THE
LIFE
OF
Monsieur
DES
CARTES
,
Containing
the
HISTORY
OF
HIS
Philosophy
and
Works
:
AS
ALSO
,
The
most
Remarkable
Things
that
befell
him
during
the
whole
Course
of
his
Life
.
Translated
from
the
French
,
By
S.
R.
LONDON
,
Printed
for
R.
Simpson
,
at
the
Harp
in
St.
Paul's
Church-yard
,
MDCXCIII
.
An
Abridgement
OF
THE
LIFE
OF
Monsieur
DES
CARTES
.
BOOK
.
I.
THE
Family
of
Des
Cartes
hath
ever
been
reputed
as
one
of
the
best
in
all
Tourain
,
there
was
never
observed
in
it
any
unfit
Matches
or
wrong
Alliance
,
that
might
alter
its
Nobility
,
and
we
find
no
date
of
its
being
made
noble
that
can
determine
and
fix
the
antiquity
thereof
,
the
branch
of
the
Eldest
Brothers
having
diffused
it self
into
the
House
Lillette
,
and
then
again
into
that
of
Maillé
,
the
branch
of
the
Puinees
,
or
Younger
Brothers
increast
very
much
,
and
extended
it self
into
the
upper
Poictou
,
yea
and
it
even
past
as
far
as
Berry
and
Anjou
by
means
of
its
Alliances
and
Matches
,
until
at
last
,
at
the
time
of
the
League
it
was
reduced
on
the
Males
side
to
but
one
single
person
Peter
Des
Cartes
Grandfather
to
the
Philosopher
whose
Life
we
are
here
about
to
undertake
to
write
.
Peter
Des
Cartes
,
after
having
with
good
success
served
in
the
War
against
the
Enemies
of
the
Religion
of
his
Countrey
,
and
against
those
of
the
state
of
his
Prince
,
quitted
the
service
pretty
early
,
on
purpose
that
he
might
the
longer
relish
the
fruits
of
repose
,
that
he
procured
himself
;
he
had
no
more
but
one
Son
of
Claudia
Ferrand
Sister
to
Anthony
Ferrand
,
principal
Lieutenant
particular
of
the
Chastelet
of
Paris
;
and
Sister
to
Michael
Ferrand
who
was
Father
to
M.
Ferrand
Dean
of
Parliament
.
This
Son
by
name
Joachim
was
the
first
of
the
Family
who
was
of
the
Long
Robe
or
followed
the
Law
,
who
went
to
settle
in
Britaigne
,
after
he
had
got
the
place
of
Chancellour
of
the
Parliament
of
Rennes
on
the
14th
of
Feb.
1586.
upon
the
resignation
of
D'Emery
Reynald
;
he
Married
afterward
by
a
Contract
bearing
date
15.
Jan.
1589.
Jane
Brochard
Daughter
to
the
Lieutenant
General
of
Poictiers
,
who
bore
him
three
Children
during
the
little
time
she
lived
with
him
:
the
Eldest
named
Peter
Des
Cartes
Sieur
dela
Bretailliere
Counsellour
of
the
Parliament
of
Bretaiyne
,
was
Father
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
[
*
](A29412-e460-b)
*
Jeachim
.
seur
de
Kerleau
,
who
is
at
present
Subdean
to
the
same
Parliament
.
The
second
was
a
[
*
](A29412-e480-b)
*
Joane
.
Daughter
,
Married
to
Mr.
Roger
de
Crevis
,
and
Grandmother
to
Monsieur
the
Count
de
Villeneave
alive
at
this
day
.
II.
The
last
was
Renatus
Des
Cartes
our
Philosopher
,
La
Haye
,
or
the
Hague
in
Turaine
upon
the
River
of
Creuse
on
the
31th
day
of
March
,
in
the
year
1596.
in
the
seventh
year
of
Henry
the
Great
or
Hen.
4.
in
the
beginning
of
the
fifth
year
of
the
Pontificat
of
Clement
the
eighth
,
He
shewed
himself
very
ill
satisfied
in
the
course
of
his
Life
,
afterward
,
that
any
one
should
take
notice
of
his
Birth-day
from
the
Baptismal
Register
of
the
Parish
,
and
from
the
Genialogical
Archives
,
or
Pedigree
of
his
Family
;
his
Reason
was
,
because
He
had
a
great
aversion
to
your
Calculaters
of
Nativity
,
whose
errour
one
seems
to
promote
when
he
publisheth
the
Birth
of
any
one
.
But
it
is
not
so
much
a
reason
as
a
pretence
which
he
alledged
to
those
who
were
willing
to
make
use
of
this
Circumstance
to
make
him
known
to
the
publick
.
III.
La
Haye
,
and
they
gave
the
Sir-name
of
Du
Perron
which
was
a
Lordship
belonging
to
the
Family
,
that
he
might
be
distinguished
from
his
Eldest
Brother
in
the
family
.
His
Mother
being
brought
to
Bed
and
lying
in
,
pretty
fortunate
for
him
,
was
followed
with
a
sickness
that
hindred
her
up
sitting
:
she
had
been
ill
all
along
from
the
very
time
of
her
being
big
,
of
Pulmonic
distemper
,
occasioned
to
her
by
some
displeasure
,
that
came
not
to
our
notice
:
her
Son
who
told
us
this
particular
,
only
informed
us
that
she
died
shortly
after
she
was
delivered
of
him
.
The
cares
of
the
Father
may
well
defend
the
Child
from
those
inconveniencies
which
are
to
be
fear'd
from
the
loss
of
the
Mother
,
The
Death
of
his
Mother
did
much
contribute
to
the
taking
his
Father
off
from
his
acquaintance
he
had
in
Poicto●
,
His
residing
in
these
Provinces
,
in
some
of
his
Houses
,
or
in
some
place
where
his
Estate
lay
thereabouts
,
wonderfully
pleas'd
him
till
that
time
,
and
he
took
great
delight
in
going
thither
to
pass
away
that
time
which
his
six
months
service
in
Parliament
could
spare
him
.
But
a
few
years
after
he
reduced
himself
wholly
to
Britaigne
,
and
there
he
fixt
the
rest
of
his
days
,
by
a
new
Marriage
which
he
contracted
with
Anne
Morin
,
Daughter
to
the
chief
President
of
the
Chamber
of
Accompts
at
Nants
.
He
had
by
her
a
Son
and
a
Daughter
.
The
Son
was
Counsellour
in
Parliament
,
Seigneur
de
Chavagnes
by
name
,
Father
to
Monsieur
de
Chavagnes
now
living
,
a
Counsellour
in
the
same
Parliament
,
who
has
turn'd
Priest
since
the
death
of
his
Wife
.
The
Daughter
was
Married
to
one
Louis
d'
Avangour
Seigneur
dubois
de
Kergrais
.
IV.
Joachim
des
Cartes
to
divert
his
cares
he
owed
to
his
Son
du
Perron
whom
he
was
wont
to
call
Philosopher
because
of
the
insatiable
curiosity
that
appear'd
in
the
Child
to
demand
the
reasons
and
effects
of
whatsoever
enter'd
,
by
his
senses
.
The
weakness
of
his
disposition
,
and
unconstancy
of
his
health
obliged
the
Father
to
leave
him
along
time
under
the
tuition
of
Women
.
Yet
at
the
time
they
were
but
busie
about
his
body
,
and
endeavour
to
procure
him
a
good
strong
constitution
,
he
afforded
almost
every
day
instances
of
the
beautifulness
of
his
genious
.
He
shewed
,
in
the
midst
of
these
his
infirmities
such
promising
dispositions
for
study
;
that
his
Father
could
not
chuse
but
procure
him
the
first
exercises
suitable
to
the
design
he
had
of
cultivating
his
stock
of
parts
,
maugre
the
resolution
he
had
taken
to
make
sure
of
the
corporeal
health
of
his
Son
,
before
he
attempted
any
thing
upon
his
mind
.
To
this
effect
they
carried
on
the
business
,
that
nothing
was
spoiled
.
So
that
a
Man
may
say
these
first
studies
were
nothing
but
sleight
Essays
,
and
but
superficial
rude
draughts
and
delineations
at
those
they
intended
to
make
him
perform
when
he
was
of
Age.
His
Father
considering
he
was
going
into
his
ninth
year
,
La
fl●che
to
Study
.
thought
it
behoved
him
to
take
the
advantage
of
the
new
foundation
of
that
famous
Colledge
of
La
fleche
in
favour
of
the
Jesuits
,
he
admitted
him
,
and
put
him
into
Commons
there
Anno
1604.
after
Winter
was
over
,
and
recommended
him
particularly
to
the
care
of
Father
Charlet
his
Kinsman
.
This
Father
,
who
was
along
time
Rector
of
this
Colledge
,
before
he
proceeded
to
the
chief
employments
of
the
Company
,
conceived
such
a
tender
affection
for
young
Des
Cartes
du
Perron
,
the
willinger
took
upon
him
all
the
care
in
reference
to
his
Body
as
well
as
his
Mind
.
He
was
like
both
a
Father
and
Governour
to
him
above
eight
years
together
that
he
stay'd
in
the
Colledge
,
and
helped
him
to
Father
Dine●
for
a
tutour
,
who
was
since
Provincial
and
Confessour
to
our
Kings
.
Both
of
them
perceiving
our
young
Scholar
pretty
sensible
of
all
their
kindnesses
,
were
not
long
before
they
joined
to
them
some
esteem
and
affection
for
him
,
and
after
that
had
been
his
directours
as
to
his
Studies
,
Conduct
and
Behaviour
,
so
they
made
him
their
Friend
,
and
continued
so
to
be
till
death
,
whom
also
they
were
careful
to
discourse
with
and
entertain
,
by
a
mutual
commerce
of
Lett●●●
and
Recommendations
.
Young
Des
Cartes
,
du
Perron
,
but
only
at
such
time
as
there
is
need
to
distinguish
him
in
His
Parentage
,
Had
brought
along
with
him
at
his
first
coming
to
the
Colledge
a
more
than
ordinary
Passion
to
acquire
the
Sciences
,
and
this
Passion
being
backt
with
a
solid
understanding
,
yet
quick
,
lively
,
and
free
withal
,
he
evermore
answered
the
intentions
of
his
Father
,
and
diligence
of
his
Tutors
beyond
expectation
;
in
all
the
course
of
his
Humanity
which
was
five
years
and
an
half
,
none
ever
perceived
in
him
the
least
affectation
of
singularity
,
except
that
which
emulation
produced
,
for
he
took
some
Pride
,
to
out-run
such
of
his
companions
who
had
out-stript
others
.
Being
of
a
very
good
nature
,
of
an
easie
complying
humour
,
he
never
found
himself
uneasie
at
the
submission
he
paid
to
his
Masters
Will
;
and
his
diligence
in
plying
his
business
and
performing
his
task
,
both
of
the
Classe
and
Chamber
,
cost
him
nothing
.
With
these
two
hopeful
dispositions
he
made
great
proficiency
in
the
knowledge
of
the
two
Tongues
,
the
importance
and
necessity
whereof
for
understanding
ancient
Authors
he
early
apprehended
.
He
loved
Poetry
a
great
deal
more
than
those
,
who
look
upon
him
but
as
a
Philosopher
,
can
possibly
imagin
.
Nay
he
had
even
something
of
a
Talent
for
Poetry
;
he
hath
made
it
plainly
appear
that
he
was
not
astranger
to
the
phancies
and
niceties
thereof
.
He
found
moreover
a
great
deal
of
pleasure
in
the
Fables
of
the
Ancients
,
not
so
much
because
of
some
mysteries
of
natural
and
moral
Philosophy
that
was
couched
under
them
,
as
that
they
roused
his
Spirit
by
their
genteil
phancies
.
In
recompence
of
his
faithfulness
and
exactness
wherewith
he
discharged
his
duty
,
he
obtain'd
liberty
,
not
to
keep
close
to
Lectures
,
nor
compositions
which
otherwise
were
enjoin'd
him
in
Common
with
his
associates
.
Now
his
business
was
to
make
use
of
this
liberty
to
satisfie
his
passion
,
which
he
felt
to
increase
in
him
to
acquire
a
clear
and
certain
knowledge
of
wha●●oever
conduceth
to
the
profit
and
advantage
of
Life
,
which
they
had
put
him
in
hopes
to
attain
by
means
of
humanity
;
upon
this
account
not
taking
up
with
that
which
is
taught
in
the
Colledge
,
he
run
over
,
If
a
man
may
believe
him
,
all
the
Books
that
treat
of
Sciences
,
that
men
account
the
most
rare
and
curious
,
which
you
must
understand
only
of
what
could
at
that
time
come
to
his
hands
.
I
shall
add
,
for
the
undeceiving
those
who
have
suspected
,
that
in
the
whole
series
of
his
life
,
that
he
had
but
small
inclination
,
or
value
for
Books
:
that
we
meet
with
but
very
few
sentiments
more
advantagious
than
those
he
past
upon
them
in
those
days
,
He
was
fully
persuaded
that
reading
of
good
Books
,
is
as
it
were
the
conversing
with
the
greatest
wits
and
honestest
persons
of
former
ages
,
who
were
Authors
of
them
,
but
withal
that
it
was
a
studied
conversation
,
in
which
they
discovered
to
us
their
best
thoughts
only
.
V.
Des
Cartes
would
not
be
deprived
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
advantage
of
friends
and
acquaintance
,
which
one
does
there
contract
with
those
of
his
own
age
,
and
humour
,
and
which
prove
the
Seeds
of
the
strongest
and
most
durable
friendship
;
the
antientest
of
his
Friends
were
without
doubt
those
he
got
acquaintance
with
in
the
Colledge
of
La
fleche
.
But
besides
Renatus
le
clerc
,
since
Bishop
of
Glandave
,
and
the
Sieur
Chauveau
of
Melun
,
who
afterward
became
a
grand
Mathematician
,
and
a
zealous
Cartesian
;
we
know
no
more
,
besides
,
in
those
days
,
but
Father
Marinus
Marsennus
,
a
Minim
,
who
past
for
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Resident
at
Paris
,
amongst
Learned
men
,
and
for
the
Dean
,
of
his
friends
and
followers
,
notwithstanding
,
he
was
near
upon
eight
years
older
than
he
,
and
albeit
he
was
in
his
Rhetorick
,
when
the
other
did
but
begin
his
Accidence
.
M.
La
fl●ch●
.
Des
Cartes
was
in
the
first
year
of
his
course
of
Philosophy
,
when
the
news
of
the
Kings
Death
,
slain
upon
Friday
May
4.
1610.
made
a
Non
term
in
the
Colledge
,
this
Prince
upon
bestowing
his
house
of
La
fleche
upon
the
Jesuits
,
desired
his
Heart
,
that
of
the
Queen
,
and
his
Successours
might
be
carried
thither
after
their
Death
,
and
kept
in
their
Church
,
so
that
all
the
time
that
past
between
that
fatal
news
,
and
the
removing
the
Kings
Heart
to
La
fleche
,
was
spent
in
publick
Prayers
in
the
Colledge
,
in
funeral
compositions
,
both
in
Verse
and
Prose
,
and
in
preparations
for
the
reception
of
this
depositum
.
It
was
performed
on
the
first
of
June
with
a
great
deal
of
Ceremony
,
and
it
was
constituted
and
agreed
upon
in
the
Townhall
of
La
flesche
,
that
upon
the
aniversary
day
their
should
be
performed
every
year
a
solemn
Procession
,
with
Service
suitable
thereto
for
the
Kings
Soul
,
and
that
the
said
day
should
be
observed
thence
forward
just
as
Holy
days
are
,
in
shutting
up
all
Courts
of
Indicature
,
in
making
vacation
in
the
several
closses
,
and
causing
all
shops
to
be
close
shut
up
.
Monday
following
of
June
the
term
begun
again
for
performing
the
usual
exercises
in
the
Colledge
,
Des
Cartes
continued
his
Study
of
Ethicks
.
The
Logick
he
studied
the
Winter
foregoing
,
was
the
only
one
of
all
the
parts
of
Logick
,
whereto
,
as
he
afterwards
declared
,
he
applied
himself
the
most
in
the
Colledge
.
From
that
time
he
perceived
that
Syllogisms
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
other
instructions
of
your
School
Logick
,
serve
not
so
much
to
understand
things
which
one
would
fain
know
,
as
to
explain
those
one
knows
to
others
:
or
else
to
prate
without
judgement
of
those
whereof
a
man
is
ignorant
,
which
is
the
effect
they
ascribe
to
Ramond
Lullies
Art
.
Of
all
the
dictates
he
received
from
his
Masters
,
he
retained
none
but
the
four
Rules
,
which
served
afterwards
whereon
to
ground
his
new
Philosophy
,
the
first
is
,
Not
to
admit
any
thing
for
truth
,
that
he
did
not
clearly
and
distinctly
know
to
be
so
.
The
second
,
To
divide
things
as
far
as
possibly
one
could
,
the
better
to
resolve
them
.
The
third
,
To
regulate
a
Mans
Thoughts
orderly
,
beginning
with
the
most
simple
objects
,
on
purpose
to
come
up
by
degrees
,
to
the
knowledge
of
the
most
compound
ones
.
The
fourth
is
,
To
omit
nothing
in
the
anumeration
of
the
things
whose
parts
he
is
to
examine
.
But
at
that
very
time
he
compiled
a
singular
method
for
himself
of
disputing
in
Philosophy
,
which
mightily
pleased
his
perpetual
director
Father
Charlet
,
as
it
did
likewise
his
Tutor
Father
Dinet
,
altho'
it
put
him
that
moderated
to
his
Trumps
.
When
they
came
to
propound
an
argument
in
the
disputation
,
he
,
at
first
,
asked
several
questions
de
definitione
nominum
;
then
he
asked
if
they
did
not
agree
about
certain
received
truths
known
,
of
which
he
made
them
agree
and
consent
to
.
Thereupon
he
composed
only
one
argument
,
from
which
it
was
very
hard
to
get
clear
without
puffing
.
The
Study
of
the
Morality
of
the
Schools
stood
him
in
stead
,
chiefly
to
make
him
distinguish
that
of
the
Heathen
,
and
of
the
Moral
honest
man
of
the
World
,
from
that
of
a
Christian
,
but
we
are
at
a
loss
to
know
certainly
whether
or
no
,
he
was
beholding
to
his
Masters
Papers
,
for
the
four
Maximes
wherein
he
makes
all
his
particular
Morality
to
consist
.
The
first
of
these
Maximes
was
To
obey
the
Laws
and
Customs
of
his
Country
.
sticking
close
to
the
Religion
in
which
God
was
pleased
he
should
be
born
.
The
second
,
to
be
stedfast
and
resolute
in
his
actions
,
and
to
adhere
as
constantly
to
the
most
dubious
opinions
,
when
he
should
once
be
determined
to
follow
them
,
as
if
they
were
most
certain
.
The
third
,
to
labour
rather
to
conquer
himself
than
Fortune
.
To
change
his
desire
rather
than
the
Order
of
the
World
,
and
to
persuade
himself
that
nothing
is
absolutely
in
our
power
,
but
our
Thoughts
.
The
fourth
,
To
determine
and
propose
something
to
himself
,
without
blaming
other
Men
in
their
Employments
and
different
occupations
,
to
determine
and
propose
to
himself
the
business
of
improving
his
reason
;
and
to
search
out
the
truth
of
all
things
all
his
Life
long
.
The
year
following
which
he
spent
in
the
Study
of
Metaphisicks
was
less
satisfactory
to
him
,
than
the
Study
of
Logick
and
Ethicks
.
At
that
very
time
he
perceived
himself
perplext
with
errous
and
doubts
,
instead
,
of
that
clear
and
distinct
knowledge
of
whatsoever
conduceth
to
the
benefit
of
Life
,
which
they
bore
him
in
hand
he
should
discover
in
his
Studies
.
The
further
he
proceeded
,
the
more
he
discovered
his
own
ignorance
,
he
saw
by
the
Lectures
of
his
Masters
and
the
reading
of
their
Books
,
that
Phylosophy
had
been
cultivated
and
improved
from
all
antiquity
by
the
men
of
the
most
excellent
parts
that
ever
appear'd
in
the
World
,
and
yet
for
all
that
,
there
was
not
any
thing
in
the
World
,
of
which
men
did
not
dispute
,
and
call
in
question
,
and
consequently
nothing
but
what
was
doubtful
.
All
the
esteem
he
had
put
upon
his
Masters
,
could
not
stock
himself
with
presumption
to
hope
that
he
could
hit
on
it
better
than
others
;
considering
the
diversity
of
opinions
maintain'd
by
learned
persons
touching
the
same
subject
matter
,
there
being
never
more
than
one
of
them
that
could
be
true
,
he
had
already
accustom'd
himself
almost
to
repute
whatsoever
was
but
probable
,
for
false
.
If
he
had
never
had
but
one
Master
,
or
if
he
had
never
been
acquainted
with
these
different
opinions
amongst
Philosophers
,
he
protesteth
he
should
never
have
had
occasion
to
sequester
himself
,
and
withdrawn
from
the
number
of
such
who
must
be
content
to
follow
other
mens
opinions
,
rather
than
to
find
out
others
themselves
.
But
having
learnt
even
when
he
was
in
the
Colledge
,
(
they
are
his
own
expressions
)
that
one
cannot
imagine
that
thing
so
uncouth
and
wild
that
hath
not
been
advanced
by
some
Philosopher
or
other
,
he
pretends
he
could
by
no
means
make
choise
of
any
one
guide
,
whose
opinions
could
appear
to
him
much
to
be
prefer'd
before
the
opinions
of
others
:
this
was
that
which
put
him
upon
cutting
out
himself
a
new
road
in
process
of
time
,
and
to
undertake
the
conducting
and
manageing
himself
.
In
despight
of
all
the
rubs
his
tow'ring
Spirit
met
with
in
the
pursuit
of
his
Philosophy
,
yet
was
he
to
come
to
the
end
of
his
course
,
in
the
same
time
as
the
rest
of
his
fellow
Students
did
,
that
never
found
any
quaeries
to
put
,
nor
any
difficulties
to
remove
in
the
transcripts
of
their
Masters
;
they
made
him
proceed
after
that
,
to
the
Study
of
Mathematicks
,
to
which
he
alloted
his
last
years
residence
at
La
flesche
,
the
delight
he
took
therein
,
paid
him
with
interest
for
the
vast
trouble
and
pains
the
School
Philosophy
had
put
him
to
;
and
the
progress
he
made
therein
was
so
extraordinary
,
that
the
Colledge
of
La
flesche
hath
acquired
it self
by
his
means
the
glory
of
having
produc't
the
greatest
Mathematician
they
ever
yet
saw
.
Amongst
the
parts
of
Mathematicks
,
he
chosed
the
Analysis
from
Geometry
,
and
Algebra
to
make
the
subject
of
his
particular
application
,
on
purpose
to
purge
them
from
what
was
unprofitable
and
hurtful
in
them
,
and
to
bring
them
to
perfection
,
this
is
that
he
laboured
about
at
the
very
time
he
was
in
the
Colledge
,
without
depending
either
upon
his
Master
or
fellow
Collegians
,
if
we
give
credit
to
those
who
would
make
him
the
Author
of
that
sort
of
Algebra
which
they
call
the
Key
of
all
the
Liberal
Arts
and
of
all
Sciences
.
Which
they
esteem
as
the
best
method
,
that
ever
saw
the
light
,
to
discern
truth
from
falshood
.
The
dispensation
he
had
obtain'd
from
the
Father
Principal
of
the
Colledge
not
to
be
obliged
to
practise
every
punctilio
of
the
School
Philosophy
,
supply'd
with
an
opportunity
and
means
to
follow
it
as
closely
as
he
could
reasonably
desire
.
Father
Charlet
Rectour
of
the
Colledge
had
conceded
to
him
amongst
other
priviledges
,
that
of
lying
long
in
Bed
,
as
well
by
reason
of
his
weakness
of
disposition
as
for
that
he
observed
in
him
a
mind
naturally
inclin'd
to
meditation
,
Des
Cartes
finding
when
he
awaked
all
his
Spirits
recollected
,
and
his
Senses
much
composed
and
sedate
after
his
Nights
rest
improved
all
these
favourable
conjunctures
for
to
meditate
;
this
practice
turn'd
so
into
a
second
nature
,
that
it
was
his
usual
manner
of
Studying
all
his
Life
after
.
And
one
may
safely
say
,
that
the
World
owes
to
his
Morning
Meditations
in
Bed
,
all
those
fine
important
productions
of
his
Brain
both
in
Philosophy
and
Mathematicks
.
VII
.
La
flesche
after
eight
years
and
half
being
Resident
therein
,
and
returned
home
to
his
Fathers
House
,
with
the
accumulated
Praises
and
Good
Word
of
his
Masters
or
Tutours
.
There
remain'd
to
him
all
his
whole
Life
after
,
a
great
stock
of
thankful
acknowledgment
for
the
obligation
they
laid
upon
him
,
and
he
had
a
great
kindness
and
esteem
for
the
Colledge
,
which
he
was
wont
to
extol
above
all
others
,
whether
it
was
because
his
own
experience
had
afforded
him
a
more
particular
knowledge
of
it
,
or
else
because
we
are
natural
and
commonly
induced
to
commend
the
Place
of
our
Education
equally
with
that
of
our
birth
,
and
to
boast
of
our
Masters
as
of
our
Parents
.
But
altho'
,
he
might
be
satisfied
with
his
Masters
upon
his
leaving
the
Colledge
,
yet
was
he
by
no
means
satisfied
with
himself
.
If
we
do
not
belye
nor
undervalue
the
judgment
of
those
who
were
well
acquainted
with
those
times
,
we
should
not
deny
but
that
he
abundantly
deserved
,
a
stripling
as
he
was
,
that
Rank
,
the
Publick
bestowed
on
him
even
at
that
time
,
amongst
the
Able
Learned
Men
of
the
Age.
But
it
was
never
a
more
dangerous
time
to
be
lavish
of
the
quality
of
a
Wise
and
Knowing
Person
;
for
he
was
not
content
only
to
reject
this
quality
which
Men
would
have
fastened
upon
him
:
but
willing
to
measure
other
Mens
Corn
by
his
own
bushel
,
it
was
ten
to
one
but
he
had
taken
those
who
bore
the
same
quality
,
for
no
real
Knowing
Learned
Men
,
and
his
undervaluing
of
whatsoever
,
Men
Term
,
Sciences
,
was
very
like
to
have
discovered
it self
.
The
displeasure
he
conceived
to
see
himself
disabused
of
the
mistake
wherewith
he
flatter'd
himself
to
be
able
to
acquire
,
A
clear
and
assured
knowledge
of
whatsoever
is
profitable
to
life
.
Was
like
to
have
precipitated
him
into
despair
,
seeing
,
besides
,
that
the
Age
he
lived
in
was
as
flourishing
as
any
of
the
preceeding
,
and
phancying
with
himself
that
all
the
Men
of
Parts
,
of
which
this
Age
was
very
fruitful
,
found
themselves
in
the
same
predicament
he
was
in
,
although
peradventure
they
were
so
sensible
of
it
as
himself
;
he
had
a
shrewd
Temptation
to
believe
,
that
there
was
no
such
thing
as
a
Science
in
the
World
in
every
respect
,
such
an
one
as
they
made
him
hope
for
.
The
result
of
all
these
tedious
,
Des
Cartes
would
not
have
packt
off
his
Books
,
for
which
,
he
had
otherwise
a
great
love
for
;
but
only
because
he
found
not
in
them
what
he
sought
for
,
upon
the
Credit
of
those
who
ingaged
him
to
ply
his
Study
.
Although
he
was
sensible
how
much
he
was
obliged
to
his
Masters
,
who
omitted
nothing
within
the
verge
of
their
power
,
for
to
satisfie
him
;
Nevertheless
he
did
not
believe
himself
at
all
beholden
to
his
Studies
,
for
what
he
afterward
effected
for
tra●ing
of
Truth
in
Arts
and
Sciences
;
he
did
not
stick
to
say
to
some
Friends
,
that
although
his
Father
had
not
brought
〈◊〉
up
a
Schollar
,
yet
he
would
not
for
all
that
,
have
forborn
writing
in
his
Mother
Tongue
,
the
self
same
thing
he
has
written
in
Latin
.
VIII
.
His
Father
who
had
already
caused
his
Elder
Brother
to
apply
himself
to
the
Law
,
seemed
to
have
some
thoughts
of
designing
him
for
the
Service
of
his
King
and
Country
in
the
Army
;
but
his
tender
years
,
and
the
weakness
of
his
Constitution
,
would
not
permit
him
to
expose
him
so
early
to
the
Toiles
of
War
.
He
judged
it
adviceable
,
first
to
let
him
see
the
World
,
to
that
purpose
he
resolved
to
send
him
to
Paris
towards
the
Spring
,
but
perhaps
it
was
a
great
over-sight
in
him
,
to
Abandon
him
to
his
own
Conduct
,
and
leave
him
to
himself
,
without
affording
him
any
other
Governour
but
a
valet
de
Chambre
,
and
not
any
to
inspect
him
besides
a
Lacquey
or
two
:
he
relyed
too
confidently
upon
the
wisdom
of
a
Youth
of
17.
years
,
void
of
Experience
,
and
of
all
helps
,
but
his
own
proper
strength
to
wrastle
against
all
occasions
of
undoing
himself
.
Yea
,
and
he
had
power
enough
to
guard
him
from
grosser
Debauches
,
not
to
be
overtaken
by
the
Disorders
of
Intemperance
;
but
he
found
he
was
not
proof
against
Companies
that
hawled
him
away
,
to
take
a
walk
now
and
then
to
Gaming
,
and
other
Divertisements
that
pass
in
the
World
for
indifferent
in
themselves
:
that
which
contributed
much
to
make
him
more
particularly
addicted
to
Gaming
,
was
,
that
he
came
always
off
with
great
Fortune
,
especially
in
those
Games
that
depend
more
upon
industry
than
chance
.
But
the
worst
improvement
he
made
during
this
idle
time
,
was
the
renewing
his
Acquaintance
with
divers
persons
,
whom
he
had
seen
at
La
Flesche
,
and
the
Friendship
he
Contracted
with
some
Persons
of
worth
;
who
served
a
little
to
reclaim
him
from
that
aversion
that
had
seized
him
for
the
Study
of
Books
.
The
most
considerable
of
his
new
Friends
,
Claudius
Mydorge
Treasurer
of
France
,
and
of
the
generality
of
Amiens
,
Son
to
a
Counsellor
of
the
great
Chamber
,
and
Successor
to
Vieta
,
in
his
Reputation
of
the
chief
Mathematician
in
France
,
during
some
time
;
M.
Des
Cartes
,
who
was
younger
by
almost
eleven
years
,
found
,
I
know
not
,
what
in
this
Acquaintance
:
Whether
for
his
humour
,
or
the
Character
of
his
Mind
,
which
united
them
so
close
in
such
strict
bonds
of
Friendship
,
that
nothing
could
have
separated
them
,
but
Monsieur
Mydorge
his
Death
.
It
was
about
the
same
time
also
,
that
he
light
again
upon
Marcinus
Mersennus
at
Paris
,
La
Flesche
,
Mersennus
had
turn'd
Minim
after
his
leaving
the
Sorbon-School
,
this
renewing
of
their
acquaintance
,
was
so
much
the
more
acceptable
to
the
Monk
,
because
Monsieur
D.
Cartes
was
not
so
much
below
him
,
as
when
he
saw
him
a
Lad
in
the
Colledge
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
Meeting
proved
Advantagious
for
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
;
forasmuch
as
it
served
to
deliver
him
from
his
being
given
to
Gaming
,
and
other
unprofitable
pastimes
:
They
began
to
relish
the
sweetness
of
their
innocent
acquaintance
,
and
to
solace
one
another
in
the
research
of
truth
,
when
Father
Mersennus
was
about
the
year
1614.
sent
to
Nevers
,
there
to
read
Philosophy
to
the
young
Monks
of
his
Order
.
This
Separation
went
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Heart
.
Such
of
his
Friends
which
were
good
for
nothing
else
but
to
pass
away
the
time
and
divertisement
,
soon
grew
weary
,
that
they
see
him
no
more
:
They
sought
him
up
and
down
,
but
all
in
vain
,
in
the
City
,
at
Court
,
and
in
his
Country
;
he
was
so
wise
at
the
beginning
of
his
Retirement
,
to
prevent
the
chance
of
meeting
any
,
that
he
might
not
fall
into
the
Hands
of
these
Troublesome
Persons
,
when
he
was
obliged
to
go
abroad
about
his
occasions
;
the
business
had
no
bad
Success
for
near
two
years
together
;
but
he
afterwards
relyed
but
too
confidently
upon
the
luckiness
of
his
Solitude
,
for
not
being
vigilant
enough
about
his
regress
and
ingress
,
and
not
cautious
of
his
ways
,
and
turnings
as
before
,
he
was
met
with
by
one
of
his
Friends
,
whom
he
could
not
get
quit
off
,
till
such
time
as
he
should
discover
the
place
of
his
Abode
.
This
cost
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Liberty
,
But
he
soon
perceived
he
had
changed
his
Relish
for
Pleasure
,
Games
,
and
walkings
were
not
so
Charming
to
him
,
as
once
before
;
and
the
Enchantments
of
Worldly
Delights
,
had
but
very
weak
effects
upon
him
,
against
the
Charms
of
Philosophy
and
Mathematicks
,
from
which
his
Jovial
Friends
were
not
able
to
free
him
.
They
made
him
spend
the
Christmas
holy
days
Anno
1616.
and
the
beginning
of
the
next
year
,
till
Shrovetide
,
as
merrily
as
they
possibly
could
.
But
they
could
not
make
him
take
delight
in
any
thing
but
Musick
,
by
a
Consort
of
which
he
could
not
chuse
but
be
much
taken
,
considering
the
skill
he
had
in
Mathematick's
.
He
no
longer
could
hope
from
the
importunate
companions
of
his
Age
and
Quality
,
But
as
his
Heart
was
already
prepossessed
by
a
stronger
passion
for
the
research
of
Truth
,
He
did
really
take
delight
in
War
at
that
Age
,
but
this
inclination
was
but
the
effect
of
the
heat
of
his
Liver
,
which
was
asswaged
in
process
of
time
.
Altho'
,
the
City
of
Breda
where
he
lay
in
Garrison
,
enjoy'd
at
that
time
the
quiet
which
was
procured
it
by
the
Truce
concluded
upon
,
between
the
Spaniard
and
Hollander
,
yet
for
all
that
he
always
shewed
himself
an
utter
Enemy
of
Idleness
and
Libertinism
.
Whether
you
consider
him
in
his
Military
Occupations
,
wherein
he
was
assiduous
and
careful
as
any
of
the
hottest
forwardest
Souldiers
,
or
be
it
you
look
upon
him
at
the
leisure
hours
he
could
spare
from
his
Duties
,
which
he
employed
in
Study
,
when
others
spent
it
in
Debauchery
.
At
that
time
it
so
happened
,
that
an
Anonymus
person
caused
a
Problem
of
Mathematicks
to
be
affixt
up
and
down
the
streets
of
Breda
,
to
be
propounded
to
the
Learned
,
and
to
require
the
solution
of
it
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
beholding
the
concourse
of
Passengers
stopping
before
the
Note
affixt
Writ
in
Dutch
,
desired
the
next
Man
he
found
by
him
,
that
he
would
please
to
tell
him
either
in
Latin
or
French
,
the
substance
of
what
is
contained
.
The
Man
,
as
good
luck
would
have
it
,
to
whom
he
addrest
himself
,
was
willing
to
satisfie
him
,
yet
upon
this
condition
,
that
he
on
his
part
would
be
obliged
to
solve
the
Problem
,
which
he
judged
it self
to
be
very
difficult
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
accepted
of
the
condition
with
such
a
resolute
Air
,
that
the
Man
little
expecting
such
a
thing
from
a
young
Cadel
in
the
Army
,
gave
him
his
name
in
Writing
,
together
with
the
Place
of
his
Abode
,
to
the
intent
he
might
bring
him
the
solution
of
it
when
he
should
find
it
out
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
understood
by
his
Note
,
that
his
Name
was
Isaac
Beekman
,
and
that
he
was
Principal
of
the
Colledge
at
Dort
,
no
sooner
was
he
return'd
to
his
Quarters
,
but
setting
himself
to
examine
the
Problem
of
the
unknown
Person
,
after
the
Rules
of
his
Method
,
he
found
out
the
solution
of
it
with
much
ease
and
readiness
,
as
Vieta
once
did
in
resolving
in
less
than
three
hours
,
that
famous
question
propounded
by
Adrian
Romain
to
all
Mathematicians
under
the
Cope
of
Heaven
.
Not
to
fail
of
his
Word
,
away
he
goes
next
day
to
Beckmans
Lodging
,
brings
him
the
solution
of
the
Problem
,
nay
and
offers
to
give
him
the
construction
of
it
,
if
he
desired
so
much
,
Beckman
seem'd
surprised
,
but
his
wonder
increased
when
beginning
to
discourse
,
on
purpose
to
pose
him
,
and
sound
the
parts
and
capacities
of
the
Young
Man
,
he
found
his
Abilities
much
beyond
his
own
in
the
Sciences
wherein
his
whole
time
had
been
taken
up
for
several
years
.
He
craved
of
his
amicable
correspondence
,
and
offered
him
his
,
and
be●eecht
him
to
consent
that
they
might
maintain
a
mutual
commerce
of
Studies
,
all
the
remainder
of
their
Life
.
Monsieur
Des
Car●es
answered
all
those
Civilities
with
all
the
effects
of
unfeigned
amity
,
notwithstanding
●e
was
younger
than
he
by
near
thirty
years
,
●nd
that
he
might
give
him
evidences
of
the
confidence
he
reposed
in
him
,
he
chearfully
consented
that
he
should
be
his
correspondent
for
Holland
,
as
he
desired
he
might
.
Whilst
Count
Maurice
came
to
be
P.
of
●range
upon
the
Death
of
his
Brother
,
Des
Cartes
had
a
mind
to
stay
at
Breda
,
where
he
imploy'd
his
time
in
compo●ing
some
Writings
,
amongst
which
,
that
which
is
best
known
,
is
his
Teatise
of
Musick
,
●e
composed
it
in
Latin
,
for
he
had
acquired
a
notable
knack
of
Conceiving
and
Writing
ex
tempore
,
whatsoever
came
into
his
Mind
.
He
was
willing
to
entrust
him
with
the
Original
,
at
whose
request
he
had
composed
it
,
●ut
with
this
Proviso
that
he
should
let
no
body
see
,
because
,
judging
it
very
imperfect
,
he
fear'd
lest
it
should
become
publick
,
either
by
Printing
it
,
or
by
Multiplication
of
some
Copies
.
Beeckman
who
was
reckoned
amongst
the
prime
Mathematicians
of
the
Age
,
found
it
not
too
imperfect
for
him
,
and
thinking
Des
,
Cartes
had
disown'd
and
laid
no
claim
to
it
,
he
thought
fit
to
get
some
credit
by
it
,
as
tho'
he
had
been
the
Author
of
it
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
believed
he
was
obliged
to
bring
down
his
Pride
,
and
to
let
him
understand
what
a
base
thing
it
is
to
acquire
himself
a
little
reputation
at
the
expence
of
prejudicing
the
Truth
.
His
Friends
could
never
get
his
consent
to
publish
this
Treatise
whilst
he
was
alive
;
his
Enemies
having
come
by
a
Copy
of
it
not
so
perfect
as
should
be
,
sought
for
an
occasion
to
be
revenged
of
him
after
his
Death
.
But
they
laboured
to
their
own
shame
,
and
were
so
far
from
disgracing
his
Memory
,
that
they
drew
upon
him
the
admiration
of
all
who
knew
that
it
was
the
composure
of
a
Youth
of
22
years
old
.
To
tell
you
Truth
,
the
publick
does
not
at
this
time
judge
it
such
a
mean
piece
,
as
the
Author
would
make
them
believe
it
to
be
:
the
multitude
of
Editions
,
and
the
Translations
into
English
and
French
,
warrants
its
being
approved
on
.
XI
.
Des
Cartes
to
exercise
himself
in
the
Mathematicks
with
him
,
and
to
propound
questions
to
be
resolved
by
him
;
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
did
not
acquiesce
in
the
answers
he
made
to
them
.
He
left
behind
him
also
divers
pretty
works
,
that
would
have
past
their
Word
that
he
spent
his
time
well
,
if
he
would
but
have
let
them
see
the
light
;
Amongst
this
juvenile
Works
,
one
finds
his
opinion
concern●ng
the
Souls
of
Brutes
,
or
,
of
Machines
:
Writ
,
twenty
years
before
he
published
his
●rinciple
touching
the
distinction
between
a
Thinking
Substance
,
and
a
Substance
extend●d
.
He
had
not
so
much
as
perused
at
that
Age
St.
Augustin
,
or
Pereira
,
nor
any
other
Author
that
was
capable
to
afford
him
any
●●sight
into
this
Sentiment
,
nay
,
it
moreover
●ppears
,
that
he
never
in
all
his
Life
had
seen
●ereira
,
and
that
it
was
from
some
of
his
Friends
,
and
some
who
envied
him
,
that
he
●ad
the
news
that
they
found
some
resem●lance
between
his
opinion
and
that
of
this
●paniard
.
Nevertheless
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
not
find●●g
that
variety
of
occupation
under
the
Prince
●f
Orange
,
that
he
promis'd
himself
upon
his
●aving
France
,
sought
for
an
opportunity
to
●emove
from
the
Low
Countries
to
serve
●omewhere
else
.
The
news
that
was
brought
●o
Breda
of
the
great
Commotions
of
Germany
,
●wakened
his
Curiosity
of
being
Spectatour
of
the
most
considerable
affair
that
past
in
Eu●ope
.
They
talked
of
a
new
Emperour
,
they
talked
of
the
States
of
Bohemia's
Revolt
against
their
King
,
and
of
a
War
commenced
between
the
Papists
and
Protestants
:
upon
this
●ccount
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
having
a
mind
to
leave
Holland
,
made
use
of
this
pretence
,
viz.
The
little
exercise
the
Cessation
of
Arms
afforded
him
,
which
was
agreed
on
between
the
Prince
of
Orange
his
Forces
,
and
those
of
Marquess
Spinola
,
which
was
to
continue
two
years
longer
,
conformable
to
the
Conventions
of
Truce
.
His
resolution
was
to
pass
into
Germany
,
that
he
might
serve
in
the
Papist
Armys
,
yet
before
he
would
determine
to
enter
into
any
ingagement
,
he
long'd
to
be
present
at
the
Coronation
of
the
new
Emperour
which
was
to
be
performed
in
the
City
of
Francford
.
XII
.
He
departed
from
Breda
in
the
month
of
July
,
Anno
1619.
he
got
to
Madstricht
,
and
from
thence
to
Aix
la
chapelle
,
where
he
learnt
the
State
of
Affairs
of
Germany
;
and
the
preparations
that
City
were
accustomed
to
make
for
the
Coronation
of
the
Emperours
.
Being
come
to
Mentz
he
understood
that
John
Schwichart
the
Elector
,
had
summoned
all
the
other
Electors
of
the
Empire
according
to
the
usual
manner
,
and
had
ordered
them
to
meet
at
Francford
on
the
20th
of
July
to
proceed
to
the
Election
of
a
new
Emperour
.
He
was
in
this
last
City
against
the
time
that
Ferdinand
II.
Des
Cartes
did
not
appear
at
the
first
Ceremony
,
that
respected
the
Election
of
the
King
of
the
Romains
,
by
reason
that
an
order
was
issued
out
to
all
Forreigners
and
Strangers
,
that
is
to
say
,
to
such
that
neither
belonged
to
the
place
,
●●or
to
the
Electors
retinue
,
to
void
the
Town
,
yet
was
he
present
at
the
second
Ceremony
that
concern'd
the
Coronation
of
the
Empe●our
,
and
he
had
the
curiosity
to
behold
once
●or
all
,
what
past
at
it
;
To
the
end
he
might
not
be
ignorant
of
what
the
principal
actours
of
this
World
do
represent
of
most
pompous
and
glorious
upon
the
Theatre
of
the
Universe
.
Before
he
went
to
Francford
;
he
deliberated
with
himself
what
side
he
was
to
be
on
,
BOOK
II.
From
1619.
to
1628.
MOnsieur
Des
Cartes
not
intending
to
serve
otherwise
under
the
D.
October
,
An.
1619.
He
found
himself
in
a
place
so
remote
from
Communication
,
and
so
little
frequented
by
people
,
whose
Conversation
might
afford
him
any
Diversion
,
that
he
even
procured
himself
such
a
privacy
,
as
the
condition
of
his
Ambulatory
Life
could
permit
him
.
Not
being
secure
abroad
,
And
then
he
applies
this
notion
to
Sciences
,
●e
knowledge
of
which
,
or
its
precepts
,
are
●ntrusted
to
Books
,
he
supposeth
that
Sciences
●t
least
those
,
the
Reasons
,
whereof
are
only
probable
,
not
being
backt
by
any
Demonstra●ions
,
having
swell'd
by
little
and
little
,
by
the
Opinions
of
divers
particular
persons
,
and
being
only
Composed
by
the
reflections
of
several
persons
of
different
Intellects
,
do
not
approach
so
near
Truth
,
as
the
down
right
Reasonings
,
that
a
Man
of
indifferent
good
Sense
,
useth
naturally
concerning
things
which
present
themselves
to
him
.
From
thence
he
undertakes
to
proceed
to
Human
Nature
,
The
liberty
he
gave
to
his
Reason
not
meeting
with
any
Obstacle
,
led
him
insensibly
to
the
Subverting
of
all
the
ancient
Systems
;
yet
he
refrain'd
doing
so
,
taking
notice
of
the
indiscretion
he
should
have
been
apt
to
have
blamed
in
another
Man
,
who
should
have
gone
about
to
have
pull'd
down
all
the
Houses
of
a
City
,
under
pretence
to
rebuild
them
after
another
manner
.
Nevertheless
,
as
one
cannot
find
fault
with
a
private
Person
for
,
causing
his
own
to
be
pull'd
down
at
such
time
as
it
threatens
him
with
unavoidable
ruin
,
that
he
may
rear
it
up
again
upon
more
solid
and
substantial
Foundations
:
So
he
was
perswaded
that
it
would
have
been
taken
for
a
piece
of
rashness
in
him
to
desire
the
reforming
of
Sciences
,
or
the
Order
settled
in
the
Schools
for
the
teaching
of
them
;
but
no
body
could
reasonably
blame
him
for
making
tryal
of
it
upon
himself
,
without
incroaching
upon
any
other
.
So
that
he
fully
resolved
once
for
all
to
get
quit
of
all
the
Opinions
he
had
received
and
embraced
,
till
that
time
;
but
it
was
his
in●ent
not
to
exclude
them
quite
out
of
his
Be●ef
,
but
only
that
he
might
substitute
others
●terwards
in
their
room
,
that
should
be
bet●r
,
or
even
to
take
up
the
same
again
if
need
●quired
,
after
he
should
have
verified
them
:
●nd
,
he
believed
,
he
could
find
out
in
this
●articular
,
some
means
or
other
that
might
●ave
that
Effect
as
to
regulate
the
Conduct
●f
his
Life
a
great
deal
better
,
than
if
he
●ould
pretend
to
rear
a
Fabrick
upon
old
●oundations
,
upheld
only
by
a
Company
of
●rinciples
which
he
had
suffer'd
to
be
in●ll'd
into
him
in
his
Youth
,
without
ever
●ving
examined
whether
they
were
true
,
〈◊〉
no.
He
foresaw
notwithstanding
,
that
so
daring
●●d
Novel
a
Project
,
could
not
be
laid
●●t
with
some
difficulty
;
yet
he
was
apt
to
●●tter
himself
,
that
these
difficulties
were
not
●●uperable
,
but
might
admit
of
a
remedy
.
●esides
,
he
did
look
upon
them
no
ways
●omparable
to
those
that
occur
in
the
Refor●ation
of
the
smallest
Matters
relating
to
the
●ublick
;
he
made
a
vast
difference
between
●●at
,
he
went
about
to
destroy
in
himself
,
●●d
those
Publick
Establishments
we
observe
〈◊〉
this
World
,
which
he
compared
to
huge
●odies
,
whose
fall
must
needs
be
very
sad
,
●hich
besides
are
abundantly
more
difficult
〈◊〉
be
erected
again
after
they
are
batter'd
●own
,
than
to
be
propt
up
and
made
to
stand
,
●hen
they
shake
and
totter
.
But
without
●●tending
to
carry
on
his
Designs
as
far
as
the
Interests
of
the
Publick
,
he
cared
only
to
reform
his
own
proper
Thoughts
,
and
did
no●
mean
to
Build
upon
any
Ground
to
which
he
had
not
a
good
Title
.
In
case
of
bad
Success
,
he
thought
he
should
not
be
much
〈◊〉
loser
by
the
Bargain
,
since
that
the
worst
that
could
happen
thereupon
,
could
but
be
th●
loss
of
his
time
and
pains
,
when
all
came
〈◊〉
all
;
which
he
did
not
judge
very
necessar●
to
the
Benefit
of
Mankind
.
In
the
new
Heat
and
Career
of
his
Resol●tions
,
Fauxbou●
St.
Germain
in
Paris
,
and
after
that
;
whilst
〈◊〉
sojourned
at
Breda
.
With
all
these
Dispo●tions
he
had
no
less
to
undergo
,
than
if
he
〈◊〉
been
to
unman
himself
.
He
believed
nevertheless
,
that
he
had
a●complish'd
his
design
,
and
to
speak
the
tru●●
it
was
enough
that
his
Imagination
did
repr●sent
to
him
his
Intellect
quite
naked
,
for
〈◊〉
make
him
believe
that
he
had
effectual●●
brought
it
to
this
condition
,
there
was
n●thing
left
him
but
love
for
truth
,
the
pu●suit
whereof
was
to
make
up
for
the
futur●
●●e
whole
occupation
of
his
life
;
this
admi●stred
the
only
matter
of
torment
he
suf●red
in
his
Spirit
;
but
now
the
means
●hereby
to
come
to
this
happy
Conquest
●casioned
no
less
trouble
and
perplexity
●an
the
end
it self
.
The
Enquiry
he
inten●ed
to
make
after
these
means
,
threw
his
●ind
into
such
violent
Agitations
increasing
●ore
and
more
by
a
continual
Contest
where●ith
he
kept
it
intent
,
without
so
much
as
●●ving
leave
to
his
walking
abroad
,
or
Com●●ions
to
divert
it
from
what
it
was
about
.
●e
wearied
it
out
to
that
degree
that
his
●ain
took
fire
,
and
he
falls
into
a
spice
of
●nthusiasm
which
disposed
his
Mind
,
already
●ite
spent
,
in
such
a
manner
,
that
it
was
〈◊〉
to
receive
the
Impressions
of
Dreams
and
●●sions
.
He
acquaints
us
,
That
on
the
Tenth
of
No●●mber
1619.
laying
himself
down
Brim-full
of
〈◊〉
Enthusiasm
,
and
wholly
possess'd
with
the
●ought
of
having
found
that
day
the
Founda●●ons
of
the
wonderful
Science
,
he
had
Three
●reams
one
presently
after
another
;
yet
so
●●traordinary
,
as
to
make
him
fancy
that
●ey
were
sent
him
from
above
;
he
supposed
●e
discerned
through
their
shadows
the
tracks
●f
the
Path
which
God
had
chalked
out
for
●●m
,
to
perform
his
Will
in
his
choice
of
●ife
;
and
inquiry
after
truth
,
which
was
the
●ccasion
of
all
his
disquiet
;
but
the
Divine
●piritual
Air
,
which
he
took
a
Pride
to
give
〈◊〉
the
Explanation
of
these
Dreams
,
was
so
●ar
a
kin
to
that
Enthusiasm
wherewith
he
believed
himself
to
be
warmed
,
that
a
Man
would
have
been
apt
to
have
believed
that
he
had
been
a
little
Crack-brain'd
,
or
that
he
might
have
drank
a
Cup
too
much
that
Evening
before
he
went
to
Bed
.
It
was
indeed
,
St.
Martin's
Eve
,
and
People
used
to
make
Merry
that
Night
in
the
place
where
he
was
as
they
do
in
France
;
but
he
assures
us
,
that
he
had
been
very
Sober
all
that
Day
,
and
that
Evening
too
and
that
he
had
not
touched
a
drop
of
Wine
for
Three
Weeks
together
.
Whatever
was
the
matter
with
him
,
I
cannot
tell
;
but
the
impression
of
these
Agitation●
made
upon
him
,
caused
him
to
make
several
reflections
the
next
day
what
course
he
should
take
.
Without
presuming
too
much
upon
the
favourable
Construction
he
had
put
upon
his
Dreams
▪
he
had
recourse
to
God
afresh
,
to
beg
of
him
to
give
him
some
Intimations
o●
his
wi●●
,
without
an
Aenigma
;
That
he
would
vouchsafe
to
enlighten
him
,
and
direct
him
〈◊〉
his
research
of
Truth
.
He
endeavoured
also
to
interest
the
Virgin
Mary
in
this
Business
which
he
judged
as
the
most
weighty
important
one
of
his
Life
,
and
taking
occasion
from
a
Journey
he
thought
to
take
into
Italy
,
he
made
a
Vow
of
Pilgrimage
to
our
Lady
o●
Loretto
,
which
he
was
not
capable
to
Perform
till
some
Years
after
.
He
got
quit
of
his
Enthusiasm
a
few
days
after
,
but
altho'
his
Mind
was
reduc'd
to
its
former
Station
,
and
reinstated
in
its
usual●
calmness
,
yet
was
he
no
more
Positive
thann
before
,
touching
what
he
should
resolve●
upon
.
