THE
HISTORY
OF
Peter
D'Aubusson
,
Great
Master
of
RHODES
.
PEter
D'Aubusson
,
whose
History
I
have
undertaken
to
write
,
was
by
providence
chosen
out
among
the
French
about
two
hundred
years
since
,
to
set
bounds
to
the
Conquests
of
the
Infidels
.
And
He
it
was
that
sav'd
Rome
from
the
destiny
of
Constantinople
,
defending
Rhodes
against
all
the
force
of
Mahomet
the
second
,
Emperour
of
the
Turks
.
He
was
the
Son
of
Reginald
D'Aubusson
,
Lord
of
Monteil-au-Viconte
in
Marche
,
and
Margaret
of
Comborn
,
both
of
the
most
Ancient
and
Illustrious
Houses
in
the
Kingdom
.
He
receiv'd
from
nature
▪
together
with
a
Noble
Birth
,
a
strong
and
proportionable
body
,
fit
for
great
undertakings
;
a
quick
wit
,
and
vertuous
inclinations
.
As
he
was
born
valiant
,
and
that
the
fiery
constitution
of
his
body
,
could
not
away
with
an
idle
life
,
he
took
upon
him
the
profession
of
Arms
,
so
soon
as
he
was
of
Age
to
handle
a
sword
.
The
Truce
which
had
been
concluded
between
France
and
England
,
by
the
address
of
Cardinal
Sainte
Croix
,
Legate
to
Pope
Eugenius
the
fourth
,
and
the
Peace
which
follow'd
,
oblig'd
him
to
seek
for
Employment
and
Honour
in
Germany
.
The
Emperour
Sigismund
had
potent
enemies
both
at
home
and
abroad
.
The
Hussites
made
war
against
him
in
Bohemia
;
and
though
they
seem'd
inclinable
to
a
submission
after
the
bloody
Battel
of
Pragne
,
where
they
lost
above
twenty
thousand
men
,
yet
Rebellion
was
all
they
had
in
their
thoughts
.
They
were
also
so
much
the
more
to
be
fear'd
,
by
how
much
they
were
highly
inrag'd
at
their
defeat
,
and
that
rage
redoubl'd
in
some
measure
the
zeal
which
serv'd
for
the
pretence
of
their
Revolt
.
But
the
greatest
mischief
was
in
Hungary
,
where
the
Turks
made
horrible
havocks
.
Sigismund
,
who
was
at
that
time
tak'n
up
with
the
affairs
of
the
Council
of
Basle
,
not
being
able
to
oppose
himself
against
the
Torrent
which
threatned
to
overflow
all
Germany
,
sent
away
with
all
speed
,
Albert
Duke
of
Austria
his
Son-in-law
,
to
repel
the
Barbarians
.
Aubusson
by
chance
,
or
rather
by
a
particular
Providence
of
Heaven
,
got
a
Command
in
this
Army
.
For
providence
having
design'd
him
to
a
Profession
and
a
Trust
that
concern'd
the
Defence
of
Christendom
,
so
order'd
it
,
that
he
should
perform
his
first
feats
of
Arms
against
the
enemies
thereof
.
The
Prince
march'd
with
all
the
hast
he
could
,
and
though
far
inferiour
in
number
,
he
no
sooner
discover'd
the
Ottoman
Army
,
but
he
fell
on
with
out
any
farther
deliberation
.
The
beginning
of
the
Combat
favor'd
the
Imperialists
.
They
overturn'd
at
first
whatever
Resistance
oppos'd
them
,
and
made
a
very
great
slaughter
.
Aubusson
,
who
felt
his
courage
kindl'd
upon
sight
of
the
Infidels
,
flew
a
great
many
with
his
own
hand
,
and
fought
,
alwaies
in
the
formost
Ranks
.
But
when
the
Victory
seemd
to
have
been
assuredly
on
Alberts
side
,
the
Turkish
Cavalry
surrounded
that
of
the
Christians
,
and
fell
upon
them
so
impetuously
,
that
they
made
them
give
way
,
and
broke
them
upon
the
first
charge
.
The
disorder
was
not
long
.
Aubusson
rally'd
all
the
Troops
about
him
,
and
renew'd
the
fight
under
the
conduct
of
a
Hungarian
,
whose
name
is
not
recorded
in
Histories
,
though
his
valor
deserves
to
live
eternally
in
the
memory
of
men
.
This
brave
person
,
remarkable
for
his
tall
size
of
body
,
and
his
undaunted
Air
,
together
with
Aubusson
,
sustain'd
,
almost
without
other
Assistance
,
all
the
whole
power
of
the
Enemy
;
and
with
his
battle-axe
in
his
hand
,
after
he
had
beat
down
several
,
made
his
way
through
the
rest
.
Which
Action
so
Resolute
,
as
it
terrifi'd
the
Turks
,
so
it
reincourag'd
the
Christians
.
All
Alberts
Troopes
follow'd
this
new
Leader
,
who
seemd
to
be
sent
to
them
from
Heaven
;
and
as
if
they
had
at
the
same
time
been
inspir'd
with
fresh
Vigour
,
they
charg'd
the
Barbarians
so
rudely
,
that
eighteen
thousand
lay
dead
upon
the
place
,
the
rest
thought
of
nothing
but
Flight
.
While
the
Arms
of
Sigismund
had
this
happy
success
in
Hungary
,
his
affairs
prosper'd
no
less
in
other
places
.
The
Hussites
,
weak'nd
by
their
Losses
,
and
either
terrifi'd
by
the
Threats
,
or
gain'd
by
the
Promises
of
Emperor
,
at
length
return'd
to
their
duty
,
The
Treaty
of
Prague
put
an
end
to
all
the
Troubles
of
Bohemia
,
and
upon
a
sudden
the
Imperial
Authority
was
re-establish'd
.
All
things
being
thus
calm'd
,
and
Albert
having
disbanded
his
Troops
,
Aubusson
attended
the
Nobility
that
went
to
the
Emperour's
Court.
There
he
was
receiv'd
as
one
that
contributed
highly
to
the
Victory
in
Hungary
;
and
that
which
was
related
to
Sigismund
touching
the
Valour
of
the
young
French
Gentleman
,
engag'd
that
Prince
to
give
him
publick
marks
of
his
esteem
and
acknowledgment
.
But
Aubusson
not
only
attracted
the
praises
and
favours
of
the
Emperour
,
by
his
first
exploits
in
War
:
for
he
also
gain'd
his
good
will
and
kindness
by
his
carriage
near
his
person
,
and
the
care
which
he
took
to
please
him
.
Sigismund
was
endu'd
with
all
the
noble
Qualities
of
a
great
Prince
.
Besides
that
he
was
valiant
,
wise
,
religious
;
he
lov'd
Learning
in
particular
,
and
had
a
great
value
for
learned
men
,
whom
he
preferr'd
upon
all
occasions
,
before
persons
that
had
nothing
to
recommend
them
but
their
Birth
.
He
was
himself
learned
,
perfectly
well
read
in
History
.
He
understood
and
spoke
the
Latine
tongue
,
as
he
made
it
appear
at
the
Council
of
Constance
,
by
the
testimony
of
Gerson
Chancellour
of
the
University
of
Paris
,
who
was
present
there
,
and
was
charm'd
with
the
last
speech
of
that
Prince
.
For
that
reason
he
could
not
endure
ignorance
in
his
Courtiers
;
and
would
say
sometimes
,
that
he
was
asham'd
of
the
Electors
,
who
had
not
the
least
tincture
of
Learning
.
Though
Aubusson
were
endu'd
with
a
Martial
soul
,
and
that
the
love
of
war
overswayd
his
Inclinations
,
yet
had
he
a
disposition
and
a
Genious
for
Learning
.
He
had
a
quick
and
piercing
wit
;
a
happy
memory
,
and
a
solid
judgment
.
So
that
it
was
no
difficult
thing
for
him
to
conform
himself
to
the
humour
of
the
Emperor
,
having
in
a
short
time
fitted
himself
for
all
manner
of
addresses
.
After
he
had
study'd
the
languages
as
much
as
was
requisite
for
a
Souldier
to
know
;
he
apply'd
himself
to
the
understanding
of
all
the
noble
sciences
.
He
learnt
the
Mapps
,
the
Mathematicks
,
and
above
all
the
rest
,
that
part
with
concernes
the
Art
of
war
.
But
History
was
his
Principal
studie
;
He
made
a
kind
of
business
&
Exercise
of
it
,
reading
more
to
instruct
then
divert
himself
.
For
he
was
not
contented
to
charge
his
memory
with
great
names
,
and
strange
Accidents
,
as
many
do
that
read
;
but
he
still
made
Judicious
reflections
upon
what
he
read
;
proposing
to
himself
,
as
examples
to
follow
,
the
actions
of
men
Illustrious
.
Above
all
things
,
he
examin'd
the
lives
of
great
men
,
and
making
advantage
of
their
Vices
,
as
well
as
of
their
Vertues
,
he
became
a
Master
to
himself
for
the
governing
his
own
Manners
.
Whatever
love
he
had
for
reading
,
and
what
ever
pleasure
he
took
in
it
,
yet
he
study'd
the
world
more
then
books
:
and
above
all
the
world
,
and
all
books
,
the
Emperor
.
As
he
had
a
free
access
to
his
person
,
and
was
with
him
every
day
,
he
was
able
to
observe
nere
at
hand
his
Maximes
,
his
words
his
actions
,
and
all
his
behaviour
.
But
among
all
the
Vertues
of
Sigismund
he
was
taken
with
none
more
then
his
Zeal
for
the
Christian
Faith
;
of
which
he
shew'd
so
many
real
marks
,
not
only
in
the
Councils
which
he
upheld
by
his
authority
and
presence
,
but
also
by
the
wars
which
he
undertook
against
the
Infidels
.
Thus
the
Court
,
which
is
usually
the
corrupter
of
youth
,
was
to
Aubusson
a
school
of
wisdom
and
vertue
.
Where
,
besides
the
love
which
it
taught
him
to
have
for
learning
,
and
to
make
a
sound
judgment
of
things
,
he
acquir'd
Integrity
,
and
became
a
man
of
Vertue
and
Repute
.
With
such
noble
Inclinations
as
these
,
he
might
easily
pretend
to
great
employments
in
a
Court
where
Justice
was
done
to
merit
.
And
certainly
he
had
attain'd
thereto
,
as
much
a
stranger
as
he
was
,
had
not
his
Fortunes
been
overturnd
by
the
Death
of
the
Emperor
.
Albert
Duke
of
Austria
,
who
succeeded
Sigismund
,
had
not
for
Aubusson
those
kind
thoughts
as
his
predecessors
.
Whether
it
were
that
he
did
not
naturally
love
the
French
,
or
whether
the
Favors
of
the
deceas'd
Emperour
provok'd
his
hatred
of
a
stranger
Aubusson
quickly
percev'd
that
the
Emperor
had
got
a
new
Master
,
and
that
the
best
course
that
he
could
take
was
to
be
gone
.
But
though
that
Consideration
might
not
have
prevail'd
with
him
to
quit
Germany
,
yet
his
duty
would
have
oblig'd
to
return
to
France
.
The
Treaty
at
Arras
for
the
accommodation
between
the
two
Kings
▪
of
England
and
France
not
taking
effect
,
as
it
was
hop'd
,
the
War
broke
out
again
between
the
two
Kings
:
So
that
there
happ'nd
divers
sieges
,
and
divers
fights
,
with
more
heat
and
animosity
then
ever
.
The
English
made
great
spoil
in
the
Provinces
of
which
they
were
not
Masters
;
and
the
French
divided
among
themselves
,
committed
as
great
violences
every
where
;
so
that
what
between
a
Forraign
and
a
Civil
War
joyn'd
together
,
the
whole
Kingdom
was
full
of
confusion
and
horrour
.
This
was
the
stare
of
the
Affairs
of
France
when
Sigismund
di'd
,
and
that
Aubusson
forsook
Germany
to
come
and
serve
his
own
Country
.
John
D'Aubusson
Lord
of
Born
,
his
Cousin-German
,
and
Chamberlain
to
Charles
the
seventh
,
brought
him
to
Court
.
So
soon
as
he
came
there
,
his
proper
person
,
his
sparkling
countenance
,
his
noble
Air
attracted
the
eyes
of
all
upon
him
;
but
his
prudent
and
honest
carriage
,
his
wit
,
his
politeness
,
his
pleasant
conversation
gain'd
almost
the
hearts
of
every
one
.
In
regard
he
was
of
the
County
of
Marche
,
and
younger
Son
of
the
Vicounts
of
that
County
,
the
Count
of
Marche
,
Governour
of
the
Dolphin
,
shew'd
him
great
respect
,
and
did
him
the
honour
to
be
his
Patron
.
This
Relation
which
Aubusson
had
to
the
Count
,
gave
him
opportunity
often
to
wait
upon
the
Dolphin
,
who
was
almost
of
Age.
He
obtain'd
his
love
,
being
so
happy
as
to
share
in
the
exercises
and
divertisements
of
the
Prince
.
He
had
also
the
good
fortune
to
please
Charles
the
seventh
,
who
saw
in
him
at
first
sight
something
that
was
great
and
not
common
.
But
it
was
not
long
ere
〈◊〉
shew'd
by
his
actions
,
that
what
we
conceiv'd
of
him
,
was
not
without
good
ground
.
He
signaliz'd
himself
in
a
high
measure
at
Montereau
Faut-yone
,
whither
he
attended
the
Dolphin
,
who
commanded
at
the
Siege
.
The
King
who
had
been
himself
a
witness
of
the
valour
of
Aubusson
,
when
he
carry'd
the
City
by
Assault
,
making
his
entry
a
little
while
after
into
Paris
,
commanded
his
attendance
upon
him
to
Court
,
with
the
chief
of
his
Nobility
.
This
Entry
was
one
of
the
most
magnificent
that
ever
was
made
:
And
it
may
be
truly
said
to
be
the
first
day
that
Charles
began
to
reascend
his
Throne
.
Several
Cities
follow'd
the
example
of
the
Capital
;
and
those
that
stood
out
were
for
the
most
part
reduc'd
by
force
.
Aubusson
every
where
gave
signal
marks
of
his
Courage
;
but
upon
one
occasion
he
made
it
apparent
that
a
young
Warriour
might
be
as
well
prudent
as
cunning
.
At
what
time
the
power
of
the
English
abated
in
the
Kingdom
,
that
of
the
fair
Agnes
increas'd
at
Court.
As
she
was
wonderfully
charming
,
and
one
that
understood
better
then
any
woman
of
her
sex
,
how
to
govern
her
Lovers
,
she
obtain'd
in
a
short
while
an
absolute
Dominion
over
the
King
.
But
according
to
the
custom
of
women
,
whose
credit
arises
from
their
Beauty
,
she
made
but
an
ill
use
of
the
Kings
Favours
.
The
Dolphin
,
who
was
not
naturally
very
docible
,
could
not
endure
a
haughty
and
imperious
woman
,
who
had
but
little
respect
for
him
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
great
Authority
of
Charles
of
Anjou
,
Brother
to
the
King
of
Sicily
offended
him
extreamly
.
He
took
it
ill
,
that
a
Prince
,
for
whom
he
had
no
kindness
,
should
have
so
great
a
share
in
the
confidence
of
his
Father
.
So
that
the
Favorite
was
no
less
a
trouble
to
him
then
the
Mistress
.
But
that
which
vex'd
him
most
of
all
,
was
,
that
after
the
taking
of
Montereau
,
where
he
fought
so
well
against
the
English
,
that
in
Courtship
they
applauded
him
for
it
before
the
King
,
he
had
but
a
bad
reception
from
his
Father
,
instead
of
the
thanks
which
he
expected
.
For
the
King
perceiving
that
this
first
Essay
had
puft
up
the
mind
of
his
son
,
he
return'd
▪
him
under
the
Discipline
of
his
Goverment
,
and
remov'd
him
also
from
the
Court
.
Whether
he
were
jealous
of
a
valour
that
made
such
a
noise
in
the
world
;
or
whether
,
understanding
the
bad
disposition
of
the
Dolphin
,
he
thought
this
first
success
of
his
might
transport
him
too
far
,
if
he
did
not
take
care
to
curb
him
.
The
Dolphin
dissembl'd
his
dissatisfaction
for
some
time
;
but
a
young
Prince
once
provok'd
▪
whose
passions
are
violent
,
and
who
never
wants
bad
counsel
,
is
soon
aweary
of
counterfeiting
.
And
therefore
to
revenge
himself
like
the
Son
of
a
King
,
he
went
and
put
himself
at
the
head
of
the
Rebellious
Nobility
.
The
Count
of
Marche
,
to
whom
the
revolt
of
his
disciple
was
no
small
dishonour
,
omitted
nothing
that
might
reduce
him
to
his
duty
.
Besides
what
he
did
himself
,
he
made
use
of
the
management
of
Aubusson
,
whom
the
Prince
lov'd
,
and
who
had
found
a
means
to
preserve
his
favour
without
confederating
in
the
revolt
.
Certain
it
is
that
the
Dolphin
was
of
a
jealous
,
&
ticklish
disposition
,
not
easie
to
manage
;
and
one
of
those
who
are
of
that
head
strong
&
obstinate
humour
,
that
they
are
seldom
to
be
recover'd
,
when
they
have
once
fix'd
upon
their
party
.
But
Aubusson
knew
him
very
well
,
and
understood
which
way
to
take
him
.
For
he
had
those
sweet
and
insinuating
charms
,
which
are
not
incompatible
with
a
fierce
and
fiery
Disposition
.
But
above
all
,
he
had
a
natural
Eloquence
,
that
always
wrought
it's
Effect
,
and
which
perswades
so
much
the
more
,
by
how
much
it
is
the
less
distrusted
.
So
that
he
had
not
much
to
do
to
make
the
Prince
list'n
to
reason
.
He
so
dextrously
mannag'd
his
passions
,
and
mollify'd
him
in
such
sort
by
degrees
,
that
when
the
Count
of
Eu
,
came
afterwards
to
treat
with
him
on
the
Kings
behalf
,
he
found
him
altogether
enclin'd
to
lay
down
his
Armes
,
and
beg
pardon
.
The
King
was
so
satisfy'd
with
Aubussons
address
upon
this
occasion
,
that
he
employ'd
him
in
other
Negotiations
of
concernment
.
In
all
which
he
so
behav'd
himself
,
that
Charles
the
fifth
highly
applauded
the
sharpness
of
his
wit
.
Insomuch
that
one
day
,
speaking
of
Aubusson
,
he
said
,
it
was
a
hard
matter
to
find
so
much
fire
and
so
much
prudence
both
together
.
After
the
Princes
were
come
to
an
accommodation
,
the
War
grew
very
warm
between
the
French
and
English
,
and
much
blood
was
shed
on
both
sides
.
But
the
truces
that
were
afterwards
made
,
chang'd
the
whole
face
of
affairs
.
France
began
to
breath
a
more
quiet
Aire
;
and
the
pleasures
which
afterwards
succeded
the
Toyles
of
war
,
had
perhaps
effeminated
the
hearts
of
the
souldiers
;
if
their
Marches
into
Lorrain
and
Germany
had
not
found
them
work
.
Rene
of
Anjou
,
King
of
Sicily
and
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
requested
aid
of
Charles
King
of
France
,
his
Brother
in
Law
,
against
some
places
in
the
Countrey
of
Messin
,
that
would
not
acknowledg
his
Iurisdiction
.
Charles
presently
appeares
before
Nancy
with
a
great
Army
;
of
which
one
part
went
briskly
to
beseige
Mets.
The
City
defended
it self
with
great
courage
and
obstinacy
.
Upon
which
the
Dolphin
,
with
whom
the
tediousness
of
the
seige
did
not
agree
,
found
a
fair
occasion
to
satisfie
his
boyling
and
ambitious
Humour
.
The
Emperor
Frederick
the
third
,
dissatisfi'd
with
the
Swisses
,
who
pretended
to
have
nothing
to
do
with
the
House
of
Astria
,
and
who
under
that
pretence
affected
a
kind
of
Independencie
,
not
much
differing
from
a
Revolt
;
invited
France
by
the
mediation
of
Sigismund
,
Duke
of
Austria
,
to
come
and
defend
the
Rights
of
the
Empire
.
There
needed
no
more
encouragement
for
the
Dolphin
,
who
had
espoused
the
Sister
of
the
Dutchess
of
Austria
,
to
enter
Alsacia
with
an
Army
.
Aubusson
was
one
of
the
young
Lords
that
attended
him
,
and
one
who
had
the
greatest
share
in
the
defeat
of
the
Swisses
near
Basle
:
But
the
Duke
having
reduc'd
some
places
,
and
cast
a
terror
upon
others
,
march'd
back
again
sooner
then
was
expected
.
Either
because
the
Emperour
,
unwilling
to
draw
upon
himself
ill
will
,
for
being
the
occasion
of
the
war
,
in
some
measure
disown'd
it
;
or
because
the
German
Lord
,
who
had
conducted
the
French
Army
into
Switzerland
,
and
was
to
have
been
their
guide
through
all
the
narrow
and
difficult
streights
of
the
Mountains
,
being
slain
,
there
was
no
safety
in
proceeding
farther
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Affair
of
Mets
being
brought
to
an
accommodation
,
advantageous
for
the
Beseigers
,
and
honourable
for
the
Beseiged
;
the
Embassadors
of
the
German
Princes
,
whom
the
Dolphins
march
had
alarm'd
,
came
to
demand
a
confirmation
of
the
ancient
Alliances
between
France
and
Germany
.
Their
demands
were
granted
them
;
and
as
there
is
a
time
when
the
Spirit
of
Peace
is
predominant
,
the
truce
was
prolong'd
for
five
years
between
France
and
England
.
The
Court
in
such
a
quiet
calm
began
to
think
of
nothing
but
divertisement
:
and
the
Marriage
of
Margaret
,
Daughter
of
the
King
of
Sicilie
,
with
Henry
King
of
England
,
occasion'd
such
extraordinary
rejoycings
,
that
they
had
almost
forgot
their
last
troubles
.
Never
was
a
more
beautiful
Court
,
nor
a
more
numerous
,
then
that
of
Nancy
:
For
not
to
speak
of
the
several
Princes
and
Princesses
that
were
of
lesser
dignity
,
there
were
two
Kings
,
and
three
Queens
beside
.
The
Earl
of
Suffolk
,
who
was
sent
to
fetch
the
new
Queen
of
England
,
had
with
him
the
flower
of
the
English
Nobility
.
Several
daies
were
also
spent
in
magnificent
Turnaments
,
where
the
King
of
France
,
and
the
King
of
Sicily
ran
together
.
But
Aubusson
soon
grew
weary
of
that
which
employ'd
others
so
much
to
their
delight
.
Besides
that
he
naturally
lov'd
war
,
he
had
Principles
of
Piety
which
did
not
correspond
with
a
lazie
and
voluptuous
life
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
victories
of
John
Hunniades
,
and
George
Castriote
,
which
they
had
obtain'd
against
Amurat
,
inspir'd
him
with
a
new
zeal
for
Religion
:
and
the
Cruelties
which
the
Turks
exercis'd
against
the
Christians
at
the
Battel
of
Varna
,
awakn'd
in
him
the
hatred
which
he
had
conceiv'd
against
the
Enemies
of
Jesus
Christ
.
He
could
not
but
with
great
grief
of
mind
understand
the
report
which
ran
at
that
time
,
that
Vladislaus
King
of
Poland
,
and
Cardinal
Cesarini
,
the
Popes
Legate
had
been
flead
alive
by
those
Barbarians
.
But
it
was
joyful
news
to
him
,
that
the
Knights
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
had
obtain'd
several
advantages
against
the
Saracens
;
and
that
the
Soldan
of
Aegypt
,
had
a
little
before
rais'd
his
seige
from
before
Rhodes
.
In
the
midst
of
these
thoughts
,
he
took
a
resolution
to
fight
against
the
Infidels
,
and
to
the
end
he
might
be
indispensably
engag'd
thereto
,
he
fram'd
a
design
at
the
same
time
to
embrace
the
military
order
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
.
Heaven
,
that
inspir'd
him
with
these
high
thoughts
,
gave
him
the
power
to
execute
them
with
speed
.
He
departed
for
Rhodes
,
not
all
the
Charms
of
the
Court
being
able
to
detain
him
.
The
multitude
of
French
Gentlemen
that
daily
throng'd
to
Rhodes
to
be
made
Knights
,
had
oblig'd
the
Grand-master
to
make
an
Order
that
none
would
be
receiv'd
,
until
the
Treasury
,
exhausted
by
the
late
Wars
,
were
somewhat
replenish'd
.
Nevertheless
Aubusson
was
admitted
;
whether
it
were
that
they
saw
in
his
person
somewhat
extraordinary
that
spake
in
his
behalf
,
or
that
it
were
a
peculiar
favour
,
in
respect
to
Lewis
D'Aubusson
his
Uncle
,
one
of
the
most
famous
Knights
of
Rhodes
,
and
known
in
History
by
the
name
of
the
Commander
of
Charroux
:
Or
whether
it
were
that
the
Grand-master
were
inspir'd
to
exceed
his
own
Rules
in
favour
of
a
Person
,
who
was
afterwards
to
be
the
support
of
the
Order
.
Our
new
Knight
had
no
great
difficulty
to
undergo
the
usual
Examinations
,
though
at
that
time
they
were
much
more
strict
than
afterwards
.
For
all
things
that
render
a
Family
Illustrious
,
were
to
be
found
with
advantage
in
his
:
For
as
to
the
antiquity
of
it
,
the
original
of
the
House
of
Aubusson
,
is
unknown
and
uncertain
,
as
of
most
Families
in
the
world
.
But
that
which
may
be
certainly
averr'd
is
this
;
that
in
the
time
of
Charlemaine
,
the
Ancestors
of
Pierre
D'Aubusson
were
very
famous
in
France
.
For
the
Kings
of
the
second
race
having
settl'd
Counts
to
govern
every
Province
,
and
these
Lords
alwayes
choosing
the
greatest
Lords
of
their
Province
for
their
Lieutenants
,
Jeffrey
,
first
Count
of
Marche
,
chose
his
Lieutenant
out
of
the
House
of
Aubusson
,
about
the
year
860.
This
Lieutenant
to
the
Lord
,
whose
name
we
know
not
,
was
call'd
Vicount
D'Aubusson
from
the
name
of
the
principal
Place
which
he
possess'd
.
Turpin
,
who
was
elected
Bishop
of
Limoges
in
the
year
898
,
and
whom
Aymar
of
Chabanois
extolls
no
less
for
the
splendor
of
his
Birth
,
then
for
the
holiness
of
his
Life
,
was
the
Son
of
the
first
Vicount
of
Aubusson
,
and
Brother
of
Reginald
the
first
,
who
was
Vicount
under
his
Father
,
under
.
Sulpicius
the
second
,
Earl
of
Marche
,
Son
of
Jefferey
.
The
dignity
of
Vicount
remain'd
above
four
hundred
years
in
that
Family
of
Aubusson
,
successively
from
Father
to
Son
,
till
that
Raymund
the
first
having
no
Children
,
sold
it
to
Hugues
Earl
of
March
,
to
the
prejudice
of
his
Brother
Ranulphus
D'Aubusson
,
who
continu'd
the
Posterity
.
Piety
and
Liberality
,
which
in
those
times
highly
distinguish'd
the
great
Lords
from
those
of
mean
extraction
,
were
hereditary
vertues
in
this
Family
.
For
,
not
to
speak
any
thing
of
Bishop
Turpin
,
so
magnificent
in
all
that
concern'd
the
worship
of
the
Altar
;
the
Vicounts
D'Aubusson
,
were
alwaies
very
Religious
,
and
gave
considerable
Donations
to
several
Churches
and
Abbeys
.
These
Lords
and
their
Descendants
signaliz'd
themselves
upon
several
Occasions
,
where
the
interest
of
France
was
concern'd
Witness
Guy
D'Aubusson
,
who
performed
so
many
noble
Acts
,
in
the
War
with
the
English
under
Charles
the
fifth
,
who
having
receiv'd
many
wounds
in
the
defence
of
his
Castle
of
Monteil
,
was
tak'n
Prisoner
with
his
Wife
and
Children
by
the
Enemy
.
Witness
also
John
D'Aubusson
,
Lord
of
Borne
,
Anthony
D'Aubusson
,
Lord
of
Villeneare
,
and
Anthony
D'Aubusson
Lord
of
Monteil
,
who
made
their
fidelity
and
their
zeal
for
the
service
of
Charles
the
seventh
appear
;
whose
Chamberlaines
they
were
at
such
a
time
when
all
the
Kings
Officers
were
Peers
of
high
quality
.
Lastly
,
that
which
infinitely
advances
the
House
of
Aubusson
,
and
perhaps
distinguishes
it
from
all
others
,
is
this
,
that
being
so
ancient
,
it
was
never
mix'd
,
but
has
still
in
the
same
County
preserv'd
the
same
Estate
:
so
that
Francis
D'Aubusson
,
Duke
and
Peer
,
Marshal
of
France
,
and
Collonel
of
the
French
Guards
,
possesses
at
this
day
the
Signiory
of
Fueillade
,
which
has
been
time
out
of
mind
in
the
possession
of
the
Vicounts
D'Aubusson
his
Ancestors
.
But
to
return
to
our
History
,
Aubusson
was
no
sooner
arriv'd
at
Rhodes
,
but
he
understood
that
there
was
a
peace
going
to
be
made
with
Amurat
,
and
that
it
was
almost
concluded
by
the
Soldan
of
Egypt
.
In
regard
he
had
an
extream
passion
to
fight
with
the
enemies
of
Christ
,
this
news
was
not
overwelcome
to
him
,
only
he
was
in
hopes
that
it
would
soon
be
brok'n
.
In
the
mean
time
he
set
himself
to
study
the
duty
of
a
true
Knight
.
Presently
he
understood
that
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
were
to
joyn
together
in
Valour
and
Piety
:
that
a
cowardly
Knight
,
or
a
Libertine
,
was
something
monstrous
:
that
for
them
to
live
according
to
the
intent
of
their
Calling
,
there
was
a
necessity
for
them
exactly
to
follow
the
maxims
of
the
Gospel
,
and
that
they
were
not
to
draw
their
Swords
,
but
in
the
defence
of
the
Church
,
or
for
the
relief
of
the
Faithful
:
that
for
that
reason
they
wore
their
Cross
upon
their
Habit
,
and
that
their
Impresse
was
,
For
the
Faith
.
He
oft'n
revolv'd
in
his
mind
the
vertues
and
the
exploits
of
those
ancient
Knights
that
first
made
themselves
Masters
of
Rhodes
,
and
afterwards
so
couragiously
withstood
Ottoman
the
first
King
of
the
Turks
.
But
notwithstanding
the
peace
,
because
it
did
not
hinder
the
roving
of
Turkish
Pyrates
,
he
several
times
put
forth
to
Sea
,
and
so
well
acquitted
himself
upon
all
occasions
that
presented
,
that
he
obtain'd
the
commandery
of
Salins
,
in
the
first
years
of
his
service
.
John
de
Lustic
,
who
at
that
time
govern'd
the
Order
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
and
who
was
the
first
to
whom
the
publick
vogue
gave
the
title
of
Grand-master
,
soon
conceiv'd
a
high
Opinion
of
Monsieur
D'Aubusson
,
as
well
as
James
de
Milli
,
who
was
Grand
Prior
of
Auvergne
,
and
who
succeeded
John
de
Lustic
in
the
charge
of
Grand-master
.
The
affairs
of
Rhodes
were
calm
enough
,
when
the
death
of
Amurath
,
or
rather
the
ambition
of
Mahomet
his
successor
,
rais'd
strange
troubles
over
all
Christendom
.
Mahomet
the
second
is
so
often
mention'd
in
the
story
,
that
I
am
to
write
,
that
it
will
not
be
amiss
to
describe
him
before
I
go
any
farther
.
He
was
one
of
those
extraordinary
personages
,
who
are
not
only
endow'd
with
great
Vertues
,
and
great
Vices
;
but
one
also
freight
with
qualities
altogether
opposite
.
Never
was
there
a
Prince
more
wise
,
or
more
led
away
;
more
valiant
,
nor
more
effeminate
,
more
a
Master
,
nor
more
a
Slave
to
his
passions
then
he
.
Though
he
had
a
Countenance
somewhat
wild
,
and
something
of
terrible
in
his
eyes
,
he
could
put
on
a
mild
and
engaging
Aire
when
he
pleas'd
.
His
Serraglio
follow'd
him
every
where
;
and
he
gave
himself
up
to
his
pleasures
in
the
midst
of
the
toyles
of
war
;
but
he
was
melancholy
and
cruel
in
the
height
of
his
pleasures
,
killing
sometimes
with
his
own
hand
his
Favourites
and
his
Mistresses
in
the
heat
of
his
debauchery
;
so
soon
he
alter'd
from
love
to
choler
and
fury
.
He
also
committed
these
cruelties
sometimes
in
cold
blood
,
more
out
of
Policy
then
transportation
.
And
it
is
reported
of
him
,
that
when
he
reproach'd
the
Souldiers
for
effeminacie
,
and
slackness
in
discipline
;
certain
among
them
taking
the
boldness
to
hit
him
in
the
teeth
with
a
young
Grecian
whom
he
passionately
lov'd
,
he
caus'd
her
to
be
brought
forth
,
and
to
be
by
them
beheld
at
leisure
;
whereupon
when
the
Souldiers
dazl'd
with
her
beauty
,
agreed
that
the
Emperors
passion
was
not
without
good
reason
;
Mahomet
immediately
striking
off
her
dead
with
his
Scimitar
,
laid
her
head
at
their
feet
,
to
let
them
understand
,
that
Pleasure
was
not
his
Master
,
and
that
whatever
proneness
he
had
to
it
,
he
lov'd
nothing
beyond
his
duty
.
He
was
brought
up
by
his
Mother
in
the
principles
of
Christianity
,
&
instructed
by
Maximus
,
Patriarch
of
the
Greeks
.
However
,
he
only
made
profession
of
the
Mahometan
Religion
,
or
ratherhe
had
no
Religion
at
all
;
laughing
at
his
Prophet
,
and
regarding
less
the
Alcaron
then
the
Gospel
.
He
freely
confess'd
that
the
Christian
Law
was
an
admirable
Law
:
but
he
so
much
abhorr'd
the
Christians
,
that
when
he
met
with
one
,
he
was
alwaies
wont
to
wash
his
hands
and
mouth
,
as
if
the
very
sight
of
a
Christian
had
defil'd
him
.
He
thought
all
things
lawful
to
obtain
his
ends
:
and
never
kept
his
word
,
but
when
it
stood
with
the
conveniencie
of
his
affairs
.
For
he
pretended
that
he
ow'd
no
respect
to
any
one
,
and
treated
all
men
like
slaves
,
not
considering
that
he
ow'd
to
himself
the
fulfilling
of
the
word
which
he
had
giv'n
to
others
,
and
that
the
laws
of
fidelity
oblige
the
Masters
as
well
as
the
Slaves
.
Yet
was
he
just
to
his
Subjects
,
and
administer'd
justice
equally
to
all
his
people
.
He
thought
much
,
spoke
little
,
neglected
nothing
,
inform'd
himself
of
all
things
,
and
disguis'd
himself
often
to
see
what
pass'd
in
his
Serraglio
,
and
in
his
Army
.
He
understood
several
Languages
,
and
several
Sciences
,
amongst
the
rest
Astrology
,
which
he
study'd
very
much
.
He
was
a
lover
of
learned
men
,
and
excellent
Artists
of
any
Nation
whatever
.
Magnificent
toward
the
one
and
the
other
.
Observing
no
moderation
in
reward
,
no
more
then
he
did
in
punishment
.
Indefatigable
he
was
in
war
,
a
contemner
of
danger
,
resolute
in
bad
fortune
,
insolent
or
moderate
in
prosperitie
,
as
occasion
requir'd
:
cunning
to
conceal
his
enterprises
,
and
discover
those
of
his
enemies
:
Artificial
in
his
management
,
making
use
of
the
vilest
means
to
compass
his
ends
:
but
ambitious
to
excess
:
accounting
all
his
conquests
as
nothing
,
and
still
every
day
proposing
new
to
himself
.
So
predominant
was
the
love
of
honour
in
him
,
and
Alexander
the
great
so
much
his
model
,
that
he
read
his
life
continually
,
which
he
caused
on
purpose
to
be
translated
into
Arabic
,
and
he
did
him
the
honour
to
imitate
him
even
in
his
vices
.
When
Mahomet
had
taken
possession
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
,
after
the
death
of
Amurath
his
Father
,
he
was
presently
for
an
universal
Monarchy
,
and
first
he
undertook
to
subdue
the
Empire
of
the
Greeks
.
He
began
his
military
expeditions
with
the
seige
of
the
Capital
,
notwithstanding
the
peace
which
he
had
made
with
Constantine
Paleologus
,
Emperor
of
Constantinople
;
or
rather
it
was
under
the
protection
of
a
peace
solemnly
sworn
,
that
the
Barbarian
turn'd
his
armes
upon
that
side
.
In
regard
Constantine
had
made
no
provision
against
an
attempt
which
he
did
not
mistrust
,
and
for
that
the
succour
which
he
receiv'd
from
the
King
of
Arragon
▪
the
Pope
,
and
the
Republick
of
Venice
came
too
late
,
he
could
not
sustain
the
force
of
so
great
an
Army
;
so
that
the
City
was
carri'd
by
assault
by
the
Infidels
,
notwithstanding
the
resistance
of
the
Christians
.
Never
was
seen
a
more
tragical
spectacle
,
than
that
which
was
then
beheld
.
They
made
a
most
horrible
slaughter
every
where
;
nothing
escap'd
the
fury
of
the
Souldiers
.
Women
&
Virgins
of
qualitie
were
publickly
defil'd
;
and
afterwards
inhumanly
massacred
.
The
Images
&
reliques
of
the
Saints
were
cut
to
pieces
.
The
Resemblances
of
Christ
thrown
to
the
dogs
;
and
the
great
Crucifix
dragg'd
about
the
streets
,
with
most
dreadful
acclamations
and
imprecations
.
Constantine
rather
chose
to
dye
in
the
defence
of
his
Crown
and
faith
,
then
to
fall
alive
into
the
hands
of
the
Barbarians
.
His
head
was
carried
upon
a
Lance
round
about
the
City
;
and
that
there
might
not
any
footstep
remain
of
the
family
of
the
Paleologi
,
Mahomet
caus'd
the
Princes
and
Princesses
of
the
Blood-Royal
to
be
slain
in
the
midst
of
a
magnificent
Banquet
,
whereat
he
treated
the
Principal
Officers
of
his
Army
.
The
taking
of
Constantinople
cast
a
terror
upon
all
the
East
,
and
oblig'd
the
Despote
of
Servia
,
the
King
of
Cyprus
,
and
the
Emperour
of
Trebizond
,
to
sue
for
the
friendship
of
the
Turk
.
Which
they
could
not
obtain
,
but
upon
paying
a
certain
Tribute
,
as
the
Islands
of
Scio
,
and
Meteline
did
.
The
Knights
of
Rhodes
would
not
stoop
to
any
such
dishonourable
condition
;
and
though
Mahomets
Ambassador
threatn'd
the
Knights
with
all
that
could
be
expected
from
a
Potent
and
Victorious
Prince
,
if
they
refus'd
to
pay
him
2000.
Duccats
a
year
,
the
Grand-Master
answer'd
with
a
generous
Christianity
,
That
the
Order
of
Rhodes
acknowledg'd
none
but
the
Apostolick
See
,
which
knew
not
what
it
was
to
pay
Tribute
:
and
that
for
his
part
he
was
resolv'd
rather
to
dye
a
thousand
deaths
,
then
to
suffer
in
his
time
,
that
the
Government
which
he
had
receiv'd
free
,
should
become
tributary
;
and
that
if
Mahomet
made
war
against
the
faith
of
Treaties
,
he
hop'd
that
God
,
who
is
the
revenger
of
injuries
and
impieties
,
would
defend
his
own
Worship
against
all
the
Ottoman
Power
.
In
regard
the
Knights
were
fearful
least
so
fierce
an
Answer
might
provoke
Mahomet
,
they
made
it
their
business
to
provide
against
so
formidable
an
enemy
.
But
because
the
Society
was
then
poor
,
and
not
able
to
maintain
a
long
war
of
it self
,
they
thought
it
their
best
way
to
engage
the
Christian
Princes
to
their
side
,
especially
the
King
of
France
,
upon
whom
they
lookt
upon
as
the
best
friend
of
their
Order
.
The
Commander
D'Aubusson
was
chosen
for
this
Embassage
out
of
all
the
Commanders
of
the
French
Nation
.
Not
only
because
he
had
a
particular
knowledge
and
dexterity
in
managing
affairs
,
but
because
he
was
known
to
the
Court
of
France
.
He
departed
from
Rhodes
at
the
time
that
James
de
Milli
succeeded
John
de
Lustic
,
Grand-Master
of
the
Order
,
and
arriv'd
in
France
,
a
little
after
the
Cardinal
d'Avignon
,
whom
the
Pope
had
sent
thither
,
to
encite
the
French
against
the
Turk
.
The
Embassador
of
Rhodes
was
entertain'd
after
an
extraordinary
manner
,
either
because
the
Court
had
a
great
esteem
for
him
,
or
because
they
had
a
design
to
keep
him
in
delay
.
He
saw
through
the
gentleness
and
caresses
which
he
receiv'd
,
which
way
the
Court
stood
affected
toward
the
Holy-war
.
The
King
would
not
undertake
it
by
any
means
,
whether
he
thought
his
Kingdom
too
much
exhausted
to
defray
the
expence
of
a
war
that
might
prove
of
a
long
continuance
;
or
whether
he
minded
nothing
but
his
Repose
,
after
his
past
toiles
,
or
that
the
Charms
of
the
fair
Agnes
had
cool'd
his
zeal
which
he
formerly
had
for
the
interest
of
the
Church
;
or
whether
it
were
that
he
would
not
submit
to
the
inclinations
of
his
Son
,
who
was
retir'd
male-content
,
to
Philip
Duke
of
Burgundie
,
the
most
zealous
of
all
the
Christian
Princes
,
and
one
that
had
declar'd
himself
so
much
an
enemy
of
the
Turk
,
that
he
solemnly
swore
to
make
war
upon
them
.
The
Cardinal
Legate
who
was
a
Frenchman
,
and
very
understanding
in
affairs
,
appli'd
himself
wholly
to
effect
this
Negotiation
.
After
many
Conferences
in
vain
with
the
publick
Ministers
,
he
treated
at
last
in
particular
with
the
King
,
not
being
able
to
obtain
any
thing
.
Calistus
being
advertis'd
of
the
Kings
disposition
,
writ
to
him
very
sharp
Letters
;
threatning
him
at
length
with
the
Thunderbolts
of
Rome
,
and
the
Malediction
of
Heaven
,
if
he
refus'd
the
holy
League
.
Those
Letters
wrought
no
effect
,
if
they
did
not
make
it
worse
.
The
King
was
incens'd
at
the
Popes
threats
,
and
not
perswaded
by
his
reasons
.
In
such
a
ticklish
conjuncture
,
there
appear'd
no
probability
of
hopes
for
the
Commander
D'Aubusson
.
However
he
ceas'd
not
to
act
:
and
in
regard
that
besides
the
character
of
an
Embassador
he
had
other
good
qualities
,
which
made
him
esteem'd
by
the
King
and
his
Ministers
,
he
was
heard
more
favourably
then
the
Legate
.
He
represented
at
first
that
Christendom
was
never
in
more
eminent
danger
,
and
that
there
was
nothing
which
we
had
not
to
fear
,
if
the
Progress
of
the
Infidels
were
not
quickly
stopp'd
;
that
Mahomet
since
the
taking
of
Constantinople
aim'd
at
nothing
but
Rome
;
that
he
was
fall'n
into
Hungaria
,
to
enter
into
Germany
,
with
a
purpose
to
make
his
way
that
way
into
Italy
.
That
it
was
one
of
his
maxims
,
that
as
there
is
but
one
God
in
Heaven
,
so
there
could
not
be
but
one
Monarch
upon
Earth
:
That
he
had
been
constrain'd
to
raise
his
▪
siege
before
Belgrade
,
because
he
had
not
taken
the
right
course
,
and
for
that
he
had
been
wounded
himself
,
but
that
his
misfortune
had
no
way
disincourag'd
him
;
that
he
was
one
of
those
great
men
that
make
the
best
advantage
of
their
errors
and
misfortunes
;
or
rather
that
he
was
like
the
fiercer
sort
of
Beasts
,
who
when
they
have
receiv'd
a
wound
and
feel
their
blood
begin
to
flow
,
are
never
more
furious
till
then
.
That
since
his
ill
success
in
Hungary
,
he
had
drawn
to
his
side
the
Soldan
of
Egypt
,
the
Caraman
and
the
Tartar
,
and
that
he
would
return
with
fresh
forces
to
the
siege
of
the
Belgrade
;
and
that
his
Generals
who
had
tak'n
almost
all
the
Isles
in
the
Archipelago
,
would
soon
powre
their
fury
upon
Rhodes
.
In
short
that
those
two
Ramparts
of
Christendom
being
forc'd
,
not
any
of
the
Dominions
of
the
Christian
Princes
could
be
safe
,
either
by
Sea
or
Land
.
Aubusson
,
afterwards
represented
to
the
King
,
that
being
the
eldest
Son
the
Church
,
he
could
not
forsake
their
interest
without
dishonour
to
himself
.
That
as
for
the
transportment
of
the
Pope
,
it
was
but
a
transportment
of
zeal
,
and
that
his
good
intentions
deserv'd
the
pardon
of
a
few
sharp
expressions
.
He
added
at
length
,
that
because
there
were
in
Rhodes
more
Knights
of
the
French
,
then
of
any
other
Nations
in
the
world
the
Monarch
of
France
could
not
in
justice
dispence
with
succouring
the
Island
,
at
a
time
when
it
lay
only
in
his
power
to
do
it
.
That
Alphonsus
King
of
Aragon
,
so
wise
and
so
brave
before
he
came
into
Italy
,
was
not
only
effeminated
by
the
delights
of
Naples
,
but
embroyl'd
with
Pope
Calixtus
;
who
though
a
native
of
Arragon
,
had
refus'd
to
give
him
the
investiture
of
the
Kingdom
of
Sicily
,
and
to
assure
the
succession
to
Ferdinand
his
natural
son
.
That
Henry
King
of
Castile
,
as
poor
spirited
,
and
more
vitious
then
his
Father
,
had
business
at
home
and
abroad
;
and
that
his
Rebellious
subjects
found
him
as
much
work
,
as
the
Moors
of
Granada
his
Neighbours
and
Enemies
.
Thas
▪
Henry
of
England
was
not
Master
at
home
,
and
that
the
Duke
of
York
who
had
usurp'd
the
Government
,
minded
nothing
but
to
sustain
himself
against
his
Rivals
.
That
the
Emperor
Frederick
liv'd
an
idle
life
,
minding
neither
his
own
honor
,
nor
the
safety
of
Christendom
.
That
besides
,
the
war
grew
hot
between
the
Empire
and
Hungary
,
and
that
Ladislaus
at
the
same
time
was
to
make
head
against
the
Emperor
and
the
Turk
.
That
civil
dissentions
turmoyl'd
all
Italy
,
and
that
the
Kingdoms
of
Sweedland
&
Danemark
were
full
of
troubles
,
Christiern
had
been
set
up
in
the
place
of
Charles
,
whose
irregularities
and
crimes
had
render'd
him
unworthy
of
the
Crown
.
That
Alphonso
King
of
Portugal
,
quiet
enough
at
home
,
wanted
not
a
good
will
,
but
that
all
he
could
do
was
but
very
little
,
if
a
Prince
more
potent
then
himself
did
not
assist
him
.
That
thus
France
being
the
only
Kingdom
in
Europe
that
enjoy'd
a
true
peace
;
it
was
only
from
France
that
they
could
expect
relief
sufficient
to
ruine
the
designes
of
the
Port
,
and
for
that
reason
parhaps
it
was
that
Heaven
had
freed
it
from
the
power
of
the
English
.
All
these
reasons
propounded
after
a
smart
and
insinuating
manner
,
made
a
deep
impression
upon
Charles's
thoughts
.
That
Prince
who
was
so
averse
before
to
the
Holy-war
,
began
to
desire
it
,
and
awaking
from
the
profound
sleep
wherein
his
pleasures
had
lull'd
him
,
he
only
follow'd
the
motions
of
his
Piety
and
Courage
.
He
gave
liberty
to
Cardinal
D'Avignon
to
leavy
a
tenth
upon
the
Clergy
,
to
defray
the
expence
of
the
war
;
he
entred
into
a
League
against
Mahomet
with
Hungarie
,
and
that
there
might
be
no
question
of
his
faithful
inclinations
,
he
confirm'd
the
League
by
the
marriage
of
Magdalene
of
France
his
Daughter
with
King
'
Ladislaus
.
As
for
the
Knights
,
he
promis'd
them
all
assistance
,
and
immediately
caus'd
sixtie
thousand
Crowns
in
Gold
to
be
paid
to
the
Embassador
of
Rhodes
.
Aubusson
lay'd
out
that
mony
for
provisions
of
war
,
according
to
the
orders
he
receiv'd
,
and
freighted
away
Ships
laden
with
Canon
,
Armes
,
Powder
and
Lead
.
Then
he
departed
himself
,
after
he
had
collected
most
of
the
money
,
which
was
due
to
the
Order
in
several
parts
of
Europe
.
The
success
of
the
Embassie
,
and
the
Letter
which
he
presented
to
the
Grand-Master
from
the
King
of
France
,
made
him
to
be
acceptably
receiv'd
by
the
Knights
and
all
the
people
.
The
Letter
was
very
generous
and
very
obliging
.
For
the
King
after
he
had
only
spok'n
a
word
or
two
touching
the
gratifying
of
their
desires
,
and
excus'd
himself
for
not
having
done
more
at
the
present
juncture
,
frankly
engag'd
himself
to
give
them
farther
assistance
,
and
assur'd
them
of
his
friendship
,
in
very
civil
and
affectionate
language
,
which
Kings
were
not
wont
to
make
use
of
.
But
whatever
obligation
the
Order
had
to
Charles
the
seventh
,
the
Spanish
Knights
could
not
forbear
to
deal
very
rudely
with
the
French
Knights
at
a
general
Chapter
,
held
a
little
after
the
return
of
the
Embassador
,
and
which
was
no
less
famous
for
the
attempts
of
Hostile
Nations
or
enemies
of
France
,
then
for
the
number
of
famous
Commanders
that
were
present
.
So
soon
as
the
Chapter
war
open'd
,
the
Knight
de
Linian
,
Procurator
of
the
Spanish
tongue
,
stood
up
,
and
said
aloud
,
that
they
ought
not
to
proceed
any
farther
,
without
decreeing
one
Article
which
he
ought
to
propose
,
and
which
was
very
important
,
the
publick
tranquility
.
To
which
purpose
,
he
requir'd
,
that
all
the
dignities
of
the
Order
should
be
equal
,
and
that
there
should
be
no
distinction
of
Languages
,
nor
of
precedency
,
nor
in
any
other
marks
of
Honour
.
He
was
seconded
in
his
proposal
,
by
the
Knight
de
Rivalta
,
Procurator
of
the
Italian
tongue
,
and
the
Procurators
all
England
and
Germany
.
But
the
French
,
who
had
alwayes
match'd
before
other
Nations
,
oppos'd
with
all
their
might
the
Proposal
of
Linian
,
and
above
all
the
Commander
D'Aubusson
,
who
held
a
considerable
degree
in
the
Assembly
,
by
vertue
of
his
title
of
Constable
of
Rhodes
,
and
Procurator
of
the
Grand-Master
.
The
zeal
which
he
had
for
the
Honour
of
his
Country
,
made
him
speak
louder
and
more
earnest
then
the
rest
.
To
shew
how
unjust
the
Proposition
of
the
Spaniards
was
,
he
declar'd
in
few
words
,
that
the
French
being
the
first
Founders
of
the
Order
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
deserv'd
such
honour
as
should
distinguish
them
from
other
Languages
that
were
associated
with
them
,
and
which
they
had
adopted
:
That
those
particular
honours
being
the
recompence
of
their
vertue
,
it
would
be
injustice
to
deprive
them
of
them
.
That
their
Predecessors
had
peaceably
enjoy'd
them
,
without
being
ever
molested
or
oppos'd
:
That
antiquity
of
Possession
was
a
good
Title
for
precedencie
:
And
that
in
a
well
regulated
Constitution
all
Innovations
were
of
dangerous
consequence
:
After
all
,
that
it
was
not
a
time
then
to
dispute
of
such
matters
,
and
that
they
would
incur
the
malediction
of
the
Church
,
according
to
the
Popes
Breif
touching
the
celebration
of
the
Chapter
,
if
they
discours'd
of
any
other
matters
,
then
what
concern'd
the
general
good
of
Christendom
.
The
Spaniards
and
their
accomplices
often
interrupted
Aubusson
,
and
endeavour'd
to
carry
by
force
,
what
they
could
not
obtain
by
justice
.
But
finding
at
length
that
the
French
party
was
the
strongest
,
and
that
they
were
not
all
hearkn'd
to
,
they
flung
out
of
the
Assembly
,
and
afterwards
departed
the
Town
,
notwithstanding
the
prohibition
of
the
Grand-Master
:
so
that
this
Affair
,
which
,
as
the
Spaniards
pretended
so
much
imported
the
publick
tranquility
,
was
but
a
trick
to
divide
and
break
up
the
Assembly
.
But
the
Commander
D'Aubusson
had
another
occasion
to
stand
up
for
the
honour
of
France
while
he
defended
his
own
.
The
news
being
brought
to
the
Grand-Master
that
Mahomet
was
equipping
out
a
great
Fleet
,
and
that
the
Turks
might
attacque
the
Island
of
Rhodes
,
the
Knight
Villemarin
a
Spaniard
,
and
a
person
of
merit
,
but
ambitious
,
and
naturally
turbulent
,
propos'd
in
Council
with
much
heat
,
that
he
might
immediately
give
order
for
all
things
necessary
for
the
defence
of
the
City
,
and
made
a
large
recital
of
what
was
needful
,
with
all
the
marks
of
a
sedulous
care
.
Aubusson
who
was
Castellaine
of
the
City
,
and
who
besides
that
,
exercis'd
the
Command
of
Captain
General
in
the
absence
of
the
Marshal
of
the
Order
,
fearing
least
Villamarin
,
whose
haughty
and
daring
humour
he
knew
,
should
usurp
the
charge
of
Captain
General
,
answer'd
him
sternly
,
that
there
was
no
want
of
power
;
that
he
might
set
himself
at
rest
for
that
;
and
that
he
had
nothing
to
do
to
intrude
himself
upon
those
duties
that
did
not
belong
to
him
:
That
it
was
the
Captain
General
who
was
to
take
care
for
the
security
of
the
City
:
That
that
employment
anciently
belong'd
to
the
Auvergnon
Tongue
,
and
that
the
Spanish
Language
bad
nothing
to
do
with
it
.
Villemarin
made
a
semblance
of
submitting
to
his
reasons
,
and
gave
no
reply
at
that
time
,
either
to
conceal
his
design
,
or
to
give
himself
time
to
consider
what
he
had
to
do
.
But
the
next
day
,
having
consulted
the
Knights
of
his
own
Nation
,
which
were
return'd
to
Rhodes
,
whose
behaviour
the
Grand-Master
had
also
pardon'd
,
he
appear'd
at
the
head
of
them
in
Council
,
and
with
an
affected
Air
of
modesty
,
said
,
that
the
Spanish
Language
did
not
pretend
to
the
charge
of
Captain
General
;
but
that
he
,
and
all
the
rest
of
the
Nation
desir'd
that
they
might
have
the
opportunity
to
perform
their
duties
to
the
utmost
of
their
power
,
as
well
as
the
French
.
Aubusson
,
who
saw
that
this
manner
of
proceeding
,
was
only
a
meer
fetch
,
and
that
the
Spaniards
,
under
pretence
of
demanding
the
exercise
of
their
duty
,
had
a
design
upon
the
Command
it self
,
repli'd
with
more
sternness
and
vigour
then
before
,
that
the
charge
of
Captain
General
was
annexed
to
the
dignity
of
Marshal
of
the
Order
;
that
only
belong'd
to
the
Auvergnian
Language
,
of
whom
the
Marshal
was
the
chief
,
to
do
the
duties
of
it
;
and
that
Spain
had
nothing
to
do
to
meddle
with
France
as
to
that
particular
.
The
Council
adjudg'd
that
Villemarin's
wariness
was
without
any
ground
;
and
the
Affair
was
decreed
in
favour
of
the
French
,
to
the
disgrace
of
the
Spaniards
,
who
in
vain
protested
against
all
that
was
done
,
in
regard
that
their
Protests
could
not
be
Register'd
.
Notwithstanding
the
advantage
which
France
had
in
these
Contests
,
that
hinder'd
not
,
but
that
Peter
Raymund
Zacosta
,
a
Castillian
,
was
chosen
Grand-Master
,
in
the
room
of
James
de
Milli
,
who
dy'd
at
that
time
;
the
Spaniards
were
also
divided
into
two
Languages
,
the
one
Arragonian
,
the
other
Castillian
;
in
favour
of
the
latter
of
which
,
there
was
a
new
Dignity
created
under
the
of
Chancellor
of
the
Order
.
Yet
neither
the
credit
which
the
Spaniards
had
with
the
new
Grand-Master
,
nor
the
animosities
which
they
had
conceiv'd
against
the
French
could
hinder
,
but
that
the
Commander
Aubusson
had
alwaies
his
share
in
the
management
of
Affairs
,
and
was
highly
honour'd
by
the
Chapter
General
which
was
held
at
Rome
.
To
understand
this
part
of
the
History
,
it
is
convenient
to
relate
the
reason
which
oblig'd
the
Grand-Master
to
pass
into
Italy
,
with
the
principal
Knights
,
at
a
time
when
it
was
thought
that
they
ought
not
to
have
been
absent
.
The
Negotiation
of
the
Embassador
which
Mahomet
sent
to
Rome
,
to
treat
of
peace
,
or
rather
to
lull
the
Knights
asleep
while
his
Arms
were
employ'd
in
other
places
,
having
not
taken
effect
,
the
Grand-Master
thought
it
convenient
to
lay
up
a
bank
for
the
War
,
and
began
to
levy
the
Tax
which
had
been
impos'd
upon
all
the
Estates
of
the
Order
.
The
most
part
of
the
absent
Commanders
,
who
lead
lives
irregular
enough
,
and
for
whom
great
Revenues
were
not
large
enough
to
maintain
their
luxury
,
refus'd
to
pay
that
which
was
their
due
.
However
,
to
excuse
themselves
in
some
measure
,
they
cry'd
out
that
the
Tax
was
too
high
,
that
Zacosta
sought
only
to
ruine
them
,
and
enrich
himself
;
and
that
his
Government
grew
every
day
more
and
more
tyrannical
.
They
also
did
him
ill
offices
to
the
Princes
which
they
found
enclin'd
to
hear
them
.
The
Italians
and
French
did
all
they
could
to
animate
against
him
the
Duke
of
Venice
and
the
King
of
Naples
;
but
the
Spaniards
render'd
him
altogether
odious
to
the
King
of
Arragon
,
already
provok'd
for
that
the
Council
of
Rhodes
had
tak'n
from
an
Arragonois
the
Commandery
,
of
Emposta
,
to
put
Zacosta
in
his
room
.
That
Prince
,
who
was
one
of
the
Greatest
of
his
time
,
and
who
wanted
not
for
credit
at
Rome
,
inform'd
the
Pope
of
all
,
and
advis'd
him
to
send
for
the
Grand
Master
,
and
to
examine
how
he
had
carry'd
himself
.
The
Pope
believ'd
the
King
of
Arragon
,
but
to
save
in
some
measure
the
honour
of
the
party
accus'd
,
he
order'd
the
General
Chapter
,
which
should
have
been
held
at
Rhodes
,
to
be
held
at
Rome
,
where
the
affairs
of
the
Order
might
be
better
consulted
then
in
any
other
place
.
Zacosta
,
who
was
ignorant
of
the
evil
designs
of
his
enemies
,
blindly
obeys
the
Orders
of
the
Pope
,
and
his
innocency
seem'd
to
afford
him
strength
to
undergo
the
toil
of
a
Voyage
in
the
extremity
of
old
age
.
In
this
famous
Assembly
it
was
,
wherein
Paul
the
second
presided
in
Person
,
that
the
Commander
D'Aubusson
was
highly
preferr'd
.
For
besides
that
at
the
opening
of
the
Chapter
,
he
was
chosen
for
one
of
the
Procurators
of
the
Treasury
,
he
was
one
of
the
sixteen
Knights
that
were
afterwards
elected
,
and
who
according
to
the
Statutes
of
the
Order
,
had
a
joint
power
to
look
after
the
most
important
affairs
.
But
his
principal
business
was
to
justifie
the
innocence
of
the
Grand
Master
Zacosta
;
to
which
purpose
he
ply'd
Cardinal
Vrsini
and
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Milan
,
who
were
brought
into
the
Chapter
by
the
Popes
order
,
being
persons
in
whom
the
Pope
had
a
great
confidence
.
After
he
had
well
inform'd
them
of
the
loose
life
of
the
Knights
who
refus'd
to
pay
the
Tax
,
he
easily
made
them
understand
,
that
the
Complaints
which
they
made
against
the
Grand
Master
had
no
other
foundation
then
the
dissoluteness
of
his
Enemies
.
But
to
remove
out
of
the
Popes
thoughts
all
apprehensions
of
any
tyrannical
Government
exercis'd
by
the
Grand
Master
,
he
engag'd
several
of
the
most
sober
and
prudent
Knights
to
give
testimony
to
the
Pope
of
the
conduct
and
management
of
Zacosta
.
The
Pope
was
asham'd
that
he
so
easily
believ'd
the
accusers
of
Zacosta
;
and
to
make
him
some
kind
of
publick
satisfaction
,
he
caress'd
him
,
and
shew'd
him
more
then
ordinary
favours
before
all
the
world
.
But
as
his
Holiness
had
been
inform'd
by
Cardinal
Vrsini
and
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Milan
of
the
debauchery
of
the
disobedient
Knights
,
he
consulted
with
the
Grand
Master
how
to
reduce
them
to
their
duty
.
He
also
made
a
speech
in
Latin
to
the
Knights
that
were
assembled
upon
the
obligation
that
lay
upon
them
all
together
,
to
lead
a
life
not
only
vertuous
and
regular
,
but
holy
and
irreproachable
.
The
zeal
of
the
Pope
rais'd
up
that
of
the
Chapter
.
They
seriously
fell
to
consider
what
way
to
take
to
remedy
the
disorders
that
were
crept
into
the
Order
,
and
made
Laws
for
the
Reformation
of
Manners
,
which
after
they
had
been
examin'd
by
the
sixteen
Knights
,
and
some
of
the
Cardinals
,
were
approv'd
and
confirm'd
by
the
Pope
himself
.
Aubusson
was
extreamly
rejoic'd
that
he
had
not
labour'd
in
vain
;
but
he
had
not
the
satisfaction
to
see
the
Grand
Master
himself
put
the
Laws
in
execution
;
Zacosta
dy'd
as
soon
as
the
Assembly
was
broke
up
.
The
Pope
was
so
much
the
more
aggriev'd
at
it
,
because
he
lookt
upon
himself
to
be
in
some
sort
the
cause
of
his
death
;
for
it
was
the
general
report
that
this
journey
to
Rome
had
shorten'd
the
days
of
that
venerable
old
man
.
He
was
buried
with
a
magnificence
extraordinary
in
the
Church
of
St.
Peter
,
before
the
Chappel
of
St.
Gregory
.
The
Marble
that
was
laid
over
him
,
sufficiently
testifies
him
to
have
been
illustrious
in
piety
,
in
charity
,
and
in
wisdom
;
and
his
Epitaph
might
have
serv'd
him
for
an
Apology
,
had
he
had
any
need
of
it
after
his
death
.
Baptista
Vrsini
,
Prior
of
Rome
,
was
elected
Grand
Master
,
before
the
Knights
were
separated
.
He
departed
for
Rhodes
presently
after
his
election
,
upon
information
that
his
presence
was
absolutely
necessary
there
.
When
he
came
there
he
found
the
Treasury
wasted
,
the
Fortifications
decay'd
,
good
part
of
the
Ammunition
spent
,
and
all
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Island
alarm'd
at
Mahomets
preparations
.
The
Barbarian
puft
up
with
his
former
Conquests
,
advanc'd
every
day
like
a
surious
Torrent
that
finds
no
resistance
,
or
which
becomes
more
impetuous
and
rapid
by
the
resistance
which
it
meets
with
.
The
death
of
the
generous
Scanderbeg
made
him
more
insolent
then
ever
;
insomuch
,
that
when
he
heard
the
news
,
he
said
,
that
he
would
now
be
soon
Master
of
Christendom
,
since
she
had
lost
her
Sword
and
Buckler
.
The
first
step
which
the
Grand
Master
made
to
remedy
these
disorders
,
was
to
recall
all
the
Knights
which
the
journey
to
Rome
had
scatter'd
,
or
which
the
pleasures
of
Italy
,
or
the
affairs
of
the
Order
hinder'd
from
returning
.
The
Commander
Aubusson
,
who
was
recall'd
by
name
,
came
to
Rhodes
at
the
same
time
that
two
Gallies
were
preparing
to
succour
the
Island
of
Negropont
,
into
which
Mahomet
was
enter'd
by
land
with
an
Army
of
two
hundred
thousand
men
,
by
the
help
of
wooden
Bridges
built
upon
great
Barks
in
the
Streight
of
Saint
Mark
,
while
Basha
Mahomet
,
his
Favourite
,
assail'd
it
by
Sea
with
a
Navy
of
two
hundred
Sail.
The
impatience
which
Aubusson
had
to
fight
the
Infidels
,
made
him
eager
for
employment
upon
this
occasion
.
The
Grand
Master
had
already
nam'd
the
Knight
Cardona
to
command
the
Gallies
;
so
that
all
he
could
do
for
Aubusson
,
was
to
give
him
the
Command
of
a
Troop
of
stout
men
,
that
were
order'd
to
be
the
Companions
of
Cardona's
Fortune
.
When
the
Gallies
were
ready
,
they
set
sail
,
and
join'd
with
the
Venetian
Fleet
,
which
the
Republick
sent
to
the
relief
of
Negropont
.
The
Fleet
appear'd
in
view
of
the
Isle
when
the
Barbarians
were
ready
for
the
assault
;
and
Mahomet
,
who
saw
them
coming
,
was
not
a
little
troubled
.
But
all
that
preparation
came
to
nothing
,
and
the
Knights
were
forc'd
to
lye
still
,
and
behold
the
City
taken
before
their
faces
,
through
the
cowardice
or
imprudence
of
the
Venetians
,
who
having
the
Wind
and
Tide
favourable
,
instead
of
making
use
of
the
opportunity
,
stopt
short
,
and
fell
to
consultation
,
when
it
was
time
to
act
.
The
Grand
Signior
was
so
enrag'd
at
the
succour
which
the
Order
had
given
to
the
Venetians
,
and
the
incursions
which
they
had
made
into
divers
parts
of
Turky
,
during
his
being
busied
in
Negropont
,
that
without
any
farther
deliberation
he
declar'd
War
against
them
.
A
Herauld
publish'd
the
Declaration
by
sound
of
Trumpet
;
and
Mahomets
rage
went
so
far
,
that
he
vow'd
in
a
furious
passion
that
he
would
kill
the
Grand
Master
with
his
own
hands
,
and
cut
to
pieces
all
the
Knights
that
fell
into
his
power
.
After
a
War
so
solemnly
and
outragiously
declar'd
,
there
was
nothing
thought
upon
in
Rhodes
but
to
make
preparations
to
withstand
the
fury
of
Mahomet
.
They
began
with
a
general
Assembly
so
soon
as
the
Gallies
were
return'd
;
and
Aubusson
was
in
this
Chapter
one
of
the
sixteen
Knights
who
govern'd
every
thing
,
as
he
had
been
in
that
of
Rome
.
He
was
also
one
of
the
Administrators
of
the
Treasury
,
which
were
elected
extraordinarily
;
for
as
there
was
little
order
in
the
Treasury
,
and
for
that
the
Chapter
of
Rome
had
very
much
exhausted
it
,
they
thought
it
convenient
to
trust
the
management
thereof
to
six
Knights
of
known
integrity
and
ability
,
giving
them
an
absolute
and
independent
power
as
to
what
concern'd
the
publick
stock
,
without
obliging
them
to
give
any
account
to
the
Grand
Master
,
or
the
Council
.
But
besides
those
advantages
which
Aubusson
had
common
with
the
rest
of
the
Knights
,
he
was
also
honour'd
in
particular
with
a
new
dignity
.
The
Auvergnian
language
represented
to
the
Council
,
that
in
regard
they
had
a
great
number
of
Knights
that
faithfully
serv'd
the
Order
,
and
few
dignities
that
depended
upon
the
Council
,
they
demanded
for
a
recompence
of
their
service
,
that
they
might
have
bestow'd
upon
them
some
particular
jurisdiction
,
as
other
languages
had
,
that
were
less
ancient
and
less
numerous
.
The
request
seem'd
but
reasonable
,
so
that
the
Chapter
in
favour
of
them
made
a
new
Capital
Jurisdiction
;
they
gave
them
authority
to
assign
a
Commandery
for
the
revenue
of
the
Charge
,
and
declar'd
at
the
same
time
,
that
the
Baily
whom
they
should
elect
,
should
enjoy
his
Commandery
in
the
same
manner
as
other
Bailies
;
that
is
to
say
,
that
he
should
enjoy
all
the
prerogatives
and
pre
eminencies
that
are
appropriated
to
Capital
Jurisdictions
and
Commanderies
.
They
annex'd
the
Commandery
of
Luteil
to
the
new
Bailywick
,
and
after
that
Aubusson
was
elected
Baily
,
as
he
that
was
adjudg'd
fittest
for
the
dignity
.
The
first
time
that
Aubusson
took
his
place
in
Council
as
Baily
,
he
spoke
for
Charlotte
de
Lusignan
Queen
of
Cyprus
.
For
that
unfortunate
Princess
,
whom
the
Rebellion
of
her
Subjects
had
reduc'd
almost
to
utmost
extremity
,
could
find
no
Sanctuary
but
Rhodes
,
after
the
ruine
of
her
affairs
.
There
she
stay'd
for
some
time
,
and
was
entertain'd
at
the
expences
of
the
Order
.
But
in
regard
her
ill
fortune
had
not
broken
her
courage
,
she
resolv'd
upon
a
journey
to
Rome
,
to
desire
aid
of
the
Pope
against
her
rebellious
Subjects
,
or
at
least
to
oblige
him
to
thunder
out
against
them
the
Anathema's
of
the
Church
.
And
that
which
made
her
absolutely
determine
upon
that
course
,
was
the
conveniency
of
the
French
Gallies
then
in
the
Port
of
Rhodes
,
which
were
suddenly
to
set
sail
for
Naples
.
But
in
regard
she
was
very
poor
,
and
had
not
wherewithall
to
defray
the
expences
of
her
journey
,
she
desir'd
those
Knights
who
seem'd
to
have
most
compassion
and
kindness
for
her
,
to
speak
to
the
Grand
Master
to
supply
her
with
what
was
necessary
to
carry
her
into
Italy
.
The
Baily
Aubusson
was
very
much
troubled
for
the
misfortunes
of
the
Queen
,
and
espous'd
her
interest
.
He
wish'd
with
all
his
heart
,
that
the
condition
of
the
affairs
of
Rhodes
would
have
permitted
the
Knights
to
have
restor'd
her
to
her
Throne
,
nor
were
there
any
dangers
to
which
he
would
not
have
expos'd
himself
to
serve
her
.
But
because
there
was
no
likelihood
of
undertaking
any
thing
abroad
,
while
the
Order
was
in
so
much
danger
at
home
;
he
only
represented
,
that
since
the
Knights
of
St.
John
were
not
in
a
condition
to
restore
a
Queen
dispoil'd
of
her
Kingdom
,
that
had
put
her self
under
their
protection
,
that
they
would
at
least
relieve
a
Queen
in
necessity
,
who
did
as
it
were
crave
their
Alms.
That
it
was
true
,
that
the
Treasury
was
not
over
rich
,
and
that
Mony
was
a
precious
thing
in
case
of
a
Siege
,
but
that
there
were
certain
occasions
,
wherein
decency
,
generosity
,
charity
and
justice
were
to
prevail
above
ordinary
prudence
;
and
that
after
all
was
done
,
that
the
Springs
of
Providence
were
inexhaustible
,
and
that
Heaven
was
never
wont
to
fail
them
that
inconvenienc'd
themselves
to
relieve
the
miserable
.
He
spoke
with
so
much
earnestness
,
and
with
such
a
lively
and
encouraging
Air
,
that
the
Council
order'd
,
notwithstanding
the
opposition
of
the
Knights
,
either
wanting
generosity
,
or
over-prudent
,
that
the
Queen
of
Cyprus
should
be
plentifully
furnish'd
with
all
things
necessary
for
her
Voyage
.
The
Baily
D'Aubusson
was
order'd
himself
,
as
one
of
the
Managers
of
the
Treasury
,
to
give
her
what
Money
he
should
think
fit
;
and
he
so
well
acquitted
himself
,
that
the
Queen
had
no
occasion
to
complain
.
But
to
return
to
the
preparations
for
War
,
though
the
Venetian
found
the
Turk
employment
sufficient
in
Dalmatia
;
and
that
the
Alliance
which
the
Venetians
had
made
with
Vssumcassan
King
of
Persia
,
after
the
taking
of
Negropont
,
had
somewhat
discompos'd
the
designs
of
Mahomet
,
however
the
Knights
were
careful
to
stand
upon
their
Guard
;
and
because
the
Walls
were
either
ruin'd
or
weak
in
some
places
,
they
labour'd
continually
in
the
repair
of
them
,
giving
to
Baily
Aubusson
the
charge
of
looking
after
the
Fortifications
of
the
City
.
He
had
apply'd
himself
in
his
youth
to
that
Military
Science
,
wherein
betimes
he
became
so
expert
that
the
most
able
Ingineers
could
teach
him
nothing
.
He
was
not
content
only
to
repair
the
breaches
,
but
he
added
something
new
to
the
ancient
Works
.
He
caus'd
the
Moats
to
be
made
wider
and
broader
;
but
because
it
was
nois'd
about
,
that
Mahomet
was
preparing
his
Galleys
against
the
Knights
of
St.
John
,
and
that
the
Turkish
Army
which
had
rais'd
their
Siege
from
before
Scutari
,
might
well
come
to
Rhodes
,
the
Council
thought
it
necessary
for
fear
of
being
surpriz'd
,
to
plant
their
Cannon
round
the
Walls
of
the
City
;
which
was
also
entrusted
to
Aubusson's
care
,
who
brought
out
all
the
great
Guns
and
planted
them
upon
the
Walls
and
Ramparts
,
wherever
occasion
requir'd
.
He
was
then
Grand
Prior
of
Auvergne
,
having
succeeded
a
little
before
to
the
Chevalier
Cottet
,
who
dy'd
about
that
time
;
and
surrender'd
his
Bailywick
to
the
Knight
de
Rillac
.
But
while
they
were
thus
preparing
to
receive
the
Ottoman
Army
,
the
Grand
Master
Baptista
Vrsini
dy'd
also
;
the
loss
of
whom
might
have
ruin'd
Rhodes
,
had
it
not
been
repair'd
with
advantage
.
For
in
short
,
it
was
Aubusson
himself
whom
the
Knights
assembl'd
chose
for
Grand
Master
,
Anno
1476.
Never
was
Election
more
regular
,
nor
with
less
disturbance
then
that
.
It
was
made
according
to
all
the
forms
which
the
Statute
prescribes
;
and
the
sixteen
Electors
whom
the
Assembly
chose
out
of
the
whole
number
of
Languages
,
to
elect
whom
they
should
think
most
capable
of
the
supreme
power
,
gave
their
suffrages
with
one
consent
for
Peter
D'Aubusson
Grand
Prior
of
Auvergne
.
At
the
name
of
Aubusson
,
the
whole
Assembly
with
redoubl'd
shouts
and
acclamations
testify'd
their
unparallel'd
joy
.
He
only
was
sorry
when
he
heard
himself
nam'd
,
and
at
first
he
refus'd
a
Command
of
which
he
did
not
think
himself
worthy
.
But
I
know
not
by
what
inward
motive
,
which
afterward
prevail'd
,
he
was
forc'd
to
accept
it
,
almost
against
his
own
will
.
