from
the
high
Lands
?
If
the
great
difficulty
be
to
preserve
them
from
the
Land-floods
of
other
Lands
,
as
to
me
seems
probable
;
then
whether
it
would
not
be
more
really
advantagious
to
a
perfect
draining
to
take
off
the
Land-floods
at
or
before
their
entrance
into
the
Fens
,
and
so
carry
them
along
the
Fen-side
,
under
the
up-lands
,
and
not
suffer
them
to
come
into
the
middle
of
the
Fen
,
Reasons
why
the
land
floods
would
be
best
taken
o●●
on
the
outside
the
Fen.
as
long
as
it
may
be
kept
off
,
untill
you
come
to
strike
with
one
straight
course
into
the
out-let
of
the
Sea
or
River
,
or
within
some
few
miles
thereof
?
And
whether
this
would
not
be
the
likeliest
certain
meanes
to
prevent
the
just
offenc●●he
Commoner
and
Country
seemed
to
take
in
the
last
undertaking
,
who
una
voce
cry
out
that
the
Undertakers
secured
their
own
by
banks
,
and
preserved
them
from
the
Land-floods
,
and
drowned
all
the
Commoners
side
as
much
as
ever
,
and
that
by
every
considerable
Flood
?
And
if
this
be
granted
,
then
I
dare
conclude
the
Fen
will
drain
it self
with
a
small
course
,
and
with
greater
speed
,
and
more
certainty
,
as
well
as
more
substantially
;
And
so
I
shall
onely
move
this
further
,
and
so
refrain
.
6.
Whether
if
any
of
the
aforesaid
particulars
be
affirmed
,
then
must
not
of
necessity
all
the
Out-lets
or
Mouths
of
all
the
Master-work
,
and
Sluces
,
and
Water-gates
,
be
widened
and
made
proportionable
to
your
higher
courses
,
lest
that
the
water
receive
a
check
thereby
,
either
to
force
your
Sluces
or
give
a
recoil
to
the
waters
into
the
Fen
again
,
I
mean
proportionable
as
well
in
greatness
of
the
fall
,
as
to
the
bre●dth
and
depth
of
the
water-course
.
I
shall
onely
now
desire
to
know
whether
when
the
Master-drains
are
made
substantially
deep
,
it
will
not
be
●o
most
advantage
to
divide
the
lands
into
lesser
divisions
by
small
draines
,
than
to
cast
them
out
into
greater
proportions
?
yet
I
shall
not
prescribe
so
small
as
some
do
,
but
into
the
most
convenientest
divisions
may
be
for
the
compleat
draining
.
And
as
to
Sluces
,
Water-gates
,
Locks
,
&c.
I
shall
say
little
,
because
they
are
under
the
command
of
Rule
,
and
Truth
of
Workmanship
;
and
a
good
experienced
Millwright
or
Engineer
is
well
able
to
regulate
them
to
as
much
Advantage
for
close
shutting
,
and
suitable
opening
,
to
the
incomming
of
the
Tide
,
or
out-going
of
the
Floods
,
as
the
variousness
of
opportunities
will
require
,
which
I
forbear
,
because
they
cannot
easily
be
described
without
figures
.
And
as
to
the
severall
Tooles
to
be
used
in
the
working
of
these
Water-courses
,
they
are
common
,
and
most
of
them
in
common
use
upon
the
Fens
,
except
a
good
water-levell
,
which
I
have
at
large
described
in
the
tenth
Chapter
,
which
is
most
essentially
necessary
for
the
casting
or
laying
out
of
all
the
Works
therof
,
and
a
Trenching
Plough
to
cut
out
the
first
Works
,
and
the
Turfing
Spade
,
all
largely
described
in
the
next
Chapter
.
I
shall
onely
speak
a
word
or
two
to
the
Improvement
of
some
particular
parcels
of
Fen-lands
which
in
themselves
are
drainable
,
and
without
the
least
dependauce
upon
the
general
draining
,
although
I
will
not
say
but
such
Land
would
more
easily
be
drained
in
the
generall
,
than
it
will
be
done
of
it self
;
yet
seriously
pondering
all
things
in
one
even
ballance
,
there
may
be
little
difference
,
and
that
upon
this
account
;
if
it
be
done
as
a
member
of
the
General
,
Some
particular
●ands
may
be
drayned
of
themselves
though
the
generall
be
not
.
then
it
must
contribute
to
the
generall
charge
,
and
share
in
the
generall
breaches
or
miscarriage
,
and
in
all
paaticulars
stand
and
fall
therewith
;
Also
then
it
is
subject
to
the
same
hazard
,
as
the
generall
is
,
of
prejudice
,
by
reason
of
the
differences
that
may
arise
betwixt
the
Owners
,
Proprietors
,
Commoners
,
Undertakers
,
or
whosoever
,
which
may
be
very
many
,
and
so
great
,
as
may
tend
to
the
ruin
of
the
whole
,
which
without
dependance
thereupon
it
will
not
be
.
And
I
am
confident
,
some
very
considerable
parcels
of
Lands
lie
so
convenient
,
and
so
fecible
unto
the
Work
,
that
they
may
be
done
most
easily
;
and
others
lye
more
difficultly
,
and
will
be
done
more
chargeably
;
All
which
I
shall
hold
forth
under
these
two
descriptions
.
1.
Are
all
Lands
that
lye
somewhat
higher
of
themselves
,
All
such-Lands
are
most
fecibl●
to
be
drayned
and
are
never
drowned
(
unless
it
be
by
some
extraordinary
Inundation
)
of
themselves
,
these
are
most
easily
recovered
of
themselves
,
at
a
little
more
charge
than
any
common
Lands
are
inclosed
,
and
that
by
one
good
substantiall
Dike
,
well
turfed
(
or
sodded
,
as
the
Fen-men
call
it
)
on
the
outside
round
about
the
same
,
and
well
rammed
and
beaten
together
,
it
need
neither
be
very
broad
nor
high
,
the
height
and
weight
of
the
water
offending
will
discover
that
unto
you
,
nor
indeed
cost
any
more
than
the
charge
of
a
good
quick
Dike
,
which
every
good
Husband
bestowes
upon
a
new
division
;
and
I
dare
say
there
are
many
thousands
of
Acres
of
Lands
in
many
parts
of
the
Fens
of
this
nature
.
2.
The
Second
is
the
more
difficult
,
and
yet
very
fecible
also
,
and
that
is
certain
Creeks
or
corners
of
Land
●●unning
into
the
up-lands
,
and
upon
the
out-skirs
of
the
Fens
,
and
many
out-borders
that
are
onely
anoyed
with
their
own
,
and
the
swellfng
of
the
naturall
Fen-waters
,
and
are
cleer
from
any
Land-floods
,
or
up-land
waters
running
through
them
,
and
have
one
or
two
sides
firm
,
and
the
securing
of
one
or
two
sides
more
will
secure
the
whole
.
These
are
easily
drainable
without
dependance
upon
the
draining
of
the
whole
Fen
,
and
that
by
a
more
substantiall
imbanking
than
the
former
,
to
secure
it self
from
the
great
waters
of
all
other
Fens
,
and
then
there
will
onely
rest
to
resolve
how
to
drain
it self
;
to
which
I
shall
onely
say
,
that
having
well
provided
against
the
waters
of
bordering
Fens
,
find
out
the
lowest
part
of
all
thy
Lands
,
and
thither
draw
a
good
substantial
Master-drain
through
all
thy
Lands
,
and
there
plant
a
water-Engine
,
which
may
either
be
wrought
by
the
wind
,
or
by
the
strength
of
horse
,
yea
possibly
by
the
strength
of
two
or
three
men
;
which
if
the
compass
of
thy
Land
be
not
great
,
and
thy
water
small
,
may
be
but
a
very
inconsiderable
charge
.
And
thy
Engines
may
also
be
divers
;
as
an
Engine
or
Windmill
may
with
a
water-wheel
,
planted
in
thy
Water-course
,
or
Master-drain
,
or
very
near
unto
it
,
which
water-wheel
must
be
made
to
that
height
as
may
be
sure
to
take
out
the
bottom
of
the
water
,
and
deliver
it
at
the
middle
of
the
wheel
,
which
wheel
may
be
contrived
into
such
a
form
,
Water
Engins
helpfull
in
〈◊〉
,
as
that
the
Ladles
,
as
I
may
call
them
,
or
Peals
,
or
Scoops
,
as
others
call
them
,
will
cast
up
,
and
cast
out
the
water
to
a
considerable
height
,
as
a
man
doth
with
a
hand-scoop
,
pail
,
or
kit
cast
water
out
of
a
ditch
,
which
Engine
shall
at
large
hereafter
both
be
described
,
and
the
form
of
it
delineated
,
or
else
by
a
good
chain-pump
,
or
bucket-work
,
both
which
may
be
made
into
a
Wind-mil-Engine
,
or
else
with
an
Engine
made
with
a
perpetual
Screw
;
all
which
for
that
height
as
is
requirable
to
the
draining
of
such
a
Work
,
wil
lay
a
good
compass
of
Land
dry
in
a
few
daies
,
and
if
time
prevent
not
,
shall
most
of
them
be
described
at
large
.
3.
But
a
Third
is
most
difficult
,
which
I
yet
conceive
also
fecible
,
and
may
be
recovered
also
to
a
great
advantage
:
And
that
is
such
a
parcel
of
Land
that
lieth
also
at
a
skirt
,
These
more
difficult
,
and
yet
fecible
.
or
out-side
of
the
Fen
,
although
it
may
have
some
Land-flood
running
through
it
,
or
near
it
;
which
Land-flood
,
if
it
be
possible
either
to
divert
it
on
the
one
hand
or
the
other
,
of
the
Land
you
desire
to
drain
,
or
else
if
it
be
be
a
small
Floud
,
within
the
compass
and
power
of
an
Engine
,
may
also
be
drainable
,
and
by
the
aforesaid
direction
of
inbanking
the
Land
,
to
secure
the
Land-flouds
from
comming
on
at
at
all
,
which
with
a
reasonable
Bank
,
and
a
fair
open
passage
to
convey
the
Land-flouds
clenly
away
,
may
prevent
the
fear
therof
;
And
then
a
fair
Master-drain
down
through
the
lowest
ground
,
or
neer
the
middle
of
the
Fen
you
desire
to
drain
,
which
must
be
made
so
deep
,
as
that
it
may
substantially
draw
all
cold
corrupt
water
into
it self
:
I
prescribe
no
depth
,
because
I
cannot
give
to
all
sorts
of
Fen-lands
(
no
nor
to
any
other
by
measure
)
a
suitable
and
necessary
proportion
so
far
from
off
the
place
where
it
is
to
be
made
,
and
this
drain
to
be
continued
to
that
place
where
you
have
most
conveniencie
to
land
your
water
,
and
there
planting
one
of
the
aforesaid
Engines
,
I
shall
leave
every
of
them
to
each
mans
own
affection
.
I
know
they
will
every
one
do
the
Work
,
and
that
a
very
inconsiderable
charge
,
to
the
profits
and
advantages
to
be
received
and
reaped
hereby
.
I
shall
say
no
more
in
this
case
,
because
I
much
more
desire
the
general
Work
,
which
will
make
all
these
particulars
to
come
on
the
easier
,
The
draining
of
the
whole
Fens
;
yet
considering
the
rubs
that
lie
in
the
way
of
the
general
,
and
the
great
delaies
and
uncertainties
therof
,
I
am
perswaded
to
discover
the
capacities
of
particulars
.
As
for
the
particular
Engines
,
the
Figures
and
Delineations
of
them
,
they
shall
hereafter
follow
,
to
be
described
to
the
very
capacity
of
the
Country
Farmer
,
as
far
as
possibly
may
be
:
And
because
I
desire
to
speak
to
the
understanding
of
the
meanest
,
you
must
a
little
bear
with
my
tediousness
,
till
you
come
to
the
practice
,
and
then
you
'l
find
plainness
very
usefull
,
and
all
I
have
said
,
little
enough
to
discover
the
same
.
Now
to
proceed
to
the
Fourth
generall
Head
of
this
discourse
,
to
set
forth
the
best
way
of
Improvement
of
the
aforesaid
Lands
.
I
shall
say
the
less
,
because
through
my
whole
discourse
it
is
my
main
Scope
,
and
so
shall
confine
my self
onely
to
some
of
those
particulars
more
peculiar
to
these
Lands
,
though
being
substantially
drained
,
they
are
capable
of
the
impress
of
any
Husbandry
whatsoever
;
I
shall
therfore
divide
the
Fen-lands
into
three
sorts
.
First
,
The
sound
dry
Land
,
seldom
,
or
never
drowned
.
The
Second
shall
be
your
constant
drowned
Lands
in
times
of
great
Flouds
.
And
the
Third
shall
be
your
lowest
Land
of
all
,
that
lieth
constantly
so
wet
and
cold
,
that
it
is
turned
into
a
very
Moor
or
Bog
.
1.
Your
dry
Lands
,
I
for
the
present
account
them
the
very
best
,
and
most
capable
of
raising
the
greatest
present
profit
,
I
shall
therefore
(
because
it
is
fruitfull
of
it self
to
grass
,
and
will
yeeld
advance
enough
thereby
,
and
also
because
there
will
be
enough
for
many
years
of
the
other
two
sorts
remain
to
husbandrize
,
and
toss
and
tumble
up
and
down
)
perswade
to
lay
it
all
for
pasturage
,
until
your
other
Lands
be
perfectly
recovered
and
improved
;
but
this
may
prove
undoubtedly
excellent
Hemp-land
,
Oad-land
,
&
may
be
,
Mather-land
,
and
most
excellent
,
yea
rather
too
good
for
Cole
and
Rape-seed
,
because
there
will
be
other
worser
,
enough
for
that
.
2.
To
the
second
sort
,
only
drowned
by
up-land
flouds
,
&
so
lie
dry
when
the
floud
is
gone
,
I
say
,
if
this
be
not
leavened
with
coldness
,
or
steeped
so
with
constant
corrupt
water
,
that
it
is
turned
into
a
moorishness
,
but
yet
remaines
perfect
Land
,
and
clear
Soard
,
this
very
Land
may
prove
your
best
Land
in
a
little
time
,
and
therefore
I
shall
onely
for
the
reducing
hereof
,
advise
to
a
moderate
plowing
of
it
;
and
for
the
reducing
of
it
to
perfect
soundness
,
advise
to
raise
it
every
plowing
,
dividing
each
ground
into
lands
about
three
yards
over
,
or
thereabout
,
which
will
take
two
casts
of
seed
,
and
in
five
or
six
tilths
will
rise
up
to
so
convenient
a
height
,
as
will
lay
it
sound
and
dry
,
and
increase
your
Land
also
;
yet
however
you
must
not
endeavour
the
laying
any
Land
any
higher
than
your
drains
will
be
sure
to
draw
your
furrows
:
But
in
case
the
Level
of
your
water
will
not
admit
you
to
raise
up
your
Lands
to
so
good
a
height
,
then
you
were
best
make
your
Lands
somewhat
lesser
,
and
then
the
fewer
plowings
will
lay
them
round
and
sound
:
but
be
carefull
not
to
make
your
last
furrow
alwais
in
one
place
,
but
in
each
plowing
shift
one
furrow
,
or
more
,
sometimes
one
way
,
and
somtimes
another
,
and
this
wil
preserve
the
furrow
from
overmuch
barrenness
.
This
Land
may
be
suitable
and
very
excellent
for
Cole-seed
,
and
coming
to
its
perfect
soundness
for
most
of
the
aforesaid
opportunities
,
but
exceeding
rich
for
all
sorts
of
Grain
,
out
of
question
,
onely
I
shall
earnestly
perswade
not
to
plow
too
oft
,
nor
impoverish
it
too
much
at
first
,
for
hereby
most
men
undo
their
Lands
.
I
conceive
it
best
not
to
plow
any
of
these
Lands
no
longer
than
it
is
brought
into
a
perfect
Tilth
,
or
one
year
after
,
three
years
may
do
best
,
though
four
years
may
do
well
,
and
you
will
find
a
gallant
sweet
Turf
succeed
,
and
soard
thick
suddenly
and
sweetly
,
and
your
succeeding
profits
,
all
things
considered
,
may
reach
your
very
benefit
of
corning
to
a
very
neer
scantling
.
I
have
heard
very
many
object
that
matchless
prejudice
by
so
tedious
and
thin
Soarding
,
and
have
affirmed
they
have
tried
it
by
experience
,
and
find
plowing
wofully
destructive
;
And
if
you
should
demand
how
many
years
they
plowed
it
,
they
must
needs
answer
,
some
5
,
some
6
,
some
7
,
some
8
,
and
some
10
,
and
others
more
;
and
if
you
again
ask
them
how
they
laid
it
down
,
they
must
say
for
the
general
,
they
cast
them
down
,
and
left
an
open
Ridge
to
grass
;
and
if
you
should
again
demand
upon
what
stubbles
or
eadish
did
you
lay
down
your
Land
for
grass
,
some
say
upon
the
Peas
stubble
,
or
Barley
,
and
here
&
there
one
upon
the
Oats
,
which
is
better
than
either
of
the
former
,
but
none
say
upon
Wheat
or
Rie
,
which
I
as
highly
commend
,
and
for
the
first
yeares
Soarding
goes
beyond
them
all
;
they
neither
bestowed
any
soil
upon
it
first
,
nor
so
much
as
a
few
hay-seeds
at
laying
down
,
and
yet
they
will
tell
you
a
story
of
I
know
not
what
experiences
they
have
made
,
when
alas
they
never
knew
that
an
Experiment
must
hold
in
all
its
parts
,
and
relate
to
times
,
seasons
,
natures
,
as
well
as
fruit
and
crop
,
and
so
bring
an
ill
report
upon
the
best
husbandry
,
and
stifle
their
own
greatest
gain
.
But
of
this
no
more
,
because
in
other
parts
of
the
Book
it
is
more
largely
discussed
,
yet
bear
with
me
if
repeated
,
because
this
is
the
discovery
of
the
husbanding
of
a
new
World
,
as
a
man
may
call
it
.
I
proceed
to
the
Third
sort
,
A
new
World
may
best
admit
of
new
Husbandry
which
is
your
lowest
land
of
all
,
and
lieth
deep
and
long
drowned
,
that
it
is
even
turned
to
very
Turf
or
Bog
,
and
very
little
useful
,
onely
two
or
three
months
in
summer
it
is
commonable
;
but
whether
profitable
or
no
,
I
scarce
know
,
nor
(
being
a
stranger
both
in
those
parts
,
&
to
those
Lands
)
will
I
be
peremptorily
confident
in
any
thing
,
as
will
not
hold
proportion
and
use
with
other
Lands
;
I
shall
therefore
only
question
whether
in
comm●ning
upon
these
Lands
they
do
not
oft
stiflle
their
cattell
in
the
morishest
places
;
&
whether
they
rot
them
not
,
or
choke
them
not
,
through
many
uncurable
diseases
by
reason
of
the
unwholsomness
of
their
pasturage
.
This
I
dare
affirm
,
I
have
seen
many
poor
thin
cattel
,
which
have
brought
Pharaohs
lean
ill
favoured
kine
into
my
mind
,
and
such
truly
as
I
have
not
so
familiarly
seen
upon
heathy
barren
Commons
,
ten
Acres
whereof
is
not
worth
one
of
these
,
and
yet
thousands
are
prejudiced
against
the
draining
of
them
;
but
to
the
Land
it self
,
being
recovered
and
laid
dry
,
it
will
require
more
time
to
recover
it self
than
the
other
better
Lands
,
&
require
more
cost
and
husbandry
to
bring
it
to
Fertility
;
and
though
all
the
preceding
directions
are
,
or
may
be
applyable
here
unto
it
in
their
propor
Seasons
,
yet
some
other
work
may
be
more
naturall
as
a
ground-work
to
other
Husbandry
,
and
that
chiefly
upon
your
hassocky
morish
rough
Land
,
the
which
being
left
to
grass
,
I
cannot
conceive
it
worth
in
its
present
state
not
above
3
or
4s.
per
Acre
,
and
some
under
,
and
yet
that
very
same
Land
,
by
paines
and
patience
may
recover
to
be
very
good
Land
immediately
.
I
shall
therefore
advise
that
this
Land
be
turved
,
or
as
some
call
it
,
Denshi●ing
Fen
lands
very
usefull
.
denshired
,
that
is
,
all
the
hassocks
cut
up
,
and
the
over-turf
parted
up
,
and
all
laid
upon
little
heaps
till
throughly
dry
,
and
then
burned
to
ashes
,
and
if
it
be
all
stringy
,
rooty
,
and
very
combustible
matter
,
then
the
thicker
you
pare
it
up
the
better
;
for
although
I
differ
from
many
of
the
West-Country
Husbands
about
this
denshiring
their
thin
turved
Lands
,
that
are
pure
from
roots
,
twitch
,
or
moss
,
conceiving
(
that
though
it
bring
their
Land
into
sudden
Tillage
,
and
to
yeeld
out
it's
Spirit
the
first
year
)
it
weakens
the
Land
much
,
Denshiring
lands
reproved
in
the
West
.
there
being
no
addition
to
it
but
a
few
bushels
of
ashes
to
an
Acre
,
in
stead
of
good
Turf
or
Soard
,
that
in
a
Summers
working
will
be
easily
brought
to
Tillage
,
and
(
as
I
believe
)
ads
more
by
far
to
the
fatting
of
the
Land
than
those
ashes
do
;
and
I
am
sure
,
when
any
one
layeth
down
his
lands
to
grass
,
upon
this
Husbandry
,
the
Soard
comes
pale
and
wan
,
and
very
lean
and
low
,
and
never
riseth
to
a
good
Crop
,
and
whosoever
seriously
observes
the
same
,
shal
find
that
very
issue
;
yet
to
Lands
of
this
nature
I
as
highly
extoll
it
,
Burning
Land
extolled
in
the
North.
and
to
all
such
foul
Lands
,
where
is
depth
of
soil
enough
,
and
all
so
combustible
as
nothing
else
will
work
it
unto
Tillage
.
In
the
midst
of
May
,
or
any
time
in
the
very
beginning
of
Summer
,
when
the
Land
is
thorough
dry
,
is
best
,
and
the
earliest
also
,
that
you
may
have
as
much
of
the
Summer
as
you
can
,
to
the
working
of
your
other
Tillages
,
which
being
burned
in
a
dry
season
,
proceed
to
plowing
and
ridging
up
your
Lands
,
and
dividing
them
into
such
proportions
as
your
drains
will
bear
,
as
is
directed
in
the
aforesaid
last
particular
,
&
this
will
then
be
fit
to
take
the
impress
of
any
seed
;
much
of
this
will
bear
Cole-seed
,
or
any
grain
,
which
I
leave
to
the
discretion
of
the
Country
Experiences
,
onely
pray
you
study
laying
all
sound
and
warm
;
plow
not
too
long
,
and
lay
it
down
to
grass
either
upon
the
Oat-stubble
,
which
will
soard
exceeding
well
the
second
year
,
if
not
the
first
,
or
upon
wheat
or
Rie
,
the
Land
harrowed
and
laid
very
smooth
;
this
will
soard
excedingly
the
first
year
,
as
in
other
places
of
the
Book
.
I
have
at
large
discoursed
.
And
as
your
Land
recovers
soundness
,
you
will
by
your
improving
your
own
experiences
,
have
more
Talents
added
to
these
,
you
have
more
opportunities
to
raise
〈◊〉
advantages
out
of
them
.
Now
to
the
conclusion
of
this
Chapter
,
Lands
drowned
by
the
Sea
.
I
shall
onely
add
a
word
or
two
of
Sea-drowned
Lands
,
and
it
shall
be
very
little
,
because
as
to
the
improvements
of
them
whatever
hath
been
before
spoken
and
applied
to
other
Lands
,
may
be
to
these
,
which
being
once
recovered
,
are
very
sound
dry
Land
many
of
them
,
and
the
rest
may
be
reduced
thereunto
by
good
divisions
and
draines
,
as
in
all
other
Marsh-Lands
.
All
the
mystery
of
this
is
in
the
recovery
of
them
,
which
to
discourse
at
large
,
would
be
more
tedious
than
profitable
,
because
as
to
the
materials
for
imbanking
or
bounding
the
Sea
,
whether
Stone
,
Chalk
,
Wood
,
or
Earth
,
little
can
be
said
,
because
all
must
be
referred
to
the
conveniency
and
necessity
of
the
place
upon
which
they
are
requirable
,
onely
there
must
be
great
regard
had
to
the
force
of
the
Sea
that
lies
upon
them
,
and
the
strength
and
violence
of
the
winds
to
which
it
lyeth
most
obnoxious
;
for
I
am
perswaded
it
is
not
so
oft
the
Sea
it self
that
makes
the
breach
,
as
the
strength
of
the
winds
that
forceth
it
over
the
banks
;
neither
can
I
prescribe
the
severall
Locks
or
Water-gates
necessary
for
letting
out
the
Heavens
water
,
nor
the
bigness
or
strength
of
them
,
that
being
proper
to
the
place
upon
which
they
are
to
be
erected
,
there
to
be
discoursed
and
described
,
and
the
common
Engineers
are
very
customarily
used
therto
;
As
to
some
good
ingenious
painfull
Artist
,
little
can
be
added
,
so
that
there
remaines
only
that
I
advise
to
these
two
or
three
general
directions
.
First
,
That
you
be
very
carefully
observant
of
the
power
and
way
of
the
Seas
working
;
for
although
it
is
possible
much
Lands
may
be
gained
from
the
Sea
,
yet
it
is
not
possible
at
all
times
to
keep
the
same
when
it
is
gained
;
therefore
where-ever
you
see
the
Sea
get
or
recover
upon
any
Land
,
be
wary
there
,
rather
study
to
stop
the
Sea
there
on
the
borders
,
and
to
divert
the
force
of
it
another
way
,
which
will
sometime
more
easily
receive
a
check
than
at
other
times
and
places
;
but
if
that
be
not
stayable
,
I
should
advise
not
to
be
too
busy
there
,
but
where
the
Sea
loseth
,
and
Land
increaseth
,
there
is
a
more
probable
opportunity
,
and
there
I
should
rather
pitch
down
my
staff
.
There
is
store
of
these
Lands
to
be
recovered
,
so
that
I
would
not
perswade
any
to
streighten
themselves
with
hazards
and
inconveniences
,
when
there
is
such
a
wide
opportunity
for
the
ingenious
to
improve
both
parts
and
purses
on
the
borders
of
these
Nations
.
Secondly
,
Be
very
carefull
of
placing
your
out-fals
and
water-gates
in
so
convenient
parts
as
may
both
be
best
for
the
firm
draining
of
your
Lands
,
and
for
the
firm
founding
of
your
Sluces
and
Water-gates
,
both
in
relation
to
the
Earth
you
plant
them
on
,
and
the
force
or
strength
of
the
water
that
lieth
against
them
,
or
accidentally
through
some
fierce
storm
that
may
come
upon
them
;
this
hath
been
the
overthrow
of
some
gallant
works
,
and
particular
rules
here
cannot
be
discoursed
but
through
so
much
tediousness
as
will
tire
thy
patience
,
which
I
must
forbear
.
Thirdly
,
Be
above
measure
studious
about
thy
Imbankments
,
that
a
foundation
be
so
firmly
laid
to
the
bottom
with
such
materialls
as
will
hold
out
the
triall
;
therefore
in
every
new
work
some
triall
would
be
made
of
all
materials
,
and
therein
thou
must
be
steered
by
those
the
very
place
affords
,
whether
Stone
,
Chalk
,
Wood
,
or
Earth
,
or
all
,
and
the
present
experience
upon
the
place
will
be
a
better
Tutor
than
I
can
possibly
,
for
I
much
question
whether
the
carriage
of
any
of
these
far
,
will
answer
the
cost
or
hazards
run
therein
.
Be
sure
your
foundation
be
broad
,
well
ramm'd
together
,
and
so
raised
with
solid
matter
and
workmanship
a
good
height
above
the
highest
Tides
,
and
curiously
turved
or
sodded
on
the
Sea-side
;
the
better
is
your
Turf
the
firmer
is
your
work
;
for
if
that
it
once
begin
to
hole
,
or
break
,
look
to
the
main
,
it
is
in
danger
,
and
ever
be
sure
your
new
works
be
made
the
highest
,
because
an
overflowing
upon
an
old
work
is
not
so
dangerous
as
upon
the
new
,
that
it
quickly
and
easily
overthrows
.
Lastly
,
Be
sure
of
ingenious
and
laborious
workmen
;
an
idle
slubberer
will
both
deceive
the
work
and
Master
,
study
not
so
much
cheap
wages
,
as
to
have
your
work
well
done
for
good
wages
;
carefull
ingenious
Overseers
of
the
Labourers
is
an
unvalued
furtherance
to
the
work
,
some
men
have
an
excellent
Genius
that
way
,
will
awe
men
more
with
their
wise
industrious
oversight
,
and
skill
in
mens
frame
of
Spirits
,
and
wise
designing
each
man
to
his
place
and
work
,
that
al
of
them
shal
be
as
members
of
the
body
,
co-adjutors
to
the
whole
,
one
take
it
from
another
,
so
as
no
work
be
done
twice
over
,
nor
one
mans
labour
bear
out
another
mans
sloth
,
but
each
be
helpfull
to
another
,
A
Good
Overseer
worth
Gold
.
so
as
to
advance
the
main
.
I
tell
you
this
is
a
mystery
,
and
a
man
rightly
qualified
for
this
work
is
worth
gold
,
and
very
rarely
to
be
found
.
I
have
seen
some
Bayliffs
intrusted
herein
,
stand
telling
a
story
,
while
all
his
workmen
have
stood
looking
him
in
the
face
,
admiring
him
for
his
Rhetorick
,
and
this
hath
pleased
him
as
well
as
their
working
;
many
have
an
easie
way
of
hindering
work
,
but
few
of
furthering
it
,
and
he
is
a
rare
man
that
can
sort
all
his
works
so
into
each
workmans
hand
,
as
that
it
goes
on
to
purpose
;
confusion
is
through
ignorance
and
sloth
;
a
good
method
,
or
plat-form
to
advance
each
mans
labour
to
the
best
furtherance
of
a
work
,
is
difficult
,
requires
great
ingenuity
,
and
laborious
study
,
I
find
it
most
difficult
,
though
I
have
had
as
large
experience
of
it
as
most
Englishmen
,
yet
cannot
accomplish
it
,
but
many
times
ran
into
confusion
,
through
mens
rudeness
,
and
my
want
of
each
particular
experience
in
each
work
,
the
which
I
instance
as
a
Rock
for
others
,
to
beware
,
and
prize
and
value
a
good
Overseer
,
whose
countenance
and
conversation
is
such
with
workmen
,
as
will
not
onely
awe
and
force
them
,
but
his
wise
and
loving
demeanor
will
compel
them
to
their
utmost
faithfulness
;
a
work
in
its
geares
will
thrive
exceedingly
.
And
so
I
have
done
at
present
with
this
particular
,
till
I
have
gained
some
more
,
and
new
experiences
;
and
with
this
Chapter
.
CHAP.
X.
The
Tenth
Chapter
giveth
directions
to
make
and
use
certain
Tooles
,
or
Instruments
,
which
shall
much
facilitate
the
Work
.
ANd
for
thy
further
incouragement
,
Tooles
belonging
to
floating
and
Trenching
,
to
make
the
work
more
easie
and
less
ch●rgable
.
because
Drayning
and
Trenching
is
found
very
chargable
,
therfore
in
the
third
place
I
will
discover
certain
Tooles
or
Instruments
,
which
shall
make
the
work
more
facile
and
delightfull
,
with
which
two
workmen
(
and
indeed
any
Ingenious
man
many
quickly
attain
a
handiness
,
and
dexterousness
therein
)
that
can
well
handle
them
;
And
shall
doe
more
than
many
common
Labourers
doe
in
one
day
with
their
ordinary
Tooles
,
and
shall
work
more
true
,
and
more
suitable
and
commendable
to
the
nature
of
this
way
of
Improvement
;
which
Tooles
are
all
very
plain
,
and
simple
,
without
severall
motions
,
or
divisions
,
made
onely
for
ease
,
lightness
,
and
quickness
,
not
for
Admiration
or
Confusion
.
The
first
is
a
good
Line
about
thirty
two
yards
long
,
made
of
the
best
Water-wrought
Hemp
,
and
as
big
again
as
Whipcord
,
A
good
Line
.
upon
a
good
Reel
to
wind
it
upon
;
I
prescribe
this
length
because
of
drawing
all
Workes
as
near
unto
a
strait
Line
as
possible
may
be
;
which
length
is
of
use
in
measuring
your
Work
by
the
Pearch
or
Rod
as
you
desire
also
,
and
no
more
of
this
.
The
second
is
a
Water
Levell
about
five
foot
long
,
the
longer
the
better
,
A
Water-Levell
.
but
that
it
will
be
the
far
more
unportatable
,
but
four
foot
&
an
half
wil
do
reasonable
well
;
which
Instrument
many
have
assayed
and
made
,
some
open
with
a
Channel
for
the
water
to
run
all
along
upon
a
three
inched
Piece
of
Oak
,
with
sights
placed
at
each
end
,
true
to
the
water
,
that
is
each
sight
of
a
just
proportion
from
the
water●
to
direct
the
Levell
,
but
this
lyeth
so
open
to
the
Wind
,
and
is
troublesome
removing
,
that
it
is
not
worth
prescribing
.
Others
have
used
them
of
seven
or
eight
foot
long
,
to
be
placed
on
two
or
three
legs
,
as
the
Surveyor
placeth
the
plain
Table
,
the
Levell
made
with
an
hollow
Concave
,
for
the
water
to
lye
hid
from
the
Wind
,
and
to
come
up
in
two
Cups
(
above
the
wood
)
planted
in
the
Levell
,
and
sights
planted
very
Artificially
thereto
,
the
water
in
each
Cup
holding
his
just
proportion
to
both
sights
,
and
this
is
a
very
good
one
,
but
very
troublesome
to
remove
up
and
down
,
and
to
make
dispatch
when
one
hath
need
;
And
in
this
second
form
were
Sir
Edward
Peto
his
Levells
made
very
costly
,
Sir
Edward
Peto
his
Level
.
and
the
Sights
of
good
value
,
whose
Ingenuity
was
very
great
,
and
the
Instrument
very
good
and
rich
,
but
a
little
troublesome
to
carry
up
and
down
;
but
I
rather
chuse
a
plainer
Piece
which
is
very
Portable
,
The
manner
and
form
of
a
true
,
and
the
speediest
Level
that
I
can
devise
.
and
it
is
made
to
fold
into
another
square
Staff
,
and
so
to
carry
like
an
Hunting-Pole
,
my
Staff
is
but
five
foot
and
an
half
long
,
made
of
the
best
young
seasoned
Oak
that
can
be
got
;
my
Levell
,
or
the
Barrell
of
it
,
is
but
four
foot
and
an
half
,
or
five
foot
long
,
which
Barrell
in
the
midst
of
it
,
is
planted
into
the
top
of
my
Staff
thus
;
Just
upon
the
midst
of
my
Barrell
is
a
pair
of
Iron
joynts
curiously
wrought
into
the
very
middest
of
my
Barrell
,
on
the
neather
side
of
it
,
and
at
the
very
over-end
of
my
Staff
,
and
so
much
of
the
one
part
of
my
Staff
,
and
just
half
the
length
of
my
Barrell
taken
away
with
a
moulding
or
rabating
plain
,
untill
both
joyned
together
with
these
joynts
make
one
compleat
Staff
straight
and
formable
,
onely
about
a
quarter
of
an
Inch
taper
upward
,
from
the
bottom
to
the
top
;
that
it
may
not
be
too
top-heavy
,
and
the
Sights
are
to
be
fixed
unto
both
ends
of
the
Levell
Barrell
,
that
they
stand
firm
and
hold
water
,
and
yet
are
very
little
or
no
annoyance
,
either
to
Sight
or
Practise
;
And
in
the
portage
of
it
,
it
is
a
●air
straight
Staff
,
with
a
strong
Pike
in
the
bottom
of
the
Staff
,
and
a
step
to
set
the
foot
,
or
force
it
into
the
ground
where
there
is
no
occasion
to
use
it
;
And
in
the
Exercise
of
it
,
being
unfolded
it
is
an
headless
Cross
,
not
much
unlike
the
Surveyers
cross
Staff
;
which
when
thou
hast
done
thy
work
thou
mayst
fold
it
up
again
,
Who
are
the
makers
of
it
.
and
walk
as
with
an
Hunting-Pole
.
Any
good
Gun-smith
will
make
the
Iron-work
,
and
some
Gun-smiths
will
make
the
Wooden-work
also
with
direction
,
but
properly
it
belongeth
to
the
Joyner
.
The
next
is
the
Trenching-Plough
,
or
Coulter
;
whose
speciall
use
is
to
cut
out
the
Trench
on
both
sides
with
great
expedition
,
The
Trenching
Plough
.
which
is
thus
made
;
Take
a
Piece
of
the
best
tough
Willow
,
about
the
bigness
of
a
Spade-stayl
,
somewhat
strait
,
onely
at
the
neather
end
it
must
look
upward
with
a
neck
like
a
foot
which
must
run
upon
the
ground
,
and
just
above
the
neck
must
be
an
Iron
,
or
little
Coulter
about
the
strength
of
a
Butchers
Knife
,
planted
in
the
Stayl
,
where
the
Stayl
must
be
plated
with
Iron
,
curiously
let
into
the
Wood
on
both
sides
,
through
which
,
as
also
the
Wood
,
the
tange
of
the
Coulter
must
come
,
with
a
Cotter-hole
in
it
above
,
to
cotter
it
close
to
the
over-side
of
the
Staff
,
or
rather
have
two
Coulters
,
one
about
an
Inch
and
half
longer
and
stronger
than
the
other
,
that
so
in
soft
deep
ground
thou
mayst
use
the
longest
,
and
in
dry
ground
the
shortest
.
Whose
use
is
,
when
that
thou
hast
cast
out
thy
Trench
,
and
set
thy
Line
,
thou
mayst
with
this
run
along
thy
Line
,
and
cut
out
one
side
of
thy
Trench
,
almost
as
fast
as
a
man
can
fallow
it
,
and
then
set
out
thy
other
side
,
and
cut
it
out
also
;
but
if
thou
studiest
more
exactness
,
then
in
the
foot
of
thy
Staff
,
and
in
the
middle
of
thy
foot
,
plant
a
little
Braz●n
Wheel
about
four
Inches
high
,
that
so
the
foot
may
bear
it self
a
little
upon
the
Wheel
,
which
will
occasion
it
to
run
more
pleasantly
;
but
the
Wheel
must
also
be
curiously
planted
into
the
foot
with
Plates
,
and
upon
an
Iron
Axeltree
,
wherwith
thou
mayst
cut
out
a
Pearch
whilst
some
will
be
cutting
out
two
yards
,
and
more
true
and
certain
;
and
so
also
mayst
thou
use
it
speedily
to
cut
out
thy
Tur●
overthwart
thy
Trench
,
about
eighteen
inches
,
or
twenty
inches
abroad
,
a
fit
proportion
to
be
taken
up
,
or
sometimes
two
foot
broad
;
for
if
thou
wouldest
take
up
all
thy
Turf
as
curiously
cut
square
,
and
pared
up
about
three
or
four
Inches
thick
all
of
one
thickness
,
just
at
the
root
of
the
grass
,
as
aforesaid
,
of
which
thou
maiest
make
exceeding
great
use
,
which
thou
must
preserve
most
choicely
,
for
therewith
thou
mayest
cover
thy
bare
places
of
Earth
,
or
any
low
places
that
thou
wouldest
raise
up
to
a
Levell
,
and
mayst
have
as
good
Grass
upon
it
within
half
a
year
,
better
than
upon
the
other
Lands
;
For
the
taking
up
of
which
Turf
thou
must
make
a
Spade
on
purpose
,
with
a
bit
looking
up
twice
so
much
as
our
ordinary
Spades
do
,
Turving
Spade
.
with
a
curious
thin
shoo
looking
up
also
;
whose
bit
must
be
exceeding
well
steeled
,
and
more
broader
at
the
point
,
or
neather
end
of
the
bit
,
than
at
the
over
end
,
of
about
half
an
inch
,
and
not
above
by
no
meanes
;
which
will
take
up
the
Turf
,
all
at
one
thickness
,
just
at
the
naturall
height
a
man
useth
it
,
as
he
stands
to
shovell
Earth
before
him
.