II.
Brethren
of
Rosy
Cross
,
they
gave
them
wonderful
Commendations
often
to
him
,
they
buz'd
in
the
Ear
that
they
were
a
sort
of
Men
which
understood
every
thing
,
and
that
they
promised
to
help
Men
to
a
new-Wisdom
;
that
is
to
say
,
a
new
Science
not
hitherto
discovered
,
adding
all
the
Prodigies
which
every
private
Person
told
him
concerning
it
,
to
the
rumor
that
was
spread
abroad
through
Germany
,
about
these
Fellows
;
He
found
himself
so
much
the
more
concern'd
at
it
,
because
he
received
the
News
at
the
very
time
when
he
was
the
most
busy
concerning
the
Mediums
he
was
to
propound
to
himself
for
the
finding
out
of
Truth
.
He
thought
he
was
ingaged
not
to
be
unconcerned
upon
the
account
of
the
Rosa
Crusians
,
because
,
(
says
he
to
a
Friend
of
his
)
if
these
should
prove
Impostures
,
it
had
been
unlawful
to
let
them
run
away
with
so
much
Reputation
,
ill-gotten
,
at
the
expences
of
the
Peoples
Credulity
;
and
if
so
be
they
were
able
to
produce
any
new
thing
into
the
World
which
is
worth
knowing
,
it
had
been
a
most
base
unworthy
thing
in
him
to
under-value
all
Sciences
amongst
which
he
might
find
one
,
of
whose
Foundation
,
he
might
have
been
ignorant
.
It
was
his
Business
therefore
to
find
out
one
of
these
new
Virtuoso's
,
that
he
might
understand
what
they
were
,
upon
his
Knowledges
,
and
also
confer
with
them
.
But
seeing
one
of
their
Statutes
was
,
not
to
appear
,
what
really
they
were
;
not
to
be
distinguished
from
other
Men
,
neither
by
their
Garb
nor
manner
of
Living
;
nor
to
discover
themselves
in
their
Discourse
,
you
need
not
wonder
if
all
his
Pains
and
Curiosity
came
to
nothing
.
It
was
not
possible
for
him
to
find
out
one
single
Man
,
who
would
really
own
himself
of
that
Fraternity
,
or
that
was
but
so
much
as
suspected
to
be
of
it
:
It
was
an
hundred
to
one
but
he
had
put
the
Society
out
of
the
Predicaments
,
and
rankt
them
amongst
Chimaera's
;
but
that
which
made
him
forbear
to
do
so
,
was
the
great
shew
the
numerous
Apologetical
Pamphlets
made
,
in
favour
of
these
Rosacrusians
,
as
well
in
Latin
as
High
Dutch.
Yet
he
thought
it
not
safe
referring
himself
to
all
these
Apologies
,
whether
it
was
because
his
inclination
induced
him
to
take
these
new
Virtuoso's
for
Impostures
,
or
else
because
renouncing
all
Books
,
he
had
a
mind
to
inure
himself
to
judge
of
nothing
but
upon
his
own
proper
Experience
.
And
this
is
the
reason
why
he
was
free
to
say
some
few
Years
after
,
that
he
knew
nothing
of
the
Rosacrusians
:
he
was
likewise
surprized
that
his
Friends
should
tell
him
,
returning
to
Paris
1623.
that
the
Reputation
he
had
got
of
being
one
of
the
Fraternity
of
the
Rosacrusians
was
well
worth
●is
Sojourning
in
Germany
.
Seeing
himself
thus
frustrated
of
his
hopes
●e
had
entertain'd
to
find
some
body
or
other
●apable
of
encouraging
him
in
the
enquiry
af●er
Truth
▪
de
novo
;
yet
altho
,
this
●incertainty
with
which
his
Mind
was
agitated
,
made
the
difficulties
of
accomplishing
his
design
,
more
sensible
to
him
,
than
if
he
had
forthwith
resolved
upon
it
;
yet
for
all
that
,
he
never
was
discouraged
;
he
still
kept
up
his
Spirits
with
the
Success
he
experienced
in
adjusting
the
Secrets
of
Nature
to
the
Rules
of
Mathematicks
,
according
as
he
made
any
new
discovery
in
Physicks
.
These
Occupations
secured
him
from
Melancholly
Fits
,
and
other
effects
of
Idleness
:
and
they
took
up
his
time
till
the
D.
of
Bavaria
order'd
his
Troops
to
advance
towards
Suabia
.
He
laid
hold
on
this
Opportunity
to
be
at
Vlm
,
an
Imperial
City
,
in
which
the
French
Ambassadors
were
to
hold
an
Assembly
for
Redressing
the
Disorders
committed
in
the
Empire
.
He
arrived
there
only
in
the
Month
of
June
1620
,
but
there
he
spent
the
whole
Winter
.
There
he
got
abundance
of
Acquaintance
with
the
most
Creditable
Persons
in
that
place
,
and
particularly
with
those
who
were
in
any
Reputation
for
their
Abilities
in
Phylosophy
and
Mathematicks
:
No
Body
was
ever
more
esteemed
for
his
acquaintance
,
in
that
Country
,
than
John
Faulhaber
,
nor
did
ever
any
one
more
than
he
approve
of
the
capacity
of
a
young
Souldier
,
who
presently
made
him
mend
his
pace
in
Mathematicks
.
Some
suppose
,
that
then
by
means
of
a
Parabole
,
he
found
out
the
Art
of
the
Construction
of
all
sorts
of
solid
Problems
in
general
,
reduct
to
an
aequation
of
three
or
four
Dimentions
:
Which
occurs
plainly
,
Demonstrated
in
the
third
Book
of
Geometry
.
Towards
the
end
of
September
,
Bethlem
Galer
,
Pr.
of
Transylvania
:
But
having
learnt
,
that
the
D
of
Bavaria
had
ordered
his
Troops
to
march
into
Bohemia
,
in
stead
of
following
the
Ambassadors
into
Hungary
,
he
went
from
Vienna
,
straight
to
his
Camp
,
and
was
in
person
,
in
the
Expedition
of
the
Imperial
Catholicks
and
Bavarians
,
and
above
all
,
at
the
Famous
Battel
of
Prague
,
into
which
he
entred
,
together
with
the
Victors
.
Some
Authors
dare
suppose
,
that
he
made
use
of
this
opportunity
,
to
visit
those
Famous
Machines
of
Tyco-Bra●●e
the
Astronomer
:
But
were
plundered
above
a
year
before
,
and
either
broken
in
pieces
,
or
●ut
out
of
order
by
the
Elector
Palatins
Ar●y
,
and
the
great
Caelestial
Globe
of
Brass
,
●he
only
one
they
had
the
good
fortune
to
save
●as
Transported
to
Neice
in
Silesia
,
and
depo●ed
at
the
Jesuits
Colledge
.
After
the
taking
of
Prague
,
de
Bucquoy
.
M.
Des
Cartes
●ame
to
pass
the
Winter
Quarters
with
a
par●y
of
the
Troops
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
had
●eft
upon
the
extremities
of
South-Bohemia
,
●here
he
sets
himself
again
to
work
upon
his
●sual
Meditations
upon
Nature
,
exercising
●imself
in
the
praeludiums
of
this
great
design
,
and
improving
the
advantage
he
had
in
his
Hand
,
to
live
alone
amongst
those
,
whose
liberty
of
Drinking
and
Playing
,
he
could
not
●easonably
envy
,
so
long
as
they
left
him
to
his
●iberty
of
Studying
.
Nevertheless
,
he
found
himself
hard
put
to
it
,
in
not
resolving
upon
something
,
besides
he
knew
not
what
to
determine
in
respect
of
his
choice
of
a
way
of
living
,
answerable
to
his
Designs
:
He
defer'd
the
deciding
of
it
till
another
time
,
and
on
purpose
to
give
some
diversion
to
his
Troubles
,
he
resolved
once
more
to
take
a
Musquet
,
and
to
weather
out
another
Campaign
.
The
desire
to
be
acquainted
with
other
Countries
,
and
other
Manners
,
caused
him
to
quit
the
Duke
of
Bavaria's
Service
towards
the
end
of
March
,
1621.
that
he
might
List
himself
into
the
Troops
of
Count
of
Bucquoy
,
passing
out
of
Hungary
,
into
Bohemia
;
April
ensuing
,
he
was
with
him
at
the
Seige
of
Presbourg
,
Tinaw
,
and
several
other
places
,
wherein
some
suppose
,
he
Signalized
himself
;
but
the
raising
of
the
Siege
of
New-Hausell
,
which
had
not
been
so
successful
to
the
Imperalists
,
as
the
others
,
added
to
the
loss
of
his
General
,
who
was
Slain
there
,
put
him
so
out
of
humour
,
that
he
had
no
stomack
to
the
profession
of
Arms.
It
will
be
to
no
purpose
,
IV.
Wherefore
chusing
for
his
future
Voyages
,
the
Great
Book
of
the
World
:
Wherein
he
maketh
account
to
find
out
true
Science
,
dispairing
to
find
it
any
where
else
,
except
in
this
Volum
opened
to
every
ones
view
,
and
in
himself
,
according
to
his
perswasion
,
that
the
Seeds
which
God
hath
Sown
in
us
,
are
not
so
totally
stifled
by
ignorance
;
or
other
effects
of
sin
.
According
to
these
principles
,
he
intended
that
these
Voyages
and
Travels
,
should
serve
him
to
make
trial
upon
himself
,
in
the
Accidents
and
Occurrences
fortune
should
propose
to
him
,
and
that
they
might
put
him
upon
making
Advantagious
reflexions
upon
every
thing
that
presented
it self
,
and
became
profitable
to
him
,
for
the
Conduct
of
his
Life
;
For
he
flatter'd
himself
with
the
hopes
of
finding
more
of
truth
in
the
reasoning
private
persons
use
,
touching
their
own
concerns
;
than
in
those
which
a
great
Schollar
shut
up
in
his
Study
,
useth
upon
Speculations
,
which
ordinarily
produce
no
other
effects
,
than
Vanity
and
Haughtiness
,
and
sometimes
he
prides
himself
the
more
in
them
,
by
how
much
they
are
for
the
most
part
more
dissonant
to
common
Sense
,
after
he
hath
labour'd
and
set
all
his
Wits
upon
the
Rack
,
to
make
them
probable
.
But
to
speak
the
truth
,
when
he
applyed
himself
only
,
narrowly
to
survey
the
manners
of
other
Men
,
he
found
very
little
in
them
,
whereby
he
could
make
himself
sure
of
any
thing
.
He
perceived
in
a
manner
,
as
great
a
diversity
in
them
,
as
he
had
before
met
with
,
in
the
Opinions
of
Philosophers
:
So
that
the
greatest
Advantage
that
occurred
to
him
by
that
inquiry
,
was
,
that
seeing
several
things
,
how
extravagant
and
ridiculous
soever
they
may
appear
to
us
,
yet
do
not
cease
for
all
that
,
to
be
commonly
received
and
approved
of
by
other
People
;
he
learnt
at
last
,
not
to
believe
any
thing
upon
slight
grounds
,
and
not
stifly
and
peremptorily
to
stand
up
for
that
which
both
Example
and
Custom
had
formerly
perswaded
him
to
be
right
.
Leaving
Hungary
,
he
took
another
turn
into
Moravia
,
where
he
joyned
the
Emperors
Forces
,
under
the
Count
Bucquoy
.
He
visited
Selesia
,
the
utmost
parts
of
Poland
,
Pomerania
,
●he
Coasts
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
the
Marquisate
of
Brandenbourg
,
and
descended
into
Holstein
;
from
whence
,
after
he
had
turned
off
his
re●●nue
,
he
Embarqued
,
but
with
one
Man-Ser●ant
for
East-Freez-Land
:
when
he
had
examin'd
it
in
a
few
days
,
as
he
had
done
the
other
Provinces
of
Germany
,
he
put
again
to
sea
,
with
a
Resolution
to
go
a
shore
in
West-Freez-Land
,
the
principal
places
of
which
he
●ong'd
mightily
to
see
likewise
;
that
he
might
do
it
with
the
more
freedom
,
he
hired
a
small
Boat
for
himself
,
and
so
much
the
rather
,
because
it
was
a
short
cut
from
Embden
,
to
the
first
Landing
place
of
West-Freez-Land
.
But
this
putting
things
in
order
,
Des
Cartes
,
had
no
other
to
converse
with
,
but
his
valet
,
with
whom
he
spoke
French
.
The
Marriners
who
took
him
rather
for
a
foreign
Merchant
,
then
a
Cavallier
,
thought
he
must
have
good
store
of
Money
about
him
;
this
made
them
take
a
Resolution
,
which
was
by
no
means
favourable
to
his
pocket
,
and
that
they
might
deprive
him
of
means
to
tell
Tails
,
they
had
thoughts
of
making
him
away
:
They
perceived
he
was
a
Stranger
,
come
from
some
remote
Country
,
who
had
small
acquaintance
in
the
Country
,
and
that
no
Body
would
prosecute
them
,
if
he
chanced
to
be
missing
,
they
found
him
of
a
very
sedate
,
very
patient
humour
,
and
judging
by
the
mildness
of
Countenance
,
and
the
Civility
he
shewed
them
,
that
he
was
a
person
of
no
Experience
in
the
World
,
from
these
circumstances
,
they
concluded
they
should
have
his
Life
at
〈◊〉
cheaper
rate
;
they
made
no
scruple
to
hold
their
Counsel
before
his
Face
,
not
knowing
that
he
understood
any
other
Language
besides
that
,
in
which
he
Discourst
with
his
valet
de
Chambre
;
at
last
,
the
result
of
their
Deliberation
,
was
to
knock
him
on
the
Head
,
to
fling
him
into
the
water
,
and
divide
the
Spoil
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
seeing
they
were
in
earnest
,
starts
up
all
on
a
suddain
,
puts
on
another
Countenance
,
draws
his
Sword
with
that
stearness
they
little
expected
,
speaks
to
them
in
their
own
Tongue
,
but
with
such
a
Tone
,
that
frightned
them
out
of
their
Wits
;
and
withal
,
threatning
to
run
them
through
,
if
they
durst
but
hold
up
a
finger
against
him
.
It
was
upon
this
occasion
,
that
he
perceived
what
resoluteness
of
a
Man
may
do
,
upon
your
pittiful
Low-spirited
Souls
.
Such
a
resoluteness
as
is
above
a
Mans
power
to
execute
,
a
resoluteness
,
which
upon
other
occasions
,
might
pass
for
a
meer
Bravado
,
such
an
one
as
he
shewed
upon
this
occasion
,
produced
a
wonderful
effect
upon
the
Spirits
of
these
wretches
,
the
cruel
fright
they
were
seized
with
,
was
followed
with
amazement
,
that
they
knew
not
how
to
make
use
of
their
Advantage
,
but
brought
him
without
any
more
adoe
,
to
the
●lace
whither
he
was
bound
,
as
peaceably
as
●e
could
wish
.
V.
From
West-Friez-Land
,
He
was
at
that
time
26
years
of
Age
Compleat
,
and
his
Father
seeing
him
present
,
took
occasion
of
his
being
at
Age
to
settleupon
him
his
Mothers
Joynture
,
of
which
he
had
given
two
Portions
to
Monsieur
La
Bretailliere
,
and
to
Madam
du
Crevis
,
that
were
elder
than
he
,
seeing
that
all
his
Estate
was
in
Paictou
,
he
had
the
curiosity
to
go
view
it
,
on
purpose
to
see
how
he
could
improve
it
to
the
best
advantage
,
he
departed
for
that
Province
in
May
,
and
at
that
time
,
fain
would
have
a
good
Chapman
to
have
bought
it
,
that
with
that
Money
,
he
might
buy
some
place
suitable
to
him
,
he
returned
about
the
latter
end
of
Summer
to
his
Father
,
the
year
slipt
away
before
any
one
of
his
kindred
could
make
him
any
overtures
concerning
what
kind
of
life
he
should
betake
himself
to
.
Having
little
or
nothing
to
do
at
his
Fathers
House
,
Count
Mansfield
,
and
the
conferring
the
Prince
Palatins
Electorat
to
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
ratified
at
Ratisbon
,
the
25th
.
of
February
aforegoing
,
furnished
matter
enough
,
for
publick
Discourses
.
He
was
well
stockt
with
matter
,
where-withal
to
satisfie
his
Friends
,
as
to
that
point
,
but
in
requital
,
they
imparted
to
him
some
news
,
that
created
them
a
great
deal
of
sorrow
.
It
was
but
t'other
day
,
that
Men
began
to
speak
of
the
fraternity
of
the
Rosacrusians
at
Paris
,
which
he
sought
up
and
down
in
Germany
,
and
all
to
no
purpose
,
in
1619.
in
Winter
,
and
some
began
to
spread
abroad
a
report
,
as
if
he
had
admitted
himself
into
that
fraternity
.
He
was
so
much
the
more
surprised
at
this
News
;
au
marais
du
Temple
Paris
,
but
that
●●ey
could
not
Communicate
their
concep●●ns
to
the
World
,
neither
could
any
Com●nicate
his
to
them
,
but
by
their
thoughts
●n'd
with
their
Will
,
that
is
to
say
in
a
man●●
imperceptible
by
sense
.
Chance
,
that
had
made
their
pretended
ar●al
in
Paris
to
jump
with
that
of
Monsieur
〈◊〉
Cartes
,
would
have
produced
very
ill
●●ects
in
reference
to
his
reputation
,
had
he
●ne
about
to
abscond
,
or
had
he
but
retir'd
to
some
solitude
in
the
City
,
as
he
had
done
●●fore
his
Travels
,
but
was
so
happy
as
to
confound
those
thoughts
,
to
improve
this
con●●cture
to
confirm
their
calumny
.
He
ap●●ar'd
before
the
face
of
the
World
,
but
es●●cially
to
his
Friends
,
who
desired
no
other
●●gument
to
be
persuaded
that
he
was
not
a
●ember
of
the
Fraternity
of
the
Rosacrucians
〈◊〉
Invisibles
,
yea
,
and
made
use
of
the
reason
〈◊〉
their
Invisibility
to
excuse
himself
to
his
●riend
,
in
as
much
as
he
had
not
been
able
〈◊〉
discover
any
one
of
them
in
Germany
.
His
presence
above
all
things
was
a
means
〈◊〉
calm
the
agitation
,
wherein
his
Friend
Fa●●er
Mersennus
was
in
,
whom
they
sent
for
●ack
again
to
Paris
at
the
end
of
1619.
this
●lse
report
had
so
much
the
more
easily
●ext
and
troubled
him
,
as
he
was
less
apt
to
●elieve
that
the
Rosacrucians
were
Invisible
,
●●r
the
Spring
of
a
Chymaera
,
considering
●hat
several
Germans
,
together
with
Robert
●ludd
an
Englishman
had
delivered
in
favour
of
them
.
VI.
Des
Cartes
saw
in
Paris
,
was
not
capable
o●
filling
up
all
the
vacancies
of
his
stay
there
▪
nor
yet
to
keep
him
always
busied
out
of
himself
.
Whenever
he
was
with
himself
,
h●●self
always
his
disturbance
coming
upon
him
concerning
his
choise
of
a
way
of
livelyhood
agreeable
to
his
vocation
,
and
that
might
b●
convenient
for
the
executing
some
designs
h●
had
in
his
head
concerning
finding
out
Truth
▪
The
settlement
wherein
he
saw
the
most
par●●
of
his
Friends
,
each
of
them
placed
in
advan●tagious
Posts
for
their
Life
,
signified
nothin●
for
the
fixing
his
resolutions
.
His
own
experience
had
convinced
him
along
time
agoe
of
the
small
benefit
of
Math●
maticks
,
it
was
above
15
years
that
he
professe●
he
had
quite
laid
aside
Geometry
,
and
would
neve●
more
me●●le
with
the
solution
of
any
Probleme
,
b●●
only
at
the
request
of
some
friend
.
He
sees
nothing
less
solid
than
for
a
Man
to
busie
himself
about
pure
simple
numbers
,
and
●maginary
Figures
,
without
having
any
fur●er
design
,
nay
he
found
something
in
it
●ore
than
unprofitable
,
and
he
knew
very
●ell
it
was
of
dangerous
consequence
to
ap●●y
ones
self
too
seriously
,
to
these
superficial
●●emonstrations
which
hazard
supply'd
us
with
,
●ftner
than
industry
and
experience
,
and
are
●ather
to
be
judged
of
by
the
Eyes
and
Imagi●ation
,
than
by
the
Understanding
.
His
Maxime
was
that
this
same
serious
application
●oth
insensibly
accustome
us
,
not
to
make
●se
of
our
Reason
,
and
evidently
exposeth
us
●o
loose
the
high
Road
,
that
its
Light
Chalks
●ut
for
us
.
But
we
may
acknowledge
that
he
did
not
●ive
over
the
particular
Study
of
Arithmetick
●nd
Geometry
,
Now
that
is
the
ridling
of
the
difficulty
,
Des
Cartes
had
quite
and
clean
forsaken
Mathematicks
,
at
such
a
time
that
it
was
no
longer
in
his
choice
to
be
ignorant
of
them
,
he
practised
likewise
some
attempts
upon
himself
to
discard
the
study
o●
Physicks
or
Natural
Philosophy
.
Finding
abundance
of
discouragement
in
the
little
certainty
he
took
notice
of
in
his
Observations
.
Being
resolutely
bent
to
apply
himself
to
nothing
but
the
Art
of
living
well
,
he
set
himself
again
to
the
Study
of
morality
,
for
which
he
had
testified
already
,
before
he
went
to
Travel
,
a
great
predilection
,
and
one
may
lawfully
say
he
was
as
good
as
his
Word
,
for
he
loved
it
to
his
latter
end
.
But
it
was
without
ostentation
,
and
more
for
the
regulating
his
own
behaviour
than
that
of
others
.
Yet
it
was
not
long
before
he
was
persuaded
that
the
study
of
Natural
Phylosophy
,
was
not
altogether
useless
in
tha●
of
Morality
,
and
that
the
Progress
he
could
make
,
in
discerning
of
true
and
false
,
would
stand
him
in
great
s●ead
for
regulating
his
actions
.
That
caused
him
to
return
to
his
Observation
upon
Nature
,
being
persuaded
,
That
the
most
certain
means
to
know
how
we
ought
to
live
,
is
to
know
before
hand
what
kind
of
Creatures
we
are
,
what
kind
of
World
it
is
we
live
in
,
and
who
is
the
Creator
of
this
Universe
which
we
inhabit
.
He
hath
oftentimes
since
declared
,
That
the
insight
he
had
acquired
into
Physick
,
had
been
very
serviceable
to
him
in
establishing
certain
Foundations
in
Morality
or
Ethicks
.
And
that
it
was
abundant
more
easie
for
him
to
find
the
satisfaction
he
lookt
for
in
this
point
,
than
in
several
others
that
related
to
Physick
or
Medicine
altho'
he
had
employed
more
of
his
time
therein
—
So
●hat
after
all
these
inquiries
he
might
boast
,
●ot
so
much
that
he
had
found
out
the
means
●o
preserve
Life
,
but
,
that
,
of
not
being
●fraid
of
Death
,
and
that
he
prepar'd
himself
for
it
,
exempt
from
the
disquiet
common
to
those
whose
Wisdom
is
derived
from
other
Mens
indoctrinements
,
grounded
upon
Foundations
,
that
depend
only
upon
the
Prudence
and
Authority
of
other
Men.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
was
two
months
and
upward
in
Paris
entertaining
his
Friends
with
the
Discourse
of
this
elusion
that
had
possest
him
,
He
sometimes
took
much
pleasure
in
dissembling
his
Resolutions
,
and
the
least
occasion
they
presented
him
with
,
to
resolve
a
Problem
,
or
to
make
an
experiment
,
were
unavoidable
snares
for
him
.
The
perplexity
of
his
Mind
,
joyned
to
the
necessity
of
regulating
his
affairs
,
made
him
go
back
into
Britany
towards
the
beginning
of
May
,
thence
he
goes
into
Poictou
,
and
in
June
and
July
,
during
his
sojourning
there
,
he
sold
the
greatest
part
of
his
Estate
with
his
Fathers
consent
;
he
had
it
from
his
Mother
,
and
especially
the
Lordship
of
Perron
,
which
was
his
Title
he
bore
to
satisfie
his
Relations
.
VII
.
That
a
journey
beyond
the
Alpes
,
would
be
much
to
his
advantage
for
the
instructing
him
in
business
,
and
gain
some
experience
in
the
World
,
and
get
acquaintance
with
men
verst
in
Worldly
affairs
,
which
he
had
not
yet
done
,
adding
,
that
,
tho'
he
might
not
return
Richer
,
yet
at
least
he
would
come
back
from
thence
more
capable
for
business
.
He
took
his
Way
through
Switzerland
,
resolving
to
visit
what
he
had
not
yet
seen
in
high
Germany
in
his
first
Travels
.
It
had
been
an
easie
matter
for
him
to
have
found
at
Basil
,
Zurich
,
and
other
Cities
store
of
Philosophers
and
Mathematicians
capable
to
entertain
him
in
Discourse
:
but
he
was
more
curious
to
see
Waters
,
Minerals
,
Mountains
,
the
Air
of
every
Country
with
its
Meteors
,
and
generally
what
was
at
the
greatest
distance
from
frequenting
Mens
Company
,
that
he
might
know
the
Nature
of
things
which
appear
to
be
least
known
to
the
Vulgar
Learned
;
when
he
passed
through
any
City
he
saw
your
Learned
Men
but
just
as
others
,
he
observed
their
actions
no
less
than
their
discourse
.
In
July
he
past
into
the
Country
of
the
Grisons
amongst
which
the
commotions
in
the
Valtoline
retained
him
some
time
.
He
continued
his
Journey
through
the
County
of
Ty●ol
,
from
whence
he
came
to
Venice
toward
●ogation
time
,
there
to
behold
the
Ceremony
of
the
Doge
or
Dukes
Marrying
the
Adriae●ick
Sea
,
from
Venice
,
he
thought
of
discharging
his
duty
he
imposed
upon
himself
in
Germany
in
Nov.
1619.
of
paying
his
Vow
to
the
Lady
of
Loretto
,
which
he
could
perform
at
that
time
.
His
Vow
fulfilled
,
he
had
Leisure
,
before
he
went
to
Rome
,
to
think
of
some
Domestick
business
,
which
served
him
amongst
his
Friends
for
a
pretence
to
Travel
.
The
pretence
was
to
try
if
he
could
get
to
be
Intendant
of
the
French
Army
in
Piedmont
under
the
Constable
Les
diguieres
in
which
he
had
no
good
success
.
The
occasion
of
a
Jubilee
of
25
years
the
opening
of
which
was
to
be
performed
on
Christmas
Eve
,
to
continue
the
whole
year
after
,
produced
in
his
Mind
some
stirrings
of
Devotion
,
altho'
his
prime
motive
was
nothing
else
at
first
but
the
curiosity
of
seeing
Rome
,
and
the
Popes
Court.
There
arrived
in
the
City
about
the
latter
end
of
November
,
a
prodigious
concourse
of
People
flocking
thither
from
all
parts
of
the
Popish
Europe
,
this
appear'd
so
favourable
to
the
passion
he
always
had
to
know
Mankind
by
his
own
proper
knowledge
,
that
instead
of
spending
his
time
in
examining
Edifices
,
Statues
,
Paintings
,
Antiquities
,
Manuscripts
and
other
rarities
of
Ancient
and
New
Rome
,
he
betook
himself
particularly
to
the
Study
of
Inclinations
,
Manners
,
Dispositions
,
and
Characters
of
Mind
in
the
Crowd
and
Medly
of
so
many
different
Nations
.
This
conveniency
gave
a
dispensation
of
travelling
further
,
and
stay'd
his
longing
to
go
even
to
the
very
Heart
of
Sicily
and
Spain
,
there
to
find
out
the
People
that
remain'd
to
be
seen
by
him
.
VIII
.
Joseph
Barberini
the
Pope's
Nephew
(
whose
esteem
and
friendship
he
had
won
)
embarqued
in
order
to
be
Legat
at
the
Court
of
the
most
Christian
King
;
but
for
his
part
he
desired
to
return
home
by
Land
,
not
to
lose
the
opportunity
of
seeing
a
Country
he
was
over-joy'd
to
know
.
He
past
through
Tuscany
,
where
he
did
not
fail
to
render
a
visit
to
the
renowned
Gallilaeus
,
if
we
may
give
credit
to
those
who
have
mentioned
his
Journey
into
Italy
;
but
that
was
writ
only
upon
false
Relations
,
and
we
are
obliged
to
acknowledge
upon
his
own
confession
that
he
had
never
seen
that
Mathematician
,
and
that
he
had
no
correspondence
with
him
.
Men
did
nothing
but
talk
of
the
Expeditions
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
and
the
Constable
Les
Diguires
were
going
to
make
upon
the
Genueze
and
Spaniard
,
which
afforded
M.
Des
Cartes
the
Curiosity
just
as
he
went
out
of
Tuscany
to
go
take
a
view
of
the
Army
of
the
Constable
,
whom
he
found
very
busie
at
the
Siege
of
Gavi
,
when
he
arrived
in
his
Camp
,
the
City
taken
the
last
of
April
,
he
had
still
a
mind
to
be
eye-witness
to
one
part
of
the
wonderful
progress
●he
D.
of
Savoy's
Army
made
.
Thence
he
went
〈◊〉
Turin
towards
the
month
of
May
,
but
passing
●hrough
the
Country
of
Suza
to
re-enter
France
,
he
turn'd
aside
towards
Savoy
to
exa●ine
the
height
of
the
Alps.
It
was
upon
this
●ccasion
that
after
some
observations
made
upon
Snow
,
first
heated
,
and
then
made
hea●ier
by
the
heat
of
the
Sun
,
which
the
least
motion
of
Air
make
to
fall
one
upon
another
with
an
huge
noise
,
that
he
was
confident
he
guessed
at
the
cause
of
Thunder
,
and
found
out
the
reason
why
it
Thunders
seldomer
in
Winter
than
Summer
.
IX
.
Taking
Lodgings
at
the
house
of
Monsieur
le
Vasseur
d'Etoiles
,
de
Vasseur
now
living
,
Councellor
in
the
Grand
Chambre
,
he
procured
himself
a
kind
of
Settlement
in
Paris
;
where
drawing
up
a
Model
of
deportment
or
conduct
concerning
the
manner
of
living
,
which
all
gentile
well-bred
men
of
the
World
are
wont
to
prescribe
to
themselves
he
embraced
the
most
plain
,
simple
kind
o●
life
,
the
most
remote
from
singularity
and
affectation
he
could
possibly
think
on
.
Ther●
was
nothing
in
his
house
but
what
was
prett●
common
,
his
Furniture
and
Table
very
clea●
and
neat
,
but
without
superfluity
:
He
was
served
by
a
few
Valets
:
He
marched
th●
streets
without
any
at
his
heels
,
with
a
Suit
〈◊〉
single
Taffity
,
which
was
Alamode
in
thos●
days
,
not
wearing
a
Plume
of
Feathers
,
Sca●●
and
Rapier
but
as
badges
of
his
Quality
;
fo●
no
Gentlemen
at
that
time
could
be
dispens
〈◊〉
with
to
wear
otherwise
.
He
had
put
off
till
he
had
finished
his
Travels
,
his
pitching
upon
a
stable
profession
for
the
remainder
of
his
days
.
But
as
he
appeared
not
at
all
to
have
mended
his
pace
in
deliberating
,
and
was
as
much
to
seek
as
at
the
beginning
,
yet
for
all
that
he
did
insensibly
confirm
himself
in
the
thoughts
of
not
being
subject
to
any
employ
,
not
but
that
be
made
a
second
serious
review
of
the
several
occupations
that
Men
of
this
World
follow
,
on
purpose
to
try
if
he
could
find
one
,
which
he
could
handsomely
manage
,
and
might
be
conformable
to
the
dispositions
of
his
Spirit
.
But
having
examin'd
every
thing
by
the
touchstone
of
Reason
,
he
found
at
length
that
he
could
do
nothing
better
than
to
continue
in
that
Occupation
which
he
then
actually
followed
,
since
he
had
got
shut
of
all
the
prejudices
of
his
Education
.
This
occupation
did
solely
consist
in
imploying
his
whole
Life
to
●ultivate
and
improve
his
Reason
,
and
to
make
the
greatest
progress
he
possibly
could
〈◊〉
the
knowledge
of
Truth
,
conformable
to
●he
method
he
had
prescribed
to
himself
.
He
did
not
find
himself
,
He
appear'd
upon
all
occasions
so
very
jealous
of
his
Liberty
,
that
he
could
not
dissemble
the
aversion
he
had
conceiv'd
,
for
all
the
engagements
that
are
apt
to
deprive
us
of
our
indifference
to
our
actions
,
not
that
he
would
pretend
to
find
fault
with
the
Laws
,
which
are
for
remedying
the
inconstancy
of
weak
Spirits
,
or
for
setling
sureness
in
the
commerce
of
Life
,
permit
men
to
make
Vows
or
Contracts
obliging
those
who
voluntarily
and
lawfully
make
them
,
to
persevere
in
what
they
undertake
.
Yet
seeing
nothing
that
continues
in
the
same
state
and
condition
,
and
promising
to
himself
to
perfect
his
judgement
still
more
and
more
,
he
thought
he
should
have
trespas●
against
Sense
and
Reason
,
if
he
had
taken
upon
him
to
take
a
thing
for
good
,
when
it
ceased
so
to
be
,
or
to
appear
to
him
to
be
such
▪
upon
pretence
that
he
might
have
found
i●
good
another
time
.
In
respect
of
these
actions
of
his
Life
which
he
believed
could
not
admit
of
delay
,
when
he
was
not
in
a
condition
to
discern
the
truest
opinions
,
he
always
stuck
close
to
those
that
were
probable
.
If
it
so
happened
that
he
met
not
with
more
probability
in
some
of
them
,
than
he
did
in
others
,
yet
did
he
not
cease
to
determine
upon
one
,
and
not
to
consider
them
afterward
,
as
dubious
in
respect
of
practice
,
but
as
very
true
and
certain
,
because
that
he
found
that
the
reason
he
had
to
determine
and
pitch
upon
one
,
was
such
as
by
this
means
he
acquired
the
habit
of
delivering
himself
from
repentings
and
remorses
,
which
usually
rack
the
Consciences
of
weak
and
unstable
Spirits
,
who
are
induced
but
too
rashly
to
practise
as
good
,
the
things
which
they
judge
afterwards
to
be
evil
.
Being
persuaded
that
his
Will
never
inclin'd
him
to
pursue
or
avoid
any
thing
,
but
so
far
forth
as
his
understanding
did
represent
it
to
him
good
or
evil
,
he
thought
it
sufficed
him
,
to
judge
well
for
to
do
well
,
that
is
to
say
,
to
acquire
all
Vertues
,
and
all
the
benefits
they
are
able
to
produce
.
With
these
inward
dispositions
he
lived
in
〈◊〉
appearance
after
the
same
manner
as
they
〈◊〉
,
who
being
out
of
employment
,
think
of
●●thing
else
but
to
live
a
sweet
peaceable
in●●cent
Life
in
the
Eyes
of
Men
,
studying
to
〈◊〉
their
leave
of
the
pleasures
that
attend
●ice
,
and
that
they
may
enjoy
their
leisure
●●me
,
without
thinking
it
tedious
,
have
re●ourse
now
and
then
to
honest
divertisements
.
●o
that
his
deportment
having
nothing
that
●mell'd
of
singularity
in
it
,
capable
of
produ●ing
ill
effects
in
the
Eyes
or
Imagination
of
others
,
no
body
contrived
to
put
an
obstacle
to
the
continuation
of
his
designs
,
and
he
,
for
his
part
proceeded
day
by
day
,
in
his
inquiry
into
Truth
in
relation
to
natural
things
.
X.
Des
Cartes
had
procured
himself
a
kind
of
settlement
in
Paris
,
yet
was
he
not
so
constant
in
his
residence
,
during
his
year
and
half
abode
there
,
but
that
he
afforded
himself
from
time
to
time
,
the
liberty
to
take
a
walk
into
the
Fields
,
and
even
sometimes
to
undertake
Journeys
into
his
Country
.
Some
few
weeks
after
his
return
from
Italy
,
the
desire
of
seeing
the
Court
of
France
again
,
made
him
take
a
turn
to
Fontainbleau
where
he
met
with
an
opportunity
to
salute
the
Legate
,
whom
he
had
not
seen
since
his
departure
from
Rome
.
He
made
use
of
his
credit
he
gain'd
at
Court
with
him
,
to
recommend
to
him
some
learned
persons
of
his
friends
,
namely
Monsieur
Balzac
,
whose
cause
he
defended
before
this
Cardinal
against
Father
Gorela
General
of
the
Feuillans
.
After
a
Journey
he
took
the
year
following
with
Monsieur
Vasseur
his
Landlord
and
Relation
,
he
went
and
took
him
a
Lodging
in
the
Fauxbourg
St.
Germain
,
to
live
more
retired
and
private
,
but
it
was
not
such
an
easie
matter
as
it
was
before
,
in
the
days
of
his
leisure
:
his
old
acquaintance
,
especially
Monsieur
Mydorge
and
Father
Mersennus
,
had
so
far
spread
abroad
his
Reputation
,
that
in
a
short
time
he
found
himself
worn
out
with
frequent
visits
,
and
the
place
of
his
retirement
changed
into
a
Rendezvouse
of
Conferences
.
He
could
by
no
means
hinder
the
number
of
his
Friends
from
multiplying
,
yet
nevertheless
He
was
his
own
Master
as
to
the
choice
He
made
of
them
.
The
chief
of
his
Friends
,
besides
Monsieur
Balzac
whom
we
but
just
now
mention'd
,
was
M.
Hardy
a
Counsellour
in
the
Chastelet
,
a
very
able
Man
in
Mathematicks
,
and
abundance
of
Languages
;
M.
de
Beaune
,
Sieur
de
Gouliou
Counsellour
in
the
Presidial
of
Blois
,
one
of
the
greatest
Wits
of
his
Time
,
in
respect
of
Mathematicks
;
M.
Morinus
Regius
Professour
of
Mathematicks
in
Paris
,
Doctor
of
Physick
,
Father
Gibeuf
Doctor
of
the
Sorbonne
,
Priest
of
the
Oratory
,
one
of
the
greatest
Divines
of
his
Age
;
Father
dela
Barde
;
Father
de
Sancy
;
Father
de
Goneren
,
all
of
the
same
Congregation
,
besides
Cardinal
de
Berulle
who
was
head
of
it
;
M.
Des
Argues
a
Gentleman
of
Lyons
,
an
able
Mathematician
,
and
Mechanick
;
M.
de
Boissate
,
a
Gentleman
●f
Dauphine
,
whom
he
saw
at
the
Siege
of
●avi
;
M.
de
Serizay
Comptroller
of
the
house
of
the
D.
de
la
Rochefoucault
;
M.
Sarazin
Se●retary
to
the
Prince
of
Conty
;
M.
Silhon
,
a
Gentleman
of
Gaseoigny
;
M.
Frenicle
Sieur
de
●essy
;
M.
Jumeau
,
Prior
of
St.
Cross
,
who
●ent
for
one
of
the
greatest
Arithmeticians
of
that
Age
,
as
did
M.
Frenicle
,
Jumeau
had
●een
Tutor
to
M.
the
Duke
de
Vernevil
;
M.
de
Marande
.
Recorder
of
the
Court
of
Aides
.
M.
the
Abbot
de
Launay
;
M.
de
Barreau
;
M.
the
Abbot
de
Touchelaye
the
Elder
;
M.
de
Gandais
;
M.
de
Ville
Arnou
;
M.
de
Ville
Bressieux
,
a
Physitian
of
Grenoble
,
and
a
great
many
more
besides
;
of
whom
we
shall
name
none
besides
M.
de
Picot
Prior
of
Rouvre
,
who
would
fain
have
been
his
correspondent
afterwards
,
and
his
agent
concerning
his
Domestick
affairs
.
XII
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
himself
,
Des
Cartes
,
who
took
a
particular
affection
for
him
,
not
being
content
to
employ
him
after
a
way
that
might
raise
his
Fortune
,
was
moreover
willing
to
instruct
him
,
after
what
manner
he
might
perfect
himself
in
his
Art
.
Nevertheless
he
perceived
himself
up
to
the
ears
again
in
abstruse
Sciences
,
Des
Cartes
is
quite
out
of
love
with
Company
.
which
he
had
declined
;
he
retires
once
again
,
seeing
how
few
People
there
was
in
Paris
,
with
whom
he
might
Communicate
his
Notions
.
But
sets
himself
again
with
more
earnestness
,
than
ever
to
the
Study
of
Man
,
in
which
he
had
made
so
●dvantagious
progress
during
his
Travels
:
This
Study
let
him
sufficiently
understand
,
that
these
●bstracted
Sciences
,
are
not
too
necessary
and
●onvenient
for
us
,
and
he
himself
in
diveing
in●o
them
,
was
more
at
a
loss
,
than
they
who
were
●gnorant
of
them
;
he
thought
to
have
found
〈◊〉
least
,
amongst
so
many
generous
Souls
,
ma●y
Companions
in
his
Study
of
Man
,
since
it
is
●hat
Study
that
is
most
convenient
,
and
agrees
●est
with
us
;
but
he
found
he
was
mistaken
,
●nd
he
observed
,
that
in
that
great
City
which
●asseth
for
the
Epitome
of
the
World
,
as
well
●s
Rome
and
Venice
,
or
any
other
place
where
●e
had
been
,
that
there
are
fewer
persons
who
study
Man
,
than
study
Geometry
.
That
made
him
resolve
once
more
to
●eny
himself
,
as
much
as
possible
,
and
be
content
with
a
small
number
of
choice
Friends
,
for
the
Comfort
of
his
Life
,
but
his
Reputation
was
a
great
hindrance
to
his
Resolution
.
This
Reputation
had
made
Monsieur
Vasseur's
House
,
whither
he
was
return'd
from
the
Fauxbourg
St.
Germain
,
a
kind
of
an
Academy
,
by
drawing
thither
abundance
of
People
,
who
were
introduced
into
his
Chamber
by
the
favour
of
his
friends
;
those
that
had
a
curiosity
for
ingenious
Learning
,
were
forward
to
slip
in
amongst
the
rest
,
and
accompanying
such
of
his
Friends
as
took
delight
in
spreading
his
Reputation
,
they
ventured
to
propose
to
him
to
put
Pen
to
Paper
to
make
the
Publick
a
sharer
of
his
fine
conceptions
.
The
very
Booksellers
who
always
seek
to
make
a
Trade
of
the
reputation
of
Authors
,
seem'd
also
as
if
they
had
a
mind
to
be
in
the
Plot
with
those
that
lay
close
Siege
to
him
at
Mons.
Vasseur's
.
He
acquaints
us
,
that
from
that
very
time
,
one
or
other
of
that
Profession
,
caused
Presents
to
be
offered
to
him
to
engage
him
to
Promise
them
the
Copy
of
what
he
should
Compose
,
not
being
ashamed
to
desire
to
buy
the
honour
of
serving
him
.
This
was
it
that
made
his
Sojourning
in
Paris
very
tedious
and
burthensom
to
him
,
XIII
.
Des
Cartes
finding
himself
thus
discovered
,
it
was
in
vain
to
regret
the
sweetness
of
his
Retirement
,
and
to
seek
means
to
repair
the
loss
of
his
Liberty
;
he
could
not
divert
the
course
of
his
ill
Fortune
,
and
he
relapsed
again
in
a
few
days
into
the
same
inconvenience
he
had
freed
himself
from
in
absconding
.
His
Vexation
at
the
Discovery
,
beat
up
his
Quarters
,
and
produc'd
in
him
the
desire
to
go
see
the
Siege
of
Rochelle
.
He
came
into
the
Country
d'
Aunis
towards
the
latter
end
of
August
1628.
only
to
be
an
Eye-witness
of
the
Siege
which
was
already
far
advanced
,
that
he
might
Survey
,
as
a
Mathematician
,
the
famous
Ditch
of
Card.
Richelieu
,
with
the
Line
of
Communication
;
but
he
could
not
handsomly
forbear
serving
in
quality
of
a
Voluntier
,
beholding
the
Activity
wherewith
the
King
in
Person
order'd
his
Army
by
Sea
and
Land
.
In
which
particular
he
was
soon
follow'd
by
divers
Gentlemen
of
his
Age
,
who
came
only
to
the
Siege
out
of
a
Curiosity
like
his
.
He
entred
the
Town
with
the
King's
Army
upon
All
Saints
Day
,
which
was
on
a
Wednesday
,
he
assisted
the
next
day
,
being
All
Souls
,
at
the
Solemn
Procession
of
the
Host
performed
in
the
Streets
;
now
there
being
nothing
more
to
be
done
after
the
Consummation
of
this
famous
Siege
;
He
came
back
to
Paris
by
Post
,
where
he
was
against
Martinmass
.
XIV
.
Some
few
days
after
,
he
was
at
an
Assembly
of
learned
&
curious
inquisitive
Persons
at
the
Pope's
Nuncio's
House
,
who
was
called
Monsigneur
Bagne
,
created
Cardinal
shortly
after
,
who
honoured
our
Philosopher
with
his
acquaintance
a
good
while
ago
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
was
invited
thither
,
and
carried
along
with
him
Father
Mersennus
and
Mons.
de
Ville
Bressieux
to
hear
the
Sieur
Chandoux
,
who
was
there
to
debate
concerning
some
new
Opinions
in
Philosophy
.
Chandox
made
a
long
Discourse
for
to
refute
the
way
of
teaching
Philosophy
,
used
in
the
Schools
.
He
proposed
moreover
,
a
pretty
common
System
of
Philosophy
which
he
pretended
to
introduce
,
and
had
a
mind
to
make
it
pass
for
a
new
one
.
The
Pleasantness
wherewith
he
accompanied
his
Discourse
,
did
so
impose
upon
the
Company
,
that
he
received
from
it
an
almost
Universal
Applause
,
except
from
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
who
was
not
forward
to
demonstrate
outwardly
any
signs
of
Satisfaction
which
indeed
he
had
not
received
from
the
Discourse
of
the
Sieur
de
Chandeux
.
Cardinal
Berulle
,
who
was
one
of
the
Assembly
,
took
special
notice
of
his
Silence
;
which
put
him
upon
demanding
his
Opinion
touching
what
he
had
heard
,
which
appear'd
so
excellent
to
the
Company
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
did
all
that
he
could
to
excuse
himself
from
delivering
his
Mind
declaring
that
he
had
nothing
to
say
against
it
after
the
Approbation
of
so
many
knowing
Men.
de
Chandoux
had
done
.
He
first
of
all
commended
the
Eloquence
of
his
Discourse
,
and
his
great
Talent
he
was
endowed
with
for
quaint
words
and
expressions
.
He
commended
withal
that
generous
Liberty
he
demonstrated
for
indeavouring
to
deliver
Philosophy
from
the
Perplexity
of
the
Schoolmen
.
But
he
took
occasion
from
this
Discourse
,
to
observe
to
them
the
Power
of
veri
similitudo
,
taking
the
upper
hand
of
Truth
,
which
upon
this
occasion
seem'd
to
have
triumphed
over
the
Judgment
of
so
many
grave
,
judicious
Persons
.
Adding
withall
,
that
at
such
time
as
one
has
to
deal
with
People
easie
enough
to
take
up
with
very
similitude
or
likelihood
,
as
the
illustrious
Assembly
before
which
he
had
the
honour
to
speak
had
done
,
it
was
not
difficult
to
put
off
false
Ware
for
true
,
and
interchangeably
make
Truth
pass
for
Falshood
by
means
of
appearing
so
.
For
to
give
them
an
instance
of
it
upon
the
spot
,
he
demanded
of
the
Assembly
that
some
body
in
the
Company
would
give
himself
the
trouble
to
propose
to
him
such
a
Truth
as
he
pleased
,
that
might
be
in
the
number
of
those
that
appear
the
most
incontestable
and
irrefragable
:
they
did
so
;
and
with
a
Dozen
Arguments
every
one
more
probable
than
another
,
he
proved
to
the
Company
that
it
was
False
.
Then
he
bid
them
propose
to
him
a
Fallacy
or
Falshood
,
such
an
one
as
Men
commonly
take
for
a
most
evident
one
;
and
by
means
of
another
Dozen
of
probable
Arguments
,
he
forced
the
Auditors
to
acknowledge
it
to
be
plausible
Truth
.
The
Assembly
was
surprized
at
the
extent
of
the
Genious
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
shewed
in
his
Reasoning
;
but
it
was
still
more
astonishing
to
see
themselves
too
plainly
convinced
of
the
easiness
with
which
our
Mind
becomes
Cully'd
by
very
Similitude
.
Then
they
asked
him
,
If
he
could
think
of
no
infallible
Expedient
to
avoid
Sophisms
?
He
reply'd
,
That
he
knew
none
more
certain
than
that
he
himself
made
common
use
of
;
adding
withal
,
That
he
had
fetched
it
from
Mathematicks
;
and
that
he
did
not
believe
that
their
could
be
any
Truth
,
that
he
could
not
clearly
demonstrate
by
this
means
according
to
his
own
Principles
.
This
way
was
nothing
else
but
his
Universal
Method
,
which
he
calls
otherwise
his
Natural
Method
,
according
to
which
he
try'd
and
squar'd
all
sorts
of
Propositions
.
The
first
benefit
of
this
Method
was
to
demonstrate
at
the
first
sight
,
whether
the
Proposition
was
possible
or
no
;
the
other
benefit
consisted
in
making
him
infallibly
to
sound
the
difficulty
of
the
said
Proposition
.
There
was
not
any
Person
in
the
Company
that
did
not
appear
much
taken
with
his
Reasonings
,
de
Berulle
,
who
declar'd
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
that
he
could
wish
to
hear
him
once
more
upon
the
same
Subject
in
private
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
very
sensible
of
the
Honour
a
Person
of
his
Dignity
did
him
,
paid
him
a
visit
some
days
after
,
and
discoursed
with
him
concerning
the
first
Notions
he
conceived
about
Philosophy
,
after
he
had
perceived
the
small
benefit
that
flows
from
the
means
commonly
used
to
treat
of
it
.
And
by
the
way
,
he
shewed
him
the
consequences
his
Thoughts
might
produce
,
if
they
were
rightly
guided
,
and
the
benefit
and
advantage
that
would
accrew
to
the
Publick
,
if
they
would
but
apply
his
way
of
Philosophy
to
Medicine
or
Physick
and
Mechanicks
;
one
whereof
would
produce
the
recovery
and
preservation
of
Health
,
the
other
the
lessening
and
relieving
Labours
.
The
Cardinal
had
not
much
adoe
to
apprehend
the
importance
of
the
design
,
and
judging
him
the
most
proper
Person
to
put
it
in
execution
,
he
made
use
of
the
Authority
he
had
upon
his
Spirit
to
induce
him
to
undertake
this
great
Work
.
Nay
,
he
made
it
case
of
Conscience
,
he
gave
to
understand
that
having
received
from
God
Strength
and
Penetration
of
Mind
,
and
withall
was
so
enlightned
to
this
effect
which
was
not
granted
to
others
,
it
behoved
him
to
render
an
exact
account
how
he
improved
his
talent
,
and
that
he
would
be
responsible
before
the
Supreme
Judge
of
all
the
World
,
for
the
injury
he
should
do
to
Mankind
,
in
depriving
them
of
the
benefit
of
his
Meditations
.
Yea
,
and
went
so
far
as
to
assure
him
,
that
considering
the
capacity
of
his
genius
,
so
vast
as
he
knew
it
to
be
,
God
would
not
be
wanting
to
him
in
bestowing
his
Blessing
upon
his
Labour
,
and
granting
him
all
the
Success
he
could
possibly
expect
.
The
impression
that
Pious
Cardinal
made
upon
him
,
seconded
with
what
his
own
good
Nature
and
Reason
dictated
to
him
long
before
,
won
him
over
to
resolve
upon
it
.
Till
that
time
he
had
been
of
no
Party
in
Philosophy
,
&
had
made
choice
of
no
Sect
,
as
he
himself
acquaints
us
.
He
persisted
in
his
resolution
to
keep
his
Liberty
,
and
to
work
upon
Nature
it self
,
without
insisting
much
upon
seeing
in
what
he
might
come
nearer
,
or
be
further
off
from
those
that
treated
of
Philosophy
before
him
.
The
earnest
requests
his
Friend
renewed
to
him
for
to
hasten
him
to
communicate
his
clear
Notions
to
the
Publick
,
did
not
permit
him
any
longer
to
go
back
with
his
word
,
He
now
only
deliberates
about
the
means
how
he
might
most
commodiously
execute
his
design
;
having
observed
two
main
Obstacles
that
might
prevent
his
succeeding
,
to
wit
,
the
heat
of
the
climat
,
and
croud
and
hurly-burly
of
People
:
he
resolved
to
retire
for
good
and
all
from
the
place
of
his
Friends
and
Acquaintance
,
and
procure
himself
a
perfect
Solitude
in
a
Country
indifferent
cold
,
where
he
might
not
be
known
.
BOOK
III.
From
1628.
to
1637.
HAving
made
choice
of
Holland
for
the
place
of
his
Retirement
,
After
an
Apprentiship
of
near
Four
Months
to
get
the
knack
of
it
,
away
goes
he
for
Holland
,
about
the
latter
end
of
March
,
An.
1629.