Yet
could
he
not
refrain
from
tears
,
when
according
to
the
custom
,
he
was
carry'd
in
his
Seat
to
the
Great
Altar
upon
the
Shoulders
of
the
principal
Commanders
.
There
it
was
that
confessing
his
weakness
to
sustain
so
great
a
burthen
,
he
receiv'd
the
submissions
of
the
Knights
,
after
he
had
solemnly
sworn
upon
the
Evangelists
to
observe
the
Statutes
of
the
Order
.
The
news
of
this
Election
was
no
sooner
spread
over
the
Island
,
but
the
people
made
Bonfires
,
and
testify'd
all
the
signs
of
publick
joy
.
This
caus'd
every
body
to
hope
for
a
happy
Government
;
neither
was
Mahomet
so
much
fear'd
,
when
they
understood
that
the
Grand
Prior
of
Auvergne
had
the
Authority
in
his
hands
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
Peter
D'Aubusson
,
Grand
Master
of
RHODES
.
Book
Second
.
SO
soon
as
the
Grand
Master
was
acknowledg'd
in
Rhodes
,
his
first
care
was
to
render
to
Pope
Sixtus
the
Fourth
that
Obedience
which
is
due
from
the
Chief
of
an
Order
wholly
devoted
to
the
Sacred
See
.
To
that
purpose
he
held
a
Council
the
next
day
after
his
Election
,
and
nominated
the
Prior
of
Lombardy
,
together
with
the
Prior
of
Rome
,
for
that
Embassy
.
Then
he
apply'd
all
his
thoughts
to
the
Government
of
a
Dominion
of
which
he
had
taken
possession
.
And
not
to
loose
time
,
he
began
at
the
very
first
to
act
as
Grand
Master
.
Though
the
Ottoman
Army
were
as
yet
far
enough
from
Rhodes
,
nevertheless
the
Island
was
not
a
little
infested
by
the
incursions
of
the
Barbarians
.
The
Pyrats
,
who
landed
day
and
night
in
several
parts
,
pillaged
the
Cities
,
burnt
the
Houses
massacred
and
carried
away
many
of
the
Christians
.
The
Grand
Master
thought
it
convenient
to
put
a
stop
to
these
disorders
that
so
sensibly
afflicted
him
,
and
for
that
purpose
to
build
upon
the
Coast
at
such
&
such
distances
,
several
Forts
and
Towers
to
hinder
the
landing
of
the
Pyrats
.
But
because
this
design
requir'd
a
great
sum
of
Money
,
and
that
these
Pyracies
had
very
much
exhausted
the
Grand
Masters
Revenue
,
he
ordain'd
for
the
raising
those
works
,
that
all
those
Knights
who
obtain'd
Commanderies
by
favour
only
,
should
pay
the
value
of
the
first
years
Revenue
to
the
Order
,
so
soon
as
they
receiv'd
their
Commissions
,
without
which
payment
the
Donation
should
be
void
.
The
Grand
Master
also
took
in
hand
again
,
and
went
on
with
all
those
works
which
were
discontinu'd
by
the
death
of
the
Grand
Master
.
More
especially
he
forwarded
the
new
Wall
of
the
Arsenal
,
and
took
upon
himself
the
charge
of
looking
after
it
.
But
in
regard
it
was
of
high
importance
to
look
after
the
security
of
the
Port
,
he
order'd
the
Grand
Prior
of
St.
Gilles
to
provide
a
Chain
to
shut
it
up
.
He
also
at
the
same
time
gave
order
to
the
Chevalier
Raymond
,
who
commanded
in
the
Castle
of
St.
Peter
,
to
widen
the
Mote
so
far
for
the
Sea
to
fill
it
,
that
the
Brigantines
of
the
Castle
might
ride
there
secure
from
Enemies
and
Tempests
.
The
Castle
St.
Peter
,
which
we
shall
have
often
an
occasion
to
mention
,
was
a
strong
place
,
scituated
in
Cana
,
between
two
Arms
of
the
Sea
,
which
form'd
a
Peninsula
,
built
upon
the
ruines
of
the
ancient
City
Halicarnassus
,
near
the
place
where
was
formerly
the
Sepulcher
of
Mausolus
,
so
famous
for
the
love
and
grief
of
Artemisia
.
The
Order
of
St.
John
is
beholding
for
that
Fortress
to
the
prudence
and
valour
of
one
of
the
French
Grand
Masters
.
For
Philibert
of
Nailac
,
Grand
Master
of
Rhodes
,
desirous
to
make
his
best
advantage
of
the
consternation
of
the
Infidels
,
after
the
Battel
wherein
Tamerlain
had
taken
Bajazet
Prisoner
,
fitted
out
the
Gallies
of
the
Order
,
and
sailed
directly
for
Caria
with
the
choicest
Knights
of
the
Order
.
He
took
a
Castle
there
from
the
Turks
,
the
scituation
whereof
seem'd
to
him
to
be
of
so
much
advantage
,
that
he
built
in
the
same
place
another
almost
impregnable
,
which
he
call'd
the
Castle
of
St.
Peter
.
This
place
it
was
which
in
the
midst
of
the
Turks
Dominions
serv'd
as
a
Sanctuary
for
the
poor
Christian
Slaves
that
can
get
away
from
their
Masters
.
And
here
it
was
,
if
we
may
believe
the
Writers
of
that
age
,
that
certain
Dogs
,
of
a
particular
breed
,
who
by
a
strange
instinct
of
nature
,
watch'd
all
the
night
long
;
and
would
fly
upon
the
Turks
,
and
fawn
upon
the
Christians
,
as
if
they
had
known
the
one
from
the
other
.
Among
all
the
Knights
which
the
Grand
Master
employ'd
according
to
the
variety
of
occurrences
,
and
which
were
always
nearest
his
person
,
there
was
not
one
in
whom
he
put
more
confidence
then
in
Charles
de
Montholon
.
He
was
a
person
of
a
very
good
judgment
,
and
one
that
bare
the
character
of
being
fierce
in
fight
,
temperate
in
counsel
,
and
one
that
had
a
genius
capable
of
every
thing
.
This
Knight
acquitted
himself
of
several
Trusts
that
were
put
upon
him
for
the
defence
of
the
City
;
and
he
it
was
that
had
the
charge
of
fortifying
St.
Nicholas
Fort.
While
the
Grand
Master
issued
out
his
orders
,
and
labour'd
himself
to
have
all
things
in
readiness
to
sustain
a
Siege
.
Antonio
Loredano
,
General
of
the
Venetian
Fleet
in
the
Island
of
Cyprus
,
understanding
that
Riccio
de
Marino
,
a
Cipriot
by
birth
,
and
a
person
born
for
intrigue
,
and
one
of
the
most
zealous
Servitors
of
Charlote
de
Lusignan
,
negotiated
at
Rhodes
to
the
prejudice
of
Katharine
Carnara
,
he
sent
an
Ambassador
to
complain
in
the
name
of
the
Duke
of
Venice
,
for
that
the
Knights
did
entertain
those
that
were
Rebels
to
the
Republick
.
It
is
impossible
to
understand
the
grounds
of
that
Embassy
,
nor
the
answer
of
the
Grand
Master
,
without
being
inform'd
beforehand
of
the
Claims
of
those
two
Princesses
to
the
Kingdom
of
Cyprus
,
and
wherefore
the
Republick
took
Katharine's
part
,
and
oppos'd
Charlota
.
John
de
Lusignan
King
of
Cyprus
,
one
of
the
weakest
and
most
effeminate
Princes
that
ever
sway'd
a
Scepter
,
had
only
one
natural
Son
,
who
was
nam'd
James
de
Lusignan
,
when
he
espous'd
his
Second
Wife
Helena
,
of
the
House
of
the
Paleologi
,
and
Daughter
of
the
Despote
of
Moria
.
By
this
second
Wife
he
had
a
Daughter
nam'd
Charlote
,
who
was
married
to
John
of
Portugal
,
Duke
of
Conimbria
.
This
Prince
,
who
had
both
wit
and
courage
,
being
at
the
Court
of
Cyprus
,
easily
wound
himself
into
the
management
of
affairs
,
and
depriv'd
the
Queen
of
all
that
authority
which
the
weakness
of
the
King
had
permitted
her
to
use
.
The
Queens
Nurse
,
who
govern'd
all
things
before
the
marriage
of
the
Princess
Charlota
,
and
was
afterwards
in
little
esteem
,
reveng'd
the
Queen's
and
her
own
disgrace
,
by
poysoning
the
Duke
of
Conimbria
.
She
had
a
Son
whom
she
passionately
lov'd
,
and
whom
during
her
grandeur
,
she
had
made
a
kind
of
absolute
Minister
of
State
.
The
death
of
the
Prince
restor'd
to
the
Mother
and
the
Son
the
authority
which
they
had
lost
.
But
as
persons
of
mean
Birth
usually
forget
themselves
,
when
rais'd
above
themselves
,
the
insolence
of
the
one
and
the
other
was
so
excessive
,
that
they
us'd
the
Dutchess
most
contemptuously
.
Charlota
deeply
resented
both
the
death
of
her
Husband
,
and
the
scorns
put
upon
her
when
she
was
a
Widow
.
She
complain'd
to
her
Brother
James
de
Lusignan
,
and
her
Complaints
were
not
in
vain
;
for
this
natural
Son
of
the
King
,
equally
cruel
and
ambitious
,
kill'd
with
his
own
hand
the
Nurses
Son
,
not
so
much
to
satisfie
his
Sister
,
as
to
govern
in
his
room
,
and
to
open
to
himself
by
that
means
a
way
to
the
Throne
.
The
Queen
,
who
tenderly
lov'd
her
Nurse
,
could
not
be
brought
to
pardon
James
whom
she
mortally
hated
besides
;
so
that
to
avoid
the
anger
of
a
Woman
,
a
Queen
,
and
a
Mother-in-Law
,
he
was
forc'd
to
conceal
himself
in
the
Venetian
Consuls
House
,
and
at
length
to
quit
the
Kingdom
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Dutchess
of
Conimbria
,
who
was
in
the
flower
of
her
age
,
and
in
the
full
splendor
of
her
beauty
,
was
remarried
with
Lewis
Son
to
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
Soon
after
this
marriage
the
King
and
the
Queen
dy'd
.
The
King
by
his
Will
declar'd
Charlota
his
only
Heir
.
But
the
natural
Son
,
whom
ambition
blinded
,
had
no
regard
either
to
the
Laws
of
Nature
,
or
the
last
words
of
a
dying
Prince
.
He
made
War
upon
his
Sister
and
his
Brother-in-Law
,
by
the
assistance
of
the
Soldan
of
Egypt
,
who
rather
chose
to
have
a
Grecian
Prince
his
Tributary
,
then
any
other
.
Marc
Cornaro
,
a
Gentleman
of
Venice
,
who
liv'd
at
Nicossa
,
and
was
very
rich
,
did
not
a
little
help
the
Bastard
to
make
himself
Master
of
the
Isle
,
and
usurp
the
Crown
.
The
Usurper
therefore
,
to
acknowledge
his
services
,
and
to
fix
the
Venetians
at
the
same
time
to
his
interests
,
espoused
Katharine
the
Daughter
of
Carnaro
,
after
the
Commonwealth
had
adopted
her
.
But
this
new
Dominion
was
too
unjust
to
endure
long
or
happy
.
The
Uncles
of
Katharine
,
who
shar'd
in
the
Government
,
poyson'd
the
King
of
Cyprus
,
with
a
design
to
raign
themselves
.
And
it
was
in
favour
of
his
Widow
that
Michael
Salamon
came
to
Rhodes
on
the
behalf
of
General
Loredano
,
who
was
gone
to
Cyprus
to
restore
Katharine
to
the
possession
of
her
Kingdom
.
The
Venetian
Ambassadors
deliver'd
a
Letter
to
the
Grand
Master
from
the
Duke
of
Venice
full
of
reproaching
and
menacing
Language
.
Afterwards
he
himself
declar'd
with
much
haughtiness
,
that
since
the
Common-wealth
had
adopted
Katharine
Cornara
,
that
it
was
an
injury
done
to
the
Venetians
,
to
favour
Rebels
that
caball'd
against
a
Daughter
of
St.
Mark
,
and
their
lawful
Queen
.
So
proud
and
surly
an
Embassy
,
no
way
pleas'd
the
Grand
Master
;
however
he
thought
it
not
convenient
to
provoke
the
Venetians
by
too
severe
an
answer
,
at
a
time
when
the
order
had
their
hands
full
.
Nor
could
he
stoop
to
qualify
them
with
an
answer
too
much
beneath
himself
.
And
therefore
he
answer'd
with
a
Gentility
and
sowreness
mix'd
both
together
,
that
the
Knights
of
St.
John
neither
meddl'd
with
the
differences
in
the
Kingdom
of
Cyprus
,
nor
would
they
suffer
any
Traitors
in
Rhodes
;
but
that
the
Island
being
a
free
Island
,
they
denied
admittance
to
no
Christians
who
desir'd
to
live
among
them
like
Christians
.
Salamon
,
was
not
satisfy'd
with
the
Grand
Masters
answer
;
and
Loredano
less
.
He
thought
his
own
presence
would
do
more
then
his
Embassador
;
for
which
reason
he
hastens
away
to
Rhodes
.
When
his
Gallies
enter'd
the
Port
,
the
Master
sent
four
of
the
Grand
Crosses
to
congratulate
his
arrival
,
and
to
present
him
with
all
sorts
of
fresh
Victuals
;
but
being
informed
of
the
occasion
of
his
coming
,
he
sent
to
tell
him
plainly
,
that
he
could
make
him
no
other
answer
,
then
what
he
had
already
given
him
.
That
concise
Declaration
,
caus'd
the
General
to
understand
that
his
Voyage
was
lost
:
so
that
without
considering
any
farther
with
himself
,
or
so
much
as
setting
foot
ashore
,
he
return'd
with
all
the
choler
that
could
inspire
a
fierce
and
daring
person
,
for
having
tak'n
so
much
pains
so
little
to
the
purpose
.
The
haughtiness
of
the
Venetians
was
not
the
only
cause
of
the
ill
success
of
their
Embassie
.
The
kindness
which
the
Grand
Master
had
for
Charlota
de
Lusignan
,
had
a
deep
share
therein
.
Though
the
Knights
of
St.
John
,
had
never
openly
declar'd
for
Katherine
Cornara
,
nor
were
willing
to
contest
with
the
Venetians
,
about
their
affair
:
certain
it
is
,
that
in
their
hearts
they
were
all
for
Charlota
de
Lusignan
;
whether
it
were
that
they
were
satisfy'd
in
the
Justice
of
her
cause
;
or
that
the
compassion
which
they
took
upon
her
misfortunes
,
caus'd
them
to
embrace
her
interests
;
or
whether
it
were
,
that
the
most
of
them
were
taken
with
the
Charms
of
her
beauty
.
They
had
seen
her
several
times
at
Rhodes
,
she
was
as
yet
young
enough
;
for
her
misfortunes
had
not
defac'd
her
beauty
,
nor
depriv'd
her
of
her
natural
gayity
of
humour
.
She
spoke
very
pleasingly
,
and
readily
,
according
to
the
natural
Genius
of
the
Greeks
;
she
drest
her
self
after
the
French
mode
,
and
her
disposition
,
her
air
,
and
manners
plainly
shewed
her
to
be
of
Royal
Extraction
.
The
Grand
Master
had
always
admir'd
in
the
person
of
Charlota
,
besides
the
graces
of
her
body
and
mind
,
a
prudence
that
exceeded
age
,
and
a
constancy
above
all
her
sex
.
But
the
chiefest
motive
was
,
that
she
had
put
her self
under
the
protection
of
the
Knights
;
and
for
that
she
had
already
receiv'd
all
the
assisting
kindnesses
that
she
could
in
reason
expect
.
Her
acknowledgment
also
oblig'd
them
to
shew
her
new
marks
of
their
esteem
and
affection
.
For
she
publickly
declared
that
she
had
been
more
oblig'd
to
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
,
then
to
all
her
nearest
Relations
:
and
because
the
Commonwealth
had
adopted
her
Enemy
,
she
was
wont
pleasently
to
say
,
that
if
Katharine
Cornara
,
were
the
Daughter
of
St.
Mark
of
Venice
,
Charlota
de
Lusignan
was
the
Daughter
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
.
But
perhaps
the
great
esteem
they
had
for
Lewis
of
Savoy
,
her
husband
contributed
more
then
any
other
reason
,
to
make
the
Grand
Master
and
Knights
favourable
to
her
interests
.
They
were
all
perswaded
that
the
order
of
St.
John
were
beholding
for
their
preservation
to
the
house
of
Savoy
:
and
it
was
a
common
opinion
among
them
,
that
Amadeus
the
fifth
,
surnam'd
the
Great
,
coming
to
the
relief
of
Rhodes
,
and
having
constrain'd
Ottoman
to
raise
his
Seige
,
took
for
his
impress
these
four
Letters
;
F.
E.
R.
T.
that
is
,
Fortitudo
ejus
Rhodum
tenuit
,
his
Fortitude
kept
Rhodes
.
And
that
in
his
arms
he
chang'd
the
Eagle
of
Savoy
into
the
Cross
of
the
Order
,
to
let
all
the
World
know
his
devotion
to
the
service
of
the
Knights
,
immortalizing
the
memory
of
an
action
that
had
been
so
serviceable
to
them
.
Nevertheless
the
whole
Story
is
but
a
Fable
without
foundation
or
probability
.
For
the
devise
,
Lewis
of
Savoy
,
Baron
de
Vaud
,
who
dy'd
in
the
year
1301
,
stamp'd
it
upon
his
money
,
ten
years
before
the
Seige
of
Rhodes
.
And
in
the
Cathedral
Church
of
Agosta
,
upon
the
Sepulcher
of
Thomas
de
Savoy
,
the
second
of
that
name
,
there
is
still
to
be
seen
,
a
Dog
lying
at
his
feet
,
with
this
word
engraven
upon
his
collar
,
FERT
,
in
Gotthick
Letters
,
without
any
points
,
or
separation
of
Letters
.
As
for
the
Cross
,
the
predecessors
of
Amadeus
the
fifth
,
carryed
it
instead
of
the
Eagle
,
either
as
Earls
of
Piemont
,
the
Arms
whereof
were
the
Eagle
.
Or
in
imitation
of
Amadeus
the
third
,
Earl
of
Savoy
,
who
took
the
Cross
upon
him
in
the
year
1147
,
and
kept
it
at
his
return
from
Palestine
,
as
a
testimony
of
his
expedition
beyond
the
Seas
.
Amadeus
the
great
also
wore
it
himself
in
the
year
1304.
when
he
appear'd
at
the
Treaty
which
he
made
with
Stephen
Coligny
,
Lord
of
Andelot
.
But
though
the
Story
of
Amadeus
be
false
in
all
the
circumstances
,
it
pass'd
for
Currant
at
Rhodes
,
as
well
as
in
other
places
.
And
therefore
it
is
no
wonder
,
if
the
Grand
Master
led
by
the
Popular
error
respected
Amadeus
in
Lewis
,
Charlota's
Husband
,
beyond
either
Katharina
Cornara
,
or
the
Venetians
.
The
Proposal
which
the
sub-Basha
of
Pizzonne
Governour
of
Lycia
made
to
the
Grand
Master
was
heard
more
favourably
then
that
of
the
Duke
of
Venice
.
There
were
at
that
time
several
Knights
,
and
many
subjects
of
the
order
,
Slaves
to
the
Turks
.
These
Barbarians
,
in
whom
sometimes
covetousness
serves
as
a
Counterpoise
to
cruelty
,
had
a
desire
to
get
Mony
,
and
the
Sub-Basha
sent
to
Rhodes
,
a
Merchant
call'd
Cachim
Brahim
,
to
traffick
for
the
delivery
of
the
Slaves
.
The
Grand
Master
who
stood
in
need
of
Men
,
and
sought
nothing
more
then
the
liberty
of
so
many
unfortunate
Persons
,
was
soon
perswaded
to
treat
with
the
Turkish
Merchant
;
and
he
agreed
also
according
to
the
Sub-Basha's
command
,
that
there
should
be
a
Truce
for
a
Month
between
the
Order
and
the
Turks
,
that
they
might
treat
without
interruption
.
During
this
Negotiation
,
there
happen'd
one
thing
very
remarkable
:
one
of
the
Turks
that
belong'd
to
Cochim
Brahim
,
one
day
offer'd
his
service
to
the
Grand
Master
,
to
bring
him
an
accompt
from
Constantinople
of
the
designs
and
readiness
of
the
Ottoman
Army
;
of
which
they
had
no
certain
news
for
a
good
while
▪
He
promis'd
to
make
all
possible
hast
,
and
after
he
had
confirm'd
his
words
by
most
terrible
Oaths
,
he
said
that
he
could
not
resist
that
inward
Motion
that
compell'd
him
to
serve
the
Knights
,
against
his
Law
and
his
Prince
.
Though
the
Grand
Master
did
not
much
rely
upon
the
faith
of
a
person
who
had
all
the
looks
of
a
Traitor
,
yet
he
thought
it
not
convenient
to
refuse
an
offer
,
which
if
it
fail'd
,
could
do
no
harm
.
So
without
confiding
in
the
Turk
,
or
making
any
semblance
to
defy
him
,
he
gave
him
a
pasport
for
his
return
;
and
out
of
hopes
that
God
would
be
pleas'd
to
overthrow
the
designs
of
Mahomet
,
by
the
means
of
a
Mahometan
,
he
suffer'd
the
voluntary
spy
to
go
where-ever
the
Spirit
which
he
spake
of
,
conducted
him
.
But
if
Heaven
on
the
one
side
seem
favourable
to
the
Order
of
St.
John
,
on
the
other
side
,
it
seem'd
no
less
incens'd
against
it
.
For
a
prodigious
Tempest
arose
all
of
a
sudden
,
when
the
Sky
seem'd
to
be
very
serene
.
The
Rain
in
an
instant
made
an
Inundation
over
all
the
Countrey
;
and
the
wind
threw
down
several
houses
in
the
City
;
among
the
rest
,
the
Archbishops
Palace
.
That
which
was
most
deplorable
,
was
,
that
the
violence
of
the
Storm
shook
the
old
Wall
of
the
City
,
and
overturn'd
a
good
part
of
the
new
.
Had
the
Enemy
then
come
,
Rhodes
had
been
lost
;
so
far
had
he
been
from
finding
resistance
there
,
that
he
had
only
come
to
view
the
Image
of
a
City
tak'n
and
sack'd
.
The
publick
Consternation
made
the
mischief
more
lamentable
.
The
People
that
are
presently
alarum'd
by
any
thing
that
appears
extraordinary
,
took
such
a
horrible
Tempest
,
as
a
certain
presage
of
their
ruin
:
and
the
greatness
of
the
danger
had
certainly
cast
them
into
a
general
despair
,
had
not
the
constancy
of
the
Grand
Master
supported
them
.
Scarce
was
the
Tempest
over
,
when
a
Contest
which
the
Greeks
and
Latins
had
,
about
I
cannot
tell
what
point
of
Doctrine
,
rais'd
a
Popular
Tumult
.
Of
a
single
despute
,
by
degrees
they
made
a
real
quarrel
,
which
came
to
blows
.
And
as
in
quarrels
about
Religion
,
every
one
is
apt
to
call
his
particular
transportment
a
piece
of
merit
,
their
Animosity
and
fury
one
against
another
wax'd
so
hot
,
that
several
had
been
kill'd
upon
the
place
,
had
not
the
Grand
Master
made
use
of
all
his
policy
and
authority
to
appease
the
Tumult
.
He
did
not
content
himself
to
make
both
parties
lay
down
their
Arms
;
and
to
punish
the
most
culpable
,
to
keep
the
rest
within
the
bounds
of
their
duty
;
but
he
resolv'd
to
pull
up
the
Root
of
the
Sedition
;
and
because
the
difference
was
about
Religion
,
he
engag'd
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Rhodes
,
and
the
Metropolitan
of
the
Greeks
to
make
a
Reconciliation
.
A
pacification
being
thus
made
,
and
the
walls
of
the
City
being
almost
repair'd
;
he
made
a
visitation
through
the
Island
,
to
view
himself
,
and
to
give
order
for
the
Fortification
of
those
places
that
had
need
of
defence
.
Having
spent
a
whole
month
in
this
Visitation
,
at
his
return
he
found
the
Greek
Spy
,
who
inform'd
him
that
the
Infidels
made
very
great
preparations
,
that
their
Fleet
was
to
set
sale
with
the
first
Wind
from
the
streight
of
Gallipoll
,
and
that
it
was
certainly
confirm'd
at
Constantinople
,
that
the
great
Turk
would
set
upon
the
Knights
of
St.
John
.
The
Grand
Master
well
know
that
it
was
one
of
the
maximes
of
the
Turkish
policy
to
give
out
false
reports
,
the
better
to
conceal
the
true
design
.
That
it
was
their
custom
to
keep
an
Enemy
in
suspence
for
several
years
,
to
the
end
he
might
exhaust
himself
with
continual
and
needless
preparations
;
that
they
came
upon
their
Enemies
,
when
they
were
weary
of
expecting
them
,
and
thought
no
more
of
them
.
But
on
the
other
side
he
was
not
ignorant
that
they
did
not
always
observe
the
same
rules
,
nor
the
same
method
in
War
;
but
that
it
was
one
of
their
Stratagems
to
divulge
the
expedition
which
they
intended
,
that
people
should
not
believe
it
;
or
that
it
was
design'd
at
a
distance
,
and
in
the
mean
time
to
use
all
diligence
imaginable
to
prevent
the
resistance
and
provision
of
the
Enemy
.
And
therefore
he
thought
it
the
securest
way
to
neglect
nothing
,
and
to
provide
against
a
siege
,
as
if
the
intelligence
of
the
Spy
had
been
unquestionable
.
After
he
had
taken
upon
him
the
charge
of
Captain
General
of
Rhodes
,
which
the
Council
besought
him
to
accept
,
he
chose
out
for
the
defence
of
the
City
four
Captains
of
assistance
,
as
they
were
then
call'd
,
and
assign'd
to
every
one
their
duty
and
their
Post
.
Besides
the
Knights
which
he
had
already
sent
to
Lango
,
he
sent
with
the
Title
of
Captain
of
assistance
the
Knight
Grimaldi
with
the
same
Commission
for
the
Castle
of
St.
Peter
,
which
the
Lieutenant
of
the
Baily
of
Germany
was
to
visit
by
his
order
.
In
the
mean
time
Intelligence
came
that
the
Fleet
of
the
Barbarians
had
set
sail
out
of
the
Streight
to
the
number
of
two
hundred
Gallies
,
that
they
were
then
at
the
Island
of
Scio
,
and
would
soon
be
at
Rhodes
.
This
News
made
the
Grand
Master
give
order
,
that
all
the
Country
people
should
retire
into
the
Forts
,
and
that
no
person
should
stir
forth
,
till
the
Light-Horse
appointed
for
the
Guard
of
the
Island
,
had
visited
the
Coasts
,
and
and
all
places
where
the
Turks
could
lye
in
Ambuscado
.
He
order'd
also
that
all
Strangers
and
Vagabonds
that
were
in
Rhodes
should
be
all
enroll'd
;
and
that
the
Knight
Friqueroly
should
command
them
.
That
all
Vessels
that
were
in
port
should
be
stay'd
,
and
that
they
should
be
furnish'd
with
all
things
necessary
for
their
subsistance
.
He
sent
at
the
same
time
a
Brigantine
to
Scio
to
observe
the
Enemies
Fleet
,
and
he
understood
that
the
Infidels
had
in
vain
attempted
the
taking
of
Stalimene
,
where
they
had
put
all
to
fire
and
Sword
;
that
from
thence
they
sayl'd
to
Scio
,
where
they
had
had
no
better
success
,
but
had
made
the
same
havock
:
that
from
thence
they
were
fall'n
into
Lango
.
From
whence
,
after
they
had
wasted
the
whole
Countrey
,
they
were
gone
to
Patmos
,
with
a
design
upon
the
Castle
of
St.
Peter
,
and
thence
to
return
to
Rhodes
:
but
understanding
that
the
grand
Master
had
put
those
Forts
into
a
good
condition
,
they
had
steer'd
another
course
,
and
after
they
had
comitted
some
spoil
at
Naxi
,
they
were
return'd
at
length
to
Constantinople
.
This
Intelligence
somewhat
enliven'd
the
Rhodians
,
however
it
did
nothing
slak'n
the
Industry
and
Vigilance
of
the
Grand
Master
.
He
knew
the
tricks
of
the
Infidels
,
and
it
was
one
of
his
Maximes
,
that
it
was
equally
dangerous
to
be
lull'd
asleep
upon
good
news
;
as
to
be
alarum'd
at
bad
.
Moreover
,
he
was
advertiz'd
by
his
Spies
,
that
the
Turk
was
absolutely
resolv'd
to
besiege
Rhodes
;
that
that
expedition
was
deferr'd
till
the
next
year
,
and
that
Mahomet
would
command
in
Person
.
How
untrue
soever
this
intelligence
might
be
,
the
Grand
Master
made
his
best
advantage
of
it
.
As
the
hope
of
relief
inspires
both
consolation
and
courage
during
a
Siege
,
he
order'd
the
Knight
Cardona
,
Baily
of
Marjorca
,
who
was
gone
into
Catalonia
and
Arragon
,
to
put
in
execution
the
orders
of
the
last
Chapter
touching
the
new
Taxes
,
to
levy
men
,
and
to
buy
all
sorts
of
Ammunition
and
provisions
,
to
send
them
away
with
all
speed
,
and
to
agree
with
the
Masters
,
so
that
they
should
be
oblig'd
to
enter
the
Port
,
though
the
City
should
be
besieg'd
.
But
because
that
many
of
the
Knights
were
abroad
,
and
that
the
Council
was
resolv'd
to
hold
a
General
Chapter
to
provide
for
the
present
necessities
,
the
Grand
Master
wrote
to
all
the
Priors
a
Circularory
Letter
,
the
Original
whereof
is
still
preserv'd
among
the
Records
of
Malta
;
wherein
he
laid
before
them
the
great
necessity
of
their
assembling
altogether
,
the
near
approach
of
the
Enemy
,
his
power
,
the
goodness
of
his
Souldiers
,
and
his
determin'd
resolution
to
ruin
the
Order
of
St.
John
.
Then
he
besought
them
to
lay
those
things
to
heart
,
and
consider
the
dangers
that
environ'd
them
,
and
that
it
concern'd
their
safety
and
their
honour
,
not
to
prefer
the
pleasures
of
this
world
before
the
defence
of
all
Christendom
.
After
he
had
sent
away
this
Letter
,
he
represented
very
earnestly
to
the
Council
,
that
for
the
preservation
of
the
people
of
Rhodes
,
it
was
necessary
to
repair
,
and
regularly
to
fortify
the
Castle
of
Caravia
,
which
fell
to
ruin
.
He
gave
them
to
understand
that
the
Countrey
where
this
Castle
was
built
,
wanted
Inhabitants
,
because
the
Countrey
people
were
forc'd
to
retire
to
the
most
remote
places
;
and
that
it
would
in
time
be
quite
dispeopl'd
,
though
that
part
were
the
most
pleasant
and
fertile
of
all
.
He
added
that
that
Countrey
was
not
to
be
quitted
nor
left
desert
,
but
that
the
whole
Island
would
suffer
very
much
;
and
that
to
avoid
those
Inconveniencies
,
he
thought
it
very
necessary
to
reinforce
that
place
,
so
that
it
might
be
defended
,
and
serve
as
a
Retreat
for
the
Countrey
people
like
the
other
Fortresses
.
The
proposal
of
the
Grand
Master
was
approv'd
by
all
the
Council
,
and
for
the
more
speedy
putting
it
in
execution
,
it
was
resolv'd
at
the
same
time
,
that
a
years
revenue
of
the
Office
of
the
Grand
Mastery
,
vacant
by
the
death
of
the
Grand
Master
,
Baptista
Vrsini
,
which
was
put
into
the
Treasury
,
should
be
employed
upon
that
necessary
use
.
And
in
regard
the
last
Chapter
had
order'd
the
making
new
Walls
and
Bastions
about
the
Castle
of
Rhodes
,
the
Grand
Master
caus'd
some
of
the
Money
that
came
from
France
to
be
paid
out
for
that
purpose
.
Lewis
the
Eleventh
,
who
succeeded
his
Father
Charles
the
Seventh
,
and
who
when
he
was
only
Dolphin
,
had
honour'd
the
Grand
Master
with
his
particular
favours
,
forgot
him
not
when
he
came
to
the
Crown
.
He
was
inform'd
in
general
of
the
condition
of
the
affairs
of
the
Levant
by
the
Knight
D'Ambrose
,
who
was
sent
to
receive
the
Money
in
the
Priories
of
France
and
Champaign
,
which
was
due
to
the
Order
.
But
he
was
fully
inform'd
by
the
Chevalier
Blanchfort
,
who
came
a
little
while
after
to
present
to
his
Majesty
a
Leopard
,
and
two
Falcons
of
a
rare
breed
.
The
affection
which
he
bore
to
the
Grand
Master
,
made
him
take
those
courses
for
the
relief
of
the
Knights
,
which
perhaps
he
would
not
have
done
through
any
motion
of
zeal
.
That
Prince
requested
of
Pope
Sixtus
the
Fourth
,
a
Jubilee
for
all
those
persons
in
his
Kingdom
that
would
assist
the
Rhodians
.
He
obtain'd
that
which
he
demanded
,
provided
that
all
the
Money
that
should
be
collected
from
the
charity
of
the
faithful
,
should
be
employ'd
for
no
other
use
then
for
the
defence
of
Rhodes
;
nor
can
it
be
said
how
much
this
Jubilee
advantag'd
the
Order
.
The
affairs
of
Rhodes
being
thus
settl'd
at
home
,
he
began
to
rekindle
the
feud
which
was
between
Turks
and
Saracens
;
and
having
brok'n
with
the
one
,
he
omitted
nothing
,
with
the
Pope's
permission
,
to
league
himself
with
the
other
.
His
management
was
so
successful
,
that
the
Saracens
themselves
further'd
it
as
much
as
in
them
lay
.
The
Soldan
of
Egypt
,
who
fearing
the
Arms
of
Mahomet
,
sent
to
Rhodes
his
Favourite
Dovan
Diodar
,
to
renew
the
Peace
with
the
Knights
.
After
some
conferences
between
the
Saracens
and
the
Grand
Master
,
the
Ratification
was
made
:
and
the
principal
Articles
of
the
Treaty
were
,
that
the
Order
should
not
set
forth
any
Ships
or
Vessels
to
annoy
either
by
Land
or
Sea
the
Subjects
of
the
Soldan
.
That
they
should
not
permit
them
to
joyn
or
assist
with
Souldiers
,
Pilots
,
or
Guides
,
any
forreign
Rovers
against
the
Soldan's
interest
.
On
the
other
side
,
that
the
Soldan
should
attempt
nothing
to
the
prejudice
of
the
Knights
:
and
that
if
they
were
assail'd
by
their
enemies
,
the
Soldan
should
be
oblig'd
to
assist
and
defend
them
.
That
the
Vessels
of
the
Order
sailing
through
the
Soldan's
Dominions
for
the
Holy
Land
,
should
pay
no
duties
,
and
that
they
should
be
under
his
protection
as
friends
.
Lastly
,
that
when
the
Christian
Slaves
at
Cairo
should
be
freed
by
their
Masters
,
they
should
have
liberty
to
return
home
;
and
that
for
those
other
Christian
Slaves
that
were
not
affranchiz'd
,
they
should
be
exchang'd
for
such
other
Moors
that
were
Slaves
,
giving
a
Moor
for
a
Christian
.
In
regard
the
King
of
Tunis
seem'd
less
enclin'd
to
an
Accommodation
then
the
Soldan
,
either
out
of
his
barbarous
haughtiness
that
made
him
despise
the
friendship
of
the
Christians
,
or
out
of
just
resentment
of
the
injuries
which
the
Moorish
Merchants
pretended
to
have
received
from
the
Knights
,
the
Grand
Master
did
not
think
it
any
derogation
from
his
dignity
;
to
make
the
first
proposal
for
the
interest
of
the
Faith
.
The
Knight
Lamant
had
therefore
order
to
go
to
Tunis
,
who
understood
so
well
how
to
govern
the
African
Prince
,
that
a
Peace
was
concluded
in
a
few
days
.
There
was
a
Truce
agreed
upon
for
one
and
thirty
years
between
the
Moors
and
the
Knights
.
And
the
Articles
little
different
from
those
made
with
the
Soldan
,
were
sent
to
Rhodes
for
the
Grand
Master
to
sign
.
But
there
was
this
one
Article
particular
,
that
the
Knights
,
when
they
pleas'd
,
might
have
liberty
to
buy
within
the
Territories
of
the
King
of
Tunis
,
thirty
thousand
Comb
of
Wheat
without
paying
duty
,
whatever
prohibition
to
the
contrary
,
or
whatever
scarcity
were
in
the
Countrey
.
The
Grand
Master
sent
back
,
with
the
Treaty
sign'd
,
Jerom
Barbo
,
one
of
the
most
prudent
men
in
Rhodes
to
reside
in
Tunis
▪
as
Consul
,
for
the
Knights
,
or
rather
to
observe
the
carriage
and
actions
of
the
Moors
,
under
pretence
of
looking
after
the
trade
of
the
Rhodians
.
The
joy
which
the
people
had
upon
these
new
Alliances
,
was
soon
disturb'd
by
a
general
famine
in
the
City
and
Island
,
occasion'd
by
the
loss
of
certain
Barques
laden
with
Corn
,
that
were
bound
for
Rhodes
,
of
which
some
were
cast
away
,
others
taken
by
the
Pyrats
.
But
when
their
misery
was
at
the
height
,
and
that
they
began
to
despair
of
any
remedy
,
by
reason
that
the
Sea
rag'd
in
that
manner
,
that
no
Vessels
durst
stir
out
,
a
Caravel
was
driven
into
the
Port
by
stress
of
weather
,
laden
with
Corn.
A
relief
so
unexpected
seem'd
to
be
a
kind
of
miracle
.
But
because
that
the
Corn
which
the
Caravel
brought
was
not
sufficient
,
the
Grand
Master
gave
order
to
the
Captain
of
the
Castle
of
St.
Peter
,
to
give
Passports
to
all
Merchants
that
would
bring
Corn
to
Rhodes
.
So
that
many
Turkish
Merchants
more
regarding
their
Profit
then
their
Religion
,
laid
hold
upon
the
opportunity
to
dispose
of
their
Grain
,
and
brought
to
Rhodes
so
great
a
quantity
of
Corn
,
that
all
the
Granaries
were
soon
fill'd
.
Thus
the
Grand
Master
sav'd
the
lives
of
his
people
by
the
means
of
their
enemies
,
and
that
famine
which
threaten'd
the
desolation
of
the
whole
Island
,
did
but
only
serve
to
create
a
greater
plenty
.
While
these
things
pass'd
at
Rhodes
,
reports
ran
at
Constantinople
that
Mahomet
was
not
seriously
bent
upon
the
enterprize
against
Rhodes
;
whether
it
were
that
he
was
afraid
of
any
ill
success
,
and
was
loth
to
hazard
any
thing
after
so
many
happy
Expeditions
,
or
whether
he
had
any
other
Conquests
in
his
designs
.
But
some
of
his
Favourites
mortal
enemies
of
the
Knights
of
St.
John
,
prest
him
to
lay
aside
all
other
designs
,
and
to
go
on
with
that
of
the
Siege
of
Rhodes
.
There
were
about
him
two
famous
Renegado's
,
who
had
rais'd
their
fortunes
by
the
same
ways
,
and
resembled
one
another
very
much
in
wickedness
,
though
their
Character
were
different
;
the
one
was
called
Demetrius
,
a
Negropontine
;
though
he
were
one
of
the
most
wicked
wretches
in
the
world
,
he
had
all
the
Air
of
a
vertuous
man
;
and
never
Greek
knew
how
to
conceal
such
a
vast
store
of
perfidiousness
under
the
outward
appearances
of
truth
and
justice
.
He
had
a
subtle
wit
,
supple
and
pliant
,
every
way
fit
for
Negotiation
and
Intreague
.
He
was
also
very
skilful
in
War
,
and
resolute
upon
occasion
:
after
the
taking
of
Negropont
,
he
went
to
live
at
Rhodes
,
and
from
thence
to
Constantinople
,
where
having
taken
the
Turbant
,
he
so
insinuated
himself
into
the
great
ones
of
the
Court
,
and
gain'd
by
degrees
the
favour
of
Mahomet
,
by
giving
him
an
accompt
of
the
situation
and
force
of
the
Island
.
The
other
Renegado
was
of
Rhodes
also
,
and
was
called
Meligale
:
This
was
a
man
without
conscience
or
honour
,
stout
and
bold
,
but
violent
and
rash
;
accustom'd
from
his
youth
to
all
sorts
of
Crimes
,
and
boasting
in
infamous
actions
.
Having
spent
his
Estate
in
debauchery
,
and
finding
himself
deep
in
debt
,
he
could
find
no
other
way
to
recruit
himself
then
by
renouncing
his
Religion
,
and
betraying
his
Countrey
.
Before
he
went
to
the
Court
of
Mahomet
,
he
had
more
exactly
then
Demetrius
,
observ'd
all
the
Fortifications
of
Rhodes
,
and
had
made
a
Plat-form
of
them
,
with
an
Inventory
of
the
Artillery
,
and
all
the
Munitions
of
the
place
.
By
that
means
he
got
access
to
Basha
Misach
Paleologue
,
and
insinuate
himself
into
the
favour
of
Mahomet
.
These
two
Villaines
,
who
were
acquainted
an
Rhodes
,
enter'd
into
〈◊〉
strict
Friendship
,
and
consulted
together
the
destruction
of
the
order
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
.
The
confidence
that
Mahomet
repos'd
in
then
gave
them
the
boldness
to
declare
themselves
.
However
,
they
did
not
do
it
at
first
;
they
discours'd
him
several
times
with
the
Island
of
Rhodes
,
laying
before
his
eyes
the
beauty
of
the
Countrey
,
the
temperature
of
the
Air
,
and
the
conveniency
of
the
Harbor
.
After
which
they
represented
to
him
sometimes
by
word
of
mouth
,
and
sometimes
by
the
information
,
which
they
had
given
of
the
Grandees
of
the
Court
,
that
the
Knights
had
usurp'd
so
fair
an
Island
from
the
Mussel-men
that
enjoy'd
it
before
,
when
Foulk
de
Velaret
,
a
French
man
,
and
Master
of
the
Hospital
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
setled
himself
there
,
that
nothing
could
be
more
proper
for
the
Ottoman
Emperors
,
then
a
place
that
might
facilitate
the
Conquest
of
Aegypt
and
Syria
;
and
lastly
,
that
the
Enterprize
was
no
less
easy
then
honourable
.
They
told
him
that
there
was
but
little
provision
,
and
but
few
Souldiers
in
Rhodes
;
and
shewing
him
the
Plat-form
of
the
City
,
they
gave
him
to
understand
that
the
Walls
of
the
Castle
were
old
and
ruinous
;
that
the
Jews
quarter
was
the
most
weak
,
and
that
when
he
had
won
St.
Nicholas
Tower
,
it
would
be
easy
to
gain
the
rest
.
They
added
also
that
Rhodes
being
the
passage
to
Italy
,
he
was
not
to
despise
the
Favours
of
Fortune
that
offer'd
him
the
Conquest
of
Rome
as
well
as
of
Constantinople
;
besides
that
,
it
did
not
become
him
to
suffer
a
Captain
of
a
Troop
of
Vagabond
Knights
,
to
refuse
to
do
him
that
homage
which
Kings
themselves
were
forc'd
to
stoop
to
.
Now
as
Princes
have
their
ears
open
to
Councils
that
flatter
their
ambition
,
Mahomet
easily
harken'd
to
the
instigations
of
Demetrius
and
Meligate
.
However
,
being
wise
,
and
knowing
that
precipitate
rashness
is
the
ruin
of
many
great
undertakings
,
he
thought
it
convenient
to
consult
his
chief
Ministers
before
he
resolv'd
upon
any
thing
:
Who
being
of
a
contrary
opinion
to
that
of
the
Renegado's
,
did
all
they
could
to
divert
him
from
the
expedition
against
Rhodes
.
They
represented
to
him
,
how
that
the
City
was
newly
fortify'd
;
that
Souldiers
and
Ammunition
were
brought
in
every
day
;
That
the
Grand
Master
was
an
extraordinary
person
,
too
courageous
to
yield
,
and
too
vigilant
to
be
surpriz'd
.
They
put
Mahomet
in
mind
,
that
though
the
forces
of
the
Knights
were
not
comparable
to
his
,
yet
he
could
never
take
the
least
Castle
from
them
,
with
all
the
Armies
which
he
had
sent
against
them
;
and
that
it
behov'd
him
to
consider
the
future
by
what
had
pass'd
;
besides
that
upon
the
least
Motion
which
he
should
make
that
way
,
all
Europe
and
Asia
would
take
Arms
in
favour
of
the
Rhodians
.
That
the
Grand
Master
had
renew'd
an
alliance
with
the
Soldan
of
Aegypt
;
and
that
without
any
great
difficulty
,
he
would
be
able
to
make
the
King
of
Persia
his
friend
.
That
the
Pope
labour'd
to
unite
the
Princes
of
Christendom
against
the
Ottoman
Empire
;
that
all
these
Enemies
united
in
a
league
together
,
would
not
fail
to
assault
him
in
several
places
together
,
and
make
such
a
diversion
of
his
own
Forces
,
that
in
some
place
or
other
they
would
certainly
recover
to
his
loss
.
They
added
moreover
,
that
there
were
other
Islands
to
take
before
Rhodes
.
They
shew'd
him
besides
,
that
the
Conquest
of
Rhodes
would
be
no
addition
to
his
renown
;
that
he
might
conquer
new
Empires
,
but
never
regain
lost
honour
,
which
he
hazarded
all
at
once
in
a
dangerous
expedition
,
where
he
had
nothing
to
win
,
but
where
he
had
so
much
to
lose
.
At
length
they
concluded
all
,
that
the
safest
way
was
by
negotiation
,
and
accommodation
to
engage
the
Knights
to
pay
him
some
yearly
tribute
;
and
thereupon
they
advis'd
him
to
send
an
Embassador
to
the
Grand
Master
to
propose
him
Peace
upon
those
conditions
.
But
that
they
might
not
offend
the
Grand
Signior
in
case
of
refusal
,
they
were
of
opinion
that
the
Embassy
should
be
sent
in
the
name
of
Zizim
his
Son
,
and
Selebi
his
Nephew
,
telling
him
also
that
such
a
way
of
proceeding
could
not
but
take
effect
;
or
at
least
that
during
the
negotiation
,
the
Knights
would
not
be
so
strict
upon
their
guards
;
so
that
under
the
pretence
of
treaty
,
he
might
surprize
the
Castle
of
St.
Peter
,
and
facilitate
thereby
the
enterprize
upon
Rhodes
,
whenever
he
should
determine
to
undertake
it
.
Whatever
inclinations
Mahomet
might
have
to
follow
the
counsel
of
the
Renegado's
,
he
stuck
to
the
advice
of
his
Ministers
;
and
it
may
be
said
,
that
at
that
time
he
made
his
ambition
give
way
to
his
prudence
.
They
made
choice
of
Demetrius
for
the
chief
in
the
Embassy
.
That
wicked
man
was
easily
satisfied
that
his
opinion
was
not
follow'd
,
partly
for
the
confidence
which
they
repos'd
in
him
,
and
partly
out
of
the
hopes
which
he
had
,
that
his
counsel
might
afterwards
be
resum'd
into
consideration
,
if
the
negotiation
which
he
had
taken
upon
him
,
did
not
produce
any
good
effect
.
He
was
entrusted
with
a
Letter
to
the
Grand
Master
,
written
in
Greek
,
and
sign'd
in
Turkish
by
the
two
Princes
.
The
Contents
whereof
are
as
follows
,
conformable
to
the
Original
Copy
.
TO
THE
Thrice
Generous
,
and
Thrice
Famous
Prince
,
Peter
D'Aubusson
,
Grand
Master
of
Rhodes
;
or
,
Thrice
Honoured
Father
and
Lord
.
INtegrity
and
Valour
have
so
many
Charms
to
allure
the
love
of
men
,
of
whatsoever
Nation
or
Religion
,
that
it
is
no
wonder
if
the
Princes
of
the
Blood
Royal
of
the
Ottomans
,
and
of
the
Sect
of
the
Prophet
Mahomet
,
have
no
mean
thoughts
of
friendship
for
you
and
your
Order
.
We
are
obliged
thereto
,
and
in
some
measure
forc'd
to
it
,
by
the
Renown
which
your
Heroick
Vertues
have
acquir'd
over
all
the
East
.
Yet
some
there
are
who
have
endeavour'd
to
render
you
obnoxious
to
our
Thrice
Illustrious
Emperor
.
And
some
of
his
Favourites
continually
exasperate
him
to
turn
his
Victorious
Arms
against
you
,
to
abolish
the
Christian
Name
in
your
destruction
.
But
we
far
from
inspiring
him
with
any
such
thoughts
,
have
us'd
all
our
endeavors
to
avert
his
formidable
Thunder
from
your
Dominions
:
and
we
have
been
so
succesful
therein
,
that
his
Highness
refuses
not
to
heark'n
to
Peace
,
willing
to
receive
you
into
the
number
of
his
Allies
.
Of
which
we
were
desirous
to
give
you
information
by
Demetrius
our
Embassador
,
to
whom
you
may
give
credit
.
If
you
will
but
list'n
to
the
Propositions
which
he
shall
make
you
on
our
behalf
,
as
we
conjure
you
to
do
,
we
are
ready
to
be
our selves
the
Mediators
,
and
the
chief
Promoters
of
your
quiet
.
In
expectation
of
your
answer
,
we
pray
the
All-powerful
Creator
of
Heaven
and
Earth
to
preserve
you
in
a
flourishing
condition
.
From
the
City
of
Patara
,
the
9th
of
February
,
in
the
year
of
the
Birth
of
your
Prophet
Jesus
,
1478.
Your
Sons
,
and
good
Friend
,
ZEM
SCELBEI
,
Son
of
the
Invincible
Emperor
Mahomet
,
and
Che-Le-Bi
,
Sultan
Sangiach
of
Mandachia
.
Though
this
Letter
were
but
only
a
snare
which
the
Sultan
laid
for
the
Grand
Master
,
it
was
sincere
on
the
Princes
side
that
were
put
upon
the
affair
.
For
they
had
both
of
them
a
natural
affection
for
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
,
and
something
of
an
inclination
to
the
Christian
Religion
;
particularly
Zizim
,
who
was
endu'd
with
much
Generosity
,
and
a
Regularity
in
his
conditions
.
After
Demetrius
had
presented
the
Letter
to
the
Grand
Master
,
he
declar'd
to
him
that
he
did
not
demand
but
only
a
slight
Tribute
for
the
sole
conditions
of
the
Peace
;
and
then
craftily
insinuated
that
the
Proposals
of
the
Princes
were
too
civil
to
be
deny'd
by
the
generosity
of
the
Knights
.
That
the
friendship
of
the
Invincible
Mahomet
was
above
the
value
of
a
slight
homage
.
That
it
highly
concern'd
the
Christians
to
act
prudently
with
a
Conqueror
who
made
all
the
Earth
to
tremble
,
and
who
vouchsaf'd
to
be
their
friend
.
These
fair
words
wrought
little
effect
;
for
besides
that
the
Grand
Master
was
informed
by
his
Spies
,
that
they
had
a
mind
to
surprize
them
,
he
conjectur'd
of
himself
at
the
motives
of
the
Embassy
by
the
Person
of
the
Embassador
;
who
was
not
unknown
to
him
.
The
very
name
of
Renegado
gave
him
a
suspition
.
He
lookt
upon
Demetrius
as
a
Traitor
,
whom
it
behov'd
him
to
beware
of
,
and
not
as
a
person
with
whom
he
could
negotiate
securely
.
So
that
the
affair
miscarry'd
at
first
,
where
Mahomet
thought
he
had
done
for
the
best
.
Of
so
great
importance
it
is
for
the
success
of
Negotiations
and
Embassies
to
employ
persons
of
Integrity
and
honour
;
or
at
least
such
as
have
the
reputation
of
being
so
.
Nevertheless
the
Grand
Master
dissembl'd
his
distrust
,
and
judging
how
advantageous
a
suspension
of
Arms
would
be
,
till
such
time
as
all
the
warlike
Provision
which
he
expected
every
day
were
arrived
,
together
with
the
Knights
which
had
been
summon'd
,
he
did
not
utterly
reject
Propositions
of
Demetrius
,
neither
did
he
absolutely
accept
it
:
and
whatever
Artifice
the
cunning
Fox
could
use
to
draw
from
him
a
precise
answer
,
all
his
reply
was
,
that
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
could
not
treat
with
Mahomet
without
the
permision
of
the
Pope
;
that
questionless
his
Holiness
would
not
oppose
the
peace
,
provided
that
his
Master
would
harken
to
those
Conditions
which
had
formerly
been
concluded
with
Amurath
,
that
is
to
say
,
without
any
mention
of
Tribute
.
That
in
expectation
of
the
Popes
answer
,
it
would
do
well
,
if
so
it
pleas'd
the
Ottoman
Princes
,
that
there
should
be
a
Cessation
of
Arms
,
and
liberty
of
Commerce
between
the
Christians
and
the
Turks
.
The
Renegado
,
who
well
understood
how
nice
the
Knights
were
in
point
of
Tribute
,
and
thought
of
nothing
more
then
a
positive
refusal
at
first
,
contented
himself
that
he
had
set
the
business
a
foot
.
And
the
better
to
bring
it
to
a
happy
conclusion
,
promised
of
his
own
accord
,
in
the
names
of
Zizim
and
Shelebi
what
the
Grand
Master
had
desir'd
,
and
departed
very
well
satisfy'd
.
▪
that
he
was
not
flatly
deny'd
.
The
Grand
Master
wrote
a
very
civil
Letter
to
the
two
Princes
;
he
thanked
them
for
their
kind
endeavours
,
and
highly
applauded
their
good
intentions
;
but
he
declar'd
at
the
same
time
,
without
so
much
as
mentioning
the
Tribute
,
that
he
could
not
come
to
any
conclusion
,
till
he
knew
the
Popes
resolution
,
and
how
the
Christian
Princes
stood
affected
to
it
,
who
made
the
affairs
of
Rhodes
their
own
business
.
Demetrius
had
no
sooner
given
an
accompt
of
his
Negotiation
,
but
the
Princes
sent
him
back
,
with
order
not
to
speak
a
word
more
of
the
Tribute
,
and
to
demand
only
some
small
present
,
to
cover
with
a
specious
Title
that
submission
which
Mahomet
exacted
from
the
Knights
.
But
their
answer
was
still
the
same
that
they
could
make
no
engagement
,
till
they
had
heard
news
from
Rome
.
All
that
they
could
farther
say
,
was
,
that
those
Presents
which
were
exacted
yearly
,
did
very
much
resemble
presents
,
and
that
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
were
not
overforward
to
make
any
kind
of
Presents
to
the
Grand
Signior
.
Demetrius
understood
well
enough
what
they
meant
.
However
he
was
yet
in
hopes
that
the
Grand
Master
might
at
length
be
brought
to
relent
,
and
to
engage
him
thereto
by
his
Interest
,
he
promis'd
him
again
a
suspention
of
Arms
,
with
liberty
of
Trade
.
Nevertheless
the
Grand
Master
did
not
fail
to
prepare
for
War
,
as
if
their
had
not
been
so
much
as
any
discourse
of
peace
;
and
that
Mahomet
should
not
be
inform'd
of
any
thing
,
he
order'd
that
no
Vessel
should
stir
out
of
the
Port.
He
soon
perceiv'd
that
the
Infidels
were
not
very
curious
in
observing
Truces
:
and
the
advice
which
was
brought
him
that
the
Turkish
Brigantines
had
taken
certain
Vessels
belonging
to
the
Order
,
near
the
Islands
of
Calamo
and
Episcopia
,
confirm'd
him
more
and
more
in
the
thoughts
which
he
had
,
that
all
this
Treaty
was
but
an
Artifice
;
and
he
rather
believ'd
that
the
Turks
were
so
much
the
more
ready
to
beseige
Rome
,
by
how
much
they
seem'd
to
be
farthest
from
any
such
design
.
So
that
he
renew'd
all
the
Orders
which
he
had
given
out
for
the
security
of
the
City
;
he
also
sent
to
Naples
the
Knight
D'Albalat
of
Aragon
to
buy
Corn
,
and
besides
that
,
as
he
was
resolv'd
that
the
Barbarians
should
not
carry
by
famine
what
they
could
not
win
by
force
,
he
sent
into
Aegypt
and
Syria
for
plenty
of
all
sorts
of
Provisions
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Knights
arriv'd
at
Rhodes
from
all
parts
of
Christendom
.
And
in
regard
the
assembly
which
was
to
be
held
the
first
of
May
,
was
put
off
by
the
Popes
Bull
,
and
deferr'd
to
the
28th
of
October
,
by
an
order
of
Council
they
appear'd
almost
all
at
a
time
.
The
Grand
Master
,
at
the
opening
the
Assembly
,
made
a
speech
that
made
no
small
Impression
upon
their
Spirits
.
After
the
usual
ceremonies
and
Formalities
,
the
sixteen
who
were
elected
for
the
Government
of
all
things
,
laid
new
Taxes
upon
all
the
Commanderies
,
and
earnestly
desir'd
the
Grand
Master
to
take
upon
him
the
administration
of
the
Revenue
.
Though
he
had
other
weighty
business
enough
to
do
,
and
that
this
alone
was
sufficient
to
take
up
a
mans
whole
time
,
he
readily
accepted
it
;
but
the
easiness
wherewith
he
acquitted
himself
of
a
charge
so
burthensome
,
oblig'd
the
Knights
to
qualify
the
hardness
of
the
Labour
by
the
entire
confidence
which
they
manifestly
let
him
see
they
had
in
him
.
They
gave
him
full
power
to
employ
to
what
uses
,
and
after
what
manner
he
should
think
good
,
all
the
money
that
should
be
brought
into
the
Treasury
.
They
also
order'd
that
all
the
Ammunition
and
Warlike
provisions
should
be
put
into
his
hands
,
to
distribute
as
he
should
see
cause
.
Moreover
that
he
should
have
power
to
create
the
Receiver
General
of
Avignon
,
and
all
the
other
Receivers
,
by
one
Warrant
alone
sign'd
by
his
hand
:
that
without
having
regard
to
the
priority
of
Languages
,
nor
the
antiquity
of
the
Knights
,
he
might
make
the
Castellane
of
Rhodes
,
the
Judges
and
Baily
of
Commerce
,
the
Captain
of
the
Castle
St.
Peter
,
and
all
the
Captains
of
the
Galleys
.
That
he
might
also
choose
the
Captains
of
the
three
Towers
,
and
the
Gates
of
the
City
;
that
in
case
the
Grand
Commandery
of
Cyprus
,
the
Bayliage
of
Lango
,
and
the
Office
of
Procurator
General
at
the
Court
at
Rome
came
to
be
vacant
during
his
administration
,
it
should
be
free
for
him
to
dispose
thereof
at
his
pleasure
.
But
to
the
end
he
might
not
be
thwarted
in
the
exercise
of
his
charge
,
they
forbid
the
Bayliffs
,
the
Priors
,
and
all
the
rest
of
the
Knights
to
meddle
in
any
manner
whatsoever
with
the
treasury
.
They
also
gave
him
the
liberty
to
retain
next
his
person
,
or
to
send
to
what
place
he
pleas'd
,
seven
of
the
Grand
Crosses
which
they
nam'd
,
and
to
choose
others
by
his
own
particular
authority
,
if
any
one
happen
to
miscarry
.
Lastly
,
because
the
revenue
of
the
Grand
Master
▪
was
very
much
impair'd
,
because
of
their
extraordinary
expences
for
the
Fortifications
of
the
Island
,
or
for
the
aid
of
the
Subjects
of
the
Order
,
they
permitted
him
to
keep
in
his
hands
,
during
his
life
,
three
of
those
Commanderies
which
he
had
the
priviledg
to
dispose
of
himself
,
as
Grand
Master
.
Hardly
were
the
affairs
of
the
Chapter
at
an
end
,
when
news
was
brought
,
that
the
Infidels
had
shewn
themselves
before
the
Castle
of
St.
Peter
,
under
pretence
of
parlying
upon
an
accommodation
,
but
in
truth
to
surprize
the
Garrison
.
The
Grand
Master
wrote
further
to
the
Gcvernour
of
the
Castle
,
and
commanded
him
,
by
vertue
of
the
holy
obedience
,
to
have
no
commerce
with
them
,
and
to
treat
with
them
as
if
there
were
no
truce
in
being
.
Neither
was
he
satisfi'd
in
giving
him
his
Orders
,
and
advertizing
him
of
the
Ambuscades
of
the
enemies
;
he
also
sent
him
a
considerable
reinforcement
of
Knights
and
Souldiers
,
which
forc'd
the
enemy
to
retire
.
But
that
the
Order
might
no
be
in
want
of
Money
,
when
there
was
more
occasion
for
it
then
ever
,
the
Grand
Master
,
according
to
the
absolute
authority
which
he
had
in
the
management
of
the
Treasury
,
establish'd
the
Knight
D'Erland
his
Lieutenant
in
the
Priories
of
St.
Giles's
and
Tholouse
,
with
ample
power
to
change
the
Receivers
and
the
Treasurers
;
to
be
urgent
with
bad
Paymasters
,
and
to
punish
them
if
there
were
occasion
;
and
to
do
his
utmost
to
raise
what
large
sums
he
could
.
He
dispatch'd
away
the
Knight
Chialli
for
the
same
cause
,
into
the
Priories
of
France
,
Aquitain
,
and
Champaign
,
after
he
had
honour'd
him
with
the
dignity
of
Knight
Hospitaller
of
the
Order
,
which
he
had
tak'n
from
the
Knight
de
Molay
,
for
not
appearing
at
Rhodes
according
to
the
time
prefix'd
in
the
Bull.
He
more
severely
handl'd
also
other
Knights
,
who
being
oblig'd
to
have
made
their
appearance
at
the
Assembly
,
had
contemn'd
his
Orders
,
and
instead
of
hastning
to
the
defence
of
the
Island
,
loyter'd
at
home
,
either
plung'd
in
the
pleasures
of
an
effeminate
life
,
or
taken
up
with
the
affairs
of
the
world
.
For
after
he
had
declar'd
them
disobedient
and
Rebels
,
he
took
away
from
them
their
habit
,
and
cut
them
off
from
the
body
of
the
Order
.
Now
,
though
Mahomet
got
no
advantage
by
all
his
devices
,
however
he
continu'd
his
undermining
practices
;
imagining
,
according
to
the
principles
of
his
policy
,
that
men
were
so
much
the
more
to
affect
credit
and
reputation
,
by
how
much
the
more
those
persons
,
with
whom
he
treated
,
had
a
distrust
;
and
that
there
are
such
moments
wherein
the
wisest
are
surpriz'd
,
when
a
man
knows
how
to
maintain
a
cheat
long
enough
.
Therefore
in
some
measure
to
repair
the
fault
which
he
had
committed
,
in
making
choice
of
a
suspected
person
,
he
sent
a
Turk
of
merit
to
Rhodes
;
and
to
take
off
all
suspition
,
he
resolv'd
to
appear
,
and
own
the
negotiation
himself
.
The
Embassador
did
all
that
lay
in
his
power
to
perswade
the
Rhodians
to
believe
that
the
Grand
Signior
sincerely
dedesir'd
a
Peace
;
and
he
declar'd
in
full
Council
,
that
he
came
as
well
on
the
Grand
Signior's
behalf
,
as
on
the
part
of
Zizim
,
to
conclude
it
in
the
most
amicable
manner
that
might
be
.
He
deliver'd
himself
worthy
and
nobly
,
and
far
from
that
insolent
and
disdainful
air
with
which
the
Turks
are
wont
to
treat
the
Christians
,
with
whom
they
negotiate
;
there
appear'd
neither
pride
nor
haughtiness
in
his
behaviour
.
But
all
this
affected
carriage
,
whereby
the
Embassador
of
the
Ottoman
Court
pretended
to
dispel
the
suspitions
of
the
Grand
Master
,
did
but
augment
them
.
He
conjectur'd
that
such
an
extraordinary
shew
of
sincerity
was
but
a
mask
of
more
fine
and
subtil
deception
;
that
there
was
no
more
credit
to
be
given
to
the
words
of
the
unknown
person
,
then
to
the
Greek
Renegado
:
For
which
reason
he
gave
the
second
Embassador
no
other
answer
then
he
had
giv'n
the
former
.
But
because
that
he
who
intends
to
defend
himself
from
a
conceal'd
enemy
,
is
not
by
any
means
to
make
his
discovery
publick
;
and
for
that
there
are
certain
decencies
to
be
observ'd
with
Illustrious
enemies
,
how
perfidious
soever
they
be
;
The
Grand
Master
would
not
permit
the
Turkish
Embassador
to
have
the
least
glimpse
of
his
intentions
,
but
sent
a
Knight
along
with
him
,
to
let
Mahomet
understand
that
the
Order
was
ready
to
make
Peace
with
him
upon
the
ancient
conditions
,
but
that
he
could
not
submit
to
the
payment
of
any
duty
.
Mahomet
extremely
resented
a
refusal
so
plain
and
so
haughty
,
but
he
had
so
much
power
over
himself
as
to
disguise
it
.
And
therefore
instead
of
manifesting
his
displeasure
against
the
Embassador
of
Rhodes
,
he
shew'd
him
all
the
marks
of
his
favour
;
and
the
better
to
make
good
his
Politicks
,
he
added
rich
Presents
to
his
flattering
words
.
Yet
all
this
did
not
dazle
the
eyes
of
the
Grand
Master
:
and
therefore
considering
what
he
had
done
,
he
thought
it
but
reasonable
to
put
himself
in
a
posture
to
expect
the
utmost
of
extremities
,
believing
it
would
not
be
long
ere
the
Grand
Signior's
fury
would
break
out
.
Mahomet
indeed
set
forth
from
Constantinople
with
a
Puissant
Army
.
But
instead
of
turning
towards
Rhodes
,
he
march'd
toward
Scutari
,
whether
it
were
out
of
an
intention
to
amuse
the
Knights
,
making
them
believe
that
he
had
no
thoughts
upon
them
;
or
whether
he
had
a
design
to
affright
them
,
and
at
the
same
time
to
punish
the
Venetians
for
their
obstinate
resistance
.
The
City
was
besieg'd
three
years
by
the
Turk
;
and
it
may
be
said
,
that
never
place
was
more
vigorously
attacqu'd
,
nor
more
generously
defended
.
The
Assailants
gave
several
Onsets
at
several
times
;
and
if
we
may
believe
the
Writers
of
that
time
,
they
threw
so
many
Arrows
and
Javelins
into
the
Ciries
,
that
the
besieg'd
had
enough
to
make
up
the
breaches
of
the
Walls
,
and
for
necessary
firing
when
their
wood
was
spent
.
And
that
which
was
more
strange
,
they
were
nothing
dismaid
by
the
cruelties
of
Mahomet
,
who
caus'd
three
hundred
Prisoners
to
be
cut
in
two
in
view
of
the
Town
.
The
only
want
of
Victuals
and
Souldiers
constrain'd
them
to
surrender
.
And
the
reducing
of
Scutari
was
one
of
the
Articles
of
Peace
which
the
Turks
made
with
the
Common-wealth
of
Venice
.
The
Grand
Master
after
that
made
no
question
but
that
all
the
fury
of
the
Ottoman
power
would
fall
upon
him
.
But
because
the
affair
of
Rhodes
was
the
common
cause
of
the
Church
,
and
that
without
the
assistance
of
the
Christian
Princes
,
it
was
not
possible
to
hold
out
against
the
Barbarians
any
long
time
,
he
dispatch'd
away
three
Knights
of
singular
worth
to
the
principal
Courts
of
Europe
.
And
because
it
was
of
high
importance
in
case
of
a
Siege
,
that
some
of
the
Knights
should
continue
abroad
to
solicit
the
Succour
of
the
Princes
,
and
to
manage
the
other
affairs
of
the
Order
,
the
Grand
Master
order'd
the
Knight
Piozzasco
,
whom
he
had
establish'd
his
Lieutenant
,
when
he
sent
him
to
Sixtus
the
fourth
,
and
who
had
always
been
resident
in
the
Court
of
Rome
.
He
commanded
the
Knight
Blanchefort
,
his
Nephew
,
whom
he
sent
to
Lewis
the
eleventh
to
stay
in
France
with
the
Knights
de
Bridiers
,
and
de
Da●vois
,
who
accompani'd
him
in
his
Embassy
.
And
having
thus
settl'd
his
affairs
,
he
resolv'd
to
put
himself
into
a
posture
to
receive
the
Barbarians
,
fully
believing
that
the
Turkish
Army
would
suddenly
appear
before
Rhodes
.
Nor
was
his
conjecture
false
.
Mahomet
put
off
his
Vizor
;
and
as
before
his
ambition
gave
way
to
his
prudence
,
now
his
prudence
gave
way
to
his
choler
and
despight
.
He
could
no
longer
endure
that
a
small
Republick
should
brave
him
in
the
very
bosom
of
his
Empire
,
and
the
haughtiness
of
the
Knights
augmented
his
so
far
,
as
to
make
him
fall
into
transports
of
rage
,
which
would
not
permit
him
to
listen
to
the
reasons
of
his
wisest
Ministers
.
He
believ'd
none
but
Demetrius
and
Meligale
:
those
two
Renegado's
obtain'd
the
sole
disposal
of
his
thoughts
;
and
according
to
the
custom
of
interested
Courtiers
,
who
flatter
the
passion
of
the
Prince
to
satisfy
their
own
;
they
so
vehemently
incens'd
him
against
the
Rhodians
,
and
the
Order
of
St.
John
,
that
he
resolv'd
to
lay
siege
to
Rhodes
.
The
better
to
six
and
settle
so
important
an
enterprize
,
he
held
a
secret
Council
,
to
which
he
call'd
the
most
expert
Engineers
of
all
his
Armies
;
but
the
person
he
most
confided
in
,
was
George
Frapam
,
a
German
,
who
was
profoundly
skill'd
in
the
art
of
War
,
and
who
after
he
had
liv'd
some
years
in
the
Island
of
Scio
,
went
to
Constantinople
,
where
being
marri'd
,
he
had
access
to
the
Grand
Signior
,
who
lov'd
men
of
Parts
.
He
had
formerly
been
at
Rhodes
,
and
had
taken
an
exact
plat-form
of
the
City
.
Upon
this
plat-form
,
as
that
which
was
adjudg'd
the
most
regular
of
all
the
rest
,
he
began
to
lay
his
contrivances
for
the
management
of
the
siege
.
Mahomet
,
who
was
resolv'd
not
to
go
in
person
,
whether
for
fear
of
hazarding
his
Renown
,
or
else
not
caring
to
honour
the
Knights
by
fighting
against
them
himself
,
declar'd
his
Basha
,
Misach
Paleologus
,
General
of
his
Army
.
This
was
his
principal
Favourite
,
and
the
most
Illustrious
Basha
of
the
whole
Empire
.
He
was
a
Greek
of
the
Imperial
House
of
the
Paleologi
,
born
a
Christian
,
and
bred
up
in
Christianism
.
He
forsook
his
Religion
to
save
his
life
at
the
taking
of
Constantinople
,
when
the
Conqueror
put
to
death
all
that
fell
into
his
hands
of
the
Family
or
Blood
of
the
Emperor
Constantine
.
Having
abjur'd
his
Faith
,
it
was
no
hard
thing
for
him
to
obtain
the
highest
Commands
in
the
Ottoman
Court
.
His
wit
,
his
courage
and
deportment
,
were
answerable
to
his
birth
.
He
had
by
degrees
habituated
himself
to
the
customs
of
the
Turks
;
yet
not
altogether
forgetting
the
fashions
of
the
Greeks
;
so
that
in
him
the
rudeness
of
the
one
,
and
the
politeness
of
the
other
,
seem'd
to
be
both
joyn'd
together
.
When
he
had
gain'd
the
favour
of
the
Grand
Signior
,
he
accompani'd
him
in
all
his
military
Expeditions
,
and
always
shar'd
both
in
his
designs
and
Conquests
.
So
that
in
time
he
acquir'd
great
experience
in
War
;
and
it
was
the
general
opinion
of
Turkey
,
that
next
to
Mahomet
,
there
was
none
more
fit
to
undertake
the
Conduct
of
a
difficult
enterprize
then
Basha
Paleologus
.
In
the
mean
while
,
for
fear
the
Grand
Master
should
have
advice
of
what
past
at
Constantinople
,
Mahomet
set
guards
upon
all
the
Passes
,
and
commanded
his
Governors
to
stop
all
Posts
,
and
to
open
all
Letters
.
He
order'd
also
a
great
number
of
Infantry
to
fall
down
through
Asia
the
less
.
But
that
it
should
not
be
thought
that
he
intended
a
siege
,
while
he
prepares
the
great
Ships
which
were
to
carry
the
extraordinary
pieces
of
Cannon
;
he
sent
forth
out
of
the
Streight
a
hunder'd
and
fifty
light
Ships
with
ordinary
Artillery
,
giving
it
our
at
the
same
time
,
that
the
whole
design
of
the
Ottoman
Court
,
was
to
pillage
the
Sea
Coasts
and
Islands
of
the
Christians
.
Basha
Paleologus
stay'd
not
till
the
great
Fleet
was
ready
;
he
went
abroad
the
first
Vessels
that
set
sail
;
and
to
conceal
his
design
from
the
Turks
themselves
,
he
steer'd
a
course
different
from
that
of
Rhodes
.
Mahomet
was
pleas'd
that
Demetrius
and
Meligale
should
bear
the
Basha
Company
together
with
the
German
Engineer
,
from
whom
he
promised
himself
great
matters
.
All
these
precautions
of
Mahomet
and
the
Basha
,
could
not
prevent
but
that
the
defigns
of
the
Ottoman
Court
were
discover'd
at
Rhodes
,
the
Grand
Master
being
inform'd
of
every
thing
by
his
Spies
which
he
kept
in
the
Ottoman
Court.
However
the
News
did
not
come
much
before
the
Gallies
that
set
out
first
began
to
appear
.
For
they
shew'd
themselves
within
sight
of
the
Island
upon
the
fourth
day
of
December
in
the
year
1479.
and
came
to
an
Anchor
before
the
Fort
of
Fano
.
The
General
of
the
Turks
,
who
would
not
be
idle
,
in
expectation
of
the
rest
of
his
Forces
,
immediately
landed
the
Cavalry
which
he
had
brought
with
him
;
and
order'd
his
Avant
Curriers
to
harrass
the
Countrey
,
and
burn
the
Villages
.
The
Knight
Rodolphus
of
Wertemberg
,
Baily
of
Brandenburgh
,
whom
the
Grand
Master
had
assign'd
to
sustain
the
first
efforts
of
the
Enemy
,
did
not
suffer
the
Spahi's
punctually
to
execute
the
Orders
of
their
General
;
for
he
charg'd
them
at
the
head
of
the
Light
Horse
which
he
commanded
,
and
after
he
had
slain
several
of
them
,
forc'd
the
rest
to
betake
them
to
their
Ships
.
This
Repulse
constrain'd
the
Basha
to
retire
;
but
it
was
only
to
attacque
Felo
,
one
of
the
Islands
which
the
Knights
possess'd
in
the
Archipelago
.
The
Turks
batter'd
the
Fort
without
ceasing
for
eight
days
together
,
and
several
times
they
scal'd
the
Walls
,
but
all
to
no
purpose
;
for
the
Knights
,
the
Souldiers
,
and
the
Country
men
that
defended
the
place
,
made
so
stout
a
resistance
,
that
the
Enemy
rais'd
his
Siege
with
no
small
loss
and
disgrace
.
Whereupon
the
Grand
Master
did
not
only
commend
in
full
council
the
valour
of
the
Garison
,
but
also
sent
considerable
rewards
to
those
that
had
most
couragiously
behav'd
themselves
,
proportionable
to
their
condition
and
merit
.
These
first
Exploits
encourag'd
the
Christians
,
though
they
did
discourage
the
Infidels
.
Nor
did
Misach
Paleologus
lay
so
much
to
heart
the
misfortune
of
his
Arms
,
as
the
death
of
Meligale
.
That
Renegado
,
whom
the
Basha
reserv'd
for
great
occasions
,
was
struck
with
a
prodigious
disease
upon
the
Sea
,
which
carry'd
him
off
in
a
few
days
.
His
body
was
all
over
nothing
but
corruption
;
and
besides
the
insupportable
stench
of
his
Corps
,
the
Worms
which
eat
him
alive
,
render'd
him
a
miserable
spectacle
to
all
the
world
;
the
sight
of
which
was
dreadful
to
behold
.
