THE
MARROW
OF
Ecclesiastical
History
,
CONTAINED
IN
The
LIVES
of
one
hundred
forty
eight
FATHERS
,
SCHOOLMEN
,
first
REFORMERS
,
and
MODERN
DIVINES
which
have
flourished
in
the
Church
since
Christ's
time
to
this
present
Age
:
Faithfully
collected
,
and
orderly
disposed
according
to
the
CENTURIES
wherein
they
lived
:
Together
With
the
Lively
Effigies
of
most
of
the
eminentest
of
them
cut
in
COPPER
.
The
second
Edition
enlarged
in
most
of
the
Lives
,
with
the
addition
of
nine
Lives
which
were
not
in
the
Former
.
By
SAMUEL
CLARK
Pastor
of
Bennet
Fink
,
London
.
Vt
qui
praeceptis
non
accendimur
,
saltem
exemplis
incitemur
,
atque
in
appetitu
Rectitudinis
,
nil
sibi
mens
nostra
difficile
astimet
quod
perfectè
peragi
ab
aliis
videt
Greg.
Mag.
l.
9.
c
43.
Wherefore
seeing
we
are
compassed
about
with
so
great
a
cloud
of
witnesses
,
let
us
lay
aside
every
weight
,
and
the
sin
which
doth
so
easily
beset
us
,
and
let
us
run
with
patience
the
race
which
is
set
before
us
,
Heb.
12.
1.
London
,
Printed
for
T.
V.
and
are
to
be
sold
by
William
Roybould
at
the
Vnicorn
in
Pauls-Church-yard
,
1654.
To
the
Christian
Reader
.
CHRISTIAN
READER
,
THe
nature
of
man
is
more
apt
to
be
guided
by
Examples
then
by
Precepts
;
especially
by
the
the
examples
of
men
eminently
learned
,
and
of
great
repute
for
Pietie
and
Godliness
.
Such
men
are
as
Looking-glasses
to
the
places
where
they
live
,
by
which
most
people
dress
themselves
,
and
when
they
fall
into
sin
,
they
fall
like
men
in
a
croud
,
many
falling
with
them
.
The
bodies
of
men
are
not
so
subject
to
be
infected
by
the
illness
of
the
ayr
,
as
the
souls
of
men
by
the
ill
examples
of
godly
learned
Ministers
.
When
Peter
at
Antioch
dissembled
,
many
of
the
Jews
dissembled
likewise
with
him
,
and
Barn●ibas
was
brought
into
their
dissimulation
also
.
It
is
very
remarkable
that
this
example
of
Peter
is
said
to
be
a
constraining
of
the
Gentiles
to
Judaize
;
Why
constrainest
thou
the
Gentiles
to
do
as
the
Jews
?
Gal.
2
14.
There
is
a
compulsive
power
in
the
ill
examples
of
godly
men
to
constrain
others
to
do
the
evil
that
they
do
;
and
therefore
let
godly
Ministers
(
especially
in
these
days
)
take
heed
least
by
any
wicked
compliance
they
build
men
up
in
sin
,
and
bring
destruction
upon
themselves
,
as
the
two
sons
of
old
Ely
did
,
who
by
their
wicked
examples
made
the
people
of
Israel
to
transgress
,
and
thereby
brought
ruine
upon
their
old
Father
and
themselves
.
1
Sam.
2.
24.
And
so
on
the
contrary
,
there
is
a
heavenly
power
and
efficacy
,
in
the
good
examples
of
men
eminent
in
place
and
godliness
,
to
draw
others
to
Pietie
and
Holiness
.
As
long
as
Joshua
lived
,
and
the
Elders
that
had
seen
all
the
great
works
of
the
Lord
that
he
did
for
Israel
,
the
children
of
Israel
served
the
Lord
.
The
religious
cariage
of
Theodosius
the
Emperour
in
his
family
,
made
,
not
only
his
family
,
but
his
whole
Court
to
be
a
nourcery
of
Religion
.
Pezel
.
Mel
Hist.
in
vita
Theodo
.
2.
But
this
is
most
especially
seen
in
the
godly
Lives
of
godly
and
learned
Ministers
.
Herod
the
King
reverenced
John
Baptist
,
observed
him
,
and
when
he
heard
him
,
did
many
things
,
and
heard
him
gladly
;
not
so
much
for
the
love
of
his
doctrine
,
as
because
he
was
a
just
and
holy
man
,
and
(
as
Jesus
Christ
saith
of
him
)
a
burning
and
shining
light
;
burning
in
holy
zeal
for
God
,
as
well
as
shining
in
Orthodox
Doctrine
.
He
is
called
by
the
Prophet
,
The
voyce
of
him
that
cryeth
in
the
wilderness
.
And
as
Nazianzen
saith
of
him
,
he
cryed
louder
by
the
holiness
of
his
life
,
then
the
sincerity
of
his
doctrine
;
He
was
Tota
vox
,
All
voyce
;
his
apparel
,
his
diet
,
and
his
conversation
,
did
Preach
holiness
,
as
well
as
his
doctrine
.
Mar.
6
▪
20.
John
5.
35.
Isay
40.
3.
And
therefore
is
cannot
but
be
a
work
very
profitable
to
the
Church
of
Christ
,
for
any
man
to
write
a
History
of
the
Lives
of
the
eminently
learned
,
and
godly
Ministers
of
former
times
,
as
a
fair
Copy
for
Posterity
to
write
after
,
and
a
Patten
for
them
to
imitate
.
This
Reverend
,
religious
,
and
learned
Author
hath
undertaken
this
work
in
this
ensuing
Treatise
,
and
effected
it
so
well
,
as
that
I
thought
it
not
sufficient
to
give
a
naked
Imprimatur
unto
it
,
without
this
additional
commendation
both
of
the
Author
and
of
his
work
.
The
Apostle
having
in
the
eleventh
Chapter
to
the
Hebrews
given
us
a
little●Book
of
Martyrs
,
in
the
beginning
of
the
twelfth
Chapter
,
he
calls
them
A
cloud
of
witnesses
.
Such
a
cloud
of
witnesses
is
contained
in
this
Book
.
And
as
the
childreu
of
Israel
were
directed
in
their
journeys
by
the
Pillar
of
a
Cloud
,
that
went
before
them
,
as
long
as
they
were
in
the
Wilderness
,
so
let
us
make
this
cloud
of
Witnesses
(
so
far
as
it
followeth
Christ
)
a
Pillar
of
Cloud
to
guide
us
,
while
we
are
in
the
Wilderness
of
this
World
,
till
we
come
to
enjoy
that
unexpressible
happiness
of
which
they
are
now
made
partakers
.
So
prayeth
your
servant
in
Christ
Jesus
,
EDMUND
CALAMY
.
TO
THE
Christian
Reader
.
Christian
Reader
,
THE
right
improvement
of
good
Examples
,
doth
reach
the
highest
ends
of
man
,
(
viz.
)
Gods
honor
,
and
the
souls
welfare
.
It
was
an
honor
unto
King
David
,
2
Sam.
23.
to
have
so
many
men
of
valor
under
his
command
.
And
doubtless
the
wisdom
,
faith
,
love
,
Zeal
,
courage
,
and
humility
,
which
Gods
faithful
servants
in
the
several
ages
of
the
Church
have
expressed
in
their
attendance
upon
him
,
do
publish
the
high
praises
of
his
blessed
Majesty
.
For
if
there
appear
so
much
worth
in
small
drops
,
what
is
there
in
the
Seas
of
Divine
Al-sufficiencie
?
He
that
seeth
the
Sun-beams
bright
,
will
see
cause
to
admire
the
brightness
of
the
Sun
it self
.
Exod.
34.
28.
30.
35.
The
luster
left
upon
Moses
his
face
,
by
the
reflection
of
the
glory
of
Gods
back
parts
,
was
a
full
demonstration
of
the
incomparable
infinite
glory
of
his
face
.
When
we
read
of
me
raised
above
the
World
,
despising
promises
,
and
scorning
threatnings
,
whereby
they
have
been
assaulted
to
desert
the
Truth
of
the
Gospel
,
and
to
make
shipwrack
of
a
good
conscience
;
how
can
we
do
less
then
glorifie
God
in
them
?
Gal.
1.
23.
24.
For
can
any
power
,
on
this
side
Omnipotencie
,
enable
sinful
men
to
deny
themselves
,
their
dearest
relations
,
and
the
greatest
earthly
advantages
for
Jesus
Christ
?
How
much
of
Deity
shines
in
their
Lives
,
who
could
trample
upon
preferments
,
laugh
at
imprisonment
and
banishment
,
yea
with
smiles
and
joys
embrace
stakes
,
and
endure
flames
,
in
love
unto
the
Lord
Jesus
?
Oh
what
abundant
occasion
is
administred
of
adoring
the
most
High
God
,
in
his
rich
perfections
,
faithfulness
and
unchangeableness
,
when
we
consider
,
how
even
to
admiration
,
he
hath
furnished
many
of
his
Ambassadors
with
raised
parts
and
graces
to
defend
his
cause
and
edifie
his
Church
,
in
the
several
corners
of
the
World
from
generation
to
generation
!
Verè
magnus
est
Deus
Christianorum
.
Histories
hold
forth
the
acknowledgements
extorted
from
Heathens
to
the
honor
of
the
true
God
,
upon
the
notice
taken
of
Christians
gracious
carriage
,
both
in
life
and
death
:
When
you
be
informed
of
their
unwearyed
industrie
in
services
,
and
their
undaunted
magnanimitie
in
sufferings
for
Christ
their
Lord
,
then
conceive
,
that
you
hear
themselves
thus
speaking
unto
you
with
a
loud
voice
;
Acts
3.
12.
Psa●
.
115.
1.
Why
look
you
thus
upon
us
?
Not
unto
us
,
not
unto
us
,
but
unto
the
Name
of
God
give
glory
.
And
as
our
gracious
God
is
advanced
,
so
may
our selves
be
very
much
advantaged
by
a
due
consideration
of
those
things
,
which
have
been
exemplary
in
the
Lives
and
deaths
of
choise
men
,
Champions
for
Scripture
truths
,
and
Patriots
for
the
power
of
godliness
.
1
Pet.
2
12.
&
3.
1.
For
as
Gods
Laws
are
the
good
mans
rules
;
1
Cor
7.
16.
so
good
Examples
are
his
motives
and
encouragements
.
The
holy
Scriptures
do
hint
the
prevalency
hereof
for
saving
conversion
.
2
Tim.
3.
14.
Ac●si
diceret
,
satis
corum
testimoniis
tam
probatam
esse
fidem
,
ut
non
sit
haesitandum
.
And
it
is
reported
that
Justin
Martyr
by
observing
the
pious
Lives
and
patient
deaths
of
the
Martyrs
,
was
brought
to
Christ
.
Men
likewise
may
be
fast
riveted
,
and
more
strongly
rooted
in
the
Truth
received
,
by
reflecting
upon
the
sound
judgements
and
spotless
Lives
of
them
who
have
published
and
maintained
it
.
Calv.
in
Heb.
12.
1.
Le
qu●e
,
ut
te
vide●m
.
Sermo
quidem
viv●s
,
&
efficax
,
exemplar
est
.
Bern.
Heb.
11.
4.
In
which
respect
Pauls
speech
unto
young
Timothy
is
very
remarkable
;
But
continue
thou
in
the
things
which
thou
hast
learned
,
and
hast
been
assured
of
,
knowing
of
whom
thou
hast
learned
them
.
Such
are
witnesses
with
a
witness
,
there
are
none
such
.
The
common
people
are
more
apt
to
enquire
what
Ministers
do
,
then
what
they
say
.
Cujus
adhuc
vis
magna
,
&
velut
continua
solicitatio
.
Rivet
.
Exerc.
43.
in
Gen.
Prov.
2.
20.
And
the
eye
is
more
operative
and
affecting
then
the
ear
.
Neither
is
this
only
true
,
in
regard
of
Gods
Worthies
who
live
with
us
,
but
also
in
reference
unto
them
who
have
lived
long
before
us
.
The
Apostle
writing
to
the
Hebrews
concerning
Abels
faith
,
he
tels
them
,
that
by
it
,
though
he
be
dead
,
he
yet
speaketh
.
Upon
which
phrase
famous
Master
Perkins
,
hath
this
note
.
Abels
faith
,
is
a
never
dying
Preacher
.
It
is
the
pleasure
of
Almighty
God
,
that
we
should
walk
in
the
way
of
good
men
,
and
keep
the
path
of
the
righteous
.
Walk
so
as
you
have
us
for
an
example
.
Phil.
3.
17.
20.
Admonet
non
esse
omnes
promiscuèlmitandos
.
Cal.
in
loc.
The
Apostle
Paul
draws
their
observation
and
imitation
,
upon
those
who
were
really
and
eminently
good
.
And
the
Apostle
James
,
inculcates
the
same
thing
.
Take
,
my
Brethren
,
the
Prophets
,
who
have
spoken
in
the
Name
of
the
Lord
,
for
an
example
.
Jam
5.
10.
In
Examples
there
should
be
excellencie
and
conspicuitie
;
As
the
stamps
upon
coyns
which
make
them
current
.
It
is
most
true
that
wise
Solomon
sends
sluggish
man
unto
School
,
Prov.
6.
6.
to
learn
of
the
Pismire
.
And
therefore
,
grant
that
Christians
should
imitate
Heathens
in
their
virtues
:
how
much
rather
then
,
ought
we
to
make
practical
improvement
of
the
Epitomized
Lives
of
these
many
eminent
servants
of
Christ
,
who
are
presented
to
our
view
in
this
book
?
Etsi
exempla
bonitatis
Dei
ubique
eluceant
,
&c.
vide
Rivet
.
in
Psal.
21.
These
fair
copies
we
should
spread
before
our
eyes
,
and
write
after
them
,
till
our
writing
,
our
living
be
like
them
.
Frequent
meditation
upon
the
wise
savorie
speeches
,
and
holy
gratious
practices
of
these
renowned
Worthies
,
will
be
a
special
means
to
mould
us
(
even
us
)
into
the
same
similitude
.
Peter
Martyr
,
Loc.
Commu
.
part.
1.
cap.
6.
perswading
the
improvement
of
good
Examples
,
tell
's
a
storie
of
a
deformed
man
,
marryed
unto
an
uncomely
woman
,
who
,
being
desirous
of
comely
children
,
bought
many
beautiful
pictures
,
and
desired
his
wife
daily
to
look
upon
them
,
by
means
whereof
their
children
were
handsome
and
lovely
.
And
doubtless
,
brave
Christian
qualifications
might
be
begotten
in
our
bosoms
by
filling
our
heads
and
hearts
frequently
with
the
commendable
conversation
of
these
holy
men
of
God
,
who
have
been
burning
and
shining
lights
in
the
Churches
of
Christ
,
in
their
respective
Ages
.
But
whilst
we
are
moving
imitation
,
we
must
not
forget
to
give
in
some
few
cautions
to
prevent
miscarrying
.
1.
Do
not
so
Idolize
any
man
in
respect
of
his
place
,
parts
,
or
graces
,
as
to
make
him
your
pattern
in
every
particular
.
The
Apostle
gives
in
a
good
Item
to
the
Corinthians
,
which
concerns
all
Christians
,
Be
followers
of
me
,
as
I
am
of
Christ
.
1.
Cor.
11.
1.
Christians
are
not
bound
(
as
Master
Latimer
expresseth
himself
)
to
be
the
Saints
Apes
,
laboring
to
be
like
them
in
every
thing
:
It
's
Christs
peculiar
honor
,
to
be
imitated
in
all
morals
absolutely
.
This
caveat
is
necessary
in
these
Man-admiring
times
,
wherein
many
pin
their
faith
and
consciences
upon
some
mens
sleeves
.
Here
it
might
seasonably
be
remembred
,
that
the
opinion
and
practice
of
the
Apostle
Peter
did
once
lead
many
out
of
the
right
way
.
Gal.
2.
11
,
12
,
13.
When
mens
parts
are
high
,
their
graces
shining
,
or
their
power
great
,
we
are
in
danger
either
to
be
dazzelled
with
their
brightness
,
or
biassed
by
their
greatness
.
Therefore
before
you
adventure
to
follow
men
,
weigh
the
chiefest
of
them
in
the
ballance
of
the
Sanctuary
,
Non
er●meranda
suffia●ia
,
sed
pe●pend●nda
.
August
.
1.
and
try
their
most
specious
notions
and
actions
by
the
touchstone
of
the
Temple
.
2.
Beware
on
the
other
hand
,
lest
you
so
pry
into
and
peer
upon
the
weaknesses
of
Gods
Worthies
,
as
not
to
value
and
imitate
those
virtues
which
did
break
forth
brightly
in
their
conversations
.
You
must
give
good
gold
all
its
allowance
,
and
not
throw
it
aside
,
because
it
wants
some
grains
and
hath
a
crack
.
The
Snow-like
Swan
hath
black
legs
,
and
in
many
things
we
offend
all
.
Iam.
3.
2.
And
though
some
of
these
pretious
servants
of
Jesus
Christ
,
who
are
justly
commended
in
this
book
,
had
their
blemishes
in
judgement
,
or
in
some
actions
:
yet
how
much
did
they
in
many
particulars
exceed
the
most
famous
Professors
of
our
times
?
3.
When
you
meet
with
that
in
their
lives
which
was
not
onely
truly
,
but
eminently
good
,
sit
not
down
satisfied
till
you
have
attained
their
measure
.
Be
followers
of
me
,
Phil.
3.
17.
20
&c.
(
saith
the
Apostle
)
for
our
conversation
is
in
Heaven
.
Follow
the
forwardest
Christians
with
a
desire
to
overtake
them
.
His
speech
savored
more
of
wit
then
grace
,
who
counselled
his
friend
not
to
come
too
nigh
unto
truth
,
lest
his
teeth
should
be
beaten
out
with
its
heels
.
Dwell
upon
the
Exemplarie
Lives
of
these
transcendent
Saints
,
till
you
be
changed
into
the
same
image
;
Their
love
to
Christ
,
his
truth
and
people
should
enlarge
your
hearts
:
Their
zeal
should
enflame
you
.
Their
magnanimity
should
encourage
you
.
Their
humility
should
abase
you
.
Their
patience
should
calm
you
.
Their
labors
should
quicken
your
diligence
.
Their
temperance
should
moderate
you
in
the
use
of
all
sensual
contentments
.
Their
confidence
should
confirm
your
fiducial
dependance
upon
Gospel-promises
.
Their
contempt
of
the
World
should
call
you
off
yet
farther
from
all
empty
sublunaries
.
Their
high
estimation
of
the
holy
Scriptures
should
heighten
your
reverent
respect
of
them
.
Virtutes
sanctorum
sunt
quasi
testimonia
,
quae
nos
confirment
,
ut
Illis
vel
ducibus
vel
sociis
freti
,
alacrius
ad
Deum
pergamus
.
Cal
▪
in
Heb.
1
2.
1.
Their
many
assaults
from
Satan
and
sufferings
from
men
,
in
estate
,
liberty
,
credit
,
and
body
,
should
embolden
and
arm
you
in
evil
times
.
Their
experiences
of
support
under
grievances
,
of
supplies
in
necessaries
,
of
comfort
in
crosses
,
of
deliverance
in
streights
,
of
success
in
services
,
and
of
triumphing
perseverance
,
notwithstanding
all
oppositions
from
within
and
from
without
,
should
hold
up
your
faint
hopes
,
unweariedly
to
wait
for
the
full
accomplishment
of
all
the
pretious
promises
of
Covenant-grace
in
Jesus
Christ
.
4.
Confine
not
your
desires
,
designs
,
endeavors
,
to
any
degree
of
Spiritual
goodness
attained
by
the
fairest
Saint
on
this
side
Heaven
.
For
no
example
(
Christ's
onely
excepted
)
did
ever
reach
that
rule
,
according
to
which
we
are
always
obliged
to
order
our
hearts
and
lives
.
A
man
may
fully
fall
in
with
the
forwardest
follower
of
Jesus
Christ
,
and
yet
fall
far
short
of
conformity
to
Gods
commandements
.
That
blessed
Apostle
who
propounds
himself
a
pattern
for
imitation
,
having
his
conversation
in
Heaven
,
yet
he
speaks
thus
of
himself
,
Not
as
though
I
was
already
perfect
.
And
that
beloved
Disciple
John
tels
us
,
that
Every
one
who
hath
a
well-grounded
,
1.
Ioh.
3.
3.
lively
hope
of
heaven
,
purgeth
himself
,
as
Christ
is
pure
.
If
according
to
this
counsel
,
with
these
directions
,
you
shall
improve
the
manifold
pretious
examples
,
which
are
here
presented
unto
your
perusal
,
then
shall
you
have
good
cause
to
bless
Almighty
God
for
bringing
this
book
unto
your
hands
.
The
godly
and
Reverend
Author
,
our
antient
friend
and
Fellow-Pupil
with
one
of
us
(
under
the
tuition
of
Master
Thoms
Hooker
in
Emanuel
Colledge
,
S.
Ash
who
for
his
eminent
abilities
,
and
glorious
services
,
both
in
this
and
in
the
other
England
,
deserves
a
place
in
the
first
rank
of
them
who
are
here
recorded
)
hath
in
this
collection
imitated
the
Lord
,
who
hath
a
book
of
Remembrance
,
wherein
he
Registers
the
gratious
speeches
and
actions
of
his
zealous
servants
in
cvil
times
.
Mal.
3.
16.
Hereby
also
he
is
instrumental
in
the
accomplishment
of
Gods
promise
,
who
hath
said
,
Psal.
112.
6.
The
righteous
shall
be
had
in
everlasting
remembrance
.
An
instance
whereof
the
Apostle
gives
in
Abel
(
the
proto-Martyr
)
who
,
for
his
faith
and
righteousness
,
is
yet
spoken
off
(
as
some
render
the
phrase
)
though
long
since
dead
.
Heb.
11.
4.
That
which
the
Apostle
affirms
,
upon
the
reveiw
of
his
Catalogue
of
believers
,
recorded
in
the
eleventh
Chapter
of
his
Epistle
to
the
Hebrews
,
I
may
apply
to
this
Book
;
We
are
compassed
about
with
a
clowd
of
witnesses
:
for
which
way
can
we
look
,
or
to
what
condition
and
concernment
of
life
can
we
turn
our selves
,
wherein
some
Example
propounded
in
this
book
,
will
not
aptly
suit
with
our
estates
for
guidance
,
comfort
,
encouragement
?
Heb.
12.
1.
And
although
the
labor
of
our
Author
,
hath
been
in
this
collection
very
great
,
yet
he
resolves
(
if
God
give
life
and
health
)
to
add
a
second
part
unto
this
now
published
:
wherein
,
if
any
one
will
be
pleased
to
furnish
him
,
with
full
and
faithful
relations
,
of
the
godly
life
and
death
of
any
their
Christian
friends
(
whether
Ministers
or
others
)
who
have
been
eminent
in
their
days
,
their
Names
may
hereby
be
perpetuated
unto
the
service
of
posterity
.
Here
we
might
have
given
in
a
true
,
though
short
Character
of
some
pretious
servants
and
messengers
of
Christ
,
whose
graces
were
admired
whilst
they
lived
,
and
whose
mem●ry
their
surviving
friends
do
much
honor
:
viz.
Doctor
Preston
,
Most
of
whose
lives
are
since
published
by
the
Author
.
Sibs
,
Tailor
,
Stoughton
,
&c.
Mr.
Rogers
,
Stock
,
Culverwel
,
Pemble
,
&c.
As
also
Mr.
Hildersham
,
Dod
,
Pierson
,
Herring
,
Ball
,
Nicols
,
Hind
,
and
Rathband
,
who
for
their
Christian
graces
,
and
Ministerial
abilities
,
for
their
services
and
sufferings
,
do
deserve
an
honourable
memorial
in
the
Church
of
Christ
:
The
later
of
these
(
though
they
lived
and
dyed
Non-conformists
)
yet
they
always
kept
a
due
distance
from
Brownistical
separation
,
and
were
zealously
affected
towards
the
Presbyterial
Government
of
the
Church
,
as
the
works
of
some
of
them
do
sufficiently
witness
.
Through
Gods
grace
,
their
judgments
were
never
tainted
with
the
noisom
Errors
of
these
declining
times
,
neither
were
their
lives
stained
with
any
such
scandals
,
for
which
too
many
who
pretend
to
an
higher
pitch
of
purity
and
Saintship
,
are
justly
reproached
.
But
now
we
will
not
discourse
any
further
of
them
,
because
we
hope
that
the
next
part
of
this
book
(
which
before
we
intimated
)
may
bring
to
light
the
excellencies
of
some
of
them
(
at
least
)
which
call
for
remembrance
and
imitation
.
And
now
(
Christian
Reader
!
)
craving
pardon
for
our
tediosness
,
whereby
thou
hast
been
thus
long
detained
out
of
this
pleasant
Garden
,
we
desire
that
Gods
direction
and
blessing
may
accompany
thy
passage
through
it
:
that
whilst
thou
seest
thy self
surrounded
with
sweet
and
fragrant
flowers
,
thou
mayst
adore
the
inexhaust
fulness
of
Jesus
Christ
,
from
whom
all
graces
and
consolations
do
continually
flow
.
And
because
an
inward
supernatural
principle
is
necessary
to
the
right
improvement
of
such
helps
,
(
as
the
Bee
by
an
innate
quality
,
which
other
creatures
want
,
maketh
Honey
out
of
Flowers
)
we
commend
thee
to
the
God
of
all
Grace
,
that
by
the
abilities
of
his
spirit
,
thou
mayst
be
abundantly
benefited
in
spiritual
respects
,
by
thy
serious
survaying
of
this
useful
book
.
London
,
Decemb.
7th
.
1649.
Thine
,
in
the
service
of
Jesus
Christ
SIMEON
ASH
.
JOHN
WALL
.
THE
AVTHORS
EPISTLE
TO
THE
CHRISTIAN
READER
.
Christian
Reader
!
THE
holy
Apostle
tels
us
,
Ephes
4.
11
,
&c.
that
when
Christ
ascended
on
high
,
he
gave
gifts
unto
men
,
some
Apostles
,
some
Prophets
,
some
Evangelists
,
some
Pastors
and
Teachers
,
for
the
perfecting
of
the
Saints
,
for
the
work
of
the
Ministry
,
for
the
edifying
of
the
body
of
Christ
,
till
we
all
come
into
the
uaity
of
the
Faith
,
and
of
the
knowledge
of
the
Son
of
God
unto
a
perfect
man
,
unto
the
measure
of
the
stature
of
the
fulness
of
Christ
:
The
accomplishment
hereof
will
in
part
appear
by
these
Examples
following
,
wherein
we
shall
see
how
the
Lord
Jesus
Christ
hath
in
all
Ages
raised
up
,
and
sent
Pastors
after
his
own
heart
for
the
ends
before
mentioned
:
and
because
that
old
subtile
Serpent
the
Divel
knows
,
that
the
chiefest
way
to
hinder
the
success
of
the
Ministry
is
to
breed
in
mens
hearts
an
undervaluing
,
and
disesteem
of
the
Ministers
;
therefore
we
may
take
notice
what
titles
Christ
Jesus
in
the
New
Testament
is
pleased
to
honor
them
withall
;
He
calls
them
Angels
:
2
Rev.
1.
8
,
12
,
18
,
&c.
Stars
:
1
Rev.
ult.
.
Ambassadors
of
Christ
:
2
Cor.
5.
20.
Builders
:
1
Cor.
3.
10.
Gods
Stewards
:
Tit.
1.
7.
Lights
of
the
World
.
Matth.
5.
14.
The
Glory
of
Christ
:
2
Cor.
8.
23.
Nurses
:
1
Thes.
2.
7.
Spiritual
Fathers
:
1
Cor.
4.
15.
And
such
as
stand
in
Christs
stead
:
2
Cor.
5.
20.
And
such
indeed
have
most
of
these
Worthies
been
,
whose
Lives
are
recorded
in
this
Book
:
Yet
least
any
should
run
into
the
contrary
extreme
,
and
judge
of
them
above
that
which
is
meet
,
the
Scriptures
tell
us
also
,
that
they
are
earthen
vessels
,
2
Cor.
4.
7.
and
men
subject
to
the
like
passions
with
others
:
James
5.
17.
Acts
14.
15.
This
you
shall
finde
evidenced
in
the
Narratives
of
some
of
these
Lives
,
who
,
though
they
were
men
of
God
,
yet
were
they
sons
of
Adam
also
;
and
I
could
have
given
you
in
a
Catalogue
of
the
Naevi
,
and
blemishes
of
the
Antient
Fathers
,
as
well
as
of
the
Modern
Divines
,
that
so
we
might
be
convinced
that
our
faith
ought
not
to
stand
in
the
wisdom
of
men
,
but
in
the
power
of
God
:
But
most
men
are
too
apt
to
espie
motes
upon
a
black
coate
,
and
therefore
I
forbear
them
.
What
excellent
use
may
be
made
of
these
Lives
will
appear
if
we
consider
,
First
,
the
Divine
and
comfortable
speeches
which
have
proceeded
from
these
holy
men
of
God
,
worthy
to
be
written
in
letters
of
Gold
,
and
to
be
engraven
,
not
upon
the
Tables
of
stone
,
but
upon
the
fleshly
Table
of
our
hearts
.
Secondly
,
the
industry
,
diligence
,
and
faithfulness
which
they
shewed
in
their
general
and
particular
callings
,
worthy
our
best
imitation
.
Thirdly
,
their
behaviour
and
deportment
in
times
of
persecution
,
and
how
ready
the
Lord
was
to
support
,
encourage
,
and
strengthen
them
therein
,
which
may
help
our
faith
and
dependance
upon
God
in
the
like
times
,
and
upon
the
like
occasions
.
Fourthly
,
their
zeal
,
patience
,
and
perseverance
in
the
truth
,
not
loving
their
lives
unto
the
death
,
Rev.
12.
11.
so
they
might
fulfil
their
Ministry
with
joy
;
which
should
teach
us
to
be
followers
of
them
,
Heb.
6.
12.
who
through
Faith
and
Patience
do
now
inherit
the
promises
.
What
benefit
this
collection
of
mine
may
afford
to
the
learned
,
and
to
Ministers
,
I
leave
it
to
their
own
prudence
who
can
best
judge
of
it
:
Yet
thus
much
I
dare
say
,
that
here
they
shall
finde
gathered
into
one
book
those
things
which
before
lay
scattered
in
many
:
Here
they
shall
see
in
what
Centuries
,
Ages
,
and
places
the
famousest
lights
of
the
Church
,
both
Antient
and
Modern
,
have
flourished
.
Here
they
shall
have
contracted
into
one
little
volume
the
substance
of
that
,
which
if
it
had
been
translated
,
or
transcribed
according
to
the
Originals
,
would
have
filled
many
such
books
as
this
and
yet
(
as
I
suppose
)
nothing
of
worth
or
weight
omitted
.
And
if
together
with
this
,
they
shall
please
to
make
use
of
my
two
Martyrologies
,
and
my
Mirror
,
Now
much
enlarged
.
or
Looking-glass
both
for
Saints
and
Sinners
,
I
presume
they
may
be
stored
with
examples
,
almost
for
every
subject
which
they
shall
preach
upon
:
and
how
grateful
and
useful
to
the
Auditors
such
examples
are
,
I
conceive
none
can
be
ignorant
.
But
to
conclude
,
I
hope
(
through
Gods
blessing
)
these
my
weak
and
unworthy
endeavors
will
prove
seasonable
and
sutable
to
the
times
;
pleasant
and
profitable
to
the
Readers
,
and
some
way
or
other
instrumental
to
Gods
glory
,
which
is
the
serious
and
earnest
desire
of
Thy
unfeigned
friend
to
serve
thee
,
SAMUEL
CLARK
.
From
my
study
in
Threed-needle-street
,
Decemb
10.
1649.
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.
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.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Thomas
Dugard
.
A.
M.
Rector
Barfordiae
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
)
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Idem
.
To
his
Reverend
Friend
Mr.
Samuel
Clark
.
Samuel
Clark
ANAGRAM
-
A
Cull-markes
:
Or
,
-
Cull's
a
marke
.
FAlse
Lights
to
Error
now
our
Souls
betray
;
Thou
art
a
Cull-markes
to
direct
our
way
.
From
White
of
Truth
we
rove
as
in
the
dark
,
Thy
Book
's
our
Marks-man
,
and
Cull's
out
A
Mark.
We
sail
in
troublous
Seas
midst
rocks
and
shelves
,
Thou
set'st
up
Sea-marks
least
we
lose
our selves
:
Mercurial
Statues
here
rais'd
out
of
clay
,
Whose
Faith
,
Zeal
,
Patience
guide
us
heavens
way
:
Thy
Life
,
Name
,
Works
so
well
in
one
agree
,
I
wish
me
follower
of
these
LIVES
with
thee
.
Jo.
Fuller
,
Minister
of
Gods
Word
at
Botolphs-Bishops-gate
.
Others
by
the
same
.
STorie
's
a
Light
of
time
for
after
Ages
,
This
Book
's
a
Lanthorn
which
this
Light
incage's
:
No
fatal
Comet
's
here
with
fear
to
dread
us
,
But
Pole-stars
all
from
Christ
to
Christ
to
lead
us
.
And
should
the
witnesses
not
yet
be
slain
,
Thou
mak'st
us
see
they
may
be
rais'd
again
.
If
Teachers
be
as
Stars
,
then
sure
thy
Book
Doth
as
an
Heavenly
Constellation
look
:
If
they
be
seasoning
salt
,
this
Book
of
thine
May
well
be
nam'd
a
Rich
Salt
Peter-Mine
.
If
Watchmen
,
Witnesses
,
he
's
not
misled
Calls
it
a
Mizpah
and
a
Galeed
.
Gen.
31.
47
,
49.
A
Sacred
Sampler
drawn
to
th'
life
in
Storie
,
Legend
of
Saints
,
indeed
a
Directorie
.
And
whilst
that
some
snuff
out
Lights
of
our
Age
,
Thou
trim'st
,
and
set'st
such
here
in
equipage
:
Spirits
once
rais'd
,
imploy'd
not
,
vanish
soon
,
When
these
LIVES
guide
us
,
then
thy
Book
is
done
.
Joh.
Fuller
.
To
my
Reverend
and
learned
friend
,
upon
his
Book
called
The
LIVES
,
&c.
LIke
Jacob's
Rods
thy
LIVES
thou
laist
in
view
;
His
Rods
were
pill'd
,
thy
LIVES
are
pickt
;
their
hew
(
Reader
)
is
thy
Exemplar
;
Look
on
,
Love
,
Buy
,
Read
,
yea
Live
their
LIVES
,
and
then
t
will
prove
That
when
you
have
enquir'd
what
bargain
's
best
,
A
purchase
made
for
LIVES
is
gainfullest
:
Could
but
one
Life
be
bought
,
who
would
not
trade
?
Who
buys
thy
Book
,
buyes
many
Lives
:
I
'le
wade
One
step
more
in
thy
praise
;
How
th'
Faces
fit
I
judge
not
,
sure
thy
LIVES
to
th'
Life
are
writ
.
Guilielm
.
Ienkyn
,
Ecclesiae
Christi
apud
Londinenses
Pastor
.
Vpon
the
Book
of
the
LIVES
of
the
FATHERS
,
&c.
Made
by
the
Reverend
,
his
dear
Father
Mr.
Samuel
Clark
.
LO
here
the
quintessence
of
more
Then
Croesus
ever
saw
before
.
Gold
,
Silver
,
Diamonds
,
these
are
,
Compar'd
to
this
,
not
half
so
rare
,
Contracted
worth
!
much
in
a
little
space
:
'T
is
Homer's
Iliads
in
a
Nut-shel
case
.
Rare
Chymistrie
!
how
could
you
make
So
pure
Elixar
?
did
you
take
These
Worthies
ashes
so
Divine
,
As
matter
fit
for
your
design
?
Such
Sacred
Reliques
,
whereso
'ere
enshrin'd
,
Make
the
Vrn
pretious
to
a
pious
minde
.
Of
several
Stars
our
Sophies
say
,
Vnited's
made
the
Milkie-way
:
The
Ignes
fatui
cannot
be
Exalted
to
such
dignitie
.
No
wandring
Stars
are
here
.
These
fixed
are
;
A
Constellation
in
heaven's
highest
Sphere
.
Then
sure
this
Book
,
if
read
,
will
please
;
Who
will
not
choose
to
be
with
these
Deceased
Heroes
?
this
bliss
To
th'
Reader
here
imparted
is
.
Here
's
many
Saints
;
one
Book
:
thus
Schools
do
tell
Ten
thousand
Angels
in
one
point
may
dwell
.
Sam.
Clark
,
A.
M.
Aul.
Pembr
.
Soc.
To
his
Reverend
and
much
honored
Father
,
Mr.
Samuel
Clark
,
concerning
his
Book
called
The
LIVES
,
&c.
HOW
!
LIVES
!
They
're
dead
.
No
:
death
they
did
evade
By
their
good
Lives
,
which
them
immortal
made
.
Death
could
not
take
their
Lives
away
,
you
finde
He
took
their
bodies
,
left
their
Lives
behinde
;
Which
here
assembled
shew
themselves
so
well
,
As
though
they
strove
each
other
to
excell
.
'T
is
a
choise
Synod
,
O!
who
would
not
be
Present
,
their
Acts
,
and
Orders
for
to
see
!
Like
Cyrus
Court
with
good
men
't
is
so
stor'd
,
That
wink
and
choose
,
it
will
good
choice
afford
.
Then
since
good
LIVES
are
in
this
Book
so
rife
,
I
make
no
doubt
to
call
't
a
Book
of
Life
.
Jo.
Clark
Fellow
of
Pemb.
Hall
,
Camb.
A
Table
of
the
Names
of
those
persons
whose
Lives
are
contained
in
this
Book
,
according
to
the
several
Centuries
wherein
they
lived
.
Cent.
1
,
and
2.
|
|
pag.
|
IGnatius
|
111
|
1
|
Polycarpus
|
170
|
5
|
Dionysius
Areopagita
|
96
|
10
|
Justin
Martyr
|
139
|
14
|
Irenaeus
|
182
|
21
|
Cent.
3.
|
|
|
Tertullian
|
202
|
25
|
Clemens
Alexand.
flourished
|
196
|
29
|
Origen
|
220
|
31
|
Cyprian
|
259
|
46
|
Cent.
4.
|
|
|
Arnobius
|
330
|
54
|
Eusebius
|
340
|
54
|
Lactantius
|
308
|
57
|
Athanasius
|
375
|
58
|
Hilary
|
355
|
92
|
Cyril
|
365
|
93
|
Cent.
5.
|
|
|
Ephrem
Syrus
|
404
|
95
|
Basil
flourished
|
370
|
98
|
Gregory
Nazianzen
flourished
|
370
|
105
|
Epiphanius
flourished
|
370
|
109
|
Ambrose
|
397
|
112
|
Gregory
Nissen
flourished
|
480
|
119
|
Theodoret
flourished
|
420
|
121
|
Hierom
|
422
|
123
|
Chrysostom
flourished
|
400
|
134
|
Augustine
flourished
|
430
|
146
|
Cyril
of
Alexandria
flourished
|
430
|
162
|
Peter
Chrysologus
flourished
|
440
|
163
|
Prosper
|
466
|
165
|
Cent.
6.
|
|
|
Fulgentius
|
529
|
166
|
Cent.
7.
|
|
|
Gregorius
Magnus
|
605
|
178
|
Isidore
|
675
|
184
|
Beda
|
735
|
185
|
Damascen
|
730
|
187
|
Cent.
8.
|
|
|
Theophylact
flourished
|
880
|
188
|
Cent.
10.
|
|
|
Anselm
flourished
|
1080
|
188
|
Cent.
11.
|
|
|
Nicephorus
|
1110
|
189
|
Bernard
|
1153
|
190
|
Peter
Lombard
flourished
|
1196
|
196
|
Cent.
12.
|
|
|
Alexander
of
Hales
|
1270
|
196
|
Bonaventure
|
1274
|
197
|
Thomas
Aquinas
|
1274
|
199
|
Cent.
13.
|
|
|
Iohn
Wickliff
|
1384
|
201
|
Cent.
14.
|
|
|
Iohn
Huss
|
1415
|
211
|
Hierom
of
Prague
|
1416
|
220
|
Cent.
15.
|
|
|
Martin
Luther
flourished
|
1500
|
224
|
Cent.
16.
|
|
|
Zuinglius
|
1531
|
257
|
Oecolampadius
|
1531
|
269
|
Iohn
Frith
|
1531
|
274
|
Thomas
Bilney
|
1531
|
281
|
William
Tindal
|
1536
|
287
|
Bertholdus
Hallerus
|
1536
|
293
|
Urbanus
Regius
|
1541
|
295
|
Andrew
Bodenstein
Caralostad
.
|
1541
|
299
|
Walfgang
Fabricius
Capito
|
1541
|
302
|
Leo
Iudae
|
1542
|
305
|
George
Spalatinus
|
1545
|
307
|
Frederick
Myconius
|
1546
|
309
|
John
Diazius
|
1546
|
314
|
Gasper
Cruciger
|
1548
|
318
|
Mathias
Zellius
|
15●8
|
321
|
V●●us
Theodorus
|
1549
|
323
|
Paulus
Fagius
|
1550
|
324
|
Martin
Bucer
|
1551
|
327
|
Gasper
Hedio
|
1552
|
333
|
Oswald
Myconius
|
1552
|
335
|
Georg
P.
of
Anhalt
|
1553
|
481
|
Justus
Jonas
|
1555
|
485
|
John
Rogers
|
1555
|
487
|
Laurence
Sanders
|
1555
|
491
|
John
Hooper
|
1555
|
497
|
Rowland
Tailor
|
1555
|
504
|
John
Bradford
|
1555
|
511
|
Nicholas
Ridley
|
1555
|
518
|
Hugh
Latimer
|
1555
|
524
|
John
Philpot
|
1555
|
529
|
Thomas
Cranmer
|
1555
|
536
|
Conradus
Pellican
|
1555
|
551
|
Iohn
Bugenhagius
|
1558
|
555
|
Philip
Melancthon
|
1560
|
561
|
Iohn
a
Lasco
|
1558
|
572
|
Augustine
Marlorat
|
1562
|
575
|
Peter
Martyr
|
1562
|
579
|
Amsdorsius
|
1563
|
597
|
Musculus
|
1563
|
599
|
Hyperius
|
1564
|
610
|
Iohn
Calvin
|
1562
|
615
|
William
Farellus
|
1555
|
671
|
Verge
lus
|
1562
|
676
|
Strigelius
|
1569
|
681
|
Iohn
Brentius
|
1570
|
684
|
Peter
Viretus
|
1571
|
691
|
Iohn
Iuel
|
1571
|
694
|
Zegedine
|
1572
|
702
|
Iohn
Knox
|
1572
|
709
|
Peter
Ramus
|
1572
|
726
|
Mathew
Parker
|
1574
|
729
|
Henry
Bullinger
|
1575
|
731
|
Edward
Deering
|
1576
|
745
|
Flacius
Illericus
|
1575
|
747
|
Iosias
Simler
|
1576
|
749
|
Emanuel
Tremelius
|
1580
|
751
|
Peter
Boquine
|
1582
|
752
|
Edmund
Grindal
|
1583
|
756
|
Bernard
Gilpin
|
1583
|
758
|
Zacharie
Ursin
|
1583
|
766
|
Abraham
Bucholizer
|
1584
|
771
|
Martin
Chemnisius
|
1586
|
776
|
Rodolphus
Gualter
|
1586
|
778
|
Ludovicus
Lavater
|
1586
|
779
|
Gaspar
Olevian
|
1587
|
780
|
Iohn
Wigandus
|
1587
|
785
|
Iohn
Fox
|
1587
|
789
|
George
Sohnius
|
1589
|
796
|
Laurence
Humfreid
|
1589
|
799
|
Iames
Andreas
|
1590
|
800
|
Hierom
Zanchius
|
1590
|
804
|
Anthony
Sadeel
|
1591
|
808
|
William
Whitaker
|
1595
|
813
|
Lambert
Danaeus
|
1596
|
821
|
Robert
Rollock
|
1598
|
823
|
Nicholas
Hemingius
|
1600
|
829
|
Iames
Heerbrand
|
1600
|
831
|
David
Chytraeus
|
1600
|
835
|
Cent.
17.
|
|
|
Alexander
Nowel
|
1601
|
839
|
Daniel
Tossanus
|
1602
|
841
|
William
Perkins
|
1602
|
850
|
Francis
Iunius
|
1602
|
854
|
Luke
Trelcatius
|
1602
|
860
|
Iohn
Whitgift
|
1603
|
862
|
Theodore
Beza
|
1605
|
865
|
Iohn
Rainolds
|
1607
|
887
|
Ioseph
Scaliger
|
1609
|
889
|
Amandus
Polanus
|
1610
|
891
|
Thomas
Holland
|
1612
|
892
|
Iohn
Drusius
|
1616
|
894
|
Iohn
Iames
Grynaeus
|
1617
|
895
|
Robert
Abbat
|
1618
|
901
|
William
Cowper
|
1619
|
902
|
Andrew
Willet
|
1621
|
908
|
David
Pareus
|
1622
|
913
|
Thomas
Erpenius
|
1624
|
918
|
Abraham
Scultecus
|
1624
|
920
|
Iohn
Piscator
|
1625
|
922
|
Robert
Bolton
|
1631
|
923
|
William
Whately
|
1639
|
929
|
Anthony
Wallaeus
|
1639
|
935
|
Henry
Altingius
|
1644
|
986
|
Friderick
Spanhemius
|
1649
|
997
|
A
Table
of
the
persons
whose
Lives
are
contained
in
this
Book
,
set
down
Alphabetically
.
A
-
ABbat
pag.
901
-
Alexander
of
Hales
196
-
Altingius
986
-
Ambrose
112
-
Ampsdorsius
597
-
Andraeas
800
-
Anselm
188
-
Aquinas
199
-
Arnobius
54
-
Athanasius
58
-
Augustinus
146
B
-
Basil
98
-
Beda
185
-
Bernard
pag.
190
-
Beza
865
-
Bilney
281
-
Bolton
923
-
Bonaventure
197
-
Boquinus
752
-
Bradford
511
-
Brentius
684
-
Bucer
327
-
Bucholtzer
771
-
Bugenhage
555
-
Bullinger
731
C
-
Calvin
615
-
Capito
302
-
Caralostadius
299
-
Chemnisius
776
-
Chrysologus
163
-
Chrysostom
134
-
Chytraeus
835
-
Clemens
Alexandrinus
29
-
Cowper
902
-
Cranmer
536
-
Cruciger
318
-
Cyprian
46
-
Cyril
93
-
Cyril
of
Alexandria
162
D
-
Damascen
187
-
Danaeus
821
-
Deering
745
-
Dionysius
Areopagita
10
-
Diazius
314
-
Drusius
894
E
-
Ephrem
Syrus
95
-
Epiphanius
109
-
Erpenius
918
-
Eusebius
54
F
-
Fagius
324
-
Farellus
671
-
Flacius
Illyricus
747
-
Fox
789
-
Frith
274
-
Fulgentius
166
G
-
George
Prince
of
Anhalt
481
-
Gilpin
758
-
Gregory
Nazianzen
105
-
Gregory
Nyssen
119
-
Gregorius
Magnus
178
-
Grindal
756
-
Grinaeus
895
-
Gualter
778
H
-
Hallerus
293
-
Hedio
333
-
Heerbrand
831
-
Hemingius
829
-
Hillary
92
-
Hierom
123
-
Hierom
of
Prague
220
-
Holland
892
-
Hooper
497
-
Humphred
799
-
Huss
211
-
Hyperius
610
I
-
Ignatius
1
-
Jonas
485
-
Irenaeus
21
-
Isydore
184
-
Juell
694
-
Junius
854
-
Justin
Martyr
14
K
-
Knox
709
L
-
Lactantius
57
-
Lascus
572
-
Latimer
524
-
Lavater
779
-
Leo
Judae
305
-
Lombard
196
-
Luther
224
M
-
Marlorat
575
-
P.
Martyr
579
-
Melancthon
561
-
Musculus
599
-
F.
Myconius
309
-
O.
Myconius
335
N
-
Nicephorus
189
-
Nowell
839
O
-
Oecolampadius
269
-
Olerian
780
-
Origen
31
P
-
Paraeus
913
-
Parker
729
-
Pelican
551
-
Perkins
850
-
Philpot
529
-
Piscator
922
-
Polanus
891
-
Polycarpus
5
-
Prosper
165
R
-
Rainolds
887
-
Ramus
726
-
U.
Regius
295
-
Ridley
518
-
Rogers
487
-
Rollock
823
S
-
Sadeel
808
-
Sanders
491
-
Scaliger
889
-
Scultetus
920
-
Simler
749
-
Sohnius
796
-
Spalatinus
307
-
Spahemius
997
-
Strigelius
681
T
-
Tailor
504
-
Tertullian
25
-
Theodoret
121
-
U.
Theodorus
323
-
Theophylact
188
-
Tindal
287
-
Tossanus
841
-
Trelcatius
860
-
Tremelius
751
U
-
Vergerius
676
-
Viretus
691
-
Ursin
766
W
-
Wallaeus
929
-
Whately
935
-
Whitaker
813
-
Whitgift
862
-
Wickliff
201
-
Wigandus
785
-
Willet
908
Z
-
Zanchy
804
-
Zegedine
702
-
Zellius
321
-
Zuinglius
257
IF
to
the●●
two
Parts
of
Lives
the
Reader
shall
please
to
add
the
two
Martyrologies
lately
published
by
this
Author
,
he
may
finde
a
Compendium
of
the
History
of
the
Church
from
the
beginning
of
the
World
,
especially
from
the
Apostles
times
to
our
present
Age
;
together
with
the
various
dispensations
of
God
towards
the
same
.
In
this
first
Part
,
besides
what
was
remarkable
in
the
Lives
and
Deaths
of
these
Worthies
,
he
may
finde
the
Rise
,
Reign
,
and
Ruine
of
most
of
the
Hereticks
and
Heresies
which
have
molested
the
Peace
of
the
Church
from
Christs
to
our
present
times
:
In
the
Second
Part
,
he
may
see
what
eminent
Emperours
,
Kings
,
and
Princes
God
hath
raised
up
in
sundry
Ages
and
Places
,
for
the
defence
of
the
Church
and
Gospel
of
Christ
Jesus
:
In
the
two
Martyrologies
he
may
finde
the
Torments
and
Triumphs
,
the
Conflicts
and
Conquests
of
the
Worthies
of
Christ
in
all
places
where
the
Gospel
hath
come
,
who
have
found
that
Scripture
fulfilled
upon
themselves
,
2
Tim.
3.
12.
All
that
will
live
godly
in
Christ
Iesus
shall
suffer
Persecution
.
There
is
also
now
coming
forth
the
second
Impression
of
his
Mirror
,
or
Looking-glass
,
much
enlarged
,
containing
almost
all
the
Heads
in
Divinity
,
together
with
the
Texts
of
Scripture
concerning
them
:
And
under
each
,
first
Scriptural
Examples
,
and
then
Examples
out
of
the
best
approved
Authors
,
both
Sacred
and
Profane
.
READER
,
I
Pray
thee
correct
these
few
faults
with
thy
pen
,
and
for
other
mistakes
of
the
Printer
in
Letters
or
Points
,
they
are
easily
discerned
and
amended
.
Page
88.
line
5.
read
valiant
for
violent
,
p.
260.
l.
7.
r.
wives
for
ways
,
p.
262.
l.
17.
r.
that
by
for
with
,
p.
481.
l.
ult.
r.
lyes
for
evils
,
p.
538.
l.
13.
r.
years
for
days
,
p.
612.
l.
19.
r.
whence
for
which
,
p.
693.
l.
1.
r.
verbo
for
verbi
,
p.
725.
l.
12.
r.
conciones
for
consciones
.
Mend
the
figures
in
the
pages
from
900
to
910.
The
Lives
of
the
FATHERS
AND
OTHER
Learned
and
famous
DIVINES
,
from
Christ's
Time
to
this
present
Age.
IGNATIVS
The
Life
of
Ignatius
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
111.
IGnatius
saw
Christ
in
the
flesh
,
being
about
12
years
old
at
his
Crucifixion
:
The
occasion
of
his
apprehension
was
this
,
Trajan
returning
from
the
Parthian
war
,
commanded
gratulatory
sacrifices
to
be
offered
in
every
City
;
and
himself
comming
to
Antioch
,
Ignatius
was
required
to
be
present
at
those
Sacrifices
;
His
courage
but
he
before
Trajans
face
did
justly
and
sharply
reprove
their
Idolatry
,
for
which
cause
he
was
delivered
to
ten
Souldiers
to
be
carried
to
Rome
.
He
was
Pastor
at
the
Church
at
Antioch
next
after
the
Apostle
Peter
.
As
he
passed
through
Asia
strictly
guarded
with
that
troop
of
Souldiers
,
His
zeal
.
he
confirmed
the
Congregations
through
every
City
where
he
came
,
Preaching
the
Word
of
God
to
them
,
and
giving
them
wholsome
exhortations
;
especially
charging
them
to
avoid
the
heresies
lately
sprung
up
,
and
at
that
time
overflowing
the
Church
:
Requiring
them
stedfastly
to
cleave
to
the
Traditions
of
the
Apostles
,
and
to
their
Doctrine
.
When
he
came
to
Smy●na
where
Polycarp
was
Bishop
,
he
wrote
an
Epistle
to
the
Church
at
Ephesus
,
making
mention
of
Onesimus
their
Pastor
;
and
another
he
wrote
to
the
Church
of
Magnesia
on
the
River
Meander
,
wherein
he
forgetteth
not
Doema
their
Bishop
:
Another
he
wrote
to
the
Church
at
Trallis
whose
Pastor
at
that
time
he
mentioneth
to
be
Polybius
,
to
which
Epistle
he
prefixed
an
exhortation
to
them
not
to
refuse
Martyrdom
,
least
thereby
they
should
lose
the
hope
that
was
laid
up
for
them
:
His
sufferings
.
For
which
end
he
useth
these
expressions
,
From
Syria
saith
he
,
even
till
I
came
to
Rome
,
I
had
a
battel
with
Beasts
,
as
well
by
Sea
as
by
Land
,
night
and
day
,
being
bound
amongst
ten
cruel
Leopards
,
(
so
he
called
the
10
souldiers
that
guarded
him
)
which
,
the
more
benefits
they
received
at
my
hands
,
became
so
much
the
worse
to
me
:
His
patience
.
But
I
being
exercised
,
and
now
well
acquainted
with
their
injuries
,
am
taught
every
day
more
and
more
to
bear
the
Cross
,
yet
hereby
am
I
not
justified
.