He
was
at
that
time
just
33
Years
of
Age
;
scarce
was
he
arriv'd
at
Amsterdam
,
but
he
received
an
account
of
the
discontent
of
some
who
mutter'd
against
his
resolution
,
who
blamed
his
retirement
.
The
Complaints
that
were
made
of
it
,
to
speak
the
truth
,
had
no
other
Sourse
but
the
Respect
and
Kindness
of
some
Persons
of
his
Acquaintance
,
believing
themselves
quite
forsaken
and
forlorn
.
The
reproaches
were
reduc'd
to
three
sorts
,
First
of
all
,
for
leaving
France
,
where
his
Gratitude
&
Education
seemed
to
have
obliged
him
to
tarry
,
and
for
having
chosen
Holland
before
all
other
places
in
Europe
;
and
last
of
all
,
for
having
forsaken
Humane
Society
by
avoiding
Company
.
As
he
had
prepared
his
Spirit
for
all
Events
,
so
had
he
likewise
hardened
his
Heart
against
all
false
Kindness
and
Tenderness
,
and
being
perswaded
that
his
deportment
needed
no
Apology
,
he
did
not
trouble
him
much
to
stifle
the
Complaints
of
Friends
and
near
Relations
;
yet
seeing
that
time
had
di●●●pated
their
resentments
,
which
reason
perhaps
was
not
able
to
accomplish
all
on
the
sudden
,
it
came
into
his
Mind
to
give
some
account
of
his
Proceedings
and
Conduct
,
for
the
satisfaction
of
those
who
would
be
moved
at
these
sort
of
reproaches
.
As
to
the
reason
that
made
him
quit
France
,
he
alledged
the
hurry
and
importunity
of
the
Croud
of
People
that
he
must
have
been
obliged
to
see
and
endure
in
his
own
Country
to
the
prejudice
of
his
Studies
.
Besides
,
the
heat
of
the
Climate
,
which
he
experienced
no
ways
favourable
to
his
Constitution
in
respect
of
the
freeness
of
his
Mind
.
For
to
justifie
his
preferring
Holland
,
he
urged
the
Tranquility
the
Heart
of
this
Country
enjoyed
,
being
surrounded
with
Armies
that
served
to
preserve
it
;
the
Conveniences
of
Life
that
Trade
and
Commerce
produc'd
,
the
opportunity
of
leading
a
Solitary
and
unknown
life
there
,
amongst
a
People
taken
up
with
their
own
,
and
last
of
all
,
the
quality
of
the
Climate
to
be
preferr'd
in
respect
of
his
Health
,
to
the
hot
Air
of
Italy
,
which
he
should
otherwise
have
pitch'd
upon
for
his
Abode
,
upon
Consideration
of
the
Catholick
Religion
;
but
as
for
what
they
lay
to
his
charge
,
that
he
declin'd
the
Company
of
Men
,
he
was
perswaded
,
that
it
was
not
so
much
his
particular
case
,
as
that
of
all
great
Philosophers
,
who
,
that
they
might
procure
liberty
to
apply
themselves
closely
to
their
Studies
and
Meditation
,
have
abandoned
the
Courts
of
Princes
,
and
staying
in
their
own
dear
Country
.
II.
Seldom
or
never
did
he
cause
his
Letters
or
Pacquets
that
were
directed
to
him
to
be
sent
right
to
the
place
of
his
abode
,
the
better
to
keep
himself
concealed
,
sometimes
they
were
received
at
Dort
by
Mr.
Beckmen
,
at
Harlem
by
Monsieur
Bloemaert
,
at
Amsterdam
by
Madamoiselle
Reiniers
,
or
Mr.
Van
Sureck
de
Bergen
,
at
Leiden
by
M.
Hoogheland
,
and
at
other
times
at
Vtrecht
by
Regius
,
or
Mons.
Schu●man's
Brother
,
an
ingenious
learned
Lady
of
that
Name
;
commonly
there
was
no
body
beside
Father
Mersennus
who
was
privy
to
his
Secrets
upon
that
account
,
and
he
kept
it
so
close
,
that
several
learned
and
inquisitive
Persons
of
France
,
who
travelled
during
all
that
time
in
Holland
,
were
deprived
of
the
Satisfaction
of
seeing
him
,
because
they
could
not
possibly
find
out
his
haunts
.
For
his
part
whenever
he
writ
to
his
Friends
,
especially
before
he
settled
at
Egmond
,
he
generally
dated
his
Letters
,
not
from
the
place
of
his
abode
,
but
from
the
City
,
as
from
Amsterdam
,
Leiden
,
&c.
where
he
was
sure
no
body
could
find
him
;
when
he
became
too
well
known
in
one
place
,
and
that
he
was
too
frequently
visited
by
Persons
,
impertinent
and
useless
,
he
never
delay'd
to
decamp
,
that
he
might
break
off
his
Acquaintance
,
and
so
retire
to
some
other
place
where
he
might
not
be
known
.
Which
succeeded
very
well
all
along
,
till
such
time
as
his
Reputation
was
a
means
to
discover
him
in
all
places
,
where
it
followed
him
as
his
Shadow
.
From
Amsterdam
,
There
it
was
he
renewed
his
old
Protesta●ion
before
the
Altar
,
not
to
Labour
,
but
on●y
for
the
glory
of
God
and
benefit
of
Man●ind
,
and
therefore
intended
to
begin
his
Meditations
concerning
the
Existence
of
God
and
Immortality
of
our
Soul
.
But
that
he
might
undertake
nothing
which
had
any
affinity
with
Divinity
,
he
did
not
intend
to
look
upon
God
otherwise
,
but
as
the
Author
of
Nature
,
to
whom
he
made
account
to
consecrate
all
his
Talents
.
It
was
not
Natural
Theology
,
but
only
that
of
Revelation
that
he
excluded
from
his
Designs
.
III.
Metaphysicks
or
Natural
Theology
,
Des
Cartes
,
who
had
foretold
him
what
would
come
on
him
,
could
not
help
,
but
by
halves
at
that
distance
.
The
unresolvedness
of
Ferrier
,
IV.
He
was
still
in
Friezland
,
Henry
Reneri
,
or
Renier
,
a
new
Acquaintance
he
had
got
at
his
arrival
in
Holland
,
who
was
since
looked
upon
as
one
of
his
Chief
Disciples
or
Followers
that
ever
publickly
taught
his
Philosophy
;
Reneri
receiv'd
it
from
Monsieur
Gassendus
then
●n
Holland
,
who
Composed
a
Dissertation
●pon
it
in
his
Travels
,
before
Monsieur
Des
●artes
.
'T
is
to
these
Observations
of
Parhelia's
that
●he
World
is
beholding
for
that
excellent
Treatise
of
Meteors
,
which
Monsieur
Des
Car●es
presented
it
with
,
some
Years
after
.
He
●roke
off
his
Metaphysical
Meditations
,
that
●e
might
examine
in
order
all
Meteors
,
and
●e
laboured
several
times
upon
this
Subject
,
before
he
could
find
any
thing
in
it
wherewithal
to
satisfie
himself
;
but
at
last
being
capable
,
by
reason
of
several
Observations
very
exact
,
to
render
a
Reason
of
the
most
●art
of
Meteors
,
especially
concerning
the
co●ours
of
the
Rain-bow
,
which
puzled
him
more
than
all
the
rest
,
he
resolved
to
Compose
a
Treatise
of
it
,
which
concludes
at
the
Dissertation
of
Parbelia's
.
V.
At
his
return
from
Friezland
,
de
Berulle
,
who
died
suddenly
in
Paris
the
Second
of
October
.
He
had
always
a
great
Veneration
for
his
Merit
,
and
mightily
valued
his
Advice
,
he
lookt
upon
him
,
next
to
God
,
as
the
principal
Promoter
and
Author
of
his
Designs
.
He
had
the
Satisfaction
,
after
his
decease
,
to
meet
with
some
of
his
Scholars
;
I
mean
,
some
of
the
Priests
of
the
Oratory
,
in
whose
hands
he
might
intrust
the
direction
of
his
Conscience
all
the
while
he
remain'd
in
Holland
.
No
sooner
was
he
settled
in
Amsterdam
,
but
(
not
being
able
to
forget
the
End
and
Scope
of
his
Philosophy
,
Upon
this
Perswasion
,
he
began
to
put
his
designs
in
execution
by
Study
of
Anatomy
;
wherein
he
employ'd
all
the
Winter
he
spent
at
Amsterdam
.
He
declares
,
That
he
had
so
much
eagerness
for
the
Knowledge
of
this
,
that
it
made
him
go
almost
every
day
to
a
Butcher's
Shop
to
see
him
Kill
Beasts
,
and
from
thence
he
caused
the
Parts
of
such
Animals
to
be
brought
home
to
his
Lodging
,
as
he
design'd
to
Anatomize
at
his
own
leisure
.
This
was
his
common
Practice
,
frequently
in
other
places
where
he
was
since
,
thinking
that
there
was
no
disgrace
for
him
,
nor
any
thing
unbeseeming
his
Condition
in
the
practice
of
a
thing
that
was
in
it self
very
innocent
,
and
might
prove
very
serviceable
in
its
effects
.
He
joyned
the
Study
of
Chymistry
to
that
of
Anatomy
,
from
the
latter
end
of
the
Year
1629.
and
he
assures
us
,
that
he
learn't
daily
in
this
Science
,
as
he
did
in
other
,
something
that
did
not
occur
in
Books
;
but
before
he
would
apply
his
Mind
to
the
finding
out
Diseases
and
Remedies
,
he
had
a
desire
to
know
whether
or
no
there
was
any
means
to
find
out
a
Medicine
that
might
be
grounded
upon
infallible
Demonstration
.
VI.
VII
.
These
Beginnings
were
abundance
more
Prosperous
to
him
than
he
durst
hope
they
would
have
been
,
The
first
,
above
Thirty
Years
elder
than
he
,
seeing
his
Reputation
to
increase
in
the
eyes
of
the
World
,
discovered
a
Pedantick
Itch
to
make
People
believe
that
he
had
been
formerly
his
Master
:
altho'
he
himself
had
learnt
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
that
of
which
he
bragg'd
up
and
down
he
had
taught
him
;
thereupon
he
took
him
to
task
,
Doccumentized
him
handsomly
to
make
him
know
himself
;
and
altho'
he
was
willing
to
forego
something
he
had
given
him
formerly
upon
Algebra
,
Dioptricks
,
and
Geometry
;
yet
he
made
him
restore
him
the
Original
of
his
Treatise
of
Musick
,
that
he
might
at
least
keep
his
Vanity
within
Bounds
.
The
other
,
acknowledging
his
Fault
he
had
committed
the
foregoing
Year
,
in
refusing
to
go
along
with
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
to
live
with
him
in
Friezland
,
&
being
willing
to
make
amends
,
at
a
time
when
M.
Des
Cartes
was
no
longer
in
a
capacity
to
such
like
advantagious
Kindnesses
,
made
,
as
if
he
complain'd
of
his
bad
Fortune
to
frame
real
Complaints
against
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Benefactor
.
He
carried
his
Complaints
every
where
,
where
there
was
any
considerable
Persons
that
knew
him
,
several
of
which
writ
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
in
his
behalf
.
Now
he
,
that
he
might
not
become
suspected
of
hard
dealing
,
see
himself
obliged
to
argue
the
case
with
them
,
and
to
justifie
the
distance
and
impossibility
that
there
was
for
him
to
grant
at
that
time
those
Conditions
he
had
urged
him
to
accept
of
,
when
he
intreated
him
to
come
live
with
him
at
Franecker
.
Nevertheless
,
after
he
had
convinc'd
him
in
particular
,
that
he
might
take
himself
only
for
all
the
hardships
he
suffer'd
and
complain'd
of
,
he
was
willing
to
take
up
his
former
thoughts
of
good
will
towards
him
,
as
he
had
done
in
respect
of
Beeckman
.
VIII
.
It
was
at
the
same
time
the
Count
de
Marcheville
,
de
Chasheil
,
M.
Bouchard
,
M.
Holstein
,
M.
Gassendus
,
Father
Theoph.
Minuti
,
with
divers
other
Learned
Men
he
intended
to
carry
along
with
him
to
Constantinople
,
and
into
the
Levant
;
he
would
have
heartily
wish'd
such
another
opportunity
had
presented
it self
4
or
5
Years
before
,
but
being
of
a
Condition
not
to
Travel
any
more
,
he
excused
himself
upon
the
account
of
his
Occupations
not
permitting
him
to
leave
the
place
of
his
retirement
.
Yet
for
all
that
,
Some
particular
Persons
knowing
there
was
no
other
way
of
Communication
but
by
Father
Mersennus
,
by
which
they
might
get
their
Consultations
conveyed
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
and
to
receive
Answers
of
them
,
flock'd
to
his
Convent
to
bring
him
their
Questions
,
and
returned
to
fetch
the
Solutions
and
Explanations
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
.
This
Concourse
put
him
to
a
trouble
he
had
the
goodness
never
to
complain
of
;
and
not
satisfied
to
exhort
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
to
answer
all
the
Questions
that
were
propounded
to
him
,
in
the
Pacquets
he
sent
him
;
He
challenged
him
also
to
send
him
some
of
his
own
Problems
to
propound
to
others
,
of
which
he
undertook
to
send
him
the
Solutions
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
put
him
in
mind
that
he
had
utterly
discarded
the
Study
of
Mathematicks
for
several
Years
last
past
,
that
he
was
fully
resolved
not
to
lose
his
time
in
those
jejune
Operations
of
Geometry
and
Arithmetick
,
that
at
the
long
run
there
was
nothing
material
or
important
got
by
it
.
But
upon
the
whole
he
acquainted
him
,
that
his
design
was
,
not
any
longer
to
propound
Problems
to
any
one
whatsoever
;
and
that
he
thought
he
had
taken
a
hard
task
upon
himself
,
to
be
reduc'd
for
the
future
,
not
to
resolve
any
but
those
of
others
,
wherewith
he
professes
besides
that
he
was
quite
tired
.
IX
.
Of
a
great
many
Friends
in
France
,
Ville
Brissieux
into
his
House
.
to
whom
his
Absence
seem'd
difficult
to
bear
,
who
declared
their
great
Passion
,
they
should
have
had
to
come
and
lived
with
him
,
we
know
none
but
Monsieur
Balzuc
,
whom
he
could
like
,
to
have
lived
with
him
;
but
the
Obstacles
that
thwarted
Monsieur
Balzac's
good
intent
,
must
needs
be
such
as
were
not
easily
to
be
surmounted
,
if
all
be
true
that
he
Protests
very
seriously
,
That
he
had
a
longing
desire
to
be
reunited
to
him
,
and
never
more
to
forsake
him
.
Monsieur
de
Ville
Bressieux
had
much
better
luck
than
he
in
this
particular
,
and
his
presence
was
by
so
much
the
more
acceptable
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
as
he
knew
there
was
in
him
a
vast
Genius
for
Mathematicks
,
and
a
strong
Inclination
for
Chymistry
,
accompanied
with
a
great
deal
of
affability
and
sweetness
of
disposition
:
Ville
Bressieux
was
not
content
to
become
his
Disciple
;
he
would
fain
have
been
his
Domestick
Crony
,
to
have
learned
his
Deportment
as
well
as
his
Opinions
.
Henry
Reneri
,
Des
Cartes
,
who
had
publickly
professed
his
Philosophy
,
that
is
to
say
,
his
Principles
according
to
his
Method
,
being
made
Professor
in
Philosophy
at
Deventer
,
sway'd
much
with
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
to
go
live
in
that
Town
;
which
he
did
in
the
Year
1633.
in
the
Spring
:
there
he
he
busied
himself
to
continue
divers
works
he
had
broke
off
the
preceding
Year
,
particularly
his
Dioptricks
,
and
his
Treatise
of
the
World
;
he
applied
himself
likewise
afresh
to
the
knowledge
of
Celestial
Matters
,
and
his
Astronomical
Observations
made
him
quickly
understand
the
necessity
of
studying
the
Natures
of
Comets
to
the
purpose
.
He
took
occasion
from
this
sort
of
Study
,
to
draw
up
the
Model
of
the
Histories
of
Celestial
Appearances
,
for
Father
Mersennus
,
just
such
as
he
conceived
it
to
be
,
for
the
assistance
and
furtherance
of
those
,
whom
the
Father
had
sent
him
word
,
took
wonderful
delight
in
sparing
no
pains
for
the
advancement
of
Sciences
,
even
to
be
willing
to
make
Experiments
at
their
own
Cost
and
Charges
.
X.
During
this
Year's
Summer
,
his
World
,
because
it
was
the
Idea
of
a
World
that
he
had
imagined
answerable
to
the
World
we
live
in
;
and
he
comprised
in
an
Abridgment
all
his
Physicks
,
I
mean
,
all
that
he
could
come
to
the
knowledge
of
,
concerning
material
things
,
saving
only
that
which
relates
to
Light
,
which
he
intended
to
explain
in
its
full
Extent
and
Latitude
.
That
he
might
not
be
engaged
to
follow
or
refute
the
Opinions
commonly
received
amongst
the
Learned
,
he
was
willing
to
give
over
this
same
World
to
the
exercising
of
their
Brains
in
disputing
about
it
;
and
to
speak
only
of
that
which
might
happen
in
a
New
World
,
put
the
case
God
did
create
sufficient
matter
on
the
imaginary
spaces
to
Compose
such
.
He
supposed
God
would
diversly
and
confusedly
agitate
the
parts
of
this
matter
,
so
that
he
would
Compose
of
it
a
Chaos
,
or
an
indigested
confused
Mass
,
and
that
in
process
of
time
,
he
should
only
send
his
Ordinary
Concourse
to
Nature
,
and
let
her
act
conformable
to
the
Laws
and
Ordinances
he
hath
established
.
Upon
this
Supposition
he
describes
you
this
matter
at
the
very
first
,
he
made
appear
what
kind
of
Laws
of
Nature
these
were
;
he
demonstrated
afterward
,
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
matter
of
this
Chaos
ought
,
consequently
in
obedience
to
these
Laws
,
dispose
and
range
themselves
after
such
a
manner
,
that
would
make
it
resemble
our
Heavens
,
&c.
From
the
description
of
all
Bodies
imaginable
that
could
be
composed
of
this
matter
,
he
was
pleased
to
proceed
to
the
Explanation
of
the
reasonable
Soul
,
upon
which
he
judged
it
convenient
to
expatiate
more
at
large
.
He
demonstrates
,
that
it
cannot
be
deduced
from
the
power
of
the
matter
,
as
were
other
things
he
handled
;
but
that
it
is
expresly
to
be
created
.
XI
.
He
revised
his
Treatise
of
the
World
,
This
Adventure
did
so
much
the
more
surprize
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
as
he
,
on
one
side
had
a
more
than
ordinary
Submission
to
the
Holy
See
;
and
because
on
the
other
side
he
was
perswaded
that
the
Opinion
of
the
Earth's
motion
is
by
much
the
most
probable
,
and
withal
the
most
Commodious
for
the
explaining
all
Phenomena's
.
Upon
this
Hypothesis
he
had
Built
the
greatest
part
of
this
World
;
Insomuch
,
as
not
being
able
to
destroy
it
without
rendring
all
the
rest
defective
▪
he
thought
it
more
advisable
to
suppress
and
conceal
his
Treatise
,
than
to
send
it
abroad
lame
and
imperfect
,
or
to
expose
himself
to
that
scurvy
humour
of
the
Inquisitors
of
Rome
,
by
publishing
that
Hypothesis
they
had
condemned
without
understanding
it
.
Yet
he
was
resolved
to
have
the
other
touch
at
it
,
and
new
model
his
Explanation
of
the
Earth's
motion
,
to
shew
which
way
one
may
deny
this
motion
,
in
opposition
to
Gallilaeus
,
altho'
in
truth
,
it
may
really
be
carried
about
,
and
tho'
the
Hypothesis
of
Copernicus
remain
in
full
force
,
which
he
did
not
so
much
out
of
Crossness
to
stupifie
the
Inquisitors
,
as
for
to
explain
those
Passages
of
Scripture
which
are
commonly
alledg'd
against
this
Opinion
.
XIII
.
M.
Des
Cartes's
stay
at
Deventer
,
A
little
while
after
,
Ville
Bressieux
.
he
took
a
Journey
into
Denmark
,
and
the
Lower
Parts
of
Germany
,
in
Company
of
Monsieur
Ville
Bressieux
,
who
profited
no
less
by
his
Instructions
upon
their
Road
,
than
in
his
House
at
Amsterdam
.
It
was
upon
these
Precepts
,
and
chiefly
upon
his
grand
Maxim
,
That
the
most
Plain
and
Simple
things
are
usually
the
most
Excellent
,
That
Monsieur
de
Ville
Bressieux
invented
so
many
pretty
neat
Machines
beneficial
for
the
use
of
Life
.
He
inculcated
to
him
divers
other
Principles
,
upon
which
this
Man
made
several
Experiments
since
,
which
hath
gotten
him
a
name
of
being
an
extraordinary
Virtuoso
in
Chymistry
,
Mechanicks
and
Opticks
.
At
the
time
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
left
the
City
of
Deventer
,
Reneri
likewise
went
thence
for
Vtrecht
,
whither
the
Magistracy
had
drawn
him
by
fair
words
to
Read
Philosophy
in
the
Colledge
,
which
was
very
speedily
to
be
changed
into
an
University
.
This
ingenious
Man
,
who
had
at
his
leisure
quite
exhausted
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Philosophy
at
the
very
Fountain
Head
when
he
enjoy'd
his
presence
,
laid
hold
on
such
a
favourable
Conjuncture
as
this
,
to
bring
the
whole
University
over
to
be
Cartesians
,
that
it
might
be
illustrious
at
its
very
birth
;
which
he
effected
with
so
much
Prudence
and
Discretion
,
that
there
would
never
have
been
occasioned
any
disturbance
there
,
had
not
the
Precipitated
Zeal
of
him
that
succeeded
him
,
quite
snar'd
his
fine
oeconomy
.
The
Winter
following
afforded
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
matter
for
those
Observations
he
made
upon
Snow
of
six
Points
or
Angles
;
might
have
dropt
from
the
Clouds
in
that
manner
;
and
that
he
might
have
stood
in
need
of
nothing
but
his
Eyes
to
know
them
.
Remembring
his
delightful
abode
at
Deventer
,
he
was
moved
to
return
to
that
City
,
to
avoid
the
frequent
Visits
his
Sojourning
at
Amsterdam
drew
upon
him
.
Five
or
Six
Months
after
,
viz.
towards
the
latter
end
of
Autumn
,
Anno
1635.
he
pass'd
into
Friezland
and
retired
to
Lewarden
,
the
Principal
City
of
the
Province
,
two
Leagues
from
Franeker
,
where
he
remain'd
till
the
Year
1629.
there
he
Composed
,
or
rather
that
I
may
make
use
of
his
own
Expression
,
he
Broached
his
small
Treatise
of
Mechanicks
,
for
M.
de
Zuitlechem
,
his
Friend
and
Correspondent
,
a
Gentleman
of
great
Worth
,
Counsellor
and
Secretary
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
.
He
came
back
to
Amsterdam
about
the
beginning
of
March
,
Des
Cartes
his
Dioptricks
.
Towards
the
latter
end
of
the
same
Year
,
he
lost
one
of
the
best
and
ancientest
Friends
he
had
acquired
in
Holland
,
by
the
Death
of
Isaac
Beeckman
,
Principal
of
the
Colledge
of
Dordrecht
or
Dort
.
BOOK
IV.
From
1637.
till
1638.
I.
&
II.
AFter
the
resolution
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
taken
to
suffer
his
Works
to
be
Printed
in
his
Life-time
,
He
reduced
what
was
contain'd
in
his
Papers
to
Four
Treatises
,
for
which
he
desired
they
would
crave
the
Priviledge
of
the
King
,
which
was
granted
,
with
Testimonies
of
esteem
and
respect
for
him
,
the
4th
of
May
1637.
to
cause
to
be
Printed
not
only
the
Four
Treaties
there
specified
;
but
also
whatsoever
he
had
written
till
that
time
,
and
whatsoever
else
he
might
write
,
during
the
whole
Course
of
his
Life
,
in
what
Part
〈◊〉
thought
most
convenient
,
within
or
without
〈◊〉
Kingdom
of
France
,
&c.
These
Four
Treatises
that
he
would
have
〈◊〉
pass
,
for
the
Essays
of
his
Philosophy
,
wer●
Printed
at
Leyden
,
Intituled
,
A
Discourse
of
〈◊〉
Method
for
the
well-governing
ones
Reason
,
and
〈◊〉
find
out
truth
in
Sciences
.
Moreover
,
Dioptric●
Meteors
,
and
Geometry
,
with
certain
Essa●
〈◊〉
this
Method
.
His
design
was
not
to
teach
all
his
Metho●
in
the
first
of
these
Treaties
.
But
not
to
propose
any
but
what
he
deem'd
sufficient
to
mak●
a
Man
judge
,
that
the
new
Opinions
that
shoul●
appear
in
the
Dioptricks
,
and
Meteors
were
not
conceived
at
Random
,
or
a
la
Legere
,
and
that
it
would
be
worth
the
while
strictly
to
examine
them
.
He
begun
his
first
Treatise
or
Discourse
of
Method
,
with
divers
Considerations
upon
Sciences
;
Then
he
proposeth
the
Principal
Rules
of
Method
which
he
sought
,
for
his
particular
use
in
the
manner
of
conducting
or
governing
a
Man's
Reason
.
After
that
,
he
produceth
some
Maxims
of
Morality
,
that
he
hath
drawn
from
this
Method
;
Then
he
deduceth
some
Reasons
,
by
which
he
evinceth
the
Existence
of
a
God
,
and
of
the
Humane
Soul
▪
which
make
up
the
Foundations
of
his
Metaphysicks
.
One
may
there
see
further
the
order
〈◊〉
Questions
of
Physicks
,
and
that
he
hath
in●ired
into
together
with
the
difference
be●ixt
our
Soul
and
that
of
Beasts
.
In
the
last
●ace
,
he
makes
a
deduction
of
things
,
he
sup●osed
requisite
to
proceed
farther
in
the
re●arch
of
Nature
,
than
any
one
had
hitherto
●one
.
He
concludes
,
solemnly
protesting
●at
his
chief
scope
and
aim
tended
only
to
●e
Advantage
and
Profit
of
his
Neighbour
;
●ut
that
he
was
altogether
averse
from
de●●ring
ever
to
apply
himself
to
what
might
be
of
●o
Advantage
to
some
,
without
doing
wrong
to
●hers
.
He
did
not
pretend
by
this
Treatise
to
Prescribe
any
Method
to
any
Man
,
but
only
●o
make
known
to
all
,
that
Method
he
himself
had
followed
,
by
the
right
which
the
li●erty
of
conducting
himself
according
to
those
Natural
Lights
he
received
from
God
,
allowed
●im
.
III.
The
first
Essay
of
this
Method
,
The
design
of
the
Author
in
this
Treaty
,
was
to
shew
us
that
one
may
proceed
pretty
far
in
Philosophy
,
to
arrive
by
means
of
it
to
the
Knowledge
of
Arts
profitable
to
Life
.
The
Treatise
that
he
makes
upon
the
second
Essay
of
his
Method
,
The
last
of
the
Essays
of
his
Method
,
But
a
Man
would
be
mistaken
to
believe
that
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
intended
to
deliver
the
Elements
of
Geometry
in
this
his
Work
,
which
requires
othergates
Readers
than
Scholars
in
Mathematicks
.
He
studied
in
the
Three
Preceeding
Treatises
to
make
himself
understood
by
every
body
,
because
the
main
Business
was
to
make
those
things
to
be
comprehended
that
were
never
taught
before
,
or
whose
true
Principles
by
none
was
ever
yet
delivered
;
but
perceiving
that
there
was
a
great
number
of
Works
of
Geometry
,
against
which
he
had
nothing
to
say
,
he
thought
he
was
not
oblig'd
to
repeat
in
his
Treatise
,
what
he
had
found
good
,
and
very
well
demonstra●ed
in
others
;
so
that
,
so
far
was
he
from
ren●ring
them
unserviceable
,
that
he
laboured
●hat
he
could
to
make
them
necessary
,
begin●ing
where
they
left
off
:
Insomuch
,
that
it
〈◊〉
expedient
to
have
read
them
,
to
compre●end
his
Geometry
.
He
suppress'd
the
Prin●iples
of
the
greatest
part
of
his
Rules
,
with
●heir
Demonstrations
.
He
foresaw
also
,
that
●everal
who
might
have
read
other
Geome●ries
,
yet
who
might
have
acquir'd
but
a
com●on
insight
into
this
Science
,
might
most
●asily
attain
to
the
Knowledge
of
his
Wri●ings
.
IV.
Altho'
the
subject
matter
of
these
Four
Treatises
seem
at
first
view
to
have
no
Rela●ion
to
one
another
,
of
a
general
Method
which
●e
adopted
;
yet
without
pretending
to
ob●rude
it
upon
others
for
their
Instruction
,
he
●ath
chosen
in
his
Dioptricks
a
mixt
Subject
of
Philosophy
and
Mathematicks
;
in
his
Meteors
one
,
of
pure
Philosophy
without
mixture
;
●nd
in
his
Geometry
one
,
of
pure
Mathematicks
;
●o
shew
you
that
there
could
be
nothing
in
whatsoever
Natural
Knowledge
he
might
●ave
,
that
he
had
not
a
design
to
refer
and
reduce
to
this
Method
;
and
nothing
wherein
●e
did
not
hope
to
have
good
Success
,
provided
he
might
have
the
Experiments
that
might
be
necessary
to
that
effect
,
and
time
to
discuss
and
examine
them
.
As
for
his
way
of
arguing
,
The
liberty
he
took
to
Publish
these
Treatises
in
his
French
Tongue
rather
than
in
that
of
the
Learned
,
and
to
conceal
his
Name
in
it
,
put
him
to
no
trouble
,
notwithstanding
he
had
all
the
reason
in
the
world
to
fear
it
from
the
Criticks
;
but
it
did
not
fare
so
well
with
the
distribution
of
the
Copies
he
caused
to
be
made
.
Des
Cartes
.
It
was
more
pernicious
to
him
not
to
give
Monsieur
Roberval
one
of
them
,
whom
he
did
not
know
,
tho'
he
Professed
Mathematicks
in
Paris
;
than
it
would
have
been
to
his
advantage
to
have
presented
a
great
number
of
them
to
the
Court
of
France
and
Rome
.
Mons.
Roberval
held
himself
wrong'd
by
this
●omission
;
and
altho'
it
was
occasioned
by
Father
Mersennus
,
rather
than
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
yet
did
he
from
thenceforward
prepare
to
Criticise
upon
Des
Cartes
his
Geometry
;
such
was
the
rise
of
that
inveterate
,
immortal
Animosity
he
conceived
against
him
.
The
Precence
of
it
he
had
not
so
much
as
the
discretion
to
dissemble
to
some
Friends
whom
he
knew
otherwise
to
be
Monsieur
Des
Cartes's
,
as
well
as
his
own
.
To
take
breath
ali●tle
after
the
Incumbrance
the
Publication
of
his
Essays
had
occasioned
him
,
he
was
desirous
to
take
a
turn
to
the
Siege
of
Breda
;
a
City
not
altogether
indifferent
to
him
,
by
reason
of
his
quartering
there
two
Years
together
when
he
bore
Arms.
After
the
taking
of
this
City
by
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
he
took
a
Journey
into
Flanders
,
and
went
to
see
Mounsieur
de
la
Basse's
Court
,
Governor
or
Commander
in
the
City
of
Douay
for
the
King
of
Spain
;
This
Gentleman
,
who
was
one
of
his
best
Friends
;
omitted
nothing
whereby
to
regale
him
nobly
:
he
procured
him
for
Eight
days
together
,
amongst
other
things
,
the
Conversation
of
Dr.
Sylvius
.
Sylvius
was
one
of
the
ablest
Divines
of
his
Age
,
and
after
Estius
his
Death
,
the
principal
Ornament
of
the
University
of
Douay
.
He
seem'd
very
much
satisfied
with
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
;
but
he
had
not
cause
to
be
so
with
a
Politick
Gentleman
,
that
the
Philosopher
had
brought
along
with
him
,
who
oftentimes
put
the
Dr.
to
a
Nonplus
in
the
Conferences
which
were
held
after
Meals
at
M.
Bassecourt's
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
at
his
return
went
to
sojourn
in
Egmond
,
One
of
the
first
that
appear'd
to
render
him
an
account
of
it
was
Dr.
He
ans●●●s
Fromondus
,
〈◊〉
and
Ciermans
.
Fromondus
,
Regius
Professor
of
the
Holy
Scriptures
in
the
University
of
Louvain
,
he
propounded
to
him
divers
Objections
against
several
Passages
of
his
Method
,
Dioptricks
,
and
more
especially
of
his
Mereors
,
of
which
himself
had
published
a
Treatise
in
1631.
that
had
been
highly
esteemed
;
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
answered
him
,
and
they
were
very
well
satisfied
one
with
another
for
to
continue
their
Friendship
the
remainder
of
their
days
.
He
answered
also
about
the
same
time
,
the
Objections
of
an
Holland
Physician
who
had
Preferment
at
Louvain
named
Plempius
,
who
was
one
of
his
Acquaintance
some
Years
before
.
These
Objections
related
chiefly
to
what
he
had
writ
concerning
the
Motion
of
the
Heart
.
They
contained
,
according
to
his
Opinion
,
whatsoever
one
was
able
reasonably
to
object
against
him
upon
this
Subject
.
Plempius
,
who
declared
that
he
had
not
made
these
objections
,
but
with
a
design
to
be
better
inform'd
,
and
for
the
better
discovering
of
truth
;
let
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
at
that
time
know
,
that
he
was
very
well
pleased
that
he
had
answered
him
.
The
Answer
he
gave
Monsieur
Ciermans
,
Professor
of
Mathematicks
in
the
Colledge
of
Jesuits
at
Louvnin
,
had
no
worse
success
.
He
found
this
Father's
Objections
very
judicious
and
solid
,
the
main
hinge
they
turn'd
upon
was
Geometry
and
Meteors
,
and
especially
in
reference
to
the
Rain-bow
.
The
Father
on
his
part
seem'd
so
well
satisfy'd
with
the
Answer
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
gave
,
that
he
freely
gave
his
consent
that
they
might
Print
his
Objections
with
the
Answer
.
He
could
not
forbear
declaring
,
that
what
he
chiefly
liked
in
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
was
that
boldness
,
that
made
him
turn
aside
out
of
the
beaten
Paths
and
Common
Roads
;
and
that
he
was
indued
with
the
Confidence
to
enquire
after
new
Lands
,
and
make
new
Discoveries
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
having
no
other
Passion
in
all
he
writ
,
but
that
of
finding
out
Truth
,
and
believing
that
he
was
not
capable
of
accomplishing
it
alone
,
fought
for
,
if
one
may
so
say
,
Adversaries
,
rather
than
Approvers
;
to
the
end
that
the
Obligation
to
answer
them
,
and
sift
their
Objections
,
might
render
him
more
and
more
exact
,
and
might
be
a
means
to
make
him
open
his
Eyes
upon
that
he
was
not
able
to
know
before
.
In
order
to
this
he
hopefully
expected
the
Objections
the
Jesuits
of
La
Flesche
,
Louvain
,
Lifle
,
and
some
other
places
had
promised
him
by
their
Letters
;
but
he
was
somewhat
surprized
to
learn
by
some
of
them
,
that
they
wonderfully
approved
of
him
,
that
they
desired
nothing
as
to
what
he
was
pleased
to
explain
,
but
only
in
that
which
he
would
not
write
;
and
that
they
demanded
of
him
his
Physick
,
and
Metaphysick
with
great
Importunity
.
VI.
In
France
the
reading
of
his
Book
operated
upon
the
Spirits
of
Men
,
according
as
they
were
well
or
ill
prepared
.
There
were
but
few
things
in
all
that
he
had
writ
that
did
not
appear
dubious
to
some
,
and
Novel
in
respect
of
others
;
the
true
knowing
Persons
did
not
boggle
at
all
they
found
new
,
which
could
not
render
the
Author
odious
,
but
to
such
who
were
fond
of
their
own
Prejudices
;
yet
they
took
an
occasion
from
what
seemed
dubious
to
make
some
Objections
against
him
.
M.
Mydorge
had
been
one
of
the
most
fit
Persons
in
that
respect
,
if
so
be
he
had
not
been
beforehand
of
the
same
Opinion
with
him
in
several
things
,
from
the
very
first
time
they
saw
one
another
in
Paris
.
He
might
have
been
able
at
least
to
propound
some
difficulties
to
him
concerning
divers
Passages
in
the
Sixth
Book
of
his
Dioptricks
,
where
he
treats
of
Vision
in
a
quite
different
manner
from
that
he
was
wont
himself
,
to
explain
this
matter
:
he
was
content
to
mention
such
a
business
to
Father
Mersennus
,
who
gave
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
notice
of
it
in
Writing
.
He
did
not
take
ill
some
Advices
the
Philosopher
gave
him
in
his
Answer
to
this
Father
.
After
that
,
he
had
no
other
Objections
to
start
to
his
Friend
;
nay
,
he
was
so
far
from
fatigueing
him
with
many
others
upon
that
score
,
that
one
may
say
▪
he
plaid
the
Des
Cartes
in
Paris
,
in
taking
upon
him
to
answer
,
for
his
absent
Friend
,
all
the
Objections
which
they
had
not
a
mind
to
send
into
Holland
.
He
was
not
alone
in
studying
to
render
him
friendly
Offices
in
Paris
.
Des
Argues
.
Monsieur
Des
Argues
,
who
already
was
very
busie
with
Father
Mersennus
to
make
the
Priviledge
of
his
Book
effectual
against
the
disobliging
Practices
of
the
Sieur
de
Beaugrand
,
was
wanting
in
nothing
wherein
he
could
be
serviceable
to
him
with
Cardinal
Richelieu
,
and
to
give
Credit
to
his
new
Speculation
of
Dioptricks
,
amongst
those
who
were
about
his
Eminence
;
He
let
him
understand
by
Father
Mersennus
,
that
the
Cardinal
was
pleas'd
to
give
ear
to
the
Propositions
they
had
made
to
him
,
of
endeavouring
to
make
Spectacles
and
Prospectives
according
to
the
Rules
he
had
Prescribed
in
his
Dioptricks
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
thought
it
stood
him
upon
to
cross
this
Understanding
,
and
to
that
effect
,
he
desired
Father
Mersennus
to
declare
to
M.
Des
Argues
,
and
others
,
that
had
an
hand
in
this
Business
;
that
he
was
extreamly
obliged
to
them
for
the
good
Opinion
they
had
given
to
the
Court
of
his
Dioptrical
Inventions
;
but
that
he
did
not
believe
that
the
Cardinal's
thoughts
ought
to
stoop
so
low
as
to
a
Person
of
his
Rank
.
It
was
not
out
of
an
unseasonableness
that
he
resisted
the
purposes
of
these
Gentlemen
;
it
was
out
of
timerousness
,
lest
they
might
not
successfully
compass
their
End
in
his
Absence
,
and
lest
they
might
lay
the
Workmens
fault
at
his
door
;
for
he
judged
his
presence
necessary
to
direct
the
hand
of
Turners
,
and
to
give
them
new
Instructions
,
according
as
they
proceeded
,
or
failed
.
VII
.
Des
Cartes
,
there
was
none
of
them
found
more
diligent
than
,
nor
more
capable
to
do
it
,
than
M.
de
Fermat
,
a
Counsellor
of
the
Parliament
of
Thoulouse
,
one
of
the
Chief
Men
in
the
Age
for
fine
Endowments
of
Mind
,
and
especially
in
respect
of
Mathematicks
.
The
Month
of
November
,
he
sent
to
Father
Mersennus
some
Objections
against
M.
Des
Cartes
his
Dioptricks
;
and
this
Father
received
an
Answer
to
them
in
the
Month
of
September
,
notwithstanding
the
distance
of
places
,
that
might
have
afforded
a
pretence
for
delays
.
At
the
same
time
,
Mons.
Petit
his
Objections
.
Monsieur
Petit
,
then
Commissioner
of
the
Artillery
and
the
King's
Ingeneer
,
who
was
since
Surveyor
of
the
Fortifications
,
started
likewise
some
Objectious
against
the
Treatise
of
Dioptricks
,
which
Monsieur
Fermat
found
to
come
but
little
short
of
his
own
.
Mr.
Des
Cartes
by
Father
Mersennus
,
a
Pamphlet
of
Geometry
of
his
Composing
.
De
Maximis
&
Minimis
,
i.
e.
of
the
greatest
and
least
quantities
;
and
that
he
might
conceal
his
Name
again
from
Mons.
Des
Cartes
,
he
made
use
of
that
of
M.
de
Carcavi
,
one
of
Lyons
,
a
Friend
of
his
,
being
then
his
Collegue
in
the
Parliament
of
Tholouse
.
This
Present
Monsieur
de
Fermat
sent
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
M.
de
Fermat
,
and
M.
D.
Cartes
.
was
not
only
a
Token
of
his
esteem
and
grateful
acknowledgment
,
but
also
an
Advertisement
of
what
he
believed
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
omitted
unawares
,
or
forgotten
unseasonably
in
his
Geometry
.
That
occasion'd
a
new
difficulty
to
arise
,
in
the
clashing
Mons.
Fermat
begun
,
which
he
believed
to
be
in
a
capacity
to
decide
in
a
few
days
.
But
it
was
no
such
easie
matter
to
extinguish
these
first
sparks
;
the
fire
of
the
Dispute
got
ground
by
the
Zeal
of
those
who
were
willing
to
enter
upon
it
;
at
length
two
material
Points
,
one
relating
to
Dioptriques
,
the
other
to
Geometry
,
became
the
main
Subject
of
their
Debate
.
Here
you
may
take
notice
of
the
cause
of
that
famous
Quarrel
,
which
continued
even
after
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Death
;
this
is
that
Monsieur
de
Fermat
stiled
,
his
Skirmish
with
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
or
sa
petite
guerre
contre
Mons.
Des
Cartes
,
and
that
which
Monsieur
,
Des
Cartes
calls
,
son
petit
proces
de
Mathematique
contre
Mons.
de
Firmat
.
VIII
.
Whilst
Monsieur
de
Fermat
,
(
amidst
his
great
business
in
pleading
Causes
and
Domestick
Affairs
)
appli'd
himself
tooth
and
nail
to
the
Answer
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
made
to
his
Objections
about
Dioptriques
;
Des
Cartes
his
Observations
and
Animadversions
upon
his
Treatise
de
Maximis
&
Minimis
;
but
instead
of
sending
them
directly
to
Monsieur
de
Fermat
,
in
conformity
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
intent
,
he
thought
it
convenient
to
shew
them
to
a
couple
of
this
Magistrates
particular
Friends
in
Paris
;
the
one
was
Monsieur
Pascal
the
Father
,
heretofore
President
in
the
Court
of
Aides
in
Auvergne
;
the
other
was
Monsieur
Roberval
,
Mathematique
Professor
in
Paris
.
These
Gentlemen
supposed
themselves
obliged
to
espouse
the
Qurrel
of
their
Friend
;
and
seeing
him
busie
upon
his
reply
about
Dioptriques
,
they
dispens'd
with
him
from
prosecuting
the
Quarrel
about
Geometry
,
and
undertook
the
answering
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Observations
against
his
Treaty
de
Maximis
&
Minimis
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
reading
their
Answer
before
he
received
Monsieur
Fermat's
Reply
,
commended
their
Zeal
;
approved
their
cordial
dispositions
,
and
lookt
upon
Monsieur
Fermat
as
an
happy
man
,
for
having
been
prevented
by
such
great
Assistance
at
such
a
hard
pinch
as
that
was
;
nay
,
and
he
had
much
ado
to
forbear
conceiving
much
esteem
for
their
Abilities
;
some
proofs
of
which
he
had
observ'd
in
their
Writing
;
yet
he
found
that
albeit
they
had
performed
all
the
Punctilio's
of
Friendship
in
respect
of
Monsieur
,
yet
that
they
very
scrrily
acquitted
themselves
of
the
Commission
they
had
taken
to
discharge
him
from
the
trouble
,
and
defend
him
.
This
Writing
,
Des
Cartes
answers
them
.
which
could
be
no
other
than
the
style
of
Monsieur
Roberval
,
was
refuted
by
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
before
the
end
of
February
;
and
Monsieur
de
Fermat's
Reply
coming
out
at
last
,
touching
Dioptriques
in
the
same
month
,
he
made
several
Answers
to
it
,
which
he
directed
to
Monsieur
Mydorge
,
another
to
Monsieur
Hardy
,
a
third
to
Father
Mersennus
,
his
chief
Friends
.
IX
.
Des
Cartes
and
Mr.
Fermat
.
Perceiving
that
there
was
no
necessity
that
could
oblige
Monsieur
de
Fermat
to
send
him
his
Treatise
de
Maximis
&
Minimis
,
to
examine
,
he
took
this
action
for
a
defiance
;
the
manner
of
sending
the
Challenge
added
to
the
Merit
of
the
Person
who
sent
,
prevail'd
with
him
to
avoid
this
occasion
;
the
Paper
he
sent
to
Father
Mersennus
against
his
Treaty
de
Maximis
,
was
next
door
to
accepting
of
it
.
The
City
of
Tholouse
,
and
the
Village
of
Egmond
,
were
the
utmost
bounds
of
the
List
,
where
it
seem'd
very
difficult
for
the
Parties
to
try
their
Skill
;
and
they
were
both
too
stout
,
and
stood
too
much
upon
their
Pantofies
to
advance
one
step
,
one
in
favour
of
the
other
.
Providence
ordered
a
place
between
,
and
disposed
matters
in
such
a
manner
,
that
Paris
,
where
were
their
acquaintance
,
friends
,
and
foes
,
became
insensibly
the
Randezvouse
where
their
difference
was
to
be
decided
;
Father
Mersennus
,
without
ever
dreaming
of
such
a
thing
,
gave
occasion
for
this
disposing
of
matters
,
by
putting
into
Monsieur
Roberval's
and
Monsieur
Pascal's
hands-at
Paris
,
the
Paper
of
our
Philosopher
,
which
he
should
have
sent
directly
to
Monsieur
de
Fermat
at
Tholouse
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
on
his
part
thinking
he
was
bound
to
answer
these
two
Gentlemen
,
seem'd
to
give
way
that
his
business
should
come
to
Trial
at
Paris
.
But
now
since
these
two
Gentlemen
had
thought
fit
to
appear
in
his
Cause
as
Advocates
,
Des
Cartes
side
,
Mr.
Pascal
and
Mr.
Roberval
on
Mr.
Fermat's
.
he
desired
they
would
be
pleased
not
to
be
his
Judges
,
or
that
they
would
except
against
those
that
were
appointed
,
with
others
of
Monsieur
de
Fermat's
friends
;
the
other
Mathematicians
that
might
have
been
engaged
to
have
sit
Judges
in
the
Cause
,
without
doubt
were
not
a
few
;
but
some
of
them
were
not
capable
of
understanding
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Geometry
,
and
others
were
not
well
enough
known
by
him
,
except
two
worthy
Geometricians
,
to
whose
Judgment
he
might
safely
have
referr'd
himself
;
they
were
Monsieur
Mydorge
,
and
Monsieur
Hardy
,
who
past
generally
for
his
two
intimate
friends
.
This
consideration
render'd
them
no
less
liable
to
be
excepted
against
by
Monsieur
Fermat
,
than
Monsieur
Pascal
and
Monsieur
Roberval
were
by
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
by
reason
of
their
great
acquaintance
with
Monsieur
Fermat
:
Therefore
it
was
his
best
way
to
resolve
to
chuse
them
not
so
much
his
Judges
,
as
Advocates
;
or
to
speak
in
the
Language
of
the
Cartel
or
Challenge
presented
by
Monsieur
Fermat
,
Monsieur
Mydorge
,
and
Monsieur
Hardy
were
retained
by
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
for
his
Seconds
,
to
oppose
Monsieur
Pascal
and
Monsieur
Roberval
,
who
had
offerr'd
to
second
Monsieur
Fermat
in
the
Combat
.
Father
Mersennus
was
desired
to
stand
Neuter
,
and
be
content
with
the
office
of
a
bare
Spectator
,
on
purpose
that
he
might
not
be
suspected
by
either
Party
,
to
hold
with
the
Hare
,
and
run
with
the
Hound
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
immediately
produced
the
Writings
,
sent
them
with
the
Instructions
necessary
in
order
to
the
hearing
of
his
Proces
or
Cause
of
Mathematiques
to
Monsieur
Mydorge
and
Monsieur
Hardy
,
and
recommended
to
them
withal
to
forget
or
suspend
the
Sentiments
of
friendship
,
to
adhere
to
the
Rules
of
Justice
and
Truth
.
If
Monsieur
de
Fermat
had
taken
three
Advocates
on
his
side
,
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
would
have
been
sure
to
have
taken
Monsieur
Des
Argues
for
his
third
,
being
no
way
inferiour
in
Learning
,
nor
less
affectionate
for
him
than
Monsieur
Mydorge
and
Monsieur
Hardy
.
He
intreated
Father
Mersennus
to
communicate
all
things
to
him
however
,
and
to
let
him
have
the
perusing
of
all
the
Writings
if
he
should
desire
it
.
Amongst
other
Pieces
,
he
sent
directly
to
Monsieur
Mydorge
,
Monsieur
Pascal
and
Monsieur
Roberval's
Writings
.
Monsieur
Mydorge
caus'd
it
immediately
to
be
conveyed
to
Monsieur
Roberval
,
by
Father
Mersennus
.
Monsieur
Roberval
,
without
letting
the
heat
whereinto
this
Answer
had
put
him
,
forthwith
drew
up
a
Reply
under
the
name
des
deux
amys
de
M.
de
Fermat
,
of
Monsieur
de
Fermat's
two
friends
▪
that
is
to
say
,
of
Monsieur
Pascal
and
his
own
▪
but
in
that
he
imposed
upon
Monsieur
Pascal
,
who
had
pass'd
his
word
to
carry
on
the
Dispute
of
Monsieur
de
Fermat
in
his
name
against
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
.
Monsieur
Pascal
was
not
at
Paris
at
that
time
;
he
withdrew
out
of
the
City
upon
the
occasion
of
some
Troubles
that
arose
upon
the
account
of
one
of
his
friends
;
and
Monsieur
Roberval
was
a
trusty
Steward
in
the
mean
time
to
signifie
his
absence
,
by
subscribing
their
common
Reply
alone
.
Monsieur
Pascal
scarce
took
any
more
cognisance
of
this
Dispute
,
because
at
his
return
he
was
preferr'd
to
be
Intendant
of
Justice
in
Rouen
.
The
clownishness
and
moroseness
that
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
observed
in
the
style
the
Reply
was
writ
in
,
made
him
imagine
Monsieur
Pascal
was
absent
indeed
;
or
that
he
had
no
hand
in
Composing
this
Writing
;
wherefore
being
soon
disheartened
by
the
unpoliteness
of
Monsieur
Roberval
,
and
his
precipitation
,
he
sent
word
to
Father
Mersennus
,
that
he
did
not
resolve
to
answer
him
,
because
he
stood
upon
his
points
,
and
was
out
of
humour
,
instead
of
imitating
that
gentle
sincerity
and
moderation
wherewith
Monsieur
Pascal
and
Monsieur
de
Fermat
treated
him
;
he
intreated
him
notwithstanding
to
assure
Monsieur
Roberval
,
that
he
was
his
most
humble
Servant
,
and
that
he
was
no
more
offended
at
what
was
in
his
●riting
,
than
men
are
commonly
in
playing
,
at
the
●nger
of
those
that
lose
.
Monsieur
Roberval
in
●espite
of
the
singularity
of
humour
he
affect●d
,
would
,
without
all
question
,
have
been
satisfied
with
so
much
civility
:
But
Father
Mer●ennus
,
who
had
a
peculiar
Talent
of
setting
Learned
men
by
the
Ears
,
and
to
prolong
Disputes
,
fearing
to
see
them
make
an
end
of
●his
so
soon
,
could
never
be
at
rest
till
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
should
promise
him
to
make
a
rejoynder
to
this
second
Paper
;
he
sends
it
him
in
April
,
but
he
took
special
care
to
let
nothing
slip
that
might
move
Monsieur
Roberval's
spleen
.
X.
In
the
mean
time
Monsieur
de
Fermat
grew
weary
with
disputing
;
Des
Cartes
;
and
becomes
his
friend
,
and
so
doth
Mr.
Pascal
.
and
fearing
lest
Monsieur
Roberval's
Zeal
might
not
cause
him
to
prolong
it
,
he
did
not
only
leave
that
which
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
writ
against
his
last
Reply
touching
Dioptriques
;
without
a
rejoynder
,
but
also
writ
to
Father
Mersennus
to
beseech
him
to
comply
with
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
and
withal
to
procure
him
his
acquaintance
.
On
the
other
hand
,
Monsieur
Mydorge
and
Monsieur
Hardy
could
not
abide
to
see
a
person
of
that
worth
and
quality
Monsieur
Fermat
was
of
,
should
to
such
little
purpose
be
at
odds
with
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
;
set
all
their
Wits
a
work
to
find
a
way
to
reconcile
them
,
and
to
change
their
Dispute
into
a
perfect
amity
and
correspondence
;
the
benefit
whereof
they
might
reap
in
a
mutual
Communication
of
their
Humours
.