After
he
had
endur'd
the
utmost
extremities
of
Torment
,
and
in
vain
implor'd
relief
from
Heaven
,
he
dy'd
blaspheming
God
,
and
cursing
men
,
almost
in
view
of
Rhodes
.
Paying
that
punishment
which
his
Country
exacted
from
him
by
a
most
Tragical
end
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Turkish
Fleet
pass'd
the
Streight
of
Gallipoli
,
and
the
Forces
that
came
by
Land
,
rendevouz'd
in
Lycia
,
as
they
were
appointed
.
There
the
report
ran
that
Mahomet
was
suddenly
dead
,
and
that
the
Souldiers
which
march'd
from
all
parts
,
were
only
to
prevent
such
Commotions
and
Insurrections
as
are
wont
to
happen
upon
the
death
of
the
Emperor
.
A
Greek
Spy
,
who
was
discover'd
at
Rhodes
,
and
the
Prisoners
that
were
taken
and
sent
thither
by
the
Knights
of
the
Fort
of
Fano
,
confess'd
all
they
knew
.
By
other
means
also
the
Grand
Master
understood
that
the
Enemies
Fleet
drew
nearer
and
nearer
,
and
being
one
that
was
accustom'd
to
false
reports
,
he
believ'd
nothing
less
then
the
death
of
Mahomet
;
and
as
for
that
of
Meligale
,
he
look'd
upon
it
as
an
example
of
Divine
Justice
,
and
a
pledg
of
Victory
.
However
he
omitted
not
to
take
all
the
caution
that
Humane
prudence
could
require
.
And
therefore
considering
that
the
Churches
of
St.
Mary
and
St.
Anthony
,
that
stood
without
the
City
,
and
very
near
the
Walls
,
might
serve
for
shelter
for
the
Infidels
,
and
annoy
the
Town
;
he
caus'd
them
to
be
pull'd
down
.
He
order'd
that
the
Inhabitants
who
had
Gardens
and
Houses
about
the
City
,
should
cut
down
all
the
Trees
that
did
not
bear
Fruit
,
and
that
they
should
bring
into
Rhodes
as
much
of
the
Wood
as
they
could
.
He
commanded
them
also
to
cut
down
all
the
Barley
and
Oats
that
were
grown
up
,
that
the
Enemy
might
want
sorrage
for
their
Horses
,
and
also
all
the
Wheat
,
and
to
spoil
the
Grass
and
green
Plants
.
After
which
having
chosen
for
Captains
of
the
Successors
,
the
Hospitaller
,
the
Admiral
,
the
Chancellour
and
Treasurer
of
the
Order
;
he
gave
instructions
to
the
Knights
of
the
several
Languages
what
they
should
severally
act
▪
exhorting
them
in
a
few
words
to
acquit
themselves
faithfully
of
their
duties
.
Behold
,
said
he
,
Brave
Knights
,
an
oppertunity
at
length
for
ye
all
to
shew
what
ye
are
.
We
have
provisions
of
all
sorts
in
abundance
,
and
though
our
forces
are
not
so
numerous
as
those
of
the
Enemy
,
they
are
both
valianter
and
better
disciplin'd
.
Italy
,
France
,
Germany
,
all
Christendom
will
send
us
relief
,
and
we'
are
assur'd
of
Victory
,
provided
we
do
our
duty
.
Jesus
Christ
as
our
Captain
in
the
War
,
he
will
not
forsake
them
that
fight
for
his
names
sake
;
And
it
will
only
belong
to
you
,
when
you
have
caus'd
the
Infidels
to
raise
their
Siege
,
to
drive
them
out
of
Constantinople
,
with
the
assistance
of
the
Christian
Princes
.
But
because
the
Grand
Master
was
fully
perswaded
,
that
in
affairs
the
best
order'd
are
not
always
successful
,
unless
favour'd
and
prosper'd
by
God
himself
:
he
caus'd
publick
prayers
to
be
made
to
Heaven
,
and
sent
for
an
Image
of
the
Virgin
.
It
was
that
which
the
Rhodians
worshipp'd
upon
Mount
Palermus
,
and
which
after
Solyman
had
taken
Rhodes
was
carry'd
to
Malta
,
where
it
still
remains
in
the
Church
of
St.
John
the
Baptist
.
What
the
fatal
Image
of
Minerva
was
to
the
people
of
Troy
,
that
was
the
Image
of
the
Virgin
to
the
people
of
Rhodes
;
who
believ'd
they
had
nothing
to
fear
while
she
was
in
the
midst
of
them
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Sentinel
that
stood
upon
the
top
of
St.
Stevens
Mount
,
gave
a
Signal
,
to
advertize
that
the
Enemies
Fleet
appear'd
.
The
Grand
Master
hasted
to
the
Mountain
to
satisfy
his
own
eyes
,
carrying
along
with
him
men
expert
in
Sea
affairs
,
who
were
all
of
one
opinion
,
by
the
course
which
the
Fleet
steer'd
,
that
they
were
bound
to
join
with
the
Basha
,
who
stay'd
for
them
in
the
Port
of
Fesco
;
there
to
embarque
all
his
Forces
.
Nor
were
they
deceiv'd
.
For
the
Souldiers
being
embarqu'd
with
all
speed
,
the
Ottoman
Fleet
compos'd
of
a
hundred
and
sixty
Sail
,
steer'd
directly
along
the
Coast
of
Lycia
,
with
a
fair
Gale
:
at
length
it
appear'd
before
Rhodes
again
the
23d
of
May
in
the
year
1480.
Then
to
see
the
excellent
order
of
the
Barbarians
,
to
hear
the
joyful
shouts
of
the
Barbarians
,
the
sound
of
the
Fifes
,
the
noise
of
the
Trumpets
;
it
seem'd
▪
as
if
they
had
been
Triumphant
Victorers
making
their
entry
into
a
conquer'd
City
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
Peter
D'Aubusson
,
Grand
Master
of
RHODES
.
Book
Third
.
THE
City
of
Rhodes
so
famous
in
Antiquity
for
Art
and
Science
,
there
cherish'd
,
and
for
the
birth
of
so
many
famous
men
,
is
seated
by
the
Sea-side
upon
the
descent
of
a
little
Hill
,
which
rises
insensibly
,
in
a
pleasant
plain
,
in
the
North
part
of
the
Island
,
that
bears
its
name
.
It
is
crown'd
with
several
little
Hillocks
full
of
clear
Springs
;
and
which
in
the
time
of
the
Grand
Master
,
whose
story
I
write
,
were
all
shaded
with
Orange
,
Pomegranate
Trees
,
and
others
of
the
same
nature
.
It
was
then
well
built
,
immur'd
with
a
double
Wall
,
fortify'd
with
several
Towers
,
that
were
encompass'd
every
one
with
a
kind
of
Ravelin
or
Bastion
.
A
great
Rampart
sustain'd
these
Walls
within
,
and
a
large
and
deep
Moat
environ'd
them
without
.
But
toward
the
South
,
and
on
that
side
where
the
Jews
inhabited
in
the
low
Town
,
the
Towers
were
something
more
distant
one
from
another
;
for
which
reason
that
side
was
so
much
the
weaker
.
The
Quarter
where
the
Knights
liv'd
,
which
was
call'd
the
Mansions
,
of
the
Languages
,
which
was
a
kind
of
City
by
it self
,
was
the
stronger
not
only
for
its
scituation
,
but
also
for
the
scituation
which
art
had
added
to
it
.
For
besides
that
the
Sea
wash'd
it
upon
the
North
and
East
,
it
was
defended
by
two
Bulwarks
,
nine
Towers
,
and
by
a
particular
Fortification
that
extended
it self
to
the
Sea
.
A
very
thick
Wall
,
and
flank'd
with
good
Towers
,
separated
it
from
the
low
Town
,
which
the
people
and
inhabitants
possess'd
.
The
Palace
of
the
Grand
Master
that
run
along
the
Mansions
of
the
Knight
upon
the
West
side
,
was
better
fortify'd
then
the
rest
,
having
three
or
four
distinct
enclosures
.
The
Port
that
was
the
chief
defence
of
the
whole
City
,
look'd
toward
the
East
,
and
somewhat
toward
the
North.
It
was
made
by
two
Moles
,
that
stretching
themselves
from
the
Walls
of
the
City
,
and
almost
meeting
one
another
,
left
no
more
room
but
for
one
Gally
at
a
time
to
enter
.
The
entry
was
guarded
by
two
strong
Towers
,
seated
upon
two
Rocks
,
upon
which
formerly
stood
the
famous
Colossus
of
Brass
,
which
was
accounted
one
of
the
seven
wonders
of
the
World
.
Two
little
Bosomes
of
Sea
did
as
it
were
adorn
the
Port
upon
the
North
and
South
sides
,
and
a
Mole
that
it self
above
three
hunder'd
paces
into
the
Sea
,
at
the
end
whereof
stood
the
Tower
of
St.
Nicholas
,
which
clos'd
the
bosom
that
lay
upon
the
North.
If
we
may
believe
the
old
Arabick
Chronicles
,
intermixt
with
many
fables
,
this
Fort
was
anciently
built
by
an
Arabian
Prince
,
call'd
by
the
name
of
Muhavias
,
a
great
Souldier
,
and
Son
of
Abi
Safian
.
This
Prince
,
from
Governor
of
Egypt
and
Syria
,
coming
to
be
Caleph
nine
and
thirty
years
after
Mahomet
,
was
no
sooner
seated
upon
the
Arabian
Throne
,
but
he
resolv'd
to
conquer
all
the
Roman
Empire
;
and
his
first
design
was
to
attaque
Constantinople
by
Sea
and
Land
.
But
he
was
advis'd
to
go
first
to
Rhodes
,
which
the
exploits
of
the
Romans
made
every
day
more
famous
then
other
,
among
all
the
Nations
of
the
World
.
For
the
bringing
of
which
enterprize
to
pass
,
having
besieg'd
the
City
,
he
built
a
Tower
just
by
the
Port
,
upon
the
Rocks
that
ran
very
far
into
the
Sea
.
And
those
fabulous
Stories
relate
that
he
built
this
Tower
so
high
,
that
the
top
of
it
touch'd
the
Heavens
,
and
the
foundations
reach'd
to
the
center
of
the
Earth
.
The
truth
is
,
that
after
the
Venetians
had
rais'd
the
siege
of
Rhodes
,
in
the
year
1464
,
the
Grand
Master
,
Zacosta
,
considering
of
what
great
advantage
a
Fort
built
upon
those
Rocks
would
be
for
the
defence
of
the
City
,
began
that
very
year
to
build
the
Tower
of
St.
Nicholas
,
and
that
Philip
,
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
gave
twelve
thousand
Crowns
in
Gold
to
finish
it
;
which
engag'd
the
Knights
to
set
the
Arms
of
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
the
Provinces
under
his
subjection
,
upon
the
Tower
.
This
was
the
condition
of
the
City
of
Rhodes
,
when
it
was
besieg'd
by
the
Army
of
Mahomet
.
The
Fleet
came
to
an
Anchor
just
against
St.
Steven's
Mount
;
and
mauger
all
that
the
Knights
could
do
to
hinder
their
landing
,
the
Turks
got
footing
,
and
lodg'd
themselves
immediately
upon
the
Mount
,
and
in
the
neighbouring
plains
:
At
the
same
time
they
brought
a-shore
all
their
Artillery
also
,
and
their
Engines
of
War
.
The
Basha
had
in
his
Army
,
which
consisted
at
least
of
a
hunder'd
thousand
men
,
all
the
best
Squadrons
of
Anatolia
,
the
choice
of
the
Spahi's
and
Janizaries
,
above
four
thousand
Voluntiers
,
several
Beys
of
Romania
and
other
Governments
;
and
lastly
,
several
Companies
compos'd
of
the
Veteran
Bands
that
had
follow'd
Mahomet
in
all
his
military
Expeditions
.
No
sooner
were
they
encamp'd
,
but
a
Troop
of
Voluntiers
came
briskly
up
to
the
walls
of
the
City
,
to
brave
the
Rhodians
;
whether
the
first
heat
with
which
they
landed
were
not
yet
allaid
,
or
whether
they
thought
that
some
bold
and
irregular
action
could
do
no
harm
at
the
beginning
of
the
Siege
.
But
their
precipitation
cost
them
dear
;
for
a
party
of
the
Knights
sallying
out
upon
them
,
charg'd
them
so
vigorously
,
that
after
they
had
flain
a
great
number
of
them
,
they
put
the
rest
to
flight
.
The
Knights
were
no
sooner
re-enter'd
,
but
the
Barbarians
return'd
in
better
order
,
and
far
more
numerous
,
to
observe
the
condition
of
the
Town
.
The
Renegado
,
Demetrius
,
was
in
the
head
of
them
;
in
whom
the
Basha
most
confided
,
since
the
death
of
Meligale
.
Thereupon
the
Knights
made
a
second
sally
,
commanded
by
Antony
D'Aubusson
,
Vicount
of
Monteil
,
the
Grand
Master's
Brother
.
He
arriv'd
at
Rhodes
but
some
days
before
,
with
an
Equipage
and
a
Train
answerable
to
his
Quality
.
He
came
to
Rhodes
not
only
with
an
intention
to
go
to
Jerusalem
,
and
to
visit
the
holy
Sepulcher
,
according
to
the
custom
of
those
times
;
but
also
to
assist
the
Grand
Master
,
his
Brother
,
and
to
serve
the
Church
,
finding
himself
in
a
Siege
with
which
the
Knights
were
menac'd
every
moment
.
He
was
a
person
of
great
Honour
and
Generosity
,
very
skilful
in
the
art
of
War
,
and
one
that
profoundly
understood
the
world
.
He
was
made
Captain
General
of
the
Rhodians
upon
his
arrival
,
the
Heads
of
the
Council
,
who
knew
his
worth
,
making
choice
of
him
with
one
consent
.
He
had
brought
along
with
him
several
Gentlemen
of
Marche
,
that
were
his
Tenants
,
or
else
his
Friends
;
not
to
speak
of
other
Souldiers
that
accompani'd
him
,
of
which
the
chief
were
Lewis
of
Chaon
,
of
one
of
the
most
noble
Houses
of
Anjou
,
William
Gomare
of
Xaintonge
,
Matthew
Brangelier
of
Perigord
,
Claudian
Colombe
of
Bourdeaux
,
Charles
le
Roy
of
Dijon
,
and
Lewis
Sanguin
of
Paris
.
The
Vicount
of
Monteil
staid
not
till
the
enemy
came
up
to
him
,
but
march'd
to
them
with
his
Sword
in
his
hand
,
and
charg'd
them
vigorously
with
his
Troop
.
The
Turks
sustain'd
the
first
charge
without
stirring
,
and
Demetrius
encourag'd
them
so
by
his
words
,
and
his
example
,
that
they
at
length
made
the
Christians
give
ground
.
They
had
perhaps
put
them
to
disorder
,
if
the
Vicount
of
Montel
had
not
impetuously
spurr'd
his
Horse
upon
the
chief
of
the
Barbarians
,
who
seem'd
to
him
to
be
the
most
resolv'd
and
couragious
.
The
Knights
followed
the
Vicount
,
and
behav'd
themselves
so
valiantly
,
that
the
enemies
were
presently
cut
to
pieces
,
mauger
all
the
resistance
they
made
.
Demetrius
defended
himself
with
all
the
courage
that
honour
and
fury
could
inspire
into
him
.
But
his
Horse
being
kill'd
under
him
,
he
was
himself
thrown
to
the
ground
,
and
trampl'd
over
by
the
Horses
.
Insomuch
,
that
he
who
had
abjur'd
the
Faith
,
and
conspir'd
the
destruction
of
Rhodes
,
advanc'd
the
design
of
the
Infidels
no
more
than
his
friend
Meligalus
;
over
whom
he
had
only
this
advantage
,
to
dye
with
his
Arms
in
his
hands
,
and
signalizing
his
valour
;
a
death
too
noble
for
a
Renegado
and
a
Traytor
.
The
Rhodians
in
this
encounter
only
lost
the
Knight
de
Murat
,
of
the
Auvernian
Language
,
and
one
of
the
bravest
persons
of
the
Order
.
He
was
encompast
by
a
Body
of
Spahi's
▪
being
in
the
pursuit
of
some
that
ran
away
,
and
run
through
in
a
thousand
places
,
while
he
was
disarming
Demetrius
.
The
Turks
put
his
head
upon
the
end
of
a
Lance
,
and
to
comfort
themselves
for
their
misfortune
,
carri'd
it
into
their
Camp
with
most
hideous
yellings
,
and
shouts
of
derision
.
The
body
was
recover'd
out
of
their
hands
by
Knights
,
and
the
Grand
Master
caus'd
him
to
be
enterr'd
with
all
the
pomp
and
honour
that
so
renown'd
an
action
deserv'd
.
These
first
attempts
not
having
succeeded
with
the
Infidels
,
the
Dutch
Engineer
advis'd
the
battering
of
St.
Nicholas
Tower
,
believing
that
if
they
could
master
that
,
the
City
would
soon
surrender
;
or
at
least
,
that
they
should
thereby
hinder
any
Vessel
from
getting
into
the
Port.
The
Basha
believ'd
the
Engineer
,
and
the
Turks
carri'd
three
great
pieces
of
Artillery
into
the
Gardens
adjoyning
to
St.
Anthony's
Church
,
which
commanded
the
Tower
.
They
presently
cut
down
the
trees
,
and
after
they
had
plac'd
their
Gabions
to
secure
themselves
,
they
shot
without
ceasing
.
The
Grand
Master
immediately
rais'd
a
Counter
Battery
with
three
pieces
,
in
the
Garden
of
the
Auvernian
lodgings
.
Now
,
in
regard
the
noise
of
the
Cannon
,
that
never
lay
still
all
day
long
,
alarm'd
the
inhabitants
,
he
walk'd
his
rounds
about
the
City
,
accompani'd
by
the
principal
Knights
,
confirming
the
courage
of
the
people
by
his
presence
.
He
also
visited
all
the
Posts
the
same
night
,
encouraging
the
Souldiers
,
and
exhorting
them
to
fight
couragiously
for
the
Faith
.
No
sooner
the
day
began
to
peep
,
but
the
German
Engineer
appear'd
upon
the
brink
of
the
City
Moat
,
humbly
desiring
the
Guards
to
open
the
Gates
for
him
;
but
the
Souldiers
had
certainly
shot
him
,
had
not
some
of
the
more
prudent
Knights
prevented
them
.
Thereupon
,
by
the
command
of
the
Grand
Master
,
he
was
set
in
,
and
conducted
to
the
Castle
.
He
was
a
person
of
a
very
good
presence
,
and
tall
in
stature
;
he
had
a
crafty
wit
,
quite
contrary
to
the
character
of
his
Nation
;
bold
enough
,
and
one
that
knew
how
to
use
his
tongue
.
He
was
known
at
Rhodes
▪
and
was
accompted
one
of
the
most
skilful
Artists
of
his
time
.
Being
examin'd
what
reason
had
brought
him
thither
,
he
answer'd
,
that
he
came
to
defend
Rhodes
.
That
he
could
no
longer
endure
the
reproaches
of
his
own
conscience
,
for
having
employ'd
his
art
against
the
faithful
;
that
preferring
his
Salvation
before
his
Fortune
,
he
did
absolutely
renounce
the
advancement
which
he
might
expect
among
the
Turks
;
that
he
should
be
happy
to
dye
in
the
defence
of
the
Faith
.
That
he
desir'd
nothing
else
of
God
;
but
that
he
durst
not
hope
for
a
favour
,
of
which
he
was
so
unworthy
.
The
Grand
Master
commended
his
zeal
,
without
manifesting
the
least
mistrust
;
and
having
exhorted
him
to
persist
in
his
good
resolutions
,
he
examin'd
him
concerning
the
Army
of
the
Turks
.
The
German
,
the
more
bold
,
because
he
thought
himself
unsuspected
,
spoke
with
an
air
and
a
countenance
that
shew'd
nothing
of
a
Traytor
,
that
the
Turkish
Army
was
above
a
hunder'd
thousand
men
effective
,
besides
the
Forces
that
were
coming
to
joyn
with
them
;
that
the
Turks
,
besides
their
ordinary
Cannon
,
had
some
prodigious
pieces
,
above
eighteen
foot
long
,
that
carri'd
bullers
of
three
foot
in
diameter
.
That
they
were
resolv'd
to
perish
all
,
rather
then
think
of
raising
the
Siege
,
which
was
the
only
thing
that
griev'd
him
.
He
spake
with
so
much
confidence
,
that
many
believ'd
what
he
said
,
to
be
real
.
The
Grand
Master
,
that
he
might
venture
nothing
,
yet
make
use
of
the
opportunity
which
Fortune
had
put
into
his
hands
,
thought
he
might
make
use
of
the
Engineer
,
though
he
were
resolv'd
not
to
trust
him
.
To
that
purpose
he
commanded
the
Knights
,
who
had
the
charge
of
the
Artillery
,
to
consult
him
in
every
thing
,
and
not
to
raise
any
battery
without
him
.
And
to
prevent
his
return
to
the
Turks
Camp
,
or
from
keeping
any
correspondence
with
them
,
he
order'd
six
of
the
stoutest
Souldiers
in
the
City
always
to
attend
him
,
to
whom
he
gave
private
instructions
to
keep
him
always
in
sight
,
and
never
to
leave
him
alone
all
at
a
time
.
Though
the
Grand
Master
had
sent
to
Rome
the
Knight
Cardona
,
when
the
Infidels
first
appear'd
before
the
Isle
;
however
he
fail'd
not
to
send
again
,
so
soon
as
they
were
landed
,
He
sent
also
to
the
King
of
France
and
to
the
other
Christian
Princes
.
But
because
the
Letter
which
he
had
sent
to
the
absent
Priors
,
had
not
taken
that
full
effect
which
he
desir'd
;
he
dispatch'd
away
another
,
wherein
,
after
he
had
given
an
account
of
the
beginning
of
the
Siege
to
the
Knights
that
were
not
yet
return'd
;
he
declar'd
to
them
also
that
having
put
all
his
trust
in
God
,
he
fear'd
neither
the
force
nor
cunning
of
the
Barbarians
;
yet
that
he
hop'd
that
persons
of
their
worth
and
renown
,
would
not
fail
to
come
to
the
relief
of
the
Order
at
such
a
time
of
necessity
as
this
.
He
added
also
,
that
notwithstanding
the
Siege
,
the
Port
should
be
always
open
to
the
Vessels
of
the
Christians
.
In
the
mean
while
,
Misach
Paleologus
having
well
consider'd
the
situation
and
the
outside
of
the
Town
,
and
being
of
Opinion
▪
with
the
Engineer
,
that
all
would
follow
the
Tower
of
St.
Nicholas
,
he
caus'd
his
biggest
Pieces
to
be
planted
where
they
had
rais'd
the
first
Battery
;
and
in
a
small
time
they
made
above
three
hundered
Shot
.
The
Tower
was
shaken
to
the
very
Foundations
▪
and
batter'd
in
several
places
.
The
great
Wall
upon
the
West
side
fell
almost
all
down
,
and
falling
,
made
a
most
dreadful
noise
▪
so
that
the
noise
and
shouts
of
joy
among
the
Barbarians
,
caus'd
a
terrible
fear
in
the
City
;
but
they
were
soon
encourag'd
by
the
Exhortations
of
Antony
Fradin
,
of
the
Order
of
St.
Francis
,
a
man
eloquent
and
Apostolick
,
who
run
up
and
down
with
a
Crucifix
in
his
hand
performing
the
same
good
Offices
at
Rhodes
▪
which
John
Capestran
did
at
Belgrade
.
The
Tower
could
not
stand
,
considering
the
condition
to
which
the
Canon
had
reduc'd
it
,
and
yet
there
was
a
necessity
of
preserving
it
,
or
hazarding
the
loss
of
all
.
Thereupon
the
Grand
Master
resolv'd
to
choose
the
Flower
of
the
Knights
and
Souldiers
to
reinforce
the
Garrison
.
And
having
represented
to
them
of
what
importance
it
was
,
not
to
abandon
that
post
,
he
sent
them
thither
under
the
command
of
Fabritius
Caretta
an
Italian
,
conjuring
them
to
remember
that
they
had
in
their
hands
the
Destiny
of
Rhodes
.
He
also
went
thither
in
a
Barque
himself
,
to
see
what
work
the
Cannons
had
made
,
and
finding
that
the
ruines
of
the
Wall
had
made
a
kind
of
Bastion
round
about
the
remaining
part
,
so
that
their
Batteries
could
do
no
more
harm
,
he
made
an
enclosure
of
great
Beams
mortais'd
one
within
another
,
and
nail'd
together
,
to
strengthen
the
compass
of
the
Wall
&
the
Dtich
it self
,
which
was
hollow'd
out
of
the
Rock
:
and
seeing
that
some
part
of
the
Wall
was
fallen
within
the
Fort
,
he
caus'd
the
Ruins
to
be
carry'd
away
for
the
conveniency
of
the
Garrison
.
Then
because
the
little
Golph
that
wash'd
the
West
side
of
the
Mole
was
sometimes
so
low
that
it
might
be
waded
,
he
set
all
hands
at
work
to
prevent
the
Infidels
from
making
their
approaches
that
way
.
To
that
end
they
laid
Planks
at
the
bottom
of
the
Water
all
stuck
with
Iron
Spiks
;
and
then
there
was
a
good
strong
Guard
plac'd
upon
the
out
Wall
on
that
side
of
the
City
;
in
the
Trenches
also
lay
a
stout
squadron
of
French
and
Spanish
Knights
,
to
relieve
the
Garison
in
the
Tower
,
upon
occasion
.
The
Grand
Master
spent
all
the
night
a
Horse
back
,
and
in
Arms
,
stirring
continually
to
keep
his
men
in
Breath
.
The
Knights
and
Souldiers
kept
their
Posts
all
night
,
without
stirring
,
but
still
upon
the
watch
,
and
ready
to
fight
the
Enemy
.
The
Grand
Master
was
also
very
careful
to
plant
several
pieces
of
Canon
all
along
the
Walls
of
the
City
that
lookked
toward
the
Mole
of
the
Tower
,
to
sink
the
Turkish
Gallies
that
should
ride
there
to
favour
the
assault
,
He
also
provided
several
fire
Ships
to
burn
the
Enemies
Gallies
while
they
made
the
attacque
.
And
in
regard
all
was
to
be
hazarded
to
save
a
post
,
upon
which
depended
the
safety
of
the
City
,
he
put
himself
into
the
Tower
,
together
with
his
Brother
the
Viscount
of
Monteile
.
All
these
Cautions
were
but
little
enough
;
for
day
no
sooner
appear'd
,
but
the
Turkish
Gallies
weigh'd
from
before
Mount
St.
Stevens
,
and
steer'd
directly
to
the
Tower
with
a
fresh
gale
,
with
a
loud
noise
of
Trumpets
and
Drums
.
No
sooner
were
they
come
near
the
Rocks
of
the
Fort
,
but
the
Barbarians
leapt
a
shoar
,
and
while
the
Gallies
play'd
from
the
Sea
,
they
ran
to
the
assault
,
with
a
fury
that
look'd
more
like
desperateness
,
then
courage
.
At
the
same
time
,
they
within
discharg'd
all
their
Cannon
from
the
Walls
upon
the
Galleys
,
and
the
Musketeers
from
the
Mole
gave
the
Infidels
so
smart
a
Volley
,
that
they
kill'd
most
of
them
upon
the
place
;
the
rest
more
furious
for
the
slaughter
of
the
others
,
and
reinforc'd
with
fresh
supplies
,
in
spight
of
all
the
shot
from
the
City
,
fell
boldly
to
the
Scalado
.
They
that
defended
the
Tower
,
encourag'd
by
the
presence
of
the
Grand
Master
,
and
the
necessity
of
vanquishing
or
perishing
,
sustain'd
the
assault
with
a
resolution
that
astonish'd
the
Assailants
.
Never
was
there
perhaps
an
attacque
more
obstinate
,
nor
a
more
stout
defence
.
The
Turks
that
fought
almost
in
the
air
,
tumbl'd
every
foot
from
the
top
of
the
Rocks
either
dead
or
wounded
,
but
their
rooms
were
soon
fill'd
up
;
so
that
it
seem'd
as
if
they
had
been
still
the
same
people
,
&
that
their
blows
took
no
effect
.
Alexis
of
Tarsus
,
one
of
the
most
valiant
of
the
Turks
,
was
careful
to
supply
the
assault
with
fresh
men
.
He
commanded
that
day
in
the
place
of
the
Basha
,
who
was
detain'd
sick
in
the
Camp
;
and
his
undauntedness
gave
so
much
courage
to
the
Turks
,
that
they
fought
all
wounded
and
bloody
as
they
had
been
savage-beasts
,
enrag'd
at
the
sight
of
their
blood
,
and
no
way
concern'd
at
the
fear
of
death
.
The
Butcheries
of
the
Barbarians
rather
redoubl'd
then
abated
the
courage
of
the
Knights
;
who
fought
like
men
that
had
nothing
to
be
good
husbands
of
,
but
rather
sought
to
kill
,
then
to
defend
themselves
.
The
Grand
Master
,
who
perform'd
all
the
offices
of
a
good
Captain
,
and
a
private
Souldier
,
had
his
head-piece
struck'n
from
his
head
with
a
stone
.
But
in
regard
he
was
neither
wounded
nor
stunn'd
with
the
blow
,
he
took
a
Hat
instead
of
a
Helmet
,
and
continu'd
in
the
heat
of
the
fight
with
his
wonted
tranquility
;
however
,
he
was
hit
by
several
Arrows
that
pierc'd
his
Armour
in
several
places
.
These
accidents
caus'd
the
Knights
to
be
very
solicitous
for
their
Captain
.
And
the
Commander
,
Carretta
,
seeing
many
people
fall
about
the
Grand
Master
,
besought
him
earnestly
to
retire
.
To
whom
the
Grand
Master
smiling
,
reply'd
,
You
have
more
to
hope
for
,
then
I
to
fear
.
You
will
one
day
reap
the
fruit
of
my
pains
,
added
he
,
by
a
kind
of
Prophetical
Spirit
;
as
it
were
foretelling
the
Commander
,
that
Heaven
had
desir'd
him
to
be
one
day
Grand
Master
of
Rhodes
.
The
Vicount
of
Monteil
shar'd
with
his
Brother
in
the
travel
,
and
the
danger
;
The
artificial
Fires
,
and
Cannon-shot
that
flew
continually
from
the
Town
,
and
the
perpetual
showers
of
Musquet-bullets
,
Arrows
,
and
Stones
,
wrought
a
most
wonderful
effect
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
Fire-ships
set
fire
to
several
Galleys
,
and
the
Arillery
of
the
Garrison
so
ill
entreated
the
Galleys
that
defended
themselves
from
the
Fire-ships
,
that
the
enemies
,
after
they
had
in
a
short
time
lost
above
seven
hunder'd
of
theirs
,
were
constrain'd
to
give
way
.
Now
,
as
it
is
usual
to
run
from
one
extremity
to
another
,
and
that
nothing
is
weaker
then
a
Plunatick
,
when
the
fitt
is
over
;
these
men
,
valiant
even
to
sury
,
and
who
boasted
to
out
brave
death
,
betook
themselves
to
their
heels
with
so
much
haste
,
that
the
most
part
were
drown'd
flying
.
So
soon
as
the
Turkish
Galleys
were
rejoyn'd
to
the
rest
of
the
Fleet
that
lay
before
St.
Steven's
Mount
,
and
that
the
Tower
of
St.
Nicholas
was
in
no
more
danger
,
the
Grand
Master
enter'd
the
City
,
together
with
Knights
,
who
had
assisted
him
to
drive
out
the
enemy
.
All
the
people
receiv'd
him
as
their
Preserver
,
with
a
thousand
acclamations
,
and
throng'd
after
him
to
the
Church
of
St.
John
Baptist
,
whither
he
went
to
return
thanks
to
God
for
the
Victory
he
had
gain'd
:
not
questioning
but
that
so
much
happy
success
was
an
effect
of
divine
protection
.
The
vexation
of
the
Basha
for
the
ill
success
of
his
first
enterprise
,
did
not
take
from
him
the
hope
of
succeeding
in
a
second
.
He
was
perswaded
,
that
by
attacquing
the
City
in
the
weakest
part
,
he
should
easily
repair
the
loss
which
he
had
sustain'd
.
To
which
purpose
he
caus'd
eight
great
pieces
of
Cannon
to
be
planted
against
the
Jews
Wall
,
and
threw
up
several
Brest-works
for
the
security
of
the
Infidels
.
He
also
lodg'd
certain
pieces
of
Cannon
upon
the
point
of
land
that
enclos'd
one
of
the
little
Golphs
;
raising
that
battery
to
destroy
the
Mills
that
were
built
all
along
the
Mole
,
and
thunder
down
the
Tower
of
the
Port
directly
opposite
to
that
point
of
land
.
The
Grand
Master
slept
not
at
all
.
He
knew
that
the
Jews
Wall
could
not
long
resist
the
Turks
Cannons
,
how
thick
or
strong
soever
it
were
;
and
that
the
only
way
to
save
the
place
,
was
to
entrench
himself
behind
the
Wall
.
For
which
reason
he
caus'd
several
houses
to
be
pull'd
down
,
and
a
deep
Moat
to
be
made
,
large
enough
to
put
a
stop
to
the
Infidels
,
in
case
they
should
come
to
assault
the
Breaches
they
should
make
.
He
also
built
up
behind
the
Moat
a
thick
brick-wall
with
a
good
Terrass
of
Earth
to
sustain
it
.
They
labour'd
night
and
day
to
perfect
these
works
;
and
the
Grand
Master
himself
at
the
head
of
the
Labourers
,
was
as
active
as
any
of
the
rest
,
to
carry
Stones
and
Lime
to
advance
the
work
by
his
presence
.
Rich
and
Poor
,
Men
,
Women
,
Maids
and
Religious
people
,
forgetting
condition
or
sex
wrought
as
common
Labourers
;
the
very
Children
did
what
lay
in
their
power
,
doing
more
then
the
weakness
of
their
age
seem'd
to
permit
;
apparently
incited
by
something
supernatural
to
the
defence
of
Religion
,
and
their
Countrey
.
These
new
Fortifications
were
hardly
finish'd
,
when
the
Turks
began
their
new
Batteries
.
The
Bullets
that
flew
continually
,
and
were
of
an
extraordinary
bigness
,
astonished
the
Engineers
of
the
City
,
insomuch
that
the
German
Engineer
confess'd
that
he
never
saw
any
thing
like
them
before
.
The
Sea
shoar
resounded
with
most
dreadful
roarings
of
the
Cannon
,
the
noise
whereof
was
heard
above
forty
Leagues
from
the
Island
.
But
the
effect
was
more
terrible
then
the
noise
;
for
besides
that
those
Guns
caus'd
a
kind
of
Earthquake
when
they
went
off
,
the
Batteries
beat
down
all
the
Wall
,
and
made
most
dreadful
breaches
.
Besides
the
Mortar
pieces
,
which
the
Enemy
had
planted
round
the
City
,
threw
up
into
the
Air
Stones
of
a
vast
bigness
,
which
falling
upon
the
Tiles
of
the
Houses
,
made
their
entrance
in
,
and
kill'd
all
that
stood
in
their
way
;
and
the
horrible
Ruin
which
they
made
caus'd
a
sad
confusion
in
the
City
.
The
Inhabitants
who
could
be
no
where
safe
,
neither
in
their
Houses
nor
in
the
Streets
,
bogan
to
cry
out
and
mutter
of
surrendring
;
at
what
time
the
Grand
Master
bethought
himself
of
an
expedient
which
stifl'd
the
sedition
in
its
infancy
,
and
sav'd
the
lives
of
an
infinite
company
of
people
.
He
order'd
that
the
Women
,
Children
,
and
persons
that
were
of
no
use
,
should
all
retire
into
the
space
which
was
between
the
Houses
and
the
Ramparts
upon
the
West
side
,
all
which
spase
he
cover'd
with
a
most
substantial
roof
,
compos'd
of
good
Rafters
joyn'd
together
,
and
able
to
resist
the
weight
of
much
bigger
Stones
.
The
Turks
who
knew
not
that
the
Citizens
had
quitted
their
houses
,
directed
their
Engines
against
those
places
which
they
thought
most
inhabited
;
so
that
at
last
those
murdrous
showres
took
little
effect
.
The
Souldiers
and
the
Knights
receiv'd
but
little
harm
,
whose
Posts
were
like
Bulworks
;
no
more
then
from
the
Artillery
which
the
Turks
plaid
from
a
rising
ground
that
did
but
little
command
the
City
.
The
Basha
who
thought
to
have
reduc'd
the
City
by
the
discharge
of
his
great
pieces
,
finding
that
the
besieged
spoke
not
a
word
of
Capitulation
,
yet
not
willing
to
hazard
the
Assault
,
took
a
strange
resolution
to
put
an
end
to
the
Seige
.
He
consider'd
that
the
person
of
the
Grand
Master
was
the
main
obstacle
that
hinder'd
his
taking
the
Town
,
and
that
the
Knights
would
never
surrender
,
so
long
as
they
had
such
a
valiant
and
expert
Commander
,
so
that
he
thought
the
best
and
safest
way
was
to
make
sure
of
him
.
This
design
of
his
he
communicated
to
two
Renegado's
,
who
coming
to
the
Turks
Camp
at
the
beginning
of
the
Siege
;
had
abjur'd
the
Christian
faith
,
and
made
a
shew
of
much
zeal
for
the
Mahumetan
Sect.
The
one
was
a
Dalmatian
,
the
other
of
Albania
.
They
had
both
of
them
acquaintance
in
Rhodes
;
and
the
Albanese
,
who
was
a
crafty
and
intelligent
person
,
was
very
well
known
to
one
of
the
Secretaries
to
the
Grand
Master
,
an
Italian
,
whose
name
was
Philelpho
.
The
Renegado's
themselves
immediately
offer'd
to
do
the
business
,
either
by
stab
or
poison
.
Though
the
Execution
were
both
difficult
and
dangerous
;
but
a
wicked
man
may
do
any
thing
when
he
fears
nothing
.
At
the
time
when
the
two
Assassinates
were
preparing
to
leave
the
Camp
,
Aly
Basha
arriv'd
there
from
Constantinople
.
Mahomet
,
who
began
to
be
disturb'd
at
the
Siege
,
had
sent
him
expresly
to
advertize
Paleologus
,
that
he
would
come
himself
with
a
reinsorcement
of
a
hundred
thousand
men
,
and
fifteen
hundred
Cannon
of
a
prodigious
bigness
.
Whether
the
advice
were
true
or
false
the
Infidels
receiv'd
it
as
an
Oracle
which
assur'd
them
of
the
victory
.
For
the
very
name
of
Mahomet
fill'd
the
Camp
with
joy
,
and
inspir'd
new
heat
into
the
Souldiers
.
This
produc'd
an
effect
quite
contrary
in
the
City
.
The
Renegado's
who
got
into
the
City
one
after
another
,
that
they
might
not
seem
to
have
any
acquaintance
one
with
another
,
were
receiv'd
as
persons
ransom'd
out
of
Captivity
;
having
given
out
that
they
unfortunately
fell
into
the
hands
of
the
Barbarians
in
the
second
Sally
.
At
their
first
admittance
they
reported
,
that
Mahomet
was
coming
with
a
formidable
Army
,
and
that
all
was
lost
,
if
they
did
not
come
to
a
Capitulation
,
before
his
arrival
.
Some
of
the
Italian
Knights
who
guarded
the
post
on
that
side
,
and
questionless
were
not
the
bravest
of
their
Nation
,
were
affrighted
at
the
news
.
Some
Spanish
Knights
also
who
took
the
Alarum
upon
the
same
noise
joining
with
the
Italians
,
caball'd
together
,
and
had
private
Conferences
in
the
night
time
,
the
result
whereof
was
that
since
they
could
not
save
Rhodes
,
they
should
at
least
save
the
honour
of
the
Rhodians
,
by
making
an
advantageous
Composition
.
The
Italians
who
were
the
Captains
of
the
Cabal
,
discover'd
their
design
to
Philelpho
,
in
whom
the
Grand
Master
repos'd
a
great
trust
;
and
after
they
had
made
him
of
their
party
,
they
engag'd
him
to
represent
to
the
Grand
Master
,
the
necessity
of
yeilding
to
save
the
Island
from
the
utmost
miseries
of
War
.
Philelphus
was
a
person
of
Hononour
and
Sincerity
,
but
one
that
lov'd
his
Nation
,
and
had
too
great
an
esteem
for
his
Countrey-men
,
to
think
them
guilty
of
any
treachery
.
And
therefore
believing
that
the
Italians
meant
well
,
and
that
acting
with
the
Spaniards
,
they
could
not
take
any
wrong
or
injurious
courses
,
he
not
only
undertook
to
speak
,
but
acquitted
himself
of
his
promise
.
So
soon
as
the
Grand
Master
understood
by
his
Secretary
what
had
past
,
he
sent
for
the
most
factious
before
him
,
;
and
dissembling
at
first
his
indignation
,
he
told
them
in
somewhat
bitter
language
,
that
if
they
so
much
fear'd
Mahomet
,
they
should
do
well
to
get
out
of
the
way
:
that
he
gave
them
free
liberty
to
be
gone
;
and
that
they
should
have
Galleys
for
their
convenience
.
But
then
again
,
changing
his
tone
,
with
a
stern
countenance
,
But
if
you
will
stay
with
us
,
added
he
,
never
mention
composition
,
and
be
assur'd
,
that
if
you
continue
your
Cabals
,
I
will
hang
ye
up
every
Mothers
Son
.
These
words
pronounc'd
with
so
much
authority
,
were
like
a
thunder-stroke
to
the
guilty
.
They
acknowledg'd
their
fault
,
and
seem'd
so
asham'd
and
sorry
for
it
,
that
the
Grand
Master
thought
them
severely
enough
punish'd
;
and
thus
mixing
mildness
with
severity
,
and
contented
with
their
submissive
penitence
,
he
pardon'd
them
upon
the
spot
.
But
the
Knights
,
whom
the
goodness
of
the
Grand
Master
had
absolutely
confounded
,
adjudging
themselves
unworthy
of
pardon
after
so
unworthy
an
action
,
besought
him
not
to
pardon
their
fault
till
they
had
wash'd
it
away
with
the
blood
of
their
enemies
,
and
their
own
.
All
this
while
the
two
Traytors
laid
their
plots
,
and
sought
all
means
to
execute
their
design
;
the
Albanoise
,
who
knew
that
Philelphus
,
who
was
no
more
entrusted
with
the
knowledg
of
affairs
,
since
the
Cabal
of
the
Italians
,
fail'd
not
to
insinuate
to
him
,
that
he
had
now
nothing
more
to
hope
for
in
Rhodes
;
that
credit
with
great
men
once
lost
,
was
seldom
regain'd
.
That
usually
they
to
whom
they
had
imparted
their
secrets
,
became
hateful
when
once
suspected
:
that
the
hatred
of
those
who
could
revenge
themselves
,
unpunish'd
,
is
always
to
be
fear'd
;
and
that
the
safest
way
,
was
,
to
suffer
himself
to
be
forestall'd
.
There
needed
no
more
to
a
person
so
quick-witted
as
Philelpho
,
to
divine
what
was
aim'd
at
:
He
had
always
look'd
upon
the
Albanese
as
a
fellow
of
no
Religion
or
conscience
,
and
this
unexpected
return
did
but
augment
the
bad
opinion
which
he
had
conceiv'd
of
him
.
For
which
reason
,
he
made
no
question
but
that
this
wicked
wretch
had
been
gain'd
by
the
Infidels
,
and
that
he
was
return'd
to
Rhodes
out
of
a
design
to
do
some
mischief
:
However
,
the
better
to
inform
himself
,
he
made
semblance
of
giving
ear
to
his
arguments
,
and
withal
,
hinted
to
him
that
he
would
be
very
ready
to
prevent
his
enemies
,
provided
he
might
be
well
seconded
.
The
Assassinate
catching
at
this
bait
,
frankly
disclos'd
himself
;
he
declar'd
the
whole
business
to
Philelpho
,
and
having
shew'd
him
the
Basha's
Letter
to
hasten
the
execution
,
he
promis'd
him
as
much
as
could
tempt
the
ambition
or
interest
of
a
man
.
How
great
a
dread
soever
Philelpho
had
of
so
horrible
a
crime
,
he
consented
to
it
in
outward
appearance
.
But
so
soon
as
he
had
taken
his
leave
of
him
,
he
went
and
gave
the
Grand
Master
an
account
of
what
he
had
understood
.
Immediately
the
Albanese
was
seiz'd
upon
,
who
was
already
applauding
himself
for
the
success
of
his
enterprise
.
He
deny'd
all
at
first
with
that
boldness
and
,
confidence
which
is
usual
with
Criminals
.
But
soon
after
he
confest
all
,
touch'd
either
with
remorse
of
conscience
,
or
forc'd
by
the
violence
▪
of
his
torments
.
The
Dalmatian
,
who
was
introduc'd
into
the
Grand
Master's
Palace
by
another
means
,
and
who
had
already
corrupted
one
of
the
Officers
of
his
Kitchen
,
was
at
the
same
time
apprehended
upon
the
confession
of
the
Albanese
.
They
were
both
executed
at
a
time
,
and
by
the
people
cut
in
pieces
,
in
abomination
of
the
crime
.
Thus
the
Conspiracy
fell
upon
the
head
of
the
Conspirators
,
by
a
secret
conduct
of
Divine
Justice
,
which
oftentimes
makes
use
of
the
same
means
to
destroy
the
guilty
,
which
they
take
to
ensnare
the
innocent
.
Philelpho
was
receiv'd
into
the
favour
of
the
Grand
Master
,
and
found
by
experience
,
that
Fidelity
contributes
more
then
Treason
,
to
the
advancement
of
men
.
Paleologus
understanding
the
ill
success
of
his
plot
,
laid
aside
all
other
thoughts
,
but
of
carrying
by
force
what
he
could
not
win
by
treachery
.
To
that
purpose
he
began
to
raise
a
plat-form
,
upon
that
side
where
the
besieged
had
made
their
intrenchments
.
But
so
soon
as
the
Grand
Master
discover'd
what
the
Basha
intended
,
he
commanded
fifty
men
of
the
French
and
Italian
Languages
to
fight
the
Labourers
,
and
overturn
the
work
in
the
night-time
.
The
party
commanded
descended
into
the
Moat
through
the
casemates
so
privately
in
the
night
,
and
gain'd
the
upper-ground
so
privately
with
their
ladders
,
that
the
Turks
never
perceiv'd
them
till
they
were
just
upon
them
.
Which
put
the
Infidels
into
such
disorder
,
that
they
presently
fled
;
the
most
part
saving
themselves
by
flight
.
The
mutinous
Italians
,
who
were
of
the
number
of
the
fifty
,
and
sought
nothing
more
then
to
repair
their
honour
,
were
the
most
forward
to
pursue
them
that
fled
;
of
which
they
kill'd
ten
with
their
own
hands
,
and
returning
,
demolish'd
the
work
,
and
nail'd
their
Cannon
.
The
Basha
was
surpriz'd
at
so
resolute
an
action
:
and
being
inform'd
that
they
were
the
French
and
Italians
who
had
perform'd
it
,
he
could
not
forbear
saying
,
that
he
had
to
do
with
people
that
inherited
the
courage
of
Caesar
and
Charlemain
.
So
much
does
true
valour
charm
ev'n
enemies
themselves
,
how
barbarous
soever
.
The
Grand
Master
did
not
think
it
enough
to
applaud
the
Victors
,
but
gave
them
rewards
:
And
to
testify
to
the
Italians
,
that
he
had
no
more
ill
thoughts
of
them
;
he
exprest
himself
publickly
,
that
they
were
persons
of
Honour
,
and
had
kept
their
word
.
The
bad
success
which
the
Turks
had
upon
this
encounter
,
made
them
give
over
all
thoughts
of
attacquing
the
City
upon
the
Italian
Post
:
And
therefore
they
resum'd
their
old
design
,
and
bent
all
their
force
against
the
Tower
of
St.
Nicholas
.
Not
only
because
that
being
almost
ruin'd
they
thought
it
might
be
the
more
easily
tak'n
,
but
because
they
imagin
that
there
lay
the
decision
of
the
Victory
.
To
that
effect
,
the
General
of
the
Barbarians
undertook
to
build
a
Woodd'n-Bridg
that
would
hold
six
men
a
brest
,
which
should
reach
from
the
Church
of
St.
Antony
to
the
foot
of
the
Tower
.
They
wrought
without
ceasing
in
the
presence
of
the
Basha
,
who
assisted
at
the
work
himself
.
So
soon
as
the
Bridg
was
finish'd
,
a
Turk
having
in
the
night
secretly
fasten'd
an
Anchor
to
the
Rock
of
the
Tower
it self
with
a
chain
of
Iron
,
thrust
a
Cable
through
the
ring
of
the
Anchor
,
to
which
the
end
of
the
Bridg
was
link'd
;
so
,
by
drawing
the
Cable
by
strength
of
arm
,
the
Bridg
,
by
degrees
,
might
be
hal'd
to
the
very
point
of
the
Mole
of
St.
Nicholas
.
But
the
cunning
of
the
Turks
could
not
deceive
the
vigilance
of
the
Rhodians
.
An
English
Marener
,
whose
name
was
Roger
,
a
bold
and
daring
fellow
,
who
discover'd
what
had
past
,
threw
himself
into
the
Sea
,
when
the
Turk
was
retir'd
;
and
when
he
had
cunningly
unfasten'd
the
Anchor
,
he
left
the
chain
upon
the
Rock
,
as
if
it
had
still
held
:
for
which
,
the
Grand
Master
immediately
gave
him
two
hunder'd
Crowns
in
Gold
.
When
the
Turks
began
to
draw
the
Cable
,
to
move
the
Bridg
forward
,
they
soon
perceiv'd
that
their
stratagem
was
discover'd
,
and
that
the
Rhodians
were
more
subtil
then
they
,
though
they
were
not
altogether
dishearten'd
.
For
Paleologus
,
who
manag'd
the
enterprize
himself
,
and
had
a
wit
fertil
for
invention
,
sent
for
a
great
number
of
Barques
to
bear
the
Bridg
upon
the
water
,
and
to
transport
it
insensibly
to
the
Mole
,
as
the
Barques
mov'd
forwards
.
In
the
mean
time
he
order'd
,
as
well
to
attaque
the
Tower
,
as
batter
the
Vessels
that
lay
in
the
Port
,
thirty
Galleys
,
besides
several
light
Vessels
,
wherein
he
had
put
the
choicest
men
in
his
Army
,
and
who
were
to
begin
the
assault
,
while
the
Souldiers
landed
.
The
Grand
Master
omitted
nothing
that
lay
in
his
power
.
He
set
a
thousand
Pioneers
at
work
,
who
labour'd
day
and
night
in
cutting
the
Rock
,
to
make
the
Moat
wider
,
and
deeper
.
After
he
had
reinforc'd
the
Garrison
with
such
Forces
as
the
Escalle
had
brought
from
Verona
at
the
beginning
of
the
Siege
,
he
posted
at
the
foot
of
the
Mole
a
Squadron
of
Spanish
and
German
Knights
,
to
be
succour'd
from
thence
as
occasion
requir'd
.
But
as
he
had
reason
to
suspect
lest
one
part
of
the
enemy
should
attacque
the
City
,
while
the
other
assaulted
St.
Nicholas's
Fort
,
and
that
the
Jews
Wall
would
be
the
place
,
where
their
Cannon
had
already
made
several
breaches
;
he
sent
thither
a
good
number
of
Souldiers
under
the
Conduct
of
the
Knights
de
Northolon
,
with
order
,
not
to
sally
without
express
command
.
After
that
he
prescrib'd
to
every
one
his
particular
duty
in
the
Fort
,
yet
doing
nothing
without
mature
deliberation
and
counsel
.
For
he
heard
advice
with
calmness
,
and
a
quick
apprehension
,
being
perswaded
that
the
most
judicious
do
not
see
every
thing
,
and
that
the
wisest
often
mistake
,
when
too
much
wedded
to
their
own
judgment
.
That
courtesy
and
affability
which
he
shew'd
to
all
the
World
,
allow'd
not
only
to
the
Knights
,
but
also
to
the
meanest
Souldiers
the
liberty
of
speaking
their
thoughts
upon
all
occasions
that
presented
themselves
.
He
took
delight
to
hear
them
,
and
sometimes
he
found
in
the
discourse
of
a
simple
Souldier
such
expedients
and
stratagems
which
perhaps
he
might
not
have
thought
of
.
Yet
with
all
this
lenity
he
was
severe
enough
,
when
it
behov'd
him
so
to
be
.
For
two
Souldiers
of
the
Garrison
of
the
Fort
,
having
resolv'd
to
run
away
to
the
Turks
,
threw
a
great
quantity
of
Arms
and
Ammunition
into
the
Sea
.
They
were
taken
in
the
act
,
and
asham'd
of
themselves
when
they
were
discover'd
.
They
also
crav'd
pardon
of
the
Grand
Master
,
and
threw
themselves
at
his
feet
,
very
penitent
for
what
they
had
done
.
But
notwithstanding
all
their
prayers
and
entreaties
,
and
all
their
penitence
,
he
caus'd
them
to
be
hang'd
out
at
the
windows
of
the
Tower
,
and
their
bodies
to
be
cast
into
the
Sea
.
The
enemy
was
so
much
perplex'd
that
he
had
attacqu'd
the
Tower
in
the
open
day
,
that
he
resolv'd
not
to
attacque
it
any
more
but
by
night
.
They
also
made
their
approaches
very
silently
,
contrary
to
their
customs
.
But
having
gain'd
the
Mole
,
and
being
landed
,
they
presently
open'd
their
throats
.
The
choice
party
of
the
Turks
assail'd
the
Tower
where
it
was
most
ruin'd
,
making
a
most
hideous
noise
,
which
was
follow'd
with
the
sound
of
Trumpets
and
other
Warlike
Instruments
.
The
Christians
,
who
were
all
upon
their
Guards
,
and
expected
their
enemies
with
an
undaunted
resolution
,
vigorously
sustain'd
the
Shock
.
They
fought
on
both
sides
with
an
equal
ardor
,
without
any
other
light
,
then
that
of
the
Granado's
and
Fire-pots
,
that
flew
continually
from
side
to
side
;
so
that
there
was
a
great
slaughter
in
a
short
time
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Galleys
being
come
up
close
to
the
Rock
,
and
the
Wood'n
bridg
being
fix'd
to
the
point
of
the
Rock
,
by
the
assistance
of
the
Barks
,
a
multitude
almost
innumerable
of
the
Turks
gave
the
assault
on
that
sight
where
the
Gross
of
the
Wall
was
fall'n
down
.
The
discharges
that
were
made
so
thick
upon
them
,
brake
their
first
effort
,
and
threw
headlong
a
good
number
of
them
that
were
already
got
up
.
The
rest
were
repuls'd
by
the
Knights
that
defended
that
part
;
and
there
it
was
to
be
seen
,
how
sometimes
valour
might
prevail
against
number
.
The
Grand
Master
who
was
every
where
,
encourag'd
the
Knights
,
and
confidently
assur'd
them
of
victory
provided
they
themselves
would
but
do
their
best
to
overcome
.
While
the
heat
of
the
Combat
encreas'd
,
the
Batteries
which
the
Grand
Master
had
planted
against
the
bridg
▪
took
that
effect
as
was
expected
.
For
the
Bridg
was
cut
in
pieces
at
the
same
time
when
a
reinforcement
of
Souldiers
was
upon
it
;
who
all
perish'd
miserably
,
being
neither
to
be
reliev'd
by
the
Barks
,
nor
able
to
save
themselves
by
swimming
,
under
a
Shower
of
Stones
and
Arrows
that
follow'd
the
discharges
of
the
Artillery
.
The
Enemies
Galleys
ceas'd
not
to
batter
the
Tower
of
St.
Nicholas
,
and
to
tire
the
Knights
.
But
they
resum'd
new
vigour
when
they
perceiv'd
that
the
Bridg
was
broken
,
and
that
the
Assailents
could
no
longer
be
that
way
reliev'd
,
and
that
which
more
encreas'd
their
resolution
was
,
that
the
Artillery
of
the
Tower
had
sunk
four
Galleys
with
several
Ships
of
War
;
and
that
the
Fire-Ships
sent
against
the
rest
,
had
dismay'd
and
disorder'd
the
whole
Fleet.
This
However
did
not
hinder
the
Infidels
from
being
obstinate
in
their
assault
;
for
despair
sometimes
instead
of
abating
,
raises
courage
.
Both
sides
fell
on
again
without
remorse
,
and
the
Combat
which
had
already
dilasted
three
hours
,
began
again
with
more
violence
then
ever
.
The
day
which
soon
after
appear'd
did
but
serve
to
irretate
the
Combatants
,
while
it
discover'd
the
Massacre
in
the
Night
.
The
sight
of
so
many
Bodies
stretch'd
upon
the
Earth
,
or
floting
upon
the
Sea
,
with
the
ruines
of
the
Bridg
and
Gallies
incited
the
Infidels
to
repair
their
Honour
,
and
the
Christians
to
maintain
their
advantages
.
Both
sides
perform'd
as
much
as
men
of
Bravery
could
act
upon
such
occasions
;
the
loss
was
great
upon
the
Turks
side
,
and
their
most
considerable
Commanders
lay
dead
upon
the
place
;
among
the
rest
,
Mahomets
Son-in-law
,
a
young
Prince
,
very
valiant
and
very
dear
to
the
Grand
Signior
.
He
stood
a
long
time
firm
upon
the
ruins
of
the
Tower
,
and
kill'd
severalKnights
with
his
own
hand
,
fortifying
himself
with
heaps
of
dead
bodies
.
But
having
receiv'd
several
wounds
,
he
fell
as
he
was
making
a
blow
with
his
Scimitar
,
and
expir'd
in
a
moment
after
.
The
death
of
Ibrahim
allay'd
the
heat
of
the
Barbarians
;
they
gave
ground
,
mauger
all
the
resolution
of
their
Geneneral
,
who
exhorted
them
to
revenge
the
death
of
the
Grand
Signior
,
and
with
his
own
hand
kill'd
some
of
those
that
recoil'd
.
But
the
Knights
repell'd
,
and
forc'd
them
at
length
to
retire
.
This
dishonourable
retreat
put
Paleologus
into
a
profound
fit
of
sadness
.
When
he
was
return'd
to
his
Camp
,
he
shut
him self
up
,
and
there
kept
himself
three
whole
days
together
without
giving
audience
to
any
person
;
either
to
conceal
his
grief
,
or
to
meditate
at
leisure
what
farther
course
to
take
.
Now
in
regard
the
Turks
had
lost
above
two
thousand
five
hundred
men
in
these
assaults
;
because
the
dead
bodies
,
which
either
cover'd
the
Earth
,
or
else
were
wash'd
upon
the
Shoar
by
the
Sea
,
were
enough
to
corrupt
the
Air
,
the
Grand
Master
caus'd
all
the
shoar
to
be
cleans'd
,
with
a
particular
care
of
his
own
Souldiers
.
And
after
he
had
caus'd
the
Bodies
to
be
enterr'd
with
all
the
honour
that
the
present
state
of
affairs
would
permit
.
He
himself
look'd
after
the
dressing
of
the
Wounded
;
he
visited
them
every
foot
,
and
distributed
among
them
with
his
own
hands
the
rich
spoils
of
the
slain
.
And
indeed
the
lying
still
of
the
Enemy
,
while
their
General
lock'd
himself
up
,
gave
the
Grand
Master
leisure
to
attend
these
particular
duties
of
a
Great
Commander
.
At
length
the
Basha
appear'd
abroad
,
and
forgetting
in
some
measure
the
dishonour
which
had
occasion'd
his
recess
,
he
resum'd
his
usual
heat
and
fury
.
However
he
laid
aside
all
thonghts
of
attempting
any
thing
upon
St.
Nicholas
Tower
,
which
now
he
began
to
think
impregnable
,
bending
his
whole
design
to
reduce
the
City
,
by
dividing
the
Forces
of
the
besieged
,
believing
he
should
accomplish
his
work
,
by
assayling
it
in
several
quarters
at
once
.
He
perswaded
himself
,
that
when
the
Walls
should
be
ruin'd
in
other
places
,
as
they
were
in
the
Jews
quarter
,
and
the
Italian
Post
,
that
by
a
general
assault
,
he
should
not
fail
to
enter
the
place
;
and
that
the
besieged
would
be
constrain'd
to
surrender
,
when
they
were
no
longer
able
to
resist
.
Moreover
he
made
no
question
,
but
that
the
German
Engineer
,
upon
whom
he
still
depended
,
would
at
length
find
a
way
to
serve
him
,
wherein
lay
the
chiefest
of
his
hopes
.
Thereupon
by
his
order
,
the
best
Pieces
of
Artillery
were
planted
round
about
the
City
;
and
while
they
thunder'd
upon
the
Walls
,
the
Turks
,
animated
by
the
presence
of
their
General
,
on
the
one
side
set
themselves
to
undermine
their
way
through
the
Earth
,
to
make
themselves
Trenches
cover'd
with
Planks
and
Bavins
to
bring
their
men
securely
into
the
Moat
.
Then
they
rais'd
Plat-forms
,
supported
with
Hurdles
and
Boughs
of
Trees
and
pallisado'd
round
,
upon
which
they
planted
Culverins
and
other
small
shot
equal
with
the
Walls
and
Bastions
of
the
City
,
which
fire
without
ceasing
.
But
in
regard
they
design'd
to
give
the
assault
principally
upon
the
Jews
Wall
,
where
the
Batteries
had
done
most
mischeif
,
after
they
got
into
the
Moat
by
such
passages
as
they
had
min'd
under
ground
,
they
endeavour'd
,
by
means
of
the
noise
and
smoak
which
hinder'd
the
besieged
from
hearing
or
seeing
them
,
to
fill
up
the
Moat
with
the
Rubbish
which
the
Cannon
had
loosen'd
from
the
Wall
,
which
being
thrown
together
by
hazard
,
made
a
kind
of
a
slope
ascent
.
In
this
they
labour'd
with
so
much
vigor
and
success
,
that
notwithstanding
all
the
firing
from
the
City
,
that
in
a
short
time
the
Moat
was
fill'd
up
almost
as
high
as
the
Ravelin
or
Bastion
of
the
Jews
,
so
that
they
might
easily
get
up
to
the
Wall
.
The
Grand
Master
,
who
husbanded
his
men
against
the
Assault
,
finding
that
the
principal
Batteries
of
the
City
did
little
good
,
and
that
the
Enemies
advanc'd
every
day
without
receiving
any
great
dammage
,
caus'd
an
extraordinary
Engine
to
play
,
which
was
made
to
cast
Stones
of
great
weight
at
a
great
distance
▪
which
Engine
was
call'd
the
Tribute
,
because
it
was
made
in
the
time
that
Mahomet
demanded
a
Tribute
from
the
Knights
.
This
Engine
plac'd
just
opposite
to
the
Turks
place
of
working
wrought
wonderful
effects
.
For
the
huge
pieces
of
Marble
which
it
threw
with
an
unspeakable
violence
,
not
only
cruish'd
to
pieces
the
Work-men
upon
the
Terrasses
,
but
in
several
places
broke
into
their
Mines
,
and
their
cover'd
Trenches
,
so
that
an
infinite
number
of
Turks
were
stifl'd
in
the
Earth
,
and
buried
in
the
Ruins
of
their
own
works
.
The
Rhodians
shouted
every
time
the
Engin
play'd
,
and
when
they
saw
the
Stones
fly
,
they
cry'd
,
that
was
Mahomet's
Tribute
.
The
Grand
Master
took
the
cheerfulness
of
his
Souldiers
,
for
a
good
Omen
.
And
though
he
were
not
a
little
troubl'd
at
the
last
advance
of
the
Enemy
,
yet
by
his
familiarity
with
the
Souldiery
,
he
engag'd
them
to
cleanse
the
Moat
which
the
Turk
had
fill'd
up
,
and
to
mine
a
way
under
the
Walls
to
get
in
,
that
they
might
not
expose
themselves
to
the
Shot
of
the
Enemy
.
The
Souldiers
in
that
good
humour
cheerfully
obey'd
the
Grand
Master
;
they
min'd
a
hole
into
the
Moat
,
and
by
degrees
drew
in
all
the
Stones
into
the
City
,
together
with
the
other
Rubbish
that
had
fill'd
up
the
Moat
;
the
Grand
Master
being
present
all
this
while
to
encourage
the
Labourers
.
And
finding
that
part
of
the
Jews
Walls
where
the
Enemies
Cannon
had
plaid
hottest
,
was
ready
to
fall
,
he
terrass'd
it
with
all
speed
,
and
rais'd
a
new
Wall
to
support
the
Earth
which
was
not
well
settl'd
.
To
this
part
the
Grand
Master
order'd
great
Fats
of
Flint
Stones
,
and
old
pieces
of
Iron
,
Sacks
of
Sulphur
,
and
Powder
,
Caldrons
of
boiling
Oil
,
and
whatever
was
proper
to
stop
the
fury
of
the
Turks
when
they
gave
the
assault
.
But
besides
all
this
,
he
was
desirous
to
know
of
the
German
Engineer
,
what
other
Invention
he
could
think
of
to
repel
the
Enemy
,
or
what
new
work
was
to
be
rais'd
should
they
force
the
Defences
which
were
already
rais'd
.
The
German
seem'd
surpriz'd
to
hear
himself
ask'd
so
many
questions
,
and
coldly
answer'd
,
that
he
would
consider
of
it
,
and
that
for
the
security
of
the
place
,
it
was
requisite
he
should
make
use
of
all
the
Secrets
of
his
Art
.
But
as
he
was
already
suspected
,
and
for
that
a
Battery
which
he
had
already
rais'd
in
the
presence
of
the
Grand
Master
,
had
tak'n
no
effect
,
suspitions
began
to
arise
that
he
did
not
act
Cordially
.
But
that
which
more
encreas'd
those
mistrusts
was
,
that
,
the
Turks
us'd
several
designs
to
discredit
him
in
the
City
.
They
shot
in
Arrows
with
Letters
fix'd
to
them
,
where
▪
in
they
wrote
that
the
German
Engineer
was
a
person
not
to
be
trusted
▪
that
he
was
a
Villain
,
full
of
ill
designs
,
believing
that
the
hatred
which
they
testifi'd
against
him
would
make
him
the
more
credited
by
the
Rhodians
.
The
Grand
Master
not
questioning
but
that
the
advice
was
as
true
,
as
the
intention
of
the
Turks
was
that
it
should
be
accounted
false
,
deliver'd
him
up
to
the
hands
of
Justice
.
At
length
,
as
conscience
often
urgeth
Criminals
to
speak
against
themselves
,
he
confess'd
all
;
he
declar'd
that
he
came
not
into
Rhodes
,
but
to
endeavour
how
he
might
deliver
the
Town
up
to
the
Infidels
;
that
he
came
,
by
the
express
order
of
Mahomet
,
to
observe
the
condition
and
estate
of
the
City
,
and
to
return
to
him
with
a
full
account
thereof
,
in
case
the
Turkish
Army
should
be
forc'd
to
raise
the
Siego
:
He
added
,
that
this
had
not
been
the
first
City
which
he
had
betray'd
in
this
manner
,
and
that
his
conscience
accus'd
him
for
the
murther
of
an
infinite
number
of
Christians
.
These
confessions
were
enough
for
his
condemnation
,
without
any
other
evidence
,
so
that
he
was
hang'd
in
the
publick
Market
place
of
the
City
.
This
execution
was
soon
spread
in
the
Camp
of
the
Turks
;
for
the
Grand
Master
inform'd
them
himself
by
Arrows
shot
over
the
Wall
,
after
their
example
.
Which
he
did
,
the
rather
to
let
them
understand
how
ill
success
their
Spies
had
at
Rhodes
,
and
that
he
had
follow'd
the
Turks
advice
.
It
is
not
to
be
believ'd
how
extremely
the
Basha
was
afflicted
for
the
death
of
this
Traytor
.
He
had
almost
no
other
hopes
left
but
in
him
since
his
last
misfortune
;
for
he
was
half
assur'd
,
that
the
intreagues
of
a
wit
so
crafty
as
his
,
could
not
fail
him
at
last
.
However
,
he
would
not
suffer
himself
to
be
altogether
dishearten'd
,
though
before
he
resolv'd
upon
a
general
assault
,
he
was
resolv'd
to
try
the
most
gentle
means
he
could
.
To
this
purpose
,
after
he
had
shot
in
several
Letters
into
the
City
,
aggravating
,
and
extolling
the
power
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
;
he
advertiz'd
the
people
,
that
the
Grand
Signior
intended
no
ill
to
the
Rhodians
;
that
he
had
only
made
the
War
to
deliver
them
from
an
unjust
and
tyrannical
Government
;
that
being
Greeks
,
they
ought
naturally
to
obey
the
Emperor
of
the
Rhodians
,
and
that
they
would
never
be
at
quiet
so
long
as
they
continu'd
enemies
to
the
Ottoman
Court
.
He
promis'd
them
,
if
they
would
surrender
,
not
only
their
lives
and
liberties
,
but
also
all
sorts
of
Immunities
and
Honours
.
At
length
he
declar'd
to
them
,
that
if
they
refus'd
such
advantageous
proffers
,
they
must
expect
to
be
all
put
to
the
Sword
.
That
the
Invincible
Mahomet
was
resolv'd
to
drain
his
Empire
of
all
its
Forces
,
to
take
Rhodes
;
that
he
was
marching
thither
with
all
speed
;
and
that
there
would
be
no
capitulations
thought
of
when
his
Highness
arriv'd
.
This
Letter
wrought
no
impression
upon
their
resolutions
.
The
wiser
sort
laugh'd
at
them
;
the
meanest
capacities
took
them
only
for
pieces
of
craft
and
falsity
.
They
all
contemn'd
and
scorn'd
the
change
which
he
propos'd
;
and
so
far
they
were
from
dreaming
of
a
submission
to
the
Grand
Signior
,
that
they
made
new
protestations
of
fidelity
to
the
Grand
Master
:
So
that
nothing
more
contributed
to
retain
the
Prince
in
their
obedience
,
and
to
redouble
their
affection
to
their
lawful
Prince
,
then
the
subtilty
which
was
us'd
to
corrupt
and
gain
them
to
a
revolt
.
The
Basha
finding
no
effect
of
his
Letters
,
to
which
they
would
not
so
much
as
vouchsafe
an
answer
,
took
another
way
to
obtain
an
answer
.
A
runagate
Greek
presented
himself
that
night
,
by
his
order
,
before
the
Walls
of
the
City
;
and
calling
to
the
Centinels
with
a
loud
voice
,
he
told
the
Knights
that
appear'd
,
that
the
General
of
the
Ottoman
Army
was
desirous
to
send
an
Embassador
to
the
Ottoman
Army
,
provided
he
might
have
the
liberty
to
go
and
come
with
safety
.
Answer
was
return'd
to
the
Renegado
,
that
the
law
of
Nations
was
inviolably
observ'd
at
Rhodes
▪
that
the
Embassadors
had
no
reason
to
fear
any
thing
,
and
that
he
might
come
to
the
Jews
Moat
;
and
that
he
should
find
in
the
Bulwark
of
the
Tower
,
a
Knight
,
that
should
return
him
an
answer
in
the
name
of
the
Grand
Master
.
An
ancient
Bey
,
whose
name
was
Solyman
,
appear'd
the
next
morning
just
against
the
Bulwark
.
He
was
a
prudent
man
,
and
besides
his
experience
,
had
excellent
natural
parts
.
After
he
had
civilly
saluted
the
Knight
,
who
was
deputed
by
the
Grand
Master
to
give
him
audience
,
he
began
to
tell
him
,
that
the
Basha
,
Paleologus
,
wonder'd
,
that
being
so
much
straiten'd
,
and
not
receiving
any
relief
,
they
should
still
so
obstinately
defend
themselves
.
He
added
,
that
for
his
part
,
he
wonder'd
that
persons
so
wise
as
they
,
should
so
pertinaciously
seek
their
own
ruine
.
That
they
ought
to
remember
Constantinople
,
Trebisond
,
Negropont
,
Metelin
,
and
others
,
far
stronger
places
then
Rhodes
,
which
could
not
hold
out
against
Mahomet
▪
that
Prudence
ought
to
regulate
Valour
:
and
that
it
was
a
folly
to
pretend
to
resist
the
Conqueror
of
two
Empires
,
twelve
Kingdoms
,
and
three
hunder'd
Cities
.
True
it
was
,
that
it
was
an
honour
for
him
to
defend
his
Countrey
;
but
that
it
was
better
for
him
to
preserve
it
entire
,
by
submitting
to
the
stranger
,
then
to
ruine
himself
out
of
a
blind
and
unadvised
ingenuity
;
and
therefore
it
was
but
common
prudence
for
him
to
agree
with
Mahomet
:
That
his
Favourite
,
Misach
Paleologus
,
offer'd
to
manage
the
accommodation
himself
,
and
so
to
order
it
,
that
they
should
have
no
reason
to
complain
;
and
lastly
,
that
it
was
the
only
means
to
save
their
Reputation
and
Estates
.
He
concluded
his
Harang
in
a
lively
and
perswasive
manner
,
conjuring
him
to
have
pitty
upon
the
people
,
and
not
to
be
the
causes
of
the
massacre
of
so
many
poor
creatures
,
the
dishonour
of
their
Daughters
and
Wives
,
and
the
succage
of
the
whole
Island
.
The
Grand
Master
being
inform'd
of
Solyman's
propositions
,
did
no
less
wonder
at
the
Basha's
Embassador
,
then
the
Basha
wonder'd
at
their
refistance
.
That
they
could
not
apprehend
that
he
had
any
compassion
or
tenderness
for
them
,
which
he
endeavour'd
to
destroy
by
all
means
imaginable
.
That
Peace
was
not
treated
on
with
sword
and
poison
;
and
that
the
treasons
discover'd
,
made
them
suspicious
of
new
ones
:
That
they
very
well
remember'd
that
Trebisond
,
Constantinople
,
Negropont
,
and
so
many
other
Towns
,
could
not
resist
the
power
of
Mahomet
;
but
they
remember'd
as
well
,
that
he
was
a
Conqueror
that
seldom
kept
his
word
;
and
that
contrary
to
the
publick
Faith
given
,
he
had
put
to
death
David
Commenius
,
with
all
his
children
,
not
to
speak
of
the
Princes
of
Bosnia
and
Metelin
.
The
Knight
,
who
spoke
in
the
name
of
the
Grand
Master
,
added
haughtily
,
that
the
Soldan
of
Egypt
and
Babilon
,
no
less
potent
then
the
Emperor
of
the
Turks
,
had
often
attempted
Rhodes
,
without
getting
any
thing
but
shame
;
that
the
Rhodians
hop'd
that
their
entrenchments
would
prove
the
tombs
of
the
Ottoman
Army
;
and
that
they
would
rather
perish
in
the
ruines
of
their
own
Countrey
then
,
then
deliver
it
up
to
the
enemies
of
the
Christian
Faith
.
And
lastly
,
that
neither
the
threats
nor
promises
of
Mahomet
were
sufficient
to
force
them
to
any
thing
which
might
either
be
against
their
profession
,
or
blast
their
honour
.
After
this
,
the
Knight
added
,
that
when
the
Army
of
the
Infidels
was
return'd
to
Constantinople
,
the
Emperor
might
send
an
Embassador
to
Rhodes
,
and
that
then
the
Grand
Master
would
consider
what
was
most
honourable
and
advantageous
for
the
Order
;
but
that
so
long
as
such
an
Army
remain'd
about
the
City
,
he
could
not
heark'n
to
Peace
.
That
the
Ottoman
Trroops
might
do
like
declar'd
Enemies
,
but
that
for
his
part
,
he
hop'd
by
the
assistance
of
Heaven
to
let
his
General
know
that
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
were
not
so
soon
conquer'd
as
other
Nations
.
This
generous
and
haughty
answer
quite
disappointed
all
the
Basha's
designs
.
Shame
,
Honour
,
Despair
,
Fury
rais'd
in
his
Soul
those
Opposite
motions
,
as
almost
put
him
besides
himself
.
Fury
at
length
got
the
upper
hand
,
and
the
Barbarian
abandoning
himself
to
all
the
thoughts
that
rage
could
inspire
,
after
he
had
excited
his
Souldiers
to
punish
the
pride
of
those
that
brav'd
the
soveraign
power
of
the
Ottomans
,
he
commanded
all
the
Engines
to
be
set
at
work
,
and
that
they
should
batter
the
City
night
and
day
without
ceasing
.