Would
to
God
I
were
once
come
to
the
Beasts
that
are
prepared
for
me
,
which
I
wish
also
to
fall
upon
me
with
all
their
violence
:
whom
also
I
will
provoke
,
that
without
delay
they
may
devour
me
,
and
not
abstain
from
me
,
as
they
have
from
some
others
whom
for
fear
they
have
left
untouched
:
and
if
they
be
unwilling
to
it
,
I
will
compel
them
to
fall
upon
me
:
Pardon
me
I
pray
,
I
know
well
how
much
this
will
avail
me
.
Now
do
I
begin
to
be
a
Disciple
of
my
Master
Christ
,
His
invincible
courage
.
I
neither
regard
things
visible
,
nor
invisible
,
so
I
may
gain
Christ
,
Ignis
,
crux
,
bestiarum
conflictationes
,
ossium
destractiones
,
&c.
i.
e.
Let
Fire
,
Cross
,
breaking
of
my
bones
,
quartering
of
my
members
,
crushing
my
body
,
and
all
the
torments
that
man
and
the
Divel
can
invent
fall
upon
me
,
so
I
may
enjoy
my
Lord
Jesus
Christ
,
&c.
Writing
to
Polycarp
,
whom
he
knew
to
be
a
holy
man
,
A
faithful
Pastor
.
he
commends
to
him
the
Congregation
at
Antioch
,
praying
him
to
be
careful
of
the
business
there
,
and
especially
for
the
election
of
a
godly
Bishop
in
his
room
,
thereby
proving
himself
to
be
a
sincere
and
right
Pastor
,
taking
such
care
of
his
flock
,
not
only
whilest
he
lived
,
but
even
after
his
death
.
When
his
Martyrdom
approached
,
he
said
,
Frumentum
Dei
sum
;
dentibus
ferarum
molar
,
&
mundus
Dei
panis
inveniar
:
I
am
God's
corn
;
when
the
wilde
beasts
have
ground
me
to
powder
with
their
teeth
,
I
shall
be
his
white-bread
.
His
humility
.
He
was
so
humble
,
that
he
disdained
not
to
learn
of
any
:
He
suffered
Martyrdom
the
eleventh
year
of
Trajan
at
Rome
,
Anno
Christi
,
III.
His
usual
saying
was
A
,
mor
meus
crucifixus
est
:
His
sayings
.
My
Love
is
crucified
,
meaning
either
Christ
the
Object
of
his
love
:
or
that
his
affections
were
crucified
to
the
world
,
as
Gal.
6.
14.
Nicephorus
reports
that
when
Ignatius
was
a
child
,
our
Saviour
would
take
him
up
in
his
arm
,
and
shew
him
to
his
Disciples
.
It
may
be
he
was
one
of
those
little
children
that
were
brought
to
Christ
that
he
should
touch
them
;
or
that
little
child
whom
Jesus
took
,
and
set
in
the
midst
of
his
Disciples
to
learn
them
humility
:
He
saw
Christ
after
his
Resurrection
,
as
himself
writes
in
one
of
his
Epistles
,
He
saw
Christ
in
the
fl●sh
.
Ego
vero
,
&
post
resurrectionem
in
carne
eum
vidi
&c.
Truly
I
did
see
him
after
his
Resurrection
in
the
flesh
;
and
do
beleive
that
it
is
he
,
&c.
He
used
to
say
,
Nihil
praestantius
est
pace
bonae
conscientiae
:
that
there
is
nothing
better
then
the
peace
of
a
good
conscience
.
That
good
and
wicked
men
are
like
true
and
counterfeit
mony
,
the
ones
seems
to
be
good
,
and
is
not
,
the
other
both
seems
and
is
good
.
That
the
Lyons
teeth
are
but
like
a
●●ll
,
Which
though
it
bruiseth
,
yet
wasteth
not
the
good
Wheat
,
only
prepares
and
fits
it
to
be
made
pure
Bread
:
Let
me
(
saith
he
)
be
broken
by
them
,
so
I
may
be
made
pure
Manchet
for
Heaven
.
Parents
ought
to
afford
these
three
things
to
their
children
;
Parents
duty
.
Correction
,
Admonition
,
and
Instruction
,
both
in
humane
Arts
,
and
Gods
Word
:
all
which
preserves
them
from
idleness
and
folly
,
gives
them
Wisdom
,
and
learns
them
subjection
and
obedience
to
their
Superiours
.
Other
Graces
are
but
parts
of
a
Christians
armour
:
as
the
shield
of
Faith
,
the
sword
of
the
Spirit
,
&c.
But
Patience
is
the
Panoply
or
whole
Armour
of
the
man
of
God
:
The
enemy
foils
us
without
it
:
but
we
foil
him
by
it
.
Grace
slowing
from
the
blessed
Spirit
of
God
,
makes
the
Soul
like
a
Fountain
whose
water
is
pure
,
wholesom
and
clear
:
For
Grace
beautifies
,
cleanseth
,
and
so
saveth
the
whole
man
.
He
wrote
divers
Epistles
:
His
works
,
To
St.
John
:
To
the
Ephesians
:
To
the
Magnesians
:
To
the
Trallians
:
To
the
Romanes
:
To
the
Philadelphians
:
To
Polycarp
,
&c.
Concerning
which
the
learned
Scultetus
saith
:
Inter
dubia
&
incerta
numero
Epistolas
Ignatii
,
&
Polycarpi
.
Nondum
enim
inter
Orthodoxos
convenit
sintne
Epistolae
istae
celeberrimorum
Martyrum
Ignatii
&
Polycarpi
,
an
aliorum
:
For
which
he
gives
his
reasons
.
POLYCARPVS
The
Life
of
Polycarp
,
who
dyed
Anno
Chr.
170
POlycarpus
was
Disciple
to
S
John
,
and
Bishop
of
Smyrna
:
he
going
with
S.
John
to
a
Bath
at
Ephosus
,
and
espying
Cerinthus
the
Heretick
in
it
,
said
,
Fugiamus
ocyùs
,
&c.
His
zeal
against
Hereticks
.
Let
us
depart
speedily
,
for
fear
least
the
Bath
wherein
the
Lord's
adversary
is
,
do
fall
upon
us
:
as
one
of
the
Fathers
made
haste
out
of
the
house
of
a
wicked
man
,
which
soon
after
fell
to
the
ground
.
Gods
judgement
against
Hereticks
.
The
History
of
his
Martyrdom
is
excellently
set
forth
in
an
Epistle
written
by
his
own
Church
at
Smyrna
,
The
History
of
his
Martyrdom
.
to
the
Brethren
of
Pontus
,
out
of
which
,
so
much
as
concerns
this
matter
,
I
shall
transcribe
.
The
Congregation
which
is
at
Smyrna
,
to
the
Congregation
which
is
at
Philomilium
,
and
to
all
the
Congregations
throughout
Pontus
;
mercy
to
you
,
peace
,
and
the
love
of
God
the
Father
,
and
of
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
be
multiplyed
,
Amen
.
We
have
written
unto
you
(
Brethren
)
of
those
men
which
have
suffered
Martyrdom
;
and
particularly
of
blessed
Polycarp
,
who
by
sheding
his
blood
,
hath
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
put
an
end
to
this
persecution
,
the
manner
whereof
we
shall
now
relate
to
you
:
This
holy
man
hearing
of
the
cruel
persecution
abroad
,
was
therewith
nothing
terrified
,
but
retained
the
inmovable
tranquility
of
his
minde
,
His
courage
.
and
continued
still
in
the
City
,
till
at
length
he
was
perswaded
through
the
importunity
of
his
friends
,
His
slight
.
to
betake
himself
to
a
certain
Farm-place
,
not
far
from
the
City
:
where
he
remained
with
a
few
,
exercising
himself
night
and
day
in
prayer
,
making
humble
supplications
,
as
his
usual
manner
was
,
for
the
peace
,
and
tranquility
of
all
the
Churches
in
the
world
.
Having
been
in
prayer
,
three
days
before
his
apprehension
,
and
now
faln
asleep
,
he
saw
in
a
Vision
by
night
the
pillow
under
his
head
set
on
fire
,
and
suddenly
consumed
to
ashes
,
His
vision
foretelling
his
Martyrdom
.
which
when
he
awaked
,
he
interpreted
to
them
that
were
present
,
to
fore-signifie
that
his
life
was
neer
an
end
,
and
that
his
body
should
be
Burned
for
the
testimony
of
Christ
.
When
the
Searchers
were
now
at
hand
,
and
all
the
people
cryed
out
,
Quaeratur
Polycarpus
:
Let
us
search
out
Polycarp
;
at
the
earnest
entreaty
of
his
friends
,
he
removed
to
another
Village
,
unto
which
the
Searchers
coming
,
caught
two
boys
,
and
scourged
them
till
one
of
them
confessed
and
led
them
to
Polycarps
lodging
:
Yet
might
he
easily
have
escaped
;
Hight
refused
.
but
he
would
not
,
saying
,
the
will
of
the
Lord
be
fulfilled
:
and
so
coming
to
them
,
he
communed
with
them
very
cheerfully
,
so
that
it
was
wonderful
to
see
;
those
which
a
little
before
knew
not
the
man
,
now
beholding
and
viewing
his
comey
age
,
and
his
grave
and
constant
countenance
,
lamented
that
they
had
so
imployed
themselves
for
the
apprehension
of
so
worthy
a
person
:
He
seasts
his
persecutors
.
But
he
on
the
contrary
commanded
that
the
table
should
be
presently
spred
for
them
,
intreating
them
to
eat
,
and
dine
well
,
requesting
but
one
hours
space
to
make
his
prayers
unto
God
in
,
which
they
assenting
to
,
he
arose
,
and
went
to
prayer
,
and
being
replenished
with
the
grace
of
God
,
he
so
poured
out
his
soul
,
that
all
that
heard
him
praying
,
were
astonished
at
it
,
yea
many
of
his
enemies
were
sorry
that
so
holy
,
honest
,
and
aged
a
man
should
be
put
to
death
.
The
hour
being
now
come
wherein
he
was
to
set
forwards
,
they
set
him
upon
an
Ass
,
and
brought
him
to
the
City
of
Smyrna
upon
a
solemn
Feast
day
,
and
there
met
him
Herod
the
Justice
of
Peace
,
and
his
Father
Nicetes
,
who
receiving
him
into
their
Chariot
,
His
tentations
.
said
unto
him
,
What
harm
is
it
to
say
,
Lord
Caesar
,
to
sacrifice
,
and
so
to
be
saved
?
At
first
he
answered
nothing
,
but
when
again
they
urged
him
,
he
said
,
I
will
not
do
according
to
your
counsel
:
They
perceiving
that
he
would
not
be
perswaded
,
gave
him
very
rough
language
,
and
at
last
tumbled
him
out
of
their
Chariot
,
Cruely
.
whereby
he
brake
his
shins
:
But
he
,
as
though
he
had
received
no
injury
,
nor
hurt
at
all
,
went
bolt
upright
,
cheerfully
and
apace
towards
the
Theater
:
And
being
come
thither
,
a
voice
came
down
from
Heaven
(
though
by
reason
of
the
great
tumult
few
heard
it
)
Be
of
good
cheer
,
O
Polycarp
,
and
play
the
man
:
He
is
encouraged
from
Heaven
.
The
speaker
no
man
saw
,
but
the
voice
was
heard
by
many
of
us
.
The
multitude
was
in
a
rage
,
and
the
Proconsul
demanded
of
him
whether
he
were
that
Polycarp
?
yet
withal
beckoning
to
him
to
deny
it
,
His
tentations
.
said
,
Have
respect
unto
thine
age
:
tender
thy self
:
swear
by
the
Fortune
of
Caesar
:
Repent
of
what
is
past
,
and
say
,
Remove
the
wicked
.
But
Polycarp
looking
about
upon
the
multitude
with
a
stedfast
countenance
,
and
casting
up
his
eyes
towards
Heaven
,
His
courage
.
said
,
Remove
O
Lord
these
wicked
.
Yet
the
Proconsul
urged
him
again
,
saying
,
Swear
,
and
I
will
let
thee
go
:
Blaspheme
,
and
defie
Christ
,
and
thou
shalt
be
safe
:
To
whom
Polycarp
answered
,
Octoginta
sex
annos
illijam
inservivi
&c.
An
excellent
speech
.
Fourscore
,
and
six
years
have
I
served
Christ
,
neither
hath
he
ever
offended
me
in
any
thing
,
and
how
then
can
I
revile
my
King
that
hath
thus
kept
me
?
The
Proconsul
still
urged
,
and
said
,
Swear
by
the
Fortune
of
Caesar
;
His
invincible
courage
.
Polycarp
replyed
,
If
thou
requirest
of
me
this
vain
glory
,
that
I
should
protest
the
Fortune
of
Caesar
,
pretending
that
thou
knowest
not
what
I
am
?
Know
then
that
I
am
a
Christian
:
And
if
thou
desirest
to
know
the
Doctrine
of
Christianity
,
appoint
a
day
,
and
thou
shalt
hear
it
.
Perswade
the
people
unto
this
,
said
the
Proconsul
.
Truly
said
Polycarp
,
I
thought
it
my
part
to
make
this
tender
unto
you
,
Because
we
are
commanded
of
God
to
give
unto
Governours
and
Powers
whom
he
hath
ordained
,
the
honour
,
and
obedience
which
is
due
unto
them
,
and
not
hurtful
unto
us
:
but
as
for
these
people
,
I
deem
them
not
competent
judges
,
and
therefore
will
not
purge
my self
before
them
:
Then
said
the
Proconsul
,
I
have
wild
Beasts
to
devour
thee
,
unless
thou
repent
.
He
fears
not
threatnings
.
Polycarp
answered
,
Bring
them
forth
:
for
we
have
determined
with
our selves
not
to
repent
,
nor
to
turn
from
the
better
to
the
worse
:
It
s
more
convenient
for
you
to
turn
from
evill
to
that
which
is
good
,
and
just
.
I
will
,
said
the
Proconsul
,
tame
thee
with
fire
,
if
thou
set
naught
by
the
wild
Beasts
,
and
wilt
not
repent
:
To
which
Polycarp
answered
,
you
threaten
me
with
sire
which
shall
last
but
an
hour
,
and
is
quickly
quenched
;
but
thou
art
ignorant
of
the
everlasting
fire
at
the
Day
of
Judgment
,
and
of
those
endless
torments
which
are
reserved
for
the
wicked
.
But
why
make
you
all
these
delays
?
appoint
me
to
what
death
you
please
.
Whilest
he
spake
these
things
,
he
was
replenished
with
joy
,
and
boldness
,
and
his
countenance
appeared
so
full
of
grace
,
and
gravity
,
that
it
was
evident
,
that
he
was
nothing
troubled
with
the
cruel
threats
of
the
Proconsul
:
but
on
the
contrary
the
Proconsul
himself
began
to
be
amazed
,
and
sent
for
the
Cryer
,
commanding
him
in
the
midst
of
the
Theater
to
cry
three
times
:
Polycarp
hath
confessed
himself
to
be
a
Christian
.
Hereupon
the
multitude
both
of
Jews
,
and
Gentiles
,
inhabiting
Smyrna
cryed
out
in
a
great
rage
,
The
Iews
and
Gentiles
rage
against
him
.
Iste
Asiae
Doctor
,
&c.
This
is
that
Doctor
of
Asia
,
the
Father
of
the
Christians
,
the
Overthrower
of
our
gods
,
who
hath
taught
many
that
our
gods
are
not
to
be
adored
:
and
thereupon
they
cryed
to
the
Proconsul
,
that
a
Lyon
might
be
let
loose
to
devour
him
:
But
he
told
them
that
he
might
not
do
it
,
for
that
the
game
of
Beasts
was
now
finished
:
Then
they
cryed
with
one
voice
that
Polycarp
should
be
burned
alive
:
To
which
when
the
Proconsul
had
assented
,
the
multitude
forthwith
carryed
logs
,
and
wood
out
of
their
Shops
and
Booths
;
especially
the
Jews
,
after
their
wonted
manner
,
were
very
forward
herein
.
The
pile
being
prepared
,
Polycarp
put
off
his
apparrel
,
the
faithful
assisting
,
and
contending
amongst
themselves
who
should
touch
his
body
at
his
farewell
:
Being
thus
made
ready
,
when
they
would
have
nailed
him
to
the
stake
,
He
〈◊〉
to
be
nailed
to
the
stake
.
he
said
;
Nay
suffer
me
even
as
I
am
:
for
he
that
,
hath
given
me
strength
to
come
to
this
fire
,
will
also
give
me
patience
to
persevere
therein
without
your
fastning
of
my
body
with
nails
;
Then
they
bound
his
hands
behind
him
,
which
done
,
His
Prayer
.
he
prayed
thus
.
O
Father
of
thy
Wel.
Beloved
and
blessed
Son
Jesus
Christ
,
through
whom
we
have
known
thee
,
O
God
of
Angels
,
Powers
,
and
of
every
living
creature
,
and
of
just
men
which
live
in
thy
presence
:
I
thank
thee
that
thou
hast
graciously
vouchsafed
this
day
,
and
this
hour
to
allot
me
a
portions
amongst
the
number
of
Martyrs
,
to
drink
of
the
Cup
of
Christ
,
unto
the
Resurrection
of
everlasting
life
,
both
of
Body
and
Soul
,
through
the
operation
of
the
Holy
Spirit
,
amongst
whom
I
shall
this
day
be
received
into
thy
sight
for
an
acceptable
Sacrifice
;
And
as
thou
hast
prepared
,
and
revealed
this
before
hand
,
so
thou
hast
now
accomplished
and
fulfilled
the
same
,
O
thou
most
true
God
,
which
canst
not
lye
;
wherefore
for
all
these
things
I
praise
thee
,
I
bless
thee
,
I
glorifie
thee
,
through
the
everlasting
Bishop
and
Shepherd
of
our
Souls
Christ
Jesus
:
to
whom
with
thee
,
and
the
Holy
Ghost
be
all
Honour
,
and
Glory
,
world
without
end
:
Amen
.
Having
ended
his
Prayer
,
the
tormentors
kindled
the
fire
.
The
fire
will
not
burn
him
.
The
flame
vehemently
flashed
about
;
which
was
terrible
to
the
beholders
:
But
the
flame
framing
it self
after
the
manner
of
a
vault
,
or
sail
of
a
Ship
,
with
the
blustering
blasts
of
wind
,
touched
not
the
holy
Martyrs
Body
,
which
sent
forth
a
fragrant
,
and
sweet
smell
like
unto
Frankincense
,
or
such
like
pretious
Perfume
:
But
the
cruel
Persecutors
perceiving
that
the
fire
touched
not
his
body
,
called
for
a
tormentor
,
charging
him
to
thrust
him
into
the
side
with
a
spear
;
which
being
done
,
there
issued
our
such
abundance
of
blood
as
quenched
the
fire
,
He
is
slain
.
to
the
great
astonishment
of
the
beholders
.
Then
did
the
Jews
stir
up
Nicetes
the
Father
of
Herod
,
and
his
Brother
Dalces
to
move
the
Proconsul
,
The
Iews
malice
.
that
his
body
might
not
be
delivered
to
the
Christians
;
least
(
say
they
)
leaving
Christ
,
they
fall
to
worship
him
:
This
they
said
through
their
ignorance
,
not
knowing
that
we
can
never
forsake
Christ
,
which
dyed
for
our
Salvation
,
to
worship
any
other
.
For
we
worship
Christ
as
the
Son
of
God
:
the
Martyrs
we
love
as
the
Disciples
,
and
followers
of
the
Lord
,
and
that
worthily
,
for
the
invincible
love
which
they
bear
to
their
King
and
Master
,
&c.
His
body
burned
.
Hereupon
the
Proconsul
caused
his
body
(
to
satisfie
the
Jews
)
to
be
laid
upon
a
pile
of
wood
,
and
burned
.
Irenaeus
being
young
,
was
acquainted
with
him
,
and
writeth
of
him
,
that
Anicetus
being
Bishop
of
Rome
,
Polycarp
went
thither
,
and
questioned
with
him
about
the
celebration
of
Easter
.
He
saith
also
,
that
there
is
extant
an
Epistle
of
Polycarps
unto
the
Philippians
,
very
profitable
for
such
as
are
careful
for
their
Salvation
:
where
they
may
know
the
true
character
of
Faith
,
and
the
right
rule
of
Doctrine
.
It
is
said
of
him
,
that
he
was
testis
fidelis
,
constansque
veritatis
:
A
faithful
and
constant
witness
to
the
Truth
:
Nay
,
by
his
Wisdom
,
Zeal
,
and
Piety
,
he
recalled
many
from
Heresies
,
and
Errors
He
so
detested
Hereticks
,
that
when
Marcion
(
of
his
former
acquaintance
)
met
him
at
Rome
,
and
wondering
that
he
took
no
notice
of
him
,
said
,
Dost
thou
not
know
me
Polycarp
?
Yea
,
said
he
,
I
know
thee
wel
,
thou
art
the
eldest
son
to
the
Divel
.
His
manner
was
to
stop
his
ears
if
at
any
time
he
heard
the
wicked
speeches
of
Hereticks
,
His
zeal
against
Heresies
.
and
to
shun
those
very
places
where
such
speeches
had
been
uttered
.
He
suffered
Martyrdom
in
the
seventh
year
of
Verus
,
Anno
Christi
,
170.
of
his
Age
86.
In
the
midst
of
the
flames
he
made
this
excellent
Prayer
.
His
prayer
in
the
fire
.
O
God
the
Father
of
thy
Beloved
Son
Jesus
Christ
,
through
whom
we
have
received
the
knowledge
of
thee
:
O
God
the
Creator
of
all
things
,
upon
thee
I
call
,
thee
I
confess
to
be
the
true
God
:
Thee
I
glorifie
.
O
Lord
receive
me
,
and
make
me
a
companion
of
the
resurrection
of
thy
Saints
,
through
the
merits
of
our
great
High
Priest
,
thy
Beloved
Son
Jesus
Christ
;
to
whom
with
the
Father
and
God
the
Holy
Ghost
be
honour
,
and
glory
for
ever
,
Amen
.
He
was
a
Bishop
about
63
years
.
Herom
writing
of
him
,
saith
,
that
he
was
in
great
esteem
through
all
Asia
,
for
that
he
was
Scholar
to
the
Apostles
,
and
to
them
that
did
see
and
were
conversant
with
Christ
himself
;
and
therefore
his
authority
was
of
great
credit
,
not
only
with
his
own
Church
,
but
with
all
other
Churches
about
him
.
There
is
extant
an
Epistle
of
his
to
the
Philippians
,
His
works
.
but
Scultetus
judgeth
it
spurious
.
The
Life
of
Dionysius
Areopagita
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
96.
DIonysius
Areopagita
was
born
at
Athens
of
eminent
Parents
,
His
Parentage
and
education
.
he
was
very
studious
:
He
travelled
into
Egypt
to
get
skill
in
Astronomie
:
At
the
age
of
25
years
at
Heliopolis
,
whilest
he
lived
with
Apollophanes
the
Philosopher
,
he
saw
that
general
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
at
our
Saviours
passion
,
and
as
one
amazed
,
said
,
Aut
Deus
naturae
patitur
,
His
speech
at
Christs
death
.
aut
mundi
machina
dissolvetur
:
Either
the
God
of
Nature
now
suffers
,
or
the
frame
of
the
World
shall
be
dissolved
:
And
to
another
,
Ignotus
in
carne
patitur
Deus
,
&c.
God
,
unknown
in
the
flesh
,
doth
suffer
,
for
whose
sake
the
Universe
is
covered
with
this
thick
darkness
.
Saint
Paul
coming
to
Athens
,
Act.
17.
and
espying
an
Altar
there
with
this
inscription
,
Ignoto
Deo
,
took
occasion
from
thence
to
Preach
of
the
true
God
,
of
the
Resurrection
,
and
Judgement
to
come
:
whereupon
by
the
great
Philosophers
of
that
City
,
he
was
accounted
a
wicked
,
and
sacrilegious
person
,
for
which
he
was
carryed
by
them
to
Mars
his
hill
,
where
the
Court
of
the
Areopagites
sat
which
was
the
chiefest
Judicatory
in
that
City
:
But
before
those
Judges
he
preached
with
such
Divine
eloquence
,
and
forcible
arguments
,
that
through
Gods
mercy
he
converted
this
Dionysius
,
the
chief
President
of
the
Judges
,
D●onysius
converted
.
with
Damaris
his
wife
,
who
used
Paul
very
courteously
,
and
were
instructed
by
him
in
the
knowledg
of
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
.
At
which
the
whole
City
was
much
amazed
:
for
all
men
accounted
Dionysius
a
very
wise
and
judicious
man
;
But
now
he
was
not
ashamed
of
a
Master
to
become
a
Scholar
:
so
that
within
3
years
space
,
he
became
an
admirable
instrument
to
propagate
the
Gospel
of
our
Saviour
Jesus
Christ
.
He
is
made
Pastor
at
Athens
.
Then
was
he
by
Paul
ordained
Pastor
of
the
Church
at
Athens
,
where
for
a
good
while
he
preached
the
Word
of
God
with
great
wisdom
,
zeal
and
diligence
;
and
as
a
wife
Harvest-man
brought
in
many
Sheaves
of
Corn
into
Gods
Barn
.
Afterwards
he
went
to
Ephesus
to
visit
S.
John
,
and
S.
Paul
:
by
whose
perswasion
(
leaving
one
Publius
to
look
to
his
flock
at
Athens
)
he
went
to
Rome
,
He
goes
to
Rome
.
at
which
time
Clemens
governed
that
Church
.
And
into
France
.
And
having
conversed
a
while
with
Clemens
,
he
intreated
him
to
go
into
France
to
preach
the
Gospel
there
,
and
to
give
knowledge
of
Salvation
to
that
Nation
:
This
he
willingly
undertook
;
and
judging
Paris
to
be
the
fittest
place
to
reside
in
,
he
so
laboured
amongst
them
,
that
in
a
short
space
,
through
Gods
blessing
,
The
success
of
his
Ministry
.
he
brought
many
Sheep
into
the
fold
of
Christ
,
and
that
not
only
of
the
meaner
sort
,
but
many
Rich
,
Noble
,
and
Great
Persons
,
who
overthrowing
the
Temples
of
their
false
gods
,
erected
new
places
for
the
service
of
the
true
God
.
But
this
progress
of
the
Gospel
being
envied
by
Satan
,
Satans
mallice
the
enemie
of
Christs
Church
:
he
stirred
up
the
Idolatrous
Priests
,
who
suborned
many
to
dispatch
Dionysius
:
Gods
mercy
.
but
there
was
such
a
gracious
lustre
,
and
radiancy
in
his
countenance
,
that
when
they
beheld
him
,
some
of
their
hearts
failed
them
:
others
were
so
affrighted
,
that
they
fled
away
.
Shortly
after
,
Sisinius
the
Praefect
gave
command
that
Dionysius
,
with
his
fellows
,
His
apprehension
.
should
be
apprehended
;
and
when
he
was
brought
before
him
,
he
sharply
reproved
him
,
for
that
he
had
preached
against
the
Worship
of
their
gods
,
who
,
by
reason
of
his
Sermons
,
had
lost
their
former
honour
and
esteem
:
He
therefore
required
him
to
confess
his
error
,
and
to
stop
up
that
breach
which
he
had
made
,
leaving
off
those
novelties
,
and
unheard
of
Doctrines
,
that
by
his
recantation
the
people
might
see
how
vainly
they
had
been
seduced
,
and
so
return
to
their
antient
Rites
and
Customs
again
.
His
zeal
,
and
courage
.
To
this
Dionysius
with
great
zeal
,
wisdom
,
and
eloquence
,
answered
:
That
they
were
no
gods
whom
they
worshipped
,
but
Idols
,
and
the
works
of
mens
hands
,
and
that
it
was
through
meer
Ignorance
,
Folly
,
and
Idolatry
that
they
adored
them
:
Adding
,
that
there
was
but
one
true
God
,
according
as
he
had
preached
:
At
which
words
Sisinius
was
exceedingly
incensed
,
commanding
him
to
be
laid
upon
an
hurdle
,
and
a
gentle
fire
to
be
made
under
him
to
roast
him
.
Some
others
relate
,
Miracles
.
that
he
was
thrown
to
hungry
wild
Beasts
,
which
yet
would
not
tear
him
:
Then
that
he
was
put
into
an
hot
Oven
,
which
would
not
burn
him
.
Whereupon
he
was
the
second
time
brought
before
Sisinius
,
Persecutors
cruelty
.
who
caused
him
publikely
to
be
beaten
with
many
,
and
cruel
blows
by
his
Officers
:
and
when
this
prevailed
not
,
he
standing
up
,
said
:
Seeing
thou
hast
contemned
our
gods
,
derided
the
Emperors
Edicts
,
and
by
Magick
hast
wrought
many
Miracles
to
delude
the
people
,
whereby
thou
hast
seduced
them
from
the
obedience
of
the
Emperor
I
will
therefore
that
thou
shalt
be
forthwith
beheaded
.
Dionysius
nothing
terrified
herewith
,
told
him
that
he
worshipped
such
gods
as
would
perish
like
dung
upon
the
Earth
;
but
as
for
my self
(
said
he
)
Come
life
,
A
brave
speech
.
come
death
,
I
will
worship
none
but
the
God
of
Heaven
and
Earth
.
This
so
enraged
the
Praefect
,
that
he
commanded
him
presently
to
be
executed
▪
whereupon
he
was
haled
out
of
the
City
to
the
top
of
an
high
Mountain
,
and
delivered
to
the
Officers
to
be
tormented
,
which
was
accomplished
with
all
the
cruelty
that
could
be
:
Then
lifting
up
his
eyes
and
hands
to
heaven
he
said
,
O
Lord
God
Almighty
,
thou
only
begotten
Son
,
and
Holy
Spirit
:
O
sacred
Trinty
,
His
Prayer
at
death
.
which
art
without
beginning
,
and
in
whom
is
no
division
:
Receive
the
soul
of
thy
servant
in
peace
,
who
is
put
to
death
for
th●
Cause
and
Gospel
:
Which
Prayer
being
ended
,
he
was
beheaded
with
a
sword
which
was
made
dull
on
purpose
that
his
pain
might
be
the
greater
.
His
Martyrdom
.
He
suffered
Martyrdom
in
the
reign
of
Hadrianus
,
Anno
Christi
96.
and
of
his
own
Age
110.
He
used
to
say
,
that
he
desired
these
two
things
of
God
,
His
saying
.
first
that
be
might
know
the
truth
himself
:
Secondly
,
that
he
might
preach
it
as
he
ought
unto
others
.
He
wrote
sundry
Epistles
,
His
works
.
(
as
some
affirm
)
and
some
other
works
:
all
which
Scultetus
for
very
good
reasons
rendred
by
him
,
judgeth
to
be
spurious
.
JVSTIN
MARTYR
The
Life
of
Justin
Martyr
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
139.
IVstin
Martyr
was
born
at
Neapolis
in
the
Country
of
Palestine
:
His
Parentage
and
education
.
His
father
was
Priscus
Bachius
,
by
whom
in
his
youth
he
was
set
to
schole
,
where
he
profited
so
much
,
that
in
time
he
became
a
famous
Philosopher
:
For
being
exceedingly
inflamed
with
a
desire
of
knowledge
,
he
would
not
be
satisfied
in
his
minde
,
till
he
had
gotten
Instructors
singularly
seen
in
all
kinds
of
Philosophy
.
His
study
of
Philosophy
.
First
he
applyed
himself
to
be
a
Scholar
to
a
certain
Stoick
:
but
finding
that
by
his
help
he
nothing
profited
in
Divine
knowledge
,
after
a
time
he
left
him
,
and
went
to
one
of
the
Sect
of
the
Peripateticks
:
with
whom
after
he
had
been
a
while
,
he
demanded
of
him
a
stipend
for
his
teaching
:
whereupon
Justin
accounting
him
no
Philosopher
,
left
him
,
and
departed
.
And
being
not
yet
satisfied
in
minde
,
but
desirous
to
hear
of
further
learning
,
he
adjoined
himself
to
one
that
professed
the
Pythagorean
Sect
,
a
man
of
great
●ame
,
and
one
that
highly
esteemed
of
himself
:
whom
after
he
had
followed
a
time
,
his
Master
asked
him
,
whether
he
had
any
skill
in
Musick
,
Astronomy
,
and
Geometry
,
without
the
knowledge
whereof
he
said
,
he
could
not
be
apt
to
receive
the
knowledge
of
virtue
and
felicity
:
for
that
his
minde
must
be
drawn
from
the
knowledge
of
sensible
matters
,
to
the
contemplation
of
things
intelligible
.
He
spake
much
in
commendation
of
these
Sciences
,
how
profitable
and
necessary
they
were
:
and
because
Justin
declared
himself
to
have
no
skill
therein
,
he
turned
him
away
;
which
much
grieved
Justin
,
who
considering
with
himself
,
what
time
was
requisite
for
the
learning
of
these
Sciences
,
and
purposing
to
defer
it
no
longer
,
betook
himself
to
the
Sect
of
the
Platonists
for
the
great
fame
that
ran
of
them
:
Wherefore
choosing
to
himself
a
singularly
learned
man
of
that
Sect
,
that
was
lately
come
into
those
parts
,
he
remained
with
him
,
profiting
not
a
little
in
contemplation
of
supernatural
things
,
and
invisible
forms
:
Insomuch
as
he
hoped
ere
long
through
the
sharpness
of
his
wit
to
attain
to
the
comprehension
and
contemplation
of
God
,
which
is
the
end
of
Plato's
Philosophy
.
And
thus
he
imployed
his
Youth
:
His
conversion
,
and
the
occasion
of
it
.
But
afterwards
being
grown
to
riper
years
,
he
was
converted
to
the
knowledge
and
profession
of
Christianity
by
this
means
:
Beholding
the
Constancy
,
Courage
,
and
Patience
of
the
Christians
in
their
torments
,
and
sufferings
,
he
was
wonderfully
moved
therewith
,
which
made
him
thus
to
reason
;
that
it
was
impossible
for
that
kinde
of
people
to
be
subject
to
any
vice
,
or
carnality
,
which
would
certainly
disable
them
to
sustain
such
sharp
adversity
,
and
much
more
the
bitterness
of
death
.
Hereupon
(
naturally
affecting
Knowledge
)
he
began
to
love
and
embrace
the
Christian
Religion
.
This
himself
testifies
in
the
end
of
his
first
Apologie
;
telling
us
moreover
,
that
being
afflicted
in
minde
about
finding
out
the
truth
,
he
resolved
for
more
privacy
to
retire
himself
unto
a
Grange
neer
the
Sea-side
,
where
he
might
be
free
from
the
concourse
of
people
,
whither
as
he
went
,
He
is
instructed
by
an
old
man
.
there
met
him
a
grave
ancient
Father
,
of
a
comly
visage
,
and
gentle
behaviour
,
who
began
to
reason
with
him
;
and
after
long
disputation
,
told
him
plainly
that
there
was
no
knowledge
of
the
truth
amongst
the
Philosophers
,
who
neither
knew
God
,
nor
were
directed
by
the
Holy
Ghost
:
He
also
further
reasoned
with
him
of
the
immortality
of
the
soul
,
of
the
reward
of
the
godly
,
and
of
the
punishment
of
the
wicked
:
So
that
Justin
being
convinced
by
his
arguments
,
voluntarily
assented
to
him
,
and
demanded
of
him
by
what
means
he
might
attain
to
the
knowledge
of
the
true
God
?
The
old
man
counselled
him
to
read
,
and
search
the
Word
of
God
;
and
to
adjoin
Prayer
thereto
.
But
what
man
(
quoth
Justin
)
shall
I
use
for
my
instructor
therein
?
And
who
shall
be
able
to
help
me
,
if
these
Philosophers
(
as
you
say
)
lack
the
Truth
,
and
are
void
of
the
same
?
To
which
the
old
Father
answered
:
There
have
been
(
saith
he
)
before
these
Philosophers
others
more
ancient
then
they
,
who
were
just
men
,
and
beloved
of
God
:
and
who
spake
by
the
Spirit
of
God
:
fore-seeing
,
and
fore-Prophesying
of
those
things
which
we
now
see
are
come
to
pass
,
and
therefore
they
are
called
Prophets
.
These
only
have
known
the
Truth
,
and
revealed
it
to
men
,
neither
fearing
,
nor
respecting
the
persons
of
any
.
They
were
seduced
with
no
opinions
of
mans
invention
,
but
only
spake
,
and
taught
those
things
which
themselves
both
heard
,
and
saw
,
being
inspired
with
the
Holy
Spirit
of
God
,
whose
Writings
,
and
Books
are
extant
,
out
of
which
the
Reader
may
receive
great
profit
,
and
knowledge
of
many
things
:
As
of
the
first
Creation
of
the
World
,
and
of
the
end
of
the
same
,
with
all
other
things
that
are
necessary
for
us
to
know
.
Neither
in
their
teachings
do
they
use
any
demonstrations
:
the
things
taught
being
of
themselves
more
certain
then
that
they
need
any
such
demonstration
:
the
accomplishment
of
their
Prophesies
which
we
see
fulfilled
,
constraining
us
of
necessity
to
believe
the
words
,
and
Doctrine
which
they
have
taught
:
Their
Doctrine
also
hath
been
confirmed
by
Wonders
and
Miracles
,
which
induce
us
to
give
credit
to
it
.
They
preached
of
God
the
Creator
,
and
Maker
of
all
things
:
They
prophesied
also
before
of
Christ
the
Son
of
God
sent
to
be
the
Redeemer
of
the
World
,
which
the
false
Prophets
,
seduced
by
false
and
wicked
Spirits
did
not
,
but
only
took
upon
them
to
work
certain
prodigious
wonders
,
for
men
to
gaze
at
,
that
thereby
they
might
gain
belief
to
their
false
and
unclean
opinions
:
But
remember
before
all
things
to
make
thy
Prayers
to
Almighty
God
,
that
he
will
open
a
gate
of
light
to
thee
:
for
otherwise
the
knowledge
of
these
things
cannot
be
attained
to
by
every
man
,
but
they
are
revealed
only
to
such
to
whom
God
and
his
Christ
give
understanding
.
The
old
Father
having
declared
these
,
and
many
other
things
to
Justine
,
departed
from
him
,
exhorting
him
carefully
to
follow
those
things
which
he
had
spoken
:
after
which
he
saw
him
no
more
.
Hi.
conversion
.
But
Justine
was
presently
wonderfully
inflamed
in
his
minde
to
know
and
study
the
Prophets
,
in
comparison
of
which
all
other
Philosophy
now
seemed
vain
,
and
unprofitable
to
him
,
and
so
in
time
he
became
a
Christian
,
and
was
baptized
.
His
Baptism
.
After
this
●e
became
an
earnest
defender
of
the
Truth
,
travelling
up
and
down
,
and
disputing
against
all
those
which
were
enemies
,
and
opposers
of
it
,
fearing
neither
peril
of
life
,
His
zeal
and
courage
.
nor
danger
of
death
,
so
that
he
might
maintain
the
Doctrine
of
Christ
against
the
malitious
blasphemers
of
the
same
,
and
also
increase
the
number
of
Christian
Believers
,
as
may
appear
by
his
vehement
disputations
against
the
Heathen
Philosophers
,
and
by
the
long
disputation
of
his
at
Ephesus
against
Tripho
,
and
also
by
his
confutations
of
Hereticks
:
Yea
and
by
his
Apologies
which
with
great
zeal
and
courage
he
exhibited
to
the
Emperour
and
Magistrates
against
the
Persecutors
of
the
Christians
,
and
in
their
just
defence
all
which
do
sufficiently
testifie
the
same
.
The
first
Apologie
which
he
wrote
,
His
Apology
for
the
Christians
to
the
Senate
.
was
to
the
Senate
of
Rome
,
in
which
he
wrote
with
great
liberty
,
telling
them
,
that
of
necessity
he
was
compelled
thus
to
utter
his
minde
unto
them
:
For
that
in
persecuting
the
Christians
they
neglected
their
duty
,
and
highly
offended
God
,
of
which
they
had
need
to
be
admonished
:
This
Apology
he
also
sent
to
Antoninus
Pius
the
Emperour
:
Writing
also
to
Vrbicius
,
Leiutenant
of
the
City
,
he
told
him
,
that
he
put
men
to
torments
,
and
death
,
for
no
offence
committed
,
but
only
for
the
confession
of
the
name
of
Christ
;
which
proceedings
(
saith
he
)
neither
becometh
the
Emperour
nor
his
Son
,
nor
the
Senate
.
In
the
same
Apology
he
also
defended
,
and
purged
the
Christians
from
those
crimes
which
were
falsely
charged
upon
them
by
the
Ethnicks
.
In
his
second
Apology
writing
to
Antoninus
the
Emperour
,
His
Apologie
to
the
Emperour
.
and
his
successors
,
with
like
gravity
,
and
freedom
of
speech
,
he
declareth
unto
them
how
they
had
the
name
and
repute
of
vertuous
Philosophers
,
maintainers
of
Justice
,
lovers
of
Learning
,
&c.
But
whether
they
were
so
indeed
,
their
Acts
declared
.
As
for
himself
he
professeth
that
neither
for
flattery
,
nor
for
favour
he
wrote
unto
them
:
but
that
he
was
constrained
to
sue
unto
them
for
righteousness
in
their
judgements
,
and
sentences
:
For
(
saith
he
)
it
becomes
Princes
to
follow
uprightness
,
and
piety
in
their
judgements
,
not
tyranny
,
and
violence
:
He
also
in
plain
words
chargeth
as
well
the
Emperour
as
the
Senate
with
manifest
wrong
;
for
that
they
did
not
grant
to
the
Christians
that
which
was
not
denyed
to
all
other
Malefactors
,
but
judged
them
to
death
,
not
convicted
;
but
out
of
an
hatred
to
their
name
.
Injustice
used
to
the
Christians
.
Other
men
(
saith
he
)
which
are
appeached
in
judgement
,
are
not
condemned
till
they
are
first
convicted
:
But
for
us
,
you
take
the
name
for
a
sufficient
crime
;
whereas
indeed
you
ought
to
see
justice
done
rather
upon
our
accusers
.
So
that
if
a
Christian
that
is
accused
,
deny
his
name
,
him
you
release
,
being
not
able
to
charge
him
with
any
other
offence
:
But
if
he
stand
to
his
name
,
you
condemn
him
:
Whereas
it
were
your
duty
rather
to
examine
their
manner
of
life
,
and
so
according
to
their
demerits
to
see
justice
done
upon
them
.
And
in
another
place
:
You
examine
not
the
Causes
,
but
hurried
on
with
rash
affections
,
as
with
the
spur
of
fury
,
you
slay
and
murther
the
innocent
without
any
respect
of
justice
:
And
if
any
will
say
,
some
of
them
have
been
taken
in
evil
doings
:
I
answer
,
that
you
use
not
to
enquire
after
those
things
,
but
condemn
them
before
due
examination
of
their
offences
,
for
the
cause
above
mentioned
:
Hereby
it
appears
that
you
degenerate
from
the
goodness
of
your
predecessors
,
whose
examples
you
follow
not
:
For
your
Father
Adrian
,
of
famous
memory
,
caused
to
be
proclaimed
,
that
Christians
accused
before
the
Judge
should
not
be
condemned
,
unless
they
were
found
guilty
of
some
notorious
crime
,
&c.
In
the
same
Apologie
he
also
proves
,
by
firm
and
strong
arguments
,
that
Christians
ought
not
at
the
sole
will
and
command
of
the
Emperor
and
Senate
to
offer
Sacrifice
to
Idols
,
for
which
if
they
be
condemned
,
they
suffer
open
wrong
:
He
affirms
moreover
,
that
the
only
true
Religion
,
is
the
Religion
of
Christians
,
whose
Doctrine
and
Conversation
hath
no
fault
.
And
although
by
these
,
He
prevails
for
favour
to
the
Christians
.
and
such
like
perswasions
he
could
not
prevail
with
the
Emperour
to
love
their
Religion
,
and
to
become
a
Christian
;
yet
thus
much
he
obtained
,
that
the
Emperour
wrote
to
his
Officers
in
Asia
in
the
behalf
of
the
Christians
,
requiring
and
commanding
them
,
that
those
Christians
only
that
were
found
guilty
of
other
crimes
,
should
suffer
,
and
that
none
for
the
bare
name
of
a
Christian
should
be
punished
,
as
hitherto
they
had
been
.
By
this
it
is
apparent
with
what
zeal
,
and
●aith
Justine
strove
against
the
persecutors
of
his
time
,
who
(
as
he
used
to
say
)
could
kill
,
but
could
not
hurt
.
At
last
he
went
to
Rome
,
He
goes
to
Rome
.
where
he
had
many
open
disputations
,
and
publique
conferences
with
some
Philosophers
,
especially
with
one
Crescens
,
who
was
of
the
Sect
of
the
C●nikes
,
from
whom
he
alwayes
bore
away
the
Bell
,
which
tended
to
the
shortning
of
his
life
,
as
himself
foresaw
,
and
foretold
in
these
words
.
I
look
for
no
other
end
then
this
,
A
prediction
.
that
I
be
betrayed
by
some
one
of
them
called
Philosophers
:
or
knocked
on
the
head
with
a
club
by
Crescens
,
no
Philosopher
indeed
,
but
a
proud
boaster
.
For
it
is
not
meet
to
call
him
a
Philosopher
,
which
ignorantly
reporteth
that
the
Christians
are
impious
,
and
irreligious
,
to
the
end
that
he
may
flatter
,
and
please
such
as
are
over-shadowed
with
the
mist
of
error
,
and
ignorance
.
For
if
he
impugn
the
Doctrine
of
the
Christians
,
having
never
read
,
nor
known
the
same
,
then
is
he
full
of
malice
,
and
far
worse
then
Idiots
,
that
sometimes
fear
to
reason
of
unknown
matters
,
least
they
speak
falsely
:
Or
if
he
hath
read
them
,
yet
he
understands
not
the
Mysterie
,
and
Majestical
meaning
thereof
:
Or
if
in
any
thing
he
understands
them
,
yet
is
he
afraid
to
confess
the
Truth
,
least
he
should
be
taken
for
one
of
them
,
and
then
he
is
far
more
wicked
,
and
malitious
,
yea
the
bondslave
of
vain
glory
,
and
brutish
fear
.
I
desire
that
you
may
understand
the
Truth
,
I
have
proposed
certain
Questions
and
Interrogatories
to
him
,
whereby
I
have
found
that
he
knows
nothing
:
So
that
if
you
knew
what
I
propounded
,
and
what
answer
he
made
thereto
,
you
would
certainly
give
sentence
that
he
is
altogether
ignorant
in
our
Doctrine
,
&c.
And
according
to
this
his
prediction
,
His
Martyrdom
.
he
was
slain
by
the
procurement
of
Crescens
:
being
beheaded
,
An.
Christi
139.
Suffering
Martyrdom
with
much
cheerfulness
under
Verus
the
Emperor
:
or
as
Epiphanius
saith
,
under
Adrian
.
Tatianus
,
a
learned
man
,
writeth
thus
of
it
;
Crescens
(
saith
he
)
being
in
Rome
,
passed
all
men
in
that
filthy
and
unnatural
sin
of
Sodomie
,
defiling
himself
with
mankinde
;
inferiour
also
he
was
to
no
man
in
covetousness
.
He
taught
,
that
death
was
not
to
be
feared
,
yet
himself
was
so
extreamly
fearful
of
it
,
that
he
procured
Justins
death
,
as
it
were
for
a
great
evill
:
Because
that
he
Preaching
the
Truth
,
reprehended
the
Philosophers
as
gluttonous
and
deceitful
persons
.
He
confuted
Marcion
the
Heretick
;
His
zeal
against
Heresies
.
and
the
Valentinians
:
He
complain'd
to
the
Emperor
Antoninus
Pius
of
the
cruelty
of
the
Proconsul
in
Asia
against
the
Christians
,
who
forbad
them
to
read
any
Books
that
spake
of
Christ
.
His
usual
saying
was
,
His
sayings
.
That
which
the
Soul
is
in
the
Body
,
that
are
Christians
in
the
World
:
for
as
the
Soul
is
in
,
but
not
of
the
Body
:
so
Christians
are
in
,
but
no
part
of
the
World
.
Also
,
It
is
best
of
all
not
to
sin
:
and
next
to
that
to
amend
upon
the
punishment
.
Again
,
That
it
is
the
greatest
slavery
in
the
World
to
be
subject
to
ones
own
passions
.
He
was
one
that
did
not
only
suffer
in
his
Saviours
Cause
:
but
took
great
pains
in
defending
it
against
all
oppositions
in
his
times
.
His
zeal
.
He
gat
much
repute
for
his
constant
zeal
against
Idolatry
,
and
Superstition
,
and
perswading
the
Gentiles
to
leave
it
,
as
a
vain
and
unprofitable
service
:
declaring
unto
them
the
excellency
and
benefit
of
the
true
Worship
of
God
:
So
that
he
was
a
blessed
Instrument
to
bring
many
out
of
that
miserable
condition
,
cheerfully
to
imbrace
the
Faith
of
Christ
crucified
.
His
works
are
these
:
His
works
.
A
Dialogue
with
Triphon
the
Jew
:
An
Apology
to
the
Senate
of
Rome
:
Another
to
Antoninus
Pius
:
An
Oration
to
the
Gentiles
,
with
some
Epistles
:
One
Ad
Zenam
,
&
Serenum
:
Altera
ad
Diognetum
▪
Paraenetica
Oratio
ad
Graecos
.
IRENAEVS
The
Life
of
Irenaeus
,
who
dyed
An.
Chrsti
.
182.
IRenaeus
was
born
in
Asia
,
of
Greek
Parents
,
His
birth
and
education
.
as
both
his
name
and
writings
do
declare
.
In
his
younger
years
he
was
scholar
to
,
and
a
constant
hearer
of
Polycarp
,
Bishop
of
Smyrna
.
In
his
riper
years
he
went
into
France
,
and
was
Ordained
Minister
by
Photinus
Bishop
of
Lyons
,
Ordained
Minister
.
and
some
other
Presbyters
.
At
this
time
the
Church
of
Christ
was
in
great
trouble
,
both
by
reason
of
the
Persecution
raised
by
foraign
Enemies
,
but
especially
by
reason
of
Errors
,
His
zeal
against
Heresies
.
and
Sects
which
then
sprung
up
in
that
time
,
against
which
he
diligently
laboured
,
and
wrote
much
.
His
Nature
did
well
agree
with
his
Name
for
he
was
a
great
lover
of
Peace
,
and
endeavoured
to
the
uttermost
to
procure
Unity
when
Controversies
arose
in
the
Church
:
And
therefore
when
the
great
controversie
about
keeping
Easter
day
was
renewed
,
and
Victor
the
Bishop
of
Rome
would
have
excommunicated
the
Eastern
Churches
as
Schismaticks
for
disagreeing
with
him
therein
:
Irenaeus
with
other
Brethren
of
the
French
Church
,
He
was
studious
of
peace
.
being
sorry
to
see
contentions
amongst
Brethren
for
such
a
trifle
,
met
together
in
a
Councel
,
and
by
common
consent
wrote
Letters
unto
Victor
,
subscribed
with
their
names
,
intreating
him
to
alter
his
purpose
,
and
not
to
proceed
to
Excommunicate
his
Brethren
for
that
matter
;
and
although
themselves
agreed
with
him
in
observing
the
same
time
,
yet
by
many
strong
arguments
and
reasons
,
they
exhorted
him
not
to
deal
so
rigorously
with
those
who
followed
the
custom
of
their
Country
in
observing
another
day
.
He
wrote
also
diverse
other
Letters
abroad
concerning
the
same
contention
,
declaring
the
Excommunication
of
Victor
to
be
of
none
effect
.
After
the
Martyrdom
of
Photinus
,
He
is
made
Bishop
of
●y●ons
in
France
.
he
was
made
Bishop
of
Lyons
where
he
continued
about
the
space
of
23
years
:
By
his
frequent
,
faithful
,
and
powerful
Preaching
,
and
by
his
holiness
of
life
,
he
brought
most
of
that
City
from
Gentilism
to
the
knowledge
and
service
of
the
true
God
.
But
the
common
Enemy
of
mankinde
envying
the
progress
of
the
Gospel
,
Satans
malice
and
the
salvation
of
so
many
Souls
,
beside
the
publick
Persecution
,
stirred
up
a
spirit
of
Error
,
and
falsehood
in
some
Hereticks
:
as
Montanus
,
Theodosius
,
Alcibiades
,
and
Maximilla
,
whereby
he
greatly
disturbed
the
Peace
of
the
Church
.
His
zeal
against
Heresies
.
Hereupon
Irenaeus
,
and
his
fellow-Laborers
,
to
shew
their
care
of
the
Brethren
,
sent
abroad
large
Epistles
of
things
done
amongst
them
:
They
sent
also
the
Tenets
of
Montanus
into
Asia
with
their
judgements
upon
them
.
They
wrote
likewise
Letters
to
Eleutherius
,
then
Bishop
of
Rome
,
He
is
sent
to
Rome
.
desiring
him
heartily
to
endeavour
to
keep
the
Church
in
unity
;
and
when
they
could
finde
no
fitter
a
person
for
so
weighty
a
business
,
they
made
choice
of
Irenaeus
for
his
holiness
gravity
,
and
sincerity
,
whom
they
knew
to
be
willing
to
undergo
all
travel
,
danger
,
and
labour
for
Christs
cause
,
and
the
Churches
good
:
Him
therefore
they
sent
to
Rome
,
writing
by
him
in
this
manner
.
Father
Eleutherius
▪
we
with
you
health
in
all
things
,
and
always
in
God
:
We
have
requested
Irenaeus
our
Brother
,
and
fellow
Laborer
,
to
deliver
these
Letters
,
whom
we
pray
you
to
accept
of
as
a
zealous
follower
of
the
will
of
Christ
,
&c.
This
Irenaeus
wrote
five
Books
against
the
Heresies
of
his
times
,
His
writings
.
which
are
yet
extant
;
in
the
first
of
which
dilating
upon
the
infinite
profundity
of
matter
invented
by
Valentinus
,
mixed
with
many
Errors
,
he
discloseth
openly
the
malice
of
the
Heretick
,
being
clo●ked
,
and
concealed
,
as
it
were
a
Serpent
hid
in
his
den
:
For
revealing
their
profane
ceremonies
,
and
detestable
mysteries
,
he
writeth
thus
:
The
prophaneness
of
Here●icks
.
Some
(
saith
he
)
prepare
their
Wedding
Chamber
,
and
accomplish
the
service
to
be
said
over
them
that
are
to
be
consecrated
with
charmed
words
:
And
having
thus
done
,
they
call
it
a
Spiritual
Marriage
,
conformable
to
the
caelestial
copulation
.
Some
bring
them
to
the
water
,
and
in
Baptising
say
thus
:
In
the
Name
of
the
unknown
Father
of
all
things
,
In
the
Truth
,
Mother
of
all
things
,
and
in
him
which
descended
upon
Jesus
.