They
mentioned
it
to
Father
Mersennus
,
who
being
solicited
on
the
other
hand
by
the
Overtures
&
Concessions
of
Monsieur
de
Fermat
,
was
prevail'd
upon
to
write
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
about
it
,
notwithstanding
the
great
desire
he
might
have
to
see
them
continue
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
received
the
proposa●
of
it
with
no
small
joy
;
and
having
thanked
Monsieur
Mydorge
and
Monsieur
Hardy
for
the
good
success
of
their
friendly
Offices
,
he
charged
Father
Mersennus
to
signifie
to
Monsieur
de
Fermat
,
his
esteem
for
him
,
and
his
cordial
affection
towards
him
.
Monsieur
de
Fermat
receiving
from
Father
Mersennus
all
the
assurances
he
could
possibly
desire
on
the
part
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
gave
himself
the
satisfaction
at
last
to
write
to
him
straightways
▪
to
offer
him
his
friendship
and
services
.
The
Acquisition
of
such
a
friend
as
that
,
might
be
numbered
amongst
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
best
Fortunes
:
He
perfectly
understood
the
value
of
so
important
a
friendship
;
he
appear'd
so
sensible
of
it
,
that
there
were
no
expressions
passionate
enough
to
thank
him
for
it
.
To
the
end
he
might
not
be
satisfied
with
this
Reconciliation
by
halves
,
he
was
willing
to
extend
it
likewise
to
the
other
two
friends
of
Monsieur
Fermat
,
who
had
undertaken
the
defence
of
his
Geometrical
Piece
de
Maximis
&
Minimis
;
he
earnestly
entreated
Father
Mersennus
to
signifie
to
them
that
he
desired
nothing
so
much
as
the
friendship
of
honest
persons
;
and
upon
this
consideration
he
put
an
high
value
upon
theirs
.
Monsieur
Pascal
made
answerable
returns
,
like
an
honourable
person
;
but
Monsieur
Roberval
quick●y
discovered
that
he
bore
no
great
good-will
●o
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
but
only
from
the
●eeth
forward
;
but
it
was
not
so
with
Monsieur
Fermat
.
But
as
it
is
usual
amongst
friends
●f
different
humours
and
designs
;
the
truth
〈◊〉
their
minds
did
not
always
keep
pace
with
●heir
hearts
.
Monsieur
Fermat
perswaded
,
as
before
,
of
the
rightness
of
his
method
(
that
is
●o
say
,
of
the
Rule
he
had
contrived
to
find
●ut
the
greatest
and
least
quantities
in
Geometry
)
found
much
ado
to
grant
the
Exceptions
Mons.
Des
Cartes
had
brought
in
,
and
to
make
〈◊〉
hold
water
.
He
maintain'd
many
Contests
about
it
,
not
with
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
himself
,
who
could
not
allow
precious
Time
and
Talents
for
Disputation
,
but
with
young
Guillot
,
who
had
been
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Domestick
,
with
Monsieur
de
Chauveau
,
who
had
been
his
Fellow-Collegian
at
La
Flesche
,
Monsieur
des
Argues
,
and
other
Mathematicians
,
who
since
this
bustle
declared
themselves
Cartesians
day
by
day
,
maugre
Monsieur
Ro●erval's
Jealousie
.
As
for
Monsieur
de
Fermat's
other
Dispute
concerning
Dioptriques
,
Des
Cartes
his
life-time
;
but
after
his
death
explain'd
his
meaning
about
it
,
after
such
a
manner
,
as
tho'
he
had
had
a
mind
to
make
us
doubt
whether
or
no
the
Philosopher
had
satisfied
him
.
Now
because
he
seem'd
from
time
to
time
to
invite
some
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
friends
to
renew
this
antient
Quarrel
;
Mons.
Rohault
answered
immediately
;
after
which
Monsieur
Clersellier
offer'd
himself
,
and
put
an
end
to
the
Controversie
,
to
the
glory
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
and
to
Monsieur
Fermat's
satisfaction
▪
who
threw
down
his
Arms
and
surrendred
.
XI
and
XII
.
M.
Petit
did
not
demur
so
long
upon
yielding
,
Des
Cartes
;
he
improved
the
advantage
he
〈◊〉
over
Monsieur
de
Fermat
upon
the
account
〈◊〉
his
Experiments
,
which
agreeing
to
a
ha●
with
the
Doctrine
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
were
very
instrumental
to
him
to
get
himself●
disabused
,
and
to
seek
to
procure
his
friendship
before
it
was
too
late
.
Yea
and
he
turned
some
few
years
after
,
one
of
the
most
zealous
Proselites
to
his
Philosophy
;
when
the
perusing
of
his
Metaphysical
Meditations
ha●
deliver'd
him
of
some
difficulties
wherewith
he
labour'd
,
concerning
the
Existence
of
God
▪
and
the
difference
between
Soul
and
Body
in
Men.
The
Controversie
that
was
a
foot
between
him
and
Monsieur
Morinus
,
Des
Cartes
valued
them
as
much
,
as
Objections
,
which
he
lookt
upon
the
most
substantial
of
all
those
that
had
been
hitherto
rais'd
against
his
new
Opinions
,
could
deserve
.
This
esteem
of
his
Objections
did
so
puff
up
Mons.
Morinus
,
who
must
needs
shew
by
a
Reply
to
his
Answer
,
that
he
was
altogether
unworthy
of
it
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
makes
a
second
Answer
,
wherewith
Monsieur
Morinus
pretended
to
be
fully
satisfied
;
but
endeavouring
to
procure
the
honour
to
write
last
,
he
makes
a
new
Reply
,
to
which
he
declares
,
he
desired
no
Answer
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
by
this
instances
the
Character
of
Mons.
Morinus
his
spirit
,
and
what
he
would
be
at
;
he
did
not
stick
to
grant
him
that
satisfaction
he
desired
,
since
it
cost
him
so
little
.
The
occasion
he
had
about
that
time
to
refute
a
dangerous
Book
,
de
Beaugrand
.
caused
him
to
compile
a
dissertation
of
Geostatiques
;
that
is
to
say
,
upon
the
Query
,
to
know
whether
a
body
weighs
more
or
less
,
being
near
the
Center
of
the
Earth
,
than
when
it
is
at
a
distance
from
it
.
The
Book
that
had
given
occasion
to
the
writing
of
it
,
had
for
its
Author
Mons.
Beaugrand
,
Secretary
to
the
King
,
indifferently
skill'd
in
Mathematicks
,
but
who
did
not
do
himself
Justice
enough
in
this
point
:
He
was
Mons.
de
Fermat's
friend
,
enemy
to
Mons.
Des
Argues
:
The
considerable
respect
he
had
for
this
last
,
had
prevail'd
with
him
to
render
but
ill
Offices
to
our
Philosopher
occasioned
by
the
Zeal
wherewith
he
perceiv'd
Mons.
Des
Cartes
apply
himself
to
serve
him
;
nay
,
and
he
could
not
forbear
letting
slip
some
strokes
of
his
bitterness
and
ill-will
in
his
Book
.
Mons.
Des
Cartes
might
perhaps
have
done
very
well
to
have
withstood
the
desire
of
those
who
induced
him
to
refute
it
,
that
he
might
not
have
made
himself
suspected
of
resentment
:
But
he
was
quickly
recovered
of
this
weakness
,
by
revoking
his
permission
of
Printing
this
Refutation
,
and
by
separating
it
from
his
small
Piece
of
Geostatiques
,
the
publication
of
which
he
did
not
intend
to
prohibit
.
XIII
,
XIV
,
XV.
It
was
at
the
same
time
that
there
was
started
a
Question
amongst
the
Mathematicians
of
France
,
des
Cartes
had
in
the
Question
.
the
famous
Question
de
la
Roulette
,
whereof
one
could
not
trace
the
least
footsteps
,
neither
among
the
Antients
,
nor
in
the
Books
of
any
of
the
Mathematicians
that
lived
till
that
time
;
notwithstanding
nothing
is
more
common
than
this
Line
,
and
no
less
frequent
in
the
business
o●
motion
than
the
right
and
Circular
Lines
.
La
roulette
,
the
rowling
,
is
nothing
else
but
the
way
in
the
Air
,
the
Nail
of
a
Wheel
describes
by
its
ordinary
motion
,
from
the
time
the
Nail
begins
to
rise
from
the
Earth
,
till
the
continued
motion
of
the
Wheel
hath
brought
it
back
again
to
the
Earth
,
after
having
finisht
a
whole
entire
round
:
Yet
in
this
definition
it
must
be
supposed
for
the
convenience
of
Geometrical
operations
,
that
the
Wheel
is
a
perfect
Circle
,
that
the
Nail
is
a
point
marked
in
the
circumference
of
the
Circle
,
and
that
the
Earth
which
toucheth
this
point
,
beginning
and
ending
its
round
,
be
perfectly
even
or
plain
.
Father
Mersennus
was
the
first
that
took
notice
of
it
,
and
who
gave
it
the
name
of
Roulette
:
He
had
a
mind
afterwards
to
understand
the
nature
and
properties
of
the
same
;
yet
not
being
so
fortunate
,
in
resolving
your
fine
Questions
,
as
framing
them
;
so
had
he
not
●enetration
enough
to
compass
this
.
This
put
●im
upon
propounding
to
others
.
Monsieur
Roberval
was
the
first
that
demonstrated
the
●he
space
of
the
Roulette
is
triple
of
the
Wheel
that
describes
it
.
After
that
Monsieur
Fermat
and
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
demonstrated
it
;
and
their
respective
Solutions
are
not
only
found
different
from
one
another
,
but
also
from
that
of
Monsieur
Roberval
.
Father
Mersennus
having
acquainted
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
that
Monsieur
Roberval
found
his
demonstration
too
●oncise
to
be
good
,
he
thereupon
received
●uch
Elucidations
as
he
desired
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
sending
him
an
ample
explication
of
his
demonstration
of
La
roulette
,
advertised
him
,
●hat
there
was
nothing
to
be
altered
in
this
demonstration
,
and
withal
that
the
Elucida●ions
that
he
adjoyn'd
thereto
,
were
not
spun
●ut
to
that
length
,
but
only
that
they
might
●e
understood
by
those
who
did
not
make
use
●f
Analysis
;
others
needing
no
more
but
three
●rokes
of
their
Pen
to
find
it
out
by
calculation
.
Amongst
divers
Questions
depending
upon
that
of
the
Roulette
,
there
were
a
great
many
things
whereof
Monsieur
Roberval
profest
himself
in
a
manner
ignorant
.
Now
for
his
Instruction
Father
Mersennus
must
hye
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
ordinary
Refuge
,
and
received
all
the
Solutions
he
and
Monsieur
Roberval
could
wish
or
desire
.
With
the
help
of
this
,
the
latter
made
two
more
Solutions
;
one
of
which
was
,
The
dimension
of
the
solid
of
the
Roulette
round
about
the
basis
:
The
other
,
The
finding
out
of
the
Tangents
of
this
Line
:
But
for
all
these
kindnesses
of
Monsieur
Des
Carte
he
was
not
so
obliging
or
grateful
as
on●
might
have
expected
.
His
dissimulation
,
a●
the
indirect
proceedings
of
his
behaviour
,
did
〈◊〉
disgust
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
that
he
would
〈◊〉
longer
concern
himself
in
what
past
since
touching
the
Roulette
.
At
the
end
of
Septe●ber
he
did
all
he
could
to
get
himself
dise●gaged
for
good
and
all
;
and
without
eve●
pretending
to
the
glory
of
this
Invention
,
which
with
all
his
heart
he
relinquisht
to
Monsieur
Roberval
,
that
he
might
apply
himself
〈◊〉
somewhat
else
;
he
writ
to
Father
Mersenn●
to
the
end
he
might
acquaint
all
the
Mathematicians
,
that
had
hand
in
the
business
,
th●●
he
would
desist
.
XVI
.
Des
Argues
,
above
all
,
coul●
not
forbear
to
testifie
his
dissatisfaction
fo●
the
same
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
took
it
kindly
at
his
hands
,
and
that
he
might
deliver
hi●
from
his
trouble
,
he
gave
him
to
understan●
by
Father
Mersennus
,
that
his
leaving
off
wa●
only
in
respect
of
abstracted
Geometry
:
Bu●
that
he
would
persist
in
improving
anothe●
sort
of
Geometry
,
conversant
about
Phoem●mena's
of
Nature
,
as
he
had
done
in
that
〈◊〉
had
writ
of
Meteors
,
&c.
He
studied
to
shew
more
precise
marks
of
esteem
for
this
friend
;
des
Argues
.
for
understanding
that
●he
passages
of
his
Printed
Geometry
,
where●n
he
had
affected
to
be
obscure
,
did
a
little
●uzzle
him
;
he
was
pleased
himself
to
give
explanation
of
them
in
a
Book
,
that
he
writ
expresly
to
that
intent
,
to
let
him
know
how
far
his
Zeal
for
to
serve
him
had
transported
●im
.
Besides
these
explanations
upon
some
hard
passages
propounded
by
Monsieur
des
Argues
,
Des
Cartes
his
Geometry
.
There
was
nothing
in
it
but
what
was
exactly
conformable
to
the
Author's
Notion
,
and
according
to
his
Intention
.
The
joy
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
conceived
at
it
,
increas'd
yet
more
when
he
perceiv'd
the
profound
penetration
wherewith
Mons.
de
Beaune
was
able
to
tell
the
meaning
of
things
that
he
had
only
inserted
in
his
Geometry
in
a
very
obscure
manner
.
Moreover
,
de
St.
Croix
,
and
M.
Frenicle
.
one
may
reckon
in
the
number
of
the
chief
Occupation
of
Mons.
Des
Carte●
this
year
,
the
Exercise
which
the
two
mo●
eminent
Arithmeticians
M.
de
St.
Croix
,
and
M.
Frenicle
put
him
upon
,
touching
several
Questions
of
Numbers
.
But
the
Answer
he
gave
to
those
M.
de
St.
Croix
put
,
in
June
,
did
so
much
fatigue
him
,
that
he
conjured
Father
Mersennus
to
send
him
no
more
of
that
nature
,
be
they
what
they
would
:
He
endeavoured
also
to
rid
himself
of
the
Problems
and
barren
Objections
of
others
,
under
the
most
plausible
pretences
he
could
possibly
imagine
.
Thus
wearied
out
by
bearing
the
burthensom
Title
of
an
Oracle
,
BOOK
IV.
From
1638
till
1641.
I.
Des
Cartes
in
France
with
Objections
and
Problems
,
they
did
nothing
almost
in
Holland
but
think
of
discarding
the
old
Philosophy
,
and
follow
his
.
The
University
of
Vtrecht
,
which
one
would
,
had
been
Cartesian
from
its
Cradle
:
After
they
had
made
Reneri
come
from
Deventer
to
anticipate
its
erection
;
it
was
insensibly
fill'd
with
the
Disciples
of
our
Philosopher
under
the
Discipline
of
this
able
Professor
.
He
that
stickled
most
was
a
young
Physician
named
Henry
de
Roy
,
alias
Regius
.
to
whom
Reneri
communicated
this
excellent
Method
he
received
from
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
whereby
to
guide
and
conduct
his
Reason
in
the
research
of
all
sorts
of
Truth
.
Regius
would
not
limit
his
knowledge
by
Reneri
,
but
went
up
as
high
as
Des
Cartes
,
for
whom
he
now
conceiv'd
an
high
esteem
.
These
were
but
the
fruits
of
having
conversation
with
Mons.
Des
Cartes
.
This
Book
at
length
came
to
appear
.
Regius
shewed
himself
the
forwardest
to
read
it
;
and
the
esteem
he
had
conceived
for
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
soon
turned
to
a
true
passion
.
He
satisfied
of
getting
the
Principles
of
his
new
Philosophy
deeply
imprinted
on
his
mind
,
the
Essays
of
which
he
found
to
jump
with
what
Reneri
had
taught
him
before
,
and
adopting
them
in
lieu
of
those
had
been
already
taught
him
in
the
Schools
;
He
betook
himself
to
digest
and
model
them
for
the
use
of
others
.
He
had
a
Colledge
where
he
actually
read
Philosophy
and
Physick
to
some
private
Students
in
the
City
:
And
that
he
might
not
be
diverted
from
the
Study
of
M.
Des
Cartes
his
Philosophy
,
he
thought
fitting
to
set
it
down
in
Sheets
,
and
so
distribute
it
amongst
his
Scholars
under
the
name
of
Physiology
,
according
as
he
comprehended
it
.
The
simpleness
of
the
Hypothesis
,
the
pretty
concatenation
of
Principles
and
Reasonings
,
the
neatness
,
clearness
,
and
easiness
wherewith
he
made
them
deduce
the
Truth
from
them
,
did
transport
them
to
that
degree
,
that
without
remaining
within
the
bounds
of
ordinary
acknowledgment
to
a
Master
,
they
perceived
themselves
so
extremely
obliged
,
that
they
fram'd
a
kind
of
a
League
amongst
themselves
to
lay
their
heads
together
to
procure
his
advancement
,
and
use
their
utmost
to
get
him
some
place
,
either
in
the
University
,
or
in
the
Councel
of
the
City
:
A
little
while
after
there
was
a
great
talk
of
settling
a
new
Professorship
of
Physick
for
Botanny
&
Theory
.
Regius
his
Scholars
,
most
of
them
Youths
of
good
Families
,
thought
then
that
the
occasion
they
sought
for
was
at
hand
,
and
they
spared
neither
their
Relations
nor
Friends
to
obtain
the
plurality
of
Votes
in
the
Senate
in
favour
of
him
.
Regius
had
powerful
Competitors
,
but
the
approbation
his
Physiology
gain'd
,
accompanied
with
the
difference
that
men
observed
in
the
manner
of
arguing
,
that
distinguished
his
Disciples
from
those
of
the
Publick
and
Vulgar
Scholars
,
extorted
belief
that
he
must
have
a
particular
Philosophy
,
and
that
he
must
needs
be
an
excellent
Master
in
the
Art
or
Method
of
Instructing
.
This
was
the
business
that
prevailed
with
the
Magistrates
to
prefer
him
before
others
worthy
to
fill
the
Chair
;
and
so
they
caused
all
the
Professors
of
the
University
,
whose
minds
Reneri
had
disposed
,
willingly
to
receive
him
for
their
Collegue
.
Regius
believed
himself
particularly
obliged
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
for
the
success
of
this
business
,
whose
Philosophy
had
produc'd
in
him
that
desert
,
that
had
made
him
carry
it
before
his
Fellow-Candidates
.
He
assumed
the
liberty
by
his
first
Letter
bearing
date
the
18th
of
August
,
to
give
him
many
thanks
for
that
important
Service
he
had
render'd
him
,
without
knowing
of
it
.
He
conjur'd
him
next
not
to
forsake
his
own
bandy-work
,
and
not
to
refuse
him
the
Assistances
necessary
to
keep
up
this
new
acquired
Reputation
;
he
promised
on
his
part
to
do
whatsoever
was
within
the
sphere
of
his
Activity
,
that
he
might
deserve
the
quality
of
his
Disciple
,
which
he
preferr'd
to
all
the
advantages
of
his
Life
;
and
that
he
would
tread
in
Reneri's
steps
as
close
as
he
possibly
could
.
To
put
himself
forth
with
Impossession
of
the
Priviledges
and
Rights
annexed
to
this
Quality
,
he
sends
him
his
Essays
of
Physick
,
that
he
might
examine
and
correct
them
with
all
the
severity
of
a
Master
;
and
he
demanded
of
him
all
the
Objections
that
had
been
lately
made
against
the
Circulation
of
Blood
,
together
with
his
Answers
.
II.
Des
Cartes
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
who
had
been
inform'd
of
what
had
past
at
Vtrecht
by
Reneri
,
who
came
to
Egmond
to
visit
him
in
the
month
of
August
,
granted
Regius
his
Friendship
,
with
all
the
Benefits
it
might
produce
.
He
had
but
little
violence
to
do
his
will
,
to
give
him
what
he
demanded
concerning
Physick
,
because
it
was
actually
his
Profession
,
and
because
he
was
apprehensive
of
what
great
importance
it
was
prudently
to
manage
the
Zeal
of
so
well-affected
a
Disciple
.
He
just
made
an
end
of
his
abridged
Medicine
,
Compendiu●
Medecinae
,
which
he
had
fetched
partly
from
Books
,
and
partly
from
his
Reasonings
;
and
he
judged
he
might
lay
up
this
Work
in
store
,
to
serve
him
to
obtain
some
delay
of
Nature
,
and
to
retard
grey
hairs
which
began
to
grow
upon
him
.
Reneri
and
Regius
were
not
the
only
two
Friends
he
had
in
Holland
,
Des
Cartes
his
Friends
in
Holland
.
or
that
his
Philosophy
had
for
Admirers
in
and
about
Vtrecht
.
He
could
reckon
besides
of
the
Professors
,
Antonius
,
Emilius
,
Cyprianus
,
Regneri
;
and
amongst
the
Magistrates
of
the
City
,
Mr.
Vander
Hoolcks
,
Van
Leew
,
Parmentier
,
&c.
besides
the
two
Van
Dams
Physicians
,
the
two
Waessinaers
Mathematicians
,
Mademoyselle
,
Ainna
Maria
Scharmans
,
and
her
Brother
John
Alphons●
,
Officer
in
the
Army
,
Godfrey
de
Hoestrech
,
a
Gentleman
of
Liege
retired
near
Vtrecht
.
There
is
no
fewer
of
them
at
Amsterdam
,
Leiden
,
and
the
Hague
,
where
all
Persons
of
worth
and
reputation
took
it
for
an
honour
to
be
acquainted
with
him
.
Yet
the
Idea
we
have
of
the
Country
,
should
not
make
us
suppose
that
his
Friendship
did
terminate
in
Protestants
.
All
the
Catholicks
whatsoever
,
of
never
so
little
Note
,
were
his
Friends
;
we
may
reckon
in
the
upper
rank
of
his
chief
Friends
Cornelius
de
Hoogheland
a
Gentleman
of
Leiden
,
John
Albert
Bannius
;
the
other
,
Augustin
Aelstein
Bl●emart
,
who
had
a
huge
Estate
by
Inheritance
,
great
Almoner
for
the
Poor
,
his
Correspondent
as
to
Letters
&
Pacquets
that
were
directed
to
him
;
They
were
both
good
Mathematicians
,
Lovers
of
Peace
and
the
Liberal
Sciences
,
Vertuous
,
of
a
frugal
and
exemplary
Life
amongst
the
Protestants
,
whose
respect
and
affection
they
had
almost
generally
won
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
sallied
sometimes
from
his
retirement
at
Egmond
to
go
see
them
at
Harlem
,
or
else
in
a
Country
House
not
far
from
thence
.
Seeing
they
were
no
better
Drinkers
nor
Gamesters
,
then
the
Collation
they
had
amongst
them
,
was
only
a
Consort
of
Musick
,
whereat
Bannius
did
use
to
Entertain
them
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
whose
Friendship
never
proved
barren
or
useless
,
render'd
them
about
the
end
of
this
Year
very
considerable
Service
with
the
P.
of
Orange
,
and
High
and
Mighty
State
,
by
the
Mediation
of
M.
Zuitlechem
,
and
other
Lords
,
his
Friends
,
who
were
in
repute
.
III.
Des
Cartes
long
enjoy
the
double
pleasure
to
see
his
Principles
publickly
taught
in
the
Philosophy
and
Physick
Schools
at
Vtrecht
,
by
the
two
Ablest
Professors
in
the
University
.
Scarce
was
Regius
settled
in
his
new
Professorship
,
but
they
lost
Reneri
at
the
middle
of
March
1639.
upon
his
very
Wedding-Day
,
after
he
had
lived
45
Years
.
His
Funeral
Rites
were
perform'd
with
a
great
deal
of
Splendor
and
Magnificence
in
the
great
Church
of
that
City
,
at
which
appear'd
in
a
Body
the
Senate
,
or
Magistrates
with
the
University
.
The
Funeral
Oration
was
pronounced
the
next
day
in
the
Name
of
the
University
by
Antonius
Emilius
,
Professor
of
Rhetorick
and
History
.
They
admired
the
Eloquence
of
the
Discourse
;
and
the
Oratour
sensibly
moved
them
by
his
pertinent
Reflections
:
But
they
presently
saw
that
it
tended
no
less
to
the
making
a
Panegyrick
on
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
then
alive
,
Des
Cartes
,
pronounced
public●ly
at
Vtrecht
,
by
order
of
the
Senate
.
than
to
be
the
Funeral
Oration
of
the
deceased
Reneri
.
The
chief
praise
that
Emilius
gave
to
the
illustrious
Defunct
,
which
they
respected
as
the
principal
support
,
and
fairest
Ornament
of
this
Infant
University
,
was
,
for
that
he
shewed
Courage
enough
to
pack
off
the
Ancients
,
and
free
himself
from
their
Authority
,
and
that
of
the
Moderns
too
who
preceded
him
,
to
the
end
he
might
possess
the
Liberty
that
God
hath
granted
to
our
Reason
,
to
govern
and
conduct
it self
in
the
research
of
Truth
,
which
is
the
only
Mistress
we
are
obliged
to
Court
;
This
was
an
Heroick
resolution
incident
only
to
high-born
Spirits
of
the
first
rank
.
But
Monsieur
des
Cartes
must
needs
be
the
Director
of
this
Enterprize
,
who
first
inspired
it
into
him
,
as
he
did
into
some
others
who
had
closely
adhered
to
him
from
the
very
beginning
of
his
Retirement
in
Holland
.
Emilius
extol'd
with
wonderful
Eloquence
,
the
great
Progress
Reneri
had
made
in
the
knowledge
of
Nature
,
under
a
Leader
of
this
Quality
.
He
magnified
with
the
liveliest
Colours
of
Rhetorick
,
the
benefit
both
City
and
University
had
reap'd
from
the
disposition
of
Reneri
,
that
he
was
capable
to
reach
there
the
Principles
of
true
Philosophy
,
which
he
pretended
did
remain
unknown
to
Mankind
till
Des
Cartes
his
time
.
The
Auditory
seem'd
perswaded
of
it
;
and
the
Magistrates
after
they
had
honoured
this
fine
discourse
with
their
Approbation
,
gave
order
it
should
be
printed
,
and
publickly
distributed
under
their
Authority
,
as
well
to
honour
the
Memory
of
their
Professor
,
as
to
demonstrate
convincing
Proofs
of
their
acknowledgment
for
the
signal
Service
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
rendered
in
forming
such
a
Disciple
.
Emilius
that
had
long
sought
an
opportunity
to
gain
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Acquaintance
,
received
,
as
a
Piece
of
Providence
,
the
Order
that
the
Magistrates
sent
him
,
to
make
an
Encomium
upon
him
,
and
upon
the
new
Philosophy
in
his
Funeral
Oration
for-Monsieur
Reneri
.
After
he
had
spoke
it
,
he
sent
him
a
written
Copy
of
it
with
a
Letter
full
fraught
with
Respect
and
Esteem
,
upon
pretence
that
this
discourse
personally
relating
to
him
,
and
the
Magistracy
having
ordered
the
Publication
of
the
same
,
it
was
but
convenient
that
he
should
see
what
ought
to
be
corrected
therein
,
before
it
went
to
the
Press
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
was
put
to
the
blush
upon
reading
so
many
and
great
Elogiums
;
but
since
he
had
nothing
to
do
to
contradict
the
Judgment
and
Conduct
of
the
Chief
Magistrate
,
he
durst
not
meddle
with
it
.
Some
time
after
,
he
gave
out
that
he
had
not
suffer'd
these
Elogiums
,
but
because
it
was
not
in
his
power
to
suppress
them
.
For
Emilius
sending
him
a
Copy
of
Verses
with
too
much
Confidence
that
he
had
composed
upon
the
same
Subject
,
to
desire
to
know
how
he
liked
them
;
and
demanding
them
again
of
him
,
because
he
had
not
kept
a
Copy
of
them
,
desiring
to
Print
them
:
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
sought
for
an
Excuse
for
not
sending
them
back
;
and
he
took
his
revenge
as
well
as
he
could
by
this
Suppression
for
offending
his
Bashfulness
and
Modesty
in
Monsieur
Reneri's
Funeral
Oration
.
The
loss
which
Regius
in
particular
had
sustain'd
of
an
excellent
Director
of
his
Studies
in
the
Death
of
Reneri
,
made
him
have
fresh
recourse
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
.
He
conjured
him
that
he
would
please
to
afford
him
that
place
with
him
,
that
the
deceased
possessed
;
adding
moreover
,
That
if
so
be
he
would
grant
his
request
in
this
particular
,
he
should
esteem
himself
as
happy
as
if
he
were
wrap'd
up
to
the
Third
Heavens
.
'T
is
most
certain
,
first
Disciple
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
;
he
was
endowed
,
as
to
his
Qualifications
of
Mind
,
with
Talents
fit
to
maintain
his
rank
with
the
Dignity
and
Abilities
necessary
for
it
;
his
Profession
of
Medicine
joyn'd
with
Physicks
,
afforded
him
a
good
opportunity
for
it
,
and
the
advantage
that
neither
of
the
other
Philosophers
of
Holland
and
France
had
,
who
did
not
●ead
and
teach
publickly
,
and
were
Philosophers
for
none
but
for
themselves
;
yet
it
might
have
been
wish'd
for
his
own
particu●ar
reputation
,
that
Reneri
when
he
instructed
him
in
the
Method
and
Principles
of
this
Philosopher
,
had
known
how
withall
to
have
●nspired
him
with
his
Modesty
and
Prudence
.
After
Reneri's
death
,
they
augmented
his
Sallery
by
so
much
more
than
it
was
,
and
●nnexed
his
Professorship
,
to
a
new
Employment
,
which
consisted
in
explaining
Problems
●n
Physicks
at
such
time
when
he
was
not
busie
about
Botanny
,
that
is
to
say
,
in
explaining
the
Nature
of
Plants
and
Simples
.
He
communicated
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
the
Joy
he
had
conceived
at
this
new
Commission
,
because
●t
presented
him
with
new
opportunities
of
●eaching
and
understanding
his
Philosophy
;
he
had
under-hand
cunningly
sued
for
this
Employment
,
which
pass'd
for
a
piece
of
Super●rrogation
in
the
University
;
and
M.
Voetius
had
been
very
serviceable
and
instrumental
to
him
in
prosecuting
this
design
,
he
was
Professor
in
Divinity
,
and
at
that
time
a
great
Promoter
of
his
Interests
.
But
that
which
he
had
an
Eye
most
upon
as
a
considerable
advantage
to
make
his
parts
appear
,
and
to
make
pass
for
Currant
the
new
Opinions
of
Physicks
and
Medicine
,
which
the
ancient
Peripaticians
and
Gallenist●
would
not
suffer
with
their
good
will
,
that
they
should
be
taught
in
the
School●
where
they
were
Lords
Paramount
,
became
afterwards
a
pretence
to
the
very
same
Voetius
,
of
fomenting
a
troublesome
Dissention
;
〈◊〉
little
Conduct
he
was
Master
of
,
was
the
cau●●
of
much
perplexity
and
incumbrance
that
〈◊〉
heavy
upon
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
and
occasi●●
at
length
of
a
tedious
Process
he
was
oblige●
to
carry
on
very
prejudicial
to
him
,
and
〈◊〉
ways
comporting
with
his
Solitude
and
Tra●
quillity
of
his
Life
.
IV.
No
body
at
that
time
was
more
promoted
nor
look'd
upon
than
Voetius
in
the
University
of
Vtrecht
;
Professor
Primari●
in
Divinity
,
besides
Chief
Minister
or
Past●●
in
the
City
;
He
assumed
,
wherever
he
went
such
a
triumphant
huffing
Air
,
that
he
broug●●
with
him
from
the
Synod
of
Dordrecht
or
〈◊〉
where
he
chanced
to
be
of
the
Victorio●●
Party
;
that
is
to
say
,
of
those
,
who
being
assisted
with
the
Sword
,
and
Authority
〈◊〉
P.
Maurice
,
had
accomplished
their
aim
in
condemning
the
Party
of
the
Remonstrants
,
an●
he
had
acquired
in
the
City
a
sort
of
Authority
over
Men's
Spirits
,
by
I
cannot
tell
what
reputation
of
Gravity
and
Sufficiency
;
He
ha●
a
Spirit
naturally
prone
to
contention
an●
wrangling
,
and
spoil'd
by
reading
the
Polemicks
of
the
Controvertists
of
his
Party
,
and
of
Books
of
Irreligion
,
and
Boufonnery
,
where
in
he
had
spent
a
great
deal
of
time
.
He
wa●
of
a
very
Whimsical
maggotish
Humour
,
bu●
of
an
ordinary
mean
Judgment
and
Superficial
Learning
.
The
good
Qualities
that
he
might
challenge
for
his
own
,
were
supported
with
a
spice
of
Love
for
himself
,
accompanied
with
an
inward
scorn
of
all
those
he
was
not
Master
of
.
Insomuch
,
that
being
accustomed
by
a
long
habit
not
to
esteem
what
he
did
not
understand
,
and
not
understanding
in
Philosophy
whatsoever
was
not
comprehended
within
the
limits
of
trivial
Scholasticism
,
one
might
have
pardoned
him
the
little
relish
and
aversion
that
he
had
had
at
first
sight
for
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Works
,
if
he
had
not
been
allarm'd
●t
it
,
as
a
pernicious
Novelty
,
which
it
beho●ed
him
to
exterminate
.
The
reverence
that
was
due
to
Reneri
,
had
stopt
his
Mouth
till
his
Death
;
but
going
prepossess'd
to
his
Funeral
Oration
,
the
unexpected
Encomiums
he
there
heard
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
fill'd
him
with
so
much
jealousy
,
that
he
came
from
it
with
a
resolution
to
set
●work
all
that
ever
his
Industry
could
supply
him
with
,
to
destroy
this
Novelty
.
Nevertheless
,
the
Approbation
wherewith
the
Magistracy
back'd
these
Encomiums
,
obliged
him
to
slacken
his
Career
that
he
might
not
unseasonably
come
to
Daggers-drawing
with
his
Superiours
;
wherefore
setting
aside
what
was
within
the
Verge
of
Philosophy
,
against
which
it
was
not
safe
nor
becoming
to
shew
his
teeth
,
he
reduc'd
his
intent
only
to
heap
together
what
might
any-ways
relate
to
Divinity
,
in
the
Discourse
and
Method
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
;
as
the
subject
matter
of
his
censures
,
endeavouring
by
this
means
to
banish
his
Philosophy
out
of
the
University
,
as
destructive
to
the
Protestant
Religion
and
Tranquillity
of
the
States
of
the
United
Provinces
.
He
began
his
Hostilities
with
some
Theseses
he
composed
in
June
,
An.
1639.
concerning
Atheism
,
and
for
the
observing
some
order
in
the
Productions
of
his
ill-will
,
he
refrain'd
from
nominating
at
first
dash
the
person
he
had
a
design
upon
,
and
contented
himself
only
to
lay
the
foundation
of
his
Calumny
wherewith
he
thought
he
must
load
him
,
that
he
might
have
his
end
,
to
ruin
him
.
This
Calumny
,
in
which
he
hath
still
persisted
since
,
consisted
in
making
M.
Des
Cartes
pass
for
an
Atheist
:
and
to
the
end
that
one
should
not
be
deceived
in
taking
another
for
him
,
he
scattered
up
and
down
in
his
Theseses
amongst
the
Criterians
of
Atheism
,
all
the
things
he
knew
to
be
ascribed
to
Mr.
D.
C.
by
the
common
report
.
V.
These
first
steps
of
Voetius
open'd
Regi●●
his
Eyes
,
But
,
altho'
he
left
his
Auditors
to
their
liberty
of
believing
,
or
not
believing
Problems
;
yet
did
he
not
refuse
occasions
to
demonstrate
the
ridiculousness
or
weakness
of
ancient
Opinions
.
This
Cunning
way
,
contrived
insensibly
to
destroy
the
Principles
of
the
vulgar
Philosophy
in
vogue
in
the
Schools
,
proved
yet
more
dangerous
to
it
,
than
his
open
and
Sincere
manner
of
teaching
Des
Cartes
his
Principles
in
his
Lectures
of
Medicine
.
This
is
that
which
put
his
Colleagues
to
their
trumps
,
who
conserved
some
value
for
that
Philosophy
which
had
been
taught
them
;
who
thought
it
was
very
much
for
them
to
grant
Regius
the
Permission
to
teach
the
new
Opinions
together
with
the
old
.
Regius
not
submitting
enough
(
out
of
his
Writings
and
Lectures
)
to
cape
the
meaning
and
drift
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
Florentius
Schuyl
,
who
proved
a
notable
Cartesian
afterward
,
for
all
that
.
The
Opponent
that
disputed
,
had
compos'd
his
Arguments
according
to
the
Opinions
of
the
New
Philosophy
,
and
he
had
chosen
the
Nature
and
Properties
of
the
Loadstone
for
the
subject
of
them
—
The
Respondent
,
notwithstanding
otherwise
well
verss'd
in
his
Dictates
,
and
Papers
of
his
Master
,
seem'd
a
little
gravelled
;
but
the
Professor
interposing
to
bring
him
off
,
up
starts
Regius
,
and
without
respecting
either
the
Assembly
;
or
Professors
Duty
,
interrupts
him
,
very
indecently
insults
over
him
,
and
would
fain
have
adjudged
the
Victory
to
the
Opponent
,
which
Civility
and
Custom
might
have
obliged
him
to
suffer
the
Respondent
to
bear
away
.
This
Action
which
we
have
had
an
account
of
,
from
none
besides
his
Enemies
,
did
offend
the
Professors
of
the
University
in
general
,
and
made
them
willing
to
hearken
to
what
Voetius
could
hint
to
them
against
the
Innovations
.
The
Exercises
a
few
days
after
put
an
end
to
this
Thesis
,
and
Regius
writing
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
the
14th
of
July
,
when
Vacation
begins
,
would
be
sure
to
acquaint
him
what
he
had
done
at
the
Act.
He
only
gave
him
to
understand
,
That
he
had
finished
his
Publick
Course
of
Medicine
for
that
Year
,
that
he
still
strictly
adhered
to
his
Principles
and
Method
;
and
passionately
desir'd
he
might
conser
with
him
about
the
best
way
of
making
a
new
Course
the
ensuing
Year
,
which
begun
after
the
Fair
in
August
,
according
to
the
regulation
of
the
University
.
Altho'
his
measures
to
go
for
Egmond
were
broken
,
Des
Cartes
gives
him
.
by
the
need
that
his
Wifes
bigness
had
of
his
presence
,
yet
did
he
not
for
all
that
spare
Mons.
Des
Cartes
his
time
—
He
scarce
did
any
thing
else
all
along
September
and
October
,
but
answer
the
Consultations
of
this
Professor
.
How
tedious
and
how
frequent
soever
these
Letters
of
this
Zealous
Disciple
were
,
yet
did
he
not
grudge
his
time
to
Instruct
him
;
because
he
thought
he
should
not
be
sorry
for
it
as
ill
spent
.
The
Importance
of
the
Queries
and
Difficulties
he
propounded
to
him
,
hindered
him
to
take
care
to
put
him
in
a
condition
of
establishing
his
Principles
.
Their
main
hinge
was
,
of
the
difficulty
of
the
nature
of
Angels
,
upon
the
nature
of
man's
Souls
,
of
its
Union
with
the
Body
,
of
the
Soul
of
Beasts
and
Plants
,
of
Life
,
Motion
of
the
the
Heart
,
and
upon
the
Circulation
of
the
Blood
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
brought
this
last
Question
into
great
request
amongst
the
learned
,
Des
Cartes
,
by
his
Friend
Plempius
,
a
Physician
of
Louvain
.
Now
altho'
this
last
seem'd
to
remain
satisfy'd
with
his
Answer
,
yet
did
he
afterward
an
Action
unworthy
of
their
Friendship
;
he
thought
fit
for
the
inhancing
the
splendour
of
his
own
Reputation
to
mention
in
a
Book
that
he
was
〈◊〉
going
to
put
out
,
what
had
pass'd
between
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
and
he
,
touching
the
two
Questions
of
the
Motion
of
the
Heart
,
and
of
the
Circulation
of
Blood
;
He
,
to
this
effect
,
gave
all
the
gloss
that
was
necessary
to
the
Objections
he
had
made
to
him
,
but
when
they
came
to
the
Answers
to
them
that
he
received
,
he
was
so
far
from
behaving
himself
towards
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
as
a
Friend
who
deserved
to
be
respected
,
that
he
was
not
so
faithful
to
these
Answers
as
is
requisite
even
in
Adversaries
that
confu●c
one
another
,
and
look
upon
one
another
as
Enemies
.
Regius
was
exasperated
at
such
unhandsome
Carriage
,
and
having
confronted
his
Book
with
the
Answers
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
made
to
his
Objections
,
he
could
no
longer
smother
the
indignation
that
made
him
snatch
up
his
Pen
to
signifie
his
resentments
to
Des
Cartes
.
He
set
out
the
ingratitude
and
deceitful
dealing
of
Plempius
in
such
lively
Colours
,
that
one
cannot
express
in
any
Language
as
he
spoke
them
,
without
running
into
the
like
transports
of
Anger
against
such
a
dirty
,
smooty
Behaviour
.
He
says
,
That
as
for
the
places
where
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
discovers
the
most
hidden
Secrets
of
Nature
,
wherein
consisted
the
main
stress
of
his
Answers
;
Plempius
hath
been
so
malicious
as
to
play
the
Mute
,
or
at
least
to
pass
by
the
greatest
part
of
them
:
and
as
for
those
which
he
doth
relate
,
he
so
maims
them
,
that
he
quite
spoils
the
sense
of
them
.
That
in
the
place
where
he
treats
of
the
Circulation
of
Blood
,
he
is
content
only
barely
to
relate
the
difficulties
,
as
if
no
body
had
answered
them
;
altho'
the
Answers
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
made
to
them
were
very
convincing
ones
.
That
in
the
place
where
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
relates
several
Causes
,
which
being
joyn'd
together
,
produce
the
beating
of
the
heart
;
Plempius
introduces
but
one
of
them
,
which
is
heat
.
If
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
after
he
has
alledg'd
Reasons
necessary
for
the
evincing
a
thing
;
add
thereto
some
others
less
convincing
in
order
to
a
great
Illustration
of
the
Point
;
Plempius
is
so
treacherous
and
unfaithful
as
to
insist
only
upon
this
last
Reason
,
as
tho'
it
had
been
produced
for
an
Essential
or
Fundamental
one
;
and
leaving
you
to
suppose
that
this
might
be
the
only
one
,
that
could
have
been
alledged
by
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
he
labours
to
make
him
ridiculous
,
which
he
goes
about
to
do
in
places
he
doth
not
understand
.
Plempius
hath
now
forgotten
what
formerly
he
writ
,
that
he
did
not
believe
one
could
be
able
to
charge
Mons.
Des
Cartes
,
of
having
ever
uttered
any
false
thing
,
or
but
an
idle
trifle
.
But
if
he
thought
good
to
revoke
the
Praises
he
gave
him
,
it
was
sorry
pittiful
retraction
to
blot
them
out
with
injuries
.
Mons.
Des
Cartes
seem'd
not
at
all
concern'd
at
such
uncouth
behaviour
,
and
was
once
of
the
mind
only
to
oppose
them
by
silence
.
Regius
did
not
judge
so
;
he
reveng'd
his
Masters
Cause
in
such
a
manner
,
that
probably
made
Plempius
open
his
Eyes
;
seeing
he
hath
altered
his
Opinion
about
the
Circulation
of
Blood
,
to
embrace
that
of
Mons.
Des
Cartes
.
VI.
In
the
Month
of
November
,
Des
Cartes
,
that
admired
almost
nothing
,
dissembling
his
purpose
,
answered
,
that
he
did
not
think
it
such
an
admirable
thing
,
that
some
should
be
found
that
could
demonstrate
Coniques
more
easily
than
Apolonius
;
but
,
that
one
might
propose
some
other
things
about
Coniques
,
that
a
Child
of
Sixteen
would
have
much
ado
to
resolve
.
Not
having
a
mind
to
refer
himself
to
any
concerning
the
matter
of
fact
,
but
to
the
Testimony
of
his
own
Eyes
;
for
Mersennus
was
to
send
him
a
Copy
of
the
Treatise
;
He
had
not
read
the
half
of
it
,
but
he
judged
that
Monsieur
des
Argues
had
share
in
Composing
it
,
upon
pretence
that
he
was
there
quoted
:
Understanding
after
clearing
of
some
doubts
touching
the
matter
in
hand
,
that
there
was
no
likelihood
that
his
friend
Monsieur
des
Argues
had
the
least
hand
in
it
;
he
rather
believed
that
Monsieur
Pascal
the
Father
was
Author
of
it
,
than
be
perswaded
that
a
Boy
of
Sixteen
Years
could
be
capable
of
Composing
such
a
strong
Piece
of
Work
.
This
great
Man's
doubt
proved
much
more
glorious
to
this
Prodigy
in
Nature
,
than
the
admiration
of
all
those
who
are
certain
of
the
matter
of
fact
.
His
Incredulity
was
not
only
grounded
upon
the
want
of
Age
and
likelihood
;
it
had
another
foundation
still
,
even
the
Project
of
a
brave
Design
about
Coniques
,
that
Monsieur
des
Argues
had
lately
got
Father
Mersennus
to
send
him
.
But
he
did
not
in
the
least
suspect
Monsieur
Mydorge
to
have
contributed
his
Assistance
or
Name
to
young
Monsieur
Pascal
,
altho'
they
see
his
four
Books
of
Coniques
come
out
of
the
Press
that
same
year
;
and
tho'
he
was
ignorant
what
this
friend
had
already
done
upon
the
same
Subject
some
years
before
.
At
the
same
time
Monsieur
de
Beaune
,
de
Beaune
.
who
was
no
less
one
of
his
friends
than
Monsieur
Mydorge
,
and
Monsieur
des
Argues
,
put
him
upon
the
Solution
of
divers
Questions
that
he
propounded
to
him
about
Mathematicks
;
and
under
a
pretence
to
discourse
with
him
upon
his
own
designs
,
he
endeavoured
to
pump
out
the
Communication
of
his
,
in
one
of
the
Answers
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
gave
him
.
This
saying
chanced
to
escape
from
him
,
that
his
Physicks
were
nothing
else
but
Mechanicks
;
and
he
declared
something
to
him
as
his
Confident
,
that
he
would
not
otherwise
have
told
,
because
that
the
proof
of
it
depended
upon
his
World
.
Monsieur
de
Beaune
suffer'd
this
Advertisement
to
persist
:
He
used
many
instant
Intreaties
to
prevail
with
him
to
publish
his
World
,
which
the
accident
that
befel
Galilaeus
,
had
made
him
to
keep
close
under
Lock
and
Key
:
But
not
being
able
to
accomplish
his
desire
,
altho'
he
was
at
that
very
time
the
only
He
of
all
his
friends
,
to
whom
he
was
mos●
unlikely
to
refuse
any
thing
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
quitted
his
abode
at
Egmond
some
time
ago
,
and
was
retired
〈◊〉
Haderwick
.
Regius
finding
he
was
still
too
〈◊〉
distant
from
him
,
thought
with
himself
tha●
if
he
did
but
once
peep
out
of
his
Solitude
〈◊〉
North-Holland
,
any
other
place
would
be
indifferent
to
him
:
Wherefore
he
begg'd
〈◊〉
him
that
he
would
please
to
come
neare●●
Vtrecht
,
as
well
for
the
satisfaction
of
several
of
his
friends
in
the
City
,
as
for
another
grea●
convenience
he
should
have
of
consulting
him
nearer
hand
.
He
came
therefore
some
few
Months
after
to
lodge
in
a
Country-house
near
that
City
,
de
Haestrecht
his
friend
:
But
whether
it
was
by
reason
the
Winter
was
vehement
in
the
Country
,
or
that
he
apprehended
Voetius
practices
,
I
know
not
;
but
away
goes
he
at
the
beginning
of
the
Year
after
,
to
live
at
Leiden
,
where
he
had
yet
more
friends
than
he
had
at
Vtrecht
.
Besides
Monsieur
de
Hooghland
,
a
Catholick
Gentleman
,
and
some
Magistrates
;
he
might
have
well
reckoned
the
half
of
the
Professors
,
the
chief
of
which
was
Golius
,
Schuchen
and
Salmatius
,
Son
to
a
Councellor
in
the
Parliament
in
Bourgundy
,
without
forgetting
Rivet
,
who
was
of
Poictou
,
with
another
Minister
of
the
place
called
Abraham
Heide
,
alias
Heidanus
.
This
last
,
Des
Cartes
profest
to
be
a
friend
to
none
of
them
,
the
extraordinary
merit
of
Monsieur
Heidanus
made
him
presently
except
him
out
of
the
number
:
He
was
not
only
satisfied
to
be
a
follower
of
his
Philosophy
,
as
others
were
,
but
he
was
also
the
Protector
and
Supporter
of
it
;
having
the
name
of
the
most
Eloquent
Preacher
in
the
Country
,
so
he
most
advantageously
improved
it
,
to
instill
into
his
Auditors
the
value
he
himself
put
upon
this
Philosophy
,
from
which
he
deduc'd
his
Arguments
,
Comparisons
and
Explanations
,
that
made
him
be
cry'd
up
and
admired
.
It
did
not
fare
so
with
Rivet
,
Des
Cartes
.
All
his
friendship
consisted
in
nothing
else
in
a
manner
,
but
in
a
kind
of
an
itching
humour
he
had
to
speak
of
him
continually
in
his
Letters
,
and
in
his
Company
:
The
least
Toys
in
the
World
were
Subjects
good
enough
for
him
to
write
to
Father
Mersennus
,
to
Monsieur
Gassendus
,
and
other
Virtuoso's
of
France
,
provided
he
could
but
bring
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
in
by
head
and
shoulders
.
He
it
was
that
inform'd
them
concerning
the
so
much
talk't
of
wager
about
Mathematicks
,
between
young
Wasseneur
and
Stampion
,
where
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
was
present
,
drawn
in
by
the
indiscretion
and
ill-will
of
the
latter
;
notwithstanding
Wasseneur's
Victory
was
very
glorious
;
for
our
Philosopher
,
who
went
publickly
for
his
Master
,
yet
he
managed
this
business
but
as
a
piece
of
Merriment
,
which
was
not
worthy
of
Rivet's
disturbance
,
nor
the
curiosity
of
the
Mathematicians
of
France
.
In
the
mean
time
there
was
a
Book
past
the
Press
at
the
Hague
,
Des
Cartes
.
writ
against
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
;
it
was
the
first
of
all
the
Works
that
had
ever
been
undertaken
to
ruin
his
Philosophy
.
That
the
Author
should
come
off
well
in
the
matter
,
was
a
business
of
great
consequence
,
to
the
end
that
other
Adversaries
that
were
to
bring
up
the
Reer
,
might
from
thence
take
a
good
Omen
.
The
Author
run
a
risque
in
appearing
first
in
the
Combat
:
Yet
had
he
the
discretion
to
conceal
his
Name
,
that
he
might
not
expose
himself
as
a
Laughing-stock
in
case
of
bad
success
.
The
Event
justified
his
Prudence
:
The
Book
came
abroad
for
a
New-years-gift
in
the
year
1640.
The
great
Name
of
the
Man
that
he
attaqued
,
provok'd
the
curiosity
of
some
to
see
it
;
and
it
was
not
long
before
it
was
in
the
hands
of
the
ingenious
in
France
and
England
;
the
business
prov'd
the
Glory
and
Renown
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
;
they
dispens'd
with
the
Author
as
to
his
Name
,
only
they
took
it
very
ill
to
see
that
this
Anonymous
Fellow
had
not
answered
the
Expectation
of
those
,
that
required
something
besides
idle
Stories
against
a
Philosopher
,
who
was
brought
in
question
,
and
was
to
be
confuted
in
good
earnest
.
Mons.
Des
Cartes
seem'd
to
be
the
same
Man
he
was
for
all
that
,
and
even
let
this
Mist
vanish
of
it self
.
Voetius
in
the
interim
cast
about
in
Vtrecht
,
Des
Cartes
as
to
his
Reputation
,
and
to
have
him
declar'd
an
Enemy
to
the
Reformed
Religion
and
Protestant
Churches
;
●ay
and
by
those
too
that
honoured
him
most
with
their
kindnesses
.
He
had
caused
Acts
to
be
kept
a
second
and
third
time
,
wherein
he
had
rubb'd
up
the
old
Sore
,
reviving
the
Scandal
of
Atheism
against
him
,
on
purpose
by
little
and
little
to
prepare
the
Spirit
of
the
People
,
and
to
cause
the
Magistrates
at
length
to
change
their
good
disposition
towards
him
.
But
now
to
effect
this
design
,
Regius
was
mark'd
out
for
Ruin
;
this
is
what
he
mainly
laboured
after
,
canvassing
his
Lectures
and
Writings
to
find
something
that
might
bear
an
Action
.
He
begun
at
the
Examination
of
the
new
Opinions
which
Regius
vented
in
his
Chair
,
where
he
read
Physick
,
and
laid
to
his
charge
before
his
Colleagues
whatsoever
was
amiss
,
and
not
conformable
to
the
Antient
Physicians
and
Philosophers
established
and
allowed
on
in
the
Universities
of
Holland
;
his
Complaints
broke
out
at
〈◊〉
upon
the
account
of
an
Act
or
Publick
Disputation
the
Professors
were
to
keep
the
Tenth
day
of
June
concerning
the
Circulation
of
Blood
,
which
he
taught
according
to
the
Hypothesis
of
Harvey
and
Des
Cartes
,
which
still
past
but
for
an
Heresie
amongst
the
ignorant
and
opinionative
:
He
went
so
far
as
to
make
the
most
part
of
the
Professors
to
revolt
from
this
Sentiment
:
Insomuch
that
the
magnificent
Rector
Bernard
Scotanus
who
otherwise
was
one
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Friends
,
and
Regius
his
particular
Friend
▪
could
not
withstand
the
earnest
Intreaties
to
hinder
him
from
reading
in
favour
of
these
Innovations
.