Never
were
orders
better
executed
;
for
the
Turks
enliven'd
by
the
fury
of
the
Basha
,
and
transported
at
the
same
time
with
a
desire
of
Victory
and
revenge
,
in
a
small
time
made
above
three
thousand
five
hundred
Shot
,
which
brought
the
Towers
and
Walls
almost
down
to
the
Ground
.
Yet
neither
did
this
affright
the
Rhodians
.
For
the
Grand
Master
went
up
and
down
to
hearten
the
Inhabitants
and
encourage
the
Souldiers
.
His
confidence
in
God
increas'd
his
natural
Constancy
,
and
spread
in
his
Countenance
a
serene
Air
,
which
prov'd
a
happy
success
.
When
he
thought
the
Enemy
was
ready
to
give
the
assault
,
he
plac'd
at
the
most
dangerous
place
,
strong
Squadrons
of
Cavalry
,
under
the
most
skilful
Commanders
which
he
chose
himself
.
He
retain'd
near
his
own
person
,
the
French
Gentlemen
who
had
follow'd
the
Count
of
Monteil
to
Rhodes
;
and
plac'd
himself
with
them
near
the
Jews
quarter
;
from
whence
he
might
relieve
all
parts
as
need
requir'd
.
But
because
he
repos'd
all
his
hopes
in
the
protection
of
Heaven
,
he
first
went
and
prostrated
himself
at
the
feet
of
the
Altars
recommending
to
God
the
safety
of
Rhodes
,
and
commanding
prayers
to
be
continually
said
in
all
the
Churches
of
the
City
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Basha
encourag'd
by
the
Havock
which
his
Artillery
had
made
,
after
he
had
flatter'd
his
men
with
their
Martial
vertue
,
and
had
perswaded
them
that
they
had
nothing
more
now
to
take
then
Ruines
without
defence
,
he
openly
declar'd
to
them
that
they
should
freely
have
the
pillage
of
the
Town
.
He
commanded
them
to
put
all
to
the
Sword
,
except
the
young
Infants
,
whom
he
permitted
them
to
preserve
either
for
their
own
benefit
,
or
the
Grand
Signiors
Militia
.
He
ordain'd
also
that
all
the
men
that
should
escape
the
Sword
of
the
Mussel
men
,
should
be
empal'd
,
to
which
purpose
he
set
upright
a
thousand
Stakes
in
the
Field
.
The
Turks
reviv'd
anew
by
this
apparent
facility
of
the
enterprize
,
and
the
hope
of
plunder
,
with
impatience
expected
the
hour
of
assault
with
their
Arms
in
their
hands
,
and
Chains
about
their
wasts
,
to
bind
those
that
they
should
not
kill
.
Nor
could
the
Basha
hardly
retain
them
one
day
more
,
that
he
shot
continually
at
the
Town
to
level
the
Fortifications
of
the
Besieged
.
At
length
the
27th
of
July
,
he
gave
the
signal
just
at
break
of
day
,
by
the
shooting
of
a
Mortar
piece
.
Immediately
the
Ottoman
Army
ran
furiously
on
,
invoking
the
name
of
their
false
Prophet
,
and
assail'd
the
City
on
every
side
with
most
dreadful
shouts
and
yells
,
that
made
all
the
Sea-shoar
,
and
all
the
Hills
to
ring
again
.
Nevertheless
the
main
onset
was
giv'n
to
the
Jews
Wall
,
where
the
Ruines
,
which
had
fill'd
up
the
Ditch
again
,
made
the
way
easy
.
Then
an
innumerable
multitude
mounted
the
Walls
,
and
fell
on
with
that
fury
,
that
the
Christians
who
kept
the
Walls
,
were
quite
overlaid
with
number
,
and
almost
all
slain
.
The
Turks
puft
up
with
this
success
,
drove
back
the
rest
,
and
set
up
seven
of
their
colours
upon
the
walls
,
before
the
Christians
could
get
up
upon
a
slope
,
made
with
the
Ruins
of
the
Wall
on
their
side
.
The
Knights
and
Souldiers
that
first
ascended
fell
upon
the
Turks
with
such
a
fury
that
they
forc'd
them
to
retire
.
But
the
Turks
being
presently
reinforc'd
,
both
parties
disputed
a
long
time
for
the
Wall
;
they
on
both
sides
with
great
heat
and
courage
.
But
when
the
Combat
grew
hot
,
and
that
the
victory
seem'd
to
encline
to
the
Infidels
,
the
Count
of
Monteil
came
into
the
assistance
of
the
Christians
;
but
notwithstanding
all
the
effects
of
their
valour
,
they
could
not
drive
back
their
Enemies
,
whom
the
presence
of
the
Basha
made
undaunted
,
and
not
being
able
to
withstand
so
great
a
number
as
fell
upon
them
.
In
the
mean
time
the
report
which
was
spread
that
the
Enemy
had
carry'd
the
Jews
Quarter
,
struck
terror
and
confusion
every
where
.
But
so
soon
as
the
Grand
Master
saw
this
beginning
of
a
Rout
,
with
a
half
pike
in
his
hand
,
he
mounted
the
Wall
,
having
already
kill'd
some
that
were
got
down
,
and
considering
that
the
loss
of
all
depended
upon
this
post
,
he
resolv'd
to
hazard
all
,
or
regain
it
.
The
old
Commanders
and
young
Knights
that
were
near
to
his
person
,
mounted
after
;
at
what
time
the
Grand
Master
breaking
into
a
thick
Battalion
of
the
Turks
,
with
an
astonishing
fury
,
charg'd
them
so
rudely
,
that
they
were
soon
clear'd
off
.
No
sooner
was
it
known
to
what
danger
the
Grand
Master
had
expos'd
himself
,
but
the
Burgesses
of
the
Town
ran
with
all
speed
to
disingage
him
,
or
to
dye
with
him
.
The
women
also
who
were
for
the
most
part
habited
in
mens
apparel
,
appear'd
upon
the
Ramparts
to
terrify
the
Assailants
,
follow'd
their
husbands
,
and
pouring
down
scalding
Oil
,
Flints
,
and
old
Iron
upon
the
Turks
;
while
others
were
so
hardy
as
to
throw
Wild
fire
,
and
others
to
take
up
the
Arms
of
the
Slain
,
and
fight
in
their
steads
they
did
very
good
service
.
On
the
other
side
the
Archers
which
the
Grand
Master
had
plac'd
in
such
parts
of
the
Wall
which
the
Cannon
had
a
little
spar'd
;
shot
continually
upon
those
that
came
with
fresh
recruits
.
The
Barbarians
fell
in
great
heaps
every
where
,
yet
dearly
selling
their
lives
,
but
more
especially
making
a
great
slaughter
about
the
Grand
Master
.
But
the
present
Image
of
death
redoubl'd
his
zeal
,
and
no
way
diminish'd
his
valour
.
Let
us
dye
,
my
dear
Brethren
,
said
he
,
rather
then
retire
,
't
is
for
the
faith
,
't
is
for
heaven
that
we
fight
,
our
death
shall
be
honour'd
among
men
,
and
precious
in
the
sight
of
God
.
His
example
,
and
his
words
,
so
encourag'd
the
Souldiers
,
that
mauger
▪
the
obstinate
resistance
of
the
enemy
,
they
regain'd
the
Field
,
and
made
themselves
absolute
Masters
of
it
,
after
a
dispute
of
two
hours
.
The
Knight
de
Montholon
,
being
the
first
that
tore
up
the
Ottoman
Banners
,
and
flung
them
to
the
ground
.
As
much
affrighted
as
the
Barbarians
seem'd
,
and
as
much
wearied
as
they
were
indeed
,
shame
or
honour
caus'd
them
to
return
to
the
Charge
;
and
the
Basha
drew
out
a
Body
of
old
Janizaries
to
second
the
assault
.
Now
,
in
regard
the
Grand
Master
was
known
by
his
gilded
Arms
,
and
the
throng
of
remarkable
persons
that
environ'd
him
;
the
Basha
commanded
that
they
should
pick
him
out
particularly
.
These
fresh
men
threw
themselves
,
like
beasts
of
prey
,
upon
the
Christians
;
&
having
forc'd
their
,
way
through
the
Pikes
and
Swords
,
were
making
directly
to
the
Grand
Master
,
if
the
Vicount
of
Monteil
,
who
saw
them
coming
,
had
not
put
a
stop
to
them
;
who
flew
upon
them
with
the
most
valiant
of
the
Auvernian
Post
:
In
the
mean
time
ten
or
twelve
of
the
boldest
of
the
Turks
joyning
with
those
that
were
at
handy-strokes
with
the
Grand
Master
,
they
laid
at
him
with
several
blows
;
so
that
his
arms
being
broken
,
he
receiv'd
five
wounds
:
however
,
he
fought
still
very
valiantly
.
But
the
Knights
perceiving
he
was
wounded
,
fell
on
so
furiously
,
that
the
enemy
first
began
to
give
ground
;
and
lastly
,
to
betake
them
to
their
heels
.
As
for
the
Turks
who
were
got
upon
the
Posts
of
the
other
Languages
,
where
they
found
equal
resistance
;
so
soon
as
they
saw
the
Jews
Wall
forsaken
,
they
quitted
their
attaques
,
and
fled
in
the
greatest
disorder
in
the
World
:
except
three
hunder'd
of
the
stoutest
,
who
staid
upon
the
Walls
,
and
being
no
longer
able
to
defend
themselves
,
fell
half
dead
into
the
City
,
where
they
were
massacred
by
the
people
.
At
the
same
time
the
Rhodians
issu'd
out
after
them
in
throngs
,
and
pursu'd
them
to
their
very
Camp
,
making
a
most
fatal
slaughter
among
them
.
The
Turks
also
kill'd
one
another
to
make
room
for
themselves
;
so
much
they
dreaded
to
fall
into
the
hands
of
the
Christians
.
The
Basha
did
all
he
could
by
threats
and
promises
to
stay
their
flight
:
their
fear
would
not
let
them
take
notice
of
either
,
and
he
was
at
length
constrain'd
to
fly
to
the
shore
,
that
he
might
be
near
his
Galleys
.
Khodgia
Afendy
,
who
has
wrote
in
the
Turkish
Language
the
Siege
of
Rhodes
,
attributes
the
rout
of
the
Infidels
to
the
avarice
of
their
General
:
For
he
says
,
that
the
Souldiers
,
more
covetous
of
booty
then
blood
,
being
ready
to
enter
the
Town
,
and
preparing
themselves
to
plunder
,
where
they
hop'd
to
find
great
riches
;
the
Basha
,
to
preserve
the
whole
for
himself
,
caus'd
proclamation
to
be
made
,
that
the
treasure
of
Rhodes
was
the
demeans
of
the
Ottoman
Court
,
and
that
the
generous
Mussulmen
were
to
seek
nothing
more
in
fight
then
the
honour
of
serving
the
Emperor
;
however
,
he
would
not
sail
to
recompence
those
that
should
do
their
duty
▪
as
he
would
punish
those
that
should
take
the
least
rag
.
The
Historian
adds
,
that
this
Proclamation
so
cool'd
the
courage
of
the
Souldiers
,
that
they
thought
of
nothing
after
that
,
but
how
to
save
their
lives
.
But
we
may
easily
conjecture
,
by
the
examination
of
his
words
,
that
he
does
not
speak
truth
according
to
the
manner
of
the
Turks
,
who
make
no
scruple
of
lying
,
when
it
is
either
to
excuse
and
cover
the
cowardice
,
or
dishonour
of
their
Nation
.
For
it
has
been
the
custom
of
the
Ottoman
Emperors
,
and
their
Basha's
,
always
to
abandon
such
Towns
as
were
taken
by
assault
to
the
plunder
of
the
Souldiers
:
So
that
it
is
not
likely
that
Paleologus
,
who
us'd
all
the
means
he
could
,
to
make
himself
Master
of
the
place
;
and
who
was
naturally
magnificent
,
should
of
a
sudden
take
to
a
course
so
contrary
to
his
design
and
humour
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Grand
Master
,
who
felt
himself
very
much
weaken'd
by
his
wounds
,
return'd
into
the
City
all
bloody
;
after
whom
follow'd
the
victorious
Knights
with
the
Imperial
Standard
,
which
they
had
tak'n
from
before
the
Pavilion
of
the
Basha
:
but
the
condition
of
their
Prince
put
them
into
such
a
consternation
,
that
they
could
not
rejoyce
for
their
Victory
.
One
of
his
wounds
was
accounted
mortal
,
and
the
second
day
they
began
to
despair
of
his
life
.
So
soon
as
the
Basha
had
recover'd
the
Sea-shore
with
the
remains
of
his
Army
,
he
never
stood
to
consult
whether
he
should
raise
the
Siege
or
no.
Whatever
confidence
he
had
had
till
then
,
in
the
fortune
of
Mahomet
and
his
own
,
he
despair'd
to
take
the
place
after
so
many
vain
assults
;
and
understanding
that
he
had
lost
above
nine
thousand
men
slain
out-right
,
and
above
fifteen
thousand
wounded
,
which
were
not
in
the
fight
;
he
took
care
of
nothing
more
then
how
to
save
the
rest
by
retiring
.
While
the
Turks
were
embarquing
their
Engines
of
War
,
and
all
their
Baggage
,
there
appear'd
two
great
Ships
,
which
Ferdinand
,
King
of
Spain
,
had
sent
to
the
relief
of
Rhodes
.
Paleologus
,
who
saw
them
making
to
the
Port
with
full
sail
,
considering
what
a
shame
it
would
be
to
let
them
enter
the
Port
,
shot
at
them
with
such
pieces
of
Artillery
,
as
were
not
embarqu'd
;
not
being
able
to
assault
them
with
his
Galleys
,
because
the
winds
were
contrary
.
The
shot
brought
one
of
the
Masts
of
one
of
the
Ships
by
the
board
,
but
did
the
other
no
harm
.
But
the
wind
changeing
,
and
the
Sea
growing
rough
of
a
sudden
,
they
both
came
to
an
Anch
or
just
against
the
Port
,
till
the
tempest
forc'd
them
to
make
all
the
sail
they
could
to
get
in
.
The
Ship
,
whose
Mast
was
broken
,
was
the
more
fortunate
,
and
steer'd
so
well
,
that
she
got
in
.
The
other
being
carri'd
off
by
storm
,
fell
back
into
the
road
;
so
that
she
was
the
next
day
very
near
the
Infidels
Fleet.
The
Basha
,
unwilling
to
let
go
a
prize
that
he
thought
in
his
hands
,
sent
out
twenty
Galleys
to
seize
her
;
and
commanded
the
Captain
of
the
Galleys
to
go
himself
.
The
Christians
prepare
themselves
for
fight
.
The
twenty
Galleys
surround
the
Vessel
,
and
thunder
upon
her
on
every
side
;
and
by
an
incredible
kindness
of
divine
protection
,
did
them
much
more
mischief
then
she
receiv'd
herself
.
However
,
some
that
were
best
mann'd
fetch'd
her
up
by
the
strength
of
their
oars
;
and
having
grappl'd
her
,
a
whole
throng
of
Barbarians
endeavour'd
to
enter
upon
all
her
quarters
.
But
the
Spaniards
and
Italians
kept
their
ground
with
so
much
resolution
,
that
after
a
bloody
Fight
of
three
hours
,
the
Turks
were
constrain'd
to
give
way
:
and
the
death
of
the
General
of
the
Galleys
so
abated
their
courage
,
that
they
wholly
forsook
the
Vessel
.
Then
it
was
,
that
Misach
Paleologus
,
being
out
of
all
hope
,
and
fearing
all
the
worst
of
fortune
,
gave
order
to
weigh
Anchor
,
and
be
gone
.
And
that
which
hasted
his
departure
,
was
,
that
he
understood
by
his
Spies
,
that
the
Christians
expected
a
very
considerable
relief
,
and
that
the
Vessels
of
Ferdinand
were
but
the
fore-runners
of
the
Christian
Prince's
Fleet.
So
that
the
Ottoman
Fleet
put
out
to
Sea
the
18th
of
August
,
and
steer'd
toward
the
Port
of
Fisco
;
where
having
set
the
Army
a
shore
▪
they
continu'd
their
course
toward
Constantinople
.
The
Victorious
Ship
enter'd
the
Port
of
Rhodes
almost
at
the
same
that
the
Ottoman
Fleet
set
sail
.
And
now
it
is
no
difficult
thing
to
apprehend
the
joy
of
the
Rhodians
,
to
see
themselves
so
well
deliver'd
,
after
a
siege
of
sixty
days
.
The
whole
Port
resounded
with
shouts
of
gladness
:
and
the
noise
of
the
Bells
,
mix'd
with
that
of
the
Trumpets
,
made
a
pleasing
harmony
,
which
proclaim'd
the
raising
of
the
Siege
to
all
the
people
of
the
Island
.
But
that
which
most
contributes
to
the
publick
rejoycing
,
was
,
that
the
Grand
Master
began
to
recover
;
whether
the
Chirurgeons
were
deceiv'd
in
their
judgments
,
or
that
the
wound
,
which
they
deem'd
to
be
mortal
,
were
not
so
indeed
;
or
whether
there
were
something
divine
and
miraculous
in
the
cure
.
However
,
in
that
languishing
estate
,
wherein
as
yet
he
continu'd
,
he
commanded
solemn
Processions
to
be
made
for
three
days
;
and
that
Masses
should
be
said
in
all
the
Churches
of
the
City
,
for
the
souls
of
the
Knights
and
Souldiers
that
had
been
slain
during
the
Siege
.
So
soon
as
he
was
cur'd
of
his
wounds
,
and
that
he
had
strength
enough
to
walk
,
he
went
himself
to
return
thanks
to
God
at
the
feet
of
the
Altars
.
And
because
he
was
perswaded
that
the
protection
of
the
Virgin
had
sav'd
Rhodes
,
he
made
a
Vow
to
build
a
magnificent
Church
,
by
the
name
of
St.
Maries
of
the
Victory
,
neer
the
Jews
Wall
,
where
the
Turks
were
put
to
the
rout
.
Nor
did
he
delay
the
execution
of
his
vows
;
for
being
somewhat
better
settl'd
in
his
health
,
he
caus'd
himself
to
be
carri'd
to
the
place
,
and
order'd
the
foundations
to
be
laid
in
his
presence
.
They
labour'd
might
and
main
at
this
great
work
,
so
soon
as
the
fortifications
of
the
Town
were
repair'd
.
And
because
the
Victory
was
won
upon
the
day
wherein
the
Greeks
solemnize
the
Festival
of
St.
Pantaleon
,
the
Grand
Master
built
a
sumptuous
Chappel
for
the
exercise
of
the
Grecian
Ceremonies
,
in
honour
of
that
holy
Martyr
;
to
the
end
that
the
Latins
and
the
Greeks
,
celebrating
at
the
same
time
the
holy
Mysteries
,
they
might
return
thanks
both
together
,
in
both
Churches
,
for
so
renown'd
a
Victory
.
Nor
was
his
devotion
enclos'd
within
the
Walls
of
Rhodes
.
He
founded
a
perpetual
Mass
every
week
at
the
great
Altar
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
;
to
preserve
until
the
end
of
time
,
the
memory
of
so
happy
a
success
,
and
in
some
measure
to
make
an
immortal
acknowledgment
thereof
,
in
the
same
place
where
the
Order
of
St.
John
had
its
first
Institution
.
But
because
,
that
having
implor'd
the
aid
of
St.
John
Baptist
,
when
he
fally'd
to
the
Combat
,
he
found
in
his
Souldiers
,
and
in
himself
,
a
new
courage
,
which
could
not
spring
but
from
above
;
he
resolv'd
to
build
a
Church
in
Italy
,
in
Honour
of
the
happy
Precursor
,
whose
body
Julian
the
Apostate
caus'd
to
be
burnt
,
and
whose
precious
ashes
lye
in
the
Cathedral
Church
of
St.
Lawrence
at
Genoa
.
This
Structure
time
brought
to
perfection
;
and
it
was
built
neer
to
the
Chappel
,
where
those
holy
Reliques
are
expos'd
to
the
veneration
of
the
people
.
To
which
,
that
he
might
do
the
greater
Honour
,
he
also
built
a
Convent
neer
to
the
said
Chappel
,
for
twelve
religious
persons
of
the
Order
,
to
sing
Divine
Service
,
to
say
Masses
for
the
propagation
of
the
Faith
,
for
the
Benefactors
of
the
Order
,
and
the
Souls
of
the
Grand
Masters
deceas'd
:
to
which
end
he
employ'd
the
Revenue
of
several
Commanderies
,
and
his
own
,
according
to
the
power
which
he
had
receiv'd
from
the
See
of
Rome
.
He
wrote
at
the
same
time
to
the
Princes
of
Christendom
,
to
give
them
advice
of
the
Victory
,
and
to
engage
them
to
send
him
relief
,
in
case
the
Turks
should
make
any
new
attempts
,
and
that
the
Knights
should
be
constrain'd
to
hold
out
another
Siege
.
But
because
that
Ferdinand's
Ships
had
brought
him
a
Brief
from
Sixtus
,
which
Brief
contain'd
such
expressions
,
as
testifi'd
how
much
the
Pope
did
interest
himself
in
the
affairs
of
Rhodes
,
he
sent
to
Rome
the
Prior
of
Capua
,
and
the
Commander
of
Aliaga
,
with
the
Title
of
Embassadors
Extraordinary
.
He
charg'd
them
also
in
their
way
,
to
wait
upon
the
King
of
Naples
,
and
to
tell
him
how
much
the
Knights
were
oblig'd
to
him
for
his
aid
.
That
in
his
own
particular
,
he
highly
acknowledg'd
his
Favour
;
and
as
long
as
he
liv'd
,
should
seek
all
occasions
to
testify
his
gratitude
.
Nor
was
the
Grand
Master
thus
contented
to
declare
his
obligations
to
Ferdinand
;
he
also
gave
substantial
marks
of
it
to
Lewis
Palafox
,
a
Gentleman
of
Aragon
,
and
Captain
of
the
Ship
,
which
had
so
valiantly
defended
the
Tower
of
St.
Nicholas
,
and
the
Jews
Wall
.
For
besides
that
,
he
presented
him
with
a
Diamond
of
a
very
great
price
;
and
made
his
natural
Son
a
Knight
,
as
being
a
young
Gentleman
of
great
hopes
and
merit
.
He
permitted
him
to
carry
in
chief
,
above
the
Arms
of
his
Family
,
the
Arms
of
the
Order
,
as
an
authentick
proof
of
the
Services
which
he
and
his
had
done
,
during
the
Siege
.
He
also
granted
other
considerable
Favours
both
to
the
Knights
and
Souldiers
,
which
had
most
signaliz'd
themselves
:
And
because
the
Countrey
was
utterly
laid
wast
;
and
for
that
the
miseries
of
the
people
were
not
ended
with
the
War
,
he
caus'd
Corn
to
be
distributed
to
the
Islanders
in
great
plenty
;
and
discharg'd
them
for
several
years
of
all
sorts
of
Taxes
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
Peter
D'Aubusson
,
Grand
Master
of
RHODES
.
Book
Fourth
.
THE
Ottoman
Fleet
carri'd
the
news
of
their
own
misfortune
home
themselves
to
Constantinople
.
And
Mahomet
was
as
deeply
sensible
of
this
misfortune
,
as
a
wise
and
ambitious
Prince
possibly
could
be
,
who
had
not
prosper'd
in
an
honourable
Enterprize
,
which
he
undertook
not
but
upon
great
consideration
.
Though
he
were
a
great
Master
of
himself
,
and
one
that
could
dissemble
his
particular
anguish
of
mind
;
yet
upon
the
sight
of
the
principal
Captains
of
the
Army
,
and
in
that
transportment
,
he
was
about
to
have
put
them
all
to
death
.
The
Basha
,
Misach
Paleogo
,
his
favourite
,
presum'd
to
tell
him
with
that
freedom
which
his
favour
allow'd
him
,
that
they
had
nothing
to
accuse
him
either
for
his
conduct
or
his
courage
;
and
that
the
Mussul-men
had
done
as
much
as
men
could
do
.
He
was
glad
to
tell
him
withal
,
that
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
were
men
of
an
extraordinary
valour
;
and
that
there
appear'd
in
the
Air
a
bright-shining
Troop
,
whose
blows
neither
the
Turks
could
shun
,
nor
abide
their
looks
.
But
all
these
reasons
gave
the
Grand
Signior
no
satisfaction
.
He
drove
his
Favourite
out
of
his
sight
,
and
was
so
far
from
giving
him
the
Vest
of
Honour
,
which
he
was
wont
to
bestow
upon
his
Generals
and
Visiers
,
at
their
returns
from
military
Expeditions
,
that
he
commanded
him
to
retire
to
the
Sangiacatship
of
Gallipoli
.
Nor
indeed
had
Mahomet
any
other
way
to
cheer
up
himself
for
this
misfortune
,
but
by
believing
that
the
conquest
of
Rhodes
was
reserv'd
to
him
alone
,
and
that
it
belong'd
only
to
him
to
tame
the
Knights
,
and
their
Grand
Master
.
They
were
soon
inform'd
at
Rhodes
of
the
preparations
which
were
made
at
Constantinople
for
a
new
Expedition
;
nor
was
the
Grand
Master
idle
in
preparing
to
receive
them
.
But
while
the
Rhodians
were
repairing
the
defences
of
their
City
,
there
happen'd
extraordinary
accidents
which
chang'd
the
whole
course
of
their
proceedings
.
A
little
while
after
the
Fleet
of
the
Turks
was
departed
,
there
was
heard
over
the
whole
Isle
a
kind
of
subterraneal
noise
,
like
to
that
of
thunder
that
begins
to
grumble
in
a
cloud
.
This
was
a
prognostication
of
those
Earthquakes
with
which
the
Island
was
terrifi'd
for
many
months
.
The
most
firm
foundations
of
the
City
were
shak'n
by
the
first
shogs
,
and
almost
over-turn'd
by
the
second
shakings
,
which
happen'd
one
after
another
;
and
which
many
times
did
not
give
over
,
but
only
to
begin
again
with
greater
force
.
The
half
of
the
Fort
of
St.
Nicholas
rumbl'd
down
one
night
,
and
the
ruines
of
the
Tower
overwhelm'd
most
part
of
the
Souldiers
in
the
Tower
.
As
the
exhalation
that
caus'd
these
motions
grew
to
be
more
and
more
enrag'd
by
the
attempts
which
it
made
to
get
loose
out
of
the
caverns
wherein
it
was
enclos'd
,
the
Earth
quake
encreas'd
every
day
.
The
Earth
rear'd
it self
up
,
and
violently
bounded
forward
in
some
places
;
it
cleft
and
open'd
in
others
.
Nothing
but
ruine
and
abysses
appear'd
every
where
;
nothing
was
heard
but
the
cries
of
affrighted
people
,
that
run
up
and
down
to
save
themselves
,
and
yet
no
where
sound
security
.
In
short
,
it
seem'd
that
the
Island
of
Rhodes
,
which
some
believ'd
was
produc'd
out
of
the
Sea
,
to
make
the
Earth
tremble
;
was
now
just
ready
to
perish
by
the
same
accident
for
which
it
was
created
.
To
add
to
their
affliction
,
these
tremblings
of
the
Earth
were
accompani'd
with
such
prodigious
and
impetuous
showers
of
rain
,
as
if
a
second
deluge
had
been
come
to
overflow
the
World
.
Besides
all
this
,
the
Sea
swell'd
ten
foot
high
;
and
having
surpast
its
bounds
,
over-run
the
●●ty
with
such
an
impetuosity
and
noise
,
as
if
it
came
to
swallow
it
up
.
The
Rhodians
believ'd
themselves
lost
,
when
they
beheld
how
the
very
Elements
conspir'd
their
ruine
,
at
a
time
as
they
were
threaten'd
again
with
the
whole
force
of
the
Turks
.
Nay
,
the
Grand
Master
himself
would
have
had
much
ado
perhaps
to
have
sustain'd
himself
with
his
natural
constancy
,
had
not
his
confidence
in
God
fortifi'd
him
against
so
many
calamities
.
Upon
this
Christian
confidence
it
was
,
that
he
was
often
heard
to
say
,
like
Moses
and
David
.
The
God
of
Battel
is
our
fortress
;
when
I
walk
in
the
midd'st
of
the
shadow
of
death
,
I
will
fear
none
ill
;
because
,
thou
Lord
,
art
with
me
.
He
exhorted
all
the
people
to
take
heart
,
but
all
his
exhortations
signifi'd
little
;
for
the
people
sensible
of
what
they
felt
,
abandon'd
themselves
to
those
impressions
which
such
sort
of
calamities
produce
.
And
that
which
encreas'd
the
publick
consternation
,
was
,
that
about
that
time
Mahomet
was
set
out
of
Constantinople
at
the
head
of
three
hunder'd
thousand
men
,
resolv'd
to
conquer
Italy
or
Egypt
,
so
soon
as
he
had
conquer'd
Rhodes
.
He
cross'd
the
Thracian
Bosphorus
,
and
took
his
way
for
Bithynia
;
with
a
design
to
cross
all
Asia
the
less
,
and
to
come
to
the
Port
of
Lycia
before
the
Knights
should
know
of
his
march
.
But
Heaven
is
pleas'd
sometimes
at
one
blow
to
bring
down
the
pride
of
the
Grandees
of
the
Earth
.
This
proud
Prince
,
who
thought
upon
nothing
but
new
conquests
,
was
taken
away
by
a
violent
Cholick
in
the
midd'st
of
his
Army
,
neer
to
Nicomedia
.
He
was
three
and
fifty
years
old
;
so
vigorous
,
that
he
endur'd
all
the
travels
and
labours
of
War
without
any
detriment
to
his
health
;
the
anguish
that
perplex'd
him
for
raising
the
Seige
of
Rhodes
did
not
a
little
contribute
to
his
death
.
He
always
appear'd
melancholly
after
that
misfortune
;
and
upon
the
very
naming
the
word
Grand
Master
,
he
fell
into
such
dull
fits
as
made
him
insupportable
to
himself
.
William
Caoursin
,
who
liv'd
at
that
time
,
and
was
Vice-Chancellor
of
Rhodes
,
makes
him
to
dye
after
a
very
strange
manner
.
For
he
reports
in
his
memoires
,
that
Mahomet
passing
thorough
a
Forrest
of
Bithynia
,
a
young
Man
clad
in
white
,
of
a
shape
something
more
then
Human
,
presented
himself
before
him
,
with
a
visage
burning
with
anger
,
and
a
flaming
Sword
in
his
hand
,
who
after
he
had
beheld
him
with
a
fiery
and
menacing
eye
,
Most
impious
among
men
,
said
he
,
I
will
run
thee
thorough
with
this
Sword
.
At
which
words
Mahomet
fell
trembling
from
his
Horse
,
as
if
he
had
been
struck
with
a
Thunder-bolt
.
That
at
the
same
time
he
suffer'd
most
bitter
torments
,
which
caus'd
him
to
cry
out
most
dreadfully
,
and
that
soon
after
he
died
,
blaspheming
the
name
of
Jesus
,
and
cursing
the
Rhodians
.
Whether
the
Apparition
were
true
or
no
,
certain
it
is
,
that
this
Enemy
of
the
Cross
dy'd
the
same
day
that
the
Church
celebrates
the
festival
of
the
finding
the
Holy
Cross
,
and
that
as
he
was
expiring
,
he
several
times
utter'd
the
word
Rhodes
,
and
commanded
in
the
extremity
of
his
pangs
,
that
this
Inscription
should
be
written
over
his
Tomb.
My
design
was
to
have
taken
Rhodes
and
subdued
Italy
.
The
death
of
the
Ottoman
Emperor
was
the
safety
of
Christendome
,
and
particularly
of
the
Rhodian
Territories
.
So
that
when
the
Grand
Master
heard
the
news
,
he
gave
thanks
in
publick
to
Heaven
,
that
the
Order
was
deliver'd
from
so
powerful
an
adversary
.
But
that
which
more
encreas'd
the
joy
of
the
Knights
was
this
,
that
the
City
of
Otrantum
was
retaken
from
the
Turks
in
Puglia
,
so
soon
as
the
death
of
Mahomet
was
known
Achmat
Basha
,
one
of
the
greatest
men
of
the
Empire
,
had
made
himself
Master
of
this
City
the
year
before
;
and
had
left
a
strong
Garrison
therein
,
and
settl'd
it
in
a
condition
not
to
be
assaulted
.
The
taking
of
Otrantum
made
all
Italy
shake
.
And
the
vigorous
holding
out
of
the
Turks
against
the
Neapolitans
that
besieg'd
it
,
began
to
make
Rome
sensible
of
her
danger
;
but
when
the
besieged
understood
the
death
of
the
Grand
Signior
,
their
courages
fail'd
them
,
and
they
surrendred
to
the
Duke
of
Calabria
,
Son
to
the
King
of
Naples
,
not
staying
for
the
succour
of
five
and
twenty
thousand
men
which
Achmat
was
bringing
himself
.
These
Tydings
were
acceptable
to
the
Church
;
and
then
it
was
that
the
Rhodians
began
to
take
breath
after
such
a
series
of
misfortunes
.
The
Earth
grew
steady
,
and
the
Sea
retir'd
,
so
that
they
had
the
liberty
to
repair
all
the
ruins
of
the
City
.
But
as
the
corruption
of
manners
usually
proceeds
from
the
disorders
of
War
,
the
Grand
Master
undertook
a
reformation
of
the
Knights
and
people
.
To
that
end
he
made
severe
Laws
against
those
vices
that
wound
Christian
Piety
,
and
civil
society
,
upon
which
accompt
he
forbad
all
manner
of
unlawful
Games
.
These
Laws
were
publickly
proclaimed
,
and
what
was
thought
almost
incredible
,
as
readily
obey'd
;
but
a
Soveraign
finds
no
great
trouble
to
make
his
Subjects
obey
him
when
he
commands
nothing
but
what
he
practises
himself
.
While
all
things
were
calm
at
Rhodes
;
the
two
parties
that
strove
to
succeed
in
the
Ottoman
Empire
,
put
all
Turky
into
a
confusion
.
Mahomet
at
his
death
left
two
Sons
behind
him
,
Bajazet
and
Zi-zim
,
for
Mustapha
their
elder
brother
was
put
to
death
by
the
command
of
his
Father
,
That
young
Sultan
,
who
who
was
both
stout
and
valiant
,
and
had
not
long
before
won
a
very
signal
victory
from
Vssum
Cassan
King
of
Persia
,
coming
to
the
Ottoman
Court
about
the
particular
affairs
of
his
government
of
Amasia
,
fell
so
deeply
in
love
with
the
wife
of
Achmat
,
that
famous
Basha
that
took
Otrantum
,
that
one
day
in
the
hight
of
his
passion
,
he
offer'd
her
violence
as
she
was
going
into
the
Bath
.
Achmat
complain'd
to
Mahomet
,
and
tore
his
Turbant
and
his
Vest
,
to
express
his
grief
.
What
is
that
you
complain
of
,
haughtily
answer'd
the
Grand
Signior
to
the
Basha
,
My
Son
has
done
nothing
but
abus'd
the
Wife
of
one
of
my
Slaves
.
However
to
give
Achmat
satisfaction
,
he
gave
immediate
order
that
Mustapha
should
be
strangl'd
,
at
the
same
time
acting
the
part
of
a
cruel
Father
and
a
just
King
.
Thus
Bajazet
and
Zizim
remained
the
only
Heirs
of
the
Crown
.
The
first
govern'd
Paphlagonia
,
and
resided
not
far
from
the
Black
Sea
.
The
Second
had
the
Government
of
Liconia
,
in
Asia
the
less
,
so
that
they
were
both
at
a
great
distance
from
their
father
when
he
dy'd
.
They
had
ever
been
kept
a
sunder
the
one
from
the
other
,
and
had
never
seen
one
another
but
once
,
out
of
a
piece
of
policy
of
Mahomet
,
for
fear
least
jealousy
should
divide
themselves
,
or
a
strickt
amity
unite
them
both
against
him
.
They
were
of
a
different
Character
,
and
dispositions
resembling
in
nothing
but
the
passion
which
they
had
to
raign
.
Bajazet
,
to
whom
the
Turks
gave
the
name
of
Lightning
or
Thunder
,
by
no
means
made
his
Title
good
,
as
being
of
a
spirit
altogether
poor
and
mean
,
and
one
that
minded
nothing
less
then
War
.
Zizim
,
whose
name
signifies
love
,
on
the
contrary
had
a
lively
Wit
,
a
noble
Soul
,
and
was
most
generously
enclin'd
.
He
was
not
so
handsome
as
Bajazet
;
but
there
appear'd
in
his
Person
,
and
in
his
Countenance
,
such
a
mixture
of
Grandeur
,
sweetness
,
and
haughtiness
mix'd
together
,
that
surpass'd
beauty
it self
.
He
delighted
extreamly
in
hunting
,
and
all
Military
exercises
.
And
yet
he
had
no
less
a
love
for
learning
then
he
had
for
Arms.
He
understood
Languages
,
among
the
rest
the
Greek
and
Italian
;
he
spent
some
part
of
his
time
in
reading
of
Histories
;
and
he
was
then
writing
the
Story
of
his
Fathers
Life
,
when
the
news
came
to
him
of
his
death
.
He
was
very
zealous
for
the
Mahumetan
Religion
,
yet
not
with
that
head-strong
passion
,
but
that
he
had
a
great
kindness
for
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
,
whom
his
Father
mortally
hated
,
Besides
all
that
,
he
had
a
particular
affection
for
the
Grand
Master
,
from
the
very
time
that
the
first
overtures
of
peace
were
made
,
and
he
had
always
a
design
to
make
as
strict
a
league
with
him
as
the
law
of
the
Mussel-men
would
permit
.
And
indeed
there
is
such
a
coherence
between
the
Story
of
the
Grand
Master
and
Zizim
,
that
I
cannot
forbear
to
relate
what
happne'd
to
the
two
Brothers
,
before
the
Knights
did
interest
themselves
altogether
in
the
quarrel
.
So
soon
as
Bajazet
and
Zizim
understood
of
the
death
of
the
Emperor
.
They
both
of
them
minded
nothing
else
but
how
to
get
into
possession
of
the
Empire
.
But
before
they
took
the
Field
,
the
partakers
of
each
side
at
Constantinople
,
had
taken
Arms
,
and
declar'd
some
for
the
One
,
and
some
for
the
Other
.
The
heads
of
each
party
made
out
the
best
they
could
the
right
of
both
Princes
.
They
that
took
Bajazets
part
,
cry'd
out
that
nature
spake
in
his
behalf
,
for
that
being
the
eldest
,
he
could
not
in
justice
be
depriv'd
of
the
Crown
.
The
Friends
of
Zizim
pretended
that
a
lazy
slothful
Prince
as
Bajazet
,
that
gave
not
his
mind
to
business
,
but
led
a
dissolute
life
,
did
not
deserve
to
succeed
to
the
great
Mahomet
.
They
maintain'd
that
Zizim
being
endowed
from
Heaven
with
all
the
qualities
that
made
a
Prince
worthy
of
an
Empire
,
ought
to
be
preferr'd
in
the
succession
to
his
Father
.
And
as
to
the
right
of
Eldership
they
added
,
that
Bajazet
indeed
was
born
before
Zizim
;
but
that
for
that
very
reason
he
had
no
right
to
the
Imperial
Crown
.
For
,
said
they
,
the
first
is
only
the
Son
of
Bajazet
,
the
other
is
the
Son
of
the
Emperor
.
Bajazet
was
born
while
Amurath
liv'd
,
and
before
Bajazet
bare
the
Scepter
.
But
Zizim
came
into
the
World
,
when
his
Father
was
in
possession
of
all
the
Turkish
dominions
,
and
after
he
had
conquer'd
the
Empire
of
the
Greeks
;
so
that
it
might
be
truly
said
,
that
this
young
Prince
was
born
upon
the
Throne
;
and
that
Nature
,
as
well
as
Fortune
,
had
design'd
him
for
the
Empire
.
Both
parties
thus
heated
,
fell
at
length
from
disputes
to
blows
,
the
people
taking
part
according
as
they
were
seduc'd
and
inveagl'd
by
the
Janizaries
and
Basha's
;
insomuch
that
they
plunder'd
one
part
of
the
Palace
,
and
the
Imperial
Treasure
,
and
one
of
the
Grandees
of
the
Court
was
slain
in
a
popular
insurrection
,
wherein
there
was
much
blood
spilt
.
While
this
was
the
condition
of
affairs
at
Constantinople
,
and
that
the
two
Princes
were
preparing
to
make
good
their
claims
by
force
of
Arms
,
the
Grand
Master
thought
it
very
convenient
to
take
the
advantage
of
Mahomet's
death
,
and
of
the
division
of
the
Princes
,
and
to
make
an
attempt
upon
the
Island
of
Meteline
.
It
was
then
one
of
the
richest
Islands
in
the
Archipelago
,
and
the
most
commodious
for
Knights
,
being
seated
directly
against
the
mouth
of
the
Straight
of
Gallipoli
.
The
broyls
of
Turkey
made
the
enterprize
easy
.
For
there
was
no
likelihood
of
any
relief
by
Sea
from
the
Infidels
,
when
their
Forces
were
all
employ'd
in
a
Domestick
War
.
These
considerations
encourag'd
the
Grand
Master
to
make
ready
with
all
speed
the
Ships
of
the
Order
,
and
to
spare
for
nothing
that
might
procure
the
success
of
such
an
important
design
.
The
Commander
de
Jales
,
who
at
that
time
kept
cruzing
the
Archipelago
with
two
Galleys
,
had
order
to
attend
the
Fleet.
When
it
was
ready
,
it
set
Sail
under
the
Conduct
of
the
Commander
de
Carmandin
,
Baily
of
Lango
.
But
sickness
happening
in
the
Fleet
,
unseasonable
weather
,
and
contrary
winds
disappointed
a
design
,
the
success
whereof
seem'd
to
be
infallible
.
But
that
which
the
Grand
Master
contriv'd
to
revenge
himself
upon
the
Soldan
of
Egypt
,
better
succeeded
.
For
that
same
treacherous
Prince
having
no
regard
to
the
Peace
,
according
to
the
custom
and
genius
of
the
Mahumetans
,
had
sent
certain
Pyrats
to
take
the
Vessels
,
and
plunder
the
Ships
belonging
to
the
Order
,
as
if
open
War
had
been
declar'd
.
Thereupon
the
Grand
Master
order'd
his
Galleys
to
cruize
along
the
coasts
of
Syria
and
Egypt
,
and
to
make
all
the
havock
they
could
upon
a
faithless
Barbarian
.
Which
was
so
effectually
perform'd
,
that
Caerbei
,
the
Soldan
,
soon
repented
him
of
his
perjury
.
In
the
mean
while
Bajazet's
party
grew
strong
.
For
while
the
two
Sultans
were
upon
their
march
to
dispute
for
the
Crown
by
force
of
Arms
,
Achmat
,
who
return'd
to
Constantinople
when
the
Turks
had
forsaken
Otrantum
,
and
who
was
a
person
of
great
authority
in
the
Empire
,
absolutely
declar'd
for
Bajazet
;
whether
it
were
that
he
was
convinc'd
of
the
justice
of
his
cause
,
or
that
he
hop'd
to
have
the
Government
in
his
own
hands
,
under
a
weak
Prince
.
As
he
was
a
man
prudent
and
bold
,
equally
skill'd
in
Politicks
as
War
;
after
he
had
partly
threaten'd
,
partly
caress'd
the
more
factious
sort
,
he
appeas'd
the
Sedition
by
setting
upon
the
Throne
one
of
Bajazett's
Sons
,
of
about
thirteen
years
of
age
,
whose
name
was
Sultan
Corcut
,
and
proclaiming
Emperor
the
Father
of
the
young
Prince
.
Bajazett
,
who
had
already
tak'n
shipping
,
soon
came
to
Constantinople
by
the
black
Sea
.
Achmat
receiv'd
him
at
the
head
of
the
Basha's
and
Janizaries
that
he
had
gain'd
,
who
having
all
of
them
saluted
him
Emperor
,
they
conducted
him
to
the
Imperial
Palace
,
surrounded
with
the
shouts
and
acclamations
of
the
people
,
who
acknowledg'd
him
the
lawful
Heir
of
Mahomet
.
Zizim's
Adherents
were
vex'd
to
the
very
hearts
to
see
his
enemy
upon
the
Throne
;
but
the
absolute
power
that
Achmat
had
gain'd
,
forc'd
them
to
dissemble
their
resentment
,
and
to
comply
with
the
advancement
of
Bajazett
.
However
,
they
held
private
Caballs
together
,
and
invited
the
young
Sultan
to
make
all
the
haste
he
could
.
Zizim
,
who
had
not
the
convenience
of
the
Sea
,
but
was
to
march
through
Bithynia
,
did
not
understand
till
he
was
upon
the
road
,
of
the
Coronation
of
his
Brother
.
This
unwelcome
news
did
nothing
abate
the
courage
of
the
young
Prince
.
He
believ'd
the
people
,
whose
inclinations
are
prone
to
change
,
and
often
contrary
to
themselves
,
would
turn
of
his
side
,
so
soon
as
he
should
appear
at
Constantinople
;
and
he
believ'd
it
so
much
the
more
,
because
that
Bajazet
had
been
always
less
belov'd
then
he
.
With
these
hopes
he
march'd
in
all
haste
towards
Prusia
,
the
ancient
residence
of
the
Ottoman
Emperors
,
and
made
himself
Master
of
the
City
,
with
those
few
Troops
which
he
had
brought
with
him
out
of
Lycaonia
.
This
first
success
seem'd
to
promise
more
.
And
therefore
,
that
he
might
not
be
wanting
to
his
own
good
fortune
,
he
labours
,
by
means
of
his
friends
,
to
draw
to
his
party
the
Lords
and
Grandees
of
the
Port
;
and
to
regain
the
affection
of
the
Janizaries
,
got
what
Money
he
could
together
,
and
reinforc'd
his
Army
from
day
to
day
.
Bajazet
,
in
whom
desire
of
rule
had
augmented
both
his
wit
and
his
courage
,
spar'd
for
nothing
on
his
side
,
to
stop
the
progress
of
the
Sultan
his
Brother
.
And
fearing
lest
Zizim
should
make
himself
Master
of
all
Asia
,
he
sent
Achmat
against
him
with
a
numerous
Army
,
and
made
up
of
the
old
Souldiers
of
the
Army
.
The
Basha
,
who
desir'd
nothing
more
then
to
finish
what
he
had
begun
,
makes
all
possible
haste
,
and
encamps
not
far
from
Prusia
,
in
a
woody
plain
,
resolv'd
to
carry
the
place
,
and
to
get
the
Prince
into
his
power
,
who
was
the
only
obstacle
to
the
repose
of
the
new
Emperor
.
Zizim
,
who
had
not
time
to
fortify
the
City
,
and
wanted
provisions
to
hold
out
a
Siege
,
rather
chose
to
take
the
field
,
then
to
be
shut
up
in
a
weak
and
unprovided
place
.
Thereupon
out
he
marches
at
the
head
of
his
Cavalry
;
and
having
discover'd
Achmat's
Troops
,
which
he
did
not
think
so
nigh
at
hand
,
he
resolv'd
to
give
Battel
immediately
.
Thus
resolving
to
venture
all
for
a
Crown
,
he
marches
directly
toward
the
enemy
,
telling
his
Souldiers
that
there
was
no
other
way
but
either
to
conquer
,
or
dye
.
Achmat
stood
him
with
a
wonderful
resolution
;
and
after
he
had
born
the
fury
of
the
first
shock
,
he
charg'd
him
so
rudely
,
that
the
Asiaticks
were
soon
put
to
the
rout
.
The
most
part
of
them
were
raw
Souldiers
,
ill
disciplin'd
,
effeminate
,
and
more
accustom'd
to
repose
and
luxury
,
then
to
the
noise
of
arms
and
labour
.
The
Prince
return'd
to
the
charge
with
some
of
the
choice
of
his
Army
,
but
they
perish'd
almost
all
by
his
side
,
and
he
himself
had
either
been
slain
,
or
tak'n
,
had
not
night
come
on
.
Thereupon
,
favour'd
by
the
darkness
,
he
got
into
the
next
wood
,
hoping
to
rally
his
Troops
,
and
to
bring
them
on
again
the
next
day
.
But
understanding
that
the
most
part
of
his
people
were
either
prisoners
,
or
slain
,
he
took
a
sudden
resolution
to
fly
for
succour
to
the
Soldan
of
Egypt
,
the
King
of
Cilicia
,
and
the
Grand
Master
of
Rhodes
.
To
this
purpose
,
with
only
forty
Horse
,
marching
day
and
night
through
unknown
places
,
at
length
he
got
into
Syria
.
Being
come
to
Jerusalem
,
he
went
to
visit
the
Temple
of
Solomon
,
to
which
the
Mahumetans
give
a
particular
veneration
;
and
there
prostrated
at
the
foot
of
the
Altar
,
he
besought
the
Divine
Majesty
to
favour
his
just
designs
;
after
which
,
continuing
his
journey
through
the
Deserts
of
Arabia
,
he
came
to
Caire
.
Cairbey
receiv'd
Zizim
,
not
as
a
Fugitive
,
and
despoyl'd
Prince
,
but
as
a
great
King
,
the
Son
of
a
most
famous
Conqueror
,
and
of
the
most
Puissant
Emperor
that
ever
the
Turks
had
.
When
he
understood
that
the
Prince
was
at
hand
,
he
sent
before
the
most
considerable
Emirs
and
Mamalukes
of
his
Court.
And
at
the
same
time
he
went
to
receive
him
at
the
Gate
of
his
Palace
,
contrary
to
the
custome
of
the
Soldans
;
not
were
there
any
sort
of
honours
or
caresses
with
which
he
did
not
entertain
him
.
Zizim
,
so
much
the
better
pleas'd
with
his
entertainment
,
by
how
much
the
more
he
look'd
upon
the
lowness
of
his
condition
,
made
his
returns
to
the
civilities
of
the
Chirurgeon
,
as
shew'd
his
acknowledgment
,
but
testifi'd
nothing
of
weakness
,
or
want
of
courage
.
After
he
had
declar'd
to
him
the
reason
of
his
coming
,
he
told
him
withal
,
that
he
apply'd
himself
to
him
,
as
to
the
most
zealous
observer
of
the
Mahumetan
Law
.
He
conjur'd
him
by
the
Temple
of
Solomon
,
and
the
Sepulcher
of
the
Prophet
Mahomet
,
which
were
both
in
his
Dominions
,
to
assist
an
unfortunate
person
with
his
counsels
and
his
forces
,
against
the
violences
of
a
barbarous
Brother
,
who
had
depriv'd
him
of
the
Crown
,
and
also
sought
to
take
away
his
life
.
The
Soldan
,
mov'd
by
the
discourse
of
Zizim
,
made
him
all
manner
of
offers
.
But
as
Cairbey
was
a
Politick
Prince
,
who
would
not
easily
engage
in
dangerous
affairs
,
being
rather
a
lover
of
quiet
and
repose
,
he
promis'd
him
first
to
labour
an
accommodation
with
Bajazet
;
and
to
keep
his
word
,
he
dispatch'd
away
an
Emir
to
Constantinople
.
The
Embassy
was
no
way
pleasing
to
Zizim
,
who
well
knew
that
such
kind
of
differences
were
not
to
be
determin'd
but
by
force
.
But
the
posture
of
his
affairs
,
and
the
consideration
of
his
wife
and
children
that
came
after
him
to
Caire
,
enforc'd
him
to
dissemble
.
And
the
better
to
conceal
his
passion
,
he
desir'd
to
go
to
Mecca
,
to
worship
the
Sepulcher
of
Mahomet
,
though
perhaps
more
out
of
discontent
than
devotion
.
Hardly
was
the
Ottoman
Prince
return'd
,
but
news
came
from
Constantinople
.
Bajazet
,
who
in
all
things
follow'd
the
counsel
of
Achmat
,
accepted
the
mediation
of
Cairbey
,
not
so
much
to
reconcile
himself
with
his
Brother
,
as
to
amuse
him
,
and
ruine
him
,
under
the
pretence
of
accommodation
.
The
Soldan
overjoy'd
to
see
himself
the
Arbitrator
of
so
great
a
quarrel
,
went
about
to
perswade
Zizim
that
a
part
of
the
Empire
was
better
then
nothing
;
and
upon
that
score
he
offer'd
him
for
his
share
a
Province
in
Asia
.
The
Sultan
was
much
displeased
at
his
Proposition
,
and
could
not
forbear
from
manifesting
how
high
an
injury
it
was
to
his
pride
.
By
this
he
found
that
mediation
did
but
only
make
him
lose
time
;
and
therefore
not
finding
Cairbey
very
readily
dispos'd
to
succour
him
,
he
resolv'd
to
implore
the
assistance
of
other
Princes
,
at
what
time
he
receiv'd
an
Embassy
from
the
Grand
Caraman
.
This
Monarch
,
whom
Mahomet
had
despoyl'd
of
the
Kingdom
of
Cilicia
,
now
call'd
Caramania
,
thought
he
had
now
a
favourable
opportunity
to
recover
the
Kingdoms
which
he
had
lost
;
and
made
no
question
but
that
by
declaring
himself
against
Bajazet
,
he
should
oblige
Zizim
,
should
he
contribute
to
put
him
in
possession
of
the
Empire
,
to
restore
him
his
own
.
Upon
this
consideration
he
rais'd
Forces
,
and
requested
succour
from
all
his
friends
.
The
Grand
Master
,
to
whom
he
particularly
address'd
himself
,
sent
him
five
Galleys
laden
with
Souldiers
and
Artillery
;
who
were
readily
willing
to
go
,
when
the
Counsel
understood
that
it
was
done
for
the
interest
of
Zizim
,
who
had
been
always
kind
to
the
Knights
,
and
the
Vessels
of
the
Order
.
In
short
,
when
Caraman
had
rais'd
his
Army
,
he
sent
for
Sultan
Zizim
to
come
and
joyn
with
him
.
The
proposition
of
the
King
of
Caramania
was
much
more
acceptable
to
the
Prince
,
then
that
of
the
Sultan
;
but
that
which
chiefly
made
him
determine
to
leave
Caire
,
was
,
that
several
Basha's
ill
satisfi'd
with
the
new
Government
,
had
by
particular
expresses
assur'd
him
of
their
fidelity
and
services
.
However
,
as
much
displeas'd
as
he
was
in
himself
with
Cairbey
,
he
would
not
break
with
a
Prince
from
whom
he
had
receiv'd
so-much
kindness
;
and
who
was
able
to
do
him
as
much
prejudice
.
So
that
as
a
mark
of
the
confidence
he
repos'd
in
him
,
he
left
his
wife
and
children
with
him
.
The
great
desire
which
Zizim
had
to
obtain
the
Crown
,
which
,
as
he
pretended
,
belong'd
to
him
,
and
of
which
he
thought
himself
more
worthy
than
Bajazet
,
made
him
hasten
with
all
speed
to
Mount
Taurus
,
where
the
Grand
Caraman
expected
him
;
and
the
reason
which
that
expell'd
King
had
to
hate
the
Turks
,
made
Zizim
believe
that
he
should
find
in
him
an
assur'd
and
faithful
friend
.
After
they
had
sworn
to
each
other
an
inviolable
Amity
,
the
two
Princes
march'd
together
over
vast
Plains
,
and
encamp'd
with
their
Forces
near
to
Lavanda
,
a
City
of
Cappadocia
;
Achmat
,
who
had
winter'd
in
Lycaonia
,
neer
Iconium
,
advanc'd
with
his
Army
upon
the
first
report
of
the
Confederacy
of
Caraman
and
Zizim
;
on
the
other
side
also
Bajazet
,
whom
the
desire
of
ruining
his
Brother
,
made
more
bold
and
valiant
every
day
then
other
,
set
forth
from
Constantinople
at
the
head
of
a
hunder'd
thousand
men
,
and
joyn'd
with
Achmat
,
who
had
at
least
as
many
.
Whatever
resolutions
the
two
Princes
had
taken
,
they
began
to
be
afraid
of
so
great
a
force
;
and
Caraman
,
who
knew
his
Troops
to
be
far
weaker
then
those
of
the
Turks
,
gave
Zizim
to
understand
that
it
would
be
but
meer
rashness
to
give
Battel
.
He
also
endeavour'd
to
perswade
him
that
it
was
the
part
of
prudence
to
retire
.
But
the
young
Prince
could
not
so
resolve
;
either
honour
or
despair
caus'd
him
to
make
a
proposal
to
Bajazet
,
that
they
might
terminate
their
differences
by
a
single
combat
in
the
sight
of
both
Armies
.
Bajazet
,
who
was
not
stout
enough
,
and
who
was
in
too
prosperous
a
condition
to
accept
such
a
challenge
,
propos'd
to
Zizim
another
way
of
accommodation
,
and
offer'd
him
any
such
Province
as
he
should
like
upon
the
Frontiers
of
Turkey
,
with
two
hunder'd
thousand
Crowns
in
Gold
every
year
,
and
a
Court
becoming
the
Ottoman
magnificence
.
Had
those
offers
been
as
sincere
,
as
they
were
made
in
craft
,
they
would
not
have
contented
Zizim
,
whose
ambition
was
not
to
be
satisfi'd
but
with
a
Crown
.
He
rejected
them
with
disdain
.
But
knowing
that
Achmat
did
but
only
seek
to
ensnare
him
,
that
he
might
get
his
person
into
his
power
,
while
he
kept
him
in
play
with
fair
words
,
he
at
length
was
perswaded
to
retreat
.
The
advice
which
he
had
of
their
close
pursuit
,
advis'd
him
to
save
himself
through
Forrests
and
Deserts
in
the
most
difficult
Streights
of
Mount
Taurus
.
The
Caraman
follow'd
him
presently
after
with
his
Forces
very
much
tir'd
.
Zizim
had
formerly
secur'd
himself
in
this
place
from
the
persecution
of
an
enemy
that
was
not
his
Brother
;
but
judging
well
,
that
a
Brother
so
unnatural
as
his
would
never
be
at
rest
,
till
he
had
establish'd
his
Throne
by
the
death
of
him
that
had
the
only
right
to
pretend
to
it
;
after
he
had
made
several
reflections
upon
the
present
,
and
the
future
,
he
resolv'd
to
seek
the
Alliance
and
protection
of
the
Grand
Master
,
whose
generosity
he
was
well
acquainted
with
,
and
who
was
also
a
friend
of
the
Grand
Caraman
.
To
that
purpose
he
wrote
to
Rhodes
by
one
of
his
most
faithful
servants
;
but
that
Messenger
was
tak'n
by
the
Turks
,
who
possess'd
all
the
passes
of
the
Countrey
,
and
carri'd
to
Bajazet
,
who
put
him
immediately
to
death
.
When
Zizim
understood
that
,
and
that
Achmat
sought
for
him
in
all
places
,
he
left
Mount
Taurus
,
and
took
the
way
of
Lycia
toward
the
Sea
with
the
Grand
Caraman
,
who
was
himself
his
guide
.
Who
,
no
sooner
were
they
got
clear
of
the
Streights
of
the
Mountain
,
but
their
Troops
who
were
posted
there
,
and
were
preparing
to
follow
them
,
were
surrounded
,
and
cut
in
pieces
by
Achmat.
These
new
misfortunes
put
the
young
Prince
upon
sending
to
the
Grand
Master
two
prudent
and
faithful
persons
,
the
one
of
which
was
nam'd
Duan
,
and
the
other
Solyman
.
And
there
happen'd
to
be
at
that
time
a
Galiot
of
the
Order
,
that
carri'd
the
Embassadors
of
Zizim
to
Rhodes
.
Duan
and
Solyman
fully
inform'd
the
Grand
Master
of
the
adventures
of
their
Prince
.
And
afterwards
they
told
him
that
it
belong'd
to
none
but
the
most
Illustrious
Knights
of
the
World
to
protect
an
opprest
Innocent
;
and
that
it
was
less
an
honour
to
humble
the
proud
,
then
to
assist
the
miserable
.
That
Zizim
requir'd
neither
money
nor
men
,
being
resolv'd
to
submit
a
while
to
his
bad
fortune
;
that
he
did
not
covet
to
rule
,
but
only
sought
an
Asylum
,
where
he
might
live
in
safety
and
quiet
.
They
added
,
that
in
his
youth
he
had
had
a
manifest
affection
for
the
Order
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
and
that
he
hop'd
that
the
Mahumetan
Law
wherein
he
had
been
bred
,
would
not
hinder
them
from
taking
pity
upon
a
young
Prince
expos'd
to
the
most
cruel
persecution
that
ever
was
.
To
conclude
,
they
told
him
that
nothing
would
render
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
more
formidable
to
Bajazett
,
then
their
having
his
Brother
in
their
power
;
nor
more
considerable
either
in
Europe
or
in
Asia
,
then
to
be
Master
of
the
Destiny
of
a
Prince
,
who
was
Mahomet's
Heir
.
These
reasons
were
too
sound
not
to
move
the
Grand
Master
,
who
understood
besides
how
profitable
such
an
accident
would
be
to
all
Christendom
.
It
was
therefore
resolv'd
in
Council
to
entertain
Zizim
,
and
the
grand
Vessel
of
the
Treasury
was
forthwith
commanded
together
with
a
Galley
,
a
Caravel
,
and
other
Vessels
to
go
and
fetch
him
.
They
also
made
ready
at
the
same
time
a
safe
Conduct
,
after
the
same
form
which
the
Embassador
desir'd
.
The
Grand
Master
made
choice
of
Don
Alvare
of
Zuinga
,
Prior
of
Castile
,
for
so
honourable
a
Command
,
and
gave
him
his
Orders
how
he
should
behave
himself
toward
the
Prince
.
Bajazett
on
the
other
side
finding
by
a
Letter
intercepted
,
and
by
the
advices
which
he
had
,
that
Zizim
had
bent
his
course
toward
the
Coast
of
Lycia
,
to
pass
from
thence
by
Sea
to
Rhodes
,
sent
after
him
a
body
of
Horse
,
with
orders
to
take
him
dead
or
alive
.
Zizim
,
who
had
intelligence
thereof
,
presently
retir'd
to
the
Sea
side
,
where
the
great
Caraman
had
prepar'd
a
Ship
ready
,
in
case
the
Prince
should
be
pursu'd
.
The
Spahi's
however
made
so
must
haste
,
that
they
miss'd
him
but
a
moment
;
they
appear'd
at
the
very
time
when
he
was
but
just
got
into
the
Barque
;
and
he
was
no
sooner
put
off
from
the
shoar
,
but
taking
a
Bow
in
sight
of
his
Brothers
souldiers
,
he
let
fly
an
Arrow
,
to
the
point
whereof
was
fasten'd
a
Letter
,
the
Contents
of
which
were
as
follow
.
King
ZIZIM
,
To
King
Bajazett
his
cruel
Brother
.
IF
I
commit
a
crime
in
flying
for
Refuge
to
the
Christians
,
especially
to
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
,
the
mortal
enemies
of
our
Illustrious
Family
,
't
is
thou
who
art
the
only
cause
of
it
,
both
before
God
and
Men.
Thou
art
not
only
content
to
have
depriv'd
me
of
the
Empire
,
contrary
to
all
Laws
,
Divine
and
Humane
;
thou
enforcest
me
to
seek
an
ignominious
sanctuary
to
save
my
life
.
Had
Mahomet
foreseen
that
thou
wouldst
one
day
have
in
such
a
manner
disgrac'd
the
honour
of
the
Name
of
Mussulman
,
and
the
Ottoman
Race
,
he
would
have
been
thy
executioner
himself
.
But
I
hope
that
Heaven
will
revenge
me
of
thy
Tyranny
;
and
it
is
my
prayer
to
our
great
Prophet
,
to
hasten
the
punishment
which
thou
deservest
.
When
the
Horsemen
saw
that
the
Bark
was
out
of
their
reach
,
they
return'd
,
enrag'd
that
they
had
miss'd
their
prey
,
and
carri'd
the
Letter
to
Bajazett
.
The
Barbarian
could
not
refrain
from
tears
when
he
read
it
:
And
it
is
reported
that
he
was
seiz'd
with
a
terrour
when
he
had
consider'd
it
,
and
fell
into
a
deep
fit
of
malancholly
.
So
great
a
power
have
the
conceptions
of
Nature
and
Religion
,
at
certain
times
,
upon
minds
,
the
most
cruel
and
impious
.
In
the
mean
time
,
Zizim
,
who
had
heard
no
tidings
of
his
Embassadors
,
not
knowing
what
course
to
steer
,
nor
were
to
land
in
safety
,
wander'd
at
the
mercy
of
the
waves
and
winds
along
the
Coast
of
Lycia
,
at
what
time
he
discover'd
certain
Vessels
,
that
with
all
the
sail
they
could
,
seem'd
to
make
toward
him
.
Now
,
as
it
is
natural
to
the
unfortunate
to
be
afraid
of
every
thing
,
the
Prince
imagin'd
them
to
be
either
Pirates
,
or
such
as
had
a
design
upon
his
life
,
being
in
pursuit
of
him
by
his
Brothers
order
,
upon
which
he
commanded
the
Pilot
to
gain
the
first
landing-place
:
But
the
event
prov'd
to
him
that
he
had
had
a
false
alarum
.
For
they
whom
he
took
for
Pirates
and
Enemies
,
were
the
Ships
of
Rhodes
that
were
sent
to
seek
him
out
.
When
the
Vessels
were
within
sight
of
Lycia
,
Don
Alvarez
,
according
to
his
Instructions
,
sent
Zizim's
Embassadors
,
and
a
Knight
along
with
him
to
give
notice
of
his
Arrival
.
No
sooner
were
they
landed
,
but
perceiving
a
Bark
not
far
from
the
place
where
they
went
ashore
,
they
found
there
Zizim
himself
,
whom
they
thought
to
have
been
at
the
Court
of
the
Grand
Caraman
.
The
Embassadors
gave
him
an
accompt
of
the
favourable
Inclinations
of
the
Grand
Master
,
and
the
Knight
told
him
that
Don
Alvare
,
a
kinsman
of
the
Kings
of
Castile
,
Captain
General
of
the
Armies
of
the
Order
,
and
the
Grand
Masters
Lieutenant
,
was
come
on
purpose
to
conduct
him
safely
to
Rhodes
.
The
Prince
,
who
found
something
that
was
very
acceptable
in
so
strange
an
Adventure
,
and
who
perhaps
out
of
pride
,
would
not
at
first
confess
his
flight
and
his
fear
to
an
unknown
person
,
smartly
reply'd
,
that
not
questioning
the
generosity
of
the
Grand
Master
,
he
thought
it
convenient
rather
to
come
and
expect
him
upon
the
Coast
,
then
to
put
him
to
the
trouble
of
searching
after
him
.
After
which
the
Knight
returning
to
the
Brigantine
,
and
coming
up
with
the
Vessels
at
Sea
,
Don
Alvarez
made
to
the
Prince
himself
,
to
salute
him
in
his
own
Galley
.
He
presented
him
the
Grand
Masters
safe
conduct
and
Letter
,
and
then
carry'd
him
into
the
great
Ship
with
a
loud
noise
of
Trumpets
,
and
the
Thunder
of
the
Canon
.
The
Prior
of
Castile
was
one
of
those
Spaniards
,
who
being
rarely
bred
,
perfectly
understood
the
world
,
being
no
less
polite
then
dextrous
in
his
behaviour
;
and
therefore
he
faild
not
to
pay
Zizim
all
those
respects
and
offices
which
were
due
to
an
unfortunate
and
afflicted
Prince
.
For
though
ill
fortune
had
not
abated
the
courage
of
the
young
Sultan
,
it
had
however
somewhat
encreas'd
his
natural
melancholy
.
The
Procedure
of
Don
Alvare
affected
Zizim
in
such
a
manner
,
that
he
testified
at
first
how
sensible
he
was
of
his
kind
offices
,
and
gentle
services
.
Generous
Knight
,
said
he
,
in
loosing
a
Throne
,
I
have
not
lost
those
thoughts
which
Nature
bequeaths
to
the
most
barbarous
.
And
if
fortune
do
not
altogether
destine
me
to
misery
,
you
shall
find
that
I
was
not
born
ungrateful
.
But
I
see
your
generosity
is
altogether
pure
,
and
that
in
treating
an
Vnfortunate
so
worthily
,
you
only
seek
the
honour
of
doing
good
.
Yet
I
cannot
wonder
enough
,
added
he
,
that
so
much
civility
should
be
shewn
to
the
Son
of
the
most
implacable
enemy
Your
Order
ever
had
,
and
I
must
confess
,
that
therein
I
admire
your
ingenuity
.
Great
Prince
,
Repli'd
the
Knight
,
Reason
commands
that
we
should
give
honour
to
persons
of
high
birth
,
and
real
merit
,
whatever
their
condition
be
;
and
they
are
but
mean
souls
,
that
rather
follow
the
Fortunes
,
then
the
persons
of
Kings
.
You
are
forc'd
to
fly
ill
intreated
by
your
subjects
,
and
depriv'd
of
your
Dominious
,
but
you
are
still
a
King
,
you
are
still
Sultan
Zizim
.
We
receive
you
as
a
Prince
,
whose
virtue
and
misfortune
render
him
worthy
the
esteem
of
Christians
,
and
not
as
an
enemy
.
Nor
are
you
to
wonder
that
the
Grand
Master
entertains
in
this
manner
the
Son
of
an
Emperour
,
who
mortally
hated
us
.
Mahomet
your
Father
did
all
he
could
to
ruine
us
:
we
have
done
all
we
could
to
withstand
his
triumphant
Arms
,
and
by
the
mercy
of
God
we
obtain'd
a
signal
Victory
against
him
,
the
remembrance
of
which
After-Ages
will
preserve
.
The
Knights
of
Rhodes
know
how
to
vanquish
those
that
assail
them
;
but
they
know
how
to
relieve
with
humanity
those
that
cast
themselves
into
their
Protection
;
nor
are
there
any
Injuries
which
they
do
not
forget
,
when
their
enemies
are
no
longer
able
to
do
them
harm
.
The
Answer
of
Don
Alvares
convinc'd
Zizim
of
the
generosity
of
the
Knights
,
and
entirely
gain'd
his
confidence
.
The
Grand
Master
had
commanded
that
he
should
be
treated
like
the
Son
of
an
Emperour
and
a
King
.
To
which
purpose
the
Officers
that
first
serv'd
him
at
his
Table
,
made
an
Essay
of
the
meat
,
according
to
the
custom
of
the
Courts
of
Europe
.
Zizim
seem'd
to
be
surpriz'd
,
because
that
Ceremony
is
not
in
fashion
among
the
Turks
:
but
it
was
told
him
it
was
the
usual
practice
at
the
Tables
of
the
European
Princes
,
and
that
it
was
an
Assurance
against
poison
.
Oh!
said
he
,
I
am
not
afraid
of
being
poisoned
by
such
generous
Knights
as
you
;
I
have
put
my
life
and
fortune
into
your
hands
,
and
I
hold
my self
secure
.
Besides
,
I
had
rather
you
should
treat
me
as
a
friend
,
then
a
Prince
.
Concluding
those
words
,
he
took
something
out
of
every
dish
of
which
no
Essay
had
been
made
,
and
putting
all
the
meat
into
one
plate
,
he
began
to
eat
,
to
let
the
Knights
know
how
much
he
confided
in
them
.
After
that
he
began
to
be
more
gay
and
pleasant
,
while
the
good
entertainment
that
he
receiv'd
had
almost
made
him
forget
his
past
misfortunes
.
Nevertheless
,
when
the
Ships
were
under
sail
,
and
that
the
Coasts
of
Lycia
began
to
disappear
,
he
then
began
to
be
apprehensive
that
nothing
could
be
more
worthy
of
composition
then
a
fugitive
and
wandring
King
,
driven
to
seek
an
Asylum
in
the
territories
of
strangers
,
and
of
enemies
.
So
that
the
sad
thoughts
which
seiz'd
him
all
of
a
sudden
,
caus'd
him
to
be
profoundly
sad
for
some
hours
;
so
that
all
his
courage
was
but
little
enough
to
bring
him
to
his
former
humour
.
For
the
mean
while
the
Ship
kept
on
their
course
,
and
they
had
so
fortunate
a
passage
,
that
they
came
in
a
small
time
within
view
of
Rhodes
.
Don
Alvarez
speeded
before
in
a
Brigantine
,
to
give
the
Grand
Master
notice
of
the
Prince's
arrival
.
All
things
were
already
order'd
for
his
Entry
;
and
among
the
rest
of
the
preparations
,
there
was
a
bridge
of
wood
,
which
reach'd
from
the
gate
of
the
Port
,
above
ten
paces
into
the
Sea
,
to
the
very
place
where
the
Ship
that
carri'd
Zizim
was
to
lye
.
The
most
ancient
Commanders
which
the
Grand
Master
sent
before
to
meet
the
Prince
,
receiv'd
him
with
all
the
respect
which
was
due
to
the
Son
of
their
Emperour
Mahomet
.
So
that
while
the
Artillery
play'd
from
all
parts
,
he
pass'd
over
the
Bridge
which
was
cover'd
with
cloth
of
Gold
,
in
the
midst
of
the
Acclamations
of
the
people
,
whom
curiosity
had
drawn
to
the
shoar
.
From
whence
,
after
he
had
mounted
a
Spanish
Courser
,
richly
harnessed
,
he
rode
forward
to
the
Great
Piazza
,
with
the
sound
of
fifes
and
Trumpets
,
conducted
by
Don
Alvarez
,
who
did
him
the
Office
of
a
Squire
.
The
Streets
were
all
strew'd
with
herbs
&
flowers
,
and
an
infinite
number
of
people
fill'd
the
plat-forms
and
windows
.
Zizim
,
entring
into
the
City
,
was
smitten
with
the
beauty
which
appear'd
there
very
rich
in
habit
,
as
well
to
see
as
to
be
seen
,
and
with
a
loud
voice
he
spoke
it
,
that
it
was
not
for
nothing
that
the
Rhodian
women
were
accounted
the
fairest
of
all
Asia
.
At
the
same
time
that
the
Ship
which
carry'd
Zizim
entred
the
Port
,
the
Grand
Master
march'd
out
of
the
Castle
with
a
pompous
train
,
and
in
very
good
order
.
He
was
attended
by
a
troop
of
young
Knights
,
very
richly
habited
,
and
mounted
upon
horses
of
high
price
.
The
Officers
of
the
Order
follow'd
them
;
every
one
wearing
about
their
necks
a
Chain
of
Gold
,
going
two
and
two
,
with
countenances
wherein
there
was
both
haughtiness
and
modesty
mixed
together
.
The
Grand
Master
appear'd
at
last
,
apparell'd
in
Tissue
of
Gold
,
embroider'd
with
precious
stones
,
mounted
upon
a
Neopolitan
Steed
,
whose
harness
was
all
embroider'd
with
Gold
and
Silver
.
The
Squires
and
Pages
that
follow'd
him
,
were
no
less
remarkable
for
the
splendour
of
their
habits
and
furniture
,
then
for
their
goodly
presences
,
and
dexterity
in
the
management
of
their
Horses
.
But
there
appear'd
an
Air
so
noble
,
and
something
so
majestick
in
the
person
of
the
Grand
Master
,
that
he
was
easily
distinguish'd
from
the
rest
of
the
company
.
A
great
body
of
Horse
clos'd
up
the
Rear
of
the
Retinue
.
The
Grand
Master
stopp'd
before
the
Church
of
St.
Sebastian
,
and
put
his
men
in
order
in
the
Piaz
,
expecting
the
approach
of
the
Sultan
.
So
soon
as
Zizim
perceiv'd
the
Grand
Master
,
who
was
shew'd
him
by
Don
Alvarez
,
though
he
were
remarkable
enough
in
many
other
respects
,
he
saluted
him
according
to
the
manner
of
the
Turks
,
by
putting
his
finger
three
times
upon
his
mouth
.
The
Grand
Master
on
his
part
making
a
low
obeysance
,
advanc'd
toward
him
,
and
making
a
second
bow
,
gave
him
a
very
civil
complement
in
Italian
,
which
was
answer'd
by
the
Prince
with
a
good
grace
,
and
in
expressions
full
of
good
sense
.
After
that
they
gave
their
hands
each
to
other
,
and
having
repeated
some
few
more
words
of
friendship
and
kindness
,
they
march'd
together
to
the
French
Lodgings
which
were
prepar'd
for
the
Prince
The
Grand
Master
,
when
they
began
to
set
forward
,
gave
him
the
upper
hand
,
but
Zizim
,
making
some
reflexions
upon
it
,
would
not
permit
it
at
first
.
I
am
your
Captive
,
said
he
,
and
it
becomes
not
a
Captive
to
take
the
place
of
honour
.