Some
others
pronounce
Hebrew
words
,
to
the
end
that
young
Converts
might
be
the
more
amazed
.
And
in
his
third
Book
,
he
wrote
that
Valentinus
came
to
Rome
,
in
the
time
of
Hyginus
,
ninth
Bishop
in
succession
after
the
Apostles
:
The
immutability
of
Cerdon
.
And
also
Cerdon
another
Heretick
,
who
sometimes
protested
the
true
Faith
,
and
privily
taught
the
contrary
:
Afterward
he
confessed
his
error
,
and
yet
again
being
reprehended
for
the
corrupt
Doctrin
which
he
had
taught
,
he
refrained
the
company
of
the
Brethren
:
He
taught
that
God
preached
in
the
Law
,
and
Prophets
,
was
not
the
Father
of
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
.
That
Christ
was
known
,
but
the
Father
of
Christ
was
unknown
,
&c.
After
him
succeeded
Marcion
of
Pontus
,
a
shameless
blasphemer
,
which
encreased
this
Doctrine
.
He
tels
us
also
in
his
second
Book
that
the
working
of
Miracles
was
frequent
in
his
time
.
Miracles
continued
in
the
Church
.
Some
of
the
Brethren
(
saith
he
)
and
sometimes
the
whole
Church
of
some
certain
place
,
by
reason
of
some
urgent
cause
,
by
Fasting
,
and
Prayer
,
have
brought
to
pass
that
the
spirits
of
the
dead
have
returned
into
their
bodies
;
and
so
by
the
earnest
Prayers
of
the
Saints
,
they
have
been
restored
again
to
life
,
and
have
lived
with
us
many
years
.
Some
by
the
like
means
have
expelled
Devils
,
so
that
they
which
were
delivered
from
evill
spirits
,
have
embraced
the
Faith
,
and
were
received
into
the
Church
▪
Others
have
the
Spirit
of
Prophesie
to
fore-know
things
to
come
:
they
see
Divine
Dreams
,
and
Prophetical
Visions
:
Others
cure
the
sick
,
and
diseased
,
and
by
laying
on
of
their
hands
restore
them
to
health
.
For
the
gratious
gifts
of
the
Holy
Ghost
are
innumerable
,
which
the
Church
dispersed
through
the
whole
World
,
having
received
,
dispenseth
daily
in
the
Name
of
Jesus
Christ
,
crucified
under
Pontus
Pilat
,
to
the
benefit
of
the
Gentiles
,
&c.
Whilst
he
was
Bishop
of
Lyons
,
the
state
of
the
Church
was
very
unquiet
,
troublesome
and
full
of
danger
,
because
the
Romane
Emperour
had
not
called
in
the
Edicts
of
the
fourth
Persecution
:
But
in
this
dangerous
time
,
His
courage
and
painfulness
.
Irendus
was
valiant
,
laboured
exceedingly
by
Prayer
,
Preaching
,
Disputing
,
Instructing
,
and
Reproving
with
patience
and
wisdom
:
Seeking
the
lost
;
strengthening
the
weak
;
recalling
the
wandring
;
binding
up
the
broken-hearted
,
and
confirming
those
that
were
strong
:
Whereupon
Tertullian
saith
,
Tanta
vitae
integritate
,
&
Doctrine
sinceritate
gregi
is
praesidet
,
&c.
He
governed
the
flock
of
Christ
with
such
integrity
of
life
,
and
sincerity
of
Doctrine
,
that
he
was
loved
exceedingly
by
his
own
,
and
feared
by
others
:
But
in
the
latter
end
of
Marcus
Antoninus
Verus
,
God
sent
Peace
to
his
Church
,
so
that
the
Christians
lived
securely
:
held
Councels
,
and
did
Preach
freely
:
as
also
in
the
raign
of
Commodus
,
who
succeeded
him
:
A
great
Persecution
.
But
in
the
raign
of
Severus
the
next
Emperor
,
he
being
a
bloody
and
cruel
man
,
was
raised
the
fifth
Persecution
against
the
Church
,
to
the
Martyrdom
of
many
thousands
:
but
especially
it
raged
at
Lyons
,
in
so
much
as
the
blood
of
the
slaughtered
Christians
ran
down
the
streets
;
and
at
last
this
blessed
Saint
,
with
many
other
of
his
flock
were
carried
between
two
hils
,
where
was
a
Cross
on
the
one
hand
,
and
an
Idol
of
the
other
,
where
they
were
put
to
their
choice
,
to
go
either
to
the
Cross
to
suffer
,
or
to
the
Idol
to
live
;
but
they
chose
the
Cross
,
His
martyrdom
.
where
they
all
constantly
suffered
Martyrdom
,
about
the
year
182.
Irenaeus
being
about
the
age
of
60
years
;
or
as
some
say
90.
He
used
to
compare
the
Hereticks
and
Schismaticks
of
his
time
to
Aesops
Dog
,
His
sayings
.
that
lost
the
substance
of
Religion
,
whilst
they
gaped
too
earnestly
after
the
shadow
.
Considering
the
vanity
of
all
earthly
things
,
he
said
,
What
profit
is
there
in
that
honour
which
is
so
short-lived
,
as
that
perchance
it
was
not
yesterday
,
neither
will
be
to
morrow
?
And
such
men
as
labor
so
much
for
it
,
are
but
like
froth
,
which
though
it
be
uppermost
,
yet
is
unprofitablest
.
Erasmus
thinks
that
he
wrote
in
Latin
:
but
Hierom
reckons
him
amongst
the
Greek
Fathers
:
and
even
till
this
day
some
of
his
Works
are
extant
in
Greek
,
which
shews
him
to
be
a
Grecian
.
Varia
scripsit
,
His
works
.
sed
soli
qainque
libri
adversus
Haereses
eodie
supersunt
.
TERTVLLIAN
The
Life
of
Tertullian
who
dyed
An.
Christ
.
202.
TErtullian
was
born
in
Carthage
,
His
birth
and
education
.
his
Father
was
a
Centurion
of
the
Proconsular
Order
.
He
was
carefully
educated
in
all
manner
of
learning
,
wherein
he
profited
so
much
,
that
Lactantius
saith
of
him
,
he
was
in
omni
genere
doctrine
peritus
,
skilled
in
all
kinde
of
Learning
:
Hierom
saith
that
his
Works
contained
cunctam
seculi
Doctrinam
,
His
excellent
learning
.
all
sorts
of
Learning
Vincentius
Lyrinensis
saith
,
Inter
Latinos
omnes
hic
facile
princeps
judicandus
,
that
amongst
the
Latine
Fathers
he
was
of
chiefest
account
.
His
Works
which
he
hath
left
to
us
,
shew
that
he
was
excellently
versed
in
Physicks
,
Mathematicks
,
and
History
.
He
was
eminent
for
his
study
of
,
and
knowledge
in
the
Civil
Law
.
Afterward
falling
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
He
is
Ordained
a
Presbyter
.
he
attained
to
such
excellent
skill
therein
,
that
at
Rome
he
was
made
a
Presbyter
,
where
he
remained
to
the
middle
of
his
age
.
He
flourished
under
the
Emperor
Severus
,
Anno
Christi
183.
His
zeal
against
Heresies
.
And
burning
in
holy
zeal
,
he
became
a
great
opposite
to
the
Hereticks
of
those
times
,
Marcion
,
Valentinian
Praxea
,
Hermogenes
,
&c.
He
was
very
expert
both
in
Greek
and
Latin
,
and
had
great
acuteness
in
disputing
,
and
writing
eloquently
,
as
his
Books
do
sufficiently
declare
:
So
that
Vincentius
Lyrinensis
saith
,
that
the
force
of
his
arguments
was
such
,
that
whom
he
could
not
perswade
,
them
he
compelled
to
consent
to
him
.
God
raised
him
in
the
time
of
great
Persecution
to
be
as
a
pillar
or
stay
to
his
poor
afflicted
Church
:
For
when
the
Christians
were
vexed
with
wrongs
,
and
falsly
accused
by
the
Gentiles
,
He
defends
the
Christians
.
Tertullian
taking
their
cause
in
hand
,
defended
them
against
their
Persecutors
,
and
their
slanderous
accusations
,
shewing
that
they
never
intended
a●●
stirs
,
or
rebellions
either
against
the
Empire
,
or
Emperors
of
Rome
,
for
so
much
as
the
manner
of
Christians
was
to
pray
for
the
prosperous
estate
of
their
Governors
.
And
whereas
they
were
falsely
accused
to
be
enemies
to
mankinde
,
how
can
that
be
(
saith
he
)
when
as
the
proper
office
of
Christians
is
to
pray
for
all
men
,
to
love
their
Enemies
,
never
requiting
evil
for
evil
,
whereas
all
others
do
profess
only
to
love
their
friends
;
and
starcely
them
?
and
as
touching
the
horrible
slander
of
murthering
Infants
,
how
can
that
be
true
(
saith
he
)
in
the
Christians
,
whose
custom
is
to
abstain
from
all
blood
,
and
things
strangled
,
so
that
it
is
not
lawful
for
them
when
they
feed
at
their
Tables
to
meddle
with
the
blood
of
any
Beast
?
And
as
for
filthy
copulations
,
no
sort
of
men
are
more
free
then
they
who
have
ever
been
the
greatest
observers
of
chastily
,
and
if
they
could
,
have
chosen
to
live
in
perpetual
Virginity
all
their
lives
long
;
if
they
could
not
,
their
manner
is
to
contract
Matrimony
for
the
avoiding
all
Whoredom
,
and
Fornication
.
Neither
can
it
be
proved
,
that
the
Christians
do
Worship
the
Sun
;
which
false
surmise
(
saith
he
)
ariseth
only
from
this
,
Because
they
use
to
pray
towards
the
East
.
Much
less
was
there
any
of
them
so
mad
as
to
Worship
an
Asses
Head
,
the
occasion
of
which
slander
arose
from
the
Jews
worshipping
the
Jaw
bone
of
an
Ass
,
from
the
story
of
Sampson
,
which
therefore
was
falsely
and
wrongfully
charged
upon
the
Christians
.
Likewise
against
all
other
lyes
and
slanders
raised
by
the
Heathen
against
the
Christians
,
he
clearly
purgeth
them
,
and
evidently
proves
that
they
were
persecuted
not
for
any
deserts
of
theirs
,
but
only
out
of
an
hatred
to
their
name
and
Profession
.
He
sheweth
also
that
by
those
grievous
persecutions
,
the
Religion
or
number
of
Christians
was
nothing
impaired
,
but
increased
rather
.
The
more
(
saith
he
)
we
are
mown
down
by
you
,
the
more
we
rise
up
.
The
blood
of
the
Christians
proves
the
seed
of
the
Church
.
Persecution
increaseth
Religion
.
For
what
man
(
saith
he
)
beholding
the
painful
torments
,
and
the
perfect
patience
of
the
Christians
,
will
not
search
and
enquire
into
the
cause
?
and
when
he
hath
found
it
out
,
will
not
consent
,
and
agree
to
both
?
and
when
he
agreeth
to
it
,
who
will
not
be
willing
,
and
desirous
to
suffer
for
it
?
So
that
this
Profession
can
never
be
extirpated
,
seeing
the
more
it
is
cut
down
,
the
more
it
encreaseth
.
For
every
man
seeing
,
and
wondering
at
the
sufferings
of
the
Saints
,
is
moved
thereby
the
more
to
search
into
the
cause
,
and
in
searching
he
finds
it
,
and
in
finding
,
he
follows
it
.
And
as
Tertullian
thus
bestirred
himself
in
defending
the
innocency
of
the
Christians
,
His
learned
,
works
.
so
he
compiled
many
excellent
and
fruitful
Works
,
whereof
some
are
extant
,
others
are
not
to
be
found
.
By
these
excellent
Apologies
of
his
he
perswaded
the
Emperor
Severus
to
savour
the
Christians
,
who
prayed
for
his
prosperity
,
and
imputed
the
slaughter
of
his
Subjects
at
Byzartium
,
as
a
just
judgement
upon
them
for
the
effusion
of
so
much
Christian
blood
.
Having
written
excellently
against
the
Hereticks
of
his
time
,
This
was
counted
an
unparalleld
crime
in
Mr.
Thomas
Edwards
.
in
the
end
of
his
Book
,
he
made
a
Catalogue
of
all
the
Hereticks
that
then
tore
the
Bowels
of
the
Church
:
Yea
he
continued
these
labours
when
the
Persecution
was
at
the
hottest
,
not
hiding
his
head
,
though
the
times
were
so
dangerous
.
Once
in
great
triumph
,
A
Souldiers
humility
.
all
the
Emperour
Severus
his
Souldiers
,
for
the
greater
pomp
,
were
to
put
on
Crowns
of
Bayes
;
but
one
Christian
Souldier
there
was
amongst
them
,
who
wore
it
on
his
Arm
;
and
being
demanded
the
reason
,
he
boldly
answered
,
Non
decet
Christianum
in
hac
vita
Coronari
,
that
a
Christian
ought
not
to
wear
his
Crown
in
this
life
:
Upon
which
occasion
Tertullian
wrote
his
Book
De
Corona
Militis
.
Cyprian
when
he
would
read
Tertullian
,
used
to
say
,
Da
Magistrum
,
give
me
my
Master
.
His
frequency
in
prayer
.
His
manner
was
constantly
to
pray
thrice
a
day
,
at
the
third
,
sixth
,
and
ninth
hours
.
Writing
De
quatuor
novissimis
,
of
Death
,
Judgment
,
Heaven
,
and
Hell
,
he
saith
,
Haec
nos
aliquando
risimus
,
cum
de
vobis
fuimus
:
fiunt
,
non
nascuntur
Christiani
.
I
sometimes
scoffed
at
these
things
when
I
was
a
Heathen
;
I
now
perceive
that
we
are
not
born
,
but
made
Christians
.
He
was
converted
by
reading
the
Scriptures
,
The
manner
of
his
conversion
.
and
the
labours
of
other
learned
and
holy
men
.
In
reading
the
Scriptures
,
he
found
them
full
of
Majesty
,
and
truth
:
And
saith
he
,
Quicquid
agitur
,
praenunciabatur
:
Whatsoever
is
done
,
was
in
them
foretold
;
and
after
his
conversion
,
His
study
of
the
Scriptures
.
he
was
taken
up
night
&
day
in
the
reading
of
them
,
and
did
with
great
pains
get
much
of
them
by
heart
,
and
that
so
exactly
that
he
knew
each
period
.
He
highly
commended
Severus
,
for
that
knowing
many
Noble
men
and
women
to
be
Christians
,
he
did
not
only
not
punish
them
,
but
greatly
praised
them
,
and
did
publickly
withstand
such
as
were
their
enemies
.
Yet
notwithstanding
the
great
Learning
,
The
danger
of
envy
.
and
famous
Vertues
of
this
worthy
man
,
through
envy
(
as
it
is
conceived
)
at
the
Roman
Clergy
,
he
fell
into
the
Error
of
Montanus
:
so
that
,
though
the
glory
of
some
of
his
writings
was
darkned
by
his
Errors
:
yet
his
Learning
shewed
in
those
very
writings
is
admired
by
all
Posterities
,
insomuch
as
Cyprian
,
that
excellent
Martyr
,
would
let
no
day
pass
without
reading
some
part
of
him
.
His
death
.
He
dyed
in
Peace
about
the
63
year
of
his
age
,
Anno
Christi
202.
Some
of
his
usual
sayings
were
these
,
If
thou
beest
backward
in
thoughts
of
Repentance
,
His
sayings
.
be
forwards
in
thoughts
of
Hell
,
the
burning
flames
whereof
only
the
tears
of
a
penitent
Eye
can
extinguish
.
If
the
Devils
without
Christs
leave
had
no
power
over
the
Gadarens
Swine
,
much
less
have
they
power
over
Gods
own
Sheep
.
We
should
not
try
mens
faith
by
their
persons
,
but
their
persons
by
their
faith
.
It
s
in
vain
to
come
to
the
God
of
Peace
,
without
peace
;
or
to
pray
for
the
remission
of
our
own
sins
,
without
for
giving
others
.
We
must
not
come
to
make
an
attonement
with
God
at
his
Altar
,
before
we
have
made
attonement
with
our
Brother
in
our
hearts
.
His
Works
are
contained
in
several
Tomes
,
His
works
.
Quaedam
enim
in
usum
Ecclesiae
;
&
pro
Ecclesia
,
quaedam
contra
Ecclesiam
scripta
sunt
:
Primi
generis
sunt
,
De
Patientia
,
lib.
1.
De
carne
Christi
,
l.
1.
De
Resurrectione
carnis
,
l.
1.
De
Praescriptionibus
adversus
Haereticos
,
l.
1.
Adversus
Judeos
,
l.
1.
Adversus
Marcionem
,
l.
5.
Adversus
Hermoginem
,
l.
1.
Adversus
Praxeam
,
l.
1.
De
Corona
Militis
,
l.
1.
Ad
Martyres
,
l.
1.
De
Virginibus
velandis
,
l.
1.
De
Habitu
Muliebri
,
l.
1.
De
Cultu
Faeminarum
,
l.
1.
Ad
Uxorem
,
l.
2.
Ad
Scapulam
,
l.
1.
De
Pallio
,
l.
1.
De
Testimonio
Animae
,
l.
1.
De
Anima
,
l.
1.
De
Spectaculis
,
l.
1.
De
Baptismo
,
l.
1.
Contra
Gnosticos
,
l.
1.
De
Idololatria
,
l.
1.
De
Judaicis
Cibis
Epistola
.
De
Oratione
.
Apologeticus
.
Alterius
Generis
.
De
Fuga
in
Persecutione
.
De
Exhortatione
Castitatis
.
De
Monogamia
,
De
Pudicitia
.
De
Jejunio
.
The
Life
of
Clemens
Alexandrinus
,
who
flourished
,
Anno
Christi
,
196.
SCultetus
saith
,
that
the
Parentage
,
Country
,
Birth
,
Breeding
,
and
manner
of
Conversion
of
Clemens
are
uncertain
,
some
would
have
him
to
be
born
at
Athens
:
But
certain
it
is
,
that
he
was
the
Disciple
of
Pontenus
,
who
moderated
in
the
Catechistical
School
at
Alexandria
,
and
after
his
death
Clemens
succeeded
in
that
Office
,
His
Learning
and
Ordination
.
whence
he
was
called
Alexandrinus
.
He
most
flourished
about
the
year
of
Christ
▪
196.
He
was
endowed
with
all
manner
of
Polite
Learning
&
was
ordained
Presbyter
in
Alexandria
,
where
,
by
his
servent
zeal
and
piety
he
much
propagated
the
Christian
faith
,
Phot●nus
speaking
of
his
writings
,
saith
thus
of
them
;
Dictio
est
florida
,
quaeque
assurgit
in
Majestatem
cum
suavitate
conjuncta
,
in
quibus
etiam
est
eruditio
multa
,
&
decens
.
That
the
language
is
flourishing
,
and
ariseth
into
a
certain
majesty
joined
with
sweetness
,
wherein
is
much
Learning
in
a
comly
manner
adorned
and
set
forth
.
His
zeal
against
heresies
.
He
was
an
excellent
Historian
,
and
a
zealous
Confuter
of
the
Heresies
of
his
times
.
He
wrote
many
Works
,
most
of
which
are
perished
with
time
,
to
the
great
prejudice
of
the
Church
,
and
grief
of
the
Learned
:
Only
three
remain
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
ad
Gentes
:
Pedagogus
:
&
Stromata
.
In
the
first
,
His
writings
.
he
exhorts
the
Gentiles
and
Heathens
to
embrace
the
Christian
Faith
.
In
the
second
he
informs
those
which
were
newly
converted
how
to
carry
themselves
.
In
the
third
,
he
directs
grown
Christians
in
the
Doctrines
which
were
fit
for
them
in
that
estate
.
He
complains
much
of
the
decay
of
zeal
,
and
of
the
want
of
the
power
of
godliness
amongst
Professors
in
his
time
.
He
was
Master
to
Origen
,
who
also
succeeded
him
in
his
place
in
Alexandria
.
He
was
excellently
versed
in
the
Holy
Scriptures
,
and
very
careful
to
preserve
the
Doctrines
which
he
had
received
from
his
Predecessors
in
purity
;
whereupon
in
his
first
Book
entituled
Stromatôn
,
he
thus
writeth
:
This
present
Tract
of
mine
is
not
made
for
any
Ostentation
,
but
these
Monuments
are
laid
up
as
helps
against
weakness
of
memory
in
my
old
age
,
that
it
may
be
to
me
a
plain
Image
and
Portracture
of
that
effectual
and
lively
Doctrine
which
I
was
thought
worthy
to
hear
,
&c.
The
time
and
manner
of
his
death
is
uncertain
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
That
such
as
adorn
themselves
with
gold
,
and
think
themselves
bettered
thereby
,
are
worse
then
gold
,
and
not
Lords
of
it
,
as
all
that
have
it
ought
to
be
.
Out
of
the
depth
and
bowels
of
the
Earth
hath
God
discovered
and
shewed
gold
unto
men
,
and
they
have
made
it
the
occasion
of
all
mischief
and
wickedness
.
Gold
to
many
men
is
much
dearer
then
their
Faith
and
Honesty
:
and
the
love
of
it
makes
many
so
covetous
,
as
if
they
were
to
live
here
for
ever
.
Avarice
is
not
the
vice
of
gold
,
but
of
men
which
use
it
wickedly
.
Scripsit
non
pauca
:
His
works
.
Ex
quibus
ad
nos
pervenerunt
tria
opuscula
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
ad
Gentes
,
Paedagogus
.
Stromata
.
ORIGEN
The
Life
of
Origen
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
220.
ORigen
was
born
Anno
Christi
189.
His
birrth
.
His
Father
,
Grand-Father
,
and
Great
Grand-Father
were
Christians
.
He
was
by
his
Father
Leonides
trained
up
from
his
Infancy
in
the
Christian
Religion
,
His
parentage
,
and
education
.
and
other
good
Literature
,
but
especially
in
the
knowledge
of
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
who
demanded
of
him
daily
a
certain
task
,
and
caused
him
to
rehearse
the
same
:
and
he
(
though
a
childe
)
rested
not
in
the
bare
words
of
the
Scripture
,
but
sought
farther
into
the
profound
sence
,
and
meaning
of
them
,
so
that
divers
times
he
would
gravel
his
Father
in
the
questions
which
he
propounded
to
him
:
For
this
his
Father
checked
him
to
his
face
,
admonishing
him
not
to
search
beyond
the
capacity
of
his
years
,
nor
beyond
that
the
plain
letter
gave
to
understand
:
Yet
inwardly
he
rejoiced
greatly
,
yielding
unto
God
hearty
thanks
,
who
had
made
him
the
Father
of
such
a
son
:
Yea
,
he
many
times
uncovered
the
Breast
of
his
Son
as
he
lay
asleep
,
and
kissed
it
,
as
the
Temple
wherein
the
Holy
Ghost
had
taken
up
his
residence
:
He
was
called
Origen
Adamantius
:
the
first
name
was
given
him
for
his
sublime
and
Divine
speculations
,
The
reasons
of
his
names
.
who
by
sweet
and
mellifluous
Allegories
,
carries
his
Readers
affections
from
terrene
to
heavenly
meditations
and
contemplations
:
The
second
name
he
had
from
the
nature
of
the
Adamant
,
whose
lustre
and
hardness
giveth
it
renown
:
for
such
was
this
mans
Noble
and
Generous
minde
,
that
he
was
not
daunted
,
nor
affrighted
with
any
dangers
,
or
afllictions
whatsoever
.
When
he
was
but
seventeen
years
old
,
His
early
desire
of
Martyrdom
.
his
Father
being
carried
to
Prison
,
he
had
such
a
fervent
minde
to
suffer
Martyrdom
with
him
,
that
he
would
have
thrust
himself
into
the
Persecutors
hands
,
had
it
not
been
for
his
Mother
,
who
in
the
night
time
privily
stole
away
his
clothes
,
and
his
very
shirt
also
:
whereupon
more
for
shame
to
be
seen
naked
,
then
for
fear
to
die
,
he
was
constrained
to
remain
at
home
:
Yet
when
he
could
do
no
more
,
he
wrote
a
Letter
to
his
Father
in
Prison
,
in
which
he
exhorted
him
thus
,
He
encourages
his
Father
.
Vide
●ater
,
ne
quid
meâ
causâ
secus
facias
:
See
,
O
Father
,
that
you
do
not
change
your
resolution
for
my
sake
.
After
the
death
of
his
Father
,
and
the
confiscation
of
all
his
goods
to
the
Emperor
,
he
with
his
poor
Mother
and
six
Brethren
were
brought
to
such
extream
poverty
,
that
he
was
forced
to
sustain
himself
and
them
by
teaching
a
Grammar
School
,
till
at
length
being
weary
of
that
Profession
,
he
wholly
betook
himself
to
the
study
of
the
Scriptures
and
Divinity
:
His
studies
.
He
also
studied
the
Languages
,
and
profited
very
much
in
the
knowledge
of
Hebrew
,
and
other
Tongues
,
comparing
the
Hebrew
Text
with
the
Septuagint
,
as
also
with
other
Translations
of
Aquila
,
Symachus
,
and
Theo●osion
:
and
thus
casting
himself
upon
the
Divine
Providence
for
his
subsistence
,
God
provides
for
him
.
it
pleased
God
,
that
he
was
entertained
by
a
religious
and
rich
Matron
,
together
with
his
Mother
,
and
Brethren
:
This
Gentlewoman
had
also
in
her
house
at
the
same
time
a
certain
man
of
Antioch
,
a
notable
Heretick
,
who
so
plausibly
demeaned
himself
,
that
she
entertained
him
as
her
dear
friend
and
son
:
Origen
being
by
this
means
necessitated
to
frequent
his
company
,
shewed
forth
manifest
proof
of
his
cleaving
to
the
right
and
true
Faith
:
His
hatred
of
Heresie
.
For
when
as
a
great
multitude
not
only
of
Hereticks
,
but
of
the
Orthodox
also
frequented
the
Lectures
of
this
〈◊〉
(
for
so
was
his
name
)
being
counted
a
wise
and
profound
man
,
yet
Origen
would
never
be
perswaded
to
join
with
him
in
Prayer
,
detesting
his
Heretical
Doctrines
.
During
this
time
he
applyed
himself
to
the
study
of
Rhetorick
,
and
other
humane
Learning
,
wherein
he
profited
exceedingly
:
and
so
being
wel
accomplished
with
Learning
,
and
the
Catechist-School
at
Alexandria
being
void
at
that
time
,
every
one
being
forced
away
by
the
Thunderbolt
of
Persecution
,
he
set
upon
Preaching
there
,
being
now
about
18
years
old
.
Unto
his
Lectures
many
of
the
Gentiles
resorted
,
His
early
Preaching
.
and
were
by
Gods
blessing
upon
his
Ministry
converted
,
as
one
Plutarch
,
who
was
afterwards
crowned
with
Martyrdom
,
and
Heracles
his
Brother
,
who
afterward
succeeded
Demetrius
in
the
Bishoprick
of
Alexandria
,
and
many
others
.
In
this
imployment
he
prospered
exceedingly
,
and
purchased
to
himself
a
famous
name
amongst
all
the
faithful
,
He
inconrageth
the
Martyrs
.
in
that
he
cheerfully
imbraced
and
incouraged
all
the
Martyrs
,
not
only
of
his
acquaintance
,
but
even
such
as
were
unknown
unto
him
.
He
visited
such
as
were
in
deep
Dungeons
and
close
Imprisonment
,
encouraged
them
when
they
were
to
receive
their
last
sentence
,
and
after
their
sentence
pronounced
yea
he
accompanyed
them
to
the
place
of
Execution
,
putting
himself
often
into
great
danger
thereby
:
He
boldly
imbraced
,
and
kissed
them
at
their
farewel
,
so
that
once
the
Heathens
in
their
furious
rage
had
stoned
him
to
death
,
Gods
Providence
over
him
.
if
the
Divine
power
of
God
had
not
marvellously
delivered
him
.
And
the
same
Divine
Power
and
Providence
of
God
did
at
many
other
times
protect
and
defend
him
,
even
so
oft
as
cannot
be
told
,
being
assaulted
by
the
Adversaries
for
his
prompt
minde
,
and
invincible
courage
in
publishing
the
Doctrine
of
Christ
.
Yea
,
The
Gentiles
hated
him
extreamly
.
so
extreamly
was
he
hated
by
the
Infidels
,
that
Souldiers
were
oft
fain
to
be
hired
to
watch
about
his
house
by
the
multitudes
of
those
that
repaired
to
him
to
be
instructed
in
the
Christian
Faith
;
and
the
Enemies
rage
was
so
vehemently
bent
against
him
for
this
cause
,
that
he
could
not
pass
safely
in
the
streets
of
Alexandria
;
he
was
also
forced
oft
to
change
his
lodging
,
The
fruit
of
his
Ministry
.
thereby
to
prevent
the
pursuers
.
As
he
taught
,
so
he
lived
;
and
as
he
lived
,
so
he
taught
:
and
Gods
Grace
working
exceedingly
with
and
by
him
,
multitudes
were
converted
to
the
Christian
Faith
by
his
Ministry
:
Hereupon
Demetrius
the
Bishop
divolved
the
whole
charge
and
care
of
the
School
upon
him
alone
,
and
he
judging
the
reading
of
Humanity
to
be
out
of
season
,
wholly
applyed
himself
to
Divinity-Lectures
:
and
afterwards
(
his
necessities
being
urgent
)
upon
the
advice
of
his
friends
he
sold
all
his
Authors
of
Humanity
,
which
he
had
diligently
perused
,
and
now
lay
by
him
,
to
one
,
upon
condition
that
he
should
allow
him
two
pence
a
day
for
his
maintenance
,
wherewith
he
contented
himself
:
And
to
cut
off
all
occasions
of
youthly
concupiscence
,
His
Chastity
.
all
the
day
long
he
spent
in
the
forenamed
exercises
,
and
a
great
part
of
the
night
he
spent
in
meditating
upon
the
Holy
Scriptures
,
taking
his
rest
only
for
a
few
hours
,
and
that
not
in
his
bed
,
but
on
the
bare
ground
:
He
used
also
Fasting
often
,
and
expounding
the
saying
of
our
Saviour
literally
,
would
not
wear
two
Coats
,
neither
Shooes
,
but
went
barefoot
,
not
taking
care
for
the
time
to
come
with
a
greedy
or
covetous
desire
.
He
in●ired
himself
to
cold
and
nakedness
,
and
abstinence
from
Wine
,
even
to
the
amazement
of
his
familiar
friends
,
and
to
the
offence
of
many
who
would
willingly
have
relieved
his
necessities
:
By
these
means
he
was
in
great
danger
(
through
weakness
of
limbs
,
and
faintness
of
body
)
to
have
destroyed
and
cast
away
himself
:
Yet
this
his
strict
course
of
life
won
many
,
not
of
the
common
people
only
,
but
of
the
wise
,
learned
and
rich
,
to
become
zealous
followers
of
his
Doctrine
,
many
of
which
in
those
times
of
Persecution
suffered
for
the
same
,
as
you
may
see
more
at
large
in
my
General
Martyrologie
.
Having
many
Matrons
and
Virgins
,
who
upon
sundry
occasions
resorted
to
him
,
to
prevent
temptations
to
uncleanness
,
mistaking
those
words
of
our
Saviour
Christ
,
He
gelded
himself
.
There
are
some
that
make
themselves
Eunuchs
for
the
Kingdom
of
Heaven
sake
:
he
gelded
himself
,
the
rather
to
prevent
such
slanderous
reports
as
might
be
raised
of
him
,
to
the
scandal
of
the
Gospel
.
The
Church
of
Achaia
being
at
this
time
vexed
with
divers
Heresies
,
Origen
was
singled
out
,
and
being
furnished
with
Letters
Testimonial
from
the
Church
,
was
sent
to
confute
them
.
As
he
passed
through
Palestine
,
He
is
ordained
a
Presbyter
.
he
was
by
the
Bishops
ordained
a
Presbyter
,
that
thereby
he
might
be
armed
with
the
more
Authority
against
the
Hereticks
:
wherein
he
did
not
run
before
he
was
sent
.
But
his
Life
and
Doctrine
grew
so
renowned
and
eminent
,
as
stirred
up
envie
in
the
hearts
of
some
against
him
,
especially
in
Demetrius
the
Bishop
,
He
is
envyed
by
his
great
friend
.
who
had
formerly
loved
and
preferred
him
:
So
that
now
on
the
contrary
,
he
did
all
he
could
to
darken
and
obscure
his
fame
:
Hereupon
he
ript
up
Origens
faults
,
and
by
his
Writings
published
them
to
the
World
▪
upbraiding
him
especially
with
that
rash
and
inconsiderate
act
of
dismembring
himself
,
for
which
he
judged
him
unfit
for
the
Ministerial
Office
:
Thus
in
the
height
of
Origens
fame
these
things
were
divulged
,
and
his
adversary
was
potent
,
and
thereupon
he
was
forced
to
give
way
to
the
storm
,
and
to
yield
to
the
importunity
of
his
enviers
,
He
is
forced
to
leave
Alexandria
.
and
so
left
Alexandria
,
yet
always
retained
his
constancy
and
courage
,
Preaching
the
Gospel
with
all
diligence
and
painfulness
,
striving
to
convert
many
to
Christ
,
not
troubling
the
Church
with
Schism
,
nor
yet
requiting
his
Adversary
with
ill
language
,
but
on
the
contrray
,
speaking
well
of
his
slanderers
.
The
principal
place
wherein
he
taught
was
●aesarea
of
Palestine
,
where
he
instructed
many
in
the
Faith
,
and
saw
the
fruits
of
his
labours
in
the
Conversion
of
many
to
God
,
which
afterwards
proved
famous
in
the
Church
of
Christ
.
He
instructs
the
Emperours
Mother
.
Mammaea
also
the
Mother
of
Alexander
Severus
the
Emperour
hearing
of
his
fame
,
sent
for
him
to
Antioch
.
and
after
she
had
been
instructed
by
him
in
the
Christian
Faith
,
dismissed
him
honourably
.
After
this
he
wrote
a
learned
Epistle
to
Philip
the
Emperour
,
who
was
deemed
the
first
Christian
King
of
the
Romans
.
He
reclaimed
Ambrose
from
the
heresie
of
the
Marcionites
.
He
never
affected
wealth
,
He
reclaimed
Ambrose
.
but
contented
himself
in
a
low
condition
,
whereas
having
so
many
and
great
friends
,
he
might
have
abounded
in
wealth
if
he
had
pleased
.
Afterwards
he
returned
to
Alexandria
again
,
and
laboured
hard
in
the
affairs
of
the
Church
,
so
that
he
continued
above
the
space
of
52
years
,
in
Teaching
,
Writing
,
Confuting
,
Exhorting
,
and
Expounding
the
Scriptures
,
even
to
the
time
of
Decius
and
Gallus
Divers
and
great
persecutions
he
sustained
,
His
Persecutions
.
and
sometimes
was
so
eagerly
pursued
,
that
scarce
any
shifting
of
Place
or
Country
could
preserve
him
.
In
the
Reign
of
Decius
for
the
Doctrine
of
Christ
he
under-went
bands
and
torments
in
his
body
,
rackings
with
bars
of
Irons
,
Dungeons
,
besides
terrible
threats
of
death
and
burning
,
and
divers
and
sundry
other
torments
which
he
manfully
and
constantly
suffered
for
Christ
.
At
length
hearing
that
some
Christians
were
carried
to
an
Idol-Temple
to
force
them
to
Sacrifice
,
he
out
of
his
zeal
ran
thither
to
encourage
and
disswade
them
from
it
.
He
is
ensnared
.
This
was
the
opportunity
which
his
Adversaries
expected
,
and
therefore
letting
go
the
other
,
they
laid
hold
upon
him
,
putting
him
to
his
choice
,
whether
he
would
offer
Incense
to
the
Idol
,
or
have
his
body
defiled
with
a
fowl
and
ugly
Black-More
,
which
they
had
prepared
for
the
purpose
.
Origen
being
in
a
miserable
straight
,
at
last
chose
rather
to
offer
Incense
then
to
have
his
chast
body
polluted
by
so
filthy
a
creature
;
Then
did
they
presently
put
Incense
into
his
trembling
hands
,
and
whilest
he
demurred
upon
it
,
they
took
his
hands
and
caused
him
to
throw
it
into
the
fire
:
whereupon
they
presently
cryed
out
,
Origen
hath
sacrificed
,
Origen
hath
sacrificed
.
He
is
Excommunicated
.
After
which
fact
he
was
excommunicated
by
the
Church
;
and
so
being
filled
with
shame
and
sorrow
,
he
left
Alexandria
and
went
into
Judea
,
and
when
he
came
to
Jerusalem
,
being
well
known
for
his
learned
Expositions
,
and
gift
of
Utterance
,
he
was
intreated
by
the
Ministers
to
bestow
a
Sermon
upon
the
People
in
the
Church
and
open
Assembly
,
and
after
much
importunity
,
A
special
Providence
.
being
in
a
manner
constrained
thereto
,
he
stood
up
,
took
his
Bible
,
opened
it
,
and
the
first
place
that
he
cast
his
eye
upon
was
this
portion
of
Scripture
;
Vnto
the
wicked
saith
God
Why
dost
thous
Preach
my
Laws
,
Psal.
50.
16.
and
takest
my
Covenant
into
thy
Mouth
Which
Text
so
soon
as
he
had
read
,
he
clapsed
the
Book
,
sat
down
,
and
burst
out
into
abundance
of
tears
,
the
whole
Congregation
weeping
with
him
also
,
so
that
he
was
unable
to
say
any
more
unto
them
.
His
torments
of
Conscience
.
After
this
he
wandred
up
and
down
in
great
greif
and
torment
of
Conscience
,
and
wrote
this
Lamentation
:
In
the
bitterness
and
grief
of
mind
,
His
Lamentation
.
I
go
about
t●
speak
unto
them
Which
hereafter
shall
read
this
confused
writing
.
But
how
can
I
speak
when
my
tongue
is
tyed
up
,
and
my
lips
dare
not
once
move
or
wag
?
My
tongue
doth
not
his
office
,
my
throat
is
dryed
up
,
and
all
my
senses
and
instruments
are
polluted
with
iniquity
.
But
I
will
proceed
,
and
first
I
will
fall
to
the
ground
on
my
bare
knees
,
and
make
my
humble
supplication
unto
the
Saints
that
they
will
help
me
,
filthy
wretch
,
which
by
reason
of
my
sins
dare
not
crave
ought
at
the
hands
of
God
.
He
means
the
living
Saints
.
O
ye
Saints
and
blessed
of
God
,
with
waterish
eyes
,
and
wet
cheeks
soaked
in
dolour
and
pain
,
I
beseech
you
to
fall
down
before
the
Seat
of
Almighty
God
,
for
me
miserable
sinner
.
Wo
is
me
because
of
the
sorrow
of
my
heart
:
wo
is
me
that
my
Soul
is
thus
afflicted
,
wo
is
me
that
I
am
compassed
thus
on
every
side
,
and
shut
up
in
my
sin
,
so
that
there
is
no
health
in
me
.
Wo
is
me
my
Mother
that
ever
thou
broughtest
me
forth
,
for
a
skilful
Lawyer
to
be
overthrown
in
his
unrighteous
dealing
:
for
a
religious
man
to
fall
into
extream
impiety
.
Wo
is
me
my
Mother
that
broughtest
me
forth
,
a
righteous
man
to
be
conversant
in
unrighteousness
;
an
heir
of
the
Kingdom
of
God
to
be
now
an
inheritor
of
the
Kingdom
of
the
Devil
:
A
Minister
to
be
found
wallowing
in
impiety
:
A
man
beautified
with
honour
and
dignity
,
to
be
in
the
end
blemished
with
shame
and
ignominy
,
yea
beset
with
many
evils
,
and
choaked
with
infamous
doings
.
Wo
is
me
my
Mother
that
broughtest
me
forth
a
lofty
Turret
,
yet
suddenly
thrown
to
the
ground
:
a
fruitful
Tree
,
yet
quickly
withered
;
a
burning
light
,
yet
forthwith
darkened
:
A
running
Fountain
,
yet
by
and
by
dryed
up
.
Wo
is
me
that
ever
I
was
decked
with
Gifts
and
Graces
,
and
now
seem
pityfully
deprived
of
all
:
But
who
will
minister
moisture
to
my
head
?
and
who
will
give
streams
of
tears
unto
mine
eyes
,
that
I
may
bewail
my self
in
this
my
sorrowful
plight
?
Alass
O
my
Ministry
,
how
shall
I
lament
thee
?
O
all
ye
my
friends
tender
my
case
,
and
pitty
my
person
that
am
so
dangerously
wounded
?
Pity
me
O
ye
all
my
friends
▪
who
am
now
become
an
abject
person
.
Pity
me
O
ye
my
friends
,
for
that
I
am
now
with
sorrow
come
to
naught
.
Pity
me
O
ye
my
friends
,
for
that
I
have
now
trodden
under
foot
the
Seal
and
Cognizance
of
my
Profession
,
and
joined
in
league
with
the
Devil
.
Pity
me
O
ye
my
friends
,
for
that
I
am
rejected
,
and
cast
away
from
before
the
Face
of
God
:
It
is
for
my
lewd
life
that
I
am
thus
polluted
and
branded
with
open
shame
The
Lord
hath
made
and
engrafted
me
into
a
fruitful
vine
;
but
instead
of
pleasant
clusters
I
have
brought
forth
pricking
thorns
,
instead
of
grapes
I
have
brought
forth
brambles
.
But
let
the
Wel-springs
of
tears
be
stirred
up
,
and
let
my
cheeks
be
watered
:
let
them
flow
upon
the
Earth
and
moisten
it
,
for
that
I
am
born
in
iniquity
,
and
souked
in
sin
&c.
Alas
what
have
I
felt
,
and
how
am
I
faln
?
Alas
how
am
I
thus
come
to
naught
?
There
is
no
sorrow
comparable
to
my
sorrow
;
there
is
no
affliction
that
exceedeth
my
affliction
;
no
bitterness
that
passeth
my
bitterness
:
no
lamentation
more
lamentable
then
mine
;
neither
is
there
any
sin
greater
then
my
sin
,
and
there
is
no
salve
for
me
.
Where
is
that
good
Sipherd
of
Souls
?
Where
is
he
that
went
down
from
Jerusalem
to
Jericho
,
which
salved
and
cured
him
which
was
wounded
by
the
Theives
?
Seek
me
out
O
Lord
,
that
am
faln
from
the
higher
▪
Jerusalem
:
which
have
broken
the
vow
I
made
in
Baptism
:
which
have
prophaned
my
Cognisance
in
that
I
dealt
injuriously
with
thy
blessed
Name
.
Al●ss
that
ever
I
was
Doctor
,
and
now
occupie
not
the
room
of
a
Disciple
!
Thou
knowest
O
Lord
,
that
I
fell
against
my
will
:
whereas
I
went
about
to
enlighten
others
,
I
darkened
my self
:
when
I
endeavoured
to
bring
others
from
death
to
life
,
I
brought
my self
from
life
to
death
.
When
I
minded
to
present
others
before
God
,
presented
my self
before
the
Devil
.
When
I
desired
to
be
found
a
friend
and
favourer
of
godliness
,
I
was
found
a
foe
and
furtherer
of
iniquity
;
when
I
set
my self
against
the
Assemblies
of
the
wicked
,
and
reproved
their
doings
,
there
found
I
shame
,
and
the
most
pestilent
wound
of
the
Devil
.
Some
promised
me
to
be
Baptized
:
but
after
that
I
departed
from
them
,
the
Devil
the
same
night
transformed
himself
into
an
Angel
of
Light
,
and
said
into
me
:
When
thou
art
up
in
the
morning
,
go
on
,
and
perswade
them
,
and
bring
them
to
God
:
But
the
Devil
going
before
me
prepared
the
way
by
whetting
their
wits
to
devise
mischief
against
me
,
silly-wretch
,
sowing
in
their
mindes
hypocrisie
,
dissimulation
and
deceit
.
But
I
(
O
unhappy
creature
)
skipping
out
of
my
bed
at
the
dawning
of
the
day
,
could
not
finish
my
wonted
Devotion
neither
accomplish
my
usual
Prayers
,
desiring
that
all
men
might
be
saved
,
and
come
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Truth
,
whilest
in
the
mean
time
I
wrapped
my self
in
the
snares
of
the
Devil
.
I
gat
me
to
those
wicked
men
;
I
required
of
them
to
perform
the
Covenant
made
the
night
before
,
I
silly
soul
not
knowing
their
subtilty
,
and
we
came
to
the
Baptism
.
O
blinded
heart
,
how
didst
thou
not
remember
?
O
foolish
minde
,
how
didst
thou
not
bethink
thy self
?
O
witless
brain
,
how
didst
thou
not
understand
?
But
it
was
the
Devil
that
lulled
thee
asleep
,
and
in
the
end
slew
thy
unhappy
and
wretched
Soul
.
He
bound
my
power
and
might
,
and
so
wounded
me
.
I
answered
but
in
a
word
,
and
became
reproachfully
defamed
.
I
spake
without
malice
,
yet
felt
I
spite
.
The
Devil
raised
an
assembly
about
me
,
and
prononnced
against
me
that
unjust
sentence
,
Origen
hath
sacrificed
.
O
thou
Devil
,
what
hast
thou
done
unto
me
?
How
hast
thou
wounded
me
?
I
bewailed
sometimes
the
fall
of
Sampson
,
but
now
have
I
faln
worse
my self
:
I
bewailed
formerly
the
fall
of
Solomon
,
but
now
have
I
faln
far
worse
my self
:
I
have
bewailed
formerly
the
state
of
all
sinners
,
yet
now
am
I
plunged
into
sin
my self
:
Sampson
had
his
hair
cut
off
;
but
the
Crown
of
glory
is
faln
off
my
head
.
Sampson
lost
the
carnal
eyes
of
his
body
;
but
my
spiritual
eyes
are
put
out
.
It
was
the
williness
of
a
woman
that
brought
confusion
upon
him
:
but
it
was
my
tongue
that
brought
me
into
this
sinful
condition
:
And
as
he
afterwards
wanted
the
comfort
of
his
Earthly
possessions
:
so
my
tongue
by
this
wickedness
hath
deprived
me
of
those
spiritual
gifts
,
which
sometimes
have
flowen
into
me
with
heavenly
riches
.
And
as
he
endured
those
things
by
leaving
the
Israelites
,
and
cleaving
unto
forreiners
.
So
I
going
about
to
save
notorious
sinners
,
made
my self
Captive
to
Captives
,
and
a
bondslave
unto
sin
.
Alass
my
Church
liveth
,
yet
I
am
a
Widdower
.
My
Sons
be
alive
,
yet
I
am
barren
:
Every
creature
rejoyceth
,
and
I
alone
am
desolate
and
sorrowfull
,
&c.
Bewail
me
O
ye
blessed
people
of
God
,
who
am
banished
from
God
:
Bewail
me
who
am
deprived
of
all
goodness
Bewail
me
who
am
deprived
of
the
Holy
Ghost
.
Bewail
me
who
am
thrust
out
of
the
Wedding
Chamber
of
Christ
.
Bewail
me
who
was
once
thought
worthy
the
Kingdom
of
God
,
but
am
now
altogether
unworthy
.
Bewail
me
who
am
abhorred
of
the
Angels
,
and
severed
from
the
Saints
of
God
.
Bewail
me
for
that
I
am
condemned
to
eternal
punishments
.
Bewail
me
for
that
I
am
here
on
earth
,
and
yet
am
tormented
with
the
prick
of
conscience
.
I
do
fear
death
for
that
I
am
wicked
.
I
do
fear
the
dreadfull
Day
of
Judgment
for
that
I
am
damned
for
ever
.
I
do
fear
the
punishment
,
for
that
it
is
eternal
.
I
do
fear
the
evil
Angels
that
oversee
the
punishment
because
they
are
void
of
mercy
.
I
do
fear
out
of
measure
all
the
torments
;
and
what
I
shall
do
I
wot
not
,
being
thus
on
every
side
beset
with
misery
.
If
there
be
any
man
that
can
,
I
beseech
him
now
to
assist
me
with
his
earnest
prayers
and
sorrowfull
tears
.
For
now
it
behoveth
me
to
shed
infinite
tears
for
my
great
sin
:
who
knoweth
whether
the
Lord
will
have
mercy
upon
me
,
and
whether
he
will
pitty
my
fall
?
Whether
he
will
tender
my
person
?
Whether
he
will
be
moved
with
my
desolation
?
Whether
he
will
shew
mercy
unto
me
?
Whether
he
will
have
respect
to
my
humiliation
,
and
incline
his
tender
compassions
towards
me
?
I
will
prostrate
my self
before
the
threshold
and
porch
of
his
Church
,
that
I
may
intreat
all
people
both
small
and
great
,
saying
unto
them
,
Trample
and
tread
me
under
foot
who
am
the
unsavory
salt
;
tread
upon
me
who
have
no
taste
nor
savour
of
God
:
tread
upon
me
which
am
fit
for
nothing
.
Now
let
the
elders
mourn
,
for
that
the
staff
whereon
they
leaned
is
broken
.
Now
let
the
young
men
mourn
,
for
that
their
Schoolmaster
is
fallen
.
Now
let
the
virgins
mourn
,
for
that
the
advancer
of
virginity
is
defiled
.
Now
let
the
Ministers
mourn
,
for
that
their
Patron
and
Defender
is
shamefully
fallen
.
Wo
is
me
that
I
fell
so
lewdly
:
Wo
is
me
that
I
fell
most
dangerously
,
and
cannot
rise
again
.
Assist
me
O
holy
Spirit
,
and
give
me
grace
to
repent
.
Let
the
fountains
of
tears
be
opened
,
and
gush
out
into
streams
,
to
see
if
that
peradventure
I
may
have
the
grace
worthily
&
throughly
to
repent
,
and
to
wipe
out
of
the
Book
of
my
conscience
the
accusations
Printed
therein
against
me
.
But
thou
O
Lord
,
think
not
upon
my
polluted
lips
,
neither
weigh
thou
the
tongue
that
hath
uttered
lewd
things
:
but
accept
of
my
repentance
,
affliction
,
and
bitter
tears
,
the
dolour
of
my
heart
and
heaviness
of
my
soul
,
and
have
mercy
upon
me
,
and
raise
me
up
out
of
the
mire
of
corruption
,
for
the
puddle
thereof
hath
even
choaked
me
up
.
Wo
is
me
,
that
was
sometimes
a
pearl
glistering
in
the
golden
garland
of
glory
,
but
now
am
thrown
into
the
dust
,
and
trodden
in
the
mire
of
contempt
.
Wo
is
me
that
the
salt
of
God
now
lieth
on
the
dunghill
.
But
how
great
streams
of
lamentations
shall
cleanse
and
purifie
my
humble
heart
?
Now
I
will
address
my self
,
and
turn
my
talk
unto
God
;
Why
hast
thou
lifted
me
up
and
cast
me
down
?
For
as
thou
hast
:
exalted
me
with
the
Divine
word
of
thy
Heavenly
wisdom
,
so
me
thinks
I
stick
in
the
depth
of
sin
which
my self
hath
wrought
.
I
had
not
committed
this
impiety
,
unless
thou
hadst
withdrawn
thine
hand
from
me
.
But
it
is
thy
pleasure
O
Lord
which
art
good
to
do
all
things
graciously
,
and
I
on
the
other
side
being
a
fool
have
foolishly
fallen
.
But
why
,
O
Lord
,
hast
thou
shut
my
mouth
by
thy
holy
Prophet
David
?
Ha●e
I
been
the
first
that
sinned
?
Or
am
I
the
first
that
fell
?
Why
hast
thou
thus
forsaken
me
being
desolate
,
and
rejected
and
banished
me
from
amongst
thy
Saints
,
and
astonished
me
when
I
should
preach
thy
Laws
?
What
man
is
he
that
is
born
of
woman
,
that
sinneth
not
?
What
man
is
he
that
was
ever
conversant
here
on
earth
,
and
did
no
iniquity
?
Thus
I
say
,
because
thou
hast
forsaken
me
.
David
himself
who
hath
shut
up
my
mouth
,
sinned
too
bad
in
thy
sight
,
yet
upon
his
repentance
thou
receivedst
him
to
mercy
.
Peter
that
was
a
pillar
,
after
his
fall
,
wiped
it
away
with
salt
tears
,
not
continuing
long
in
the
puddle
of
his
infidelity
.
But
they
in
favour
were
thought
worthy
of
mercy
.
Wo
is
me
that
I
fell
most
wickedly
.
Wo
is
me
that
my
adventure
in
this
thing
proved
so
unfortunate
:
But
now
I
humbly
beseech
thee
O
Lord
,
call
me
back
for
that
I
tread
a
most
perilous
and
destructive
way
.
Grant
me
that
good
Guid
and
Instructer
,
the
Holy
Ghost
,
that
I
be
not
made
a
pricking
Hedge-hog
,
and
become
an
habitation
of
Devils
:
but
that
I
may
tread
under
foot
the
devil
that
trod
upon
me
,
&
overcoming
his
sleights
,
may
be
again
restored
to
the
joys
of
thy
salvation
.
Remember
not
,
O
Lord
,
the
iniquity
of
thine
humble
suiter
.
Remember
not
,
O
Lord
,
mine
iniquity
,
who
made
answer
with
wicked
language
.
Now
all
ye
which
behold
my
wound
,
tremble
for
fear
,
and
take
heed
that
ye
slumber
not
,
nor
fall
into
the
like
crime
:
but
rather
let
us
assemble
together
and
rendour
hearts
,
and
provoke
streams
of
tears
to
gush
out
of
our
heads
;
for
when
these
run
and
flow
upon
the
earth
,
there
will
follow
remission
of
sins
;
the
pains
will
be
avoided
,
and
the
torments
shall
not
be
felt
.
I
mourn
and
am
sorry
from
the
heart-root
,
O
ye
my
friends
,
that
ever
I
so
fell
:
I
am
fallen
and
am
bruised
,
so
that
there
is
no
health
in
me
:
Let
the
Angels
lament
over
me
because
of
this
my
dangerous
fall
.
Let
the
Assemblies
of
the
Saints
lament
over
me
,
for
that
I
am
severed
from
their
blessed
societies
.
Let
the
holy
Church
lament
over
me
,
for
that
I
am
wofully
declined
.
Let
all
the
people
lament
over
me
,
for
that
I
have
my
deaths
wound
.
I
see
the
clouds
in
the
skie
shadowing
the
light
from
me
,
and
the
Sun
hiding
his
bright
beams
:
You
all
do
now
see
that
the
Prophet
David
hath
shut
my
mouth
.