This
Spade
is
admirable
usefull
to
cleanse
the
bottom
of
Trenches
,
for
which
use
it
were
very
necessary
to
have
another
an
inch
and
half
narrower
than
the
former
,
for
lesser
and
narrower
Trenches
;
which
Spades
(
the
broadest
sort
of
them
)
are
more
speedy
,
and
more
easie
for
Banking
and
Levelling
high
places
and
great
Ant-hills
,
by
far
,
than
other
Common
Spades
are
.
There
is
another
Tool
or
two
as
usefull
in
these
works
,
The
paring
Spade
.
and
no
less
necessary
,
and
this
is
the
Paring
Spade
,
or
dividing
Iron
,
whose
bit
may
be
made
all
of
Iron
,
being
a
strong
Iron
Plate
with
a
good
strong
Socket
,
to
put
a
straight
tough
Stale
or
Helve
into
,
it
must
be
made
just
straight
every
way
,
the
Bit
must
be
made
twenty
Inches
long
,
the
two
sides
and
neather
end
all
well
steeled
,
the
neather
part
of
the
bit
a
little
bellied
or
square
,
and
the
sides
a
little
hollow
or
compass●d
,
and
the
end
and
sides
as
sharp
as
they
can
be
made
,
for
the
especiall
use
of
this
is
now
and
then
to
cut
out
a
Trench
in
vallies
,
The
use
of
the
Paring
Spade
and
low
places
,
where
thy
Plough
cannot
come
at
it
,
but
principally
to
pare
old
Trenches
after
the
first
year
,
whose
Edges
will
grow
so
thick
with
Grass
,
that
thou
canst
not
get
thy
water
to
pass
currently
,
and
to
dig
it
will
break
thy
Trench
,
&
cut
it
too
thick
,
but
with
this
thou
mayst
cut
it
as
with
a
Cutting
Knife
all
along
thy
Trench
or
Line
,
very
fast
and
most
compleat
;
Thy
Stail
need
not
be
so
long
as
a
naturall
Spade-stail
,
it
must
be
kept
clean
and
bright
,
and
it
will
work
exceeding
easie
;
And
thy
ordinar●
Spades
also
the
better
they
are
and
the
sharper
,
and
curiously
kept
,
the
better
will
they
rid
off
work
by
far
,
and
the
more
easie
and
delightfull
to
the
Workman
,
and
not
fur
and
clog
with
Earth
,
which
makes
the
work
go
off
very
heavily
.
The
Third
Piece
of
Improvement
shews
how
to
Enclose
without
offence
,
and
prevent
Depopulation
that
is
most
common
Attendant
and
Appurtenant
to
Enclosure
,
and
how
to
make
Severall
all
Arable
Common
Field
Lands
,
and
also
all
Common
Heaths
,
Moores
,
Forrests
,
Wasts
,
to
every
particular
Interests
,
and
the
Common-wealths
great
Advantage
.
CHAP.
XI
.
The
Eleventh
Chapter
Treateth
of
Improving
Land
by
Pasture
,
Reproves
Depopulation
,
proves
excellent
advantage
by
Enclosure
,
and
taketh
away
the
usuall
Scandals
layd
upon
it
.
THis
Piece
of
Improvement
will
be
the
better
carryed
on
,
if
we
could
but
prevent
two
great
Rocks
men
are
apt
to
dash
upon
,
and
keep
the
Medium
betwixt
both
.
The
one
is
so
Extreme
for
Pasturing
and
Grazing
,
1
Extreme
.
as
he
will
destroy
Tillage
,
and
raising
of
Corn
,
so
he
may
convert
all
to
Sheep
,
Wooll
,
and
Cattell
;
though
the
contrary
be
of
incomparable
more
advantage
,
Credit
,
and
Glory
.
The
other
all
for
Tillage
,
and
Plowing
,
that
he
will
toyl
all
his
dayes
himself
and
Family
for
nothing
,
2
Extreme
.
in
and
upon
his
common
arable
Field
Land
,
up
early
and
down
late
,
drudge
and
moyl
and
wear
out
himself
and
Family
;
rather
than
he
will
cast
how
he
may
Improve
his
Lands
by
Impasturing
,
and
Enclosing
of
it
,
whereby
he
may
raise
more
profit
in
Sheep
,
Wools
,
Cattell
,
and
far
more
Corn
also
if
he
please
upon
every
Acre
.
For
the
discovering
a
little
these
self
deceivers
to
themselves
,
I
shall
speak
a
word
or
two
more
large
to
each
Extreme
.
The
first
Extreme
is
partly
through
so
deep
an
Affectation
of
Tillage
and
plowing
in
Common
,
although
it
be
to
his
perpetuall
slavery
and
drudgery
all
his
dayes
,
he
will
not
leave
it
,
and
especially
through
a
prejudice
he
hath
taken
against
Enclosure
through
some
mens
depopulation
and
oppression
,
and
destruction
of
Tillage
,
that
he
will
not
approve
hereof
upon
any
Tearmes
,
but
oppose
with
all
the
might
and
main
he
can
;
what
saith
he
,
Enclose
,
depopulate
,
destroy
the
poor
?
no
,
our
fathers
lived
well
upon
their
land
without
Enclosure
,
kept
good
hospitality
,
many
servants
,
and
bred
up
many
children
,
and
abhominated
the
thoughts
thereof
,
and
so
will
wee
prevent
it
if
we
can
;
wee
will
toyl
and
moyl
all
our
dayes
,
and
breed
up
our
children
to
keep
sheep
,
horse
or
beast
,
kick
up
their
heeles
upon
a
bank
,
flit
our
horses
,
and
breed
them
up
to
take
our
inheritance
of
Thirty
,
Forty
,
or
Fifty
pounds
by
the
year
,
with
which
few
can
scarce
bring
both
ends
together
by
the
yeares
end
,
as
dayly
experience
shewes
,
they
not
once
considering
the
fruit
of
Idleness
,
not
the
great
Improvement
of
this
honest
equall
Enclosure
,
nor
their
childrens
ruin
for
want
of
learning
,
Trade
,
or
good
breeding
,
the
least
whereof
is
better
,
or
may
be
better
to
them
than
all
their
lands
.
Witness
thousands
in
England
that
prefer
their
children
better
with
a
little
good
breediug
,
with
little
portion
,
than
they
can
or
usually
do
with
all
their
inheritance
.
The
second
extreme
is
as
like
the
former
as
can
be
,
and
is
so
prejudiciall
to
the
Common-Wealth
,
and
destructive
to
good
husbandry
,
and
it
ariseth
out
of
base
private
humour
of
sloth
and
self-will
,
and
want
of
a
wise
Spirit
of
discerning
in
Improvements
,
and
because
he
seeth
some
men
have
abused
〈◊〉
Pasture-Land
by
over
plowing
,
and
took
out
the
Spirit
and
life
thereof
,
that
it
will
not
come
to
it self
of
many
yeares
(
which
is
an
ill
piece
of
providence
indeed
)
therefore
he
will
not
plow
any
old
Pasture
Land
at
all
,
upon
any
tearmes
,
or
for
any
time
,
no
though
his
Land
be
so
decayed
and
impoverished
,
that
that
Land
which
would
have
maintained
much
cattell
,
will
not
now
maintain
so
much
by
one
third
part
or
a
quartern
,
as
it
did
after
the
first
through
soarding
:
and
by
reason
either
of
the
wet
and
cold
year
,
or
the
overpowring
of
the
moss
or
Anthills
,
or
some
other
trash
,
it
puts
not
that
proof
into
Cattell
,
nor
scarce
half
,
as
it
did
at
the
first
Soarding
;
nay
though
it
calls
loud
for
plowing
,
and
will
be
much
bettered
,
and
the
Rent
doubled
,
yet
he
will
not
have
it
plowed
come
what
will
;
What
saith
he
,
destroy
my
old
Pasture
,
my
sheep-walkes
,
and
beggar
my
Land
?
all
the
world
shall
not
perswade
him
to
that
,
you
may
as
soon
perswade
him
not
to
eat
good
wholesome
food
,
because
some
men
overcharged
their
stom
acks
by
excesse
herein
;
because
here
and
there
an
indiscreet
man
did
wrong
his
Land
by
excessive
plowing
,
he
will
not
use
it
at
all
,
not
moderately
,
though
he
may
Mend
or
better
it
thereby
;
No
saith
he
,
I
can
raise
a
constant
profit
by
my
Wool
and
lamb
,
my
fat
beef
and
mutton
,
at
an
easie
quiet
way
unto
my self
and
family
without
much
vexing
or
turmoyling
,
(
which
is
a
gallant
way
of
living
,
and
I
shall
exceedingly
advise
and
commend
it
too
,
until
the
Land
degenerate
,
and
calls
out
for
plowing
,
or
the
Common-wealth
calls
out
for
corning
,
and
will
yeeld
far
better
advance
therby
)
he
takes
more
content
in
a
Sheep-heard
and
his
dogg
,
and
in
his
own
will
and
ease
,
than
in
greater
advantage
;
and
as
the
other
Extreme
will
hinder
all
Improvements
he
can
by
way
of
Enclosure
under
pretence
of
overthrowing
Tillage
(
though
a
man
may
till
as
much
&
get
far
more
Corn
in
Pasture
than
in
Common
if
he
will
)
so
will
this
out
o●
as
vain
and
senseless
pretences
hinder
all
Corning
in
pasture
,
lest
he
should
prejudice
his
Land
for
grazing
,
although
he
may
moderate
corning
,
and
better
his
Land
to
grazing
also
;
so
have
I
erected
a
Sea-mark
upon
both
these
Rocks
,
that
all
men
may
take
heed
of
dashing
themselves
thereon
,
the
Ingenious
I
am
sure
will
never
come
near
them
.
But
for
satisfaction
to
the
first
extreme
maintayned
by
that
generation
of
strange
men
that
oppose
Enclosure
,
yet
see
every
day
the
Rents
of
those
Lands
Improved
,
some
doubled
,
some
more
,
some
less
,
and
the
Land
certainly
advanced
by
it
,
one
Acre
made
worth
three
or
four
,
and
after
a
while
will
bear
more
Corn
without
soyl
for
three
or
four
year
,
than
divers
Acres
as
it
was
before
in
Common
,
that
onely
say
Enclosure
may
as
easily
be
made
without
depopulation
as
with
it
;
and
to
the
other
Extreme
.
I
am
not
ashamed
maintain
,
as
a
reproof
to
this
Extreme
,
that
many
ten
thousand
Acres
of
Land
in
England
,
may
yeeld
a
double
profit
divers
yeares
,
by
plowing
,
and
afterwards
yeeld
as
much
rent
as
ever
before
,
and
possibly
much
more
;
Nay
,
I
'll
say
,
observe
my
Directions
punctually
;
and
I
'll
make
good
the
old
Rent
the
very
first
year
,
after
Plowing
,
and
begin
to
enter
upon
it
as
soon
as
the
Crop
is
reaped
off
,
and
begin
my
year
with
Winter
too
,
which
is
accounted
the
worst
advantage
to
the
Tenant
,
and
so
for
Seven
,
Ten
,
or
Twenty
,
upon
many
sorts
of
Lands
in
England
of
the
aforesaid
Value
;
But
to
stop
the
mouthes
of
such
Madcaps
in
each
Extreme
,
and
make
good
my
Proposition
,
I
will
begin
and
try
whether
I
can
hold
out
Enclosure
without
any
Depopulation
,
or
the
lest
prejudice
,
and
then
proceed
to
a
full
answer
to
the
rest
.
And
secondly
that
your
Arable
or
Common
Field
Lands
,
Enclosure
held
forth
without
Depopulation
.
or
common
Heathes
,
Moores
or
Forrests
may
be
highly
Advanced
;
that
is
out
of
question
I
suppose
,
denyed
scarce
by
any
,
that
have
had
seven
years
Experience
of
the
Disproportion
betwixt
the
profits
of
one
Lordship
in
Common
,
and
the
next
adjoyning
to
it
Inclosed
;
The
one
worth
three
hundred
pounds
in
Common
,
the
other
near
a
thousand
in
Pasture
.
Now
here
lyeth
the
Trick
indeed
to
make
this
Improvement
,
and
neither
Prejudice
Poor
,
nor
Minister
,
Labourer
nor
Farmer
,
Tenant
nor
Landlord
,
One
or
Other
,
that
hath
any
proper
Right
of
interest
therein
,
and
not
Depopulate
.
For
the
holding
forth
of
which
,
I
will
Demonstrate
such
a
Method
,
or
way
of
Enclosure
(
without
Depopulation
)
as
all
men
in
particular
shall
have
a
Proportionable
Advance
thereby
,
and
the
Common
Wealth
a
double
or
Treble
,
and
Tillage
advanced
also
,
and
so
the
one
Extreme
prevented
,
and
no
man
hindred
,
all
which
shall
admit
of
no
other
Inconvenience
than
this
,
viz.
The
prevention
in
great
measure
of
Idleness
&
Oppression
;
The
grandest
evill
of
a
just
and
equall
Inclosure
prevents
Idleness
and
Oppression
onely
.
't
is
true
it
will
remove
or
take
away
it
may
be
a
Shepheard
,
or
a
Boy
or
Girl
from
keeping
Cattell
,
who
are
more
fit
for
School
or
Trade
,
and
put
the
Shepheard
to
the
Spade
,
or
it
may
be
prevent
some
great
Oppressor
of
the
Commons
,
that
drives
off
all
poor
Commoners
off
their
Commons
by
his
great
Flocks
and
Heards
,
whom
this
Project
may
drive
off
his
Sheep
walkes
,
who
lives
just
upon
the
Common
side
and
eates
out
the
Poor
,
and
others
that
live
more
remote
;
And
also
happily
prevent
a
Rot
especially
when
t
is
Soarded
,
Enclosure
prevents
the
Rot
of
sheep
exceedingly
.
which
usually
is
once
in
four
or
five
years
in
most
part
of
this
Nation
,
which
destroyes
all
before
it
,
and
consumeth
the
Care
and
Paines
of
the
Oppressor
too
and
others
together
,
of
all
other
yeares
profit
at
once
;
And
possibly
may
for
a
little
season
bring
down
the
price
of
Sheep
,
Cattell
and
some
other
things
(
by
reason
of
plenty
of
Sheep
so
suddainly
destroyed
)
being
of
so
ill
a
name
,
Inclosure
may
occasion
more
work
done
at
an
easier
charge
.
to
a
low
rate
;
Which
were
it
not
for
that
Rotting
Deluge
their
incr●ase
would
be
beyond
Arithmeticall
Demonstration
;
But
for
a
long
seaso●
afterwards
raiseth
them
to
a
double
Rate
immediately
ag●in
:
And
possibly
it
may
be
as
an
Engine
to
facilitate
mo●st
parts
of
Husbandry
,
and
cause
a
great
deal
of
work
to
be
done
with
fewer
hands
,
and
yet
before
the
Discourse
be
ended
,
I
'll
find
all
sorts
work
enough
to
all
mens
Advantages
whatsoever
;
and
these
are
the
Inconveniences
of
Inclosure
and
good
Husbandry
,
others
I
know
none
;
the
conveniences
follow
also
,
if
any
more
or
greater
shall
be
proposed
I
shall
indeavour
to
Answer
them
in
the
Sequell
.
CHAP.
XII
.
Sheweth
the
Lands
capable
of
Enclosure
,
and
the
Method
of
●t
,
how
it
Advanceth
the
Publick
Weal
and
all
particular
Interests
.
ANd
to
this
end
consider
that
all
Lands
capable
of
Enclosure
,
Lands
capable
of
enclosure
.
are
either
Common
Fields
and
Arable
Lands
,
Mens
proper
Right
and
Inheritance
,
or
else
Common
Pasturing
upon
Heaths
,
Moor
;
Marshs
,
or
Forrests
Lands
.
For
the
Enclosure
of
your
common
field
,
Arable
Land
,
I
lay
down
this
Direction
;
All
Interests
to
be
provided
for
,
which
I
conceive
may
be
reduced
to
these
four
.
-
1.
First
,
either
Lord
of
the
soyl
or
Landlord
,
or
,
-
2.
Secondly
,
the
Minister
to
the
People
,
or
else
-
3.
Thirdly
,
the
Freeholder
Farmer
or
Tenant
,
or
lastly
and
-
4.
Fourthly
,
the
Poor
Labourer
or
Cottier
▪
All
which
having
some
Interests
more
or
less
,
shall
be
seriously
considered
of
.
Therefore
I
begin
with
the
last
,
the
Poor
Cottier
,
or
Cottier
provided
for
.
day
Labourer
,
and
to
provide
for
him
,
because
he
hath
ever
been
oppressed
if
any
,
and
last
or
least
provided
for
,
And
look
what
right
or
Interest
he
hath
in
Common
,
I
'll
first
allot
out
his
proportion
into
severall
with
the
better
,
rather
than
with
the
worse
,
a
Proportion
out
of
every
mans
Inheritauce
,
and
so
much
,
or
so
many
Cattell
as
he
may
keep
in
Common
,
he
shall
keep
in
Pasture
,
or
rather
more
,
at
as
easie
a
rate
as
they
pay
for
it
in
Common
,
for
their
lives
that
now
live
upon
it
,
and
ever
after
at
an
under
Value
;
and
so
I
cannot
possibly
conceive
that
he
hath
any
cause
to
be
offended
.
And
for
the
Labourer
,
you
shall
see
how
I
shall
provide
for
him
too
before
I
have
done
,
Labourer
provided
for
.
besides
the
allotment
of
his
Proportion
,
as
to
the
Cottier
,
or
to
what
Right
soever
he
hath
of
due
or
Custome
.
Then
for
the
Minister
in
the
next
place
,
because
he
hath
seemed
to
be
the
Opposer
of
it
,
Minister
provided
for
.
most
usually
:
And
truly
so
he
had
good
reason
,
as
the
state
of
things
formerly
stood
with
him
:
(
For
though
I
believe
that
Tithes
are
neither
consonant
to
a
Gospell
Minister
,
Tithes
not
Gospell
wayes
maintenance
.
(
the
List
of
which
dispute
becomes
me
not
,
nor
I
intend
not
to
enter
in
)
nor
yet
Conducing
to
a
sweet
Compliance
with
his
people
)
Yet
I
also
say
,
that
should
a
Minister
either
have
accepted
the
peoples
benevolence
of
our
ordinary
English
Parishes
for
his
pay
,
Or
have
stood
to
the
Courtesie
of
the
Lord
,
or
Freeholder
,
what
he
shonld
have
had
upon
the
Inclosure
;
I
fear
,
for
the
one
it
would
have
been
too
little
for
a
Ministers
Maintenance
,
and
for
the
other
,
he
might
go
barefoot
,
and
his
Family
a
begging
,
for
what
the
Common
people
would
Contribute
to
his
Subsistence
,
And
therefore
would
have
him
to
have
his
Proportion
next
,
and
a
very
substantiall
Livelihood
allotted
out
of
the
Lands
inclosed
,
untill
the
State
shall
settle
a
more
better
or
more
suitable
way
of
Maintenance
for
him
;
If
there
be
either
a
Competent
number
of
people
for
him
to
preach
unto
,
or
Competency
of
Land
to
raise
it
from
in
every
Parish
,
or
else
two
or
more
Parishes
that
joyn
conveniently
to
be
laid
together
,
(
And
according
to
what
his
Right
or
Proportion
)
(
if
he
have
it
in
way
of
Tithing
)
to
be
inclosed
,
or
cast
into
pasture
for
him
by
himself
,
with
as
much
Conveniency
for
his
dwelling
as
may
be
.
And
where
either
Inclosure
cannot
be
agreed
upon
,
or
made
(
as
possibly
in
some
parts
it
may
not
Consist
with
all
mens
advantages
)
I
conceive
there
may
be
an
agreement
made
for
the
allotment
of
the
Ministers
proportion
,
to
be
cast
into
Pasture
,
so
that
were
his
Tenth
Enclosed
,
it
would
be
so
gallant
a
maintenance
for
him
and
,
contentfull
to
all
Parties
,
that
it
would
remove
all
troubles
,
or
occasion
of
Confusion
,
and
Increase
Love
and
Unity
,
which
Tithings
have
ever
occasioned
Divisions
and
Contentions
:
Which
either
he
may
imploy
his
Wife
and
Family
upon
part
thereof
for
necessary
Maintenance
,
And
set
(
with
much
more
ease
)
the
rest
to
free
his
Family
from
Care
and
trouble
:
And
so
receive
his
pay
every
half
year
without
the
least
Distraction
.
I
would
have
him
to
have
such
a
large
Allotment
and
Proportion
,
as
might
inable
him
to
be
Capable
of
Hospitality
,
of
which
he
is
to
be
a
Lover
,
1.
Tit.
8.
&
far
better
able
to
give
than
to
receive
,
and
to
Administer
to
others
,
than
to
be
administred
unto
by
way
of
Charity
.
And
as
for
the
great
depopulation
in
the
Nation
that
hath
devoured
poor
&
Tenant
,
Depopulation
reproved
.
overthrow
Corning
and
good
Husbandry
,
and
in
some
parts
Minister
and
all
,
and
yet
persist
by
keeping
their
Land
from
Tillage
when
it
wants
it
;
when
Country
,
the
Landlords
profit
,
the
Markets
,
the
Labourer
,
Poor
,
and
Land
it self
and
all
calls
for
it
,
is
no
less
than
grand
oppression
.
As
also
for
other
places
where
no
maintainance
is
assigned
for
the
Minister
,
Impropiations
to
be
thought
of
▪
but
the
people
starve
for
want
of
bread
,
and
where
those
great
Impropriations
are
that
devour
all
the
Profits
,
and
have
all
to
a
short-coat
Vicaridge
;
How
these
things
should
be
mended
,
is
infinitely
beyond
my
Sphere
;
how
Ministers
should
be
raised
,
maintenance
and
all
Interest
preserved
,
I
know
not
;
only
I
shall
pray
the
wise
God
to
direct
our
highest
Counsells
in
regulating
these
distractions
,
for
it
is
far
beyond
my
shallow
capacity
how
to
advise
.
And
for
the
Free-holder
Farmer
or
Tenant
,
Free-holder
▪
I
question
not
the
Free-holders
offence
,
for
he
having
his
proportion
I
know
it
will
be
doubled
and
more
to
his
advantage
.
And
for
the
Tenant
let
him
also
share
in
some
Advancement
,
either
let
him
injoy
it
at
an
easie
rate
,
that
look
whatsoever
Bargain
he
hath
in
common
by
the
year
,
he
may
have
a
better
upon
the
Enclosure
;
or
else
let
him
take
a
Lease
for
Lives
,
or
Yeares
,
that
as
he
enjoyes
the
worst
,
upon
the
first
Inclosure
,
so
he
may
have
the
best
also
,
having
a
good
T●rm
of
time
therein
,
and
then
I
hope
he
will
not
wrangle
neither
;
for
I
am
sure
he
need
neither
Moyl
nor
Cark
as
he
did
before
,
but
manage
his
business
with
more
ease
,
sweet
content
,
and
advance
of
profit
.
And
for
the
Land-Lord
,
or
Lord
,
I
shall
not
much
bespeak
his
favour
,
Lord
of
the
Soyl
or
Landlord
,
or
Approbation
,
for
he
will
beleeve
me
without
Demonstration
,
that
there
will
be
a
visible
and
considerable
advance
fall
upon
him
,
onely
crave
his
patience
,
that
he
'll
not
be
offended
,
that
I
seem
(
and
but
seem
so
to
do
)
to
project
to
give
away
his
Right
as
to
the
Poor
,
which
in
Common
is
their
own
,
whether
by
Right
Custome
,
(
for
I
speak
of
no
other
in
this
place
but
such
as
have
right
of
Common
)
and
so
they
may
require
so
much
by
Law
;
but
to
encourage
them
,
and
to
remove
offence
and
scandall
I
advise
it
.
And
when
all
these
particulars
concerned
in
their
severall
Rights
are
satisfied
,
we
shall
do
well
;
and
yet
the
great
Block
and
Prejudice
is
yet
to
be
removed
,
which
is
,
the
destruction
of
Corn
,
and
Tillage
,
which
I
promised
to
clear
,
which
followes
here
.
First
I
indeavour
before
Enclosure
,
that
either
by
ingagements
so
firm
and
surely
made
,
How
Inclosure
shall
not
prejudice
the
increase
of
Corn
or
food
.
by
all
parties
concerned
in
it
,
as
they
may
fall
under
Law
to
be
recovered
;
Or
else
by
a
particular
State
Law
enacted
to
this
end
,
so
to
ingage
all
men
in
this
new
Inclosure
to
allot
,
or
cast
out
one
third
part
or
thereabout
at
least
of
all
their
Lands
constantly
for
Tillage
,
or
what
more
at
any
time
they
please
;
One
third
part
for
Meadow
,
Four
arguments
to
prove
the
advantage
by
Enclosure
,
and
that
more
Corn
may
be
raised
being
Inclosed
than
Common
.
And
another
third
part
for
Pasture
,
or
feeding
Land
,
which
third
part
for
Tillage
if
my
conceptions
fail
not
,
First
with
the
help
of
all
that
Soyl
that
the
Hay
of
the
other
third
part
will
raise
in
maintaining
all
the
Cattell
in
Winter
,
that
they
Pastured
in
summer
upon
the
other
third
part
,
which
I
conceive
may
be
as
many
more
;
and
also
.
Secondly
,
by
that
advantage
there
will
be
sometime
Plowing
on
Pasture
,
and
resting
Another
,
whereby
fresh
Land
and
Reitey
for
some
years
will
bear
more
Corn
without
Manure
,
than
it
did
before
with
it
,
and
indeed
also
after
some
yeares
of
resting
may
stand
in
need
of
Plowing
,
and
possibly
may
advance
the
Land
by
it
,
as
I
am
sure
they
will
all
our
Wood-land
,
coarser
Lands
whatsoever
,
that
are
either
subject
to
the
Moss
,
or
Rush
,
or
Ant-hills
,
whatever
it
,
will
do
to
better
.
Thirdly
,
well
knowing
(
that
without
question
)
one
Acre
of
well
Manured
and
Husbandryed
Land
,
will
yeeld
more
fruit
than
two
or
three
otherwise
;
A
principle
undeniable
.
Fourthly
,
consider
the
vast
advantage
there
will
be
by
Husbandring
a
little
well
,
I
say
,
it
is
clear
some
one
Acre
manured
,
plowed
and
hus●andred
in
season
,
and
unto
that
height
of
Richness
the
Land
and
seed
sowed
doth
require
,
may
and
doth
usually
bear
as
much
Corn
as
two
or
three
ill
husbandred
as
aforesaid
.
Then
ballance
the
Business
,
and
weigh
but
the
advantage
.
One
Acre
beareth
the
fruit
of
three
,
One
Acre
brings
forth
as
much
Corn
as
three
.
the
two
Acres
are
preserved
to
graze
,
the
seed
and
all
other
charges
of
two
Acres
is
preserved
to
help
the
Markets
;
The
Husbandry
,
and
Plowing
,
and
sowing
of
two
Acres
is
also
saved
.
Oh
consider
it
,
and
neither
be
such
Enemies
to
the
State
,
nor
of
your selves
and
Common-wealth
,
so
great
Abusers
of
Ingenuity
and
Good
Husbandry
,
so
great
Traducers
;
When
men
have
their
Lands
enclosed
,
and
at
their
own
command
,
I
fear
not
but
most
men
will
covet
to
Husbandry
every
Acre
so
well
,
as
it
may
yeeld
forth
the
utmost
fruit
it
is
possibly
able
to
produce
,
having
the
rest
at
their
own
Command
also
,
to
imploy
to
another
Advantage
.
Which
done
half
the
Land
in
England
thus
managed
would
yeeld
more
than
all
that
now
is
under
Tillage
.
This
Poor
Piece
by
the
by
observed
,
and
practised
,
would
make
good
the
Improvement
promised
,
consider
it
well
and
be
convinced
,
or
reply
.
Fifthly
,
if
you
consider
that
all
your
Common
Fields
were
never
under
Tillage
neither
,
As
great
part
S●ades
and
Hade
wayes
,
and
a
great
part
Meadow
,
and
much
and
many
Balkes
between
each
Land
,
and
many
High
wayes
,
and
some
commune
of
Pastures
and
Leayes
left
for
keeping
Beasts
or
Sheep
upon
,
all
which
will
contain
one
third
part
,
as
I
conceive
,
if
not
near
half
in
some
places
,
not
under
Tillage
but
wast
Lands
,
Certainly
I
conclude
there
may
be
as
much
Corn
go
by
Ingenuity
upon
this
lesser
quantity
of
Ground
,
and
much
more
being
inclosed
,
than
upon
it
all
in
Common
;
And
that
there
cannot
be
any
destruction
of
Tillage
upon
all
the●e
Wasts
and
Grazed
parts
which
ever
lay
to
Grass
,
and
no
Tillage
was
upon
them
,
so
that
I
must
clearly
conceive
,
were
one
third
p●rt
upon
all
Enclosure
allotted
out
or
covenanted
to
be
kept
constantly
in
Tillage
,
though
I
advise
not
to
keep
the
same
third
part
alway
in
Tillage
,
but
sometimes
one
part
,
and
sometimes
another
,
all
making
up
one
just
third
part
,
would
raise
as
much
Corn
as
all
did
in
Common
.
And
lastly
Enclosure
cannot
destroy
Tillage
the
Staff
of
the
Country
,
because
it
ever
yeelds
most
profit
,
nor
will
,
nor
need
all
be
converted
to
Pasturage
:
Cain
and
Abel
were
born
and
planted
together
,
and
ordained
to
live
together
,
and
if
there
were
any
danger
of
one
destroying
the
other
,
Tillage
is
likelyer
to
destroy
Pasturage
,
because
Cain
slew
Abel
;
but
without
a
fear
the
Ploughman
and
the
Sheepheard
may
do
best
together
in
a
Common-wealth
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
Sheweth
the
Excellency
of
Tillage
,
and
the
great
Profit
thereof
,
and
the
great
Advance
is
made
out
of
severall
Enclosed
Countries
beyond
Champain
,
as
also
the
great
Improvement
of
Heaths
,
Moores
,
and
Forrests
,
which
will
dismiss
those
needless
feares
of
overthrowing
Tillage
.
NOw
Tillage
yeeldeth
the
greatest
profit
to
Land-Lord
or
Occupier
,
Tillage
great
profit
.
study
especially
the
Good
Husband
to
convert
thy
Land
to
the
best
Profit
,
And
that
is
held
and
maintained
by
all
men
to
be
by
Tillage
,
else
why
do
men
give
double
Rents
to
Till
and
Plow
above
what
they
do
to
Graze
,
and
if
thou
art
not
yet
satisfied
,
consider
but
the
Wood-Lands
who
before
Enclosure
were
wont
to
be
releeved
by
the
Fieldon
with
Corn
of
all
sorts
,
And
now
are
grown
as
gallant
Corn
Countries
as
be
in
England
,
as
the
Western
parts
of
Warwickshire
,
and
the
Northern
parts
of
Worcestershire
,
Staffordshire
,
Shropshire
,
Darbyshire
,
Yorkshire
,
and
all
the
Countries
thereabouts
,
and
all
the
Chalk
Countries
both
South
and
West-ward
.
Also
consider
the
Chiltern
Countries
,
and
you
shall
find
,
that
were
it
al
Inclosed
men
would
Plow
little
or
no
whit
less
than
now
they
do
,
because
nothing
else
nor
no
way
else
would
yeeld
the
like
advance
.
Consider
Hartfordshirex
,
Esse
,
Kent
,
Surry
,
Sussex
,
Barkshire
,
Hampshire
,
Wiltshire
,
Somersetshire
,
and
all
the
rest
,
All
which
not
onely
raise
Corn
for
themselves
,
but
to
supply
that
great
City
that
Spends
as
much
as
all
those
Countreyes
,
and
far
more
:
And
yet
no
parts
of
England
set
at
greater
Rates
or
makes
greater
Advantages
by
Grazing
,
and
yet
the
greatest
part
thereof
upon
Tillage
,
and
Corning
.
And
what
Country
not
almost
though
Inclosed
,
yeelds
the
greatest
profit
by
the
Abundance
of
Corn
produced
;
But
if
all
that
I
have
said
be
not
enough
,
I
have
enough
I
am
▪
sure
before
I
have
done
.
As
for
your
Heathes
,
Moores
,
and
Forrest
Lands
,
I
shall
onely
speak
thus
much
,
That
vast
and
Incredulous
are
their
Capacities
of
Improvement
in
generall
,
referring
the
particular
wayes
of
Improvement
of
every
sort
,
and
differing
natured
Land
,
as
they
fall
in
the
fourth
or
sixt
Piece
of
Improvement
to
avoid
prolixity
,
because
the
very
same
Ingredients
,
Compositions
,
and
Directions
,
are
suitably
and
naturally
appliable
to
these
Lands
,
as
to
those
to
which
they
are
prescribed
.
Therefore
I
onely
say
that
all
Interests
in
these
Commons
,
Onely
Right
in
Commons
,
not
Vsurpers
I
speak
to
.
or
Rights
of
Common
Pasture
,
upon
any
of
these
Lands
,
may
without
Prejudice
to
any
particular
Interest
,
be
advantaged
,
and
much
Improvement
made
to
the
Publique
;
I
speak
not
to
inright
the
Usurpers
of
right
wrongfully
maintained
,
or
Oppressors
of
any
other
mens
Rights
,
I
desire
that
Right
might
onely
run
in
its
proper
Chanell
.
First
in
generall
by
the
same
Method
of
Enclosing
,
held
forth
in
this
third
generall
Piece
of
Improvement
,
touching
Common
Field-Lands
,
if
thereto
,
before
Enclosure
you
do
but
add
the
Method
or
Drought
of
first
casting
out
your
Lands
,
At
the
first
Enclosing
of
any
Common
,
how
to
cast
out
Land
to
the
greatest
Advance
.
and
plotting
them
into
such
Plots
and
Formes
,
so
that
where
there
is
or
may
be
a
Capacity
of
bringing
thy
Land
under
any
good
Stream
or
Land-flood
,
be
sure
to
cast
it
for
Meadowing
,
having
drawn
one
Master
Level
floating
course
throughout
they
whole
Plot
of
Enclosure
,
which
may
also
serve
as
thy
first
division
;
and
to
carry
thy
water
along
also
to
flow
thy
Meadowing
thou
shalt
make
all
under
it
fit
,
that
thou
mayst
not
lose
that
Opportunity
now
at
first
,
(
which
after
divisions
made
cannot
be
had
)
of
so
great
an
Improvement
,
at
so
small
a
Rate
,
now
at
thy
first
contrivance
thou
mayst
cast
it
under
,
and
then
cast
out
all
thy
Lauds
,
accorto
the
most
suitableness
of
them
,
all
to
such
Improvements
they
lye
under
,
and
then
to
the
Conveniencies
of
each
mans
Right
and
Interest
,
and
the
greatest
Advancement
upon
these
Inclosures
will
be
two
.
The
first
giving
all
Ingenuous
men
a
Capacity
to
Plow
,
Tow
Advantages
of
this
Enclosure
.
and
Till
what
they
please
thereof
,
which
will
raise
a
double
,
or
treble
Advantage
,
as
to
Grazing
,
and
a
Tenfold
greater
Advance
as
to
Common
of
Pasture
(
which
to
some
is
worth
nothing
at
all
,
because
of
their
remoteness
,
to
others
but
little
,
because
of
some
great
Oppressor
,
nearely
and
neatly
seated
upon
the
Commons
,
that
drives
others
from
it
)
and
to
none
what
it
may
be
,
as
by
right
,
when
he
may
use
all
his
Parts
,
Purse
,
and
Experiences
of
Husbandry
at
his
own
pleasure
by
improving
it
;
And
it
is
and
never
was
otherwise
seen
,
that
men
would
ever
joyn
together
in
one
body
,
to
use
their
utmost
to
improve
any
of
these
Lands
to
the
best
Advantage
;
for
though
Common
of
Pasture
is
mens
own
Inheritance
,
and
every
man
not
knowing
his
Lot
,
Cavils
against
Improvement
in
Common
.
or
Portion
,
how
rarely
will
they
ever
joyn
or
agree
therein
?
although
they
are
all
perswaded
of
a
probable
great
Advancement
,
yet
one
sayes
,
I
shall
not
have
so
great
an
Advantage
by
it
as
my
neighbour
;
and
another
he
believes
it
will
be
good
for
present
,
but
it
will
not
last
;
and
an
another
sayes
,
he
hath
no
reason
to
bear
so
great
a
proportion
of
Charge
,
though
he
have
as
much
Land
,
yet
he
's
not
capable
of
so
great
an
Improvement
;
and
another
saith
,
I
could
be
well
content
to
help
on
any
publique
work
,
if
others
would
,
but
for
me
to
bestow
cost
and
improve
my
Land
,
or
commons
,
for
others
that
will
bestow
none
to
eat
and
bite
up
my
cost
,
much
discourageth
him
,
and
indeed
there
is
some
Reason
for
his
backwardness
;
and
a
thousand
Excuses
and
Cavils
there
must
be
,
which
though
a
wise
man
may
easily
answer
,
yet
never
convince
their
Judgements
,
for
it
hath
ever
been
so
since
their
dayes
,
and
their
Fore-fathers
were
as
wise
as
they
,
and
they
cannot
be
satisfied
,
let
it
alone
and
wee●l
take
the
present
profit
it
yeelds
,
and
there
is
an
end
of
their
Improvement
.
And
here
I
'll
give
you
a
President
,
which
though
it
might
as
to
the
nature
of
it
,
have
come
in
more
seasonably
in
the
discourse
about
common
Field
Land
,
yet
here
it
is
very
naturall
also
,
both
as
to
the
end
I
bring
it
for
,
and
for
the
discovering
a
Capacity
of
a
vast
Improvement
,
both
upon
it self
,
and
upon
all
other
Lands
of
that
nature
.
There
are
many
hundred
if
not
thousands
of
Acres
of
Lands
near
Dunstable
,
A
President
of
great
store
of
lost
Land
under
puddle
hill
capable
of
Improvement
.
in
a
Valley
under
Puddle
,
or
Chalk-Hills
,
just
under
the
bottome
of
the
Hills
(
an
eminent
place
known
well
to
most
)
which
I
believe
runs
both
wayes
far
,
but
on
both
sides
the
Rode-way
to
Coventry
and
Westchester
the
Land
lyeth
,
with
a
little
Brook
,
or
stream
running
through
it
;
All
which
Lands
if
you
observe
them
above
half
the
year
ly
full
of
water
,
if
not
under
water
,
and
I
believe
it
is
worth
about
five
shillings
an
Acre
,
I
am
sure
abundance
of
it
is
not
worth
three
shillings
,
and
some
not
worth
two
shillings
an
Acre
,
which
if
my
Judgement
fail
not
,
may
easily
be
drained
,
and
laid
so
sound
and
wholsome
,
which
were
but
that
done
as
it
should
be
,
or
but
according
to
the
second
Piece
of
Improvement
,
and
the
directions
given
in
the
seventh
Chapter
,
treating
of
draining
,
I
dare
uphold
one
Acre
would
be
as
good
as
divers
now
are
in
many
parts
of
it
,
but
then
should
you
also
by
the
benefit
of
that
Brook
,
and
all
these
gallant
rich
Land
floods
that
issue
from
the
Hills
on
one
hand
,
and
from
the
Vale
especially
on
the
other
hand
,
take
the
advantage
and
benefit
of
them
also
,
and
according
to
the
first
Piece
Improve
it
by
Floating
,
which
may
very
Feazibly
be
done
according
to
the
direction
of
the
fourth
,
fifth
,
and
sixth
Chapter
,
whereby
it
may
be
Improved
to
its
utmost
.
