Concretion of Bodies commonly solv'd by its contrary , thus Ice which was congealed by cold , is dissolv'd by heat , these operations rather being the returns towards their former nature , than alterations .

Coagulation made from the reduction of thin and fluid Bodies to a solid substance , and this may be made good either by separation , segregation , or comprehension , as when the whole is run into an uniform substanc , by Cold or Viscidity , arising from a saline principle , Coction or Elixation .

Condensation made good in the Jejuness of the Spirits and their impurity with the Tangible parts : These , or most , if not all of them being nearly concern'd in us , I have presumed to give a light touch upon them by way of Introduction .

In the next Office we find Natures varieties of Fermentative Menstruums , Salts , and separating Juices , daily used in our Bodies , and these do bear the names of Acids , Subacids , Salines , Acreds , Austeers , Viscids , Bitters , Acerbs or Sowers , Oleaginous or oily Juices , Dulcorate , Insipids , and those other Juices of the Glandules , &c.

We begin with Acids , where we find that every Acidity is a very great Ingredient in Fermentation , all Acids being appointed for promoting and setting forward its journey and progress ; Thus an Acid humour prepar'd in the Stomach out of the Nutriment and therein for some season reserv'd , does both promote Digestion , and the subaction of the same , for all Acids which are reduced to a fluidness having their Salts advanc'd , do both promote and assist Fermentations and dissolutions of the same in our bodies , in which action both the Salt and the Sulphure with which our Nutriments were replenisht , are hereby confringed in the Ventricle and reduced into minute Particles ; and hence is it that Chyle it self thus being fermented , does get a Creamy colour by its sulphureous Particles being dissolv'd with the Salts , and mixt with an acid Ferment : But then how these Acidities do get into our Bodies , we no ways making use of acid things , may thus be made good . We cannot live without Acidity in Turgent occasions , for there is an acidity in the Air , in which we breath , made good by a Caput Mortuum , or Vitriol , being thereto exposed , which is seen to fetch out hence an Acidity .

Gassandus and others do declare , That the Air is fill'd with Nitrous Particles , and Niter every one knows does maintain an acidity in it ; in Meats and Drinks are acidities made good , and hence we need not run far to shew how Acidity happens in Man , we apparently seeing that by continual Fermentations in our Bodies , many things which were formerly sweet and pleasant , or at least temperate , have afterwards turn'd most acid , the which may either happen by dissipation of the Animal Spirits , or some other internal cause ; and this amongst Animals is not easily found out , unless it be by a melancholy Juice , ferments of the Stomach , or Spleen , or Pancreatick Juice , or Morning Saliva , or Spatttle ; and as all Animals have their consistence from Fermentative principles , so the whole World is fill'd with Fermentative Particles ; and it 's the general opinion of Physicians , that whoever wants an acid Juice , can never be allowed to digest well : We shall much enlarge upon these acid Juices , when we shall treat of the Blood and Lympha .

Subacids take their names from their lesser quantity of Acidity , and thus the Pancreatick Juice is call'd Subacid , made by the Blood and Spirits like it , passing out of the smaller into the larger Ductus ; and as a general remarque hereof , as too much Acidity is seen a great procurer of Intermitting Fevers , so Subacids do make a ready way for the discharge of the same , for so long as Choler is predominant in our Bodies , Flegm is less viscous , and the Pancreatick Juice being lessened in its acredness , this makes the more ready way for the dispatch of Diseases .

Salines , experience teacheth us , do congregate into diverse Figures and Angles , and all Bodies being naturally Saline , scarce perceivable in the family of Vegetables ; for Herbs have their fixt Salts from their Incinerations , and Volatil Salts are seen extracted from the Blood of Animals by Sublimations ; and Lixivial Salts being either fixt or volatile , do infring Acidity , attenuate Flegm , correct acid and austeer Effects , hinder concretion of Bile , correct ill Humours , and cleanse the Blood ; and Volatile Salts do concenter and enervate the Subacid Liquors of the Glandules ; and although an acid Spirit is not easily secern'd from a Lixivial fixt Salt , yet it is easily made good from a volatile Salt ; which volatile Salt may be contained in a legitimate Serum of the Blood made out of laudable Bile , in which Serum whereof I suppose may be made an acid Spirit apt enough for framing a Matter for the Lympha ; as therefore there is in the body of the Blood a laudable Serum , which may well enough be variously changed either by outward causes , as Air , or Nutriments , or inward , by the motion of the Mind , or Body , or the like , so may these beget and imprint a strange quality in the Lympha , by making it either more acid , more subsaline , more diluted or aqueous , or more thick and viscid . But we shall have more occasion hereof in the Blood ; all Natural Salts therefore , if they be urged by repeated Distillations , do pass into lucid Liquors ; Volatile Salts are always seen white , and if they be exposed to humid air , they speedily run into a reddish Liquor , not very salt , the volatile saline parts herein vanishing , and the sulphureous parts only remaining which gives the colour ; the saline parts of the Blood therefore lodge between Fixation and Volatization , then properly call'd Fixt , when it adhears to the Sulphure and terene parts , and then Volatiliz'd , leaving them both and sticking to the spirituous Particles thereof and marching therewith , as is made good in distill'd Spirit of Urine after a long digestion : Thus in some measure the saline parts in our Bodies are seen to mix with the Chyle , and run the same into digestion in the Bowels , they acting orderly in us ; and then are volatiliz'd into a Nervous Juice , and planted in the middle constitution of the sanguine Mass , and then being exalted by a long circulation and digestion they hereby become Volatile , and are partly joyned with the Spirituous Particles and exstill'd into the Brain with them , and there become Animal Spirits , and at length turn into a Nutrimentitious Juice fit for nourishing the sulphureous and solid parts of the Body through which they pass . Salt therefore as it is allowed three states of Fusion , Volatization , and Fluidness , so it acts accordingly in our Bodies , for when its saline Corpuscles be mixt with the rest and made ready for dissolution , then it shews it self in the first conception of Animals , beginnings of Fermentations , and indigested Formations of things , and this bears the name of Fusion .