The
Rector
laid
the
matter
before
hi●
in
such
a
manner
,
as
if
he
meant
only
barely
to
exhort
him
to
look
about
him
,
take
some
course
to
prevent
the
murmuring
of
his
Colleagues
,
and
not
to
disturb
the
peace
of
the
University
.
Regius
set
before
his
Eyes
what
a
business
of
Consequence
it
is
,
not
to
reject
or
betray
a
Truth
upon
this
pretence
only
,
that
it
is
Novel
;
and
not
to
adopt
Errours
under
the
Masque
of
Venerable
Antiquity
.
It
came
to
this
result
,
That
there
was
a
Congregation
to
be
called
,
to
deliberate
about
the
Refusal
he
seem'd
to
persist
in
,
to
acquiesce
in
the
desires
,
and
award
of
his
Brethren
the
Professors
.
It
was
there
resolved
,
that
Regius
should
take
up
some
other
Subject
,
less
different
from
the
commonly
received
Opinions
in
vulgar
Medicine
;
or
if
he
remained
refractory
,
and
would
still
retain
that
of
the
Circulation
of
Blood
in
Harvey's
sense
,
he
should
do
it
only
by
the
by
,
in
the
nature
of
a
Corollary
,
or
Addition
to
his
Theseses
,
with
this
usual
Formula
,
Exercitii
causa
defendemus
.
Voetius
,
in
the
Manifesto
he
caused
to
be
Printed
in
the
Name
of
the
University
,
pretends
that
Regius
in
stead
of
acquiescing
in
this
deliberate
Verdict
,
got
them
Printed
without
any
other
Expedient
for
remedying
●he
matter
,
than
that
of
having
got
them
lookt
●ver
and
corrected
by
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
●o
put
them
beyond
Exception
.
Regius
receiving
these
Corrections
,
took
occasion
to
●hank
him
for
them
,
and
withal
to
desire
him
that
he
would
please
to
honour
these
Positions
with
his
presence
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
pass'd
his
word
he
would
,
upon
condi●ion
it
might
be
in
the
Auditory
or
Tribune
of
Madam
Schurmans
,
because
he
had
not
a
mind
to
be
seen
.
But
the
business
proved
ineffectual
,
by
reason
that
this
Act
being
put
off
●ill
the
Month
of
June
,
he
made
the
best
of
a
bad
Market
,
and
comply'd
with
this
ill
management
of
business
,
to
go
from
Leiden
to
Amersfort
,
three
little
Leagues
from
Vtrecht
.
The
great
Success
of
Regius
his
Thesis
,
did
mightily
displease
Voetius
;
besides
,
the
Physicians
of
the
antiquated
Doctrine
did
a
little
grumble
at
it
;
nay
,
and
some
of
them
went
about
to
confute
it
;
amongst
others
,
Primrose
and
Sylvius
,
whom
he
judged
convenient
to
Answer
.
The
outragious
and
injurious
manner
of
their
proceeding
against
him
,
so
rais'd
his
Choller
,
that
without
ever
dreaming
of
securing
himself
from
the
bad
effects
of
their
Example
;
he
sometimes
was
bitter
against
them
;
by
and
by
he
uses
a
pleasant
jocular
way
,
when
as
the
business
was
only
to
be
done
by
a
serious
moderate
confutation
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
to
whom
Regius
sent
his
Answer
in
October
,
to
correct
it
after
his
usual
manner
,
began
to
take
upon
him
,
and
so
much
the
rather
made
he
use
of
his
right
,
because
this
Professor
told
him
,
it
concern'd
him
so
to
do
.
He
corrected
several
things
that
smelt
too
much
of
Precipitation
,
he
adds
several
others
to
it
;
and
retrencht
others
,
amongst
which
were
those
bitter
Expressions
which
he
made
him
forbear
,
representing
to
him
,
how
much
it
concerns
a
man
to
treat
a●
Adversary
with
a
great
deal
of
mildness
and
civility
.
In
this
Juncture
,
the
Overseers
of
the
University
of
Utrecht
,
sollicited
by
Voetius
and
some
other
Professors
,
to
redress
the
Disturbance
that
they
pretended
the
Theses
and
the
private
Opinions
of
Regius
had
begun
to
raise
amongst
them
,
publish'd
an
Order
to
Prohibit
the
introducing
of
Novelties
,
or
any
Maxims
contrary
to
the
Statutes
of
the
University
:
The
business
was
something
Equivocal
.
This
induc'd
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
to
unravel
it
,
and
to
draw
up
an
Explanation
of
the
Curator's
Orders
in
form
of
an
Answer
.
M.
Vander
Hoolck
,
one
of
the
principal
Magistrates
of
the
City
;
nay
,
and
a
Consul
to
the
year
following
,
found
this
Answer
very
ingenious
and
judicious
:
and
he
was
wonderfully
pleased
with
M.
Des
Cartes
his
design
of
letting
Regius
continue
in
his
way
of
Reading
Lectures
in
new
Philosophy
,
if
he
would
but
moderate
his
heat
,
and
reform
what
should
be
too
bold
and
adventurous
in
his
Opinions
.
Regius
was
not
the
only
Man
of
his
Disciples
that
was
to
take
,
Des
Cartes
.
'T
is
to
one
of
these
newly
admitted
that
we
are
beholden
,
for
the
explanation
of
his
Sentiment
touching
the
Seat
of
the
Soul
in
the
Brain
;
which
he
confin'd
to
the
Glandula
Penialis
,
called
Conarion
;
the
same
unknown
Person
,
one
of
no
mean
quality
,
declared
to
him
at
the
same
time
the
Species
that
serve
for
the
Memory
,
which
he
supposed
extended
into
all
the
substance
of
the
Body
,
which
is
resembled
to
the
folds
that
remain
in
a
Sheet
of
Paper
,
after
it
hath
been
once
folded
.
It
was
about
this
time
that
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
notice
of
a
Project
on
foot
,
Des
Cartes
did
not
appear
backward
,
especially
considering
what
they
had
assured
him
,
That
the
King
was
a
Catholick
in
his
heart
.
The
Promoter
of
this
Design
was
an
English
Lord
,
named
Charles
Cavendish
alias
Candish
,
Brother
to
the
Duke
of
New-Castle
,
both
of
them
acquainted
with
our
Philosopher
.
Candish
was
an
excellent
Mathematician
;
he
became
moreover
desperately
in
love
with
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Philosophy
.
He
look'd
upon
this
Method
as
an
incomparable
means
to
bring
Mathematicks
to
their
perfection
;
one
may
judge
by
that
,
what
joy
possess'd
him
to
perceive
Des
Cartes
make
no
Objections
,
nor
hindrances
against
the
designs
of
his
Settlement
in
England
.
Monsieur
Mydorge
,
ty'd
by
the
heels
in
Paris
by
reason
of
his
Family
,
was
harder
to
move
.
King
Charles
might
have
,
peradventure
removed
all
his
Obstacles
by
the
goodness
he
had
to
promise
Monsieur
Candish
to
make
ample
Provision
,
and
take
care
for
all
.
But
the
beginning
of
the
Troubles
of
Great
Britain
,
making
him
and
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
to
apprehend
lest
these
vast
Sums
that
the
King
would
set
apart
for
Natural
Experiments
,
might
be
laid
out
in
the
Expences
of
the
War
,
and
lest
they
themselves
might
be
deprived
of
that
repose
they
flatter'd
them
withal
,
together
with
other
Effects
of
that
Prince's
Clemency
:
they
remain'd
,
one
in
Holland
,
the
other
in
Paris
;
and
continued
the
exercise
of
their
Friendship
with
Mr.
Candish
as
before
.
The
Amity
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
entertain'd
with
Monsieur
Salmasius
,
Des
Cartes
his
Friendship
.
The
Correspondence
between
them
,
was
not
confined
to
the
Exercises
of
Mathematicks
and
Philosophy
alone
;
Des
Cartes
was
involved
in
their
destiny
,
lest
detraction
some
time
or
other
should
reckon
him
amongst
some
of
Monsieur
Salmasius
his
Friends
,
who
were
of
such
a
low
spirit
,
as
to
prize
the
faults
of
this
learned
Man
,
or
so
great
Cowards
as
to
adore
him
.
It
is
true
,
he
never
had
but
one
occasion
in
all
his
life
to
incur
his
displeasure
,
but
it
was
but
a
trivial
occasion
:
and
he
was
beholden
to
his
own
Prudence
that
made
him
almost
ever
have
an
aversion
from
conversing
with
him
,
even
when
he
staid
at
Leiden
,
where
Salmasius
resided
.
I
say
,
a
trivial
occasion
,
but
it
should
never
have
been
an
occasion
to
a
just
equitable
Person
to
fret
himself
.
Monsieur
Salmasius
suspected
Mons.
Des
Cartes
a
Friend
to
Heinsius
,
whom
he
did
not
love
.
It
was
besides
a
pitiful
mean
Jealousie
,
and
much
below
a
Gentleman
and
a
Scholar
.
But
now
this
suspicion
of
his
was
ill
grounded
,
seeing
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
never
in
all
his
life
spoken
to
Heinsius
,
and
altho'
a
Man
well
deserving
,
and
of
great
account
in
the
University
of
Leiden
,
by
reason
of
his
Employ
and
Learning
,
yet
had
he
never
so
much
as
interchanged
a
word
with
him
.
Nay
,
and
what
is
more
,
He
could
nto
be
ignorant
that
Heinsius
could
not
abide
him
for
a
long
time
,
because
he
was
Mr.
Balzac's
Friend
who
had
censured
his
Tragedy
of
Herod
.
X.
Yet
the
Consequences
of
M.
Salmasius
his
ill
humour
signified
in
respect
of
the
Consequences
of
a
bad
Business
,
He
supposed
at
first
,
Correspondence
,
Agreement
,
there
is
amongst
all
those
of
the
Order
of
Jesus
,
He
was
presently
alarmed
at
what
was
done
against
him
by
the
Mathematick
Professor
in
that
Colledge
,
supposing
that
might
have
been
contrived
and
concerted
with
his
Superiors
or
fellow
Collegiates
.
This
Professor
was
Father
Bourdin
,
who
going
about
to
confute
two
of
the
places
in
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Dioptriques
,
instead
of
sending
him
his
Objections
,
as
Monsieur
Fermat
,
Petit
,
Morin
,
and
other
Mathematicians
had
dealt
with
him
;
he
goes
and
inserts
them
(
for
the
use
of
his
Scholars
)
into
the
Theses
or
Propositions
defended
the
30th
of
June
and
2d
of
July
,
by
one
Charles
Potier
,
who
some
while
after
turn'd
Cartesian
,
maugre
his
former
Impressions
.
Father
Mersennus
,
not
content
to
defend
his
Friend's
opinions
against
the
Scholar
and
Professor
,
sent
him
an
Extract
of
the
Position
that
refer'd
to
him
,
together
with
the
Preamble
or
Preliminary
Discourse
composed
by
the
Professor
for
the
opening
of
the
Dispute
,
because
it
was
point-blank
against
him
;
signifying
by
the
by
,
that
it
was
the
Professor
himself
that
sent
it
him
,
by
him
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
having
forgotten
the
manner
of
Comportment
in
Colledges
,
The
Union
that
he
supposed
to
be
amongst
the
Members
of
the
Company
of
Jesus
,
In
order
to
this
strange
resolution
,
he
addresses
himself
to
the
Father
Rector
of
the
Colledge
of
Clermont
,
to
whom
he
writ
in
Latin
,
a
Letter
dated
22
July
,
very
pithy
,
pertinent
,
and
full
of
respect
.
He
begged
of
him
to
interpose
his
Authority
to
engage
the
Fathers
of
the
Society
to
disclose
to
him
once
for
all
what
they
had
to
find
fault
with
in
his
Works
,
to
the
end
he
might
either
Correct
himself
or
Answer
them
;
This
was
a
generous
Declaration
of
War
against
the
Jesuits
in
his
Name
,
which
he
judged
fit
to
intrust
with
some
wise
discreet
Person
;
in
order
hereunto
,
he
pitcht
upon
his
Friend
Monsieur
Mydorge
,
charging
him
to
go
deliver
it
immediately
to
the
Rector
,
and
let
him
understand
that
there
was
no
rashness
in
making
his
Addresses
directly
to
his
Reverence
;
since
Father
Bourdin
had
commenced
a
formal
War
,
not
by
his
Thesis
,
which
he
should
take
no
further
notice
of
;
but
by
a
Velitation
or
Skirmish
which
he
dispatched
to
him
since
.
He
answered
this
Velitation
,
expecting
the
Effect
of
his
Letter
to
the
Rector
,
who
received
it
,
not
from
M.
Mydorge
his
hands
,
who
was
afraid
to
draw
the
Tempest
upon
his
Friend
by
this
proceeding
,
but
by
the
hands
of
Father
Mersennus
,
who
was
not
so
scrupulous
when
the
business
was
to
foment
differences
amongst
the
Learned
,
and
breed
Quarrels
conducing
to
the
advancement
of
Sciences
.
XI
.
The
Rector
seem'd
not
a
little
satisfied
with
the
Reasons
and
real
Sentiments
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
;
Des
Cartes
.
Father
Bourdin
declared
positively
to
him
in
his
Letter
,
That
he
had
not
,
nor
should
ever
undertake
a
particular
War
against
his
Opinions
.
Yet
he
promised
him
to
send
him
his
Treatise
within
a
Week
;
that
is
,
the
Reasons
he
made
use
of
not
to
approve
his
Sentiments
.
The
term
of
eight
days
,
at
the
end
of
which
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
expected
these
Treatises
,
being
expired
over
and
over
,
he
began
to
despair
of
them
,
when
he
received
some
Letters
from
some
other
Fathers
of
the
Society
,
by
which
they
demanded
of
him
Six
Months
delay
longer
.
He
made
no
question
but
this
was
a
Stratagem
to
Correct
these
Writings
at
leisure
,
and
to
put
them
in
such
a
condition
no
longer
to
fear
his
censure
.
He
conjectured
by
these
Fathers
Letters
,
that
notwithstanding
the
assurances
they
had
given
him
of
a
pure
personal
Quarrel
with
Father
Bourdin
,
yet
that
he
was
going
to
detach
from
the
main
Body
of
the
Society
,
a
powerful
Party
of
Jesuits
against
him
,
to
back
their
Fellow-Collegian
.
Knowing
that
their
chief
Strength
consisted
in
the
Art
of
Logick
,
He
communicated
his
purpose
to
Father
Mersennus
,
who
expected
him
in
Paris
towards
the
end
of
this
Year
,
and
he
writ
to
him
about
it
in
these
terms
:
I
shall
not
yet
take
my
Journey
this
Winter
;
for
,
being
I
am
to
receive
the
Objections
of
the
Jesuits
within
four
or
five
Months
;
I
believe
I
must
be
in
a
posture
ready
to
expect
them
;
in
the
interim
,
I
have
a
great
desire
,
a
little
to
peruse
their
Philosophy
(
which
I
have
not
done
this
Twenty
Years
)
on
purpose
to
see
if
I
like
it
better
now
,
than
I
did
heretofore
.
To
this
effect
,
I
beseech
you
to
send
me
the
Names
of
the
Authors
who
have
writ
a
Body
of
Philosophy
,
which
are
most
followed
amongst
the
Jesuits
,
and
whether
or
no
they
may
have
any
new
ones
.
I
remember
none
but
Collegium
Conimbricense
.
He
desired
him
also
to
inform
him
,
Father
Mersennus
could
tell
him
of
none
but
de
Raconie
,
which
was
not
so
fit
for
his
purpose
as
Eustachius
;
but
he
forceably
urged
and
exhorted
him
,
not
to
neglect
the
Philosophy
of
the
Schools
,
such
as
was
at
that
time
taught
in
the
Colledge
,
supposing
that
the
time
of
Sacrificing
of
it
to
truth
,
was
come
;
letting
him
understand
by
the
way
that
he
was
the
only
man
,
from
whom
the
Lovers
of
Truth
and
Wisdom
expected
this
piece
of
Service
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
writ
back
to
him
the
Eleventh
of
November
,
That
he
did
not
believe
the
School-Philosophy
so
hard
to
be
confuted
,
because
of
the
diversity
of
Opinions
that
it
contains
;
He
declared
to
him
at
the
same
time
the
aims
he
had
upon
Philosophy
in
reference
to
that
of
the
Schools
.
His
intent
was
to
write
in
order
,
a
whole
course
of
Philosophy
in
the
nature
of
Positions
;
or
without
any
superfluities
of
Discourse
;
he
would
put
down
only
all
his
Conclusions
,
with
all
the
Reasons
,
from
whence
he
deduc'd
them
;
which
he
hoped
to
be
able
to
do
in
few
words
.
In
the
same
Book
,
according
to
his
Project
,
he
did
get
a
course
of
Vulgar
Philosophy
printed
,
such
an
one
as
that
of
Eustachius
,
with
his
Notes
at
the
latter
end
of
each
Question
,
where
he
intended
to
add
the
various
Opinions
of
Authors
,
and
what
a
man
was
to
believe
of
them
all
according
to
him
.
In
a
word
,
he
put
us
in
hopes
(
for
to
serve
for
a
Conlusion
to
his
Work
)
that
he
would
make
a
Parallel
or
Comparison
of
two
Philosophies
,
that
is
to
say
,
of
his
own
;
and
that
of
others
.
He
was
only
sollicitous
to
know
if
Eustachius
were
yet
alive
;
because
having
no
design
,
neither
on
his
Person
,
no●
Writings
in
particular
,
he
had
a
desire
to
keep
a
fair
Correspondence
with
him
;
and
use
all
sort
of
Civilities
towards
him
.
As
for
the
Collegium
Conimbricense
(
i.
e.
the
Courses
of
Philosophy
of
the
Jesuits
of
Conimbra
in
Portugal
)
in
his
Opinion
they
were
too
long
.
But
he
could
have
wisht
they
had
writ
as
succinctly
as
Eustachius
;
because
having
to
do
with
the
Jesuits
,
he
should
have
preferr'd
their
course
to
all
others
.
XII
.
This
Year
proved
fatal
to
our
Philosopher
by
the
loss
,
Francina
died
on
the
7th
of
September
at
Amersford
,
only
5
years
of
Age.
He
publickly
own'd
her
for
his
Daughter
,
altho'
we
cannot
learn
who
her
Mother
was
,
having
not
any
proof
of
his
being
Married
;
He
lamented
her
Death
with
that
passionate
affection
that
forc'd
him
to
Experience
,
that
true
Philosophy
cannot
stifle
Natural
Affection
.
The
Sorrow
and
Grief
that
over-whelm'd
him
for
this
loss
,
makes
us
apt
to
believe
she
was
his
only
Child
:
But
those
that
speak
ill
of
him
,
have
not
stuck
to
father
more
upon
him
.
The
Calumny
,
altho'
supported
by
the
Authority
and
Writings
of
a
grave
Minister
amongst
the
Reformed
at
Vtrecht
,
seem'd
to
him
so
ill-grounded
,
that
he
only
laught
at
it
;
and
answer'd
his
Enemy
that
cast
it
in
his
teeth
,
that
not
having
made
a
Vow
of
Chastity
,
and
not
being
exempt
from
Humane
Frailties
;
he
should
make
no
scruple
at
all
to
own
them
before
all
the
World
,
if
he
had
any
;
but
albeit
he
had
none
;
yet
he
agreed
not
to
pass
for
a
great
Saint
,
with
a
Minister
that
had
no
good
opinion
of
the
Gift
of
Continency
in
the
Ecclesiasticks
of
the
Roman
Church
,
who
live
in
Celibacy
.
He
staid
not
long
to
repair
the
breach
that
was
made
in
integrity
of
his
life
,
wherewith
he
honoured
his
solitude
,
and
the
profession
of
his
Philosophy
,
and
restor'd
his
Celibacy
to
its
pristin
perfection
,
ever
before
he
had
acquired
the
Name
of
Father
.
Upon
the
whole
,
the
Publick
had
never
come
to
the
knowledge
of
this
humbling
Circumstance
o●
his
life
;
if
he
had
not
made
a
Publick
Confession
of
it
himself
by
writing
the
History
of
his
dear
Francina
,
upon
the
first
Leaf
of
a●
Book
that
was
to
be
seen
by
many
.
Three
weeks
after
the
death
of
this
Child
,
Des
Cartes
,
he
would
have
him
pass
for
an
Enemy
of
the
Protestant
Religion
,
a
Spy
sent
out
of
France
against
the
Interest
of
the
United
Provinces
:
not
judging
the
Writers
of
his
Religion
in
his
own
Country
sufficient
to
exterminate
him
,
he
thought
good
to
find
out
some
amongst
the
Catholicks
,
and
that
too
in
the
middle
of
France
.
To
find
such
,
it
was
necessary
to
change
his
Language
.
He
went
about
to
perswade
them
that
they
had
to
deal
with
a
common
Enemy
,
and
in
all
their
concerns
to
defend
Religion
in
general
against
a
Sceptique
and
an
Atheist
;
wherein
the
Catholicks
were
no
less
interested
than
Protestants
.
He
went
to
sollicit
Men
of
Parts
as
far
as
the
recesses
of
Cloisters
in
Paris
,
and
had
even
the
Confidence
to
attempt
Father
Mersennus
,
upon
pretence
that
this
Father
was
already
train'd
up
and
vers'd
in
making
his
party
good
against
Atheists
and
Deists
,
with
whom
he
had
enter'd
the
lists
●y
divers
Works
;
he
represented
to
this
Fa●her
,
that
being
besides
a
good
Philosopher
●nd
Geometrician
;
an
undertaking
of
this
na●ure
,
was
worthy
his
eminent
Learning
and
Sub●lty
.
And
to
engage
him
the
deeper
by
more
●revalent
Expressions
,
he
tells
him
,
That
ha●ing
shewed
himself
all
along
,
the
Defender
of
Truth
in
his
way
of
Treating
of
Divinity
;
He
●eeded
not
to
question
but
the
same
truth
●all'd
for
his
assistance
,
to
secure
it
from
the
●exatious
insults
of
this
new
Philosopher
.
This
is
perhaps
the
first
time
that
ever
any
●ody
heard
the
Protestant
Ministers
congratulate
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
and
what
is
more
,
even
the
Monks
for
having
successfully
stood
up
for
and
guarded
truth
in
matter
of
Theology
.
The
thing
was
yet
something
the
more
remarkable
,
because
Voetius
,
a
man
would
have
thought
,
should
have
been
the
●ast
from
whom
one
might
have
hoped
to
have
heard
such
a
like
Confession
,
having
without
any
cause
taken
a
great
liberty
to
oppose
the
Roman
Church
upon
other
occasions
;
yea
,
and
falling
out
with
some
Ministers
,
who
were
not
able
to
endure
his
excessive
flyings
out
and
impostures
;
But
considering
the
Catholicks
conn'd
Voetius
but
little
thank
for
this
Confession
,
and
because
the
Protestants
did
not
lay
it
to
his
charge
:
Men
looked
upon
it
as
the
consequence
of
his
disorderly
Spirit
,
to
which
the
one
,
and
the
party
were
pretty
well
accustomed
;
there
needs
no
other
sign
of
this
irregularity
than
the
malignity
wherewith
he
affects
to
make
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
pass
for
an
Savage
Jesuite
,
tha●
he
might
decry
him
,
and
render
him
odiou●
another
way
.
Father
Mersennus
feigned
that
he
let
himself
be
allured
by
the
Charms
of
Voetius
hi●
Discourse
;
and
to
demonstrate
that
he
wa●
still
more
a
Friend
to
Truth
than
to
Monsieu●
Des
Cartes
,
he
promised
him
the
service
of
hi●
Pen
,
provided
they
could
supply
him
with
Matter
and
Reasons
sufficient
to
attack
the
Opinions
of
that
Philosopher
.
Some
pretend
the
Monk
spoke
in
earnestly
Voetius
was
so
far
perswaded
of
it
,
that
immediately
he
noised
it
abroad
that
Mersennus
was
a
writing
against
Des
Cartes
.
Afterwards
he
sought
up
and
down
for
Materials
,
and
wa●
very
importunate
with
all
his
Friends
to
dispatch
relief
to
Father
Mersennus
;
yet
a
whole
year
was
spent
without
being
able
to
get
the
Father
to
make
his
words
good
,
save
only
in
a
Comparison
that
he
made
between
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
and
Vaninus
;
desiring
him
to
make
much
of
this
,
as
an
important
Piece
,
and
to
display
the
Parallel
of
the
new
Philosopher
with
that
Impious
Wretch
who
was
Burnt
at
Tholouse
.
Without
doubt
they
had
a
better
opinion
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
at
the
Court
of
France
;
BOOK
VI.
From
1641
till
1644.
I.
Des
Cartes
,
with
the
priviledge
of
the
King
,
and
approbation
of
the
Doctors
of
Paris
,
intituled
,
Meditations
touching
the
first
Philosophy
,
wherein
is
discovered
the
Existence
God
,
and
the
Immortality
of
the
Soul
.
But
you
must
observe
,
tha●
it
was
not
the
Author's
intent
▪
that
they
should
insert
the
word
Immortality
instead
of
that
of
Immateriality
.
This
Work
,
the
publication
of
which
he
pretends
to
be
purely
owing
to
his
own
Conscience
,
was
of
a
more
Antient
Composing
than
his
Essays
,
being
the
very
first
fruits
of
his
retirements
in
Holland
.
The
importance
of
the
subject
matter
prevail'd
with
him
,
before
it
went
to
the
Press
,
to
let
the
most
able
Divines
of
the
Roman
Church
see
it
;
nay
and
other
Learned
Men
too
of
other
Communions
,
who
past
for
the
most
subtile
Wits
in
Philosophy
and
Metaphysicks
,
to
the
end
that
he
might
profit
by
their
Censures
,
answer
their
Difficulties
,
and
cause
their
Objections
and
his
Answers
to
be
Printed
together
at
the
same
time
with
his
Treatise
.
His
Manuscript
was
,
in
order
hereunto
above
a
year
in
the
hands
of
Father
Mersennus
;
who
had
a
Commission
from
him
to
find
out
Censurers
or
Approvers
for
this
Book
,
of
all
faculties
,
whilst
he
in
the
mean
time
did
the
same
in
the
Catholick
and
Protestant
Netherlands
.
Yea
,
and
he
had
some
intensions
to
dedicate
it
to
the
Doctors
of
the
Sorbonne
;
that
is
,
to
all
the
Faculty
of
Divi●ity
of
Paris
,
because
,
saith
he
,
the
cavils
of
some
persons
had
made
him
resolve
to
guard
himself
henceforward
with
the
Authority
of
others
,
since
Truth
is
so
little
regarded
when
it
is
alone
.
He
recommended
this
business
to
Father
Gibeuf
,
Father
of
the
Oratory
,
his
friend
,
who
by
his
great
Capacity
had
gain'd
a
great
Esteem
and
Credit
〈◊〉
the
Sorbonne
,
and
amongst
Men
of
Wit
and
●ngenuity
,
and
left
Father
Mersennus
to
order
all
the
rest
.
II.
six
Meditations
.
In
the
first
he
propounds
the
Reasons
why
we
may
doubt
of
all
things
in
general
,
and
especially
of
material
things
,
until
such
time
as
we
have
established
a
better
foundation
in
Sciences
than
those
we
have
had
hitherto
:
He
●●akes
it
appear
that
the
advantage
of
this
general
doubt
consisteth
in
delivering
us
from
all
sorts
of
prejudices
to
loosen
our
Minds
from
Sense
,
and
so
to
bring
it
about
that
we
cannot
any
longer
doubt
of
the
things
which
,
we
shall
afterwards
know
and
acknowledge
to
be
true
.
In
the
second
he
demonstrates
that
the
Soul
making
use
of
its
own
liberty
in
supposing
that
the
things
of
whose
Existence
there
may
arise
the
least
doubt
,
do
not
exist
at
all
,
in
effect●
doth
acknowledge
that
it
is
impossible
but
that
at
the
same
time
it
exists
it self
;
which
serves
to
make
it
distinguish
the
things
that
belong
to
it
,
from
those
that
belong
to
the
Body
.
In
the
third
he
produceth
and
displays
the
best
Argument
he
hath
for
the
Existence
of
a
God
,
without
using
any
comparison
dra●
from
corporeal
things
.
In
the
fourth
he
proves
that
all
things
we
have
a
clear
and
distinct
notion
of
,
are
true
;
he
there
explains
also
the
nature
of
the
Errour
that
is
in
the
Judgment
,
and
the
discerning
of
true
from
false
.
In
the
fifth
he
explains
the
nature
of
a
Body
in
general
;
he
doth
there
likewise
demonstrate
the
Existence
of
God
in
a
new
manner
;
and
he
makes
appear
that
the
certitude
of
demonstrations
themselves
depend
upon
the
knowledge
of
God
.
In
the
sixth
he
makes
a
difference
between
the
action
of
the
understanding
,
and
that
of
the
imagination
.
He
there
evidently
shews
that
the
Soul
of
Man
is
really
distinct
from
the
Body
,
and
that
nevertheless
it
is
so
nearly
joyn'd
to
it
,
that
it
composeth
as
it
were
but
the
same
thing
with
it
.
He
explains
also
all
●he
several
Errours
that
proceeds
from
Sense
,
●ith
the
means
to
avoid
them
.
Last
of
all
,
he
●here
brings
in
the
Reasons
from
which
one
●ay
conclude
the
Existence
of
things
material
.
We
must
observe
that
the
Author
doth
not
●ind
himself
up
to
follow
the
Order
of
matters
●hroughout
this
Work
,
And
this
is
the
reason
why
he
thought
it
●ot
convenient
,
nor
yet
possible
to
insert
into
the
Text
of
his
Meditations
,
the
Answer
to
●he
Objections
one
might
give
,
because
that
would
have
interrupted
all
the
Series
,
nay
and
might
have
invalidated
the
force
of
his
Reasons
,
which
depends
chiefly
on
the
necessity
of
diverting
ones
thought
from
things
sensible
,
from
whence
most
part
of
the
Objections
might
be
drawn
.
But
yet
he
set
down
those
.
that
were
already
come
to
his
hand
from
the
Low
Countreys
at
the
end
of
his
Treatise
,
to
serve
for
a
Model
to
others
,
if
there
chanc'd
to
come
any
,
and
to
shew
how
they
might
come
in
course
,
and
follow
,
in
the
impression
by
inserting
his
Answers
at
the
end
of
each
Objection
.
These
first
Objections
were
sent
by
thei●
Author
Monsieur
Caterus
or
Catters
,
Doctor
of
Lounvain
,
Des
Cartes
just
as
they
received
them
;
and
he
in
like
manner
directed
his
Answer
he
made
to
them
,
he
endeavoured
especially
not
to
come
short
in
Testimonies
of
Esteem
and
Civility
of
Monsieur
Caterus
,
who
became
a
new
Accession
to
his
friends
all
his
life
after
.
Fath.
Mersennus
,
first
Objections
which
he
had
conveyed
to
him
,
with
a
design
to
have
him
to
examine
them
,
with
the
rest
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
seem'd
to
believe
that
these
several
Objections
had
been
made
by
persons
sincere
and
honest
,
and
perswaded
of
the
solidity
of
his
Principles
,
and
drew
up
an
exact
Answer
to
them
.
Now
,
for
as
much
as
the
Authors
of
these
Objections-had
signified
by
the
Pen
of
Father
Mersennus
,
that
it
would
be
very
proper
and
useful
,
if
,
at
the
end
of
his
Solutions
,
after
having
first
of
all
presented
some
definitions
,
demands
and
●xioms
,
he
would
wind
up
all
according
to
the
Method
of
Geometricians
,
so
that
at
one
glance
,
Readers
might
find
wherewith
they
●hould
be
satisfied
;
he
was
exceeding
glad
that
he
had
made
him
a
proposition
so
agreeable
to
him
,
and
so
easie
to
be
put
in
Execution
;
he
therefore
accompanied
his
Answer
for
their
satisfaction
,
with
another
Writing
containing
the
reason
for
proving
that
there
is
a
God
,
and
the
difference
there
is
between
Spirit
or
Soul
,
and
Human
Body
,
couched
after
a
Geometrical
manner
.
He
had
not
quite
finished
his
answering
the
second
Objections
,
Des
Cartes
,
accompanied
them
with
a
word
or
two
in
behalf
of
his
Friend
,
to
the
end
he
might
be
acquainted
with
his
desert
and
might
know
what
kind
of
Philosophy
it
was
,
whereof
he
made
Profession
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
overjoy'd
to
learn
that
the
number
of
true
Philosophers
was
increased
by
such
an
ingenious
person
as
M.
Hobbes
,
had
a
mind
to
study
the
Genius
of
the
man
in
his
Objections
;
but
he
found
them
not
proper
to
let
him
judge
of
his
Solidity
and
Profoundness
.
He
inserted
into
the
very
Body
of
these
Objections
,
the
Answer
he
made
to
each
Point
.
This
is
what
we
exhibit
under
the
title
of
Third
Objections
.
Notwithstanding
all
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Intreaties
to
Father
Mersennus
to
send
him
no
more
Objections
,
Des
Cartes
forbear
answering
his
Friend
.
Mr.
Hobbes
shot
wide
of
the
mark
in
his
writing
,
by
a
beginning
that
had
no
relation
at
all
to
Dioptriques
.
He
talked
in
it
of
God
and
the
Soul
as
things
Corporeal
;
he
discours'd
concerning
his
Internal
Spirit
,
which
he
established
as
the
principal
of
all
things
;
we
meet
with
abundance
of
other
stuff
,
no
way
relating
to
Mons.
Des
Cartes
his
Dioptriques
—
For
altho'
he
pretended
that
Materia
subtilis
was
the
same
with
his
Intern
Spirit
—
yet
he
might
as
well
have
said
,
The
Moon
is
made
of
green
Cheese
;
the
one
was
not
discernable
in
the
other
;
Mr.
Hobbes
made
a
tedious
reply
,
which
was
conveyed
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
the
7th
of
February
;
but
all
the
business
of
this
peaceable
Discourse
centered
in
Father
Mersennus
.
M.
Hobbes
,
nor
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
never
writing
to
one
another
immediately
,
their
Communication
extended
no
further
;
and
altho'
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
sent
his
last
Answer
to
Mr.
Hobbes
his
Reply
,
he
begg'd
of
Father
Mersennus
either
to
keep
it
to
himself
,
or
to
disperse
it
at
discretion
,
that
it
might
not
be
discover'd
by
M.
Hobs
,
nor
no
body
else
,
that
it
came
farther
,
than
from
the
Convent
of
Minims
in
Paris
.
He
signified
withal
to
this
Father
,
the
Reasons
that
induc'd
him
to
have
no
more
to
do
with
this
English
Philosopher
,
that
he
might
preserve
his
Commerce
for
those
Friends
who
love
one
another
without
Communication
.
He
gave
him
a
fresh
account
of
what
he
judged
of
this
Man's
Intellect
,
which
he
look'd
upon
as
very
obstinate
,
and
dangerous
in
its
affecting
singularity
,
altho'
it
might
not
be
indued
with
an
exactness
fit
for
judging
aright
,
nor
with
any
strength
for
arguing
.
IV.
In
the
whole
Society
of
the
Sorbonne
,
there
was
not
found
one
Censor
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
notwithstanding
the
great
pains
Monsieur
Gibeuf
and
Father
Mersennus
were
at
to
procure
some
;
we
must
except
one
young
Doctor
or
Licenciate
,
who
having
heretofore
read
the
Essay
of
the
Method
of
our
Philosopher
with
no
small
delight
,
did
acquiesce
in
Father
Mersennus
his
desire
,
hoping
to
meet
with
the
like
pleasure
in
the
reading
of
the
Meditations
;
This
Doctor
was
the
famous
Monsieur
Arnaud
,
at
that
time
near
29
years
of
Age
,
not
being
able
to
obtain
of
the
Father
to
peruse
it
Gratis
without
costing
him
some
Reflections
,
he
thought
himself
obliged
to
act
two
Parts
in
the
Examen
they
required
of
him
;
At
first
,
he
appear'd
like
a
Philosopher
,
to
represent
the
principal
Difficulties
that
might
be
objected
against
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
touching
those
two
grand
Questions
;
concerning
the
Nature
of
our
Soul
and
the
Existence
of
God
.
Then
again
,
he
acted
the
part
of
a
Divine
,
to
take
notice
of
the
things
that
he
judged
apt
to
offend
ears
accustomed
to
the
usual
Expressions
of
his
Theology
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
never
yet
any
more
rational
,
or
more
able
Adversary
than
this
young
Doctor
,
who
not
taking
up
with
rendering
himself
very
Profound
in
all
sorts
of
Knowledge
,
made
a
perfect
Geometrical
Spirit
to
reign
in
all
his
Argumentations
;
but
instead
of
mispending
his
time
in
admiring
him
;
he
sets
all
his
Wits
on
work
to
Answer
him
;
which
troubled
him
more
,
and
put
him
harder
to
it
,
because
he
was
to
satisfie
a
Spirit
upon
which
it
was
impossible
to
impose
,
and
that
the
business
was
to
solve
withal
certain
most
solid
and
most
sublimely
propounded
Difficulties
.
He
sent
back
word
to
Father
Mersennus
,
that
he
could
not
have
desired
a
more
quick-●ighted
penetrating
,
nor
yet
a
more
fair
and
officious
Examiner
than
he
was
;
That
he
had
been
treated
with
so
much
Candor
and
Civi●ity
,
that
he
could
scarce
imagine
that
it
was
●n
Adversary
that
writ
against
him
:
But
that
●e
had
examined
what
he
had
opposed
with
so
much
diligence
,
that
he
could
wish
nothing
might
have
escaped
him
.
And
that
his
lively
penetrating
manner
of
urging
,
and
pushing
things
that
he
could
yield
his
Approbation
to
,
made
him
confident
that
he
was
void
of
the
the
complaisance
to
dissemble
with
him
.
He
sent
his
Answer
to
Father
Mersennus
upon
Easter-Day
,
with
many
thanks
to
Monsieur
Arnaud
,
for
two
friendly
offices
he
had
rendered
him
by
writing
against
him
;
the
first
was
for
having
proposed
the
Reasons
of
his
Book
,
in
such
a
manner
,
that
he
seem'd
to
●e
afraid
lest
others
should
not
find
them
sufficiently
strong
and
convincing
.
The
other
was
for
having
fortify'd
him
with
no
small
Succours
in
backing
him
with
the
Authority
of
St.
Augustine
,
whose
Philosophy
had
the
same
Principle
as
his
,
for
its
Basis
and
Supporter
.
Having
a
pretty
while
weighed
the
force
of
Monsieur
Arnaud's
Arguments
about
Philosophy
,
he
judged
,
that
endeavouring
to
solve
those
which
respect
the
Nature
of
the
Soul
or
Humane
Spirit
,
it
behooved
him
to
alter
his
Method
,
fearing
he
might
not
be
able
to
resist
the
force
of
those
,
he
had
propounded
to
him
touching
the
Existence
of
God
.
That
's
the
reason
why
,
instead
of
taking
upon
him
to
bear
up
against
all
his
Efforts
,
as
hitherto
he
did
,
he
would
imitate
those
who
are
to
defend
themselves
against
an
Adversary
that
hath
the
advantage
,
and
studied
nothing
more
tha●
cunningly
and
skilfully
to
parry
his
blows
rather
than
expose
himself
down-right
to
the
violence
of
them
.
When
he
was
as
far
as
the
Answer
that
he
was
to
make
to
the
Difficulties
that
might
baffle
,
and
non-plus
Divines
,
he
declared
,
That
he
opposed
Monsieur
Arnaud's
first
Reasons
(
concerning
the
Humane
Soul
)
that
he
had
labour'd
to
elude
the
second
Reasons
concerning
the
Existence
of
God
)
but
that
he
had
done
his
best
into
the
third
,
except
to
the
last
concerning
the
Eucharist
;
to
which
he
undertook
to
answer
.
Monsieur
Arnaud
gave
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
several
Advices
as
important
as
judicious
to
obviate
that
wrangling
that
might
be
fear'd
in
ill-disposed
Minds
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
desiring
to
demonstrate
the
deference
he
had
to
his
Judgment
,
and
esteem
for
his
Counsels
,
sent
to
Father
Mersennus
,
the
Places
or
Passages
,
by
themselves
,
separate
from
his
Answer
,
which
this
young
Doctor
judged
convenient
to
run
over
again
,
and
alter
in
his
Meditations
.
He
desir'd
the
Doctor
to
set
down
the
Additions
or
Corrections
in
the
very
Text
of
his
Work
,
by
separate
By-marks
like
Parenthesis
,
to
shew
how
he
desir'd
to
be
instructed
by
the
advice
of
another
,
without
aiming
to
ascribe
the
Glory
of
it
to
himself
,
and
to
excite
by
such
a
generous
Modesty
,
all
his
Examiners
;
nay
,
and
his
Antagonists
too
,
to
afford
him
the
like
advice
,
in
hopes
of
having
the
same
Justice
done
them
.
He
wisht
Monsieur
Arnaud
might
see
his
Answer
,
that
he
might
pass
his
judgment
of
it
,
and
that
he
might
communicate
to
him
his
replies
,
or
give
him
new
advice
;
but
we
heard
no
more
of
it
:
And
Monsieur
Arnaud
signified
to
Father
Mersennus
,
that
he
remain'd
fully
satisfied
.
He
added
,
That
he
himself
held
,
and
openly
maintain'd
the
very
same
Philosophy
in
part
,
that
it
had
been
stifly
opposed
in
a
full
Congregation
by
several
Learned
Persons
,
but
that
it
could
not
be
beat
down
,
nor
so
much
as
stagger'd
.
This
disposition
begot
in
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
a
Prejudice
for
his
Philosophy
so
much
the
more
advantageous
,
Des
Cartes
had
for
M.
Arnaud
.
as
he
judged
this
Doctor
an
Adversary
less
capable
of
Mistakes
in
what
he
knew
,
and
less
dissimulation
in
his
demeanour
.
He
did
not
stick
since
to
acquaint
the
Fathers
of
the
Oratory
,
that
as
young
a
Doctor
as
Monsieur
Arnaud
was
,
yet
did
he
esteem
his
Judgment
more
,
than
,
that
,
of
half
of
the
Old
ones
of
the
whole
Faculty
.
Of
all
the
Objections
that
were
made
against
his
Meditations
,
there
was
not
one
of
them
to
whom
the
Publick
bestowed
more
honour
than
to
those
of
the
young
Doctor
,
and
M.
Des
Cartes
,
who
judged
them
preferable
to
all
the
rest
,
was
not
ashamed
to
honour
himself
particularly
by
it
,
as
a
new
support
for
his
Philosophy
.
It
was
not
his
fault
that
he
did
not
hold
up
this
growing
acquaintance
,
and
amicable
correspondence
with
a
Friend
of
that
importance
.
But
Monsieur
Arnaud
,
notwithstanding
a
great
Philosopher
and
excellent
Geometrician
;
had
at
that
time
so
much
dedicated
his
time
to
Theology
,
that
there
was
left
him
but
a
very
small
Portion
of
it
for
exercises
of
Humanity
,
or
study
of
Classick
Authors
:
Insomuch
that
they
had
a
Kindness
one
for
another
since
,
without
much
Communication
;
yet
nevertheless
,
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
express'd
so
much
sympathy
for
him
,
that
he
had
cause
to
fear
that
Monsieur
Arnaud's
Enemies
were
his
also
.
V.
Besides
the
Objections
of
Mons.
Hobbes
and
Monsieur
Arnaud
,
Des
Cartes
always
preserved
it
in
an
equal
poise
:
but
now
as
for
Mons.
Gassendus
,
it
was
not
so
with
him
,
since
our
Philosopher's
Edition
of
his
Treatise
of
Meteors
.
Des
Cartes
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
not
omitted
in
this
Treaty
the
Phenomina
of
Parhelia's
,
or
Mock-Suns
that
appeared
at
Rome
.
An.
1629.
of
which
Monsieur
Gassendus
had
composed
a
Dissertation
.
But
his
silence
bred
the
occasion
of
being
vext
at
him
,
and
shewing
a
great
deal
of
indifference
for
him
,
who
took
it
very
ill
that
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
should
not
make
the
least
mention
of
him
upon
this
occasion
.
This
ill
disposition
of
Mind
in
M.
Gassendus
,
attended
with
a
secret
Jealousie
,
which
the
reputation
or
designs
of
our
Philosopher
begot
in
him
,
was
a
soveraign
Preservative
against
his
natural
sweet
disposition
and
mildness
,
that
one
might
have
fear'd
he
would
have
used
in
his
Objections
against
the
Metaphysical
Meditations
,
where
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
needed
all
the
severity
of
the
most
able
Animadverters
.
He
was
very
careful
to
acquit
himself
handsomly
of
the
Confutation
he
had
undertaken
;
yet
towards
the
Conclusion
,
taking
up
his
wonted
Complaisance
that
he
endeavoured
to
suspend
awhile
,
in
the
Body
of
the
Writing
,
he
protested
that
his
chief
design
in
Writing
against
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
was
nothing
but
maintain
himself
in
the
honour
of
his
friendship
.
He
added
moreover
,
That
if
any
thing
too
rude
had
escaped
his
Pen
,
he
would
disown
it
upon
the
spot
;
and
gave
his
consent
,
that
whatsoever
might
displease
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
should
be
razed
out
of
his
Writing
.
His
Civilities
did
not
tend
to
so
good
an
end
.
He
writ
also
a
particular
Letter
full
of
Commendation
,
not
only
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
great
parts
;
but
also
of
the
that
very
Work
he
undertook
to
Animadvert
upon
.
But
what
he
adds
afterwards
touching
the
necessity
Father
Mersennus
had
driven
him
to
send
him
his
doubts
and
scruples
,
touching
his
pretended
Incapacity
,
touching
the
weakness
of
his
Arguments
,
was
the
product
of
such
a
cunning
Dissimulation
,
and
so
near
akin
to
Modesty
,
that
many
did
not
stick
to
prefer
them
to
the
plain
and
austere
sincerity
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
and
to
disapprove
that
blunt
disobliging
downrightness
of
the
latter
,
wherewith
he
thought
fit
to
answer
him
.
This
affected
Language
of
M.
Gassendus
,
was
only
for
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
;
he
changed
his
note
for
those
whom
he
handled
without
Dissimulation
;
such
as
M.
Daillé
in
France
,
and
M.
Rivet
in
Holland
,
where
he
was
not
ashamed
to
confess
to
the
last
,
That
he
had
not
so
strictly
examined
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Metaphysicks
,
but
only
because
he
had
not
received
from
him
all
those
Civilities
that
he
expected
upon
a
certain
occasion
.
Yet
altho'
his
revenge
was
groundless
,
and
most
unjust
in
it self
,
nevertheless
it
was
very
profitable
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
who
received
his
Writing
by
way
of
Father
Mersennus
,
under
the
Title
of
Disquisitio
Metaphisica
seu
dubitationes
,
&c.
he
answer'd
in
a
less
affected
manner
doubtless
than
that
of
Monsieur
Gassendus
was
;
the
stile
of
which
,
seem'd
to
him
very
Eloquent
and
Delightful
;
altho'
he
was
pleas'd
to
be
perswaded
that
he
had
not
so
much
made
use
of
the
Reasons
of
a
Philosopher
to
confute
his
Opinions
,
as
the
shifts
of
an
Oratour
to
evade
them
;
but
the
desire
of
managing
his
Adversary
a
little
more
,
hindered
him
from
maintaining
the
Character
of
his
ordinary
plainness
;
for
a
Crotchet
coming
into
his
Pate
,
to
make
the
Spirit
answer
●he
Flesh
,
as
if
they
had
been
two
Persons
that
●e
had
a
mind
to
bring
upon
the
Stage
,
he
●ave
M.
Gassendus
an
occasion
to
know
that
●y
the
Flesh
,
he
meant
him
.
It
was
in
vain
,
●fter
he
had
taken
off
the
Mask
to
expatiate
●pon
M.
Gassendus
his
Praises
.
Gassendus
sup●osed
that
he
would
have
paid
his
Comple●ents
in
kind
:
He
fell
out
with
him
about
〈◊〉
,
which
some
of
his
Friends
,
and
some
tur●ulent
Spirits
,
had
a
special
care
to
foment
by
●alse
Reports
and
Scandals
,
that
destroy'd
in
●ome
measure
a
part
of
that
Charity
these
two
Christian
Philosophers
owed
one
to
another
.
The
writing
of
Gassendus
,
with
the
Answer
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
makes
up
the
Fifth
Objection
in
the
Book
of
Meditations
.
In
the
mean
time
,
Des
Cartes
,
according
as
he
received
them
,
besides
those
that
he
was
about
,
to
frame
himself
by
the
reiterated
Study
of
his
Meditations
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
seeing
them
of
divers
pieces
and
different
Compositions
did
his
utmost
to
reduce
them
into
order
.
Then
he
sent
them
back
again
,
together
with
the
Answer
he
gave
Father
Mersennus
about
them
,
who
call'd
them
the
Sixth
Objections
;
after
which
he
made
them
finish
the
Impression
of
the
Book
of
Meditations
.
VI.
Des
Cartes
was
taken
up
with
his
answering
the
Objections
they
made
against
his
Metaphysick
Meditations
;
Voetius
the
Minister
,
procured
a
great
reinforcement
to
his
Faction
by
the
Rectorship
of
the
University
of
Louvain
;
to
which
he
got
himself
preferr'd
16th
of
March
,
An.
1641.
Regius
beholding
him
in
this
manner
invested
with
all
the
Authority
that
was
needful
for
the
executing
his
designs
against
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
and
him
;
sought
all
occasions
to
curry
favour
with
him
,
or
at
least
to
prevent
the
dire
Effects
of
his
ill-will
.
The
Rector
at
first
was
overjoy'd
to
observe
his
Submissions
,
and
seeing
he
did
so
handsomly
by
him
,
as
to
offer
him
his
Thesis
to
Correct
,
he
was
content
only
to
make
some
Notes
upon
it
,
to
save
the
honour
of
the
ancient
Philosophy
,
and
left
the
Paradoxes
and
new
Opinions
alone
to
him
by
way
of
Corollaries
;
together
with
the
permission
to
put
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Name
at
the
top
of
his
Thesis
.
The
first
dispute
of
these
Theses
was
perform'd
on
the
17th
of
April
,
Johanes
de
Roey
,
still
alive
,
who
hath
gotten
himself
a
great
Name
by
his
great
Writings
and
Learning
.
The
great
Abilities
of
the
Moderator
and
Respondent
to
make
the
new
Opinions
Triumph
,
soon
made
Voetius
repent
of
all
his
Condescentions
;
he
took
occasion
upon
a
Tumult
,
and
the
Peripatetique
Professors
making
their
Scholars
to
hiss
Regius
to
take
up
his
resolution
again
,
of
making
him
lose
his
Professors
Chair
,
and
to
Expel
him
●he
University
.
Regius
to
stand
upon
his
own
Defence
,
cau●ed
a
plain
Exposition
of
this
first
Dispute
to
●e
Printed
.
He
demanded
withal
,
some
re●ef
from
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
;
and
sent
him
●ll
the
Theses
or
Positions
in
order
as
they
●ere
to
be
disputed
on
the
5th
of
May
,
●ith
the
Remarks
the
Rector
had
made
upon
●em
before
he
would
let
them
pass
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
found
nothing
too
unreasona●le
in
the
Rector's
Remarks
;
but
having
fielded
to
the
request
,
Regius
prefer'd
to
examine
his
Theses
without
favour
or
affection
:
He
corrected
divers
things
which
he
should
●ave
been
sorry
,
to
have
been
ascribed
to
●im
;
for
it
was
commonly
given
out
and
be●eved
that
Regius
had
no
other
Opinions
but
●ose
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
.
So
that
people
●ot
being
any
longer
capable
of
shaking
off
●is
Opinion
,
it
was
expedient
that
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
should
pass
nothing
over
to
Regius
,
●ut
what
he
would
adopt
for
his
own
,
and
of
which
he
could
not
advantageously
under●ake
the
Defence
.
He
began
at
that
very
time
to
observe
some
●eeds
of
Errour
in
that
which
Regius
imagin'd
of
his
own
head
,
and
chiefly
in
what
concerns
●e
reasonable
Soul
;
but
he
was
still
Master
of
his
Mind
,
and
he
had
no
cause
to
complain
of
his
docibility
.
The
second
Theses
disputed
on
the
5th
of
May
,
made
as
great
a
stir
as
the
former
;
ma●y
other
disputes
followed
them
all
the
Summer
long
,
which
served
only
to
heighten
his
Reputation
,
and
to
exasperate
the
Spirits
of
the
Professors
already
prejudic'd
against
him
,
insomuch
that
they
were
resolved
to
oppose
the
Progress
of
these
Novelties
,
and
to
enter
an
Action
in
the
Name
of
the
University
against
him
and
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
.
Voetius
who
outwardly
was
pacified
by
the
submission
of
Regius
,
pluck'd
off
the
Mask
at
last
,
and
declared
himself
the
Chief
of
his
Adversaries
,
upon
pretence
that
in
some
places
of
his
last
Theses
he
had
let
fall
some
Expressions
,
different
from
the
common
Language
of
the
Schools
,
that
he
had
not
shewn
him
.