I
was
constrained
by
the
Bishops
to
speak
some
words
of
Exhortation
,
and
taking
the
Book
of
Psalms
into
my
hands
,
I
prayed
and
opened
the
Book
;
and
I
lighted
upon
this
sentence
which
I
am
ashamed
to
repeat
,
yet
compelled
to
pronounce
,
Unto
the
wicked
,
saith
God
,
Why
dost
thou
preach
my
Laws
,
and
takest
my
Covenant
in
thy
mouth
?
But
bewail
me
,
and
lament
this
my
bitter
sorrow
:
bewail
me
that
am
in
the
like
case
with
the
reprobate
Jews
;
for
that
which
was
said
unto
them
by
the
Prophet
,
now
soundeth
alike
in
mine
ears
.
What
shall
I
do
that
am
thus
beset
with
manifold
mischiefs
?
Alas
O
death
,
why
dost
thou
linger
?
Herein
thou
doest
spite
and
bear
me
malice
.
O
Satan
,
what
mischief
hast
thou
wrought
unto
me
?
How
hast
thou
pierced
my
breast
with
thy
poysonous
dart
?
Thinkst
thou
that
my
ruine
will
avail
thee
any
thing
at
all
?
Thinkst
thou
to
procure
to
thy self
any
ease
or
rest
whilst
that
I
am
grievously
tormented
?
Who
is
able
to
signifie
unto
thee
whether
my
sins
be
not
wiped
and
done
away
?
Whether
I
have
not
escaped
the
pains
which
I
grievously
feared
?
Who
is
able
to
signifie
unto
thee
whether
I
shall
not
again
be
coupled
with
and
made
a
companion
to
the
Saints
?
O
Lord
,
I
fall
down
before
thy
Mercy-seat
,
have
mercy
upon
me
who
mourn
thus
out
of
measure
,
because
I
have
greatly
offended
:
I
shed
many
salt
and
bitter
tears
,
and
every
living
creature
hath
lamented
my
miserable
condition
.
Why
hast
thou
broken
down
my
hedge
and
strong
holds
?
The
wild
Boar
out
of
the
Wood
hath
destroyed
me
,
and
the
wild
beasts
of
the
field
have
eaten
me
up
.
Rid
my
soul
,
O
Lord
,
from
the
roaring
Lion
.
The
Assembly
of
the
Saints
doth
make
intercession
for
me
who
am
an
unprofitable
servant
.
Shew
mercy
,
O
Lord
,
to
thy
wandring
sheep
which
is
subject
to
the
rending
teeth
of
the
ravenous
wolf
:
Save
me
,
O
Lord
,
out
of
his
mouth
;
suffer
me
not
to
become
the
sacrifice
of
sin
;
But
send
down
upon
me
thy
holy
Spirit
,
that
with
his
fiery
countenance
he
may
put
to
flight
the
crooked
fiend
of
Hell
,
that
I
may
be
brought
home
again
by
thy
Wisdom
,
that
the
Bill
of
Sin
written
against
me
may
be
blotted
out
,
that
my
lamentation
may
cease
in
the
evening
,
and
that
I
may
receive
joy
in
the
morning
.
Let
my
sackcloth
be
rent
asunder
,
and
gird
me
with
joy
and
gladness
.
Let
me
be
received
again
into
the
joy
of
my
God
:
Let
me
be
thought
worthy
of
his
Kingdom
through
the
earnest
Petitions
of
the
Church
,
which
sorroweth
over
me
,
and
humbleth
her self
to
Jesus
Christ
in
my
behalf
:
To
whom
with
the
Father
,
and
the
Holy
Ghost
be
all
glory
and
honour
for
ever
and
ever
.
Amen
.
Whilst
Origen
was
a
Catechist
at
Alexandria
,
His
studiousness
.
finding
himself
not
sufficient
,
neither
able
alone
to
search
out
the
profound
mysteries
of
the
holy
Scripture
,
neither
the
interpretation
and
right
sense
thereof
,
because
of
the
multitude
that
frequented
his
School
from
morning
till
night
in
several
companies
,
one
succeeding
another
,
so
that
he
wanted
leisure
for
his
private
studies
,
he
ordained
Heraclas
his
familiar
friend
,
who
was
expert
in
the
holy
Scripture
and
a
profound
Philosopher
,
to
be
his
fellow-helper
,
committing
to
him
the
instruction
of
the
inferior
sort
which
were
lately
come
to
the
Faith
;
reserving
to
himself
the
teaching
of
those
that
were
farther
&
better
entred
.
Having
also
a
great
desire
to
search
out
the
deep
mysteries
of
the
holy
Scriptures
,
he
studied
the
Hebrew
Tongue
and
bought
Copies
that
were
used
amongst
the
Jews
:
He
searched
out
also
other
translations
besides
the
vulgar
,
as
that
of
Aquila
,
of
Symachus
,
and
of
Theodosion
:
These
being
compacted
together
in
one
Volume
,
and
the
Pages
divided
into
several
Columns
,
setting
each
copy
against
other
,
and
adding
the
Hebrew
to
them
,
he
published
the
fame
,
and
intituled
it
Hexapla
.
When
the
rumour
was
now
every
where
spread
abroad
of
the
same
of
Origen
,
His
converts
many
.
many
learned
men
came
to
try
the
truth
of
his
Doctrine
,
and
to
have
experience
of
his
utterance
in
preaching
;
yea
many
Hereticks
and
famous
Philosophers
resorted
to
him
,
and
were
converted
by
him
.
He
wrote
the
first
Commentaries
on
the
Scriptures
.
Origen
was
the
first
that
wrote
Commentaries
upon
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
being
earnestly
sollicited
thereto
by
Ambrose
,
who
for
his
encouragement
made
him
large
allowance
for
his
necessary
expences
,
furnishing
him
with
above
seven
swift
Notaries
,
who
wrote
that
which
he
dictated
to
them
.
Whilest
he
continued
at
Alexandria
,
there
came
a
Souldier
with
Letters
from
the
Governour
of
Arabia
to
Demerius
the
Bishop
of
that
Sea
,
He
goeth
into
Arabia
.
and
to
the
Lieutenant
of
Egypt
,
desiring
them
with
all
speed
to
send
Origen
to
him
,
which
might
communicate
to
him
some
part
of
his
Doctrine
;
Hereupon
he
took
his
voyage
into
Arabia
,
and
instructed
the
Governour
thereof
;
and
hearing
that
Beryllus
Bishop
of
Bostra
in●
Arabia
taught
that
our
Lord
and
Saviour
Jesus
Christ
,
before
his
incarnation
had
no
being
,
and
that
he
had
no
proper
Divinity
but
only
his
Fathers
Divinity
dwelling
in
him
(
about
which
Heresie
many
Bishops
had
dealt
with
him
by
conference
and
disputation
,
and
yet
could
not
reclaim
him
)
Origen
was
sent
for
,
who
conferred
with
him
at
first
to
finde
the
ground
of
his
opinion
,
after
which
,
perceiving
him
not
to
believe
aright
,
he
rebuked
him
,
perswaded
him
with
reasons
,
convinced
him
by
manifest
proofs
,
and
so
restored
him
to
the
truth
.
He
wrote
22.
Tomes
upon
the
Gospel
of
St.
John
,
His
works
,
12.
upon
Genesis
,
five
upon
the
Lamentations
of
Ieremy
:
Annotations
upon
the
first
five
and
twenty
Psalms
;
two
Books
of
the
Resurrection
;
one
of
Principal
Beginnings
;
ten
called
Stromateis
.
He
wrote
also
Commentaries
upon
Isaiah
in
30.
Tomes
;
upon
Ezekiel
in
25.
Tomes
;
upon
the
Canticks
in
ten
Books
,
&c.
Whilst
Origen
executed
his
Pastoral
Office
at
Caesarea
(
which
was
after
he
had
left
Alexandria
)
many
flocked
to
his
Ministry
,
not
only
men
of
that
Countrey
,
but
also
infinite
Forreiners
,
who
forsaking
their
Native
soil
came
to
be
his
Disciples
:
amongst
whom
were
Theodorus
and
Athenodorus
two
brethren
,
who
after
they
had
continued
with
him
five
years
,
profited
so
much
in
the
holy
Scripture
,
that
they
were
ordained
Bishops
in
Pontus
.
And
now
Origen
being
above
sixty
years
old
,
and
much
worn
and
wasted
by
reason
of
his
incessant
studies
and
painfull
exercises
,
at
length
permitted
that
those
things
which
he
had
publickly
preached
and
disputed
of
,
should
by
his
Notaries
be
copied
out
,
which
before
he
would
not
suffer
to
be
done
.
About
the
same
time
also
he
wrote
his
Book
against
Celsus
the
Epicure
,
intituled
the
word
of
truth
.
Then
25.
Tracts
upon
the
Gospel
of
St.
Matthew
;
and
25
upon
the
Minor
Prophets
;
he
wrote
also
above
an
hundred
Epistles
.
About
this
time
there
arose
some
Hereticks
in
Arabia
,
He
reclaims
Hereticks
.
who
taught
that
the
soul
dyeth
together
with
the
body
,
and
that
in
the
General
Resurrection
they
should
arise
together
,
and
be
restored
to
life
again
For
which
cause
a
Synod
was
congregated
,
and
Origen
was
sent
for
,
who
so
strenuously
disputed
against
these
Hereticks
,
that
he
withdrew
their
seduced
minds
from
this
foul
errour
.
Decius
succeeding
Thilip
in
the
Roman
Empire
,
He
is
persecuted
.
raised
a
persecution
against
the
Church
:
wherein
,
amongst
others
,
Origen
suffered
grievous
things
:
the
spitefull
Devil
deadly
pursuing
him
with
his
whole
Troop
,
striving
against
him
with
all
the
might
and
sleight
that
could
be
possibly
invented
,
so
that
for
the
Doctrine
of
Christ
,
he
sustained
imprisonments
,
torments
of
body
,
scourging
at
Iron
stakes
,
stench
of
dark
and
loathsom
dungeons
,
and
for
many
days
his
feet
lay
stretched
four
spaces
asunder
in
the
stocks
,
all
which
he
patiently
endured
,
together
with
the
terrible
threats
of
fire
,
and
all
that
the
enemie
could
invent
against
him
.
After
all
which
he
died
under
Gallus
and
Volusianus
,
being
69.
years
old
,
Anno
Christi
220.
It
is
to
be
wondred
at
,
His
death
.
what
pious
ejaculations
,
comfortable
prayers
and
zealous
exhortations
he
made
,
and
gave
to
the
Christians
in
the
extremity
of
his
sufferings
,
retaining
his
valour
and
constancy
to
the
giving
up
of
his
Ghost
.
One
saith
of
him
,
Origeni
nulla
pars
aetatis
periit
à
studiis
:
That
Origens
whole
life
was
a
continued
study
.
And
another
saith
,
Origenis
ingenium
sufficiebat
ad
omnia
perdiscenda
;
that
he
had
such
pregnancy
of
wit
that
he
could
learn
any
thing
:
that
he
had
a
wonderfull
faculty
in
expressing
himself
ex
tempore
,
and
that
he
was
wondrous
quick
and
able
to
explicate
obscure
places
of
Scripture
.
Jerome
stiles
him
Magistrum
Ecclesiarum
post
Apostolos
.
Another
saith
,
Quis
ex
Scriptoribus
qui
post
Origenem
vixe●●
,
non
●●●gniter
ab
eo
est
adjutus
;
Who
of
all
the
writers
that
lived
after
Origen
,
that
was
not
singularly
holpen
by
his
Labours
?
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
That
Gods
Providence
hath
ordained
all
things
for
some
end
and
purpose
.
He
made
not
malice
,
and
though
be
can
restrain
it
,
yet
he
will
not
.
For
if
malice
were
not
,
vertue
should
not
have
a
contrary
,
and
so
could
not
shine
so
clear
.
For
the
malice
of
Josephs
Brethren
was
the
means
whereby
God
brought
about
many
admirable
works
of
his
providence
as
the
story
sheweth
.
Opera
Origenis
Tomis
duobus
Basiliae
1536.
His
works
.
apud
Frobenium
sunt
edita
.
CIPRIAN
The
Life
of
Cyprian
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
259.
CYprian
was
an
African
,
His
birth
and
education
.
born
in
the
ancient
City
of
Carthage
,
and
being
educated
in
the
study
of
the
Liberal
Arts
,
he
profited
so
much
therein
,
that
whilest
he
was
young
he
was
chosen
Professor
of
Rhetorick
.
Yet
was
he
at
first
a
Gentile
,
and
Idolator
,
loose
and
profane
in
his
practise
,
and
much
addicted
to
the
study
of
Magical
Arts
:
But
it
pleased
God
,
who
had
chosen
him
to
be
a
vessel
of
mercy
for
his
own
glory
,
to
convert
him
by
the
means
and
Ministry
of
Cecilius
,
a
godly
Presbyter
of
Carthage
,
(
whose
name
he
ever
afterwards
bore
;
)
and
through
the
occasion
of
hearing
him
preach
upon
the
History
of
the
Prophet
Jonas
;
Immediatly
upon
his
conversion
,
His
Conversion
.
he
distributed
all
his
goods
amongst
the
poor
:
His
charity
.
And
the
Carthagenians
perceiving
in
him
a
very
great
zeal
and
ardour
for
the
propagation
of
the
Christian
Religion
,
they
prevailed
with
him
to
be
ordained
a
Presbyter
,
in
which
office
he
so
worthily
demeaned
himself
,
that
not
long
after
he
was
made
the
Bishop
of
the
Church
of
Carthage
;
He
is
made
Bishop
.
and
therein
gave
an
excellent
example
of
Modesty
,
Humility
,
Charity
,
His
modesty
.
Greatness
of
mind
and
Fidelity
.
His
modesty
appeared
,
in
that
in
all
great
and
weighty
businesses
he
would
never
determin
or
act
any
thing
of
himself
,
but
by
the
common
consent
and
advice
of
his
Presbyters
,
yea
he
many
times
called
in
the
help
and
assistance
of
the
whole
Church
;
His
humility
appeared
,
His
humility
.
in
that
he
was
never
tenacious
,
nor
wilfull
in
his
own
judgement
,
but
what
was
wholsomly
advised
and
counselled
by
his
brethren
and
Collegues
,
that
he
willingly
assented
to
.
His
charity
was
notably
seen
,
His
charity
.
in
that
he
did
not
only
commend
the
care
of
the
poor
to
his
Presbyters
;
but
himself
also
,
according
to
his
ability
,
was
alwayes
forward
in
ministring
to
them
.
The
greatness
of
his
mind
appeared
in
this
speech
of
his
,
His
magnanimity
.
Si
qui
sunt
,
&c.
If
there
be
any
,
saith
he
,
that
think
to
adjoyn
themselves
to
the
Church
,
not
by
their
prayers
,
but
by
their
threats
;
not
by
their
humiliation
and
satisfaction
when
they
have
scandalized
the
Brethren
,
but
by
their
great
words
and
menaces
:
let
all
such
know
,
that
the
Church
of
the
Lord
will
oppose
them
,
and
that
the
Tents
of
Christ
will
prove
immovable
,
and
not
to
be
conquered
by
them
.
His
fidelity
will
notably
appear
by
his
Epistles
,
His
Fidelity
.
wherein
he
excellently
comforts
the
afflicted
,
recalls
such
as
were
faln
;
or
commends
the
care
of
them
to
other
Bishops
of
the
Church
,
vigorously
opposeth
the
Hereticks
and
Schismaticks
.
Neither
was
he
only
a
Spectator
of
the
Martyrdom
of
others
;
but
suffered
himself
to
be
proscribed
,
His
Courage
.
yea
chose
death
rather
then
to
betray
the
truth
of
the
Gospel
,
or
to
approve
of
the
least
defection
to
the
impious
worship
of
the
Gentiles
.
By
these
means
his
fame
increased
so
exceedingly
that
he
was
not
so
much
the
Bishop
of
Carthage
,
as
of
all
Africk
,
yea
of
Spain
,
the
East
,
West
and
Northern
Churches
.
Yea
,
he
was
judged
the
Father
of
all
Christians
.
And
to
the
further
setting
forth
(
to
the
praise
of
Gods
grace
)
of
his
glorious
vertues
wherewith
he
was
endued
,
appearing
as
well
in
his
own
works
,
as
described
by
other
worthy
Writers
:
he
was
courteous
and
gentle
,
loving
and
full
of
patience
,
and
therewithal
severe
and
impartial
in
his
Office
.
Furthermore
he
was
most
affable
and
kinde
towards
his
Brethren
,
and
took
much
pains
in
helping
and
releiving
the
Martyrs
:
Yea
,
he
wrote
Letters
to
the
Elders
and
Deacons
of
his
Bishopwrick
,
that
with
all
study
and
endeavour
they
should
gently
entertain
,
and
do
all
the
Offices
of
love
that
possibly
they
could
to
the
Martyrs
in
his
absence
.
He
was
very
prudent
and
circumspect
:
Of
a
marvellous
liberal
disposition
towards
the
Brethren
that
fled
for
refuge
from
other
Countries
:
and
so
often
as
he
had
cause
of
absence
,
His
Charity
to
Exiles
.
he
committed
the
care
of
those
poor
men
to
his
fellow
Officers
,
writing
to
them
,
that
of
their
own
proper
goods
they
should
help
their
banished
Brethren
to
that
which
was
necessary
for
them
.
He
had
also
great
skill
in
the
fore-knowledge
of
future
events
.
He
was
of
so
communicative
a
disposition
that
he
concealed
nothing
which
he
knew
,
but
with
meekness
and
willingness
uttered
it
to
others
.
He
maintained
Ecclesiastical
Peace
and
Concord
with
those
that
differed
from
him
in
smaller
matters
.
Lastly
,
he
neither
circumvented
,
nor
did
prejudice
to
any
man
:
but
did
that
which
always
seemed
good
in
his
judgement
.
He
much
addicted
himself
to
reading
,
His
studiousness
.
and
would
let
no
day
pass
wherein
he
read
not
some
part
of
Tertullians
Works
,
and
when
he
called
for
him
,
he
used
to
say
,
Da
Magistrum
,
Give
me
my
Master
.
His
Chastity
.
He
chiefly
studied
to
keep
his
body
continent
,
and
clean
from
fleshly
lusts
,
saying
,
That
then
his
heart
would
be
truly
sit
to
attain
to
the
full
capacity
and
understanding
of
the
Truth
,
if
once
he
could
trample
down
Concupiscence
.
A
great
Persecution
being
raised
against
the
Church
of
Christ
by
Aemilianus
President
of
Egypt
,
Paternus
,
and
Galerius
Maximus
,
Proconsuls
of
Africk
,
Cyprian
sheweth
the
true
causes
thereof
in
his
fourth
Book
,
Epist
,
the
fourth
,
in
these
words
,
We
(
saith
he
)
must
acknowledge
and
confess
,
●in
the
fore
●unner
of
Persecution
.
that
this
turbulent
oppression
and
calamity
which
hath
wasted
for
the
most
part
all
our
Church
,
and
doth
dayly
more
and
more
consume
it
,
ariseth
chiefly
from
our
own
wickedness
and
sins
,
whilst
we
walk
not
in
the
way
of
the
Lord
,
nor
observe
his
Precepts
left
unto
us
for
our
instruction
.
Our
Lord
Christ
observed
the
will
of
his
Father
in
all
points
;
but
we
observe
not
the
will
of
the
Lord
having
all
our
minde
and
study
set
upon
lucre
and
possessions
:
we
are
given
to
pride
:
full
of
emulation
and
dissention
:
void
of
simplicity
and
faithful
dealing
:
renouncing
this
World
in
word
only
,
but
not
in
deed
;
every
man
pleasing
himself
,
and
displeasing
all
others
;
and
therefore
are
we
thus
scourged
and
that
worthily
;
for
what
stripes
and
scourges
do
we
not
deserve
,
when
as
the
Confessors
themselves
who
formerly
enaured
the
trial
of
their
Faith
,
and
ought
to
be
an
example
to
the
rest
in
well
doing
,
do
now
observe
no
Discipline
?
And
therefore
for
their
sakes
who
proudly
brag
with
swelling
words
of
their
former
Confession
and
Sufferings
,
these
torments
come
,
even
such
as
do
not
easily
send
us
to
the
Crown
,
except
by
the
mercy
of
God
,
some
being
taken
away
by
a
quick
death
,
do
prevent
the
tediousnes
of
punishment
.
These
things
do
we
suffer
for
our
sins
and
deserts
,
as
by
the
Lords
threatning
we
have
been
forewarned
,
where
he
saith
,
If
they
shall
forsake
my
Law
,
and
will
not
walk
in
my
Judgements
,
If
they
shall
prophane
my
Institutions
,
and
will
not
observe
my
Precepts
,
I
will
visit
their
iniquities
with
the
rod
,
and
their
transgressions
with
scourges
.
These
rods
and
scourges
we
justly
feel
who
neither
please
God
with
our
good
deeds
,
nor
repent
of
the
evil
;
wherefore
(
saith
he
)
let
us
pray
from
the
bottom
of
our
hearts
,
and
with
our
whole
minde
,
and
let
us
intreat
his
mercy
who
promiseth
that
his
loving
kindness
shall
not
be
wholly
taken
away
.
Let
us
ask
and
we
shall
obtain
;
and
though
we
be
delayed
,
yet
seeing
we
have
grievously
offended
,
let
us
continue
knocking
;
for
he
hath
promised
that
to
them
that
knock
it
shall
be
opened
:
therefore
with
our
Prayers
,
sighs
and
tears
let
us
still
knock
,
and
we
shall
be
sure
to
speed
,
&c.
And
in
another
part
of
his
Epistle
,
he
shews
what
vices
were
principally
reigning
amongst
the
Christians
,
The
sins
of
Professors
.
viz.
grievous
divisions
and
dissentions
amongst
the
Brethren
.
For
when
these
words
were
spoken
to
them
in
a
Vision
,
Petite
&
impetrabitis
:
Pray
,
and
ye
shall
obtain
:
afterwards
when
it
was
required
of
the
Congregation
to
direct
their
Prayers
unto
God
in
the
behalf
of
certain
persons
assigned
to
them
by
name
,
they
could
not
agree
about
the
persons
that
were
to
be
prayed
for
,
but
disagreed
in
their
Petitions
,
which
thing
did
greatly
displease
God
,
that
spake
unto
them
,
Pray
,
and
ye
shall
obtain
,
because
they
were
not
uniform
in
voice
and
heart
,
neither
was
there
one
joint
consent
amongst
the
Brethren
.
Upon
which
occasion
Cyprian
moveth
them
to
Prayer
with
mutual
agreement
.
For
(
saith
he
)
if
it
be
promised
in
the
Gospel
,
that
whatsoever
two
or
three
shall
agree
upon
to
ask
upon
Earth
,
it
shall
be
granted
in
Heaven
,
what
shall
then
be
done
when
the
whole
Church
agree
together
?
Or
what
if
this
Unanimity
were
amongst
the
whole
Fraternity
?
which
Unanimity
if
it
had
been
amongst
the
Brethren
,
Non
venissent
fratribus
haec
mala
,
si
in
unum
fraternitas
fuisset
animata
,
i.
e.
These
evils
had
not
befaln
the
Brethren
,
if
they
had
joined
together
in
brotherly
Unanimity
.
Cyprian
having
thus
described
the
causes
of
this
Persecution
,
sets
down
a
Vision
,
wherein
was
shewed
unto
him
by
the
Lord
before
the
Presecution
came
,
what
should
happen
:
A
Vision
.
The
Vision
(
saith
he
)
was
this
;
There
was
a
certain
aged
Father
sitting
,
at
whose
right
hand
sat
a
young
man
very
sad
,
and
pensive
,
as
one
that
with
indignation
is
sorrowful
,
with
his
hand
upon
his
breast
,
and
an
heavie
countenance
.
On
the
other
hand
sat
a
person
having
a
Net
in
his
hand
,
wherewith
he
threatned
to
catch
the
people
that
stood
about
;
and
as
Cyprian
marvelled
hereat
,
it
was
said
unto
him
;
The
young
man
whom
thou
seest
sit
on
the
right
hand
is
sad
and
sorrowful
,
because
his
Precepts
are
not
observed
:
But
he
on
the
left
hand
danceth
and
is
merry
,
for
that
occasion
is
hence
given
to
him
to
get
power
from
the
ancient
Father
to
afflict
men
.
This
Vision
was
seen
long
before
this
tempest
of
Persecution
happened
,
wherein
was
declared
,
that
the
sins
of
the
Christians
were
the
cause
why
Satan
in
this
and
in
all
other
Persecutions
,
did
then
,
and
still
doth
get
such
power
,
with
his
Net
of
destruction
to
rage
against
the
blood
of
Christian
men
:
and
all
(
saith
Cyprian
)
because
we
neglect
Praying
,
and
are
not
so
vigilant
therein
as
we
should
be
:
wherefore
the
Lord
,
because
he
loveth
us
,
corrects
us
:
corrects
us
to
amend
us
:
amends
us
to
save
us
,
&c.
And
further
speaking
about
this
Vision
,
he
saith
;
To
the
least
of
his
servants
,
both
sinful
and
unworthy
,
hath
God
of
his
tender
goodness
vouchsafed
to
reveal
these
things
:
and
tell
him
,
said
God
,
that
he
be
quiet
,
and
of
good
comfort
,
for
Peace
will
come
,
albeit
there
be
a
little
stay
for
a
while
,
for
that
some
remain
yet
to
be
proved
and
tryed
.
Another
Vision
.
He
had
also
another
Vision
,
wherein
he
was
admonished
to
use
a
spare
dyet
,
and
to
be
sober
in
his
drink
,
least
his
minde
given
to
heavenly
meditations
,
might
be
drawn
away
with
worldly
allurements
,
or
oppressed
with
too
much
surfeting
upon
meats
and
drinks
,
and
thereby
should
be
less
apt
and
able
to
Prayer
and
spiritual
Exercises
.
Furthermore
,
whereas
the
Christians
were
charged
by
the
Heathens
as
the
causes
of
all
publike
calamities
;
He
vindicates
the
Christians
from
scandals
.
he
tels
them
that
it
was
long
before
prophesied
of
by
Christ
,
that
towards
the
end
of
the
World
there
should
be
Famine
,
Wars
and
Pestilences
,
which
was
rather
to
be
imputed
to
their
impious
Idolatry
,
and
contempt
of
the
true
God
,
then
to
Christians
:
which
evils
(
saith
he
)
are
increased
by
the
wickedness
of
men
:
For
,
Famens
majorem
facit
rapacitas
,
juàm
siccitas
.
Famine
comes
more
by
the
Avarice
of
men
then
by
the
drought
of
the
Ayr
:
but
the
special
cause
thereof
proceeds
from
the
sheding
of
so
much
Christian
blood
.
And
whereas
the
Christians
were
condemned
for
not
worshipping
their
Idols
:
he
shewed
that
those
Idols
were
no
true
Gods
,
but
Images
of
certain
dead
Kings
,
which
could
neither
save
themselves
from
death
,
nor
such
as
worshiped
and
trusted
in
them
.
In
the
beginning
of
this
Persecution
,
He
goes
into
exile
.
Cyprian
went
into
voluntary
banishment
,
least
(
as
himself
saith
)
he
should
do
more
hurt
then
good
to
the
Congregation
:
And
from
the
desolate
places
of
his
abode
,
where
yet
he
was
often
sought
after
,
he
wrote
to
the
Churches
,
shewing
thereby
the
beseeming
vertue
of
a
faithful
Pastor
in
that
he
took
no
less
care
of
his
Flock
in
his
absence
then
when
he
was
present
.
A
faithful
Pastor
.
After
the
death
of
the
Emperour
Decius
he
returned
to
his
place
,
He
is
again
banished
.
but
not
long
after
he
was
again
banished
by
Paternus
,
the
Proconsul
of
Africa
,
into
the
City
of
Thurben
.
But
when
Paternus
the
Proconsul
was
dead
,
he
came
back
again
,
and
Galienus
Maximus
succeeding
in
the
Office
of
Paternus
,
found
Cyprian
in
a
Garden
,
His
apprehension
.
whereupon
he
caused
him
to
be
apprehended
by
his
Sergeants
,
and
to
be
carried
before
the
Idols
to
offer
Sacrifice
;
which
when
he
would
not
do
,
the
Proconsul
brake
forth
into
these
words
,
saying
,
Long
hast
thou
lived
in
a
sacrilegious
minde
,
and
hast
gathered
together
men
of
a
wicked
conspiracy
and
hast
shewed
thy self
an
enemy
to
the
gods
of
the
Romans
,
and
to
their
holy
Laws
,
neither
could
the
sacred
Emperours
Valerianus
and
Galienus
revoke
thee
to
the
Sect
of
their
Ceremonies
;
wherefore
I
condemn
thee
to
have
thy
head
cut-off
;
To
this
he
answered
joyfully
;
Do
fully
what
belongs
to
your
Office
:
and
thereupon
putting
off
his
Apparel
,
he
gave
it
to
his
Deacons
,
wishing
them
to
give
his
Executioner
25
peices
of
gold
in
testimony
of
his
love
to
him
,
and
so
kneeling
down
he
covered
his
Eyes
,
His
martyrdom
.
and
willingly
submitted
his
Neck
to
the
stroke
of
the
Sword
,
suffering
Martyrdom
,
Anno
Christi
,
259.
He
was
undaunted
in
the
time
of
Persecution
,
His
courage
.
so
that
neither
his
wives
disswasions
,
nor
the
Worlds
frowns
,
nor
the
malice
of
his
Adversaries
could
affright
him
:
He
never
turned
Widdow
emptie
from
him
:
His
charity
.
He
was
the
blinde
mans
Eyes
,
the
lame
mans
Legs
,
the
naked
mans
Garment
:
He
called
Cecilius
that
converted
him
,
Novae
vitae
parentem
,
the
Father
of
his
Christian
life
:
His
carriage
was
such
,
as
it
was
hard
to
say
whether
he
was
more
loved
or
feared
:
He
tels
that
the
Church
having
enjoyed
long
Peace
,
all
men
studied
their
private
wealth
,
so
that
Devotion
,
Religion
,
and
good
Discipline
were
quite
neglected
,
and
all
estates
were
fearfully
corrupted
:
Ergò
sivit
hoc
flagellum
Deus
,
therefore
(
saith
he
)
God
suffered
this
scourge
of
Persecution
to
reform
it
:
In
the
time
of
a
Pestilence
he
shewed
much
piety
and
charity
,
His
charity
.
comforting
some
,
administring
to
the
wants
of
others
,
and
stirring
up
others
to
do
the
like
:
He
suffered
under
Valerianus
and
Galienus
.
Some
of
his
usual
sayings
were
these
;
His
sayings
.
Ne
dormiat
in
Thesauris
tuis
quod
pauperi
prodesse
potest
.
Let
not
that
sleep
in
thy
Treasury
that
may
be
profitable
to
the
Poor
.
Duo
nunquam
veteras●unt
in
homine
,
cor
semper
novas
cogitationes
machinando
;
Lingua
vanas
cordis
conceptiones
proferendo
.
Two
things
never
wax
old
in
man
:
the
heart
ever
imagining
new
cogitations
;
the
tongue
ever
uttering
the
vain
conceptions
of
the
heart
.
Quod
al
▪
quando
de
necessitate
amittendum
est
,
sponte
pro
Divina
remuneratione
distribuendum
est
.
That
which
a
man
must
necessarily
sometime
part
with
,
it
's
wisdom
for
a
man
to
distribute
it
so
that
God
may
everlastingly
reward
him
.
Integritas
ibi
nulla
esse
potest
ubi
qui
improbos
damnent
desunt
,
&
soli
qui
damnentur
occurru●t
.
There
can
be
no
integrity
,
whereas
they
which
should
condemn
the
wicked
are
ever
wanting
,
and
they
only
which
should
be
condemned
are
ever
present
.
S●rioum
&
purpuram
indutae
,
Christum
induere
non
possunt
:
Women
that
pride
themselves
in
putting
on
silk
and
purple
,
cannot
lightly
put
on
the
Lord
Jesus
Christ
.
Faminae
crines
suos
malo
praesagio
inficiunt
:
capillos
enim
sib
:
flammeos
auspicati
non
metuunt
:
They
which
colour
their
locks
with
yellow
and
red
,
begin
betimes
to
prognosticate
of
what
e●lour
their
hair
shall
be
in
Hell
.
Qui
se
pingunt
in
hoc
seculo
aliter
quàm
creavit
Deus
,
metuant
ne
cum
venerit
resurrectionis
dies
,
artifex
creaturam
suam
non
recognoscat
.
They
which
love
to
paint
themselves
in
this
world
,
otherwise
then
God
created
them
,
may
justly
fear
that
at
the
Resurrection
their
Creator
will
not
know
them
.
Qui
Pauperi
elemosynam
dat
,
Deo
suavitatis
odorem
sacrificat
,
He
that
gives
an
alms
to
the
Poor
,
offers
a
sweet
smelling
Sacrifice
unto
God
.
Contemnenda
est
omnis
injuria
praesentium
malorum
,
fiducia
futurorum
bonorum
:
All
injurie
of
evils
present
is
to
be
neglected
,
for
the
hope
of
good
things
to
come
.
Nihil
prodest
verbis
proferre
virtutem
,
&
factis
destruere
:
To
set
out
vertue
in
words
,
and
by
deeds
to
destroy
the
same
,
is
nothing
worth
.
Cyprian
in
another
Book
mentioneth
twelve
absurdities
in
the
life
of
man
,
which
are
these
;
Sapiens
sine
operibus
:
A
wise
man
without
good
works
.
Senex
sine
Religione
:
An
old
man
without
Religion
.
Adolescens
sine
Obedientia
:
A
young
man
without
Obedience
.
Dives
sine
Elemosyna
:
A
rich
man
without
Alms.
Famina
sine
Pudicitia
:
A
woman
without
shamefastness
.
Dominus
sine
Virtute
:
A
guide
without
Vertue
.
Christianus
contentiosus
:
A
contentious
Christian.
Pauper
superbus
:
A
poor
man
that
is
proud
.
Rex
inîquns
:
A
King
that
is
unjust
.
Episcopus
negligens
:
A
Bishop
that
is
negligent
.
Plebs
sine
Disciplina
:
People
without
Discipline
.
Populus
sine
Lege
:
Subjects
without
Law
.
His
works
are
four
Books
,
containing
62
Epistles
;
Besides
,
Tractatus
contra
Demetrianum
.
De
Habitu
Virginum
,
His
works
.
De
Simplicitate
Praelatorum
.
De
Idolorum
Vanitate
.
Sermo
de
Ele
emosyna
.
De
Zelo
&
Livore
.
De
bono
Patientiae
.
De
Mortalitate
.
De
Lapsis
.
De
Oratione
Dominica
.
Liber
de
Exhortatione
Martyris
.
The
Life
of
Arnobius
,
who
flourished
Anno
Christi
330.
ARnobius
was
a
famous
Professor
of
Rhetorick
in
a
City
of
Africk
,
called
Sicca
;
About
the
year
330.
being
converted
to
the
Christian
Religion
,
he
came
to
some
Bishops
,
earnestly
desiring
to
be
admitted
into
the
Church
,
and
Baptized
;
but
they
suspecting
,
nè
vir
seculari
eloquentiâ
tumens
,
&c.
lest
a
man
swelling
,
and
puffed
up
with
secular
wisdom
,
and
who
had
always
hitherto
opposed
Christian
Religion
,
should
make
a
mock
both
of
them
and
it
,
therefore
they
rejected
him
;
whereupon
he
offered
unto
them
those
seven
Excellent
Volumes
of
his
Disputations
against
his
former
Gentilism
,
which
they
seeing
,
with
great
joy
received
him
:
He
was
Master
to
Lactantius
;
He
used
to
say
,
Persecution
.
that
Persecution
brings
Death
in
one
hand
,
and
Life
in
the
other
:
for
while
it
kils
the
Body
,
it
crowns
the
Soul
:
He
flourished
under
Dioclesian
between
Anno
Christi
300.
&
330.
Learned
Scultetus
in
his
Medulla
Patrum
,
His
works
.
holds
all
the
works
that
go
under
the
name
of
this
Arnobius
to
be
spurious
,
but
only
those
seven
Books
which
he
wrote
against
the
Gentiles
:
wherein
(
saith
he
)
Eruditè
,
&
quidem
tumido
elatoque
;
orationis
genere
contra
gentes
disputat
.
The
Life
of
Eusebius
,
who
dyed
Anno
Chri.
340.
THe
life
of
Eusebius
was
written
by
Acatius
,
his
Disciple
,
and
successor
in
the
Bishoprick
of
Caesarea
,
which
being
lost
,
I
can
meet
with
no
Author
,
that
gives
us
any
account
either
of
his
Parents
,
Masters
,
or
his
first
course
of
life
:
But
Eusebius
is
commended
to
the
Christian
World
,
not
for
his
Parents
and
Masters
sake
,
His
commendations
.
but
for
his
excellent
wit
,
and
great
variety
of
Learning
:
So
that
S.
Basil
saith
of
him
,
Eusebius
Palaestinus
est
fide
dignus
propter
multiplicem
experientiam
.
Eusebius
of
Palestine
is
worthy
to
be
credited
for
his
great
experience
.
S.
Hierom
saith
,
Eusebius
in
Divinis
Scripturis
studiosissimus
,
&
Bibliothecae
Divinae
cum
Pamphilo
Martyre
diligentissimus
pervestigator
,
Eusebius
was
a
great
student
of
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
and
together
with
Pamphilus
the
Martyr
a
most
diligent
seacher
of
the
Divine
Library
.
Evagrius
saith
,
Eusebius
vir
sanè
cùm
in
aliis
rebus
disertissimus
,
tùm
in
scribendo
tantum
pollens
,
ut
possit
lectores
suorum
librorum
etsi
non
efficere
perfectos
Christianos
,
ita
tamen
persuadendo
impellere
ut
Christianam
Religionem
lubenter
colant
.
Eusebius
truly
was
a
man
,
as
in
other
things
most
Eloquent
,
so
in
writing
of
such
prevalency
,
that
though
he
could
not
make
the
Readers
of
his
Books
perfect
Christians
,
yet
he
could
inforce
them
by
his
perswasions
willingly
to
embrace
the
Christian
Religion
.
He
was
Bishop
of
Caesarea
Palestina
,
and
for
his
great
love
to
Pamphilus
,
Constantines
esteem
of
Eusebius
.
sir-named
Pamphilus
:
a
most
learned
man
,
of
whom
Constantine
the
Great
used
to
say
,
that
he
was
worthy
to
be
Bishop
not
of
one
only
City
,
but
of
the
whole
World
:
and
for
his
eloquence
,
Hierom
stiled
him
Romani
eloquii
Tubam
:
the
Trumpet
of
Roman
Elocution
.
About
this
time
Eustathius
Bishop
of
Antioch
was
deposed
from
his
Bishoprick
as
some
say
for
the
Sabellian
Heresie
,
whereupon
there
was
kindled
in
Antioch
such
a
fierie
flame
of
Sedition
,
A
sedition
in
Antioch
.
that
in
a
manner
the
whole
City
was
therewith
turned
upside
down
Amongst
the
common
sort
of
people
some
cleaved
to
this
side
,
some
to
that
;
The
Garrison
Souldiers
also
were
so
divided
,
and
set
one
against
the
other
,
that
if
God
,
and
the
Allegiance
they
owed
to
the
good
Emperour
Constantine
the
Great
,
had
not
been
called
to
remembrance
,
they
had
lamentably
murthered
one
another
.
But
the
Emperour
by
his
Letters
appeased
the
Tumult
,
and
Sedition
that
was
raised
amongst
them
:
the
cause
whereof
was
this
;
One
party
of
them
chose
Eusebius
Pamphilus
for
their
Bishop
,
and
would
bring
him
in
▪
the
other
party
would
have
their
former
Bishop
Eustathius
again
:
But
Eusebius
refused
to
come
to
them
,
whereupon
the
Emperour
Constantine
highly
commended
him
for
his
wisdom
and
moderation
.
Afterwards
a
Synod
being
gathered
at
Tyre
,
A
Synod
.
to
determine
the
controversies
which
were
sprung
up
amongst
the
Bishops
,
Constantine
sent
Eusebius
thither
to
take
cognizance
of
their
differences
,
where
this
memorable
thing
fell
out
,
Potamon
(
one
of
the
Bishops
)
seeing
Eusebius
to
rit
as
a
Judge
,
and
Athanasius
standing
,
and
pleading
his
cause
before
him
,
being
overcome
with
sorrow
,
Eusebius
reproved
.
and
weeping
for
those
things
which
he
saw
the
Professors
of
the
Truth
to
suffer
,
with
a
loud
voice
he
inveighed
against
Eusebius
,
saying
:
Thou
sittest
there
Eusebius
,
and
innocent
Athanasius
stands
to
be
judged
by
thee
:
Who
can
endure
such
things
?
Tell
me
Eusebius
,
Was
thou
not
in
Prison
with
me
in
the
time
of
Persecution
?
and
I
truly
lost
one
of
my
Eyes
for
the
Truth
sake
,
but
thou
hast
nothing
mutilated
in
thy
Body
,
neither
didst
thou
give
any
testimony
for
thy
Confession
;
thou
livest
and
hast
had
no
member
cut
off
.
How
gatest
thou
out
of
Prison
,
but
because
thou
either
madest
a
promise
of
submission
to
our
Persecutors
,
or
else
didst
that
which
was
abominable
?
Eusebius
hearing
these
things
,
grew
into
great
choller
,
and
dissolved
the
Assembly
,
saying
,
If
you
come
hither
,
and
now
speak
such
things
against
us
,
surely
your
Accusers
speak
nothing
but
the
truth
.
For
if
you
go
about
to
exercise
a
Tyranny
here
,
much
more
will
you
do
it
in
your
own
Country
.
There
is
much
contest
amongst
Divines
both
Ancient
and
Modern
what
Eusebius
Faith
was
about
the
person
of
the
Son
of
God
:
Some
charge
him
with
Arianism
for
denying
the
Deity
of
Christ
:
but
Athanasius
saith
that
he
recanted
it
in
the
Nicaene
Council
.
Eustathius
of
Antioch
accused
him
for
innovating
the
Nicaene
Creed
,
when
as
himself
professed
that
he
rested
satisfied
therewith
.
Hierom
nameth
him
for
an
open
defender
of
the
Arian
impiety
.
On
the
contrary
Socrates
out
of
Eusebius
his
writings
endeavours
to
vindicate
him
from
that
charge
.
Learned
Scultetus
thus
reconciles
them
,
Aries
(
saith
he
)
denyed
two
things
:
The
Eternity
of
the
Son
of
God
,
&
his
Co-equality
with
the
Father
.
Eusebius
doth
every
where
profess
the
Eternity
of
Christ
:
But
his
Co-equality
he
never
seriously
believed
.
He
used
to
say
,
That
Moses
wrote
the
Old
Law
in
dead
Tables
of
stone
:
but
Christ
did
write
the
perfect
Documents
of
the
New
Testament
in
living
Souls
:
He
flourished
under
Constantinus
Magnus
and
Constantius
.
His
Ecclesiastical
History
is
well
known
,
besides
which
he
wrote
some
other
Books
as
Libri
Praeparationis
Evangelicae
15.
Libri
Demonstrationis
Evangelicae
decem
,
and
some
others
which
are
lost
.
The
Life
of
Lactantius
,
who
flourished
An.
Chri.
308.
LUcius
Caelius
was
an
Italian
by
birth
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
from
his
Country
Firmia
was
called
Firmtanus
,
&
d
lacteo
dicendi
genere
was
called
Lactantius
;
He
sometime
lived
at
Rome
,
where
he
was
scholar
to
Arnobius
,
under
whom
he
profited
exceedingly
,
and
became
so
famous
for
his
Eloquence
,
that
he
far
surpassed
his
Master
therein
.
Wimphelingus
contends
to
have
him
a
German
by
birth
,
and
saith
that
there
is
till
this
day
a
famous
family
of
the
Firmiani
in
Germany
,
who
boast
themselves
to
be
the
Progenie
of
Lactantius
.
Having
perfected
his
Studies
at
Rome
,
he
went
into
Bythinia
,
where
he
taught
Oratory
under
the
raign
of
Dioclesian
and
Constantine
;
and
when
he
saw
the
Christian
Religion
to
want
some
Eloquent
Defenders
of
it
,
he
took
pen
in
hand
,
and
besides
divers
others
writings
which
are
perished
,
he
wrote
his
seven
Books
of
Institutions
against
the
Gentiles
;
a
Book
De
Ira
Dei
,
His
works
.
of
the
Anger
of
God
:
and
another
of
Gods
Workmanship
:
Also
an
Epitome
of
the
Divine
Institutions
.
Other
things
that
are
fathered
upon
him
are
spurious
,
saith
the
Learned
Scultetus
.
About
the
nineteenth
year
of
Dioclesian
there
was
an
horrible
Persecution
raised
against
the
Church
of
Christ
,
A
great
persecution
.
wherein
the
Christian
Churches
were
demolished
,
the
Sacred
Scriptures
,
and
other
godly
Books
were
burnt
,
the
Christians
themselves
were
dragged
to
most
inhumane
tortures
and
torments
;
yea
,
where
any
were
found
that
constantly
adhered
unto
Christ
,
they
were
cruelly
martyred
;
Gods
P●ovidence
.
yet
it
pleased
God
to
hide
Lactantius
in
this
great
storm
,
though
he
retained
his
Piety
,
fearing
no
torments
,
but
resolved
both
in
Life
and
Death
to
cleave
close
unto
Christ
.
He
Dedicated
most
of
his
Works
to
Constantin
.
Magn.
Hierom
faith
of
him
,
Lactantius
quasi
quid●m
fluvius
Tullianae
Eloquentis
:
Lactantius
flowed
with
Eloquence
,
yea
,
as
abounding
as
Tullie
himself
,
&c.
In
his
old
Age
for
his
rare
Parts
he
was
appointed
Tutor
to
Cris●us
,
Constantine's
Son
:
His
C●●tentati●n
.
He
was
so
far
from
seeking
after
riches
,
that
he
died
very
poor
.
He
used
to
say
,
That
godliness
alwayes
enriches
the
possessor
:
He
flourished
under
Dioclesian
Anno
Christi
308.
ATHANATIVS
The
Life
of
Athanasius
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
375.
AThanasius
was
born
in
Alexandria
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
by
the
care
of
his
Parents
was
brought
up
in
all
sorts
of
Learning
both
Humane
aud
Divine
:
Being
a
boy
,
upon
a
solemn
sestival
day
,
he
was
playing
amongst
other
boys
,
who
would
needs
imitate
the
Church
in
her
Sacred
Offices
,
and
for
that
end
they
chose
Athanasius
for
their
Bishop
,
who
acted
his
part
well
,
examining
other
boys
about
the
Principles
of
Religion
to
prepare
them
for
Baptism
.
It
fell
out
that
whilest
they
were
at
their
sport
,
came
by
Alexander
,
the
Bishop
of
Alexandria
,
and
observing
the
manner
of
their
past-time
,
he
called
them
before
him
,
examining
every
boy
what
part
he
had
acted
,
thereby
gathering
their
dispositions
for
future
imployments
:
Then
did
he
cause
them
all
to
be
carefully
educated
in
good
Learning
:
but
above
all
he
took
a
love
to
,
and
was
exceeding
careful
of
the
education
of
Athanasius
,
for
his
ingenuity
,
diligence
,
and
towardliness
:
and
when
he
came
to
ripeness
of
years
he
made
him
Deacon
,
and
finding
him
a
nimble
,
He
goes
to
the
Council
of
Nice
.
and
good
Disputant
,
he
took
him
with
him
to
the
Council
of
Nice
,
summoned
by
Constantine
the
Great
against
the
Arians
,
to
aid
and
assist
him
in
his
Disputations
,
which
procured
him
much
hatred
and
trouble
from
the
Arians
,
as
afterwards
we
shall
hear
.
Alexander
having
by
long
familiarity
with
him
,
gained
experience
of
his
Piety
,
His
zeal
against
Heresies
.
Parts
and
Zeal
in
defending
the
Truth
against
the
Hereticks
of
those
times
,
when
he
lay
upon
his
death
bed
,
was
directed
by
God
to
choose
Athanasius
for
his
successor
in
his
Bishop●ick
;
which
Athanasius
having
intelligence
of
,
hid
himself
,
that
he
could
not
be
found
.
Yet
did
Alexander
call
for
him
and
when
he
came
not
,
being
now
near
death
,
he
said
,
O
Athanasius
,
thou
thinkest
that
thou
canst
escape
,
yet
shalt
thou
not
escape
this
Office
.
He
is
made
Bishop
of
Alexandria
.
After
the
death
of
Alexander
he
was
searched
out
,
and
made
his
Successor
.
This
so
irritated
the
Arians
(
who
had
now
crept
into
favour
with
the
old
Emperor
)
that
they
sought
by
all
means
to
cast
him
out
of
Alexandria
,
He
is
persecuted
by
the
Arians
.
and
for
that
end
they
accused
him
to
the
Emperour
as
the
Author
of
much
Sedition
,
and
of
many
tumults
in
the
Church
;
they
charged
him
with
keeping
many
out
of
the
Church
which
desired
to
return
into
the
Unity
of
it
,
by
which
means
Peace
and
Concord
was
prevented
:
they
procured
many
Bishops
and
Presbyters
to
attest
the
truth
of
these
things
to
the
Emperour
,
professing
themselves
to
be
Orthodox
,
and
accusing
Athanasius
and
the
Bishops
that
adhered
to
him
,
to
be
the
Authors
of
the
murthers
,
bonds
,
unjust
stripes
,
wounds
,
and
burnings
in
the
Church
:
Athanasius
on
the
contrary
wrote
to
the
Emperour
,
that
those
Arians
were
the
Authors
of
unlawful
Ordinations
,
and
of
innovating
the
Decrees
of
the
Council
of
Nice
,
of
corrupting
the
Faith
,
of
Seditions
,
and
of
prosecuting
the
Orthodox
with
unjust
contumelies
and
reproaches
.
The
good
old
Emperour
in
these
various
informations
,
knew
not
whom
to
believe
:
but
the
Arians
being
about
him
,
having
his
Ear
at
command
,
they
procured
the
Emperour
to
write
to
Athanasius
,
to
require
him
to
prohibit
none
from
entring
into
the
Church
,
and
if
he
should
do
otherwise
,
he
threatned
to
drive
him
out
of
Alexandria
,
and
to
place
another
Bishop
in
his
room
.
Hereupon
Athanasius
wrote
back
to
the
Emperour
,
labouring
to
convince
him
,
that
the
Arians
ought
not
to
be
admitted
to
communicate
with
the
Catholick
Church
.
Eusebius
(
one
of
the
chiefest
of
these
Arians
)
perceiving
that
he
could
not
this
way
prevail
against
Athanasius
,
intended
secretly
to
make
him
away
,
but
not
finding
how
to
effect
it
,
he
spake
with
the
Miletians
(
other
Hereticks
)
promising
that
if
they
would
accuse
Athanasius
to
the
Emperour
,
he
would
so
far
prevail
with
him
and
some
other
great
persons
about
him
,
that
their
cause
should
be
heard
:
He
is
accused
to
the
Emperour
.
Hereupon
they
put
in
a
charge
against
Athanasius
,
that
he
had
imposed
a
Tribute
of
Linnen
Garments
upon
the
Egyptians
,
affirming
that
he
had
also
gathered
the
same
.
But
it
pleased
God
that
by
chance
there
were
present
Alippius
and
Macarius
,
two
Presbyters
of
Alexandria
,
who
easily
refelled
and
wiped
off
this
false
charge
:
yet
they
so
far
prevailed
,
that
Athanasius
was
sent
for
,
and
then
they
charged
him
with
sending
a
sum
of
Gold
to
one
Philumenus
,
to
make
away
the
Empeperour
.
But
Athanasius
easily
cleared
himself
from
this
aspersion
also
:
whereupon
the
Emperour
suffered
him
to
return
home
again
in
peace
.
He
is
cleared
by
Constantine
.
He
wrote
also
by
him
to
the
people
of
Alexandria
,
assuring
them
of
the
singular
Modesty
,
and
sound
Faith
of
Athanasius
,
with
whom
he
had
had
much
comfortable
conference
,
and
found
him
to
be
a
truly
Divine
man
,
and
one
that
had
been
accused
by
his
adversaries
out
of
envy
,
and
not
for
any
just
cause
that
they
had
against
him
.
Yet
for
all
this
the
Miletian
Hereticks
,
because
they
were
frustrated
in
their
former
endeavours
,
invented
two
other
grievous
accusations
against
Athanasius
;
He
is
again
accused
.
First
,
that
he
had
broken
the
Holy
Chalice
.
Secondly
,
that
one
Arsenius
being
slain
,
he
had
cut
off
his
Arm
,
and
kept
it
to
practice
Magick
withall
.
This
Arsenius
was
a
Presbyter
,
The
falsehood
and
subtilty
of
Hereticks
.
who
having
committed
a
great
fault
,
hid
himself
,
fearing
least
his
Bishop
Athanasius
should
call
him
to
an
account
,
and
punish
him
for
it
:
which
the
Miletians
having
intelligence
of
,
they
diligently
sought
him
out
,
and
having
found
him
,
they
spake
him
fair
,
promised
him
much
favour
and
security
,
perswading
him
to
retire
himself
to
one
Prines
,
a
friend
of
theirs
,
and
a
Presbyter
of
a
certain
Monastery
,
and
prevailing
with
him
they
hid
him
there
:
Then
did
they
everywhere
disperse
rumors
in
the
streets
,
and
at
the
meetings
of
the
Magistrates
,
that
Athanasius
had
privily
murthered
.
Arsenius
:
yea
they
suborned
a
certain
Monk
called
John
to
charge
Athanasius
with
this
grievous
crime
:
Hereupon
the
rumor
of
this
abominable
fact
being
spred
abroad
,
came
at
last
to
the
Ears
of
the
Emperour
Constantine
.
Athanasius
perceiving
that
though
happily
he
might
defend
himself
against
so
false
an
accusation
,
yet
that
it
would
be
a
difficult
thing
for
him
to
answer
for
himself
before
the
Judges
whose
mindes
were
prepossessed
with
those
false
rumors
,
therefore
for
the
full
clearing
of
himself
before
all
,
he
endeavoured
that
the
truth
might
not
be
concealed
:
His
prudence
.
yet
withall
,
he
judged
it
almost
impossible
to
defend
and
clear
himself
,
so
long
as
Arsenius
could
not
be
found
:
and
thereupon
he
imployed
one
of
his
Deacons
,
a
most
faithful
man
,
to
search
out
Arsenius
.
This
Deacon
going
into
Thebais
,
by
conferring
with
certain
Monks
,
learned
where
Arsenius
was
hid
.