I
verily
believe
it
would
not
onely
make
good
the
utmost
extent
of
my
Improvement
promised
,
but
will
afford
Hay
sufficient
to
supply
all
those
Barr●n
parts
,
and
that
as
good
again
for
the
nature
of
it
,
if
not
thrice
so
good
as
now
it
is
;
I
Instance
this
place
the
rather
,
because
it
is
so
obvious
to
every
one
,
An
offer
made
once
to
have
made
good
the
same
.
and
so
well
known
to
most
,
and
this
offer
of
Improvement
was
once
tendred
to
them
,
who
could
not
agree
therein
,
but
made
many
of
the
Objections
aforesaid
,
although
it
was
offered
them
to
be
done
at
ano●hers
cost
and
charge
,
and
they
have
run
no
Hazzard
,
but
to
have
come
unto
so
great
an
Improvement
paying
the
cost
and
charges
,
if
the
design
had
taken
after
they
had
seen
it
wrought
unto
their
hands
:
but
there
are
a
thousand
,
and
ten
thousand
Acres
up
and
down
the
Nation
,
some
yeelds
more
,
and
others
less
hopes
of
vast
Advancement
,
and
all
great
enough
if
men
would
put
them
upon
tryall
,
and
great
and
vast
quantities
of
Land
in
many
Forrests
,
Common
Fields
,
and
other
Heaths
,
Wasts
,
Moores
,
and
other
Commons
,
subject
to
the
greatest
Improvements
at
little
charge
,
which
will
never
be
done
till
men
know
their
own
.
And
were
every
mans
part
proportioned
out
to
himself
,
and
layd
severall
,
2
Advantage
of
this
Enclosure
.
it
would
so
quicken
and
incline
his
spirits
,
that
he
would
be
greedy
in
searching
out
all
opportunities
of
Improvement
whatsoever
the
Land
is
capable
of
;
As
by
Lime
and
Marl
,
Muck
,
Soyl
,
Marl
,
Lime
,
Earth
,
Chalk
,
and
Mud
,
&c.
With
many
other
wayes
,
(
all
which
men
will
infinitely
more
pursue
when
they
know
their
own
,
than
while
it
lyes
at
random
;
And
a
Monarch
of
one
Acre
will
advance
more
profit
of
it
,
than
he
that
hath
his
share
in
an
hundred
Acres
in
common
)
which
will
more
naturally
fall
into
the
next
Piece
and
there
shall
be
particularly
handled
,
whereby
great
store
of
Corn
of
all
sorts
(
where
now
not
one
Grain
is
Tilled
)
may
be
gained
,
which
raiseth
Straw
,
Stover
,
and
Fodder
,
abundantly
for
raising
Soyl
,
Dung
,
or
Manure
:
As
old
,
and
the
onely
infallible
,
and
undeniable
meanes
to
advance
any
Land
whatsoever
.
I
shall
digress
a
little
because
all
men
talk
of
Husbandry
,
and
good
Husbandry
too
,
and
especially
of
much
excellent
Husbandry
near
and
about
Londo●
,
where
Soyl
is
so
plentyfull
,
that
half
of
it
is
scarce
used
,
III
husbandry
discovered
along
the
River
Thames
both
wayes
much
barren
Land
near
London
.
though
so
much
needed
,
and
so
unspeakably
advantagious
,
and
yet
so
few
practise
Husbandry
to
purpose
,
though
under
such
great
opportunities
,
but
few
practise
to
purpose
,
else
what
meanes
all
those
Barren
Lands
(
though
not
Common
Lands
)
lying
within
some
two
miles
,
other
three
,
four
,
five
or
six
of
the
great
City
(
where
all
men
are
said
to
be
the
most
gallant
Husbands
of
the
Nation
to
lye
unimproved
,
all
Heath
,
or
Ling
,
or
Broom
,
not
worth
three
,
four
,
or
five
shillings
an
Acre
;
surely
were
there
either
Soyl
to
be
had
at
London
for
Mony
,
as
indeed
there
is
enough
to
be
had
without
;
nay
in
many
parts
men
may
have
Mony
to
carry
it
away
,
else
were
there
a
River
to
Barge
it
up
and
down
,
men
would
Improve
it
to
great
worth
;
Many
hundred
,
if
not
thousand
Acres
in
Fssex
,
Kent
,
and
Surry
are
neglected
;
certainly
Land
is
worth
Money
,
and
Money
enough
,
too
(
if
I
be
not
mistaken
about
London
;
And
then
by
these
meanes
when
the
same
shall
be
laid
down
to
Graze
,
observing
but
the
particular
Directions
aforesaid
,
it
shall
feed
,
and
fat
,
where
before
it
kept
but
store
Cattell
alive
;
much
more
might
herein
be
said
,
but
I
'll
say
no
more
,
for
if
the
Presidenting
these
experiences
will
not
satisfie
and
abash
the
Oppressor
,
I
am
sure
I
shall
shame
my self
by
my
Prolixity
,
and
therefore
I
'll
sope
the
Black-more
no
more
,
untill
he
manifest
his
offence
at
what
I
have
said
,
by
way
of
return
in
the
same
kind
,
but
if
he
delight
more
in
Rime
than
Reason
or
Experiences
,
Take
Mr.
Tusser
speaking
in
his
Husbandry
of
the
great
Advantages
betwixt
Enclosure
and
the
Champion
Countries
,
and
betwixt
Slothfulness
and
Ingenuity
,
and
I
will
give
it
in
his
own
Phrase
,
which
I
conceive
may
please
thee
better
,
and
he
speakes
very
good
Reason
also
by
his
Rimas
.
By
Master
TVSSER
106.
Pag.
Chap.
52.
A
comparison
between
Champion-Countrey
and
Inclosure
.
THe
Country
Inclosed
Ipraise
,
The
other
delighteth
not
me
,
For
nothing
the
Wealth
it
doth
raise
To
such
as
inferiour
be
.
How
both
of
them
partly
I
know
,
Here
somewhat
I
mind
to
show
Their
Swineheard
that
keepeth
the
Hog
,
Their
Neatherd
with
Curr
and
with
Horn
,
Their
Sheepheard
with
Whistle
and
Dog
,
Be
fence
to
the
Meadowes
and
Corn.
Their
Horse
being
ty'd
on
a
Balk
,
Is
ready
with
Thief
for
to
walk
Where
all
things
in
common
doe
rest
.
Corn-field
with
the
Pasture
and
Mead
,
Though
common
ye
do
as
the
rest
,
Yet
what
doth
it
stand
you
in
stead
?
Their
Commons
as
Commoners
use
,
For
otherwise
shalt
thou
not
chuse
,
What
Lair
much
beteter
then
there
?
Or
cheaper
thereon
to
do
well
?
What
Drudgery
more
any
where
?
Lesse
good
therefore
,
where
can
ye
tell
?
What
gotten
by
Summer
is
see
In
Winter
is
eaten
up
clean
,
Example
by
Liecestershire
,
What
Soyl
can
be
better
than
that
,
For
any
thing
heart
can
desire
?
And
yet
they
want
ye
see
what
,
Mast
,
Covert
,
Close
,
Pasture
,
and
Wood
,
And
other
things
needfall
is
good
,
All
those
do
Inclosure
bring
,
Experience
teacheth
no
less
,
I
speak
not
to
boast
of
the
thing
,
But
onely
a
truth
to
expresse
,
Example
(
if
doubt
you
do
make
)
Of
Suffolk
and
Essex
go
take
,
More
plenty
of
Mutton
and
Beef
,
Corn
Butter
and
Cheese
of
the
best
,
More
Wealth
any
where
to
be
briefe
,
More
people
more
handsome
and
prest
Where
find
yee
?
Goe
search
any
Cost
,
Than
there
where
Inclosure
is
most
,
More
work
for
the
labouring-man
,
As
well
in
the
Town
as
the
Field
,
Or
therefore
devise
(
if
you
can
)
More
profit
what
Country
doth
yeeld
.
More
seldom
where
see
yee
the
Poor
Go
begging
from
door
to
door
?
In
Norfolk
behold
the
despair
Of
Tillage
,
too
much
to
be
born
By
Drovers
from
Fair
unto
Fair
,
And
other
destroying
the
Corn
,
By
Custome
,
and
Covetous
Pates
,
By
Gaps
,
and
opening
Gates
.
What
speak
I
of
Commoners
by
With
drawing
all
after
a
Line
,
So
noying
the
Corn
as
it
lye
,
With
Cattell
,
with
Coneys
and
Swine
?
When
thou
hast
bestowed
the
cost
,
Look
half
of
the
same
to
be
lost
,
The
flocks
of
the
Lord
of
the
Soyl
Doe
yearly
the
Winter
Corn
wrong
,
The
same
in
a
manner
do
spoyl
,
With
feeding
so
low
and
so
long
.
And
therefore
that
Champain
Field
Doth
seldom
good
Winter
Corn
yeeld
.
By
Cambridge
a
Town
I
do
know
,
Where
many
good
husbands
do
dwel
,
Whose
losses
by
Lossels
doth
shew
,
More
here
than
is
needfull
to
tell
.
Determine
at
Court
which
they
shall
,
Performed
is
nothing
at
all
,
The
Champain
robbeth
at
night
,
And
proleth
and
filcheth
by
day
,
Himself
and
his
Beasts
out
of
sight
,
Both
spoyleth
and
maketh
away
,
Not
onely
thy
Grass
,
but
thy
Corn
,
Both
after
,
and
ye'er
it
be
shorn
,
Pease
bolt
with
thy
Pease
he
will
have
,
His
houshold
to
feed
and
his
Hog
,
Now
stealeth
he
,
now
will
he
crave
,
And
now
will
he
cozen
and
cog
.
In
Bridewell
a
number
be
stript
,
Less
worthy
than
Thief
to
be
whipt
.
Lord
if
you
do
take
them
what
stirrs
?
How
hold
they
together
like
Burs
?
109.
p.
160.
For
Commons
these
Commoners
cry
,
Inclosing
they
may
not
abide
;
Yet
some
be
not
able
to
buy
A
Cow
with
a
Calf
by
her
side
;
Nor
lay
not
to
live
by
their
work
.
But
Theevishly
loyter
and
lurk
.
The
Lord
of
the
town
is
too
Blame
For
these
and
for
many
faults
moe
,
For
that
he
doth
know
of
the
same
,
Yet
lets
them
unpunished
goe
.
Such
Lords
ill
Example
do
give
.
Where
Varlets
and
Drabs
so
may
live
,
What
foot-paths
are
made
and
how
broad
?
Annoyance
too
much
to
be
born
,
With
Horse
and
with
Cattell
what
road
Is
made
through
every
mans
Corn
?
Where
Champains
ruleth
the
rost
There
daily
disorder
is
most
,
There
Sheep
when
they
drive
to
wash
,
How
careless
their
Sheep
they
do
guide
?
The
Farmer
they
leave
in
the
lash
With
losses
on
every
side
;
Though
any
mans
Corn
they
doe
bite
,
They
will
not
allow
him
a
mite
.
What
Hunting
and
Hawking
is
there
Corn
looking
for
Sickle
at
hand
?
Acts
lawless
to
do
without
fear
,
How
yearly
together
they
band
?
More
harm
to
another
will
do
,
Than
they
would
be
done
so
unto
.
More
profit
is
quieter
found
,
Where
Pastures
in
severall
be
,
Of
one
silly
Acre
of
ground
,
Than
Champion
maketh
of
there
.
Again
,
what
a
joy
is
it
known
,
When
men
may
be
bold
with
their
own
?
The
tone
is
commended
for
grain
,
Yet
bread
made
of
Beanes
they
do
eat
,
The
tother
for
one
loaf
hath
twain
,
Of
Meslin
,
of
Rye
,
and
of
Wheat
.
The
Champion
liveth
full
bare
,
When
Wood-land
full
merry
do
fare
.
Tone
giveth
his
Corn
in
a
Dearth
,
To
Horse
,
Sheep
and
Hogs
e'ry
day
,
The
other
give
Cattell
warm
barth
,
And
feeds
them
with
straw
and
with
Hay
.
Corn
spent
of
the
tone
so
in
vain
,
The
tother
doth
sell
to
his
gain
.
Tone
barefoot
and
ragged
doth
go
,
And
ready
in
Winter
to
starve
,
When
tother
yee
see
doth
not
so
,
But
have
what
is
needfull
to
serve
.
Tone
paine
in
a
Cottage
doth
take
,
When
tother
trim
Bowers
doth
make
.
Tone
layeth
for
Turf
and
for
Sedge
,
And
hath
his
wonderfull
suit
,
When
other
in
every
hedge
Hath
plenty
of
Fuell
and
Fruit.
Evill
twenty
times
worser
than
these
,
Inclosure
quickly
would
ease
.
In
Wood-land
the
Poor
men
that
have
Scarce
fully
two
Acres
of
Land
,
More
merrily
live
and
do
save
▪
Than
tother
with
twenty
in
hand
.
Yet
pay
they
as
much
for
the
two
,
As
tother
for
twenty
must
do
.
The
Labourer
comming
from
thence
,
In
Wood-land
to
work
any
where
,
I
warrant
you
goeth
not
hence
To
work
any
more
again
there
.
If
this
same
be
true
(
as
it
is
)
Why
gather
they
nothing
of
this
?
The
Poor
at
Inclosure
do
grudge
,
Because
of
abuses
that
fall
,
Lest
some
man
should
have
too
much
,
And
some
again
nothing
at
all
;
If
order
might
therein
be
found
,
What
were
to
the
severall
ground
?
Consider
well
many
Solid
demonstrations
of
truth
in
these
particulars
,
he
speakes
very
much
Reason
and
as
much
Truth
,
his
observations
are
very
good
;
nor
is
it
the
single
opinion
of
Mr
Tusser
and
my self
,
but
of
all
that
ever
I
yet
saw
or
read
of
these
sudjects
of
either
good
husbandry
or
the
best
way
of
Improvements
of
Lands
,
but
ever
advised
&
perswaded
to
this
,
as
ever
you
would
study
your
own
,
the
Common-wealth
,
but
especially
the
good
of
your
Posterity
,
indeavour
&
prosecute
such
an
Enclosure
that
is
not
nor
can
appear
to
be
any
particular
soules
hindrance
.
T
is
true
I
have
met
with
one
or
two
small
Pieces
,
as
M.
Spriggs
,
and
another
whose
name
I
remember
not
,
that
write
against
depopulating
Inclosure
,
with
whom
I
freely
joyn
and
approve
,
such
as
former
oppressive
times
by
the
will
and
power
of
some
cruell
Lord
either
through
his
greatness
or
purchased
favour
a
Court
,
or
in
the
Common
Courts
of
England
,
by
his
purse
&
power
could
do
any
thing
,
inclose
,
depopulate
,
destroy
,
ruine
all
Tillage
,
and
convert
all
to
pasture
withont
any
other
Improvement
at
all
,
lay
Levell
many
honest
families
to
the
ground
,
dispeople
a
whole
parish
,
and
send
many
soules
a
gooding
,
a
cursed
horrible
oppression
,
which
for
my
part
I
would
it
were
Fellony
by
the
Law
,
which
I
think
really
is
no
better
,
which
hath
brought
men
to
conceive
,
that
because
men
did
depopulate
by
Enclosure
,
therefore
it
is
now
impossible
to
enclose
without
Depopulation
,
but
against
Enclosure
it self
,
meerly
to
convert
it
from
a
generall
promiscuous
Common
age
,
to
a
division
or
distribution
of
every
ones
share
and
Interest
therin
to
his
own
particular
possession
,
use
,
and
occupation
,
to
manage
husbandry
,
and
Improve
as
he
shall
like
best
,
both
for
manner
,
time
and
charge
,
I
never
yet
did
see
or
read
any
to
avouch
the
same
,
but
should
be
very
willing
to
meet
with
such
an
Antagonist
,
for
whom
I
am
prepared
,
and
will
if
God
please
to
give
opportunity
in
mild
and
loving
way
endeavour
to
convince
him
of
his
rash
mistake
:
but
should
any
man
take
offence
at
Enclosure
as
of
it self
,
as
I
verily
believe
none
doth
,
yet
at
such
a
way
or
Method
of
Enclosure
as
is
here
held
forth
and
discovered
,
that
provides
as
much
for
the
raising
and
increase
of
Corn
and
all
Grain
,
as
for
supply
of
Pasture
and
Meadow
,
and
provides
for
all
Interests
their
proportionable
Advantages
,
I
hope
very
Doggs
themselves
will
not
move
a
Tongue
.
And
as
for
old
writers
,
so
for
new
and
late
ones
they
all
with
one
consent
encourage
to
Enclosure
&
Improvements
,
some
affirming
that
the
great
benefit
of
the
Sheep
their
Wool
that
Staple
Commodity
of
England
doth
Imploy
more
people
by
far
on
every
Acre
than
by
Corning
,
See
Mr.
Hartlip
his
legacy
page
56.
which
may
possibly
be
so
too
,
but
I
am
sure
that
in
a
way
of
Improvement
,
which
I
hold
forth
,
it
must
needs
more
advantage
the
Common-Wealth
than
lying
wast
in
common
and
unimproved
.
And
if
thou
peruse
Mr.
Hartlips
book
printed
two
year
since
,
wherein
he
handles
it
very
demonstratively
well
worth
thy
reading
,
will
confirm
the
same
.
And
if
thou
wilt
peruse
learned
Fuller
in
his
holy
state
,
you
shall
see
the
Excellent
advantages
and
Improvements
may
be
made
to
all
by
an
Enclosure
without
Depopulation
,
in
the
s●●●nd
book
13.
Chapt.
page
91.
●
most
Excellently
handled
and
cleared
.
Studie
therfore
the
management
of
all
thy
estate
to
the
best
publique
Advantage
,
Husbandry
all
thy
Lands
to
the
best
&
greatest
benefit
of
the
Common-Wealth
,
for
in
this
way
of
Improvement
thou
ca●st
not
possibly
intending
the
publique
good
,
but
necessarily
the
greatest
good
must
follow
to
Poor
,
thy self
and
family
.
Order
therfore
thy
common
Arable
Lands
,
as
they
also
may
raise
and
produce
their
most
plenty
to
all
Concernments
,
and
all
Wasts
,
Forrests
,
and
Heathes
,
that
they
may
produce
their
great
advantage
,
which
being
so
old
and
restie
,
will
yeeld
forth
Corn
in
great
abundance
,
and
after
Pasture
to
double
profit
.
Bee
not
peevish
,
nor
let
not
passion
nor
old
customed
corrupted
Will
prevail
against
these
Advantages
,
for
he
that
Improves
not
all
his
Land
to
this
end
,
the
raysing
plentie
,
and
relieving
the
miserable
,
answereth
not
the
ends
wherefore
thy self
and
all
thy
Lands
were
given
,
as
before
I
hinted
,
I
have
no
more
to
say
to
thee
,
but
to
intreat
thee
to
remember
that
passage
of
the
Wise
Man
(
viz
)
The
thoughts
of
the
diligent
bring
abundance
;
And
if
thou
wilt
be
yet
unsatisfied
,
be
so
stil.
The
fourth
Piece
of
Improvement
shews
how
to
Plow
and
Corn
old
Pasture
Land
so
as
not
to
Impoverish
it
,
and
double
the
Improvement
of
it
for
a
Time
,
and
afterward
to
better
it
for
ever
in
a
way
of
grazing
;
and
will
be
as
a
medium
to
allay
the
second
Extreme
;
and
will
discover
that
Corn
shall
ever
be
the
predominant
profitable
staple
Commodity
in
the
Nation
;
and
sheweth
many
particular
wayes
of
Improvement
of
other
sorts
of
Lands
.
CHAP.
XIV
.
THere
is
a
second
Extreme
also
which
men
wedded
to
their self
profit
hugg
in
their
very
bosome
,
which
is
so
much
to
their
hearts
content
,
that
they
never
look
what
may
make
most
profit
to
the
Publique
,
or
good
of
the
Common-wealth
,
themselves
,
or
Posterity
;
He
is
seated
in
way
of
Feeding
and
Grazing
,
with
a
constant
Stock
of
Breeding
,
and
let
his
Land
be
fit
for
one
,
or
fit
for
another
use
,
he
matters
it
not
,
he
hath
received
a
Prejudice
against
Plowing
,
partly
because
of
the
Toyl
and
Charge
thereof
,
and
partly
because
,
as
aforesaid
,
some
men
have
Plowed
their
Land
so
long
as
they
have
impoverished
it
much
,
and
some
men
so
long
as
it
is
possible
it
may
be
many
yeares
before
it
Soard
Compleatly
,
and
therefore
let
it
be
Dry
or
moyst
,
Sound
or
Rotten
,
Rushey
or
Mossey
,
Fenny
,
or
run
over
with
a
Flag
Grass
,
or
Ant-hills
,
Mossure
,
or
wild
Time
,
let
it
keep
more
or
less
;
hee
'l
not
alter
,
tell
him
Sir
it
will
yeeld
abundance
of
gallant
Corn
to
supply
the
whole
Country
,
&
raise
great
Summes
of
Money
to
your
Purse
,
and
afterward
(
if
you
yet
Plow
Moderately
)
it
may
keep
as
many
Cattell
,
nay
more
,
yet
nothing
takes
with
him
,
he
will
have
no
Enclosure
Plowed
by
no
meanes
;
yet
seriously
weigh
these
ensuing
particulars
,
and
then
use
thy
own
will
and
pleasure
.
But
to
make
good
my
promise
herein
,
A
second
sort
of
Coarser
Land
the
only
Land
for
Plowing
.
I
must
first
remise
,
that
my
Design
is
mainly
upon
a
second
sort
of
coarser
Land
,
betwixt
twenty
shillings
an
Acre
,
and
ten
shillings
or
a
noble
,
out
of
all
which
will
come
a
great
Advancement
to
no
prejudice
at
all
,
&
is
a
member
of
one
of
the
fix
Pieces
of
greatest
Advancement
promised
.
Although
the
best
sort
of
Land
of
all
will
yeeld
the
greatest
profit
,
yet
not
without
some
seeming
little
Prejudice
to
it
,
and
also
this
will
best
continue
and
hold
his
beauty
,
and
strength
,
and
Improve
upon
Grazing
rather
than
lose
,
which
the
worser
sort
will
not
.
And
of
this
best
sort
of
Lands
with
the
Improvement
to
be
made
thereon
very
Considerable
,
I
shall
also
speak
under
the
sixt
and
last
Piece
of
all
:
And
shall
now
set
forth
how
the
Plowing
of
all
such
Lands
,
according
to
the
Design
projected
,
which
shall
be
a
supply
or
filling
up
,
and
running
over
of
the
measure
of
plenty
of
Corn
in
case
Inclosure
should
decrease
it
(
which
I
am
confident
upon
the
consideration
of
the
aforesaid
Reasons
thou
canst
not
Imagine
)
and
so
remove
that
Extreme
also
.
In
which
Projection
I
shall
tell
thee
,
that
if
thou
wilt
follow
the
Rules
prescribed
,
thou
shalt
double
the
prizes
of
thy
Lands
for
the
present
time
of
Plowing
,
and
after
lay
it
down
better
for
Grazing
than
thou
tookest
it
to
plow
,
onely
consider
that
of
this
second
sort
,
there
be
three
natures
.
-
First
,
sad
and
moyst
strong
Clay
and
cold
.
-
Second
,
Mixed
with
divers
Earths
.
-
Third
,
Warm
,
Sandy
,
or
Gravelly
.
The
first
natured
Land
advanceth
it self
most
be
Tillage
,
yet
raiseth
Corn
in
abundance
also
,
but
the
two
other
latter
natured
Lands
advanceth
not
so
much
in
it self
,
The
middle
sort
of
Clay
strong
Land
advanceth
it self
by
Tillage
.
as
in
that
wonderfull
increase
of
Corn
it
yeeldeth
to
the
Common-Wealth
;
I
verily
beleeve
that
Lands
of
these
latter
natures
are
as
fruitfull
and
kind
for
Corn
(
especially
if
they
be
resty
)
and
for
four
yeares
may
produce
as
much
increase
to
the
Strike
or
Market
as
that
Land
that
is
as
Rich
again
,
or
twice
as
Rich
,
for
as
to
the
Corning
Land
it
may
possibly
sometime
be
too
good
,
as
alwaies
too
bad
,
I
had
far
rather
make
choice
of
a
middle
sound
warm
Land
,
than
of
the
richest
and
fattest
that
is
,
The
warm
lighter
Land
advanceth
most
in
Corn
to
the
Commonnwealth
.
for
this
will
yeeld
it self
and
heart
more
to
the
Corn
than
the
other
,
and
yet
this
also
may
be
bettered
with
wisdom
used
in
the
Plowing
for
Grazing
also
.
First
therefore
consider
the
nature
of
this
first
sort
of
Land
,
and
the
way
of
Husbandring
it
,
to
inable
it
to
produce
the
promised
Improvement
;
And
so
I
begin
with
that
which
is
of
a
pure
Clay
,
or
of
a
little
mixed
nature
either
with
Sand
or
Gravell
,
and
yet
is
of
a
cold
temper
,
and
so
is
neither
so
wholsome
for
Cattels
lodging
,
nor
so
fruitfull
for
their
Pasturing
;
How
to
bank
Ant-hills
most
speedily
.
Which
sort
of
Land
is
many
times
over-run
with
Ant-hills
,
which
are
best
destroyed
this
way
,
being
opened
,
the
Soard
taken
up
,
and
the
Coar
taken
out
,
and
scattered
before
the
Plough
,
will
make
all
the
Land
Plow
the
better
and
also
lye
better
,
and
the
Mould
wil
help
a
little
all
the
parts
of
the
Land
they
are
spread
upon
.
And
Rushes
and
Moss
in
abundance
,
may
many
times
so
over-run
the
Land
,
which
are
so
thick
and
noysome
,
that
they
not
onely
hinder
the
Earths
naturall
fruitfulness
,
but
the
Rushes
are
so
thick
and
high
in
many
Pastures
,
that
the
Sheep
many
times
make
them
for
their
Refuge
,
to
preserve
themselves
from
the
heat
,
that
oft-times
they
are
sheltered
so
long
by
them
untill
they
be
lost
by
the
Manes
,
The
best
way
to
destroy
Rush
or
coldness
in
any
Pasture
Maggots
,
or
Vermine
;
A
great
prejudice
to
the
Grazier
,
or
Breeder
;
All
which
is
certainly
occasioned
by
the
Moystness
,
and
Coldness
of
the
Lands
,
which
will
no
way
more
certainly
and
Advantagiously
be
removed
but
by
Plowing
these
Lands
,
which
course
although
by
many
men
it
be
thought
an
Impoverishing
of
the
Land
,
yet
I
absolutely
deny
the
same
,
and
affirm
both
from
mine
own
Experience
,
and
the
Practise
of
those
that
have
made
tryall
thereof
,
that
it
shall
most
wonderfully
advance
the
same
for
present
,
and
future
;
Over-Plowing
indeed
weakens
Land
;
Extremes
on
either
hand
are
dangerous
and
destructive
;
Food
and
Bread
sustaineth
Nature
,
but
Gluttony
destroyes
it
;
Wine
nourisheth
the
heart
,
Moderate
Tillage
must
needs
advance
●and
but
Drunkenness
drownes
it
;
And
as
over
Tilling
and
forcing
out
the
heart
is
worst
,
so
I
say
,
not
then
to
Plow
when
the
Land
is
run
to
moss
,
and
to
these
corruptions
,
is
no
less
bad
:
And
being
done
with
wisdom
and
moderation
is
far
more
advantag●
than
not
to
Plow
;
And
this
my self
have
offered
familiarly
for
Lands
of
this
nature
,
worth
and
quality
,
to
give
a
Plowing
or
double
Rent
for
the
same
according
to
his
naturall
worth
for
three
or
four
yeares
,
but
not
above
,
as
hath
been
conceived
the
Land
hath
been
able
to
bear
;
Advance
for
Plowing
,
and
the
old
Rent
the
first
year
after
And
then
after
▪
Plowing
the
very
first
year
to
give
the
old
Rent
,
and
take
a
Lease
for
Ten
,
or
Fifteen
,
or
Twenty
years
at
the
same
rate
,
whereby
let
Ingenuity
Judge
what
Prejudice
this
may
be
possibly
;
For
the
time
of
Plowing
the
Lands
may
yeeld
double
Rent
,
some
more
,
some
Rent
and
half
Rent
,
and
some
one
third
part
more
than
old
Rent
;
All
which
I
conceive
is
a
great
Advantage
,
with
another
secret
Advantage
interwoven
with
it
,
as
an
Adddition
to
the
State
,
which
is
the
raising
of
a
great
quantity
of
Corn
to
the
use
of
the
Common-wealth
,
The
setting
of
many
Poor
on
work
,
The
raising
Straw
,
which
wintering
Cattell
with
,
may
raise
such
abundance
of
good
Manure
,
Dung
,
or
Soyl
,
as
may
Inrich
a
great
part
of
the
same
,
An
offer
made
of
making
good
a
Lease
after
Plowing
of
old
Rent
and
a
great
advance
in
Plowing
.
or
some
other
Lands
;
and
were
there
no
other
advantage
but
helping
the
Common-wealth
herein
,
I
hope
no
honest
publique
spirit
would
oppose
it
,
many
Lands
lying
under
this
Capacity
lye
in
the
South
part
of
Warwickshire
and
Worcestershire
,
Leicester
,
Nottingham
,
Rutland
,
some
part
of
Lincolnshire
,
Northampton
,
Buckingham
,
and
some
part
of
Bedfordshire
,
and
in
most
part
of
the
Vales
in
England
,
and
very
many
parcels
in
most
Counties
of
this
Nation
;
And
this
I
say
again
,
do
but
observe
my
Method
,
and
strictly
trace
my
Instructions
,
&
pursue
them
all
along
,
I
dare
make
it
good
upon
most
Lands
,
except
it
be
upon
that
which
is
a
harsh
binding
churlish
nature
,
which
wil
also
admit
of
a
good
Improvement
,
though
not
so
good
,
especially
when
it
shall
be
over-grown
with
the
aforesaid
Annoyances
.
CHAP.
XV.
Sheweth
the
manner
of
Plowing
,
and
working
Lands
to
so
great
Advance
,
with
two
Incredible
Presidents
of
Advance
.
THere
is
a
parcell
of
Land
in
Warwickshire
,
Stratford
upon
Avon
President
.
near
Stratford
upon
Avon
,
that
is
Oaded
every
fourteen
yeares
,
and
Corned
divers
yeares
after
that
;
and
so
there
may
be
many
more
Parcels
also
besides
this
I
speak
of
,
and
so
I
know
there
is
,
and
after
that
fourteen
yeares
rest
and
Grazing
,
Oaded
again
and
Corned
also
:
So
there
are
some
in
Northamptonshire
,
Buckinghamshire
,
and
many
other
parts
will
do
the
like
;
And
so
runs
round
,
Grazing
fits
for
Plowing
and
Corning
,
and
Corning
fits
for
Grazing
;
A
most
gallant
opportunitie
;
Doubles
the
Grazing-rent
,
while
under
Corning
,
and
more
under
Oading
;
And
Grazeth
again
immediately
at
a
very
considerable
Rent
,
and
might
do
the
first
year
at
old
Rent
,
and
so
forward
,
Would
they
Plow
but
three
or
four
yeares
according
to
my
direction
,
but
they
Plow
five
,
six
,
or
seven
;
Such
a
Method
would
please
me
gallantly
,
advance
the
Common-wealth
exceedingly
,
and
prejudice
whom
,
I
would
fain
know
:
Abundance
of
poor
set
on
work
;
Abundance
of
Corn
raised
;
Abundance
of
Straw
which
spent
and
fed
upon
the
Land
,
shall
make
that
up
again
what
ever
the
Plowing
fetched
out
:
Doubles
Rent
and
more
,
four
or
five
yeares
in
one
and
twenty
:
And
so
every
age
near
fetcheth
in
the
Purchase
;
And
the
Land
where
it
was
,
and
would
be
as
rich
as
it
was
,
if
it
be
not
(
my
directions
observed
)
a
great
Estate
raised
out
of
nothing
:
Why
not
thus
in
a
thousand
other
parts
of
this
Nation
,
as
good
Land
,
and
better
,
and
as
suitable
to
this
Advance
,
and
not
improved
to
it
?
O
Sloth
!
stand
by
,
&
let
Ingenuity
try
a
trick
or
two
more
,
and
wonder
at
thy
own
Ignorance
and
Weakness
,
and
now
see
how
to
work
it
.
Secondly
,
Th●
manner
how
to
Plow
such
L●nds
.
consider
thy
Land
how
it
lieth
,
whether
round
with
Ridge
and
Furrow
,
then
use
your
own
discretion
for
the
manner
of
Plowing
;
for
the
first
year
however
,
Plow
it
as
well
as
you
can
possibly
,
both
clear
from
Balks
and
Slips
,
and
of
such
a
stitch
or
depth
as
the
Land
will
bear
;
however
go
not
under
the
true
and
naturall
Soyl
of
the
Earth
,
neither
plow
it
too
thick
,
for
that
will
be
a
great
prejudice
to
your
second
Plowing
,
because
your
Furrowes
will
rise
most
hard
and
stubborn
,
and
so
moil
both
Teames
,
Work-men
and
Servants
,
as
is
incredible
.
But
if
it
be
Lands
and
great
Balks
together
,
then
for
the
Lands
Plow
them
as
you
please
,
that
is
,
whether
Ridge-Are
,
or
Cast
them
,
but
for
your
Balks
before
you
,
Ridge
them
all
.
And
although
it
will
ask
paines
,
cost
and
hot
water
,
yet
fail
not
herein
:
Mow
the
Rushes
.
And
though
the
Rushes
be
thick
and
strong
,
yet
be
not
discouraged
;
Mow
the
Rushes
in
the
beginning
of
Winter
as
low
as
you
can
possibly
,
and
then
you
may
with
paines
and
patience
,
a
good
Teame
,
and
good
Ploughs
with
sharp
Irons
,
all
made
true
,
sharp
,
and
smooth
,
do
it
with
incredible
dexterity
;
Especiall
directions
for
plowing
.
fail
none
of
these
directions
,
you
can
not
conceive
the
wonderfull
advantage
in
this
exactness
;
And
were
it
so
the
Land
were
such
as
there
must
be
required
as
much
cost
and
paines
with
the
Spade
,
as
with
the
Plough
,
I
would
bestow
it
,
and
never
question
how
it
shall
answer
the
same
:
For
,
say
the
cost
be
extraordinary
,
and
say
one
Acre
cost
thee
as
much
overcomming
it
,
and
laying
it
round
,
sound
,
and
fair
,
as
usually
thou
or
others
bestow
on
two
or
three
Acres
;
Yet
what
is
that
to
the
fruit
or
profit
it
may
produce
?
I
dare
say
one
Acre
of
Corn
thus
throughly
husbanded
may
be
worth
two
Acres
,
nay
three
slubbered
over
and
done
many
times
as
most
men
commonly
do
therein
;
And
what
is
it
to
lay
out
a
five
shillings
or
a
noble
extraordinary
in
every
Acre
in
the
Husbandry
,
and
reap
it
by
the
Pounds
in
the
Crop
,
as
I
dare
say
you
shall
in
the
two
first
Crops
,
Experiment
of
Plowing
the
second
sort
of
Land
and
the
fruits
of
it
.
which
are
the
onely
Crops
requiring
such
paines
and
exactness
.
I
could
tell
thee
an
Experiment
if
thou
durst
beleeve
it
,
't
is
this
;
I
once
held
a
Piece
of
Land
worth
nine
shillings
an
Acre
,
and
no
more
to
a
Graze
;
I
gave
fifteen
shillings
to
Plow
,
it
was
great
Lands
,
as
great
Balkes
betwixt
them
,
full
of
your
soft
Rushes
,
and
as
high
some
of
them
as
any
ordinary
Beast
,
and
lay
very
wet
;
The
Land
conceived
by
me
not
able
to
bear
Barley
,
nor
never
would
,
it
was
so
weak
and
Barren
,
so
cold
and
Queasie
:
And
the
neighbours
very
able
Husbandmen
round
about
so
discouraged
me
(
out
of
their
love
unto
me
)
as
that
they
de●ired
me
to
forbear
Tillage
of
it
,
because
it
would
never
answer
ordinary
cost
bestowed
on
it
,
nor
be
worth
an
old
Grazing-rent
to
Plow
,
and
that
they
cleared
to
me
by
very
clear
Evidence
as
they
conceived
,
affirming
that
the
Land
next
unto
it
,
but
a
hedge
betwixt
,
which
was
far
better
Land
,
(
and
indeed
so
it
was
very
near
as
rich
again
)
husbanded
by
very
able
husband●
,
the
best
in
that
Country
,
and
that
Land
good
Barley-L●nd
,
yet
never
answered
the
pains
and
cost
bestowed
;
yet
I
resolving
to
make
a
full
triall
thereof
,
I
set
upon
it
according
to
the
prescription
aforesaid
,
Each
Acre
Plowing
and
Harrowing
,
Spading
and
Dressing
(
for
indeed
I
made
Harrowes
on
purpose
also
)
of
divers
Sizes
,
it
cost
me
about
fifteen
or
sixteen
shillings
an
Acre
the
two
first
Crops
the
very
Dressing
of
it
;
A
President
of
the
fruit
that
came
of
poor
Lands
worth
but
nine
shillings
an
Acre
.
And
for
these
Crops
,
being
but
of
Oates
,
I
could
have
had
five
pound
an
Acre
,
being
offered
it
by
an
Oat-meal
man
of
himself
,
though
never
asked
,
growing
upon
the
ground
;
Nay
six
pound
an
Acre
,
if
I
would
have
sold
it
,
which
is
a
vast
Rate
for
Oates
in
the
middle
of
the
Nation
;
And
indeed
I
found
the
ground
so
poor
,
that
it
would
not
bear
Barley
,
for
I
tryed
some
Acres
of
the
best
Land
in
it
,
but
it
was
not
worth
an
Acre
of
my
Oates
,
and
after
Plowing
I
gave
the
old
naturall
Rent
as
it
was
ever
set
at
or
really
worth
,
and
that
for
many
years
,
and
the
Land
is
better
,
lyeth
sounder
,
warmer
,
and
both
yeelds
more
Milk
,
Summers
as
many
Cattell
,
and
Winters
far
more
,
and
feeds
better
than
it
did
before
,
without
any
other
cost
bestowed
,
and
the
very
first
year
I
layd
it
down
after
Plowing
,
it
kept
me
more
Cattell
and
better
than
ever
it
did
before
;
and
will
continue
better
for
it
for
ever
after
.
CHAP.
XVI
.
Sheweth
the
best
,
and
most
advantagious
way
of
Plowing
and
Husbandring
Lands
,
so
as
most
to
Advantage
it
,
in
laying
down
Land
to
Graze
,
to
make
good
the
Improvement
promised
,
and
not
to
over-plow
,
as
you
tender
the
loss
of
your
Land
.