This
Protestant
Minister
,
(
having
no
more
to
expect
from
Mersennus
)
who
,
(
for
all
he
expected
a
Consutation
from
him
)
sent
him
nothing
but
a
grave
Reprimand
for
the
Injustice
of
his
Carriage
;
undertook
to
attack
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
in
two
places
,
first
of
all
by
Dispute
,
setting
his
Theses
against
those
of
Regius
;
and
then
again
by
his
Pen
,
by
confuting
his
Writings
.
In
quality
of
Rector
,
he
ordered
Stratenus
Professor
in
Physick
,
and
Ravensperger
Professor
of
Mathematicks
,
to
refute
all
these
Novel
Opinions
in
all
the
Publick
Acts
of
November
and
December
.
As
for
himself
,
he
reserved
the
care
to
oppose
in
the
Theological
Act
kept
under
him
,
what
he
judged
prejudicial
to
Religion
.
The
last
Thesis
of
Regius
being
stufft
with
divers
Questions
that
had
no
relation
nor
coherence
one
with
another
,
a
being
per
se
,
but
only
per
accidens
;
●alling
a
being
per
accidens
whatsoever
was
composed
of
two
Substances
quite
different
,
without
denying
for
all
that
the
Substantial
Union
,
by
which
the
Soul
is
joyn'd
to
the
Body
;
nor
yet
that
Aptit●●●
or
natural
Inclination
that
both
these
parts
have
for
this
Union
.
Regius
seeing
these
Expressions
displeased
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
as
being
too
harsh
,
tryed
to
excuse
himself
to
Voetius
,
but
●o
no
purpose
;
This
Minister
took
occasion
from
thence
to
have
him
declared
an
Heretick
,
and
to
get
them
to
proceed
to
the
turning
him
out
of
his
place
.
In
the
Name
of
the
Faculty
of
Theology
;
that
is
to
say
,
of
himself
,
his
two
Colleagues
Carolus
Dematius
and
Mainardus
Schotanus
,
and
of
the
Pastors
of
the
City
,
he
ordain'd
that
the
Students
in
Divinity
should
abstain
from
the
Lectures
of
Regius
,
as
from
Dogma's
and
Tenets
pernicious
to
Religion
.
Then
he
causes
some
Thesis
to
be
Printed
,
which
were
to
be
maintain'd
in
December
against
the
Paradoxes
of
the
esse
per
accidens
in
Man
;
of
the
Motion
of
the
Earth
,
and
against
the
Opinion
that
disallows
Substantial
Forms
.
His
Design
was
to
get
them
signed
beforehand
by
the
two
other
Professors
in
Divinity
,
and
by
all
Divines
whatsoever
,
who
were
either
Ministers
or
Preachers
in
the
City
,
and
then
to
depute
some
Persons
to
the
Magistracy
,
to
give
them
notice
that
Regius
should
be
condemned
by
a
Consistory
or
Ecclesiastical
Assembly
;
to
the
end
,
that
the
Magistracy
might
not
lawfully
dispense
with
his
not
being
removed
from
the
Chair
.
Regius
having
had
an
inkling
of
what
they
were
contriving
against
him
,
goes
presently
to
tell
Monsieur
Vander
Hoolck
of
it
,
who
was
one
of
the
Consuls
that
protected
him
,
and
an
intimate
Friend
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
:
The
Consul
sent
word
to
the
Rector
Voetius
,
ordered
him
to
Correct
his
Theses
,
to
leave
out
the
Title
,
and
whatsoever
might
concer●
the
reputation
of
Regius
.
The
Rector
,
who
was
to
sit
Moderator
at
these
Theses
,
being
〈◊〉
a
quandary
at
the
Consul's
order
,
spoke
not
one
word
more
either
of
the
Consistory
,
or
signing
;
yet
because
the
Passages
of
the
Theses's
that
related
to
Regius
and
Des
Cartes
were
already
Printed
,
and
because
they
were
to
be
defended
the
next
day
;
he
made
use
of
this
pretence
to
Cloak
his
Disobedience
and
ill
Intensions
.
These
Theses's
were
defended
the
18th
,
23th
,
and
24th
of
December
.
The
Respondent
whose
Name
was
Lambert
Waterlaet
,
signalized
himself
full
as
much
as
the
Professor
in
opposing
these
new
Opinions
,
defended
with
an
equal
heat
by
the
Opponents
;
who
were
almost
all
Regius
his
Disciples
.
The
Professor
seeing
himself
towards
the
end
a
little
too
much
put
to
it
by
one
of
the
Opponents
who
urged
the
Argument
home
,
and
would
not
be
put
off
with
his
Responses
;
was
not
able
to
extricate
himself
,
but
by
saying
out
of
spite
.
That
those
who
did
not
like
the
ordinary
way
of
Philosophy
,
might
expect
another
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
as
the
Jews
expected
their
Elias
,
who
should
teach
them
all
Truth
.
VII
.
Des
Cartes
to
be
examined
,
informing
him
by
the
way
,
that
the
Spirits
were
more
and
more
incensed
against
him
;
and
that
Consul
Vander
Hoolck's
advice
was
,
that
he
had
better
be
silent
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
being
inform'd
by
Co●onel
Alfonso
of
what
had
happen'd
at
Vtrecht
,
M.
Des
Cartes
his
advice
to
Regius
.
●et
Regius
understand
that
he
was
of
the
Con●ul's
mind
;
That
his
opinion
ever
was
,
that
●e
should
by
no
means
propound
new
Opinions
,
as
New
,
but
by
retaining
the
name
and
appearance
of
old
;
one
should
be
content
to
introduce
new
Reasons
,
and
use
all
means
,
fit
to
make
them
be
liked
.
What
signified
it
,
says
he
,
for
you
to
go
so
publickly
to
reject
Substantial
Forms
and
Real
Qualities
?
Don't
you
call
to
Mind
that
I
did
declare
in
express
terms
in
my
Treatise
of
Meteors
,
that
I
did
not
reject●
them
,
and
that
I
did
not
pretend
to
deny
them
〈◊〉
but
only
that
they
were
not
necessary
to
explain●
my
Conception
,
and
that
I
could
without
them
make
my
Reasons
be
apprehended
?
If
you
had
taken
this
course
,
none
of
your
Auditors
would
have
revolted
to
the
contrary
side
,
and
you
shoul●
not
have
procur'd
you
any
Adversaries
.
But
setting
aside
blaming
what
cannot
be
helped
,
you
must
think
of
redeeming
your
time
,
and
improve
what
is
to
come
;
it
is
incumbent
upon
you
now
to
defend
with
the
greatest
Modesty
you
are
capable
of
that
which
is
true
in
what
you
have
propos'd
,
and
to
Correct
without
being
wedded
〈◊〉
your
Opinion
,
that
which
did
not
appear
so
to
be
,
or
what
is
ill
exprest
,
being
perswaded
that
there
is
nothing
more
Commandable
,
nor
more
becoming
a
Philosopher
,
than
a
sincere
Acknowledgment
of
his
Faults
.
These
Remonstrances
,
back'd
by
the
advice
of
Consul
Vander
Hoolck
,
Counsellour
Van
Leew
,
Colonel
Alfonso
,
and
Professor
Emilius
could
not
alter
the
resolution
of
Emilius
;
who
thought
,
that
if
his
Answer
did
no
good
to
the
Publick
,
yet
it
would
at
least
be
of
great
use
to
his
Scholars
.
M.
Des
Cartes
being
concern'd
at
his
obstinacy
,
thought
it
necessary
to
make
use
of
some
Condescension
not
to
discourage
him
,
and
having
corrected
his
Writings
upon
his
reiterated
Intreaties
,
he
drew
up
a
new
Project
of
an
Answer
full
of
obliging
Expressions
,
and
Praises
of
Voetius
,
he
flourished
with
formula's
of
respect
for
others
,
and
modestly
for
himself
;
this
Model
of
an
Answer
,
with
Matter
,
Reasons
,
and
Means
and
Manners
of
filling
it
up
,
are
still
remaining
amongst
his
Letters
,
as
one
of
the
fairest
Monuments
of
his
Meekness
and
Prudence
;
yet
altho'
he
had
observed
to
him
afresh
that
his
silence
would
stand
him
in
more
stead
than
all
the
Answers
in
the
World
,
yet
he
must
go
and
publish
his
Writing
;
the
success
whereof
answered
the
fears
and
apprehensions
that
men
had
of
it
.
They
made
people
believe
it
was
no
better
than
a
Libel
in
effect
,
Regius
dispatcht
all
these
Proceedings
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
the
31st
of
March
1642
;
sending
him
the
Decree
of
the
Magistrates
of
the
15th
of
the
said
Month
,
together
with
the
Judgment
and
Definitive
Sentence
of
the
University
,
and
the
Theses
of
young
Voetius
the
Rector's
Son
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
sent
him
word
back
again
,
That
as
for
the
Theses
they
might
be
waved
,
nay
,
and
the
Judgment
of
the
University
too
,
being
an
Act
both
contrary
to
the
due
Course
of
Law
,
and
irregular
:
But
as
for
the
Decree
of
the
Magistrate
,
it
was
not
the
same
case
;
for
the
Senate
had
issued
it
out
only
to
be
freed
from
the
Importunities
of
Voetius
and
his
Colleagues
;
he
advised
him
to
stick
close
to
the
Decree
accordding
to
the
Letter
,
and
to
teach
nothing
but
Medicine
according
to
Galen
and
Hippocrates
;
adding
.
That
Truth
would
not
be
long
before
she
would
have
some
or
other
to
enquire
after
her
,
wheresoever
she
was
.
Notwithstanding
,
Voetius
ill-satisfied
at
these
Proceedings
,
writ
,
made
his
Son
and
Disciples
write
against
Regius
.
His
Son
published
his
Theses
in
favour
of
Substantial
Forms
,
and
Waterlaet
Printed
a
Pamphlet
intituled
,
Prodromus
;
as
if
it
had
been
the
fore-runner
of
that
he
prepar'd
for
the
Press
,
tho'
Fortune
was
not
so
favourable
to
him
as
to
succeed
his
Design
.
For
seeing
that
all
Honest
Men
were
but
ill
satisfied
with
his
Behaviour
at
Utrecht
,
and
that
sending
it
to
Leiden
,
to
get
it
Printed
there
,
under
the
Directions
of
a
Renegado
Monk
;
the
Rector
of
that
University
,
Golius
by
Name
,
suppres'd
it
before
it
was
quite
finished
,
and
the
Monk
took
him
to
his
heels
.
VIII
.
The
good
News
that
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
received
at
that
time
touching
the
good
success
of
his
Philosophy
in
France
,
M
Des
Cart.
philosophy
.
and
especially
amongst
the
Fathers
of
the
Oratory
,
the
universal
approbation
of
whom
he
had
gain'd
,
served
a
little
to
blow
over
the
Mortification
he
met
with
at
Vtrecht
.
The
Jesuites
seemed
and
appear'd
somewhat
more
divided
amongst
themselves
.
Some
of
them
were
content
to
like
his
Principles
and
Reasonings
,
or
to
praise
his
good
Intentions
and
Endeavours
without
going
any
further
.
Others
there
were
,
who
without
more
adoe
,
embraced
his
Philosophy
,
and
declared
that
they
were
followers
of
the
same
.
No
man
ever
went
farther
than
Father
Vatier
,
who
told
him
in
plain
terms
,
that
he
did
wonderfully
,
approve
of
whatsoever
he
had
writ
,
without
excepting
his
Explanation
of
the
Eucharist
;
and
Father
Mesland
to
do
honour
to
his
Philosophy
,
Composed
an
Abridgment
of
his
Metaphysical
Meditations
,
put
them
into
a
Scholastick
stile
,
and
intelligible
to
the
meanest
Capacity
:
Cartesianism
made
mighty
progress
in
the
Company
of
the
Jesuits
,
not
only
in
Flanders
,
but
in
France
it self
,
under
the
Protection
of
two
Principal
Persons
of
that
Order
;
I
mean
,
of
Father
Charlet
,
French
Assistant
to
the
General
at
Rome
;
and
of
Father
Dinet
,
Provincial
of
the
Jesuites
at
Paris
,
afterward
Confessor
to
King
Lewis
XIII
.
who
honoured
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
with
their
Esteem
and
Friendship
,
and
encouraged
him
to
go
on
with
his
Work
.
But
amongst
so
many
Friends
and
Admirers
that
he
might
reckon
amongst
the
Jesuites
,
He
was
pleased
to
attack
him
openly
;
by
certain
Objections
he
framed
against
his
Meditations
;
yet
protesting
nevertheless
,
That
he
would
not
infringe
the
Laws
of
Friendship
that
was
between
them
,
nor
yet
the
Rules
of
Decorum
and
Civility
that
is
practised
amongst
the
Learned
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
pretending
he
had
not
strictly
performed
his
Conditions
;
besides
the
Answer
he
gave
to
his
Objections
,
writ
to
Father
Dinet
,
who
was
still
Provincial
,
a
long
Letter
in
the
nature
of
a
Dissertation
,
to
complain
of
them
:
Wherein
also
he
gave
a
description
of
the
Troubles
which
happened
at
Vtrecht
;
and
laid
open
Voetius
in
all
his
subtil
Intrigues
;
The
colours
he
made
use
of
to
Paint
him
,
proved
seeds
of
new
Discontent
,
which
he
was
likely
to
reap
in
process
of
time
upon
the
account
of
Voetius
and
his
Cabal
.
But
the
trouble
he
received
from
Father
Bourdin
,
issued
in
a
fair
reconciliation
,
accompanied
with
a
solid
lasting
friendship
.
Father
Bourdin's
Piece
against
the
Meditations
;
with
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Answer
and
Letter
to
Father
Dinet
,
was
Printed
under
the
Title
of
the
Seventh
Objections
,
at
the
end
of
the
Second
Latine
Edition
of
the
Meditations
,
which
was
put
out
at
Amsterdam
,
●in
1642.
IX
.
Des
Cartes
lives
at
Eindegeest
,
where
Sorbiere
gets
acquaintance
with
him
.
From
Easter
of
the
year
foregoing
,
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
sojourned
in
the
Castle
of
a
Village
called
Eindegeest
or
Endegest
,
half
a
League
from
Leiden
,
by
the
Sea-side
,
one
of
the
most
pleasant
Situations
in
all
Holland
.
There
he
received
Visits
more
willingly
than
he
had
done
elsewhere
;
whether
because
his
Age
and
Disputes
had
humanized
more
than
formerly
,
or
because
it
became
him
to
grant
something
to
the
report
of
his
reputation
,
and
yield
to
the
delightsomness
of
his
abode
,
is
not
much
material
;
but
he
was
there
visited
in
the
year
1642.
by
Samuel
Sorbiere
a
Provincial
,
a
man
of
parts
,
and
very
inquisitive
to
understand
the
Virtues
and
Vices
of
the
Learned
of
his
time
.
He
thought
he
must
study
and
practice
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
more
in
his
Conversation
,
then
Books
;
But
our
Philosopher
being
a
man
of
few
words
,
spoil'd
his
design
;
and
albeit
he
hath
spoken
very
well
of
him
,
yet
after
all
,
we
must
confess
that
his
great
desire
to
do
M.
Gassendus
a
Kindness
,
and
to
set
them
at
odds
together
,
hath
made
him
commit
abundance
of
Injustice
in
respect
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
.
Regius
was
not
of
that
Spirit
;
Des
Cartes
at
Eindegeest
,
which
he
took
for
his
School
.
There
it
was
he
got
acquaintance
with
Abbot
Picot
,
who
at
the
latter
end
of
the
year
was
come
to
see
our
Philosopher
,
in
the
company
of
the
Abbot
Touchelay
the
younger
,
who
was
a
kind
of
Secretary
to
him
,
in
Answering
for
him
the
Questions
of
Phisicks
and
Mathematicks
that
were
put
to
him
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Duke
de
Luineo
,
Des
Cartes
his
Meditations
into
the
vulgar
Tongue
.
Monsieur
Clerseiier
,
one
of
the
most
zealous
and
vertuous
Friends
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
incouraged
by
this
Example
,
translated
another
,
of
the
Objections
and
Answers
annex'd
:
These
two
Translations
were
sent
to
Monsieur
Des
Carts
to
be
Perused
and
Corrected
a
long
time
before
;
which
he
did
with
that
exactness
,
that
he
made
them
even
better
than
his
Latine
.
X.
Des
Cartes
.
Whil'st
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Friends
that
were
in
France
came
in
Crouds
to
Eindegeest
,
where
they
knew
he
made
himself
more
visible
than
in
other
places
;
the
Enemies
to
his
Philosophy
,
carried
on
their
design
at
Vtrecht
.
Voetius
now
grown
weary
in
writing
Libels
and
Pamphlets
against
it
,
and
his
Person
,
and
Regius
,
did
corrupt
a
young
Professor
of
Groninguen
,
called
Schoockius
,
who
had
formerly
been
one
of
his
Scholars
,
to
put
Pen
to
Paper
,
or
at
least
to
lend
him
his
Name
,
with
a
design
to
make
the
World
believe
,
that
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
other
Enemies
besides
him
.
He
had
a
new
Book
in
the
Press
at
Vtrecht
against
him
,
and
finding
that
they
sent
all
the
Sheets
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
to
be
refuted
according
as
they
Printed
them
,
he
put
the
Copy
of
it
into
the
hands
of
Schoockius
,
desiring
him
to
take
care
of
it
,
&
caused
him
to
put
his
Name
to
it
,
on
purpose
to
cause
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
to
be
condemned
of
Precipitation
;
and
that
then
he
●ight
handle
him
as
a
Slande●er
and
an
Impostor
that
father'd
other
mens
Books
upon
him
.
In
the
Interim
there
happened
an
accident
that
made
a
diversion
to
this
Libel
and
its
refutation
,
Des
Cartes
took
upon
him
to
supply
this
last
Point
;
and
by
that
means
gain'd
the
Esteem
of
the
Chief
Men
of
Bosleduc
,
and
the
particular
Acquaintance
of
Desmarets
,
albeit
his
intent
was
not
to
court
the
Protestants
,
but
to
do
a
piece
of
good
Service
to
the
Catholick
Religion
.
He
never
put
himself
to
the
trouble
,
to
make
a
Treatise
of
it
apart
;
but
he
put
this
Writing
just
after
the
refutation
of
the
other
Libel
,
which
was
to
bear
Schoockius
his
Name
,
and
he
went
on
with
the
refutation
after
the
writing
concerning
the
Fraternity
,
just
as
if
it
had
been
but
one
and
the
same
Work
.
XI
.
Des
Cartes
.
The
Book
that
Schoockius
caused
to
be
Printed
by
the
Order
and
Directions
of
Voetius
,
did
not
appear
in
Vtrecht
till
March
1643.
under
the
double
title
of
Philosophia
Cartesiana
,
sive
admiranda
method●●
Renati
Des
Cartes
.
The
Author
affected
an
Equivocation
in
both
Titles
,
that
he
might
the
more
securely
deceive
those
,
by
whom
he
was
afraid
he
should
be
refuted
.
The
Book
was
ushered
in
by
a
long
Preface
,
against
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Letter
to
Father
Dinet
,
which
Voetius
had
got
to
be
condemned
in
the
Consistory
,
as
being
very
injurious
to
the
Reformed
Religion
,
and
to
the
Principal
Minister
of
the
City
.
A
few
days
after
,
Des
Cartes
his
Answer
.
there
was
seen
at
Amsterdam
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Answer
,
intituled
,
Epistola
Renati
Des
Cartes
ad
Celeberrimum
virum
D.
Gisbertum
Voetium
,
in
quo
examinantur
duo
libri
nuper
pro
Voetio
Vltrajecti
simue
editi
,
unus
de
Confraternitate
Mariana
,
alter
de
Philosophia
Cartesiana
.
The
Book
,
tho
pretty
short
,
was
divided
into
Nine
Parts
,
which
the
Author
did
not
judge
necessary
to
connect
by
any
rational
sequel
.
The
First
,
Third
,
Fifth
,
Eighth
and
Ninth
,
contains
the
Answer
to
the
Book
of
Cártesian
Philosophy
,
or
of
the
admirable
Method
.
The
Sixth
,
is
the
Examination
of
a
Book
against
the
Fraternity
of
our
Lady
of
Bosleduc
;
The
Second
and
Seventh
,
are
a
kind
of
particular
Information
concerning
Voetius
his
Carriage
and
Conduct
.
The
Fourth
is
the
Judgment
pass'd
upon
his
Books
and
Doctrine
.
This
Work
was
by
Voetius
carried
to
the
Magistrates
,
Des
Cartes
.
together
with
the
Letter
to
Fa●her
Dinet
,
as
two
Libels
,
scandalous
and
in●urious
to
a
Minister
of
the
Gospel
.
He
ob●ain'd
an
Act
of
the
Magistrates
,
June
the
23d
,
which
he
caus'd
to
be
proclaim'd
at
the
ring
●of
a
Bell.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
perceiving
by
his
same
Act
,
that
not
only
his
two
Writings
were
condemn'd
;
but
that
he
himself
was
summon'd
in
publickly
to
justifie
them
before
Persons
that
were
not
competent
Judges
,
●nswer'd
this
Publication
by
a
Dutch
Paper
,
●lated
July
6.
at
Egmondehoef
,
whether
he
went
to
sojourn
the
First
of
May
,
quitting
●he
Neighbourhood
of
Leiden
.
He
offer'd
●orthwith
to
justifie
whatsoever
he
had
advanced
in
his
two
Writings
;
altho'
he
thought
not
himself
liable
to
be
judged
by
that
Court
.
Voetius
that
could
prove
nothing
else
against
him
,
saving
only
that
he
had
father'd
the
Book
that
bore
Schoockius
his
name
upon
him
,
suborning
five
Witnesses
all
exceptionable
by
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
and
to
depose
upon
an
Action
of
Calumny
and
Defamation
,
obtain'd
a
Sentence
against
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
the
23d
of
September
,
ten
days
after
he
caused
him
to
be
warn'd
in
before
the
Magistrate
as
Guilty
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
no
warning
of
all
these
Proceedings
till
towards
the
middle
of
October
,
De
la
Thuillerie
the
French
Ambassador
,
to
redress
this
disorder
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
caused
the
Proceedings
of
the
City
Magistrates
to
be
stopt
by
the
States
of
the
particular
Province
of
Vtrecht
.
Now
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
understanding
that
Schoocki●●
for
to
favour
Voetius
,
had
declared
himself
sol●
Author
of
the
Book
that
went
under
hi●
Name
,
took
occasion
to
cite
him
to
appear
personally
at
Groninguen
,
before
his
own
natural
Judges
,
there
to
Answer
in
his
own
Name
,
for
the
Calumniating
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
that
was
laid
to
his
Charge
,
and
wherewith
this
Book
was
stufft
.
XII
&
XIII
.
The
Vexation
that
seized
Voetius
for
the
bad
success
of
his
Intrigues
,
produced
a
new
Libel
he
put
forth
shortly
after
against
his
Metaphysical
Meditations
,
under
the
counterfeit
name
of
Theophilus
Cosmopolita
;
the
Piece
died
so
soon
as
it
was
born
,
the
reason
was
,
because
the
Publick
was
terrified
not
only
at
the
extravagancy
of
the
Stile
,
and
the
grossness
of
the
Abuses
;
but
also
,
because
of
the
Cheat
and
Impos●ure
that
conspicuously
reigned
from
the
beginning
to
the
ending
.
It
fared
quite
otherwise
with
the
new
Piece
Gassendus
had
lately
Composed
,
Des
Cartes
had
made
to
his
Objections
touching
the
Meditations
.
The
Author
had
divulged
it
,
and
sent
it
from
hand
to
hand
in
Paris
,
before
he
sent
〈◊〉
to
Monsieur
Sorbiere
,
to
get
it
Printed
in
Amsterdam
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
timely
notice
of
it
,
●ut
not
being
endowed
with
the
Gift
of
Diffi●ulation
;
he
goes
,
without
thinking
any
harm
,
〈◊〉
discover
to
Monsieur
Sorbiere
what
his
●houghts
were
concerning
such-like
dealing
as
his
;
little
thinking
he
spoke
to
M.
Gassendus
●is
Spy
,
whom
he
took
into
his
House
as
his
friend
;
he
declared
to
him
somewhat
too
●rankly
,
that
he
had
Monsieur
Gassendus
in
●is
thoughts
,
when
he
complain'd
of
some
,
●ho
let
his
Enemies
secretly
read
,
what
they
writ
●gainst
him
.
Sorbiere
who
was
the
Sollicitor
●f
the
Cause
,
snatch'd
at
this
Declaration
,
and
●utting
the
worst
Construction
he
could
be●hink
himself
of
upon
it
,
whereby
to
blast
●assendus
his
reputation
;
he
sent
it
him
,
signi●●ing
to
him
by
the
by
,
that
whereas
Des
Cartes
took
it
ill
that
he
should
conceal
his
●●stances
or
Reply
;
it
was
but
meet
he
should
●fford
him
the
Satisfaction
to
see
them
appear
〈◊〉
publick
.
Thereupon
Gassendus
sends
him
his
Copy
,
●nd
left
the
disposing
thereof
wholly
to
his
●iscretion
,
without
obliging
him
to
any
thing
●ut
only
to
call
to
mind
that
his
writing
was
only
intended
for
such
of
their
Friends
who
could
not
abide
that
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
●ould
brag
for
having
had
Adversaries
.
Monsieur
Sorbiere
caused
the
Work
to
be
printed
〈◊〉
Amsterdam
,
together
with
the
disquisition
〈◊〉
first
Objections
against
the
Meditation
and
Answer
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
.
Nay
,
and
he
Composed
a
Preface
to
boot
,
in
the
Printer
Name
,
wherein
he
bespatter'd
our
Philosopher
as
much
as
he
thought
good
,
without
exposing
himself
openly
to
his
displeasure
.
Regius
incensed
at
this
so
disobliging
carriag●
of
Sorbiere
,
did
what
in
him
lay
to
animat●
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
against
Monsieur
Gasse●dus
his
Instances
,
,
and
to
perswade
him
tha●
they
were
full
of
rancour
and
affront
.
The●●
were
reproaches
otherwise
contrary
to
th●
Character
of
this
Author's
Spirit
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
did
all
he
could
to
●●dervalue
these
Instances
,
and
to
forbear
reading
them
,
for
fear
lest
he
might
there
me●
with
matter
for
an
Answer
,
and
by
th●
means
,
an
occasion
of
prolonging
the
Quar●●
he
had
had
enough
of
.
Having
learnt
fro●
one
of
his
Friends
,
that
the
Piece
deserve●
an
Answer
,
he
was
willing
to
promise
on●
yet
he
deferr'd
the
performing
it
,
till
aft●
the
Edition
of
his
Principles
then
in
the
Pres●
his
Voyage
into
France
,
and
after
his
new
su●
at
Groninguen
,
which
was
to
be
tryed
and
d●cided
at
his
return
.
He
had
hopes
to
see
the
finishing
of
the
Impression
of
his
Principles
,
Des
Cartes
at
variance
.
before
he
took
h●
Journey
.
But
the
tediousness
of
those
th●
Graved
the
Figures
,
obliged
him
to
leave
th●
to
M.
Schooten
,
and
depart
in
Company
〈◊〉
Monsieur
de
Ville
Bressieux
the
First
of
May
putting
his
Cause
depending
at
Groninguen
〈◊〉
to
such
a
posture
,
that
it
was
not
likely
〈◊〉
create
him
the
least
trouble
or
surprize
:
From
Egmond
de
Hoef
he
came
to
Leiden
,
fro●
thence
to
Amsterdam
,
and
then
pas'd
through
the
Hague
,
to
take
leave
of
his
Friends
.
Monsieur
Sorbiere
,
who
feigned
himself
to
be
one
of
that
Number
,
expected
him
there
supply'd
with
such
Arms
as
he
had
required
of
M.
Gassendus
,
to
assault
him
about
his
opinion
of
a
Vacuum
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
was
armed
with
the
patience
to
Answer
all
his
Difficulties
,
without
complaining
of
the
unseasonableness
of
the
time
,
whereby
he
was
straiten'd
.
M.
Sorbiere
having
spent
his
whole
stock
of
Ammunition
against
him
,
could
not
for
shame
beg
any
new
Arguments
touching
a
Vacuum
of
M.
Gassendus
,
but
sought
out
other
Subjects
to
plague
and
quite
weary
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
out
of
his
Skin
;
applying
himself
rather
to
find
what
to
object
,
than
to
comprehend
what
Answer
was
given
him
.
The
next
day
he
writes
to
M.
Gassendus
,
to
give
him
an
account
of
whatever
he
had
performed
against
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
to
be
serviceable
to
him
;
yea
,
and
he
set
them
so
very
much
at
variance
,
that
they
were
very
shy
of
one
anothers
Company
,
and
treated
one
another
with
a
great
deal
of
indifference
for
a
pretty
while
,
without
so
much
as
careing
to
see
one
another
when
they
were
both
in
Paris
.
XIV
.
Elziver
perceiving
the
Impression
of
Mons.
Des
Cartes
his
Principles
to
be
brought
almost
to
a
Conclusion
;
Des
Cartes
to
review
it
,
before
he
gave
leave
to
publish
it
.
He
did
so
,
and
withal
took
occasion
to
take
another
touch
at
some
of
his
Notions
,
and
to
make
some
.
Alterations
in
his
Original
.
Insomuch
that
these
Translations
have
as
great
an
advantage
as
that
of
his
Principles
,
which
surpasses
the
Originals
in
goodness
.
Now
M.
Curcellaeus
translated
nothing
but
his
Discourse
de
Methodo
,
and
the
Treatise
of
Dioptriques
and
Meteors
.
He
did
not
meddle
with
Geometry
;
whether
he
judged
it
above
his
reach
,
or
whether
he
had
notice
that
M.
Schooten
had
undertaken
to
translate
it
,
we
know
not
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
embarked
and
set
sail
from
Holland
,
Rue
des
Ecouffes
.
He
departed
from
thence
for
Orleans
the
12th
of
July
,
from
whence
he
went
down
the
Loire
to
Blois
,
to
Monsieur
de
Beaune's
House
,
who
was
a
Counsel
in
the
Presidial
;
from
thence
to
Tours
,
to
Abbot
de
Touchelay
Junior's
House
,
in
the
Absence
of
the
Elder
Brother
.
There
he
see
a
great
many
of
his
Friends
and
Acquaintance
,
and
some
of
his
Relations
.
After
that
he
pass'd
to
Nantes
,
and
so
to
Rennes
;
from
whence
,
accompanied
with
his
two
Brethren
,
Counsellors
in
Parliament
,
he
went
to
Crevis
in
the
Diocese
of
St.
Malo
,
to
his
Brother-in-Law
Monsieur
Rogiers
a
Widdower
,
who
married
his
Sister
Jane
Des
Cartes
;
there
they
all
laid
their
heads
together
,
how
to
settle
and
accommodate
their
Domestick
Affairs
.
He
was
to
go
from
thence
to
Kerleau
near
Vannes
,
to
his
Eldest
Brother's
House
,
and
then
to
Chavagnes
in
the
Diocese
of
Nantes
to
his
Younger
Brother's
.
After
that
he
went
as
far
as
Poictou
,
upon
no
other
Errand
than
he
did
in
Britagne
,
to
visit
his
Friends
and
Relations
;
and
so
came
back
to
Paris
towards
the
middle
of
October
.
BOOK
VII
.
From
1644
till
1650.
I.
&
II.
AT
his
Arrival
,
Course
of
Philosophy
,
both
of
which
were
suppress'd
.
He
had
a
mind
to
divide
them
into
other
Parts
:
The
First
of
which
contains
the
Principles
of
Humane
Knowledge
,
which
one
may
call
the
first
Philosophy
or
Metaphysicks
:
wherein
it
hath
very
much
relation
and
connexion
with
his
Meditations
.
The
Second
contains
what
is
most
general
in
Philosophy
,
and
the
Explanation
of
the
first
Laws
of
Nature
,
and
of
the
principles
of
natural
things
,
the
Proprieties
of
Bodies
,
Space
,
and
Motion
,
&c.
The
Third
contains
a
particular
Explanation
,
of
the
System
of
the
World
,
and
more
especially
of
what
we
mean
by
the
Heavens
and
Celestial
Bodies
.
The
Fourth
contains
whatsoever
belongs
to
the
Earth
.
That
which
is
most
remarkable
in
this
Work
,
is
,
That
the
Author
after
having
first
of
all
established
the
distinction
and
difference
he
puts
between
the
Soul
and
the
Body
,
when
he
hath
laid
down
,
for
the
Principles
of
corporeal
things
,
bigness
,
figure
and
local
motion
;
all
which
are
things
in
themselves
so
clear
and
intelligible
,
that
they
are
granted
and
received
by
every
one
whatsoever
;
he
hath
found
out
a
way
to
explain
all
Nature
in
a
manner
,
and
to
give
a
reason
of
the
most
wonderful
Effects
,
without
altering
the
Principles
;
yea
,
and
without
being
inconsistent
with
himself
in
any
thing
whatsoever
.
Yet
had
he
not
the
presumption
for
all
that
to
believe
he
had
hit
upon
the
explication
of
all
natural
things
,
especially
such
that
do
not
fall
under
our
senses
,
in
the
same
manner
as
they
really
and
truly
are
in
themselves
.
He
should
do
something
indeed
,
if
he
could
but
come
the
nearest
that
it
was
possible
to
likelihood
or
verisimilitude
,
to
which
others
before
him
could
never
reach
;
and
if
he
could
●o
bring
the
matter
about
,
that
,
whatsoever
●e
had
written
should
exactly
agree
with
all
●he
Phenomena's
of
Nature
,
this
he
judged
sufficient
for
the
use
of
Life
,
the
profit
and
benefit
of
which
seems
to
be
the
main
and
only
end
one
ought
to
propose
to
himself
in
Mechanicks
,
Physick
,
or
Medicine
;
and
in
all
Arts
that
may
be
brought
to
perfection
by
the
help
of
Physick
or
natural
Philosophy
.
But
of
all
things
he
hath
explained
,
there
is
not
one
of
them
that
doth
not
seem
at
least
morally
certain
in
respect
of
the
profit
of
life
,
notwithstanding
they
may
be
uncertain
in
respect
of
the
absolute
Power
of
God
.
Nay
,
there
are
several
of
them
that
are
absolutely
,
or
more
than
morally
certain
;
such
as
are
Mathematical
Demonstrations
,
and
those
evident
ratiocinations
he
hath
framed
concerning
the
existence
of
material
things
.
Nevertheless
,
he
was
indued
with
that
Modesty
,
as
no
where
to
assume
the
authority
of
positively
deciding
,
or
ever
to
assert
any
thing
for
undeniable
.
Altho'
what
he
intended
to
offer
,
under
the
Name
of
Principles
of
Philosophy
,
was
brought
to
that
Conclusion
,
that
one
could
not
lawfully
nor
reasonably
require
more
for
the
perfecting
his
design
;
yet
did
it
give
some
cause
to
his
Friends
,
to
hope
to
see
the
Explication
of
all
other
things
,
which
made
people
say
,
That
his
Physick
was
not
compleat
.
He
promised
himself
likewise
to
explain
after
the
same
manner
,
the
nature
of
other
more
particular
Bodies
,
that
belong
to
the
Terrestrial
Globe
;
as
,
Minerals
,
Plants
,
Animals
,
and
Man
in
particular
;
After
which
,
he
proposed
to
himself
(
according
as
God
should
please
to
lengthen
out
his
days
)
to
treat
with
the
same
exactness
of
all
Physick
or
Medicine
,
of
Mechanicks
,
and
of
the
whole
Doctrine
of
Morality
or
Ethicks
;
whereby
to
present
the
World
with
an
entire
Body
of
Philosophy
.
He
dedicated
his
Book
of
Principles
to
his
most
Illustrious
Disciple
,
Des
Cartes
his
Philosophy
,
she
conceived
such
high
esteem
and
affection
for
his
Doctrine
,
that
she
look'd
upon
all
she
had
learn'd
till
that
time
as
good
as
nothing
;
and
so
put
her self
under
his
Tuition
for
to
raise
a
new
Structure
upon
his
Principles
.
Thereupon
she
sends
to
him
,
to
come
and
see
her
,
that
she
might
drink
in
the
true
Phi●osophy
at
the
Fountain
Head
;
and
the
great
desire
to
do
her
Service
nearer
,
was
one
of
the
reasons
that
drew
him
to
Leiden
&
to
Eindegeest
.
Never
did
Master
more
happily
improve
the
docibility
,
aptness
,
penetration
,
and
withal
the
solidity
of
a
Scholar's
Mind
.
Having
accustomed
her
insensibly
to
the
profound
Meditation
of
the
grand
Mysteries
of
Nature
,
and
sufficiently
exercising
of
her
in
the
most
abstracted
Questions
of
Geometry
,
and
the
most
sublime
ones
of
Metaphysicks
.
There
was
no
longer
any
thing
abstruse
or
mysterious
to
her
;
and
he
ingeniously
confesseth
and
owneth
,
that
he
had
not
yet
met
with
any
besides
her
(
he
excepted
Regius
in
another
place
)
that
ever
arrived
at
a
perfect
understanding
of
the
Works
he
had
published
till
that
time
.
By
this
Testimony
that
he
bore
to
the
extraordinary
Capacity
of
the
Princess
,
he
intended
to
distinguish
her
from
those
who
were
not
able
to
apprehend
his
Metaphysicks
,
altho'
they
might
have
some
insight
into
Geometry
;
and
from
those
that
were
not
able
to
understand
his
Geometry
,
altho'
they
might
be
pretty
well
vers'd
in
Metaphysical
Truths
.
She
continued
to
Philosophise
with
him
Viva
voce
,
till
a
certain
Accident
obliged
her
to
absent
herself
from
the
Presence
of
the
Queen
of
Bohemia
her
Mother
,
and
to
quit
her
abode
in
Holland
for
Germany
;
then
she
changed
her
Acquaintance
into
an
Intelligence
by
Letter
,
which
she
kept
afoot
with
him
,
by
the
Ministery
of
the
Princesses
her
Sisters
.
III.
According
to
the
measures
M.
Des
Cartes
had
taken
upon
his
return
from
Poictoù
,
His
greatest
care
was
,
to
be
sure
to
visit
the
Jesuites
of
the
Colledge
of
Clermont
,
where
was
performed
the
last
Ceremonies
of
his
reconciliation
to
Father
Bourdin
,
his
old
Adversary
;
who
,
that
,
his
friendship
might
be
active
,
and
not
consist
in
a
parcel
of
words
,
offer'd
to
be
his
Correspondent
for
the
Letters
he
should
send
to
the
Fathers
of
the
Company
in
any
Province
of
the
Realm
,
and
into
Italy
,
and
also
for
those
that
he
was
to
receive
from
them
.
He
visited
also
,
besides
the
Duke
de
Luines
,
and
Monsieur
Clerselier
who
translated
his
Meditations
,
Monsieur
Chanut
,
whose
desert
had
reach'd
his
Ear
,
by
the
Commendations
of
Father
Mersennus
.
This
Friend
was
pleased
to
introduce
him
into
the
Chancellor's
Company
,
who
received
him
with
all
Testimonies
of
respect
,
that
one
could
possibly
expect
from
a
Magistrate
who
favoured
Men
of
Parts
and
Learning
,
that
loved
the
Sciences
,
and
was
already
advantagiously
prepossessed
with
a
good
opinion
of
our
Philosopher
,
by
the
read●ng
of
his
Essays
of
Philosophy
.
He
entertain'd
likewise
frequent
Conferences
with
Sir
Kenelm
Digby
,
an
English
Catho●ick
,
then
in
Paris
,
and
reckoned
in
the
number
of
one
of
his
chief
Friends
for
many
years
together
;
but
altho'
he
confin'd
himself
to
see
those
Friends
,
he
had
never
seen
,
the
number
of
them
was
too
great
,
and
the
term
he
had
prescrib'd
for
his
abode
too
short
,
to
give
them
all
the
Satisfaction
he
could
have
wish'd
.
Yet
he
thought
himself
obliged
not
to
pass
by
Monsieur
Robervall
unsaluted
;
he
desired
to
assure
him
how
much
he
valued
him
,
offered
him
his
friendship
afresh
,
and
declar●●
to
him
Viva
voce
,
that
all
the
Impression
of
their
petty
Paper-scuffles
were
perf●●●ly
razed
out
of
his
Spirit
.
Monsieur
Robervall
strain'd
hard
to
Answer
the
honour
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
did
him
;
and
he
protested
freely
how
much
he
was
disposed
to
pay
what
he
ought
to
his
Worth
,
and
to
his
Quality
;
but
the
small
Coherence
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
observed
in
his
Discourses
,
gave
him
quickly
to
understand
the
truth
of
that
Idea
he
had
conceived
of
his
Interiours
:
it
was
no
hard
matter
to
judge
that
the
amity
of
this
Geometrician
was
a
benefit
that
would
soon
perish
.
Nevertheless
,
he
did
him
the
justice
to
believe
that
there
was
less
malice
and
affectation
,
than
nature
and
disposition
in
his
unpolite
,
rough-hewn
,
disobliging
Behaviour
;
and
he
received
his
friendship
however
,
the
best
that
he
could
give
,
without
taking
his
Bond
to
warrant
it
,
either
more
solid
,
or
durable
than
it
was
.
Leaving
what
Copies
of
his
Principles
he
had
to
Abbot
Picot's
disposal
,
at
whose
House
he
lodged
,
who
had
already
translated
the
better
part
into
the
French
Tongue
,
he
departed
for
Holland
about
the
end
of
October
.
And
Father
Mersennus
,
that
had
nothing
le●●
at
this
departure
that
could
retain
him
in
Paris
,
took
a
Journey
into
Italy
,
which
he
was
obliged
to
do
for
the
matter
of
Eight
or
Nine
Months
.
IV
&
V.
The
News
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
return
,
Egmond
de
Bearnen
,
with
a
resolution
to
shut
himself
up
more
closely
than
ever
in
his
old
beloved
Solitude
,
and
at
a
distance
from
the
importunities
of
his
Neighbours
,
and
visits
of
Friends
,
having
resolved
wholly
to
apply
himself
to
the
knowledge
of
Animals
,
Plants
,
and
Minerals
.
That
he
might
procure
himself
the
ease
and
quietness
necessary
to
his
Studies
,
he
presently
had
thoughts
of
putting
an
end
to
that
process
or
suit
that
he
had
depending
at
Groninguen
against
Schoockius
,
Professor
and
Rector
of
the
University
;
which
was
partly
the
cause
of
that
which
Voetius
had
commenced
against
him
at
Vtrecht
.
The
face
of
this
Vtrecht
affair
changed
to
his
honour
at
last
;
altho'
by
the
ill-will
of
the
Judges
Voetius
●ad
bribed
,
he
got
but
little
advantage
by
it
.
But
it
was
enough
for
him
that
their
irregu●ar
Proceedings
contrary
to
the
Course
of
Law
,
turn'd
to
their
confusion
;
the
great
noise
●heir
Injustice
made
,
stood
the
Judges
of
Gro●inguen
in
no
small
stead
,
for
the
regulating
●heir
Proceeding
in
the
Judgment
they
were
●o
pass
between
the
Professor
and
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
.
The
Business
was
depending
in
the
Senate
●r
Counsel
of
the
University
,
which
is
the
●ight
Court
of
Judicature
where
Schoockius
his
Causes
were
to
be
tried
:
and
the
Action
against
him
was
,
to
make
a
publick
amends
●nd
reparation
for
the
Calumnies
,
and
Slanders
,
●hereof
the
Latine
Book
was
full
,
intituled
,
Philosophia
Cartesiana
,
or
,
Admiranda
Methodus
,
which
was
composed
and
published
by
Voetius
,
●n
Schoockius
his
Name
,
who
declared
himself
Author
of
the
same
;
and
consequently
to
be
●esponsible
for
it
.
Upon
a
Letter
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
writ
about
it
the
7th
of
February
,
to
Tobias
Andraeus
one
of
the
Professors
of
the
University
,
and
one
of
the
Judges
that
sit
upon
the
Cause
;
Schoockius
was
warn'd
into
Court
;
upon
his
appearance
,
without
holding
it
necessary
to
hear
the
Cause
,
they
gave
Sentence
in
favour
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
the
10th
of
April
,
1645.
yea
,
and
they
dealt
very
favourably
with
Schoockius
(
because
he
was
Colleague
to
the
Judges
)
being
content
only
,
that
he
should
acknowledge
and
confess
his
Errors
,
and
that
he
had
been
but
only
the
Instrument
and
Broaker
of
Voetius
his
Calumnies
and
Excesses
.
The
surprizal
that
his
Cause
came
to
an●
Hearing
in
his
absence
,
even
before
he
had
produced
his
Writings
,
made
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
look
upon
this
quick
expedition
,
as
〈◊〉
pure
effect
of
the
Evidence
that
his
Cause
was
good
.
The
Judges
of
Groninguen
sending
him
a
Copy
of
the
Judgment
,
together
with
all
the
Acts
that
served
to
the
prosecuting
the
Cause
,
he
judged
it
convenient
to
dispatch
them
to
the
Magistrates
of
Vtrecht
,
with
five
Letters
of
Voetius
their
Minister
,
written
to
Father
Mersennus
,
on
purpose
that
they
might
open
their
Eyes
,
and
behold
the
Impostures
and
Malignity
of
this
Hypocrite
;
But
instead
of
repairing
the
loss
,
and
making
amends
for
what
was
past
,
their
confusion
turn'd
into
their
being
asham'd
at
it
;
which
produced
nothing
but
an
Act
to
Prohibit
the
Impression
and
dispersing
whatsoever
was
for
,
or
against
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
.
Notwithstanding
this
Order
,
Voetius
taking
on
like
a
Madman
for
what
had
past
at
Groninguen
,
did
nevertheless
Print
a
Letter
in
Schoockius
his
Name
against
the
Author's
consent
,
who
disowned
it
:
and
his
Son
falls
foul
upon
the
Judges
of
Groninguen
,
by
a
most
insolent
Libel
,
intituled
,
Tribunal
Iniquum
:
it
was
but
requisite
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
should
take
upon
him
to
defend
these
Gentlemen
and
their
Judgment
.
Nevertheless
,
Voetius
the
Father
,
and
Dematius
his
Colleague
,
branded
in
the
Sentence
as
Forgers
and
Slanderers
,
did
complot
and
contrive
an
expedient
how
to
punish
Schoockius
his
Ingratitude
,
who
had
been
Scholar
and
Confident
to
Voetius
.
They
termed
the
Obligation
that
lay
upon
him
to
prefer
Truth
to
Falshood
,
before
the
Tribunal
of
his
Judges
,
ingratitude
.
But
because
he
was
no
longer
under
the
lash
;
they
entered
an
Action
of
Scandal
against
him
,
as
tho'
he
had
done
wrong
.
Nevertheless
,
the
threatnings
Schoockius
thunder'd
out
against
Voetius
,
that
he
would
discover
all
his
Roguery
in
Court
,
caused
the
latter
to
surcease
his
Process
just
when
it
was
upon
the
point
of
being
try'd
at
Vtrecht
,
and
they
never
really
pardoned
one
another
after
.
The
disposition
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
in
respect
of
them
was
quite
otherwise
.
The
Storm
once
blown
over
;
he
scrupled
not
to
discover
his
heart
:
and
had
the
generosity
to
facilitate
their
reconciliation
,
and
freely
tender'd
them
his
friendship
;
but
Voetius
seem'd
not
to
be
sensible
of
all
these
Courtesies
.
He
boasted
that
he
had
reserved
another
Action
still
against
him
,
that
he
could
make
use
of
when
occasion
served
.
This
put
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
upon
drawing
up
an
Apologetical
Manifesto
for
the
Magistrates
of
Utrecht
,
to
the
intent
he
might
once
for
all
bury
all
the
whole
Affair
in
Oblivion
.
He
made
for
them
an
Historical
and
rational
Compendium
of
what
past
in
their
City
from
the
Year
1639
▪
touching
his
Philosophy
and
Person
:
He
laid
before
them
the
justice
of
the
Cause
,
and
the
injustice
of
his
Enemies
to
prevail
with
them
at
last
to
do
him
right
,
for
the
wrong
they
had
done
to
his
reputation
,
out
of
the
favour
they
bore
to
Voetius
.
However
the
reading
of
his
Principles
produced
good
or
bad
effects
in
mens
Minds
,
according
as
they
found
themselves
inclined
an●
disposed
in
respect
of
the
Author
of
them●
Accordingly
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
could
hope
for
nothing
but
what
was
favourable
to
hi●
from
Rivet
,
who
called
himself
his
Friend
,
〈◊〉
and
an
Admirer
of
his
Doctrine
too
,
that
〈◊〉
might
imitate
several
Cartesians
with
wh●●
he
was
to
live
.
Yet
not
so
well
understanding
it
,
he
thought
he
put
an
acceptable
Complement
upon
M.
Gassendus
,
in
propounding
to
him
to
make
the
same
Reflections
upon
his
Principles
,
as
he
had
done
upon
his
Meditations
.
M.
Gassendus
excused
himself
thereupon
,
first
of
all
,
upon
pretence
that
he
would
rub
up
an
old
Sore
;
and
then
,
upon
pretence
that
he
undervalued
his
Principles
,
&
was
pleased
to
let
,
fly
some
injurious
Expressions
against
him
for
to
discharge
his
Mind
.
The
Jesuites
carriage
was
quite
contrary
to
his
,
in
the
Judgment
they
past
upon
his
last
Work
.
He
received
exceeding
advantagious
Testimonies
thereof
from
the
Heads
of
their
Body
,
even
to
the
making
him
believe
that
the
Society
would
take
his
part
.
The
Progress
of
his
Philosophy
was
no
less
in
Holland
than
in
Paris
:
Adrian
Heereboord
,
Professor
of
Philosophy
,
and
Sub-principal
of
the
Theological
Colledge
,
by
leave
of
Heydanus
Minister
and
famous
Preacher
,
of
Golius
Schoolen
,
and
of
some
other
Professors
,
who
were
themselves
become
strenuous
maintainers
of
this
new
Philosophy
.
Heereboord's
Zeal
in
●is
first
Lessons
was
not
perhaps
heated
to
that
●egree
as
was
that
of
Regius
at
Vtrecht
,
yet
it
●eemed
to
be
more
circumspect
,
cautious
,
and
●etter
regulated
.
So
was
it
also
of
a
longer
continuance
,
and
an
answerable
success
.
It
had
been
very
well
for
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
Des
Cartes
:
since
he
hath
ventured
●o
dogmatize
upon
his
own
head
concerning
●he
Union
of
the
Humane
Soul
with
the
Bo●y
and
upon
some
other
nice
Points
,
he
put
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
to
a
great
deal
of
trouble
,
who
by
his
particular
Exhortations
,
Corre●tions
of
his
Theses's
and
other
Works
,
en●eavoured
to
keep
his
Spirit
within
due
●ounds
.
Regius
,
since
that
,
fell
away
strangely
●nd
insensibly
:
and
either
because
he
had
re●overed
his
first
Genius
,
or
that
he
searcht
out
●ome
middle
way
to
get
again
into
the
favour
●f
his
Friends
of
Vtrecht
;
and
by
that
means
,
●ecure
himself
of
the
peaceable
possession
of
●is
Professor's
Chair
;
he
drew
up
,
during
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Travails
certain
Essays
●f
a
Philosophy
of
his
own
making
,
to
which
he
pretended
to
give
the
name
of
Fondemens
de
Physique
,
the
Foundations
of
Physicks
.
The
Experience
he
had
of
Mons.
Des
Cartes
his
Kindnesses
,
made
him
believe
this
Work
would
have
gone
down
with
him
.
Just
as
he
had
composed
it
,
he
●ends
it
him
to
peruse
and
examine
,
rather
,
not
to
give
over
his
old
Custom
all
on
a
sudden
,
than
to
make
any
advantage
by
his
Mr's
.
reading
of
it
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
was
not
so
complaisant
,
as
he
flatter'd
himself
to
find
him
;
he
observed
in
this
last
Writing
of
his
,
more
License
than
he
had
observed
in
all
the
rest
;
and
instead
of
sending
Regius
the
Corrections
of
the
places
that
required
them
,
as
his
constant
practice
was
formerly
,
he
writ
to
him
and
told
him
roundly
,
That
he
could
not
,
nor
would
not
afford
a
general
Approbation
to
this
Work
.
He
added
withal
,
That
if
he
doted
so
much
upon
his
own
private
Sentiments
,
not
to
follow
the
advice
he
had
given
him
to
suppress
or
reform
it
,
that
then
he
should
be
obliged
to
disown
it
,
and
so
undeceive
the
World
,
who
thought
all
along
that
he
entertained
no
other
Sentiments
but
his
.
Regius
,
who
had
already
taken
his
part
,
and
obstinately
stood
it
out
against
all
sorts
of
Remonstrances
,
did
nevertheless
thank
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
for
his
advice
:
but
instead
of
following
it
as
formerly
,
he
did
what
he
could
to
excuse
his
Work
,
and
to
shew
the
neat
Contrivance
and
Excellency
of
it
to
his
Master
;
as
if
these
particulars
had
escaped
his
Reflections
.
He
commended
to
him
more
especially
his
Method
of
Analysis
,
and
that
curious
●way
of
his
to
define
and
divide
.
But
to
avoid
the
inconveniencies
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
given
him
notice
of
,
he
sent
him
this
Model
of
an
Advertisement
to
the
Reader
,
with
which
he
intended
to
conclude
the
Preface
of
●is
Book
.