But
when
he
came
to
Prines
,
Arsenius
could
not
be
found
:
for
Prines
having
had
intelligence
before
hand
of
the
Deacons
comming
,
had
sent
him
away
into
the
lower
Egypt
:
Hereupon
the
Deacon
seized
upon
Prines
,
and
together
with
him
upon
one
Helias
,
his
intimate
friend
,
who
was
said
to
have
conveyed
away
Arsenius
,
and
carried
them
along
with
him
to
Alexandria
:
When
they
came
thither
they
were
carried
before
the
Governour
of
the
Egyptian
Souldiers
,
unto
whom
upon
examination
they
confessed
that
Arsenius
was
alive
,
that
he
had
formerly
been
hid
with
them
,
and
that
now
he
was
hidden
in
Egypt
:
This
Confession
of
theirs
Athanasius
desired
to
be
sent
to
the
Emperour
,
He
is
again
cleared
by
the
Emperour
.
and
obtained
it
;
whereupon
the
Emperour
wrote
back
to
him
,
that
he
should
go
on
diligently
in
his
Office
,
that
he
should
be
careful
in
instructing
the
people
,
and
promoting
Piety
amongst
them
;
and
that
he
should
not
at
all
value
the
snares
of
the
Miletians
:
For
(
saith
he
)
I
know
sufficiently
,
that
being
stirred
up
by
envy
,
they
have
invented
these
false
and
forged
accusations
against
you
,
and
thereby
raised
tumults
in
the
Church
;
I
have
therefore
decreed
that
such
wickedness
shall
not
go
unpunished
,
but
that
Judgment
shall
be
executed
according
to
the
Civil
Laws
,
and
that
except
they
be
quiet
they
shall
be
severely
punished
,
as
such
as
lay
snares
to
entrap
the
innocent
,
as
disturbers
of
the
Peace
,
and
right
order
of
the
Church
,
and
as
destroyers
of
true
Piety
.
This
his
Epistle
he
commanded
to
be
publikley
read
before
all
the
Congregation
,
whereby
all
the
people
might
be
informed
of
his
minde
.
Hereupon
the
Miletians
being
stricken
with
fear
,
carried
themselves
peaceable
,
being
very
fearfull
of
the
Emperours
displeasure
.
The
Church
prospers
under
him
.
And
the
whole
Church
of
Egypt
being
quieted
and
governed
by
so
worthy
a
Bishop
,
flourished
exceedingly
,
and
daily
increased
,
many
of
the
Gentiles
and
of
other
Sectaries
being
converted
to
the
true
Faith
.
Yet
not
long
after
,
He
is
again
accused
,
and
cited
to
a
Council
of
Arians
.
his
restless
adversaries
began
again
by
cuning
and
subtile
devises
to
disturb
his
peace
,
to
carry
new
complaints
against
him
to
the
Emperour
,
and
to
suborn
such
a
multitude
of
accusers
,
that
the
good
Emperour
by
their
importunity
was
forced
to
call
a
Council
at
Casarea
Palestinae
:
to
which
Athanasius
was
summoned
to
appear
;
but
when
he
heard
that
Eusebius
Bishop
of
that
City
,
and
Eusebius
of
Nicomedia
,
and
other
Arian
Bishops
his
adversaries
ruled
all
the
rost
there
,
he
refused
to
appear
,
fearing
that
he
should
have
no
equal
dealings
at
their
hands
.
They
again
and
again
sent
for
him
,
greatly
urged
his
coming
,
yet
he
deferred
it
about
30
Months
space
:
But
afterwards
when
they
still
urged
his
appearing
,
he
went
to
Tyrus
,
where
many
of
the
Oriental
Bishops
were
met
,
who
commanded
him
to
answer
to
the
crimes
objected
against
him
.
His
charge
.
For
Callinicus
a
Bishop
,
and
Ischirion
(
an
Arian
)
had
accused
him
for
breaking
the
holy
Chalice
,
for
overthrowing
the
Seat
,
and
for
that
he
had
often
imprisoned
this
Ischirion
,
being
a
Presbyter
.
Forgeries
against
him
.
As
also
for
that
he
had
falsely
accused
him
to
Hyginus
the
Praefect
of
Egypt
,
for
throwing
stones
against
the
Images
of
the
Emperour
,
whereupon
he
had
been
bound
with
chains
.
Furthermore
,
for
that
he
had
removed
Callinicus
the
Bishop
of
Pelusium
,
and
had
committed
the
government
of
the
Church
to
one
Mark
,
a
Presbyter
of
the
same
,
causing
Callinicus
to
be
kept
by
Souldiers
,
to
be
beaten
,
and
brought
before
the
Judgement
Seat
:
Some
other
of
the
Arian
Bishops
accused
him
also
for
causing
them
to
be
beaten
.
In
brief
,
all
of
them
objected
against
him
,
that
he
had
obtained
his
Bishoprick
by
the
perjury
of
certain
men
,
whereas
all
the
Bishops
had
protested
that
none
ought
to
be
ordained
to
the
Office
before
he
had
cleared
himself
from
such
crimes
as
were
objected
against
him
;
for
which
causes
they
had
refused
to
communicate
with
him
,
and
yet
instead
of
clearing
himself
from
the
crimes
wherewith
he
was
charged
,
he
fought
by
force
of
Bonds
and
Imprisonment
to
compel
men
to
join
with
him
.
To
these
things
,
they
renewed
also
the
charge
against
him
about
the
matter
of
Arsenius
,
and
as
commonly
it
fals
out
where
snares
are
purposely
laid
to
entrap
a
man
,
on
a
sudden
some
that
formerly
seemed
to
be
his
friends
,
stood
up
to
be
his
accusers
:
Letters
also
were
produced
,
and
read
,
that
the
people
of
Alexandria
had
made
many
out-cries
against
him
,
and
for
his
sake
had
refused
to
come
to
the
publike
Assemblies
of
the
Church
.
Athanasius
being
commanded
to
answer
for
himself
,
His
answer
.
often
came
into
Judgement
,
easily
wiping
off
some
of
these
charges
,
and
requiring
some
time
for
the
clearing
himself
from
the
rest
.
Yet
he
was
very
doubtful
what
to
do
,
when
he
saw
his
accusers
wholly
to
frame
themselves
to
the
will
and
beck
of
his
Judges
:
as
also
that
they
had
gotten
many
witnesses
against
him
,
partly
of
the
Arians
,
and
partly
of
the
Miletians
,
which
grievously
calumniated
him
,
though
the
crimes
objected
were
false
,
and
he
had
easily
refuted
them
;
yet
the
false
accusers
went
away
with
impunity
:
especially
in
the
great
business
about
Arsenius
,
whose
arm
they
said
he
had
cut
off
to
practise
Magick
with
:
they
accused
him
also
for
giving
gifts
to
a
certain
woman
,
that
he
might
satisfie
his
iust
upon
her
;
vea
that
one
night
he
had
lien
with
her
against
her
will
:
both
which
accusations
were
plainly
ridiculous
and
full
of
falsehood
:
For
whereas
they
brought
the
woman
into
the
Council
before
them
to
justifie
this
charge
,
Timothy
a
certain
Presbyter
of
Alexandria
standing
by
Athanasius
(
according
to
their
former
agreement
)
spake
thus
to
the
woman
:
Did
I
lie
with
you
by
force
?
Yes
,
said
she
,
did
you
not
?
and
withal
told
them
the
time
and
place
where
it
was
done
.
Athanasius
also
produced
Arsenius
in
the
midst
of
them
,
and
shewed
them
both
his
arms
safe
and
sound
,
requiring
with
all
that
his
accusers
should
shew
the
arm
that
was
cut
off
.
Gods
providence
.
For
it
pleased
God
that
Arsenius
being
again
hidden
by
them
,
hearing
that
the
good
Bishop
was
in
danger
by
reason
of
him
,
stole
away
in
the
night
,
and
hasted
to
Tyrus
,
and
came
to
Athanasius
two
days
before
he
was
to
be
judged
for
that
cause
.
By
these
means
Athanasius
was
so
clear
from
both
the
crimes
wherewith
he
was
charged
,
that
he
thought
he
needed
not
any
other
purgation
.
In
the
records
of
the
Council
there
is
no
mention
made
of
the
first
of
these
charges
,
the
business
being
so
fowl
and
ridiculous
that
they
were
ashamed
to
make
mention
of
it
:
Put
for
the
latter
,
his
accusers
thought
it
sufficient
to
say
that
Plusianus
,
one
of
the
Bishops
that
was
under
Athanasius
,
by
the
command
of
Athanasius
had
set
Arsenius
his
house
on
fire
,
bound
him
to
a
pillar
,
and
whipt
him
,
and
afterwards
shut
him
up
in
his
house
,
but
Arsenius
escaping
out
at
a
window
had
hid
himself
for
his
own
security
,
and
he
no
where
appearing
,
it
gave
just
cause
of
suspition
that
he
was
murthered
;
for
which
cause
the
Arian
Bishops
pretended
that
they
had
diligently
sought
after
him
as
a
worthy
Person
and
Confessor
,
and
when
they
could
not
finde
him
,
had
brought
his
cause
before
the
Magistrate
.
Athanasius
perceiving
their
violence
,
began
to
be
afraid
,
and
justly
to
suspect
,
least
his
adversaries
should
watch
an
opportunity
privily
to
murther
him
.
The
Council
having
many
meetings
after
this
,
and
all
things
being
filled
with
Tumult
,
Athanasius
his
adversaries
still
crying
out
against
him
,
that
he
was
a
jugler
,
a
violent
man
,
a
man
that
was
unworthy
of
his
Ministry
,
and
worthy
to
be
punished
with
death
,
they
which
were
appointed
by
Constantine
to
see
businesses
regularly
managed
in
this
Council
,
began
greatly
to
fear
,
least
a
tumult
being
raised
(
which
they
had
just
cause
to
suspect
)
Athanasius
should
be
murthered
amongst
them
;
whereupon
they
secretly
conveyed
him
out
of
the
Council
.
He
goes
from
the
Council
.
Athanasius
also
finding
certainly
that
he
could
not
safely
remain
at
Tyrus
,
and
that
it
was
not
possible
for
him
to
contend
with
such
a
multitude
of
accusers
before
such
Judges
as
were
his
professed
Enemies
,
he
fled
to
Constantinople
:
He
is
unjustly
deposed
.
Hereupon
the
Council
without
rendring
any
reason
,
condemn
him
,
cast
him
out
of
his
Bishoprick
,
and
Decree
that
he
shall
no
more
return
to
Alexandria
,
least
(
say
they
)
by
his
presence
there
,
he
stir
up
and
occasion
Seditions
and
tumults
,
and
withall
they
absolve
the
Arians
,
and
all
others
which
had
been
censured
by
him
,
And
complained
of
to
the
Emperour
.
as
if
he
had
done
them
much
wrong
therein
,
whereupon
they
did
not
only
restore
them
to
Communion
again
;
but
to
all
those
places
and
offices
from
whence
they
had
been
justly
ejected
.
They
also
signified
these
Decrees
to
the
Emperor
,
and
wrote
to
all
other
Bishops
that
they
should
hold
no
Communion
with
Athanasius
;
that
they
should
by
no
means
write
to
him
,
nor
receive
any
letters
from
him
:
Because
(
say
they
)
having
sundry
great
crimes
proved
against
him
before
us
,
partly
by
his
flight
,
and
partly
by
refusing
to
plead
his
cause
before
us
,
he
hath
declared
himself
to
be
guilty
.
Furthermore
they
declared
that
they
proceeded
to
pass
such
a
sentence
upon
him
,
because
when
the
Emperour
the
former
year
had
called
together
the
Bishops
of
the
East
to
meet
in
a
Council
at
caesarea
for
the
hearing
of
his
cause
,
he
never
came
at
them
,
and
thereby
had
tired
the
Council
,
and
despised
the
Emperours
Command
:
and
when
many
Bishops
were
met
together
at
Tyrus
,
he
came
to
them
with
a
great
multitude
of
persons
,
raising
tumults
in
the
Council
,
one
while
refusing
to
answer
before
them
,
another
while
loading
the
Bishops
with
reproaches
:
sometimes
when
he
was
called
before
them
,
he
refused
to
hear
them
,
and
others
sometimes
refusing
to
stand
to
their
judgment
:
As
also
because
it
plainly
appeared
to
them
that
he
had
broken
the
Holy
Chalice
:
for
witness
whereof
they
had
produced
Theognis
Bishop
of
N●ce
:
Mars
Bishop
of
Chalcedon
:
Theodore
Bishop
of
Heraclea
;
besides
Valence
,
Vrsacius
and
Maced●nius
,
whom
(
said
they
)
we
have
sent
into
Egypt
to
examine
the
matter
,
and
when
they
came
into
a
certain
Village
,
they
found
the
Chalice
broken
.
By
such
cunning
and
flie
Allegations
they
sought
to
traduce
Athanasius
;
Dissenters
in
the
Council
.
yet
there
were
many
Presbyters
present
in
that
Council
,
who
altogether
disliked
their
proceedings
as
unjust
:
whereupon
〈◊〉
a
Confessor
took
Maximus
Bishop
of
Haerusalem
by
the
hand
,
saying
,
Come
let
us
rise
,
and
be
gone
hence
;
for
it
doth
not
become
us
that
have
lost
our
Eyes
,
and
have
been
lamed
for
the
Truth
of
Christ
,
to
be
present
,
or
to
communicate
with
such
wicked
men
in
their
sins
.
But
Athanasius
(
as
we
said
before
)
being
gone
to
Constantinople
,
complained
to
the
Emperour
of
the
unjust
judgement
that
the
Bishops
had
passed
against
him
;
whereupon
the
Emperour
sent
for
them
to
appear
before
him
,
to
give
an
account
of
their
proceedings
:
who
as
soon
as
they
came
,
perceiving
that
their
false
and
unworthy
dealings
were
fully
discovered
,
leaving
those
former
fictions
,
they
now
accuse
Athanasius
to
the
Emperour
for
threatning
to
restrain
the
coming
of
corn
out
of
Egypt
to
Constantinople
,
as
it
used
to
do
;
to
which
accusations
the
too
credulous
Emperour
giving
heed
,
was
so
much
incensed
against
Athanasius
,
that
he
banished
him
to
Triver
in
France
.
Presently
after
his
departure
,
Athanasius
banished
by
the
Emperour
.
Arius
with
his
complices
returned
to
Alexandria
▪
where
he
made
such
factions
and
divisions
,
that
he
cast
the
whole
City
into
disorder
and
tumults
:
the
people
of
Alexandria
being
much
grieved
and
offended
,
that
Arius
with
his
companions
had
that
liberty
granted
them
of
returning
thither
;
but
especially
because
they
understood
that
their
godly
reverend
Bishop
was
driven
into
Exile
by
their
means
.
Seditions
raised
by
Arius
.
But
when
the
Emperour
understood
of
the
perverse
minde
,
and
unquiet
behaviour
of
Arius
,
he
sent
for
him
to
Constantinople
,
to
give
an
account
of
the
tumults
and
seditions
that
he
had
raised
at
Alexandria
.
At
this
time
there
was
one
Alexander
,
a
godly
and
worthy
man
,
Bishop
of
Constantinople
.
He
in
the
dimication
which
arose
about
Arius
,
shewed
himself
a
very
prudent
and
pious
man
:
For
as
soon
as
Arius
came
to
Constantinople
,
he
presently
raised
divisions
amongst
the
people
there
also
,
so
that
great
tumults
ensued
whilest
one
part
of
the
people
stood
for
the
Faith
confirmed
by
the
Nicene
Council
:
another
part
of
them
said
that
the
opinion
of
Arius
was
most
consonant
and
agreeable
to
reason
:
Hereupon
Alexander
fell
into
a
great
perplexity
,
especially
because
Eusebius
Bishop
of
Nicomedia
,
often
and
grievously
threatned
him
,
that
he
would
depose
him
from
his
Bishoprick
,
if
he
would
not
receive
Arius
and
his
companions
into
Communion
with
him
.
But
Alexander
was
not
so
solicitous
about
his
own
Deposition
,
as
he
was
careful
for
to
maintain
the
Nicene
Faith
,
and
the
Doctrine
established
by
that
Council
.
For
esteeming
himself
bound
to
be
a
Patron
of
the
Decrees
of
that
Council
,
he
thought
that
it
was
his
duty
to
the
uttermost
of
his
power
to
see
that
they
might
not
be
broken
,
nor
made
invalid
:
Being
therefore
ingaged
in
this
contestation
,
he
laid
aside
humane
arguments
,
and
betook
himself
to
the
help
and
assistance
of
God
;
and
thereupon
shutting
himself
up
in
the
Church
,
Alexander
prays
against
Arius
.
he
fell
to
Fasting
and
Prayer
,
and
night
and
day
with
tears
he
begged
of
God
,
that
if
the
opinion
of
Arius
was
true
,
he
might
never
see
the
day
appointed
for
the
trial
,
but
if
his
own
Faith
were
the
truth
,
that
then
God
would
inflict
some
visible
judgement
upon
Arius
,
the
Author
of
all
those
mischiefs
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Emperour
,
desirous
to
finde
out
the
opinion
of
Arius
,
sent
for
him
to
his
Pallace
,
and
asked
him
whether
he
did
agree
to
the
Decrees
of
the
Council
of
Nice
?
He
without
delay
willingly
and
chearfully
subscribed
them
:
whereas
in
the
mean
time
he
cunningly
and
fallaciously
evaded
those
things
which
were
determined
about
matters
of
Faith
.
Arius
his
equl
vocation
and
prejury
.
The
Emperour
wondering
at
it
,
required
him
to
swear
to
them
,
which
he
also
did
,
but
with
the
like
fraud
as
he
had
before
subscribed
them
.
For
having
writren
privately
his
own
opinion
,
he
put
it
into
his
bosom
;
and
then
swore
that
he
did
truly
,
and
from
his
heart
believe
according
as
he
had
written
.
The
good
Emperour
giving
credit
to
his
Subscription
and
Oath
,
commanded
Alexander
the
Bishop
of
Constantinople
to
receive
him
into
Communion
.
This
was
on
the
Saturday
,
and
Arius
expected
the
next
day
to
be
admitted
into
the
Communion
of
the
Church
,
but
God
prevented
it
.
For
Arius
going
out
of
the
Pallace
with
Eusebius
,
and
a
great
number
of
his
followers
in
great
pomp
and
pride
,
as
having
gotten
the
victory
of
his
adversaries
:
He
no
sooner
came
to
the
chief
Market
place
in
the
City
,
Gods
just
judgement
upon
Arius
.
but
his
Conscience
began
to
accuse
and
terrifie
him
for
all
his
deceit
and
wickedness
:
through
the
violence
whereof
his
belly
was
loosened
,
whereupon
he
asked
whether
the
Jakes
was
not
nere
,
and
being
informed
that
they
were
hard
by
,
he
turned
aside
into
them
,
and
whilest
he
was
casing
Nature
,
first
his
Fundament
came
forth
,
His
wretched
death
then
abundance
of
blood
,
and
at
last
he
voided
his
Bowels
,
with
his
Spleen
,
and
his
Liver
,
whereupon
he
immediately
dyed
.
Some
of
his
company
thinking
him
long
,
went
in
to
see
the
cause
,
and
found
him
dead
in
this
miserable
manner
.
Hereupo●
Eusebius
and
all
his
rout
were
stricken
with
a
wonderful
terror
:
The
fame
of
Arius
his
accursed
death
presently
flew
all
over
the
City
,
yea
almost
over
all
the
World
:
Every
one
as
they
went
by
,
pointed
at
the
place
where
he
made
this
wretched
end
,
and
shunned
the
use
of
it
:
Yet
his
Associates
gave
it
out
that
his
adversaries
by
the
help
of
Magick
had
thus
destroyed
him
.
Heretical
lyes
.
And
whereas
many
resorted
to
see
the
place
of
his
death
,
whereby
it
became
very
infamous
;
at
length
a
certain
rich
Citizen
that
was
an
Arian
,
bought
it
,
and
pulling
down
the
Jakes
,
built
an
house
in
the
room
of
it
,
that
so
the
thing
in
process
of
time
might
be
wholly
forgotten
.
Athanasius
being
throughly
informed
of
these
things
,
writes
thus
of
them
,
Athanasius
his
judgement
of
Ari●●'s
death
.
Arius
(
saith
he
)
the
Prince
and
Author
of
his
Sect
,
and
the
companion
of
Eusebius
,
was
by
the
art
and
industry
of
the
Eusebian
Faction
sent
for
to
Constantinople
by
the
Emperour
of
blessed
memory
,
who
commanded
him
to
write
his
Faith
:
and
this
cunning
Fox
wrote
it
indeed
:
but
(
after
the
manner
of
the
Devil
in
quoting
Scripture
)
he
craftily
suppressed
,
and
left
out
the
impudent
words
of
his
impiety
.
And
when
Constantine
urged
him
,
that
if
he
had
no
other
opinion
which
he
kept
secret
in
his
minde
,
he
should
subscribe
,
and
swear
to
the
truth
;
withal
,
telling
him
,
that
if
he
forswore
himself
,
God
would
finde
him
out
,
and
plague
him
for
it
:
this
miserable
wretch
swore
that
he
held
no
other
opinion
,
nor
thought
otherwise
then
he
had
written
:
Whereupon
(
saith
he
)
going
forth
from
the
Emperour
,
Gods
hand
presently
fell
upon
him
,
and
like
Judas
,
dying
,
he
burst
in
sunder
,
and
his
bowels
came
forth
.
And
though
death
be
common
to
all
men
,
so
that
no
man
,
no
not
our
Enemy
is
to
be
reproached
after
death
:
yet
the
death
of
Arius
being
so
strange
,
and
differing
from
the
death
of
other
men
,
is
not
to
be
passed
over
in
silence
.
For
when
Eusebius
and
his
followers
,
threatned
to
bring
Arius
the
very
next
morning
into
the
Congregation
,
and
Alexander
by
Prayer
had
sought
unto
God
to
prevent
it
.
It
pleased
God
,
who
was
now
made
the
Judge
,
that
very
day
,
to
bring
him
to
such
a
fearful
end
.
Constantine
being
informed
hereof
,
wondred
at
it
,
assuring
himself
that
Arius
had
been
guilty
of
perjury
.
But
shortly
after
it
pleased
God
to
take
away
that
good
Emperour
:
Constantines
death
.
After
whose
death
Eusebius
Bishop
of
N●comedia
,
and
Theognis
Bishop
of
Nice
,
supposing
that
now
they
had
gotten
a
fit
time
,
endeavoured
by
all
means
possible
to
take
away
the
Nicene
Creed
out
of
the
Church
,
Heretical
subtlety
.
wherein
was
the
clause
of
One
Substance
,
and
in
the
room
thereof
to
settle
the
detestable
heresie
of
Arius
:
But
this
they
knew
they
could
never
effect
,
if
Athanasius
returned
from
Exile
to
Alexandria
:
wherefore
they
made
use
of
a
certain
Arian
Priest
to
carry
the
last
Will
and
Testament
of
Constantine
to
Constantius
his
son
,
together
with
the
Legacies
bequeathed
him
.
Constantius
finding
in
the
Will
that
which
he
greatly
desired
,
viz.
that
the
Empire
of
the
East
was
left
to
him
,
made
very
much
of
the
Priest
,
granted
him
great
liberty
,
charged
him
to
use
his
Pallace
freely
and
boldly
at
his
pleasure
.
The
danger
of
suffering
hereticks
amongst
great
persons
.
Hereupon
this
cunning
seducer
insinuated
into
acquaintance
with
the
Empress
,
and
with
her
Eunuchs
and
Chamberlains
:
and
whereas
one
Eusebius
was
chief
of
the
Eunuchs
through
the
perswasions
of
this
lewd
Priest
,
he
became
an
Arian
,
and
infected
the
other
Eunuchs
of
his
Company
:
Yea
the
Empress
also
by
the
enticements
of
this
Priest
,
and
her
Eunuchs
fell
into
the
pestilent
Heresie
of
Arius
.
Yea
a
while
after
the
Emperour
himself
began
to
favour
that
opinion
,
and
so
by
little
and
little
it
was
spread
everywhere
;
first
,
the
Emperours
Guard
took
it
up
:
then
it
busied
the
mindes
of
the
multitude
in
the
City
:
the
Emperours
Chamberlains
in
the
very
Pallace
began
to
contend
with
women
about
it
:
And
this
woful
Effect
followed
the
countenancing
of
this
Heresie
,
The
danger
of
heresie
.
that
in
every
House
and
Family
through
the
City
they
brawled
and
went
together
by
the
ears
about
it
.
Yea
this
infection
spread
it self
quickly
through
other
Regions
and
Countries
,
and
the
controversie
much
like
a
spark
of
fire
,
kindled
the
mindes
of
the
hearers
with
the
fiery
flame
of
discord
and
dissention
.
For
every
one
that
desired
to
know
why
they
made
tumults
,
by
and
by
had
occasion
given
him
to
reason
:
and
every
one
was
not
satisfied
with
questioning
,
but
contentiously
would
argue
thereof
:
By
these
means
the
peaceable
and
quiet
state
of
the
Church
was
turned
upside
down
:
But
in
the
interim
it
pleased
God
,
that
this
flame
kept
in
the
East
,
whilest
the
Western
Church
injoyed
peace
and
quietness
▪
For
by
no
means
would
they
suffer
the
Canons
of
the
Nicene
Council
to
be
violated
or
made
null.
After
the
heat
of
contention
was
blown
abroad
,
and
burned
more
and
more
,
the
Faction
of
Eusebius
doubted
not
but
it
would
turn
to
their
great
advantage
:
for
they
hoped
that
it
would
come
to
pass
that
some
Bishop
would
be
chosen
of
Alexandria
that
would
favour
and
advance
their
opinion
.
But
at
the
very
same
time
Athanasius
returned
unto
Alexandria
,
Athanasius
returns
to
Alexandria
.
carrying
along
with
him
Letters
from
Constantine
the
Younger
,
who
was
one
of
the
Emperours
;
The
tenour
whereof
was
this
:
Constantine
Caesar
to
the
People
of
the
Catholick
Church
of
Alexandria
sendeth
greeting
:
Constantines
Let●er
to
the
people
of
Alexandria
.
I
hope
it
is
not
unknown
to
your
discreet
wisdoms
,
that
Athanasius
the
Professor
of
sacred
Divinity
,
was
for
a
time
banished
into
France
:
least
that
through
the
mischievous
dealing
of
lewd
men
(
for
blood
suckers
and
cruel
beasts
sought
to
bereave
him
of
his
life
)
he
should
privily
be
slain
:
wherefore
that
he
might
be
sheltred
from
the
malice
of
those
despiteful
men
,
he
was
taken
out
of
their
jaws
,
and
was
commanded
to
live
under
my
Dominion
,
where
I
took
care
that
he
might
be
fully
furnished
with
all
things
needful
,
as
if
he
had
been
in
the
City
where
formerly
he
lived
.
And
when
as
our
Lord
and
Father
of
famous
memory
Constantine
the
Emperour
,
had
intended
to
restore
him
to
his
Bishoprick
again
,
he
was
prevented
by
death
before
he
could
accomplish
his
desires
;
I
thought
it
my
part
and
duty
,
therefore
to
execute
the
intent
of
so
godly
an
Emperour
:
With
what
estimation
and
reverence
I
have
entertained
the
man
,
he
shall
report
with
his
own
mouth
at
his
return
to
you
:
neither
is
there
any
marvel
that
I
shewed
him
such
courtesie
:
For
me
thought
that
I
saw
in
him
the
great
longing
ye
had
for
him
,
and
I
beheld
also
the
Fatherly
reverence
and
gravity
of
the
man
himself
,
all
which
moved
me
not
a
little
thereunto
.
God
of
his
goodness
(
Wel-beloved
Brethren
)
have
you
in
his
tuition
.
Athanasius
upon
the
confidence
of
these
Letters
returned
unto
Alexandria
,
whom
the
people
received
with
most
willing
mindes
:
The
Arians
raise
tumults
against
Athanasius
.
But
such
in
that
City
as
were
infected
with
the
Leprosie
of
Arianism
,
conspired
against
him
,
so
that
many
tumults
and
skirmishes
were
raised
,
which
gave
occasion
to
the
confederates
of
Eusebius
to
accuse
Athanasius
falsely
to
the
Emperour
,
that
of
his
own
private
spirit
,
without
the
consent
of
the
Assembly
of
the
Bishops
,
he
had
setled
himself
in
that
Church
:
This
odious
accusation
so
far
incensed
the
Emperour
Constantius
,
that
he
sent
one
Gregory
an
Arian
to
be
Bishop
of
Alexandria
,
and
with
him
Syrianus
a
Captain
,
with
5000
Souldiers
to
drive
out
Athanasius
,
and
to
settle
Gregory
in
his
room
;
the
Arians
which
were
in
the
City
joined
themselves
with
them
to
help
them
:
It
was
then
even-tide
,
and
the
people
were
assembled
in
the
Church
to
prepare
themselves
for
the
Sacrament
,
which
was
the
next
day
to
be
administred
.
The
Captain
drew
nigh
,
set
his
Souldiers
in
battail
array
,
The
cruelty
of
Hereticks
.
and
beset
the
Church
,
Athanasius
understanding
the
danger
,
devised
how
the
people
might
take
no
harm
for
his
sake
:
whereupon
he
commanded
his
Deacon
to
read
the
Collects
to
the
people
,
and
after
that
to
sing
a
Psalm
:
A
special
providence
.
and
as
the
Psalm
was
sweetly
and
harmoniously
sung
,
all
the
people
went
out
at
one
of
the
Church
doors
,
and
it
pleased
God
that
the
Souldiers
had
no
power
to
meddle
with
them
,
and
Athanasius
in
the
midst
of
the
Singers
escaped
also
without
any
harm
:
and
Gregory
took
possession
of
the
Church
;
〈◊〉
flies
to
〈◊〉
▪
whilest
Athanasius
being
thus
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
delivered
,
went
in
all
hast
to
Rome
.
About
this
time
Constantine
the
younger
was
slain
by
the
souldiers
,
and
Constance
the
youngest
of
the
three
Emperours
,
remained
Emperour
of
the
West
.
Athanasius
coming
to
Rome
,
complained
to
the
Bishop
Julius
of
the
great
wrong
which
was
done
to
him
:
the
like
did
divers
others
of
the
Eastern
Bishops
,
who
were
unjustly
thrust
out
by
the
Arians
:
Hereupon
Julius
wrote
freely
unto
the
Bishops
of
the
East
,
requiring
them
to
restore
those
Bishops
to
their
places
again
,
sharply
rebuking
such
as
had
ra●hly
and
unjustly
procured
their
deposition
.
The
wronged
Bishops
trusting
to
Julius
his
Letter
,
returned
every
man
to
his
own
Church
,
conveying
the
Letters
unto
whom
they
were
written
:
who
when
the
Letters
came
to
their
hands
,
took
it
very
hainously
that
Julius
should
interpose
in
that
cause
,
His
return
to
Alexandria
.
and
thereupon
summoned
a
Council
at
Antioch
.
In
the
mean
time
Athanasius
being
come
to
Alexandria
,
there
was
great
stir
,
and
many
tumults
were
raised
by
Gregory
,
and
the
Arians
against
him
:
they
also
forged
and
divulged
this
slander
,
viz.
Hereticks
fals●hood
.
That
whereas
Constantine
the
Great
had
given
certain
grain
for
Alms
to
relieve
the
Poor
of
the
Church
of
Alexandria
;
this
(
say
they
)
Athanasius
had
sold
,
and
converts
it
to
his
own
private
lucre
:
the
Emperour
takes
this
slanderous
report
for
truth
,
and
threatneth
him
with
death
,
which
Athanasius
hearing
of
,
fled
,
〈◊〉
flyeth
.
and
hid
himself
in
a
secret
and
obscure
place
:
At
length
Julius
Bishop
of
Rome
being
informed
where
he
lay
hid
,
sent
for
him
,
and
when
he
was
come
to
Rome
,
he
acquainted
the
Emperour
Constance
with
all
the
injuries
which
were
done
to
him
:
This
good
Emperour
being
much
affected
with
that
sad
relation
,
wrote
to
his
Brother
in
the
East
,
requesting
him
to
send
to
him
three
men
that
would
justifie
the
accusations
against
Athanasius
.
Accordingly
there
were
sent
Narcissus
the
Cilician
,
Theodore
the
Thracian
,
●aris
the
Calcedonian
,
and
Marcus
the
Syrian
:
But
when
they
came
to
Rome
they
would
by
no
means
reason
with
Athanasius
,
only
they
exhibited
to
the
Emperour
a
certain
Form
of
Faith
,
and
so
took
their
leave
without
reasoning
of
any
other
matter
.
Not
long
after
the
Western
Bishops
assembled
in
a
Council
at
Sardis
,
where
Athanasius
was
acquit
from
the
crimes
charged
upon
him
,
Constance
defendeth
him
.
and
thereupon
Constance
wrote
to
his
Brother
to
acquaint
him
therewith
,
and
to
request
him
that
Athanasius
might
be
restored
to
his
Bishoprick
:
But
when
Constantius
deferred
from
day
to
day
to
answer
his
desire
,
Constance
wrote
to
him
the
second
time
,
giving
him
in
choise
either
to
restore
Athanasius
,
and
so
account
of
him
as
his
friend
,
or
else
to
hear
the
Proclamation
of
open
War
,
and
so
finde
him
his
deadly
foe
The
Emperour
of
the
East
hearing
this
,
was
wondeful
sad
and
pensive
;
and
calling
together
many
of
the
Eastern
Bishops
,
layeth
before
them
the
choise
his
Brother
had
given
him
:
demandeth
of
them
what
was
best
in
this
case
to
be
done
:
they
answered
,
that
it
was
far
better
to
restore
Athanasius
,
then
to
make
that
an
occasion
of
mortal
and
deadly
Wars
:
Hereupon
the
Emperour
wrote
this
Letter
unto
him
:
Constantius
the
Puissant
and
Noble
Emperour
,
Constantius
his
letter
to
Athanasius
.
unto
Athanasius
the
Bishop
sendeth
greeting
.
Our
singular
and
wonted
clemency
will
no
longer
suffer
thy
Fatherhood
to
be
turmoiled
and
tossed
with
the
surging
waves
of
the
Seas
;
the
Piety
which
we
have
always
in
great
price
,
will
no
longer
permit
thy
Holiness
now
banished
out
of
thy
Native
soil
,
bereaved
of
thy
substance
,
barred
of
all
prosperity
,
to
wander
through
crooked
and
cross
ways
,
through
Desarts
and
dangerous
Countreys
.
Although
we
have
lingred
now
a
great
while
from
sending
our
Letters
,
whereby
we
might
signifie
unto
thee
the
concealed
secresie
of
our
minde
,
hoping
that
of
thine
own
accord
thou
wouldst
repair
unto
us
,
and
with
humble
sute
crave
remedy
and
redress
of
thine
injuries
:
Yet
nevertheless
(
fear
peradventure
hindering
thee
of
thy
purpose
)
we
sent
presently
our
gracious
Letters
unto
thy
Grave
Wisdom
,
that
with
all
celerity
thou
come
unto
us
,
whereby
thou
shalt
satisfie
longing
desires
,
thou
shalt
have
trial
of
our
wonted
clemency
,
and
be
restored
to
thine
own
Sea
,
and
Nativeo
s●l
.
For
to
this
end
I
have
entreated
my
Lord
and
Brother
Constance
the
Puissant
and
Noble
Emperour
,
that
he
would
license
thee
to
return
unto
us
,
whereby
thou
mightest
by
the
means
of
us
both
enjoy
thy
Country
,
and
have
this
token
for
trial
of
our
singul●r
clemency
▪
and
good
will
towards
thee
.
But
whilest
Athanasius
doubted
and
feared
to
go
unto
Constantius
,
by
reason
of
the
false
and
slanderous
reports
that
were
raised
of
him
,
and
the
implacable
malice
of
his
Enemies
,
Constantius
wrote
this
second
Letter
to
him
.
Constantius
the
Puissant
and
Noble
Emperour
,
His
second
letter
to
Athanasius
.
unto
Athanasius
the
Bishop
sendeth
greeting
.
Although
by
our
former
Letters
we
have
signified
to
thy
Wisdom
after
the
plainest
manner
,
that
with
secure
minde
and
safe
conduct
,
thou
shouldst
come
unto
our
Court
,
because
we
were
fully
determined
to
restore
thee
to
thy
former
dignities
:
We
have
notwithstanding
sent
these
Letters
also
to
thy
Holiness
,
that
thou
hire
a
common
Wagon
,
and
removing
all
timorous
thoughts
from
thy
distrustful
minde
,
thou
speedily
repair
unto
us
,
to
the
end
thou
mayest
the
sooner
enjoy
thy
long
wished
desires
.
Presently
after
he
wrote
again
this
third
Letter
for
his
further
satisfaction
.
Constantius
the
Puissant
and
Noble
Emperour
,
His
third
letter
to
Athanasius
.
unto
Athanasius
the
Bishop
sendeth
greeting
:
Being
lately
at
Edessa
▪
where
also
were
some
of
thy
Presbyters
then
present
,
it
seemed
good
unto
us
,
to
send
one
of
them
unto
thee
,
that
thou
shouldst
hasten
unto
our
Court
,
and
after
thy
coming
into
our
presence
,
without
delay
return
unto
Alexandria
:
And
forasmuch
as
it
is
now
a
great
while
ago
since
thou
receivedst
our
Letters
,
and
hast
deferred
thy
journey
,
therefore
now
also
we
thought
good
to
put
thee
in
remembrance
,
that
without
delay
thou
come
unto
us
,
and
so
thou
shalt
possess
the
liberty
of
thy
Country
,
and
thy
long
wished
ease
and
quietness
.
And
that
thou
mightest
fully
perswade
thy self
of
all
the
promises
,
we
have
sent
unto
thee
Achetas
the
Deacon
,
by
whom
thou
shalt
unde●
stand
,
both
what
our
purpose
is
,
and
also
how
that
thy
hearts
desire
shall
prevail
.
Athanasius
being
at
Aquil●ia
when
he
received
these
Letters
,
immediately
posted
to
Rome
,
and
shewed
them
to
Bishop
Julius
;
whereby
the
Church
of
Rome
rejoyced
much
,
conceiving
that
Constantius
the
Eastern
Emperour
was
of
the
same
Faith
and
opinion
with
themselves
,
whereupon
Julius
wrote
this
Letter
to
the
People
of
Alexandria
in
the
behalf
of
Athanasius
.
Julius
Bishop
of
Rome
,
Julius
his
Letter
in
the
behalf
of
Athanasius
.
unto
the
Presbyters
,
Deacons
,
and
Wel-beloved
Brethren
of
Alexandria
,
sendeth
greeting
in
the
Lord
:
I
do
greatly
rejoyce
with
you
(
Wel-beloved
Brethren
)
that
henceforth
you
may
behold
with
your
Eyes
the
fruit
of
your
Faith
:
For
that
is
to
be
seen
in
my
Brother
and
fellow
Bishop
Athanasius
,
whom
God
hath
restored
unto
you
partly
for
〈◊〉
sincere
and
godly
life
,
and
partly
also
by
the
means
of
your
Prayers
.
Hereby
it
may
be
easily
conjectured
what
pure
and
fervent
Prayers
you
have
always
poured
out
unto
God
;
for
when
you
called
to
minde
the
heavenly
promises
,
and
the
intire
affection
which
you
bare
unto
them
,
all
which
you
learned
of
my
foresaid
Brother
,
you
understood
plainly
,
and
through
the
right
Faith
ingrafted
into
your
mindes
you
were
fully
perswaded
that
Athanasius
,
(
whom
in
your
godly
mindes
you
beheld
as
present
)
should
not
be
always
severed
from
you
:
wherefore
I
need
not
to
use
many
words
unto
you
,
for
whatsoever
I
can
say
,
the
same
hath
your
Faith
prevented
:
and
whatsoever
you
all
heartily
desired
,
the
same
(
through
the
Grace
of
God
)
is
now
fully
come
to
pass
.
And
that
I
may
repeat
the
same
again
,
I
do
greatly
rejoyce
with
you
,
that
you
have
continued
so
firm
and
stedfast
in
the
Faith
,
that
by
no
means
you
could
be
withdrawn
from
it
.
Moreover
I
do
no
less
rejoyce
for
my
Brother
Athanasius
,
who
notwithstanding
the
manifold
calamities
,
and
sundry
miseries
which
he
endured
,
yet
remembred
almost
every
hour
your
intire
love
,
and
great
longing
for
him
:
And
though
for
a
season
he
seemed
to
be
absent
from
you
in
body
,
yet
lived
he
always
as
present
with
you
in
the
Spirit
.
I
think
verily
(
Wel-beloved
Brethren
)
that
all
the
temptations
and
pains
which
he
indured
are
not
void
of
their
commendations
or
profit
:
For
by
this
means
both
his
Faith
and
yours
have
been
made
manifest
to
the
whole
World
.
If
he
had
not
been
tried
with
such
great
and
lamentable
temptations
,
who
would
ever
have
thought
,
or
known
that
your
minds
had
been
so
unmovably
fixed
upon
so
worthy
a
Bishop
;
or
that
he
was
the
man
that
excelled
in
such
rare
gifts
,
by
means
whereof
he
is
made
partaker
of
the
hope
that
is
laid
up
for
him
in
Heaven
:
wherefore
he
hath
attained
to
a
notable
testimony
of
his
Faith
,
not
only
in
this
life
,
but
of
that
which
is
to
come
:
For
by
his
patient
suffering
of
much
adversity
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
he
bath
trampled
and
trod
under
foot
all
the
malitious
treacheries
of
his
Arian
adversaries
:
Oft-times
by
reason
of
their
spite
,
he
stood
in
great
hazard
of
his
life
,
yet
made
●e
no
account
of
death
;
but
through
the
Grace
of
Almighty
God
,
and
power
of
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
he
escaped
their
hands
,
whereby
he
conceived
good
hope
that
in
the
end
he
should
quit
him
of
his
adversaries
,
and
be
restored
to
the
comfort
of
you
all
,
and
bear
away
together
with
you
the
victorious
garland
of
wel-doing
,
in
that
he
is
already
famous
even
to
the
ends
of
the
World
:
highly
commended
for
his
good
life
:
renowned
for
his
free
and
constant
perseverance
in
the
defence
of
the
Christian
and
Heavenly
Faith
,
and
registred
by
the
censure
of
you
all
to
immortal
memory
,
for
the
singular
love
and
affection
he
shewed
towards
you
;
wherefore
he
is
returned
unto
you
bedecked
with
greater
excellency
and
renown
then
before
his
departure
.
If
the
purity
of
fine
and
pretious
mettal
,
as
of
gold
and
silver
be
exquisitely
tried
in
the
fire
;
what
can
be
spoken
of
so
excellent
a
man
in
respect
of
his
worthiness
,
who
after
the
quenching
of
so
many
flaming
fires
of
Sedition
:
after
the
recovering
of
so
many
dangerous
perils
,
and
grievous
downfals
,
is
now
restored
to
you
,
and
found
innocent
,
not
only
by
our
determination
,
but
by
the
Decree
and
censure
of
the
whole
Council
?
Entertain
therefore
(
Wel-beloved
Brethren
)
your
Bishop
Athanasius
,
and
also
such
as
have
been
partakers
of
his
afflictions
,
with
all
reverence
,
joy
and
gladness
:
Rejoyce
in
that
you
have
obtained
your
desires
:
in
that
you
have
(
as
it
were
)
fed
and
quenched
the
thirst
of
your
Shepheard
,
hungring
and
thirsting
in
his
absence
after
your
godly
zeal
:
For
thereby
,
during
his
abode
i●
Forreign
and
far
Countrys
,
you
comforted
him
not
a
little
,
and
whilest
he
was
tossed
to
and
fro
with
the
storms
of
Persecution
,
and
intangled
with
the
snares
of
his
malicious
adversaries
,
you
mitigated
his
grief
and
sorrow
by
sending
to
him
tokens
of
your
faithful
and
fervent
mindes
towards
him
;
When
that
I
think
with
my self
,
and
cast
in
my
minde
the
conceived
joy
of
you
all
at
his
return
:
the
flocking
multitude
full
of
Religion
and
godliness
:
the
solemn
Feast
of
sage
Persons
assembled
together
:
what
kinde
of
day
the
return
of
my
Brother
unto
you
is
like
to
be
,
I
cannot
but
conceive
with
wonderful
joy
;
especially
because
the
schism
and
discord
which
reigned
heretofore
will
then
be
plucked
up
by
the
roots
:
for
that
his
honorable
return
according
to
your
own
hearts
desires
,
hath
replenished
you
with
incredible
joy
and
gladness
:
So
that
the
joy
for
the
greatness
thereof
hath
reached
unto
us
,
to
whom
it
is
given
from
above
to
have
acquaintance
and
familiarity
with
so
excellent
a
man
.
It
seemeth
good
that
we
end
our
Epistle
with
a
Prayer
;
God
Almighty
,
and
his
Son
our
Saviour
Jesus
Christ
,
give
you
always
of
his
Grace
,
and
grant
you
of
his
Mercy
the
reward
of
so
noble
a
Faith
which
you
have
shewed
towards
your
Bishop
,
with
so
worthy
a
testimony
:
that
both
you
and
yours
may
not
only
in
this
World
,
but
also
in
the
Life
to
come
enjoy
far
more
excellent
gifts
,
which
neither
Eye
hath
seen
,
nor
Ear
hath
heard
,
neither
the
Heart
of
man
conceived
the
things
which
God
hath
prepared
for
them
that
love
him
through
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
,
to
whom
with
Almighty
God
be
glory
for
ever
and
ever
.
Amen
.
God
have
you
in
his
tuition
,
Wel-beloved
Brethren
.
Athanasius
having
received
these
Letters
went
into
the
East
,
Athanasius
goeth
into
the
East
.
and
though
the
Emperour
Constantius
at
that
time
received
him
not
unwillingly
,
yet
giving
ear
to
the
crafty
sleights
of
the
despiteful
Arians
,
he
thus
reasoned
with
him
.
Although
that
art
restored
to
thy
Bishoprick
by
the
Decree
of
the
Council
,
and
our
determination
:
yet
because
there
are
in
Alexandria
certain
people
differing
in
opinion
from
thine
,
and
severing
themselves
from
thy
Communion
,
my
request
is
,
that
thou
permit
them
one
Church
by
themselves
:
Athanasius
made
answer
to
this
request
very
wittily
,
His
prudence
.
and
said
,
O
Emperour
it
lieth
in
thee
to
do
as
pleaseth
thee
best
:
to
command
,
and
execute
the
Commandment
:
I
also
will
crave
of
thee
another
thing
by
way
of
recompence
,
and
my
humble
request
is
,
that
thou
grant
it
me
:
And
when
the
Emperour
answered
that
with
most
willing
minde
he
would
condescend
thereunto
:
Athanasius
immediately
said
:
My
humble
sute
is
,
that
I
may
obtaint
that
which
thou
wouldst
have
at
my
hand
,
viz.
That
thou
wouldst
grant
one
Church
through
every
City
for
such
as
will
not
Communicate
with
the
Arians
.
The
Arians
perceiving
that
the
request
of
Athanasius
was
not
unreasonable
,
made
answer
,
that
they
would
defer
the
answer
unto
another
time
,
and
consider
better
of
it
;
that
they
hindred
not
the
Emperour
,
but
suffered
him
to
do
what
pleased
him
best
:
wherefore
the
Emperour
restored
Athanasius
to
his
Bishoprick
again
,
writing
Letters
to
the
Bishops
,
Clergy
,
and
People
of
Alexandria
,
that
they
should
receive
him
lovingly
and
willingly
:
the
tenor
whereof
was
as
followeth
;
Constantius
the
Mighty
,
Constantius
his
Letter
to
the
Alexandrians
in
the
behalf
of
Athanasius
.
Noble
,
and
Puissant
Emperour
,
unto
the
Bishops
and
Presbyters
of
the
Catholick
Church
,
sendeth
greeting
:
It
appeareth
evidently
that
Athanasius
the
Reverend
Bishop
was
not
destitute
of
the
grace
and
goodness
of
God
,
but
though
by
the
judgement
and
censure
of
men
he
was
dealt
injuriously
withall
,
and
unjustly
condemned
for
a
little
while
:
yet
the
Divine
Providence
of
Almighty
God
,
the
beholder
of
all
things
,
pronounced
for
him
the
just
sentence
of
Innocency
,
so
that
by
the
will
of
God
,
and
our
Decree
,
he
recovered
both
his
Native
Soil
and
proper
Church
,
where
the
Holy
Ghost
hath
assigned
him
Governor
.
He
is
to
receive
at
your
hands
such
things
as
our
clemency
,
being
led
by
right
and
reason
,
shall
think
convenient
for
him
:
so
that
all
,
whatsoever
hath
been
heretofore
decreed
against
such
as
communicated
with
him
,
be
henceforth
quite
forgotten
,
that
all
suspition
raised
of
him
be
henceforth
removed
,
and
that
his
Clergy
(
reason
so
requiring
)
may
enjoy
such
liberty
,
freedom
,
and
priviledge
as
they
have
done
in
times
past
.
Moreover
of
our
Soverraign
benignity
towards
him
,
we
have
thought
good
to
add
this
also
,
That
as
many
as
are
allotted
to
the
Sacred
Senate
of
the
Clergy
may
understand
of
truth
,
that
we
have
granted
safety
and
good
leave
to
as
many
as
cleave
unto
him
,
be
they
Bishops
,
or
of
what
other
degree
soever
of
the
Clergy
.
Every
ones
firm
and
sure
consent
in
this
behalf
,
shall
be
a
sufficient
sign
or
token
of
his
faithful
minde
and
purpose
:
We
have
commanded
that
such
as
embrace
his
Communion
,
addicting
themselves
to
the
sounder
opinion
and
better
sentence
,
all
alike
now
by
our
permission
,
as
heretofore
by
the
Providence
of
God
,
may
enjoy
the
benefits
bestowed
upon
them
from
above
.
He
wrote
also
to
the
Governor
this
Epistle
.
Constantius
the
Puissant
and
Noble
Emperour
,
His
Letter
to
the
Governor
of
Alexandria
.
unto
Nestorius
sendeth
greeting
.
If
any
thing
be
found
decreed
and
recorded
to
the
prejudice
,
hurt
,
or
damage
of
such
as
communicate
with
Athaniaius
the
Bishop
,
our
will
is
that
the
same
be
wholly
abrogated
and
disanulled
.
Our
pleasure
is
moreover
,
that
his
Clergy
shall
enjoy
their
like
Franchises
and
liberty
as
in
times
past
:
we
will
have
this
commandment
put
in
ure
,
that
as
Athanasius
the
Bishop
is
restored
to
his
Sea
,
so
all
the
Clergy
of
his
Communion
may
recover
,
and
possess
the
like
liberty
with
other
Ecclesiastical
persons
,
that
so
they
may
live
at
hearts
ease
.
Athanasius
having
received
these
Letters
,
passed
through
Syria
,
and
came
to
Palestinee
:
and
arriving
at
Hierusalem
,
he
opened
unto
Maximus
the
●ishop
,
both
the
Decrees
of
the
Council
of
Sardis
,
Athanasius
is
restored
by
a
Council
.
and
also
the
Emperour
Constantinus
his
agreement
and
consent
therein
,
and
procured
a
Synod
of
Bishops
to
be
assembled
there
:
which
being
gathered
together
,
Maximus
gave
to
Athanasius
the
Communion
,
and
assigned
to
him
his
Dignity
,
and
the
Council
signified
by
their
Letters
to
the
people
of
Alexandria
,
and
to
the
Bishops
of
Egypt
and
Lybia
,
all
their
Decrees
and
Canons
touching
Athanasius
,
and
so
dissolved
.
Hereupon
all
the
adversaries
of
Athanasius
cryed
out
against
Maximus
,
because
that
aforetime
he
had
subscribed
to
his
Deposition
;
but
now
repenting
of
his
folly
,
he
became
of
his
Faith
,
and
awarded
to
him
both
the
Communion
and
his
Dignity
.
When
Vrsacius
and
Valence
,
who
formerly
had
been
earnest
followers
of
Arius
,
heard
of
these
things
,
they
condemned
their
former
doings
,
and
gat
them
to
Rome
,
there
to
exhibit
their
Recantation
to
Julius
the
Bishop
,
subscribing
also
the
Creed
that
contained
the
clause
of
One
Substance
:
writing
also
to
Athanasius
,
that
thenceforth
they
would
communicate
with
him
.
Athanasius
travelling
through
Palestine
towards
Alexandria
,
preached
in
every
City
where
he
came
,
exhorting
them
to
eschew
the
Arians
,
and
to
embrace
such
as
confessed
the
Faith
of
One
Substance
;
and
in
divers
of
the
Churches
also
he
Ordained
Ministers
,
which
gave
occasion
to
his
adversaries
to
accuse
him
again
for
presuming
to
make
Ministers
in
other
mens
Provinces
.
Not
long
after
it
pleased
God
,
that
Constance
the
Emperour
of
the
West
dyed
,
and
Constantius
made
challenge
unto
all
the
Dominions
of
his
Brethren
,
and
being
proclaimed
Emperour
of
the
West
,
he
made
an
expedition
against
Magnentius
and
Bretanion
,
two
Tyrants
that
had
usurped
the
Government
there
.
The
Adversaries
of
Athanasius
supposing
that
now
they
had
gotten
a
fit
opportunity
,
He
is
again
accused
by
the
A●ians
.
invent
,
and
charge
him
with
new
hainous
offences
:
Informing
the
Emperour
that
he
had
perverted
all
Egypt
and
Lybia
:
they
urged
against
him
his
late
Ordination
of
Ministers
in
other
mens
Diocess
.
Athanasius
in
the
mean
time
came
to
Alexandria
,
convened
divers
Councils
of
the
Bishops
of
Egypt
,
where
they
agreed
to
the
Decrees
of
the
Council
of
Sardis
,
and
of
that
held
at
Jerusalem
.
The
Emperour
upon
this
occasion
,
who
aforetime
was
addicted
to
the
Arian
Heresie
,
wrested
all
things
that
he
had
lately
decreed
on
the
contrary
part
;
Bishop
Paulus
murthered
.
and
first
he
banished
Paulus
the
Bishop
of
Constantinople
,
whom
the
guides
that
were
to
conduct
him
into
exile
,
very
lewdly
stifled
at
Cacusum
in
Cappadocia
.
Marcellus
was
expulsed
.
Others
persecuted
.
Lucius
Bishop
of
Adrianople
was
clapt
up
into
Prison
,
and
there
choaked
with
stink
.
But
above
all
,
the
Emperour
was
most
incensed
against
Athanasius
,
giving
commandment
,
that
he
should
be
executed
whereever
he
could
be
taken
:
He
charged
also
that
Theodulus
,
and
Olympius
,
Bishops
of
Thrace
should
be
put
to
death
,
and
Arians
were
placed
in
all
these
Bishops
rooms
.