TO
this
end
be
sure
to
lay
your
Furrowes
open
,
To
lay
open
Furrows
clear
is
very
good
.
and
clean
scoured
up
,
and
capable
to
receive
and
carry
away
all
your
standing
water
,
or
soaking
moysture
from
your
Lands
,
and
be
sure
▪
so
to
Plow
your
Lands
as
you
may
cast
your
Lands
into
severall
Furlongs
,
that
you
may
have
one
Furrow
or
Drain
run
into
another
,
and
that
next
into
another
,
and
so
into
the
Master
Trench
,
which
if
it
cannot
be
made
deep
enough
with
the
Plow
,
let
it
be
done
with
the
Spade
substantially
;
And
so
from
one
to
another
,
to
carry
away
the
Water
,
that
it
may
neither
annoy
your
Corn
throughout
your
Field
in
any
Furlong
,
nor
your
Land
when
you
come
to
lay
it
down
,
and
then
when
you
have
Plowed
your
Lands
,
wherein
the
more
truth
and
exactness
you
observe
therein
,
the
more
fruit
expect
.
And
when
you
come
to
sowing
your
Lands
,
you
must
get
very
strong
weighty
Harrowes
(
if
you
would
do
it
indeed
,
and
not
slubber
it
over
as
most
do
)
long
tined
and
sharp
,
and
either
they
must
be
so
weighty
of
themselves
,
that
they
may
work
a
gallant
strong
Team
to
draw
them
,
or
else
so
loaden
with
weight
,
that
you
tear
up
rough
uneven
places
,
and
raise
good
store
of
Mould
,
What
Hardness
and
Harrowing
is
most
advantagious
.
which
is
a
marveilous
great
Advantage
to
the
Corn
;
(
as
for
the
ordinary
way
of
Hilding
Land
as
most
do
,
is
Reproveable
)
and
then
with
two
or
three
sorts
of
Harrowes
,
each
Harrow
having
his
Teeth
,
or
tines
,
thicker
than
other
,
which
will
so
curiously
and
certainly
cover
your
Corn
that
you
will
have
little
or
none
●ye
uncovered
,
but
well
moulded
,
which
will
have
such
strength
,
&
heart
unto
it
,
as
by
Gods
blessing
you
may
expect
a
Crop
answerable
to
your
cost
bestowed
,
and
far
greater
.
The
next
direction
is
,
that
as
I
cry
up
plowing
as
a
soveraign
meanes
of
a
great
Advancement
,
Over●plow
cryed
down
and
reproved
.
so
I
also
as
much
decry
Over-Plowing
,
or
the
Plowing
of
Lands
as
most
do
;
some
Plow
as
long
as
it
will
bear
any
corn
,
and
others
as
long
as
it
will
bear
good
Corn
;
And
others
they
Plow
on
any
fashion
,
lay
their
Lands
,
as
though
they
were
over-running
them
,
both
to
Corn
and
Graze
,
and
when
they
lay
it
down
,
some
lay
down
sound
warm
dry
Land
very
high
,
ridge
and
furrow
,
and
small
Land
too
,
very
prejudiciall
to
their
Land
and
themselves
too
,
and
are
justly
reproveable
;
others
lay
down
strong
cold
Land
flat
,
unopen'd
,
some
part
Plowed
,
some
unplowed
,
full
of
balkes
,
holes
and
hils
;
as
if
they
would
secure
or
ingross
all
the
coldness
and
Venom
of
all
the
water
and
hunger
that
is
either
naturally
upon
it
,
Reasons
why
but
three
or
four
yeares
are
prescribed
for
Plowing
old
Pasture
▪
Land
neither
more
nor
less
.
or
that
falls
upon
it
,
or
passeth
by
it
;
they
matter
not
after
what
manner
they
leave
it
,
nor
after
what
Grain
;
I
therefore
prescribe
onely
three
or
four
yeares
to
Plow
unto
this
sort
of
Land
,
and
to
raise
it
every
year
,
not
less
,
because
the
Rush
,
Filth
,
and
Earth
will
not
be
rotted
,
nor
well
compounded
,
nor
the
nature
of
the
Land
changed
with
fewer
Tilths
,
nor
the
Lands
well
brought
to
a
good
height
,
roundness
,
and
driness
in
lesser
time
;
for
if
it
be
cold
Laud
,
all
that
can
possibly
be
done
will
not
lay
it
high
and
dry
enough
,
nor
the
Mould
wrought
to
her
perfect
tenderness
and
true
Mixture
,
whereby
it
may
yeeld
more
fruitfulness
;
but
if
the
Land
be
very
rich
of
nature
,
and
not
well
wrought
,
nor
the
Rush
perfectly
destroyed
,
nor
the
Lands
brought
up
to
a
convenient
height
and
roundness
,
then
one
year
more
may
do
well
,
which
year
shall
yeeld
the
best
crop
outof
all
question
,
but
will
draw
a
little
more
from
the
strength
of
the
Land
,
Last
Crop
may
yeeld
most
Corn
,
but
worst
for
the
Land
.
than
any
of
the
other
yeares
did
;
and
if
the
Land
be
in
strength
,
it
may
very
little
prejudice
it
,
and
therefore
this
I
leave
to
every
mans
pleasure
,
upon
this
consideration
,
and
could
wish
that
all
men
would
so
Plow
,
as
mainly
intending
the
Advance
and
Betterment
of
their
Land
,
especially
Pasture
Land
,
and
no
otherwise
;
For
you
were
as
good
lose
some
of
your
inheritance
(
as
you
do
)
in
my
opinion
,
Or
as
good
lose
the
Land
which
is
but
the
Carcas
,
as
the
strength
and
vertue
which
is
the
Heart
and
Life
of
it
,
for
therein
is
the
Common
Advantage
,
when
the
Earth
yeelds
most
increase
,
or
fruit
,
and
a
little
parcell
yeelds
abundance
of
fruit
.
Fifthly
and
lastly
,
I
advise
to
lay
down
all
Lands
of
this
nature
upon
Wheat
,
To
lay
down
Land
upon
the
Wheat
,
or
Rie
Stubble
is
best
,
and
the
reasons
of
it
.
Mes●en
,
or
Rye
Stubble
,
which
will
exceedingly
thicken
and
improve
the
Soarding
,
and
if
my
Principles
fail
not
,
will
raise
as
good
a
Soard
in
the
first
year
,
as
after
any
Summer
Corn
whatsoever
will
in
two
,
and
must
do
well
for
these
Reasons
.
First
,
because
it
hath
one
half
year
more
to
Soard
in
,
then
after
the
Lenton
Tylth
,
and
so
is
somewhat
Soarded
before
Oates
,
Barley
or
Pease
are
sown
.
Secondly
because
winter
Corn
groweth
thin
,
long
,
and
a
stronger
Straw
,
and
gives
more
liberty
to
the
grass
to
grow
,
and
spread
the
thicker
,
and
the
Soard
will
also
be
very
rich
and
fruitfull
;
I
likewise
advise
to
sow
this
Land
,
as
early
●as
possibly
you
can
,
even
as
soon
as
your
other
Crop
is
ended
,
the
sooner
the
better
,
unless
the
Condition
of
the
Country
very
much
oppose
it
,
how
ever
the
Earlier
it
is
sowed
,
the
better
is
the
Crop
like
to
prove
in
my
opinion
;
because
these
Graines
of
Wheat
or
Rie
,
The
way
of
Sowing
Land
to
be
left
after
to
Grass
&c.
require
the
land
to
be
in
better
Tillage
than
this
can
be
:
Therefore
help
it
what
you
can
possibly
,
by
seasonable
and
early
sowing
,
that
it
may
have
as
much
Summer
as
may
be
,
and
by
all
means
Harrow
in
your
Corn
after
it
is
Plowed
;
For
this
is
more
certain
to
produce
a
good
Crop
,
And
secondly
leaves
the
Ground
even
smooth
to
Graze
;
yet
forget
not
that
your
Land
be
left
High
,
and
Round
,
the
Colder
in
nature
the
Highe●
and
Rounder
as
aforesaid
,
&
each
Furrow
be
Scoured
up
as
cleanly
as
you
can
possibly
;
These
simple
particulars
really
Observed
,
and
Practised
,
will
bring
the
Land
to
that
condition
that
I
shall
make
good
what
I
formerly
promised
,
and
to
this
particular
I
shall
say
no
more
for
present
,
onely
this
may
be
applied
to
any
of
this
second
sort
of
Land
,
be
it
of
what
Mixture
,
or
Composition
soever
,
that
is
Banky
,
Mossy
,
Cold
and
Rushy
,
and
will
have
a
proportionable
effect
promised
;
But
if
possibly
you
could
run
over
a
good
part
of
this
Land
with
Dung
after
you
have
plowed
it
,
Dung
laid
upon
the
new
fresh
Turf
,
works
wonders
.
before
you
sow
your
last
Crop
,
or
so
much
as
you
could
,
it
would
produce
a
double
advantage
of
the
cost
bestowed
towards
the
Soarding
of
it
.
And
if
after
you
have
Reaped
your
last
Crop
,
you
could
then
run
it
over
again
,
with
any
quantity
of
Muck
,
or
Compast
,
it
might
so
nourish
your
Land
,
and
that
for
many
years
after
,
possibly
it
might
be
near
as
good
again
upon
the
old
Soarding
,
as
it
was
before
;
for
you
would
wonder
how
much
good
one
Load
of
Manure
doth
upon
the
Land
so
Tender
,
When
one
Load
of
Manure
will
go
as
far
as
two
or
three
.
wrought
,
and
Mixed
,
beyond
what
two
or
three
Load
will
do
on
old
Soard
,
or
old
Pasture
so
Rough
and
Filthy
;
nothing
will
make
you
to
beleeve
this
,
but
your
own
experience
.
Let
me
prevail
herein
(
good
Reader
)
to
make
a
tryall
,
it
will
be
to
thy
benefit
,
be
not
an
Enemy
to
Tillage
,
nor
raising
Corn
to
Poor
,
and
Common-wealth
,
and
If
thou
expect
better
Satisfaction
,
take
it
from
divine
evidence
and
from
the
Conclusion
of
him
that
spake
by
Inspiration
,
as
well
as
from
natural
Experience
.
He
that
tilleth
his
Land
,
Prov.
12.
11.
shall
be
satisfied
with
Bread
,
Prov.
28.
10.
and
shall
have
plenty
.
Much
food
in
Tillage
for
the
Poor
.
And
if
this
satisfie
not
,
Prov.
13.
23.
carry
this
one
Text
(
if
thou
canst
remember
no
more
)
along
with
thee
into
thy
Pastures
,
when
thon
art
in
thy
greatest
Glory
;
He
that
withdraweth
Corn
,
the
people
shall
curse
him
,
Prov.
11.
16.
and
a
blessing
upon
his
bead
that
selleth
it
.
Prov.
13.
23.
But
he
must
get
it
first
,
and
so
we
ought
upon
that
Land
as
will
most
freely
yeeld
it
,
which
I
conceive
is
a
main
end
wherefore
Thou
and
Thy
Land
was
first
created
.
Be
not
envious
to
thine
own
good
,
nor
wilfull
to
thine
own
profit
.
I
am
much
abashed
to
use
so
many
words
,
to
press
so
plain
Simple
Principles
,
thought●
to
be
well
known
to
all
(
and
possibly
they
may
be
,
better
than
to
my self
)
but
truly
the
little
Practise
of
them
,
and
the
Scorn
men
carry
in
their
Breasts
to
learn
,
and
that
Thirstiness
in
me
after
the
Common
good
,
occasions
all
this
Rudeness
,
to
see
thousands
of
Opportunities
so
neglected
makes
me
amaze
.
CHAP.
XVI
.
ANd
first
for
your
richest
sorts
of
Land
conceived
as
good
as
Art
and
Nature
can
make
them
,
Richst
●or
●
of
Land
.
yet
consider
the
insuing
Discourse
,
may
hold
out
some
Improvement
to
be
made
out
of
the
same
.
As
for
your
best
Land
of
all
,
That
by
Husbandry
,
Drayning
,
Separating
,
cleering
,
Plowing
,
Soyling
or
some
sort
of
husbandry
or
other
was
brought
to
this
perfection
,
it
was
not
in
this
condition
naturally
nor
originally
from
the
beginning
,
much
whereof
may
be
now
clear
from
Rushes
,
Mossiness
,
Sow
Thistle
,
Nettles
,
Weeds
,
and
Hemlocks
and
all
other
pelf
,
and
onely
bring
forth
pure
Grass
,
both
thick
and
rich
;
this
possibly
may
admit
of
little
Improvement
upon
it self
,
but
unto
the
Owner
and
Common-wealth
this
may
yeeld
above
double
profit
for
some
yeares
by
moderate
Plowing
,
and
afterward
return
so
soon
to
his
naturall
fruitfulness
,
as
that
it
shall
yeeld
his
old
Grazing
Rent
the
first
year
,
and
so
continue
;
But
this
Land
being
of
all
other
the
most
subject
to
Abuse
,
and
greater
prejudice
than
any
other
Land
whatsoever
;
And
I
am
confident
unless
the
Presidented
directions
contained
in
the
fourteenth
and
fifteenth
Chapter
,
be
most
punctually
observed
,
it
may
suffer
loss
,
therefore
I
must
provoke
no
man
to
take
the
pursuance
of
them
here
,
unless
any
who
is
of
such
a
publique
spirit
,
as
rather
desires
the
Publique
than
his
own
private
Advancement
;
And
for
some
other
men
when
they
find
so
great
profit
come
in
upon
them
by
this
or
any
other
means
,
they
out
of
a
thirsty
desire
of
gain
will
Over-do
,
Over-plow
,
and
so
destroy
their
Land
for
it
is
not
Plowing
simply
as
aforesaid
;
that
impoverisheth
Land
,
but
too
oft
Plowing
,
and
look
you
where
you
will
generally
throughout
this
Nation
,
and
you
will
find
where
any
good
Pasture
is
destroyed
hereby
,
Destruction
of
the
best
Land
is
by
over-plowing
.
they
have
Plowed
Six
,
Seven
,
and
some
Nine
,
Ten
,
and
some
Twelve
Crops
together
,
which
I
approve
so
well
,
as
I
say
it
is
a
Losing
Extreme
;
And
I
wish
it
were
Felony
so
to
abuse
a
mans
Self
;
Lands
,
Posterity
,
and
Common-Wealth
;
Also
which
Lands
may
be
so
many
yeares
before
they
come
to
a
perfect
Soard
again
,
as
may
lose
as
much
in
abatement
of
Rent
before
it
come
up
to
the
old
Rent
,
as
they
got
in
the
advance
Rent
by
Plowing
.
And
yet
if
I
affirm
,
that
Mowing
Land
without
Limitaion
,
is
as
impoverishing
unto
it
,
as
Plowing
Land
with
Moderation
,
Mowing
Land
a
great
Impoverishing
.
especially
Upland
Pasture
,
I
should
not
much
mistake
;
I
am
a
greater
E●emy
to
the
one
without
Limit
than
to
the
other
with
Moderaion
,
and
yet
tthe
one
is
cryed
down
by
all
,
and
the
other
by
few
or
none
;
Therefore
my
advise
shall
be
,
to
Plow
thy
Land
three
,
four
,
or
five
Crops
,
if
thy
affections
stand
that
way
,
and
lookest
at
greatest
profit
,
Moderate
Plowing
better
than
unlimited
Mowing
.
Sowing
it
first
with
Hemp
,
Oad
,
Coal
,
or
Rape-seed
,
Madder
;
Licorish
,
or
Sow
such
rich
Commodity
that
will
so
well
pay
for
it
,
or
something
else
that
better
agrees
with
the
rankness
of
so
gallant
Land
,
which
for
divers
of
the
first
years
will
be
so
rank
,
that
Corn
will
fall
Flat
,
and
Dwindle
,
or
Rot
,
and
neither
be
kindly
in
quality
,
nor
rise
to
the
strike
in
quantity
,
as
it
will
upon
those
Lands
after
divers
Crops
taken
,
or
upon
leaner
Land
,
and
then
after
with
Corn
the
last
yeares
;
And
if
thou
wilt
but
lay
it
down
round
,
&
even
,
upon
the
Wheat
,
Rye
,
or
Meslin
Stubble
Sowed
in
his
proper
Season
,
observing
some
other
few
Directions
,
handled
more
at
large
in
the
aforesayd
Chapters
,
thou
shalt
not
need
to
fear
thy
Lands
Impoverishing
or
abating
Rent
;
It
will
produce
so
gallant
and
sweet
a
Turf
,
as
will
feed
as
well
,
and
faster
than
it
did
before
,
if
not
better
:
For
my
own
part
,
I
do
affirm
,
That
had
I
the
managing
it
whilst
under
Tillage
,
I
would
make
good
the
same
upon
good
Security
;
But
as
I
said
before
,
use
your
own
liberty
,
he
that
Plows
not
such
Land
at
all
that
yeelds
its
utmost
strength
and
fruit
in
Grazing
,
which
admits
of
no
Corruption
or
Degeneration
,
doth
wel
:
Because
the
Nation
will
afford
other
Land
enough
,
Plowing
left
indifferent
upon
the
Richest
Lands
.
that
stands
in
more
need
of
this
Husbandry
to
supply
the
Country
Corn
;
And
also
because
many
men
hold
it
a
great
Disparagement
to
Plow
up
such
gallant
Pasture
;
from
whom
I
do
very
little
or
nothing
dissent
in
Judgement
,
yet
he
that
(
if
by
Plowing
)
can
Advance
the
Publique
and
himself
also
,
I
dare
not
say
but
he
doth
better
,
yet
neither
much
amiss
;
Every
man
herein
may
please
his
own
affection
,
where
the
Common-wealth
is
not
eminently
prejudiced
.
But
for
other
wayes
of
Improvement
of
the
Richest
sort
of
Land
,
I
know
little
more
worth
Divulging
,
for
either
the
Cost
and
Charge
expended
will
not
produce
an
answerable
present
Advantage
,
or
else
the
continuance
and
certainty
of
future
hopes
may
prove
doubtfull
;
Which
uncertainties
I
affect
not
,
onely
take
this
remembrance
with
thee
,
that
if
thy
Pasture
be
very
Vast
and
Large
,
Divisions
of
Land
advanceth
.
Lesser
Divisions
will
set
the
dearer
and
better
,
and
every
mans
money
for
Conveniency
,
when
greater
are
bargains
for
few
men
,
and
those
for
great
ones
also
that
will
make
their
own
Advantage
,
yet
use
moderation
herein
also
,
A
large
Pasture
is
comely
,
and
a
little
Pingle
Inconvenient
,
Extremes
are
neither
for
Credit
nor
Profit
,
but
for
Destruction
;
Small
Divisions
reproved
.
A
Pasture
about
one
hundred
or
sixscore
Acres
,
or
a
hundred
and
fifty
Acres
is
very
commendable
where
they
lye
remote
and
at
good
distance
from
great
Market-Towns
,
or
where
Pasturing
is
very
plentifull
,
but
if
either
Pasture-Land
be
scarce
,
or
border
upon
Common
Fields
,
or
Heaths
,
or
Forrests
,
or
if
they
lye
near
or
adjoynining
to
any
good
Market
,
or
great
City
,
lesser
divisions
wil
farre
out-vy
with
greater
in
their
price
&
advantage
,
the
people
lying
under
such
necessities
of
Pasturage
,
some
to
help
to
relieve
their
Common
,
and
others
to
relieve
the
necessities
of
their
own
neighbouring
Families
;
But
in
thy
Divisions
be
sure
to
make
them
alwaies
in
the
lowest
parts
of
thy
Lands
,
that
so
thy
Ditches
may
serve
in
stead
of
Draines
or
Conveyances
of
Water
,
or
taking
away
the
Coldness
that
offends
thy
Land
;
every
mans
own
Experience
will
patronize
this
Position
.
But
secondly
,
when
any
of
these
Rich
Lands
shall
Degenerate
into
Mossiness
,
Rushes
,
Coldness
,
or
Over-grow
with
Weeds
,
Nettles
,
Hemlocks
,
Sow-Thistles
,
&c
,
then
thy
Land
wil
need
good
Husbandry
,
and
wil
admit
of
Improvement
,
for
Hemlocks
,
Nettles
,
Docks
,
Chick-weeds
,
and
other
common
Weeds
,
these
are
as
much
occasioned
with
Fatness
and
too
much
Richness
,
as
from
any
other
cause
;
And
when
from
this
cause
,
no
cure
like
Plowing
,
for
that
brings
profit
with
the
Cure
,
Plowing
the
onely
Cure
of
Weeds
.
and
advance
in
the
very
Reducement
;
there
is
much
Land
of
this
Fatness
;
Some
there
is
in
divess
parts
of
this
Nation
,
as
about
Hay-Stacks
,
or
Sheep-Pens
,
or
places
of
Shade
,
or
in
the
Warmest
parts
of
many
Pastures
,
which
Sheep
and
Cattell
chuse
alway
for
their
Lieare
,
and
very
much
about
the
heads
of
Conney-Berries
;
All
which
according
to
former
Direction
(
in
Plowing
old
Resty
Land
)
will
Reduce
this
to
Moderation
in
over
much
Rankness
;
And
especially
if
it
be
Plowed
somewhat
oftner
than
the
other
sorts
of
Lands
,
it
will
bear
near
as
many
more
Crops
without
prejudice
,
and
no
other
means
whatsover
will
so
Surely
,
Feacibly
,
and
Profitably
,
work
this
Effect
in
my
Experience
,
viz.
To
destroy
the
Weeds
,
and
reduce
it
to
perfect
Grazing
.
And
as
your
Land
degenerates
to
Mossiness
,
Plowing
the
only
Cure
against
Mossiness
,
Rush
&
Coldness
.
Rushes
,
and
Coldness
,
none
will
deny
the
wonderfull
certain
change
and
alteration
thereof
by
Plowing
,
if
they
should
,
I
conceive
I
have
sufficiently
cleared
it
where
I
have
discoursed
of
the
second
sort
of
Land
at
large
in
the
thirteenth
,
fourteenth
,
and
fifteenth
Chapters
,
and
answered
severall
Objections
made
against
the
same
;
yet
one
or
two
more
remains
to
be
Objected
;
Bear
with
me
,
I
say
the
more
herein
,
as
Coveting
to
beguile
men
of
such
Prejudice
as
possesseth
most
,
and
so
deeply
rooted
,
as
will
ask
hot
water
to
Mattock
up
.
Some
say
they
have
fou●d
the
contrary
,
Object
▪
their
Land
not
Soarding
of
many
years
after
,
and
when
it
hath
come
to
Soard
,
Against
timely
Soarding
.
it
hath
been
neither
so
Rich
,
Thick
,
nor
Fruitfull
,
&
therefore
Prejudiced
by
Plowing
.
All
which
I
Eccho
with
thee
that
possibly
it
may
be
so
,
Ans.
2.
and
yet
this
may
not
reach
too
,
nor
in
the
least
weaken
my
Propositions
,
which
give
direction
onely
to
three
or
four
Crops
at
most
,
unless
in
case
of
Weeds
and
Nettles
,
and
too
much
Fatness
,
I
never
advise
to
Plow
thy
Land
so
long
to
bring
it
to
this
,
I
abominate
such
Husbandry
,
neither
do
I
absolutely
perswade
to
the
Plowing
of
all
Lands
without
Exception
,
well
knowing
that
in
some
parts
of
this
Nation
,
there
are
some
Lands
,
so
Binding
,
so
Tough
a
Sodering
Clay
,
&
Cold
,
that
it
will
neither
Soard
so
thick
nor
quick
as
others
will
,
Plowing
some
Land
must
be
used
as
a
Medicine
●o●
as
a
Calling
.
which
sort
of
Land
if
Rich
,
and
Sweet
,
will
less
Advance
by
Plowing
,
than
any
other
,
but
to
this
sort
of
Land
as
it
doth
degenerate
and
decay
,
use
it
as
a
Medicine
,
and
use
it
as
according
to
former
Rules
,
and
lay
down
thy
Land
according
to
former
Limitations
,
&
question
not
though
it
Soard
not
so
soon
as
other
Lands
,
Mixed
Light
,
&
more
Loosened
,
yet
it
shal
both
Soard
so
Timely
,
&
so
Richly
,
as
it
shall
counter-profit
all
thy
prejudice
.
And
for
other
Lands
either
Gravelly
,
Light
,
Warm
,
and
Sandy
,
or
else
Mixed
,
What
Land
it
is
that
may
Soard
as
well
the
first
year
to
as
much
profit
as
before
.
and
Compounded
,
I
dare
affirm
some
Land
the
first
year
may
be
full
as
good
as
it
was
before
Plowing
;
I
have
known
a
Winter
Stubble
after
the
Crop
was
Inned
of
some
Pastures
,
worth
as
much
that
Winter
half
year
as
it
usually
was
worth
any
Winter
upon
the
old
Soard
,
&
yet
hath
not
bin
Pastured
the
whole
half
year
neither
,
A
President
of
Wheat
stubble
its
speed
▪
so
Soarding
.
nay
some
have
been
worth
as
much
as
the
said
Lands
have
bin
worth
almost
the
whole
year
.
The
Eadish
hath
bin
so
fruitfull
,
and
my self
have
had
the
like
Profits
and
Advantages
,
and
have
had
a
Wheat
Stubble
of
my
own
being
the
third
Crop
,
that
will
make
good
what
I
have
Affirmed
,
and
the
very
first
year
of
Grazing
full
as
good
,
if
not
better
,
than
it
was
upon
the
old
Turf
before
Plowing
.
They
that
cannot
manage
this
Objection
further
,
Object
.
yet
confess
and
say
,
't
is
true
for
two
or
three
of
the
first
years
it
may
possibly
hold
fruitfull
,
but
it
shall
fall
after
seven
,
eight
,
or
ten
,
or
more
years
,
after
that
it
shall
be
worse
than
ever
.
To
this
I
can
say
little
more
than
what
I
have
said
before
,
unless
you
can
produce
me
some
Experiment
,
Ans.
wherein
my
directions
have
been
observed
,
and
your
Prejudice
succeeded
,
otherwise
you
say
nothing
;
which
Experiment
when
you
have
found
,
I
shall
not
question
but
to
discover
your
mistake
,
either
you
are
mistaken
in
the
nature
of
the
Land
,
or
else
in
the
manner
or
way
of
Husbandry
and
Plowing
,
or
else
in
the
Method
I
propose
in
the
laying
of
it
down
to
Graze
,
or
else
the
Stubble
you
lay
it
down
upon
,
in
all
which
if
you
pursue
me
not
,
expect
it
not
,
all
being
faciable
,
and
any
man
may
more
certainly
,
and
as
I
conceive
more
delightfully
,
work
by
Rule
than
Random
.
I
say
then
in
the
ordinary
course
of
nature
,
Gods
blessing
accompanying
it
,
it
shall
increase
and
improve
for
many
yeares
,
and
continue
untill
some
of
the
former
and
aforesaid
Corruptions
predominate
again
;
Of
which
my self
have
had
large
Experiences
,
and
can
produce
many
Presidents
,
and
do
but
you
look
into
and
upon
much
of
your
new
laid-down-Land
to
Graze
,
which
being
continually
Grazed
doth
put
more
proof
into
all
sorts
of
Goods
,
breed
better
,
feed
faster
,
milketh
fruitfuller
,
than
old
Pasture
that
is
Richer
,
for
ten
,
fifteen
,
or
twenty
yeares
together
.
I
have
bought
the
purest
Mutton
out
of
Land
the
third
,
A
president
of
fattest
Mutton
on
the
newest
〈◊〉
.
the
fourth
,
or
fifth
year
after
Plowing
,
being
about
eighteen
or
twenty
shillings
per
Acre
,
than
any
Land
in
those
parts
of
near
thirty
shillings
an
Acre
hath
afforded
,
and
in
reason
it
must
needs
be
so
,
because
what
Grass
comes
fresh
,
is
pure
without
Mixture
,
and
sweet
,
being
Young
and
tender
,
and
having
no
currupt
Weeds
of
Filth
to
annoy
it
,
and
fruitfull
,
having
heat
and
strength
left
in
the
Land
to
feed
it
,
and
for
continuance
fear
it
not
,
if
Grazed
,
for
the
very
Grazing
will
Inrich
it
every
year
,
and
Improve
it
untill
it
grow
so
old
again
,
and
over-run
with
Moss
,
Ant-hills
,
Rushes
,
or
other
corruptions
,
that
it
requires
Plowing
;
and
then
let
it
have
it
,
for
the
Lands
and
thy
Advantage
sake
;
I
know
other
Pastures
which
indeed
were
Plowed
nine
or
ten
Crops
,
and
did
much
prejudice
the
Lands
thereby
,
which
I
exceedingly
condemn
;
yet
this
President
answers
this
Objection
,
it
lying
now
upon
the
fourteenth
or
fifteenth
year
after
Plowing
,
is
better
than
ever
was
since
Plowing
,
and
mends
every
year
,
and
is
rich
and
healthfull
if
not
more
than
it
ever
was
,
and
would
far
more
have
abounded
in
fruit
,
if
Moderation
had
been
used
.
Another
Objection
may
be
raised
,
Object
.
which
is
this
,
your
new
Plowed
Lands
are
more
subject
to
Rotting
Sheep
than
your
old
Pasture
.
I
answer
,
usually
it
is
so
,
Ans.
and
Experience
hath
proved
the
same
;
Rotting
Sheep
in
new
Pastures
well
ordered
may
be
rate
.
yet
if
you
ever
found
any
parcell
of
Land
Husbandred
according
to
these
directions
,
nicely
observed
as
aforesayd
,
that
it
was
layd
so
high
and
round
,
his
over-Furlongs
Drained
by
the
lower
,
and
a
good
Master
Ditch
or
Trench
the
lowest
,
and
Plowed
but
three
or
four
Crops
,
and
laid
down
upon
the
Winter
Corn
Stubble
,
&c.
you
either
found
little
danger
in
it
for
Rotting
,
or
else
no
more
than
other
Grazed
Lands
thereabouts
was
subject
to
,
for
in
great
Rot
years
indeed
,
many
of
your
Cold
,
Sowr
,
Rushy
Pastures
,
Rot
themselves
though
never
plowed
,
especially
such
as
have
either
great
Road-wayes
;
Drifts
,
or
Passages
through
them
;
yet
observe
these
two
directio●s
following
,
put
case
it
should
Rot
first
or
second
yeares
,
To
prevent
Rotting
in
new
Tilled
Pastures
.
then
Stock
it
with
Beasts
,
and
that
prevents
it
,
or
else
secondly
with
part
Sheep
,
those
barren
Sheep
to
feed
,
and
not
with
a
breeding
Stock
,
and
part
Beasts
,
and
very
easie
that
you
may
have
Grass
at
pleasure
,
to
satisfie
them
to
the
full
,
which
will
probably
prevent
them
from
eating
Dirt
or
Gravell
,
and
this
wil
turn
thee
out
as
much
profit
and
secure
that
danger
in
great
measure
out
of
question
.
As
for
Rushes
,
Moss
,
and
Coldness
,
which
doth
not
much
offend
the
best
sort
of
Land
,
I
refer
thee
backward
to
its
more
proper
place
,
and
have
little
more
to
say
in
the
Advance
of
this
richer
sort
of
Land
,
but
onely
that
in
your
Separations
and
divisions
of
your
greatest
Pastures
,
you
be
very
curious
in
erecting
Quick-set
Hedges
after
the
manner
prescribed
in
the
●ixt
Piece
,
and
the
three
&
twentieth
Chapt●●
,
Separations
and
raising
of
Quick-set
Hedges
a
gre●t
advancement
.
and
be
most
carefull
of
preserving
them
from
biting
and
treading
,
and
well
fenced
from
any
Annoyance
,
&
maintained
with
constant
Weeding
for
two
or
three
years
together
,
all
which
exactly
observed
,
you
shall
raise
upon
each
Lordship
or
Pasture
,
Fuell
and
Fire-wood
sufficient
to
maintain
many
Families
,
besides
the
Timber
which
may
be
raised
in
the
Hedg-rows
,
if
here
and
there
in
every
Pearch
be
but
planted
an
Ash
,
Hedg
rowes
a
thing
of
delight
and
credit
.
Oak
,
Elm
,
or
Witchazell
,
all
which
will
not
onely
be
most
profitable
,
but
most
delightfull
and
honourable
unto
men
of
Ingenuous
spirits
.
And
if
to
this
thou
wouldest
but
add
the
sowing
of
Kernels
,
or
planting
Crab-tree
Stocks
here
&
there
in
all
your
Hedg-rowes
,
and
grasting
of
them
,
and
preserving
them
precisely
til
they
come
to
Trees
,
how
gallantly
would
this
good
Land
nourish
them
?
what
a
benefit
might
the
fruit
of
these
Trees
yeeld
either
in
Perry
or
Sider
,
to
be
transpored
into
other
parts
,
or
else
to
relieve
our
poor
at
home
?
of
which
were
there
plenty
this
dear
year
,
one
third
part
of
the
Mault
of
this
Nation
might
be
saved
,
and
so
that
Barley
be
for
Bread
;
But
more
of
this
in
his
proper
place
,
which
I
shall
present
thee
with
,
as
an
admirable
Piece
of
Improvement
of
it self
upon
any
Lands
it
is
capable
to
be
made
,
as
a
new
Addition
in
Orcharding
Improvements
.
Here
two
or
three
words
more
to
shew
the
great
Prejudice
men
suffer
for
want
of
these
Plantations
when
they
make
divisions
or
separations
in
their
Lands
by
new
Quick-setting
it
.
Reasons
why
Quick-setting
thrives
no
〈◊〉
.
When
men
have
planted
the
Quick
,
they
conceive
then
they
have
don
,
nor
observing
perhaps
neither
to
plan●
it
in
the
Over-most
and
Fattest
Earth
,
nor
for
to
Root
all
their
Sets
in
the
best
Mould
,
nor
when
they
have
done
,
to
preserve
it
from
Sheep
and
Cattell
,
nor
Mould
it
,
Weed
it
,
Hedg
it
,
and
secure
it
as
it
shall
stand
in
need
,
for
three
,
four
,
or
five
of
the
first
yeares
,
All
which
were
it
done
upon
all
Opportunities
,
No
man
almost
in
the
Nation
would
be
either
at
want
of
Firing
,
or
Timber
,
Hedg
rows
a
great
help
for
Firing
and
Timber
.
especially
were
all
such
Fields
,
Marshes
,
Heaths
,
and
Commons
thus
separated
and
divided
;
all
which
are
fecible
and
might
be
done
with
great
profit
to
all
,
and
prejudice
to
none
.
I
am
ashamed
to
speak
so
much
in
these
so
easie
and
wel-known
wayes
of
Husbandry
,
but
that
there
is
so
much
neglect
thereof
,
as
if
men
minded
more
their
own
and
Publique
Confusion
,
and
Ruin
,
than
Profit
and
Advancement
;
Some
will
cast
Banks
and
Ditches
for
separation
,
and
plant
no
Quick
at
all
in
them
,
and
so
destroy
as
much
ground
as
if
they
Quick-set
it
,
and
spoyl
the
ground
to
no
advantage
;
and
others
will
Quick-set
and
never
Fence
it
,
Weed
,
nor
Mould
it
,
and
so
it
either
perisheth
at
first
,
Not
preserving
Quick-sets
when
planted
is
ruin
to
good
Husbandry
.
or
else
groweth
dwindled
,
lean
,
and
barren
,
not
worth
any
thing
;
or
else
suffer
it
to
be
bitten
,
or
eaten
with
Cattell
,
or
else
stifled
with
cutting
or
plashing
before
it
is
ripe
or
ready
,
that
it
comes
to
no
thickness
,
growth
,
or
fruitfulness
;
In
all
which
were
there
but
a
little
Patience
,
and
Addition
of
a
little
more
cost
and
paines
,
there
would
not
be
one
foot
of
ground
more
lost
,
but
a
double
or
treble
Advantage
raised
upon
it
in
few
yeares
,
and
ever
after
,
with
no
other
Husbandry
continued
,
but
ever
bring
in
double
profit
for
the
charge
bestowed
,
As
in
the
cutting
,
plashing
,
scouring
of
the
Hedges
,
which
payes
his
cost
bestowed
,
and
sometimes
double
and
treble
,
and
if
it
be
a
Hedge
curiously
preserved
,
and
cut
just
in
his
ripest
season
,
before
it
begin
to
die
i'
th'
bottom
,
and
have
in
it
either
good
store
of
great
Wood
,
or
Fruit-Trees
planted
among
,
the
profits
may
aris●
to
much
more
than
is
here
spoken
of
.
CHAP.
XVII
.
Wherein
I
proceed
to
a
second
sort
of
Land
,
somewhat
Inferiour
to
the
former
,
wherein
is
discoursed
the
destruction
of
the
Rush
,
Flag
,
and
Mare-blab
,
altering
the
Coldness
of
Nature
,
and
the
preventing
the
standing
Winters
Water
,
and
destroying
Ant
and
Mole-hills
,
&c.
All
which
are
most
incident
to
this
second
sort
of
Land
.
THis
which
I
call
a
second
sort
is
our
midling
Land
(
I
delight
in
plainess
,
and
avoyd
all
Language
darkning
the
plainest
sense
,
or
whatsoever
may
occasion
mysteriousness
,
or
confusion
in
the
reading
or
practice
)
so
that
this
middle
sort
of
Lands
,
as
aforesaid
,
is
all
such
Lands
that
are
betwixt
the
value
of
twenty
shillings
per
Acre
,
and
six
shiliings
eight
pence
per
Acre
,
which
sort
of
Lands
as
they
lye
under
a
capacity
of
the
greatest
Improvement
,
I
have
handled
them
at
large
in
the
foregoing
Discourse
,
especially
under
the
four
first
Pieces
of
Improvement
.
But
as
they
lye
under
a
Capacity
of
a
moderate
and
less
Improvement
,
fall
here
to
be
discoursed
;
and
although
I
call
it
a
moderate
Improvement
,
yet
being
well
Husbandred
,
according
to
the
subsequent
directions
,
may
produce
a
double
increase
,
and
some
far
more
,
and
some
less
,
but
in
all
a
considerable
advantage
,
enough
to
encourage
to
the
prosecution
.
And
possibly
some
of
these
Lands
may
be
of
the
richest
,
and
first
sort
naturally
,
but
by
some
Improvidence
or
ill
Husbandry
being
degenerate
are
faln
under
this
second
,
Usuall
wayes
to
kill
the
Rush
Flag
,
or
Mare'-blab
.
and
that
where
the
Rush
either
hard
or
soft
prevaileth
,
or
else
where
the
Land
lyeth
so
flat
,
cold
and
moyst
,
that
the
Flag
or
Mar●-blab
thriveth
,
I
shall
here
onely
apply
one
remedy
for
the
removall
of
them
all
,
to
avoid
Tediousness
,
which
is
most
naturall
thereto
,
and
cannot
fail
being
punctually
observed
,
and
that
is
a
way
all
men
use
already
,
Drayning
the
most
naturall
way
.
though
to
little
purpose
,
which
is
to
indeavour
Drayning
of
the
same
;
as
you
shall
see
in
most
mens
Lands
,
both
Pasture
and
Common
,
●ull
of
Trenches
as
they
can
hold
,
to
their
great
cost
,
and
loss
of
abundance
of
good
Land
devoured
in
the
Trenches
,
Heaps
,
Much
Trenching
reproved
.
and
banks
,
they
make
,
and
yet
all
is
of
little
use
,
the
Rush
as
fruitfull
,
and
the
Land
as
cold
as
formerly
in
comparison
.
Therefore
I
shall
advise
far
less
Trenching
,
and
yet
produce
more
soundness
;
I
say
then
,
as
I
have
often
said
,
seek
out
the
lowest
part
of
thy
Land
,
and
there
make
either
a
large
Trench
or
good
Ditch
,
or
be
it
but
the
old
one
well
scoured
up
(
if
there
be
one
)
to
such
a
Depth
as
may
carry
away
that
water
or
Corruption
that
feeds
the
Rush
,
or
Flag
,
from
every
other
upper
Trench
thou
shalt
see
cause
to
make
,
and
so
ascend
to
any
part
of
thy
Land
where
these
offences
are
,
carrying
with
thee
one
Master
Trench
to
receive
all
thy
less
Draines
,
along
with
thee
,
and
there
make
a
Drain
(
yea
all
thy
Draines
and
Trenches
)
so
deep
(
for
I
prescribe
no
certain
depth
)
as
to
that
Cold
spewing
water
that
lyeth
at
the
bottom
of
the
Rush
,
How
to
find
the
matter
that
●eed
the
Rush
&
Flag
.
or
Flag
,
which
alway
either
lyeth
in
a
Vein
of
Sand
and
Gravell
mixed
,
or
Gravell
or
Clay
and
stones
mixed
,
as
aforesaid
,
and
thence
will
issue
a
little
water
,
especially
making
thy
Trench
half
a
foot
,
or
one
Foot
deeper
,
into
which
will
soak
the
Rushes
food
,
which
being
laid
Dry
and
Drayned
away
cannot
grow
,
but
needs
dye
and
wither
.