For
to
undeceive
those
who
might
be
●pt
to
imagine
that
the
things
contained
in
this
Work
might
be
the
meer
Sentiments
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
I
am
willing
to
give
notice
to
the
World
;
that
there
are
,
indeed
,
several
Passages
,
wherein
I
do
,
ex
professo
,
adhere
to
the
Dictates
of
that
excellent
Person
;
but
that
there
are
others
●lso
,
wherein
I
am
of
a
quite
contrary
Opinion
;
●nd
some
others
again
,
upon
which
he
hath
not
●hought
good
to
explain
his
meaning
.
That
he
might
endeavour
to
prevent
the
publick
dissa●isfaction
and
disowning
of
it
,
wherewith
he
●hought
himself
threatned
by
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
:
He
offer'd
him
to
add
moreover
in
his
Preface
whatsoever
he
should
judge
convenient
;
because
he
apprehended
this
disown●ng
,
as
a
Confutation
of
his
Work
,
capable
of
●tifling
or
decrying
it
,
at
its
very
birth
;
but
,
at
the
bottom
,
he
talked
not
a
word
of
altering
or
mending
it
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
sent
him
word
that
he
mightily
approved
of
his
manner
of
treating
of
Physicks
by
way
of
Definitions
and
Divisions
,
provided
he
would
adjoyn
thereto
the
necessary
proofs
:
But
let
him
understand
withal
,
that
he
did
not
appear
to
him
sufficiently
vers'd
in
Metaphysicks
nor
in
Divinity
,
to
undertake
to
publish
any
thing
about
them
:
And
,
that
if
he
were
fully
bent
upon
the
Publication
of
of
his
Foundations
or
Grounds
of
Physick
,
he
should
do
well
,
at
least
to
re●rench
what
related
to
the
Soul
of
Man
and
Divinity
,
and
not
to
falsifie
any
thing
he
borrowed
from
him
:
In
a
word
,
that
he
should
do
him
a
kindness
not
to
make
him
a
partaker
in
his
mistakes
and
extravagant
notions
in
Metaphysicks
,
nor
in
his
Visions
in
Natural
Philosophy
and
Medicine
.
This
last
Letter
caused
Regius
to
pluck
off
his
Mask
:
and
being
resolved
to
Sacrifice
his
Master's
Honour
to
his
own
;
he
quite
and
clean
renounced
his
Discipline
by
a
Declaration
written
23d
of
July
1645.
after
such
an
hectoring
huffing
manner
;
that
,
what
they
tell
us
of
Aristotle's
ingratitude
to
Plato
,
and
of
Maximus
the
Cynick's
insolence
to
Gregory
Nazianzen
is
not
incredible
;
Regius
went
far
beyond
them
by
this
insult
,
and
lost
by
his
Schism
that
Glory
which
involved
him
in
such
Dangers
and
Persecutions
that
had
like
to
have
made
him
the
Proto-martyr
of
the
Cartesian
Sect.
Nay
,
and
he
joyn'd
Injustice
and
Unfaithfulness
to
his
Revolt
,
for
retaining
the
best
part
of
his
Master's
Doctrine
,
thereby
to
get
the
same
Honour
as
he
did
before
,
he
disfigured
and
spoil'd
it
,
as
he
pleased
.
And
under
pretence
that
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
refused
so
long
as
he
lived
,
to
acknowledge
it
to
be
his
,
because
of
that
forreign
outside
:
He
seized
upon
it
after
his
Death
;
suppressing
even
his
Name
so
unworthily
and
basely
,
that
men
look
upon
him
as
much
to
be
the
first
Plagiary
of
his
Doctrine
,
as
the
first
Schismatick
of
his
Sect.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
answer'd
all
the
affronts
and
outrages
of
Regius
;
with
so
much
wisdom
and
sweetness
,
that
might
have
been
capable
to
have
made
an
Apology
for
him
if
he
had
needed
one
;
and
he
would
not
make
an
end
of
keeping
a
Correspondence
with
this
ingrateful
Wretch
,
until
he
had
given
the
most
wholsome
advice
that
one
could
possibly
expect
from
a
good
Master
and
true-hearted
Friend
.
VII
.
Des
Cartes
,
consisted
in
certain
Memoirs
that
he
had
composed
ever
since
the
Edition
of
his
Principles
,
with
a
design
to
make
a
Trea●ise
of
Animals
:
the
Copy
which
Regius
,
by
what
●unning
took
,
I
know
not
,
was
very
deficient
:
●nd
out
of
a
piece
of
indiscretion
that
helpt
to
●etray
him
,
he
had
almost
inserted
it
all
into
●is
Book
of
the
Grounds
of
Physicks
,
or
Natu●al
Philosophy
;
without
being
able
to
understand
the
meaning
,
as
well
because
the
Figures
were
wanting
,
as
because
what
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
done
,
was
not
quite
fi●ished
.
In
effect
,
what
Regius
intended
to
produce
,
was
nothing
else
but
a
very
imperfect
rough●raught
of
that
which
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
●esign'd
to
perform
upon
this
Subject
.
After
●he
winning
of
his
Cause
at
Groninguen
,
the
de●ire
of
putting
his
grand
design
in
execution
,
made
him
set
about
Anatomical
Operations
with
fresh
Application
.
At
this
time
of
being
thus
busied
,
he
was
visited
by
a
Gentleman
,
who
desired
to
see
his
Library
;
he
shewed
him
nothing
but
a
Calf
,
which
he
was
going
to
dissect
.
From
the
Knowledge
of
Beasts
,
de
l'homme
,
of
Man
:
And
also
that
De
la
formation
du
foetus
;
altho'
he
had
not
finish'd
his
piece
of
Animals
.
He
gave
a
little
diversion
to
this
Study
,
At
the
beginning
of
October
,
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
returned
very
much
satisfied
the
Tenth
of
the
Month
to
Egmond
,
where
he
pass'd
the
Winter
being
very
severe
that
Year
;
then
he
composed
two
little
Works
to
pass
away
the
time
;
because
the
Plants
in
his
Garden
were
not
yet
in
a
Condition
to
supply
with
Experiments
necessary
for
the
Continuation
of
his
Physicks
.
The
first
of
these
Works
was
the
Answer
,
VIII
.
Des
Cartes
,
after
the
honour
he
had
received
from
one
of
his
Visits
in
Paris
,
return'd
insensibly
to
his
restless
Genius
.
He
spoke
,
hit
he
,
miss
he
;
of
what
he
knew
,
and
what
he
knew
not
,
with
very
little
precaution
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
notice
of
it
by
some
who
peradventure
represented
Monsieur
Roberval
more
in
the
fault
than
he
really
was
,
without
ever
considering
that
there
was
more
of
weakness
than
malice
in
his
behaviour
and
deportment
.
He
had
advice
at
the
beginning
of
1646.
of
two
main
Points
,
concerning
which
,
M.
Roberval
boasted
he
could
baffle
,
and
run
him
down
.
The
first
,
was
concerning
the
Question
of
Pappus
;
of
which
he
proposed
no
new
difficulty
at
that
time
.
The
other
was
about
Vibrations
;
that
is
as
much
as
to
say
,
what
bigness
every
body
of
what
figure
soever
,
must
have
,
being
suspended
in
the
Air
by
its
extremities
,
to
make
its
turns
and
returns
equal
to
those
of
a
Plummet
hanged
at
a
thread
of
a
length
given
.
The
Question
of
Vibrations
was
propounded
to
him
by
Father
Mersennus
,
which
he
answered
the
21st
of
February
,
and
the
2d
of
March
;
and
after
that
by
M.
Cavendish
then
at
Paris
.
He
sent
the
Solution
of
this
Question
to
that
Noble
Person
the
30th
of
March
:
whereupon
Monsieur
de
Roberval
made
some
Observations
,
which
M.
Cavendish
did
not
fail
to
dispatch
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
.
He
received
an
Answer
to
them
some
time
after
.
Now
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
seeing
that
M.
Roberval
relied
chiefly
upon
his
Experiments
,
he
sends
Father
Mersennus
word
that
he
durst
not
presume
of
himself
to
undertake
at
first
dash
,
to
give
a
sufficient
Reason
,
for
all
that
one
might
have
experimented
.
But
,
that
he
believed
all
the
Cunning
in
examining
Experiments
,
consisted
in
choosing
such
that
depend
least
upon
divers
Causes
,
and
such
whose
true
Reasons
might
be
the
most
easily
discovered
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
could
have
heartily
wisht
to
see
a
timely
end
of
this
Dispute
,
which
he
perceived
degenerate
at
last
into
unprofitable
needless
Questions
:
But
M.
Roberval
was
pleased
to
prolong
them
beyond
the
Years
end
.
This
Conduct
of
his
,
together
with
his
Fopperies
about
Pappus
his
Question
,
brought
an
old
house
upon
his
head
,
by
the
censure
of
his
Aristarchus
;
that
is
to
say
,
(
a
Book
of
his
touching
the
System
of
the
World
)
together
with
a
Judgment
upon
the
Intellect
and
Capacity
of
this
Geometrician
,
which
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
sent
to
Father
Mersennus
.
Much
what
about
the
same
time
that
he
examined
Seneca's
Book
,
Nothing
at
that
time
interrupted
the
Joy
he
received
from
that
happy
Communication
of
Moral
Philosophy
with
this
Princess
,
The
Grounds
of
Phisicks
;
he
believed
he
was
obliged
publickly
to
disown
them
for
the
Reasons
we
have
mentioned
.
Therefore
he
inserted
his
disowning
them
utterly
in
the
French
Edition
of
his
Principles
,
which
came
out
shortly
after
.
IX
.
At
the
very
time
that
Regius
broach'd
his
Schism
against
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
M.
Hoogheland
a
Popish
Gentleman
,
renowned
for
his
Vertue
and
Charity
,
Des
Cartes
.
his
Landlord
〈◊〉
Leiden
,
and
his
Correspondent
,
gratified
the
Publick
with
tokens
of
his
strict
alliance
with
him
;
which
he
made
appear
by
his
publishing
a
Book
that
he
dedicated
to
him
concerning
the
Existence
of
God
,
the
Spirituality
of
the
Soul
,
and
its
Union
with
the
Body
;
besides
the
oeconomy
of
the
Body
of
the
Animal
mechanically
explained
.
The
Civility
and
Courtesie
of
the
Author
in
acknowledging
how
much
he
was
beholding
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
made
him
point-blank
against
Regius
,
which
made
him
stand
upon
his
Pantofles
.
My
Friend
,
saith
he
,
M.
de
Hoogheland
,
hath
acted
in
Opposition
against
Regius
,
in
as
much
as
he
hath
Writ
nothing
that
he
did
not
borrow
from
me
,
and
upon
that
account
contrary
to
me
;
whereas
the
other
hath
writ
nothing
which
is
properly
mine
,
yet
there
is
nothing
against
me
;
forasmuch
as
he
hath
followed
the
self-same
Principles
.
But
the
World
would
not
be
put
off
with
a
Declaration
they
suspected
to
be
made
only
the
more
generously
to
recompence
the
honour
this
Friend
had
done
him
the
very
Front
,
and
through
the
whole
Body
of
his
Book
;
nay
,
they
were
so
far
perswaded
of
the
contrary
in
Rome
,
that
upon
the
relation
of
the
Business
two
or
three
Years
after
,
by
Father
Magnanus
to
M.
Carcavi
,
some
were
apt
to
take
the
Name
of
Hoogheland
for
a
Stalking-Horse
,
by
which
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
a
Mind
to
make
surer
of
his
Game
,
to
publish
a
new
Piece
.
The
Condition
of
other
Friends
with
whom
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
kept
Correspondence
,
de
Pollot
was
preferr'd
to
a
Chair
of
Philosophy
and
Mathematicks
at
Breda
,
in
the
P.
of
Orange's
New
Colledge
;
as
was
M.
John
Pell
,
heretofore
Professor
at
Amsterdam
.
M.
Sampson
Johnson
that
pass'd
at
Paris
for
Princess
Elizabeths
Tutor
,
but
,
was
only
Chaplain
to
the
Queen
of
Bohemia
her
Mother
,
was
also
admitted
into
the
same
Colledge
to
be
Professor
of
Divinity
.
All
these
Professors
who
took
a
Pride
to
follow
the
Cartesian
Doctrine
,
made
their
University
otherwise
called
Schola
illustris
,
all
over
Cartesian
at
its
very
birth
,
by
the
good
likeing
and
favour
of
the
Curators
.
Mons.
Rivet
Almoner
,
and
Chaplain
to
the
Prince
,
and
Mons.
Huyghens
,
second
Son
to
Monsieur
Zuitlichem
,
educated
in
the
Principles
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
.
Amongst
those
that
continued
at
the
Hague
,
there
was
none
more
considerable
than
Mons.
de
Brasset
,
a
French
Gentleman
,
his
Correspondent
,
and
since
that
Resident
of
France
to
the
States
General
with
M.
de
Burggrave
de
de
Dhona
the
younger
,
Governour
of
the
City
of
Orange
,
who
for
all
that
persisted
in
the
exercise
of
the
Cartesian
Philosophy
with
the
absent
Princess
.
Besides
so
many
subjects
of
satisfactions
,
Des
Cartes
received
also
,
all
the
year
long
,
divers
Complements
from
the
Jesuits
of
France
,
and
the
Low-Countries
.
The
business
was
so
much
the
more
delightful
to
him
,
because
these
Fathers
seem'd
to
be
the
persons
in
the
World
,
who
should
think
themselves
concern'd
in
the
publication
of
a
new
Philosophy
;
nay
,
and
who
,
according
to
him
,
should
have
pardoned
him
the
least
,
for
so
doing
,
if
so
be
they
had
found
any
thing
to
blame
in
it
.
He
was
likewise
much
pleased
to
perceive
some
of
those
in
Germany
and
Italy
to
be
recovered
of
their
prejudice
,
and
particularly
Father
Athanasius
Kercherus
▪
who
intreated
him
to
grant
him
his
friendship
by
the
intercession
of
Father
Mersennus
.
He
was
also
inform'd
by
the
reading
of
two
Tracts
of
Physick
,
that
Father
Stephen
Noel
,
Rector
of
the
Colledge
of
Clermont
in
Paris
,
presented
him
with
,
That
the
Fathers
of
the
company
of
Jesuits
did
not
so
much
tie
themselves
up
to
Ancient
Opinions
,
as
not
●o
dare
to
propose
new
ones
likewise
.
Father
Noel
was
so
much
his
friend
,
that
the
next
year
he
thought
himself
obliged
to
undertake
his
defence
against
young
Paschal
,
before
ever
he
was
quite
brought
over
to
the
Cartesian
Party
.
Much
about
the
same
time
he
received
the
Philosophy
of
Father
Fabri
,
the
Jesuit
Mathematical
Professor
at
Lyons
;
this
Philosophy
had
much
reputation
to
be
a
good
one
,
notwithstanding
it
was
contrary
to
that
of
M.
Des
Cartes
.
Men
past
the
like
Judgment
in
a
manner
upon
another
Piece
of
this
Father's
,
that
came
to
light
that
year
,
concerning
Local
Motion
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
upon
the
receipt
of
these
two
Pieces
had
advice
,
that
the
same
Author
had
some
thoughts
to
Compose
a
Course
of
Philosophy
to
oppose
his
;
that
which
moved
him
to
the
resolution
of
contradicting
his
Notions
,
was
,
in
case
he
might
be
backt
by
his
Society
,
and
,
that
it
should
appear
that
the
Jesuits
would
be
pleased
to
adopt
his
Doctrine
.
But
the
Event
let
him
understand
that
Father
Fabri
had
not
then
got
the
approbation
of
his
Society
.
In
September
,
that
year
M.
Des
Cartes
lost
a
friend
by
the
death
of
Father
Niceron
,
a
Minim
;
but
he
gain'd
another
in
the
person
of
M.
Le
Comte
,
Controuler
General
of
the
War
,
who
was
already
friend
to
M.
Clersellier
,
Chanut
and
Porlier
;
he
deserved
his
acquaintance
by
some
Objections
he
started
concerning
his
Book
of
Principles
,
which
Abbot
Picot
and
his
second
self
were
pleased
to
Answer
.
X.
Scarce
had
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
done
with
his
new
Friends
M.
le
Comte
and
Monsieur
Porlier
,
de
la
Thuillerie
at
his
return
from
his
Ambassy
of
Sweden
,
and
the
example
of
his
illustrious
Scholar
the
Princess
Elizabeth
,
suffer'd
him
no
longer
to
question
the
possibility
of
all
these
wonders
that
Fame
had
published
of
that
great
Queen
,
not
yet
above
19
years
of
Age.
The
gusto
M.
Chanut
had
already
inspired
into
her
for
his
Philosophy
,
made
her
demand
his
opinion
concerning
a
Question
of
Morality
,
that
was
bandied
about
between
her
and
this
Resident
in
November
1646.
The
Question
was
,
to
know
,
when
a
Man
makes
a
bad
use
of
love
or
hatred
,
which
of
these
two
irregularities
,
or
bad
uses
is
the
worst
:
M.
Chanut
in
beseeching
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
in
the
Queens
behalf
to
send
her
his
Sentiment
upon
the
Question
,
sent
him
word
,
that
the
Queen
and
he
were
of
two
different
opinions
,
without
telling
him
which
was
the
Princesses
,
which
his
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
that
he
might
afford
Queen
the
Satisfaction
she
demanded
,
drew
●p
presently
(
that
is
,
at
the
beginning
of
the
●ear
1647.
)
a
fine
Dissertion
upon
Love
;
which
we
have
in
the
first
Volume
of
his
Letters
;
in
that
Tract
he
discuss'd
three
things
〈◊〉
his
usual
Method
;
First
,
what
Love
is
.
Secondly
,
Whether
or
no
pure
Natural
Light
●eaches
us
to
love
God
.
Thirdly
,
Which
of
●he
two
Irregularities
of
Love
or
Hatred
is
the
worst
.
This
Piece
was
sent
into
Sweden
in
February
,
the
reading
of
it
made
the
Queen
●udge
that
whatsoever
M.
de
Chanut
had
told
her
concerning
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
came
short
of
the
real
Truth
.
She
seemed
so
abundantly
pleased
with
it
,
that
she
was
never
●eary
of
commending
the
Author
,
and
began
to
inquire
into
some
particulars
of
his
Person
,
Life
and
Conversation
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
(
says
she
to
M.
Chanut
)
as
far
as
I
perceive
by
his
writing
,
and
by
the
Character
you
give
me
of
him
,
is
the
most
happy
man
alive
,
and
his
Condition
seems
to
me
to
deserve
envying
:
you
will
do
me
a
Kindness
to
assure
him
of
the
great
esteem
I
have
for
him
.
She
consented
to
all
that
was
contained
in
the
writing
,
except
one
word
,
that
shew'd
,
by
the
by
,
that
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
was
not
of
their
opinion
that
hold
the
World
to
be
finite
;
she
signified
her
doubting
whether
or
no
one
can
admit
the
Hypothesis
of
an
infinite
World
,
without
doing
Injury
to
Christian
Religion
.
M
Chanut
was
required
to
signifie
so
much
to
him
,
and
demand
his
Explanation
of
this
difficulty
,
to
which
he
answered
,
that
he
did
not
hold
the
World
infinite
but
,
indefinite
;
as
much
as
to
say
,
that
he
had
no
Reasons
to
prove
it
to
b●
finite
.
And
withal
,
he
satisfied
M.
Chanut
who
had
added
another
,
of
his
own
head
touching
the
true
Rule
that
we
ought
to
follow
in
dividing
and
sharing
our
Inclination●
concerning
friendship
in
the
exchange
of
mutual
offices
of
Benevolence
,
and
in
the
distinguishing
of
esteem
and
respect
from
Affection
.
XI
.
The
pleasure
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
tasted
in
his
Communication
with
the
Queen
of
Sweden
and
M.
Chanut
about
Moral
Philosophy
,
Des
Cartes
,
to
be
disputed
on
in
January
and
February
.
Revius
his
intent
was
to
pervert
the
sence
of
the
Metaphysical
Meditations
of
our
Philosopher
.
In
which
business
he
was
seconded
by
Triglandius
the
Minister
,
Head-Professor
of
Divinity
in
the
University
.
Their
design
was
to
have
him
condemned
by
their
Classes
and
Consistory
▪
as
a
blasphemer
,
an
impious
Person
,
and
a
Pelagian
:
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
being
acquainted
that
these
new
Slanderers
did
not
oppose
any
one
of
his
true
opinions
,
but
only
that
they
charged
him
with
false
ones
,
which
had
never
entered
into
his
thoughts
:
writ
to
the
Curators
of
the
University
,
to
demand
Satisfaction
for
the
same
.
The
Curators
having
●ited
the
Rector
and
Professors
to
know
what
was
the
matter
,
issued
out
a
Decree
in
all
●aste
on
the
20th
of
May
,
to
forbid
them
to
make
any
mention
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
and
●is
Opinions
in
their
Lectures
for
the
future
.
Whereupon
they
write
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
●o
give
him
notice
,
That
having
satisfy'd
him
,
to
their
Power
in
what
he
demanded
of
them
,
they
hoped
that
on
his
part
,
he
would
likewise
answer
their
Desires
.
That
to
this
effect
they
intreated
him
,
that
he
would
forbear
to
debate
any
longer
that
question
which
he
said
had
been
opposed
by
the
Professors
of
their
University
;
to
prevent
the
inconvenience
that
might
ensue
to
both
Parties
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
was
very
much
dissatis●y'd
with
their
Carriage
towards
him
,
and
●ound
nothing
commendable
in
it
,
but
the
ci●ility
of
terms
.
He
wrote
to
them
to
let
●hem
understand
,
how
much
he
was
astonish'd
●hat
he
was
able
to
comprehend
their
mean●ng
;
or
that
he
had
not
made
his
plain
enough
〈◊〉
to
make
them
understand
what
it
was
he
●esired
of
them
.
These
Gentlemen
were
●istaken
to
think
that
the
Business
was
about
〈◊〉
Question
that
had
●een
opposed
by
the
two
Divines
,
Revius
and
Triglandius
.
It
was
only
●bout
giving
him
satisfaction
for
a
Calumny
whose
dangerous
Consequences
were
to
be
●eared
,
because
of
the
rank
and
credit
of
the
Calumniators
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
seeing
the
niceness
of
the
Curators
,
who
were
afraid
to
put
a
b●●t
upon
the
〈◊〉
of
their
University
,
and
knowing
besides
that
Revius
and
Trigland●●
〈◊〉
,
who
had
〈◊〉
brought
over
to
their
side
the
〈…〉
of
the
Ministers
,
Divines
and
Professors
,
〈◊〉
went
to
get
him
condemned
〈…〉
their
Consistories
or
Synods
;
thought
〈◊〉
best
to
make
use
of
the
Prince
of
〈…〉
Authority
,
as
he
had
done
in
the
business
of
〈◊〉
To
that
purpose
,
he
writes
to
M.
〈◊〉
Plenipotentiary
for
the
Peace
of
Munst●●
;
who
supply'd
the
place
of
an
Ambassador
for
some
time
at
the
〈◊〉
.
The
purport
of
this
Letter
was
,
that
the
Divines
might
be
made
to
hold
their
peace
,
and
that
the
Faculty
of
Divinity
might
be
Judges
in
this
case
;
yet
they
took
〈◊〉
care
not
to
do
any
thing
that
mi●ht
offend
or
discourage
the
Ministers
and
Profess●●rs
in
their
Funetions
and
Zeal
they
shewed
for
the
Service
of
their
Religion
.
Nevertheless
,
the
Divines
very
sorry
to
siee
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
and
his
writings
snatch'd
out
of
their
clutches
,
wreaked
their
Malice
upon
〈◊〉
of
their
Colleagues
whom
they
knew
followers
of
his
Philosophy
.
The
Storm
fell
heaviest
upon
Professor
Heerebord
and
du
Ban.
and
also
upon
Heydanus
the
Minister
,
whom
they
accused
to
be
a
favourer
of
the
Popish
Religion
,
because
he
Preached
like
a
Cartesian
;
But
they
durst
not
meddle
with
either
Golius
,
or
the
two
〈◊〉
,
nor
with
young
Dr.
de
〈◊〉
,
who
professed
Physick
in
private
.
XII
.
These
new
Troubles
were
not
capable
to
make
him
any
longer
put
off
his
Journey
into
France
,
de
Lucines
and
himself
.
When
he
had
settled
his
Affairs
in
Bretaign
and
Poicton
,
he
came
back
through
Tourain
,
where
M.
de
Crenan
,
a
Gentleman
of
his
Acquaintance
detain'd
him
for
some
time
.
At
his
return
,
he
found
a
great
deal
of
disorder
in
his
Acquaintance
.
Father
Mersennus
sick
,
Monsieur
Mydorge
dead
about
a
Fortnight
before
.
Yet
he
had
some
other
Friends
at
Court
who
thought
of
him
,
in
Consideration
of
his
great
〈◊〉
,
and
the
Profit
and
Advantage
that
his
Philosophy
and
the
Inquiries
of
his
long
Studies
procured
to
Mankind
;
as
also
to
help
him
to
pursue
his
mode
Experiments
that
required
much
expence
,
&c.
He
was
surprized
to
see
the
Expedition
of
the
Letters
Patents
,
importing
the
Donation
of
a
●ension
of
3000
Livres
,
Sealed
March
the
6th
before
he
had
so
much
as
heard
of
the
Proceedings
his
Friends
had
made
to
that
〈…〉
and
he
found
Marshal
de
〈…〉
then
Governour
of
the
Finances
,
who
honoured
him
with
〈◊〉
particular
Acquaintance
,
a
Person
very
punctual
and
careful
to
see
it
paid
him
.
The
next
day
he
thought
upon
his
return
into
Holland
,
Des
Cartes
was
much
taken
with
his
Discourse
about
the
Experiments
he
〈…〉
his
Father's
,
in
Rouen
,
of
a
Vacuum●●
matter
of
15
Months
before
.
He
found
these
Experiments
pretty
conformable
to
the
Principles
of
his
Philosophy
;
notwithstanding
M.
Paschal
was
still
averse
to
it
,
by
reason
of
the
engagement
&
uniformity
of
his
Sentiment
with
M.
Roberval
,
and
others
,
who
hold
a
Vacuum
;
but
yet
that
he
might
make
some
part
of
amends
for
his
Conversation
,
he
advised
him
to
try
other
Experiments
upon
the
Mass
of
Air
to
whose
Gravitation
he
referr'd
that
which
vulgar
Philosophers
vainly
ascribe
to
the
fuga
v●cui
.
He
assured
him
of
the
good
success
of
his
Experiments
,
altho'
he
himself
had
not
made
them
,
because
he
discours'd
of
them
,
conformable
to
his
Principles
.
M.
Paschal
who
was
not
yet
perswaded
of
solidity
of
his
Principles
,
who
also
promised
some
Objections
against
his
Materia
subtilis
,
perhaps
would
have
had
no
respect
to
his
advice
,
if
he
had
not
been
informed
about
the
same
time
of
such
a
like
Notion
,
that
Torricel●ius
a
Mathematician
of
Florence
entertain'd
.
The
Experiments
he
made
upon
this
advice
,
and
which
he
also
caused
M.
Perrier
his
Brother-in-Law
to
make
in
1648.
were
very
successful
.
But
methinks
,
he
looks
upon
himself
beholding
rather
to
Torricellius
than
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
for
them
.
He
departed
as
soon
as
ever
he
had
received
the
Letters
Parents
for
his
Pension
.
These
Occupations
were
interrupted
by
a
Letter
of
the
9th
of
November
,
the
Passions
,
to
the
Q
of
Sw●den
.
that
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
received
from
M.
Chanut
,
who
beseeched
him
in
the
Queen
of
Swedens
name
,
to
explain
to
her
his
opinion
concerning
summum
bonum
.
He
acquitted
himself
as
well
as
he
could
reasoning
upon
matters
of
Faith
;
forasmuch
as
the
Queen
acquainted
him
that
she
only
consider'd
summum
bonum
in
the
sense
of
your
ancient
Philosophers
.
He
accompanied
his
writing
with
some
Letters
which
he
had
heretofore
directed
to
the
Princess
Elizabeth
,
upon
the
same
Subject
,
together
with
his
Manuscript
Treatise
of
Passions
.
The
Queen
was
so
well
satisfied
with
them
,
that
she
was
pleased
to
write
to
him
with
her
own
Hand
to
give
him
thanks
,
thinking
at
that
very
time
to
have
him
near
her
.
XIII
.
Towards
the
end
of
the
year
,
Des
Cartes
was
not
likely
to
shew
himself
unconcern'd
.
Nevertheless
,
he
thought
to
have
slighted
the
first
,
as
being
directly
against
him
,
intituled
,
Consideration
sur
la
Methode
de
la
Philosophie
Cartesienne
,
Consideration
upon
the
Method
of
the
Cartesian
Philosophy
.
I
say
,
he
thought
to
have
slighted
it
,
because
the
Author
of
it
was
Revius
his
Enemy
,
and
because
it
was
stufft
with
needles
Ca●ils
,
and
gross
calumniating
Abuses
.
The
other
touched
him
more
to
the
quick
,
altho'
it
did
not
meddle
with
him
but
indirectly
;
The
Author
,
was
his
old
quondam
Disciple
Regius
;
the
Title
of
it
was
,
An
Explanation
of
Humane
Spirit
,
or
,
of
the
Soul
of
Man
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
took
notice
of
several
Opinions
therein
,
which
he
judged
false
and
pernicious
:
And
because
men
were
generally
perswaded
that
Regius
had
still
the
same
Sentiments
be
inspir'd
him
with
,
he
thought
himself
obliged
to
discover
the
Errors
of
this
writing
,
for
fear
they
might
be
imputed
to
him
,
by
those
,
who
not
having
read
his
Works
,
especially
his
Meditations
,
might
accidentally
fall
a
reading
this
writing
;
the
Confutation
of
it
,
writ
in
Latin
,
was
intituled
,
Remarks
upon
a
contain
Placart
,
&c.
was
〈◊〉
without
his
knowledge
,
Regius
answered
it
,
not
that
Des
Cartes
cared
a
straw
for
his
Answer
.
But
it
was
confuted
afterwards
by
Tobie
d'
Andre
.
He
made
no
more
account
of
two
other
Libels
that
appear'd
against
him
about
the
same
time
:
and
his
undervaluing
of
them
was
followed
by
that
of
the
Publick
,
that
suffer'd
them
to
perish
unregarded
.
Scarce
was
the
Winter
over
before
he
received
a
kind
of
Order
from
Court
,
as
if
it
had
been
in
the
King's
Name
,
to
command
him
to
come
back
into
France
upon
advantagious
offers
;
they
consisted
in
proposing
the
acceptance
of
a
new
Pension
and
a
considerable
place
,
which
was
to
procure
him
more
honour
than
trouble
;
that
so
he
might
have
leisure
to
continue
his
Studies
,
he
shewed
an
extraordinary
backwardnes●
to
undertake
this
tedious
Journey
;
for
he
suspected
the
success
,
by
representing
to
himself
the
posture
of
the
Affairs
of
the
Kingdom
.
But
receiving
a
brief
of
his
new
Pension
,
that
an
Officer
at
Court
,
a
friend
of
his
,
sent
him
by
M.
Martigny
;
He
was
no
longer
in
a
condition
to
be
at
his
own
disposal
.
He
departed
therefore
in
May
:
but
scarce
was
he
arrived
at
Paris
,
but
the
state
of
Publick
Affairs
afforded
him
a
fair
Prospect
of
the
incertainty
of
Humane
things
;
and
shewed
his
own
easiness
to
let
himself
be
overcome
;
troubles
unexpectedly
coming
on
,
were
the
cause
why
,
instead
of
effects
and
performances
that
they
had
made
him
hope
for
,
by
their
promises
,
he
found
that
they
had
made
one
of
his
Relations
pay
for
the
Letters
they
sent
him
,
and
that
he
stood
indebted
to
him
for
the
Money
they
cost
.
So
that
,
it
was
just
as
if
he
had
come
to
Paris
upon
no
other
Errand
but
to
buy
a
Scroll
of
Parchment
;
ay
,
and
the
dearest
and
most
insignificant
one
,
that
ever
came
to
his
hands
.
That
which
he
most
took
pet
at
,
was
,
that
none
of
those
who
were
the
occasion
of
his
coming
up
to
Court
,
did
declare
that
they
had
any
other
business
with
him
,
but
only
to
stare
him
in
the
face
,
as
if
he
had
been
some
Elephant
or
Leopard
.
This
so
unexpected
adventure
,
taught
him
never
more
to
undertake
a
sleeveless
Errand
only
upon
bare
Promises
,
tho'
they
may
be
writ
upon
Parchment
.
Nay
,
he
would
have
scamper'd
off
immediately
,
and
no
body
the
〈◊〉
to
return
as
he
came
,
that
his
presence
might
not
increase
their
Shame
that
sent
for
him
.
But
his
friends
,
after
they
had
let
him
take
his
leave
of
the
Court
,
detained
him
at
Paris
near
three
Months
,
and
omitted
nothing
that
he
might
make
this
time
seem
short
and
pleasant
.
During
this
Interval
,
XIV
.
That
day
they
were
reconciled
was
remarkable
for
Roberval's
first
undertaking
to
demonstrate
the
impossibility
of
Motion
without
admitting
a
Vacuum
.
Des
Cartes
,
who
was
personally
pointed
at
,
by
this
pretending
Mathematician
;
found
it
no
hard
task
immediately
to
Answer
all
his
Objections
:
But
he
did
it
with
all
the
respects
due
to
the
presence
of
the
Abbot
d'Etrees
and
his
Company
,
without
ever
changing
the
face
of
so
noble
and
peaceable
Conversation
.
M.
Roberval's
humour
,
which
had
always
need
of
grains
of
allowance
from
those
that
had
to
deal
with
him
,
did
by
no
means
agree
with
that
Phlegm
,
which
usually
accompanied
the
Discourses
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
.
So
that
he
was
not
long
before
he
grew
hot
:
and
upon
all
occasions
during
the
remainder
of
his
stay
at
Paris
,
Roberval
made
him
sensible
of
the
effects
of
this
heat
,
and
animosity
that
no
Consideration
was
capable
of
extinguishing
or
abating
.
The
Persecutions
of
this
man
,
XV.
Scarce
had
he
tasted
the
first
fruits
〈◊〉
his
repose
,
In
the
mean
time
,
Freinshemius
▪
her
Liberary-Keeper
,
to
Study
his
Principles
,
to
the
end
he
might
prepare
the
way
for
her
,
to
come
to
the
understanding
of
that
Philosophy
:
the
Resident
of
France
Monsieur
Chanut
▪
had
a
Commission
also
to
be
assisting
to
him
in
this
Work
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
was
then
much
taken
up
in
satisfying
the
first
heats
of
a
new
Disciple
that
his
Philosophy
had
gain'd
him
in
〈◊〉
Henry
More
,
whose
〈◊〉
and
Reverence
for
our
Philosopher
,
had
almost
proceeded
to
Idolatry
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
without
giving
much
heed
to
his
elaborate
Encomiums
,
apply'd
himself
only
to
instruct
him
,
and
to
remove
his
difficulties
,
according
as
he
let
him
understand
what
they
were
.
This
correspondence
continued
till
the
death
of
M.
Des
Cartes
,
after
which
,
More
's
Ardor
for
Cartesianism
appear'd
much
abated
,
by
reason
of
his
being
diverted
by
other
urgent
Occasions
:
until
one
single
Letter
of
M.
Clersellier
,
revived
it
in
him
,
in
the
year
1655.
and
made
him
give
fresh
proofs
of
his
affection
for
his
Doctrine
.
XVI
.
The
year
1649.
supply'd
the
Princess
Elizabeth
with
several
considerable
occasions
to
put
his
Moral
Philosophy
in
Practice
;
Des
Cartes
,
her
dear
Master
,
with
occasions
to
comfort
her
,
concerning
the
Accidents
of
this
Life
,
and
Phantasticalness
of
this
World's
Catastrophes
.
These
occasions
caused
the
Distemper
the
Princess
had
upon
her
.
1.
The
Regicide
committed
by
the
English
on
the
person
of
her
Uncle
by
her
Mothers
side
.
2.
The
indifference
and
haughtiness
of
the
Q.
of
Sweden
towards
her
.
And
then
,
the
small
Satisfaction
her
Brother
the
Elector
Palatin
had
received
by
the
Peace
of
Munster
.
The
Princess
residing
at
that
time
at
the
Court
in
Berlin
,
had
often
entertain'd
him
with
the
mighty
Satisfaction
she
should
have
to
enjoy
his
Company
in
the
Palatinate
,
whether
she
made
account
to
retire
,
after
the
reinsta●ing
of
her
Brother
:
And
he
on
his
part
assured
her
of
the
delight
he
should
have
to
go
live
near
her
,
in
a
Country
he
had
been
acquainted
with
ever
since
1619.
which
he
took
for
one
of
the
finest
and
most
commodious
in
Europe
.
All
places
were
indifferent
to
him
at
that
time
.
as
peaceably
and
sweetly
as
ever
he
he
did
,
yet
he
earnestly
desired
,
that
the
Storms
of
France
might
shortly
be
calmed
,
that
he
might
there
settle
himself
.
But
the
Continuation
of
his
Countrys
Troubles
,
accompanied
with
the
apprehension
of
never
taking
another
Journey
,
seem'd
to
incline
him
to
resolve
to
pass
the
rest
of
his
days
in
Holland
;
that
is
to
say
,
in
a
place
,
that
had
not
now
the
●ame
Charms
it
formerly
had
,
to
detain
him
;
●nd
which
did
not
seem
commodious
for
him
,
●ut
only
because
he
knew
no
other
,
where
he
●ould
be
better
.
When
he
argued
the
case
thus
;
The
Queen
presuming
upon
his
good
Inten●ions
,
even
before
M.
Chanut
had
received
●is
last
Answer
,
gave
order
to
Admiral
Flem●ing
to
go
take
him
on
Board
at
Amsterdam
,
●nd
bring
him
thither
before
the
end
of
April
.
The
Admiral
went
as
far
as
Egmond
,
●ut
by
the
Name
of
an
ordinary
Officer
of
●he
Swedish
Fleet
to
offer
him
his
Service
,
and
thereupon
shews
the
Queens
Order
,
adding
withal
,
that
he
might
consult
his
ow●
convenience
and
take
his
own
time
,
that
h●
would
cause
the
Vessel
to
wait
for
him
〈◊〉
long
as
he
thought
convenient
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
was
surprized
at
thi●
Visit
,
and
excused
himself
as
civilly
as
possibly
he
could
,
to
this
effect
,
that
having
w●●●
back
to
the
Resident
of
France
,
he
expecte●
an
Answer
of
his
Letter
,
that
would
explai●●
the
Queens
Will
and
Pleasure
more
precisely
to
him
,
and
would
determine
his
Resolution●
upon
a
Voyage
.
The
Officer
returning
to
Amsterdam
without
making
himself
known
〈◊〉
Monsieur●
Des
Cartes
received
from
Monsieur
Chanut
some
Letters
that
had
miscarried
〈◊〉
matter
of
a
Fortnight
,
that
gave
him
notic●
that
the
Queen
had
given
to
Admiral
Flemming
all
necessary
Orders
for
his
Transportation
into
Sweden
.
Upon
reading
of
them
,
he
perceived
the
mistake
the
stoppage
of
these
Letters
had
made
him
commit
,
in
taking
one
of
the
Admirals
of
the
Kingdom
for
a
private
Officer
▪
who
had
done
him
the
honour
to
give
him
〈◊〉
Visit
,
and
bring
him
the
Queens
Orders
himself
;
fearing
lest
the
refusal
of
his
Service
might
not
be
misconstrued
to
the
prejudice●
of
his
good
Intentions
,
he
forthwith
got
ready
▪
his
Bag
and
Baggage
and
little
Equipage
,
that
he
might
be
no
longer
surprized
,
when
he
should
receive
orders
to
depart
,
in
case
he
could
not
obtain
three
Months
longer
stay
,
as
he
had
demanded
.
A
little
time
after
Monsieur
Chanut
took
his
leave
of
the
Queen
of
Sweden
,
to
go
to
give
an
account
of
Residence
to
the
Court
of
France
.
He
arrived
in
April
in
Holland
,
where
he
was
prevented
by
the
King
's
Brevet
,
who
made
him
his
Ordinary
Ambassador
to
●he
same
Queen
.
He
goes
to
find
out
his
Friend
in
Hermitage
of
Egmond
,
and
left
him
no
more
difficulties
to
be
removed
as
to
his
Voyage
.
He
left
him
,
directing
his
Course
for
Paris
,
resolving
to
take
him
at
his
return
,
and
carry
him
along
with
him
to
the
Queen
of
Sweden
,
in
case
he
could
obtain
a
Dispensation
from
his
new
Ambassy
,
and
Permission
to
bring
his
Family
back
into
France
,
from
the
King
●his
Master
.
XVII
.
de
Beaune
;
whereof
we
have
already
given
you
an
account
,
who
died
some
Months
after
this
Edition
.
Sch●oten
,
like
all
the
rest
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Translators
,
desir'd
him
to
revise
his
Version
,
and
render
it
in
every
respect
conformable
to
his
original
Conceptions
,
as
he
had
done
other
;
but
chose
rather
to
let
it
pass
untouch'd
,
than
Correct
it
by
halves
.
And
to
shew
that
he
had
no
hand
in
the
Work
,
he
was
pleased
to
call
it
,
La
Geometrie
de
M.
Schooten
,
without
so
much
as
claiming
the
Ground-work
of
it
.
This
unconcernedness
was
not
approved
of
by
those
who
could
have
wish'd
it
might
have
had
the
advantage
of
other
Translations
:
yea
,
and
M.
Carcavi
complained
to
him
of
it
,
as
,
in
the
Name
of
some
Virtuoso's
of
Paris
.
This
man
exercised
on
this
occasion
the
Office
of
the
late
Father
Mersennus
,
Des
Cartes
his
Correspondent
.
in
whose
place
he
got
himself
substituted
by
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
for
the
Correspondence
touching
Philosophical
Transactions
,
and
New
Books
.
He
began
at
telling
the
success
of
the
Experiment
upon
the
Gravitation
of
Air
,
performed
at
Puy
de
Domme
near
Clermont
in
Auvergne
,
by
M.
Perrier
and
M.
Pascall
.
He
sent
him
likewise
two
small
Books
come
from
Rome
,
concerning
Physicks
;
according
to
the
new
Opinions
.
In
one
of
the
two
,
there
was
mention
made
of
the
Principles
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
with
abundance
of
esteem
:
but
some
were
of
opinion
at
Paris
,
that
the
Author
did
not
well
understand
them
;
he
acquainted
him
moreover
by
the
same
means
,
that
at
Rome
there
was
a
French
Minim
called
Father
Magnan
,
more
knowing
and
more
profound
than
Father
Mersennus
,
that
put
him
in
hopes
of
some
Objections
against
his
Principles
.
Monsieur
Carcavi
,
Des
Cartes
,
thought
it
stood
him
upon
to
vindicate
the
memory
of
this
Father
:
but
yet
for
all
that
he
took
it
in
good
part
from
Carcavi
,
that
he
testified
his
love
for
Peace
,
and
Uniting
Affections
.
And
he
was
willing
upon
his
account
,
to
answer
the
Objections
of
Monsieur
Roberval
,
just
as
if
they
had
been
pro●ounded
to
him
,
by
a
Person
that
●ore
him
no
ill
Will.
M.
de
Roberval
who
took
always
delight
to
be
Objecting
,
and
not
to
receive
,
or
admit
of
Solutions
;
making
as
if
he
knew
nothing
of
the
Answers
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
had
given
to
his
Difficulties
,
was
willing
to
make
use
of
Monsieur
Carcavi's
Name
,
to
Object
them
to
him
afresh
;
this
counterfeiting
did
no
ways
please
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
who
made
nothing
of
discerning
Roberval's
Spirit
,
under
Monsieur
Carcavi's
hand
,
therefore
instead
of
wri●ing
back
to
the
latter
,
he
addrest
himself
to
Monsieur
Clerselier
,
being
still
in
Swedland
,
and
●ntreated
him
to
signifie
to
Monsieur
Carcavi
,
●hat
he
was
his
humble
Servant
,
and
that
he
should
not
fail
to
Shape
him
an
Answer
,
whensoever
he
should
Write
him
his
own
proper
Thoughts
.
XVIII
.
Des
Cartes
waited
for
the
return
of
Monsieur
Chanut
,
the
French
Ambassadour
●t
the
Court
of
Sweden
,
to
make
his
Voyage
●n
his
Company
.
But
understanding
on
one
●and
that
he
could
not
depart
from
Paris
before
November
,
and
then
again
,
that
the
Queen
of
Sweden
daily
expected
him
,
he
intended
to
prevent
the
first
rigours
of
the
Winter
:
only
he
long'd
to
understand
beforehand
,
whether
the
envious
persons
,
that
his
Philosophy
had
procured
him
,
had
not
been
too
quick
for
him
at
the
Court
of
Sweden
,
to
endeavour
,
to
render
him
some
ill
office
or
other
,
in
prepossessing
the
Queen's
mind
.
He
was
not
ignorant
of
the
aversion
the
Swedish
Nobility
,
and
the
best
part
of
the
Officers
of
that
Court
,
testified
for
all
sort
of
Science
.
He
knew
likewise
that
the
Queens
passion
for
Learned
Men
,
began
to
become
the
object
of
scorn
,
railery
and
obloquy
of
Strangers
;
it
was
in
every
bodies
mouth
that
she
assembled
all
the
Pedants
of
Europe
to
Stockholm
,
and
that
it
would
not
be
long
ere
the
government
of
the
Realm
would
be
managed
by
Grammarians
.
He
was
afraid
to
see
himself
counted
as
ones
hail
fellow
well
met
with
this
sort
of
Cattel
,
where
the
Natives
of
the
Country
,
do
not
care
to
distinguish
Strangers
.
And
then
the
business
of
the
Catholick
Religion
,
helpt
to
increase
his
Scruples
.
Now
it
was
Freinsheinius
his
business
,
to
whom
he
communicated
secretly
his
Thoughts
,
to
dissipate
them
,
and
once
more
to
be
very
earnest
with
him
in
behalf
of
the
Queen
.
Altho'
he
began
to
appoint
his
return
precisely
in
the
Spring
of
the
next
year
,
yet
he
was
seized
with
,
I
do
not
know
what
,
apprehension
,
and
foresight
of
his
destiny
,
that
sway'd
with
him
,
to
set
all
matters
to
rights
,
as
tho'
he
had
been
about
to
take
a
journey
into
the
other
World
.
He
for●ook
his
beloved
solitude
on
the
first
day
of
September
.
And
leaving
his
little
treatise
of
Passions
in
Elzivers
hands
,
to
be
Printed
in
Autumn
,
he
embarqued
at
Amsterdam
,
having
no
more
Domesticks
,
besides
Scheuter
a
German
,
a
faithful
affectionate
Servant
that
Abbot
Picot
had
lent
him
for
this
Voyage
.
He
happily
arrived
at
Stockholm
at
the
beginning
of
October
,
and
went
a
shoar
to
Madam
Chanut's
,
Sister
to
his
Friend
Monsieur
Clerselier
,
where
he
presented
to
her
some
Letters
from
the
Ambassador
her
Husband
who
expected
him
,
and
had
provided
him
an
apartment
ready
furnisht
:
Which
he
must
accept
.
The
next
day
he
went
to
kiss
the
Queens
hand
,
Afterward
she
contrived
with
him
some
means
whereby
to
learn
his
Philosophy
by
word
of
Mouth
:
and
judging
aright
that
she
should
have
occasion
for
all
her
Wits
about
her
,
and
all
her
application
to
accomplish
her
design
succesfully
,
she
pitcht
upon
the
first
hour
after
her
levé
for
this
Study
,
as
being
the
most
quiet
and
leisure
time
of
all
the
day
,
when
she
perceived
her
Mind
more
sedate
,
and
her
head
more
disengaged
from
the
incumbrance
of
affairs
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
received
with
abundance
of
profound
respect
the
Commission
she
granted
him
,
to
meet
in
the
Closet
of
her
Library
every
morning
by
five
of
the
Clock
,
without
ever
alledging
the
irregularity
she
must
needs
cause
in
his
manner
of
living
,
nor
the
danger
to
which
she
should
probably
expose
his
health
,
in
this
new
change
of
abode
,
yea
and
in
a
season
too
,
that
was
much
more
severe
in
Sweden
,
than
in
any
other
place
,
he
had
ever
lived
in
before
.
The
Queen
in
recompence
,
granted
him
the
favour
that
he
desired
Freinsheinius
to
beg
of
her
,
which
consisted
,
in
dispensing
with
him
as
to
the
nice
Ceremonies
of
the
Court
,
and
to
free
him
from
all
confinement
,
or
to
speak
in
the
Language
of
Philosophers
,
from
all
the
miseries
of
Courtiers
.
Yet
,
before
they
begun
their
Morning
Exercises
,
it
was
her
will
and
pleasure
that
he
should
allow
himself
a
month
or
six
weeks
to
compose
himself
,
to
familiarize
himself
with
the
genius
of
the
Country
,
to
make
his
new
acquaintance
take
deeper
root
,
by
which
she
was
in
hopes
to
make
him
delight
in
his
new
abode
,
and
retain
him
by
her
the
remainder
of
his
Life
.
But
having
fathomed
the
capacity
of
his
Spirit
,
that
extended
it self
to
other
things
besides
Philosophy
,
she
did
not
demur
long
,
before
she
appointed
him
to
be
one
of
her
Privy
Counsel
:
and
the
confidence
she
reposed
in
him
,
prevail'd
on
her
to
regulate
her
own
particular
conduct
and
behaviour
,
and
even
divers
points
concerning
the
government
of
her
State
,
according
to
his
advices
.
He
made
good
use
of
this
new
favour
,
not
only
to
be
serviceable
to
Count
Bregy
,
and
other
worthy
persons
near
her
,
but
above
all
,
to
obliterate
out
of
her
mind
,
the
reasons
of
strangeness
,
aversion
,
and
coldness
she
seemed
to
entertain
,
for
the
family
of
the
P.
Palatine
and
also
the
reasons
of
the
secret
jealousie
she
had
already
conceived
of
the
parts
,
learning
and
merit
of
the
Princess
Elizabeth
in
particular
.
XIX
.
Humane
Learning
,
that
they
laid
to
his
charge
;
at
last
dispairing
of
blasting
his
Reputation
with
the
Queen
,
considering
the
great
passion
she
declared
for
the
knowledge
of
those
Sciences
,
they
thought
they
could
be
no
better
revenged
of
him
,
than
to
make
him
pass
for
one
,
no
better
than
themselves
amongst
the
Lords
of
the
Court
,
but
especially
amongst
publick
Ministers
.
They
laboured
to
perswade
them
,
what
a
strange
thing
it
was
that
this
new
come
upstart
,
should
have
all
the
honour
of
the
Queens
confidence
,
and
how
dangerous
it
might
prove
to
let
him
intermeddle
with
any
affairs
,
but
such
as
related
to
Philosophy
and
Sciences
,
but
they
were
not
long
at
Court
,
before
they
made
a
difference
between
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
and
those
that
vainly
profest
to
be
knowing
,
who
brought
an
Odium
upon
Sciences
,
to
all
the
Nobility
of
the
place
.
However
he
had
news
from
Elziver
,
The
sight
of
this
Piece
,
made
the
Queen
suppose
there
might
be
amongst
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Papers
,
many
more
Treatises
that
had
not
yet
come
to
light
.
And
having
a
strong
desire
to
make
him
compile
a
compleat
body
of
all
his
Philosophy
,
which
she
liked
more
and
more
,
she
was
pleas'd
to
engage
him
to
reduce
the
rest
of
his
works
,
that
he
had
not
yet
published
,
into
a
method
,
in
order
to
prevail
with
him
at
length
to
compleat
them
.
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
in
obedience
to
the
Queens
command
,
That
De
Homine
,
which
Monsieur
Clerselier
had
caused
to
be
Printed
since
,
wherein
the
Author
hath
lay'd
open
all
the
functions
that
belong
to
the
body
alone
,
without
medling
with
those
that
belong
to
the
Soul
.
That
De
Formatione
Faetus
:
whose
Title
doth
sufficiently
declare
the
subject
matter
,
which
hath
been
published
in
the
same
volume
with
that
De
Homine
,
by
the
same
Author
,
assisted
by
Monsieur
de
la
Forge
,
a
Physician
of
Saumur
,
and
Gerard
Gutichowen
,
Professor
of
Mathematicks
at
Louvain
.
That
De
la
lumier
,
or
du
monde
,
of
light
,
or
of
the
world
,
which
is
nothing
else
but
a
little
extract
,
or
parcel
of
his
famous
Treatise
of
the
World
,
which
he
supprest
upon
the
news
of
the
disgrace
of
Gallilaeus
;
Monsieur
Clerselier
put
it
out
pretty
well
corrected
.
That
De
l'Explication
de
Engins
,
which
was
missing
,
went
astray
after
his
death
,
and
which
indeed
,
is
nothing
else
in
a
manner
,
but
his
Treatise
of
Mechanicks
.
But
the
most
considerable
of
all
his
Posthumous
Works
,
is
his
inestimable
Treasure
of
Letters
,
that
were
found
in
his
Trunk
,
of
which
Monsieur
Clerselier
hath
publisht
a
collection
in
three
volumes
.
XX.
Parnassus
,
Olympica
,
Democritica
,
Thacomantis
Regia
,
&c.
His
Treatise
of
Algebra●
,
still
found
in
the
Studies
of
some
Learned
men
.
An
Introduction
,
containing
the
grounds
and
foundations
of
his
Algebra
,
which
we
are
affraid
is
lost
.
Divers
fragments
upon
the
Nature
and
History
of
Metals
,
Plants
,
and
Animals
.
An
Abridgement
of
Pure
Mathematicks
not
finished
.