Sir
,
answer'd
the
Grand
Master
,
Captives
of
your
condition
,
preserve
their
dignity
in
all
places
,
and
I
would
to
God
you
had
as
much
power
in
Constantinople
as
you
have
in
Rhodes
.
As
to
the
rest
,
Zizim
appear'd
neither
merry
nor
sad
,
during
the
whole
Calvacade
.
He
carry'd
the
look
of
a
person
,
who
had
the
proof
both
at
one
time
of
good
and
bad
fortune
;
or
like
one
that
believ'd
himself
worthy
of
the
honours
which
were
done
him
.
He
seem'd
however
to
be
highly
pleas'd
with
the
behaviour
of
the
Knights
;
and
when
he
alighted
from
his
Horse
,
he
embrac'd
the
Grand
Master
with
a
very
tender
affection
,
calling
him
several
times
his
Protector
and
Father
.
That
day
,
and
for
some
daies
following
,
they
had
several
particular
discourses
upon
the
present
condition
of
Affairs
;
but
all
that
time
abstain'd
from
particular
conferences
.
However
,
there
was
nothing
omitted
for
the
divertisement
of
the
young
Sultan
,
so
that
there
was
nothing
to
be
seen
at
Rhodes
but
Hunting-matches
,
Runing
at
the
Ring
,
Shews
,
and
magnificent
Feasts
.
But
all
these
divertisements
did
not
compleat
the
repose
of
the
Prince's
mind
.
For
though
he
were
not
afraid
of
the
Knights
,
he
could
not
think
himself
in
safety
in
a
place
full
of
Greeks
,
and
so
neer
the
Turks
;
and
what
was
more
the
proceedings
of
the
Port
,
daily
encreas'd
his
disquiet
and
his
fears
.
At
the
beginning
of
those
divisions
which
turmoil'd
the
Ottoman
Empire
,
after
the
death
of
Mahomet
,
Bajazett
was
afraid
that
it
would
not
go
well
with
his
affairs
,
so
long
as
he
was
not
in
friendship
with
the
Grand
Master
▪
however
he
could
not
condescend
to
demand
peace
himself
.
There
to
save
his
reputation
,
he
dealt
in
private
with
the
Sub-Basha
▪
De
Pizzona
,
who
was
come
over
to
his
Party
,
and
was
Governour
of
Lycia
.
The
Sub-Basha
sent
an
Embassador
to
Rhodes
,
with
instructions
not
to
speak
of
Bajazett
,
but
only
to
manage
a
truce
between
the
people
of
Lycia
and
the
Rhodians
,
believing
that
a
Peace
would
easily
follow
a
Truce
.
But
the
Embassy
not
having
that
success
which
was
expected
,
Bajazett
made
use
of
Achmat
to
carry
on
his
design
.
The
Basha
,
as
jealous
of
the
honour
of
the
Sultan
,
as
the
Governour
of
Lycia
,
wrote
,
as
from
his
Supream
a
very
yielding
Letter
to
engage
the
Grand
Master
to
an
accommodation
,
and
entrusted
Lasim
Brahim
for
his
Agent
▪
with
the
Letter
.
The
Grand
Master
thought
himself
obliged
to
hear
the
Propositions
of
Achmat
,
as
well
for
the
love
of
his
people
,
who
stood
in
need
of
rest
after
the
toils
of
so
long
a
war
,
as
for
the
honour
of
the
Order
,
to
whom
a
Treaty
could
not
be
but
advantageous
,
that
mention'd
nothing
of
Tribute
.
The
Reception
of
Zizim
,
made
Bajazet
impatient
of
a
conclusion
of
peace
.
Upon
which
Achmat
urg'd
it
more
and
more
by
his
Minister
Lasim
Brahim
.
He
offer'd
also
that
the
Grand
Signior
should
sign
whatever
the
Knights
desir'd
,
and
for
a
pledge
of
his
real
intentions
,
he
restor'd
all
the
Vessels
of
the
Order
which
had
been
taken
since
the
Truce
by
the
Pyrates
of
Lycia
.
All
these
condescentions
of
the
Port
,
so
different
from
the
Ottoman
Haughtiness
,
more
then
ever
alarum'd
Prince
Zizim
.
He
imagin'd
with
himself
,
that
his
Brother
was
not
so
desirous
of
peace
,
but
only
that
he
might
have
an
occasion
to
destroy
him
;
and
that
when
Trade
should
be
free
between
the
Rhodians
&
Turks
,
he
should
be
in
daily
fear
of
either
being
stabb'd
or
poison'd
:
and
that
the
runagate
Greeks
so
accustom'd
to
treachery
and
murther
,
would
omit
nothing
to
serve
Bajazett
to
good
purpose
.
In
the
midst
of
these
thoughts
he
resolv'd
to
seek
a
Sanctuary
elsewhere
,
to
preserve
himself
from
a
violent
death
,
to
which
purpose
he
open'd
his
mind
to
the
Grand
Master
,
in
whom
he
put
an
entire
confidence
.
The
Grand
Master
found
that
Zizim
offer'd
nothing
but
reason
;
yet
because
the
affair
was
of
great
impotance
,
he
resolv'd
to
have
the
advice
of
his
Council
,
before
he
gave
the
Prince
a
positive
answer
.
Among
them
,
Opinions
were
different
,
while
some
affirm'd
that
it
was
for
the
interest
and
honour
of
the
Order
to
keep
the
Prince
;
that
Bajazett
durst
not
refuse
the
Knights
any
thing
,
or
make
any
attempt
upon
them
,
while
Zizim
remain'd
at
Rhodes
;
that
when
he
was
out
of
their
power
,
they
could
expect
nothing
but
a
cruel
war
,
or
a
very
disadvantageous
peace
.
That
by
all
the
rules
of
prudence
they
were
to
lay
hold
upon
so
fair
an
occasion
;
or
at
least
before
the
retreat
of
the
Sultan
,
they
were
to
make
an
honourable
agreement
with
the
Port.
As
for
the
safety
of
the
Prince
,
they
might
easily
secure
it
,
by
affording
him
a
sufficient
Guard
,
there
being
very
few
Assassinates
that
would
atattempt
the
persons
of
great
men
,
at
the
hazard
of
their
own
lives
.
The
more
disinterested
,
and
the
wiser
sort
were
of
a
contrary
judgment
,
that
a
removal
was
the
only
way
to
preserve
Sultan
Zizim
from
the
misfortunes
that
threatned
him
:
that
war
did
no
way
secure
him
,
that
after
a
refusal
of
Peace
with
the
Turks
,
they
had
no
way
to
secure
him
from
poison
or
assassination
,
while
treason
enters
every
where
,
and
the
fidelity
of
servants
and
guards
is
not
proof
against
any
large
sum
of
money
.
That
while
Bajazet
sought
to
get
him
into
his
power
by
all
the
waies
imaginable
,
they
could
neither
surrender
him
without
betraying
their
faith
given
,
nor
keep
him
without
drawing
upon
themselves
the
indignation
of
the
Sultan
.
Zizim
,
who
saw
that
his
affairs
would
spin
out
too
much
time
,
unless
he
determin'd
something
speedily
,
and
well
enough
understood
the
danger
of
delay
,
press'd
the
Grand
Master
to
give
him
his
liberty
to
be
gone
,
and
conjur'd
him
to
permit
him
that
he
might
go
to
the
King
of
France
,
as
being
the
person
most
capable
to
protect
him
against
the
Tyranny
of
his
Brother
.
For
besides
that
he
guess'd
at
the
French
Humour
,
by
the
behaviour
of
the
Grand
Master
,
he
had
heard
frequent
discourses
of
their
generosity
;
nor
did
he
question
but
that
the
successors
of
Clovis
and
Charlemaigne
,
whose
famous
deeds
he
had
read
,
would
take
delight
in
restoring
a
Prince
to
his
Throne
.
The
Grand
Master
could
not
withstand
neither
the
reasons
,
nor
the
powerful
instances
of
Zizim
.
He
approv'd
his
determination
touching
his
retreat
into
France
.
But
that
which
made
him
approve
it
the
more
,
was
that
he
thought
that
Zizim
ran
no
hazard
in
a
Countrey
which
produc'd
no
Monsters
,
and
where
poison
was
unknown
.
So
that
the
safety
of
a
poor
Prince
who
had
thrown
himself
into
the
Arms
of
the
Knights
,
made
the
Grand
Master
in
some
measure
forget
his
own
Interests
,
and
those
of
his
people
;
for
not
troubling
himself
about
the
ill
consequences
that
so
hasty
a
Retreat
might
draw
after
it
,
he
gave
all
orders
necessary
for
the
Voyage
into
France
.
He
redoubl'd
at
the
same
time
his
civilties
to
the
Sultan
,
and
the
eeve
before
his
departure
made
him
a
most
magnicent
Feast
.
Zizim
admir'd
more
then
once
the
variety
and
dressing
of
the
meat
,
and
the
order
of
the
service
,
confessing
that
the
magnificence
of
the
Ottoman
Emperours
had
nothing
so
sumptuous
.
During
the
feast
there
was
a
noble
consort
of
musick
,
and
among
the
rest
of
the
Musicians
an
English
man
,
who
sung
rarely
,
and
plaid
upon
a
certain
unusual
Instrument
compos'd
of
four
Pipes
joyn'd
together
,
charming
all
the
company
,
except
the
Prince
,
whose
ears
were
not
accustom'd
to
such
sweet
musick
.
Whereupon
the
Grand
Master
who
perceiv'd
it
,
and
sate
alone
at
the
Table
with
him
,
sent
for
a
Turkish
Slave
,
whom
he
thought
would
better
please
him
.
This
Slave
,
singing
a
Turkish
Air
,
and
playing
upon
I
know
not
what
sort
of
Instrument
,
making
faces
,
and
using
ridiculous
postures
,
delighted
Zizim
so
well
,
that
he
caus'd
him
to
laugh
heartily
.
He
eat
plentifully
and
as
strict
as
he
was
in
the
observation
of
his
Law
,
he
drank
wine
sometimes
mix'd
with
Aromatick
juices
,
and
sometimes
neat
without
any
composition
.
The
Feast
was
in
the
Grand
Master's
Palace
,
where
they
sate
upon
two
Chairs
with
a
Table
before
them
,
after
the
fashion
of
Europe
;
but
that
posture
was
uneasie
to
the
Sultan
,
who
was
wont
to
eat
cross-legg'd
,
so
that
he
cast
his
eyes
up
and
down
to
see
if
no
body
observ'd
his
disturbance
.
But
after
all
these
lesser
observations
,
Zizim
was
extraordinarily
satisfi'd
with
the
marks
of
friendship
which
he
receiv'd
from
the
Grand
Master
during
his
stay
at
Rhodes
;
he
return'd
him
thanks
several
times
;
and
as
a
testimony
of
his
gratitude
,
he
caus'd
three
Authentick
Acts
to
be
forthwith
made
ready
,
which
he
put
into
the
Grand
Master's
hands
.
The
first
was
an
absolute
power
for
him
to
conclude
a
Peace
with
the
Port
,
as
he
should
see
good
.
The
second
was
a
kind
of
a
Manifesto
for
the
discharge
of
the
Knights
,
by
which
the
Prince
declar'd
that
he
had
earnestly
desir'd
to
go
out
of
Rhodes
,
and
to
be
conducted
into
France
:
which
is
alone
enough
to
justifie
the
Grand
Master
,
whom
some
ill-meaning
,
or
ill-inform'd
people
have
blam'd
for
letting
the
Prince
go
.
The
third
Act
was
a
perpetual
confederation
of
the
Prince
with
the
Order
,
in
case
he
should
ever
come
to
be
restor'd
to
the
Dominions
and
Territories
of
his
Ancestors
.
This
last
Act
is
so
much
for
the
honour
of
the
Grand
Master
,
and
so
highly
manifests
the
acknowledgment
of
Zizim
,
that
I
thought
it
might
not
be
troublesom
to
the
Reader
to
see
it
.
Let
all
the
world
know
that
King
Zizim
,
of
the
Race
of
the
Ottomans
,
Son
of
the
invincible
Mahomet
▪
King
of
Kings
,
and
Soveraign
Emperour
of
Greece
and
Asia
,
is
infinitely
beholding
to
the
thrice
generous
,
and
thrice
illustrious
,
the
Lord
Peter
D'Aubusson
,
Grand
Master
of
Rhodes
.
Let
all
the
world
also
know
that
for
the
kind
Offices
he
hath
shewn
me
in
the
most
perilous
adventures
of
my
life
,
and
to
testifie
my
acknowledgment
as
far
as
the
present
condition
of
my
fortune
will
give
me
leave
,
I
promise
solemnly
to
God
and
our
Great
Prophet
,
that
if
I
ever
recover
either
absolutely
or
in
part
,
the
Imperial
Crown
of
my
Father
,
I
promise
,
I
say
,
and
swear
to
hold
a
perpetual
friendship
,
and
inviolable
peace
with
the
Grand
Master
and
his
successours
according
to
the
Articles
following
.
In
the
first
place
I
engage
my self
,
my
children
,
and
the
children
of
my
children
to
have
an
eternal
kindness
for
the
order
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
so
that
neither
I
,
nor
my
children
shall
do
them
any
injury
either
by
Sea
or
Land
.
That
we
will
be
so
far
from
stopping
the
Vessels
or
disturbing
the
commerce
of
the
Merchants
of
Rhodes
,
or
of
any
other
Ilands
appertaining
to
the
Order
,
that
our
ports
shall
be
free
to
them
in
all
the
Provinces
under
our
obedience
,
as
if
they
themselves
were
our
subjects
;
or
rather
we
will
entertain
them
as
our
friends
,
permitting
them
to
buy
,
sell
,
or
transport
what
Merchandize
they
please
,
without
paying
any
custom
,
or
duty
.
Besides
this
,
I
consent
that
the
Grand
Master
shall
every
year
take
out
of
my
Territories
three
hundred
Christians
of
both
sexes
,
and
at
what
age
he
pleases
,
to
put
into
the
Islands
of
the
order
,
or
to
do
with
them
what
he
thinkes
best
.
And
in
some
measure
to
make
satisfaction
for
the
expences
which
the
Grand
Master
has
bin
at
,
and
every
day
so
liberally
allows
for
my
sake
,
I
oblige
my self
to
pay
in
ready
mony
a
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
Crowns
in
Gold
.
Lastly
I
promise
upon
oath
to
restore
him
all
the
Isles
,
all
the
Lands
,
and
all
the
Fortresses
which
the
Ottoman
Emperours
have
taken
from
the
order
.
And
for
a
testimony
that
this
is
my
will
,
I
have
sign'd
with
my
hand
,
and
seald
with
my
seal
this
present
Act
given
at
Rhodes
in
the
palace
of
the
French
Apartiment
the
fift
of
the
month
Regeb
,
the
year
of
the
Hegira
,
887.
The
31.
Of
August
in
the
Year
of
grace
,
1482.
The
third
of
September
which
was
the
day
that
the
Prince
took
shipping
,
he
was
attended
to
the
Sea
with
the
same
Pomp
,
and
the
same
ceremonie
,
with
which
he
was
receiv'd
.
He
took
his
leave
of
the
principal
Knights
,
after
a
most
obliging
manner
,
wherin
there
appear'd
nothing
of
Barbarism
.
He
also
laid
aside
all
his
haughtiness
,
when
he
gave
the
Grand
Master
his
last
farewel
:
For
it
is
reported
that
he
threw
himself
at
his
feet
,
and
kiss'd
his
hand
with
a
profound
respect
.
The
Grand
Master
tenderly
embrac'd
him
,
and
wept
for
some
time
over
him
either
through
compassion
,
or
through
some
secret
dictate
that
he
should
never
see
him
again
.
The
Knight
de
Blanchefort
,
who
was
return'd
to
Rhodes
since
the
raising
of
the
seige
,
&
the
Knight
de
Rochechenard
had
order
to
conduct
the
Sultan
into
France
,
not
to
mention
the
Knights
who
were
nam'd
to
accompany
him
,
and
to
serve
him
as
a
convoy
;
but
they
enter'd
all
together
with
Zizim
into
the
great
ship
of
the
order
,
and
set
saile
the
same
day
with
a
favourable
wind
.
The
Grand
Master
,
who
had
already
given
advice
to
the
Pope
of
the
arrival
of
the
Ottoman
Prince
,
gave
him
also
notice
of
his
departure
by
this
opportunity
,
and
sent
him
word
in
particular
,
that
Zizim
of
his
own
accord
had
made
choice
of
France
for
the
security
of
his
life
:
that
he
had
good
ground
for
his
fears
;
in
regard
that
for
the
forty
dayes
that
he
had
stay'd
in
Rhodes
he
was
certainly
enformd
that
the
Grand
signiour
had
us'd
all
his
endeavours
either
to
take
or
murder
him
.
The
departure
of
the
Prince
did
not
work
that
ill
effect
which
some
were
afraid
of
.
For
though
Bajazet
was
soon
inform'd
of
what
had
pass'd
,
yet
he
desir'd
peace
with
the
same
earnestness
as
before
;
because
he
always
lookt
upon
the
Grand
Master
as
the
Arbiter
of
the
Sultan
his
Brothers
fortune
.
So
that
the
Embassadours
that
departed
for
Constantinople
the
next
day
after
Prince
Zizim
was
gon
,
were
honourably
receiv'd
by
the
Grand
Signiour
,
and
the
peace
had
bin
presently
concluded
,
had
not
the
pride
of
Achmat
put
a
stop
to
it
.
This
Basha
,
equally
proud
&
cuning
,
who
in
his
letters
had
given
a
blank
paper
to
the
Grand
Master
,
could
not
endure
that
the
first
proposition
which
the
Embassadours
made
should
be
that
no
mention
should
be
made
of
Tribute
.
He
brake
forth
upon
that
subject
with
a
haughtiness
,
which
made
him
almost
forget
the
respect
to
the
sacred
Persons
of
the
Ministers
of
Soveraign
Princes
.
The
Knight
Guy
de
Mont
Amaud
,
who
was
one
of
the
Embassadours
,
and
who
in
his
instructions
had
express
order
to
bear
up
briskly
against
the
Basha
,
took
him
up
short
,
and
spoke
to
him
with
that
sharpness
,
that
had
absolutely
broke
off
the
Negotiation
,
if
Misach
Paleologus
,
who
was
at
the
conference
,
had
not
allay'd
their
passions
.
After
the
death
of
Mahomet
he
was
returned
to
the
port
,
and
had
gain'd
the
favour
of
Bajazet
,
by
espousing
his
Interest
.
He
,
well
acquainted
with
the
humour
of
the
Knights
,
and
having
prov'd
to
his
cost
,
the
constancy
of
the
Grand
Master
,
knew
it
was
in
vain
for
Achmat
to
contend
so
obstinately
upon
the
point
of
tribute
,
and
told
him
his
reasons
breifly
,
though
in
the
Turkish
language
,
that
the
Embassadours
might
not
understand
him
.
The
Knight
Leonard
Duprat
,
who
was
the
other
Embassadour
,
and
understood
Turkish
,
understanding
the
Basha's
discourse
,
and
repeating
it
in
French
to
the
Knight
de
Mont
Amaud
,
was
the
occasion
,
that
both
standing
stifly
to
their
principles
,
Achmats
heat
began
to
cool
,
so
that
of
himself
he
began
to
give
way
to
their
demands
.
Bajazet
promised
not
only
to
live
in
good
amity
with
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
,
but
not
to
trouble
the
rest
of
the
Christians
.
The
Grand
Master
undertook
for
his
part
,
to
keep
Zizim
always
in
the
power
of
the
Knigths
,
and
to
endeavour
all
he
could
that
the
Sultan
should
not
fall
into
the
hands
of
any
Prince
either
Christian
or
Infidel
.
Upon
this
the
peace
was
concluded
according
to
the
Articles
which
the
Embassadours
propos'd
;
and
it
may
be
said
that
never
was
any
Accommodation
made
with
the
Port
,
either
more
honourable
or
more
profitable
to
Christendom
.
That
which
was
most
remarkable
and
extraordinary
was
that
Bajazet
engag'd
himself
,
either
through
weakness
or
Policie
,
to
pay
the
Grand
Master
a
kind
of
Tribute
.
To
this
purpose
he
sent
to
Rhodes
Cagritaim
,
his
principal
favourite
▪
and
the
two
Knights
bestirrd
themselves
so
well
,
that
they
carry'd
him
along
with
them
upon
their
return
.
Cagritaim
declar'd
in
full
councel
,
that
the
Port
would
pay
to
the
order
thirty
five
thousand
Duckets
,
money
of
Venice
,
for
the
subsistence
of
Zizim
,
and
besides
that
,
the
Grand
Signiour
would
pay
every
year
to
the
Grand
Master
in
particular
ten
thousand
Duckets
,
to
make
him
amends
in
some
measure
for
the
excessive
charges
he
had
bin
at
in
the
last
war
.
Achmat
,
who
was
the
proudest
person
in
the
world
,
and
one
that
mortally
hated
the
Christians
,
especially
the
Grand
Master
and
the
Knights
,
could
not
brook
this
condesciention
in
the
Grand
Signor
:
He
accus'd
him
of
lowness
of
Spirit
,
and
cowardice
;
he
murmur'd
in
publick
,
and
made
sharpe
scoffs
upon
it
.
Bajazet
,
who
for
some
time
before
began
to
grow
jealous
of
the
Basha
,
as
of
a
person
that
did
not
love
any
thing
more
then
war
;
and
was
therefore
likely
to
take
Zizims
part
,
took
these
murmuors
and
rebukes
for
the
symptomes
of
a
revolt
:
And
believ'd
that
only
the
death
of
such
a
dangerous
enemy
could
break
his
designs
.
True
it
is
that
he
owd
to
him
for
the
Crown
;
but
usually
great
benefits
are
look'd
upon
as
crimes
:
&
weak
Princes
often
find
their
safety
in
the
destruction
of
those
that
rais'd
them
,
and
are
able
to
pull
them
down
again
.
So
soon
as
the
peace
was
concluded
between
the
Knights
and
the
Turkes
,
the
Grand
Signiour
put
to
death
this
famous
Basha
at
a
Magnificent
feast
,
where
were
all
the
grandees
of
the
Port
,
and
where
Bajazet
was
present
himself
.
The
discourse
of
the
table
falling
upon
the
Peace
,
and
Zizim
,
Bajazet
to
provoke
Achmat
,
and
to
engage
him
to
speak
somthing
to
be
layd
hold
on
,
publickly
declar'd
that
he
would
lessen
the
Souldiers
pay
,
and
deprive
the
Grandees
of
the
port
of
their
emploiments
that
were
not
loyal
to
their
lawful
Prince
.
The
Basha
,
who
well
understood
that
those
words
concern'd
him
,
presently
took
fire
,
and
went
so
high
in
the
heat
of
the
debauchery
,
as
to
tell
the
Grand
Signor
that
it
was
but
an
ill
way
to
establish
a
throne
to
provoke
the
Souldiery
;
and
that
the
Ottom
in
Monarcks
were
not
assur'd
of
their
Empires
,
so
long
as
they
had
Brothers
alive
.
He
had
no
sooner
spoke
the
words
,
but
a
mute
instructed
before
gave
him
six
stabs
with
a
poignard
.
Others
say
that
after
the
feast
was
over
,
Bajazet
who
loved
wine
,
kept
Achmat
to
drink
with
him
alone
,
under
pretence
of
friendship
,
and
that
seeing
him
half
drunk
he
commanded
two
Eunuches
to
strangle
him
.
However
,
it
were
Cagritaim
succeeded
at
the
Port
in
his
place
,
though
he
had
neither
the
merit
nor
experience
;
but
he
knew
perfectly
how
to
humour
Bajazet
,
who
only
minded
●ase
.
In
the
mean
while
,
the
Grand
Master
,
who
made
little
accompt
of
the
friendship
of
the
Infidels
,
of
whose
perfidiousness
he
had
a
thousand
times
experienc'd
;
and
for
that
the
person
of
Zizim
seem
very
proper
for
him
to
make
use
of
in
case
of
a
rupture
,
he
apply'd
himself
wholly
to
make
a
league
between
the
Christian
Princes
against
the
common
enemy
.
He
wrought
several
Letters
to
them
,
he
sent
them
perticular
Agents
to
let
them
understand
that
there
was
never
a
fairer
opportunity
to
ruin
the
Ottoman
Empire
,
or
at
least
to
weak'n
it
very
much
;
that
Zizim
at
the
head
of
a
croisade
world
do
as
much
as
many
Armies
together
,
that
the
death
of
Achmat
had
depriv'd
the
Turkes
of
the
most
able
Minister
,
and
the
most
valiant
Captain
,
that
perhaps
they
ever
had
.
That
the
Grand
Caraman
,
and
other
Princes
of
Asia
expected
only
when
Europe
would
move
,
to
declare
themselves
;
and
in
short
,
that
all
the
present
conjunctures
renderd
that
enterprize
easie
,
which
was
so
difficult
of
it self
.
But
I
know
not
by
what
fatality
,
if
it
were
not
rather
the
Incomprehensible
disposal
of
providence
,
the
Christian
world
,
was
not
at
all
enclin'd
to
take
advantage
of
the
opportunity
which
Heaven
it self
seem'd
to
put
into
their
hands
.
All
Italy
was
then
divided
.
The
King
of
Naples
,
the
Duke
of
Milan
,
and
the
Florentines
were
in
arms
against
the
Pope
and
the
common
wealth
of
Venice
.
France
was
notess
in
trouble
after
the
death
of
Lewis
the
11th
.
The
party
of
malecontents
stirr'd
up
by
the
Duke
of
Orleans
who
pretended
to
the
regency
,
and
by
the
Count
of
Angoulism
his
cousin
,
had
excited
troubles
over
all
the
Kingdom
.
Besides
the
French
desir'd
quiet
at
home
,
only
that
they
might
be
at
leasure
for
the
conquest
Naples
.
And
young
Charles
the
8th
.
Who
naturally
loved
honour
,
made
that
the
aim
of
all
his
ambition
.
The
war
of
the
Moors
made
work
enough
in
Spain
.
And
the
bad
correspondence
which
daily
encreas'd
between
the
Emperour
Frederick
,
and
Matthias
Corvin
,
King
of
Hungary
prevented
them
from
uniting
together
against
the
Turk
,
so
that
all
the
designs
of
the
Grand
Master
vanish'd
in
smoak
,
and
with
all
his
zeal
he
had
only
the
greife
to
effect
nothing
.
But
if
the
Christian
Princes
were
not
in
a
condition
to
make
use
of
the
person
of
Zizim
for
the
common
good
of
Christendom
,
they
were
no
less
disappointed
in
making
advantage
of
him
for
their
particular
Interests
.
How
importunate
soever
the
most
part
of
them
were
to
have
him
,
the
Grand
Master
would
never
give
his
consent
,
and
his
orders
were
so
well
observ'd
in
that
particular
,
that
the
order
of
St.
John
was
always
the
Mistress
of
him
.
Zizim
being
arriv'd
in
France
,
the
King
receiv'd
him
but
coldly
,
either
because
that
France
would
by
no
means
embroil
themselves
with
the
Port
,
just
before
the
expedition
against
Naples
,
or
else
because
they
fear'd
that
an
honourable
reception
,
was
an
engagement
too
high
in
the
entertaining
a
Turkish
Prince
,
so
that
he
stay'd
but
a
very
little
while
at
Court
,
the
Knights
conducting
him
to
the
commander
of
Bourgneus
,
this
was
a
place
upon
the
confines
of
Poicton
and
March
,
pleasently
situated
,
where
the
Grand
Priers
of
Auvergne
kept
their
Residence
.
The
Knight
Blanchefort
,
with
whom
the
Grand
Master
had
particularly
entrusted
the
person
of
Zizim
,
took
care
that
the
Prince
should
not
be
presently
displeased
.
He
gave
him
all
the
honour
that
his
birth
deserv'd
,
and
shew'd
him
all
the
sports
and
pastimes
that
the
Country
could
afford
.
But
notwithstanding
all
these
civilities
,
the
Knight
Blanchefort
omitted
not
to
have
an
eye
upon
the
Prince
,
and
to
keep
a
strong
guard
about
him
,
to
hinder
those
that
sought
for
him
from
getting
him
into
their
hands
either
by
cunning
or
force
.
But
as
the
love
of
liberty
is
more
natural
to
Princes
then
to
other
men
,
Zizim
soon
perceiv'd
that
he
was
watch'd
too
narrowly
.
That
reflexion
made
him
suspect
the
diligences
of
the
Knights
,
and
caus'd
him
to
think
that
he
was
rather
kept
as
a
prisoner
then
a
Prince
.
He
testify'd
his
displeasure
at
it
,
which
caus'd
those
reports
that
ran
about
the
world
in
prejudice
of
the
Grand
Master's
honour
.
They
gave
out
that
it
was
a
violation
of
the
publick
faith
to
retain
Zizim
in
prison
against
his
will
.
That
the
Knights
had
sold
his
liberty
to
the
Ottoman
Port
for
forty
thousand
Ducats
a
year
;
and
that
it
was
therefore
no
wonder
they
had
such
a
strict
eye
over
him
.
That
such
a
prisoner
was
a
treasure
for
them
,
and
that
their
insatiable
avarice
made
them
foget
the
more
holy
duties
of
civil
society
.
They
that
thus
discours'd
either
through
jealousy
,
or
else
judging
by
outward
appearances
,
did
not
consider
that
at
a
time
when
all
Europe
was
in
an
uproar
,
there
was
nothing
more
to
be
done
for
the
good
of
Christendom
,
nor
for
the
safety
of
Zizim
,
then
what
the
Grand
Master
did
▪
And
had
they
been
well
inform'd
of
all
the
snares
that
the
Grand
Signiour
laid
for
Zizim
,
they
would
then
have
chang'd
their
Opinion
,
and
found
that
the
Knights
that
so
guarded
him
were
the
true
defenders
of
his
life
,
and
of
his
liberty
.
Nor
had
Zizim
reason
to
complain
of
the
conduct
of
the
Grand
Master
as
well
in
reference
to
him
▪
self
,
as
the
Ottoman
Port
;
for
in
desiring
a
safe
conduct
of
him
,
he
expressly
declar'd
that
he
intended
to
follow
his
counsel
and
orders
in
every
thing
,
so
that
by
the
consent
of
Zizims
Imbassadours
the
safe
conduct
was
dispatched
upon
that
condition
,
as
the
Grand
Master
observ'd
in
a
Letter
which
he
wrote
to
Pope
sextus
the
4th
.
Besides
the
Sultan
had
given
the
Grand
Master
a
sufficient
liberty
to
treat
with
the
Grand
Master
as
he
pleas'd
himself
,
and
it
was
by
vertue
of
that
liberty
that
the
Grand
Master
had
concern'd
Zizim
in
the
treaty
of
peace
.
As
for
the
thirty
thousand
Ducats
,
certain
it
is
,
that
the
money
was
spent
in
maintenance
of
Zizim
.
By
which
the
Grand
Master
was
so
far
from
getting
any
profit
,
that
he
made
an
addition
to
it
out
of
his
own
revenue
.
Which
may
be
easily
thought
to
be
true
,
considering
with
what
royal
magnificence
the
Ottoman
Prince
was
always
entertain'd
▪
not
to
mention
the
infinite
expences
of
receiving
and
sending
Embassadours
.
But
Zizim's
discontent
lasted
not
long
.
For
the
Knights
made
him
soon
to
understand
that
the
Guard
that
was
upon
him
,
was
against
his
Enemies
,
and
not
him
.
Thus
being
quitted
of
his
suspitions
,
and
perswaded
more
then
ever
of
the
friendship
of
the
Grand
Master
,
he
complain'd
no
more
but
of
his
bad
fortune
that
had
reduc'd
him
to
a
country
and
solitary
life
.
Now
the
peace
between
the
order
and
the
Fort
having
open'd
a
freedom
to
trade
,
several
Turkish
Vesselss
came
to
Rhodes
.
And
most
of
the
Turks
that
Landed
,
were
so
taken
with
the
beauty
of
the
Rhodian
women
,
that
they
spar'd
for
nothing
to
satisfy
their
desires
.
This
glister
of
Gold
grew
such
a
temptation
,
that
several
of
the
Rhodians
without
regard
to
the
Christian
law
,
or
their
own
,
yeilded
themselves
to
the
Mahometans
.
But
the
Grand
Master
abhorring
such
a
shameful
prostitution
,
and
to
stop
the
torrent
of
such
a
scandal
,
condemn'd
the
Christian
women
that
were
convicted
of
such
a
crime
as
lying
with
a
Turk
,
a
Moore
,
or
a
Jew
,
to
be
burnt
alive
,
and
he
order'd
the
punishment
to
extend
to
the
very
procurers
of
that
infamous
familiarity
.
Some
while
after
the
Grand
Master
made
a
regulation
upon
Sultan
Zizim's
accompt
.
For
considering
how
much
it
concern'd
the
honour
of
the
order
,
and
the
General
Interest
of
Christendom
,
that
his
person
should
not
be
expos'd
to
the
Assassinates
of
Bajazet
,
he
orderd
that
the
Knight
de
Blanchefort
should
take
as
many
Knights
as
he
pleased
for
the
Guard
of
Zizim
commanding
strictly
those
that
were
nam'd
to
obey
him
without
any
more
to
do
;
declaring
withall
that
such
as
should
be
bound
to
attend
upon
Zizim
,
should
enjoy
all
the
prerogatives
of
Residence
,
and
precedency
,
as
if
they
had
stay'd
at
Rhodes
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
Peter
D'Aubusson
,
Grand
Master
of
RHODES
.
Book
Fifth
.
WHILST
Zizim
had
a
private
and
obscure
life
in
France
,
one
Bajazett
almost
unknown
till
then
appear'd
in
the
world
,
resolv'd
to
take
advantage
of
the
divisions
of
the
two
Ottoman
Brothers
.
He
was
their
Uncle
,
being
the
Brother
of
Mahomet
and
Son
of
Amurath
.
After
the
loss
of
Constantinople
,
he
was
taken
by
the
Christians
in
his
Infant
years
,
and
carry'd
to
Rome
in
the
Pontificat
of
Nicholas
the
fifth
,
who
took
care
himself
of
his
Education
.
The
Instructions
which
he
receiv'd
were
not
altogether
unpofitable
:
For
he
renounc'd
the
law
of
his
fals
Prophet
and
became
a
Christian
.
He
apply'd
himself
afterwards
to
the
study
of
humane
Learning
;
and
as
he
wanted
not
wit
,
he
perfectly
attain'd
the
Latine
Language
.
But
Nicholas
the
Fift
being
dead
,
he
left
Italy
,
to
travell
into
Germany
.
There
he
was
well
receiv'd
;
and
the
Germans
lookt
upon
him
as
a
person
that
might
be
useful
to
them
in
their
Wars
against
the
Turks
.
After
he
had
stay'd
sometime
in
the
Emperor
Fredericks
Court
,
he
went
into
Hungary
,
and
there
settl'd
himself
not
dreaming
to
raise
his
fortune
any
higher
,
for
the
example
of
the
brave
and
vertuous
Matthias
made
so
little
impression
upon
him
,
that
he
only
minded
his
repose
and
pleasure
in
the
Court
altogether
Warlike
,
and
altogether
Christian
.
But
the
Quarrel
between
Bajazet
and
Zizim
which
made
such
a
noise
over
all
Asia
and
Europe
,
awak'nd
him
out
of
that
dream
wherein
he
lay
,
and
rous'd
his
ambition
by
causing
him
to
remember
his
birth
.
The
flight
of
Zizim
begat
in
him
a
desire
to
make
war
against
Bajazet
.
He
revolv'd
in
his
mind
,
that
having
but
one
enemy
to
deale
with
,
he
might
without
fear
dispute
for
the
Empire
,
but
at
the
same
time
he
thought
there
was
no
way
for
him
to
compass
his
design
,
but
by
the
assistance
of
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
.
And
he
had
a
belief
that
infallibly
he
should
attain
his
ends
,
provided
he
could
engage
the
Grand
Master
to
his
side
.
To
this
purpose
he
wrote
to
him
a
long
Letter
in
Latin
.
Wherein
he
first
declar'd
himself
the
only
heir
to
the
Ottoman
Crown
,
as
lawful
Son
of
Amurath
,
pretending
that
Mahomet
was
but
his
bastard
;
then
he
spoke
of
his
great
feats
of
arms
,
like
a
true
Knight
errant
;
and
because
the
Christian
world
might
not
be
so
well
inform'd
,
he
referr'd
the
Grand
Master
to
the
Turks
for
a
clearer
understanding
of
things
.
But
the
Turks
knew
him
not
so
well
as
the
Christians
▪
for
he
was
carry'd
away
so
young
from
Constantinople
,
that
it
was
impossible
for
him
to
have
done
any
thing
remarkable
in
Turky
.
At
last
he
highly
extold
the
services
he
could
do
for
Christendom
,
and
the
information
he
could
give
the
Grand
Master
touching
several
important
secrets
of
affairs
,
advising
him
not
to
let
slip
so
fair
an
opportunity
,
&
earnestly
desiring
his
speedy
answer
.
The
letter
was
written
with
his
own
hand
;
but
as
if
he
had
the
management
of
all
the
business
in
the
world
,
he
concluded
that
it
was
writ
in
haste
.
They
were
not
convinc'd
at
Rhodes
of
Bajazett
of
Hungaries
reasons
.
That
Braggadochio
stile
wherewith
he
thought
to
win
the
assistance
of
the
Knights
,
was
in
part
▪
the
reason
why
they
refus'd
it
him
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
Grand
Master
who
had
a
tender
love
for
Zizim
,
and
was
loath
to
embroil
himself
with
the
Port
,
took
no
care
to
listen
to
the
Propositions
of
an
Adventurer
,
of
whom
he
had
no
knowledge
,
and
to
who
he
had
no
engagement
;
so
that
this
new
Actor
soon
return'd
to
that
obscurity
wherein
he
had
alwaies
liv'd
,
and
which
he
so
much
the
rather
deserv'd
▪
because
he
had
sought
too
late
to
quit
it
.
The
Grand
Signior
took
it
the
most
kindly
in
the
world
,
that
he
had
behav'd
himself
in
that
manner
,
and
as
a
mark
of
his
acknowledgment
he
began
from
that
time
to
pay
him
the
forty
thousand
Duckets
which
he
had
promised
him
.
The
first
payment
was
made
by
Vssambei
,
one
of
the
Principal
Officers
of
the
Port.
He
was
sent
expresly
to
Rhodes
,
with
order
nevertheless
to
go
for
France
,
under
pretence
to
thank
Charles
the
Eighth
,
for
receiving
Zizim
into
his
Territories
,
but
indeed
to
learn
certain
intelligence
of
his
Brother
.
However
;
Bajazett
fearing
lest
Vssambei
should
find
some
obstacle
in
his
Embassy
,
conjur'd
the
Grand
Master
that
he
should
give
him
letters
of
recommendation
for
France
.
But
the
Grand
Master
did
not
think
it
enough
to
write
to
the
King
.
He
was
resolv'd
that
the
Hospitalier
of
the
Order
should
accompany
the
Turkish
Embassador
,
to
be
his
Guide
,
and
to
introduce
him
into
the
Court.
And
indeed
Vssambei
was
better
receiv'd
than
Zizim
had
been
;
for
the
complements
of
Bajazett
highly
pleas'd
the
French
.
In
the
mean
time
the
war
of
Terrara
rais'd
many
combustions
in
Italy
,
and
was
meditating
to
have
brought
the
Infidels
into
Italy
.
For
Hercules
D'Este
became
so
proud
through
the
Alliance
of
Ferdinand
King
of
Naples
,
who
had
giv'n
him
his
Daughter
Elenor
in
Marriage
,
that
he
loftily
scorn'd
the
friendship
of
the
Venetians
,
which
the
Dukes
his
predecessors
had
alwaies
highly
sought
for
.
He
came
to
that
degree
of
contempt
,
that
he
usurp'd
their
Lands
,
abus'd
their
subjects
,
not
considering
the
kindnesses
which
he
had
receiv'd
from
the
Republick
,
when
after
the
death
of
his
elder
Brother
,
the
Son
of
his
other
Brother
took
up
Arms
to
have
depriv'd
him
of
his
Dominions
.
The
Venetians
could
not
brook
the
loftiness
nor
ingratitude
of
the
Duke
of
Terrara
.
They
rais'd
puissant
Armies
against
him
,
and
leagu'd
themselves
again
with
the
Pope
,
who
was
displeas'd
with
the
King
of
Naples
,
both
because
that
Prince
had
retain'd
in
his
service
about
four
hundred
Turks
of
the
Garrison
of
Otranto
,
and
because
he
took
little
care
in
his
Kingdom
of
the
duties
of
the
Holy
See
.
Ferdinand
sent
Alphonso
Duke
of
Calabria
to
the
succour
of
Hercules
his
Son-in-law
,
of
whom
the
Common
wealth
had
got
great
advantages
.
Alphonso
had
already
pass'd
the
Mark
of
Ancona
,
and
was
advancing
with
his
forces
toward
the
Terraras's
,
when
the
Colonna's
and
Cavelli
,
who
were
risen
up
against
the
Pope
,
invited
him
to
joyn
with
them
in
the
Compagna
of
Rome
.
Robert
Malateste
,
who
commanded
the
Army
of
the
Republick
,
was
soon
at
his
heels
,
gave
him
battel
,
and
absolutely
defeated
him
.
Which
Victory
fill'd
the
Venetians
full
of
hopes
,
and
undertakings
,
but
while
they
ransack'd
the
Ferraresi
,
and
were
going
to
make
themselves
Masters
of
Ferrara
,
the
Pope
of
a
suddain
abandons
them
,
whether
he
were
gain'd
by
the
submissions
of
Ferdinand
,
or
whether
he
were
jealous
of
the
Progress
of
the
Republick
.
However
it
were
,
Sixtus
agrees
with
the
Father
and
Son
in
Law
;
He
also
threaten'd
the
Venetians
with
the
indignation
and
Anathema's
of
the
Church
,
if
they
continu'd
the
war
of
Ferrara
.
The
Republick
incens'd
at
so
strange
a
proceeding
;
and
foreseeing
that
this
change
would
cause
a
great
disorder
in
affaires
,
implor'd
the
aid
of
the
Turk
to
sustain
themselves
,
and
to
revenge
the
injury
done
them
.
Bajazet
who
was
unwilling
to
displease
the
Venetians
,
forgot
that
he
had
promis'd
not
to
disturb
the
Christians
;
or
rather
violated
his
word
in
that
respect
,
and
prepares
a
considerable
Fleet
to
invade
Italy
.
The
news
presently
spread
it self
over
all
Europe
.
At
Rome
the
alarum
was
taken
,
as
if
the
enemy
had
been
already
at
the
Gates
;
and
the
Pope
foreseeing
the
danger
of
the
Church
,
if
the
Turks
should
enter
Italy
during
the
discords
of
the
Christian
Princes
,
and
knew
himself
to
be
guilty
of
the
discontent
of
the
Republick
,
made
it
his
whole
business
to
divert
the
storme
.
The
King
of
Naples
,
whom
the
danger
more
nerely
concern'd
,
follow'd
the
Popes
steps
,
and
by
common
consent
had
recourse
to
the
Grand
Master
,
to
whom
they
both
wrote
,
and
sent
to
him
the
Knight
Carraffa
.
But
never
was
Embassie
more
to
less
purpose
;
for
the
care
of
the
Grand
Master
had
prevented
the
requests
of
Ferdinand
and
the
Pope
.
He
understanding
sooner
then
they
,
the
preparations
that
were
made
at
Constantinople
,
and
likewise
knowing
the
private
motives
to
that
Engagement
,
labour'd
incessantly
to
divert
the
storme
before
it
began
to
break
forth
.
The
Publick
good
,
and
the
particular
Interest
of
the
Church
excited
his
diligence
to
keep
the
common
enemy
out
of
Italy
:
And
his
obligations
to
the
King
of
Naples
made
him
more
Solicitous
to
omit
nothing
that
might
preserve
the
Kingdom
of
his
Benefactour
and
freind
from
the
invasion
of
the
Barbarians
.
Therefore
not
to
loose
time
,
he
dispatch'd
away
to
the
Grand
Signior
a
Rhodian
,
whose
name
was
Mosco
Perpiano
;
a
man
't
is
true
of
low
birth
,
but
of
an
exalted
genius
,
and
capable
of
great
affaires
;
and
besides
that
,
very
proper
to
negotiate
with
the
Turks
,
as
being
one
who
had
lived
long
in
Turky
,
and
perfectly
understood
their
humour
and
language
.
And
this
was
he
that
treated
with
the
Sub-Basha
of
Pizzona
about
the
truce
,
and
first
discover'd
the
cunning
of
Achmats
Letters
.
Mosco
,
after
he
had
made
known
to
the
Grand
Signiour
,
with
whom
he
had
a
private
audience
,
the
Interest
of
his
Highness
to
live
in
friendship
with
the
Grand
Master
gave
him
to
understand
by
degrees
,
that
the
Venetians
were
about
to
engage
him
in
a
bad
designe
.
To
that
intent
,
ne
represented
to
him
that
this
great
preparation
was
the
ready
way
to
bring
upon
him
all
the
forces
of
Europe
.
That
the
most
divided
of
the
Christian
Princes
would
not
saile
to
reunite
for
the
defence
of
their
Religion
and
Crowns
.
That
France
who
glory'd
in
assisting
the
Popes
and
the
Holy
See
,
would
infallibly
join
with
Italy
upon
such
an
occasion
,
and
lay
aside
for
a
time
their
pretences
to
Naples
.
That
whatever
care
the
Knights
could
take
,
that
they
should
not
make
use
of
the
person
of
Zizim
against
the
Ottoman
Empire
,
it
would
not
be
any
longer
in
their
power
to
keep
him
.
That
the
King
of
France
would
force
him
out
of
their
hands
in
spite
of
all
their
strength
,
and
put
him
at
the
head
of
an
Army
,
and
then
nothing
was
more
to
be
fear'd
then
a
Popular
rising
at
Constantinople
,
which
might
happen
to
be
attended
with
a
total
revolution
.
Mosco
added
according
to
his
Instructions
,
that
the
Grand
Master
being
of
that
accompt
as
he
was
among
the
Christian
Princes
,
he
could
not
possibly
prevent
his
being
engag'd
in
the
Quarrel
,
how
great
so
ever
his
desire
might
be
to
keep
a
good
Correspondence
with
the
Court.
That
if
the
preparations
which
the
Turks
made
against
Italy
should
infringe
the
accommodation
which
had
been
made
upon
Zizim's
score
,
he
had
no
reason
to
blame
the
Knights
,
who
are
ready
punctually
to
observe
all
the
articles
of
the
treaty
.
Mosco
then
gave
the
Grand
Signiour
to
understand
that
Rhodes
was
not
in
a
condition
to
fear
him
,
the
ruins
being
repaird
,
and
new
fortifications
daily
added
by
the
Grand
Master
.
This
discourse
of
the
Rhodian
took
singular
effect
.
Bajazet
was
so
mov'd
at
it
,
that
he
stood
a
good
while
without
making
any
answer
,
casting
frightful
looks
here
and
there
,
which
shew'd
the
agitation
and
disturbance
of
his
mind
.
At
length
rows'd
out
of
a
deep
contemplation
,
and
looking
somewhat
more
calmely
,
he
told
Mosco
,
that
in
respect
to
the
Grand
Master
,
whom
he
honoured
as
his
Father
,
he
had
abandon'd
the
design
which
he
had
in
hand
.
Then
calling
for
Basha
Misach
Paleologus
,
and
two
other
of
his
Ministers
,
he
declar'd
that
he
would
not
send
his
Fleet
into
the
Mediterranean
Sea
,
and
commanded
them
at
the
same
time
to
surcease
all
their
preparations
for
war
wherein
they
labour'd
with
an
excessive
earnestness
.
And
that
he
might
testify
more
of
his
freindship
,
and
do
him
more
honour
,
he
wrote
him
a
very
obliging
Letter
,
which
he
deliver'd
to
Mosco
,
the
copy
whereof
follows
.
Bajazet
King
of
Asia
,
Emperour
of
the
Turks
.
To
the
thrice
happy
Prince
.
Peter
D'Aubusson
,
Grand
Master
of
RHODES
.
WE
have
understood
from
the
mouth
of
your
Embassadour
,
what
it
is
you
request
at
our
hands
.
In
truth
you
desire
great
things
,
and
which
are
of
extream
consequence
to
our
Empire
▪
For
a
considerable
Fleet
is
not
to
be
set
forth
without
great
expence
;
nor
is
such
an
enterprize
to
be
quitted
without
some
kind
of
disgrace
.
But
however
,
as
I
refer
my self
wholly
to
your
Counsel
,
and
for
that
I
can
refuse
you
nothing
,
for
your
sake
,
I
forget
all
my
advantages
.
I
surcease
any
further
preparations
,
and
engage
to
you
upon
my
word
,
that
my
Navy
shall
not
stir
forth
of
the
Streights
of
Gallipoly
.
I
do
this
willingly
,
out
of
the
desire
I
have
,
that
you
should
alwaies
be
my
friend
,
as
you
ought
to
be
,
since
that
for
your
sake
I
renounce
both
my
interest
and
my
honour
.
From
Constantinople
the
fifth
of
the
month
of
Rabi
el
Evel
in
the
year
of
the
Hegira
,
889.
April
13.
in
the
year
of
grace
,
1484.
Mosco
return'd
to
Rhodes
almost
at
the
same
time
that
the
Knight
Caraffa
arriv'd
there
.
That
new
Embassador
of
the
Pope
,
and
the
King
of
of
Naples
was
surpriz'd
to
see
that
with
all
his
haste
he
was
come
too
late
.
So
that
finding
his
work
done
,
he
return'd
as
he
came
,
at
least
that
he
might
be
the
first
that
should
bring
the
tydings
,
carrying
along
with
him
to
the
Pope
and
King
Ferdinand
,
the
Copy
of
the
Letter
of
the
Grand
Signior
.
A
resolution
so
sudden
,
and
so
happy
,
extreamly
rejoyc'd
all
Italy
,
and
the
Pope
was
so
satisfi'd
with
the
Grand
Master
,
that
speaking
of
him
to
the
Knight
Quendal
,
Procurator
of
the
Order
at
Rome
,
he
call'd
him
several
times
,
The
Buckler
of
the
Church
,
and
The
Preserver
of
Christendom
.
Nevertheless
,
the
Christian
Princes
,
whose
Dominions
were
neighbouring
upon
the
Turk
,
did
not
yet
think
themselves
safe
,
fearing
that
Bajazet
would
not
long
keep
his
word
.
For
that
reason
Matthias
King
of
Hungary
,
Ferdinand
King
of
Castile
,
Arragon
and
Sicily
,
made
it
all
their
most
earnest
suit
to
the
Grand
Master
to
have
Zizim
in
their
power
.
He
would
by
no
means
grant
them
their
request
;
but
he
promis'd
them
that
so
long
as
he
had
the
Sultan
at
his
disposition
,
he
would
keep
the
Grand
Signior
from
enterprizing
any
thing
upon
their
Dominions
.
Bajazet
lookt
upon
this
Refusal
for
a
signal
piece
of
service
,
and
thought
himself
so
oblig'd
to
the
Grand
Master
,
that
he
resolv'd
to
make
him
a
considerable
present
as
a
mark
of
his
Gratitude
.
But
not
finding
any
thing
of
value
enough
to
his
mind
amidst
all
the
wealth
of
his
Empire
,
he
understood
by
some
of
his
Renegado
Confidents
,
that
he
could
not
make
a
more
pleasing
or
acceptable
present
to
the
Grand
Master
,
then
the
hand
of
St.
John
Baptist
,
which
was
then
in
his
Father
Mahomet's
Treasury
.
The
Grand
Signior
overjoy'd
at
such
a
discovery
,
caus'd
the
hand
to
be
immediately
sent
for
,
together
with
the
shrine
wherein
it
was
kept
,
and
causing
it
to
be
put
into
a
Cypress
box
lin'd
within
with
Crimson
Velvet
,
and
set
without
with
an
infinite
number
of
precious
stones
,
he
sent
it
by
one
of
his
favourites
,
call'd
Cariaty
Bey
,
with
a
Civil
Letter
,
the
Inscription
whereof
was
thus
.
Bajazet
King
of
Asia
,
and
Emperor
of
the
Turks
,
to
the
thrice
wise
,
and
thrice
illustrious
Peter
D'Aubusson
,
Grand
Master
of
Rhodes
,
thrice
generous
Prince
,
and
Father
of
a
most
glorious
Empire
.
This
hand
was
said
to
be
the
right
hand
of
John
the
Baptist
,
which
was
learnt
out
upon
this
occasion
,
if
the
Vice-Chancellour
Caoursin
may
be
believ'd
.
It
was
an
ancient
Tradition
confirm'd
by
the
Histories
of
the
Greeks
,
that
St.
Luke
the
Evangelist
having
embrac'd
the
Christian
Faith
,
the
love
which
he
had
conceiv'd
for
St.
John
Baptist
,
inspir'd
him
secretly
to
take
up
his
body
bury'd
in
the
City
of
Sebastia
,
between
Eli
and
Abdias
.
To
this
purpose
he
went
thither
with
some
of
St.
John's
Disciples
,
who
were
then
living
;
but
considering
that
they
should
hardly
be
able
to
carry
the
body
away
without
being
known
and
stopp'd
,
he
cut
off
the
hand
that
baptiz'd
Christ
,
as
the
most
noble
part
of
the
whole
body
,
and
carry'd
it
to
Antioch
,
where
he
kept
it
all
the
while
he
stay'd
there
.
But
going
to
preach
in
Bithinia
,
he
left
the
Relick
with
some
of
his
most
trusty
friends
still
at
Antiochia
,
where
it
was
publickly
ador'd
for
the
space
of
three
hundred
years
,
till
Julian
the
Apostate
attempted
to
abolish
the
worship
and
memory
of
Martyrs
,
burning
what
remain'd
of
them
.
Particularly
,
he
caus'd
this
hand
to
be
thrown
into
the
fire
;
but
the
piety
of
particular
persons
sav'd
it
from
the
fury
of
the
Pagans
at
that
time
.
In
the
time
of
Justinian
the
Emperor
,
to
honour
the
Consecration
of
Santa
Sophia
,
the
head
of
St.
John
was
by
the
Emperour's
command
fetch'd
from
Edessa
,
and
the
hand
from
Antioch
;
though
he
return'd
them
again
after
the
Consecration
was
over
.
But
in
the
time
of
Constantine
Porphyrogenites
,
an
Emperour
that
was
mighty
devout
,
and
had
a
huge
fancy
for
this
Relick
,
one
Job
,
a
Deacon
of
Antioch
stole
this
hand
to
present
to
the
Emperour
,
who
put
it
in
the
Church
of
St.
John
,
of
the
Stone
,
where
it
remain'd
till
the
time
of
Mahomet
the
second
,
who
remanded
it
into
the
Imperial
Treasure
with
other
Relicks
and
rich
shrines
,
out
of
which
Bajazet
took
it
to
present
to
the
Grand
Master
,
who
laid
it
up
with
great
ceremony
at
Rhodes
.
These
Marks
of
affection
which
the
Ottoman
Emperour
shew'd
to
the
Grand
Master
,
open'd
the
eyes
of
the
Soldan
of
Egypt
.
That
Barbarian
had
violated
the
Peace
without
any
pretence
,
as
we
have
said
;
and
his
perfidiousness
carry'd
him
so
far
,
as
to
stop
the
Rhodians
,
who
traffick'd
under
the
publick
faith
at
Alexandria
,
and
in
other
places
of
his
Dominions
.
But
now
he
began
to
alter
his
behaviour
,
when
he
saw
the
good
correspondence
which
was
between
the
Port
and
the
Order
of
St.
John
.
The
fear
he
had
,
lest
the
Knights
should
take
a
fresh
revenge
,
made
him
before
hand
in
appeasing
them
.
To
that
end
he
sent
an
Embassadour
to
Rhodes
with
rich
presents
,
and
a
very
civil
Letter
,
wherein
he
blam'd
his
past
proceedings
,
and
accus'd
the
folly
he
had
committed
.
Duan
Aga
,
for
that
was
the
Embassadour's
name
,
did
the
best
he
could
to
enhance
the
value
of
his
Master's
presents
and
excuses
.
He
promis'd
solemnly
an
inviolable
fidelity
,
and
offer'd
all
sorts
of
Pledges
for
performance
.
Whatever
resentment
the
Grand
Master
had
of
the
Injuries
of
Cairbei
,
he
said
nothing
then
:
for
though
he
made
little
accompt
of
his
promises
,
and
judg'd
of
the
future
by
what
was
past
,
he
thought
it
not
amiss
to
make
his
advantage
of
the
present
;
and
that
which
made
him
determine
it
the
rather
was
,
because
he
had
intelligence
,
that
Bajazet
notwithstanding
all
his
publick
and
specious
demonstrations
of
Amity
,
had
an
inveterate
enmity
against
the
Order
,
not
only
because
it
protected
his
Brother
Zizim
,
but
also
because
he
had
oblig'd
him
to
quit
his
design
upon
Italy
.
So
that
the
little
reliance
which
the
Grand
Master
had
upon
the
Turkish
Faith
,
made
him
renew
a
peace
with
one
that
was
openly
perjur'd
.
Now
because
the
advice
which
they
daily
receiv'd
at
Rhodes
of
the
ill
intentions
of
Bajazet
were
every
day
confirm'd
,
the
Grand
Master
thought
it
necessary
to
precaution
himself
against
whatever
might
happen
.
He
sent
Barks
into
Sicily
and
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
for
Corn
;
he
also
made
use
of
the
seeming
friendship
of
the
Grand
Signior
,
to
fetch
all
sorts
of
grain
out
of
the
most
fertile
Countries
of
Turky
,
before
the
Ottoman
Court
had
laid
aside
its
Vizor
,
and
had
openly
brok'n
with
the
Order
,
he
gave
command
at
the
same
time
to
lade
the
great
Ship
of
the
Treasury
,
then
upon
the
Coasts
of
Provence
,
with
ammunition
and
souldiers
,
and
that
a
great
Vessel
of
Ragusa
,
then
in
the
Port
of
Rhodes
,
should
sail
to
Samos
for
wood
proper
to
build
the
Ships
and
Engines
of
War
.
As
for
the
fortifications
,
besides
that
he
made
all
the
ditches
wider
and
larger
;
he
rais'd
new
works
toward
the
Sea
,
and
among
the
rest
a
Ravelin
that
extended
from
the
Tower
of
Naylac
,
to
the
Bulwark
of
France
.
But
while
the
Knights
prepar'd
for
War
in
the
midst
of
a
profound
Peace
,
Sixtus
the
fourth
dy'd
in
the
heat
of
the
troubles
of
Rome
,
which
the
Colonna's
and
Vrsini
had
divided
into
two
Factions
.
The
Cardinal
of
Santa
Cecilia
,
a
Genoese
,
and
of
the
house
of
Cybo
,
but
originally
of
Rhodes
,
as
being
the
place
where
his
Father
was
born
,
succeeded
Sixtus
in
the
Government
of
the
Church
,
by
the
name
of
Innocent
the
Eighth
.
He
was
no
sooner
elected
,
but
he
wrote
to
the
Grand
Master
in
such
terms
as
shew'd
a
particular
esteem
for
his
person
.
Among
other
things
he
exhorted
him
to
maintain
generously
the
interest
of
the
holy
See
,
to
shew
himself
an
example
to
Christian
Princes
,
and
at
last
assur'd
him
of
his
favour
.
The
Order
,
said
the
Pope
in
his
Brief
,
of
which
you
are
the
Chief
,
is
more
dear
to
me
then
ever
;
and
if
God
favour
our
designs
,
you
shall
alwaies
find
me
ready
to
oblige
you
in
whatever
concerns
yours
,
or
the
honour
of
the
Order
.
The
Grand
Master
receiv'd
this
Letter
like
a
true
Son
of
the
Church
;
and
presently
sent
his
Embassadors
to
Rome
to
tender
his
obedience
to
the
new
Pope
.
Edward
de
Carmandin
,
Bayly
of
Lango
,
and
Will
▪
Caoursin
,
Vice
Chancellour
of
the
Order
were
the
chief
of
the
Embassy
;
who
made
their
entry
into
Rome
,
with
an
extraordinary
Pomp
,
and
five
days
after
had
audience
of
the
Pope
,
in
the
presence
of
all
the
Princes
,
Embassadours
and
a
great
number
of
prelates
.
Caouersin
,
in
that
renowned
assembly
made
a
speech
full
of
piety
and
eloquence
.
He
first
acknowledg'd
the
authority
of
the
holy
See
,
and
Innocent
for
the
Vicar
of
Christ
,
and
Peters
successour
.
Then
in
particular
he
declar'd
the
Grand
Master's
joy
for
the
election
of
his
Holiness
,
and
the
hopes
which
the
Rhodians
had
to
see
Christnanism
flourish
under
the
pontificat
of
a
Pope
so
zealous
for
the
Christian
faith
.
After
that
he
recounted
the
victories
which
the
Knights
had
obtain'd
against
the
infidels
,
particularly
in
the
last
siege
of
Rhodes
.
And
lastly
he
offer'd
his
Holiness
the
service
of
the
Knigths
,
assuring
him
that
they
should
esteem
themselves
happy
to
spend
their
blood
to
the
last
drop
in
the
defence
of
the
Holy
See
.
The
Pope
return'd
an
answer
himself
to
Caoursin's
speech
.
Wherein
after
he
had
in
general
terms
extold
the
valour
and
zeal
of
the
Knights
,
he
dilated
upon
the
merits
of
the
Grand
Master
,
and
confess'd
that
the
Church
was
infinitely
oblig'd
to
him
.
The
next
week
the
Embassadours
had
a
particular
conference
with
the
Pope
,
at
what
time
they
presented
to
him
a
precious
stone
of
an
extraordinary
figure
and
colour
,
several
exquisite
perfumes
,
and
a
rich
Vase
full
of
pure
Indian
Balsom
.
But
the
Pope
who
desir'd
nothing
more
then
to
restore
peace
to
Italy
,
and
who
sear'd
nothing
more
then
an
invasion
of
the
Infidels
,
turn'd
his
discourse
upon
Zizim
,
and
told
the
Embassadours
that
for
the
good
of
Christendom
it
seemd
very
necessary
that
he
should
be
brought
to
Rome
,
or
to
some
other
City
of
the
Ecclesiastick
estate
.
The
Embassadours
not
having
any
commission
in
that
particular
,
they
could
return
no
answer
,
only
that
they
would
signify
his
Holiness's
pleasure
to
the
Grand
Master
.
However
they
receiv'd
several
favours
before
their
departure
,
&
had
the
honour
to
carry
his
Canopy
upon
the
purification
of
the
Virgin
,
with
the
Embassadours
of
Naples
,
Milan
,
and
Florence
.
But
as
a
particular
grace
to
the
Order
,
he
granted
to
the
Prior
of
the
Church
of
Rhodes
a
power
to
remit
all
sins
which
are
reserv'd
to
the
Holy
See
,
to
alter
vows
,
to
absolve
from
oaths
,
from
Irregularity
and
Simony
.
He
gave
them
liberty
also
to
have
a
portative
Altar
to
say
Mass
either
by
Sea
or
Land
,
as
also
before
day
,
and
in
places
forbidden
by
Ecclesiastical
censure
.
In
the
mean
time
the
King
of
Naples
,
who
after
the
death
of
Sixtus
,
was
terribly
afraid
lest
the
Venetians
should
molest
his
dominions
,
and
that
the
Turk
should
come
to
revenge
their
quarrel
,
desir'd
more
earnestly
then
ever
to
have
Zizim
in
his
possession
.
To
which
purpose
he
wrote
new
Letters
to
Rhodes
,
which
he
deliver'd
to
the
Embassadours
who
pass'd
through
Naples
in
their
return
home
.
But
while
Innocent
and
Ferdinand
demanded
Zizim
from
the
Grand
Master
,
the
Soldau
of
Egypt
urg'd
the
same
request
.
Caerbei
had
in
relligence
that
the
Great
Turk
was
about
to
enter
Caramania
with
a
powerful
Army
to
punish
Caraman
.
So
that
he
was
afraid
lest
the
Turks
should
soon
after
carry
their
arms
into
Syria
;
and
he
knew
no
other
expedient
to
stop
Bajazet
,
then
to
oppose
Zizim
against
him
.
But
the
arrival
of
the
Baily
of
Lango
,
and
the
Vice
Chancellour
of
the
order
drew
him
out
of
that
perplexity
whereinto
the
Embassadour
from
Egypt
had
plung'd
him
;
for
when
he
understood
the
Popes
Intentions
,
as
to
what
concern'd
Zizim
,
he
gave
the
Soldan's
Embassadour
to
understand
that
the
Soveraign
Priest
of
Christendom
having
a
designe
to
send
for
the
Ottoman
Prince
to
Rome
,
the
Knights
could
not
dispose
of
his
person
not
determine
any
thing
without
the
consent
of
the
Holy
See
,
to
which
the
order
of
St.
John
was
particularly
subject
.
In
the
same
manner
he
excus'd
himself
to
King
Ferdinand
,
accompanying
his
excuse
with
many
civilities
,
not
being
willing
to
displease
a
Prince
whom
he
could
not
gratisy
,
yet
desir'd
to
serve
.
But
in
regard
he
knew
the
Pope
was
not
able
with
his
forces
alone
to
undertake
any
considerable
enterprize
;
and
believing
withal
,
that
should
he
send
Zizim
into
the
Ecclesiastical
state
,
he
should
put
an
obstacle
to
the
Holy
league
through
the
jealousies
which
the
Christian
Princes
would
be
subjest
to
apprehend
,
he
represented
to
his
Holiness
withal
the
earnestness
and
respect
that
might
be
,
that
he
could
not
let
go
Zizim
without
exposing
Christendom
to
manifest
misfortunes
.
That
such
a
change
would
give
suspition
to
Bajazet
,
and
enforce
him
perhaps
to
put
to
Sea
,
and
land
in
Italy
.
He
added
also
that
the
Invasion
of
the
Infidels
was
very
much
to
be
fear'd
,
before
all
Europe
was
first
united
against
them
.
However
that
he
would
submit
the
affair
to
his
Holiness
whose
prudence
and
justice
he
very
well
understood
.
It
was
about
this
time
that
the
Grand
Master
did
a
very
eminent
piece
of
service
for
the
Genoeses
in
protecting
for
them
the
Island
of
Scio
,
which
was
under
their
subjection
,
by
the
gift
of
Andronicus
Paleologus
,
after
they
had
restor'd
him
to
his
throne
.
For
Francis
de
Medicis
scourd
all
the
Levant
Seas
with
a
well
arm'd
Galliot
,
and
had
taken
considerable
prizes
from
the
Turks
near
the
Island
of
Scio.
The
parties
concern'd
complain'd
to
the
Cady
of
Tire
,
who
was
a
person
of
great
credit
in
the
Ottoman
Port
,
and
orderd
their
business
so
well
,
either
by
presents
or
false
testimonies
,
that
the
Mahomet
Judge
condemn'd
the
people
of
the
Island
to
make
good
all
the
losses
which
the
Turks
had
sustain'd
,
as
if
the
Islanders
had
shar'd
with
the
Galliot
,
because
the
Captain
had
taken
in
fresh
provisions
in
the
Island
.
The
Grand
Signior
also
confirms
the
Cadi's
sentence
.
But
to
chastize
the
Island
the
more
severely
,
which
at
Constantinople
was
accompted
a
Receptacle
for
Theives
and
Pirates
,
he
laid
upon
them
a
most
enormous
tax
,
and
threatn'd
the
Islanders
with
ruin
,
if
they
did
not
speedily
pay
it
down
.
The
inhabitants
resolv'd
to
justify
themselves
at
the
Port
,
and
to
represent
humbly
to
the
Grand
Signior
their
inability
to
pay
such
great
sums
.
But
the
Barbarian
would
hearken
neither
to
their
reasons
not
their
prayers
,
and
commanded
his
Vassels
to
go
and
sack
Scio.
The
Islanders
had
bin
lost
without
hope
,
if
the
wisest
of
the
Company
had
not
adviz'd
them
to
have
recourse
to
the
Grand
Master
.
There
upon
they
earnestly
besought
him
to
be
their
protectour
at
such
a
time
of
calamity
wherein
only
his
authority
could
save
them
.
The
Grand
Master
hated
,
too
much
,
injustice
and
violence
,
to
suffer
the
oppression
of
a
poor
people
that
were
altogether
Innocent
,
and
were
not
in
a
condition
to
defend
themselves
.
Thereupon
he
wrote
to
the
Port
,
and
did
it
so
effectually
,
that
Bajazet
cancell'd
the
Judgment
,
and
remitted
the
Tax
which
himself
had
impos'd
.
Cardinal
Paul
Fregosa
,
Duke
of
Genoa
immediately
return'd
thanks
to
the
Grand
Master
in
a
very
civil
Letter
.
But
the
Lords
Monesi
,
who
were
the
chief
in
Scio
,
and
happen'd
to
be
at
Genoa
at
the
same
time
,
deputed
Signior
Lanfranco
Patera
,
a
person
of
quality
and
merit
to
carry
him
a
testimony
of
their
Gratitude
.
It
was
a
Bason
and
Eure
of
Gold
of
exquisite
workmanship
,
on
which
these
Latine
words
were
graven
.
Dominorum
Chii
Reverendissimo
Petro
D'Aubusson
,
MAGNO
MAGISTRO
RHODI
,
DE
SE
OPTIME
MERITO
DONVM
.
Much
about
the
same
time
the
Grand
Master
receiv'd
Intelligence
of
the
death
of
Charlota
de
Lusignan
Queen
of
Cyprus
and
Armenia
.
This
unfortunate
Princess
was
constrain'd
to
quit
Rhodes
,
and
travel
to
Rome
,
as
I
have
already
said
in
the
beginning
of
this
History
.
Pope
Sixus
the
fourth
receiv'd
her
magnificently
,
and
undertook
her
interest
very
zealously
;
so
that
he
perswaded
the
chief
of
the
Island
more
then
once
to
acknowledg
her
for
their
Soveraign
Queen
.
The
Letters
from
his
Holiness
were
read
publickly
at
Nicosia
before
the
Church
of
Santa
Sophia
,
and
made
so
deep
an
Impression
upon
their
spirits
,
that
the
people
took
Arms
,
ran
in
throngs
to
the
Pallace
,
and
massacr'd
the
Uncles
of
Katherine
Cornara
,
who
were
accused
to
have
poyson'd
James
of
Lusignan
her
husband
.
But
the
Venetians
by
whose
authority
Katherine
raign'd
,
or
rather
who
rul'd
under
the
name
of
Katherine
,
appeas'd
the
sedition
and
quickly
master'd
it
.
Charlota
seeing
that
all
the
sollicitations
of
the
Pope
,
produc'd
no
good
for
her
,
went
to
Lewis
her
husband
in
Piemont
.
The
Lord
of
Montjeu
,
whom
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
sent
Embassadour
to
Venice
,
gave
a
visit
to
Lewis
and
Charlota
at
Montcalier
,
where
they
liv'd
,
and
promis'd
them
according
to
the
Instructions
he
had
receiv'd
from
his
Master
,
to
represent
their
rights
to
the
Senate
.
But
all
his
Remonstrances
proving
ineffectual
,
the
Princess
return'd
to
Rome
,
and
there
settl'd
herself
after
the
death
of
Lewis
,
who
piously
ended
his
days
in
a
kind
of
solitude
,
whither
he
was
retir'd
.
She
superviv'd
him
some
years
,
and
during
her
widowhood
she
gave
the
Kingdom
of
Cyprus
to
Charles
Duke
of
Savoy
her
Nephew
,
to
whom
it
otherwise
belong'd
by
the
articles
of
marriage
between
Charlota
and
Lewis
.
This
Donation
was
solemnly
made
to
the
procuratours
of
Charles
,
of
the
number
of
which
was
the
Admiral
of
Rhodes
;
and
by
vertue
of
this
Act
it
is
,
that
the
Dukes
of
Savoy
take
upon
them
the
Title
of
Kings
,
and
pretend
to
the
Kingdom
of
Cyprus
.
The
news
of
her
death
sensibly
greiv'd
the
Grand
Master
,
who
had
always
lookt
upon
her
as
one
of
the
most
accomplish'd
Princesses
of
the
world
,
In
the
mean
time
the
Emperour
of
the
Turks
,
having
rais'd
a
numerous
Army
,
and
made
himself
Master
almost
without
any
trouble
of
those
Provinces
that
were
left
the
Grand
Caraman
,
he
turn'd
his
Arms
against
Syria
and
Egypt
,
incens'd
at
the
Soldan
,
for
that
he
had
with
disdain
deny'd
him
the
wife
and
children
of
Zizim
.
For
how
false
soever
he
were
in
other
respects
,
he
was
faithful
in
that
,
out
of
I
know
not
what
fantastick
piece
of
honesty
;
which
shews
us
that
men
are
sometimes
contrary
to
themselves
,
and
that
the
wicked
,
like
mad
men
,
have
their
lucid
Intervals
.
Now
,
though
the
preparations
all
over
Turky
seem'd
only
to
bend
against
the
Dominions
of
Cairbei
,
yet
the
King
of
Hungary
took
the
Alarum
.
And
as
thunder
when
at
first
it
begins
to
grumble
in
the
clouds
,
seems
to
threaten
most
they
that
hear
it
nearest
;
this
Prince
probably
thought
the
Tempest
would
fall
upon
him
,
if
he
took
not
care
in
time
to
divert
it
.
Yet
as
great
a
Souldier
,
and
as
a
Potent
as
Matthias
was
,
he
thought
that
the
Grand
Master
would
be
a
necessary
assistance
to
him
;
for
which
purpose
he
sent
to
him
Pauli
de
Rhetas
,
his
Secretary
and
his
favourite
.
Rhetas
declar'd
at
the
first
Audience
which
he
had
at
Rhodes
,
that
the
King
of
Hungary
was
resolv'd
to
make
War
against
the
Turks
,
and
in
prosecution
thereof
,
neither
to
spare
his
treasure
,
nor
his
life
;
and
therefore
desir'd
to
joyn
his
Arms
with
those
of
the
Knights
of
St.
John
,
but
above
all
to
follow
the
Counsels
of
the
Grand
Master
in
an
enterprize
of
so
much
hazard
and
difficulty
.
The
Hungarian
Embassadour
likewise
added
,
that
his
Master
had
private
correspondence
with
the
Grandees
of
the
Port
,
that
several
Basha's
had
resolv'd
to
forsake
Bajazet's
Party
,
so
soon
as
Zizim
should
appear
upon
the
Confines
of
Hungary
,
and
at
the
head
of
the
Hungarian
Troops
.
That
the
interest
of
Christendom
requir'd
that
he
should
send
the
Ottoman
Prince
in
all
haste
;
and
that
it
was
a
favour
which
a
King
illustrious
for
his
piety
and
his
valour
requested
from
the
most
generous
Knights
in
the
world
.
The
Proposal
of
Rhetas
seem'd
rational
to
the
Grand
Master
and
his
Council
.
But
there
are
certain
nice
conjunctures
wherein
the
wifest
of
men
cannot
follow
sometimes
neither
the
common
Rules
of
Prudence
,
not
their
own
particular
Judgments
.
Though
to
all
outward
appearances
,
and
upon
a
serious
consideration
of
the
bottom
of
things
,
it
had
been
but
reason
to
have
trusted
Zizim
with
the
King
of
Hungary
;
yet
the
engagement
which
oblig'd
the
Grand
Master
to
keep
the
Prince
by
vertue
of
the
Treaty
of
Peace
made
with
the
Port
,
according
to
the
Prince's
own
desire
,
and
the
fear
of
offending
his
Holiness
,
were
the
cause
that
the
Hungarian
Embassadour
could
obtain
no
other
answer
then
a
handsom
denial
.
However
,
the
Grand
Master
wrote
to
the
King
:
and
after
he
had
insisted
a
while
in
particular
upon
the
Advantage
which
Christendom
might
receive
from
the
person
of
Zizim
,
in
case
that
Bajazet
should
make
any
attempt
against
the
Treaty
,
he
told
him
that
it
being
impossible
for
any
War
to
be
carried
on
against
the
Turk
,
without
a
firm
league
between
the
Christian
Princes
,
it
belonged
to
the
common
Pastor
of
the
Church
to
assemble
them
together
.
That
such
sort
of
enterprises
seldom
prosper'd
,
unless
upheld
by
the
Authority
of
the
Church
;
and
lastly
,
that
if
the
Ottoman
Prince
were
to
leave
France
,
he
could
be
no
where
better
then
at
Rome
,
where
he
would
be
in
the
view
of
all
Christendom
▪
neither
too
far
off
,
nor
too
near
the
Estates
of
the
Grand
Signior
.