When from the first rudiments of Motion the Saline Particles are seen to ascend with some Spirit having Sulphure thereto added , this invigorates the same and gives it a volatization .

That properly called Fluor Salis when the saline parts which were formerly collected with the Earth and Sulphure , are now associated to the Spirit , and this knot of mixture being loosned , it thereby gets its freedom , and being thus clear'd and freed whilst the major part of the Spirit and Sulphure leaves it , it takes chief place it self , and so is rendred insipid and free from all saltness whatever .

Acreds do shew their dependance from a Volatile Salt in concrete things , the which being dissolv'd from their mixtures , do speedily lose themselves ; and hence is it that some Herbs although abounding with an acred Juice whilst green , when they grow dry they are perfectly seen to lose their Acredity , as is made good in Scurvey-grass , Water-cresses , and the like . Again , the volatile acred Salt being mixt with the Air in the Lungs and received into the Blood by Inspiration , or taken into the Stomach with our Nutriments , or suckt into the Body by its pores , or mixing it self with the Liquors of the Glandules or the Blood , doth both infect , enervate and vitiate the same . Acreds also in the time of Fermentation do contract the Ventricle and promote an expulsive faculty therein , moving the heat with more frequent contractions , making the Pulse bear a part with it , and the Blood being stagnated , does hereby grow more acred , and this runs it into Inflammation , and oft-times converts it into purulent or corrupt Matter .

Austere Acids do generally arise in those bodies which are readiest inclinable to Astringency , whose Particles are fill'd with many small prickings closing upon the Fibres , and as it were contracting the same : Thus we see austere Acids do breed and produce Glutinosities of fluid things by astriction , restore both the Tone and strength of the parts , correct and temper volatization , amend the fluidness of Choler , hardning the Excrements of the Intestines , oft-times the mother of Suffocation , and whatever we take into our Mouths of Vitriol or Tobacco , they are seen to leave an austeer gust upon our pallates .

Viscid Juices do variously bring Diseases upon our humane Bodies ; Thus we see that both Saliva , Pancreatick Juice , and Lympha , do err , and prove injurious by their viscidities in Hecticks , and the beginnings of Catarrhs are allowed to arise from viscid Nutriments and cold Air. Coagulation of Humours also are seen to arise from a viscid Chyle , and an Intestinal Flegm marching along in the milky vessels , and its viscidity that makes flations , keeps so close to the Stomach and in it , and which makes their exits thence so uneasie , and its viscous and coagulate Blood that both stagnates the motion of the Blood , and hinders the secretion of the Chyle , &c.

Bitter Juices carry in them both Sulphure and Salt , wherein they are seen very equally concern'd , and do operate in the Blood as they do in compound Liquors , where contracting a new bitterness by being either burnt in their Concoctions , or too much spent by evaporation ; they do hence occasion a kind of bitter smoakiness which they seem to purchase hereby , and bear the same in their whole progress .

Acerbs or tart and sowre Juices generally are in their proper nature very near in kin to austere or astringent Juices , and do hurt our Bodies by obstructing our Pores , wherein having once got entrance , they are not very readily or easily to be thence discharged ; they bear up their tart and sowre nature , and are not to be overcome with such which are of a more sweet constitution .

Unctuous or oily Juices are then allowed to be produced when the Particles of any Body are seen sphaerical and globular , neither bringing much disturbance , or pricking , or tickling therewith . Sulphure being herein master in chief , and Oyl being apt to take fire , if it once assumes it , it keeps the same up and maintains it ; and the Lixivial Salt once joyn'd with Oyl as often as it is digested with any acid , it produceth a notable heat ; and thus the Blood so long as Choler is cheif master in it , is seen to turn saline and oily , Oyl and Fat being accounted the two chief ingredients of Bile .

Dulcorate Juices do declare themselves by their pleasant tast which they carry in them , and when the saline Particles do grow equally together with the sulphureous Particles giving the later another nature , they are both seen to run into obtuse streaks ; and this alchalizated Spirit and fixt Salt , of what body soever it be mixt and circulated by long digestion , does there produce and beget a dulcorated sweetness .

Under Insipid Juices , if they may so be called , may be reckoned Water , Rain , the White of an Egg , and those may then most properly be so termed when the Particles of any Bodies are not always rendred with an asperate , but with levigated Superficials , in which the principles of Earth and Water are predominant above the rest ; and although indeed there 's nothing in the world can really be allowed Insipid , yet those are generally seen to carry that name which are altogether deprived of Sapour and Gust .

These Juices are thus seen to bear concord and agreement in our Bodies , where we commonly see Sweets and Acids very well agreeing together , and Sweets and Austeers , the first shewn in Syrup of Citrons , Conserve of Wood Sorrel , Barberies , and the like ; the later in Marmalade of Quinces , stewed Prunes , &c.