Divers
bundles
of
free
unbyas●ed
thoughts
upon
the
Soul
,
upon
Nature
,
and
framing
of
the
Universe
.
An
Introduction
to
his
Geometry
,
whereof
we
have
had
occasion
to
speak
,
which
was
not
so
much
his
work
,
as
that
of
one
of
his
friends
.
Amongst
those
which
Monsieur
Chanut's
care
made
to
fall
to
Monsieur
Clerseliers
share
,
there
is
none
of
them
more
considerable
,
nor
perhaps
more
compleat
,
than
the
Latin
Treatise
,
that
contains
Rules
for
guiding
our
mind
●in
the
inquiry
after
Truth
.
At
least
we
can
assure
you
,
that
there
is
not
one
of
them
more
beneficial
to
the
publick
.
Of
three
parts
,
whereof
it
should
have
consisted
,
we
have
nothing
but
the
first
,
and
half
of
the
second
intire
.
Another
Latin
piece
which
he
had
carried
on
a
good
way
,
of
which
there
remains
a
pretty
large
fragment
,
is
that
,
of
the
study
of
good
sense
,
or
the
art
of
apprehending
,
which
●he
stiled
studium
bonae
mentis
.
Which
he
directed
to
one
of
his
Friends
,
concealed
under
the
name
of
Masaeus
.
There
was
found
likewise
the
beginning
of
another
piece
amongst
his
Papers
in
the
Trunk
in
Sweden
,
it
was
writ
in
French
Dialogue-wise
,
under
the
Title
of
recherche
de
la
verite
.
The
research
of
Truth
by
innate
light
,
which
in
it self
,
without
borrowing
any
helps
from
Religion
,
or
Philosophy
,
determines
the
opinions
,
that
an
honest
man
should
have
of
all
things
that
imploys
his
thoughts
.
This
work
was
divided
into
two
Books
,
the
first
of
which
related
to
the
things
of
the
World
,
considered
in
themselves
,
the
second
,
the
same
things
in
relation
to
us
,
considered
as
Good
or
Evil
,
True
or
False
.
There
goes
also
up
and
down
the
World
,
divers
of
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
little
Manuscripts
that
were
not
found
amongst
his
Papers
,
when
he
lookt
them
over
;
as
,
his
little
Treatise
of
the
Art
of
Fencing
:
That
of
Socrates
his
Genius
,
&c.
for
I
do
not
mention
the
French
Comedy
,
which
he
had
but
just
made
in
Sweden
,
which
M.
Chanut
saved
from
perishing
,
contrary
to
his
intent
and
purpose
.
Nevertheless
,
Des
Cartes
within
her
Dominion
:
and
obliged
him
to
labour
with
her
to
obtain
his
Consent
.
Of
all
his
Pretences
,
she
would
hearken
to
none
,
but
that
of
the
coldness
of
the
Climat
;
because
she
believed
that
in
effect
his
Temperament
must
needs
suffer
much
in
such
a
cold
Country
.
The
Expedient
she
proposed
to
the
Ambassador
was
,
to
chuse
him
a
noble
and
considerable
Charge
in
the
most
Southern
Parts
of
the
Crown
of
Sweden
,
acquired
by
the
Peace
of
Munster
,
either
in
the
Archbishoprick
of
Bremen
,
or
in
Pomerania
,
to
appoint
him
a
Revenue
of
a
matter
of
3000
Crowns
per
annum
,
and
bestow
on
him
a
Lordship
of
some
Lands
,
that
it
might
pass
by
Succession
to
him
,
his
Heirs
and
Executors
for
ever
.
The
Indisposition
of
the
Ambassador
whom
the
Queen
had
charged
to
put
the
business
in
execution
,
conjoyntly
with
a
Senator
of
the
Kingdom
,
put
a
stop
to
it
;
which
proved
very
hurtful
,
not
to
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
,
for
whom
God
had
designed
something
else
;
but
to
his
Heirs
,
who
failed
of
being
Lords
in
Germany
.
The
Ambassador
fell
Sick
on
the
18th
of
January
,
at
his
return
from
a
walk
with
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
;
and
what
diligence
soever
he
used
to
solicit
his
Friend
,
Night
and
Day
,
yet
for
all
that
,
he
fail'd
not
to
be
at
the
Palace
at
Five
a
Clock
in
the
Morning
to
discourse
with
the
Queen
,
without
complaining
of
the
severity
of
the
Season
,
which
was
more
than
ordinary
that
year
,
and
which
daily
impaired
his
health
.
The
Queen
who
dream't
of
nothing
less
than
to
incommode
him
,
Des
Cartes
his
Modesty
,
who
shut
the
Gate
of
this
Academy
against
himself
▪
whom
she
designed
to
have
appointed
Director
.
XXI
.
Des
Cartes
Sickness
.
This
very
day
coming
from
Court
,
he
perceived
himself
,
The
Symptomes
of
his
Malady
,
were
the
very
same
that
preceded
the
Ambassador's
,
and
were
followed
by
a
continued
Feaver
,
accompanied
with
an
Inflammation
of
his
Lungs
,
just
as
the
Ambassador
was
taken
.
The
disorder
of
this
regular
was
of
living
,
added
to
the
dividing
of
his
Care
between
the
Queen
and
the
Sick
Ambassador
,
in
a
Season
that
was
an
Enemy
to
his
Constitution
,
and
more
rigid
than
it
had
been
for
Threescore
Years
,
by
the
report
of
ancient
People
,
caused
his
Feaver
to
be
more
Malignant
than
the
Ambassador's
was
.
It
was
within
him
the
first
days
,
it
possess'd
his
Brain
so
far
,
as
to
make
him
Rave
;
took
away
the
liberty
of
knowing
what
Condition
he
was
in
▪
or
hear
the
advice
of
his
Friends
;
and
deprived
him
of
all
strength
but
only
to
resist
every
bodies
will
.
The
Queens
Chief
Physician
Monsieur
du
Ryer
,
by
Nation
a
Frenchman
,
and
a
particular
Friend
of
his
was
unfortunately
absent
at
that
time
:
and
that
Princess
order'd
the
next
in
course
to
take
care
of
him
;
he
was
an
Hollander
,
called
Weulles
,
one
of
M.
Des
Cartes
sworn
Enemies
,
ever
since
the
Ministers
and
Divines
of
Leiden
and
Vtrecht
bid
him
defyance
.
The
sick
Person
upon
sight
of
this
Doctor
,
and
others
that
the
Queen
sent
with
him
,
was
so
obstinate
as
to
do
nothing
that
he
order'd
him
,
but
especially
he
would
not
hear
of
being
let
Blood
,
all
the
while
the
transport
of
his
Brain
lasted
;
which
occasioned
terrible
●llarms
to
the
Queen
and
Ambassador
,
who
took
great
care
to
send
a
Gentleman
twice
a
day
to
see
how
he
did
.
His
Brain
began
to
be
discharged
at
the
end
of
the
7th
day
,
which
made
him
a
little
more
the
Master
of
his
Head
,
and
faculties
of
his
Reason
;
that
was
the
first
time
he
was
sensible
of
his
Feaver
:
He
took
notice
of
the
Error
he
had
hitherto
laboured
under
,
and
now
thought
of
nothing
but
to
dye
like
a
Christian
Philosopher
.
He
got
himself
let
Blood
twice
together
,
and
in
a
great
quantity
,
but
to
no
purpose
,
it
was
then
too
late
.
He
pray'd
them
to
send
for
Father
Viogué
his
Confessor
,
who
was
about
the
exercise
of
his
Mission
some
Leagues
distant
from
Stockholm
:
and
desired
those
who
were
about
him
,
not
to
discourse
with
him
any
longer
,
but
about
the
Mercy
of
God
,
and
of
the
Courage
wherewith
he
was
to
suffer
the
Separation
of
his
Soul
.
He
remain'd
quiet
and
still
the
two
last
days
;
and
Departed
peaceably
in
the
Arms
of
the
Ambassador
and
Father
Viogué
,
the
11th
of
February
,
at
Four
a
Clock
in
the
Morning
,
Aged
53
Years
,
10
Months
,
and
11
Days
.
XXII
.
Illustrious
Master
;
this
was
the
Title
she
was
always
pleased
to
honour
him
with
,
and
distinguish
him
from
other
Learned
Men
about
her
.
She
immediately
dispatcht
a
Gentleman
of
her
Bed-Chamber
to
the
Ambassador
to
assure
him
of
her
Grief
and
Sorrow
;
and
to
declare
to
him
,
that
she
was
willing
to
leave
to
Posterity
a
Monument
of
the
respect
she
bore
to
the
Merit
of
the
Deceased
;
and
that
she
design'd
him
his
Sepulchre
in
the
most
honorable
Place
in
the
Kingdom
,
at
the
feet
of
the
Kings
her
Predecessors
with
Magnificence
answerable
,
besides
a
rich
Mausolaean
of
Marble
that
she
resolved
to
have
erected
for
him
.
The
Ambassador
that
had
not
yet
been
able
to
stir
out
of
Doors
since
he
fell
Sick
,
went
in
the
Afternoon
to
pay
a
Visit
to
the
Queen
:
and
obtained
of
her
,
(
for
good
Reasons
that
he
produced
to
her
)
that
the
Sepulchre
should
be
after
a
very
plain
manner
at
the
deceased
his
own
proper
Cost
and
Charges
,
in
a
place
of
the
Foreigners
Burial-place
,
where
they
laid
Catholicks
and
Children
that
died
before
they
came
to
the
use
of
their
Reason
.
The
next
day
the
Corps
was
brought
out
to
the
place
of
Interrment
without
any
great
doings
;
yet
all
according
to
the
Ceremonial
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
by
the
special
Permission
of
the
Queen
,
and
the
Governor
of
Stockholm
,
the
Body
was
carried
by
the
Ambassador's
eldest
Son
,
Monsieur
de
Saint
Sandoux
,
since
Governor
of
Tournay
;
M.
Picques
Secretary
to
the
Ambassy
,
at
present
Counsellor
in
the
Court
of
Aydes
;
and
by
M.
Belen
Secretary
to
the
Ambassador
,
who
is
now
Treasurer
of
France
.
The
day
following
,
the
Ambassador
accompanied
with
the
first
Gentleman
of
the
Queens
Bed-Chamber
Erric
Spatacre
,
Baron
of
Croneberg
,
took
an
Inventory
of
what
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
brought
with
him
into
Sweden
,
and
on
March
the
Fourth
following
,
M.
de
Hoogheland
took
one
of
the
things
he
had
left
in
Holland
,
in
the
presence
of
Monsieur
Van
Sureck
,
Seigneur
de
Berg
,
Creditor
to
the
deceased
.
The
Ambassador
,
whom
the
Queen
had
given
to
understand
that
she
persisted
in
her
resolution
to
rear
him
a
Marble
Monument
,
judged
that
before-hand
,
it
would
be
much
better
to
erect
a
plain
Tomb
over
the
Grave
of
the
deceased
.
He
caused
it
to
be
made
an
Oblong
Square
of
Free-stone
cemented
,
the
four
Sides
were
wainscotted
outward
with
planed
Boards
;
These
four
Sides
were
covered
with
a
course
white
Linnen
waxed
,
painted
:
and
they
caused
to
be
writ
upon
it
by
the
Painter
,
the
Curious
Latine
Inscriptions
that
the
Ambassador
composed
in
Honour
of
his
Friend
.
Not
many
Months
after
,
they
caused
a
Medal
to
be
Coined
in
Holland
to
the
memory
of
our
great
Philosopher
,
the
reverse
contains
Magnificent
Elogiums
.
XXIII
.
Des
Cartes
and
Monsieur
Chanut
,
which
was
manifest
some
years
after
,
by
her
renouncing
Lutheranism
,
there
remains
no
more
for
us
to
observe
concerning
that
Philosopher
,
saving
only
the
translating
of
his
Ashes
and
Bones
from
Sweden
into
France
,
Seventeen
years
after
his
Death
.
It
was
M.
d'Alibert
,
Treasurer
General
of
France
,
who
was
the
Chief
Man
in
this
Enterprize
,
and
who
was
at
the
sole
Charge
and
Expence
.
He
employ'd
to
this
purpose
M.
le
Chevalier
de
Terlon
,
French
Ambassador
in
Sweden
,
who
was
shortly
to
depart
from
thence
for
Denmark
in
the
same
Quality
.
The
Ambassador
caused
the
Body
to
be
taken
up
in
presence
of
M.
Pompone
,
who
was
come
to
Stockholm
to
succeed
him
,
at
present
a
Minister
of
State
.
He
caused
it
first
of
all
to
be
carried
to
Copenhaguen
,
from
whence
he
sent
it
into
France
,
in
Custody
of
true
and
faithful
persons
,
the
Second
day
of
October
1666.
arriving
at
Paris
in
January
the
year
after
;
it
was
carried
to
Monsieur
d'
Alibert●●
House
in
the
Rue
de
Beautreillis
:
and
some
days
after
,
it
was
deposited
without
Ceremony
in
a
Chappel
in
St.
Paul's
Church
.
From
thence
it
was
transported
in
a
pompous
manner
,
the
24th
of
June
,
upon
Midsummer
,
or
St.
John's
Day
,
at
Eight
a
Clock
at
Night
into
the
Church
of
St.
Genevieve
du
mont
;
where
it
was
received
by
the
Abbot
and
Cannons
Regular
,
with
most
splendid
Preparations
.
The
day
following
,
being
Saturday
,
they
perform'd
solemn
Service
;
where
the
Abbot
,
Father
Blanchard
,
General
of
the
Congregation
officiated
in
his
Pontificalibus
.
There
were
a
great
many
Persons
present
qualified
accordingly
;
Father
l'
Allemans
,
Chancellor
of
the
University
▪
had
prepared
a
Funeral
Oration
:
But
there
chanced
to
come
an
Order
from
Court
,
that
it
should
not
be
pronounced
.
They
set
the
Herse
in
a
Vault
between
two
Chappels
on
the
South-side
of
the
Nef
,
or
Body
of
the
Church
;
where
Monsieur
d'
Alibert
hath
caused
to
be
put
up
a
fair
Marble
against
the
Wall
,
representing
the
Philosopher's
Bust
,
with
a
very
pretty
Epitaph
,
composed
of
two
Inscriptions
;
one
whereof
is
French
Verse
,
Composed
by
M.
de
Fiewbet
Counsellor
of
State
,
heretofore
Chancellor
to
the
Queen
:
the
other
which
is
in
Latine
,
comes
from
M.
Clerselier
,
notwithstanding
some
would
still
to
this
day
have
Father
Allemant
to
be
the
Author
of
it
.
After
the
Service
for
Saturday
,
the
25th
of
June
,
was
done
,
they
carried
the
Titles
,
the
Verbal
Process
,
and
Certificates
,
which
were
drawn
up
in
good
Form
,
into
the
Archives
of
the
Abby
of
St.
Genevieue
.
Then
M.
d'
Alibert
Conducted
all
the
Principal
Assistants
to
the
famous
Bocquet's
House
,
where
he
treated
them
with
a
most
sumptuous
and
magnificent
Banquet
.
BOOK
VIII
.
Containing
the
Qualifications
of
his
Body
and
Mind
,
his
Manners
,
His
Life
and
Conversation
towards
God
and
towards
Man
.
I.
MOnsieur
Des
Cartes
his
Body
was
something
under
a
middle
stature
,
His
Hair
and
Eye-brows
pretty
black
,
the
Hair
of
his
Chin
not
quite
so
black
;
and
he
began
to
be
grey
at
the
age
of
43
years
.
Some
few
years
after
he
wore
a
Perriwig
,
but
of
a
fashion
that
resembled
his
own
Hair
;
and
that
too
upon
the
account
of
his
Health
.
He
followed
less
the
Mode
,
then
he
suffer'd
himself
to
be
drawn
into
it
;
he
staid
till
it
became
common
that
he
might
not
affect
Singularity
.
He
was
never
disregarded
,
yet
he
chiefly
avoided
to
appear
in
the
Garb
of
a
Philosopher
.
At
such
time
as
he
sequestered
himself
from
much
Company
in
Holland
,
he
changed
his
Sword
for
a
Cloak
.
His
course
of
Diet
was
always
uniform
.
He
was
neither
nice
nor
difficult
in
the
choice
of
his
Victuals
,
and
he
had
accustomed
his
Palat
to
every
thing
that
was
not
prejudicial
to
the
health
of
the
Body
.
His
Diet
did
not
consist
in
eating
seldom
,
but
to
discern
the
quality
of
the
Victual
.
His
judgment
was
,
that
it
was
good
always
to
keep
the
Stomach
and
other
Viscera
a
doing
,
as
we
do
to
Horses
,
but
that
it
ought
to
be
with
such
things
as
afford
small
nourishment
,
as
Roots
and
Fruits
,
which
he
believed
more
proper
to
prolong
the
Life
of
Man
,
than
the
Flesh
of
Animals
.
He
observed
that
he
eat
more
greedily
and
slept
sounder
when
he
was
sad
and
melancholy
,
or
in
some
eminent
danger
,
than
he
did
at
any
other
time
.
He
slept
much
,
or
at
least
his
awaking
was
never
forced
;
so
soon
as
ever
he
perceived
himself
dis-ingaged
from
sleep
,
he
studied
,
meditating
in
Bed
,
and
rai●ed
but
half
his
Body
now
and
then
,
to
commit
his
thoughts
to
writing
.
This
is
the
reason
why
he
often
continued
ten
Hours
,
nay
,
sometimes
twelve
,
in
his
Bed
.
His
Condescension
to
the
necessities
of
his
Body
,
never
proceeded
to
an
Apathy
,
or
so
far
as
insensibility
of
them
.
He
knew
Nature
must
be
supply'd
.
He
laboured
hard
and
long
.
He
delighted
pretty
much
in
bodily
exercise
,
and
indulged
himself
therein
at
his
time
for
recreation
;
till
at
length
,
his
sedentary
life
broke
him
off
that
Custom
.
He
was
apt
to
believe
that
health
of
Body
,
was
the
greatest
Blessing
in
this
life
next
to
Virtue
.
He
had
no
great
share
of
it
in
his
Infancy
,
and
it
was
but
ill
preserved
whilst
he
was
subject
to
the
government
of
Physicians
;
he
was
troubled
during
his
Childhood
with
a
dry
Cough
,
hereditary
to
him
from
his
Mother
,
and
very
infirm
till
the
Age
of
13.
when
he
was
let
Blood
the
first
;
but
never
after
till
the
Eve
of
his
Death
.
He
reckoned
Phlebobotomy
,
extream
dangerous
to
most
People
.
At
the
age
of
19
or
20
years
,
he
thought
he
was
not
so
much
a
Fool
as
not
to
be
his
own
Physician
.
Therefore
he
thought
he
was
of
age
to
take
upon
him
the
Administration
of
his
health
,
and
dispensed
with
a
Physician
'till
his
mortal
Distemper
.
He
abhorr'd
not
only
Mountebanks
,
but
even
the
Drugs
of
Apothecaries
&
Empericks
;
yea
,
and
he
required
great
Caution
in
the
administring
Chymical
Remedies
.
When
he
was
disengaged
and
free
from
that
heat
of
Liver
,
that
made
him
in
love
with
a
Military
Life
in
his
youthful
days
,
he
took
up
a
course
of
Life
so
even
and
uniform
,
that
he
was
never
Sick
with
any
thing
,
except
by
that
Foreign
Cause
,
that
brought
him
to
his
long
home
.
The
two
grand
Remedies
were
his
spare
regular
Diet
,
and
moderation
in
his
Exercise
:
yet
he
preferr'd
before
them
,
those
of
the
Mind
and
Spirit
,
that
have
a
mighty
influence
upon
the
Body
;
as
plainly
appear'd
by
the
great
change
;
Anger
,
Wrath
,
Fear
,
and
other
Passions
did
excite
in
him
.
The
manner
of
living
he
prescribed
himself
,
was
founded
upon
the
oeconomy
and
well-ordering
his
Family
.
He
entertain'd
a
sufficient
number
of
Domesticks
,
all
pickt
and
cull'd
,
and
very
neat
;
and
he
took
care
to
get
them
all
bandsom
,
both
as
to
Body
and
Mind
:
His
House
was
like
a
School
of
Learning
and
Vertue
to
them
;
and
not
content
to
render
them
knowing
and
honest
,
he
thought
it
likewise
his
Duty
to
meliorate
and
advance
their
Fortunes
:
and
that
was
the
Reason
why
there
was
always
a
great
deal
of
earnest
striving
,
and
suing
who
should
first
get
into
his
Service
:
and
men
always
look'd
upon
a
Place
amongst
his
Servants
as
a
very
advantagious
Post
.
On
his
part
,
he
treated
them
with
that
Indulgence
and
Mildness
,
that
he
won
them
over
,
and
brought
them
to
his
beck
by
meer
love
and
kindness
.
As
for
those
of
an
higher
rank
,
who
nearest
approached
him
in
quality
of
Secretaries
,
or
Valets
de
Chambre
;
he
counted
them
so
little
Inferior
to
him
,
that
one
would
have
taken
them
for
his
Equals
sometimes
.
This
thing
conduced
much
to
mould
and
model
their
Heart
and
Mind
;
nay
,
most
of
them
became
Persons
of
great
Worth
and
Consideration
in
the
World
.
Men
have
observed
it
in
the
Person
of
M.
de
ville
Bressieux
,
a
Physician
at
Grenoble
,
of
M.
Gutschowen
,
Regius-Professor
at
Louvain
,
of
the
Sieur
Gillot
the
Mathematician
,
and
Sieur
Schluter
,
Auditor
,
or
Intendant
of
Justice
in
Sweden
,
and
of
a
great
many
more
Persons
preferr'd
to
great
Places
,
who
are
at
this
day
very
eminent
in
Languedoc
.
II.
The
Expences
of
his
House
was
ever
well
regulated
,
Des
Cartes
did
consider
the
good
things
of
the
World
,
not
as
a
covetous
,
indigent
Gentleman
;
but
as
a
rich
and
contented
Philosopher
.
He
carried
it
always
very
high
to
Fortune
,
and
amongst
the
Croud
of
those
that
adore
this
blind
Goddess
,
his
sport
was
bravely
to
scorn
and
laugh
at
her
,
contenting
himself
to
deplore
the
Condition
of
some
Philosophers
his
Friends
,
who
shewed
so
much
weakness
as
to
complain
of
her
.
So
Fortune
again
had
a
mind
to
be
even
with
him
seeming
to
be
very
sensible
of
his
Disdain
,
she
endeavoured
to
be
revenged
of
him
upon
every
occasion
that
presented
it self
of
being
Rich.
Yet
was
he
not
one
of
those
whimsical
Fops
,
and
churlish
Cynicks
that
seek
all
occasions
to
dare
her
,
or
insult
over
her
;
no
,
he
was
never
guilty
of
the
Vanity
to
triumph
over
her
with
ostentation
.
And
indeed
,
one
of
the
Principal
Maxims
he
prescribed
himself
for
the
guidance
of
his
Life
and
Conversation
,
was
to
endeavour
rather
to
conquer
himself
,
than
Fortune
;
to
change
his
desires
rather
than
the
order
of
the
World
.
He
was
endowed
with
no
less
generosity
,
than
unconcernedness
▪
his
heart
would
give
place
to
no
man
alive
but
to
his
King
in
point
of
Liberality
.
He
was
never
the
man
that
would
accept
from
any
private
person
whatsoever
the
relief
that
was
offer'd
him
,
to
supply
the
expences
that
his
Experiments
required
.
He
civilly
refused
a
pretty
considerable
Sum
of
Money
which
the
Count
d'Avaux
sent
him
into
Holland
.
He
excused
himself
in
like
manner
to
Monsieur
de
Montmor
,
who
with
many
instant
entreaties
,
offered
him
to
make
his
best
of
one
of
his
Country
Houses
and
Farm
of
4000
Livres
per
annum
.
Other
Persons
of
eminent
Quality
,
laid
open
their
Treasures
to
him
,
but
all
to
no
purpose
.
He
counted
it
a
dishonest
and
uncivil
part
in
him
to
borrow
ought
of
any
person
,
that
he
was
not
able
to
restore
with
interest
:
and
he
pretended
it
would
have
been
burthensome
to
him
to
perceive
himself
indebted
to
the
Publick
.
But
altho'
he
declared
the
unconcernedness
of
Philosophers
for
Riches
,
yet
was
he
not
pufft
up
with
their
Pride
.
He
did
not
only
look
upon
those
that
make
good
use
of
Riches
with
a
favourable
Eye
,
but
he
thought
it
his
Duty
not
to
neglect
and
slight
that
Estate
his
Father
had
the
kindness
to
reserve
for
him
.
He
accounted
a
lawful
Patrimony
as
a
Present
of
Nature
,
and
not
of
Fortune
:
and
of
all
the
Goods
that
one
is
capable
of
acquiring
in
this
World
,
there
is
none
more
innocent
,
or
more
according
to
that
order
God
hath
appointed
.
This
made
him
one
day
tell
his
elder
Brother
in
his
Letter
,
That
he
more
valued
1000
Livres
by
Inheritance
than
10000
Livres
that
came
to
him
otherwise
.
III.
How
you
must
not
ascribe
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
his
being
rich
and
contented
,
Benè
qui
latuit
,
benè
vixit
.
The
remembrance
of
which
made
him
oftentime
quite
off
the
design
of
publishing
his
Works
.
The
other
is
taken
out
of
Seneca's
Tragedies
,
Illi
mors
gravis
incubat
Qui
unus
nimis
omnibus
Ignotus
moritur
sibi
.
Which
is
a
smart
Condemning
of
such
Persons
who
love
to
be
known
by
others
,
without
knowing
themselves
.
After
he
had
reduc't
himself
to
a
private
condition
,
The
trade
of
a
solitary
life
,
He
had
not
doubtless
,
so
much
listlessness
and
aversion
for
reading
,
as
he
shewed
for
writing
.
We
must
nevertheless
grant
you
,
that
he
did
not
read
much
,
and
that
he
had
a
small
parcel
of
Books
.
Discouraged
at
the
unprofitableness
and
errours
he
observed
in
Bookes
,
he
solemnly
forsook
reading
of
them
:
but
that
I
may
not
tell
an
untruth
,
he
did
not
quite
and
clean
forsake
them
,
nay
,
he
makes
his
forsaking
even
suspected
of
dissimulation
.
Some
believe
he
made
more
use
of
Books
than
he
was
willing
every
body
should
know
;
and
they
have
been
apt
to
ground
this
opinion
upon
the
quality
of
the
stile
,
and
the
multiplicity
of
matter
he
treated
of
in
his
Works
,
but
more
particularly
in
his
Letters
.
This
is
a
judgement
,
or
rather
a
conjecture
fetched
from
the
elegance
of
his
stile
;
the
regularity
of
phancy
,
and
quaintness
and
exactness
of
his
expressions
.
IV.
Never
did
man
under
the
cope
of
Heaven
,
manifest
that
which
we
call
,
a
Geometrical
Spirit
;
and
an
exactness
of
Wit
and
Solidity
of
Judgment
in
an
higher
degree
.
He
shewed
it
I
say
,
in
his
not
confounding
the
principles
one
▪
with
another
,
in
penetrating
all
the
consequences
that
may
possibly
be
deduc'd
from
them
,
and
indeed
never
arguing
falsely
upon
known
principles
.
His
Memory
was
neither
treacherous
,
nor
unhappy
;
but
we
don't
see
that
it
was
answerable
to
the
greatness
of
his
parts
.
If
he
was
deficient
in
any
thing
upon
that
score
,
it
was
abundantly
recompenced
by
that
other
portion
of
the
Soul
,
which
we
call
Judgment
,
which
is
the
light
of
the
humane
Soul
.
He
was
solid
and
judicious
in
all
respects
.
He
had
a
shrewd
insight
into
things
,
very
exquisite
,
and
a
most
subtil
discerning
of
that
which
is
in
common
use
,
which
your
greatest
Wits
,
especially
Geometricians
are
wont
to
pass
by
and
overlook
.
Nothing
ever
contributed
more
to
bring
this
excellent
quality
to
perfection
in
him
,
V.
He
shewed
more
docibility
and
aptness
,
if
a
man
may
so
say
,
than
real
Science
:
this
vertue
in
him
was
a
jewel
so
much
the
more
inestimable
,
as
it
is
very
rare
in
the
ring-leaders
of
a
Sect.
The
Passion
he
testified
to
correct
his
faults
,
was
always
attended
with
a
grateful
acknowledgment
to
those
who
let
him
understand
them
.
The
Pride
and
Vanity
his
Adversaries
have
taxed
him
withal
,
This
vertuous
quality
lay
not
dormant
nor
barren
in
him
,
The
love
he
bore
all
his
life
long
for
peace
and
tranquillity
,
caused
him
by
times
to
undervalue
calumny
,
and
forget
injuries
.
He
was
naturally
an
enemy
to
dispute
,
especially
for
that
which
is
mixt
with
wrangling
,
contestations
and
troublesome
heats
;
and
thence
proceeded
his
aversion
to
rip
up
the
faults
of
others
,
or
to
make
them
greater
than
they
were
,
when
he
observed
them
in
reading
,
this
trade
seem'd
unworthy
of
a
man
that
owed
all
his
time
to
the
inquiry
after
truth
:
nay
he
thought
he
went
out
of
his
road
,
when
he
stopt
to
look
upon
other
mens
wanderings
.
VI.
So
many
lovely
qualities
could
not
chuse
but
get
him
the
love
of
every
body
,
He
was
a
man
of
the
most
tender
Conscience
in
the
World
,
even
according
to
the
relation
of
those
who
render'd
themselves
the
most
unworthy
of
his
friendship
.
He
shewed
a
mighty
kindness
and
faithfulness
for
his
friends
,
which
was
proof
against
the
inconstancy
and
vicissitude
of
the
things
of
this
World
.
He
was
neither
distrustful
nor
suspicious
.
He
easily
gave
credit
to
the
good
,
but
hardly
to
the
ill
that
was
spoken
of
his
Friends
.
His
Maxim
was
to
suspend
his
consent
always
to
disadvantagious
reports
,
till
such
time
as
his
own
experience
or
infallible
demonstrations
should
ascertain
him
of
the
matter
they
reported
to
him
.
Another
maxime
of
his
friendship
was
never
to
be
troublesome
to
his
Friends
,
yet
nevertheless
to
render
them
all
services
he
was
capable
of
.
Thinking
that
this
good
disposition
that
reigned
in
him
,
might
be
instead
of
a
rule
whereby
to
judge
that
of
another
man
,
he
raised
the
obligation
of
amity
to
such
an
high
pitch
,
that
he
pretended
those
that
did
good
turns
,
are
also
the
persons
obliged
.
A
person
of
his
character
should
not
have
had
any
enemies
,
But
he
judged
it
not
fit
to
pass
by
the
enemies
of
his
Philosophy
,
some
whereof
became
his
envyers
and
emulators
,
and
others
open
adversaries
;
the
little
vanity
that
might
be
in
him
,
was
without
doubt
well
enough
satisfied
with
the
first
sort
,
and
his
merit
could
not
be
more
inhanced
,
nor
set
off
to
better
advantage
,
than
by
the
envy
of
others
.
As
for
his
Adversaries
,
whose
number
far
surpast
that
of
his
envyers
,
he
never
refused
to
answer
those
,
who
notwithstanding
their
prejudice
and
ignorance
,
discovered
to
him
any
tokens
of
honesty
and
sincerity
.
As
he
had
some
Adversaries
in
his
life
time
,
who
,
for
all
that
,
profest
,
to
be
his
friends
.
So
,
we
cannot
question
but
he
had
some
affections
to
check
and
restrain
them
,
as
Adversaries
and
Enemies
of
his
intent
and
purpose
.
In
respect
of
the
first
he
had
nothing
in
a
manner
besides
his
own
reason
to
follow
,
without
fearing
any
thing
from
his
inclination
.
But
as
for
the
others
,
where
,
it
seems
,
his
reason
could
not
come
in
play
,
it
was
his
best
way
to
retain
his
inclination
.
There
was
rooted
in
him
a
strong
affection
for
pur-blind
people
all
his
Life
time
,
and
was
occa●ioned
from
the
impression
made
upon
his
Infancy
,
at
which
time
he
loved
a
little
pretty
Damsel
that
was
somewhat
pur-blind
.
What
some
of
his
Enemies
have
given
out
concerning
his
pretended
inclination
to
the
〈◊〉
Sex
,
The
adventure
wherewith
some
idle
spirits
have
asperst
him
,
about
a
Lady
of
Touraine
,
named
La
Menaudiere
is
a
mere
fiction
,
forged
upon
a
Picture
of
our
Philosopher
,
that
,
she
had
seen
at
the
house
of
Abbot
de
To●chelaye
.
He
never
laid
his
Eyes
upon
this
Lady
,
and
for
her
part
she
had
never
seen
him
,
but
in
Picture
:
but
now
the
case
was
otherwise
as
to
Madam
du
Rosai
,
whom
he
Courted
just
when
his
Relations
had
thought
of
marrying
him
,
for
whom
he
fought
a
Duel
with
a
Rival
of
his
,
encountring
him
upon
the
Road
between
Paris
and
Orleans
:
yet
this
Lady
was
heard
to
confess
at
last
,
that
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
found
more
charms
in
Philosophy
than
in
her
:
and
that
altho
she
did
not
seem
ugly
to
him
,
yet
he
past
a
course
compliment
upon
her
,
when
he
told
her
,
that
he
found
no
beauty
comparable
to
that
of
Truth
.
The
fault
he
but
once
in
all
his
Life
committed
against
the
honour
of
his
Caelibacy
,
is
not
so
much
a
proof
of
his
inclination
for
the
Sex
,
as
of
his
weakness
;
and
God
having
been
pleased
speedily
to
raise
him
up
again
,
would
have
the
remembrance
of
his
Fall
,
to
be
matter
of
continual
humiliation
to
him
,
and
that
his
repentance
should
be
a
wholesome
remedy
against
being
exalted
above
measure
.
He
recovered
by
this
glorious
reinstatement
,
VII
.
Never
was
a
Philosopher
observed
to
bear
a
more
profound
respect
to
a
Deity
,
than
himself
;
He
was
also
sober
about
matters
of
Religion
,
he
never
mention'd
God
,
but
with
a
great
deal
of
circumspection
,
always
with
abundance
of
Wisdom
,
always
in
a
noble
and
sublime
manner
.
The
fear
or
rather
niceness
he
shew'd
in
this
point
,
made
him
scrupulously
to
decline
entering
upon
questions
of
pure
divinity
.
Believing
that
it
was
to
do
wrong
to
Truths
,
that
depend
on
Faith
,
and
cannot
be
proved
but
by
natural
demonstration
,
to
go
about
to
strengthen
them
by
humane
reasons
,
and
they
only
probable
.
His
blood
rose
against
the
boldness
and
rashness
of
certain
Divines
,
who
run
away
from
their
guides
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
the
holy
Scriptures
and
Fathers
of
the
Primitive
Church
,
that
they
may
be
their
own
guides
,
through
those
ways
that
they
are
not
well
acquainted
with
.
But
above
all
he
blamed
the
boldness
of
Philosophers
and
Mathematicians
,
that
dare
appear
so
positive
and
peremptory
,
in
determining
What
God
can
,
and
what
he
cannot
do
;
he
said
,
it
is
to
speak
of
God
as
of
a
Jupiter
or
a
Saturn
,
to
make
him
subject
to
Styx
,
or
fate
,
to
hold
that
there
are
some
truths
independent
on
him
.
As
concerning
the
existance
of
God
,
he
rested
so
well
satisfied
in
the
evidence
of
that
demonstration
he
thought
he
had
found
in
that
matter
,
that
made
no
difficulty
to
prefer
it
to
all
the
evidences
and
demonstrations
of
Geometrical
Truth
.
It
was
moreover
his
opinion
that
the
Universal
consent
of
all
people
,
is
sufficient
to
maintain
a
Deity
against
all
the
injuries
of
Atheists
,
and
that
no
private
person
should
ever
enter
upon
a
dispute
with
them
,
except
he
were
sure
of
convincing
them
.
It
is
not
much
material
to
call
to
mind
in
this
place
the
calumnies
of
Atheism
and
Scepticism
,
wherewithal
his
Enemies
endeavoured
to
brand
him
,
notwithstanding
all
the
success
he
had
,
in
opposing
Atheists
and
Scepticks
;
one
could
not
possibly
have
opinions
,
that
he
studied
to
resute
.
By
a
childish
impertinence
making
people
believe
that
he
halted
between
holding
,
and
refusing
them
.
VIII
.
The
precaution
he
took
along
with
him
,
never
to
incroach
upon
Divinity
▪
went
not
quite
so
far
as
to
deny
,
that
humane
reason
may
have
any
share
in
Divine
Sciences
,
nay
,
and
even
in
those
that
were
communicated
to
us
only
by
revelation
from
Heaven
.
He
was
not
so
ignorant
of
the
great
benefit
of
reason
,
for
the
establishment
of
Maxims
of
Religion
;
and
he
was
persuaded
that
Philosophy
well
improved
is
one
of
the
main
helps
to
support
and
justifie
faith
in
an
illuminated
mind
.
Not
that
he
pretended
that
a
man
must
needs
be
a
Philosopher
,
to
be
a
good
Christian
:
but
〈◊〉
he
thought
that
albeit
the
reason
of
a
man
submits
to
Faith
,
nevertheless
,
Faith
makes
use
of
humane
reasoning
to
captivate
reason
,
and
bring
it
under
subjection
to
its
authour
.
He
was
persuaded
that
his
opinions
might
prove
very
serviceable
for
the
explaining
of
the
truths
of
Faith
.
He
believed
that
there
could
be
nothing
in
whatsoever
concerns
Divinity
and
Religion
,
with
which
his
Philosophy
would
not
much
better
agree
than
the
vulgar
Philosophy
doth
.
And
as
for
some
controversies
frequently
agitated
in
his
time
in
the
Divinity
Schools
,
by
reason
of
the
false
principles
of
Philosophy
upon
which
they
were
grounded
,
he
hoped
they
would
cease
and
come
to
nothing
of
themselves
.
If
ever
it
should
so
happen
,
that
his
principles
should
be
admitted
to
come
in
vogue
:
That
which
pufft
up
his
mind
the
most
is
,
that
,
describing
the
beginning
and
origen
of
the
World
,
according
to
the
principles
of
natural
Philosophy
,
and
reading
over
the
first
Chapter
of
Genesis
,
he
found
that
it
could
be
all
of
it
expounded
according
to
his
conceptions
,
much
better
than
by
all
the
ways
whereby
your
interpreters
expound
it
.
Nevertheless
from
the
appearances
only
of
his
undertaking
▪
and
from
his
man●er
of
Philosophizing
,
several
have
judged
that
his
Philosophy
was
,
if
not
pernicions
,
at
least
very
dangerous
for
Christian
Religion
,
and
that
it
was
equally
contrary
to
the
Divinity
of
Papists
and
Protestants
.
And
that
is
,
the
reason
why
some
controvertists
of
both
persuasions
,
would
fain
have
●ipt
it
in
the
bud
and
supprest
it
.
Men
are
delivered
from
these
apprehensions
amongst
the
Catholicks
,
except
here
and
there
a
few
Peripaticians
hoodwink'd
by
their
own
Prejudices
.
But
the
Protestants
that
have
not
experienced
it
so
favourable
to
their
Doctrines
have
been
a
long
time
without
pardoning
him
for
broaching
it
;
because
he
hath
not
spoken
as
they
do
,
of
the
Providence
of
God
,
and
of
the
Liberty
of
Man
:
the
worst
that
they
have
been
able
to
disoblige
him
in
,
is
,
making
him
pass
for
a
Pelagian
;
But
their
Accusation
is
vanished
,
they
not
being
able
to
ground
it
upon
any
Passage
of
his
Writings
,
or
upon
his
particular
Behaviour
and
Conduct
,
where
the
Grace
of
Jesus
Christ
or
Supernatural
Glory
is
questioned
.
IX
.
He
hath
very
clearly
explained
the
whole
Mystery
of
the
Eucharist
according
to
his
Principles
without
an
Entity
of
Accidents
.
This
made
several
Protestant
Universities
to
judge
that
this
Doctrine
of
his
was
wonderful
prejudicial
to
Calvinism
:
and
they
have
had
reason
to
respect
Aristotle
,
as
more
proper
than
he
,
for
the
design
of
maintaining
their
Tenets
,
and
to
dispute
against
the
Dogma's
of
the
Church
of
Rome
.
Honesty
obligeth
us
to
acknowledge
moreover
,
that
the
best
part
of
other
Protestants
have
not
been
sway●d
by
these
Considerations
,
when
they
exploded
Aristotle
out
of
their
Schools
,
to
introduce
Des
Cartes
;
who
have
in
that
Point
less
considered
the
interest
of
their
Divinity
,
than
that
of
his
Philosophy
.
But
he
will
be
for
ever
honourable
for
his
manner
of
explaining
Transubstantiation
,
to
understand
that
it
hath
been
so
powerful
as
to
Convert
Huguenots
to
the
Faith
of
the
Church
of
Rome
;
even
as
his
manner
of
speaking
about
Religion
hath
brought
some
Profess'd
Atheists
over
to
the
said
Church
.
Nevertheless
▪
God
hath
suffered
Calumny
to
attack
him
just
in
the
particular
wherein
consisted
his
deserved
Praise
.
Some
Catholicks
there
have
been
,
who
upon
unjust
,
groundless
Suspicions
,
have
not
stuck
to
accuse
him
of
Calvinism
:
and
some
Calvinists
again
,
out
of
a
piece
of
Malice
,
would
fain
have
done
themselves
the
honour
to
count
him
one
of
them
:
But
their
Slanders
have
been
invalidated
by
the
Testimonies
of
a
great
number
of
Persons
of
both
Perswasions
,
by
the
Queen
of
Sweden's
Certificate
,
by
that
of
the
Princess
Elizabeth
,
of
Father
Viogué
his
Confessor
,
of
Monsieur
Ch●nut
,
Clerselier
;
and
,
in
fine
,
by
the
Justice
the
Church
hath
done
his
Memory
by
a
Publick
Burial
,
which
we
take
to
be
th●
Seal
of
the
Communion
of
Saints
.
This
Justice
was
a
Debt
owing
to
such
a
Religious
Observer
of
the
Cannons
of
the
Church
as
our
Philosopher
was
.
The
Caution
whereto
he
had
confin'd
himself
upon
his
first
entrance
into
Countries
professing
a
different
Religion
,
had
made
him
so
discreet
and
reserved
,
that
he
scarce
ever
opened
his
Mouth
without
edifying
,
nor
without
causing
some
impressions
of
respect
and
esteem
for
the
Religion
he
profes●'d
.
His
carriage
and
behaviour
was
no
less
edifying
than
his
discourse
he
did
not
make
,
all
the
Duties
requisite
to
a
true
Christian
to
consist
,
in
an
inward
worship
only
,
as
most
part
of
your
Philosophers
do
;
no
,
he
was
extraordinary
careful
to
accompany
it
with
all
the
exercises
of
a
good
consciencious
Catholick
;
nay
,
and
he
acquitted
himself
of
all
his
Obligations
,
as
exactly
as
one
of
the
humblest
and
plainest
of
Believers
would
have
done
.
He
frequented
more
especially
the
Sacraments
of
Pennance
and
Eucharist
,
with
all
the
dispositions
of
a
contrite
heart
,
and
humbled
spirit
;
as
far
as
is
permitted
to
refer
our selves
to
the
honesty
and
truth
of
Confessors
,
who
had
the
cure
of
his
Soul
in
Holland
and
Sweden
.
His
adhering
so
closely
to
the
whole
Body
of
the
Church
,
His
Submission
to
the
Holy
See
did
extend
even
so
far
as
to
have
some
respect
for
the
Roman
Inquisition
,
although
he
was
no
where
in
a
Praemunire
,
whereby
to
become
liable
to
its
lash
.
He
was
not
ignorant
of
the
difference
one
ought
to
put
between
the
Pope's
Authority
,
and
that
of
the
Congregation
established
at
Rome
for
prohibited
Books
:
yet
did
he
not
fail
to
testifie
respect
for
it
,
and
to
say
,
out
of
Civility
,
that
it's
Authority
had
little
less
power
over
his
Actions
,
than
his
own
Reason
had
over
his
Thoughts
,
and
he
took
all
measures
necessary
,
not
to
write
any
thing
that
might
incurr
its
displeasure
;
it
is
more
than
probable
that
this
Congregation
would
have
spared
him
,
if
it
could
have
got
clear
from
the
Intrigues
of
a
particular
Author
who
had
cunningly
slipt
one
part
of
his
Works
into
the
Index
Expurgatorius
,
amongst
a
Catalogue
of
other
Books
prohibited
by
a
Decree
of
the
20th
of
November
1663.
X.
But
,
since
men
are
engaged
upon
honour
,
not
any
longer
to
confound
Novelty
with
Falshood
,
nor
Antiquity
with
Truth
,
Envy
that
could
not
endure
that
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
should
pass
Scot-free
,
hath
gone
about
to
change
the
Scene
,
and
invert
this
order
to
bring
him
in
guilty
;
his
defenders
that
pleaded
his
Cause
,
that
they
might
retort
the
Objection
of
Novelty
,
did
take
upon
them
to
make
appear
that
his
Opinions
were
not
so
Novel
as
they
would
make
them
,
and
that
,
several
of
them
had
been
defeated
before
him
;
those
that
envied
him
,
who
thought
all
to
be
new
,
till
that
time
,
were
not
wanting
to
make
their
best
advantage
of
this
Overture
,
and
have
been
ready
to
accuse
him
for
having
robb'd
the
Ancients
,
nay
,
and
the
Moderns
too
,
who
went
before
him
;
for
it
is
the
opinion
of
some
,
that
he
stole
his
Method
of
Algebra
from
one
Harriot
,
an
Englishman
.
The
multitude
of
those
who
seem
to
have
had
before
him
sorry
Sentiments
resembling
his
,
Monsieur
Des
Cartes
agreeing
to
what
is
commonly
objected
,
that
what
he
said
might
possibly
have
been
said
by
some
other
before
him
,
judged
that
his
Case
was
the
same
with
a
man
,
whom
they
should
tax
for
having
plunder'd
the
Alphabet
and
Dictionary
,
because
he
might
not
have
made
use
of
any
Letters
that
were
not
in
the
former
,
nor
of
any
words
that
were
not
found
in
the
latter
;
But
he
adds
further
,
That
those
who
should
please
to
own
and
acknowledge
the
neat
Concatenation
of
all
his
Conceptions
that
do
so
necessarily
follow
one
another
,
would
be
induc't
presently
to
confess
,
that
he
might
be
as
innocent
of
the
Felony
laid
to
his
charge
,
as
an
excellent
Oratour
,
that
might
be
condemned
for
a
Plagiary
of
Calepin
,
or
old
Evander
,
for
having
borrowed
Words
from
the
one
,
and
Letters
from
the
other
.
The
main
,
and
only
difficulty
that
remain'd
to
be
removed
out
of
the
way
by
the
Cartesians
,
consisted
,
in
alledging
that
a
man
comes
a
Day
after
the
Fair
in
his
Invention
of
a
thing
,
when
it
hath
been
already
invented
to
his
hand
.
But
,
pray
consider
,
that
Experience
shapes
us
an
Answer
in
behalf
of
them
,
(
viz.
)
That
the
very
same
thing
,
may
be
invented
more
than
once
at
different
times
and
in
divers
places
,
by
Persons
that
might
not
have
learnt
any
thing
from
one
another
,
nor
might
have
had
the
least
Communication
together
.
M.
Des
Cartes
makes
it
evident
,
that
it
is
not
much
material
▪
to
his
purpose
for
being
the
first
,
or
the
last
,
in
writing
the
things
he
writ
,
provided
only
they
might
be
true
.
He
hath
not
the
vanity
to
boast
that
he
was
the
first
Inventer
of
any
thing
he
hath
advanced
.
He
is
content
to
tell
us
,
that
if
he
received
,
and
admitted
of
them
,
it
was
not
because
they
were
produced
,
or
not
produced
by
others
;
but
only
and
principally
because
reason
had
perswaded
him
of
their
being
true
.
In
a
word
,
he
was
not
one
of
those
restless
,
byassed
Spirits
that
are
afraid
lest
some
body
should
rob
them
of
their
Inventions
:
nay
,
his
Judgment
was
,
that
a
noble
generous
Soul
ought
not
to
complain
of
Plagiaries
robbing
of
him
,
provided
they
do
not
wholly
conceal
and
suppress
their
Theft
;
in
case
they
do
not
spoil
him
,
and
that
the
Publick
be
not
frustrated
thereby
.
He
hath
left
to
Posterity
very
fair
Examples
of
that
Generosity
and
Dis-interest
which
he
exacted
from
others
upon
such
Occasions
:
In
respect
of
two
Hollanders
,
who
turn'd
Plagiaries
of
his
Writings
;
and
that
,
before
he
had
Communicated
them
to
the
Publick
,
he
thought
it
sufficient
to
take
all
necessary
Praecautions
against
the
Vain-glory
of
the
one
,
and
Treachery
of
the
other
.
That
done
,
he
committed
the
rest
to
God
Almighty
,
as
the
sole
Author
of
whatsoever
good
there
might
be
found
in
his
Writings
,
without
challenging
any
thing
in
them
,
besides
defects
;
which
Ignorance
and
Humane
Infirmity
might
there
have
produced
.
FINIS
.
Books
Printed
for
,
and
sold
by
R.
Simpson
at
the
Harp
in
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Paul's
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.
THe
Young
Man's
Duty
.
A
Discourse
shewing
the
necessity
of
seeking
the
Lord
betimes
;
as
also
the
Danger
and
Unreasonableness
in
trusting
to
a
Late
,
or
Death-bed
Repentance
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Designed
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before
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The
6th
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D.
and
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Time
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in
two
Discourses
:
The
first
about
Redemption
of
Time
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The
second
about
Consideration
of
our
latter
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.
By
John
Fox
.
Miscellan●●
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The
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Part
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In
Four
Essays
.
1.
Upon
Ancient
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Modern
Learning
.
2.
Upon
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Gardens
of
Epic●●us
.
3.
Upon
Heroick
Vertue
.
4.
Upon
Poetry
.
By
Sir
William
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Baronet
.
The
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Corrected
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Augmented
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Author
.
The
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Calling
:
Shewing
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Temptations
,
Graces
,
Duties
,
&c.
of
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Christian
Husbandman
.
Being
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Substance
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Twelve
Sermons
preached
to
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Congregation
,
By
Richard
Steele
,
M.
A.
and
Minister
of
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Gospel
.
The
Third
Edition
corrected
and
amended
.
Christ's
certain
and
sudden
Appearance
to
Judgment
.
The
7th
Edition
.
By
Thomas
Vincent
,
sometime
Minister
of
Ma●dli●s
Milk-street
,
London
.
A
Treatise
concerning
the
Lord's
Supper
:
with
Three
Dialogues
,
for
the
more
full
Information
of
the
Weak
,
in
the
Nature
and
Use
of
this
Sacrament
.
By
Tho.
Do●litt●l
.
The
Seventeenth
Edition
.
A
Communicant
Instructed
:
Or
,
Practical
Directions
for
worthy
receiving
of
the
Lord's-Supper
.
By
Francis
Roberts
,
D.
D.
Rector
of
the
Church
of
Christ
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Wrington
in
the
County
of
Somerset
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The
Fifth
Edition
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diligently
Revised
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Corrected
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Author
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An
Explicatory
Catechism
:
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,
An
Explanation
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Assemblies
shorter
Catechism
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Wherein
all
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Answers
in
the
Assemblies
Catechism
are
taken
abroad
in
under
Questions
and
Answers
,
the
Truths
explained
,
and
proved
by
Reason
and
Scripture
;
several
Cases
of
Conscience
resolved
;
some
chief
Controversies
in
Religion
stated
,
with
Arguments
against
divers
Errors
:
Useful
to
be
read
in
private
Families
,
after
Examination
in
the
Catechism
it self
;
for
the
more
clear
and
through
understanding
of
what
is
therein
Learned
.
By
Thomas
Vincent
,
sometime
Minister
of
Ma●d●●●
Milk-street
in
London
.
A
particular
Account
of
the
present
Persecutions
and
Inhumane
Oppressions
of
the
Protestants
in
France
.
A
True
Account
of
the
Siege
of
London-Derry
,
by
the
Reverend
Mr.
George
Walker
,
Rector
of
Donogh-More
in
the
County
of
Tyrone
,
and
late
〈…〉
of
Derry
in
Ireland
.
The
Cou●●ess
of
Pembroke's
Arcadia
,
written
by
Sir
Philip
Sidney
●night
,
with
his
Life
and
Death
,
a
brief
Table
of
〈◊〉
principal
Heads
,
and
some
other
New
Additions
.
The
whole
Body
of
Cookery
Diflected
,
Taught
and
fully
Manifested
,
Methodically
,
Artificially
and
according
to
the
best
Tradition
of
the
English
,
French
,
Italian
,
Dutch
,
&c.
or
a
Sympathy
of
all
Varieties
in
Natural
Compounds
in
that
Mystery
;
wherein
is
contained
certain
Bills
of
Fare
for
the
Seasons
of
the
Year
for
Feasts
and
Common
Diers
.
Whereunto
is
annexed
a
Second
Part
of
rare
Receipts
in
Cookery
,
with
certain
Useful
Traditions
.
With
a
Book
of
Preserving
,
Conserving
and
C●ndying
after
the
most
Exquisite
and
Newest
manner
,
Delectable
for
Ladies
and
Gentle-women
.
Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
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