The
Conquest
which
Bajazet
,
had
made
of
Caria
,
and
of
other
Provinces
of
the
Grand
Caraman
,
made
the
Soldan
to
believe
that
after
he
had
refus'd
to
Bajazet
the
Wife
and
Children
of
Zizim
,
that
he
was
certainly
to
expect
the
Turkish
Army
at
his
own
doors
.
And
therefore
whatever
strength
the
Cairbie
had
,
he
thought
himself
but
weak
without
the
assistance
of
the
Knights
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
.
For
that
reason
,
to
engage
them
to
his
Interests
he
dispatch'd
to
Rhodes
,
Riccio
de
Marini
,
a
Gentleman
of
Cyprus
,
and
the
same
person
who
formerly
came
to
serve
Queen
Charlotta
against
the
Republick
of
Venice
.
Marini
had
Instructions
to
declare
to
the
Knights
that
the
advantages
which
they
had
gain'd
in
so
many
encounters
against
the
Turks
,
put
the
Soldan
in
hopes
of
a
happy
success
,
provided
they
would
embrace
his
quarrel
,
and
that
he
should
think
himself
invincible
,
if
he
could
but
have
Prince
Zizim
at
the
head
of
his
Troops
.
The
Grand
Master
sensible
of
the
generous
proceeding
of
Cairbei
toward
Zizim
,
almost
forgot
the
ill
usage
which
the
Rhodians
had
receiv'd
at
his
hands
;
and
therefore
he
very
civilly
testified
to
his
Embassadour
,
that
he
was
very
much
troubl'd
that
the
present
condition
of
the
Rhodian
Affairs
would
not
permit
him
to
assist
Egypt
.
That
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
had
made
a
peace
with
the
Turks
,
and
that
they
alwaies
religiously
observ'd
the
faith
of
Treaties
.
But
in
regard
the
Grand
Master
desir'd
nothing
more
then
to
see
two
potent
enemies
of
Christianity
destroy
one
another
,
he
added
that
since
the
refusal
of
Zizim's
Wife
,
and
Children
,
was
the
only
cause
of
Bajazet's
anger
,
it
was
his
advice
that
the
Soldan
should
go
on
▪
with
the
War
,
not
doubting
but
that
Heaven
would
favour
so
just
a
Cause
▪
as
his
.
As
for
Zizim
whom
the
Soldan
requested
,
he
told
the
Emdassadour
at
length
,
that
he
could
conclude
nothing
without
advice
from
Rome
.
But
that
he
would
write
to
the
Pope
,
and
signifie
to
him
that
the
Soldan
had
provok'd
Bajazet
to
make
War
upon
him
only
for
detaining
and
preserving
the
Wise
and
Children
of
Zizim
;
unwilling
to
sacrifice
to
his
Brothers
fury
what
Zizim
had
most
dear
in
the
world
.
The
Grand
Master's
answer
satisfi'd
the
Egyptians
,
and
rais'd
their
courages
,
which
the
defeat
of
the
Grand
Caraman
,
their
neighbour
,
had
almost
dejected
.
For
the
Ottoman
Army
consisting
of
a
hundred
thousand
men
,
being
got
by
several
ways
into
Caramania
,
and
having
quarter'd
themselves
between
Pyramus
,
the
Sar
and
Cidnus
near
the
old
Castle
of
Adena
,
and
the
ruins
of
the
ancient
City
of
Tarsus
,
the
Egyptian
forces
,
that
were
not
above
fifty
thousand
strong
,
presented
themselves
in
view
of
the
Turks
upon
the
banks
of
Pyramus
,
after
they
had
cross'd
with
an
extraordinary
swiftness
the
famous
streights
that
separate
Syria
from
Caramania
.
The
Souldiers
that
compos'd
the
Egyptian
Army
,
were
call'd
Corcassian
Mamalucks
,
all
Christians
that
had
renounc'd
their
Religion
,
or
else
never
profess'd
any
,
being
ravish'd
from
their
Mothers
breasts
,
and
bred
up
in
war
from
their
Infancy
.
The
Eunuch
Basha
,
General
of
the
Turkish
Army
,
gave
them
no
time
to
rest
,
but
attacqu'd
them
with
fifty
thousand
Horse
before
they
had
time
to
understand
the
Ground
.
It
was
in
one
of
those
plaines
that
extend
to
the
Mountain
Aman
,
and
where
Alexander
defeated
Darius
,
that
the
Captain
of
the
Spahi's
having
pass'd
the
Pyramus
over
the
Bridg
of
Adena
,
went
on
to
assail
the
Mamalukes
.
Wearied
as
they
were
,
they
bore
with
an
extraordinary
vigour
the
first
brunt
,
and
fell
on
with
such
fury
,
that
the
Assailants
were
forc'd
to
defend
themselves
.
After
an
obstinate
fight
which
Night
parted
,
the
Mamalukes
remain'd
Masters
of
the
Field
.
Above
thirty
thousand
Turks
were
slain
upon
the
place
,
the
rest
sav'd
themselves
in
the
Mountains
,
or
else
retir'd
to
the
Castle
of
Adena
,
which
they
had
fortifi'd
a
little
before
,
though
it
were
taken
soon
after
by
the
Victors
.
But
that
which
made
this
victory
more
compleat
was
,
that
the
same
day
,
ten
Gallies
which
Achmat
Basha
,
the
Grand
Signiours
Son
in
Law
,
and
Admiral
at
Sea
,
had
sent
from
the
rest
of
the
fleet
to
wast
the
Coast
of
Syria
,
were
overtaken
by
a
furious
tempest
,
and
dash'd
against
the
Rocks
.
This
misfortune
constrain'd
Achmat
to
return
to
Constantinople
with
the
rest
of
the
fleet
.
Passing
through
the
Channel
of
Rhodes
,
in
view
of
the
City
,
not
content
to
salute
the
Knights
by
discharging
all
his
great
Guns
,
he
resolv'd
to
shew
their
Captain
a
particular
Kindness
.
For
having
set
up
a
magnificent
Pavilion
in
one
of
the
fairest
of
his
Gallies
,
adorn'd
with
a
great
number
of
rich
Pendants
and
Banners
,
he
sent
a
young
Turk
his
Favourite
,
call'd
Osman
,
to
visit
the
Grand
Master
on
his
behalf
.
The
Gally
enter'd
the
Port
with
the
sound
of
Trumpets
and
Drums
,
mix'd
with
the
joyful
acclamations
of
the
Turks
that
attended
Osman
.
They
were
all
richly
habited
,
nor
had
they
the
faces
of
men
that
made
a
shameful
retreat
.
When
the
young
Turk
came
into
the
Grand
Masters
presence
,
he
saluted
him
after
the
Mussulman
fashion
,
and
presented
him
a
Letter
wherein
the
Basha
made
him
a
thousand
protestations
of
friendship
and
service
.
Afterwards
having
presented
him
with
several
stuffs
of
great
value
,
and
several
rare
pieces
of
workmanship
,
he
told
him
with
a
good
grace
,
that
such
a
small
present
was
not
worth
the
famous
Prince
of
the
Rhodians
.
The
Grand
Master
would
not
be
behind
either
in
civility
or
liberality
toward
the
Barbarians
;
for
besides
the
Caresses
and
the
entertainment
which
he
gave
to
Osman
,
he
sent
one
of
his
most
Illustrious
Commanders
with
all
sort
of
refreshments
for
the
fleet
,
and
rich
presents
for
himself
.
Scarce
was
Osman
,
who
stai'd
not
above
3
hour
in
Rhodes
,
joyn'd
with
the
fleet
,
but
the
Grand
Master
had
Intelligence
of
their
defeat
,
of
which
he
heard
not
a
word
from
them
;
the
spies
which
he
had
in
most
parts
of
Caramania
,
and
even
in
the
Castle
of
▪
Adena
it self
,
giving
him
an
exact
accompt
hereof
.
Besides
that
the
Soldan
himself
,
well
satisfi'd
with
the
advantage
he
had
won
with
his
own
forces
,
fail'd
not
in
honour
of
his
dignity
,
to
give
him
a
relation
himself
,
as
the
person
who
had
foretold
his
success
.
But
this
prospority
did
not
blind
Cairbey
,
who
knew
it
was
not
enough
to
vanquish
,
unless
he
made
advantage
of
his
victory
.
To
this
purpose
he
thought
that
an
Embassie
to
the
Pope
might
produce
good
effects
,
and
he
communicated
his
thoughts
to
the
Grand
Master
,
not
daring
to
enterprise
such
a
thing
without
his
counsel
,
nor
hoping
to
obtain
his
desires
without
his
intercession
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Pope
,
who
made
it
his
business
to
unite
the
Christian
Princes
against
the
Turk
,
was
every
day
extraordinarily
pressing
for
the
removal
of
Zizim
,
and
he
began
to
talk
somewhat
like
a
Commander
.
For
how
mild
and
moderate
soever
Innocent
might
be
in
his
particular
conduct
,
he
was
jealous
of
his
authority
,
and
would
make
himself
to
be
obeyd
,
when
he
acted
for
the
publick
good
.
The
Grand
Master
,
who
knew
what
obedience
he
and
the
rest
of
the
Knights
ow'd
to
the
Pope
,
as
head
of
the
Order
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
was
not
desirous
to
stay
for
an
express
command
.
He
therefore
gave
Zizim
to
understand
the
intentions
of
his
holiness
and
finding
the
Princes
inclination
,
he
resolv'd
at
length
to
consent
to
what
he
could
not
handsomly
avoid
.
Besides
that
policy
requir'd
that
he
should
gratify
his
Holiness
,
other
reasons
perswaded
him
to
take
that
course
.
For
the
blow
that
the
Turks
had
receiv'd
,
had
put
Constantinople
into
an
uproar
,
and
weak'nd
the
Ottoman
Empire
.
Bajazet
was
not
in
a
condition
to
enterprize
any
thing
against
the
Christians
,
being
in
continual
fear
of
the
Mahometans
▪
after
the
Soldan's
victory
.
He
was
in
hopes
that
the
Christian
Princes
would
open
their
eyes
upon
such
a
fortunate
conjuncture
,
and
that
they
would
league
themselves
against
the
common
enemy
,
when
they
saw
Sultan
Zizim
in
the
hands
of
the
common
Father
of
the
faithful
;
besides
that
Innocent
had
good
intentions
,
and
only
design'd
to
have
Zizim
in
Italy
,
not
pretending
to
have
him
at
his
disposal
.
Zizim
also
himself
began
to
be
aweary
of
solitude
,
and
design'd
to
charge
his
residence
.
All
these
considerations
engag'd
him
to
send
to
Rome
the
Baily
of
the
Morea
,
and
the
Vice
Chancellour
of
the
Order
▪
with
an
ample
procuration
as
to
this
affair
.
The
Embassadours
being
arriv'd
,
and
having
had
audience
of
the
Pope
consented
to
the
removal
of
Zizim
,
provided
the
King
of
France
did
not
oppose
it
,
and
that
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
might
always
attend
him
.
Charles
the
8th
,
who
stood
in
need
of
the
Pope
for
the
Conquest
of
Naples
,
readily
consented
to
his
Holiness
desire
,
who
wrote
very
urgent
Letters
to
him
for
that
purpose
.
And
the
Pope
easily
granted
what
the
Knights
requested
,
being
perswaded
of
the
good
Intentions
of
the
Grand
Master
,
and
only
as
he
did
,
aiming
at
the
publick
benefit
.
Thus
the
Commander
Blanchefort
,
in
his
absence
elected
Marshal
of
the
Order
,
and
Grand
Prior
of
Auvergne
,
brought
away
Zizim
from
the
commandery
of
Burgneuf
,
according
to
the
Letters
directed
to
him
from
the
Grand
Master
.
The
Prince
was
conducted
by
land
to
Marseilles
,
where
the
Great
Ship
of
the
Order
attended
him
.
By
the
way
,
he
testifi'd
more
then
once
,
that
he
was
very
glad
he
was
going
to
Rome
,
after
six
years
stay
in
France
,
and
he
requested
the
Knights
not
to
forsake
him
.
The
voyage
was
not
very
fortunate
;
for
never
did
the
Sea
of
Genoa
rage
more
,
as
if
the
winds
had
endcavour'd
to
drive
Zizim
back
from
the
coasts
of
Italy
.
Nevertheless
,
maugre
the
storm
,
he
arriv'd
at
Civita
Vecchia
,
the
sixth
of
March
.
1489.
Leonard
Cybo
,
the
Popes
Kinsman
,
was
come
to
receive
the
Prince
,
and
he
acquitted
himself
very
well
of
his
commission
:
Putting
into
the
hands
of
the
grand
Prior
Blanchefort
the
Castle
of
the
Town
,
which
was
appointed
for
the
lodging
of
Zizim
,
in
order
to
the
promise
which
the
Pope
had
made
to
the
Rhodian
Embassadours
.
The
Pope
was
very
joyful
for
the
arrival
of
the
Turkish
Prince
,
which
inspir'd
him
with
new
thoughts
of
kindness
for
the
Grand
Master
,
that
appear'd
publickly
three
days
after
;
for
the
Pope
honour'd
him
with
a
Cardinals
Cap
in
a
new
promotion
upon
the
ninth
of
March
.
He
gave
him
the
Title
of
St.
Adrian
▪
and
to
render
his
purple
more
Illustrious
,
he
added
to
it
by
his
express
Bulls
the
Title
of
Legate
General
of
the
holy
See
in
Asia
.
The
Cardinal
D'Augers
,
venerable
for
his
Age
,
and
for
his
vertue
as
well
as
for
his
Purple
,
and
in
whom
fortune
shews
that
a
low
extraction
somtimes
serves
to
exalt
great
Merit
,
went
to
meet
Zizim
twelve
miles
out
of
Rome
▪
with
Prince
Francis
Cybo
the
Son
of
Innocent
,
who
had
bin
marry'd
before
he
entr'd
into
holy
Orders
,
and
Son
in
law
to
the
famous
Laurence
de
Medici
.
They
saluted
the
Prince
in
the
name
of
the
Pope
▪
and
in
such
termes
,
as
testifi'd
no
less
affection
for
his
person
,
then
respect
to
his
birth
,
and
taking
upon
him
themselves
to
be
his
guide
,
they
brought
him
straight
to
Rome
.
Dominico
Doria
,
Captain
of
the
Popes
Guards
▪
stay'd
for
him
on
horsback
without
the
City
,
accompani'd
by
a
great
number
of
considerable
persons
without
the
City
,
neer
the
Gate
of
St.
Sebastian
;
that
being
the
Gate
through
which
the
Prince
made
his
entry
.
The
Turks
who
serv'd
him
,
and
all
his
other
Domesticks
march'd
first
;
the
Cardinals
Gentlemen
next
to
them
▪
follow'd
by
all
the
Roman
Nobility
,
that
never
were
more
lively
,
nor
betten
mounted
.
Then
appear'd
Doria
at
the
head
of
his
light
horse
,
follow'd
by
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
,
after
whom
rode
the
Embassadours
of
the
several
Princes
,
all
but
of
France
who
with
Prince
Francis
Cybo
,
the
Grand
Prior
Blanchefort
,
and
the
Senator
of
Rome
immediately
preceded
Zizim
.
He
rode
alone
,
mounted
upon
a
stately
horse
,
which
he
manag'd
with
a
comly
Grace
.
He
was
clad
,
as
usually
the
Turkish
Emperours
are
upon
solemn
days
.
His
countenance
was
haughty
and
majestick
,
which
being
temper'd
with
a
sweet
melancholy
,
attracted
all
at
once
respect
,
compassion
and
love
.
His
Holiness
steward
follow'd
behind
with
an
innumerable
company
of
Prelates
that
belong
to
the
Popes
house
.
And
in
this
order
they
came
to
the
Vatican
.
The
Cardinal
of
Angers
,
who
had
taken
his
leave
with
in
two
miles
of
the
Town
upon
pretence
of
going
to
advertise
the
Pope
of
his
approach
,
but
indeed
because
he
would
not
be
one
of
the
Cavalcade
,
either
because
of
his
dignity
or
his
age
,
met
him
at
the
Gate
of
the
place
,
and
conducted
him
to
the
apartiment
of
Pope
Clement
,
where
the
Grand
Master
Raymund
Zacosta
held
a
General
Chapter
of
the
Order
under
the
Pontificate
of
Paul
the
2d
.
The
day
following
the
Grand
Prior
de
Blanchefort
,
and
the
Embassadours
of
France
,
conducted
him
to
his
audience
of
the
Pope
in
a
full
consistory
.
They
had
advertiz'd
him
that
it
was
the
custom
to
kiss
the
feet
of
his
Holiness
,
and
the
greatest
Kings
in
the
World
thought
it
no
dishonour
to
condescend
so
far
.
But
he
had
much
adoe
to
stoop
to
that
condescention
;
and
some
say
that
all
he
could
be
brought
to
,
was
to
bow
to
kiss
the
Popes
hand
.
He
saluted
the
Cardinals
after
a
manner
that
was
neither
humble
nor
disdainful
,
but
as
became
a
person
of
so
high
an
extraction
.
Though
he
were
born
eloquent
,
and
at
other
times
spake
very
fluently
,
yet
he
only
spoke
four
or
five
words
very
briskly
,
and
those
in
Turkish
,
whether
it
were
that
the
luster
of
so
famous
an
assembly
dazeld
him
,
or
whether
he
thought
it
below
the
Majesty
of
an
Ottoman
Prince
to
make
a
long
discourse
.
George
Jaxi
a
Rhodian
his
interpreter
declar'd
,
that
he
only
said
,
he
was
extreamly
glad
to
see
Rome
.
Innocent
,
whose
head
was
full
of
high
designes
,
and
who
aim'd
at
no
less
then
to
free
the
Orient
from
the
Tyranny
of
the
Infidels
,
promis'd
to
himself
a
most
happy
success
,
at
the
sight
of
Sultan
Zizim
,
and
believ'd
that
the
Son
of
Mahomet
was
sent
him
from
Heav'n
to
be
serviceable
to
him
;
for
that
purpose
the
Embassy
also
which
he
receiv'd
at
the
same
▪
time
from
the
Soldan
of
Egypt
,
strengthen'd
his
hopes
.
For
Cairbei
,
at
the
perswasion
of
the
Grand
Master
did
homage
to
the
Holy
See
,
and
engaging
to
enter
into
the
Holy
League
,
promis'd
to
set
forth
the
most
puissant
Army
that
ever
march'd
out
of
Egypt
.
His
Holiness
was
so
sensible
of
these
high
services
of
the
Grand
Master
,
that
to
manifest
to
all
the
world
how
much
he
was
satisfi'd
,
and
to
bestow
upon
him
in
particular
the
solid
marks
of
his
favour
,
he
granted
him
an
axtraordinary
priviledg
,
so
much
the
more
considerable
,
because
he
parted
from
his
own
right
in
granting
it
.
The
Popes
in
possession
were
to
provide
for
several
benefices
of
the
Order
of
Rhodes
and
they
claim'd
that
right
by
the
authority
which
they
have
in
general
over
all
Religious
Orders
,
and
in
particular
over
that
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
.
This
right
did
Innocent
renounce
by
a
consistorial
Bull
sign'd
by
all
the
Cardinals
,
depriving
the
See
of
ever
conferring
any
commandery
of
the
Order
,
though
the
benefice
should
happen
to
be
vacant
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
and
declaring
withal
by
the
same
Bull
,
that
the
disposal
of
all
commanderies
absolutely
belong'd
to
the
Grand
Master
,
without
being
compriz'd
under
such
benefices
as
the
Popes
had
reserv'd
,
or
might
hereafter
reserve
.
He
also
granted
to
the
Grand
Master
the
power
absolutely
to
dispose
of
the
benefices
and
military
Revenus
of
the
Holy
Sepulcher
,
and
St.
Lazarus
,
uniting
those
Orders
again
to
that
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
by
an
express
Bull
,
wherein
his
Holiness
himself
made
a
particular
Elogium
upon
the
Grand
Master
and
the
Knights
.
The
Grand
Master
who
now
began
to
intitle
himself
Cardinal
,
Grand
Master
,
was
exstremely
sensible
of
all
these
favours
which
he
never
requested
,
and
believ'd
to
be
above
his
merit
,
accompting
as
nothing
what
he
had
done
,
and
daily
accusing
himself
that
he
had
not
fulfill'd
the
duties
of
his
calling
and
his
trust
.
He
solemnly
receiv'd
the
Cap
in
the
Church
of
St.
John
Baptist
upon
St.
Peter
and
Pauls
day
;
and
he
was
at
the
same
time
proclaim'd
Universal
Legat
of
the
See
in
Asia
.
These
favours
and
new
dignities
put
the
Grand
Master
upon
new
cares
and
assiduities
.
And
in
regard
the
revenues
of
the
Order
were
very
much
encreas'd
by
the
addition
of
the
Orders
of
the
Holy
Sepulcher
and
St.
Lazarus
,
he
appli'd
himself
presently
to
the
settlement
of
the
treasury
;
and
he
made
very
wise
laws
for
the
good
goverment
of
the
publick
revenue
,
as
may
be
seen
in
the
Book
of
the
statutes
of
the
Order
.
He
made
other
laws
touching
elections
and
Sentences
,
which
are
observ'd
to
this
day
,
full
of
prudence
and
Justice
.
But
the
peaceable
state
of
affairs
,
together
with
new
accessions
of
wealth
and
plenty
,
gave
the
Master
opportunity
to
rebuild
the
ruin'd
Churches
,
and
among
others
that
of
St.
Anthony
,
which
was
the
burying
place
for
the
Knights
,
and
which
he
himself
had
caus'd
to
be
pull'd
down
for
the
safety
of
the
City
.
It
was
built
in
another
place
much
more
magnificent
then
before
.
Some
years
ere
that
he
had
founded
a
Chappel
under
the
Name
of
the
Holy
Virgin
,
in
the
Church
of
Monteil-au
Viconte
,
the
place
of
his
birth
;
but
understanding
that
the
building
remain'd
unfinish'd
,
he
assign'd
a
certain
stock
of
mony
to
go
on
with
the
work
,
and
perfect
it
.
He
also
founded
several
others
in
the
Island
of
Rhodes
,
and
one
in
the
Church
of
Mount
Palermus
,
to
increase
the
devotion
of
the
people
▪
But
these
were
not
the
principal
Employments
of
the
Cardinal
Grand
Master
;
for
when
he
saw
himself
cloth'd
with
the
Purple
Robe
,
he
thought
himself
more
than
ever
oblig'd
to
serve
the
Holy
See
,
as
he
had
suddenly
several
important
occasions
to
do
.
It
is
impossible
to
imagine
what
was
the
extreme
surprize
and
disconsolation
of
Bajazet
,
when
he
understood
,
that
his
Brother
was
at
Rome
.
He
had
understood
before
,
that
such
a
design
was
in
hand
;
and
because
there
was
nothing
that
he
feared
more
,
to
fend
off
that
blow
,
he
made
great
offers
to
Charls
the
8th
.
Besides
that
he
promised
him
all
the
Relicks
that
his
Father
had
found
in
Constantinople
,
and
in
other
Cities
of
Europe
and
Asia
,
he
engaged
to
send
him
all
his
Forces
for
the
recovery
of
the
Holy
Land
,
which
was
under
the
Dominion
of
the
Soldan
of
Egypt
,
and
to
pay
him
what-ever
he
demanded
for
the
maintenance
of
Zizim
.
But
these
propositions
took
no
effect
;
for
Zizim
was
not
in
France
when
the
Ambassodors
arrived
.
The
Grand
Seignior's
vexation
redoubled
,
when
he
understood
what
Confederacies
the
Pope
and
the
Soldan
had
made
together
.
He
loudly
complained
of
the
Conduct
of
the
Grand
Master
;
and
by
an
express
Ambassador
,
he
bloodily
reproached
,
even
to
threaten
him
,
that
he
would
never
observe
any
Laws
of
Civility
with
men
,
that
did
not
keep
their
word
.
As
fierce
as
the
Grand
Master
was
,
he
did
not
always
give
way
to
his
Passion
;
for
when
affairs
required
moderation
,
there
was
no
person
more
tractable
,
nor
more
condescending
than
he
.
Therefore
to
appease
Bajazet
at
a
time
▪
when
it
was
not
for
the
good
of
Christendom
to
exasperate
him
,
he
gave
him
to
understand
▪
That
the
removal
of
Zizim
did
not
at
all
injure
the
Treaty
of
Peace
,
the
Tenor
of
which
was
,
in
respect
of
the
Sultan
,
That
the
Knights
should
be
answerable
for
his
Person
,
and
should
do
their
utmost
,
that
he
should
not
fall
into
the
hands
of
any
Prince
.
He
assur'd
him
,
that
Zizim
was
in
Italy
,
under
the
Guard
of
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
,
as
he
was
in
France
,
and
that
no
Prince
could
call
himself
Master
of
his
Person
.
He
added
also
,
That
the
change
of
his
Residence
was
by
the
absolute
order
of
those
whom
the
Knights
were
bound
to
obey
.
Besides
,
that
this
change
,
if
rightly
consider'd
,
had
nothing
in
it
but
what
was
advantageous
to
the
Port
:
That
Charles
the
Eighth
,
a
Person
of
great
designs
,
might
have
taken
Zizim
out
of
the
Commanderie
of
Bourgneuf
,
when-ever
he
had
had
occasion
to
make
use
of
him
;
whereas
being
in
the
Pope's
power
,
he
could
make
no
advantage
of
him
.
In
regard
that
not
having
a
power
sufficient
of
himself
,
it
was
absolutely
necessary
for
him
to
joyn
with
other
Princes
,
if
he
intended
to
carry
a
War
out
of
Italy
.
That
an
Union
was
a
difficult
affair
,
and
such
a
one
as
required
long
time
▪
as
being
oftentimes
crossed
by
the
jealousies
of
Princes
;
and
at
this
time
impossible
,
because
of
their
divisions
.
The
Grand
Master
declared
moreover
,
That
Bajazet
had
nothing
to
fear
,
while
he
kept
himself
quiet
;
but
the
least
motion
against
Italy
would
awake
all
the
Princes
of
Christendom
,
and
enforce
them
to
an
Union
against
him
.
That
now
the
best
course
he
could
take
,
was
,
to
manage
his
business
in
Italy
,
to
break
the
Correspondencies
of
the
Soldan
.
That
an
Ambassador
of
the
Port
would
be
well
received
at
Rome
,
and
that
he
was
onely
there
to
seek
for
the
success
of
his
affairs
.
The
Grand
Seignior
,
who
was
not
then
in
a
condition
to
be
revenged
for
the
breach
of
word
,
which
he
pretended
,
and
found
probability
enough
in
the
Grand
Master's
Reasons
,
never
stood
long
to
consider
what
he
had
to
do
:
He
resolved
to
be
quiet
,
and
to
follow
the
counsel
which
had
been
given
him
touching
an
Embassie
to
Rome
.
But
that
he
might
know
more
exactly
what
he
had
to
say
to
the
Pope
,
and
after
what
manner
he
should
proceed
,
sent
another
Ambassador
to
the
Grand
Master
.
This
Negotiation
continued
several
moneths
,
in
which
time
there
were
nothing
but
continual
Voyages
from
Constantinople
to
Rhodes
.
The
Grand
Master
however
put
no
confidence
in
these
Embassies
,
but
expected
a
Rupture
,
so
soon
as
Bajazet
should
have
an
opportunity
to
display
his
secret
hatred
against
the
Knights
;
and
therefore
that
the
Pope
might
have
time
to
make
a
League
between
the
Christian
Princes
,
he
spun
out
affairs
as
much
as
he
could
,
either
by
creating
difficulties
,
which
perplexed
the
Grand
Seignior
,
or
by
giving
ambiguous
Answers
,
which
were
unsatisfactory
.
While
things
thus
passed
between
the
Knights
and
the
Turks
,
one
of
the
Popes
Legates
had
like
to
have
spoiled
all
by
his
imprudence
.
Philip
de
Canova
,
whom
the
Pope
sent
to
the
Soldan
,
being
arrived
at
Caire
,
publickly
declared
very
idly
,
and
without
any
ground
,
That
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
had
no
power
in
the
affair
of
Zizim
.
He
spoke
this
so
openly
,
and
upon
so
many
occasions
,
that
the
report
thereof
came
to
the
Port.
This
news
cool'd
the
Grand
Seignior
as
to
any
further
Negotiation
with
Rhodes
,
now
growing
jealous
that
the
Knights
did
but
abuse
him
;
and
it
had
come
to
an
open
War
,
had
not
the
Grand
Master
dextrously
reconcil'd
what
the
Legat
had
spoil'd
:
He
declar'd
so
loudly
the
contrary
,
and
by
the
Popes
Letters
themselves
so
well
over-turn'd
the
falsity
that
Canova
had
averr'd
,
that
,
in
a
short
time
,
he
regain'd
the
former
confidence
which
Bajazet
had
in
him
.
The
Negotiation
was
renew'd
,
and
it
was
on
both
sides
agreed
,
that
the
Grand
Prior
Blanchefort
,
who
was
come
to
Rhodes
,
to
be
present
at
the
General
Chapter
,
and
was
to
return
to
Zizim
,
should
conduct
the
Ambassador
of
the
Port
,
that
was
to
go
to
Rome
.
An
act
so
dextrous
,
and
so
successful
,
soon
made
a
noise
over
Europe
,
and
very
much
advanc'd
the
Reputation
of
the
Grand
Master
;
He
was
the
discourse
of
all
the
Courts
of
Europe
,
and
his
name
was
so
famous
in
that
of
Castile
,
that
a
young
Lady
of
eminent
Quality
,
having
forsaken
the
World
,
admiring
what
she
had
heard
of
the
prudence
and
virtue
of
Cardinal
D'Aubusson
,
resolv'd
to
found
a
Nunnery
according
to
his
Model
of
the
Knights
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
:
To
which
purpose
,
she
requested
leave
of
the
Cardinal
;
who
over-joy'd
to
see
such
pious
and
virtuous
inclinations
in
a
young
Lady
,
readily
condescended
.
Thereupon
the
Lady
▪
whose
name
was
Isabella
di
Leon
,
descended
from
one
of
the
most
antlent
Families
in
Andalousia
,
founded
a
House
of
Religious
Virgins
,
of
the
Order
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
;
and
the
Founder
was
named
Princess
by
the
Grand
Master
,
the
Nuns
are
to
be
all
of
Noble
Race
,
and
to
be
approved
as
the
Knights
are
▪
and
they
are
particularly
to
pray
for
the
Knights
,
and
,
as
much
as
in
them
lies
,
to
forward
the
ruine
of
Mahumetism
,
and
the
exaltation
of
the
Faith
.
Isabella
Fernandes
founded
also
another
House
of
Nuns
in
Evora
,
a
City
of
Portugal
,
in
the
time
of
Villerius
,
Grand
Master
.
But
to
return
to
Bajazet
,
Chamisbuerch
his
Capigi
Basha
,
his
Ambassador
to
the
Pope
,
arrived
at
Rome
,
and
was
presented
to
his
Holiness
by
the
Grand
Prior
Blanchefort
,
who
accompani'd
him
to
the
City
.
The
Grand
Master
,
when
he
counselled
the
Embassie
,
advised
the
Grand
Seignior
to
make
a
Present
to
the
Pope
,
and
above
all
things
to
send
him
the
Head
of
the
Lance
that
pierced
the
side
of
Christ
,
which
Mahumet
laid
up
in
in
his
Treasury
among
the
rich
Spoils
which
he
found
in
the
Churches
of
Constantinople
.
The
Relick
was
suspected
at
first
,
but
upon
the
testimony
of
the
Grand
Master
,
the
Infidels
were
believed
,
who
testifi'd
,
that
he
had
had
it
from
very
credible
persons
,
that
the
Venetians
had
offered
Mahomet
15000
Crowns
in
Gold
to
retrieve
it
out
of
his
hands
,
after
the
taking
of
Constantinople
.
But
in
regard
it
was
the
intention
of
the
Grand
Seignior
wholly
to
gain
the
Pope
,
he
added
to
his
Present
very
obliging
Letters
,
wherein
,
after
he
had
given
him
an
account
of
an
Expedition
which
he
had
made
against
the
Rebels
of
Macedonia
,
he
swore
an
inviolable
friendship
with
him
,
and
besought
him
,
that
his
Brother
Zizim
might
always
remain
under
the
Guard
of
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
,
according
to
the
Articles
he
had
made
with
them
.
These
submissions
of
Bajazet
very
much
pleased
the
Pope
,
and
were
no
small
honour
to
the
Grand
Master
:
He
had
a
thousand
Applauses
in
Italy
,
and
received
the
Complements
of
all
the
Christian
Princes
.
But
an
unhappy
accident
did
not
long
permit
him
quietly
to
enjoy
this
Honour
;
for
a
young
Gentleman
,
of
a
good
House
,
who
was
then
in
the
service
of
the
Knight
Puis
,
Bayliff
of
the
Morea
,
and
Captain
of
the
Castle
of
St.
Peter
,
stealing
away
from
his
Masters
House
,
and
having
renounced
his
Religion
in
Turkey
,
the
Peace
was
just
upon
the
point
of
being
broken
between
the
Christians
and
the
Turks
.
For
the
Bayliff
of
the
Morea
,
touched
to
the
quick
at
what
had
befall'n
his
Page
,
took
a
strange
resolution
to
recover
him
;
he
Sallies
out
of
the
Castle
with
some
Soldiers
,
and
entring
into
Lycia
,
he
takes
,
by
way
of
Reprisal
,
two
young
Turks
,
Sons
of
the
most
considerable
person
in
the
Countrey
,
notwithstanding
the
resistance
made
by
their
Father
,
whom
he
slew
with
his
own
hand
.
So
violent
an
act
seemed
to
the
Barbarians
a
visible
breach
of
the
Peace
.
They
take
Arms
▪
and
march
directly
to
the
Castle
of
St.
Peter
,
whether
the
Bayliff
of
the
Morea
was
retired
with
his
Prey
.
The
Sultan
Zalabi
,
the
Grand
Seignior's
Son
,
and
Governour
of
Lycia
,
sent
an
Agent
to
Rhodes
,
to
complain
of
the
Attempt
made
by
the
Knights
of
the
Castle
of
St.
Peter
.
The
Bayliff's
act
was
neither
prudent
nor
just
,
so
that
the
Grand
Master
could
not
but
,
with
sorrow
,
very
much
resent
it
:
and
he
had
not
stuck
a
moment
to
have
delivered
both
the
Children
back
again
,
but
that
one
of
them
testified
an
inclination
to
turn
Christian
.
But
the
young
Turk
declaring
,
that
he
was
resolved
to
continue
a
Mussulman
,
and
hated
the
very
thought
of
Christianity
,
the
Governour
of
Lycia
was
satisfied
with
the
restoration
of
the
two
Prisoners
.
Thus
was
the
Tranquility
of
the
Province
re-setled
,
nor
had
the
Subjects
any
thing
more
to
fear
,
but
onely
the
Rapines
of
certain
Pirats
that
infested
their
Coasts
;
the
,
most
famous
was
Don
Diego
Ordonna
,
a
Spaniard
by
Nation
,
a
person
bold
and
daring
,
of
a
savage
humour
,
and
a
bestial
valour
,
more
barbarous
than
the
Infidels
,
cruising
all
Coasts
with
an
Armed
Caravel
,
and
acknowledging
no
Right
but
Force
,
nor
any
God
but
Interest
.
He
had
taken
a
little
before
certain
Merchants
Vessels
within
sight
of
Rhodes
;
and
his
power
at
Sea
was
grown
so
formidable
,
that
the
Ships
of
the
Order
durst
hardly
venture
out
of
the
Port.
The
Grand
Master
could
not
brook
the
Insolencies
and
Robberies
of
this
Castilian
Pirate
.
And
knowing
that
Ferdinand
and
Isabel
,
who
were
then
subduing
the
Moors
,
did
not
allow
a
Castilian
Pirate
to
be
so
vexatious
to
the
Christians
;
he
sent
against
him
the
Knight
Raymond
Thivian
with
his
Galley
,
and
another
Man
of
War
with
a
Crew
of
stout
Knights
;
who
coming
up
with
this
Pirate
,
pli'd
him
so
warmly
,
that
he
was
constrained
to
yield
,
after
a
vigorous
resistance
:
he
was
brought
to
Rhodes
chain'd
hand
and
foot
,
and
afterwards
broken
alive
upon
the
Wheel
;
his
Goods
▪
that
were
Confiscated
to
the
Grand
Master
,
were
,
by
his
order
,
distributed
to
the
Merchants
that
he
rob'd
.
The
Island
of
Lango
was
,
about
this
time
afflicted
with
several
calamities
together
;
a
horrible
and
sudden
Earthquake
,
that
lasted
for
several
days
,
threw
down
most
part
of
the
houses
in
the
Countrey
of
Naranga
;
and
what
was
more
lamentable
,
this
calamity
happen'd
in
a
time
,
that
a
dreadful
Contagion
over-spread
the
Island
.
It
is
not
to
be
imagin'd
how
much
the
Grand
Master
was
afflicted
for
the
miseries
of
these
poor
people
,
nor
how
great
his
cares
were
for
their
relief
.
He
sent
two
great
Vessels
,
laden
with
all
necessaries
,
for
their
support
,
and
caused
the
Lake
of
Naranga
to
be
speedily
cleansed
,
and
the
Tyde
to
be
let
into
it
,
to
carry
away
the
noisome
Vapours
that
might
corrupt
the
air
.
And
so
well
his
pains
succeeded
,
that
the
Contagion
ceas'd
so
soon
as
the
Lake
was
cleansed
.
But
these
employments
at
home
,
did
not
make
the
Grand
Master
forget
his
affairs
abroad
:
He
continually
sollicited
the
Pope
to
pacifie
Italy
;
and
he
besought
him
still
to
conclude
,
with
all
the
speed
that
might
be
,
a
League
between
the
Christian
Princes
.
But
all
these
sollicitations
and
prayers
took
no
effect
.
Innocent
died
of
a
sudden
,
and
all
those
hopes
that
all
good
men
had
conceived
died
with
him
.
The
advancement
of
Roderic
Borgia
,
by
the
name
of
Alexander
the
Sixth
,
little
avail'd
to
comfort
the
Grand
Master
for
the
loss
which
the
Church
had
received
.
The
humour
of
the
new
Pope
promised
little
good
to
Christendom
;
for
there
was
little
good
to
be
expected
from
a
person
,
who
had
purchased
the
Suffrages
of
the
Cardinals
to
enjoy
a
place
,
of
which
he
knew
himself
unworthy
.
He
had
been
Protector
of
the
Order
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
while
he
was
Cardinal
,
and
by
a
Brief
which
he
sent
to
the
Grand
Master
,
he
declar'd
,
That
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
should
still
be
in
his
most
favourable
thoughts
.
But
the
Effects
were
no
way
answerable
to
his
words
.
Alexander
first
shewed
his
Pontifical
Authority
,
by
taking
into
his
own
possession
the
Person
of
Prince
Zizim
,
contrary
to
the
Agreement
made
between
Innocent
and
the
Knights
.
He
shut
up
the
Sultan
the
Castle
of
St.
Angelo
,
and
dismissing
the
Knights
who
had
always
been
about
him
,
put
him
into
the
possession
of
his
Nephews
,
of
which
one
was
a
Knight
of
Rhodes
.
His
pretence
was
,
that
a
life
so
pretious
as
that
of
the
Prince
,
would
be
less
exposed
to
the
Ambuscado's
of
his
Enemies
in
a
strong
place
;
and
that
one
Knight
of
Rhodes
being
near
him
▪
the
rest
were
needless
in
a
place
that
did
defend
it self
:
and
these
Excuses
he
sent
by
an
Express
to
the
Grand
Master
.
But
the
true
motive
that
induc'd
the
Pope
to
this
act
,
was
,
because
that
understanding
the
King
of
France
was
preparing
for
an
Expedition
into
Italy
,
he
would
have
wherewithall
to
cross
or
promote
his
designs
,
as
he
should
judge
most
proper
for
his
Interests
.
For
Charles
the
VIII
.
did
not
onely
intend
the
Conquest
of
Naples
;
for
Fame
every
where
reported
,
that
he
was
resolved
to
have
carried
his
Arms
into
Greece
.
Whether
this
design
were
onely
in
thought
,
or
actually
intended
,
I
will
not
dispute
;
but
certain
it
is
,
that
he
communicated
it
to
the
Grand
Prior
Blanchefort
,
whom
the
Affairs
of
the
Order
enforced
to
travel
out
of
Italy
into
France
;
and
he
testifi'd
several
times
the
earnest
desire
he
had
to
see
the
Grand
Master
,
that
he
might
consult
with
him
about
a
Voyage
beyond
the
Seas
.
Zizim
was
extremely
displeas'd
to
see
himself
in
the
hands
of
Alexander
,
and
under
the
Guard
of
his
Nephews
,
being
always
accustom'd
to
the
Knights
who
had
accompani'd
him
both
in
France
and
Italy
.
As
they
had
always
great
respect
for
him
,
and
,
in
serving
him
,
had
always
sought
to
make
his
condition
more
pleasant
;
he
lov'd
them
tenderly
,
and
could
not
chuse
but
shed
tears
when
he
took
his
leave
of
them
.
He
did
for
them
all
that
lay
in
the
power
of
his
Fortune
;
he
wrote
to
the
Grand
Master
in
their
behalf
,
representing
to
him
the
value
of
their
services
,
and
assuring
him
,
that
what
ever
favours
he
bestowed
upon
them
,
he
would
put
upon
his
own
account
,
as
done
to
himself
.
He
besought
him
likewise
not
to
abandon
an
unfortunate
person
,
who
ow'd
his
life
to
him
,
and
from
whom
he
could
only
hope
for
a
change
of
his
condition
.
In
the
mean
while
,
Charles
the
8th
.
pass'd
the
Mountains
at
the
head
of
all
the
Gallantry
and
Stoutness
in
his
Kingdom
;
and
having
cross'd
,
like
a
Victor
,
the
half
of
Italy
,
he
march'd
on
,
and
presented
himself
before
Rome
.
The
Pope
,
of
whom
he
only
demanded
passage
through
his
Countrey
,
was
afraid
lest
,
under
that
pretence
,
he
should
make
himself
Master
of
the
City
;
but
the
presence
of
so
great
an
Army
would
not
permit
him
to
listen
to
his
fear
,
he
granted
what
he
could
not
refuse
.
And
though
the
King
,
by
a
publick
Manifesto
,
declar'd
,
that
he
only
came
to
Rome
to
accomplish
a
Vow
that
he
had
made
,
and
that
he
only
went
to
Naples
in
his
way
to
Constantinople
,
yet
he
gave
no
credit
to
his
words
.
For
Alexander
,
who
had
no
kindness
at
all
for
the
French
,
and
had
disoblig'd
them
upon
several
occasions
,
easily
imagin'd
,
according
to
his
Principles
,
that
they
would
not
lose
so
fair
an
opportunity
to
revenge
themselves
.
But
as
he
had
a
nimble
craft
,
he
sought
always
to
give
them
satisfaction
,
and
condescended
to
what-ever
they
desir'd
.
He
gave
the
young
Conquerour
the
Investiture
of
both
Sicilies
,
and
Crown'd
him
Emperour
of
Constantinople
.
Besides
that
,
he
deliver'd
into
his
hands
Sultan
Zizim
,
whom
the
King
had
chiefly
requested
,
out
of
a
design
to
pursue
his
Conquests
into
the
East
,
after
he
had
master'd
Naples
.
The
Ottoman
Prince
was
surrender'd
to
the
French
by
a
solemn
Act
,
and
with
a
publick
Ceremony
,
where
Alexander
and
Charles
were
present
.
He
saluted
Charles
after
such
a
manner
,
as
neither
bespake
him
a
Barbarian
nor
a
Prisoner
.
After
he
had
kiss'd
his
Shoulder
and
his
Hand
,
with
a
lofty
Air
,
he
told
the
King
,
That
he
hop'd
the
French
would
,
in
his
person
,
consider
the
Ottoman
Race
;
and
added
,
that
when
they
should
cross
over
into
Greece
,
he
should
find
a
way
to
acknowledge
their
Civilities
.
Charles
was
ravish'd
with
admiration
of
the
Great
Soul
which
he
saw
in
the
Sultan
,
and
treated
him
with
so
much
Courtesie
and
Generosity
,
that
Zizim
testifi'd
his
joy
for
being
fall'n
into
the
hands
of
so
generous
a
Monarch
.
They
departed
from
Rome
for
Naples
both
together
;
but
the
poor
Prince
,
who
prepar'd
himself
to
assist
the
Enterprise
of
the
French
,
and
who
was
in
hopes
to
raise
his
own
Fortune
by
following
theirs
,
felt
himself
struck
by
the
way
with
an
unknown
distemper
,
that
carri'd
him
off
in
a
few
days
.
His
death
surpriz'd
all
men
,
and
there
was
great
enquiry
made
into
the
cause
.
They
that
were
of
the
Popes's
party
reported
,
that
he
gave
himself
too
much
over
to
his
Pleasures
the
first
days
of
his
liberty
,
and
that
he
kill'd
himself
with
excess
of
Debauchery
.
Others
say
▪
that
the
Venetians
corrupted
with
money
by
the
Turks
,
and
alarm'd
at
the
French
Expedition
,
had
secretly
given
him
poison
.
But
most
accuse
the
Pope
to
have
deliver'd
him
poison'd
to
Charles
the
8th
.
to
the
end
that
France
should
get
no
advantage
by
him
;
and
the
report
ran
,
that
Alexander
receiv'd
THE
HISTORY
OF
Peter
D'Aubusson
,
Grand
Master
of
RHODES
.
Book
Sixth
.
THe
Grand
Master
,
who
took
very
heavily
the
news
of
Zizim's
Captivity
,
could
not
receive
the
news
of
his
death
without
indignation
and
horrour
;
and
he
found
himself
laden
with
all
the
grief
that
a
man
could
have
,
for
the
death
of
a
person
so
extremely
dear
to
him
.
But
when
the
Interest
of
Christianity
intermix'd
with
that
tenderness
,
all
his
Fortitude
was
little
enough
to
support
him
from
being
wholly
deprest
by
an
accident
so
Tragical
.
He
ador'd
the
profound
wisdom
of
God
,
that
would
not
suffer
the
Christians
to
reap
any
advantage
from
the
person
of
the
Ottoman
Prince
,
and
permitted
them
,
who
had
most
interest
to
preserve
him
,
to
be
his
destroyers
.
But
he
admired
as
well
the
conduct
of
Providence
,
that
would
not
give
the
Infidel
liberty
to
gain
any
benefit
by
his
death
;
but
to
unhinge
all
their
designs
,
gave
Victory
to
the
Triumphant
Arms
of
France
in
Italy
.
Ferdinand
King
of
Naples
being
dead
of
an
Apoplexy
,
after
Matthias
Corvin
,
King
of
Hungary
,
and
Pope
Innocent
the
Eighth
,
who
both
died
of
the
same
disease
;
Alfonso
,
a
wicked
Prince
,
hated
by
the
Nobility
and
People
,
succeeded
his
Father
;
but
terrifi'd
by
the
rapid
march
of
the
French
,
and
fearing
besides
the
dire
effects
of
publick
Rage
,
he
left
his
Crown
to
his
Son
Ferdinand
,
and
retir'd
into
Sicily
.
The
new
King
also
follow'd
the
example
of
Alfonso
;
and
after
he
had
awhile
disputed
with
the
French
the
Avenues
of
the
Kingdom
,
abandon'd
it
quite
;
so
that
the
King
of
France
made
himself
Master
of
the
Capital
Cities
without
striking
one
stroke
.
All
Turky
trembled
at
the
progress
of
the
French
Army
,
and
the
terrour
was
so
great
at
Constantinople
,
that
the
Priests
of
the
Mahumetan
Religion
publickly
cri'd
out
,
That
the
Turkish
Empire
was
lost
without
redemption
.
Now
before
the
Forces
,
appointed
for
the
Expedition
of
Italy
set
out
of
France
,
Charles
the
8th
.
had
sent
to
Rhodes
the
Grand
Prior
Blanchefort
,
to
desire
the
Grand
Master
to
meet
him
at
Rome
.
He
also
dispatch'd
away
to
him
the
Commander
of
Angers
with
very
urgent
Letters
,
so
soon
as
he
had
cross'd
the
Mountains
.
More
then
this
,
as
he
earnestly
desir'd
this
Enterview
,
though
whether
to
be
truly
instructed
as
to
the
design
he
had
upon
the
Levant
,
or
to
dazle
the
World
,
that
it
should
not
be
known
which
way
he
bended
,
is
uncertain
;
he
desir'd
the
Pope
to
write
to
the
Grand
Master
,
and
wrote
to
him
also
with
his
own
hand
.
And
indeed
his
Letter
was
the
most
civil
and
engaging
in
the
world
:
For
after
that
he
had
declar'd
,
that
he
could
not
live
without
his
counsel
,
nor
enterprize
any
thing
upon
the
Levant
but
under
his
Conduct
,
he
conjur'd
him
to
hasten
his
Voyage
,
for
the
reasons
which
he
had
declar'd
to
the
Grand
Prior
Blanchefort
his
Nephew
,
to
whom
he
had
open'd
his
mind
as
to
a
Knight
of
great
prudence
,
and
of
absolute
experience
.
This
Letter
coming
to
Rhodes
before
the
Grand
Prior
,
whom
stress
of
weather
had
beaten
off
from
the
Island
,
the
Grand
Master
,
who
believ'd
such
flattering
expressions
could
not
be
sincere
;
and
who
saw
but
small
foundations
for
a
design
that
France
made
such
a
stir
about
,
return'd
for
answer
to
the
King
,
That
he
could
not
but
highly
applaud
his
Majesty's
Zeal
;
That
it
was
too
much
honour
for
him
to
fight
under
his
Banners
,
or
to
contribute
any
thing
to
the
Glory
of
his
Atchievments
.
But
in
regard
the
Grand
Prior
Blanchefort
had
order
to
declare
to
him
the
whole
secrets
of
the
Affair
,
he
daily
expected
to
obey
his
Majesty's
Orders
.
The
King
▪
out
of
his
impatience
to
see
the
Grand
Master
in
Italy
▪
wrote
him
a
second
Letter
so
soon
as
he
was
enter'd
Naples
.
He
also
desir'd
Cardinal
Briconnet
,
and
Cardinal
de
Garce
,
who
accompani'd
him
,
and
to
whom
the
Pope
had
given
Caps
at
his
instance
,
to
write
both
of
them
to
the
same
effect
.
The
first
only
exhorted
him
in
general
terms
,
not
to
deny
that
which
was
requested
of
him
with
so
much
ardenoy
.
The
second
,
who
had
more
zeal
,
went
more
home
to
the
business
,
and
after
he
had
given
him
an
account
of
all
that
had
pass'd
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
desir'd
him
that
he
would
condescend
to
be
a
Tutor
to
a
young
Conquerour
,
who
was
wholly
intent
upon
the
delivery
of
Greece
,
and
whose
hopes
depended
upon
the
Counsels
of
a
Captain
so
experienc'd
,
and
so
formidable
to
the
Enemies
of
the
Faith
.
He
added
,
That
in
that
little
time
that
so
glorious
an
Enterprise
was
delay'd
,
the
opportunity
was
in
danger
to
be
lost
.
That
it
was
to
be
fear'd
,
lest
the
debaucheries
that
usually
attend
upon
great
Conquests
,
might
corrupt
the
Courages
of
the
French
Soldiers
;
That
the
sins
of
Victors
might
draw
upon
them
the
malediction
of
Heaven
;
That
the
Enemies
of
France
sow'd
jealousies
in
the
minds
of
the
Princes
of
Italy
,
to
engage
them
to
cross
the
designs
of
Charles
;
and
that
all
preparations
were
making
to
form
a
League
against
him
.
That
several
,
under
the
pretence
of
the
good
of
his
Kingdom
,
advis'd
him
to
return
into
France
,
before
he
enter'd
upon
the
Holy
War
.
The
Cardinal
at
last
concluded
,
That
the
sole
presence
of
the
Grand
Master
was
enough
to
stay
the
King
,
and
to
ascertain
the
Expedition
into
the
Levant
.
But
the
Letters
of
the
Cardinals
did
not
work
that
effect
which
they
expected
.
The
Grand
Master
was
confirm'd
by
their
own
reasons
,
that
the
Expedition
which
they
projected
against
the
Turks
,
was
not
an
Enterprise
that
had
any
solid
ground
:
he
was
a
little
distrustful
of
the
inconstancy
of
the
French
,
and
the
Youth
of
the
Conqueror
.
Besides
,
he
understood
,
that
the
League
against
France
was
almost
come
to
a
period
,
and
that
the
Pope
,
the
the
Venetians
,
the
Emperor
,
and
the
King
of
Spain
had
all
entred
into
it
.
He
had
also
news
at
the
same
time
,
that
the
Turks
,
enrag'd
at
the
death
of
Zizim
,
were
setting
forth
a
considerable
Fleet
,
and
that
the
Tempest
threatned
the
Islands
of
the
Order
,
with
whom
they
had
now
no
more
occasion
to
deal
so
warily
.
So
that
his
Voyage
into
Italy
appearing
useless
,
and
his
presence
being
necessary
in
the
East
,
he
thought
it
sufficient
to
congratulate
Charles
the
8th
.
for
his
Conquest
of
Naples
,
and
to
flatter
him
with
that
of
Constantinople
;
assuring
him
,
that
a
Prince
so
valiant
and
so
fortunate
as
he
,
had
need
of
no
other
Conductors
then
his
own
Courage
and
Fortune
to
bring
the
greatest
Enterprises
to
pass
:
That
the
Knights
were
overjoy'd
to
see
him
so
advantagiously
seated
for
a
beyond-Sea
Invasion
:
and
concluding
his
Letter
,
That
he
had
not
yet
heard
from
the
Grand
Prior
Blanchefort
,
whom
he
either
thought
to
be
cast
away
,
or
taken
by
the
Pirates
.
The
event
shew'd
,
that
the
Grand
Master
had
no
such
reason
to
be
hasty
in
his
Voyage
.
For
Charles
the
8th
.
himself
speedily
on
a
sudden
leaves
Naples
,
and
bends
his
march
for
France
.
Whether
it
were
,
that
that
restlesness
which
is
natural
to
the
French
caus'd
him
to
quit
what
he
had
Conquer'd
,
or
whether
all
Europe
Leagu'd
against
him
,
occasion'd
his
retreat
.
However
,
there
was
no
discourse
after
that
,
either
of
any
Expedition
beyond-Sea
,
or
of
any
Conquest
of
Constantinople
.
At
the
time
that
Charles
absolutely
laid
aside
all
thoughts
of
the
Holy
War
,
Maximilian
began
to
plot
it
in
his
mind
,
either
out
of
a
real
Zeal
,
or
an
Envious
Emulation
to
reproach
the
French
in
some
sort
,
that
they
had
not
done
what
they
boasted
to
do
against
the
Turk
.
However
,
he
did
not
think
it
convenient
to
do
any
thing
without
advising
with
the
Grand
Master
:
To
which
purpose
he
sent
unto
him
Ralph
of
Wittenbergh
,
Knight
of
Rhodes
,
and
Grand
Prior
of
Germany
.
This
new
Ambassador
declar'd
at
a
publick
Audience
▪
That
Maximilian
having
resolv'd
to
turn
all
the
Force
of
the
Empire
against
the
common
Enemy
,
he
durst
not
venture
to
proceed
,
till
he
had
consulted
before-hand
the
Cardinal
Grand
Master
,
the
Oracle
of
the
Christian
Princes
,
the
Terror
of
the
Infidels
,
and
Glory
of
the
East
:
That
he
desir'd
private
Ties
of
Union
,
and
an
entire
correspondence
with
him
,
to
the
end
he
might
follow
his
directions
in
all
things
,
which
he
desir'd
him
not
to
refuse
to
those
that
requested
them
sincerely
.
The
Grand
Master
made
answer
publickly
,
That
he
was
highly
oblig'd
to
the
Emperour
for
his
Reliance
and
Esteem
;
but
that
he
did
not
deserve
those
splendid
Titles
with
which
his
Imperial
Majesty
had
honour'd
him
;
and
that
though
the
Order
had
signaliz'd
themselves
against
the
Infidels
for
some
years
since
,
those
happy
Successes
were
to
be
attributed
to
the
valour
of
the
Knights
,
and
the
Protection
of
Heaven
.
After
which
,
in
a
discourse
in
private
with
the
Ambassador
,
he
laid
open
to
him
all
the
insight
which
he
had
into
the
Holy
War
,
what
Enterprises
were
to
be
undertaken
against
the
Turk
either
by
Sea
or
Land
,
and
which
were
the
most
probable
ways
to
succeed
.
The
wrongs
and
damages
which
the
Turks
at
that
time
did
to
the
Vessels
of
the
Order
,
did
not
a
little
help
to
heat
the
Grand
Master
,
and
cause
him
to
close
with
the
designs
of
the
Emperor
.
Several
Infidels
that
inhabited
the
Coasts
of
Lycia
,
nearest
to
Rhodes
,
put
to
Sea
every
day
,
and
pretending
themselves
to
be
Pirats
,
pillag'd
the
Isles
of
the
Order
;
they
also
made
inrodes
into
Caria
,
and
brav'd
the
Knights
even
to
the
very
Gates
of
the
Castle
of
St.
Peter
.
The
Grand
Master
sends
out
certain
Vessels
against
these
pretended
Pirats
,
of
which
,
some
were
taken
,
and
punish'd
to
the
utmost
of
their
deserts
.
But
these
disorders
continuing
,
he
writes
to
the
Port
,
to
know
whether
the
Grand
Seignior
authorised
these
violences
or
no.
The
Pirats
intercept
the
Letters
,
and
kill
the
Bearers
.
The
Grand
Master
being
advertiz'd
thereof
,
sought
a
more
sure
way
to
write
to
Bajazet
,
and
did
it
with
all
the
fierceness
that
a
just
resentment
could
inspire
him
with
.
Now
though
Bajazet
were
,
as
we
said
before
,
exasperated
in
his
heart
against
the
Knights
,
and
had
little
value
for
them
since
the
death
of
his
Brother
;
yet
he
was
still
unwilling
to
display
his
fury
:
So
that
he
order'd
the
Beglerbei
of
Anatolia
severely
to
punish
the
Criminals
.
He
also
sent
to
Rhodes
a
Prudent
and
Intelligent
Person
,
to
examine
the
Losses
which
the
Rhodians
had
sustain'd
,
and
to
assure
them
,
in
the
name
of
his
Highness
,
that
all
should
be
restor'd
with
Interest
.
While
the
Grand
Seignior
labour'd
in
this
manner
to
satisfie
the
Grand
Master
,
some
of
the
Rhodians
,
interrested
in
the
Goods
which
the
Pirats
had
taken
,
secretly
set
forth
some
Vessels
,
and
exercis'd
several
acts
of
Hostility
upon
the
Coast
of
Lycia
,
pillaging
Villages
,
taking
Ships
,
and
carrying
away
the
very
persons
of
the
Turks
.
When
the
Grand
Master
was
inform'd
of
it
,
he
would
not
stay
till
the
Beglerbei
complain'd
;
he
caus'd
the
chief
in
the
Enterprize
to
be
Arrested
;
and
having
discover'd
that
the
Knights
had
a
share
,
he
nam'd
Commissioners
to
examine
the
matter
,
resolv'd
to
proceed
against
the
guilty
with
all
the
rigour
of
the
Statutes
,
which
possitively
forbid
the
Knights
to
set
forth
any
Vessels
of
War
without
express
leave
.
Thus
was
the
Grand
Master
perplex'd
at
home
;
abroad
he
was
as
ill
satisfi'd
with
the
Church
of
Rome
;
For
Alexander
became
more
proud
then
ever
by
the
retreat
of
the
French
Army
,
had
no
regard
to
the
Priviledges
which
his
Predecessor
had
granted
to
the
Order
of
St.
John
of
Jerusalem
,
touching
the
Collation
of
Benefices
.
Francis
Bossolx
,
a
Catalonian
by
birth
,
one
of
the
most
Antient
and
most
Illustrious
Knights
of
his
Language
,
had
conferr'd
upon
him
by
the
Grand
Master
the
Priory
of
Catalonia
.
The
Pope
not
considering
either
the
Age
,
or
the
Merit
of
the
Knight
,
conferr'd
the
same
Priorate
,
with
the
Commendary
of
Navelles
,
upon
Lewis
Borgia
his
Nephew
.
So
unjust
an
act
estranged
all
their
hearts
from
the
Pope
,
and
occasion'd
much
trouble
at
Rhodes
.
It
was
therefore
resolv'd
in
Counsel
to
complain
thereof
in
all
the
Courts
of
Christendom
,
and
particularly
to
that
of
Spain
.
To
which
purpose
Commissioners
were
named
,
and
the
Grand
Prior
of
Portugal
,
the
Bayliff
of
Negropont
,
the
Commendator
Villel
,
and
the
Knight
de
Gotor
,
in
Quality
of
Extraordinary
Ambassadors
.
The
Grand
Master
wrote
to
Ferdinand
a
long
Letter
,
wherein
after
he
had
set
forth
how
much
scandal
and
disorder
the
injustice
of
Alexander
had
caused
in
the
Order
,
he
besought
his
Majesty
to
espouse
their
Interests
,
and
to
mediate
vigorously
for
them
to
the
Pope
.
Ferdinand
,
who
was
not
ignorant
of
the
Services
which
the
Grand
Master
had
done
the
Holy
See
,
found
his
complaints
so
just
,
that
he
presently
put
the
Knight
de
Bostolx
in
possession
of
the
Priory
of
Catalogne
.
He
assur'd
the
Ambassadors
also
,
that
while
he
liv'd
,
no
other
Knights
of
Rhodes
,
but
such
as
were
appointed
and
endow'd
by
the
Grand
Master
,
should
enjoy
the
Revenues
of
his
Order
within
his
Dominions
.
He
also
wrote
to
the
Pope
at
the
same
time
,
and
very
earnestly
represented
to
him
,
That
the
courses
he
took
steer'd
directly
to
the
ruine
of
the
Order
,
wholly
devoted
to
the
Holy
See
.
That
the
Zeal
of
the
Knights
was
not
altogether
so
pure
and
Angelical
,
but
that
they
had
an
eye
upon
Temporal
Recompences
,
while
they
fought
against
the
common
Enemy
of
the
Faith
;
and
that
both
their
Zeal
and
Courage
too
would
cool
,
when
they
beheld
the
Price
of
their
Labours
and
their
Sweat
in
the
hands
of
Strangers
and
unknown
Persons
:
So
that
if
his
Holiness
did
not
preserve
their
Priviledges
,
it
might
be
fear'd
,
that
the
Rampart
of
Christendom
might
be
expos'd
to
the
fury
of
the
Infidels
.
Alexander
submitted
to
the
Reasons
,
or
at
least
to
the
Authority
of
the
King
of
Castile
.
He
revoked
the
Collation
which
he
had
made
in
favour
of
his
Nephew
;
and
the
Grand
Master
gave
the
Commenderie
of
Wovelles
,
with
that
of
Baioles
to
Don
Ferrand
of
Arragon
,
of
the
Royal
Family
,
and
very
dear
to
the
King
of
Castile
,
having
before
that
created
him
a
Knight
.
In
the
mean
time
intelligence
came
,
that
the
Turks
were
building
great
Ships
,
and
every
where
made
great
Preparations
for
War
.
Thereupon
the
Grand
Master
sent
an
Ambassador
to
Constantinople
,
in
shew
,
to
Congratulate
the
Grand
Signior
upon
his
recovery
from
sickness
,
but
really
to
penetrate
into
the
design
of
those
new
Preparations
.
Bajazet
kept
his
design
very
secret
:
but
the
publick
rumor
of
the
Port
was
,
that
those
Preparations
were
intended
against
Egypt
,
and
was
a
report
probable
enough
.
Cairbei
had
been
dead
some
months
before
,
and
the
youngest
of
his
Sons
was
advanc'd
to
the
Throne
by
the
subtilty
of
a
Circassian
Mamaluke
,
who
did
what
he
pleas'd
at
Caire
,
and
pretended
to
govern
during
the
Minority
of
the
Infant
.
But
an
absolute
Authority
in
one
particular
Subject
is
always
suspected
and
odious
.
The
principal
Nobility
of
the
Court
would
not
endure
the
new
Government
;
so
that
instead
of
doing
Homage
to
the
new
Sovereign
,
they
revolted
from
him
,
and
made
Confederacies
with
the
Turks
to
deprive
him
of
his
Crown
.
The
Grand
Master
was
inform'd
of
the
rumour
of
the
Court
,
but
he
believ'd
it
so
much
the
less
,
the
more
the
Grand
Signior's
Ministers
desir'd
it
should
be
believ'd
.
He
kept
himself
upon
his
Guard
,
and
gave
order
for
every
thing
.
He
engag'd
in
the
Service
of
the
Order
all
Strangers
Ships
that
us'd
the
Levant
Seas
.
He
hir'd
Companies
of
Spanish
Infantry
out
of
Sicily
,
from
whence
he
also
sent
for
Corn
in
abundance
.
The
Grand
Prior
Blanchefort
,
after
a
dangerous
Voyage
,
at
length
arriving
safe
,
had
order
to
go
for
France
to
make
his
Complements
,
and
to
desire
aid
of
the
Successor
to
Charles
the
VIII
.
who
was
dead
of
an
Apoplexy
,
a
disease
fatal
to
great
men
in
that
Age.
Thereupon
Lewis
the
XII
.
who
had
a
great
esteem
for
the
Grand
Master
,
kindly
receiv'd
the
Grand
Prior
,
and
order'd
two
and
twenty
great
Ships
to
be
made
ready
for
the
service
of
the
Knights
.
At
that
time
,
the
Grand
Master
understanding
,
that
Henry
the
VIII
.
King
of
England
,
laid
out
for
the
fairest
Turky
Carpets
that
were
to
be
got
,
presented
him
with
some
that
were
very
rare
.
Henry
became
sensible
of
the
Civilities
of
the
Grand
Master
,
and
,
in
acknowledgment
,
sent
him
several
excellent
Pieces
of
Artillery
,
with
some
Horses
of
an
extraordinary
Mettle
and
Colour
.
Ladislaus
King
of
Hungary
,
who
,
of
all
the
Princes
of
Europe
,
was
most
liable
to
be
a
Prey
to
the
Barbarians
,
offered
the
Knights
of
St.
John
two
Provinces
of
his
Dominions
,
to
engage
them
all
together
to
his
Interests
.
But
the
Grand
Master
was
not
of
that
humour
to
despoil
a
Prince
,
to
protect
him
;
he
refus'd
the
offers
of
Ladislaus
,
but
promis'd
him
all
manner
of
assistance
.
Blanchefort
was
no
sooner
return'd
to
Rhodes
,
but
the
Armada
of
the
Turks
pass'd
through
the
Straits
of
Gallipoly
;
the
Course
they
steer'd
at
first
caus'd
a
great
fear
,
that
the
Storm
threaten'd
the
Order
of
St.
John
;
but
soon
after
it
was
seen
to
fall
upon
the
Republick
of
Venice
.
The
Turks
pretended
,
that
they
had
suffered
great
wrongs
in
Romania
,
and
the
Morea
.
Besides
that
,
the
Proveditor
Prioly
having
met
a
Turkish
Vessel
alone
near
Meteline
,
and
perceiving
that
the
Ship
,
in
stead
of
Loring
Sail
,
fir'd
at
them
with
all
her
Artillery
,
fought
and
sunk
her
.
Now
though
the
Act
of
Prioli
was
regular
,
however
,
it
incens'd
the
Grand
Signior
,
who
lov'd
the
Captain
of
the
Ship
;
for
which
reason
he
resolv'd
a
War
against
them
:
nevertheless
he
did
not
at
all
declare
his
resentment
.
For
Zancari
,
whom
the
Senate
sent
to
discover
the
inclinations
of
the
Port
,
received
a
thousand
Caresses
from
Bajazet
.
Nay
,
the
Barbarian
desir'd
to
renew
his
Alliance
with
the
Republick
;
but
he
caus'd
the
Articles
of
the
new
Treaty
to
be
written
in
Latine
,
to
the
end
he
might
break
it
when
he
pleas'd
,
according
to
the
Principles
of
the
Mahumetan
Law
,
which
suffers
them
not
to
have
any
regard
to
their
words
in
Contracts
,
that
are
not
written
in
their
own
Language
.
At
the
same
time
that
the
Ottoman
Fleet
sail'd
out
of
the
Streight
,
the
Grand
Signior
enter'd
into
Romania
with
a
powerful
Army
,
having
imprison'd
before
all
the
Venetians
that
were
at
Constantinople
.
One
part
of
the
Turkish
Cavalry
was
divided
from
the
rest
,
and
sent
to
harass
the
Countreys
of
Zara
and
Dalmatia
.
General
Grimani
,
who
lay
at
Modon
with
the
Fleet
of
the
Republick
,
had
implor'd
the
assistance
of
the
Grand
Master
upon
the
first
noise
of
the
War
.
But
he
more
urgently
requested
his
aid
,
when
he
saw
the
Turks
double
the
Point
of
the
Morea
.
Justiniani
,
who
commanded
in
Candy
,
joyned
his
requests
with
those
of
Grimani
;
and
both
of
them
sent
to
Rhodes
certain
Letters
from
the
Duke
Barbarigo
.
The
Grand
Master
look'd
on
the
attempt
of
the
Turks
upon
the
Venetians
,
as
a
violation
of
the
Treaty
of
Peace
made
with
the
Order
,
by
reason
they
were
oblig'd
not
to
molest
the
Christians
:
so
that
he
made
no
scruple
to
succour
the
Venetians
in
the
present
Conjuncture
.
But
because
he
would
not
make
too
great
a
noise
,
he
onely
sent
them
the
Spanish
Infantry
that
was
come
from
Sicily
,
and
some
other
Foreign
Troops
.
The
Republick
also
at
the
same
time
sent
to
the
King
of
France
,
to
obtain
of
his
Majesty
the
Vessels
design'd
for
the
assistance
of
Rhodes
.
Who
thereupon
being
then
in
League
with
the
Pope
and
the
Venetians
against
the
Duke
of
Milan
,
gave
order
to
his
Admiral
to
sail
away
for
Greece
,
to
observe
the
countenances
of
the
Turks
;
and
in
case
that
Rhodes
were
in
no
danger
,
to
joyn
with
the
Venetian
Fleet.
The
noise
of
War
inflam'd
some
of
the
Knights
,
and
,
amongst
others
,
the
Grand
Prior
Blanchefort
,
whom
the
affairs
of
the
Order
detain'd
in
France
during
the
Siege
of
Rhodes
:
And
therefore
to
satisfie
the
extreme
desire
he
had
to
meet
with
the
Infidels
,
he
desir'd
leave
to
go
and
serve
the
Venetians
.
The
Grand
Master
,
who
,
before
he
broke
with
the
Turk
,
was
desirous
to
see
the
success
of
the
War
with
Venice
,
hesitated
at
first
upon
the
proposal
of
his
Nephew
;
but
the
bus'ness
being
deliberated
in
Council
,
it
was
order'd
,
that
the
Grand
Prior
should
have
his
liberty
,
but
that
he
should
not
take
along
with
him
above
thirty
Knights
at
most
.
So
that
Blanchefort
came
to
Modon
at
the
same
time
that
the
French
Ships
arriv'd
there
.
As
for
the
Venetian
Fleet
,
they
had
not
so
many
Vessels
as
the
Turks
,
But
they
had
better
men
,
and
Ships
more
fit
for
fight
.
The
Turks
therefore
avoided
meeting
with
the
Christians
,
minding
onely
to
husband
themselves
for
some
greater
Enterprise
.
But
the
Adventurers
of
Rhodes
desiring
nothing
more
then
a
Battel
,
press'd
Grimani
not
to
lose
the
opportunity
.
And
indeed
they
might
have
sought
,
found
,
and
vanquish'd
the
Infidels
,
had
not
the
over-prudence
of
the
Venetians
rendred
the
heat
of
the
French
unprofitable
.
But
the
Ottoman
Fleet
consisted
of
260
Sail
,
a
number
that
astonish'd
Grimani
;
so
that
instead
of
engaging
,
he
did
nothing
but
follow
them
aloof
off
.
Thereupon
the
Grand
Prior
,
and
the
French
Admiral
,
who
had
a
full
resolution
to
have
signaliz'd
themselves
,
disgusted
at
the
conduct
of
the
General
,
quitted
him
with
a
generous
disdain
.
The
Infidels
embolden'd
by
the
Cowardice
of
the
Venetians
,
and
by
the
retreat
of
the
French
,
fiercely
skirted
along
the
Coasts
of
Morca
,
and
enter'd
into
the
Gulph
of
Lepanto
,
whether
Bajazet
was
come
with
his
Army
.
The
City
was
taken
almost
in
sight
of
Grimani
,
who
had
not
the
courage
to
relieve
it
.
This
untoward
news
very
much
troubl'd
the
Grand
Master
:
but
the
Pestilence
that
increas'd
in
Rhodes
much
more
afflicted
him
.
He
made
excellent
Orders
to
stop
the
Torrent
of
the
Contagion
;
and
to
the
end
the
Barbarians
might
not
attempt
any
thing
at
a
time
so
seasonable
for
them
,
he
kept
in
pay
four
Galleys
,
which
his
Nephew
brought
along
with
him
from
Provence
;
and
having
re-inforc'd
them
with
Knights
and
Souldiers
,
he
commanded
them
to
cruise
about
the
Islands
;
wherein
he
did
two
good
acts
at
one
time
:
for
he
preserv'd
the
Islands
from
Pirats
,
and
empti'd
the
City
of
a
great
number
of
People
,
which
might
have
been
swept
away
by
the
Pestilence
.
Lewis
the
XII
.
who
made
himself
Master
of
the
Dutchy
of
Milan
,
while
the
Turks
took
Lepanto
,
and
who
had
a
design
to
re-conquer
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
out
of
which
the
French
had
been
driv'n
,
thought
himself
oblig'd
to
assist
the
Venetians
in
the
low
Ebb
of
their
Affairs
:
but
he
was
perswaded
he
could
not
do
it
,
unless
he
acted
by
consent
with
the
Grand
Master
.
For
that
reason
he
sent
to
him
two
Heralds
at
Arms
,
who
carri'd
a
Letter
also
to
the
Port
,
to
the
end
that
by
his
means
they
might
travel
safely
through
Turky
,
and
have
a
favourable
Audience
.
So
soon
as
the
Heralds
came
to
Rhodes
,
the
Grand
Master
,
who
had
made
no
open
Breach
with
the
Turks
,
wrote
to
Constantinople
for
Letters
of
safe
Conduct
.
To
which
Bajazet
did
not
onely
freely
consent
,
but
gave
order
to
the
Basha's
of
Lycia
to
go
and
meet
the
Heralds
of
France
,
and
convoy
them
to
the
Port.
Esarcho
Centurino
,
a
man
of
good
judgment
,
and
one
of
the
principal
Inhabitants
of
Rhodes
,
departed
along
with
them
,
carrying
a
Letter
of
Credence
,
to
beseech
the
Grand
Signior
not
to
detain
the
Heralds
long
,
and
to
make
some
small
Complement
to
his
Highness
as
to
the
War
which
he
made
against
the
Venetians
.
Now
though
the
Letters
from
Lewis
were
very
haughty
,
and
threaten'd
the
Ottoman
Empire
with
the
Force
of
France
,
if
he
did
not
cease
to
molest
the
Venetians
,
and
restore
all
that
had
been
taken
from
them
.
Bajazet
▪
nevertheless
receiv'd
them
very
well
;
nor
did
he
send
them
back
without
good
Words
,
and
magnificent
Presents
.
As
the
King
of
France
had
sent
two
Heralds
by
the
way
of
Rhodes
,
the
Grand
Signior
,
by
the
same
way
also
,
sent
to
the
King
of
France
two
Grandees
of
the
Port
,
of
which
,
the
one
was
called
Sivanbeii
,
and
the
other
Musibeii
,
to
excuse
himself
likewise
to
the
Grand
Master
.
In
some
sort
he
endeavour'd
,
in
a
large
Letter
,
to
lay
the
blame
upon
the
Venetians
,
and
gave
the
reasons
that
mov'd
him
to
declare
War
against
them
.
He
pretended
,
that
the
Venetians
had
violated
the
Faith
of
Treaties
,
and
the
Right
of
Nations
,
exercising
all
manner
of
violences
upon
the
Turks
;
of
which
,
to
the
end
he
might
be
believ'd
,
he
gave
a
long
List
.
And
the
more
to
defame
the
Venetians
,
he
added
,
that
the
most
Illustrious
King
of
France
knew
well
enough
what
wrongs
they
had
done
the
French
,
when
being
onely
Duke
of
Orleans
,
he
accompani'd
Charles
the
8th
.
to
the
Conquest
of
Naples
,
when
they
proffer'd
him
ten
Duckats
for
every
Souldier
to
invade
Italy
;
alledging
,
that
if
they
did
not
stop
the
progress
of
the
French
Arms
,
they
would
at
length
assail
the
Ottoman
Empire
.