It
is
impossible
without
going
to
the
bottome
to
do
any
good
;
Our
own
experience
shews
it
,
and
so
the
depth
may
be
two
Spades
gra●t
or
more
,
however
to
the
bottom
thou
must
go
,
and
then
one
Trench
shall
do
as
much
good
as
twenty
,
alwaies
curiously
observing
that
thy
Trenches
run
in
the
lowest
part
of
thy
Ground
,
and
through
the
Coldest
and
most
quealiest
parts
of
thy
Lands
,
and
for
the
manner
of
making
the
same
,
and
further
Direction
therin
,
I
shall
refer
thee
back
unto
the
second
Piece
,
the
seventh
Chapter
,
where
I
have
spoken
something
to
most
of
the
aforesaid
Passages
.
But
if
thy
Land
lyes
upon
a
Flat
or
upon
a
Levell
,
How
to
drain
Land
well
where
there
is
no
end
of
Trenching
.
and
have
many
great
wide
Balks
,
of
which
there
wil
be
no
end
of
Trenching
or
Drayning
,
I
must
then
assure
thee
it
is
to
little
purpose
,
yet
art
not
left
remediless
,
for
this
insuing
direction
will
not
fail
,
and
will
bring
profit
with
it
to
pay
for
curing
also
,
which
is
a
moderate
Plowing
,
Ridging
all
thy
Balks
,
raising
and
Landing
all
thy
Flats
,
gaining
them
as
high
as
possibly
thou
canst
,
Plow
all
,
and
leave
none
,
and
do
this
three
yeares
together
,
and
observe
such
former
Directions
as
are
contained
in
the
thirteenth
,
fourteenth
,
and
fifteenth
Chapters
in
the
third
Piece
of
Improvement
;
And
by
the
blessing
of
God
expect
the
issue
promised
,
It
will
lay
Land
sound
and
dry
,
more
warm
and
healthfull
than
formerly
,
destroy
the
Rush
,
and
many
other
Annoyances
beyond
Expectation
.
I
have
been
forced
to
be
more
large
,
&
to
speak
twice
to
one
thing
,
because
of
the
suitableness
thereof
unto
these
Lands
,
but
especially
because
I
cannot
speak
enough
to
make
some
to
understand
it
,
nor
others
to
set
upon
the
Practise
,
and
more
especially
because
the
Reader
may
miss
the
reading
of
it
in
the
former
part
,
unless
he
take
the
paines
as
few
do
deliberately
to
read
the
whole
;
Therefore
if
thou
wilt
forgive
this
fault
,
I
le
mend
the
next
.
As
for
the
Mole-hils
,
so
great
an
Enemy
to
the
Husbandman
,
and
Grazier
,
there
is
so
much
Experience
made
for
their
Destruction
,
that
almost
every
Ingenuous
man
is
grown
a
Moal-catcher
in
many
parts
,
and
that
is
a
certain
way
,
&
yet
in
many
parts
men
are
Slothful
,
that
because
all
their
Neighbours
wil
not
kil
them
,
therfore
they
wil
not
,
so
they
suffer
their
Land
one
third
part
to
be
turned
up
;
The
causes
of
Moals
increasing
.
There
is
a
Law
to
compell
men
to
Ring
their
Swine
,
to
prevent
their
Rooting
,
it
were
more
advantage
to
the
Cōmon-Weal
,
a
severe
Law
were
made
to
Compell
all
men
to
keep
the
Moal
from
Rooting
;
Want
of
a
Law
for
killi●g
of
Moales
a
great
mischief
for
he
destroyes
abundance
of
Grass
he
covers
with
the
Mould
,
and
Corn
he
throws
up
by
the
Roots
,
which
utterly
perisheth
,
Spoyls
the
M●wers
work
and
Tools
,
and
raiseth
Balks
in
Meads
,
and
Pastures
,
besides
the
work
he
makes
the
Husbandman
to
spread
some
of
them
,
the
Cost
whereof
,
were
it
but
bestowed
in
Moal-killing
,
would
prevent
the
aforesaid
losses
.
And
although
I
can
make
no
new
Addition
to
the
Moales
Destruction
,
Pot-T●●p
chief
Engine
in
Moal
Destruction
.
there
being
so
many
Artists
with
the
Moal●staff
,
Tines
,
and
Traps
of
severall
Sorts
,
of
all
which
I
commend
the
Pot-trap
set
in
a
Bank
,
or
Hedg-sow
,
which
wisely
Set
and
Planted
at
all
times
,
but
especially
in
the
naturall
Season
of
Bucking
time
about
March
,
will
destroy
them
insensibly
;
Onely
one
thing
more
punctually
observed
in
the
time
of
breeding
,
will
make
such
a
Rout
among
them
,
which
thy self
or
any
ingenuous
man
may
do
,
as
is
not
credible
;
one
Spring
at
or
about
March
,
one
Moal-catcher
and
his
boy
,
in
about
ten
dayes
time
in
a
ground
of
ninety
Acres
being
just
laid
down
from
Tillage
,
took
me
as
was
verily
conceived
three
bushell
of
old
and
young
,
they
were
not
to
be
numbred
most
of
them
being
young
and
naked
,
and
this
he
onely
did
by
casting
up
their
nests
,
which
are
alwaies
built
in
a
great
heap
of
a
double
bigness
to
the
rest
,
Destroying
the
nests
destroyes
multitudes
of
them
.
most
easily
discerned
,
and
then
immediatly
the
old
ones
would
come
to
look
their
young
which
he
would
snap
up
presently
also
.
Yet
I
desire
to
speak
a
word
by
way
of
Incouragement
to
the
Ingenuous
Husbandman
not
to
suffer
so
great
Dishonour
to
Husbandry
,
nor
so
great
Prejudice
to
his
Profit
,
as
to
suffer
(
were
it
possible
)
one
to
remain
either
in
Tillage
,
Mead
,
or
Pasture
,
and
if
thou
have
any
Opportunity
of
Water
to
be
brought
over
any
part
of
thy
Land
,
Water
best
to
destroy
Moals
.
it
will
drive
them
out
and
destroy
them
so
far
as
thou
canst
lead
it
after
them
,
that
thou
needest
not
be
in
any
measure
troubled
with
them
in
thy
Meadows
.
CHAP.
XVIII
.
And
for
the
Ant-hills
,
more
pestilent
and
Offensive
than
the
former
,
in
some
Sorts
of
Lands
.
THere
is
but
a
little
Addition
that
I
can
make
to
what
I
spake
before
of
Ant
hils
destruction
;
Ant-hills
Destruction
.
But
to
quicken
thee
thereto
,
I
shall
be
more
large
,
being
this
is
the
most
proper
place
:
I
demand
what
is
the
reason
that
infinite
great
Pastures
all
over
the
Nation
are
so
over-run
with
them
?
Unless
men
Accompt
them
Vertuous
.
Indeed
some
have
said
,
Object
.
they
Increase
the
Land
in
quantity
,
&
so
they
may
say
with
shame
;
for
so
they
do
,
but
apparently
Decrease
it
in
quality
,
Ans.
Worth
,
&
Fruitfulness
,
half
some
mens
Land
covered
over
with
them
,
and
what
is
the
fruit
of
them
?
They
bear
plenty
of
wild
Time
,
Mous-ear
,
Phins
,
Moss
,
and
Shar-grase
,
you
shall
seldom
see
a
Sheep
or
Beast
bite
them
,
Ant-Hills
good
to
destroy
Sheep
or
Beasts
.
unless
for
hunger
,
and
then
if
a
Sheep
or
Beast
be
cast
among
them
,
many
times
destroyed
by
them
.
I
would
have
these
men
as
are
so
far
in
love
with
them
,
but
he
intreated
to
spend
a
little
time
to
see
how
his
cattell
.
Pasture
upon
them
in
the
winter
,
and
how
they
burn
and
scorch
in
Summer
,
&
but
make
experience
of
three
or
four
Acres
banking
&
the
fruit
thereof
,
&
never
conclude
a
demonstration
by
Opinion
when
experience
may
so
easily
resolve
the
question
.
For
Curing
of
them
,
I
shall
onely
direct
the
old
Piece
of
banking
them
,
but
in
a
more
unusuall
way
,
and
somwhat
more
speedily
than
formerly
;
How
to
bank
Ant
Hills
most
speedily
.
yet
make
a
banking
Iron
or
Spade
,
made
very
thin
or
smooth
on
purpose
,
a
little
more
compass
or
comming
than
your
ordinary
Spades
are
,
&
deeper
bitted
also
.
A
Spade
that
worketh
smooth
&
clean
will
further
this
doubly
,
and
then
begin
with
the
crown
or
top
of
thy
Hills
,
and
so
divide
thy
over
Turf
into
five
or
six
parts
,
and
take
down
the
coat
or
over
turf
to
the
very
bottom
of
it
,
the
Turf
being
cut
as
thinne
as
possibly
thou
canst
,
so
thou
be
sure
to
go
under
the
Roots
of
the
Grass
,
else
it
will
not
Soard
so
thick
nor
speedily
,
and
so
turn
it
down
round
about
the
Coar
,
which
taken
out
,
and
cast
about
thy
Land
so
deep
,
that
when
thy
Turf
is
turned
down
,
Why
to
lay
them
lower
than
the
Surface
of
the
Earth
.
even
just
as
thou
tookest
it
up
,
even
so
lay
it
down
every
Turf
in
its
place
,
that
the
whole
compass
of
the
Hill
may
be
rather
lower
than
the
Surface
of
the
Ground
,
and
but
a
very
little
neither
,
yet
lower
it
must
be
,
because
else
the
Ant
will
return
more
readily
again
:
And
secondly
,
because
then
it
will
receive
more
naturally
the
Water
,
or
Moysture
,
which
will
occasion
a
more
speedy
Soarding
,
and
prevent
the
Pismires
return
,
for
the
Moysture
will
not
be
endured
by
the
old
Inhabitants
;
And
this
done
in
the
proper
season
,
which
is
in
the
end
of
November
,
December
,
Ianuary
,
and
beginning
of
February
,
which
seasons
if
thou
fail
as
good
neglect
them
wholly
;
for
thy
Earth
will
neither
have
benefit
of
the
Frost
to
mould
it
,
whereby
it
will
be
spread
with
ease
,
and
have
some
of
the
Winters
rain
to
settle
it
into
the
Ground
,
nor
the
Turf
have
fitting
time
to
sodder
and
work
together
before
the
dry
weather
comes
to
parch
it
;
and
loosen
it
again
,
and
so
maist
lose
a
great
part
of
that
Summers
profit
which
otherwise
thou
maist
receive
;
And
if
thy
Land
be
clean
and
and
free
from
Moss
,
Rush
,
and
other
pelf
,
this
will
be
a
sufficient
cure
as
to
reducing
the
Hilliness
to
Plainess
,
and
thy
Land
to
an
exceeding
good
Improvement
;
and
so
herein
I
have
no
more
to
say
,
unless
thy
Land
be
over-run
with
the
aforesaid
filth
;
but
what
is
the
Burden
of
my
Song
,
and
is
the
onely
and
sure
Cure
of
most
of
the
Maladies
that
occasioneth
Barrenness
,
which
is
prescribed
as
a
soveraign
Remedy
(
viz.
)
Plowing
according
to
former
directions
destroyes
them
all
,
&
brings
meat
in
the
mouth
with
it
,
takes
away
the
Fins
,
and
the
Mous-ear
,
the
wild
Time
;
and
Shar-grass
,
if
used
with
Moderation
,
and
so
I
have
done
with
this
.
As
for
the
Sow-Thistle
,
Sow-thistle
a
great
annoyance
.
the
chief
and
onely
Annoyance
of
all
Thistles
(
as
for
other
Thistles
I
scarce
know
how
to
rank
them
amongst
those
grand
Corrupters
,
because
the
opinion
of
most
men
are
,
that
they
are
most
certain
symptomes
of
good
Land
,
as
usually
they
are
;
so
are
Nettles
,
Hemlocks
,
Mallowe
,
&c.
)
and
yet
I
had
rather
they
were
all
destroyed
than
remain
upon
my
Lands
(
but
because
they
are
of
less
offence
,
aud
we
have
greater
Prejudices
than
these
,
I
'll
let
them
pass
)
but
for
the
Sow-thistle
,
it
is
of
so
great
offence
that
it
destroyes
all
the
Grass
it
covers
,
which
is
many
times
a
foot
round
,
and
also
so
easie
to
be
destroyed
,
that
I
shall
put
the
Grazier
or
Farmer
upon
no
other
charge
or
trouble
,
Easiest
way
to
destroy
the
Sow-thistle
but
onely
take
a
little
Paddle-staff
,
as
a
walking-staff
,
and
give
each
one
a
chop
at
the
Root
as
he
passeth
by
them
,
which
will
be
rather
a
Recreation
to
an
active
man
than
a
burthen
,
and
thus
every
day
a
few
as
they
grow
in
bigness
,
will
in
few
dayes
destroy
them
all
;
Or
else
a
Shepherd
,
or
Keeper
of
the
ground
,
as
he
walks
among
his
Cattell
may
easily
keep
them
under
,
as
he
goes
about
his
daily
business
;
But
since
I
have
found
out
a
more
certain
way
which
will
destroy
them
at
once
spudding
up
,
which
being
done
as
soon
as
the
Thistle
begins
to
spread
,
but
they
must
be
done
as
it
were
up
,
by
,
or
under
the
Root
,
which
lyeth
very
overly
,
and
if
it
be
not
cut
at
first
chop
,
it
may
at
next
by
the
Root
:
I
had
the
last
year
a
Field
of
an
hundred
Acres
so
thick
over-runne
,
that
some
Acres
were
as
thick
that
one
man
could
not
do
above
half
an
Acre
in
a
day
,
I
caused
them
to
be
spudded
up
by
the
Root
,
which
was
done
at
two
chops
with
my
Spade
,
I
was
not
only
freed
of
them
the
last
Summer
wholly
,
but
my
whole
ground
is
cleansed
of
them
for
this
year
,
and
so
I
hope
for
ever
.
I
believe
the
charge
thereof
was
near
twenty
shillings
,
or
thereabout
.
A
more
certain
way
I
know
not
.
For
Goose
Tansey
or
Hoar
Tansey
like
Weed
,
Goose
Tansey
I
must
needs
make
Proclamation
,
That
he
that
can
tell
the
destruction
of
it
,
shall
do
a
very
acceptable
service
;
and
for
my self
,
I
should
be
very
thankfull
for
the
Communication
thereof
,
for
I
can
say
no
more
but
this
,
Never
Plow
your
Land
too
long
,
nor
out
of
heart
or
strength
by
no
means
,
for
this
occasioneth
it
to
grow
more
thick
and
fruitfully
;
and
also
load
your
Land
hard
with
Cattell
in
the
Spring
,
and
when
it
doth
grow
high
and
strong
,
Mow
it
down
about
the
end
of
Midsummer
Moon
,
or
in
the
dryest
and
hottest
time
of
the
Summer
,
but
the
earlier
the
better
,
and
other
means
I
can
prescribe
none
other
,
but
in
all
your
Plowings
soyl
it
well
with
good
Dung
,
and
lay
it
down
rich
,
and
full
of
spirit
.
I
hope
some
man
of
Experience
herein
will
help
me
.
For
the
destruction
of
Fearn
,
Fe●rn
how●o
destroy
.
I
shall
prescribe
such
poor
means
that
thou
wilt
take
offence
thereat
,
yet
however
,
Experience
having
proved
the
truth
hereof
,
I
will
pr●scribe
it
,
viz.
In
the
Spring
,
so
soon
as
it
begins
to
grow
up
a
little
above
the
Grass
,
while
it
is
young
and
tender
,
take
a
crooked
Pole
,
or
piece
of
Wood
about
six
foot
long
,
and
let
it
c●ook
at
one
end
like
a
Bow
,
or
come
like
a
Sithe
,
with
which
thon
mayst
strike
off
all
the
heads
of
the
Fearn
,
as
low
as
thou
canst
to
the
very
ground
,
if
thou
please
to
make
it
with
a
little
Edge
thou
mayst
,
but
it
will
do
without
;
And
this
course
thou
must
take
the
second
time
also
,
as
soon
as
it
begins
to
sprout
and
grow
up
again
,
which
may
be
within
three
Weeks
after
the
first
;
And
thus
having
bruised
,
and
broken
,
and
cut
off
the
head
the
second
time
,
thou
shalt
see
such
a
destruction
wrought
,
as
thou
wilt
admire
,
the
Reason
I
cannot
possibly
conceive
other
than
this
;
This
breaking
,
cutting
,
or
bruising
of
the
Stalk
doth
give
a
kind
of
Check
or
Comptroul
unto
the
Sap
which
is
ascending
,
The
reason
of
Fearns
dying
.
that
it
causeth
it
again
to
recoyl
into
the
Root
,
and
so
suffocates
and
choaketh
the
life
and
spirit
of
it
,
that
it
descends
dowuward
and
dyeth
in
the
Earth
;
This
I
am
from
a
very
Ingenuous
knowing
Husband
informed
,
which
not
onely
destroyes
it
the
present
year
,
but
for
the
time
to
come
also
,
who
hath
made
a
more
large
and
full
experience
of
the
same
than
my self
hath
done
;
But
I
believe
if
it
prove
a
very
wet
Summer
,
thou
must
not
wholly
expect
the
destruction
of
it
.
But
in
some
parts
of
the
Nation
where
Fuell
is
very
scarce
,
it
wil
be
thought
to
be
Prejudice
by
many
to
destroy
it
,
especially
upon
Commons
where
they
reserve
it
for
Fuell
on
purpose
,
and
is
a
very
great
help
to
poor
for
Firing
;
yet
whether
in
those
very
places
it
be
so
good
as
an
Acre
of
Grass
I
question
,
but
there
are
other
parts
where
it
is
little
worth
,
&
some
places
not
worth
getting
,
yet
it
is
the
ruin
and
destruction
of
all
the
Grass
it
groweth
over
,
for
whose
sakes
I
have
spoke
thus
much
,
and
an●sure
in
most
parts
it
a
most
pestilent
weed
.
CHAP.
XIX
.
Treates
of
the
destruction
of
Goss
,
Broom
,
Brakes
,
&c.
and
how
to
Improve
ordinary
Lands
by
Planting
Fruit
;
and
shews
how
to
preserve
Corn
from
Blasting
,
and
from
Crows
and
Vermine
,
and
gives
a
Description
of
the
Water
Persian
Wheel
.
AS
for
your
Goss
,
Broom
,
Braking
,
&c
,
which
in
some
places
wehre
Fuell
is
very
scarce
,
and
the
ground
very
bad
,
to
prescribe
a
Cure
is
little
Advantage
:
but
where
either
Land
is
good
natured
Land
,
or
Broom
and
Goss
of
little
value
;
or
else
where
men
desire
to
Improve
their
Land
to
the
utmost
worth
it
can
be
raised
to
,
Easiest
way
to
destroy
Broom
.
it
would
be
worth
entertainment
:
But
to
give
a
perfect
Cure
thereof
without
considerable
Cost
bestowed
upon
it
I
know
none
;
The
best
means
for
that
,
is
to
cut
it
in
the
hottest
and
dryest
time
of
Summer
,
when
the
Sap
is
drawn
clean
forth
of
the
Root
,
and
many
times
this
will
destroy
it
.
But
if
thou
wilt
be
a
good
Improver
thou
mayst
destroy
it
utterly
,
and
treble
the
value
of
thy
land
in
the
doing
of
the
same
;
which
is
this
.
When
thou
hast
cut
thy
Broom
,
thy
Goss
,
Ling
,
or
Braking
,
it
matters
not
at
what
season
;
Then
Plow
thy
Land
,
and
make
a
Fallow
of
it
if
thou
please
;
Excellentest
way
to
destroy
Broom
,
Goss
,
Ling
,
and
Braking
.
or
otherwise
,
take
as
many
Crops
as
thou
pleasest
,
more
or
fewer
,
all
is
one
to
this
purpose
,
so
as
thou
be
sure
to
Plow
thy
Roots
up
clean
,
and
then
Manure
thy
Land
with
what
Compost
thou
canst
get
,
for
I
believe
if
thy
Land
be
made
Rich
and
fruitfull
with
any
sort
of
Soyl
whatsoever
,
it
will
in
a
great
measure
mend
it
;
But
without
doubt
if
thou
either
Marl
it
well
,
or
chalk
it
very
well
,
and
afterward
Muck
it
very
well
,
to
mollifie
,
and
loosen
,
and
open
the
Earth
;
or
Lime
it
well
,
or
Mud
it
well
,
and
afterward
Muck
it
over
with
good
Cow
or
Horse
Dung
,
or
any
other
good
Soyl
,
as
House
or
street
Muck
,
it
will
not
onely
Improve
it
,
but
destroy
any
of
these
offences
,
or
any
other
whatsoever
that
naturally
ariseth
from
Barrenness
or
Coldness
;
possibly
once
Manuring
may
not
do
it
,
nor
indeed
canst
thou
expect
so
great
an
Improvement
with
so
little
cost
;
because
I
reckon
not
that
any
charge
or
cost
thou
expendest
whilst
thou
hast
it
under
Tillage
,
for
that
brings
in
thy
charge
again
in
thy
Crop
,
&
so
not
to
be
put
upon
this
Accompt
;
but
that
which
thou
bestowest
upon
thy
last
Crop
,
for
the
last
Crop
I
would
advise
thee
to
Manure
to
purpose
,
and
so
soon
as
thy
Crop
is
got
Manure
it
again
,
for
it
will
also
bring
in
thy
charge
in
the
Crop
of
Grass
also
;
and
again
,
whilst
thy
Land
is
young
and
tender
,
When
one
load
of
Soyl
doth
as
much
good
as
two
or
three
.
for
at
this
season
will
one
load
of
Soyl
do
as
much
as
two
when
thy
Soard
begins
to
grow
Tough
;
yea
as
much
as
three
,
when
it
grows
Mossy
,
Rushy
,
Filthy
.
This
is
a
most
certain
Conclusion
which
I
have
ever
maintained
,
and
proved
by
Practice
,
Ever
to
lay
on
Soyl
that
first
Winte
after
Corning
,
An
unsailing
way
of
destroying
any
filth
.
and
at
one
good
Soyling
have
raised
an
excellent
sweet
Soard
the
very
first
year
,
full
as
good
again
as
it
was
before
upon
the
old
Soard
:
And
this
gallant
Advancing-way
shall
certainly
destroy
both
Bryars
,
●raking
,
Fearn
,
(
Goo●-Tansie
also
if
an
thing
will
do
it
)
Goss-Ling-Heath
,
or
any
thing
else
whatsoever
occasioneth
Unfruitfulness
,
and
work
an
Improvement
above
what
is
Expected
.
This
way
of
destroying
Broom
,
Goss
,
Braking
,
or
any
such
filth
,
would
be
of
great
esteem
,
had
it
been
held
out
of
it self
under
specious
pretences
of
rare
discovery
as
some
can
do
,
but
I
am
confident
it
is
an
unfailing
remedy
,
and
will
certainly
destroy
the
pelf
as
it
inriches
the
Lands
,
and
though
many
devices
may
be
found
out
,
or
strong
conceits
raised
to
do
the
same
,
yet
at
present
I
know
none
so
certain
nor
so
profitable
.
There
is
another
opportunity
of
Improving
almost
any
sort
of
Sound
Land
,
of
which
I
gave
a
touch
in
the
last
Chapter
,
Treating
of
the
way
of
Improving
the
best
sort
of
Lands
,
of
which
it
is
most
capable
,
That
is
,
Planting
Fruit-trees
in
hedges
is
good
husbandry
.
by
Planting
all
sorts
of
Fruit-Trees
in
all
your
Divisions
,
and
Hedg-rowes
,
where
they
shall
not
Prejudice
one
foot
of
Land
,
and
where
they
may
grow
as
prosperously
as
in
an
Orchard
,
if
you
will
but
wisely
manage
them
.
The
Cost
or
Charge
of
this
Improvement
is
as
easie
as
any
that
can
be
made
,
if
you
will
cast
it
into
a
Method
:
That
is
,
when
you
make
any
Partition
in
your
Lands
,
which
I
know
you
will
not
without
a
Quick-set
Hedge
,
in
which
in
every
twenty
yards
you
may
Plant
a
Crab-Tree
stock
as
well
as
a
Thorn
,
onely
in
setting
of
it
be
carefull
of
Moulding
it
plentifully
with
the
best
Mould
you
can
get
,
Chief
piece
in
Planting
all
fruits
.
For
that
is
the
main
Piece
in
Planting
as
I
conceiee
:
To
lay
a
good
Foundation
in
every
thing
,
prepares
for
a
good
Superstruction
;
So
that
if
the
Root
be
Nourished
from
the
Earth
,
the
Root
will
feed
both
Bough
and
Branch
more
plentifully
:
Therefore
though
thy
Land
be
naturally
Barren
,
yet
make
that
place
all
round
about
thy
Stock
a
good
compass
,
as
good
as
thou
canst
,
with
good
mellow
Mould
,
Best
Earth
discovered
.
and
that
which
smelleth
well
in
Digging
is
Fruitfull
,
containing
the
juyce
of
Vegetables
already
prepared
.
The
Tender
Mellow
Earth
is
between
the
two
Extremes
of
Clay
and
Sand
,
and
must
needs
be
best
:
And
thus
having
Planted
thy
Stock
in
good
Earth
,
thy
work
is
half
done
,
if
thou
do
but
now
and
then
renew
the
same
,
that
is
,
almost
at
it
were
,
take
up
thy
Tree
again
,
or
else
get
well
under
the
Roots
,
and
so
apply
fresh
Mould
to
them
while
they
are
Young
and
Tender
:
And
this
will
cause
it
to
Thrive
without
measure
,
and
put
forth
a
gallant
Smooth
Bark
,
which
it
ever
a
Sign
of
a
Thriving
Tree
:
So
that
be
but
a
little
carefull
in
the
choosing
thy
Graft
;
both
for
it self
and
the
Fruit
of
it
,
and
then
after
Grafting
have
but
patience
in
preserving
of
it
a
few
years
,
and
here
is
all
the
Cost
Required
.
The
Improvement
may
be
wonderfull
,
if
men
would
but
Plant
their
Grounds
as
in
many
Countries
they
do
;
as
in
Worcestershire
,
Hereford
,
and
Glostershire
,
and
great
part
of
the
Country
of
Kent
,
they
use
▪
Every
Hedge-row
is
full
of
Fruit
,
and
some
men
plant
,
whole
Fields
over
,
every
thirty
yards
asunder
,
whereby
they
reap
a
Couple
of
Harvests
,
How
to
reap
two
Harvests
.
One
of
Grass
or
Hay
,
and
another
of
Fruits
.
O
that
I
might
but
be
a
Remembrancer
to
this
poor
Nation
,
of
the
many
opportunities
of
Honour
,
Wealth
,
and
Glory
,
it
is
Capable
of
,
and
that
I
could
but
perswade
its
Natives
to
take
hold
thereof
,
and
deliver
the
Earth
of
those
advantages
it
is
so
big
withall
:
Judge
the
rest
by
this
One
Poor
Piece
;
Were
all
men
but
industrious
herein
,
how
might
the
very
fruit
that
might
be
raised
in
this
Nation
almost
relieve
it
in
such
a
year
of
Scarcity
as
this
is
like
to
be
?
If
it
would
not
be
bread
to
the
Poor
,
as
it
might
be
in
some
measure
,
I
am
sure
it
would
be
Drink
,
and
how
much
Barley
would
that
preserve
to
Bread-Corn
that
is
now
turned
to
Mault
?
Yea
,
had
this
very
year
been
but
kindly
,
and
a
Plentifull
Fruit-year
,
what
a
great
help
would
it
have
been
to
Enggland
?
And
might
not
England
,
had
it
been
but
generally
as
Ingenuous
as
some
Members
of
it
are
,
we
might
have
had
twice
as
much
Fruit
as
now
we
have
.
But
certainly
we
are
afraid
lest
Plenty
should
be
our
Ruin
,
or
else
all
men
that
Study
so
much
to
get
Estates
at
second
hand
,
Each
from
other
,
would
rather
strive
to
gain
it
at
first
hand
Out
of
the
Earth
,
the
True
mother
,
in
whose
Bowells
is
more
Wealth
than
ever
will
be
drawn
forth
,
and
enough
to
satisfie
(
whether
theirs
is
or
no
I
know
not
)
I
am
sure
all
Ingenuous
men
desire
it
,
that
so
they
may
be
as
the
Midwife
to
deliver
the
Earth
of
it
Throws
,
it
will
send
forth
enough
,
if
thou
wilt
but
lay
an
Egge
in
the
Sand
of
the
Earth
,
't
will
bring
it
forth
:
Help
the
Birth
,
be
the
Man-Midwife
(
who
is
never
in
use
but
in
greatest
need
)
Need
and
Misery
is
likely
to
be
greater
than
is
expected
;
Yea
,
I
fear
than
hath
been
of
many
yeares
;
If
God
work
not
above
man
,
And
man
work
not
now
with
God
,
by
all
Prudentiall
means
whatsoever
.
And
so
much
,
and
no
more
be
said
of
Planting
Fruit-trees
at
present
,
untill
I
have
gained
more
Time
therefore
,
and
Experience
therein
.
And
now
I
resolve
to
speak
no
more
of
any
more
wayes
of
Improvement
here
;
but
onely
One
word
of
Preserving
that
We
have
already
,
and
't
is
but
onely
to
Direct
a
word
or
two
how
to
keep
Corn
from
Blasting
,
and
Seed
from
Vermine
.
For
Blasting
is
one
of
a
Kingdomes
Curses
,
An
unfailing
way
to
preserve
Corn
from
Blasting
.
And
therfore
to
Prescribe
naturall
,
absolute
,
unfailing
Remedies
in
all
Places
and
at
all
Times
,
is
beyond
my
skill
,
yet
one
Unfailing
Remedy
there
is
,
also
the
Removall
of
this
,
so
it
is
the
Removall
of
all
Causes
or
Occasions
of
Barrenness
whatever
,
And
that
is
sinne
,
the
Root
that
brings
forth
all
:
First
brought
forth
the
Curse
,
and
ever
since
the
fruit
thereof
:
The
onely
Cure
thereof
is
our
Lord
Jesus
set
upon
the
Pole
,
he
must
damn
the
Curse
for
us
,
and
in
us
,
and
we
by
looking
up
to
him
,
and
our
Application
of
himself
to
us
,
Mourning
over
him
,
and
humbling
our
Soules
before
him
;
Hereby
must
we
be
made
Sensible
of
the
Removall
hereof
,
by
which
,
and
by
no
other
meanes
it
is
Removable
.
But
the
naturall
Helps
as
usually
are
Applied
,
are
the
Soaking
or
Steeping
Corn
in
thick
fat
water
,
or
Lime-Water
,
or
Urine
or
Brine
,
and
the
Mixing-Lime
or
Ashes
with
the
Corn
while
Wet
and
Moyst
,
that
so
it
may
receive
part
of
Smithon-Meal
,
finest
of
the
Ashes
or
Lime
upon
it self
,
and
Cloath
it self
with
it
,
so
as
it
may
fall
cloathed
all
over
to
the
Earth
,
and
so
be
covered
therewith
:
This
hath
been
Highly
Commended
of
late
as
a
great
Preservation
of
the
Purity
of
the
Corn
,
The
most
usuall
naturall
help
.
and
in
some-parts
of
the
Chiltern
Country
,
now
put
into
great
use
,
so
that
instead
of
their
Usuall
way
of
changing
their
seed
,
which
hath
been
an
Old
received
Principle
of
great
advantage
,
A
good
help
to
preserve
Corn
pure
.
(
and
I
verily
believe
is
very
good
Husbandry
)
now
they
betake
themselves
hereto
:
Yet
however
,
I
would
not
Dehort
but
perswade
m●n
to
the
other
also
;
Especially
those
that
use
to
fetch
their
Seed
out
of
Chiltern
into
other
Parts
or
Countries
of
the
Fieldon
,
who
have
found
great
Advantage
by
their
Constant
Change
of
Seed
.
And
this
is
a
very
good
meanes
for
the
preserving
of
the
Corn
from
Fowl
,
To
preserve
Corn
from
Fowls
and
Vermine
.
or
Vermine
also
,
which
Usually
devour
one
part
thereof
before
it
can
be
covered
,
the
Lime
or
Ashes
sticking
to
the
Corn
,
offends
them
so
,
that
they
will
avoyd
it
,
and
though
I
say
it
inricheth
not
the
Corn
,
or
Land
,
no
more
than
what
that
Substance
of
Lime
or
Ashes
is
,
that
cleaves
unto
it
;
Yet
so
much
it
doth
,
and
is
help
,
and
a
very
good
Help
to
the
bettering
of
it
;
Yet
not
such
a
Help
as
some
men
cry
it
up
to
be
,
as
if
it
were
as
good
as
a
Manuring
,
or
Soyling
,
which
usually
men
bestow
upon
their
Land
for
Wheat
;
So
as
I
would
have
no
man
Under-value
the
least
Opportunity
of
Advantage
any
way
;
So
I
would
not
have
any
man
deceive
his
Land
,
or
himself
,
for
herein
consequently
the
Poor
and
Common-Weale
are
beguiled
also
.
There
is
one
Poor
Simple
Piece
of
my
own
Experience
I
dare
not
but
Communicate
,
for
the
Preserving
Early
,
or
Late
Sowed
Corn
,
or
for
preserving
it
when
it
begins
to
Corn
in
the
Ear
,
from
Crowes
,
Rookes
,
or
Jack
Dawes
,
and
this
was
yet
never
failable
to
me
since
I
found
it
:
'T
is
no
more
,
An
unfailing
Prevention
of
Crows
Rooks
,
or
Daws
from
Corn.
but
Kill
a
Crow
or
two
with
thy
Gun
if
thou
canst
possibly
upon
the
place
,
where
this
Vermine
haunteth
,
is
not
,
Kill
one
any
where
else
,
or
if
thou
canst
not
get
a
Crow
do
but
take
any
black
Feathers
of
Crow
,
Raven
,
Turkey
,
Pidgeon
,
or
any
other
Fowl
,
but
let
them
be
as
black
as
possibly
they
can
:
And
them
take
into
thy
Field
where
they
Annoy
thee
,
and
in
the
most
Obvious
,
Plain
,
and
Perspicuous
places
,
make
a
great
hole
of
two
foot
over
,
and
about
twenty
Inches
deep
,
which
Hole
must
be
stuck
round
about
the
Edges
with
the
longest
feathers
,
and
some
of
the
shortest
laid
in
the
Bottom
of
the
Hole
,
with
some
part
of
the
Carkas
if
thou
have
a
Crow
,
and
that
Turf
that
you
dig
out
of
the
Hole
,
or
else
that
Earth
being
laid
round
upon
a
heap
,
you
may
stick
round
with
Feathers
also
;
The
Feathers
of
one
Crow
will
dress
two
or
three
of
these
Holes
,
and
about
half
a
dozen
or
eight
of
these
Holes
,
will
serve
for
a
Field
of
ten
or
twelve
Acres
;
Which
being
done
,
and
made
on
the
highest
Ground
,
observe
the
Creatures
,
whether
they
will
fall
in
that
Field
or
no
,
all
the
while
those
Feathers
remain
fresh
,
which
may
be
will
be
a
month
,
unless
great
store
of
Rain
,
or
Weather
beat
them
much
,
and
then
they
must
be
Rennewed
once
again
,
if
thou
seest
need
:
And
if
they
Annoy
that
place
,
or
once
fall
thereabouts
,
I
am
much
Deceived
;
I
know
they
will
not
,
you
shall
see
as
soon
as
ever
you
have
made
but
one
Hole
,
and
they
take
notice
of
it
,
how
great
offence
they
take
,
if
One
Crow
but
discover
it
,
there
is
work
enough
for
him
to
call
his
Fellows
to
behold
the
Wonder
,
he
'll
gather
all
the
Crows
thereabouts
to
behold
the
same
,
which
they
will
View
with
such
admiration
,
The
Reason
of
the
Crows
offence
taken
.
as
will
make
you
admire
the
Creatures
astonishment
.
The
Reason
is
,
as
I
conceive
,
no
more
but
an
Affrightment
,
or
Astonishment
,
by
a
New
and
unexpected
Object
,
or
else
from
that
Antipathie
they
bear
,
or
some
misgiving
,
or
fear
of
being
Intrapped
themselves
,
that
possesseth
them
,
that
they
dare
not
come
near
the
same
;
Neither
Gun-powder
which
many
use
to
dress
a
Crow
withall
,
nor
constant
Shooting
of
them
,
or
Killing
of
them
,
shall
not
have
the
like
effect
;
It
cleares
all
the
Field
of
every
one
to
thy
hearts
desire
.
I
promised
to
give
a
more
Full
Description
of
the
Persian-Wheel
,
or
Water-Wheel
to
raise
Water
out
the
Stream
that
Drives
it
.
And
for
the
more
Clear
understanding
of
the
Description
of
it
,
Imagine
thou
stoodest
just
before
the
Face
of
the
Wheel
,
as
it
is
Plan●d
in
the
River
,
to
View
the
same
as
the
Water
Drives
it
;
but
this
is
of
a
very
Plain
Wheel
,
and
as
I
conceive
a
better
and
more
Exact
one
may
be
Discovered
.
1.
The
height
of
the
Wheel
may
be
betwixt
fifteen
foot
to
thirty
foot
,
or
more
if
thou
pleasest
,
according
to
the
strength
of
thy
Water
,
The
fuller
Description
of
the
Persian
Wheel
.
&
the
height
thou
desirest
to
raise
it
,
made
just
like
an
ordinary
Under-shoot
Mill-Wheel
.
2.
The
breadth
of
the
Sole
or
Ring
of
the
Wheel
may
be
also
according
to
thy
pleasure
,
from
fifteen
Inches
to
thirty
Inches
broad
,
Ladleled
as
other
Water-Wheeles
are
.
3.
The
Buckets
or
Kans
to
take
up
thy
Water
,
if
thy
Wheel
be
about
fifteen
foot
high
,
may
be
Six
in
number
,
or
Eight
if
thou
please
.
4.
The
Buckets
to
such
a
Wheel
,
just
so
long
as
the
Wheel
is
broad
:
The
Bucket
is
made
with
four
boards
nayled
to
a
bottom-board
:
Two
sides
run
upon
a
strait
Line
,
which
are
those
planted
to
the
Ring
of
the
wheel
,
and
to
the
Ladle-board
,
and
the
other
two
run
towards
an
Angle-taper
,
declining
from
twelve
Inches
in
the
But
or
bottom
,
to
six
Inches
at
the
mouth
one
way
;
and
from
eight
at
the
bottome
to
four
Inches
at
the
mouth
the
other
way
;
the
mouth
is
open
alway
.
5.