But
it
pleased
God
that
Athanasius
was
made
privy
to
these
bloody
Decrees
of
the
Emperour
;
Athanasius
flyeth
.
whereupon
he
fled
from
Alexandria
,
and
escaped
the
danger
.
This
the
Arians
rejoiced
at
,
and
grievously
traduced
him
for
it
:
which
Athanasius
hearing
of
,
Apologized
for
himself
,
making
relation
of
the
horrible
practises
committed
at
Alexandria
by
Georgius
the
Arian
.
There
came
(
saith
he
)
to
Alexandria
certain
persons
that
sought
us
out
to
Execution
:
His
Apology
for
it
.
the
Souldiers
unawares
beset
the
Church
,
and
instead
of
devout
serving
of
God
,
took
in
hand
their
bloody
sword
;
Georgius
also
joined
with
them
:
then
were
the
Virgins
haled
,
Their
wicked
practises
of
the
Arians
.
and
clapt
up
into
Prison
:
the
Bishops
were
bound
,
and
led
away
by
bands
of
Souldiers
:
the
Fatherless
and
Widows
were
dispossessed
of
their
Houses
:
whole
Families
were
rifled
:
the
true
Christians
were
violently
trailed
and
lugged
out
of
their
Habitations
:
their
doors
were
nailed
up
:
The
Clergy
mens
Brethren
were
in
great
danger
for
their
Brethrens
sake
:
These
things
were
very
grievous
,
but
that
which
followed
was
far
worse
.
Their
cruetly
against
the
Orthodox
.
The
Week
after
Whitsontide
the
people
did
Fast
,
and
met
in
the
Church-yard
to
Pray
,
because
they
abhorred
the
Communion
of
Georgius
:
But
when
this
passing
lewd
man
heard
of
it
,
he
stirred
up
against
them
one
Sebastian
,
a
Captain
,
who
also
was
a
Manichee
.
He
immediately
with
a
great
Troop
of
Souldiers
,
all
in
Armour
,
and
with
naked
Swords
in
their
hands
,
and
Bows
and
Arrows
prepared
,
ran
upon
the
people
as
they
were
Praying
upon
the
Sabbath
,
and
finding
there
but
a
few
,
(
for
the
hour
being
past
,
the
greater
part
was
gone
home
)
he
committed
such
hainous
acts
as
very
well
became
his
person
.
He
set
on
fire
a
great
company
of
faggots
,
he
made
the
Virgins
stand
nigh
the
burning
flame
to
scorch
them
:
He
endeavoured
thereby
to
enforce
them
to
confess
the
Arian
Faith
:
But
when
he
perceived
that
they
would
not
,
and
that
they
despised
the
burning
heat
of
the
raging
fire
:
He
stripped
them
stark
naked
:
buffetted
them
about
the
head
and
face
,
so
that
for
a
long
time
after
they
were
scarce
known
of
their
own
friends
.
He
also
took
forty
persons
,
and
plagued
them
with
a
new
kinde
of
torment
,
never
heard
of
before
:
He
took
Palm-twigs
newly
plucked
off
from
the
Trees
,
and
stripping
them
,
scourged
them
therewith
,
and
the
twigs
having
on
their
pricking
knobs
,
so
rent
them
,
that
by
reason
of
the
stumps
sticking
in
their
flesh
,
they
were
fain
to
repair
to
Chirurgeons
to
be
dressed
of
their
wounds
:
Others
of
them
not
being
able
to
endure
such
terrible
pains
,
dyed
of
their
wounds
:
And
such
Men
and
Virgins
as
remained
alive
,
he
sent
away
by
the
Souldiers
into
exile
.
The
dead
carkasses
not
yet
fully
cold
,
were
denyed
to
their
friends
,
being
thrown
here
and
there
,
and
lying
unburyed
(
for
that
liked
them
best
)
the
Souldiers
insulting
over
then
,
as
though
they
had
not
been
faulty
in
committing
such
horrible
crimes
:
This
did
they
,
having
their
mindes
besotted
with
the
furious
rage
of
frantick
Heresie
.
And
when
as
the
dear
and
familiar
friends
of
the
dead
rejoyeed
at
the
bold
and
constant
Protestation
of
their
Faith
,
yet
mourned
,
because
that
their
corpses
were
not
covered
with
Earth
:
the
savage
impiety
and
beastly
cruelty
of
these
Souldiers
revealed
it self
with
greater
shame
and
infamy
.
Moreover
,
they
banished
forthwith
sundry
Bishops
of
Egypt
and
Lybia
,
and
some
of
the
Presbyters
:
and
having
bereaved
them
of
their
Native
Soil
,
they
used
them
so
mercilesly
,
that
some
of
them
dyed
by
the
way
,
and
others
in
Exile
.
They
put
to
death
also
above
thirty
Bishops
.
They
followed
the
steps
of
wicked
Ahab
,
imploying
all
their
art
and
industry
to
root
out
the
Truth
from
off
the
face
of
the
Earth
.
Constantius
his
Armies
having
overcome
and
slain
the
Tyrants
,
he
presently
removed
to
Rome
,
there
to
celebrate
the
Triumphs
for
his
Victories
:
and
hoping
that
he
might
by
one
means
or
other
draw
the
chief
dissenting
Bishops
to
an
agreement
in
the
Faith
,
A
Council
summoned
in
●word
.
●
he
summoned
a
Council
to
meet
in
Italy
:
about
which
time
Julius
the
Bishop
of
Rome
dyed
,
having
been
Bishop
25
years
,
and
Liberius
succeeded
him
.
Whereupon
those
Bishops
which
were
against
the
Nicene
Faith
,
perswading
themselves
that
they
had
gotten
a
fit
time
to
disperse
their
calumnies
against
the
Orthodox
,
laboured
by
all
means
with
the
Emperour
,
that
all
those
Orthodox
Bishops
,
whom
they
had
deposed
,
might
not
be
again
restored
to
their
Churches
,
both
because
they
maintained
a
Form
of
Faith
contrary
to
theirs
,
as
also
for
that
in
the
life
time
of
Constance
,
they
had
endeavoured
to
sow
the
seeds
of
contention
betwixt
the
two
Emperours
.
And
this
odious
suggestion
they
made
,
because
of
Constance
his
Letters
formerly
mentioned
in
the
behalf
of
Athanasius
;
but
their
chiefest
spleen
was
against
Athanasius
:
Athanasius
condemned
by
a
Conventicle
.
Whereupon
about
thirty
of
these
Arian
Bishops
meeting
together
at
Antioch
,
they
wrote
to
all
other
Bishops
that
Athanasius
had
returned
to
Alexandria
against
all
the
Laws
of
the
Church
:
Not
by
the
decree
of
a
Council
,
but
by
the
contention
of
some
that
were
of
his
own
opinion
:
whereupon
they
commanded
that
none
should
communicate
with
him
,
neither
write
to
him
,
but
that
they
should
hold
Communion
with
Bishop
Georgius
whom
they
had
Ordained
.
But
Athanasius
little
esteemed
these
their
doings
,
expecting
to
meet
with
far
greater
afflictions
afterwards
.
For
Constanstantius
being
now
the
sole
Emperour
of
Rome
,
laboured
by
all
means
to
draw
the
Western
Bishops
to
agree
with
them
that
denyed
Christ
to
be
consubstantial
with
the
Eather
:
yet
at
first
he
attempted
not
this
by
force
,
but
sought
rather
to
effect
it
by
fraud
,
and
fair
means
,
endeavouring
to
perswade
them
to
agree
with
the
Fastern
Bishops
in
that
sentence
which
they
had
pronounced
against
Athanasius
:
assuring
himself
,
that
if
by
this
means
he
could
but
remove
Athanasius
out
of
the
way
,
he
could
compose
matters
of
Religion
according
to
his
own
minde
.
A
Council
therefore
being
called
to
meet
at
Millain
,
few
of
the
Eastern
Bishops
came
to
it
,
some
being
hindred
by
sickness
,
and
others
by
the
length
of
the
journey
:
But
of
the
Western
Bishops
there
appeared
above
300.
The
Eastern
Bishops
which
were
there
,
required
that
Athanasius
might
be
condemned
,
and
deposed
from
his
Bishoprick
:
and
of
the
Western
Bishops
,
some
(
through
fear
,
)
others
being
circumvented
by
fraud
,
and
another
part
being
ignorant
of
former
proceedings
,
assented
to
it
:
Only
Dionysius
Bishop
of
Alba
,
Eusebius
Bishop
of
the
Verselle
,
Paulinus
Bishop
of
Trevir
,
and
Rhodanus
and
Lucifer
protested
against
such
proceedings
;
For
(
say
they
)
if
such
things
be
suffered
,
their
evill
will
not
rest
here
,
but
the
Decrees
which
are
rightly
and
truly
established
concerning
God
,
and
the
Nicene
Faith
will
be
utterly
subverted
;
and
we
discern
that
all
the
care
of
the
Emperour
and
of
the
Arians
is
to
bring
this
to
pass
:
But
because
these
men
spake
so
freely
in
the
Council
,
they
were
all
of
them
banished
:
and
the
event
shewed
that
they
did
not
miss
the
mark
.
For
shortly
after
there
was
another
Council
gathered
at
Ariminum
,
and
another
at
Seleucia
,
both
which
laboured
to
introduce
new
things
against
the
Decrees
of
the
Council
of
Nice
.
In
the
mean
time
Athanasius
perceiving
that
snares
were
laid
for
him
in
the
Emperours
Pallace
,
and
that
he
could
not
come
thither
without
apparent
danger
,
His
prudence
.
he
appointed
five
Bishops
of
Egypt
,
amongst
whom
Serapion
was
one
,
a
man
eminent
for
Piety
,
and
holiness
of
life
,
and
also
very
Eloquent
,
to
go
to
the
Emperor
,
who
was
yet
in
the
West
:
and
with
them
he
sent
three
of
his
own
Presbyters
to
see
if
by
any
means
they
could
reconcile
the
Emperor
to
him
,
and
vindicate
him
from
the
calumnies
which
his
enemies
had
cast
upon
him
,
as
also
to
transact
other
businesses
which
much
concerned
the
good
both
of
him
and
his
Church
.
But
as
soon
as
they
were
gone
from
Alexandria
,
he
received
Letters
from
the
Emperour
,
He
is
sent
for
to
the
Emperour
.
requiring
his
present
coming
to
the
Court
.
This
much
troubled
Athanasius
and
all
his
people
,
much
doubting
what
the
issue
might
be
:
for
they
knew
that
he
could
neither
safely
assent
to
the
Emperour
,
who
defended
a
contrary
Faith
,
neither
yet
could
he
without
apparent
danger
cross
him
therein
.
Hereupon
Athanasius
resolved
to
abide
at
Alexandria
,
and
sent
him
back
who
had
brought
the
Emperours
Letters
.
The
Summer
after
came
another
messenger
from
the
Emperour
,
who
with
the
assistance
of
the
Governors
of
Egypt
forced
Athanasius
to
depart
out
of
Alexandria
,
He
is
again
banished
.
and
grievously
molested
the
Clergy
of
his
Church
:
But
when
the
Messenger
saw
the
people
to
be
extreamly
offended
with
these
proceedings
,
and
that
they
betook
themselves
to
their
weapons
,
he
went
his
ways
without
effecting
what
he
came
about
.
Shortly
after
the
Forces
which
were
called
the
Latine
Legions
,
were
commanded
to
assemble
out
of
Egypt
and
Lybia
,
and
to
go
to
Alexandria
,
and
the
Captain
of
them
being
informed
that
Athanasius
lay
hid
in
one
of
the
Churches
,
he
took
a
Company
of
Souldiers
,
and
Hilarius
that
brought
the
Emperours
command
,
and
going
to
the
Church
,
they
environed
it
,
and
brake
in
at
the
windows
,
searching
every
corner
,
yet
found
not
Athanasius
.
A
special
providence
.
For
it
had
pleased
God
by
a
Divine
Revelation
to
warn
him
of
his
dangers
,
(
as
in
many
other
straits
he
had
formerly
done
)
:
whereupon
he
had
a
little
before
conveyed
himself
out
of
the
Church
,
and
thereby
escaped
.
The
like
also
had
happened
once
before
,
when
being
grievously
threatned
by
Constantius
,
in
the
life
time
of
Constance
,
he
had
retired
himself
to
a
friend
,
and
there
lay
hid
in
a
Cave
,
that
formerly
used
to
be
full
of
water
:
In
that
place
he
continued
long
,
and
a
certain
Maid
used
to
minister
to
his
necessities
:
but
the
Arians
making
diligent
enquiry
after
him
,
had
by
their
large
promises
corrupted
this
Maid
to
betray
him
:
But
God
discovering
the
danger
to
him
,
a
little
before
they
came
to
apprehend
him
,
he
had
conveyed
himself
to
another
place
.
The
like
also
happened
at
another
time
;
for
Athanasius
being
forced
to
fly
from
Alexandria
,
he
entred
into
a
Pinnace
,
and
went
up
the
River
Nilus
,
which
his
adversaries
being
informed
of
,
sent
a
Captain
and
Souldiers
in
another
Ship
to
pursue
,
which
being
revealed
to
him
by
God
,
he
required
the
Master
of
his
Pinnace
to
turn
again
towards
Alexandria
,
and
so
having
the
stream
with
him
,
he
swibvftly
passed
by
his
pursuers
,
and
returning
to
Alexandria
,
he
hid
himself
in
his
friends
houses
,
and
by
reason
of
the
multitude
of
people
was
easily
concealed
,
thereby
escaping
the
danger
.
For
these
,
and
such
like
miraculous
escapes
,
his
Adversaries
,
the
Arians
and
Gentiles
accused
him
for
dealing
in
the
Magical
Art
.
Athanasius
being
thus
(
as
we
said
before
)
escaped
,
his
Clergy
and
people
enjoyed
the
liberty
of
his
Churches
,
for
a
short
time
,
The
cruelty
of
the
Arians
.
viz.
till
the
Governour
of
Egypt
and
the
Captain
of
the
Souldiers
cast
all
that
adhered
to
Athanasius
out
of
the
same
,
and
delivered
those
Churches
to
such
as
longed
for
the
return
of
Georgius
the
Arian
:
who
shortly
after
came
to
Alexandria
,
and
carryed
himself
very
sternly
towards
all
,
but
cruelly
towards
all
the
friends
of
Athanasius
,
casting
both
men
and
women
into
bonds
,
and
cruelly
scourging
them
,
so
that
every
one
looked
upon
him
as
a
Tyrant
:
Yea
he
grew
into
such
hatred
of
the
multitude
,
that
on
a
time
they
rose
up
against
him
whilst
he
was
in
the
Church
,
and
he
hardly
escaped
being
torn
in
peices
by
them
:
which
so
affrighted
him
,
that
he
immediately
fled
to
the
Emperour
:
Hereupon
the
friends
of
Athanasius
recovered
their
Churches
again
;
but
they
kept
them
but
a
while
;
for
the
Praefect
of
the
Egyptian
Souldiers
drave
them
out
,
and
restored
the
Churches
to
the
followers
of
Georgius
:
The
Emperour
also
sending
his
Secretary
to
Alexandria
,
he
grievously
punished
many
of
the
people
,
whipping
and
scourging
them
in
a
cruel
manner
:
and
shortly
after
him
came
Georgius
,
and
for
the
aforementioned
causes
was
far
more
terrible
to
them
then
formerly
he
had
been
:
which
procured
him
their
implacable
hatred
,
both
for
incensing
the
Emperour
against
them
,
and
for
his
Heretical
opinions
,
and
cruel
usage
of
them
.
But
not
long
after
in
a
tumult
raised
by
the
Gentiles
,
Georgius
slain
by
the
Gentiles
.
Georgius
was
pulled
out
of
the
Church
by
the
Ears
,
tyed
to
a
Camel
,
torn
in
peices
,
and
burned
to
ashes
together
with
the
Beast
:
Constantius
the
Emperour
also
dyed
,
and
Julian
the
Apostate
succeeded
him
:
about
which
time
Athanasius
returned
to
Alexandria
,
and
was
lovingly
and
chearfully
entertained
by
his
people
:
the
Arians
were
banished
,
and
the
Church
was
restored
to
the
Government
of
Athanasius
.
But
the
Arians
took
occasion
from
his
former
flight
exceedingly
to
reproach
,
and
traduce
him
,
whereupon
he
made
this
Apology
.
Behold
(
saith
Athanasius
)
the
lewd
practises
of
wicked
persons
:
Athanasius
〈…〉
although
they
are
privy
to
the
hainous
offences
committed
against
me
,
yet
are
they
nothing
ashamed
of
them
:
but
charge
me
with
a
foul
spot
(
in
their
opinion
)
and
blemish
of
infamy
for
escaping
the
hands
of
cut-throats
and
blood-suckers
;
yea
they
beshrew
themselves
that
they
dispatched
me
not
out
of
the
way
:
Moreover
,
that
they
may
stain
my
credit
and
estimation
,
they
fall
to
accuse
me
of
faint-heartedness
,
and
a
timorous
disposition
,
being
forgetful
,
that
whilest
they
blaze
these
things
to
my
dispraise
,
they
cause
the
shame
to
light
upon
their
own
pates
.
For
if
it
be
a
discredit
to
fly
the
hands
of
a
Tyrant
,
how
much
more
for
them
to
persecute
a
man
to
death
?
He
that
flyeth
,
seeks
means
to
save
his
life
:
But
he
that
persecuteth
,
goeth
about
to
procure
anothers
death
.
That
we
should
fly
in
such
cases
the
Scripture
doth
warrant
us
:
but
in
thirsting
after
the
blood
of
our
brother
,
the
command
is
broken
,
and
the
author
thereof
is
found
the
chief
cause
of
the
flight
.
If
they
blame
me
for
giving
them
the
slipt
,
they
are
worthy
of
far
greater
shame
,
and
reprehension
themselves
:
For
let
them
cease
from
persecuting
,
and
threatning
with
death
,
and
then
will
I
cease
from
running
away
.
But
their
spite
and
malice
hath
no
end
:
they
do
nought
else
but
devise
snares
to
bring
men
to
destruction
:
Yea
,
though
they
know
full
well
that
the
slight
of
the
persecuted
is
a
foul
shame
to
the
Persecutors
.
For
no
man
flieth
from
the
gentle
and
meek
:
but
from
the
cruel
and
wicked
man
.
They
that
were
far
indebted
to
others
gave
Saul
the
slip
,
and
fled
unto
David
.
Wherefore
these
men
go
about
to
dispatch
such
as
convey
themselves
out
of
their
way
,
least
the
lewdness
of
their
Bishops
should
be
manifestly
known
.
Herein
also
they
seem
to
be
stark
blinde
:
For
look
how
evident
the
slight
is
,
far
more
apparent
wil
their
slaughter
and
banishment
seem
unto
the
World
.
If
they
murther
men
,
death
no
doubt
lifteth
up
her
voice
,
and
soundeth
out
their
cruelty
.
If
they
banish
them
,
therein
they
set
up
monuments
for
the
remembrance
of
their
wicked
doings
.
Had
they
been
in
their
right
wits
,
they
might
have
perceived
their
own
folly
,
and
seen
themselves
overthrown
in
their
own
devices
.
If
they
reproachfully
charge
them
with
hiding
themselves
from
such
as
seek
their
lives
,
and
accuse
them
for
flying
from
the
hands
of
their
Persecutors
;
what
have
they
to
say
,
when
they
read
that
Jacob
fled
from
the
face
of
his
brother
Esau
?
and
that
Moses
for
fear
of
Pharaoh
conveyed
himself
to
Madian
?
what
have
these
contentious
quarrellers
to
say
unto
David
who
fled
from
Saul
,
which
sent
some
of
his
Guard
to
slay
him
,
who
hid
himself
in
a
Cave
,
counterfeited
his
person
untill
he
had
subtilly
past
Abimelech
the
Priest
,
and
avoided
their
laying
of
wait
for
him
?
what
answer
can
these
rash
bablers
give
,
when
they
see
that
the
great
Prophet
Elias
,
who
so
devoutly
called
upon
the
name
of
God
,
and
raised
the
dead
,
was
fain
to
flie
from
,
and
hide
himself
from
Ahab
,
and
run
away
because
of
the
threats
of
Jezebel
?
The
sons
of
the
Prophets
also
in
those
days
being
sought
for
,
hid
themselves
,
and
through
the
help
of
good
Obadiah
,
were
sustained
in
Caves
.
Have
they
not
read
these
ancient
stories
?
Are
they
ignorant
also
of
what
the
Evangelists
have
written
?
For
the
Disciples
fearing
the
Jews
fled
,
and
were
scattered
abroad
in
divers
Countries
.
Paul
also
being
at
Damascus
,
and
sought
for
by
the
Governor
of
that
country
,
was
let
down
over
the
wall
in
a
basket
,
and
so
escaped
the
danger
.
The
Scripture
therefore
having
shewed
us
these
things
,
what
colour
can
they
finde
to
cloak
their
impudent
cavils
?
If
they
charge
them
with
timerousness
and
fear
;
the
fault
recoils
,
and
lights
upon
their
own
distempered
brains
.
If
they
say
it
is
contrary
to
the
Will
of
God
,
then
are
they
found
altogether
ignorant
of
the
Word
of
God
:
For
it
s
commanded
in
the
Law
,
that
Sanctuaries
and
Cities
of
Refuge
should
be
appointed
for
such
as
were
pursued
to
death
where
they
might
live
in
safety
.
Yea
,
what
saith
Christ
,
When
they
shall
persecute
you
in
one
City
,
fly
into
another
;
And
again
,
(
saith
Christ
)
When
you
shall
see
the
abomination
of
desolation
,
mentioned
by
the
Prophet
Daniel
,
standing
in
the
Holy
place
,
then
let
them
that
be
in
Judaea
,
flie
into
the
Mountains
:
He
that
is
on
the
House
top
,
let
him
not
come
down
to
take
ought
out
of
the
House
:
and
let
not
him
that
is
in
the
Field
return
home
for
his
rayment
.
Holy
men
having
learned
these
things
,
framed
their
lives
thereafter
.
Yea
the
Word
of
God
being
made
man
,
sticked
not
to
hide
himself
,
as
we
commonly
do
,
when
he
was
sought
for
;
he
fled
to
avoid
the
conspiracies
of
Herod
,
and
afterwards
of
the
Pharisees
which
persecuted
him
.
For
as
by
his
patient
suffering
of
hunger
and
thirst
,
and
such
miseries
,
he
shewed
himself
to
be
true
man
,
so
also
by
flying
away
from
the
face
of
his
Adversaries
.
And
as
in
his
childhood
he
fled
into
Egypt
from
Herod
,
so
when
he
heard
that
Archelaus
reigned
in
his
Fathers
stead
,
it
pleased
him
to
go
aside
into
the
parts
of
Nazareth
.
Afterwards
when
he
manifested
himself
to
be
God
,
and
healed
the
withered
hand
,
the
Pharisees
went
out
,
and
took
counsel
how
they
might
dispatch
him
,
but
Jesus
perceiving
their
conspiracy
,
conveyed
himself
from
amongst
them
.
Again
,
when
he
restored
Lazarus
to
life
,
they
took
counsel
how
they
might
put
him
to
death
:
Jesus
therefore
after
that
time
shewed
himself
no
more
openly
amongst
the
Jews
,
but
departed
into
a
solitary
place
neer
to
the
Wilderness
.
Again
,
when
our
Saviour
avouched
,
Before
Abraham
was
,
I
am
,
the
Jews
took
up
stones
to
throw
at
him
:
but
our
Lord
hid
himself
,
and
went
out
of
the
Temple
,
and
passing
through
the
midst
of
the
throng
,
escaped
away
.
When
they
see
these
examples
,
and
bethink
themselves
of
these
presidents
,
are
they
not
inwardly
pricked
in
their
consciences
,
when
they
presume
thus
to
sit
in
judgement
upon
the
sayings
and
doings
of
our
Saviour
?
So
also
when
Jesus
heard
of
the
beheading
of
John
the
Baptist
,
the
Text
saith
,
that
he
took
Shipping
,
and
went
aside
into
a
Desert
place
.
I
would
to
God
that
these
men
would
now
at
length
be
ashamed
of
their
doings
,
and
presently
cease
from
slandering
true
Professors
,
and
proceed
no
further
in
their
furious
dealings
,
charging
even
our
Saviour
himself
with
timerousness
and
fear
thereby
blaspheming
the
Majesty
of
his
blessed
Name
.
But
no
man
can
away
with
such
persons
as
are
wholly
given
over
to
all
manner
of
ungracious
behaviour
.
It
may
easily
be
proved
,
that
they
are
altogether
ignorant
of
what
the
Evangelists
have
left
us
in
writing
:
The
cause
that
moved
our
Saviour
to
fly
and
go
aside
,
(
being
laid
down
in
the
Gospel
)
was
most
agreeable
unto
reason
:
and
was
therefore
an
example
for
all
his
Saints
:
For
whatsoever
things
are
written
to
have
happened
unto
him
after
the
manner
of
men
,
the
same
is
to
be
referred
unto
all
mankinde
,
insomuch
as
he
took
our
nature
upon
him
,
and
lively
expressed
in
himself
the
humane
affections
of
our
frail
constitutions
:
He
suffered
not
himself
to
be
taken
before
his
hour
came
,
neither
yet
hid
himself
when
his
hour
was
come
,
but
yielded
himself
to
the
Enemy
.
In
like
sort
the
blessed
Martyrs
in
the
great
heat
and
troublesome
storms
of
Persecution
,
which
often
fell
out
,
being
pursued
by
men
,
sted
away
,
and
hid
themselves
in
secret
and
solitary
places
:
but
being
taken
,
they
valiantly
encountred
with
their
Adversaries
,
and
ended
the
combat
with
Martyrdom
.
Though
this
violent
Champion
of
Christ
Athanasius
,
in
the
begining
of
Julians
Reign
returned
to
Alexandria
,
His
return
to
Alexandria
.
yet
long
could
he
not
rest
in
quiet
:
For
his
Adversaries
forged
salfe
accusations
against
him
,
complaining
unto
the
Emperour
that
he
had
subverted
Egypt
,
and
the
whole
City
of
Alexandria
,
so
that
it
stood
with
the
Emperours
interest
to
banish
him
the
City
:
Upon
these
suggestions
the
Emperour
wrote
to
the
Governor
of
Egypt
,
and
greatly
incensed
him
against
Athanasius
,
which
he
being
informed
of
,
He
is
banished
by
Julian
.
said
to
some
of
his
familiar
friends
;
My
friends
,
let
us
go
aside
for
a
season
,
Nubecula
est
,
&
cito
transibit
,
this
is
but
a
little
cloud
,
which
will
quickly
vanish
away
;
and
accordingly
taking
Ship
,
he
fled
away
into
other
parts
of
Egypt
:
The
Enemy
hearing
of
it
,
made
haste
to
overtake
him
:
Gods
providence
over
him
.
But
when
they
approached
(
God
revealing
the
danger
to
him
,
as
was
said
before
)
his
friends
in
the
Ship
gave
him
counsel
to
haste
to
the
shore
,
and
to
fly
into
the
Desart
;
but
he
on
the
contrary
required
the
Pilot
to
sail
back
to
Alexandria
,
and
when
they
met
the
Pursuers
,
they
enquired
of
them
if
they
had
not
seen
Athanasius
;
to
whom
the
other
answered
,
that
if
they
made
haste
they
might
overtake
him
,
and
so
let
them
go
:
But
Athanasius
returning
to
Alexandria
,
hid
himself
amongst
his
friends
till
the
storm
of
Persecution
was
blown
over
:
and
indeed
most
of
that
time
he
lay
hid
in
the
house
of
a
most
beautiful
,
chaste
,
and
godly
Virgin
,
who
was
very
careful
to
supply
him
with
all
necessaries
,
and
to
borrow
such
Books
for
him
as
he
stood
in
need
of
:
and
when
news
came
of
Julians
death
,
Athanasius
that
very
night
appeared
in
his
Church
,
Athanasius
in
Alexandria
.
to
the
great
rejoycing
of
his
Friends
,
and
the
astonishment
of
his
Adversaries
,
who
wondred
how
he
could
so
suddenly
be
there
,
when
he
had
been
so
diligently
sought
after
by
the
Magistrates
,
and
could
not
be
found
.
Not
long
after
,
hearing
that
Jovianus
the
Christian
Emperour
was
come
to
Antioch
,
Athanasius
consulting
with
his
friends
,
thought
good
to
visit
him
:
Some
say
that
this
good
Emperour
sent
for
him
,
craving
his
advice
for
the
establishing
of
the
true
Orthodox
Religion
,
which
when
he
had
done
,
he
was
to
return
to
Alexandria
:
But
Euzoius
the
Arian
Bishop
of
Antioch
,
joining
with
him
Probatius
an
Arian
Eunuch
,
He
is
again
complained
of
to
Jovianus
.
and
some
others
of
that
Faction
,
went
to
the
Emperour
,
and
made
grievous
complaints
against
Athanasius
,
as
that
all
the
time
since
he
was
made
a
Bishop
,
he
lay
under
great
scandals
,
for
which
by
the
former
Emperours
he
had
been
often
condemned
and
exiled
:
as
also
that
he
had
been
the
Author
of
much
discord
in
Religion
,
and
of
great
tumults
amongst
the
people
;
whereupon
they
prayed
that
another
Bishop
might
be
appointed
for
Alexandria
.
But
the
good
Emperour
knowing
that
these
were
malicious
forgeries
,
would
by
no
means
hearken
to
them
,
commanding
Probatius
and
the
rest
,
as
they
loved
their
own
ease
and
good
,
to
give
over
such
malicious
proceedings
,
adding
threatnings
in
case
they
obeyed
not
:
And
as
for
Athanasius
,
whom
he
highly
esteemed
for
that
worth
which
he
found
in
him
,
he
sent
him
back
into
Egypt
,
He
returns
to
Alexandria
.
bidding
him
Govern
his
Church
as
he
saw
best
.
Commending
him
highly
for
the
Vertue
,
Piety
,
and
Prudence
which
he
found
in
him
.
Not
long
after
it
pleased
God
to
take
away
this
good
Emperour
by
an
immature
death
in
Bythinia
,
See
the
Life
of
Jovian
in
my
second
Part.
as
he
was
going
to
Constantinople
,
having
reigned
only
eight
moneths
:
and
the
Army
coming
to
Nice
in
Bithynia
,
chose
Valentinian
a
good
and
worthy
man
for
their
Emperour
,
who
when
he
came
to
Constantinople
,
chose
his
Brother
Valence
for
his
Companion
in
the
Empire
.
These
,
though
they
were
Brethren
,
yet
did
they
differ
in
their
Religion
:
For
Valentinian
was
Orthodox
,
and
Valence
an
Arian
.
Valence
Raigning
in
the
East
,
sent
his
Mandate
to
the
Magistrates
,
that
such
Bishops
as
had
been
deposed
in
the
time
of
Constantius
,
and
returned
to
their
Seats
under
Julian
,
should
be
again
banished
and
expelled
from
their
Churches
.
Hereupon
the
Magistrates
of
Egypt
took
occasion
to
endeavour
the
expulsion
of
Athanasius
out
of
Alexandria
.
For
the
Emperours
Letters
grievously
threatned
such
Magistrates
with
great
mulcts
and
corporal
punishments
,
that
should
neglect
to
observe
them
.
But
the
multitude
of
Christians
meeting
together
in
Alexandria
,
desired
the
President
that
he
should
not
rashly
nor
inconsiderately
go
about
to
drive
away
their
Bishop
Athanasius
from
them
;
but
rather
seriously
to
consider
what
the
scope
of
the
Emperours
Letter
was
:
For
(
say
they
)
they
extend
only
to
such
as
were
banished
by
Constantius
,
and
returned
under
Julian
:
But
Athanasius
though
he
was
banished
by
Constantius
;
yet
was
he
by
him
called
back
again
,
and
restored
to
his
place
:
and
Julian
whereas
he
called
from
Exile
all
the
other
Bishops
,
yet
Athanasius
alone
was
by
him
driven
into
Exile
,
whom
Jovian
again
restored
to
his
Seat
.
When
the
President
would
not
be
perswaded
by
these
arguments
,
the
people
resisted
him
,
and
would
not
suffer
their
Bishop
to
have
any
violence
done
to
him
:
Hereupon
the
people
being
assembled
from
all
parts
,
a
great
tumult
was
raised
,
so
that
every
one
expected
a
Sedition
to
ensue
:
the
President
sent
presently
to
the
Emperour
to
acquaint
him
with
these
proceedings
,
and
in
the
mean
time
suffered
Athanasius
to
remain
in
the
City
.
Many
days
after
,
when
the
Sedition
was
well
appeased
,
Athanasius
privily
stole
out
of
the
City
,
Athanasius
flyeth
again
.
and
went
and
hid
himself
in
a
certain
secret
place
.
The
night
after
the
President
and
Colonel
of
the
Souldiers
went
to
his
house
which
joined
to
the
Church
,
and
there
sought
every
corner
for
him
,
but
not
finding
him
,
they
lost
their
labours
:
For
they
thought
that
now
the
people
were
quieted
,
and
feared
no
such
matter
,
they
might
easily
apprehend
him
,
and
so
execute
the
Emperours
command
:
But
when
Athanasius
could
not
be
found
,
every
one
much
wondered
at
it
,
believing
that
God
had
discovered
the
danger
to
him
,
and
thereby
preserved
him
from
it
.
Others
say
,
that
Athanasius
mistrusting
the
heady
and
rash
motion
of
the
common
people
,
fearing
that
if
any
mischief
were
wrought
by
them
,
it
would
be
laid
to
his
charge
,
retired
privily
and
hid
himself
for
the
space
of
four
months
in
his
Fathers
Monument
.
But
in
the
mean
time
the
Emperour
Valence
considering
how
many
friends
Athanasius
had
:
which
by
reason
of
his
absence
might
happily
raise
commotions
,
to
the
great
prejudice
of
the
Empire
:
and
withall
considering
that
Valentinian
,
who
was
an
earnest
Defender
of
the
Nicene
Faith
might
take
the
banishment
of
Athanasius
very
hainously
;
hereupon
he
wrote
very
loving
Letters
to
the
people
of
Alexandria
,
He
is
again
restored
.
signifying
that
his
pleasure
was
,
that
Athanasius
should
quietly
,
according
to
their
hearts
desire
enjoy
his
Bishoprick
.
The
cruelty
of
the
Arian
Hereticks
.
Yet
in
other
places
a
great
Persecution
was
raised
against
the
Orthodox
,
who
were
driven
out
of
their
Churches
,
and
Arians
placed
in
their
rooms
,
only
the
Churches
of
Egypt
enjoyed
Peace
all
the
life
time
of
Athanasius
,
whose
death
fell
out
not
long
after
,
when
having
endured
many
skirmishes
in
the
quarrel
of
the
Church
,
and
having
been
Bishop
46
years
,
in
which
time
he
had
often
been
in
great
hazard
of
his
life
,
yet
at
the
length
through
the
goodness
and
mercy
of
God
,
His
death
.
he
dyed
in
peace
in
his
own
City
of
Alexandria
,
leaving
behinde
him
Peter
,
a
godly
and
zealous
man
to
succeed
him
Anno
Christi
375.
It
was
said
of
him
,
Non
solùm
Episcopi
,
&c.
Not
only
Bishops
,
but
Emperours
,
Kingdoms
,
Nations
and
Armies
opposed
him
:
whereupon
he
used
to
say
:
Though
an
Army
should
encamp
about
me
,
yet
would
I
not
fear
.
In
the
time
of
Julian
the
Apostate
,
(
who
made
much
use
of
Conjurers
)
the
Magicians
and
Southsayers
in
Alexandria
cryed
out
,
that
they
could
do
nothing
in
their
Art
,
except
Athanasius
were
removed
out
of
the
City
.
It
was
said
of
him
,
Vnus
Athanasius
contra
totum
mundum
:
One
Athanasius
stood
firm
against
all
the
world
.
Gregory
Nazianzen
stiles
him
Tubam
ingentem
,
&
Columnam
Ecclesiae
:
The
great
Trumpet
and
Pillar
of
the
Church
.
Theodoret
stiles
him
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
The
Bulwark
of
Truth
.
His
Works
are
commonly
printed
in
two
Tomes
,
His
works
.
which
Scultetus
distinguisheth
into
Germana
,
Dubia
,
&
Supposita
.
Germana
sunt
Oratio
adversus
Gentes
.
Oratio
de
incarnatione
verbi
,
Expositio
Fides
.
Respons.
ad
Liberium
.
Epistola
de
fide
ad
Jovinianum
.
Sermo
de
incarnatione
,
Orationes
quinque
contra
Arianos
:
Tractat
,
in
illud
dictum
,
Omnia
mihi
sunt
tradita
à
Patre
.
Epistolae
,
and
Adelphinum
fratrem
:
and
Maximum
Philosophum
:
de
sententia
Dionysii
.
Refutatio
hypocriseos
Miletii
,
Eusebii
,
&
Pauli
Samosetani
.
Sermo
de
humana
natura
suscepta
.
Epistolae
ad
Epictetum
;
de
Incarnatione
Christi
contra
Apolinarium
.
Oratio
contra
Apolinarium
.
Oratio
contra
gregales
Sabellii
.
Epistolae
duae
ad
Scrapionem
de
spiritu
sancto
,
Epistola
de
Incarnatione
Verbi
Dei.
Apologiae
ad
Imperatorem
Constantinum
.
De
fuga
sua
prima
,
&
secunda
.
Ad
Africànos
.
Narratio
de
Concilio
Nicaeno
:
Epistola
Catholica
.
Epistolae
ad
Antiochenses
:
ad
Serapionem
de
morte
Arii
:
ad
omnes
solitariam
vitam
agentes
.
De
Synodis
Arimini
,
&
Seleuciae
:
ad
omnes
ubique
Orthodoxos
:
Ad
Joan.
&
Antiochum
.
Ad
Palladium
:
Ad
Dracontium
:
Ad
Ruffianum
.
De
Sabbato
,
&
Circumcisione
.
De
peccato
in
S.
Sanctum
.
Synopsis
Scripturae
sanctae
:
Dubia
sunt
,
Orationes
de
Semente
:
De
Ascensione
Christi
:
Symbolum
Athanasii
.
Epistola
ad
Aremùn
,
Fragmentum
Epistolae
festalis
.
Vita
S.
Antonii
.
De
Virginitate
,
sive
de
meditatione
.
Omnia
reliqua
sunt
supposititia
.
The
Life
of
Hilarie
,
who
flourished
An.
Chri.
355.
HIlarie
Bishop
of
Poictiers
,
was
nobly
descended
,
and
of
excellent
gifts
:
He
was
frequent
in
Preaching
,
exemplary
in
Life
:
a
great
opposer
of
the
Arian
Heresie
:
whereupon
the
Bishops
,
Valence
and
Vrsacius
procured
the
Emperour
to
banish
him
into
Ph●ygia
:
Afterwards
the
Emperour
commanding
many
Bishops
to
assemble
at
Seleucia
to
give
their
opinions
about
the
Arian
Heresie
,
Hilarie
carried
himself
so
well
there
,
that
he
was
restored
to
Poictiers
.
After
which
he
travelled
over
Italy
and
France
,
diligently
instructing
the
Bishops
of
both
those
countries
in
the
Canons
of
the
Catholick
Faith
:
He
was
a
very
Eloquent
man
,
and
wrote
many
things
in
the
Latine
tongue
,
amongst
which
he
wrote
12
Books
of
the
Trinity
,
expounded
the
Canon
containing
the
clause
Of
One
Substance
,
His
works
.
proved
it
sufficiently
,
and
confuted
the
arguments
of
the
Arians
.
He
was
a
very
Heavenly
man
both
in
his
Life
and
Doctrine
,
and
by
his
means
especially
,
the
Faith
confirmed
in
the
Nicene
Council
,
was
propagated
and
defended
in
these
Western
parts
of
the
World
all
his
life
time
.
He
wrote
also
against
the
Emperour
Constantius
one
Book
▪
Two
Books
to
the
Emperour
against
Auxentius
the
Arian
.
Commentaries
on
Matthew
:
Epistles
to
S.
Augustine
,
&c.
He
dyed
in
peace
under
Valentinian
and
Valence
.
CYRIL
The
Life
of
Cyril
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
365.
Cyrillus
,
Bishop
of
Jerusalem
,
was
at
the
first
an
Arian
,
and
therefore
by
that
faction
was
made
Bishop
of
Hierusalem
:
but
shortly
after
he
was
accused
in
a
Council
for
certain
hainous
crimes
,
He
is
deposed
.
by
whom
he
was
deposed
from
his
Bishoprick
,
and
being
often
called
by
them
to
purge
himself
from
those
crimes
,
he
still
absented
himself
for
the
space
of
2
years
,
thinking
thereby
to
escape
,
and
the
crime
to
be
forgotten
;
as
soon
as
he
was
deposed
he
sent
an
appellation
in
writing
to
his
Deposers
,
appealing
from
them
to
the
Judges
of
the
Higher
Court.
Constantius
the
Emperour
admitted
his
appellation
,
His
appeal
.
so
that
Cyril
was
the
first
and
the
only
man
that
brought
in
this
president
,
so
prejudicial
to
the
Ecclesiastical
constitutions
.
At
length
he
came
to
Seleucia
to
have
his
cause
heard
,
where
his
Deposition
was
confirmed
for
his
communicating
with
certain
heretical
Bishops
:
and
Herennius
was
substituted
in
his
room
Bishop
of
Hierusalem
,
and
after
him
Heraclius
,
and
after
him
Hilarius
;
These
continued
the
Government
of
that
Church
,
till
the
reign
of
Theodosius
senior
:
At
which
time
Cyril
having
reformed
his
former
miscarriages
,
His
reformation
.
was
again
placed
in
the
Bishoprick
of
Hierusalem
by
that
good
Emperour
,
and
he
proved
an
eminent
instrument
of
Gods
glory
and
his
Churches
good
:
Insomuch
as
one
saith
of
him
,
that
he
was
Magnae
sanctimoniae
vir
,
a
man
of
great
Sanctity
,
Learning
and
Wisdom
;
he
endured
many
heavy
things
for
the
testimony
of
Faith
and
a
good
Conscience
,
His
patience
.
being
often
forced
to
forsake
his
place
by
the
rage
of
the
Arians
:
His
charity
.
He
was
very
charitable
,
insomuch
that
in
a
great
Famine
many
poor
people
resorting
to
him
for
relief
,
he
gave
them
all
he
had
,
and
that
not
sufficing
,
he
took
the
Vessels
,
and
Church
Ornaments
,
and
sold
them
to
relieve
their
wants
:
When
Julian
the
Emperour
had
given
command
to
re-edifie
the
Temple
at
Jerusalem
in
his
time
one
night
there
was
such
a
terrible
Earthquake
,
Gods
judgement
on
the
Jews
.
that
it
parted
the
very
stones
of
the
foundation
,
and
so
all
the
upper
buildings
fell
down
;
and
when
many
Jews
came
together
to
behold
what
was
done
,
suddenly
there
came
fire
from
Heaven
that
consumed
all
the
tools
and
instruments
of
the
workmen
.
Epiphanius
gives
him
this
testimony
:
He
not
only
not
feared
to
encounter
Acrcius
the
Arian
,
but
did
Christianly
and
faithfully
oppose
divers
other
Heretical
Bishops
.
Testimonies
of
him
.
Hierom
also
saith
thus
of
him
;
Cyril
that
valiant
Souldier
and
Combatant
for
Jesus
Christ
,
that
most
constant
maintainer
of
the
Orthodox
Faith
,
for
many
years
together
strove
for
the
propagation
of
Divine
Truth
,
suffered
various
and
heavy
Persecutions
:
being
exercised
in
such
dangers
from
almost
the
beginning
of
Constantius
his
reign
,
to
the
reign
of
Theodosius
;
yet
all
this
while
in
the
midst
of
these
manifold
afflictions
he
kept
his
first
resolution
,
and
dyed
in
the
Faith
at
last
,
His
death
.
Anno
Christi
365.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
The
benefit
of
hearing
.
Some
come
to
the
Church
to
see
fashions
,
others
to
meet
their
friends
;
yet
it
s
better
to
come
so
then
not
at
all
:
in
the
mean
time
the
Net
is
cast
out
,
and
they
which
intended
nothing
less
,
are
drawn
in
to
Christ
,
who
catches
them
,
not
to
destroy
them
,
but
that
being
dead
,
he
may
bring
them
to
life
eternal
.
He
wrote
divers
Treatises
,
His
works
.
which
are
called
his
Catechisms
upon
the
principal
Heads
of
Divinity
.
The
Life
of
Ephrem
Syrus
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
404.
EPhrem
Syrus
was
born
in
Nisiba
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
by
the
care
of
his
Parents
was
educated
in
Learning
,
in
the
study
whereof
he
was
exceeding
industrious
,
insomuch
that
without
the
help
of
an
instructer
he
attained
to
excellent
skill
in
the
Syriack
tongue
:
He
was
also
a
great
Philosopher
,
and
a
very
good
Orator
,
so
that
he
far
excelled
most
of
the
Greek
writers
.
Basil
Bishop
of
Caesarea
in
Cappadocia
did
wonderfully
admire
and
commend
him
for
his
Learning
.
His
excellent
learning
.
He
is
said
to
have
written
three
hundred
thousand
verses
,
which
were
much
esteemed
in
those
times
,
many
endeavouring
to
imitate
his
Learing
therein
;
amongst
whom
were
Abbas
,
Zenobias
,
Abraham
Meras
,
and
Symeon
,
all
of
them
famous
amongst
the
Syrians
,
and
amongst
all
such
as
diligently
study
that
language
.
But
besides
his
exquisite
Learning
,
he
also
gat
great
honour
and
commendations
for
his
many
good
works
,
and
exact
course
of
life
.
He
was
very
grave
and
severe
in
his
carriage
,
His
Chastity
.
and
living
a
single
life
,
that
he
might
prevent
all
calumnies
and
scandals
,
he
shunned
the
sight
of
a
woman
:
For
the
report
goes
,
that
a
certain
woman
dissolute
in
life
and
manners
,
and
of
an
impudent
face
,
either
on
purpose
to
tempt
the
man
,
or
else
being
hired
thereto
by
some
others
,
on
purpose
met
him
in
the
City
gate
,
and
earnestly
stared
in
his
face
:
Ephrem
taking
notice
of
it
,
sharply
rebuked
her
,
and
bade
her
look
down
upon
the
ground
:
But
the
woman
answered
,
How
can
I
do
that
,
who
am
not
made
out
of
the
Earth
,
but
of
thee
?
It
s
more
meet
that
thou
shouldst
look
upon
the
ground
from
whence
thou
hadst
thy
original
,
but
that
I
should
look
upon
thee
,
from
whom
I
was
procreated
,
Ephrem
wondering
at
the
woman
,
went
his
ways
,
and
wrote
a
Book
of
these
passages
betwixt
them
,
which
the
learned
in
the
Syrian
tongue
do
much
esteem
,
It
s
also
recorded
of
him
,
that
though
by
nature
he
was
very
cholerick
,
and
all
his
Youth
,
could
not
bridle
his
anger
;
His
patience
.
yet
after
he
entred
into
this
strict
course
of
life
,
he
was
never
seen
to
be
angry
with
any
man
.
Having
fasted
divers
days
,
one
of
his
Servants
that
was
bringing
him
his
supper
,
let
the
Earthen
Pitcher
fall
wherein
it
was
,
and
brake
it
,
and
Ephrem
seeing
him
overwhelmed
with
fear
and
shame
,
said
to
him
:
Be
of
good
cheer
,
let
us
go
to
our
supper
,
since
it
will
not
come
to
us
,
and
so
sitting
down
by
the
fragments
of
the
pot
,
His
humility
.
did
eat
his
supper
.
He
was
very
humble
,
full
of
self-denyal
,
and
a
great
enemy
to
vain-glory
,
as
will
notably
appear
by
this
example
.
Upon
a
time
he
was
voted
to
an
Episcopacy
,
and
they
that
had
chosen
and
designed
him
thereto
,
sought
him
out
to
bring
him
to
the
place
where
he
was
to
be
created
Bishop
,
which
as
soon
as
he
understood
,
he
ran
into
the
Market
place
,
and
there
by
sundry
signs
made
shew
as
if
he
was
crack-brained
;
so
that
they
that
came
for
him
,
thinking
him
to
be
besides
himself
,
took
further
counsel
what
to
do
:
by
which
means
he
having
gained
time
,
fled
privily
away
,
and
concealed
himself
,
till
he
had
heard
that
they
had
chosen
another
Bishop
to
that
place
.
Another
notable
example
of
his
charitable
disposition
will
appear
by
this
instance
:
His
charity
.
Upon
a
time
there
was
a
very
great
Famine
in
Edessa
,
whereupon
Ephrem
coming
out
of
his
house
,
and
calling
many
rich
men
together
,
he
grievously
accused
,
and
complained
of
them
,
that
the
poor
were
almost
starved
,
whilest
they
in
a
covetous
manner
kept
their
riches
by
them
,
which
(
saith
he
)
will
in
the
end
turn
to
your
own
great
loss
,
and
to
the
torment
of
your
souls
,
whereas
you
ought
to
prefer
the
wealth
of
your
souls
not
only
before
all
your
riches
,
but
before
your
very
bodies
themselves
:
They
hearing
this
,
were
much
affected
with
his
words
,
and
said
thus
unto
him
:
Truly
we
care
not
much
for
our
riches
,
but
we
know
not
whom
to
commit
them
to
,
to
be
faithfully
distributed
amongst
the
Poor
,
seeing
that
almost
every
man
is
infected
with
the
desire
of
lucre
and
gain
,
and
they
use
to
make
merchandise
and
advantage
to
themselves
upon
such
occasions
:
Then
said
Ephrem
to
them
,
What
do
you
judge
of
me
?
To
whom
they
answered
,
We
judge
you
to
be
a
very
faithful
,
good
,
and
upright
dealing
man
,
as
every
man
esteems
you
to
be
.
Well
(
said
he
)
and
for
your
sakes
I
will
undertake
this
great
and
trouble
some
work
;
and
so
receiving
their
money
,
he
caused
three
hundred
beds
to
be
provided
,
His
care
for
the
poor
in
a
Famine
.
and
laid
in
the
cloisters
,
placing
in
them
such
as
were
sick
by
reason
of
the
terrible
Famine
,
for
whom
he
made
convenient
Provision
,
and
not
only
for
them
,
but
also
for
strangers
,
and
for
all
such
as
were
driven
by
the
Famine
out
of
the
Villages
to
seek
relief
in
the
City
.
And
thus
he
continued
till
the
Famine
being
ceased
,
he
returned
into
his
retired
house
again
,
and
not
long
after
he
quietly
slept
in
the
Lord
,
His
death
.
Anno
Christi
404.
He
was
a
great
opposer
of
Sabellius
,
Arius
,
Apollinarius
,
and
other
Hereticks
:
An
enemy
to
Hereticks
.
so
chaste
,
that
he
repelled
the
shameless
behaviour
of
a
lewd
woman
,
His
chastity
.
which
being
instigated
by
the
Devil
,
thought
to
have
enticed
him
to
lust
;
but
with
his
grave
Exhortations
,
Admonitions
,
and
Divine
speeches
he
caught
and
overcame
the
tempter
:
so
that
by
his
Fatherly
advice
she
proved
a
grave
,
His
humility
.
modest
,
and
religious
Matron
:
In
his
Will
he
commanded
that
they
should
sing
no
verses
in
his
commendation
,
bury
him
in
no
fine
linnens
,
nor
with
ointments
,
raise
no
monuments
for
him
:
for
(
saich
he
)
I
am
a
stranger
and
so
journey
,
&c.
He
was
very
merciful
to
the
poor
,
His
charity
.
as
in
part
we
have
heard
before
,
and
having
not
of
his
own
to
give
,
by
his
sweet
and
attractive
Sermons
,
he
stirred
up
the
hearts
of
others
to
relieve
them
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
savings
.
That
the
resolute
Traveller
knows
that
his
journey
is
long
,
The
bought
of
perseverance
.
and
the
may
dirty
,
yet
goes
on
in
hope
to
come
to
his
house
:
so
let
a
Christian
,
(
though
the
way
to
Heaven
be
narrow
,
though
it
be
set
With
troubles
and
persecutions
)
yet
let
him
go
on
till
be
bath
finished
his
course
With
Joy
,
for
Heaven
is
his
home
.
And
again
,
He
that
feasts
his
body
and
starves
his
soul
,
is
like
him
that
feasts
his
slave
and
starves
his
wife
,
He
dyed
under
Valence
.
His
Works
are
contained
in
three
Tomes
upon
several
Subjects
.
His
works
.
BASIL
The
Life
of
Basil
,
who
flourished
An.
Chr.
370.
BAsil
was
born
in
Pontus
,
His
birth
.
of
noble
and
religious
Parents
:
his
Grand-Father
,
and
great
Grand-Father
suffered
Martyrdom
under
Galerius
Maximus
.
He
was
called
Basilius
Magnus
,
for
as
one
saith
of
him
,
he
was
great
in
wit
,
great
in
eloquence
,
great
in
wisdom
,
great
in
defending
,
great
in
propagating
Gods
glory
,
great
in
convincing
Hereticks
,
&c.
When
he
was
grown
up
to
years
of
discretion
,
His
education
.
he
went
to
Caesarea
of
Cappadocia
,
which
was
then
the
most
famous
City
of
Asia
for
learning
:
In
which
place
in
a
short
time
he
made
such
a
proficiency
in
his
studies
,
that
he
excelled
all
his
equals
in
all
sorts
of
Learning
:
From
thence
he
went
to
Constantinople
,
where
having
studyed
a
while
,
he
went
to
Athens
,
where
he
heard
those
famous
Rhetoricians
Hymerius
and
Proaeresius
:
at
which
place
also
he
fell
into
acquaintance
with
Gregory
Nazianzen
,
and
joining
studies
together
,
they
continued
in
firm
amity
all
their
life
after
:
He
was
of
an
excellent
constitution
,
but
by
much
watching
,
praying
,
fasting
,
reading
,
and
spare
dyet
,
he
much
weakned
his
body
.
Afterwards
he
went
to
Antioch
in
Syria
,
where
he
frequented
the
School
of
Libanius
,
and
became
an
excellent
Orator
.
So
that
he
was
thought
worthy
to
deliver
to
the
World
the
Precepts
of
Philosophy
,
and
was
much
solicited
thereunto
by
many
excellent
men
:
Others
perswaded
him
to
become
an
Orator
:
but
neither
of
these
imployments
suted
with
his
purpose
:
wherefore
having
sufficiently
profited
in
Philosophy
under
Libanius
,
he
provided
for
himself
the
Commentaries
of
Origen
(
who
then
was
famous
throughout
the
World
)
and
learned
out
of
them
to
interpret
and
expound
the
Sacred
Scriptures
:
Then
did
he
valiantly
encounter
with
the
Arians
,
and
when
as
they
alleadged
Origens
Books
for
the
confirmation
of
their
Heretical
opinions
,
His
zeal
against
Heresie
.
he
refuted
their
ignorance
,
and
shewed
by
plain
demonstrations
,
that
they
understood
not
the
minde
and
meaning
of
Origen
.