All
this
the
Grand
Seignior
wrote
to
justifie
himself
;
but
mention'd
not
a
word
how
Lodowic
Sforza
,
finding
the
King
of
France
in
League
with
the
Venetians
against
him
,
had
invited
the
Ottoman
Arms
against
them
;
aggravating
to
the
Port
,
that
Lewis
the
XII
.
would
certainly
put
in
execution
,
what
Charles
the
VIII
.
design'd
,
for
the
Conquest
of
Milan
and
Naples
.
In
the
mean
time
,
a
Ship
of
Rhodes
being
bound
from
thence
to
the
Coast
of
Egypt
,
was
attack'd
by
a
Turkish
Gallion
near
ro
Alexandria
.
The
Knights
who
were
in
the
Ship
defended
themselves
stoutly
,
and
had
reduc'd
the
Turk
to
the
last
extremity
;
but
when
the
Ship
was
just
upon
the
point
of
yielding
,
another
Vessel
,
well
arm'd
,
came
to
her
relief
;
so
that
the
Knights
were
forc'd
to
quit
her
.
They
made
for
Alexandria
,
and
putting
up
the
Soldan's
Colours
,
enter'd
the
Port.
But
the
Admiral
of
Alexandria
,
a
perfidious
Brute
,
without
any
regard
either
to
the
Peace
and
Laws
of
Nations
,
made
the
Knights
Pris'ners
,
and
sent
them
to
Caire
,
with
all
the
Christians
that
were
in
the
Ship
.
The
Grand
Master
conjectur'd
,
by
the
attempt
of
the
Gallion
,
that
the
Turks
had
no
intentions
any
longer
to
keep
fair
with
the
Order
.
However
,
he
complain'd
to
the
Soldan
of
the
Admirals
behaviour
,
and
that
in
high
terms
too
,
as
of
a
violence
insupportable
.
The
Soldan
understanding
,
that
such
sharp
complaints
were
as
good
as
threats
,
and
that
he
that
made
them
would
be
as
good
as
his
word
,
disown'd
the
Admiral
,
and
releas'd
the
Pris'ners
.
But
the
Grand
Signior's
proceedings
were
far
different
.
For
all
his
Civilities
to
the
Grand
Master
,
and
his
Embassie
to
the
Court
of
France
,
did
not
hinder
the
Infidels
from
continuing
the
War
against
the
Venetians
,
nor
from
invading
Italy
.
Twelve
thousand
Spahi's
entred
into
Friuli
,
through
uncouth
and
difficult
passages
;
and
putting
all
to
Fire
and
Sword
,
carri'd
away
above
20000
Christians
into
Slavery
.
The
Pope
,
who
minded
nothing
but
the
advancement
of
his
Family
,
till
then
had
onely
been
a
Spectator
of
the
War
;
but
now
he
began
to
think
himself
concern'd
,
when
he
saw
the
Enemy
at
his
Gates
.
And
besides
that
his
own
Interest
engag'd
him
to
act
,
he
thought
himself
oblig'd
in
Honour
to
wipe
off
those
reproaches
,
which
the
death
of
Zizim
had
thrown
upon
him
,
and
to
repair
,
by
some
notable
action
,
what
had
been
irregular
in
his
Government
.
Thereupon
he
undertook
,
with
all
the
heat
imaginable
,
to
unite
the
Christian
Princes
,
that
he
might
put
a
stop
to
the
incursions
of
the
Barbarians
.
Nor
was
his
diligence
unsuccessful
.
The
Kings
of
Castile
,
Portugal
,
and
Hungary
declar'd
themselves
first
of
all
.
Maximilian
,
whom
the
Wars
of
Guelders
and
Switzerland
had
diverted
from
the
Turkish
War
,
entred
into
this
Holy
League
with
Louis
the
12th
.
when
their
differences
about
Milan
were
ended
,
by
the
Marriage
of
the
King's
Daughter
with
the
Emperor's
Son
.
The
Grand
Master
convinc'd
more
then
ever
of
the
Infidelity
of
the
Grand
Signior
,
and
not
believing
himself
oblig'd
to
have
any
more
respect
for
them
,
who
had
no
more
for
him
,
Leagu'd
himself
with
the
Croisado'd
Princes
.
And
now
Forces
are
raising
all
over
Europe
;
Ships
making
ready
▪
Money
gathering
together
in
all
places
;
and
the
bloody
Crosses
that
fell
from
Heaven
in
Germany
,
which
Maximilian
himself
saw
,
seem'd
to
portend
a
happy
success
.
The
Turks
take
the
Alarm
at
these
Prepartions
and
Prodigies
;
though
that
which
most
affrighted
them
was
the
choice
that
was
made
of
the
Generalissimo
of
the
League
.
Alexander
,
who
,
among
his
wicked
qualities
,
had
some
good
ones
,
and
who
had
a
very
ready
wit
,
bethought
himself
,
that
to
bring
about
so
important
an
Expedition
,
nothing
could
be
more
available
then
the
choice
of
an
Experienc'd
Captain
,
and
such
a
one
as
should
be
acceptable
to
all
the
Princes
.
He
cast
his
eye
upon
the
Grand
Master
D'Aubusson
,
and
propos'd
him
in
a
full
Consistory
,
after
he
had
made
him
a
large
Encomium
.
All
the
Cardinals
applauded
the
Popes
Proposition
.
However
,
Alexander
,
before
he
made
the
Choice
publick
,
resolv'd
to
try
the
Inclination
of
the
Grand
Master
.
To
this
end
he
wrote
to
him
in
a
very
obliging
style
,
nevertheless
with
a
chargeable
condition
in
his
Brief
,
that
the
Order
,
during
the
time
that
the
Grand
Master
should
continue
General
,
should
keep
out
at
Sea
four
Galleys
,
and
four
Barks
,
well
appointed
,
for
the
Service
of
the
League
.
The
Grand
Master
,
who
lov'd
to
act
at
his
own
liberty
,
ponder'd
upon
the
Condition
;
and
it
may
be
his
modesty
had
made
use
of
this
pretence
,
to
rid
himself
of
an
Employment
,
which
he
thought
above
him
,
if
the
Council
had
not
advis'd
him
to
accept
of
the
Condition
at
any
rate
whatever
,
and
that
the
Letters
of
several
Cardinals
his
Friends
had
not
at
length
brought
him
to
an
absolute
determination
.
Thereupon
he
wrote
to
his
Holiness
,
That
with
all
acknowledgment
and
humble
bashfulness
he
was
willing
to
take
upon
him
the
Charge
,
with
which
he
was
pleas'd
to
honour
him
:
And
he
sent
a
very
ample
Procuration
,
as
to
this
Affair
,
to
the
Commander
of
Avignon
,
then
Vice-Procurator-General
of
the
Order
in
the
Court
of
Rome
.
The
Pope
,
not
doubting
but
that
his
Proposal
would
be
as
acceptable
to
the
Princes
,
as
it
was
to
the
Cardinals
,
gave
them
advice
of
his
choice
,
so
soon
as
he
had
receiv'd
the
Grand
Master's
Answer
.
All
the
Courts
of
Christendom
applauded
so
wise
a
Choice
;
and
this
one
Action
did
Alexander
so
much
honour
,
that
his
Reputation
was
much
repair'd
thereby
.
Thereupon
before
all
the
Ambassadors
of
the
Confederate
Princes
,
he
publickly
declar'd
the
Grand
Master
D'Aubusson
,
Captain-General
of
the
Croisado
.
After
which
,
his
Holiness
,
by
a
Solemn
Brief
,
fill'd
with
his
Praises
,
gave
him
information
of
it
.
The
Purport
of
the
Brief
was
,
That
the
Princes
had
approv'd
the
Choice
which
he
had
made
of
his
Person
;
That
they
were
very
readily
dispos'd
to
obey
him
;
and
that
his
Experience
,
Valour
,
and
Piety
,
gave
them
confident
hopes
of
Victory
.
The
Pope
added
,
That
he
was
resolv'd
to
go
to
the
War
himself
,
notwithstanding
his
Age
,
resolv'd
to
partake
with
the
Grand
Master
in
all
the
Labours
of
a
Christian
Warfare
,
and
to
lay
down
his
life
,
if
occasion
should
be
,
to
render
the
Expedition
successful
.
He
sent
word
▪
That
there
were
15
Galleys
,
which
he
had
expressly
caus'd
to
be
made
ready
;
and
that
the
Bishop
of
Tivoly
had
orders
to
send
them
away
,
so
soon
as
they
were
fitted
out
.
He
also
wrote
him
word
,
that
he
had
given
notice
to
the
Princes
by
their
Ambassadors
,
that
his
intention
was
,
that
they
and
all
their
Forces
should
render
to
him
the
same
Honour
,
and
the
same
Obedience
,
as
to
the
Head
of
the
Church
.
Exhorting
him
him
at
length
to
defend
the
Faith
upon
this
occasion
,
with
the
same
Courage
and
Virtue
,
with
which
alone
he
had
defended
it
,
when
he
forc'd
Mahomet
to
raise
his
Siege
from
before
Rhodes
.
Lewis
the
XII
.
would
not
stay
to
acknowledge
him
till
he
was
publickly
proclaim'd
at
Rome
;
but
so
soon
as
he
understood
the
Pope's
intentions
,
he
wrote
to
the
Grand
Master
,
That
being
willing
to
contribute
to
the
Successes
of
so
noble
an
Expedition
,
notwithstanding
the
Affairs
he
had
in
Italy
,
he
was
setting
forth
a
Navy
Royal
,
and
that
knowing
his
Prudence
and
long
Experience
in
the
Wars
against
the
Turk
,
he
had
order'd
his
Admiral
,
Philip
de
Cleves
Ruvesteine
,
to
follow
his
Counsels
in
all
things
,
and
to
Act
by
his
Instructions
.
The
Praises
and
Applauses
which
the
Pope
and
the
King
of
France
gave
him
,
did
but
re-double
the
zeal
and
diligence
of
the
Grand
Master
:
So
that
being
now
acknowledg'd
the
Captain
of
such
a
famous
Enterprize
,
his
whole
study
was
,
how
to
bring
it
to
good
issue
.
The
Summer
being
now
past
,
and
no
Princes
Fleet
appearing
;
or
if
they
had
appear'd
,
the
Season
being
now
past
for
any
considerable
Action
,
his
first
consideration
was
to
settle
a
Bank
for
the
paiment
of
such
Forces
as
should
arrive
,
that
they
might
not
think
of
returning
for
want
of
Money
.
For
he
knew
well
,
that
onely
Money
could
keep
Souldiers
together
idle
in
the
Levant
.
To
this
purpose
he
sent
to
the
Pope
and
the
King
of
France
intelligent
Knights
,
to
let
them
understand
,
that
without
that
precaution
,
there
was
nothing
to
be
done
against
the
Turk
.
That
if
the
Souldiers
of
the
League
came
not
forthwith
,
they
would
not
be
in
a
condition
for
action
the
next
Season
;
and
that
,
if
being
once
arriv'd
,
they
should
return
for
want
of
subsistence
,
the
common
Enemy
would
take
advantage
of
their
Retreat
.
He
let
them
further
know
,
That
while
the
Forces
of
the
Confederate
Princes
attack'd
the
Turk
by
Sea
,
it
was
necessary
that
the
King
of
Hungary
should
assail
him
by
Land
to
make
a
diversion
.
But
in
regard
the
safety
of
Christendom
,
in
some
measure
,
depended
upon
the
safety
of
Rhodes
,
he
was
of
opinion
,
that
the
Ships
belonging
to
the
Order
should
not
distance
themselves
any
farther
then
Cape
Malio
.
He
also
thought
it
necessary
,
that
the
Fleet
of
the
Confederate
Princes
should
not
come
to
Rhodes
,
to
spare
them
the
labour
of
returning
back
to
the
Morea
,
and
Rhodes
the
inconvenience
of
being
eaten
out
by
so
many
people
.
Upon
which
consideration
it
was
resolv'd
to
send
before
to
Ravestein
,
to
desire
him
to
stay
at
Cape
St.
Angelo
,
there
to
attend
till
the
Master
came
himself
to
bring
them
into
some
good
Harbour
.
Ravestein
was
already
entred
into
the
Archepelago
,
and
steer'd
directly
to
the
Island
of
Metelin
,
to
signalize
himself
immediately
by
some
notable
action
.
But
in
regard
he
hated
Dependency
,
and
was
covetous
of
all
the
Honour
to
himself
,
so
far
was
he
from
following
the
Orders
of
the
Grand
Master
,
that
not
vouchsafing
to
follow
his
Counsel
,
he
onely
sent
to
invite
him
to
come
and
joyn
with
him
.
However
,
though
this
seem'd
a
very
disobliging
act
of
Ravestein
,
yet
the
Grand
Master
more
resented
the
ill-timing
of
the
Enterprize
,
then
the
ill-behaviour
of
Ravestein
,
knowing
well
it
was
contrary
to
the
King's
Pleasure
,
and
that
the
wills
of
Princes
are
usually
ill
obey'd
,
when
those
that
are
employ'd
take
upon
them
to
follow
their
own
inclinations
.
And
indeed
this
Bad
beginning
of
the
League
,
created
an
ill
opinion
of
the
Event
.
Nor
did
the
slowness
of
the
Pope
less
trouble
him
,
then
the
forwardness
of
the
French
.
The
fifteen
Galleys
that
were
to
appear
with
the
first
,
were
not
to
be
heard
of
;
neither
was
there
any
news
of
the
Bishop
of
Tivoli
,
who
had
order
to
conduct
them
.
How
zealous
soever
the
Grand
Master
was
to
advance
the
Affairs
of
the
Croisade
,
he
could
not
determine
with
himself
to
joyn
with
the
French
before
the
arrival
of
the
Pope's
Fleet.
He
consider'd
,
that
having
no
Instructions
from
his
Holiness
touching
the
Duties
of
his
Office
,
it
behov'd
him
not
to
begin
the
Exercise
of
it
.
He
consider'd
also
,
that
in
difficulties
which
might
happen
,
the
other
Captains
would
be
subject
to
dispute
his
power
,
when
they
found
the
Galleys
of
his
Holiness
absent
.
To
avoid
all
these
inconveniences
,
he
press'd
the
Pope
to
keep
his
word
,
representing
to
him
with
an
extraordinary
respect
and
zeal
mix'd
together
,
that
his
Holiness
being
the
Chief
,
and
Soul
of
the
Enterprise
,
there
was
nothing
to
be
done
without
him
.
That
the
Fleets
of
the
Christian
Princes
would
come
in
vain
into
the
Levant
,
if
he
did
not
appear
in
the
head
of
them
.
That
as
for
his
part
,
he
desir'd
onely
to
acquit
himself
of
the
Charge
wherewith
he
had
been
pleas'd
to
honour
him
,
as
having
all
his
life-time
onely
sought
a
fair
opportunity
to
ruine
the
Mahumetan
Puissance
.
Ravestein
,
who
had
unadvisedly
engag'd
himself
in
the
Siege
of
Metelin
,
and
began
to
see
his
fault
,
endeavour'd
all
he
could
to
re-fix
himself
in
the
good
opinion
of
the
Grand
Master
,
and
to
oblige
him
to
come
to
his
relief
:
He
sent
to
him
by
the
Knight
de
Gavaston
,
who
was
come
to
him
on
the
behalf
of
the
Order
,
that
the
Venetians
having
drawn
him
to
Meteline
before
the
arrival
of
the
Knight
,
he
could
not
avoid
besieging
the
City
.
That
at
first
he
had
rais'd
a
Battery
,
which
had
no
success
,
as
being
planted
against
the
strongest
part
of
the
Wall
;
but
that
having
chang'd
his
Battery
,
the
Canon
wrought
wonders
;
but
that
he
could
not
determine
with
himself
to
make
a
general
Onset
without
him
;
believing
withall
,
that
the
Event
of
the
Storm
would
not
prove
successful
,
unless
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
had
their
share
.
That
the
Venetians
had
thirty
Galleys
before
Meteline
,
not
counting
his
.
That
for
the
Popes
Galleys
,
they
were
not
to
be
expected
;
nor
did
he
know
where
his
Holiness
should
have
fifteen
;
for
that
being
at
Naples
,
he
knew
he
had
but
two
,
which
the
Duke
of
Valentinois
made
use
of
against
the
Prince
of
Piombino
;
and
that
he
could
not
learn
that
he
had
made
any
Preparations
against
the
Turk
;
concluding
at
last
,
that
he
acknowledg'd
the
Grand
Master
for
General
of
the
Christian
Fleet
,
and
that
he
would
not
proceed
any
more
without
his
Orders
.
The
Grand
Master
hearing
no
news
of
the
Pope's
fifteen
Galleys
,
and
not
enduring
that
any
thing
should
be
acted
against
the
Turk
,
wherein
he
had
not
his
share
,
resolv'd
to
sacrifice
his
Resentments
to
his
Honour
,
and
the
Interests
of
the
Church
.
He
thought
himself
oblig'd
also
,
for
the
Reputation
of
the
Arms
of
France
,
not
to
desert
Ravestein
,
what
ever
reason
he
had
to
be
displeas'd
with
him
.
Therefore
that
he
might
act
with
Honour
,
besides
the
four
Galleys
and
four
Barks
which
he
was
to
set
forth
by
the
Articles
of
the
League
,
he
resolv'd
to
take
along
with
him
the
Great
Ship
belonging
to
the
Order
,
twelve
great
Galliots
,
several
Brigantines
,
several
Foists
,
with
some
Italian
and
Catalonian
Vessels
which
he
had
hir'd
.
At
his
departure
,
he
left
very
good
Orders
behind
him
;
for
having
declar'd
the
Grand
Commander
Cossa
his
Lieutenant
to
govern
with
the
Council
,
he
prescrib'd
him
every
week
to
give
publick
Audience
to
the
People
:
and
in
case
any
of
the
Knights
should
withstand
him
,
to
proceed
against
them
according
to
the
Forms
and
Rigour
of
the
Statutes
.
The
management
of
the
Treasure
,
for
a
time
,
he
committed
to
the
care
of
the
Admiral
;
and
particularly
charg'd
the
Grand
Marshal
to
be
exact
in
doing
Justice
to
the
Knights
.
For
the
security
of
Rhodes
,
he
gave
order
,
that
Guards
should
be
kept
in
all
the
Posts
of
the
Languages
,
as
if
the
place
were
Besieg'd
;
and
he
himself
nam'd
such
and
such
Knights
to
ride
their
Rounds
about
the
Island
,
to
hinder
the
Landing
of
the
Barbarians
.
The
Council
,
in
requital
,
to
shew
the
particular
esteem
which
they
had
for
the
Grand
Master
,
order'd
,
That
all
the
Knights
that
accompani'd
him
should
enjoy
the
priviledges
of
Residence
,
as
if
present
at
Rhodes
:
That
all
Elections
of
Priors
and
Bailiffs
should
surcease
in
his
absence
,
that
he
might
deliberate
upon
such
Affairs
as
should
present
themselves
,
and
that
his
Decrees
should
be
of
the
same
force
and
authority
,
as
if
issu'd
out
of
his
Palace
:
and
that
in
regard
a
great
number
of
Knights
were
to
attend
the
Grand
Master
,
it
was
ordain'd
,
that
after
their
departure
,
no
Knight
should
stir
out
of
the
Island
,
but
upon
the
urgent
affairs
of
the
Order
.
Things
being
thus
setled
,
and
twelve
Vessels
of
the
Fleet
being
gone
before
to
stay
for
the
Knights
at
Lango
,
the
Grand
Master
embark'd
the
21
of
November
,
attended
to
the
Sea
by
a
great
throng
of
People
,
who
could
not
but
let
fall
tears
at
his
departure
,
especially
when
they
saw
him
threaten'd
by
a
rising
Tempest
ere
he
was
out
of
sight
.
His
impatience
to
be
at
the
assault
of
Meteline
,
caus'd
him
to
make
all
the
haste
imaginable
.
Scarcely
had
he
reach'd
Lango
,
when
the
Knight
Baldovin
,
whom
he
had
sent
before
to
advertize
the
French
and
Venetians
of
his
coming
,
brought
him
news
that
the
Siege
was
rais'd
;
at
the
same
time
delivering
him
Letters
from
Ravestein
and
Pesaro
.
Ravestein
signifi'd
to
him
in
a
few
words
,
That
the
Siege
of
Meteline
being
an
Enterprise
much
more
difficult
,
then
it
had
seem'd
to
be
to
men
of
very
good
judgment
,
he
thought
fit
to
leave
it
off
.
That
the
Season
being
far
spent
,
his
care
was
how
to
be
gone
before
it
grew
worse
,
which
would
be
in
two
days
at
farthest
,
with
his
good
leave
.
The
Letter
from
Pesaro
was
larger
,
and
more
rational
;
the
effect
whereof
was
,
That
whereas
Ravestein
had
undertaken
the
Siege
without
advising
with
the
Venetians
,
he
had
also
rais'd
it
of
his
own
head
:
That
it
was
no
wonder
,
that
an
Enterprise
so
ill
manag'd
should
have
no
better
success
.
That
the
French
preparing
for
home
,
there
was
no
likelihood
that
the
Venetians
should
stay
at
Meteline
.
That
they
were
making
to
Scio
;
and
that
if
it
were
his
pleasure
they
should
joyn
with
the
Knights
,
they
were
ready
to
do
what
he
should
think
best
for
the
good
of
Christendom
.
Pesaro
added
,
that
there
was
no
heed
to
be
given
to
the
Popes
Promise
,
for
that
his
Fifteen
Gallies
were
onely
in
Idea
.
That
the
Spanish
Fleet
was
about
Taranto
;
and
that
the
Portugal
Fleet
having
gain'd
Corfu
,
was
return'd
home
,
notwithstanding
all
the
intreaties
of
the
Venetians
,
pretending
they
could
not
stay
long
out
in
bad
weather
in
those
Seas
.
The
Grand
Master
was
more
perplex'd
at
the
ill
success
of
the
Enterprize
of
Meteline
,
then
surpriz'd
at
it
.
But
believing
that
the
return
of
the
French
Fleet
would
do
more
harm
to
the
Affairs
of
the
League
,
then
the
raising
of
the
Siege
,
he
dispatch'd
away
a
Foist
to
Naxi
,
by
which
the
French
were
to
pass
,
desiring
Ravestein
not
to
return
till
they
had
discours'd
together
.
He
sent
another
to
Scio
,
to
desire
the
Venetians
to
meet
him
at
Naxi
,
and
to
let
them
know
,
that
he
had
made
great
Preparations
for
their
assistance
;
that
he
had
left
Rhodes
in
a
bad
Season
,
and
almost
contrary
to
the
advice
of
his
Council
:
That
the
misfortune
of
Meteline
was
not
past
recovery
,
and
that
they
might
return
to
the
Siege
with
more
success
,
provided
the
French
had
not
lost
their
courage
.
He
desired
Pesaro
to
stay
Ravenstein
,
at
what
rate
soever
,
if
they
were
yet
together
,
or
earnestly
to
write
to
him
,
if
they
were
parted
.
The
Rhodian
Fleet
set
sail
from
Lango
presently
after
the
Foists
,
and
,
in
spight
of
contrary
Winds
,
arriv'd
at
length
before
Naxi
.
But
Ravensteins
impatience
to
quit
the
Levant
,
would
not
permit
him
to
stay
for
the
Knights
.
He
set
sail
precisely
two
days
after
he
had
wrote
to
the
Grand
Master
,
according
to
the
purport
of
his
Letter
,
the
Prayers
of
the
Venetians
,
the
Honour
of
France
,
nor
his
own
,
being
able
to
stop
him
.
The
Grand
Master
had
not
been
so
well
appeas'd
at
the
departure
of
the
French
,
had
he
not
met
the
Venetians
in
sight
of
the
Island
.
After
mutual
Salutes
of
both
Fleets
,
Pesaro
came
aboard
the
Grand
Master
,
where
after
some
deliberation
upon
the
present
state
of
Affairs
,
they
concluded
together
,
to
write
to
all
the
Princes
of
the
Croisade
,
to
engage
them
to
let
their
Fleets
be
ready
against
the
Spring
.
They
also
agreed
,
that
the
true
way
to
ruine
the
Turk
,
was
not
to
make
any
attempts
upon
the
Islands
of
the
Archipelago
,
the
loss
of
which
would
do
him
but
little
harm
;
but
to
force
the
Dardanels
,
and
besiege
Gallipoli
with
a
potent
Army
;
then
to
make
up
directly
to
Constantinople
,
and
fire
the
Fleet
that
usually
rode
in
the
Sea
of
Marmora
;
which
the
Grand
Master
would
undertake
to
do
,
provided
that
Ladislaus
perform'd
his
part
upon
Hungary
side
.
This
being
the
condition
of
Affairs
at
that
time
,
the
Grand
Master
took
his
leave
of
Pesaro
,
and
set
sail
for
Rhodes
,
three
of
the
Venetian
Galleys
attending
him
out
of
respect
.
The
Rhodians
,
who
did
not
expect
his
Return
so
soon
,
were
pleasingly
surpriz'd
at
it
;
yet
easily
brookt
the
misfortune
that
restor'd
them
their
Grand
Master
.
No
sooner
was
he
arriv'd
,
but
he
had
intelligence
,
that
several
Turky
Merchants
Ships
,
very
richly
laden
,
were
in
the
Seas
of
Syria
and
Egypt
homeward
bound
.
The
Council
was
of
opinion
,
that
such
a
Booty
was
not
to
be
let
slip
,
but
that
they
should
take
this
opportunity
absolutely
to
break
with
the
Port.
Thereupon
the
Grand
Master
commanded
out
seven
Gallies
,
and
some
Boats
,
to
way-lay
them
.
The
Knight
Diomede
de
Villaragut
,
Castellan
of
Emposta
,
was
nam'd
Admiral
of
the
Squadron
.
He
put
to
Sea
,
and
took
the
Ships
;
so
that
the
Prize
almost
recompenc'd
the
Expences
which
the
Knights
had
been
at
.
But
for
all
this
small
success
,
the
Master
was
not
a
little
troubled
at
the
slowness
of
the
Princes
.
He
was
sensibly
afflicted
to
see
the
League
half-broken
;
and
therefore
to
renew
it
again
,
he
sent
Ambassadors
to
all
the
Christian
Courts
:
Who
were
no
sooner
departed
,
but
Ambassadors
arriv'd
from
Ladislaus
King
of
Hungary
;
who
,
after
they
had
congratulated
the
Grand
Master
as
General
of
the
League
,
assur'd
him
,
that
the
Hungarian
Army
was
in
readiness
;
and
therefore
desir'd
him
to
engage
the
Grand
Caraman
,
the
Soldan
of
Egypt
,
but
,
above
all
,
the
King
of
Persia
,
to
take
up
Arms
against
the
Turk
.
The
Resolutions
of
Ladislaus
extremely
rejoyc'd
the
Grand
Master
;
but
the
Revolutions
then
hapning
in
Persia
somewhat
qualifi'd
his
joy
.
Jacup
the
Son
of
Vssum
Cassan
,
succeeding
his
Father
in
the
Kingdom
of
Persia
,
was
affraid
lest
Arduel
,
his
Cousin
,
should
one
day
usurp
the
Crown
;
and
his
fear
was
upon
good
grounds
.
Arduel
publickly
gave
out
,
that
Ali
was
the
true
Interpreter
of
the
Law
;
and
thereby
he
almost
overthrew
Mahumetism
.
The
People
,
who
are
always
dispos'd
to
receive
Novelties
,
and
are
easily
govern'd
by
them
that
know
how
to
tickle
their
fancies
with
Religion
,
declar'd
themselves
for
the
Doctrine
of
Arduel
.
Thereupon
Jacup
thought
the
favour
of
the
People
to
be
a
sufficient
crime
for
which
to
put
him
to
death
,
and
rid
himself
of
him
without
any
noise
.
And
a
little
while
after
he
gave
the
same
order
for
Ishmael
the
Son
of
Arduel
.
That
order
of
the
King
of
Persia
was
not
so
secret
,
but
Ishmael
had
notice
of
it
.
Upon
which
,
he
fled
towards
the
Caspian
Sea
,
to
a
Prince
that
was
one
of
his
Friends
,
and
there
immediately
made
a
publick
Profession
of
what
his
Father
had
taught
him
.
His
comely
Presence
and
his
Eloquence
,
soon
begat
him
a
high
esteem
among
those
Barbarous
Nations
,
even
to
be
regarded
as
a
kind
of
Deity
;
for
which
reason
they
gave
him
the
name
of
Sophi
,
or
Wise
.
He
dextrously
kept
up
so
fair
a
Reputation
,
and
believing
it
lawful
for
him
to
do
any
thing
to
obtain
a
Crown
,
he
got
the
King
of
Persia
to
be
put
to
death
,
by
the
very
means
of
the
Queen
her self
,
who
hated
her
Husband
,
and
lov'd
Ishmael
.
After
the
death
of
Jacup
,
Ishmael
return'd
into
Persia
,
with
a
great
number
of
his
followers
,
who
lookt
upon
him
as
a
Prophet
sent
by
God
:
The
most
part
of
the
Persians
took
his
part
,
so
that
having
got
together
a
good
Army
,
he
march'd
against
Alvant
,
who
had
tak'n
possession
of
the
Throne
,
as
being
the
eldest
Son
of
Jacup
.
The
new
King
was
driv'n
first
from
his
City
,
then
defeated
in
a
great
Battel
,
and
slain
by
Ishmael's
own
hand
.
This
fatal
news
quite
dampt
the
courage
of
Alvant's
Brother
,
whose
name
was
Maracatam
,
and
lay
at
Babylon
with
a
numerous
Army
.
So
that
in
stead
of
marching
against
Ishmael
,
he
fled
to
the
Mountains
,
and
abandon'd
the
Throne
that
belong'd
to
him
to
save
his
life
.
Thus
the
Usurper
became
the
Master
;
and
though
all
the
Kingdom
had
not
yet
submitted
to
his
Scepter
,
he
caus'd
himself
to
be
call'd
King
of
Persia
.
These
Revolutions
appear'd
no
way
favourable
to
the
King
of
Hungary
,
nor
to
the
intentions
of
the
Grand
Master
.
There
was
no
probability
that
Ishmael
Sophi
would
engage
in
the
Affairs
of
the
League
,
while
Persia
was
not
yet
at
Peace
within
it self
,
and
all
those
accidents
were
still
to
be
fear'd
that
might
ruine
a
new
Dominion
,
unjust
and
unsetl'd
;
besides
,
that
the
Successes
of
Ishmael
naturally
bred
suspitions
in
the
King
of
Caramania's
breast
.
Which
reasons
would
not
permit
him
to
enterprize
against
the
Turks
,
when
he
had
enough
to
do
to
secure
himself
at
home
.
Nor
was
the
Soldan
of
Egypt
in
a
better
condition
to
favour
the
Princes
of
the
Croisade
;
for
besides
that
he
was
embroil'd
in
the
Domestick
Dissentions
of
his
own
Court
,
he
fear'd
the
victorious
Arms
of
Ishmael
,
who
,
by
the
advice
giv'n
him
by
Attula
Turcoman
,
threaten'd
to
begin
his
Conquests
with
those
of
Syria
and
Egypt
,
when
he
had
setl'd
himself
in
Persia
.
Nevertheless
,
when
the
Grand
Master
better
consider'd
,
he
bethought
himself
,
that
the
Troubles
of
Persia
would
be
no
way
disadvantagious
to
the
Enterprize
of
the
Christians
;
for
that
the
Turk
alarm'd
with
the
Success
of
his
Victorious
Neighbour
and
Enemy
,
would
be
oblig'd
to
keep
very
numerous
Armies
upon
the
Fronteers
of
Turky
;
and
that
being
thereby
much
weaken'd
,
he
might
be
the
easier
vanquish'd
at
home
.
The
noise
of
the
League
no
less
perplex'd
Bajazet
,
then
the
Revolutions
of
Persia
.
Understanding
therefote
that
the
Grand
Master
was
the
Head
and
Soul
of
the
Enterprize
,
he
be
thought
himself
of
dealing
with
him
,
by
the
means
of
Sultan
Corcut
,
the
best
belov'd
of
all
his
Sons
,
to
whom
he
had
giv'n
the
Government
of
Anatolia
.
Corcut
being
well
instructed
by
the
Ministers
of
the
Port
what
part
he
was
to
act
,
sent
very
rich
Presents
to
the
Grand
Master
,
with
a
most
obliging
Letter
,
wherein
he
requested
his
friendship
;
and
conjur'd
him
,
after
a
thousand
offers
of
his
services
,
that
they
might
live
together
in
Amity
and
good
Correspondence
,
and
that
there
might
be
a
freedom
of
Trade
between
each
others
Subjects
.
He
added
,
that
his
Father
had
given
him
all
power
,
in
reference
to
a
peace
,
and
that
he
was
ready
to
do
what
ever
the
Knights
desir'd
.
But
these
fair
words
could
not
dazle
the
Grand
Master
.
He
knew
by
the
Turks
themselves
,
who
were
his
Spies
,
that
the
famous
Pirate
Camali
,
who
had
fitted
out
several
Vessels
at
Gallipoli
for
the
service
of
Bajazet
,
was
just
ready
to
set
Sail
out
of
the
Straits
with
above
fifty
men
of
War
,
to
attack
the
Isles
that
belong'd
to
the
Order
.
So
that
without
entring
into
any
further
Negotiation
,
he
frankly
declar'd
,
That
being
nominated
General
of
the
League
by
the
Pope
,
he
could
not
forsake
the
Common
Cause
,
nor
could
hearken
to
any
Peace
which
the
Grand
Seignior
would
not
make
with
all
the
Princes
of
Christendom
,
as
well
as
with
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
.
The
Grand
Master
declar'd
himself
upon
this
point
so
much
the
more
boldly
,
because
he
knew
,
that
seven
of
the
Popes
Galleys
were
joyn'd
to
the
Venetian
Armado
at
the
Island
of
Cerigo
,
and
that
his
Holiness
was
setting
out
thirteen
more
,
the
care
of
which
he
had
given
to
the
Knight
Fabricio
de
Caretta
,
who
was
then
at
Genoa
.
This
news
was
brought
to
Rhodes
by
an
Envoy
of
the
Bishop
of
Baffo
,
under
whose
Conduct
the
Galleys
set
Sail
,
and
who
had
also
in
Charge
a
Brief
from
the
Pope
to
be
deliver'd
to
the
Grand
Master
.
This
Brief
contain'd
many
Applauses
of
the
Grand
Masters
Actions
,
and
many
Excuses
of
the
Popes
Neglect
:
That
he
had
the
most
sincere
intentions
in
the
world
,
but
that
the
misfortunes
of
the
times
would
not
suffer
him
to
keep
his
word
;
that
he
would
repair
what
was
past
with
advantage
,
and
send
Twenty
Galleys
instead
of
Fifteen
.
But
to
return
to
the
Sophi
.
He
had
no
sooner
establish'd
his
Throne
,
partly
by
fair
,
partly
by
foul
means
,
but
he
resolv'd
to
extend
his
Conquests
.
Instead
of
advancing
against
Egypt
,
as
he
intended
,
he
fell
into
Armenia
with
fourscore
thousand
fighting
men
,
drawn
thither
by
the
Neighbourhood
,
and
the
hatred
which
he
bore
the
Turks
.
In
this
Expedition
,
Ishmael
soon
mastered
Armenia
,
after
he
had
cut
in
pieces
above
twenty
thousand
men
.
Bajazet
alarm'd
by
the
Success
of
the
Conqueror
,
gather'd
all
his
Forces
together
to
defend
himself
;
but
he
could
not
believe
himself
able
to
resist
so
potent
an
Enemy
,
while
he
was
at
odds
with
the
Christians
.
For
that
reason
he
made
Propositions
of
Peace
to
the
Grand
Master
and
the
Republick
of
Venice
.
The
Grand
Master
,
who
had
intelligence
of
every
thing
,
and
in
particular
knew
the
Consternation
of
the
Grand
Signior
,
fail'd
not
to
give
notice
of
it
to
the
Pope
,
that
never
a
fairer
opportunity
offer'd
it self
to
ruine
the
Common
Enemy
:
That
Bajazet
was
oblig'd
to
go
in
Person
against
the
Persian
,
for
want
of
a
Basha
experienc'd
in
Military
Affairs
,
in
whom
he
could
absolutely
confide
:
That
the
Sophi
,
a
liberal
and
affable
Prince
,
drew
to
his
Party
the
Militia
of
the
Grand
Signior
:
That
there
was
no
likelihood
of
any
accord
between
Persia
and
Turky
,
in
regard
a
Conqueror
hates
nothing
more
then
Peace
.
Therefore
he
besought
his
Holiness
not
to
neglect
the
opportunity
that
Providence
presented
.
But
the
Commotions
in
Italy
render'd
all
these
Remonstrances
void
.
For
while
the
Turks
and
Persians
make
War
one
against
another
,
the
French
and
Spaniards
break
the
Peace
which
they
had
made
.
They
had
contracted
an
Alliance
against
Frederick
of
Naples
,
who
succeeded
Ferdinand
his
Nephew
,
and
had
got
possession
of
his
Dominions
by
force
of
Arms.
But
Ambition
soon
divided
them
,
which
it
had
united
.
Lewis
the
XII
.
and
Ferdinand
King
of
Castile
,
became
jealous
each
of
other
;
neither
could
endure
a
Competitor
nor
a
Companion
,
both
of
them
claim
the
whole
Kingdom
which
they
had
parted
betwixt
them
.
And
the
differences
of
their
Ministers
,
touching
the
limits
of
their
common
Conquests
serving
for
a
pretence
,
occasion'd
a
most
bloody
War
,
that
fill'd
all
Italy
with
horrour
and
confusion
.
The
Bishop
of
Baffo
,
who
had
joyn'd
himself
with
the
Fleet
of
the
Venetians
,
had
intelligence
of
the
Rupture
between
the
two
Crowns
,
at
what
time
the
Naval
Army
of
the
Venetians
had
taken
the
Island
of
Santa
Maura
from
the
Turk
,
with
the
assistance
of
a
Squadron
of
Knights
which
the
Grand
Master
sent
them
,
and
some
Galleys
of
a
French
Captain
,
call'd
Pre'
Jan
de
Bidoux
,
a
very
understanding
Seaman
,
and
a
very
stout
Souldier
.
Presently
the
Bishop
gave
a
shrewd
guess
at
the
ill
success
of
the
League
by
the
state
of
affairs
in
Italy
,
and
,
according
to
his
Instructions
,
he
gave
notice
to
the
Grand
Master
,
That
new
divisions
hinder'd
his
Holiness
from
being
exact
to
his
word
.
He
added
,
That
of
Twenty
Galleys
promis'd
by
the
Holy
See
,
he
had
receiv'd
but
Thirteen
;
That
he
could
not
keep
them
above
four
months
,
without
express
command
from
the
Pope
;
which
were
almost
expir'd
,
and
most
certainly
would
not
be
prolong'd
;
That
the
French
Fleet
would
not
come
at
all
;
That
Captain
Pré
Jan
de
Bidoux
was
gone
from
St.
Maura
upon
the
first
intelligence
of
the
Broils
between
France
and
Spain
;
That
the
Venetians
being
resolv'd
to
fortifie
St.
Maura
,
could
not
spare
their
Fleet
any
farther
;
so
that
Winter
being
at
hand
,
he
did
not
believe
that
the
Confederate
Princes
would
undertake
any
thing
against
the
Turk
this
year
.
However
,
the
eager
longing
which
the
Grand
Master
had
to
see
the
League
renew'd
,
and
his
joy
for
the
taking
Santa
Maura
,
made
him
believe
,
that
the
flames
of
War
between
the
French
and
Spaniards
might
be
as
easily
extinguish'd
as
they
were
kindled
;
upon
this
consideration
he
resolv'd
not
to
give
off
so
.
So
that
without
taking
any
notice
of
the
Bishop
of
Baffo's
advice
,
he
fell
again
to
writing
to
the
Pope
.
After
he
had
congratulated
the
Pope
for
the
Success
of
his
Galleys
in
the
taking
Santa
Manra
,
he
besought
him
to
keep
them
still
in
readiness
,
and
to
excite
the
Venetians
to
prepare
the
most
powerful
Armado
they
could
.
He
besought
him
to
endeavour
the
reconciliation
of
the
two
Kings
,
and
to
make
use
of
all
his
Art
in
that
particular
.
He
press'd
with
new
vehemency
the
Emperour
,
and
other
Kings
,
particularly
the
King
of
England
,
who
was
very
powerful
at
Sea
,
and
who
was
very
zealous
for
the
Interests
of
the
Church
.
After
which
,
committing
the
rest
into
the
hands
of
Providence
,
he
set
himself
to
regulate
the
Customs
both
of
the
People
,
and
the
Knights
.
In
the
first
place
,
understanding
,
that
the
Jews
that
dwelt
in
Rhodes
,
led
a
very
scandalous
life
,
and
that
their
bad
example
was
the
occasion
of
many
sins
committed
in
the
City
,
he
took
up
a
resolution
to
expel
them
.
Having
assembl'd
a
Council
for
this
effect
,
he
set
forth
,
in
a
long
discourse
,
all
the
evil
that
the
Trade
of
the
Jews
might
produce
among
the
Faithful
;
and
that
an
Order
particularly
consecrated
to
the
defence
of
Christendom
,
ought
to
abhor
a
Nation
which
was
so
much
the
Enemy
of
Christ
himself
.
Then
he
came
in
particular
to
the
Jews
of
Rhodes
,
whom
the
Prodigies
of
the
last
Siege
,
and
those
upon
the
Wall
,
had
harden'd
the
more
.
The
Grand
Master's
judgment
was
approv'd
in
Council
,
and
they
all
decreed
with
one
accord
,
that
the
Jews
should
depart
the
Island
,
and
all
the
Territories
of
the
Order
,
within
fifty
days
.
They
were
also
forbid
to
settle
in
the
East
,
lest
they
should
prove
spies
to
the
Turks
:
and
all
that
was
permitted
them
,
was
,
to
put
off
their
Goods
in
fourty
days
.
But
all
sorts
of
Liberty
and
priviledges
were
offer'd
,
on
the
other
side
,
to
those
that
would
turn
Christians
.
As
for
their
little
Children
,
it
was
decreed
,
that
they
should
be
Baptiz'd
whether
their
Parents
would
or
no.
And
the
Decree
of
Council
was
drawn
in
express
terms
,
That
since
it
was
the
opinion
of
all
Divines
and
Canonists
,
that
the
Jews
were
the
Slaves
of
the
Christian
Princes
,
they
had
not
the
Right
nor
Jurisdiction
of
Parents
over
their
Children
.
So
that
the
Grand
Master
might
dispose
of
them
for
the
good
of
Christendom
,
and
the
Salvation
of
their
Souls
.
Thereupon
according
to
the
power
of
the
Laws
,
the
Jews
Children
were
Baptiz'd
.
And
lest
they
should
renounce
their
Christianity
when
they
came
to
years
of
discretion
,
the
Grand
Master
kept
them
at
Rhodes
,
and
brought
them
up
at
the
publick
Charge
,
in
some
measure
doing
the
Duty
and
Office
of
a
Father
to
them
.
After
this
,
the
Grand
Master
appli'd
himself
to
examine
the
Statutes
of
the
Order
,
which
the
Vice-Chancellor
Caoursin
had
reduc'd
into
a
Method
some
years
before
.
Some
he
cancell'd
that
were
grow
nout
of
use
,
the
observation
whereof
did
more
harm
then
good
,
serving
onely
to
multiply
Quarrels
and
Suits
of
Law
.
Others
he
made
new
,
according
to
the
Constitution
of
the
present
Time
.
For
seeing
how
far
the
Impiety
and
Luxury
of
the
Knights
had
extended
it self
,
who
liv'd
more
like
Seculars
and
Libertines
,
then
men
in
Holy
Orders
,
he
ordain'd
,
That
whosoe'er
should
swear
by
,
or
blaspheme
the
Name
of
God
,
or
speak
a
word
to
the
dishonour
of
the
Virgin
Mary
,
or
the
Saints
,
for
the
first
fault
should
undergo
the
punishment
of
[
*
](A28875-e37400-b)
*
Fast
fourty
days
,
and
be
whipt
twice
a
week
before
the
High
Altar
.
Lent
;
for
the
second
,
two
months
imprisonment
in
the
Castle
;
and
for
the
third
,
be
put
in
the
publick
Prison
during
the
pleasure
of
the
Grand
Master
and
the
Council
▪
and
that
they
that
were
put
into
these
Prisons
,
should
lose
three
years
priviledge
of
Precedency
.
He
also
forbade
,
that
the
Knights
should
habit
themselves
like
other
people
of
the
world
,
or
wear
any
thing
that
had
the
least
semblance
of
Gallantry
or
Vanity
.
He
order'd
particularly
,
that
their
habits
should
be
plain
,
and
of
one
colour
;
and
that
if
any
Knight
disobey'd
this
Order
,
besides
the
punishment
of
the
Quarantine
,
his
Habit
should
be
confiscate
to
the
Publick
Treasury
.
But
though
he
lov'd
Modesty
in
Habit
,
he
was
Magnificent
in
all
things
that
concern'd
the
Ornament
and
Beautifying
of
the
Church
;
as
,
the
stately
Tapestries
,
Statues
of
Silver
,
Crosses
of
Gold
,
Chalices
,
and
Image-Chariots
of
Malta
,
engraven
with
his
Arms
for
the
most
part
,
testifie
to
this
day
.
While
he
employ'd
himself
in
this
manner
,
in
expectation
of
his
Embassie
&
Letters
in
reference
to
the
League
,
the
Spaniards
,
who
had
for
their
Captain
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
Alexander
Cordova
,
sir-nam'd
the
Great
Captain
,
made
most
cruel
War
against
the
French
;
and
both
Parties
grew
so
violent
one
against
another
,
that
there
was
no
likelihood
of
Peace
.
The
Pope
,
instead
of
labouring
an
accommodation
and
reconcilement
between
the
two
Nations
,
as
the
Grand
Master
had
desir'd
him
,
openly
favour'd
the
Spaniards
,
and
fed
the
fire
which
he
ought
to
have
extinguish'd
.
Besides
,
he
had
no
other
thoughts
in
his
head
,
but
how
to
Aggrandize
Cesar
Borgia
his
Son
,
Duke
of
Valentinois
,
whom
he
passionately
lov'd
so
far
,
as
to
dare
any
thing
,
and
think
any
thing
lawful
for
his
advancement
and
enrichment
.
But
that
which
directly
ruin'd
the
Croisade
.
was
this
,
That
the
Venetians
,
tir'd
with
the
War
,
made
Peace
with
the
Turks
,
after
several
private
Negotiations
,
wherein
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
were
not
taken
notice
of
in
the
least
.
By
this
Peace
,
the
Venetians
restord
the
Island
of
Santa
Maura
,
which
Pesara
had
fortifi'd
at
great
Expences
;
and
the
Grand
Signior
engag'd
himself
to
restore
what
he
had
taken
from
the
Venetian
Merchants
,
from
the
begining
of
the
War
.
Ladislaus
King
of
Hungary
soon
follow'd
the
example
of
the
Republick
,
making
an
agreement
,
though
not
very
Honourable
,
with
Bajazet
.
These
sad
tidings
pierc'd
the
very
heart
of
the
Grand
Master
;
and
to
add
to
his
affliction
,
he
understood
at
the
same
time
,
that
his
Holiness
had
conferr'd
Commanderies
of
the
Order
upon
Secular
Persons
,
and
that
he
had
promis'd
the
Priorie
of
Castile
to
Don
Henry
of
Toledo
.
Considering
neither
the
Priviledges
of
Innocent
the
VIII
.
the
Nature
of
the
Revenues
of
the
Order
,
nor
the
Dignity
of
the
Generalissimo
of
the
League
,
whom
he
had
elected
himself
.
The
Grand
Master
so
highly
resented
such
irregular
proceedings
,
that
he
wrote
to
the
Pope
;
and
without
swerving
from
that
respect
which
he
ow'd
to
the
Chief
of
the
Church
,
and
the
Vicar
of
Christ
,
he
told
Alexander
his
own
,
as
far
as
a
real
Zeal
could
inspire
him
.
But
Alexander
taking
little
notice
of
his
Complaints
,
continu'd
his
affronts
and
injuries
to
the
Order
,
and
that
with
so
much
the
more
Liberty
,
believing
,
that
now
the
Venetians
had
made
Peace
with
the
Turks
,
he
should
have
no
more
need
of
the
Knights
.
The
League
thus
brok'n
off
,
and
the
proceedings
of
the
Pope
,
brought
the
Grand
Master
into
a
deep
Melancholy
,
that
wasted
him
by
degrees
,
and
at
length
cast
him
into
a
mortal
distemper
.
He
began
to
fall
ill
the
Eeve
of
St.
John
Baptists
day
.
But
then
he
would
not
disclose
that
he
ail'd
any
thing
,
and
was
present
at
the
Bonfires
,
and
at
the
publick
Annual
Ceremonies
before
the
Castle
,
for
which
there
are
extraordinary
preparations
in
Honour
of
the
Patron
of
the
Order
.
He
also
went
in
state
to
Church
upon
the
Festival
day
;
and
concealing
his
ill
disposition
of
body
,
perform'd
all
the
Duties
of
a
true
Christian
.
This
striving
against
his
Distemper
out
of
Piety
,
re-doubl'd
the
force
of
the
disease
;
so
that
in
two
days
he
fell
so
ill
,
that
the
Physicians
at
first
despair'd
of
his
life
:
nevertheless
they
were
willing
to
try
what
Art
could
do
.
But
the
Grand
Master
,
who
perceiv'd
himself
near
his
end
,
slighted
his
own
preservation
,
and
told
them
with
a
smile
▪
That
never
having
taken
Physick
,
it
was
dangerous
for
him
to
begin
at
his
years
.
However
,
he
submitted
to
the
intreaties
of
his
Nephew
,
and
the
reasons
of
the
Physicians
,
notwithstanding
his
own
natural
reluctancy
.
The
Grand
Masters
sickness
,
put
all
the
City
into
a
Consternation
.
The
Inhabitants
▪
like
people
in
despair
,
ran
to
the
Castle
,
and
from
the
Castle
to
the
Churches
,
to
implore
of
God
the
life
of
their
Prince
.
The
whole
City
was
fill'd
with
Vows
,
Prayers
,
and
Processions
.
But
his
sickness
encreasing
more
and
more
,
he
receiv'd
the
Sacrament
of
the
Church
with
a
lively
Faith
,
and
an
ardent
Devotion
,
which
both
edifi'd
and
pierc'd
the
hearts
of
all
that
stood
by
.
After
that
,
he
call'd
all
the
Knights
of
the
Council
,
and
recollecting
all
the
strength
he
had
left
;
My
dear
Brethren
,
said
he
,
I
have
no
more
then
one
short
moment
to
live
;
therefore
before
I
leave
you
,
take
it
not
amiss
that
I
exhort
you
,
to
choose
a
Person
more
worthy
then
my self
to
succeed
in
my
Place
;
and
that
I
conjure
ye
also
to
expend
all
your
Honour
in
a
generous
defence
of
the
Faith
,
and
in
the
observation
of
the
Rules
of
the
Order
.
This
is
the
favour
that
I
beg
of
you
as
a
dying
man
.
Hardly
had
he
strength
enough
to
pronounce
the
last
words
;
nor
did
he
utter
above
two
or
three
words
more
,
to
comfort
the
Knights
,
that
shed
tears
round
about
his
bed
.
At
length
he
gave
them
his
Benediction
as
his
Children
;
and
then
lying
quietly
for
some
time
,
with
his
eyes
sometimes
lifted
up
to
Heaven
,
sometimes
fix'd
upon
the
Crucifix
,
he
seem'd
to
be
in
a
kind
of
discourse
with
God
,
till
he
sweetly
and
mildly
yielded
up
his
last
breath
.
At
the
very
moment
Thus
di'd
Peter
D'Aubusson
,
Grand
Master
of
Rhodes
,
Cardinal
of
St.
Adrian
,
Legate
of
the
Holy
See
in
Asia
,
and
nominated
Generalissimo
of
the
Holy
League
.
He
was
aged
about
fourscore
years
,
and
he
had
govern'd
the
Order
above
twenty
seven
.
So
soon
as
grief
would
permit
the
Knights
to
come
to
themselves
,
they
made
it
their
bus'ness
to
render
to
the
dead
their
last
duties
with
all
the
Magnificence
imaginable
.
He
was
expos'd
upon
a
Noble
Bed
of
State
.
Nor
did
the
Ghastliness
of
death
deprive
him
of
that
sweet
and
amiable
Majesty
,
that
always
appear'd
in
his
countenance
when
alive
.
Three
Knights
stood
at
the
Beds
head
in
Mourning
,
one
holding
the
Cardinals
Cap
,
another
the
Legats
Cross
,
and
the
third
the
Standard
of
Generalissimo
.
Four
other
Knights
held
each
of
them
a
Banner
,
whereon
were
embroider'd
the
Arms
of
the
Order
,
and
those
of
D'Aubusson
.
On
each
side
of
him
stood
two
Altars
,
dress'd
up
with
Canopies
over
each
;
on
the
one
was
laid
the
Dalmatick
Gown
,
the
Mitre
,
and
all
the
Ornaments
proper
for
a
Cardinal
Deacon
.
On
the
other
lay
the
Casque
,
Corslet
,
Half-Pike
and
Sword
,
which
the
Grand
Master
made
use
of
upon
the
day
of
the
Grand
Assault
;
together
with
his
Cloathes
,
all
stain'd
with
his
own
and
the
bloud
of
the
Barbarians
.
Two
hundred
Knights
attended
besides
,
all
in
deep
mourning
.
The
People
that
crowded
to
this
fatal
Spectacle
,
could
not
forbear
weeping
bitterly
;
they
cri'd
out
,
They
had
lost
their
Father
;
and
then
kiss'd
his
hands
to
ease
their
grief
,
and
took
their
last
leaves
.
His
Obsequies
were
perform'd
the
next
day
following
,
which
the
publick
Grief
contributed
to
render
more
solemn
,
then
all
the
Funeral
Pomp.
He
was
carri'd
to
the
Church
upon
the
shoulders
of
the
principal
Grand-Crosses
,
and
Interr'd
in
the
Chappel
he
himself
had
built
.
The
first
General
Chapter
that
was
held
at
Rhodes
under
Emery
D'Amboise
,
his
Successor
,
decreed
,
That
in
Honour
of
the
Memory
of
the
Grand
Master
D'Aubusson
,
the
Order
should
,
at
the
Expence
of
the
Publick
Treasury
,
erect
him
a
Magnificent
Tomb
in
Brass
;
and
that
an
Epitaph
should
be
Engrav'd
upon
it
,
reciting
the
most
Illustrious
Actions
of
his
Life
.
The
Historians
of
the
Order
of
St.
John
do
not
mention
this
Epigram
,
and
with
all
the
diligence
I
have
us'd
,
I
could
never
hear
any
thing
more
of
it
.
However
,
the
Encomiums
which
Popes
,
Princes
,
and
Historians
have
given
the
famous
Peter
D'Aubusson
,
may
well
supply
the
place
of
that
Epitaph
.
Sixtus
the
IV.
and
Innocent
the
VIII
.
affirm
in
their
Briefs
,
that
the
Holy
See
was
infinitely
oblig'd
to
him
,
and
that
they
could
not
sufficiently
acknowledge
the
Services
he
had
done
the
Faithful
,
in
putting
a
stop
,
by
his
cares
,
and
with
the
price
of
his
own
blood
,
to
the
Conquests
of
Mahomet
the
Second
,
the
most
Formidable
Enemy
of
Christendom
.
Alexander
the
Sixth
confess'd
,
That
there
was
in
the
Grand
Master
a
Sincere
Faith
,
an
Heroick
Valour
,
an
Exquisite
Prudence
,
and
a
most
perfect
Experience
in
all
things
that
concern'd
the
War
against
the
Turks
.
The
Emperour
Maximilian
,
Ferdinand
of
Castile
,
and
Matthias
Corvin
King
of
Hungary
,
often
call'd
him
in
their
Letters
,
The
Tamer
of
the
Ottomans
,
and
the
Support
of
the
Church
.
Caoursin
calls
him
,
The
Father
of
his
Countrey
,
the
Protector
of
the
Unfortunate
,
and
the
Invincible
Defender
of
Rhodes
.
Victorellus
,
in
his
Additions
to
C.
Ciaconius
,
says
,
That
all
was
great
in
him
,
his
Wit
,
his
Courage
,
and
his
Piety
:
That
being
invested
with
the
Sacred
Purple
,
he
was
never
the
more
remiss
in
Military
Duties
;
and
that
he
had
perform'd
at
one
time
Actions
worthy
of
a
Holy
Cardinal
,
and
a
Generous
Souldier
.
The
same
Author
adds
▪
That
the
Magnanimous
D'Aubusson
,
in
all
the
Conduct
of
his
Life
,
had
no
other
aim
,
then
onely
the
Glory
of
God
,
and
Honour
of
his
Order
;
That
he
govern'd
his
Subjects
with
as
much
Lenity
as
Justice
;
and
that
his
Paternal
Goodness
was
principally
eminent
towards
the
Poor
.
The
Ecclesiastical
History
speaks
of
him
as
of
a
most
admirable
Person
,
and
one
that
merited
all
manner
of
Applause
.
In
short
,
the
History
of
the
Knights
of
St.
John
extolls
him
above
all
the
Grand
Masters
,
equals
him
to
the
Hero's
of
Antient
times
,
and
propounds
him
as
a
Model
to
all
the
Princes
of
Christendom
.
A
CONTINUATION
Of
the
HISTORY
OF
Rhodes
,
Under
the
Government
of
Philip
de
Villiers
Lisle
Adam
,
Containing
the
Siege
of
Solyman
the
Magnificent
,
no
less
famous
●●●n
that
Mahomet
the
II.
UPon
the
death
of
Peter
D'Aubusson
,
Emery
D'Amboise
,
Prior
of
France
,
then
absent
,
was
chosen
in
his
place
;
in
whose
time
,
though
Bajazet
swore
to
besiege
Rhodes
with
a
puissant
Army
,
yet
he
attempted
nothing
.
He
was
a
Prince
,
vertuous
,
valiant
,
charitable
,
and
successful
in
his
Enterpizes
;
so
that
under
his
Government
the
Knights
perform'd
several
notable
Exploits
to
the
honour
of
the
Order
,
and
won
among
the
rest
that
famous
Victory
at
Sea
from
the
Soldan
of
Egypt
,
signaliz'd
by
the
death
of
the
Soldan's
Nephew
who
commanded
the
Fleet.
To
Emery
D'Amboise
succeeded
,
by
a
fair
Election
,
Guy
de
Blancefort
Prior
of
Auvergne
.
In
his
time
Sultan
Selim
having
caus'd
his
Father
Bajazet
to
be
strangl'd
,
and
put
to
death
Achmac
and
Corcutt
,
his
two
Brothers
,
with
their
Wives
and
Children
,
possess'd
himself
of
the
Empire
;
wherein
he
was
●o
sooner
settl
▪
d
,
but
he
design'd
to
lay
siege
to
Rhodes
.
The
Report
whereof
alarum'd
the
Grand
Master
to
make
preparations
for
his
defence
;
wherein
he
proceeded
as
far
as
could
be
expected
,
considering
the
short
time
of
his
Government
;
for
in
less
then
a
year
he
dy'd
,
and
left
his
place
to
be
supply'd
by
the
Admiral
de
Carretta
,
who
the
first
thing
he
did
,
made
a
League
with
Ishmael
Sophi
the
King
of
Persia
against
Selim.
For
understanding
that
the
Turk
still
continu'd
his
vast
preparations
for
War
,
he
thought
it
was
but
a
piece
of
common
Providence
to
provide
for
himself
.
But
the
Storm
fell
upon
the
Soldan
of
Egypt
,
who
being
overthrown
in
Battel
,
lost
all
Syria
,
together
with
his
life
,
in
the
first
place
;
and
soon
after
his
Successor
,
having
twice
unfortunately
fought
Selim
himself
,
and
being
by
him
at
length
taken
and
hang'd
upon
one
of
the
Gates
of
Caire
,
lost
all
Egypt
,
of
which
Selim
made
himself
absolute
Master
.
But
whether
Selim
intended
any
mischief
against
Rhodes
or
no
,
his
death
hasten'd
the
fate
of
Rhodes
;
for
upon
that
the
Empire
fell
to
his
Son
Solymon
the
Magnificent
,
the
shock
of
whose
fury
and
puissance
,
upon
the
death
of
the
Admiral
Caretta
,
Philip
de
Villiers
Lisle
Adam
Prior
of
France
,
was
chosen
to
withstand
;
being
elected
Grand
Master
the
22d
.
of
January
,
1521.
whose
deportment
in
so
Grand
a
Siege
would
he
too
unkindly
left
out
,
where
D'
Aubusson's
Fame
is
so
honourably
expanded
;
it
being
certain
that
never
two
Courages
were
better
mated
in
story
.
Never
was
a
City
more
valiantly
defended
,
nor
more
valiantly
lost
.
And
it
is
a
question
undetermin'd
whether
of
the
two
got
most
,
Amurach
by
rising
from
it
,
or
Solyman
by
taking
it
;
while
the
one
prudently
sav'd
,
the
other
became
a
meer
prodigal
of
blood
.
Philip
de
Villiers
was
absent
at
the
time
of
his
being
elected
,
and
therefore
Gabriel
de
Pomerols
was
chosen
his
Lieutenant
till
his
arrival
.
Which
dignity
while
he
executed
,
he
thought
fit
to
send
to
the
Pope
a
Model
of
the
City
of
Rhodes
,
that
he
might
see
how
it
was
fortifi'd
.
But
that
which
might
have
prov'd
of
higher
concern
,
was
the
arrival
of
another
Embassador
from
the
Grand
Sophi
,
to
continue
that
private
correspondence
which
was
begun
with
Carretta
.
Unluckily
he
finds
Carretta
dead
;
so
that
his
Commission
being
at
an
end
,
he
went
to
visit
Amurath
the
Son
of
Sultan
Zelim
,
in
the
behalf
of
the
Sophi
.
That
young
Prince
was
entertain'd
by
the
Order
at
their
own
Expences
in
the
Castle
of
Ferracla
,
whither
the
Knights
sent
several
Presents
to
the
young
Sultan
,
that
he
might
be
able
to
gratifie
the
Embassador
,
who
soon
after
return'd
home
to
his
own
Prince
,
not
so
much
as
mentioning
any
thing
of
the
business
for
which
he
was
sent
.
The
Grand
Master
being
in
France
at
the
time
of
his
Election
,
made
all
the
haste
he
could
to
his
charge
,
departing
from
Marseilles
in
the
Carrack
of
Rhodes
,
together
with
four
other
hir'd
Vessels
.
But
his
Voyage
seem'd
to
be
somewhat
inauspicious
.
For
one
of
the
Vessels
was
split
by
the
way
;
and
the
great
Carrack
it self
had
like
to
have
been
burnt
;
being
all
on
fire
through
the
carelesness
of
the
Cook
,
but
was
happily
quench'd
again
through
the
industry
and
authority
of
the
Grand
Master
.
More
then
this
,
having
past
by
Nice
and
Corsica
,
a
flash
of
lightning
shot
it self
into
the
main
Cabin
of
the
Carrack
,
and
melted
his
Sword
without
hurting
the
Scabbard
.
Which
little
accidents
were
by
some
interpreted
as
ill
omens
of
the
success
of
the
Siege
of
the
Rhodes
,
that
soon
after
happen'd
.
Cortogoli
also
,
the
Grand
Turkish
Pirate
laid
way
to
intercept
the
Grand
Master
,
with
a
great
number
of
Gallys
and
Galeots
,
partly
out
of
hopes
of
booty
,
partly
to
revenge
the
death
of
his
Brothers
which
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
had
slain
,
and
to
set
the
third
at
liberty
,
being
then
a
slave
in
Rhodes
.
However
the
Grand
Master
,
contrary
to
the
advice
and
entreaties
of
the
Knights
and
great
Personages
that
attended
him
,
with
full
sails
made
the
Cape
of
St.
Angelo
,
and
in
the
might
time
pass'd
the
place
where
the
Turks
lay
in
wait
for
him
,
and
arriv'd
safe
in
Rhodes
.
Cortogoli
,
While
things
were
thus
transacted
at
Rhodes
,
Solyman
being
come
to
the
Empire
,
contrary
to
the
Opinion
of
all
men
,
that
he
would
be
a
peaceable
Prince
;
soon
after
displaying
the
inordinate
Ambition
of
his
Predecessors
,
with
a
vast
power
of
men
besieg'd
Belgrade
in
Hungary
,
and
took
it
.
This
Victory
swell'd
him
up
;
so
that
burning
with
a
desire
to
conquer
Rhodes
,
yet
willing
to
conceal
his
design
,
that
he
might
the
better
make
his
preparations
,
he
sent
an
Embassador
to
the
Grand
Master
,
to
whom
he
deliver'd
a
Letter
,
written
in
the
Greek
Language
,
wherein
he
magnifi'd
the
Grandeur
of
his
Empire
,
and
his
Victories
,
highly
extoll'd
the
Vertues
of
the
Grand
Master
,
and
offer'd
him
peace
and
friendship
.
The
Grand
Master
,
and
those
of
the
Council
immediately
understood
the
craft
and
fallacy
of
Solyman
,
and
that
being
young
and
full
of
Ambition
,
his
courage
and
deliberations
tended
to
other
designs
then
the
Tenor
of
his
Letter
imply'd
.
And
therefore
there
was
an
Answer
return'd
him
in
the
name
of
the
Grand
Master
;
by
which
he
plainly
understood
that
he
was
discover'd
;
that
the
Rhodians
neither
fear'd
nor
trusted
him
;
so
that
he
was
likely
to
find
it
afar
more
difficult
task
to
conquer
them
,
then
he
had
found
at
Belgrade
.
Therefore
he
enter'd
into
several
consultations
about
this
Enterprize
,
concerning
which
the
most
part
of
his
Council
laid
before
him
the
difficulties
he
would
meet
with
,
and
disswaded
him
from
hazarding
either
his
Forces
or
his
Reputation
upon
an
attempt
so
unlikely
to
succeed
.
And
indeed
Mustapha
Basha
,
and
Curtogoli
were
the
only
persons
that
fix'd
him
in
his
Resolution
.
Among
other
things
they
represented
to
him
that
there
was
no
other
means
for
him
peaceably
to
enjoy
the
Provinces
of
Egypt
and
Syria
;
for
that
the
shortest
and
only
way
for
him
to
receive
intelligence
from
thence
,
and
to
send
thither
,
was
cut
off
by
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
,
who
spread
themselves
upon
those
Seas
,
and
intercepted
all
his
Vessels
.
For
which
reason
he
was
constrain'd
to
keep
a
Fleet
alwaies
out
at
Sea
:
Besides
,
that
as
long
as
those
of
the
Order
kept
footing
in
Rhodes
,
they
would
be
continually
animating
and
inciting
the
Christian
Princes
to
make
War
upon
him
,
and
to
league
themselves
together
for
the
Recovery
of
the
holy
Land
.
He
had
found
among
the
private
Memoirs
of
Selim
his
Father
,
that
the
onely
way
for
him
to
secure
his
own
affairs
,
was
to
make
himself
Master
of
Belgrade
and
Rhodes
;
by
the
scituation
whereof
the
Christians
had
alwaies
an
opportunity
to
bring
the
War
into
the
midst
of
his
Territories
.
He
was
also
importun'd
and
press'd
thereto
by
the
complaints
of
the
Inhabitants
of
Metelin
,
Negropont
,
Caramania
,
the
Morea
,
and
his
new
Subjects
of
Egypt
and
Syria
,
who
were
perpetually
alarum'd
,
pillag'd
,
and
plunder'd
by
those
of
the
Order
.
He
was
also
the
more
incited
thereto
by
the
opportunity
which
presented
it self
by
reason
of
the
Divisions
and
Wars
between
Charles
the
fifth
and
the
King
of
France
,
from
whom
all
the
main
Succour
must
come
,
which
the
Knights
could
expect
:
and
more
then
all
this
,
by
the
daily
intelligence
which
he
had
receiv'd
from
a
Jewish
Physician
,
whom
Selim
had
sent
to
live
in
Rhodes
for
a
Spy
.
This
Physician
expert
in
his
Art
,
had
perform'd
many
excellent
Cures
,
and
by
his
officiousness
and
diligence
toward
all
people
had
so
insinuated
himself
into
the
acquaintance
and
favour
of
the
Principal
Knights
of
the
Order
,
that
he
easily
div'd
into
their
secrets
,
and
sent
his
Advices
to
a
Greek
of
Scio
,
who
convey'd
them
to
Constantinople
.
Among
other
things
he
advertiz'd
Solyman
,
that
there
was
a
great
part
of
the
Wall
thrown
down
near
the
Bulwark
of
Auvergne
to
be
rebuilt
according
to
the
Design
and
Directions
of
the
Engineers
,
so
that
the
City
might
be
easily
surpriz'd
,
if
his
Fleet
came
in
time
to
attacque
it
in
that
place
.
But
the
best
Intelligence
that
Solyman
receiv'd
was
giv'n
him
by
Andrew
D'Amarall
,
Prior
of
Castile
,
and
afterward
Chancellor
of
the
Order
,
who
bare
in
his
mind
a
mortal
hatred
and
enmity
against
the
Grand
Master
,
ever
since
the
difference
that
happen'd
between
them
ever
since
the
Battel
of
Layasso
;
and
against
the
Order
it self
,
for
that
notwithstanding
all
his
underhand
dealing
for
the
Honour
,
they
had
elected
with
an
unanimous
consent
,
the
Grand
Master
,
both
for
his
merit
and
his
vertues
.
This
venom
of
Ambition
,
Malice
and
Revenge
so
strongly
possess'd
him
,
and
gain'd
so
far
upon
him
,
as
to
make
him
resolve
upon
this
hideous
Act
of
Treason
.
The
day
of
the
Election
he
was
heard
to
say
,
that
this
would
be
the
last
Grand
Master
of
Rhodes
:
And
some
daies
before
the
Siege
,
he
wish'd
his
soul
in
the
hands
of
the
Devil
,
so
that
Rhodes
and
the
Order
might
be
ruin'd
.
He
had
in
his
service
a
Turkish
slave
,
of
a
quick
and
ready
apprehension
,
to
whom
he
pretended
to
have
giv'n
his
Liberty
,
as
being
ransom'd
.
This
slave
he
sent
to
Constantinople
with
a
particular
and
exact
discovery
of
the
State
of
the
City
,
of
the
Provisions
and
Ammunition
therein
,
and
what
Corn
was
wanting
;
perswading
the
Great
Turk
to
send
his
Fleet
with
all
speed
,
promising
him
a
certain
Victory
,
and
to
give
him
all
the
Intelligence
that
should
be
requisite
.
Solyman
found
this
to
be
sound
Intelligence
,
knowing
that
Amaral
was
one
of
the
Principal
Knights
,
and
being
of
their
Council
,
knew
whatever
was
decreed
or
voted
for
the
defence
of
the
City
;
and
sent
back
the
slave
laden
with
gifts
,
and
promises
of
future
rewards
.
Amaral
entertain'd
him
,
pretending
he
had
brought
his
Ransom
.
This
Action
caus'd
in
many
an
extream
dislike
,
and
a
general
suspition
of
him
,
but
by
reason
of
his
Dignity
and
Authority
,
there
were
none
that
durst
to
speak
their
minds
freely
.
In
the
mean
time
Leo
deceas'd
,
after
he
had
govern'd
the
Papacy
eight
years
;
and
Solyman
made
all
his
preparations
as
privately
as
possibly
he
cou'd
,
giving
it
out
that
he
intended
either
for
Apulia
or
Cyprus
.
Nevertheless
the
Grand
Master
was
advertiz'd
of
every
thing
by
his
Spies
;
and
being
assur'd
that
he
should
be
besieg'd
,
sate
in
Council
every
day
;
and
as
often
did
Amarall
labour
to
suppress
the
report
of
the
Siege
,
as
much
as
in
him
lay
,
to
divert
and
hinder
the
Order
from
making
those
Provisions
which
were
necessary
for
their
defence
;
instancing
how
often
such
Rumours
had
been
in
vain
,
and
how
needless
it
was
for
the
Order
to
put
themselves
to
unnecessary
charges
at
a
time
when
their
Exchequer
ran
low
.
However
the
Grand
Master
receiv'd
more
certain
and
pregnant
Intelligence
by
a
Ragusian
,
a
person
of
understanding
,
and
one
that
had
the
Turkish
Language
at
command
,
whom
he
had
sent
to
Constantinople
for
a
Spy
,
that
the
Grand
Signior
was
setting
forth
a
vast
number
of
Ships
,
and
preparing
all
sorts
of
Engines
of
War
,
and
Guns
of
an
extraordinary
bigness
;
and
that
there
was
a
stop
upon
all
persons
going
to
Rhodes
without
the
leave
of
the
Governours
.
Thereupon
the
Grand
Master
making
no
farther
doubt
of
the
Truth
,
put
all
hands
to
the
fortifications
,
giving
the
charge
thereof
to
the
Knights
,
Anthony
Brito
,
a
Portoguese
,
and
Francis
Nueres
of
the
Priory
of
Aquitaine
.
He
also
made
provision
of
Ovens
and
Mills
,
and
Lodgings
for
the
Country
people
that
should
retire
into
the
City
.
While
these
things
were
in
hand
,
he
sent
to
Pope
Adrian
,
of
whom
he
earnestly
requested
succour
against
the
Turks
;
as
also
to
the
Emperour
and
the
King
of
France
,
but
in
vain
,
because
they
were
then
in
open
War
one
against
the
other
.
As
for
the
Pope
,
he
rather
prejudic'd
,
then
assisted
them
.
For
the
Italian
Knights
being
inform'd
that
he
conferr'd
every
day
Commanderies
in
Italy
to
their
detriment
,
complain'd
to
the
Council
of
Rhodes
,
and
desir'd
leave
that
they
might
go
altogether
to
Rome
,
to
make
their
complaints
to
his
Holiness
;
which
Liberty
,
considering
the
State
of
Affairs
,
was
at
that
time
deny'd
them
.
Thus
was
the
Pope
the
Occasion
of
an
unseasonable
disorder
.
For
upon
this
the
Italians
openly
complain'd
of
the
Grand
Master
,
while
the
Chancellor
Amarall
secretly
blew
the
bellows
of
dissention
,
and
carry'd
it
so
far
,
as
to
deny
their
service
to
the
Order
,
and
to
obey
the
Commands
of
the
Grand
Master
.
Thereupon
the
Grand
Master
depriv'd
of
their
habit
three
of
the
Principal
Ring-leaders
,
Gabriel
Solier
,
James
Palavicino
,
and
Lewis
Moroso
.
And
to
justifie
himself
,
he
referr'd
the
whole
to
the
consideration
and
examination
of
the
Council
,
who
made
their
report
,
that
the
Grand
Master
had
done
nothing
but
what
was
just
,
prudent
and
rational
.
However
some
of
the
Knights
fearing
the
mischief
of
Commotion
and
Alteration
at
such
a
conjuncture
,
made
it
their
business
to
pacifie
the
Italians
,
laying
before
them
,
that
the
world
would
think
and
could
not
judge
otherwise
,
but
that
they
sought
for
a
pretence
to
go
to
Rome
,
not
so
much
for
the
sake
of
their
Commanderies
,
as
to
escape
the
danger
of
the
approaching
Siege
.
Whereby
the
perswaders
wrought
so
far
,
that
the
Mutineers
laid
aside
their
anger
,
made
their
excuses
and
return'd
to
the
Obedience
of
the
Grand
Master
,
who
as
kindly
embrac'd
and
pardon'd
them
.
This
bustle
being
over
,
there
arriv'd
at
Rhodes
an
Agent
from
Peri
Basha
,
who
deliver'd
a
Letter
to
the
Grand
Master
,
wherein
the
Basha
invited
him
to
a
Treaty
of
Peace
with
the
Grand
Signior
,
assuring
him
that
if
he
sought
it
,
he
should
be
well
receiv'd
;
and
advising
him
withall
to
send
for
that
purpose
persons
of
Quality
to
the
Port.
The
Embassador
also
deliver'd
other
Letters
from
the
Grand
Signior
himself
,
much
to
the
same
effect
.
Most
part
of
the
Council
,
considering
the
Age
of
Peri
,
who
was
ancient
,
and
his
known
prudence
and
moderation
,
had
a
good
opinion
of
the
Truth
of
the
Embassie
,
insomuch
that
they
resolv'd
to
send
to
Constantinople
the
Chevalier
Marquet
Cataline
,
and
with
him
a
Rhodian
named
Castrophylaca
,
a
person
of
great
judgment
,
and
well
skill'd
in
the
Turkish
Language
,
to
conclude
a
Peace
in
the
same
manner
as
it
had
been
concluded
in
the
time
of
D'Aubusson
.