The
Buckets
fill
themselves
in
the
bottom
as
the
Wheel
goes
,
and
so
lose
some
of
the
Water
in
comming
up
,
&
when
they
come
almost
to
the
Top
,
a
Trough
about
three
or
four
foot
long
it
Planted
,
as
it
were
in
the
Ring
of
the
Wheel
near
the
Spoakes
of
it
,
and
takes
the
rest
of
the
Water
as
it
delivers
it
out
at
the
Top
,
which
may
be
about
half
the
Buckets
first
take
up
,
out
of
which
Cistern
thou
mayst
either
in
Pumps
or
Trenches
lead
thy
Water
,
for
Watering
a
House
or
Land
as
thou
pleasest
,
up
to
that
Levell
;
It
matters
not
how
slow
thy
Wheel
goes
,
nor
for
any
greater
fall
or
height
of
Dam
than
will
drive
thy
Wheel
,
which
may
be
about
two
foot
;
It
is
of
very
speciall
use
;
So
hast
thou
as
Plain
a
Description
as
I
can
give
thee
,
untill
thou
have
the
Figure
or
Form
Delineated
,
which
will
give
more
light
to
the
Discovery
of
it
,
which
shall
among
other
Tooles
be
Deciphered
,
with
a
further
Addition
of
more
ease
and
Exactness
in
it
,
than
is
here
Described
,
if
God
give
an
Opportunity
.
The
Fift
Piece
is
a
discovery
of
such
Simples
and
Ingredients
,
to
be
compounded
with
the
Earth
,
with
the
Nature
,
and
use
of
them
,
In
Application
whereof
makes
good
the
Improvement
promised
,
and
Meliorarareth
the
Earth
to
all
Intents
and
Purposes
.
CHAP.
XX
Sheweth
how
in
Tillage
of
thy
Land
,
thou
mayst
improve
it
best
,
with
an
Addition
of
an
Soyl
,
or
Manure
by
farre
,
than
upon
the
Turf
in
Grazing
,
and
in
particular
Treateth
of
Liming
ALl
Up-Lands
whatsoever
,
Improvement
of
Up-Land
several
waies
.
especially
all
sound
and
whole
some
Land
,
will
admit
of
severall
wayes
of
Improvement
,
as
,
In
generall
all
coarse
barren
Heaths
,
Lingy
,
Broomy
Lands
,
be
it
of
lowest
and
meanest
value
is
suitable
for
Improvement
,
by
Liming
,
and
by
all
the
Subsequent
Compositions
;
All
old
Resty
Land
,
that
hath
not
been
Tilled
of
late
,
although
it
be
coarse
of
it
own
nature
,
and
yeeld
little
Fruit
,
yet
by
Plowing
according
to
former
directions
,
all
Advantages
observed
for
three
or
four
Crops
,
President
of
Plowing
Wood-Land
Land
.
which
I
fear
not
but
the
heart
and
strength
thereof
will
bear
it
out
,
without
Prejudice
;
I
have
known
Six
or
Seven
Crops
taken
,
of
Land
not
worth
above
five
shillings
or
six
shillings
an
Acre
,
and
it
very
little
the
worse
,
as
generally
all
the
Wood-Lands
are
apt
to
run
to
Moss
,
and
Fearn
,
Goss
,
and
Broom
,
and
to
be
so
extremely
over-run
therwith
,
that
it
bears
nothing
else
,
and
if
they
be
not
tilled
according
to
that
ancient
Principle
all
Husban-men
retain
,
A
Husband-mans
old
principle
Wood-Land
Lands
Tilled
every
ten
yeares
,
yea
some
every
eight
.
every
ten
,
or
fifteen
years
,
they
will
runn
into
these
Extremes
so
far
;
as
that
they
will
be
of
little
use
,
so
all
other
Lands
of
a
better
nature
subject
to
these
Extremes
,
no
better
way
can
possibly
be
than
Moderate
Tillage
,
according
to
the
former
rules
prescribed
.
And
in
thy
Tillage
are
these
special
Opportunities
to
Improve
it
,
either
by
Liming
,
Means
or
Materials
to
in-rich
Land
.
Marling
,
Sanding
,
Earthing
,
Mudding
,
Snayl-codding
,
Mucking
,
Chalking
,
Pidgeons-Dung
,
Hens-Dung
,
Hogs-Dung
,
or
by
any
other
means
,
as
some
by
Rags
,
some
by
coarse
Wool
,
by
Pitch
Markes
,
and
Tarry
Stuff
,
any
Oyly
Stuff
,
Salt
,
and
many
things
more
,
yea
indeed
any
thing
almost
that
hath
any
Liquidness
,
Foulness
,
Saltness
,
or
good
Moysture
in
it
,
is
very
naturall
Inrichment
to
almost
any
sort
of
Land
,
all
which
as
to
all
sorts
of
Land
,
they
are
of
an
exceeding
Mellorating
nature
,
and
of
these
more
particularly
.
And
first
for
Liming
,
Liming
of
Land
.
it
is
of
most
excellent
use
,
yea
so
great
,
that
whole
Countries
and
many
Countles
that
were
naturally
as
Barren
as
any
in
this
Nation
,
&
had
formerly
(
within
less
than
half
an
Age
)
supply
with
Corn
out
of
the
Fieldon
Corn-Country
,
and
now
is
and
long
hath
been
ready
to
supply
them
,
and
doth
and
hath
brought
their
Land
into
such
a
Posture
,
for
bearing
all
sorts
of
Corn
,
that
upon
Land
not
worth
above
one
or
two
shillings
an
Acre
,
they
will
raise
(
well
Husbanded
with
Lime
)
as
good
Wheat
,
Barley
,
and
White
and
Gray
Pease
,
as
England
yeelds
,
yea
they
wil
take
a
parcell
of
Land
from
off
a
Lingy
Heath
or
Common
,
not
worth
the
having
,
nay
many
will
not
have
it
to
Husbandry
it
,
and
will
raise
most
gallant
Corn
,
that
naturally
is
so
Barren
,
worth
five
or
six
pound
an
Acre
.
And
though
some
object
it
is
good
for
the
Father
,
Object
.
but
bad
for
the
Son
.
I
answer
,
Ans.
so
are
all
Extremes
whatsoever
,
that
is
,
to
Plow
it
after
Liming
so
long
as
is
either
any
spirit
left
in
the
Lime
,
or
heart
in
the
Land
,
or
it
will
bear
any
sort
of
Corn
or
Grain
,
it
will
ruin
it
for
Posterity
;
But
if
that
after
Liming
,
men
would
but
study
Moderation
in
their
Tillage
,
anid
not
(
because
the
Land
yeelds
such
abundance
of
Corn
)
Plow
or
Till
it
so
long
as
it
will
carry
Corn
,
no
nor
so
long
as
it
will
carry
good
Corn
;
But
if
men
would
after
good
Liming
,
take
three
,
four
,
or
five
Crops
,
and
then
lay
down
their
Lands
to
Graze
,
it
would
not
be
the
least
prejudice
;
or
if
upon
the
laying
of
it
down
,
men
would
but
indifferently
Manure
it
,
or
else
upon
the
last
Crop
you
intend
to
Sow
,
Dung
it
well
before
Sowing
,
and
lay
it
down
upon
the
Rye
,
or
Wheat
Stubble
,
it
would
produce
a
sweet
Turf
,
and
I
am
confident
prove
excellent
Pasture
,
as
good
again
as
it
was
before
;
but
if
after
it
is
layd
down
you
would
Manure
it
once
again
,
a
little
Manure
now
will
produce
more
fruit
than
as
much
more
upon
the
old
Soard
,
it
would
be
warrished
for
ever
;
Many
men
have
had
ten
Crops
of
gallant
Corn
after
one
substantiall
Liming
,
Presidents
for
Liming
.
some
more
,
upon
very
reasonable
Land
of
about
six
shillings
eight
pence
an
Acre
,
some
Land
worth
a
little
more
,
but
more
Land
less
worth
,
and
some
upon
Land
not
worth
above
one
or
two
shillings
an
Acre
,
have
got
many
gallant
Crops
upon
a
Liming
as
aforesaid
;
some
men
have
had
and
received
so
much
profit
upon
their
Lands
upon
once
Liming
,
as
hath
payd
the
purchase
of
their
Lands
:
I
my self
had
great
Advance
thereby
,
yet
I
lived
twenty
miles
from
Lime
,
and
fetched
it
so
far
by
Wagon
to
lay
upon
my
Lands
,
and
so
not
capable
to
make
like
Advantage
as
other
Borderers
.
The
Land
most
naturall
for
Lime
.
The
Land
naturall
and
suitable
for
Lime
,
is
your
light
and
sandy
Land
,
and
mixed
sound
Earth
,
so
also
is
your
Gravell
,
but
not
so
good
,
and
your
wet
and
cold
Gravell
is
the
worst
,
except
your
cold
hungry
Clay
,
which
is
worst
of
all
,
but
all
mixed
Lands
whatever
are
very
good
.
As
for
your
Lime
it
is
not
of
a
hot
burning
nature
as
most
men
conceive
,
and
do
strongly
believe
,
and
many
have
wrote
;
The
nature
of
Lime
quite
contrary
to
the
common
opinion
.
't
is
true
it
is
of
a
wasting
,
burning
,
and
consuming
nature
,
before
or
in
the
slacking
or
melting
of
it
;
and
may
be
possibly
in
the
meal
or
spirit
of
it
;
but
in
the
use
of
it
,
and
working
it
into
and
with
the
Land
and
Earth
,
and
in
the
production
of
the
fruit
,
it
seems
&
appeares
to
be
Coldest
,
and
most
sadning
of
Land
of
any
Soyl
whatsoever
,
and
that
for
these
Reasons
.
1.
Because
of
it self
it
is
a
heavy
and
weighty
substance
,
and
sinkes
deep
,
and
loseth
it self
sooner
than
any
Soyl
whatsoever
;
if
you
be
not
very
carefull
in
the
keeping
of
it
up
,
and
rasing
of
it
,
you
will
lose
it
before
you
are
aware
of
it
or
can
suspect
it
.
2.
Because
it
so
alters
your
lightest
Ry
Land
,
that
though
it
be
naturally
Sandy
and
Gravelly
,
that
it
never
before
would
bear
any
thing
but
Ry
or
Oates
,
yet
by
one
good
Liming
it
will
be
reduced
to
bear
as
good
Lammas
or
Red
straw
Wheat
,
with
Barley
and
Pease
,
as
your
strong
clay
Land
.
3.
Were
it
of
so
hot
a
nature
,
then
it
would
have
the
best
operation
upon
your
coldest
&
wettest
spewing
Land
,
upon
which
it
hath
none
,
and
all
Experience
shews
the
contrary
.
As
I
remember
,
How
much
wil
Lime
an
Acre
.
about
twelve
or
fourteen
quarters
of
Lime
will
very
wel
Lime
an
Acre
▪
you
may
also
over-Lime
it
,
as
well
as
under-Lime
it
;
Also
a
mixture
of
Lime
,
Manure
,
and
Soyl
together
,
is
very
excellent
,
especially
for
a
few
Crops
,
and
so
lay
down
to
Graze
I
conceive
is
best
;
but
by
any
means
Till
not
long
,
for
I
say
it
is
possible
the
Land
may
yeeld
Corn
being
so
exceedingly
in
Tillage
,
and
so
well
wrought
,
as
long
almost
as
any
Earth
is
left
in
it
.
I
have
seen
many
parts
Tilled
so
long
as
there
hath
been
little
lest
but
small
Stones
,
Flints
and
Pebles
;
A
mad
Cmstome
,
fly
from
it
,
your
Lime
will
sink
downwards
exceedingly
,
use
all
means
possible
to
keep
it
as
much
aloft
as
you
can
,
else
you
lose
it
,
and
the
benefit
of
it
,
and
remember
it
,
whatever
you
forget
,
and
then
you
may
plow
and
work
your
Land
,
as
you
do
with
any
other
Soyl.
CHAP.
XXI
.
Sheweth
the
nature
,
use
,
and
benefit
of
Marl
,
and
giveth
a
President
of
the
Improvement
made
by
it
.
MArl
is
also
a
very
gallant
thing
,
Marl.
I
can
say
much
for
it
,
far
more
than
I
resolve
to
speak
to
,
because
others
have
spoken
much
therof
though
little
to
my
especiall
purposes
;
It
is
commended
of
all
men
,
and
very
highly
almost
by
every
Writer
,
that
sayes
any
thing
in
point
of
Husbandry
;
therefore
I
'll
say
but
little
,
onely
acquaint
you
with
its
nature
,
and
an
experiment
made
of
it
,
and
the
severall
Lands
it
is
most
natural
for
Advancement
or
Melioration
to
a
little
quicken
the
Practice
where
it
is
found
,
and
the
Search
for
it
where
it
is
not
yet
discovered
.
And
for
the
nature
of
it
,
Nature
of
Marl.
it
is
also
of
a
colder
nature
,
because
it
saddens
the
Land
exceedingly
,
and
very
heavy
it
is
,
and
will
go
downwards
also
,
but
being
so
much
of
substance
cannot
easily
bury
so
soon
as
Lime
will
,
and
the
description
of
it
is
not
so
much
in
Colour
(
as
some
say
)
as
in
the
Purity
,
&
uncompoundedness
of
it
,
for
in
my
Opinion
be
the
Colour
what
it
will
,
if
it
be
pure
of
it self
that
it
will
break
into
bits
like
a
Die
,
or
but
smooth
like
Lead
,
without
any
Composition
of
Sand
or
Gravel
;
&
some
others
of
it
if
it
will
slack
like
Slate-stones
,
Signs
of
good
Marl
described
.
and
then
if
it
wil
purely
slack
after
a
showr
of
Rain
,
question
not
the
fruitfulness
of
it
.
'T
is
possible
some
Countries
may
yeeld
severall
Colours
of
Marl
,
as
it
is
affirmed
of
Kent
,
wherein
is
found
both
Yellow
,
Gray
,
Blew
,
and
Red
,
and
the
red
is
said
to
be
the
worst
there
,
which
I
will
not
here
dispute
,
because
it
never
fell
under
mine
own
Experience
in
that
Country
;
yet
I
will
say
it
holds
not
every
where
,
indeed
the
Blew
and
Gray
are
very
Excellent
,
and
so
also
is
the
Red
no
less
;
And
whereas
the
common
sign
is
said
to
be
Slipperiness
,
or
Greasiness
,
in
which
I
will
not
contest
,
but
onely
I
say
there
is
some
as
good
Marl
as
is
most
this
day
in
England
,
Slipper●ress
no
infallible
s●gn
.
which
is
not
so
,
but
as
it
lyeth
in
the
Mine
is
pure
,
dry
,
short
,
&
if
you
water
it
,
you
shal
find
it
in
slipperiness
differ
little
from
common
Clayes
;
The
onely
sign
,
but
the
purest
and
truest
sign
as
aforesaid
,
is
the
incompoundness
of
it
,
and
if
it
slack
also
immediately
after
a
showr
,
and
shortly
after
turn
to
dust
after
it
is
throughly
dry
again
,
and
doth
not
congeal
and
conglutinate
like
to
tough
Clay
,
but
dissolve
,
fear
not
the
Operation
,
Adventure
the
Experimenting
of
it
,
the
fruit
wil
be
answerable
to
thy
hopes
.
And
now
give
me
leave
to
tel
thee
a
true
relation
of
one
Experiment
of
my
own
(
because
I
speak
but
little
but
my
own
Experiences
)
A
Marling
Experiment
.
upon
an
hard
Inclosed
Wood-land
Farm
I
rented
,
having
some
Land
also
in
Common
,
amongst
the
rest
I
had
about
fifteen
or
sixteen
little
short
Lands
,
or
Buts
,
lay
all
together
in
the
Common
Field
;
All
which
said
Lands
were
so
gravelly
of
nature
,
that
there
was
but
about
two
Inches
thickness
of
Earth
before
you
came
to
as
perfect
Gravell
as
any
High-way
,
yea
so
exceeding
herein
,
that
in
many
places
turned
to
Sinder
(
like
that
the
Smith
casts
forth
of
his
fire
,
as
the
corruption
of
his
Iron
,
Fire
,
&
Coales
congealed
)
and
also
so
hungry
and
barren
of
nature
,
that
before
I
converted
it
to
Tillage
,
little
or
nothing
was
made
of
it
;
And
to
Graze
it
was
not
worth
above
two
shillings
an
Acre
,
and
y●●
it
was
Resty
and
old
Turf
,
&
had
lain
long
,
may
be
〈◊〉
or
twenty
yeares
;
And
resolving
to
make
an
Experiment
I
searched
for
Marl
,
&
found
it
where
none
had
ever
〈◊〉
in
mans
memory
,
nor
within
many
Miles
of
it
;
〈◊〉
in
an
old
strong
Clay
Pooll
I
conceived
it
lye
,
the
which
Pool
I
was
forced
to
cleanse
,
being
full
of
Mud
,
that
so
I
might
make
the
better
and
greater
fall
of
Marl
at
last
,
and
my
Marl
was
perfect
Red
,
differing
in
nothing
from
Clay
in
colour
,
but
in
the
breaking
into
bits
and
ends
like
Dies
,
not
slippery
,
as
was
discernable
from
Clay
.
And
because
I
would
make
an
undeceivable
Experiment
of
it
(
which
ever
was
my
greatest
Arrogancy
)
I
carried
forth
that
Mud
also
to
my
Land
,
and
laid
it
upon
two
or
three
Lands
,
Some
Mucked
some
Folded
,
some
M●r●ed
.
as
thick
again
as
men
use
to
lay
on
Soyl
or
Dung
;
I
also
Mucked
with
the
Cart
two
more
exceeding
well
,
and
as
I
remember
Fold-Mucked
two
more
;
Also
I
Marled
three
or
four
far
thicker
than
I
Mudded
the
other
;
And
one
Land
I
neither
Mucked
,
Mudded
,
Foulded
,
or
Marled
,
nor
laid
any
cost
upon
it
at
all
,
yet
Plowed
them
all
alike
,
&
brought
them
into
good
Tillage
,
and
Sowed
them
as
I
remember
with
Wheat
,
One
no
cost
at
all
.
and
Rye
mixed
;
&
for
the
first
year
,
I
reaped
very
good
Corn
upon
my
Cart-mucked
Land
,
and
Fold-Mucked
the
best
of
all
,
the
best
upon
my
Mudded
Land
the
next
,
and
upon
my
Marled
Land
reasonable
good
,
not
so
good
as
the
aforesaid
sorts
yeelded
(
because
Marl
yeelds
not
forth
his
utmost
strength
the
first
year
)
And
upon
that
I
laid
nothing
,
I
reaped
nothing
,
not
so
much
as
Straw
,
although
I
gave
it
the
same
seed
,
and
the
same
Tillage
as
the
aforesaid
Lands
.
Whereby
you
may
perceive
the
goodness
of
the
Land
,
which
is
bad
enough
indeed
when
it
will
bear
no
Corn
at
all
,
for
very
little
Land
in
England
that
is
old
and
Resty
,
and
in
good
Tillage
,
but
wil
bear
some
,
either
Oates
or
Tares
.
The
next
year
I
Sowed
Barley
upon
all
sorts
of
these
Lands
,
A
double
Experiment
.
and
upon
my
Marled
Land
was
most
gallant
Corn
,
and
so
was
my
Mudded
Land
,
my
Mucked
Land
was
the
worst
by
far
,
the
Muck
decaying
,
and
upon
that
I
Soyled
not
,
I
Sowed
the
second
year
with
Oates
,
and
reaped
nothing
again
that
year
also
;
Then
afterward
I
Marled
that
which
before
I
had
Mucked
,
and
that
which
had
not
Soyl
laid
upon
it
,
&
brought
forth
nothing
the
two
years
before
,
which
brought
forth
as
gallant
Corn
as
England
yeelded
;
And
after
three
or
four
Crops
my
Mud
decayed
also
,
and
that
I
Marled
again
and
had
the
same
Fruit
as
aforesaid
;
and
for
my
Marled
Land
that
I
kept
in
Tillage
nine
years
;
without
any
other
addition
of
any
Compost
or
Soyl
at
all
,
and
had
as
goodly
Corn
as
grew
,
and
then
I
left
the
Land
,
&
ever
since
with
some
small
addition
of
Fold
or
Manure
,
as
they
do
the
rest
of
their
Lands
;
that
out-strips
all
the
rest
,
and
is
discernable
from
all
the
Lands
to
this
day
;
her
in
observe
how
it
saddens
Land
,
Marl
saddens
Land
exceedingly
.
this
was
Rye
Land
most
naturally
,
but
it
turned
to
Wheat
,
Barley
,
and
Pease
;
and
as
it
is
thus
excellent
for
Corn
,
so
it
is
also
very
fruitfull
and
inriching
to
Grass-land
,
provided
you
take
heed
of
Extremes
,
which
most
men
are
subject
to
run
into
,
which
is
not
to
Til
it
forth
of
heart
,
for
to
Till
it
forth
of
heart
is
just
as
if
you
work
an
Ox
off
his
legs
,
a
Horse
off
his
stomack
,
or
a
Man
off
his
strength
,
Extremes
is
Marling
reproved
.
and
then
put
them
all
to
work
for
Wagers
with
those
that
are
in
plight
and
strength
;
Try
wha●
service
one
of
them
will
do
you
,
not
a
third
part
of
that
service
they
did
before
;
Nor
twice
or
thrice
to
Marl
together
I
hold
not
proper
,
but
when
your
resolve
to
lay
down
your
Land
to
Graze
,
How
to
lay
down
Land
to
graze
after
Marling
.
be
sure
at
the
last
Crop
you
intend
to
take
(
which
may
be
the
fourth
,
fifth
,
or
sixth
after
Marling
)
then
Manure
thy
band
wel
with
Dung
,
which
wil
so
open
,
lighten
,
and
loosen
thy
Land
(
for
the
less
binding
,
and
the
more
light
,
loose
,
and
open
,
the
more
fruitful
)
that
it
will
produce
a
gallant
Glovery
,
and
white
Hunny-suckle
Grass
,
and
Graze
fruitfully
;
and
then
if
as
aforesaid
,
the
first
year
after
thou
hast
laid
it
down
upon
the
Wheat
or
mixt
Corn-stubble
,
thou
wouldest
run
it
over
again
with
Dung
,
it
would
pay
thee
treble
;
I
cannot
forbear
inculcating
these
two
(
because
I
see
it
is
so
little
practised
in
any
part
of
the
Nation
,
and
I
know
it
to
be
so
wonderfull
Advantagious
)
untill
thou
pursue
the
practice
of
them
;
if
possibly
never
lay
down
thy
Land
to
Graze
but
thus
,
Let-not-thy
Gain
or
Profit
of
a
good
Crop
or
two
,
hinder
thee
of
ten
fold
more
,
and
dishonour
thy
Land
,
Prejudic●
thy
Posterity
,
&
defame
thy
Husbandry
.
Oh
that
this
gallant
Principle
of
Improvement
of
all
Lands
to
their
utmost
worth
,
The
Prime
Principle
in
Husbandry
.
was
naturally
planted
in
all
mens
Breasts
,
t
is
true
to
get
Wealth
and
Riches
is
naturall
enough
,
and
both
in
our
thirsting
and
eager
pursuit
hereof
by
many
lawfull
common
wayes
,
and
by
more
indirect
&
baser
meanes
,
Eateth
out
the
very
hearts
and
bowels
of
many
,
but
thus
to
indeavour
to
raise
Wealth
out
of
the
Earth
by
ingenuity
,
to
raise
soyl
out
of
one
part
of
the
Earth
to
inrich
another
,
or
out
of
the
Seas
,
or
any
way
else
by
a
mean
&
Low
charge
or
poor
workinens
labour
,
depending
upon
the
Almighty
for
that
blessing
,
is
that
I
so
highly
magnify
:
not
having
forgot
the
old
Proverb
of
making
honey
of
a
Dogs
—
so
I
believe
any
Land
by
cost
&
charge
may
be
made
rich
,
and
as
rich
as
Land
can
be
,
but
not
counterpoise
one
quarter
of
the
charge
or
labour
,
which
I
neither
affect
nor
indeavour
to
hold
forth
,
but
my
resolutions
are
to
perswade
all
mens
Estates
or
parts
to
drive
on
all
Designs
for
the
Common
good
,
so
to
Plow
all
thy
Lands
,
as
to
make
thy
Lands
Fittest
and
Richest
to
Graze
,
and
then
to
Plow
again
,
when
thy
Land
decayes
in
Grazing
,
&
thy
Plowing
shall
far
out
profit
thy
Grazing
,
I
am
confident
a
man
might
so
Husband
the
matter
,
as
neither
of
these
should
hinder
each
others
Fruitfulness
,
but
both
help
on
each
others
Advancement
.
Now
the
Lands
upon
which
Marl
yeelds
great
increase
,
is
upon
your
higher
Sandy
Land
mixed
or
Gravelly
,
Land
most
naturall
for
Marl.
any
found
Land
whatsoever
though
never
so
barren
,
to
whom
it
is
as
naturall
,
and
nourishing
,
as
Bread
to
mans
nature
,
and
will
do
well
upon
any
of
these
,
though
somewhat
mixed
with
Clay
,
but
strong
Clay
in
my
opinion
is
most
unsutable
;
But
an
exact
tryall
I
never
made
thereof
,
therefore
am
not
Peremptory
,
and
although
many
men
are
of
opinion
that
it
can
have
little
Operation
upon
Wet
,
Cold
,
Moyst
Land
,
I
say
so
,
if
there
be
not
a
possibility
to
lay
it
sound
,
and
Wholsome
,
but
that
I
believe
thou
mayst
do
most
Land
by
Plowing
of
it
up
and
Raising
of
it
,
as
high
as
thy
Land
will
bear
it
,
&
then
a
good
Drain
or
master
Furrow
,
if
it
will
serve
;
if
not
,
a
deeper
Drayning
Trench
will
,
for
Wet
,
and
too
much
Cold
,
and
Moysture
offends
all
Corn
and
Grass
also
wheresoever
,
as
well
as
Marl
,
but
thus
done
Marl
wil
yeeld
great
store
of
Corn
upon
this
Land
also
out
of
question
,
my
own
president
was
upon
a
very
wet
Land
,
upon
a
most
sharp
gravell
.
CHAP.
XXII
.
Sheweth
the
usefulness
of
Sand
and
other
Soyles
out
of
the
Seas
and
Rivers
,
Sands
also
are
great
Inrichments
.
AS
for
Sands
manure
,
Sand.
I
conceive
it
warm
of
nature
,
and
yet
that
is
not
the
cause
of
its
Fruitfulness
,
for
then
would
all
Sands
have
the
like
Operation
&
vertue
in
them
,
but
of
ou●
inland
Sands
especially
these
which
are
naturally
the
Surface
of
the
Earth
,
Of
no
worth
or
use
at
all
.
or
else
lyeth
by
Mines
in
Hils
,
&
many
other
parts
of
the
Nation
,
I
conceive
little
Fruitfulness
at
all
,
however
I
challenge
not
Immunity
herein
from
being
deceived
;
I
may
be
,
for
I
have
made
no
tryall
at
all
therein
,
and
therefore
what
it
may
do
upon
a
contrary
natured
Land
I
know
not
,
if
any
have
found
benefit
I
desire
to
learn
it
,
for
Reason
hath
sometime
deceived
me
,
and
so
may
others
,
but
Experience
never
shall
.
But
as
for
your
Sands
brought
forth
by
the
Violence
of
strong
Land-floods
,
Sand
from
the
Land-flood
are
good
.
and
cast
up
on
Hils
&
Shelves
in
many
Meadows
and
other
places
in
them
is
Fruit
and
Vertue
,
and
I
question
not
but
the
Application
of
them
,
either
to
Corn
or
Graze
,
will
produce
much
Fertility
;
especially
being
seasonably
applied
to
such
Lands
as
are
most
different
from
the
nature
of
it self
;
What
Lands
are
naturall
for
Sands
.
for
whatever
causeth
Barrenness
,
be
sure
to
provide
a
Soyl
that
wil
stand
in
constant
opposition
to
it
,
and
so
though
one
wast
another
,
and
both
are
weakened
,
yet
the
Earth
is
thereby
bettered
,
as
here
the
Sand
is
dry
and
warm
,
and
something
inclining
to
Saltishness
,
the
Land
I
conceive
best
for
this
Soyl
,
is
moyst
,
and
cold
,
and
while
Heat
and
Cold
,
Dry
and
Moyst
,
contest
together
,
the
Earth
steales
from
both
,
and
is
much
Advanced
thereby
.
For
in
all
Soyles
and
sorts
of
Earth
there
is
a
Combustible
and
Incombustible
Nature
,
each
Wrestling
with
other
,
and
the
more
you
can
occasion
Quarrels
and
Contention
by
these
,
that
is
,
the
more
you
ad
to
that
which
is
predominant
,
and
so
allay
the
distemper
in
the
end
,
the
more
gaineth
the
Earth
thereby
;
For
I
suppose
there
is
a
kind
of
contrarietie
in
Nature
,
it
was
ever
so
from
the
Fall
,
&
ever
will
till
all
be
swallowed
up
again
in
one
.
But
there
is
another
sort
of
Sand
,
and
this
is
the
richest
of
all
,
and
that
is
your
Sand
upon
the
Sea
Costs
,
and
in
the
Creeks
thereof
,
Pest
Sand
of
all
.
which
is
very
rich
,
yet
in
some
parts
it
may
be
somwhat
richer
than
others
,
as
I
conceive
,
for
this
Reason
,
because
al
Lands
that
be
bordering
upon
the
Sea
Coasts
might
then
be
Improved
by
them
,
but
in
many
,
and
most
parts
of
the
Nation
the
use
of
it
is
neglected
,
&
I
dare
not
have
so
uncharitable
an
opinion
of
my
Nation
,
that
they
would
neglect
so
great
and
facile
an
Advantage
;
In
Devonshire
upon
those
Coasts
it
is
very
rich
,
and
upon
the
Coasts
of
Cornwall
also
,
and
upon
all
the
Southern
and
Western
Coasts
as
this
is
,
if
there
were
that
fruitfulness
as
there
is
in
most
Sea
Sands
,
and
is
as
likely
also
to
be
in
this
,
unless
or
untill
men
have
made
experience
,
and
through
experienc●
thereof
,
I
for
my
part
shall
be
loath
to
have
other
opinion
of
it
,
but
that
it
is
of
excellent
fruitfulness
,
and
so
all
Wales-ward
borders
,
so
rich
,
as
that
they
carry
it
many
miles
on
Horse-back
unto
their
Lands
,
and
make
such
vast
Improvements
,
as
to
raising
Corn
and
Grass
also
,
as
is
incredulous
:
Now
,
were
it
on
the
Northern
,
Eastern
,
or
Western
Coasts
,
as
rich
as
it
is
upon
the
Southern
Coast
,
as
it
may
be
for
any
contrary
experience
I
have
had
,
I
could
not
believe
the
people
to
be
so
Dronish
as
they
are
in
some
parts
thereof
,
but
that
they
would
Drain
out
that
Sweetness
to
their
Lands
,
as
would
cost
but
little
or
nothing
but
their
Labour
;
However
,
I
must
absolutely
say
,
there
must
needs
be
great
heart
and
fruitfulness
in
these
Sands
also
,
because
the
Richness
of
the
Sands
is
from
the
fat
or
filth
the
Sea
doth
gather
in
by
all
Land-floods
and
Streames
that
bring
it
from
the
Lands
,
What
causeth
so
much
richness
in
the
Sea
Sands
.
and
also
what
the
Tide
fetches
in
dayly
from
the
Shores
,
and
from
that
fat
and
brackish
nature
in
it self
,
and
from
the
Fish
and
other
creatures
,
and
thousands
of
other
matters
that
putrifie
in
the
Sea
,
all
which
the
waters
Casts
to
Shore
,
and
purgeth
forth
of
it self
,
and
leaves
in
the
Sands
thereof
,
while
it self
is
clear
and
pure
.
And
now
being
discoursing
thereof
,
give
me
leave
to
let
you
know
the
vertue
and
excellency
the
Sea
may
yeeld
,
The
Seas
fruitfulness
by
Fish
.
as
from
Sea-Weeds
also
,
which
Cornwell
and
Devonshire
,
and
many
other
parts
make
great
Improvement
of
for
the
Soyling
and
Manuring
of
their
Land
,
Sea
Weeds
very
good
soyl
for
Land
.
and
that
to
very
great
advantage
also
,
and
further
toward
the
Inriching
of
the
Land
,
as
from
Fish
of
any
sort
,
which
is
so
fruitfull
for
the
Land
,
that
in
many
parts
of
the
world
they
Dung
their
Lands
therewith
,
but
here
with
us
,
it
yeelding
more
Advantage
for
Food
to
the
relief
of
mans
nature
than
unto
the
Earth
;
I
'll
say
no
more
,
unless
any
Capacity
fall
in
the
dead
of
putrified
Fish
,
which
is
no
other
use
than
to
this
purpose
;
A
good
Advantage
might
be
made
unto
the
Land
thereof
,
as
I
said
,
before
any
Liquid
Brackish-fat
,
Greasie-matter
,
and
any
thing
that
comes
from
,
or
is
the
fleshy
matter
of
the
creature
,
whether
it
be
by
Sea
or
Land
,
hath
a
secret
operation
in
it
to
the
Earths
fruitfulness
;
Yea
the
very
Urine
of
man
is
very
excellent
,
and
of
all
beasts
very
fruitfull
,
and
very
rich
,
&
would
be
of
more
Accompt
if
men
knew
the
worth
of
it
:
I
have
read
of
some
that
have
done
too
strange
things
therewith
to
report
,
Urine
fr●itful
.
but
most
certainly
't
is
worth
labour
to
preserve
it
with
most
exactness
.
There
is
yet
another
Opportunity
,
out
of
many
of
your
great
Rivers
,
and
is
from
a
Mud
,
or
Sludg
,
that
lyeth
frequently
in
deep
Rivers
,
which
is
very
soft
,
full
of
Eyes
and
Wrinckles
,
and
little
Shels
,
which
is
very
rich
,
yea
so
rich
,
that
in
some
parts
many
men
get
gallant
Livings
onely
by
taking
it
up
out
of
the
Rivers
and
selling
it
again
by
the
Load
;
One
sort
whereof
they
sell
for
one
shilling
two
pence
per
Load
,
The
richness
of
Snayl
Cod.
and
another
sort
they
sell
for
two
shillings
four
pence
a
Load
at
the
Rivers
side
,
which
men
fetch
twenty
Miles
an
end
for
the
Inriching
of
their
Land
for
Corn
and
Grass
;
One
Load
going
as
far
as
three
Load
of
the
best
Horse
or
Cow-dung
that
can
be
made
;
They
call
it
Snayl-Cod
,
and
it
hath
in
it
many
Snayles
and
She●s
,
which
is
conceived
occasioneth
the
Fatness
of
it
;
The
great
Experience
of
this
Piece
,
is
made
upon
that
part
of
the
River
Thames
,
which
runs
from
Oxford
and
Reading
down
to
Brainford
,
and
if
my
information
fail
not
(
which
I
conceive
I
have
from
as
good
a
hand
,
a
Gentleman
full
of
great
Experiences
in
Husbandry
Improvements
;
as
hath
not
many
Fellowes
)
The
Lord
Cottington
drawing
part
of
the
River
through
his
Park
at
Hanworth
,
hath
cut
in
the
same
River
many
Out-lets
or
Ponds
,
somewhat
deeper
than
the
River
,
on
purpose
to
receive
the
same
,
Where
the
right
Snayl
is
to
be
got
.
The
chief
River
where●n
this
Mud
lyeth
comes
from-ward
Vxbridge
by
Cole-brook
,
and
is
not
the
Thames
as
I
can
yet
discover
,
having
made
a
Journy
thither
since
I
wrote
the
aforesaid
discourse
.
from
out
of
which
is
usually
taken
up
great
store
of
Mud
for
the
Advance
of
the
Upper
Lands
,
but
whether
this
be
that
richest
Snayl-Cod
I
cannot
say
,
but
beleive
it
is
very
good
,
but
upwards
as
high
as
Cole-Brook
,
in
that
River
it
lyeth
plentifully
,
all
which
not
failing
under
mine
own
Experience
,
I
can
say
little
more
unto
for
present
,
neither
for
the
seasons
of
applying
it
unto
the
Land
,
nor
the
manner
of
working
the
Land
to
it
I
dare
not
prescribe
.
Only
hence
I
conclude
,
there
may
as
well
be
the
same
opportunity
in
most
Rivers
of
the
Nation
,
which
is
a
most
unutterable
Advantage
;
But
I
can
say
there
is
in
most
if
not
in
all
Rivers
a
very
good
Rich
Mud
,
of
great
Fruitfulness
,
which
were
it
more
sought
after
would
work
on
more
Experiments
,
and
produce
Advantage
unexpected
,
it
costing
nothing
but
labour
getting
,
nor
prejudiceth
any
,
but
profit
to
all
,
Mud
in
Rivers
of
great
use
.
by
clearing
the
Rivers
,
and
great
worth
and
vertue
it
must
needs
have
in
it
,
being
the
Soyl
of
the
Pastures
,
and
Fields
,
common
Streets
,
Wayes
,
Yards
,
and
Dung-hils
,
all
collected
by
the
Flood
,
and
drawn
thither
,
where
it
concenters
into
Shelves
and
Mines
as
I
may
so
call
it
,
and
remanines
for
ever
as
an
undiscovered
Advantage
,
where
no
use
is
made
of
it
;
but
hereof
more
,
if
God
give
opportunity
to
the
Author
of
Experimenting
both
this
,
and
others
of
the
same
nature
to
the
utmost
Advancement
of
it
otherwise
,
and
in
the
mean
while
inquire
it
out
they
self
.
CHAP.
XXIII
.
Treateth
of
the
use
,
and
nature
of
Chalk
,
Mud
of
Pooles
,
Pidgeons
and
Swines
Dung
,
and
other
Soyles
and
Manures
therein
contained
.
AS
for
Chalk
,
Bacons
Naturall
History
,
pag.
123.
Sir
Francis
Bacon
affirms
it
to
be
of
an
over-heating
nature
to
the
Land
,
and
is
best
for
Cold
&
Moyst
Land
,
but
as
it
appears
to
me
in
Hartfordshire
,
and
other
parts
thereabout
,
there
are
great
Improvements
to
be
made
upon
Barren
,
Chalk
.
Gravelly
,
Flinty
Lands
,
&
it
hath
great
Fruitfulness
in
it
,
but
not
having
faln
under
my
own
Experience
I
dare
affirm
little
therein
,
onely
advise
any
that
have
opportunity
therein
to
be
well
resolved
of
the
Fruitfulness
of
the
said
Chalk
,
or
of
the
nature
of
the
said
Lands
,
for
there
is
some
Chalk
,
though
not
very
much
thereof
;
that
is
of
so
churlish
a
binding
nature
,
that
it
will
so
sodder
and
bind
and
hold
the
Water
upon
the
top
of
the
Earth
so
long
till
it
destroy
the
Corn
,
nor
work
a
sterility
in
the
Earth
,
that
neither
Corn
or
Ground
shall
yeeld
but
little
fruit
;
but
there
is
a
Chalk
in
thousand
places
of
great
fruitfulness
for
Improvement
.
And
I
also
conceive
that
Chalk
Earth
and
Manure
,
Chalk
mixed
most
certain
.
mixed
together
,
makes
an
admirable
,
sure
,
and
naturall
fruitfull
composition
for
almost
any
sort
of
Lands
,
and
is
a
very
Excellent
Unfallible
Remedy
against
Barrenness
,
and
raiseth
Corn
in
abundance
,
&
inricheth
it
also
for
Grazing
when
you
lay
it
down
;
many
great
Countries
in
this
Nation
are
under
this
capacity
.