Yea
Eunomius
a
favourer
of
that
Sect
,
and
as
many
Arians
as
were
of
greatest
reputation
,
and
accounted
the
profoundest
Scholars
,
when
they
disputed
with
him
and
Gregory
Nazianzen
,
proved
themselves
fools
and
unlearned
persons
.
He
was
at
first
Ordained
Deacon
by
Aliletius
Bishop
of
Antioch
,
afterwards
Bishop
of
Caesarea
in
Cappadocia
▪
where
he
was
born
:
after
which
he
gave
himself
wholly
to
benefit
and
profit
the
Church
:
And
when
he
greatly
feared
that
the
new
device
of
Arius
his
brain
would
creep
throughout
the
Province
of
Pontus
,
in
all
haste
he
gat
him
into
those
parts
,
instructing
the
ignorant
,
and
confirming
the
wavering
minds
of
weaklings
in
the
Faith
.
A
little
before
,
some
difference
arose
betwixt
Eusebius
Bishop
of
Caesarea
,
and
Basil
,
about
their
different
opinions
,
which
Valence
the
Arian
Emperour
hearing
of
,
hasted
thitherward
,
and
when
he
came
into
Cappadocia
,
according
to
his
usual
manner
,
he
grievously
afflicted
the
Orthodox
,
thrusting
them
out
of
their
Churches
,
and
placing
Arians
in
their
rooms
:
and
he
hoped
easily
to
do
the
like
when
he
came
to
Caesarea
,
because
of
the
enmity
that
was
betwixt
Eusebius
and
Basil
,
But
it
fell
out
far
otherwaies
;
for
Basil
in
Pontus
hearing
of
the
Emperours
proceedings
in
Cappadocia
,
hasted
to
Caesarea
,
and
presently
was
reconciled
to
Eusebius
,
and
by
his
Ministry
seasonably
strengthen
the
Church
:
So
that
when
Valence
came
thither
,
finding
his
hopes
frustrated
,
he
returned
without
effecting
what
he
came
about
.
Not
long
after
Eusebius
dyed
,
and
Basil
was
chosen
and
ordained
Bishop
in
his
room
;
A
good
Pastor
.
where
he
performed
the
Office
of
a
worthy
Shepheard
to
his
flock
,
as
well
by
duly
and
truly
feeding
them
with
the
sincere
milk
of
Gods
Word
,
as
by
driving
away
all
Hereticks
,
that
like
Wolves
sought
to
devour
his
Sheep
.
At
last
came
back
the
Emperour
Valence
into
Cappadocia
,
A
special
providence
.
fully
purposing
to
drive
Basil
out
of
Caesarea
:
but
the
Lord
prevented
him
by
this
means
.
The
very
night
after
he
attempted
this
wickedness
,
his
Wife
was
grievously
troubled
with
dreadful
dreams
about
him
,
and
his
only
Son
Gallates
fell
sick
of
a
sharp
and
violent
Feaver
,
so
that
the
physitians
despairing
of
his
recovery
,
gave
him
up
for
dead
:
His
Wife
also
told
him
of
those
ugly
shapes
,
and
fearful
visions
of
Devils
and
wicked
Spirits
which
she
had
seen
in
her
sleep
:
adding
,
that
their
childe
also
was
visited
with
that
sickness
,
because
of
the
evil
and
mischief
which
he
had
purposed
against
Basil.
The
Emperour
marking
diligently
the
words
of
his
Wife
,
and
musing
with
himself
,
cast
in
his
minde
what
to
do
,
and
at
length
resolved
to
send
for
Basil
,
and
when
he
came
,
spake
thus
unto
him
;
If
thy
Faith
and
Opinion
be
true
,
pray
that
my
Son
dye
not
of
this
disease
.
To
whom
Basil
answered
;
If
thou
wilt
promise
me
to
believe
as
I
do
,
and
if
thou
wilt
bring
the
Church
into
unity
and
concord
,
thy
childe
no
doubt
shall
live
:
But
the
Emperour
would
by
no
means
agree
unto
this
:
Then
said
Basil
,
Let
the
Lord
deal
with
the
childe
as
pleaseth
him
,
and
so
departed
,
and
immediately
after
the
childe
dyed
.
He
was
very
charitable
,
insomuch
as
in
a
great
Famine
,
he
sold
his
lands
and
all
his
other
goods
to
relieve
the
Poor
,
and
stirred
up
other
rich
Merchants
by
Scripture
,
and
sweet
speeches
,
to
contribute
to
their
necessities
:
He
was
also
careful
to
see
the
sick
provided
for
:
and
caused
publick
places
to
be
erected
for
their
maintenance
,
and
would
often
not
only
visit
them
,
but
also
administer
to
them
.
Julian
the
Emperour
having
formerly
known
him
at
Athens
,
sent
,
and
desired
him
to
write
to
him
,
His
zeal
.
which
he
refused
to
do
,
because
of
his
Apostasie
:
Nay
Valence
the
Emperour
,
when
he
persecuted
the
Orthodox
,
and
had
put
eighty
Presbyters
into
a
Vessel
,
thinking
to
have
burnt
them
at
Sea
,
yet
meeting
Basil
,
he
spake
him
fair
,
and
sent
also
to
him
by
many
messengers
to
win
him
to
that
Heresie
;
yet
neither
threats
,
nor
promises
could
once
move
him
;
for
when
the
messenger
gave
him
good
language
,
His
courage
and
constancy
.
and
promised
him
great
preferment
,
he
answered
,
Alas
Sir
,
these
speeches
are
fit
to
catch
little
children
that
look
after
such
things
:
but
we
that
are
taught
,
and
nourished
by
the
Holy
Scriptures
,
are
readier
to
suffer
a
thousand
deaths
,
then
to
suffer
one
syllable
,
or
tittle
of
the
Scriptures
to
be
altered
:
His
zeal
.
And
when
Modestus
the
Praefect
asked
him
,
Know
ye
not
who
we
are
that
command
it
?
His
courage
.
No
body
(
said
Basil
)
whilst
you
command
such
things
:
Know
ye
not
(
said
the
Praefect
)
that
we
have
honours
to
bestow
upon
you
?
to
which
he
answered
,
They
are
but
changeable
,
like
your selves
:
Hereupon
in
a
rage
he
threatned
to
confiscate
his
goods
,
to
torment
him
,
to
banish
or
kill
him
:
to
which
he
answered
,
He
need
not
fear
confiscation
that
hath
nothing
to
lose
;
nor
banishment
,
to
whom
Heaven
only
is
a
Country
:
nor
torments
,
when
his
body
would
be
dasht
with
own
blow
:
nor
death
,
which
is
the
only
way
to
set
him
at
liberty
:
the
Praefect
told
him
that
he
was
mad
;
An
excellent
speech
.
to
whom
he
replyed
,
Opto
me
in
aeternum
sic
deliràre
,
I
wish
that
I
may
for
ever
be
thus
mad
:
yet
the
Praefect
gave
him
that
night
to
resolve
what
to
do
;
but
he
was
the
same
next
morning
:
whereupon
the
Praefect
related
all
to
the
Emperour
,
who
went
to
Church
with
intentions
to
have
disturbed
him
in
his
holy
duties
;
but
seeing
his
reverend
carriage
,
he
was
so
convinced
that
he
made
a
large
offering
,
His
zeal
.
which
Basil
refused
,
as
coming
from
an
Heretick
.
At
another
time
the
Praefect
sending
for
him
,
commanded
him
to
comply
with
the
Emperour
in
his
opinion
,
or
else
threatned
him
with
death
:
whereupon
Basil
unfeignedly
and
freely
spake
his
minde
about
the
Emperours
opinion
,
withall
highly
commending
the
Faith
Of
One
Substance
:
and
whereas
(
saith
he
)
you
threaten
me
with
death
,
would
it
would
fall
out
so
well
on
my
side
,
Death
desired
for
Christs
cause
.
that
I
might
lay
down
this
carkase
of
mine
in
the
quarrel
of
Christ
,
and
in
the
defence
of
his
Truth
,
who
is
my
Head
,
and
Captain
.
Then
said
the
Praefect
:
Be
not
so
rash
in
thy
answer
:
second
thoughts
may
prove
better
,
and
therefore
I
give
thee
this
day
and
night
to
consider
further
of
it
,
and
to
morrow
I
will
expect
thy
answer
,
desiring
that
thou
mayst
not
wilfully
cast
away
thy self
:
Whereupon
Basil
replyed
;
I
have
no
need
to
take
further
Counsel
about
this
matter
:
His
courage
and
constancy
.
Look
what
I
am
to
day
,
the
same
thou
shalt
finde
me
to
morrow
;
but
I
pray
God
that
thou
change
not
thy
minde
:
For
since
I
am
a
creature
my self
,
I
can
never
be
perswaded
to
Worship
one
that
is
like
me
,
and
to
acknowledge
him
for
God
;
or
to
conform
my self
to
thine
,
and
the
Emperours
Religion
.
For
though
you
be
Illustrious
Persons
,
and
command
a
great
part
of
the
World
,
yet
must
not
I
submit
to
your
wils
,
being
but
men
,
nor
obey
you
,
with
the
neglect
of
my
Faith
in
God
,
which
God
assisting
,
I
will
never
betray
,
though
you
confiscate
my
goods
,
though
you
banish
me
,
or
torment
me
to
death
:
Seeing
none
of
these
things
will
trouble
me
at
all
.
As
for
riches
,
truly
I
have
none
besides
my
torn
garments
,
and
a
few
Books
,
and
I
so
dwell
here
in
this
World
,
as
one
that
is
always
ready
to
leave
it
:
and
as
for
my
body
,
it
is
so
weak
,
that
one
only
blow
will
make
it
insensible
both
of
grief
and
torments
.
This
resolute
answer
caused
the
Praefect
to
dismiss
him
.
Yet
after
this
the
Arians
prevailed
again
for
his
banishment
;
but
when
the
writing
was
brought
to
Valence
to
be
confirmed
,
the
pens
would
not
write
the
least
title
,
A
Miracle
.
being
often
tried
;
and
when
the
Emperour
being
mad
with
rage
,
still
endeavoured
to
confirm
the
Edict
for
his
banishment
,
he
was
struck
in
his
right
hand
with
a
great
trembling
:
So
that
at
last
being
terrisied
with
these
judgements
of
God
he
tore
the
paper
in
pieces
.
So
having
been
Bishop
at
Caesarea
and
Cappadocia
eight
years
and
an
half
,
His
death
.
he
departed
this
life
with
these
words
,
Into
thine
hands
,
O
Lord
,
I
commend
my
spirit
.
He
used
to
say
,
To
know
thy self
is
very
difficult
:
for
as
the
Eye
can
see
all
things
but
it self
;
His
sayings
.
so
some
can
discern
all
faults
but
their
own
:
Love
.
And
again
,
Divine
Love
is
a
never
failing
treasure
:
he
that
hath
it
,
is
rich
;
and
he
that
wanteth
it
,
is
poor
:
Scriptures
.
When
he
had
read
the
Bible
over
,
he
said
,
It
's
a
physitians
shop
of
Preservatives
against
poysonous
Heresies
:
a
pattern
of
profitable
Laws
against
rebellious
spirits
:
a
treasury
of
most
costly
jewels
,
against
beggerly
elements
:
and
a
fountain
of
most
pure
water
,
springing
up
to
eternal
life
.
Erasmus
saith
,
Erasmus
his
Testinonie
of
Basil.
that
he
rather
deserved
the
name
of
Maximus
,
then
of
Magnus
:
Concerning
whose
Eloquence
(
saith
he
)
I
take
it
to
be
a
great
disgrace
to
him
,
if
I
should
compare
him
with
any
of
those
whom
the
Graecians
most
admired
,
and
endeavoured
to
imitate
.
For
which
of
all
those
great
Orators
did
so
excel
in
Eloquence
,
wherein
something
was
not
either
wanting
or
offensive
?
Did
Perycles
Thunder
and
Lighten
in
his
Orations
?
yet
it
was
without
Art
.
Lysias
was
frozen
in
his
Attick
subtlety
.
Phalereus
had
much
sweetness
,
but
wanted
gravity
.
Isocrates
was
but
the
shadow
of
an
Orator
.
Demosthenes
,
whom
Tully
maketh
the
compleat
example
of
an
exquisite
Orator
,
yet
wanted
affections
,
and
urbanity
in
his
Orations
:
But
S.
Basil
was
an
incomparable
man
,
in
whom
was
wanting
neither
Nature
nor
Art
,
nor
Exercise
:
He
was
not
only
an
excellent
Orator
,
but
a
great
Philosopher
,
and
exactly
skilled
in
all
kinde
of
Learning
.
But
as
I
said
before
,
it
s
a
disgrace
to
compare
such
a
Christian
with
any
of
the
Heathens
:
It
s
fitter
therefore
to
compare
him
with
Christians
,
like
himself
,
and
truly
that
Age
produced
many
excellent
men
famous
both
for
their
Learning
and
Piety
;
as
Athanasius
,
Gregory
Nazianzen
,
John
Chrysostom
,
and
Gregory
Nissen
.
And
each
of
these
excelled
in
their
several
gifts
:
Athanasius
for
excellent
teaching
:
Nazianzen
for
his
florid
and
acute
Orations
:
Chrysostome
,
though
he
answered
his
sir-name
by
reason
of
his
golden
mouth
,
yet
he
hath
many
superfluous
words
,
and
was
immoderate
in
his
digressions
.
Nissen
was
content
with
his
pious
simplicity
.
But
I
know
not
what
the
most
critical
Reader
can
desire
more
then
he
shall
finde
in
Basil
.
He
shall
finde
in
him
a
simple
and
natural
form
of
speech
flowing
from
his
most
holy
breast
,
drained
of
all
humane
passions
:
whatsoever
Art
can
do
,
is
to
be
found
in
him
,
yet
without
the
appearance
of
Art
.
There
thou
mayst
finde
the
knowledge
of
mundane
Philosophy
,
without
the
least
ostentation
of
it
:
there
thou
mayst
discern
his
skill
of
the
Liberal
Sciences
,
and
amongst
them
of
the
Mathematicks
;
and
yet
he
makes
them
all
handmaids
to
Piety
.
In
his
discourses
he
doth
exquisitely
mingle
Divine
testimonies
of
Scripture
,
that
they
are
like
to
precious
stones
not
sowed
to
,
but
bred
in
purple
clothes
.
His
Works
are
these
;
In
Opificium
sex
dierum
.
His
works
.
Hom.
11.
In
Psalmos
.
Hom.
17.
Variorum
argumentorum
.
Hom.
28.
De
Virginitate
.
De
Paradiso
.
Contra
Apologeticum
Eunomii
.
Contra
Sabellianos
,
&
Arium
.
De
S.
Sancto
.
De
Libero
Arbitrio
.
De
Baptismate
.
Exercitamenta
per
aliquot
Sermones
.
Praefatio
de
judicio
Dei
.
De
Fidei
Confessione
.
Moralium
Summae
.
Questiones
diffusè
Explicatae
,
Aliae
compendio
Explicatae
.
Constitutiones
Exercitatoriae
.
Epistolae
.
Explicationes
in
Psalmos
Davidis
.
All
printed
at
Basil
by
Froben
.
Anno
Christi
,
1566.
GREGORI
NAZIANZEN
The
Life
of
Gregory
Nazianzen
,
who
flourished
Anno
Christi
370.
GRegory
Nazianzen
was
first
Bishop
of
Sasima
,
then
of
Nazianzum
in
Cappad●cia
,
and
lastly
,
of
Constantinople
:
he
was
a
living
Library
of
Philosophy
and
Divinity
:
exceeding
Eloquent
:
His
Character
.
a
defender
of
the
poor
and
oppressed
;
and
a
comforter
of
the
afflicted
.
In
his
younger
days
he
became
acquainted
with
Basil
,
His
education
and
joined
studies
with
him
:
So
that
with
him
at
Athens
he
heard
those
famous
Rhetoricians
Hymerius
and
Proaeresius
.
At
Antioch
in
Syria
he
frequented
the
School
of
Libanius
,
and
by
these
means
he
became
an
excellent
Orator
.
By
reading
the
Commentaries
of
Origen
,
he
learned
to
expound
,
and
interpret
the
Sacred
Scriprures
.
In
disputation
he
foiled
and
overthrew
the
most
learned
amongst
the
Arians
:
His
zeal
against
Heresie
.
and
fearing
least
those
Errors
should
infect
the
Churches
of
Cappadocia
;
he
gat
him
thither
to
oppose
them
,
where
he
was
made
Bishop
of
Nazianzum
,
He
is
made
Bishop
of
Nazianzum
.
a
mean
City
of
Cappadocia
,
whereof
his
Father
had
been
Bishop
before
him
.
What
insight
he
had
into
mens
dispositions
by
their
Physiognomies
,
may
appear
by
that
which
he
wrote
concerning
Julian
the
Apostate
,
in
his
second
Oration
against
the
Gentiles
,
where
he
thus
writeth
;
His
judgment
on
Julian
.
I
foresaw
(
saith
he
)
long
ago
in
Julian
that
which
is
now
come
to
pass
,
when
I
knew
him
at
Athens
:
For
he
came
thither
when
the
Empress
had
procured
License
of
the
Emperour
for
his
voyage
,
and
when
his
Brother
Gallus
had
conspired
the
death
of
the
Emperour
Constantius
.
There
were
two
causes
that
moved
him
to
repair
to
Athens
:
The
first
was
tolerable
;
the
second
had
small
honesty
in
it
:
The
first
was
to
see
Greece
,
and
the
Schools
that
flourished
therein
:
The
second
(
which
was
more
secret
,
and
was
known
unto
few
)
was
to
consult
with
Southsayers
,
and
Sacrificers
,
about
his
affairs
in
time
to
come
,
because
it
was
not
permitted
openly
for
the
Authors
of
such
impiety
to
practise
such
divellish
inventions
.
And
I
my self
in
conjecturing
of
him
at
that
time
,
(
although
I
am
not
of
the
number
of
Prophets
)
yet
was
not
much
deceived
:
For
his
wavering
minde
and
frantick
disposition
made
me
Prophet
good
enough
.
I
saw
not
one
sign
in
him
that
gave
me
any
hope
that
ever
he
would
become
an
honest
man
.
He
had
a
running
head
:
A
description
of
Julian
.
his
shoulders
did
never
leave
waging
:
he
had
winking
eyes
that
continually
rouled
in
his
head
:
His
countenance
was
staring
:
He
had
a
sliding
and
limping
pace
:
His
visage
was
scornful
.
He
had
a
fleering
face
of
his
own
,
the
which
,
his
immoderate
laughter
,
and
continual
scorning
did
declare
.
His
manner
was
without
all
honesty
,
to
say
and
unsay
:
His
words
came
tumbling
out
with
vehemency
and
stops
,
the
sentence
broken
in
the
midst
:
His
questions
and
objections
were
rash
and
foolish
:
His
answers
were
little
better
,
which
oftentimes
followed
one
after
another
,
and
as
there
was
little
hold
of
them
,
so
were
they
proposed
without
order
.
But
what
need
I
to
run
over
all
particulars
?
I
foresaw
in
him
before
he
was
created
Emperour
,
that
which
afterwards
proved
to
be
most
true
.
If
there
were
any
of
my
familiar
friends
present
which
heard
me
thus
divining
of
him
,
I
am
sure
they
would
testifie
this
to
be
no
otherwise
then
I
do
report
it
:
in
whose
hearing
also
at
the
foresight
of
these
things
,
I
uttered
these
words
;
O
good
God
,
what
a
Monster
the
Empire
of
Rome
doth
nourish
?
When
I
had
uttered
these
words
,
I
desired
of
God
,
that
in
this
matter
I
might
be
found
a
lyer
.
For
that
had
been
far
better
,
then
that
the
whole
World
should
have
been
visited
with
so
many
mischiefs
,
or
then
that
such
a
Monster
should
have
been
seen
amongst
men
,
the
like
unto
whom
had
never
been
remembred
before
:
For
in
his
time
happened
many
deluges
,
and
flouds
over-flowing
the
Countries
,
the
which
both
young
and
old
do
at
this
time
remember
:
Besides
great
losses
by
fire
,
terrible
Earthquakes
and
gapings
of
the
ground
:
Men
also
of
a
strange
shape
were
born
into
the
World
,
of
mixt
and
compound
natures
,
being
half
Men
,
half
Beasts
:
But
he
purchased
to
himself
such
an
end
as
his
frantick
disposition
justly
deserved
:
These
things
did
Gregory
report
of
Julian
.
Not
long
after
,
in
the
reign
of
Theodosius
,
senior
,
Gregory
was
translated
from
the
City
Nazianzum
to
govern
a
little
Church
within
the
wals
of
Constantinople
;
unto
which
the
Emperour
afterwards
annexed
a
goodly
Temple
,
called
the
Resurrection
:
But
Gregory
being
a
famous
man
,
and
excelling
in
vertue
and
godliness
all
that
flourished
in
his
time
,
when
he
perceived
that
some
murmured
,
and
objected
to
him
that
he
was
a
stranger
and
foreigner
,
although
he
rejoyced
at
the
Emperours
coming
,
yet
utterly
refused
to
continue
any
longer
at
Constantinople
.
He
had
such
a
dexterity
of
wit
,
His
excellent
parts
.
that
which
way
soever
he
turned
himself
he
could
happily
effect
it
:
In
opening
the
Mysteries
of
the
Sacred
Scriptures
he
was
an
exellent
Teacher
,
diligent
,
cautious
,
plain
,
and
without
offering
violence
to
the
Text.
Nature
seemed
to
have
framed
him
for
Panegyrick
Orations
,
yet
did
he
so
temper
his
speeches
therein
to
the
mindes
and
ears
of
the
multitude
,
that
he
was
very
plain
to
the
ignorant
,
and
yet
at
the
same
time
to
be
admired
by
the
learned
.
In
his
Disputations
against
Eunomius
,
he
shewed
admirable
acuteness
,
yet
never
receded
from
perspicuity
of
speech
:
and
so
contained
himself
within
bounds
of
defence
of
the
Catholick
Truth
,
His
modesty
.
that
he
never
brake
forth
into
reproaches
extravagant
from
the
cause
.
Neither
was
he
unlike
himself
in
his
work
to
Amphilocus
about
the
Holy
Ghost
.
His
excellent
gifts
.
But
what
argument
soever
he
handled
,
wholsome
and
pleasing
speeches
were
never
wanting
to
him
,
and
those
not
acquired
,
but
natural
.
According
to
his
name
in
all
his
works
there
appears
a
certain
Kingly
Majesty
,
mixed
with
admirable
humanity
.
He
so
inveighed
against
the
evil
manners
of
men
,
that
they
could
not
but
love
him
whilest
he
child
them
.
And
look
what
his
Doctrine
was
,
such
was
his
life
.
By
this
dexterity
of
his
wit
,
when
Eusebius
Bishop
of
Caesarea
,
by
his
ambition
stirred
up
Sedition
,
of
an
aemulus
he
made
him
his
very
good
friend
.
By
this
he
so
contented
Modestus
,
the
Emperours
Praefect
,
that
he
drew
that
wicked
man
by
the
shining
of
his
vertue
to
admire
him
.
By
this
when
the
Emperour
Valence
himself
entred
into
his
Church
,
he
first
astonished
him
,
and
afterwards
by
his
discreet
conference
,
deterred
him
from
his
cruelty
,
year
reclaimed
him
from
the
faction
of
the
Arians
,
though
afterwards
those
wicked
men
prevailed
to
bring
him
over
to
them
again
.
His
desire
of
Martyrdom
.
He
had
always
a
minde
so
prepared
for
Martyrdom
,
that
he
desired
it
as
a
great
favour
.
In
all
his
writings
there
is
such
a
peculiar
grace
and
excellency
,
that
he
never
tires
his
Reader
:
but
always
dismisseth
him
with
a
thirst
after
more
.
One
saith
of
him
,
that
the
true
beauty
of
his
soul
did
shine
forth
in
his
Eloquence
,
Eloquence
.
Rhetorick
being
both
his
companion
and
servant
.
Hierom
was
his
scholar
:
He
was
of
such
Authority
in
the
Greek
Churches
,
that
whosoever
durst
oppose
his
testimony
,
was
suspected
for
an
Heretick
.
He
so
loved
solitude
,
that
when
for
his
excellent
Learning
and
Sanctity
,
he
should
first
have
been
made
a
Bishop
,
he
retired
himself
into
obscurity
;
but
being
discovered
,
the
people
chose
him
for
their
Bishop
.
At
last
,
growing
old
and
unfit
for
his
publick
imployment
,
he
constituted
another
Bishop
,
and
returned
to
his
former
solitude
.
He
flourished
under
Theodosius
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
saying
Preaching
.
That
in
a
great
multitude
of
people
of
several
Ages
and
Conditions
,
who
are
like
an
Harp
with
many
strings
,
it
is
hard
to
give
every
one
such
a
touch
in
Preaching
,
as
may
please
all
,
and
off
end
none
.
He
wrote
divers
works
both
in
prose
and
verse
.
The
Life
of
Epiphanius
,
who
flourished
Anno
Christi
370.
EPiphanius
Bishop
of
Salamine
in
Cyprus
,
was
born
in
Palestine
,
in
an
obscure
Town
called
Besanduces
,
His
birth
and
education
.
of
poor
and
obscure
parents
;
his
Father
dying
when
he
was
young
,
he
was
adopted
,
and
brought
up
by
one
Tryphon
a
Jew
,
whereby
he
attained
to
an
excellent
knowledge
in
the
Hebrew
:
His
Conversion
.
He
was
converted
to
the
Christian
Faith
by
one
Lucianus
,
famous
for
his
Learning
and
Vertue
:
Lucianus
put
him
to
H●arion
to
learn
,
under
whom
he
profited
exceedingly
:
Hereticks
seek
to
ensnare
him
.
Whilest
he
was
a
boy
,
certain
Hereticks
,
called
the
Gnosticks
,
cunningly
sought
to
invegle
him
,
and
to
draw
him
over
to
their
opinions
:
but
it
pleased
God
to
preserve
him
from
the
temptation
,
and
to
keep
him
in
the
Truth
.
His
commendations
.
In
his
riper
years
he
was
famous
in
the
Church
for
his
Piety
,
Holiness
of
Life
,
and
for
the
Sincerity
of
his
Doctrine
,
and
Elegancy
of
his
Stile
,
as
his
Books
witness
,
which
shew
their
Author
to
be
a
man
of
great
reading
,
skilful
in
the
Tongues
,
well
acquainted
with
Controversies
,
prudent
in
asserting
the
Truth
,
and
acute
in
confuting
Errors
;
whereupon
Melancthon
saith
of
him
;
We
have
no
fuller
an
History
of
those
ancient
affairs
of
the
Church
then
the
writings
of
Epiphanius
do
contain
,
in
which
whilest
he
intends
the
Confutation
of
Heresies
,
he
inserts
many
Historical
passages
:
So
that
out
of
this
Author
may
be
collected
almost
a
continued
History
of
the
ancient
Church
,
if
any
would
with
prudence
join
his
Narrations
together
:
and
I
wish
that
some
Prince
would
take
care
to
see
such
a
work
done
.
He
was
of
a
very
liberal
and
charitable
disposition
,
insomuch
as
he
spent
all
his
estate
in
relieving
the
Poor
.
Made
Bishop
of
Salamine
.
Being
afterwards
chosen
Bishop
of
Salamine
in
Cyprus
,
he
at
first
modestly
refused
that
dignity
,
but
importunity
prevaling
with
him
,
he
so
lived
that
Vitam
doctrinâ
,
Preachers
pattern
.
doctrinam
vitâ
comprobaret
,
his
Doctrine
approved
his
Life
,
and
his
Life
desended
his
Doctrine
:
His
zeal
against
Heresies
.
He
was
semper
Hereticorum
acerrimus
oppugnator
,
always
a
sharp
opposer
of
Hereticks
:
He
purged
all
Cy●rus
,
defiled
and
slurried
with
divers
Heresies
:
and
having
gained
an
Edict
from
Theodosius
the
Emperour
,
he
cast
all
the
Hereticks
out
of
the
Island
.
About
this
time
Theophilus
Bishop
of
Alexandria
having
upon
some
false
surmises
conceived
displeasure
against
John
Chrysostom
Bishop
of
Constantinople
,
he
sought
cunningly
to
thrust
him
out
of
his
Bishoprick
:
whereupon
he
sent
Letters
to
the
Bishops
throughout
every
City
,
concealing
his
principal
drift
,
Epiphanius
abused
by
Theophilus
.
and
only
pretending
that
he
misliked
the
Books
of
Origen
:
Epiphanius
also
being
at
this
time
very
old
,
Theophilus
wrought
upon
his
weakness
,
and
prevailed
with
him
to
call
a
Council
in
Cyprus
:
In
which
Council
the
Bishops
Decreed
that
thenceforth
none
should
read
the
works
of
Origen
:
Origens
books
condemned
.
and
by
the
instigation
of
Theophilus
,
they
wrote
also
to
Chrysostom
,
exhorting
him
to
abstain
from
the
perusing
of
those
Books
,
and
requesting
him
to
summon
a
Council
at
Constantinople
,
and
to
ratifie
that
Decree
with
the
uniform
consent
of
all
.
After
this
Epiphanius
went
to
Constantinople
,
Epiphanius
his
weakness
.
and
contrary
to
the
Canons
of
the
Church
,
Ordained
some
Ministers
there
,
and
administred
the
Sacrament
:
Yet
Chrysostom
honoured
him
highly
,
went
with
the
rest
of
his
Clergy
to
welcome
him
to
the
City
;
invited
him
to
lodge
at
his
own
house
,
and
to
make
use
of
his
Church
during
his
abode
there
:
But
Epiphanius
being
prepossessed
with
prejudice
,
His
contests
with
Chrysostom
.
answered
that
he
would
neither
lodge
in
his
house
,
nor
join
with
him
in
Prayer
,
except
he
would
condemn
the
Books
of
Origen
,
and
drive
away
Dioscorus
with
his
associates
from
him
,
who
were
favourers
of
Origen
.
But
Chrysostom
answered
,
that
it
would
be
great
injustice
to
condemn
men
before
their
cause
was
heard
;
especially
considering
that
the
time
for
administration
of
the
Sacrament
was
now
near
,
and
with
this
answer
he
left
him
.
Presently
after
the
Enemies
of
Chrysostom
came
to
Epiphanius
,
and
perswaded
him
publickly
before
all
the
people
to
condemn
the
Books
of
Origen
,
and
also
Dioscorus
and
his
followers
,
and
withall
to
tax
the
Bishop
of
the
City
for
favouring
these
persons
:
Epiphanius
being
of
too
facile
a
disposition
,
went
out
the
next
day
to
perform
these
things
,
which
Chrysostom
hearing
of
,
sent
Serapion
,
who
met
him
not
far
from
the
Church
,
and
protested
,
that
if
he
did
these
things
,
he
would
do
that
which
was
neither
just
nor
equal
,
nor
convenient
for
himself
:
For
that
hereby
he
might
bring
himself
into
danger
,
if
any
tumult
should
be
raised
amongst
the
people
.
Hereupon
he
desisted
;
yet
privately
he
called
together
some
Bishops
that
stayed
in
the
City
,
and
shewed
them
the
Decrees
which
condemned
the
Books
of
Origen
,
and
drew
some
of
them
to
assent
to
the
same
:
but
the
greatest
part
refused
,
and
Theotymnus
Bishop
of
Scythia
blamed
him
to
his
face
for
it
,
and
told
him
that
it
was
altogether
unlawful
thus
to
calumniate
and
asperse
a
man
that
was
dead
long
since
,
especially
being
of
so
great
worth
,
and
his
writings
approved
of
by
their
Predecessours
,
&c.
At
last
he
resolved
to
return
into
Cyprus
,
and
for
a
farewel
to
Chrysostom
,
he
said
,
Two
P●edictions
.
I
hope
that
thou
wilt
not
dye
a
Bishop
:
To
which
Chrysostom
replyed
,
and
I
hope
thou
wilt
never
return
into
thy
own
Country
:
Both
which
came
to
pass
:
for
a
while
after
Chrysostom
was
cast
out
of
his
Bishoprick
:
and
Epiphanius
dyed
upon
the
Sea
:
and
when
he
found
himself
mortally
sick
,
he
called
his
friends
,
and
said
to
them
,
Salvi
estote
filii
,
&c.
God
bless
you
my
children
,
for
Epiphanius
shall
see
your
faces
no
more
in
this
life
;
His
death
.
and
●hortly
after
he
dyed
,
aged
115
years
,
having
been
Bishop
55
years
,
his
loss
was
exceedingly
lamented
at
Salamine
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
That
he
never
let
his
adversary
sleep
;
not
that
he
disturbed
him
in
his
sleep
;
but
because
he
agreed
with
him
presently
,
Hatred
cured
.
and
would
not
let
the
Sun
go
down
upon
his
wrath
.
His
Works
are
printed
together
,
His
works
.
being
most
of
them
against
the
Heresies
of
his
time
,
the
names
are
;
Opus
contra
Octuaginta
Haereses
.
Panarium
Appellatum
.
Compendium
Fidei
Christianae
.
Anchoratus
,
docens
de
Fide
Christiana
.
Anacephalaeosis
,
sive
summa
totius
operis
Panarii
appellatum
.
Libellus
de
mensuris
&
ponderibus
.
Historia
de
Prophetarum
vita
,
&
interitu
.
Epistola
ad
Johannem
.
Episc:
Constantinopolitanum
.
AMBROSE
The
Life
of
Ambrose
,
who
dyed
An.
Christi
397.
A
Mbrose
Bishop
of
Millain
,
His
birth
.
his
Father
was
a
Praefect
in
France
:
when
Ambrose
was
an
Infant
,
a
swarm
of
Bees
(
as
he
lay
in
his
Cradle
)
setled
on
his
Face
,
A
Prodigy
.
and
flew
away
without
hurting
of
him
,
whereupon
his
Father
said
,
Si
vixerit
infantulus
iste
,
aliquid
magni
erit
,
if
this
childe
live
,
he
will
be
some
great
man
.
His
education
.
Afterwards
he
went
to
Rome
,
and
gained
great
knowledge
in
the
Liberal
Arts
,
and
was
excellently
accomplished
with
Eloquence
,
and
sweet
behaviour
,
whereupon
he
was
made
Governor
of
Insubria
,
and
so
went
to
Millain
,
where
he
was
made
Lieutenant
,
and
being
made
Lieutenant
thereof
,
about
the
same
time
this
strange
act
happened
;
When
Auxentius
whom
the
Arians
had
chosen
to
be
Bishop
of
that
Sea
,
dyed
,
all
was
there
on
an
uprore
about
the
Election
of
another
Bishop
,
and
great
strife
there
was
,
whilst
some
would
prefer
this
man
,
and
some
others
that
man
unto
the
Bishoprick
.
The
tumult
being
raised
,
Ambrose
the
Lieutenant
of
the
City
,
who
also
was
a
Consul
,
fearing
greatly
lest
that
Schism
would
breed
mischief
in
the
City
,
came
purposely
into
the
Church
to
appease
the
Sedition
:
And
his
presence
prevailing
very
much
with
the
people
,
after
he
had
given
them
many
notable
exhortations
,
and
thereby
mitigated
the
rage
of
the
heady
and
rash
multitude
;
A
special
providence
.
All
on
a
sudden
with
one
voice
,
and
as
it
were
with
one
mouth
nominated
Ambrose
for
their
Bishop
,
hoping
hereby
that
all
things
would
be
reconciled
,
and
that
all
would
embrace
one
Faith
and
Opinion
.
The
Bishops
that
were
present
thought
verily
that
the
uniform
voice
of
the
people
was
the
voice
of
God
himself
:
wherefore
without
any
further
deliberation
they
took
Ambrose
(
who
was
but
a
Catechumenist
)
and
baptized
him
,
Ambrose
baptized
.
purposing
also
to
enstal
him
in
the
Bishoprick
:
Ambrose
came
willingly
to
Baptism
,
yet
denyed
utterly
to
be
a
Bishop
;
whereupon
the
Bishops
made
the
Emperour
Valentinian
privy
to
their
doings
:
He
wondering
at
the
consent
and
agreement
of
the
people
,
judged
that
which
was
done
to
be
the
work
of
God
himself
:
he
signified
therefore
to
the
Bishops
,
that
they
should
obey
the
Will
of
God
,
and
create
Ambrose
Bishop
,
saying
,
that
God
rather
then
men
preferred
him
to
this
dignity
.
Thus
Ambrose
being
made
Bishop
,
He
is
made
Bishop
.
the
Citizens
of
Millain
,
who
aforetime
were
at
discord
amongst
themselves
,
thenceforth
imbraced
Peace
and
Unity
.
Whereupon
the
good
Emperour
publickly
returned
thanks
unto
God
in
these
words
;
I
give
thee
humble
thanks
O
Omnipotent
God
,
and
our
Saviour
Jesus
Christ
,
that
whereas
I
had
committed
the
Government
of
their
Bodies
to
this
man
,
thou
hast
also
committed
their
Souls
to
his
care
,
and
thereby
hast
declared
that
my
sentence
was
just
in
appointing
him
to
such
a
place
.
Not
long
after
Ambrose
spake
very
freely
to
the
Emperour
,
His
fidelity
and
courage
.
complaining
of
divers
things
which
were
ill
administred
by
sundry
of
the
Magistrates
:
To
whom
that
worthy
Emperour
answered
;
I
knew
long
ago
that
thou
wast
a
free-spoken
man
,
for
which
cause
I
was
so
far
from
resisting
thine
Ordination
to
the
Bishoprick
,
as
that
I
gave
my
free
and
full
consent
to
it
;
wherefore
according
to
the
rule
of
Gods
Holy
Word
,
do
thou
prepare
a
medicine
for
our
erring
mindes
.
This
good
Emperour
a
while
after
dying
,
Justina's
malice
.
Justina
his
Wife
,
being
infected
with
the
●ilth
of
Arianism
,
yet
whilest
her
husband
lived
,
she
could
no
kinde
of
way
molest
those
that
embraced
the
Faith
of
One
Substance
:
but
after
his
decease
removing
to
Millain
,
together
with
her
young
son
,
she
raised
such
tumults
against
Ambrose
the
Bishop
,
that
in
the
end
she
prevailed
for
his
banishment
:
The
people
resist
her
.
But
the
people
,
who
bore
singular
love
and
affection
to
Ambrose
,
withstood
her
Act
,
and
hindred
their
force
that
went
about
to
convey
him
into
exile
;
and
it
pleased
God
,
that
just
at
the
same
time
news
came
that
Maximus
a
Britain
had
rebelled
,
and
that
Gratian
the
Emperour
was
slain
in
France
by
And●agathius
the
Captain
of
Maximus
:
Which
news
so
cooled
the
heat
of
Justina's
spleen
,
that
she
was
content
to
let
Ambrose
alone
.
Yet
did
she
proceed
to
work
upon
the
tender
and
flexible
minde
of
her
young
son
Valentinian
junior
,
and
to
instil
into
him
the
Principles
of
Arianism
;
and
the
young
man
deceived
by
the
enticements
of
his
Mother
,
too
greedily
drank
in
the
poison
thereof
,
whereupon
at
length
he
began
to
communicate
his
minde
to
Ambrose
,
supposing
that
if
he
could
but
draw
him
to
his
opinion
,
he
could
easily
overcome
the
rest
:
But
Ambrose
began
to
minde
him
of
the
Piety
and
Sincerity
of
his
Father
,
exhorting
him
to
defend
the
Truth
which
he
had
received
from
him
,
as
he
would
defend
his
Empire
:
He
also
opened
to
him
the
difference
between
those
two
opinions
,
shewing
him
how
that
of
the
Arians
was
directly
contrary
to
the
Doctrine
of
Christ
,
and
his
holy
Apostles
,
and
that
of
the
Orthodox
was
most
consonant
thereunto
:
But
the
young
man
,
The
Emperour
enraged
against
Ambrose
.
as
a
young
man
that
was
blinded
with
the
Error
of
his
Mother
,
was
so
far
from
hearkening
to
the
good
counsel
of
Ambrose
,
that
on
the
contrary
,
being
inflamed
with
wrath
,
he
compassed
the
Church
where
Ambrose
was
,
with
a
great
number
of
armed
Souldiers
,
thinking
thereby
to
terrifie
him
.
But
when
he
saw
that
this
valiant
Champion
and
Souldier
of
Christ
was
no
whit
affrighted
,
he
grew
into
such
a
rage
,
that
he
commanded
him
to
come
forth
of
the
Temple
:
To
whom
Ambrose
answered
:
His
courage
and
constancy
.
That
will
I
never
willingly
do
,
neither
will
I
betray
the
Sheepfold
of
my
Sheep
to
the
Wolves
,
nor
deliver
up
this
Temple
of
God
to
the
Authors
of
blasphemy
:
but
if
thou
pleasest
to
kill
me
,
here
is
my
breast
,
peirce
it
either
with
thy
sword
or
spear
as
thou
pleasest
,
for
I
desire
and
am
willing
to
embrace
such
a
death
:
This
his
resolute
answer
made
the
Emperour
to
withdraw
.
About
this
time
Theodosius
the
great
,
reigning
in
the
East
,
there
fell
out
a
great
Sedition
in
the
City
of
Thessalonica
,
which
some
of
the
Magistrates
coming
to
quiet
,
by
the
furious
people
they
were
not
only
greatly
reproached
,
but
stoned
to
death
:
The
news
hereof
being
carried
to
Theodosius
,
he
was
so
grievously
incensed
against
the
Citizens
of
Thessalonica
,
that
he
sent
an
Army
against
them
,
A
passionate
act
of
Theodosius
.
and
slew
seven
thousand
of
them
,
even
the
innocent
amongst
the
guilty
,
without
ever
examining
the
fact
,
and
proceeding
judicially
against
the
nocent
:
And
presently
after
he
went
into
the
West
against
the
Tyrant
Maximus
,
whereof
you
may
read
the
story
in
my
second
Part
of
the
Marrow
of
Ecclesiastical
History
,
in
the
life
of
Theod.
senior
.
And
having
obtained
a
wonderful
victory
,
he
went
to
Millain
;
but
as
he
was
about
to
enter
into
the
Church
,
Ambrose
met
him
at
the
door
,
and
said
unto
him
:
Ambrose
his
speech
to
Theodosius
.
It
s
very
likely
O
Emperour
that
you
know
not
the
greatness
of
that
murther
that
was
committed
by
you
,
neither
after
your
anger
was
appeased
,
did
you
by
reason
weigh
the
greatness
of
your
crime
.
For
it
may
be
the
greatness
of
your
Imperial
Dignity
would
not
suffer
you
to
acknowledge
your
sin
:
but
your
Power
blindes
your
Reason
:
For
you
ought
to
consider
the
weakness
and
frailty
of
our
Humane
Nature
,
and
to
bend
your
Eyes
upon
our
Mother
Earth
,
from
which
you
had
your
Original
,
and
into
which
you
must
return
:
neither
ought
you
by
reason
of
the
splendor
of
your
Purple
garments
,
to
be
ignorant
of
the
weakness
of
that
body
which
is
shrowded
in
them
:
Consider
further
that
you
rule
over
those
who
are
partakers
of
the
same
Nature
with
you
▪
and
therefore
are
your
fellow-servants
.
For
God
the
Creator
of
the
Universe
,
is
Lord
and
King
of
all
men
:
With
what
eyes
then
can
you
behold
his
Temple
who
is
Lord
of
all
?
With
what
feet
can
you
tread
in
his
Courts
?
How
dare
you
(
I
pray
you
)
stretch
forth
before
him
those
hands
which
are
defiled
with
murther
,
and
unjust
bloodshed
,
and
with
the
same
receive
the
Holy
Sacrament
of
Christs
Body
?
Or
how
dare
you
put
his
Holy
Blood
into
your
mouth
,
which
being
inflamed
with
anger
,
commanded
unjustly
the
spilling
of
so
much
blood
?
He
excommunicates
Theodosius
.
Depart
therefore
,
and
do
not
increase
your
former
sin
by
adding
a
new
one
to
it
,
but
embrace
that
bond
which
the
Lord
of
all
doth
from
Heaven
impose
upon
you
:
which
bond
truly
hath
force
to
cure
you
of
the
disease
of
your
Soul
,
and
of
restoring
you
to
health
.
The
godly
Emperour
willingly
submitted
to
him
(
for
having
been
religiously
trained
up
,
Theodosius
his
humility
.
he
knew
full
well
what
was
the
duty
of
Gods
Ministers
,
and
what
was
proper
for
Kings
to
do
in
such
cases
)
and
accordingly
returned
to
his
Palace
full
of
sighs
and
tears
.
And
about
eight
moneths
after
,
the
Feast
of
Christs
Nativity
being
to
be
celebrated
,
the
Emperour
sate
still
in
his
Palace
,
giving
himself
to
lamentations
,
and
pouring
out
abundance
of
tears
:
which
Ruffinus
the
Master
of
his
Hall
taking
notice
of
,
being
very
dear
unto
the
Emperour
,
went
to
him
,
and
asked
him
the
cause
of
his
weeping
:
Then
the
Emperour
mourning
more
bitterly
,
and
pouring
out
more
abundance
of
tears
,
said
;
Surely
Ruffinus
thou
dost
but
mock
me
!
or
knowest
not
with
how
great
misery
I
am
afflicted
:
For
I
sigh
and
bewail
my
calamity
,
whilst
I
consider
in
my
minde
how
open
the
Church
is
to
my
servants
,
yea
to
beggars
,
who
have
free
leave
to
pour
out
their
Prayers
before
God
:
But
not
only
that
place
,
but
even
Heaven
it self
is
shut
up
against
me
:
For
that
saying
of
our
Saviour
comes
into
my
minde
,
Whose
sins
you
bind
on
Earth
shall
be
bound
in
Heaven
:
To
this
Ruffinus
answered
,
therefore
if
it
please
you
,
I
will
run
to
the
Bishop
,
I
will
intreat
,
beseech
,
and
perswade
him
to
free
you
from
this
bond
.
He
seeks
for
absolution
.
But
I
fear
(
said
the
Emperour
)
that
he
will
not
hearken
to
you
.
For
I
know
that
Ambrose's
sentence
is
so
just
and
equal
,
that
he
will
not
violate
the
Law
of
God
for
fear
of
the
Imperial
Power
.
But
when
Ruffin
was
not
yet
satisfied
,
promising
that
he
would
prevail
with
Ambrose
,
the
Emperour
bade
him
run
quickly
:
and
himself
hoping
that
Ruffin
might
prevail
,
immediately
followed
him
.
But
as
soon
as
Ambrose
saw
Ruffin
,
he
said
unto
him
:
Thou
seemest
unto
me
(
Ruffin
)
to
imitate
the
impudency
of
dogs
:
For
although
by
thy
perswasion
that
cruel
slaughter
was
committed
,
yet
thou
hast
so
steeled
thy
Face
that
thou
art
not
ashamed
,
neither
art
thou
grieved
that
by
so
great
madness
thou
ragedst
against
the
Image
of
God
:
But
when
Ruffin
had
earnestly
entreated
him
to
be
pacified
,
and
told
him
that
the
Emperour
would
presently
be
there
,
Ambrose
being
kindled
with
an
holy
zeal
,
said
,
I
profess
,
Ruffin
,
that
I
will
forbid
him
entrance
into
the
Church
,
and
if
he
will
turn
his
Power
into
Tyranny
,
I
am
willing
to
be
slain
by
him
.
Ruffin
hearing
these
things
,
presently
sent
a
messenger
to
the
Emperour
,
intreating
him
to
stay
in
his
Palace
.
The
Emperour
meeting
with
this
message
in
the
Market
place
,
The
Emperours
m●dness
.
said
,
Yet
I
will
go
that
I
may
undergo
his
just
reproofs
which
are
due
to
me
:
And
when
he
came
to
the
Church
door
,
he
entred
not
,
but
went
to
the
Bishop
,
desiring
him
to
absolve
him
from
his
Excommunication
.
But
Ambrose
told
him
,
that
his
coming
was
Tyrannical
;
and
that
he
was
enraged
against
God
,
and
trampled
his
Laws
under
his
Feet
▪
To
whom
the
Emperour
answered
:
I
do
not
oppose
those
Laws
with
an
obstinate
minde
,
neither
do
I
desire
wickedly
to
enter
into
the
Church
,
but
I
intreat
thee
to
absolve
me
,
and
to
set
before
thine
eyes
the
clemency
of
him
who
is
Lord
of
all
things
:
neither
shut
thou
those
doors
against
me
which
he
opens
to
all
that
truly
repent
of
their
sins
.
To
which
Ambrose
answered
:
What
repentance
dost
thou
shew
after
so
grievous
a
sin
committed
?
What
medicines
hast
thou
applyed
for
the
healing
of
such
great
wounds
?
It
is
thy
part
(
said
the
Emperour
)
to
prepare
the
medicine
,
to
apply
it
,
and
when
the
wound
is
cured
,
to
remove
it
:
It
's
my
part
to
follow
thy
directions
.
Then
said
Ambrose
;
Because
thou
gavest
way
to
thy
anger
,
and
didst
not
temper
it
with
reason
,
but
pronouncedst
sentence
with
an
inflamed
minde
,
How
to
prevent
sinful
anger
.
I
desire
that
thou
make
a
Law
,
that
all
sentences
pronounced
in
anger
shall
be
void
:
and
that
in
all
causes
which
concern
death
,
or
confiscation
of
goods
,
thirty
days
intervene
between
the
sentence
and
execution
,
that
so
if
there
be
just
cause
,
the
sentence
may
be
revoked
:
and
that
at
the
end
of
the
thirty
days
,
they
which
writ
thy
sentence
,
shew
it
thee
,
that
so
laying
aside
all
anger
,
thou
mayst
weigh
the
cause
with
judgement
,
and
so
either
establish
it
or
make
it
void
.
The
Emperour
judging
this
most
prudent
counsel
,
willingly
imbraced
it
,
and
presently
commanded
a
Law
to
be
Enacted
,
which
he
confirmed
by
his
subscription
:
Theodosius
absolved
.
which
being
done
,
Ambrose
absolved
him
;
and
the
Emperour
presently
entring
the
Church
,
sell
prostrate
,
pronouncing
that
verse
of
the
Psalm
;
My
soul
cleaveth
to
the
dust
,
quicken
me
according
to
the
Word
;
and
then
with
many
tears
and
testimonies
of
sorrow
he
begged
pardon
,
and
afterwards
was
made
partaker
of
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
.
Upon
a
time
a
certain
Witch
sent
his
Spirits
to
kill
Ambrose
;
Special
providences
.
but
they
returned
answer
,
that
God
had
hedged
him
in
as
he
did
Job
:
Another
came
with
a
sword
to
his
bedside
to
have
killed
him
;
but
he
could
not
stir
his
hand
,
till
repenting
,
he
was
by
the
prayer
of
Ambrose
restored
to
the
use
of
his
hands
again
:
When
Eugenius
was
Emperour
,
Flavianus
the
Praefect
desired
leave
of
him
to
build
the
Altar
of
Victory
at
Millain
,
which
Ambrose
hearing
of
,
departed
from
thence
to
Bononia
;
but
after
a
while
(
Eugenius
and
Flavianus
going
to
war
against
Theodosius
)
he
returned
to
Millain
again
:
But
before
they
went
,
they
sent
word
,
that
when
they
returned
Conquerours
,
they
would
make
the
great
Church
in
Millain
a
Stable
for
Horses
:
Profaness
punished
.
but
God
prevented
them
:
for
Eugenius
was
slain
by
his
own
Souldiers
,
and
Theodosius
got
the
victory
.
This
Ambrose
was
very
abstinent
,
full
of
watchings
and
prayer
,
diligent
in
writing
,
never
dining
but
on
the
Sabbaths
:
he
was
very
couragious
for
the
Truth
,
and
merciful
to
the
Poor
,
and
Captives
:
His
charity
.
he
would
weep
when
he
heard
of
the
death
of
any
godly
Minister
:
Falling
sick
,
he
appointed
Simplicianus
a
godly
old
man
to
succeed
him
,
and
continuing
instant
in
Prayer
,
he
departed
this
life
the
third
year
after
Theodosius
,
Anno
Christi
397.
His
death
.
He
used
to
say
,
Repentance
not
to
be
delayed
.
When
gold
is
offered
to
thee
,
thou
usest
not
to
say
,
I
will
come
again
to
morrow
and
take
it
,
but
art
glad
of
present
possession
:
But
Salvation
being
profered
to
our
Souls
,
few
men
haste
to
embrace
it
:
And
again
,
It
is
not
so
much
to
be
enquired
how
much
thou
givest
,
True
charity
.
as
with
what
heart
:
It
's
not
liberality
,
when
thou
takest
by
oppression
from
one
,
and
givest
it
to
another
:
Conscience
.
And
again
,
A
clear
Conscience
should
not
regard
slanderous
speeches
;
nor
think
that
they
have
more
power
to
condemn
him
,
then
his
own
Conscience
hath
to
clear
him
:
And
again
,
Death
is
the
burial
of
all
vices
;
Death
.
for
it
is
the
progress
and
accomplishment
of
the
full
mortification
of
all
our
Earthly
members
,
wherein
that
filthy
flux
of
sin
is
dryed
up
in
an
instant
:
It
is
a
voluntary
sacrificing
of
the
whole
man
,
Soul
and
Body
to
the
Lord
,
the
greatest
and
highest
service
we
can
do
him
on
Earth
.
His
works
are
printed
in
five
Tomes
.
His
works
.
The
Life
of
Gregory
Nissen
,
who
flourished
Anno
Christi
480.
GRegory
was
sirnamed
Nissenus
from
the
City
whereof
he
was
Bishop
;
His
parentage
.
He
was
born
in
Cappadocia
in
the
fourth
age
after
Christ
.
His
Fathers
name
was
Basil
,
his
Mothers
Emmelia
:
His
Brothers
names
were
Basil
Bishop
of
Caesarea
,
and
Peter
Bishop
of
Sebastia
.
He
had
a
Sister
called
Macrina
.
From
his
childhood
he
was
much
affected
with
the
study
of
Rhetorick
,
His
learning
.
wherein
he
grew
as
famous
as
any
of
the
ancient
Fathers
.
He
affected
not
that
solitary
life
which
his
Brother
Basil
did
,
but
imployed
himself
in
instructing
others
.
First
he
was
a
Professor
in
a
School
of
Rhetorick
:
Afterwards
he
became
a
Reader
of
Divinity
in
the
Church
:
Yet
after
a
while
returning
to
his
Rhetorick
School
again
,
he
was
reduced
to
his
former
work
of
reading
Divinity
by
Gregory
Nazianzen
,
Suidas
saith
,
that
he
was
Vir
insignis
,
omnique
Doctrina
exuberans
;
A
famous
man
abounding
with
all
manner
of
Learning
:
Neither
was
he
less
signal
for
his
Piety
and
Holiness
of
Life
,
as
Nicephorus
testifies
.