But
when
they
were
consulting
about
their
Instructions
,
some
better
considering
of
the
business
,
began
to
be
of
opinion
;
that
Peri
was
only
a
dissembler
,
and
observ'd
that
Solymans
Letter
gave
no
credence
to
that
of
Peri
,
and
that
it
was
not
practicable
to
send
an
Embassadour
without
a
safe
conduct
in
ample
manner
from
the
Grand
Signiour
.
While
they
were
in
these
doubts
,
the
Grand
Master
was
advertiz'd
that
Peri's
Embassadour
wandred
about
the
City
,
and
with
a
diligent
eye
observ'd
the
Fortifications
,
and
made
enquiries
after
the
Quantity
of
Provisions
,
the
number
of
Souldiers
,
and
what
relief
was
expected
.
This
open'd
the
eyes
of
the
Council
and
gave
them
to
understand
that
they
were
abus'd
,
and
that
the
Embassadour
was
only
come
as
a
spie
.
Thereupon
they
presently
sent
him
away
;
ordering
a
Greek
of
mean
Quality
to
go
along
with
him
,
to
whom
they
gave
two
Letters
,
one
to
Solyman
,
the
other
to
the
Basha
,
where
in
a
few
words
the
Grand
Master
declar'd
that
he
had
intelligence
of
every
thing
,
and
that
he
had
neither
any
thought
or
fear
of
the
Grand
Signiour
,
or
of
his
forces
.
Nevertheless
he
desir'd
a
safe
conduct
for
an
Embassadour
,
and
offer'd
to
restrain
the
Incursions
of
those
of
the
Order
.
The
Embassadour
being
arriv'd
at
Port
Fisco
,
found
Horses
there
ready
for
him
,
and
went
Post
to
Constantinople
,
leaving
the
Greek
behind
;
who
being
unwilling
to
travel
alone
through
an
Enemies
Country
so
far
a
journey
,
return'd
to
Rhodes
in
the
same
Vessel
that
carry'd
him
.
By
which
miscarriage
every
one
was
then
ascertain'd
that
the
Embassie
was
but
only
a
deceit
,
and
that
the
Town
would
suddainly
be
besiedg'd
.
The
City
was
well
provided
of
Flesh
,
pulse
,
and
wheat
,
of
which
there
was
enough
all
the
time
of
the
siege
;
&
as
for
warlike
munitions
it
was
thought
there
had
bin
enough
,
though
the
Siege
had
lasted
a
whole
year
.
But
they
found
it
otherwise
,
for
they
spent
a
great
quantity
to
hinder
the
approaches
of
the
Enemies
Trenches
:
besides
the
continual
wast
of
powder
and
shot
day
&
night
against
so
many
thousands
of
busy
Enemies
.
Thereupon
the
Chevalier
Antonie
Bosio
,
a
person
of
a
quick
Capacity
,
and
one
who
did
many
services
for
the
Order
,
while
he
liv'd
,
was
sent
into
Candy
for
wine
,
and
to
make
a
Levy
of
Archers
;
but
the
Candiots
,
afraid
of
the
Turk
,
forbid
him
to
raise
any
men
;
However
under
pretence
of
a
convoy
for
his
freight
,
he
brought
away
four
hundred
Archers
,
which
did
eminent
service
all
the
time
of
the
Siege
.
The
same
Bosio
met
also
upon
the
Sea
with
a
Venetian
,
whose
name
was
Anthony
Bonaldi
,
coming
from
Alexandria
in
a
great
Vessel
laden
with
Wine
and
bound
for
Constantinople
.
But
Bosio
perswaded
him
to
alter
his
Course
,
and
bring
his
Cargo
to
Rhodes
;
where
after
he
had
sold
his
Wine
,
he
put
himself
and
his
men
into
the
service
of
the
Order
,
and
behav'd
himself
during
the
siege
,
like
a
person
of
great
valor
.
And
now
intelligence
came
from
all
parts
,
especially
from
the
Duke
of
Nixia
,
that
the
Galleys
were
lanching
,
and
that
the
whole
fleet
would
depart
at
the
Latter
end
of
May.
Thereupon
the
Grand
Master
caus'd
a
General
Muster
to
be
made
as
well
of
the
Knights
,
as
of
the
other
Souldiers
.
As
to
those
of
the
Habit
,
there
appear'd
one
and
fifty
of
the
Language
of
Province
;
26
of
that
of
Auvergne
;
Sixty
two
of
France
;
Forty
seven
of
Italy
;
Fifty
one
of
Arragon
,
Catalogne
and
Navar
;
Eleven
of
England
;
Six
of
Germany
;
Fifty
seven
of
Castile
;
besides
13
others
more
that
kept
guard
in
the
Castle
of
St.
Nicholas
.
The
whole
Garrison
consisted
of
about
5000
men
.
After
the
muster
was
thus
made
,
the
Grand
Master
appointed
to
every
Commander
his
particular
duty
,
what
Posts
,
what
Bastions
to
keep
or
relieve
as
necessity
requir'd
;
and
what
Knights
to
be
continually
about
his
own
person
.
Particularly
William
Watson
commanded
the
English
Post
.
Nicholas
Hussey
the
English
Bastion
;
and
Thomas
Sheffeild
was
Captain
of
St.
Anthonies
Gate
.
The
City
was
in
this
posture
,
when
there
was
a
signal
made
by
fire
from
Fisco
,
that
there
were
some
persons
there
which
desir'd
to
parley
.
Thereupon
the
Grand
Master
sent
the
Knigh
Boniface
D'
Alluys
a
Provençal
thither
with
his
Gally
.
When
he
came
neer
the
place
where
the
fire
was
,
certain
horsemen
that
stood
upon
the
shore
gave
the
Knight
to
understand
that
they
had
a
Letter
to
deliver
from
the
Grand
Signiour
;
and
invited
him
a
shoar
:
But
the
Knight
too
well
understanding
the
humour
of
the
Turks
,
told
them
he
had
but
a
short
time
to
stay
,
and
therefore
if
they
had
any
thing
to
say
,
they
should
dispatch
quickly
,
otherwise
he
would
not
tarry
.
Thereupon
the
Turks
threw
a
Letter
ty'd
to
a
stone
into
the
Galley
;
which
Letter
was
deliver'd
to
the
Grand
Master
,
and
read
in
Council
.
In
this
Letter
Solyman
demanded
that
Rhodes
should
be
surrender'd
up
to
him
,
promising
security
,
and
good
usage
to
all
in
general
,
with
liberty
to
the
Inhabitants
to
enjoy
their
own
Laws
and
Religion
,
permission
to
them
that
would
depart
freely
with
their
families
and
estates
,
and
great
advantages
to
them
that
would
take
up
Armes
in
his
service
.
Otherwise
he
threaten'd
utterly
to
ruin
the
City
,
walls
and
Towers
,
and
to
make
the
Inhabitants
all
slaves
.
To
this
the
Council
thought
it
not
convenient
to
return
any
answer
,
but
to
stand
resolutely
upon
their
guard
.
Thereupon
the
Grand
Master
having
certain
advice
that
the
Fleet
was
under
sail
,
defac'd
all
the
Gardens
without
the
City
,
beginning
with
his
own
,
and
caus'd
the
Earth
and
rubbish
to
be
carry'd
into
the
Town
,
where
it
was
of
great
use
for
the
repair
of
breaches
.
He
sent
also
for
the
Country
people
in
,
poyson'd
the
waters
,
and
burnt
the
Corn
and
straw
that
remain'd
upon
the
Ground
.
The
Vanguard
of
the
Fleet
that
first
appear'd
consisted
of
30
Gallys
;
out
of
which
some
few
of
the
Turks
landed
in
Lango
to
burn
and
pillage
according
to
their
custom
.
But
the
Commander
of
the
Fort
mounting
all
his
men
,
charg'd
them
so
vigorously
,
that
having
slain
five
or
six
,
and
taken
three
prisoners
,
he
drove
the
rest
to
their
Galleys
,
though
his
own
Horse
were
kill'd
under
him
,
and
some
few
of
his
men
wounded
.
Thereupon
the
Turks
left
Lango
,
and
made
to
the
Jews
Castle
,
and
so
entring
the
Gulf
of
Essimes
,
about
fifteen
miles
from
Rhodes
they
were
first
discover'd
by
the
sentinels
from
Mount
Sallac
.
The
24th
.
of
June
,
being
St.
Johns
day
,
the
Turks
came
to
an
anchor
on
that
side
of
Rhodes
,
where
stood
the
Castle
Favit
.
There
they
landed
,
and
burnt
the
Corn
upon
the
ground
,
&
the
same
day
the
body
of
the
Fleet
appear'd
in
the
Gulf
of
Essimes
,
where
the
30
Galleys
joyn'd
with
the
main
Body
.
And
yet
the
danger
being
so
neer
,
there
happen'd
almost
as
dangerous
a
Contest
between
the
Auvergnian
,
and
German
Languages
;
while
the
Germans
pretended
that
one
part
of
the
new
Bastion
next
St.
Georges
Gate
belong'd
to
them
,
and
the
Auvergnians
,
claim'd
it
to
themselves
;
insomuch
that
they
had
like
to
have
come
to
blows
.
But
the
Grand
Master
interposing
his
Authority
,
the
decision
of
the
controversie
was
referr'd
to
the
next
General
Chapter
.
In
the
mean
time
it
was
order'd
that
no
other
ensigns
should
be
set
up
there
but
those
of
the
Grand
Master
and
of
the
Order
.
The
26
of
June
the
whole
Fleet
was
discover'd
making
directly
from
the
Gulf
of
Essimes
for
Rhodes
;
and
coming
to
that
part
of
the
Isle
which
is
call'd
the
Foss
or
Hole
,
8
miles
from
Rhodes
,
they
came
to
an
Anchor
;
which
not
a
little
consternated
the
women
and
common
people
of
the
City
.
But
the
Grand
Master
without
the
least
shew
of
Alteration
in
his
Countenance
,
with
his
accustom'd
constancy
and
serenity
,
went
up
and
down
from
place
to
place
providing
for
every
thing
;
and
that
very
day
,
which
seem'd
to
be
the
most
terrible
,
caus'd
Service
to
be
said
,
and
Processions
to
be
made
with
the
same
order
and
tranquility
,
as
if
it
had
bin
in
a
time
of
undisturb'd
peace
.
After
that
,
he
caus'd
the
Gates
to
be
shut
,
and
issu'd
out
of
his
palace
arm'd
,
and
attended
by
his
guards
,
causing
the
Drums
to
beat
,
and
the
trumpets
to
sound
,
the
Souldiers
to
take
their
appointed
Posts
,
and
set
up
the
standards
and
ensigns
upon
the
several
Towers
and
Bastions
,
which
a
far
off
afforded
a
noble
and
magnificent
sight
,
reviv'd
the
courage
of
the
Souldiery
,
and
settled
the
Resolution
of
the
people
.
In
the
mean
time
the
30
Galleys
made
up
to
Cape
St.
Martin
,
there
to
keep
Guard
,
and
to
surprize
such
Vessels
as
should
come
to
bring
relief
to
the
besieged
.
Late
in
the
evening
the
whole
Fleet
,
consisting
of
a
hundred
sail
,
left
the
Foss
or
Hole
,
and
passing
by
the
Port
at
three
miles
distance
,
came
and
rode
in
another
part
of
the
Island
at
a
place
call'd
Parambolin
,
six
miles
from
the
City
;
because
it
was
a
rode
secure
from
the
West
winds
that
blow
hard
in
that
Channel
.
Some
dayes
after
the
rest
of
the
Fleet
joyn'd
,
and
lay
there
at
an
Anchor
all
the
time
of
the
Siege
.
There
were
in
this
Fleet
a
hundred
Galleys
,
besides
the
thirty
before
mentioned
;
thirty
great
Galeasses
,
fifteen
Mahons
,
twenty
Flat-bottom'd
Boats
,
sixty
Fusts
,
and
a
great
number
of
Brigantines
,
ten
or
twelve
great
Ships
,
as
big
as
Gallions
,
carrying
provisions
.
Some
few
daies
after
arriv'd
more
from
Syria
,
and
other
parts
;
so
that
the
whole
Fleet
consisted
of
400
Sail
of
all
sorts
,
and
the
Army
of
two
hundred
thousand
men
,
of
which
sixty
thousand
were
Pioneers
.
The
same
day
that
the
Fleet
arriv'd
at
Parambolin
,
the
Grand
Master
dispatch'd
the
Chevalier
Bresols
to
the
Pope
,
the
Chevalier
Andugar
to
the
Emperour
and
King
of
Spain
,
and
the
Chevalier
D'Ansonville
to
the
Kings
of
England
and
France
,
to
give
them
notice
of
the
Siege
,
and
to
crave
succour
.
Other
Knights
he
dispatch'd
away
to
buy
all
the
Ammunition
and
war-like
Provisions
they
could
,
and
to
hasten
back
with
all
speed
to
Rhodes
.
He
also
sent
away
summons
to
the
absent
Knights
,
to
repair
forthwith
to
the
defence
of
their
Island
.
The
Turks
were
thirteen
daies
before
they
made
one
shot
,
or
any
other
attempt
,
by
reason
that
the
Lycian
Army
was
not
come
up
;
but
no
sooner
was
that
Army
enter'd
the
Island
,
but
the
Turks
began
to
set
up
their
Pavilions
,
and
to
lodge
their
Camp
in
a
place
out
of
the
reach
of
the
Rhodian
Artillery
,
to
land
their
Guns
,
mount
and
plant
them
,
open
their
Trenches
,
and
make
their
approaches
.
Then
it
was
that
the
Grand
Master
left
his
own
Palace
,
and
took
up
his
Quarters
in
St.
Marys
of
the
Victorie
,
as
being
the
weakest
part
of
the
City
,
and
upon
which
the
Turks
in
ther
former
Siege
had
made
their
chiefest
Assaults
.
At
the
same
time
also
the
Turks
,
for
a
beginning
,
rais'd
a
little
Penthouse
of
Boards
,
from
whence
they
shot
at
the
Posts
of
England
and
Provence
.
But
the
Artillery
from
the
Town
immediately
ruin'd
it
,
and
kill'd
the
Cannoneers
.
After
that
they
rais'd
two
other
Batteries
upon
the
Hill
of
Saint
Cosmus
,
and
St.
Damian
,
and
shot
against
the
Posts
of
England
and
Spain
,
but
the
shot
from
the
City
ruin'd
those
in
the
same
manner
.
As
the
Turks
were
labouring
to
advance
their
Trenches
to
the
place
where
they
design'd
to
plant
their
Canon
,
the
besieg'd
were
very
desirous
to
make
a
Salley
;
to
which
the
Grand
Master
having
giv'n
his
consent
,
St.
Athanasius's
Gate
was
open'd
,
and
out
they
fell
upon
those
that
were
working
in
the
Trenches
;
with
whom
they
made
such
work
,
that
the
Turk
were
all
cut
to
pieces
,
before
any
relief
could
come
to
them
.
But
then
the
besieged
observing
a
great
Body
making
toward
them
,
retir'd
skirmishing
under
the
English
and
Spanish
Guns
,
which
then
playing
upon
the
Enemy
,
made
a
dreadful
havock
among
them
,
in
regard
they
came
on
so
thick
,
that
it
was
impossible
for
a
bullet
to
miss
.
The
Christians
afterwards
made
some
Sallies
with
like
success
;
but
because
some
one
or
other
still
fell
,
the
Grand
Master
considering
that
the
loss
of
one
man
was
more
to
him
then
the
loss
of
a
hundred
to
the
Enemy
,
forbid
any
more
Sallies
to
be
made
:
For
it
was
observ'd
,
that
during
the
Siege
the
first
Army
was
recruited
with
above
a
hundred
thousand
men
;
which
was
an
easie
thing
for
them
to
do
,
having
the
Land
so
near
them
to
befriend
them
,
and
such
a
number
of
Vessels
every
day
ready
at
command
.
The
Salleys
being
over
,
the
Turks
advanc'd
their
Trenches
with
more
freedom
.
So
that
they
rais'd
in
several
places
above
sixty
Batteries
,
chiefly
against
the
Posts
of
England
,
Provence
,
Spain
and
Italy
;
but
the
Artillery
from
the
Town
overthrew
so
many
,
that
only
thirty
four
remain'd
.
At
that
time
arriv'd
at
Rhodes
a
Gentleman
whose
name
was
Gabriel
Radin
Martinengo
,
a
person
well
known
for
his
skill
in
Fortifications
,
whom
Bozio
had
perswaded
to
leave
Candy
and
come
to
the
assistance
of
the
Rhodians
.
Him
the
Grand
Master
highly
honour'd
,
gave
him
the
habit
of
the
Order
,
and
permission
to
wear
the
Cross
;
made
him
supernitendant
over
the
Artillery
,
with
a
promise
of
the
first
Vacancy
that
fell
in
the
Italian
Language
:
honours
which
he
highly
deserv'd
,
by
carrying
himself
so
nobly
and
vertuously
all
the
time
of
the
Siege
.
Now
that
the
Grand
Master
might
set
him
at
work
,
he
signifi'd
his
desire
to
know
the
condition
of
the
Turkish
Army
,
and
what
they
intended
to
do
.
Whereupon
,
a
Mariner
,
born
in
Trebizond
,
then
in
the
service
of
the
Order
,
took
seven
or
eight
young
men
of
his
acquaintance
,
and
having
shav'd
and
clad
themselves
in
Turkish
Habit
,
they
took
Melons
,
Cowcumbers
,
and
other
fruits
,
and
secretly
embark'd
themselves
the
next
night
:
and
avoyding
the
Turkish
Fleet
,
made
out
to
the
Sea
,
and
so
return'd
by
break
of
day
in
sight
of
Rhodes
,
as
if
they
had
come
from
Turky
.
From
thence
they
made
to
the
Cape
which
is
nearest
to
Lycia
,
where
the
Merchants
met
from
all
parts
to
sell
Refreshments
of
all
sorts
to
the
Army
.
There
they
put
to
sale
their
Melons
and
Cowcumbers
,
and
I
rankly
inquir'd
what
news
of
the
Army
.
The
Turks
,
who
took
them
for
natural
Turks
,
as
willingly
satisfy'd
them
,
and
told
them
the
whole
condition
of
their
Forces
.
When
they
had
sold
all
,
and
understood
all
,
they
made
out
to
Sea
again
,
having
receiv'd
two
Turks
into
their
Vessel
,
with
much
entreaty
,
that
were
weary
of
an
Army
Life
.
Those
they
bound
hand
and
foot
,
and
brought
along
with
them
into
Rhodes
,
and
presented
to
the
Grand
Master
,
who
order'd
the
Prior
of
St.
Giles
,
and
Martinengo
to
examin
them
.
These
two
Turks
being
carry'd
up
to
the
steeple
of
St.
John
,
shew'd
the
Prior
and
Martinengo
how
the
Quarters
of
the
Turkish
Army
were
dispos'd
;
told
them
the
Number
of
the
Souldiers
;
that
Solyman
himself
was
speedily
expected
;
that
the
Souldiers
grew
out
of
heart
,
and
mutined
against
their
Commanders
,
being
weary
of
a
war
,
to
which
they
cry'd
they
were
lead
as
to
a
Slaughter
House
,
with
many
other
things
not
believ'd
at
first
,
as
being
thought
to
have
bin
spoken
out
of
flattery
,
or
to
procure
good
entertainment
to
themselves
,
but
which
were
indeed
really
true
.
For
Peri
Basha
observing
a
manifest
and
dangerous
Mutiny
in
the
Army
,
dispatch'd
away
a
Courrier
to
Solyman
to
give
him
Intelligence
,
and
to
supplicate
him
to
come
in
person
forthwith
,
that
he
might
put
a
stop
to
the
sedition
by
his
presence
and
Authority
.
Solyman
flies
through
Asia
the
less
with
an
incredible
speed
,
and
embarking
at
Port
Fisco
,
arriv'd
in
Rhodes
the
28th
.
of
July
,
where
he
was
receiv'd
with
great
triumph
,
and
lodg'd
himself
four
or
five
miles
from
the
City
at
a
place
call'd
Megalandra
,
out
of
the
reach
of
the
Canon
.
Solyman
held
a
council
,
and
resolv'd
upon
a
strict
enquiry
whence
the
Mutiny
proceeded
,
and
a
severe
punishment
of
the
Authors
.
But
Peri
Basha
by
his
grave
remonstrances
soon
softned
and
appeas'd
his
wrath
.
He
laid
before
him
that
this
mutiny
rather
proceeded
from
fear
&
an
apprehension
of
danger
then
from
Malice
or
Rebellion
,
and
that
therefore
his
Majesty
might
by
his
authority
reduce
them
to
their
duty
,
knowing
that
the
Turks
had
the
Ottoman
name
in
so
much
Veneration
,
that
upon
his
appearance
they
would
soon
recollect
themselves
,
and
return
to
their
Obedience
;
but
that
Rigour
was
now
unseasonable
,
especially
against
the
old
Souldiers
,
without
whose
assistance
he
could
never
compass
so
great
a
design
as
the
taking
of
Rhodes
.
Solyman
hearken'd
to
his
advice
,
assembled
all
the
Army
together
,
made
them
lay
down
their
Armes
,
and
prostrate
themselves
upon
the
Ground
:
then
sitting
on
a
Royal
Throne
,
under
a
Rich
Canopy
,
turning
his
face
this
way
and
that
way
with
a
Majestick
and
stern
Countenance
,
He
first
accus'd
their
Infidelity
;
hightn'd
the
injuries
done
by
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
to
his
Subjects
,
advanc'd
his
own
power
,
his
Triumphs
and
his
Victories
;
upbraided
the
Old
Souldiers
of
Ingratitude
,
as
having
enrich'd
themselves
by
his
fortune
in
war
;
of
Cowardice
,
to
let
such
a
handful
of
men
make
head
against
such
a
Potent
and
flourishing
Army
.
Lastly
,
said
he
,
am
not
I
here
the
Companion
of
your
dangers
?
Nor
will
I
part
from
hence
till
I
have
them
in
my
power
.
I
swear
it
by
the
holy
head
of
divine
Mahomet
;
and
if
I
fail
,
may
my
Kingdomes
and
my
house
be
ruin
d
,
and
my
own
person
perish
eternally
.
Go
then
,
and
think
of
nothing
else
but
what
you
are
commanded
.
Nor
let
any
man
distrust
my
clemency
,
nor
my
word
,
but
build
upon
my
Liberality
.
For
I
am
here
the
spectator
and
judge
of
your
Valour
&
your
Merits
.
Solyman
had
no
sooner
ended
his
Harangue
,
but
he
withdrew
into
his
Pavilion
,
and
commanded
that
the
Souldiers
should
be
all
sworn
anew
to
their
Captaines
.
And
from
that
time
it
was
,
that
the
Souldiers
recover'd
their
courage
,
became
more
obedient
and
deliberate
,
and
proceeded
in
all
things
with
more
order
and
conduct
.
Now
they
continu'd
their
batteries
more
terribly
then
before
.
They
also
play'd
in
three
several
places
with
two
great
brass-Cannons
like
Morter-Peices
,
that
carry'd
marble-bullets
of
a
prodigious
weight
,
and
yet
all
the
harm
then
to
kill
25
men
,
and
the
Chevalier
Lyoncel
that
commanded
the
Bastion
of
Cosquin
.
This
battery
they
left
off
by
the
advice
of
the
Jewish
Physitian
,
who
gave
them
notice
how
little
good
it
had
done
.
After
the
Turks
made
it
their
business
to
advance
their
trenches
,
and
to
fill
up
the
moats
with
Earth
;
and
though
the
Artillery
of
the
Christians
continually
fir'd
upon
them
,
nevertheless
they
gave
not
over
their
work
till
they
had
finish'd
a
great
battery
between
the
Spanish
and
Auvergnian
Post
,
and
another
against
that
of
Italy
,
and
there
they
lodg'd
their
Cannon
that
play'd
upon
the
besieg'd
so
furiously
that
they
durst
not
peep
above
the
battlements
,
till
they
had
made
themselves
new
defences
of
wood
and
plankes
,
upon
which
the
Besiegers
having
advanc'd
their
trenches
to
the
side
of
the
Moat
,
made
certain
gaps
in
the
wall
on
their
side
,
through
which
they
much
annoy'd
the
defendants
with
their
Musket-shot
,
and
kill'd
some
few
of
them
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Captains
lodg'd
themselves
in
their
Trenches
:
Mustapha
the
General
against
the
Bul-wark
of
England
,
Peri
against
the
Italian
Post
,
Achmat
against
that
of
Spain
,
and
Auvergne
,
with
the
Aga
of
the
Janisaries
;
the
Beglerbey
of
Natolia
against
that
of
France
;
the
Beglerbey
of
Romania
against
the
Gardens
of
St.
Antony
,
who
began
a
battery
at
the
beginning
of
August
,
against
the
German
Post
,
which
was
weak
,
and
without
any
platform
.
Nevertheless
the
Grand
Master
caus'd
it
to
be
fortify'd
within
with
intrenchments
of
Earth
,
great
pieces
of
Timber-planks
,
and
Bavines
,
and
play'd
his
Artillery
so
thick
from
several
places
and
Posts
on
that
side
,
so
that
he
dismounted
the
Artillery
,
and
overthrew
the
batteries
of
the
Turks
till
they
were
aweary
of
repairing
them
,
and
so
remov'd
them
.
By
this
time
it
was
that
the
Rhodians
began
to
find
the
want
of
their
powder
,
and
though
the
Grand
Master
continually
employ'd
fourteen
of
his
own
horses
to
bray
saltpeter
,
and
other
materials
proper
to
make
powder
,
in
a
sure
and
well-guarded
place
,
yet
the
besieged
were
forc'd
to
be
very
sparing
of
their
powder
,
which
gave
great
advantage
to
the
enemy
.
The
Turks
seeing
no
good
to
be
done
on
that
side
,
play'd
upon
the
steeple
of
St.
Johns
Church
,
and
beat
it
down
,
upon
advice
giv'n
them
by
the
Jewish
Physitian
,
that
from
thence
the
Christians
discover'd
what
was
done
in
the
Camp
.
The
ruin
of
this
steeple
being
a
lovely
structure
was
much
lamented
by
the
Inhabitants
.
This
done
,
the
Besiegers
under
the
command
of
the
Beglerbey
of
Natolia
remov'd
their
batteries
against
the
Tower
of
St.
Nicholas
,
which
they
furiously
play'd
upon
for
the
space
of
ten
days
with
twelve
great
pieces
of
Canon
;
but
the
Artillery
from
the
Tower
broke
and
ruin'd
all
their
batteries
,
so
that
the
Beglerbey
was
constrain'd
to
change
the
form
of
his
batteries
,
to
remove
his
mantlets
;
(
which
are
made
of
Earth
close
ramm'd
,
and
clos'd
with
boards
fasten'd
together
with
great
spars
of
timber
)
to
dismount
his
Guns
,
and
plant
them
in
the
night
upon
great
plat
forms
without
gabions
or
Mantlet
,
with
which
playing
securely
all
the
night
,
when
day
appear'd
they
cover'd
them
again
with
Earth
and
grave
.
Thus
they
made
above
500
shot
which
onely
beat
down
a
pane
of
the
wall
on
the
west-side
,
through
which
appear'd
another
good
wall
,
and
so
many
stout
defendants
,
that
these
difficulties
being
related
to
Solyman
,
he
caus'd
the
said
Battery
to
be
remov'd
,
whereby
the
Chevalier
Castellaine
Captain
of
St.
Nicholas
Tower
acquir'd
great
honour
.
At
the
same
time
the
Turks
rais'd
14
Mantelets
against
the
Posts
of
England
and
Spain
,
upon
which
they
planted
Guns
of
a
prodigious
bigness
,
and
play'd
upon
them
for
a
month
together
,
so
that
they
ruin'd
the
new
wall
of
the
English
Platform
,
while
the
old
wall
stood
entire
;
beside
that
they
brought
through
their
trenches
unto
the
Moat
three
huge
peices
of
Canon
,
with
which
they
levell'd
the
defences
of
the
Bastion
of
Spain
,
and
beat
down
the
wall
,
by
the
ruins
whereof
the
Turks
might
easily
mount
the
Bastion
.
The
same
Battery
they
rais'd
against
the
Bastion
of
Provence
with
three
peices
of
Canon
planted
upon
the
side
of
the
Moat
,
and
in
a
small
time
threw
down
more
then
the
besiegers
in
a
long
time
were
able
to
repair
.
Then
the
Grand
Master
leaving
St.
Maries
of
the
Victory
came
to
St.
Athanasius
Gate
,
and
lodg'd
himself
under
the
English
wall
,
and
there
he
constituted
four
Captains
,
allotting
to
each
ten
Knights
,
besides
the
Ordinary
Guard
to
succour
and
preserve
the
English
wall
.
Besides
all
this
,
the
Turks
continually
play'd
with
their
Sacres
and
Falcons
,
and
other
small
Artillery
;
and
the
besieged
did
the
like
,
which
stood
them
in
no
small
stead
to
ruin
their
Mantlets
,
and
dismount
their
peices
.
Among
the
rest
,
a
Culverin
shot
pierced
through
a
Mantlet
upon
one
piece
,
kill'd
five
men
,
and
carry'd
away
both
legs
of
the
Turkish
Canoneer
,
of
which
he
dy'd
.
Solyman
was
much
troubl'd
for
his
loss
,
insomuch
that
he
said
he
had
rather
have
lost
one
of
his
Basha's
.
Nor
was
the
Italian
Post
more
mercifully
handl'd
,
which
was
continually
batter'd
by
seventeen
pieces
of
Canon
,
so
that
it
had
bin
an
easy
thing
to
have
mounted
the
wall
by
the
ruins
that
fell
into
the
Moat
.
Yet
though
this
long
battery
had
made
a
great
breach
in
the
Italian
Post
,
yet
would
not
the
besiegers
venture
an
assault
,
but
onely
continu'd
to
make
their
approaches
and
to
ruin
the
entrenchments
,
and
defences
of
the
besieged
.
Which
the
Chevalier
Martinengo
seeing
,
with
the
Grand
Masters
permission
,
made
a
sally
with
about
an
hundred
choice
men
,
and
falling
upon
the
Enemy
unawares
,
kill'd
&
put
to
flight
whatever
stood
in
their
way
,
and
so
with
one
prisoner
and
the
head
of
another
,
return'd
with
great
applause
.
The
Turks
that
came
in
heaps
to
the
relief
of
their
own
,
were
miserably
torn
to
pieces
by
the
Artillery
of
the
Town
,
having
no
shelter
,
and
lost
a
greater
number
in
their
retreat
then
Martinengo
flew
.
This
being
the
condition
of
the
City
,
the
Grand
Master
,
who
knew
it
would
not
be
long
ere
they
gave
a
General
Assault
,
dispatch'd
away
Bosio
to
the
Pope
,
and
his
Secretary
into
Provence
and
to
the
King
of
France
,
beseeching
them
to
hasten
the
succours
which
he
expected
from
them
.
Being
also
desirous
to
know
what
news
was
in
the
Turkish
Camp
,
one
Carpathio
a
Rhodian
undertook
to
satisfy
him
,
and
getting
out
of
the
Post
in
a
Brigantine
with
a
crew
of
good
Souldiers
clad
after
the
Turkish
manner
,
he
coasted
along
the
shoar
as
far
as
the
Foss
,
where
he
saw
several
Souldiers
that
were
taking
the
fresh
Air
by
the
Sea-side
,
who
immediately
discover'd
him
.
The
Rhodiot
put
on
a
bold
face
,
and
in
the
Turkish
Language
call'd
to
them
aloud
,
and
told
them
,
the
Basha
had
sent
for
them
,
which
they
easily
believ'd
,
and
went
aboard
the
Brigantine
.
One
of
the
Turks
finding
he
was
in
the
wrong
,
drew
his
Sword
and
wounded
the
Rhodiot
in
the
thigh
,
for
which
the
Rhodian
repay'd
him
by
cutting
off
his
head
;
the
rest
being
elev'n
,
were
easily
master'd
,
and
brought
to
the
Grand
Master
.
Now
Martinengo
seeing
the
great
ruins
which
the
Enemies
Artillery
had
made
,
rais'd
barricadoes
,
and
wrought
entrenchments
upon
the
walls
,
where
he
planted
a
good
number
of
Guns
,
which
playing
into
the
Enemies
Trenches
,
kill'd
a
great
Number
of
the
Turks
;
he
also
lodg'd
several
Souldiers
under
the
shelter
of
the
houses
,
who
shot
incessantly
,
and
made
a
great
slaughter
.
The
Batteries
of
the
Turks
not
succeeding
to
their
wishes
,
they
fell
to
mining
;
and
had
in
several
parts
of
the
City
made
above
forty
,
so
that
of
six
parts
of
the
City
,
five
in
a
few
days
were
undermin'd
.
But
the
most
part
of
those
Mines
prov'd
ineffectual
,
because
of
the
Counter-mnies
which
were
continually
made
round
about
.
There
was
one
that
was
perceiv'd
in
the
midst
of
the
Trench
of
Provence
.
But
Martinengo
immediately
enter'd
the
Trench
,
open'd
the
Mine
,
and
casting
in
barrels
of
Powder
and
other
combustible
stuff
,
burnt
and
stifled
all
the
Turks
within
.
Another
Mine
the
Turks
made
under
the
Bulwark
of
England
which
play'd
the
fourth
of
September
,
and
blew
up
above
seven
times
nine
foot
of
the
wall
,
and
fill'd
the
Moat
so
full
of
rubbish
,
that
the
Turks
,
that
they
might
easily
mount
the
wall
,
and
come
on
furiously
to
the
Assault
with
their
accustom'd
cries
,
gain'd
the
top
of
the
Bastion
immediately
,
and
set
up
seven
of
their
Colours
,
and
had
made
themselves
masters
of
it
,
but
for
an
Intrenchment
which
Martinengo
had
made
the
day
before
,
which
stood
entire
about
four
foot
from
the
Ruins
of
the
wall
.
That
Intrenchment
stopt
the
Enemy
;
and
thither
the
Knights
ran
and
came
to
a
close
fight
with
Pike
and
Sword
;
while
others
did
great
mischief
to
the
Enemy
with
hand-Granadoes
and
other
Artificial
fires
;
and
there
it
was
that
Martinengo
and
the
Chevelier
de
Bidoux
did
wonders
,
becoming
men
of
Extraordinary
valour
and
courage
.
Here
they
came
to
Sword
and
Dagger
,
and
even
to
coller
one
another
;
the
Turks
perceiving
that
if
they
could
but
get
the
victory
here
,
they
might
easily
get
into
the
City
.
And
indeed
that
small
handful
of
Christians
that
sustain'd
the
weight
of
such
a
multitude
,
could
not
have
bin
able
to
have
held
out
,
had
not
the
Grand
Master
,
upon
the
noise
of
the
blowing
up
of
the
Mine
hasted
to
their
Relief
,
and
with
the
Knights
of
the
reserve
,
and
the
Souldiers
of
his
guard
,
rush'd
into
the
midst
of
his
Enemies
,
and
charg'd
them
so
furiously
,
that
in
a
small
time
a
good
part
of
them
were
cut
to
pieces
,
and
the
rest
so
smartly
repuls'd
,
that
they
quitted
the
fight
,
and
fled
in
confusion
,
and
disorder'd
and
astonish'd
those
that
were
coming
to
their
assistance
,
so
that
neither
the
threats
,
nor
Exhortations
of
the
Captains
could
stop
them
.
Which
the
General
Mustapha
seeing
,
flew
out
of
the
Trenches
in
great
indignation
,
crying
to
the
fugitives
aloud
,
that
if
they
would
not
return
to
the
Assault
,
he
would
go
on
without
them
,
and
having
so
said
,
boldly
march'd
toward
the
breach
.
His
countenance
and
Language
inspir'd
the
fugitives
with
new
vigour
,
so
that
they
rally'd
and
return'd
with
their
Basha
more
resolutely
then
before
to
the
Assault
,
and
maintain'd
the
fight
for
above
two
hours
.
At
length
the
Christians
redoubling
their
courage
,
and
animated
by
the
presence
and
Example
of
the
Grand
Master
,
fell
upon
the
Turks
with
that
fury
,
that
being
no
longer
able
to
resist
,
they
turn'd
their
backs
;
besides
the
Rhodian
Canoneers
had
planted
certain
pieces
against
the
bottom
of
the
breach
which
play'd
upon
the
Turks
retiring
,
so
successfully
,
that
they
kill'd
more
then
were
slain
in
the
Assault
.
Two
thousand
of
the
Turks
were
slain
that
day
:
of
the
Rhodians
twelve
or
fifteen
slain
out-right
;
and
fifteen
or
twenty
wounded
.
In
the
midst
of
these
encounters
the
Chevalier
Didier
de
Puy
Governour
of
Ferracta
gave
notice
to
the
Grand
Master
,
that
he
had
taken
certain
Turks
,
who
confess'd
that
there
were
in
Rhodes
certain
Persons
of
Quality
who
sent
the
Enemy
Intelligence
of
what
was
deliberated
&
concluded
in
Council
,
and
of
all
that
was
done
in
the
City
,
and
that
the
Turks
were
digging
a
large
Mine
nere
St.
John's
de
Collaccio
.
This
was
no
small
trouble
to
the
Grand
Master
,
so
much
the
more
because
he
was
forc'd
to
conceal
his
resentments
,
by
reason
that
no
persons
were
nam'd
.
However
he
promis'd
a
large
reward
to
those
that
could
discover
the
Mine
.
But
it
was
not
long
before
it
discover'd
it self
under
the
Bastion
of
England
,
by
seven
a
clock
in
the
morning
upon
the
ninth
of
September
,
overthrowing
about
nine
yards
of
the
wall
next
to
the
Mine
before-mention'd
,
and
came
to
the
very
barricado's
before
they
met
with
any
resistance
.
But
when
the
Dread
and
terrour
was
once
over
,
the
Knights
resuming
their
wented
courage
,
put
the
Turks
to
a
shameful
retreat
,
till
forc'd
by
the
swords
and
scimitars
of
their
Commanders
,
even
of
their
General
himself
,
they
return'd
again
with
more
vigour
,
and
renew'd
a
bloody
fight
;
but
the
Grand
Master
coming
to
the
relief
of
his
own
with
his
reserve
,
sought
them
with
so
much
fury
for
three
hours
,
that
the
Turks
no
longer
able
to
abide
so
powerful
a
defence
,
quitted
the
fight
,
and
retir'd
into
their
Trenches
,
leaving
one
of
their
Ensignes
behind
them
.
This
Assault
cost
the
Great
Turk
three
thousand
of
his
men
,
and
three
Sangiacs
;
of
the
Christians
about
30
were
slain
and
some
of
the
Knights
wounded
.
The
Turkes
repuls'd
with
so
much
loss
in
two
assaults
,
began
again
to
murmur
and
discommend
the
enterprize
as
rash
and
impossible
.
Which
Solyman
perceiving
,
began
to
despair
,
and
to
be
offended
against
Mustapha
.
The
mean
time
Peri
Basha
to
preserve
himself
in
the
good
Opinion
and
favours
of
the
Grand
Signiour
,
press'd
him
continually
to
make
a
furious
battery
of
17
Canons
against
the
Italian
Post
:
But
the
besieged
still
repair'd
with
so
much
speed
and
diligence
whatever
the
Enemies
Artillery
ruin'd
,
and
play'd
their
great
and
small
shot
with
so
much
success
,
that
the
Turks
durst
hardly
peep
out
of
their
Trenches
.
The
Beglerbeg
of
Natolia
did
the
same
against
the
Post
of
Provence
,
and
fell
to
mining
very
industriously
,
being
advis'd
thereto
by
a
treacherous
Greek
,
who
under
pretence
of
trade
had
well
observ'd
the
strength
of
the
City
.
But
the
most
remarkable
accident
was
the
killing
of
the
Governour
of
Negropont
,
and
Solyman's
Favorite
,
who
riding
by
the
Italian
Post
richly
clad
with
a
red
Battoon
in
his
hand
,
was
hit
by
a
musket-bullet
,
from
the
Italian
Post
,
and
fell
down
dead
immediately
;
to
the
great
grief
of
Solyman
.
Peri
enrag'd
against
the
Italians
,
resolv'd
to
make
a
most
terrible
assault
upon
their
Platform
;
which
he
did
so
unexpectedly
and
with
so
much
speed
,
that
the
sentinels
that
stood
without
the
Entrenchment
were
kill'd
before
they
could
be
succour'd
.
But
the
Italians
taking
the
Alarum
,
and
being
well
seconded
by
the
Grand
Master
and
his
usual
guard
,
in
an
hours
time
the
Bastion
was
well
soak'd
with
the
Blood
of
the
Turks
.
Peri
,
finding
such
a
stout
resistance
here
,
and
believing
that
other
places
were
left
naked
,
gave
immediate
order
for
other
forces
to
assail
the
New
Bastion
of
the
Grand
Master
Carretta
;
but
there
the
Chevalier
Angelot
Captain
of
the
Bastion
so
behav'd
himself
,
having
a
good
number
of
Souldiers
and
Citizens
with
him
,
that
the
most
part
of
the
Turks
were
either
kill'd
or
wounded
,
and
the
Flanking
Artillery
of
other
Bastions
made
such
havock
among
the
thick
multitudes
of
the
Turks
,
that
at
length
,
quite
dismay'd
,
they
began
to
retire
.
Peri
thereupon
seeing
the
Souldiers
would
no
longer
abide
the
heat
of
such
a
terrible
encounter
,
sounded
a
general
Retreat
,
though
with
the
loss
of
more
men
then
in
the
former
combats
.
Not
long
after
Mustapha
,
covetous
to
repair
his
honour
,
and
to
regain
the
favour
of
the
Grand
Signiour
,
resolv'd
to
give
a
third
assault
to
the
Bastion
of
England
.
He
imparted
his
resolution
to
the
Achmat
,
who
agreed
with
him
at
the
same
time
to
assail
the
Bastions
of
Spain
and
Auvergne
.
Upon
the
3d.
of
September
Mustapha
unexpectedly
fell
upon
the
Bastion
,
mounted
the
Ruins
,
and
fix'd
their
Ensigns
neer
the
Rhodian
Entrenchments
,
and
at
the
same
time
endeavour'd
to
make
their
way
forward
.
The
fight
was
terrible
and
doubtful
:
neither
was
Mustapha
wanting
in
any
part
of
a
judicious
and
couragious
Captain
.
Achmat
also
at
the
same
time
play'd
two
Mines
,
one
in
the
Auvergnian
,
the
other
in
the
Spanish
Post
.
The
Auvergnian
Mine
prov'd
in
effectual
;
the
Spanish
Mine
brought
down
a
considerable
part
of
the
wall
of
the
Barbacan
of
the
said
Bastion
.
And
yet
for
these
dreadful
Ruins
,
the
Christians
so
well
behav'd
themselves
in
every
place
,
that
the
Turks
,
having
lost
above
3000
men
,
were
forc'd
to
retreat
with
shame
to
their
Trenches
.
Two
dayes
after
the
Jewish
Physitian
(
often
spok'n
of
before
)
was
discover'd
shooting
an
Arrow
into
the
Turkish
Camp
,
with
a
Letter
fasten'd
to
the
end
of
it
.
Thereupon
he
was
apprehended
;
and
upon
his
examination
confess'd
that
he
was
a
Spy
for
the
Turks
;
that
he
had
sent
them
five
Letters
;
that
he
had
given
them
several
advices
;
and
had
encourag'd
them
to
continue
the
Siege
:
For
which
He
was
condemn'd
to
be
quarter'd
.
After
these
Repulses
,
and
the
giving
fire
to
three
other
Mines
soon
after
,
that
did
little
or
no
harm
,
the
Basha's
consulted
together
,
and
resolv'd
to
give
a
general
assault
upon
fore
several
places
of
the
City
all
at
a
time
.
Solyman
approv'd
their
Resolution
,
assembl'd
his
Captains
together
,
encourag'd
and
chear'd
them
up
;
and
assur'd
them
of
Victory
;
and
by
publick
Proclamation
gave
the
common
Souldiers
the
whole
Plunder
of
the
City
.
Thus
the
whole
Army
resum'd
their
wonted
courage
,
and
full
of
Hopes
prepar'd
themselves
for
a
general
Assault
.
As
a
preparation
to
which
the
Basha's
order
the
English
Bulwark
,
the
Posts
of
Spain
and
Auvergne
,
and
the
Italian
Platform
to
be
batter'd
for
two
dayes
together
,
on
purpose
to
widen
and
enlarge
the
Breaches
.
The
Grand
Master
observing
this
universal
motion
of
the
Enemy
,
and
their
continual
Batteries
for
2
days
together
,
with
an
extraordinary
diligence
,
prepar'd
for
his
defence
.
Day
and
night
he
visited
all
the
Posts
,
earnestly
besought
every
one
to
be
watchful
and
ready
;
and
having
taken
a
little
repose
in
his
armes
,
by
break
of
day
he
rang'd
the
Souldiers
in
their
several
Posts
;
and
that
there
might
remain
no
fear
or
astonishment
among
them
,
he
made
them
a
short
speech
,
Declaring
to
them
the
glorious
opportunity
which
offer'd
it self
for
them
to
signalize
their
Zeal
for
the
honour
of
God
,
&
their
fidelity
to
their
Order
and
the
welfare
of
Christendom
;
and
their
affection
to
a
people
that
had
liv'd
under
their
Dominion
for
above
200
years
.
He
gave
them
to
understand
how
often
they
had
prov'd
their
own
valour
and
the
timidity
of
the
Enemy
.
That
though
their
number
were
great
,
yet
that
there
was
yet
a
sufficient
number
left
of
brave
and
valiant
men
to
defend
a
just
cause
,
and
repel
the
force
of
Ambition
and
perfidious
impiety
.
That
they
were
to
consider
their
Enemies
were
a
sort
of
ignorant
people
,
forc'd
on
by
their
Basha's
,
for
fear
of
encurring
the
displeasure
of
their
Master
,
to
whom
they
had
represented
the
enterprize
so
easy
:
that
they
themselves
were
persons
of
honour
,
dedicated
from
their
Infancy
to
the
service
of
God
.
And
therefore
he
besought
and
conjur'd
them
to
do
their
duties
.
The
Turks
by
break
of
day
discharg'd
all
their
Artilleriy
at
once
,
that
they
might
pass
the
Moat
under
the
covert
of
the
smoak
;
and
that
don
,
they
boldly
fell
on
in
all
places
at
once
.
The
Grand
Master
posted
himself
in
the
English
Bulwark
,
as
being
the
weakest
place
,
Nor
was
the
Spanish
Artillery
a
little
favourable
to
the
English
,
flanking
the
Turks
,
and
making
a
great
slaughter
among
them
insomuch
that
they
were
almost
ready
to
recoyle
;
when
Mustapha's
Lieutenant
throwing
himself
among
them
,
pray'd
,
entreated
,
threaten'd
,
promis'd
and
heading
them
himself
,
brought
them
on
again
;
though
to
his
cost
,
being
the
first
man
slain
with
a
Canon
Bullet
as
he
was
mounting
the
Ruins
.
The
Turks
enrag'd
by
his
fall
,
discharg'd
their
small
shot
and
arrows
like
hail
upon
the
Rhodians
.
And
Mustapha
observing
their
Metall
,
sent
them
continually
fresh
supplies
,
and
with
fair
words
and
promises
exhorted
them
to
their
Duties
.
Yet
could
they
not
force
the
besieg'd
to
stir
a
foot
,
who
in
the
view
of
the
Grand
Master
with
an
invincible
courage
sustain'd
all
that
Impetuosity
,
and
at
the
same
time
fought
with
equal
valour
and
obstinacy
in
all
the
other
Quarters
.
The
very
women
were
not
unserviceable
;
while
some
carry'd
Bread
,
Wine
and
other
refreshments
to
the
Souldiers
,
others
threw
stones
;
others
pour'd
down
boyling
Oyle
and
water
upon
the
Enemy
.
But
the
greatest
danger
of
the
Combat
was
in
the
Spanish
Post
,
where
the
Aga
General
of
the
Janissaries
,
having
pick'd
out
the
choicest
of
his
men
,
march'd
himself
to
the
Assault
at
the
head
of
them
,
who
follow'd
him
with
such
a
Resoluton
,
that
they
cover'd
all
the
Breach
,
gain'd
the
platform
above
,
and
planted
forty
of
their
Ensigns
upon
it
,
with
the
same
violence
rushing
on
to
the
Barricado's
,
not
minding
the
prodigious
slaughter
of
their
own
that
fell
on
every
side
.
Thereupon
the
Knights
and
Souldiers
in
the
Spanish
Bulwark
,
seeing
the
distress
of
those
in
the
Post
,
ran
to
the
assistance
of
their
friends
,
leaving
only
some
few
for
a
guard
behind
.
Which
certain
of
the
Turks
that
lay
conceal'd
behind
the
rubbish
perceiving
,
presently
mounted
the
Bulwark
,
and
made
themselves
Masters
of
it
;
pull'd
down
the
Ensigns
of
the
Christians
,
and
setting
up
their
own
,
cry'd
out
in
their
own
Language
,
Victory
,
and
invited
their
Companions
to
assist
them
.
Upon
which
Achmats
Regiment
advanc'd
;
but
the
Auvergnian
&
Spanish
Artillery
soon
stopp'd
their
Career
,
So
that
the
Grand
Master
being
advertiz'd
of
this
new
accident
,
left
the
English
,
and
entring
the
Spanish
Post
,
charg'd
the
Enemy
so
vigorously
,
that
he
put
them
absolutely
to
flight
.
Then
seeing
the
Spanish
Bastion
master'd
by
the
Turks
,
he
sent
the
Commander
of
Bourbon
with
a
Company
of
stout
Souldiers
with
order
to
enter
the
Mine
and
Casemat
,
and
to
mount
the
Bastion
.
Which
he
did
so
effectually
,
that
in
a
short
time
he
wholly
regain'd
it
.
Notwithstanding
all
this
,
the
Aga
with
fresh
forces
return'd
to
the
assault
of
the
Spanish
Post
;
and
the
Grand
Master
having
left
a
sufficient
Guard
in
the
Bastion
,
return'd
to
the
defence
of
the
same
,
and
sending
for
two
hundred
fresh
men
from
St.
Nicholas
Tower
,
after
a
bloody
fight
of
six
hours
,
forc'd
the
Turks
to
abandon
their
Colours
,
and
to
retreat
to
their
trenches
,
after
the
loss
of
above
15000
men
.
Solyman
was
so
highly
incens'd
against
Mustapha
upon
this
defeat
,
that
he
condemn'd
him
to
be
shot
to
death
with
arrows
.
Peri
Basha
,
upon
the
presumption
of
his
Age
,
his
merits
,
and
his
Authority
,
coming
to
intercede
for
Mustapha
,
was
sentenc'd
to
the
same
death
.
And
both
had
suffer'd
had
not
Achmat
Basha
and
all
the
rest
of
the
Principal
Commanders
,
prostrate
at
Solymans
feet
,
implor'd
their
pardon
.
Solyman
seeing
all
his
attempts
upon
the
City
of
Rhodes
so
vain
and
fruitless
,
fell
into
such
a
deep
melancholy
,
that
he
shut
himself
up
in
his
Pavilion
for
several
dayes
,
and
would
not
be
seen
,
resolving
to
raise
the
siege
and
to
be
gone
.
The
great
Commanders
whose
hopes
lay
all
in
the
Mines
,
finding
their
expectations
frustrate
,
resolv'd
to
raise
the
Camp
.
Nay
several
had
carry'd
their
baggage
to
the
Sea
side
,
and
several
Companies
had
quitted
the
Trenches
.
When
an
Albanese
Souldier
slipping
out
of
the
Town
,
gave
intelligence
to
the
Turks
,
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
Knights
and
Souldiers
were
either
kill'd
or
wounded
in
the
last
General
Assault
.
Other
Traytours
wrought
the
same
,
adviz'd
them
to
stay
,
assuring
them
that
the
City
could
not
hold
out
two
Assaults
more
.
And
it
was
afterwards
known
that
the
Chevalier
D'Amaral
wrought
to
the
same
purpose
,
and
encourag'd
the
continuance
of
the
siege
.
Upon
this
Intelligence
the
Captains
chang'd
their
Resolutions
,
divulg'd
the
news
through
the
Army
,
and
began
to
batter
the
City
more
furiously
then
before
.
Solyman
also
to
let
the
Souldiers
understand
his
Resolution
,
and
to
encourage
them
,
began
to
build
him
a
pleasure-house
upon
Palermos
Hill
.
Mustapha
also
,
though
he
had
orders
to
repair
to
his
Government
,
ventur'd
to
give
three
Assaults
successively
upon
the
English
Bastion
with
the
Mamalucks
,
who
were
so
ill
entertain'd
,
the
greatest
part
of
them
being
kill'd
or
wounded
,
that
the
rest
retir'd
to
their
Quarters
,
resolving
to
return
no
more
.
Peri
secretly
undermind
the
Italian
Bastion
,
&
the
Mine
indeed
made
a
terrible
noise
and
shaking
,
but
took
vent
on
the
Camp
side
,
and
kill'd
a
great
many
of
the
Turks
.
Mustapha
having
such
ill
success
,
thought
it
not
convenient
to
stay
any
longer
,
so
that
upon
his
departure
Achmat
was
made
General
.
He
continu'd
the
siege
with
the
same
violence
,
so
that
there
was
not
a
day
pass'd
wherein
he
did
not
both
batter
,
Assault
and
undermine
the
defences
of
the
City
.
However
the
Grand
Master
remitted
nothing
of
his
wonted
care
and
diligence
,
fighting
and
hazarding
his
person
every
where
,
where
need
requir'd
,
beyond
what
was
reasonable
for
a
person
of
his
degree
and
Importance
.
And
now
when
it
was
almost
too
late
,
those
conspiracies
and
treasons
were
discover'd
,
which
were
the
loss
of
the
Island
.
For
in
the
first
place
Lucio
Custrophilaca
,
a
Rhodian
,
and
a
person
of
great
wealth
,
reputation
and
alliances
,
who
had
the
charge
of
the
fortifications
,
the
bread
and
ammunition
was
perceiv'd
,
at
a
time
and
in
a
place
very
much
to
be
suspected
,
to
have
shot
an
arrow
into
the
Turkish
Camp
,
who
was
thereupon
lay
hold
on
,
examin'd
,
and
put
upon
the
wrack
,
but
would
confess
nothing
to
the
purpose
.
Next
to
him
Blas
Diez
Servant
to
the
Chancellour
D'Amaral
,
was
taken
in
the
same
fact
,
and
being
put
to
the
Torture
,
confess'd
his
Masters
Treason
,
declaring
how
he
had
wrote
to
the
Turks
Basha's
to
contiuue
the
Siege
,
for
that
both
men
and
provisions
fail'd
in
the
City
.
Thereupon
the
Grand
Master
caus'd
the
Chancellour
to
be
apprehended
,
who
being
examin'd
and
tortur'd
,
would
confess
nothing
himself
;
but
being
,
convicted
by
sufficient
testimonies
,
confirm'd
to
his
face
by
his
Servant
,
his
Servant
was
hang'd
,
and
he
beheaded
,
dying
without
any
sign
of
repentance
or
Christian
devotion
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Canons
of
the
Enemy
thunder'd
against
the
Bastion
of
Italy
,
where
they
ruin'd
all
the
defences
and
Barricado's
that
Martinengo
had
rais'd
;
by
which
means
they
advanc'd
their
Trenches
to
the
very
foot
of
the
Breach
.
The
Bastion
of
England
was
also
beaten
down
to
the
Ground
,
and
the
most
part
of
the
Barricado's
and
entrenchments
ruin'd
,
so
that
some
advis'd
the
quitting
and
blowing
it
up
.
But
because
that
signifi'd
little
in
regard
of
the
vast
numbers
of
the
Turks
,
the
Grand
Master
resolv'd
to
hold
it
out
to
the
utmost
,
and
to
that
end
gave
the
command
of
it
to
the
Chevalier
John
de
Bin
,
who
kept
it
to
the
last
.
At
this
time
arriv'd
the
Chevalier
de
Rocque
Martin
with
twelve
Knights
,
a
hundred
Souldiers
and
some
Ammunition
.
But
notwithstanding
this
small
relief
,
the
Grand
Master
observing
the
desperate
condition
of
the
City
(
for
now
in
some
places
there
were
no
other
defences
but
beames
and
boards
between
the
Enemy
and
him
,
beside
that
they
had
set
up
three
Pravilions
within
the
City
neer
the
Rhodian
entrenchments
)
sent
away
to
Candy
for
Souldiers
,
Ammunition
and
victuals
,
which
the
Duke
of
Candy
had
provided
,
as
also
to
Naples
to
hasten
the
succours
,
which
the
winter
season
hinder'd
from
coming
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Turks
gave
too
desperate
Assaults
upon
the
Italian
and
Spanish
platforms
,
but
were
still
repuls'd
with
the
loss
of
above
3000
men
.
Insomuch
that
Achmat
finding
it
impossible
to
take
the
City
by
force
,
resolv'd
to
give
no
more
Assaults
,
but
rather
chose
to
preserve
his
men
,
who
were
grown
quite
weary
of
the
Christian
valour
;
nevertheless
he
continu'd
his
batteries
,
and
advanc'd
▪
his
Trenches
,
thinking
to
creep
by
degrees
into
the
City
.
Solyman
also
thinking
to
make
short
work
caus'd
several
Letters
to
be
shot
into
the
City
,
inviting
the
Inhabitants
to
surrender
,
offering
them
all
the
Immunities
they
could
desire
;
and
threatning
on
the
other
side
in
case
of
obstinacy
,
all
the
severity
imaginable
.
Peri
also
suborn'd
a
Genoese
,
who
having
liberty
to
speak
to
the
Knights
,
adviz'd
them
as
Christians
to
consider
the
deplorable
condition
of
the
City
,
and
told
them
withal
,
that
if
they
were
so
dispos'd
,
he
could
put
them
in
a
way
to
make
an
honourable
composition
;
but
they
believing
him
to
be
some
impostor
,
sent
under
hand
by
Solyman
or
his
Basha's
,
gave
little
credit
to
his
words
.
Two
dayes
after
he
came
to
the
same
place
,
pretending
he
had
a
Letter
from
the
Grand
Signiour
,
but
then
they
bid
him
retire
,
and
to
force
him
the
sooner
so
to
do
,
they
shot
at
him
.
Some
while
after
came
the
Albanian
Souldier
before
mention'd
,
pretending
Letters
also
from
Solyman
to
the
Grand
Master
.
But
then
the
Grand
Master
forbid
any
farther
Parlying
.
However
these
offers
were
divulg'd
abroad
in
the
City
,
which
begat
in
many
a
desire
to
heark'n
to
propositions
of
peace
as
more
regarding
their
wives
and
Children
then
their
honour
.
And
it
was
carry'd
so
far
,
that
some
of
the
Citizens
went
and
declar'd
their
desires
to
the
Metropolitan
,
and
some
of
the
Grand
Cross
,
requesting
them
to
declare
their
grievances
to
the
Grand
Master
.
But
he
severely
check'd
them
,
telling
them
that
it
was
not
a
request
to
be
mention'd
;
that
they
should
rather
resolve
to
die
for
the
common
liberty
,
and
the
Honour
of
the
Order
.
The
next
day
they
came
and
besought
him
again
to
provide
for
the
Common
safety
,
for
that
they
were
assur'd
that
the
Citizens
would
yeild
to
a
treaty
,
rather
then
be
cut
in
pieces
themselves
,
their
wives
and
children
.
Then
the
Grand
Master
finding
himself
press'd
and
importun'd
of
all
hands
,
submitted
to
necessity
,
and
call'd
a
general
Council
.
So
soon
as
the
Council
was
sat
,
a
Petition
was
presented
to
the
Grand
Master
,
humbly
requesting
him
to
think
of
a
Capitulation
;
or
at
least
to
give
them
leave
to
secure
their
wives
and
children
;
and
at
the
foot
of
the
petition
was
an
intimation
that
if
the
Grand
Master
would
not
,
they
would
provide
for
them
themselves
.
In
this
distress
the
Grand
Master
;
desirous
to
know
the
condition
of
the
City
more
particularly
,
before
he
would
resolve
any
farther
,
requir'd
the
advice
of
the
Prior
of
St.
Giles
,
and
Martinengo
,
who
both
declar'd
in
full
Council
that
in
either
consciences
,
and
upon
their
Honour
and
allegeance
,
they
could
not
think
the
City
any
longer
tenable
,
the
Enemy
being
lodg'd
forty
yards
one
way
,
and
30
yards
another
way
within
the
City
,
so
that
it
was
impossible
for
them
to
retire
any
farther
,
nor
for
the
Enemy
to
be
beaten
out
.
Upon
the
advice
and
Relation
of
two
such
judicions
and
great
men
,
the
whole
Council
considering
how
much
it
concern'd
them
to
preserve
the
holy
Reliques
and
the
souls
and
honour
of
so
many
Christian
Women
and
Children
,
and
the
evident
danger
of
the
whole
Orders
being
dispierc'd
and
abolish'd
,
if
all
that
were
there
should
be
lost
,
resolv'd
with
one
accord
to
Capitulate
.
The
Grand
Master
still
lay'd
before
them
,
the
duty
that
lay
upon
them
to
preserve
the
honour
of
the
Order
,
which
had
never
yet
bin
defil'd
with
any
stain
of
cowardice
or
pusillanimity
,
having
alwaies
preferr'd
their
honour
and
Death
before
the
safety
of
their
Lives
.
But
the
Council
overrul'd
him
with
so
many
circumstantial
and
solid
reasons
,
that
he
was
constrain'd
to
yield
to
the
present
and
inevitable
necessity
,
and
their
grave
advice
.
This
design
Heav'n
was
so
far
pleas'd
to
favour
,
that
Solyman
began
first
.
For
he
first
set
up
an
Ensign
upon
the
Church
of
St.
Mary
de
Lermonitra
;
and
then
the
Grand
Master
set
up
another
upon
the
Mill
belonging
to
the
Cosquin
Gate
.
Immediately
two
Turks
came
out
of
the
Trenches
,
desiring
to
parley
:
upon
which
the
Grand
Master
sent
forth
the
Prior
of
St.
Giles
and
Martinengo
;
to
whom
the
Turks
deliver'd
a
Letter
from
Solyman
.
This
Letter
was
read
in
Council
;
wherein
Solyman
demanded
a
surrender
of
the
Town
,
&
offer'd
the
Knights
liberty
to
be
gone
,
with
security
for
their
persons
and
their
Baggage
:
which
if
they
would
not
accept
,
he
was
resolv'd
to
put
all
to
the
sword
.
Thereupon
in
consideration
onely
of
the
people
and
Inhabitants
of
the
Town
,
the
same
Resolution
was
again
taken
,
and
the
Chevalier
Anthony
de
Grolee
,
and
Robert
Perucci
,
Judge
of
the
Castillians
,
were
commissionated
to
attend
Solyman
.
So
soon
as
they
were
gone
forth
,
a
near
Kinsman
of
Achmats
,
and
a
Trucheman
much
favour'd
by
the
Grand
Turk
,
were
admitted
unto
Rhodes
as
Hostages
,
and
a
truce
was
concluded
for
three
dayes
.
The
next
day
Achmat
presented
the
Embassadours
to
Solyman
,
who
declar'd
to
him
what
they
had
in
commission
,
Solyman
to
maintain
his
Reputation
,
firmely
deny'd
that
he
had
ever
wrote
or
sent
to
the
Grand
Master
;
nevertheless
since
the
Grand
Master
had
sent
to
him
upon
the
same
Occasion
,
he
commanded
them
to
let
him
know
his
mind
,
which
was
the
same
that
he
had
written
,
and
demanded
his
Resolution
within
three
dayes
,
and
that
in
the
mean
time
there
should
be
no
working
toward
the
repair
of
their
fortifications
,
being
firmly
resolv'd
,
though
all
Turky
perish'd
,
not
to
stir
out
of
the
Island
,
till
he
had
Rhodes
in
his
possession
.
And
having
so
said
,
he
dismis'd
them
.
Perucci
return'd
to
the
City
.
But
Achmat
kept
the
Chevalier
Grollee
with
him
,
led
him
into
his
Pavilion
,
and
caus'd
him
to
drink
with
him
;
and
discoursing
of
several
passages
in
the
siege
,
Achmat
told
him
with
a
great
oath
;
that
above
forty
thousand
Turks
had
bin
slain
,
and
as
many
were
sick
and
wounded
.
Peruoci
having
made
his
report
to
the
Council
,
it
was
resolv'd
upon
good
considerations
that
they
should
not
accept
those
conditions
the
first
time
,
but
send
other
Commissioners
.
In
the
mean
time
certain
of
the
Citizens
took
upon
them
,
and
were
mightily
offended
that
the
Capitulation
was
begun
,
without
their
privity
.
Declaring
also
that
they
would
never
consent
to
any
such
conditions
,
but
rather
die
with
their
Swords
in
their
hands
for
their
liberty
,
then
surrender
themselves
to
the
power
of
the
Turk
.
For
that
whatever
the
Turk
promis'd
,
he
would
be
sure
to
exercise
nothing
,
but
rapine
and
slaughter
as
he
had
done
at
Belgrade
.
The
Grand
Master
observing
this
Grecian
fickleness
,
told
them
in
friendly
manner
that
the
Resolutions
he
had
taken
,
were
resolv'd
upon
upon
mature
deliberation
;
which
consultations
were
to
be
kept
secret
that
they
might
not
come
to
the
Enemies
knowledge
,
and
that
it
was
more
for
their
safety
then
for
the
good
of
the
Order
,
that
they
made
any
conditions
at
all
.
To
which
purpose
he
was
sending
away
other
Commissioners
the
better
to
assure
himself
of
Solymans
word
and
fidelity
.
With
which
answer
the
Citizens
shew'd
themselves
very
well
satisfy'd
.
Upon
this
two
other
Commissioners
were
dispatch'd
away
,
Raymond
Marquet
,
and
Lopezde
Pas
,
both
Spanish
Knights
,
who
represented
to
Solyman
that
the
Grand
Master
had
to
confer
with
several
people
of
several
Nations
that
the
time
Limited
was
too
short
,
and
therefore
desir'd
that
he
would
be
pleas'd
to
grant
them
a
longer
time
.
Solyman
not
relishing
this
discourse
without
saying
any
more
,
commanded
Achmat
to
continue
his
batteries
,
which
were
begun
again
upon
the
15th
.
of
December
and
so
the
Truce
was
broken
▪
Solyman
however
detain'd
one
of
the
Commissioners
,
which
shew'd
that
he
had
yet
some
inclinations
to
to
Capitulate
.
The
Grand
Master
observing
the
Hostility
begun
again
,
and
that
the
Turks
advanc'd
with
their
Trenches
farther
and
farther
into
the
Town
,
sent
for
them
that
hinder'd
the
treaty
,
and
protested
to
live
and
die
with
them
,
and
commanded
all
the
Inhabitants
to
repair
home
to
their
Quarters
there
to
keep
guard
,
and
that
no
person
should
quit
his
Quarters
upon
pain
of
Death
.
This
Order
was
observ'd
for
two
days
,
but
the
3d.
a
young
man
left
his
Quarters
and
went
and
lay
at
home
,
for
which
the
Grand
Master
commanded
him
to
be
hang'd
.
Some
few
days
after
that
,
all
the
rest
of
the
Inhabitants
lost
both
their
courage
and
their
patience
,
and
forsook
the
walls
and
breaches
,
so
that
the
Turks
might
easily
have
enter'd
,
had
not
the
Grand
Master
withstood
them
with
that
small
handful
of
men
which
he
had
left
him
;
which
some
few
dayes
after
was
a
little
augmented
by
the
coming
of
the
Chevalier
D'Andugar
,
and
the
Chevalier
Farfan
an
English
man
,
with
a
hundred
Souldiers
and
some
Wine
.
This
Wine
was
a
great
consolation
to
the
City
,
besides
that
the
Ship
made
such
Bravado's
as
it
enter'd
the
Port
,
that
the
Turks
generally
believ'd
it
had
brought
a
Relief
of
above
a
Thousand
men
.
However
the
Turks
continu'd
their
Assaults
,
and
particularly
they
made
a
violent
onset
upon
the
Spanish
Barbacan
,
from
which
,
though
they
were
at
first
repuls'd
,
yet
returning
with
such
vast
numbers
the
Rhodians
were
overwhilm'd
and
oppress'd
by
multitude
,
and
forc'd
to
retire
into
the
City
.
The
Turks
having
gain'd
the
Barbacan
,
presently
came
to
the
foot
of
the
English
wall
,
and
by
the
Ruins
of
the
Barbacan
got
to
the
top
of
it
,
and
there
planted
several
of
their
Colours
.
The
Citizens
beholding
the
Extream
danger
they
were
in
,
confess'd
their
folly
,
and
besought
the
Grand
Master
,
as
the
common
Father
,
to
provide
for
their
safety
,
who
gave
them
liberty
to
constitute
Deputies
of
their
own
to
attend
Solyman
,
and
to
procure
particular
security
from
him
for
themselves
,
and
order'd
them
to
go
along
with
the
Chevalier
Grollee
.
The
Grand
Master
however
having
some
hopes
of
relief
,
to
the
end
he
might
temporize
for
a
while
,
sent
Perucci
first
to
shew
to
Solyman
a
Letter
of
Bajazet
his
Grandfather
,
wherein
he
bequeath'd
his
malediction
to
those
of
his
successours
that
should
make
war
against
Rhodes
.
Perucci
address'd
himself
to
Achmat
,
who
desirous
to
see
the
Letter
,
took
it
,
and
having
torn
it
to
pieces
,
threw
it
under
his
feet
in
great
disdain
.
Having
so
done
,
he
sent
Perucci
back
to
the
Grand
Master
,
to
tell
him
,
that
if
he
did
not
suddenly
return
Solyman
an
answer
,
he
must
expect
to
be
miserable
.
However
the
Grand
Master
had
one
more
delay
,
which
was
to
offer
to
Solyman
by
the
proposal
of
the
Chevalier
de
Grollee
,
otherwise
call'd
Passim
,
the
expences
and
charges
of
the
whole
siege
,
if
he
would
rise
from
before
it
.
But
Achmat
would
not
suffer
any
such
word
to
be
deliver'd
to
Solyman
,
saying
that
Solyman
had
more
regard
to
his
honour
and
his
Reputation
then
to
all
the
Riches
in
the
World
.
At
length
the
Grand
Master
finding
no
way
to
avoyd
an
agreement
,
and
that
delay
would
be
the
Loss
of
all
,
vanquish'd
his
own
courage
,
and
overwhelm'd
with
grief
and
vexation
,
gave
his
word
to
surrender
the
Town
upon
the
conditions
propos'd
.
To
which
purpose
he
sent
away
the
Chevalier
Passim
&
the
Deputies
of
the
Town
,
who
were
presented
to
his
Majesty
;
to
whom
the
Knights
declar'd
that
the
Grand
Master
was
now
resolv'd
to
surrender
the
City
upon
the
conditions
propos'd
to
him
,
upon
a
full
assurance
in
the
faith
and
promises
of
his
Majesty
,
and
humbly
entreated
him
to
favour
the
Inhabitants
in
the
petition
which
they
had
to
present
to
him
for
their
peace
and
safety
.
The
Inhabitants
besought
him
to
remove
his
Army
a
little
farther
off
,
that
they
might
not
receive
any
Injury
either
in
their
persons
or
goods
,
and
that
those
that
would
be
gone
might
depart
in
safety
.
Solyman
accepted
the
offer
of
the
Grand
Master
,
and
promis'd
to
observe
inviolably
every
article
of
the
Capitulation
.
That
the
Churches
should
not
be
profan'd
;
that
none
of
the
Children
should
be
carry'd
away
as
Tribute
Children
to
make
Janissaries
.
That
the
Christians
should
have
the
free
exercise
of
their
Religion
.
That
the
Inhabitants
should
be
exempt
from
all
duties
for
five
years
.
That
they
that
would
might
depart
in
three
years
with
their
Estates
unmolested
.
That
Solyman
should
furnish
the
Order
with
Ships
sufficient
to
carry
them
and
their
Subjects
to
Candy
.
That
they
should
carry
off
as
many
of
their
great
Guns
as
they
could
Load
.
That
the
Castles
of
St.
Peter
,
Lango
,
and
the
other
Islands
and
Fortresses
belonging
to
the
Order
shall
be
surrender'd
to
Solyman
.
After
that
Achmat
sent
into
the
City
400
Janisaries
with
an
Aga
to
take
possession
,
and
the
Grand
Master
sent
into
the
Camp
for
Hostages
25
Knights
,
and
as
many
Citizens
,
who
were
by
Achmat
curteously
entertain'd
.
In
the
mean
time
Achmat
came
to
visit
the
Grand
Master
in
the
Moat
of
the
Spanish
Post
,
where
after
some
discourse
between
them
,
he
gave
the
Grand
Master
Notice
that
Solyman
was
desirous
to
see
him
,
and
therefore
adviz'd
him
,
as
his
best
course
,
to
go
and
wait
upon
him
.
The
Grand
Master
unwilling
to
provoke
Solyman
,
and
to
give
him
any
occasion
to
break
his
word
,
by
being
severe
either
to
the
Knights
or
the
Rhodians
,
resolv'd
to
follow
Achmats
advice
.
The
next
morning
therefore
he
went
,
in
a
plain
habit
,
accompani'd
with
several
of
the
Knights
;
and
after
he
had
attended
for
some
time
before
Solymans
Tent
,
he
was
presented
with
a
noble
Vest
,
that
Solyman
gave
him
;
which
so
soon
as
he
had
put
on
,
he
was
introduc'd
into
the
Grand
Signiours
Pavilion
,
and
kiss'd
his
hand
.
Solyman
receiv'd
him
curteously
,
chear'd
him
up
,
and
told
him
by
his
interpreter
,
that
it
was
a
common
thing
to
loose
or
gain
Cities
and
Signiories
through
the
Instability
of
Fortune
;
exhorted
him
to
take
his
loss
patiently
,
and
assur'd
him
of
a
most
punctual
performance
of
all
his
promises
.
Then
turning
to
his
own
people
.
I
cannot
but
pity
,
said
he
,
this
brave
Man
,
whom
in
his
Old
Age
,
Necessity
thus
compels
to
abandon
the
Seat
of
his
own
Dominion
.
The
Grand
Master
return'd
him
thanks
,
besought
him
to
remember
what
he
had
promis'd
,
and
so
taking
his
leave
,
retir'd
.
Solyman
caus'd
him
to
be
guarded
into
the
City
,
and
gave
habits
of
honour
to
all
the
Knights
that
attended
him
.
Three
days
after
Solyman
himself
rode
to
view
the
Trenches
,
the
Batteries
,
the
Breaches
,
and
the
Tower
of
St.
Nicholas
.
Upon
his
return
he
enter'd
the
Palace
attended
only
by
Achmat
,
and
Ibrahim
,
then
a
Page
,
but
highly
belov'd
by
him
,
and
ask'd
for
the
Grand
Master
.
When
he
saw
him
,
he
made
a
kind
of
offer
to
raise
his
Turbant
from
his
head
with
his
hand
,
out
of
respect
not
permitting
the
Grand
Master
to
make
any
obeysance
to
him
below
his
dignity
.
Bidding
him
fear
nothing
,
and
telling
him
withall
,
if
he
had
not
time
enough
,
he
would
allow
him
more
.
The
Grand
Master
return'd
him
thanks
,
but
desir'd
nothing
more
of
him
then
to
be
mindful
of
his
promise
.
Thereupon
Solyman
remounted
,
and
having
view'd
the
Church
of
St.
John
,
return'd
to
his
Pavilion
.
Upon
New-years
day
the
Grand
Master
having
taken
his
leave
of
Solyman
,
and
embark'd
as
many
of
the
choicest
great
Guns
as
the
time
would
permit
,
attended
by
all
the
Knights
,
and
as
many
of
the
best
of
the
Citizens
,
who
rather
chose
to
follow
his
fortunes
,
then
submit
to
the
Tyranny
of
the
Turks
,
went
aboard
the
Galleys
appointed
to
carry
the
disconsolate
Traine
,
and
the
best
of
their
goods
,
and
steer'd
away
for
Candy
.
Thus
did
The
Order
of
St.
John
loose
Rhodes
,
after
they
had
held
and
maintain'd
it
with
so
much
constancy
,
so
much
Expence
of
treasure
,
and
loss
of
blood
,
against
the
whole
power
of
the
Barbarous
Mahometans
,
for
the
space
of
two
hun-and
thirty
years
.
FINIS
.