Also
the
Mud
of
old
standing
Pooles
,
and
Ditches
,
Mud.
the
shovelling
of
Streets
and
Yards
,
and
Highwaies
,
the
Over●warths
of
Common
Lanes
,
or
of
Commons
near
Hedges
,
is
very
good
both
,
of
it self
,
and
comp●unded
with
other
Soyl
,
Manure
,
Mud
,
or
Straw
;
And
very
much
account
made
thereof
in
some
Countries
;
nay
more
than
this
of
Manure
that
is
made
of
Horse
or
Cow
,
for
some
sorts
of
Land
,
and
some
sorts
of
Corn
,
which
I
conceive
is
for
Lands
very
Flinty
,
Stony
,
and
Gravelly
,
or
a
little
mixed
with
C●a●
amongst
then
;
as
also
for
Wheat
and
B●rley
it
is
very
natu●●ll
and
is
of
constant
use
and
great
esteem
in
Hartfordshir●
,
Ess●x
,
Sussex
,
and
divers
other
Countries
thereabout
,
and
also
to
great
Advantage
being
put
in
Execution
in
most
of
the
Counties
in
this
Nation
,
Ingenuity
not
of
such
esteem
as
a
base
Outlandish
fashion
.
if
ingenuity
was
of
as
good
esteem
among
us
all
,
as
is
a
base
Out-landish
fashion
,
for
no
sooner
can
that
be
brought
into
any
part
of
the
Country
,
but
it
will
be
dispersed
presently
into
all
the
parts
therof
;
but
such
as
these
that
are
Advantage
to
all
,
and
vastly
profitable
to
the
Practitioner
&
Common-wealth
,
are
slighted
and
little
practised
.
Earth
of
a
saltish
nature
is
fruitfull
,
especially
all
such
Earth
as
lyes
dry
,
Earth
covered
with
any
house
or
ba●n
is
rich
.
covered
with
Hovells
or
Houses
,
of
which
you
make
Salt-Peter
,
is
rich
for
Land
,
and
so
is
old
flores
under
any
buildings
.
There
are
many
other
gallant
Soyles
or
Manure
,
as
your
Pidgeons
dung
,
Pidgeons
and
Poultry
dung
little
less
inferiour
.
a
load
whereof
is
more
worth
than
twenty
shillings
in
many
parts
,
your
Hens
and
Poultry
Dung
,
that
live
of
Corn
,
is
very
excellent
,
these
being
of
a
very
hot
,
or
warm
and
brackish
nature
are
a
very
Excellent
Soyl
for
a
cold
moist-natured
Land
,
Two
Load
hereof
will
very
richly
Manure
an
Acre
;
so
is
all
Dung
,
the
more
it
is
raised
from
Corn
or
richer
matter
,
the
richer
it self
is
usually
by
far
;
as
where
Horses
are
highly
Corned
,
the
richer
is
the
dung
than
those
onely
kept
with
Hay
.
There
is
another
sort
of
Soyl
and
that
is
Swines
dung
,
Horses
well
corned
make
best
dung
.
by
most
men
accounted
the
worst
of
all
,
nay
not
worth
preserving
,
out
of
an
old
received
Tradition
taken
up
by
most
men
,
Swines
dung
most
excellent
soyl
.
upon
what
ground
I
know
not
,
and
so
generally
disliked
of
almost
every
one
,
and
therfore
they
will
not
Experiment
it
,
and
much
an
end
no
use
at
all
is
made
thereof
,
possibly
it
came
from
Scotland
,
who
knew
they
but
the
excellency
thereof
;
they
would
love
the
flesh
the
better
for
the
dungs
sake
.
Which
to
me
is
very
irrationall
,
that
an
Engl●sh
man
who
loves
Swines
flesh
so
well
,
that
more
Account
and
use
is
made
of
all
the
parts
of
him
,
rather
than
of
the
Beef
or
Sheep
,
yea
his
very
blood
and
guts
are
highly
prised
,
&
yet
the
Soyl
of
him
so
much
undervalued
.
This
Dung
is
very
rich
for
Corn
,
The
great
account
of
swines
dung
.
or
Grass
,
or
any
Land
,
yea
of
such
Accompt
to
many
Ingenuous
Husband
,
that
they
prefer
it
above
any
ordinary
Manure
whatsoever
,
therefore
they
make
their
Hogs
yards
most
compleat
with
an
high
pale
,
paved
well
with
Pibble
or
Gravell
in
the
botom
,
where
they
set
their
Troughs
partly
in
,
and
some
part
without
the
Pale
,
into
which
they
put
their
meat
;
but
the
most
neatest
Husbands
indeed
,
The
usage
of
their
Swine
and
the
making
of
the
Hogyard
.
Plant
their
Trough
without
their
Pale
or
Hog-yard
,
all
along
by
the
side
of
it
,
and
for
every
Hog
they
have
a
hole
cut
,
the
just
Proportion
of
his
head
&
Neck
,
and
cannot
get
in
his
feet
to
soyl
his
meat
,
and
out
thence
he
eates
his
meat
forth
of
the
Trough
very
cleanly
and
sweet
,
they
keep
the
Trough
also
very
clean
,
they
have
their
house
for
lodging
by
it self
with
dry
straw
alwayes
for
them
to
lye
in
,
and
their
cornish
Muskings
they
cast
into
the
yard
for
that
purpose
,
How
to
feed
Swin
,
without
any
cornish
meat
.
and
all
Garbidge
,
and
all
leaves
,
out
of
Gardens
,
and
all
Muskings
forth
of
their
Barns
,
and
of
their
Courts
,
and
Yards
,
and
great
store
of
straw
or
weeds
,
and
Fearn
,
or
any
thing
for
the
Swine
to
root
amongst
,
to
make
all
the
Dung
they
can
into
the
yard
for
raysing
dung
,
and
here
they
keep
their
Swine
the
year
round
,
never
suffering
them
to
go
one
day
abroad
,
and
here
your
dayry
Husbands
or
Huswives
,
will
feed
them
as
fat
as
Pease
,
or
Beanes
,
and
are
of
opinion
that
they
feed
better
,
and
Eatter
,
and
with
less
meat
,
than
when
they
are
abroad
with
all
their
Grass
they
spoil
;
Which
I
did
more
than
three
quarters
believe
,
but
now
know
it
to
be
true
of
my
own
knowledge
.
Some
Hog-yards
will
yeeld
you
forty
,
fifty
,
some
sixty
,
some
eighty
Load
,
and
some
more
of
Excellent
Manure
of
ten
or
twelve
Swine
;
which
they
value
every
Load
worth
about
two
shillings
six
pence
a
Load
in
their
very
yards
,
&
prize
it
above
any
other
;
This
is
practised
much
about
Kings
norton
,
both
in
the
Counties
of
Worcester
and
Warwick
,
and
in
many
other
parts
,
as
in
Cheshire
,
Staffordshire
,
Darbyshire
,
also
I
beleeve
An
Excellent
Piece
of
husbandry
;
I
speak
Experimentally
hereof
,
having
made
great
Advantage
my self
hereby
,
and
do
far
more
prize
it
,
than
suffering
Swine
to
run
and
course
abroad
,
knowing
that
rest
,
quiet
,
and
sleep
,
with
drink
,
and
lesser
meat
will
sooner
feed
any
creature
than
more
meat
with
liberty
to
run
and
course
about
into
harms
and
wash
off
what
they
get
with
their
meat
,
with
their
vexing
and
running
up
and
down
,
and
do
advise
as
thou
valewest
thy
own
advantage
;
some
good
dairies
will
make
the
soyl
of
their
Hogyard
produce
them
twenty
or
thirty
pounds
worth
of
profit
in
a
year
.
As
for
Rags
of
all
sorts
there
is
good
vertue
in
them
,
Ragg●
.
they
are
carried
far
and
laid
upon
the
Lands
and
have
in
them
a
warming
Improving
temper
,
one
good
Load
will
go
as
far
as
half
a
dozen
or
more
of
the
best
Cow
Dung
,
Coarse
Wooll
,
Woo's
.
Nippings
,
and
Tarry
Pitchmarks
,
a
little
whereof
will
do
an
Acre
of
Land
,
there
is
great
vertue
in
them
.
I
beleeve
one
Load
herof
will
exceedingly
well
Manure
half
an
Acre
,
Marrow-bones
,
or
Fish-bones
,
Horn
or
shavings
of
Horn
,
or
Broaths
made
of
Beef
,
Meat
or
Fish
,
Marrowbone
.
or
any
other
thing
whatsoever
,
that
hath
any
Liquidness
,
Oyliness
,
or
Fatness
,
have
a
wonderfull
vertue
in
them
,
let
all
be
precious
to
thee
,
Beef
Broa●h
?
and
preserved
,
for
every
little
adds
too
,
and
helps
in
the
Common
stock
,
and
he
that
wil
not
be
faithful
in
a
little
,
will
not
be
faithfull
in
a
greater
quantity
,
as
is
alway
seen
by
constant
●xperience
.
As
for
Sheep-Dung
,
Sheeps-Dung
.
Cow-dung
,
and
Horse-Dung
,
such
old
ordinary
Soyl
;
I
intend
to
say
little
;
in
regard
the
Common
use
thereof
,
which
hath
extracted
the
vertue
and
excellency
to
the
Common-wealths
great
advantage
,
onely
thus
much
I
shall
say
by
way
of
advise
and
reproof
from
my
own
Experience
.
1.
By
way
of
advic
Prize
them
according
to
their
worth
:
The
Sheeps
●ung
is
best
,
and
a
little
hereof
is
of
more
strength
and
heart
than
the
others
are
,
but
whether
it
arise
from
the
rich
,
and
pure
nature
of
the
Dung
,
or
from
the
warmth
of
the
Sheeps
bodies
,
I
know
not
,
but
I
conceive
from
both
,
because
it
warmes
the
Land
&
makes
it
comfortable
;
And
therfore
in
regard
of
the
worth
and
excellency
of
Sheeps
dung
,
and
in
regard
of
the
great
want
of
soyl
,
i
'll
discourse
a
little
more
at
large
of
a
very
good
way
to
raise
easily
great
quantities
of
soyl
,
How
with
great
ease
to
raise
rich
dung
.
and
that
very
good
and
excellent
,
by
the
help
of
one
good
flock
of
Sheep
,
and
that
in
the
winter
too
,
when
soulding
is
more
neglected
and
of
le●●er
use
:
though
I
proposed
it
in
the
first
Edition
,
yet
because
I
set
not
forth
the
way
of
raising
it
,
I
fear
occasions
the
neglect
of
it
.
It
is
but
to
make
a
good
large
Seep-house
for
the
housing
of
thy
Sheep
in
Winter
,
the
comfort
it
will
be
unto
thy
Sheep
,
will
be
double
worth
thy
house
charge
,
which
may
be
Sheep-cribbed
round
about
and
in
the
middle
too
,
to
fother
them
in
the
nights
,
herein
once
a
week
,
or
twice
according
as
thou
desirest
the
quantity
of
muck
to
rise
,
or
according
to
the
goodness
of
it
thou
expectest
,
bring
in
severall
Loades
of
Sands
either
out
of
the
streets
or
wayes
,
or
from
a
sand-pit
or
mine
once
or
twiee
a
week
,
and
lay
it
three
or
four
inches
thick
,
this
renew
every
week
or
more
and
let
them
sit
on
it
two
or
three
or
four
nights
or
more
,
and
keep
this
with
renewing
as
oft
as
thou
pleasest
,
and
what
with
their
heat
and
warmth
of
their
bodies
and
the
fatness
of
their
dung
and
urine
,
they
will
so
corrupt
or
putrify
the
Sand
,
that
it
will
turn
to
excellent
rich
soyl
,
and
go
very
far
upon
thy
Land
,
and
be
far
more
serviceable
than
thou
canst
conceive
;
This
of
great
use
in
Flanders
and
other
parts
of
the
World
.
And
for
your
Horse
Dung
that
is
held
to
be
too
hot
,
Horse
Dungs
Excellency
.
but
I
never
sensibly
discern
any
inconveniences
therein
,
especially
where
it
is
feared
,
let
it
be
but
well
Wroxed
or
Rotten
,
and
I
conceive
it
is
one
of
the
best
compost
of
Land
,
and
I
am
sure
,
if
it
be
Soyl
of
Horses
,
or
Stables
where
is
much
Corn
given
,
it
is
more
hearty
and
rich
by
far
,
than
that
where
Horses
live
of
Hay
onely
;
And
for
Cow-Dung
t
is
as
wel
known
by
all
,
both
in
nature
and
use
,
that
I
'll
save
further
trouble
.
2.
But
by
way
of
reproof
of
one
Piece
of
Husbandry
in
the
applying
these
three
sorts
of
Dung
to
Land
,
I
say
,
Men
are
mistaken
in
that
they
indeavour
not
all
possible
Expedition
in
laying
their
Dung
upon
their
Land
,
when
once
they
begin
,
A
great
mistake
in
letting
soyl
be
uncovered
.
and
in
spreading
of
it
as
soon
as
laid
on
,
and
Plowing
of
it
into
the
Land
as
soon
as
spread
,
for
if
my
Judgement
fail
not
,
they
lose
a
great
part
of
the
Fruit
,
Sap
,
and
Vertue
therof
,
that
carry
it
forth
into
their
Land
about
Midsummer
,
or
in
that
heat
of
Summer
,
and
spread
it
all
over
their
Land
,
and
so
let
it
lye
open
to
the
Air
and
drying
Winds
,
and
parching
Sun
,
and
Showres
,
which
comming
hastily
help
to
wash
it
off
their
Land
,
and
thus
lyeth
for
a
month
or
six
weeks
before
they
Plough
it
into
their
Lands
,
all
over
the
Field
or
County
,
and
many
places
more
,
which
besides
the
Raynes
washing
away
,
consider
but
the
Winds
drying
,
and
the
Sun
and
Pearching
,
and
Scorching
of
it
,
&
Exhaling
,
and
Drawing
away
the
Spirit
of
it
,
&
then
tell
me
the
Excellency
of
this
Husbandry
;
to
me
it
seems
not
rationall
,
I
le
submit
to
better
Judgements
,
they
that
are
of
a
contrary
opinion
,
I
desire
them
to
shew
me
Reason
,
and
inform
me
better
;
And
til
I
know
better
I
desire
to
be
excused
.
And
for
their
Sheeps
Dung
,
as
soon
as
ever
one
Land
is
foulded
,
let
the
Soyl
be
covered
immediately
,
let
the
season
or
weather
be
what
it
will
:
Also
in
the
Manuring
your
Green-Soard
or
Grass
Land
,
do
little
in
the
Summer
,
but
either
in
the
latter
end
of
it
,
after
September
,
or
else
all
Winter
long
is
the
proper
season
,
when
it
may
have
rain
to
beat
it
into
the
ground
,
or
Frost
to
wrot
it
and
dissolve
it
;
And
though
sudden
showers
will
wash
some
away
,
How
to
lose
none
of
the
least
benefit
in
mucking
any
Land
notwithstanding
Land-floods
.
which
is
far
less
upon
Grass
ground
than
Tillage
,
yet
if
thou
have
any
Land
both
below
or
under
that
thou
Manurest
,
thou
needest
not
lose
the
least
benefit
,
if
thou
please
to
turn
it
over
,
and
let
it
float
thy
other
Land
,
with
that
which
the
Land-flood
otherwise
would
carry
away
;
And
this
course
some
Ingenuous
Husbands
hold
in
all
their
Lands
,
What
Rain
or
Land-floods
fall
in
their
overgrounds
,
Some
lose
no
La●d
flood
at
all
.
they
carry
into
the
next
below
that
,
and
float
there
,
then
what
falls
in
that
,
with
the
rest
of
that
which
is
a
floating
there
they
carry
into
the
next
,
&
so
into
the
lowest
,
&
so
will
not
lose
so
much
as
the
advantage
of
a
common
Ditch
that
carries
the
least
Land-flood
with
it
,
but
this
falls
in
occasionally
here
,
&
therfore
no
more
hereof
.
Mault
dust
is
exceeding
Rich
for
Corn-land
,
and
one
load
being
sowed
,
as
you
do
,
or
with
your
Corn
,
will
goe
as
far
as
six
load
or
more
of
good
Dung
.
Mans
Urine
is
of
great
worth
,
Vrine
of
mankind
usefull
for
Lands
.
this
wil
fatten
Land
more
than
you
are
aware
of
,
&
it
were
not
ill
Husbandry
to
take
all
Opportunities
to
preserve
it
for
thy
Land
.
Of
this
somwhat
is
said
before
,
therefore
no
more
thereof
,
onely
I
have
read
of
a
good
woman
of
Kent
,
that
preserved
it
,
&
sprinkled
her
Meadow
with
it
,
which
occasioned
such
fruitfulness
(
though
at
first
a
little
yellowish
)
that
some
of
her
Neighbours
went
about
to
accuse
her
of
Witchcraft
.
Ashes
also
have
a
secret
vertue
and
operation
,
Ashes
.
of
what
nature
soever
or
sort
,
that
are
burned
throughly
to
dust
,
but
your
Wood-ashes
are
best
,
&
usefull
for
Soyl
and
Compost
.
Soot
.
Soot
also
hath
a
vertue
of
Fruitfulness
for
Field
or
Garden
as
some
affirm
,
but
I
conceive
the
most
proper
soyl
for
Gardens
are
your
Sheep-dung
,
your
Hen-muck
,
and
Pidgeons-dung
,
with
your
well
rotted
Horse-muck
,
especially
for
cold
Land
;
or
else
the
rich
Mould
,
or
any
good
Manure
that
is
grown
to
Mould
,
is
as
good
and
naturall
as
any
of
the
aforesaid
Soyles
,
provided
you
lay
good
store
of
it
theron
;
&
so
also
I
conceive
it
is
best
for
your
Or●hards
,
or
young
Nurceries
of
Fruit
Trees
,
but
of
neither
Garden
nor
Orchards
Advance
is
my
design
for
present
,
and
so
no
more
of
that
,
much
may
be
hereafter
.
Ouse
,
Best
Manure
for
Gardens
.
or
a
kind
of
fat
Earth
in
Marsh
Ditces
,
is
of
excellent
use
for
stony
,
gravelly
,
flinty
or
chalky
Lands
;
there
is
an
Earth
or
Mud
got
upon
the
River
Ware
in
Hartfordshire
near
Walton
of
very
good
use
and
advantage
for
soyl
.
Stubble
Stubb●e
,
or
Straw
.
of
all
sorts
,
and
other
Vegetables
,
the
more
in
quantity
,
or
Straw
,
or
Hay
,
fothered
upon
the
Land
is
very
helpfull
&
of
good
use
with
every
Husbandman
,
that
I
need
say
no
more
thereof
.
Sir
Francis
Bacon
is
of
opinion
,
Salts
effect
.
that
Salt
mingled
with
Corn
hath
a
very
good
operation
being
sowed
with
the
Corn
,
which
possibly
may
,
because
brakishness
is
fruitfull
to
the
Lane
.
Also
that
Chalk
and
Lime
sowed
with
the
Corn
is
very
helpfull
,
&
that
steeping
your
Corn
in
fat
Water
,
Lime-water
,
of
Dung-hill
Water
,
hath
a
wonderfull
effect
to
work
strange
things
;
Of
all
which
my self
having
not
made
full
Experience
:
can
find
no
more
Advantage
the
Chalk
or
Lime
in
substance
,
How
much
Liming
Corn
,
or
watering
Corn
advanceth
it
.
or
so
much
as
is
added
of
therein
than
just
so
much
as
is
added
to
the
Corn
,
either
of
the
Soyl
or
Fatness
of
either
of
the
Waters
,
and
no
more
;
For
having
made
a
thorough
triall
thereof
,
found
no
otherwise
,
nor
nothing
of
that
great
Advantage
promised
;
But
let
not
me
prejudice
any
Ingenious
trialls
of
the
same
,
others
may
find
more
,
possibly
I
might
miss
in
the
manner
of
my
application
,
search
it
out
throughly
I
beseech
you
.
As
for
Oyl
,
Oyl
the
fruit
thereof
.
I
am
confident
it
is
of
a
very
Inriching
nature
to
Land
or
Corn
,
but
whether
the
Cost
required
will
be
requited
I
leave
to
Experience
,
for
I
have
not
forgotten
the
Oyling-Corn
Patentee
,
that
great
design
to
so
little
purpose
;
who
drew
so
many
Scholars
after
him
,
but
I
had
the
happiness
to
escape
him
and
his
Patent
too
,
though
some
paid
dear
for
it
.
The
Leave
of
Trees
laid
together
,
Leaves
of
T●e●●
.
or
cast
into
some
High-way
,
or
Water-flows
,
or
mingled
with
other
Soyles
,
will
make
very
good
Compost
also
.
Also
Fearn
,
or
Rushes
,
Fearn
or
Rushes
will
make
soyl
.
Thistles
,
or
any
coarse
straw
,
or
Trash
whatever
,
flung
,
or
cast
into
the
Fothering-yards
,
among
your
Cribs
under
your
Cattell
,
will
be
both
good
Litter
to
lay
your
Cattell
dry
and
warm
,
and
will
make
very
good
soyl
,
as
all
good
husbands
know
.
Some
more
particulars
may
be
spoke
too
,
and
some
further
directions
given
,
but
I
'll
forbear
●xperiencing
these
,
will
work
out
more
discoveries
.
So
much
for
this
Fifth
Piece
.
The
Sixt
Parcell
or
Pice
,
which
is
a
new
Erection
,
or
Plantation
of
divers
sorts
of
Wood
,
and
Timber
,
in
such
a
way
as
shall
raise
as
much
in
twenty
yeares
growth
,
as
usually
and
naturally
groweth
in
forty
or
fis●ie
▪
years
,
whereby
the
Draynes
or
Ruins
of
Wood
in
this
Nation
may
be
gallantly
repaired
,
and
severall
Groves
or
Plumps
of
Trees
may
be
Erected
about
any
Manour
,
House
,
or
Place
,
for
delight
and
pleasure
;
And
in
such
severall
formes
as
men
desire
,
and
as
much
Wood
for
quantity
raised
in
one
Acre
,
as
is
usually
in
three
,
four
,
or
five
Acres
of
our
usuall
Copices
,
or
Spring
Woods
in
most
parts
of
this
Nation
.
As
also
how
to
thicken
those
Spring-woods
that
grow
so
thinne
,
as
usually
most
doe
,
whereby
they
might
be
made
as
thick
again
,
and
yet
not
hinder
the
growth
thereof
.
CHAP.
XXIV
.
Speakes
of
the
nature
of
the
Land
,
and
sheweth
the
severall
sorts
of
Wood
,
and
how
to
plot
out
the
same
to
most
delight
.
TO
which
purpose
let
all
men
use
their
utmost
endeavours
and
skill
to
lay
their
Woods
and
Coppices
,
or
Spring
of
Woods
,
as
dry
as
possibly
they
can
,
for
Wet
and
Coldness
is
as
prejudiciall
and
offensive
to
the
fruitfulness
,
thereof
,
as
it
is
to
Corn
or
Grass
,
or
any
Fruit-Trees
,
whether
Apples
,
Peares
,
Plums
,
Cherries
,
&c.
All
which
though
every
man
indeavours
little
herein
,
and
though
to
their
ancient
Spring-Woods
little
opportunity
can
be
gained
,
yet
what
can
be
gained
hereto
prosecute
it
,
as
of
great
Advantage
.
And
for
a
new
Erection
of
W●od
,
where
never
any
grew
and
raising
of
a
new
Plantation
,
which
is
one
of
my
main
designs
,
a
Piece
so
little
practised
,
which
before
I
have
fully
ended
,
you
will
wonder
it
should
have
been
so
much
neglected
being
so
feacible
.
Therefore
when
thou
hast
designed
a
Piece
or
Plot
of
ground
thereto
,
which
should
be
dry
,
sound
,
and
pretty
hearty
,
thou
needest
not
much
matter
what
nature
of
Land
it
be
;
so
that
thou
canst
but
get
two
Spade-graft
,
or
one
and
an
half
of
good
Earth
,
before
thou
either
come
to
the
strong
Clay
or
Land
,
yea
though
it
have
some
Gravell
,
or
Stones
,
be
it
but
well
mixed
with
good
Earth
;
it
may
do
well
,
yea
best
of
all
,
because
of
hollowness
and
lightness
of
it
,
though
it
should
be
very
boggy
Land
,
yet
if
it
have
any
richness
of
nature
or
heart
in
it
,
thou
shalt
find
a
marveilous
suitableness
therein
,
to
make
a
very
good
Improvement
this
way
,
yet
the
most
natural
Land
hereto
in
the
Experiences
I
have
made
or
seen
,
is
your
warm
,
open
,
gravelly
,
sound
Land
,
the
richer
the
better
,
as
aforesaid
.
When
thou
wouldest
plot
out
thy
Land
thou
designest
to
plant
,
The
most
naturall
Land
to
plant
with
Wood.
which
thou
mayst
cast
out
if
thou
aim
at
thy
delight
and
pleasure
onely
,
either
in
t
a
square
,
consisting
of
four
Equall
sides
or
e●se
into
a
Triangle
,
having
but
three
equall
sides
or
else
into
a
long
square
,
How
to
cast
our
thy
Wood-plots
for
pleasure
.
which
hath
two
equall
sides
longer
,
and
two
equall
sides
shorter
,
or
an
Ovall
Capacity
,
or
else
into
a
Circular
plot
either
as
thy
phantasie
leads
thee
,
or
if
thou
mindest
onely
thy
profit
,
and
intendest
onely
to
raise
Wood
for
thy
use
,
&
increase
,
and
the
Countries
service
,
it
matters
not
into
what
form
thou
cast
it
into
;
how
ever
seeing
the
first
is
as
easie
&
no
more
chargeable
,
to
cast
or
lot
out
thy
Wood
into
an
Artificial
uniformable
plot
as
to
do
it
rudely
or
confusedly
▪
I
rather
advice
it
but
press
it
not
,
Method
and
con●usion
to
thee
bring
of
an
equal
price
,
and
probably
be
the
cheaper
▪
no
further
than
as
to
the
Gallantary
and
delightfulness
of
it
,
or
thy
spirit
thereto
,
wherein
may
be
as
much
pleasure
,
Delight
and
Recreation
,
as
in
your
curious
Gardens
,
Orchards
,
Walks
and
Bowers
,
especially
being
planted
about
a
Mannor
House
;
or
dwelling
place
,
for
warmth
in
Winter
,
&
shaddow
&
Coolness
in
the
summer
;
for
which
Advantages
many
of
the
nobles
&
Gentry
to
this
Nation
would
give
great
sums
to
purchase
;
How
to
cast
out
thy
plot
into
most
delightfull
divisions
.
Which
herby
may
be
obtained
at
an
easier
rate
.
Therefore
having
cast
thy
Land
into
any
of
the
plots
aforesaid
except
the
Circular
,
which
I
conceive
of
least
suitableness
of
all
to
this
work
,
then
suppose
it
be
ten
,
twenty
,
or
thirty
Acres
,
I
suppose
less
,
if
thou
cast
it
into
a
Square
or
Triangle
,
or
Ovall
way
,
then
having
found
the
midle
of
it
,
thou
mayst
if
thou
please
,
cast
out
a
Circular
round
Plot
or
Ovall
,
containing
either
a
ninth
part
,
or
a
seaventeenth
part
,
or
but
a
fifth
part
;
and
that
Incompass
in
with
a
little
Ditch
,
well
quieksetted
with
thorn
,
and
here
and
there
an
Ash
,
Oak
,
Elm
,
or
Witchazell
,
reserving
a
Grass-plot
to
walk
round
about
,
of
fifteen
or
eighteen
Foot
wide
,
and
then
equally
divide
the
rest
into
so
many
parts
as
thou
intendest
severall
falls
therein
,
&
every
Division
seperate
with
a
walk
,
or
Grass-Plot
betwixt
them
,
containing
fifteen
or
eighteen
Foot
wideness
,
which
will
serve
as
a
Cart-way
,
or
Passage
,
to
fetch
out
thy
Wood
at
every
fall
,
as
well
as
for
walks
for
thy
recreation
,
because
in
this
manner
of
Planting
,
thou
canst
not
Cart
along
thy
Wood
,
as
thou
dost
along
thy
us●all
spring
Woods
,
but
onely
along
thy
Borders
,
which
when
thou
hast
so
divied
all
by
Ditches
which
make
thy
Divisions
,
thou
may
if
thou
pleasest
to
cast
thy
Banks
outward
,
Planting
Strawberyes
,
is
excellent
and
set
thy
Hedge
inward
,
Plant
the
Banks
with
Strawberies
,
which
will
delight
themselves
herein
,
&
grow
fruitfully
,
either
on
the
Sun
or
shady
sides
.
Now
when
thou
hast
plotted
out
thy
ground
,
prepare
for
Planting
,
and
first
inquire
,
and
search
about
the
Country
for
Set-gatherers
,
such
as
will
bring
them
every
two
days
fresh
,
for
the
fresh
gathering
&
sudden
setting
of
them
in
their
places
,
is
of
more
Advantage
to
the
furtherance
of
the
growth
,
than
thou
Imaginest
.
Secondly
prepare
such
Servants
here
as
will
not
deceive
thee
;
How
to
get
thy
se●s
for
planting
.
And
avoid
the
getting
of
Eaten
,
Bitten
,
Rough
,
and
Brushy
,
all
being
unproveable
sets
,
receive
them
not
,
but
give
them
such
wages
as
they
may
afford
to
get
such
as
are
fruitfull
and
proveable
,
and
if
possible
get
them
from
off
as
hard
Land
,
as
thou
Plantest
them
upon
,
however
be
sure
they
be
thriving
smooth
Rooted
,
or
smooth
Barked
sets
,
of
what
sort
soever
they
be
,
&
as
straight
as
possibly
thou
canst
procure
.
Thirdly
,
for
the
severall
sorts
of
Wood
quickest
in
rising
and
growing
,
The
quickest
growing
wood
.
generally
are
your
soft
Woods
;
as
Poplar
,
Willows
,
Asp
,
Sicamores
,
Maples
,
Witchazell
,
&c.
your
Ash
is
a
gallant
thriving
Wood
also
,
and
indeed
for
quickness
,
and
profit
too
,
it
is
the
best
in
my
opinion
,
some
good
Oak
set
will
do
very
well
,
and
Elm
also
towards
your
outsides
;
but
if
thou
resolvest
to
be
a
Planter
to
purpose
,
then
thou
must
be
a
sower
of
all
Seeds
of
the
severall
Woods
aforesaid
,
or
setter
of
many
Sciens
,
and
a
Breeder
up
of
Nu●ceries
continually
,
for
indeed
were
Planting
more
in
fashion
,
Sets
would
prove
very
scarce
,
which
now
for
present
are
plentifull
eno●gh
,
and
in
most
part
of
the
Nation
may
be
had
for
two
shillings
,
or
two
shillings
six
pence
a
thousand
,
some
more
some
less
according
to
the
goodness
and
bigness
of
them
,
and
dearness
of
the
Country
for
workmens
wages
,
&
indeed
the
lesser
the
sets
the
more
certain
of
growing
,
but
the
bigger
they
are
,
What
Sets
are
best
.
the
fatter
,
and
sooner
they
rise
to
their
growth
,
only
some
of
them
may
fail
.
Fourthly
,
having
prepared
thy
Sets
,
then
set
to
Planting
of
them
,
which
I
advise
after
this
manner
.
All
thy
Borders
made
,
or
but
cast
out
,
thy
Sets
must
be
all
Planted
in
the
same
way
as
thou
wouldst
Plant
,
How
to
plant
thy
Sets
.
or
as
usually
men
do
Plant
a
Thorn
hedge
:
First
cast
up
by
a
Line
a
little
Ditch
about
two
foot
and
half
,
or
three
Foot
broad
,
just
so
deep
and
but
a
little
deeper
than
thou
canst
take
up
good
mould
,
and
so
as
all
Labourers
begin
their
turning
Turfdo
thou
,
and
then
lay
up
a
little
mould
,
How
to
make
thy
Dike
to
Plant
thy
Sets
in
.
and
there
lay
thy
first
Row
of
Sets
,
some
say
three
Sets
in
each
Foot
,
but
I
conceive
if
thy
Sets
be
good
two
may
do
very
well
,
then
cover
them
.
Secondly
,
raise
another
Border
about
nine
Inches
above
that
,
thy
Mould
or
Bank
layed
well
ashore
,
or
sloaping
,
and
there
plant
another
Row
:
and
cover
them
well
also
,
as
men
do
their
second
Row
of
Quick-sets
.
Therdly
,
How
to
plant
thy
Quick
,
and
mould
them
also
.
cast
up
another
Dike
against
that
like
a
double
Dike
,
so
as
both
may
meet
together
upon
the
Top
,
and
lye
close
together
,
and
then
plant
two
Rows
more
of
Quick
as
was
directed
on
the
other
side
,
and
if
thou
hast
any
quantity
of
space
,
betwixt
thy
two
upper
Rows
of
Quick
,
thou
maist
plant
one
Row
upon
the
Top
,
or
two
,
if
thou
seest
cause
,
if
thou
hast
room
to
spare
;
And
so
thou
must
go
on
throughout
thy
whole
Plantation
,
a
Dike
and
a
Land
or
Bank
,
and
again
another
Dike
and
a
Land
,
and
so
throughout
.
And
be
sure
however
thou
do
,
to
plant
all
thy
Sets
in
the
over-most
best
Mould
or
Earth
,
that
thy
Sets
may
neither
root
in
stiffe-binding
Clay
:
nor
hungry
Sand
,
and
fear
not
,
leave
no
Land
undigged
or
unwrought
,
nor
plant
none
in
Green-soard
by
no
meanes
.
'T
is
a
simple
Piece
I
confess
to
make
good
the
issue
promised
,
but
when
thou
hast
proved
the
truth
of
it
,
then
thou
shalt
be
better
able
to
judge
of
it
.
Many
Objections
wil
be
raised
against
it
,
but
let
not
the
simplicity
thereof
offend
thee
;
for
I
shall
assure
thee
,
I
will
give
thee
such
a
President
before
I
have
done
;
and
leave
the
thing
so
clear
,
that
there
shall
not
be
left
the
least
cause
of
Suspition
.
CHAP.
XXV
.
Answereth
severall
Objections
against
this
Projection
,
and
gives
a
President
for
making
good
the
same
.
THat
you
will
lay
your
Land
so
dry
and
deprive
your
Sets
of
all
Moysture
;
that
it
is
Impossible
they
should
grow
at
all
,
Object
.
especially
in
dry
,
sandy
,
or
gravelly
Land
,
much
less
to
grow
to
such
an
Increase
as
is
promised
.
Hath
two
branches
;
First
all
Sets
and
Plants
for
the
most
part
require
Soundness
,
Ans.
1.
and
warmness
,
and
were
many
of
our
Spring
Woods
more
dry
and
warm
,
they
would
prosper
much
the
better
,
although
much
dry
,
haskey
,
sandy
,
hungry
Land
doth
not
many
times
afford
a
thick
Coppice
,
or
good
Spring
,
which
is
especially
occasioned
by
reason
of
the
Barrenness
of
the
Land
,
and
the
ill
Husbandring
of
the
Spring
after
falling
,
not
Preserving
of
it
from
Cattells
brusing
of
it
,
as
wil
appear
more
fully
before
this
discourse
be
ended
.
But
secondly
,
Experience
shews
the
same
,
that
upon
a
sandy
gravell
Land
,
Ans.
2.
all
the
aforesaid
Woods
prosper
exceedingly
in
the
way
of
the
aforesaid
Planting
,
in
so
much
that
should
I
tell
you
the
Experience
thereof
,
you
would
a
little
wonder
at
it
.
A
new
Erection
planted
twelve
yeares
sithence
,
2.
at
the
Eleventh
years
end
,
a
Fall
was
made
,
&
so
much
Wood
cut
upon
the
same
as
was
worth
or
sold
for
sixty
pounds
an
Acre
or
more
;
it
was
much
Pole-wood
,
yea
a
good
part
of
it
made
Spars
,
A
President
of
Wood
planted
that
one
Acre
was
worth
60.
at
11
years
growth
.
and
some
part
of
it
small
building
Timber
,
that
a
Gentleman
of
that
County
builded
himself
part
of
a
very
good
Barn
,
the
whole
Roof
of
it
with
that
Timber
;
and
this
year
was
another
Sale
of
Eleaven
years
growth
of
as
good
a
Value
,
the
Land
it
was
planted
on
was
worth
about
ten
shillings
per
Acre
,
and
every
Acre
cost
somwhat
under
seven
pound
an
Acre
,
al
Digging
,
Quick-sets
,
and
all
charges
in
the
Planting
of
it
;
What
an
Acre
costs
plenting
.
And
the
second
Crop
they
make
accompt
will
be
as
good
at
eight
years
growth
;
And
to
me
it
seems
possible
it
may
,
if
not
better
,
This
President
is
at
Billing
at
the
Earl
of
Thomunds
in
Northamptonshire
,
managed
by
a
most
Ingenuous
Gentleman
called
Mr.
Cartwright
.
This
way
of
Planting
will
certainly
be
so
thick
,
Object
▪
that
they
cannot
prosper
one
by
another
,
or
else
it
is
Impossible
the
Earth
should
yeeld
Fruit
,
Heart
,
or
Sap
,
to
so
thick
a
Plantation
.
Your
Spring-woods
,
in
some
parts
of
them
grow
as
thick
,
Ans.
1.
especially
where
your
old
Roots
grow
so
thick
,
as
you
can
scarce
set
one
foot
betwixt
them
,
and
every
Root
may
send
forth
twenty
or
forty
Spineyes
,
and
yet
all
nourished
from
the
Earth
,
&
these
Stools
they
grow
upon
also
.
Secondly
,
I
answer
that
Experience
hath
also
made
it
good
as
aforsaid
;
Ans.
2.
For
other
Planters
in
these
parts
Planted
a
foot
or
more
asunder
,
and
yet
came
not
near
this
,
nor
is
neither
half
so
much
in
quantity
;
Nor
yet
the
other
thinner
Plantation
,
although
little
or
never
the
whit
the
bigger
,
or
taller
than
this
,
which
is
so
thick
Planted
,
nor
never
worth
so
much
by
the
Acre
of
many
more
years
growth
,
as
this
at
the
Eleventh
year
.
And
for
the
effecting
of
this
Design
,
thou
must
take
in
two
or
three
more
particulars
,
one
is
a
strict
Observation
of
the
Season
in
Planting
;
And
then
secondly
your
Demeanure
towards
it
after
Planted
.
First
,
The
Seasons
are
as
soon
as
the
Leafe
is
faln
,
the
earlier
the
better
,
fail
not
to
be
well
prepared
of
Materials
to
begin
with
November
,
and
so
thou
mayst
continue
three
months
compleat
untill
the
end
of
Ianuary
,
and
possibly
some
part
of
February
,
but
it
is
somewhat
hazardous
,
and
may
exceedingly
fail
thy
Expectation
.
And
for
the
Moons
Increasing
,
or
Declining
,
matter
it
not
at
all
,
nor
any
Season
,
Wet
or
Dry
,
Frost
or
Snow
,
so
thy
Labourers
can
but
work
,
No
Observation
of
the
Moon
.
Eccl.
11.
4
,
5
,
6.
and
be
sure
that
what
Sets
be
gathered
one
day
,
may
be
s●t
the
next
if
possibly
,
or
next
after
;
And
shouldst
thou
be
occasioned
by
any
hindrance
,
to
keep
thy
sets
longer
Unset
,
be
thou
sure
thou
get
their
Roots
into
the
ground
,
well
covered
with
good
Mould
until●
thou
canst
set
them
,
and
be
not
drawn
away
to
the
contrary
by
any
Workmans
perswasion
whatsoever
,
for
though
the
lying
out
of
Mould
of
Unset
,
do
not
kill
them
,
yet
will
it
so
backen
them
that
thou
mayst
lose
a
full
half
years
growth
in
them
.
Secondly
,
Thy
Ground
thus
planted
,
thou
must
be
careful
in
the
Weeding
of
it
,
Weeding
most
necessary
.
for
I
know
no
greater
cause
of
this
so
great
Advance
than
this
;
The
keeping
of
the
Ground
clean
from
Weeds
,
and
as
mellow
and
open
as
possibly
,
which
will
cause
the
Roots
to
shoot
exceedingly
,
and
the
Plant
to
grow
abundantly
,
thou
must
for
the
first
&
second
year
prize
it
,
and
dress
it
almost
as
a
Garden
;
And
therefore
be
sure
thou
preserve
it
from
any
Beast
,
Horse
,
or
Sheep
biting
it
,
in
the
least
measure
;
should
Cattell
break
in
they
would
destroy
one
yeares
growth
in
a
moment
.
As
for
Boggy
Land
,
much
of
it
that
is
perfectly
Drained
to
the
bottom
,
Boggy-Land
will
bring
forth
a
Plantation
of
Wood.
that
is
little
worth
will
nourish
a
Plantation
of
Wood
to
good
Advantage
,
especially
your
Poplar
,
and
Willow
,
and
Alder
,
your
Ash
will
grow
well
also
;
But
therein
you
must
observe
to
make
your
Dikes
and
Draines
so
deep
that
you
may
lay
it
compleatly
dry
,
you
must
goe
under
all
your
Bog
,
to
the
cold
spewing-Spring
&
near
a
foot
below
that
,
&
then
what
you
plant
upon
the
Bogs
or
Lands
you
may
expect
a
wonderfull
issue
:
'T
is
very
common
in
four
or
five
years
that
the
Willow
rises
to
gallant
Hurdle-wood
,
&
in
five
or
six
yeares
,
to
Abundance
of
Fire-wood
,
and
small
Pole
for
Hops
,
and
other
Uses
.
One
Acre
of
new
Planted
Willow
upon
some
Land
not
worth
two
shillings
an
Acre
,
may
in
Seven
years
be
worth
near
about
five
pound
,
in
some
parts
an
Acre
;
and
in
some
parts
of
this
Nation
more
.
And
I
verily
beleeve
were
all
the
Bog-Lands
in
England
thus
planted
,
and
Husbandred
well
,
after
these
Directions
,
might
raise
Woood
enough
to
maintain
a
great
part
of
this
Nation
in
Firing
;
and
for
other
sorts
of
Wood
,
the
well
Ordering
&
Nourishing
it
,
although
in
Lands
so
bad
,
would
produce
a
wonderfull
profit
far
more
than
I
will
speak
of
.
And
I
suppose
,
What
one
Acre
of
Willow
Planted
on
Boggy
Lands
may
be
worth
.
he
is
no
ill
Husband
that
can
raise
a
bog
to
a
double
advance
,
considering
some
of
them
are
worse
than
nothing
;
But
when
they
are
so
exceeding
Coarse
and
barren
you
cannot
expect
such
Fruitfulness
ordvance
;
as
from
that
Land
that
is
of
a
fatter
or
better
nature
;
For
certain
all
plants
and
Woods
will
do
much
better
,
on
better
Land
than
on
coarser
;
and
in
case
thou
shouldst
bestow
Soyl
or
Manure
on
thy
Land
before
thou
Plant
it
,
it
would
be
both
Labour
and
Cost
exceeding
well
bestowed
and
conduce
much
to
the
nourishing
of
a
young
Plantation
.
Now
shall
follow
a
piece
or
Device
how
to
thicken
your
Springs
or
Coppices
,
How
to
thick
Woods
that
grow
too
thi●
.
where
they
grow
thin
or
are
decayed
;
Which
fully
observed
,
may
doubly
improve
the
same
,
&
such
a
way
is
here
projected
as
is
little
used
in
any
Woods
where
I
ever
yet
came
,
and
as
unlikely
also
to
any
thing
I
have
yet
spoken
unto
,
which
is
no
more
but
this
,
at
every
Fall
where
thy
Wood
groweth
thin
,
take
a
goood
straight
Pole
or
sampler
growing
of
Ash
or
Willow
,
at
the
usuall
growth
of
the
Wood
,
and
Plash
it
down
to
the
Ground
,
about
four
or
five
Inches
above
the
top
of
the
Ground
;
not
cutting
it
wholly
off
,
and
cut
off
the
head
of
it
,
and
put
the
over
end
of
the
Pole
after
the
head
cut
off
,
a
little
into
the
Ground
,
which
thou
mayst
do
,
by
bending
it
in
the
midst
like
a
Bow
and
so
thrust
it
in
,
and
so
fasten
it
down
,
once
or
twice
from
the
middle
of
it
,
and
upwards
,
close
to
the
Ground
with
a
Hook
or
two
,
and
out
thence
where
any
branch
would
put
forth
standing
,
will
put
forth
lying
,
and
more
and
more
grow
up
to
Plants
and
Poles
,
as
the
other
Spring
doth
,
and
so
you
may
,
though
it
be
uncapable
of
Sets
,
or
Planting
with
the
Root
,
lay
over
all
your
Vacant
places
,
and
thicken
your
Woods
where
ever
they
are
wanting
.
And
let
me
beg
of
thee
thy
credence
here
,
it
is
most
certain
,
A
president
of
a
wood
thickned
.
I
speak
out
of
my
own
Experiēce
,
one
of
the
gallantest
Woods
I
know
in
England
,
it
is
constantly
used
at
every
fall
in
some
place
or
other
of
it
;
the
Wood
is
eighteen
fals
,
every
fall
eighteen
years
growth
;
their
very
Faggots
made
at
length
of
the
Wood
(
besides
all
their
Pole-woods
)
all
their
brush
being
faggoted
into
the
Faggot
,
were
this
year
sold
for
one
pound
three
shillings
four
pence
a
hundred
,
&
forty
Faggots
make
a
Load
;
it
is
worth
about
twenty
five
pounds
an
Acre
every
fall
Study
warmth
all
that
possibly
thou
canst
,
for
any
Plants
are
helped
much
in
mounting
aloft
thereby
;
therfore
as
I
conceive
they
prosper
worse
upon
your
cold
Clay
,
which
nourisheth
the
Tree
little
,
and
hath
no
quickness
nor
life
to
quicken
the
growth
therof
;
but
by
toughness
and
coldness
of
the
Earth
the
Sap
is
shut
in
,
and
cannot
get
in
to
spread
so
frankly
as
it
should
,
and
so
instead
of
thriving
of
the
Tree
,
the
moss
prospereth
more
fruitfully
than
the
Tree
.
Your
Elm
Plants
may
be
gotten
of
young
sprouts
growing
forth
of
the
Roots
of
the
old
Elm
,
many
thousands
,
Elm
plants
.
which
being
slipped
and
set
,
will
grow
very
fruitfully
.
Your
Sicamore
is
a
very
quick
growing
and
thriving
Wood
,
Sicamore
plants
.
especially
if
it
be
planted
upon
some
warm
,
sound
,
and
rich
Land
,
they
will
thrive
wonderfully
,
and
rise
to
gallane
shade
,
excellent
to
make
Walks
&
Shaddow-bowers
,
useful
for
in
ward
building
,
where
better
is
wanting
,
&
for
firing
where
wood
grows
scarce
.
As
for
Sets
of
this
nature
,
if
you
go
to
any
place
where
Sicamors
grow
,
and
there
in
the
beginning
of
the
Spring
you
shall
sind
the
Seeds
chitted
up
and
down
as
thick
as
possible
;
which
gather
up
,
and
set
them
presently
,
and
you
shall
have
your
increase
at
large
,
being
planted
curiously
from
any
the
least
prejudice
of
biting
,
breaking
,
or
shaking
the
said
Trees
after
planting
;
according
to
the
first
directions
.
Sith
the
destruction
of
Wood
increaseth
so
upon
us
,
the
which
I
should
not
so
plainly
reprehend
,
were
there
any
care
,
zeal
,
or
industry
in
the
planting
new
▪
therefore
I
shall
take
boldness
to
inlarge
my
discourse
a
little
further
,
and
by
way
of
addition
speak
a
little
more
particularly
to
some
speciall
sorts
of
the
most
serviceable
usefull
Wood
now
growing
,
or
necessary
for
the
supply
of
the
Common-wealth
among
us
,
hoping
thereby
to
convince
some
of
profitableness
,
others
of
the
fecibleness
;
some
of
the
commodiousness
,
others
of
the
usefulness
,
and
all
of
a
possibility
to
recover
some
hopes
of
supplies
hereafter
,
when
the
old
stock
is
yet
more
wasted
on
purpose
to
provoke
the
ingenious
to
the
Work
.
Old
Virgil
hath
this
passage
;
That
if
of
Woods
he
should
frame
a
Song
,
To
Princes
care
they
do
belong
.
I
le
make
so
bold
as
ad
to
this
,
If
Rulers
slight
it
,
't
is
much
amiss
.
And
if
the
Romans
ordained
that
Consuls
should
have
the
Charge
of
Woods
,
that
Timber
might
not
be
wanting
for
Shipping
,
and
Buildings
,
and
publick
Works
,
I
hope
our
States
will
judge
it
a
unum
necessarium
among
us
.
Venice
at
this
day
appoints
an
Officer
for
the
Woods
,
who
sees
to
planting
yearly
,
as
well
as
cutting
down
;
and
because
we
may
be
left
more
naked
&
convicted
of
our
weakness
in
this
grand
neglect
of
so
great
a
publique
&
personal
good
as
is
the
advance
of
Timber
,
I
shall
herby
inform
you
,
that
there
is
scarce
the
worst
Land
we
have
,
but
will
bear
as
good
Oak
as
the
best
Land
in
England
.
I
have
read
,
it
was
a
generall
Custome
amongst
the
Ancients
that
when
they
found
any
so
barren
Earth
as
would
not
graze
,
they
presently
plowed
it
,
and
sowed
it
with
Acorns
,
Ashkeyes
,
&c.
and
all
other
sorts
of
Wood-seed
.
We
should
grow
wiser
than
our
Fathers
,
and
we
may
easily
outstrip
their
experiences
;
but
herin
of
all
things
else
are
we
beneath
them
,
they
the
planters
,
we
the
destroyers
.
I
shall
therefore
pray
we
may
set
upon
this
so
good
a
Work
,
every
man
do
a
little
.
I
shall
therefore
affirm
,
that
we
can
scarce
tell
how
to
imploy
one
acre
of
ground
to
more
and
greater
advantage
than
to
the
sowing
of
it
with
Wood-seeds
a
bed
,
Land
as
well
imployed
by
planting
wood
,
as
any
way
.
or
two
in
a
Garden
of
each
would
be
a
sufficient
Nursery
to
plant
many
acres
;
some
to
be
drawn
forth
one
year
,
some
another
as
the
Plants
grow
in
bigness
,
so
they
will
require
to
be
drawn
forth
to
give
the
other
more
room
;
I
dare
say
that
should
every
Gentleman
of
a
good
Estate
,
but
maintain
one
or
two
acres
as
Nurseries
of
all
sorts
of
Wood
,
he
might
be
furnished
to
plant
every
year
a
thousand
Trees
,
and
so
as
he
drew
his
plants
,
repair
his
nurcery
again
,
and
need
not
have
one
hedg-row
unplanted
with
good
Wood
and
Timber
.
And
for
further
inconragement
herin
,
I
shall
further
say
,
that
Trees
well
planted
,
and
carefully
preserved
,
will
grow
to
good
perfection
in
one
age
,
especially
if
the
ground
be
open
and
loose
,
and
not
too
binding
.
Many
men
in
England
have
set
a
Tree
,
and
lived
to
see
it
come
to
such
a
growth
,
as
hath
been
worth
above
twenty
shillings
,
near
thirty
;
but
I
have
been
credibly
informed
by
a
gallant
ingenious
Knight
,
who
reported
of
his
knowledge
,
that
a
Gentleman
in
the
Low-Countries
,
or
Germany
,
planted
one
hundred
ashes
,
A
president
of
50.
years
growth
of
Ash.
and
at
the
end
of
fifty
years
resolved
to
sell
them
,
and
did
,
the
price
for
which
he
sold
them
was
five
hundred
pound
;
and
he
that
can
improve
so
much
Land
better
,
I
shall
desire
earnestly
to
be
his
Scholler
.
The
same
Knight
also
affirmed
that
he
knew
another
Merchant
there
,
that
planted
so
much
wood
in
his
own
Life
,
that
he
would
not
take
50000l
.
for
.
Then
how
much
Wood
may
be
planted
in
this
Nation
,
&
the
Lands
not
less
worth
than
now
they
are
.
I
know
some
Lands
not
worth
above
6s
or
8s
.
an
Acre
,
that
hath
yeelded
in
wood
above
50s
.
an
Acre
per
annum
:
And
if
this
Government
should
compel
all
men
to
plant
five
times
as
much
as
they
destroy
,
they
compel
them
to
their
own
great
advantage
&
honor
,
witness
my
aforesaid
English
Northamptonshire
President
.
Now
to
those
common
&
most
usefulll
Woods
among
us
a
word
or
two
,
&
first
of
the
Oak
,
that
non-decaying
timber
It
is
somewhat
slow
of
growing
,
by
reason
of
the
weight
substantialness
,
Oak
plants
.
and
worth
therof
,
yet
will
in
the
way
of
ingenious
husbandry
quit
his
cost
&
charge
bestowed
;
you
may
either
plant
it
from
the
Set
,
or
Acorn
;
from
the
Acorn
I
advise
because
then
you
may
chuse
your
seed
from
a
likely
thriving
Tree
,
which
sowed
in
a
Nursery
,
or
on
Beds
of
purpose
,
no
disparagement
to
your
Gardens
,
or
Orchard
Nurceries
,
to
have
a
Nurcery
of
all
sorts
of
Woods
planted
among
them
.
I
know
a
gallant
Gentleman
in
Kent
,
most
ingenious
for
publique
improvements
,
as
wel
in
waies
of
Husbandry
,
as
publique
services
,
who
maintaines
a
constant
Nurcery
of
all
sorts
of
Wood-plants
from
the
Kernel
,
among
his
Nurcery
of
Orchard
Fruits
,
and
is
so
stocked
with
all
sorts
of
Sets
,
not
onely
to
supply
himself
,
but
may
furnish
a
great
part
of
the
Country
also
it
is
Colonel
Blunt
,
A
president
for
Nurseries
of
Wood.
living
within
a
mile
of
Greenwich
,
not
only
honourable
in
his
name
,
but
in
the
effects
and
fruits
of
all
his
actions
.
I
conceive
it
is
indifferent
,
when
you
sow
or
set
your
Acorn
,
your
ground
prepared
and
in
good
tillage
;
but
why
not
at
or
in
October
,
as
soon
as
they
be
ripe
,
or
in
the
Spring
early
;
but
be
sure
the
Acorn
be
full
ripe
,
and
the
best
time
to
remove
them
,
or
transplant
,
may
be
in
the
end
of
Novēber
or
December
,
into
your
fields
where
you
do
intend
they
shall
grow
,
being
planted
a
good
depth
in
as
good
double
field
mold
;
which
done
,
you
must
be
as
carefull
of
biting
,
shaking
,
or
breaking
of
them
as
you
are
of
the
Nurcery
,
untill
they
be
so
rootened
and
stifned
so
strong
that
they
will
endure
a
beast
rubbing
upon
them
,
which
had
need
be
above
seven
years
;
and
if
you
intend
them
for
Timber
,
cut
not
off
the
heads
by
no
means
,
but
chuse
strait
and
smooth
thriving
barqued
Sets
as
you
can
,
and
support
them
from
shaking
with
the
wind
for
two
or
three
years
at
least
,
until
they
be
most
firmly
rooted
,
so
will
they
run
up
strait
and
tall
,
and
prove
gallant
large
Timber
;
How
to
plant
for
Timber
.
and
in
the
removing
of
them
,
be
very
carefull
of
bruising
them
also
,
for
if
you
bruise
the
top
or
head
of
any
part
,
better
cut
it
off
;
but
if
you
intend
them
for
lop
or
shade
,
or
for
bearing
mast
,
then
cut
off
the
heads
of
them
,
they
will
spread
the
better
,
inlarge
their
boughs
and
branches
further
,
and
yet
make
good
Timber
too
,
&
very
good
,
though
not
so
long
,
yet
may
possibly
be
as
profitable
as
the
other
.
The
Oak
agreeth
well
with
any
Lands
,
good
or
bad
,
Clay
,
Gravell
,
Sand
or
mixed
Land
,
warm
or
cold
,
dry
or
moist
,
as
appears
by
the
naturall
growth
of
it
in
all
Countries
;
but
for
artificial
planting
,
I
should
advise
to
a
middle
mixed
Land
,
Open
loose
land
the
best
for
any
wood
.
yea
though
it
be
but
barren
,
it
thrives
excellently
upon
as
barren
Lands
as
any
are
in
England
;
the
coldest
,
stiffest
Clay
is
worst
for
all
sorts
of
Woods
,
your
open
loose
Lands
is
best
for
any
Woods
,
or
Fruits
,
and
the
Oak
takes
not
pleasure
in
your
richest
soils
of
all
but
I
question
not
the
wel
prospering
of
it
there
two
,
&
may
be
the
cause
why
so
little
of
it
is
found
upon
your
richest
Lands
,
may
be
,
because
the
Land
may
,
or
is
put
to
a
more
profitable
use
;
for
this
I
must
needs
acknowledge
,
that
in
many
parts
where
Land
is
rich
and
dear
,
or
lyeth
near
great
Towns
,
and
letteth
at
great
prizes
,
the
wood
being
in
danger
of
stifling
and
spoiling
by
Wood-stealers
,
the
Land
may
turn
to
greater
profit
;
yet
however
,
where
Land
is
good
,
I
should
advise
to
some
wood
,
though
planted
here
&
there
a
tree
in
hedg-rows
,
&
where
they
may
not
prejudice
the
grass
,
or
shade
the
ground
,
it
wil
be
not
onely
an
improvement
in
good
measure
of
the
Land
,
by
adding
to
the
incom
the
fruit
thereof
,
as
well
as
of
the
grass
,
but
an
honor
&
delight
unto
your self
and
Posterity
.
The
Oak-mast
maketh
fat
fast
flesh
,
and
long
lasting
Bacon
,
and
will
feed
Deer
,
Sheep
and
Poultry
exceeding
well
and
profitably
.
I
have
read
of
one
Oak
in
Westphalia
,
An
Oak
above
40
yards
in
Timber
.
Another
ten
yards
thicknes
.
from
the
foot
to
the
nearest
bough
,
one
hundred
&
thirty
foot
,
and
twelve
foot
thick
,
and
of
another
ten
yards
thick
,
which
may
possibly
be
;
but
I
am
sure
profit
and
honour
sufficient
will
attend
an
ingenious
plantation
of
any
sorts
of
Wood.
This
is
most
renowned
for
Shipping
,
or
any
the
strongest
and
most
enduring
works
or
buildings
,
or
for
the
most
curious
Wainscot
,
or
indeed
for
any
use
whatever
.
I
shall
be
brief
in
all
the
rest
,
because
that
much
that
I
have
said
in
the
planting
of
this
may
be
applied
to
the
rest
;
the
Barque
is
of
as
great
worth
,
as
of
need
and
use
.
The
Beech
is
also
a
mast-tree
,
Beech
wood
the
use
and
fruit
.
and
very
usefull
and
profitable
,
both
in
the
Body
,
Branches
and
fruit
thereof
.
The
Body
is
very
good
Timber
for
the
Joyners
use
,
and
for
the
Husbandman
for
Axol-trees
,
and
for
much
Building
,
and
the
bough
for
Firing
,
and
the
Fruit
for
feeding
Hogs
and
Deer
,
and
I
know
not
whether
for
Poultry
or
Sheep
,
but
it
makes
meat
sweet
and
delicate
light
of
digestion
,
but
not
so
long
lasting
as
Peas
or
Acorns
.
It
delights
most
in
your
warm
Land
,
it
growes
well
upon
gravelly
Land
,
and
Lands
very
stony
;
and
in
the
Chiltern
Countries
,
and
sandy
ground
,
and
balks
not
the
barrennest
Land
,
likes
well
,
and
better
the
hill
and
mountains
than
the
plain
;
The
Barque
thereof
is
usefull
for
the
floats
of
fishing-nets
,
and
pantofels
for
Winter
,
and
if
you
spoyl
them
of
their
Barque
,
they
die
.
This
wood
groweth
somewhat
quicker
than
the
Oak
,
and
is
more
inclined
to
some
Countries
than
to
others
,
especially
your
wood-land
parts
.
The
Elm
groweth
easily
;
The
Elm
described
.
it
is
all
heart
if
it
be
fallen
in
his
season
,
which
is
when
the
sap
is
fully
and
clearly
down
in
the
root
betwixt
November
and
February
;
it
takes
great
delight
in
ditch-banks
,
and
dry
places
;
they
will
grow
thickest
of
any
wood
whatever
,
and
prosper
,
and
as
I
conceive
the
most
advantagious
planting
them
is
in
hedg-rows
,
or
in
little
Plumbs
of
themselves
.
As
for
the
Elm-seed
,
I
can
say
but
little
,
because
I
never
made
experience
thereof
,
onely
it
is
affirmed
that
there
is
a
male
and
a
female
of
the
Elm
,
and
that
the
male
Elm
beareth
seeed
,
and
not
the
female
;
which
if
it
do
,
then
the
seed
when
it
is
ripe
may
be
sowed
as
other
seeds
are
upon
a
bed
by
themselves
:
and
fine
mould
sifted
and
cast
upon
them
;
and
if
they
be
dry
,
they
as
other
seeds
must
be
watered
,
and
so
sowed
in
little
rows
,
that
a
little
trench
be
betwixt
row
and
row
,
that
they
may
not
root
one
into
and
upon
another
,
but
so
as
that
they
may
be
taken
up
again
with
more
ease
,
to
remove
and
transplant
where
you
please
.
You
may
get
Sets
of
the
very
roots
which
sprout
forth
of
it
,
and
set
them
,
and
they
wil
grow
;
and
very
many
affirm
,
that
any
Elm
,
or
a
very
chip
:
when
the
sap
is
firm
&
proud
,
will
grow
unto
a
Set.
But
this
I
had
from
a
Gentleman
of
credit
as
a
speedy
&
unfailing
to
raise
Elm-sets
or
Plants
;
How
to
raise
Elm-plants
.
which
is
,
dig
round
about
a
well-grown
Elm
a
foot
or
more
from
the
body
,
unto
many
,
or
most
of
the
Master-roots
,
and
cleanse
away
all
the
earth
,
and
then
cut
the
root
almost
quite
through
with
an
ax
,
and
so
serve
most
of
the
roots
,
and
if
you
cut
some
full
through
,
you
may
,
and
forth
of
both
those
ends
of
the
root
you
cut
or
divide
in
sunder
,
will
come
forth
gallant
sprouts
,
or
plants
,
which
you
must
take
off
with
a
little
part
of
the
root
,
or
a
little
chip
thereof
,
and
plant
it
,
and
it
will
assuredly
grow
to
a
good
Tree
.
The
use
and
worth
of
the
Elm
is
little
inferiour
to
the
former
;
it
is
of
absolute
and
singular
use
,
especially
for
water-works
;
good
for
building
,
where
it
may
ly
constantly
dry
,
The
use
of
the
Elm.
or
constantly
wet
,
but
sometimes
dry
,
and
sometimes
wet
,
it
will
not
long
endure
:
It
makes
excellent
plank
,
and
good
board
,
the
best
wood
in
England
for
Wheelwrights
Nathes
or
Hubs
for
wheels
,
and
good
for
felly
timber
also
.
In
your
second
plantation
,
or
removall
,
set
them
in
very
good
order
,
and
be
carefull
of
preserving
them
as
a
garden
from
shaking
with
wind
or
cattel
,
or
from
biting
or
rubbing
by
all
means
.
Some
write
,
that
in
your
second
removall
you
may
do
best
to
tie
some
knots
of
some
of
the
string
,
or
twist
them
like
a
garland
,
and
then
set
them
and
tread
the
mold
down
about
the
roots
first
annointed
with
Bullocks
dung
;
but
my self
having
made
thereof
no
experience
,
cannot
press
it
;
all
I
say
is
,
a
small
matter
wil
make
out
the
experierce
,
which
I
encourage
to
.
The
Elm
groweth
to
great
worth
,
hinders
little
ground
,
delights
in
sound
warm
Land
,
dry
,
sandy
,
gravelly
,
or
mixed
Lands
,
but
it
must
have
good
store
of
mold
by
all
means
;
it
doth
not
delight
in
cold
moist
clays
,
nor
spewing
weeping
Land
.
One
Acrs
length
with
1.
or
2.
rows
of
Elms
upon
a
ditch
bank
at
their
full
growth
may
be
worth
20.
or
30l
.
it
runneth
up
generally
to
the
greatest
height
and
length
of
any
Wood
in
England
.
The
Ash
is
also
a
gallaut
quick-thriving
Wood
,
The
description
of
the
Ash.
but
it
takes
not
so
much
pleasure
in
a
hard
,
barren
mountainous
Land
as
the
Oak
or
Beech
do
.
It
will
grow
in
good
Land
,
and
in
Land
of
any
nature
or
temperature
almost
,
what
s
ever
;
it
will
thrive
reasonable
well
upon
a
Boggy
ground
,
so
the
same
be
deep
Trenched
to
the
bottom
,
and
laid
dry
and
sound
.
It
delights
it self
in
dry
sound
Land
,
and
will
grow
very
fast
if
it
like
the
Land
;
faster
than
any
of
the
aforsaid
Woods
;
witness
the
Dutch
Precedent
I
brought
before
,
speaking
of
the
excellent
and
great
advantage
Wood
might
yeeld
in
my
discourse
about
the
Oak
,
which
I
here
forebear
.
The
use
of
the
Ash
is
most
manifold
;
good
for
Building
,
The
use
of
the
Ash.
and
for
any
work
where
it
may
lie
dry
;
most
prime
for
Coopers
Hoops
,
&
Rimms
for
Sives
,
and
Wheels
,
as
Oak
is
also
;
and
excellent
for
the
Wheelwright
,
Ploughwright
,
and
the
Husbanman
;
far
tougher
than
any
of
the
woods
aforesaid
and
very
rich
and
profitable
,
and
the
best
Fire-wood
,
fittest
for
Ladies
Chambers
,
will
burn
exceeding
well
and
sweet
,
though
green
;
but
all
this
excellency
unless
for
firing
is
quirkly
spoyled
,
If
you
fall
it
forth
of
season
,
it
will
be
worst
of
any
Wood
bare
the
mistaking
of
the
season
;
Season
for
the
Ash
its
selling
.
the
Worm
will
take
it
speedily
,
&
make
it
the
most
unserviceable
of
any
wood
whatever
.
The
onely
season
is
from
November
untill
the
end
of
Ianuary
;
for
if
the
sap
begin
never
so
little
to
arise
,
forbear
falling
Ash.
It
spreads
his
root
very
large
,
and
so
is
most
offensive
to
your
Corn
land
;
because
it
both
draws
away
the
hert
from
the
land
,
and
offends
the
plough
by
his
roots
.
You
may
sow
the
Ash
Keyes
,
which
are
the
onely
seed
,
in
beds
by
themselves
,
and
they
will
grow
amain
;
two
or
three
good
beds
will
store
a
Country
;
draw
then
as
they
biggon
;
and
at
last
draw
all
away
,
or
else
they
will
destroy
your
Nurcery
:
plant
them
in
Ianuary
or
December
,
mould
them
very
well
and
carefully
preserve
them
;
cut
not
off
the
the
top
if
you
would
have
it
to
grow
in
length
;
it
being
a
pithy
wood
,
it
wil
somwhat
endanger
it
;
but
it
may
prosper
well
,
though
cut
a
little
off
the
top
,
&
spread
better
,
and
be
very
usefull
both
for
Timber
,
Lop
,
and
firing
:
I
have
heard
of
a
poor
woman
that
had
two
or
three
ash-trees
in
her
Garden
hedge
,
and
a
strong
wind
came
and
blew
the
Ash
Keyes
all
over
the
Garden
,
A
president
of
Ash
his
growth
and
advantage
.
that
at
the
Spring
,
her
Garden
was
turned
from
that
to
a
hopefull
plantation
of
Ashes
as
green
as
a
leek
above
the
ground
,
the
woman
was
at
a
great
debat
,
to
loose
her
Garden
she
was
loth
,
and
to
destroy
so
hopefull
a
crop
she
was
unwilling
:
at
last
she
resolved
to
let
them
grow
,
and
now
her
garden
is
turned
into
a
nurcery
,
and
she
is
turned
a
planter
,
and
hath
ever
since
maintained
it
to
that
use
,
and
made
many
times
more
profit
than
she
did
before
.
The
slips
from
the
roots
are
not
so
good
sets
as
the
sciens
or
sprout
from
the
Key
,
The
best
sets
&c.
that
is
far
the
best
Set
,
beeing
straight
and
smooth
barked
,
and
free
from
canker
.
Their
removing
must
be
in
the
depth
of
winter
,
The
best
time
to
remove
Ash.
that
it
may
have
a
whole
winter
to
fasten
the
roots
,
the
roots
may
be
cut
in
the
removing
a
little
,
but
the
strings
no
whit
at
all
.
It
is
a
Tree
of
marvellous
great
advantage
to
the
Common
wealth
,
and
very
profitable
to
the
Planter
.
Pliny
writes
that
the
Serpent
so
abhors
the
Ash
,
that
it
will
rather
choose
to
run
into
the
fire
than
through
the
Ash
boughs
,
but
no
more
of
this
.
The
Birch
tree
will
grow
in
the
barrennest
land
,
it
will
not
prosper
in
good
land
,
Birch
.
it
is
good
for
some
common
meaner
uses
,
as
to
make
Oxe
yoakes
,
and
somewhat
usefull
for
the
Turner
,
but
most
especially
for
the
fire
,
where
wood
is
scarce
and
deere
,
it
may
be
worth
your
planting
,
or
where
the
land
is
so
barren
that
it
will
beare
nothing
else
:
Theophrastrus
writes
of
it
,
that
it
will
grow
in
frosty
,
snowy
,
cold
Countries
,
and
on
the
hardest
gravelly
land
,
and
therefore
on
the
barrennest
land
they
plant
Birch
,
Pine
wood
,
Firre
,
Pitch
tree
,
and
Larsh
.
The
Walnut
of
another
use
,
The
Walnuts
.
&
that
beareth
a
very
gallant
delightful
fruit
,
taketh
his
pleasure
in
dry
sound
wholsom
land
;
the
usuall
way
of
raising
them
is
from
the
Nut
,
set
or
sowed
,
and
preserved
a
year
or
two
in
the
Nurcery
,
and
then
drawn
forth
and
planted
;
it
will
not
indure
cold
nor
moysture
,
and
seldome
any
grow
in
your
strong
clay
land
at
all
;
if
they
be
well
planted
and
preserved
,
The
use
and
advantage
of
it
.
they
will
make
a
good
shady
walk
,
or
set
in
row
at
a
good
distance
will
prosper
very
well
,
but
they
require
great
room
,
and
good
land
,
it
groweth
to
a
great
bignes
,
and
is
very
usefull
for
any
houshold
use
,
excellent
for
the
joyner
,
and
curious
for
the
Gunsmith
,
and
the
fruit
thereof
is
most
delightfull
and
no
less
profitable
.
The
willow
though
Homer
calls
it
an
unfruitfull
▪
Tree
,
The
Willow
.
yet
I
shall
ingage
much
in
the
praise
of
it
;
it
is
the
quickest
of
all
wood
for
growing
,
and
riseth
more
in
one
year
than
many
doe
in
three
:
And
for
profit
,
I
must
question
whether
any
can
or
may
come
neer
it
;
it
comes
off
with
less
charge
than
any
,
and
hath
a
prehemency
in
lightness
and
toughness
,
and
is
very
serviceable
for
spades
and
Gun
stocks
,
and
manifold
uses
more
,
to
be
kept
dry
it
will
scarce
ever
decry
;
It
delights
in
low
ground
wet
and
shady
,
yea
the
most
watery
the
more
suitable
,
and
yet
will
grow
upon
a
dry
bank
,
and
in
the
Champion
also
:
It
is
very
good
for
firing
also
.
It
is
to
be
planted
of
young
sets
cut
off
of
any
bough
,
about
two
foot
and
a
half
long
,
or
somewhat
shorter
,
set
or
thrust
into
the
soft
earth
or
soft
ground
,
almost
any
bog
,
being
cast
up
in
great
lands
,
and
on
each
side
thereof
a
Trench
so
deep
as
to
go
a
little
below
the
bottom
of
the
bog
,
and
these
set
a
foot
and
a
half
a
sunder
in
strait
lines
or
else
two
foot
asunder
;
the
sets
being
thrust
into
the
earth
within
eight
or
nine
inches
of
the
top
;
and
this
to
be
done
in
February
and
beginning
of
March
,
and
in
three
or
four
years
it
will
come
,
if
it
prosper
as
it
should
,
to
make
windings
or
hurdle
wood
,
in
a
year
or
two
more
to
make
hop-poles
,
and
great
sets
to
bee
planted
at
seven
or
eight
foot
length
,
to
be
set
for
Trees
about
eight
or
nine
foot
distance
by
river
sides
or
little
brooks
,
or
more
,
if
you
would
not
have
your
ground
shaded
,
which
must
bee
secured
by
stakes
or
thorn
,
or
some
other
means
for
two
years
,
from
rubbing
or
shaking
with
wind
or
cattell
;
it
is
conceived
,
that
those
planted
moyst
thrive
fastest
,
but
those
upon
a
dry
land
indureth
the
longest
:
bee
sure
to
cut
your
sets
a
little
aslope
at
the
heather
end
,
and
set
the
biggest
end
downwards
,
and
close
the
earth
pretty
close
to
it
when
it
is
set
,
and
cut
off
all
twiggs
that
come
out
of
any
part
of
the
set
.
They
may
be
cut
as
you
have
occasion
to
use
them
,
at
three
,
five
,
or
seven
yeares
.
The
Osier
must
be
planted
after
the
same
manner
,
Osier
his
use
and
how
planted
.
from
short
sets
as
abovesaid
,
&
must
be
planted
upon
very
good
land
,
and
then
it
will
yeeld
a
crop
every
year
,
&
may
possibly
be
worth
three
pound
an
acre
or
more
:
is
of
especiall
use
for
Basket-makers
,
and
fishermen
for
making
Leaps
&
instruments
to
catch
fish
in
.
The
Osier
is
quick
of
growing
&
very
profitable
in
its
use
,
you
may
plant
them
where
the
Sea
ebbs
and
flows
,
and
covers
them
all
over
,
for
that
they
have
but
time
now
&
then
to
lye
dry
,
they
will
prosper
no
less
there
than
else-where
:
you
may
maintain
some
standers
here
and
there
of
two
or
three
yeares
groath
,
to
make
big
splents
or
supporters
for
your
great
work
.
The
Lime
Tree
is
also
newly
discovered
as
useful
in
our
English
plantations
,
The
Lime
tree
.
but
it
groweth
to
be
of
great
credit
among
our
Gentry
.
It
thriveth
exceeding
well
upon
midling
land
,
makes
a
fine
flourishing
Tree
,
and
being
headed
and
set
in
walks
in
roes
,
makes
a
very
gallant
shady
walk
,
they
begin
to
be
much
planted
about
London
,
Surrey
,
Kent
,
Essex
,
&c.
It
carrieth
a
very
fair
smooth
leaf
,
somewhat
like
the
Beech
Tree
:
And
as
for
the
fruit
of
them
,
and
the
manner
of
planting
them
,
I
shal
say
no
more
,
but
leave
each
man
to
his
own
experience
&
tryall
,
til
I
have
further
experimented
them
,
and
shall
say
that
they
are
most
probably
exceeding
profitable
,
and
what
hath
been
said
of
other
Woods
for
the
manner
of
planting
may
in
a
great
measure
be
applyed
to
this
.
So
I
have
done
for
present
;
Causes
why
the
Reader
digest
not
the
Discourse
.
Which
particulars
,
if
thou
hast
seriously
perused
,
although
thou
hast
passed
many
thing
,
offensive
possibly
,
which
hath
been
the
Authors
desire
justly
to
Administer
:
And
if
any
thing
unjustly
have
offended
he
is
very
sorry
,
and
hopes
,
and
verily
beleeves
▪
it
either
ariseth
from
want
of
a
clear
Representation
of
his
meaning
in
more
Significant
Termes
,
or
Artificiall
Language
to
the
Readers
mis-understanding
of
the
Authors
Sense
,
or
mis-conceiving
of
his
way
of
of
Practice
,
which
I
beleeve
upon
a
second
unprejudiced
Consideration
,
wil
more
clearly
represent
it self
unto
him
.
As
for
the
curiosity
in
its
composure
,
or
Exact
Method
in
the
handling
,
bear
with
the
want
thereof
,
thou
must
expect
no
better
from
a
Treatise
of
this
nature
,
Rudely
digested
out
of
Confused
principles
&
Notions
,
&
from
Experiences
most
of
them
Compleated
but
some
in
present
practice
,
which
when
throvghly
Experimented
,
(
If
these
weak
Discoveries
find
acceptance
with
thee
,
and
shall
appear
with
the
least
Advantage
to
the
Common
Good
(
if
God
be
pleased
to
give
opportunity
,
he
may
present
thee
with
a
second
part
to
the
same
Tune
;
wherin
he
hopes
to
Compleat
or
make
up
the
whole
part
of
practicall
Husbandry
,
or
give
thee
in
a
whole
new
Plantation
of
old
England
.
As
also
something
may
be
Digested
after
the
uttermost
Improvement
made
upon
thy
Lands
,
The
Aut●ors
promise
to
mend
.
how
to
make
the
best
Improwement
of
thy
Stock
,
to
greatest
advantage
it
is
possibly
able
to
yeeld
thee
and
the
Nation
,
or
what
else
shal
fall
into
Experience
in
the
interim
as
fit
for
Publique
covery
under
the
nature
of
Improvement
;
Thy
loving
acceptance
hereof
and
practice
therein
will
undoubtedly
Command
.
And
though
I
have
in
some
things
been
too
Tedious
,
which
I
could
not
well
avoid
,
yet
I
hope
I
have
dealt
truly
with
thee
,
I
am
sure
in
my
own
Experiences
,
I
can
make
good
unto
the
Eye
what
I
have
presented
to
thy
Ear
,
and
what
I
have
also
seen
as
other
mens
,
I
have
Represented
them
in
Truth
as
near
as
my
abilities
were
able
to
judge
of
them
;
or
I
able
to
receive
their
information
;
Therfore
I
have
acquainted
thee
where
thou
mayst
discover
Truth
in
all
:
And
if
I
have
taken
any
thing
up
by
bare
information
,
it
may
fail
in
some
circumstances
,
but
I
hope
and
do
in
good
measure
know
it
doth
not
,
nor
shall
not
fail
,
in
the
substance
thereof
;
and
if
I
shall
here
but
make
good
or
clearly
hold
out
a
double
Improvement
,
it
will
be
worth
acceptance
,
(
to
me
it
hath
beeen
worthy
Respect
and
Imitiō
,
when
I
could
but
advance
any
Land
,
The
author
clear
,
his
endeavours
are
for
publique
good
.
one
half
or
third
part
,
by
any
Information
)
but
if
I
have
made
out
clearly
to
the
Nation
the
severall
opportunities
of
such
vast
improvements
,
that
there
is
such
Lands
,
and
such
Capacities
to
advance
them
,
as
I
have
held
forth
in
my
Title
page
,
&
have
also
as
truly
shewed
that
they
have
been
done
already
,
and
may
be
done
for
future
,
with
the
severall
Wayes
,
Rules
,
dnd
Means
for
their
accomplishments
:
&
that
also
at
so
rationall
,
easie
,
and
familiar
cost
and
charges
,
and
principally
and
chiefly
by
the
poor
Mans
labour
,
who
cryes
for
it
,
and
must
have
it
:
I
hope
I
shall
not
be
accomted
or
at
least
not
Scandalized
as
a
projector
,
but
as
a
poor
and
faithfull
Servant
to
his
Generation
Farewell
.