He
is
made
Bishop
.
For
his
great
worth
he
was
preferred
to
the
Bishoprick
of
Nyssa
,
a
chief
City
in
Cappadocia
.
He
was
banished
by
the
Arian
Emperour
Valence
,
He
is
banished
.
and
from
the
seventh
to
the
fifteenth
year
of
his
Reign
,
he
wandred
up
and
down
;
yet
still
went
to
such
places
where
the
necessity
of
the
Church
required
his
presence
,
His
zeal
to
do
good
.
and
where
he
might
do
most
good
;
In
which
godly
imployment
he
was
much
encouraged
by
Gregory
Nazianzen
.
He
lived
under
Constantius
,
Julian
,
Jovian
,
Valentinian
,
and
Valence
,
Gratian
,
and
Theodosius
the
Great
:
and
in
his
time
,
together
with
Gregory
Nazianzen
,
was
President
in
the
Universal
Council
of
Constontiple
against
the
Macedonian
Hereticks
,
Anno
Christi
492.
When
Hierom
wrote
his
Catalogue
of
Illustrious
men
,
he
was
alive
;
but
the
year
of
his
death
is
not
expressed
by
any
Author
.
He
was
admired
for
his
Eloquence
,
and
one
calleth
him
pervigilem
Antistitem
,
the
faithful
and
vigilant
Prelate
:
Scriptures
.
He
used
to
read
the
Scriptures
with
all
diligence
,
reverence
and
strictness
,
having
a
special
regard
to
the
genuine
sense
of
them
:
He
was
a
strong
opposer
of
Eunomius
his
Heresie
:
By
the
Oecumenical
Council
of
Constantinople
he
was
appointed
as
a
man
most
fit
to
visit
the
Churches
planted
in
Arabia
.
After
the
decease
of
his
brother
Basil
he
finished
his
Commentaries
which
he
had
left
imperfect
upon
the
Six
Days
Works
.
His
works
.
He
also
preached
at
Constantinople
a
Funeral
Sermon
upon
the
death
of
Miletius
Bishop
of
Antioch
.
He
wrote
an
admirable
book
against
Eunomius
,
and
another
no
less
famous
of
the
Creation
of
Man
,
besides
many
Excellent
Sermons
which
he
made
:
But
the
Treatise
Of
the
Soul
,
which
he
wrote
to
his
sister
Macrina
,
deserves
the
praise
of
Learned
men
in
all
succeeding
Ages
.
Many
things
are
fathered
upon
him
:
but
judicious
Scultetus
owneth
only
these
;
Exegetica
Scripta
in
Ecclesiasten
.
In
Cantica
Canticorum
.
In
Psalmos
.
De
Occursu
Domini
.
De
Deo
&
Trinitate
.
De
Creatione
.
De
Providentia
.
De
Christo
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
De
Baptismo
,
De
cultus
Dei
in
genere
.
De
cultu
Dei
in
specie
.
viz.
De
Peregrinatione
ad
loca
sancta
:
De
Oratione
.
De
Pauperum
Amore.
De
Beatitudinibus
,
De
Fornicatione
fugienda
.
De
iis
qui
aegrè
ferunt
reprehensiones
.
De
iis
qui
temerè
alios
damnant
.
De
Vsurariis
,
Funebres
Orationes
sive
de
morte
piorum
,
De
Resurrectione
mortuorum
.
De
Theologia
Vniversa
in
Oratione
Catechetica
magna
.
He
compared
the
Vsurer
to
a
man
giving
water
to
one
in
a
Burning-Feaver
,
His
sayings
.
which
doth
him
no
good
,
Usury
.
but
a
great
deal
of
mischief
:
so
the
Vsurer
,
though
he
seem
for
the
present
to
relieve
his
brothers
want
,
yet
afterwards
he
doth
greatly
torment
him
:
He
gave
this
Character
of
an
Vsurer
,
He
loves
no
labour
but
a
sedentary
life
:
the
Pen
is
his
plough
:
Parchment
his
Field
:
Ink
his
Seed
:
Time
is
the
Rain
to
ripen
his
greedy
Desires
:
his
Sickle
is
calling
in
of
Forfeitures
;
his
House
the
Barn
where
he
winnows
the
Fortunes
of
his
Clients
:
He
follows
his
Debtors
as
Eagles
and
Vultures
do
Armies
,
to
Prey
upon
the
dead
Corps
:
And
again
,
Men
come
to
Vsurers
as
Birds
to
an
heap
of
Corn
;
they
desire
the
Corn
,
but
are
destroyed
in
the
Nets
:
And
again
,
There
is
no
excuse
for
hard-heartedness
;
for
where
can
a
rich
man
cast
his
eyes
but
he
may
behold
objects
of
his
charity
?
&c.
He
dyed
under
Valentinian
and
Valence
.
The
Life
of
Theodoret
,
who
flourished
Anno
Christi
420.
THeodoret
Bishop
of
Cyrus
was
born
at
Antioch
of
Noble
and
Religious
Parents
:
His
parentage
.
His
Mother
before
she
had
him
was
much
grieved
in
minde
,
because
she
was
barren
,
and
without
hope
of
issue
to
inherit
their
large
possessions
,
whereupon
she
with
her
husband
resolved
to
bequeath
all
their
Revenues
to
the
maintenance
of
Poor
Christians
:
His
birth
.
Yet
at
last
God
was
pleased
to
answer
her
requests
,
giving
her
a
son
which
she
named
Theodoret
,
The
gift
of
God
:
He
proved
of
great
acuteness
,
and
in
a
short
time
profited
so
in
Piety
,
and
in
Letters
,
that
he
was
made
a
Bishop
whilest
he
was
yet
a
young
man
:
His
learning
.
and
shortly
after
he
set
forth
that
excellent
work
which
he
called
The
History
of
the
Lovers
of
God
:
His
zeal
against
Heresie
.
He
was
a
great
opposer
of
Hereticks
,
and
wrote
much
against
them
,
and
reduced
many
round
about
him
that
were
Marcionites
,
even
to
the
hazard
of
his
life
:
His
charity
.
He
was
wondrous
charitable
,
visiting
and
refreshing
the
bowels
of
the
poor
:
He
was
a
careful
imitator
of
Chrysostom
,
whom
he
always
proposed
as
a
worthy
pattern
for
his
stile
in
his
writings
:
and
by
this
means
he
proved
very
fluent
and
eloquent
,
which
his
learned
Works
do
plainly
declare
:
His
Commentaries
upon
the
Scriptures
are
very
excellent
,
His
works
.
wherein
he
resolved
many
of
the
hardest
questions
in
the
Old
Testament
.
He
shewed
much
learning
in
his
Divine
Treatise
Of
Gods
Providence
:
He
very
strongly
opened
and
confuted
the
fond
conceits
of
abundance
of
Hereticks
:
as
of
Simon
Magus
,
Menander
,
Basilides
,
Carpocrates
,
&c.
A
Synod
being
appointed
at
Ephesus
to
stop
the
Heresie
of
Nestorius
,
and
Cyril
coming
first
thither
,
(
not
knowing
that
the
Bishops
of
Syria
were
coming
also
)
he
of
himself
condemned
Nestorius
,
which
afterward
caused
much
contention
,
especially
between
Theodoret
and
Cyril
:
Theodisius
his
wisdom
.
But
Theodosius
junior
calling
them
together
to
Constantinople
,
by
his
eare
and
wisdom
healed
this
breach
,
and
Theodoret
and
Cyril
were
wondrous
loving
each
to
other
ever
after
.
In
that
famous
Council
of
Chalcedon
,
wherein
were
above
six
hundred
Bishops
,
he
was
stiled
by
their
unanimous
consent
,
Catholicus
&
Orthodoxus
Ecclesiae
Pastor
,
&
Doctor
sincerus
.
A
Catholick
and
Orthodox
Pastor
of
the
Church
,
and
a
sincere
Teacher
of
the
Truth
.
Gennadius
testifieth
of
his
writings
that
they
were
strengthened
with
impregnable
and
undeniable
Arguments
,
by
which
with
Reasons
and
Testimonies
of
Scripture
,
he
proves
and
confirms
that
Christ
was
truly
incarnate
of
the
Virgin
Mary
.
Bellarmine
stiles
him
Viram
plane
doctissimum
,
An
absolute
learned
man
.
He
wrote
an
Ecclesiastical
History
which
is
of
great
use
to
the
Church
:
He
dyed
in
the
reign
of
Theodosius
junior
,
His
death
.
being
not
very
old
;
but
rather
spent
with
labors
and
studies
then
with
age
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
saying
.
That
the
delights
of
the
Soul
are
to
know
her
Maker
,
to
consider
his
Works
,
and
to
know
her
own
Estate
.
His
Works
were
printed
in
two
Tomes
,
His
works
.
at
Collen
Anno
Christi
1617.
Which
besides
his
Ecclesiastical
History
,
contain
Expositions
upon
many
portions
both
of
the
Old
and
New
Testament
.
JEROM
The
Life
of
Hierom
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
422.
HIerom
was
born
in
a
Town
called
Stridon
in
the
confines
of
Dalmatia
and
Pannonia
,
Anno
Christi
331.
His
birth
and
parentage
.
His
Fathers
name
was
Eusebius
,
a
pious
and
godly
man
,
who
before
his
Country
was
overrun
and
sacked
by
the
barbarous
Goths
,
(
who
about
this
time
laid
all
waste
before
them
)
was
a
man
of
a
middle
and
competent
estate
,
and
very
careful
of
the
education
of
this
his
Son
:
His
Mother
also
was
a
religious
Woman
;
and
therefore
from
his
infancy
he
was
trained
up
(
like
another
Timothy
)
in
the
knowledge
of
Christ
and
of
the
sacred
Scriptures
;
His
education
.
and
as
he
grew
in
years
,
so
did
he
also
in
learning
;
and
when
he
was
a
boy
,
He
goes
to
Rome
.
he
was
by
his
Parents
sent
to
Rome
,
at
that
time
the
most
famous
place
both
for
Piety
and
Religion
,
in
the
West
,
where
he
was
brought
up
in
the
study
of
the
Liberal
Sciences
.
For
they
seemed
to
foresee
that
they
had
begotten
a
son
for
the
good
of
the
World
,
and
therefore
in
his
Education
they
did
not
indulge
their
private
affections
,
but
sought
to
promote
the
publick
good
:
He
quickly
by
reason
of
his
ingenuity
became
very
expert
both
in
the
Greek
and
Latine
Tongues
:
then
he
became
a
very
good
Grammarian
and
Rhetorician
,
His
studies
.
having
an
excellent
wit
,
and
being
of
an
indefatigable
disposition
.
And
it
was
his
hap
to
have
excellent
Schoolmasters
:
Donatus
for
the
Grammer
,
and
Victorinus
for
Rhetorick
,
who
were
at
that
time
famous
men
in
Rome
.
Afterwards
being
grown
riper
in
years
,
he
fell
to
the
study
of
Philosophy
of
all
sorts
,
as
Aristotles
,
Platos
,
the
Stoicks
,
&c.
Yet
he
spent
not
too
much
time
herein
,
but
proceeded
to
the
study
of
History
,
Cosmography
,
and
Antiquities
:
because
he
perceived
that
even
to
that
time
amongst
the
Latines
,
Theology
was
but
an
Infant
,
whereupon
many
ahhorred
reading
of
Divinity
books
,
and
therefore
he
thought
that
if
a
man
could
attain
to
set
forth
the
Dignity
of
Theology
with
excellency
of
speech
,
it
would
come
more
into
request
:
besides
he
thought
by
this
means
to
stop
the
mouths
of
the
Ethnicks
,
who
reproached
Christians
as
barren
and
barbarous
persons
.
He
had
for
his
fellow
Students
,
Pammachius
of
Noble
Parentage
,
a
man
of
such
I
earning
and
Integrity
,
that
he
was
solicited
to
be
Bishop
of
Rome
:
Bonosus
,
who
also
proved
very
famous
:
Heliodorus
whose
vertue
advanced
him
to
a
Bishoprick
.
Having
now
sufficiently
profited
in
the
knowledge
of
Humane
Arts
,
he
proceeded
to
more
grave
and
weighty
studies
,
and
after
the
example
of
other
worthy
men
,
for
the
further
polishing
of
his
minde
with
Wisdom
and
Experience
,
His
travels
.
he
travelled
all
over
France
,
procuring
the
acquaintance
of
,
and
familiarity
with
the
most
worthy
men
of
that
Country
:
Bonosus
also
was
his
companion
in
these
travels
:
He
was
very
diligent
in
searching
the
Libraries
in
every
place
where
he
came
:
and
at
Trevir
he
wrote
out
with
his
own
hand
a
great
Volume
of
Hilary
de
Synodis
;
and
having
much
profited
himself
,
not
only
in
Learning
,
but
Religion
also
,
after
a
long
time
,
he
returned
to
visit
his
Countries
,
both
where
he
was
born
,
and
where
he
was
new
born
[
〈◊〉
]
.
Then
did
he
begin
to
consider
what
course
of
〈…〉
,
〈…〉
choose
.
take
himself
to
,
and
in
what
place
to
fix
his
habitation
;
〈◊〉
that
it
would
much
conduce
to
his
comfort
,
if
he
〈…〉
such
a
course
with
judgement
as
was
most
sutable
to
his
〈◊〉
.
He
seriously
considered
that
Rome
was
as
yet
over
spread
with
Paganism
,
and
that
it
was
not
safe
for
a
young
man
to
be
in
a
place
of
so
much
pleasure
,
which
himself
sometimes
called
Babylon
:
He
also
considered
,
that
his
own
Country
was
cerrupted
with
barbarous
pleasures
,
as
himself
somewhere
notes
in
one
of
his
Epistles
:
Whereupon
he
consulted
with
some
of
his
intimate
friends
,
resolving
to
depart
to
some
place
where
he
might
with
more
privacy
follow
the
study
of
Divinity
,
and
wholly
dedicate
himself
to
Christ
.
It
was
also
a
great
trouble
to
his
minde
,
to
consider
how
Christians
and
Pagans
were
intermixed
together
,
whence
it
necessarily
came
to
pass
,
that
many
who
professed
Christ
,
were
Christians
rather
in
name
then
in
truth
.
He
considered
further
,
that
in
marriage
,
besides
other
incumbrances
,
he
should
lose
his
freedom
;
And
that
in
the
life
of
Ministers
and
Bishops
there
was
a
great
deal
of
danger
;
that
will
he
,
nill
he
,
he
must
be
intangled
with
riches
,
honours
,
and
cares
of
the
World
,
and
thereby
be
cast
upon
many
temptations
:
Besides
,
the
lives
of
many
of
them
displeased
him
seeing
the
ancient
Piety
of
the
Ministry
to
begin
to
degenerate
into
Pride
and
Tyranny
.
All
these
things
seriously
considered
,
he
began
to
be
in
love
with
a
Monastick
life
,
which
in
those
times
did
far
differ
from
their
lives
in
future
Ages
,
which
was
afterwards
intangled
with
Ceremonies
and
Superstitions
.
For
in
those
times
they
had
liberty
to
change
their
condition
when
they
pleased
,
to
go
whither
they
pleased
;
they
had
a
great
deal
of
freedom
to
attend
their
studies
,
betaking
themselves
to
Fasting
and
Prayer
,
they
were
not
bound
under
any
humane
constitutions
.
Their
Apparel
was
mean
,
yet
not
enjoyned
,
but
left
to
every
ones
free
will
,
not
which
was
noted
for
prodigious
novelty
,
so
that
every
one
might
point
at
them
with
the
finger
,
but
which
was
most
agreeable
with
Christian
simplicity
;
they
were
tyed
by
no
Vows
but
such
as
every
true
Christian
ought
to
be
subject
to
.
Having
resolved
upon
this
course
of
life
,
his
next
endeavour
was
to
associate
some
companions
to
him
therein
:
But
Pammachius
,
who
hitherto
had
been
his
chamber-fellow
,
and
fellow-student
,
for
his
course
of
life
was
wholly
of
another
disposition
:
The
greatest
freedom
was
most
pleasing
to
Hierom
,
and
a
married
life
to
Pammachius
.
Bonosus
having
setled
his
affairs
,
forsaking
his
Country
,
Parents
and
Friends
,
and
only
accompanyed
with
his
Books
,
was
departed
into
a
solitary
Island
;
and
therein
had
out-run
Hierom
,
extricating
himself
from
the
snares
of
the
World
to
enjoy
more
freedom
in
the
service
of
Christ
.
Not
long
after
Hierom
having
setled
his
affairs
,
Hierom
goes
into
Syria
.
and
provided
things
necessary
for
his
journey
,
especially
a
fair
Library
,
he
sailed
into
Syria
,
having
Heliodorus
for
his
companion
,
who
having
remained
a
while
with
him
in
Syria
,
disliking
that
course
of
life
,
left
him
.
Yet
did
not
Hierom
at
all
break
off
his
good
esteem
of
him
for
the
same
.
Then
did
Hierom
go
to
Hierusalem
,
veiwing
all
the
observable
places
about
that
once
famous
City
:
His
sickness
.
But
shortly
after
by
reason
of
the
change
of
Ayr
and
Country
,
he
fell
into
a
grievous
sickness
,
at
which
time
Evagrius
entertained
him
into
his
house
,
and
shewed
much
kindeness
to
him
.
Having
recovered
his
health
,
he
was
inflamed
with
an
earnest
desire
of
prosecuting
his
former
resolution
for
the
manner
of
his
life
,
and
thereupon
retiring
himself
into
a
Desart
between
the
Syrians
and
Saracens
,
he
had
no
company
besides
wilde
Beasts
and
Serpents
,
and
here
and
there
a
Monks
Cell
that
had
betaken
himself
to
the
same
course
of
life
,
as
Hierom
now
did
.
But
before
his
fixing
in
this
Wilderness
,
he
spent
some
time
in
Antiochia
,
which
yet
he
stayed
not
long
in
,
partly
by
reason
of
the
celebrity
of
the
place
,
and
partly
because
of
a
Schism
that
was
in
the
Church
:
Neither
could
he
stay
long
in
Chalcis
,
His
troubles
by
the
Arians
.
because
of
the
neighbourhood
of
some
Arians
,
which
molested
him
:
and
indeed
this
holy
man
was
grievously
vexed
by
their
wicked
practises
,
who
daily
cited
him
before
them
to
give
an
account
of
his
Faith
.
In
brief
,
he
met
with
so
many
molestations
,
that
many
times
he
repented
his
coming
into
Syria
.
And
thereupon
at
length
he
shut
up
himself
far
from
the
commerce
of
men
in
that
forenamed
Desart
,
His
retreat
into
the
wilderness
.
thinking
it
far
better
to
live
amongst
Thieves
,
and
wilde
Beasts
,
then
amongst
such
Christians
.
And
continuing
there
four
years
together
,
His
carriage
there
.
he
only
conversed
with
Christ
,
and
his
Books
,
seriously
busying
himself
according
to
his
former
purpose
.
And
having
in
his
youth
fallen
into
some
loosness
,
the
first
thing
he
did
was
with
showres
of
tears
to
bewail
his
sins
,
and
to
endeavour
to
make
his
peace
with
God
;
Then
by
abstinence
,
watchings
,
and
incredible
austeritty
of
life
to
beat
down
his
body
,
and
to
bring
it
into
subjection
to
his
spirit
,
that
so
he
might
be
freed
from
all
temptations
to
fleshly
lusts
:
and
left
his
carnal
affections
should
impede
his
heavenly
life
,
he
prescribed
and
exacted
of
himself
a
daily
task
wherein
he
was
imployed
.
He
distributed
his
time
into
two
parts
,
His
industry
.
one
for
his
studies
,
the
other
for
meditation
and
prayer
,
wherein
also
he
spent
a
good
part
of
the
night
:
He
allowed
himself
the
least
part
for
sleep
,
less
for
his
food
;
and
none
for
idleness
:
when
he
was
aweary
of
study
,
he
betook
himself
to
Prayer
,
or
singing
of
a
Psalm
:
and
then
presently
returned
to
his
studies
again
.
He
read
over
all
his
Library
,
and
then
rubbed
up
his
old
studies
:
His
study
of
the
Scriptures
.
He
learned
most
of
the
Scripture
by
heart
.
He
meditated
much
upon
the
Prophets
,
labouring
to
finde
out
the
Mysteries
of
their
Prophesies
:
He
extracted
Christian
wisdom
out
of
the
Evangelists
and
Apostolical
Writings
,
as
out
of
most
pure
Fountains
.
For
it
is
the
first
step
to
Piety
,
to
acquaint
our selves
with
the
Truths
of
God
.
Then
he
read
over
the
Works
of
such
as
had
Commented
thereon
with
great
Judgement
,
not
pretermitting
the
Works
of
Ethnicks
and
Hereticks
.
For
he
knew
how
to
gather
Gold
out
of
a
Dunghil
,
and
Honey
out
of
Weeds
,
leaving
the
Poyson
to
Spiders
:
then
did
he
collect
what
he
could
out
of
the
Egyptian
Writers
,
endeavouring
to
beautifie
the
House
of
God
by
the
spoils
of
his
Enemies
:
And
for
the
help
of
his
Memory
,
and
to
make
him
more
prompt
,
he
digested
all
that
he
read
into
certain
heads
and
common
places
.
●ut
especially
he
read
over
Origens
Works
,
whom
he
called
Suum
,
his
own
:
and
some
of
whose
Homilies
whilest
he
was
a
young
man
,
he
had
turned
into
Latin
:
His
reading
also
he
mixed
with
writing
.
About
this
time
he
interpreted
the
Prophesie
of
Obadiah
Allegorically
,
because
he
knew
not
the
History
,
as
himself
afterwards
confessed
in
his
Preface
to
his
second
Interpretation
of
that
Prophesie
,
in
which
he
makes
amends
for
his
former
youthly
precipitation
.
In
brief
,
he
pretermitted
nothing
that
might
make
him
an
admirable
Doctor
of
the
Church
,
and
a
most
accomplished
Divine
:
that
nothing
might
be
wanting
in
his
Learning
:
nothing
amiss
in
his
Life
,
which
might
any
whit
tend
to
the
diminishing
of
the
credit
of
his
Doctrine
.
Afterwards
also
finding
by
experience
,
that
many
secrets
could
not
be
understood
,
nor
handled
as
they
ought
to
be
,
without
learning
those
Languages
wherein
they
were
first
written
,
and
taught
,
by
hard
study
and
industry
he
overcame
the
difficulties
which
are
in
the
Hebrew
tongue
;
His
study
of
the
Hebrew
and
other
Eastern
languages
.
Yea
,
he
did
not
only
labour
for
the
knowledge
of
it
,
but
to
give
the
right
sound
and
pronuntiation
to
some
barbarous
and
strange
Languages
which
he
studied
.
And
for
his
perfecting
in
the
Hebrew
,
he
did
with
great
charges
hire
the
most
learned
of
the
Jews
to
instruct
him
;
emptying
his
Purse
to
enrich
his
Soul
with
Learning
.
He
also
learned
the
Chalde
,
because
the
Books
of
Job
,
Daniel
,
and
some
other
Portions
of
the
Old
Testament
,
though
they
were
written
in
Hebrew
,
yet
much
use
of
the
Chaldean
Language
is
made
therein
.
He
studyed
also
the
Syriack
,
because
through
their
commerce
with
the
Helrews
their
speech
was
nere
of
kin
to
it
.
In
these
holy
labours
,
though
he
spent
some
years
,
as
also
in
his
rigorous
course
of
Life
,
yet
he
professeth
that
he
took
much
pleasure
therein
:
For
that
which
at
first
seemed
difficult
and
troublesome
,
by
degrees
became
easie
and
familiar
to
him
;
and
that
which
was
best
in
its
own
nature
,
became
most
pleasant
also
.
Yea
,
he
was
so
far
from
prizing
and
desiring
the
delights
of
Rome
,
that
living
in
a
Wilderne●s
,
he
seemed
to
converse
with
Angels
.
Sometimes
his
friends
visited
him
,
and
sometimes
himself
visited
his
neighbour
Monks
,
and
by
intercourse
of
Letters
he
enjoyed
the
society
of
his
absent
friends
.
And
though
he
could
have
desired
all
his
life
long
to
enjoy
this
pleasing
retiredness
,
yet
it
much
conduced
to
Gods
glory
,
and
the
good
of
the
Church
,
that
this
Champion
of
Christ
should
at
last
appear
in
publick
,
and
that
this
excellent
Light
should
no
longer
be
hid
under
a
Bushel
:
and
therefore
though
he
seemed
unwilling
thereto
,
yet
Divine
Providence
so
ordered
it
,
that
at
last
he
was
drawn
back
to
Rome
,
〈…〉
and
that
by
the
means
of
Epiphanius
Bishop
of
Salamine
in
Cyprus
,
and
Paulinus
Bishop
of
Antiochia
,
by
whom
he
was
formerly
Ordained
a
Presbyter
.
His
imployment
.
At
Rome
he
became
acquainted
with
some
Noble
Matrons
,
and
amongst
the
rest
with
Marcella
:
all
whom
he
inflamed
with
the
desire
of
studying
the
Sacred
Scriptures
,
yea
himself
became
an
Interpreter
thereof
unto
them
,
especially
to
Marcella
,
who
so
profited
under
him
,
that
afterwards
when
any
controversie
arose
about
the
testimony
of
Scripture
in
such
and
such
points
,
they
repaired
to
her
to
be
a
Judge
therein
.
By
these
means
the
fame
of
Hierom
grew
so
great
,
that
every
one
judged
him
worthy
to
succeed
Damasus
in
the
Bishoprick
of
Rome
.
But
as
there
is
never
a
shadow
but
when
the
light
is
present
,
so
the
eminency
of
this
holy
man
wanted
not
envy
.
There
were
not
some
wanting
who
calumniated
him
for
his
first
departure
into
Syria
,
He
is
envyed
by
some
.
and
in
his
absence
wounded
him
with
the
darts
of
their
viru●ent
tongues
:
Notwithstanding
which
he
was
very
dear
to
,
and
highly
prized
by
Damasus
the
present
Romane
Bishop
,
and
living
three
years
in
strict
friendship
with
him
,
and
Paula
a
Noble
Matron
,
he
procured
the
greater
envy
to
himself
thereby
,
which
at
length
brake
forth
into
open
burning
.
For
certain
of
the
Arian
Faction
were
closely
crept
into
Rome
,
who
the
better
to
conceal
themselves
,
had
taken
upon
them
the
name
of
Origenists
;
The
subtilty
of
the
Arians
.
These
men
that
they
might
the
better
strengthen
themselves
,
screwed
themselves
into
familiar
acquaintance
with
sundry
Noble
Matrons
,
amongst
whom
they
secretly
spred
the
poyson
of
their
Doctrines
:
and
because
Hierom
was
much
taken
with
Origens
wit
,
and
had
highly
commended
him
,
they
sought
to
make
him
a
partner
of
their
Faction
:
being
so
much
the
more
dangerous
by
how
much
under
a
pretence
of
friendship
they
plotted
his
ruine
,
Their
dissimulation
.
so
that
he
began
to
consult
about
leaving
Rome
,
of
which
himself
in
a
certain
place
speaks
thus
.
I
was
accounted
a
scandalous
person
,
a
turncoat
and
inconstant
,
a
lyar
,
and
one
that
deceived
by
Satans
artifice
.
They
kissed
my
hands
,
whilest
like
Vipers
they
detracted
me
behinde
my
back
▪
they
seemed
to
grieve
for
me
with
their
lips
,
whilest
in
their
hearts
they
rejoyced
at
my
hurt
.
One
jeared
at
my
gate
,
another
at
my
laughter
,
another
under
my
simplicity
seemed
to
fear
some
mischief
.
He
had
many
reasons
to
induce
him
to
leave
Rome
:
The
remembrance
of
his
former
ease
and
freedom
from
the
troubles
and
distractions
of
the
City
;
then
the
troublesome
celebrity
of
the
City
,
the
more
troublesome
delights
,
together
with
the
pride
and
luxury
which
attended
the
same
.
For
about
this
time
the
riches
of
the
Church
increasing
,
Christian
simplicity
began
to
decrease
:
Also
the
malice
and
envy
of
the
Origenists
against
him
grew
daily
more
violent
:
especially
Ruffinus
living
in
the
City
at
this
time
,
who
as
he
never
was
a
sincere
friend
to
him
,
so
now
he
was
a
secret
,
yet
pestilent
adversary
against
him
.
Upon
these
and
such
like
reasons
Hierom
left
Rome
,
His
return
into
Syria
.
and
went
back
to
Syria
:
concerning
which
journey
himself
,
thus
writes
;
When
(
saith
he
)
I
touched
at
Cyprus
,
I
was
entertained
lovingly
by
the
venerable
Bishop
Epip●anius
when
I
came
to
Antiochia
I
enjoyed
the
society
of
that
excellent
Confessor
Paulinus
,
and
departing
from
him
in
the
midst
of
Winter
,
His
travels
and
studies
.
the
weather
being
extream
cold
,
I
came
to
Hierusalem
,
where
I
veiwed
all
things
,
and
saw
those
places
with
mine
Eyes
which
I
had
only
read
,
or
heard
of
before
.
From
thence
I
went
into
Egypt
,
where
I
saw
Asps
lurking
in
the
Monks
Cels
:
Lastly
,
I
returned
to
Bethlehem
.
I
saw
also
the
famous
Lake
:
Asphaltites
.
neither
did
I
indulge
my self
,
but
by
travelling
up
and
down
,
learned
many
things
which
before
I
knew
not
.
In
this
journey
he
grew
acquainted
with
Gregory
Nazianzen
,
whom
he
cals
his
Master
,
and
professeth
,
that
he
learned
much
out
of
the
Scriptures
by
his
assistance
.
He
also
often
heard
Apollinarius
at
Antioch
,
and
had
much
familiar
society
with
him
:
by
whose
perswasion
he
went
to
Alexandria
,
and
there
compleated
his
studies
in
Divinity
by
the
help
of
Didymus
.
Lastly
,
by
the
help
of
Barhanina
a
Jew
,
he
perfected
his
studies
of
the
Hebrew
tongue
.
Thus
by
long
experience
having
got
much
Wisdom
,
and
by
the
society
of
many
Learned
and
Excellent
men
,
having
attained
to
a
great
measure
of
Learning
,
he
buckled
himself
to
the
handling
of
Divinity
.
Undertaking
the
Office
of
a
Divine
:
setling
himself
at
Bethlehem
,
His
labors
at
Bethlehem
which
place
by
his
Vertues
and
Writings
,
he
made
famous
all
over
the
World
;
and
in
which
place
he
lived
a
very
quiet
and
comfortable
life
in
the
company
of
some
godly
,
learned
,
and
faithful
friends
,
spending
his
time
in
Singing
Psalms
,
Translating
the
Bible
,
and
Preaching
to
his
Auditors
.
Very
many
resorted
to
him
out
of
all
Countries
,
all
whom
according
to
his
ability
he
entertained
lovingly
and
bountifully
,
driving
none
from
his
house
but
such
as
were
branded
for
Heresie
:
His
zeal
against
Heresie
.
He
wrote
much
against
the
Heresies
of
those
times
,
so
that
there
was
no
chief
Heretick
but
looked
upon
Hierom
as
his
great
Adversary
:
And
indeed
there
were
never
any
times
more
full
of
Sedition
,
and
Confusion
then
those
,
wherein
the
Hereticks
had
so
diffused
their
Errors
,
that
it
was
a
peice
of
great
Art
to
be
Orthodox
.
Especially
the
Arians
by
their
writings
,
weapons
,
and
countenance
of
the
Emperours
,
had
not
only
disturbed
the
Peace
of
the
East
,
but
almost
of
all
the
World
:
The
increase
of
Arianism
.
And
when
that
Heresie
was
in
some
measure
●ulled
asleep
,
it
revived
in
the
Origenists
,
who
were
crept
into
Rome
it self
,
and
there
secretly
and
cunningly
spread
abroad
the
poyson
of
their
Doctrines
:
The
Captain
of
whom
was
Ruffinus
of
Aquileia
,
who
in
his
childehood
had
been
very
intimate
with
Hierom
:
But
afterwards
these
great
friends
became
great
enemies
:
though
the
first
breach
betwixt
them
was
pieced
up
by
the
Prudence
of
H●erom
,
who
saw
,
and
yet
connived
at
his
secret
devices
and
clancular
detractations
:
But
when
Ruffin
began
to
charge
the
Truth
with
Heresie
,
and
to
make
Hierom
a
partner
in
his
impious
Opinions
,
the
Holy
man
could
bear
no
longer
,
but
breaking
the
bands
of
friendship
,
they
wrote
most
bitterly
one
against
another
;
His
great
troubles
.
Hierom
thinking
that
all
forbearance
towards
a
Heretick
was
impiety
,
not
a
vertue
.
Many
were
stirred
up
by
Ruffinus
means
to
write
against
Hierom
,
and
to
charge
him
with
many
and
foul
aspersions
both
in
his
Life
and
Doctrine
;
but
he
,
like
to
an
old
and
well
rooted
Oke
,
brake
the
windes
that
assaulted
him
on
every
side
:
He
remained
in
all
these
storms
unbroken
,
and
unconquered
,
and
was
so
far
from
departing
from
that
which
was
honest
:
That
the
more
his
Enemies
barked
against
him
,
the
more
he
was
provoked
to
the
study
of
Piety
,
And
against
the
violence
and
fraud
of
Hereticks
,
he
was
somewhat
holpen
by
Epiphanius
and
Theophilus
Bishops
of
Alexandria
:
At
Rome
,
he
had
Pammatius
and
Chromatius
to
take
his
part
.
By
reason
of
these
troubles
his
Life
was
a
continual
Martyrdom
:
He
spent
whole
30
years
in
the
study
of
the
sacred
Scriptures
and
Divinity
,
and
to
extream
old
age
continued
in
Teaching
and
Writing
:
He
was
of
a
very
weak
constitution
,
and
conflicted
with
many
painful
diseases
,
before
old
Age
came
upon
him
:
which
diseases
he
procured
by
the
great
austerity
of
life
,
and
his
nightly
studies
:
But
especially
by
his
indefatigable
labours
in
writing
so
many
great
Volumes
,
for
which
cause
it
was
that
sometimes
he
was
forced
to
make
use
of
Notaries
:
His
death
.
And
at
last
having
worn
out
himself
with
his
great
pains
,
and
continual
labours
,
he
quietly
slept
in
the
Lord
in
the
ninty
first
year
of
his
Age
,
Anno
Christi
,
422.
Honorius
and
Constantine
being
Emperours
.
His
holy
Life
and
his
Books
stuffed
with
so
much
Learning
and
Eloquence
,
His
great
esteem
.
procured
him
so
much
credit
and
authority
,
that
learned
Greece
which
used
to
undervalue
the
Learning
of
all
Nations
but
their
own
,
took
care
that
his
Commentaries
should
be
translated
into
Greek
.
He
was
so
famous
in
his
Life
time
,
that
if
any
difficulty
did
occur
in
Expounding
Scriptures
,
all
men
had
recourse
to
him
as
to
the
Oracle
of
the
Christian
World
.
Frequent
Letters
and
Messengers
were
sent
to
him
out
of
Italy
,
Spain
,
France
,
Germany
,
and
Africa
:
He
was
consulted
with
by
Bishops
,
by
Noble
men
,
by
Matrons
,
and
by
the
chiefest
of
all
sorts
:
Many
from
all
parts
repaired
to
Bethlehem
;
not
so
much
for
Religion
sake
,
as
to
see
and
confer
with
Hierom.
Augustine
held
a
strict
bond
of
friendship
with
him
,
and
was
willing
to
learn
of
him
as
of
his
Master
.
Paulus
Orosius
the
Historiographer
learned
many
things
by
conference
with
him
.
His
Industry
was
admirable
,
whence
Erasmus
saith
of
him
;
Minima
pars
vitae
dabatur
somno
,
minor
cibo
,
nulla
otio
.
Et
Sacras
literas
ad
verbum
ediscebat
.
His
usual
Prayer
was
;
Lord
,
let
me
know
my self
,
that
I
may
the
better
know
thee
the
Saviour
of
the
World
.
He
used
this
excellent
saying
,
His
saying
,
Christian
fortitude
.
If
my
Father
stood
weeping
on
his
knees
before
me
,
and
my
Mother
hanging
on
my
neck
behinde
,
and
all
my
Brethren
,
Sisters
,
Children
,
and
Kinsfolk
bowling
on
every
side
to
retain
me
in
a
sinful
life
,
I
would
fling
my
Mother
to
the
ground
,
Love
of
Christ
.
run
over
my
Father
,
despise
all
my
Kinred
,
and
tread
them
under
my
feet
that
I
might
run
to
Christ
.
Erasmus
saith
of
him
,
Quis
docet
aptiùs
?
quis
delectat
urbani
ùs
,
&c.
Who
teacheth
more
distinctly
?
who
delights
more
modestly
?
who
moves
more
effectually
?
who
praises
more
candidly
?
who
perswades
more
gravely
?
and
who
exhorts
more
ardently
?
Trithemius
saith
,
Vir
in
secularibus
valdè
eruditus
,
&c.
He
was
a
man
well
seen
in
Secular
Learning
,
but
in
Divinity
he
was
inferiour
to
none
of
the
Doctors
of
the
Church
,
and
famous
for
his
skill
in
the
Languages
:
a
rooter
out
of
Hereticks
,
and
a
defender
of
the
Truth
.
He
used
to
say
,
The
danger
of
Heresie
.
Dead
flesh
is
to
be
cut
off
for
fear
of
a
Gangrene
:
Arius
at
first
was
but
a
spark
,
but
being
not
suppressed
betimes
,
he
proved
the
Incendiarie
of
the
whole
Church
:
And
again
,
You
must
be
a
Dove
,
and
a
Serpent
:
one
,
not
to
do
hurt
to
others
;
Chastity
.
the
other
,
not
to
be
hurt
by
others
:
And
again
,
That
woman
is
truly
chaste
,
that
hath
liberty
and
opportunity
to
sin
,
and
will
not
.
What
ever
he
did
,
he
still
thought
that
that
voice
was
in
his
Ears
,
Iudgement
.
Surgite
mortui
,
&
venite
ad
judicium
,
Arise
you
dead
,
Vertue
.
and
come
to
judgement
:
And
again
,
All
vertues
are
so
linked
together
,
that
he
that
hath
one
,
hath
all
;
and
he
that
wants
one
,
wants
all
.
He
translated
the
Bible
out
of
the
Originals
into
Latine
.
His
Works
were
printed
in
nine
Tomes
at
Paris
,
Anno
Christi
1534.
His
works
.
with
Erasmus
his
Scholia
upon
them
:
where
he
also
shews
which
of
them
are
genuine
,
which
doubtful
,
and
which
spurious
.
CHRYSOSTOM
The
Life
of
Chrysostom
,
who
flourished
Anno
Christi
400.
IOhn
Chrysostom
was
born
in
Antioch
,
His
parentage
.
a
City
of
Caelosyria
;
his
Father
was
called
Secundus
,
his
Mother
was
Anthusa
:
he
descended
of
the
Noble
Race
of
Senators
:
He
was
the
Disciple
of
Libanius
the
Sophist
,
and
the
Auditor
of
Androgathius
the
Philosopher
:
His
first
purpose
was
to
apply
himself
to
the
study
and
practice
of
the
Law
,
and
to
handle
the
publick
affairs
of
the
Common-wealth
:
but
when
he
perceived
how
lewd
and
unrighteous
a
trade
of
life
they
led
which
busied
themselves
therein
,
he
left
that
troublesome
and
dangerous
course
,
and
betook
himself
to
a
quiet
and
more
retired
manner
of
life
:
and
so
changing
both
his
habit
and
behaviour
,
he
addicted
himself
wholly
to
the
study
of
the
Sacred
Scriptures
,
His
stud●es
.
devising
with
himself
how
he
might
be
most
useful
and
profitable
to
the
Church
of
Christ
.
He
perswaded
Theodorus
and
Maximus
his
fellow-Students
,
who
together
with
him
had
frequented
the
School
of
Libanius
,
to
forsake
that
trade
of
life
,
which
was
wholly
set
on
lucre
and
gain
,
and
to
follow
that
which
was
contented
with
a
little
.
He
also
associated
himself
with
Basil
,
and
was
a
partner
in
his
studies
;
After
which
he
was
made
Reader
in
the
Church
of
Antioch
by
Zeno
Bishop
of
Hierusalem
,
and
a
while
after
was
made
Deacon
by
Meletius
,
and
afterwards
for
three
years
space
he
lived
a
retired
life
,
severed
from
all
the
troublesome
affairs
of
the
World
:
at
the
end
whereof
he
was
made
a
Presbyter
by
Evagrius
,
His
Ordination
.
then
Bishop
of
Antioch
.
He
was
a
man
of
marvellous
great
temperance
,
very
austere
in
life
,
and
rather
harsh
then
curteous
in
his
deportment
:
He
had
no
great
forecast
,
made
no
account
of
the
World
,
and
because
of
his
plain
and
simple
meaning
,
was
soon
deceived
:
He
was
very
copious
and
free
of
speech
with
all
such
as
had
any
conference
with
him
.
His
diligence
in
his
Ministry
.
In
his
Ministry
he
was
very
diligent
and
painful
,
endeavoring
all
that
possibly
he
could
to
reform
the
lives
and
manners
of
his
Auditors
:
and
he
had
an
excellent
faculty
in
perswading
,
wherein
he
excelled
most
men
of
that
age
.
He
was
very
frequent
and
earnest
in
reproving
sin
,
not
only
in
his
publick
Ministry
,
but
by
going
to
the
houses
of
such
as
were
scandalous
,
and
dealing
privately
and
plainly
with
them
,
laying
to
heart
the
dishonour
done
unto
God
,
as
if
himself
had
been
personally
wronged
by
them
:
By
this
means
he
became
very
grateful
to
the
common
people
:
but
most
ungrateful
to
great
and
rich
men
,
who
usually
take
most
liberty
in
sinning
.
Hereupon
his
fame
spread
all
over
the
Roman
Empire
:
Such
as
knew
him
,
prized
his
great
experience
;
such
as
knew
him
not
,
were
drawn
by
the
fame
of
his
great
Learning
:
insomuch
as
the
Bishoprick
of
Constantinople
being
void
,
he
of
all
others
was
thought
most
worthy
to
succeed
therein
:
and
thereupon
he
was
unanimously
chosen
both
by
the
Clergy
and
Laity
,
He
is
chosen
Bishop
of
Constantinople
.
the
Emperour
himself
approving
well
of
their
choice
,
and
sending
some
messengers
to
fetch
him
.
In
the
mean
time
also
the
Emperour
convocated
a
Synod
,
that
by
that
means
his
Ordination
to
the
Bishoprick
might
be
better
approved
of
.
Asterius
the
Praefect
of
the
East
,
having
received
the
Emperours
Letters
,
sent
to
Antioch
for
John
,
as
if
he
meant
to
confer
with
him
about
something
:
But
as
soon
as
he
came
,
taking
him
up
in
his
Coach
,
he
carryed
him
to
Pagra
,
where
he
delivered
him
to
the
Emperours
Messengers
:
and
this
he
did
because
he
knew
the
tumultuous
disposition
of
the
Antiochians
,
who
would
have
raised
some
Sedition
rather
then
have
parted
with
him
,
and
would
never
but
by
force
have
suffered
him
to
have
gone
from
them
.
When
he
came
to
Constantinople
,
the
Clergy
were
called
together
:
But
Theophilus
Bishop
of
Alexandria
opposed
his
Ordination
,
endeavouring
to
prefer
to
that
place
one
of
his
own
Presbyters
called
Isidore
,
who
had
been
his
Instrument
in
an
action
very
prejudicial
to
the
Emperour
.
But
when
Eutropius
one
of
the
Courtiers
had
told
him
that
except
he
consented
with
the
rest
for
the
choice
of
John
,
he
should
be
questioned
for
that
former
fact
,
he
also
gave
his
suffrage
for
him
.
Thus
John
being
setled
in
the
Bishoprick
of
Constantinople
,
his
first
study
and
care
was
to
reform
the
lives
of
his
Clergy
,
and
making
a
diligent
Inquisition
into
their
conversation
,
He
reforms
his
Clergy
.
their
dyet
,
and
other
carriages
,
he
reproved
,
corrected
,
yea
and
cast
some
of
them
out
of
the
Church
.
For
John
being
of
a
cholerick
and
hasty
Nature
,
and
now
armed
with
Authority
,
would
not
indulge
their
faults
,
but
laboured
throughly
to
reform
them
:
And
this
he
did
not
only
to
the
Clergy
of
his
own
Church
,
but
being
of
a
great
spirit
,
and
inflamed
with
zeal
,
he
endeavoured
the
Reformation
of
all
within
his
Jurisdiction
:
And
finding
also
a
great
Rent
and
Schism
between
the
Eastern
and
Western
Churches
,
He
endeavours
the
peace
of
the
Church
.
he
did
all
that
possibly
he
could
for
the
healing
and
making
up
of
the
same
,
and
prevailed
somewhattherein
,
though
he
could
not
perfectly
attain
his
desire
.
His
Gouernment
and
Ministry
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
proved
very
effectuall
in
Constantinople
,
so
that
he
converted
many
Pagans
to
Christianity
,
and
reduced
many
Hereticks
from
their
Errors
.
Many
flocked
dayly
to
him
,
some
for
the
profit
and
benefit
which
they
got
by
his
Doctrine
;
The
great
success
of
his
Ministry
.
others
for
the
tempting
of
him
,
all
whom
he
held
Captive
,
and
prevailed
with
them
to
agree
with
him
in
matters
of
Religion
.
So
great
a
confluence
of
people
resorted
to
his
Sermons
,
with
an
insatiable
desire
after
them
,
that
they
were
ready
to
stifle
one
another
whilest
every
one
crowded
to
come
neerest
to
him
.
About
this
time
Chrysostom
was
informed
that
the
Churches
in
Asia
were
generally
governed
by
unworthy
Bishops
,
His
〈◊〉
.
who
either
for
affection
or
bribes
preferred
unfit
persons
to
the
Ministry
,
whereupon
he
went
to
Ephesus
,
and
examining
these
things
,
he
deposed
thirteen
Bishops
,
some
in
Lycia
,
some
in
Phrygia
,
and
the
rest
in
Asia
,
placing
more
fit
persons
in
their
rooms
.
At
Ephesus
finding
the
Bishop
to
be
lately
dead
,
he
placed
Heraclides
,
born
in
Cyprus
,
and
sometimes
a
Disciple
of
Evagrius
.
He
is
h●●ed
for
it
.
But
upon
the
removal
of
these
Bishops
,
they
with
their
adherents
raised
many
slanders
against
Chrysostom
,
accusing
him
every
where
as
a
violator
of
their
Country
Laws
:
and
amongst
others
they
stirred
up
Eutropius
,
an
Eunuch
in
the
Emperours
Court
against
him
,
who
was
in
great
favour
,
and
was
esteemed
as
the
Father
of
the
Emperour
,
and
made
one
of
the
Consuls
of
the
City
.
This
Eutropius
procured
a
Law
to
be
Enacted
,
that
Malefactors
taking
Sanctuary
in
the
Church
,
should
be
drawn
thence
and
punished
according
to
their
demerits
.
Shortly
after
himself
was
accused
for
using
the
Emperours
wife
unworthily
,
whereupon
he
fled
to
the
Church
,
and
there
lay
under
the
Communion-Table
,
Chrysostom
being
to
Preach
the
next
day
,
took
occasion
to
speak
against
the
Pride
and
Insolency
of
Great
men
,
and
to
shew
the
vanities
and
uncertaintie
of
all
worldly
glory
:
and
Eutropius
according
to
his
own
Law
was
fetched
out
of
the
Church
and
beheaded
.
About
the
same
time
also
the
Arians
,
The
subtilty
of
the
Arians
.
who
by
the
Emperour
Theodosius
were
driven
out
of
all
the
Churches
within
Constantinople
,
held
their
Conventicles
in
the
Suburbs
,
where
first
they
met
together
in
the
night-time
,
and
made
certain
songs
and
responsories
in
favour
of
their
own
Heresies
,
and
in
disgrace
of
the
Catholicks
,
and
at
last
they
grew
so
bold
,
that
they
went
about
the
streets
every
morning
,
especially
on
the
first
and
last
days
of
the
Week
,
singing
them
as
they
went
▪
John
Chysostom
suspecting
least
some
of
his
people
might
be
seduced
by
these
means
,
Chysostom
counter-plots
them
.
stirred
them
up
to
the
like
practice
:
whereupon
the
Hereticks
being
enraged
,
fell
upon
the
Orthodox
,
so
that
some
of
both
sides
were
slain
;
which
so
incensed
the
Emperour
against
them
,
that
he
forbad
all
the
Conventicles
of
the
Arians
:
by
which
means
the
people
were
more
in
love
with
John
,
both
for
his
Prudence
and
profitable
Preaching
.
Yet
many
of
the
Great
,
Rich
men
,
and
of
the
Clergy
hated
him
,
because
he
was
so
free
and
impartial
in
his
reproofs
:
for
as
oft
as
any
of
his
Clergy
offended
,
he
punished
them
:
and
such
as
abused
their
Riches
to
Pride
,
The
danger
of
riches
.
Luxury
,
and
dishonest
Pleasures
,
he
laboured
by
all
means
to
reduce
them
to
Virtue
.
Some
of
the
Clergy
joyning
with
some
Monks
reproached
him
as
a
cholerick
and
implacable
man
;
and
endeavoured
to
alienate
the
affections
of
the
people
from
him
by
suggesting
that
he
was
unsociable
,
never
inviting
any
man
to
his
Table
,
nor
going
to
any
Feast
when
he
was
invited
:
whereas
the
reason
of
it
was
because
of
his
great
temperance
,
and
by
reason
of
his
hard
studies
he
was
troubled
with
Rhumes
and
Head-ach
,
which
made
him
shun
such
meetings
.
About
this
time
there
arose
a
great
contention
amongst
the
Monks
in
Egypt
,
Ignorant
Monks
.
whilest
some
of
the
more
ignorant
and
illiterate
held
God
to
have
a
body
like
unto
man
;
others
denyed
it
:
Theophilus
Bishop
of
Alexandria
held
with
,
and
favoured
the
former
,
laying
snares
to
entrap
some
of
the
latter
,
who
thereupon
went
to
Constantinople
to
complain
of
him
to
the
Emperour
,
and
to
John
:
These
he
received
very
courteously
,
and
admitted
them
to
the
Prayers
of
the
Church
,
but
not
to
the
Sacrament
till
their
cause
was
heard
before
the
Emperour
.
But
a
rumour
being
spread
in
Alexandria
,
that
he
had
admitted
them
to
the
Sacrament
,
Theophilus
was
extreamly
offended
with
him
,
and
sought
to
put
him
out
of
his
Bishoprick
:
Whilest
he
meditated
these
things
,
he
wrote
to
all
the
Bishops
thereabouts
that
they
should
condemn
the
Books
of
Origen
:
and
considering
that
it
would
much
advance
his
affairs
,
if
he
could
draw
Epiphanius
Bishop
of
Salamine
in
Cyprus
,
a
man
famous
for
his
Life
and
Learning
,
to
side
with
him
,
he
wrote
very
flattering
Letters
to
him
,
whereby
he
made
him
his
friend
;
Then
did
he
perswade
him
to
call
a
Synod
in
Cyprus
to
condemn
the
Works
of
Origen
:
which
the
good
man
too
easily
affented
to
:
Epiphanius
his
weakness
.
and
calling
a
Council
they
condemned
them
:
Then
did
Epiphanius
write
to
Constantinople
to
John
,
to
call
a
Council
and
to
condemn
them
likewise
there
.
Theophilus
in
the
mean
time
considering
that
he
might
safely
do
what
such
a
famous
man
as
Epiphanius
had
done
,
he
also
summoned
a
Council
of
all
the
Egyptian
Bishops
,
where
they
also
condemned
the
Books
of
Origen
.
But
John
thought
that
this
business
did
not
deserve
the
calling
of
a
Council
,
and
therefore
neglected
it
,
shewing
to
his
friends
the
Letters
sent
him
by
Theophilus
and
Epiphanius
:
Hereupon
the
Clergy
,
and
the
Rich
and
Great
men
who
were
angry
with
him
for
the
reasons
aforesaid
,
perceiving
that
the
purpose
of
Theophilus
was
to
remove
John
from
his
Bishoprick
,
they
studyed
how
they
might
promote
the
same
,
and
so
far
prevailed
with
the
Emperour
,
A
Council
called
.
that
a
very
great
Council
was
summoned
to
meet
at
Constantinople
,
which
Theophilus
much
rejoycing
at
,
presently
commanded
all
the
Bishops
of
Egypt
to
repair
thither
:
He
wrote
also
to
Epiphanius
,
and
to
all
the
Eastern
Bishops
that
they
should
hasten
to
Constantinople
,
himself
following
them
.
Epiphanius
was
the
first
that
arrived
,
and
in
a
Town
near
to
Constantinople
he
went
into
the
Church
,
where
he
made
publike
Prayers
:
From
thence
going
to
the
City
,
John
with
all
his
Clergy
met
him
with
all
the
respect
that
might
be
:
but
Epiphanius
shewed
by
his
carriage
that
the
calumnies
raised
against
John
,
had
made
too
deep
an
impression
in
him
:
for
when
he
was
invited
to
the
Bishops
house
,
he
refued
to
go
in
,
and
shunned
to
have
any
society
with
John
:
Yea
moreover●calling
privately
together
such
Bishops
as
were
at
Constantinople
,
he
shewed
what
they
had
Decreed
against
the
Books
of
Origen
,
Origens
books
condemned
.
and
prevailed
with
some
to
give
their
suffrage
to
the
same
,
though
the
greater
part
protracted
the
doing
of
it
.
And
Theotinus●ishop
●ishop
of
●ythia
blamed
him
to
his
face
for
it
,
saying
that
it
was
altogether
unlawful
thus
to
condemn
a
man
that
was
dead
so
many
years
before
;
and
that
it
was
not
without
blasphemy
thus
to
calumniate
the
judgement
of
our
Ancestors
,
and
to
reject
those
things
which
they
had
Decreed
:
and
withall
plucking
forth
a
certain
Book
of
Origens
,
he
reads
part
of
it
,
and
shews
how
useful
and
profitable
it
was
for
the
Church
:
saying
further
,
they
that
discommend
these
things
,
shew
their
great
folly
,
and
it
s
to
be
feared
that
in
time
they
may
condemn
the
Scripture
it self
,
about
which
these
Books
are
written
.
Notwithstanding
these
things
,
Johns
meekness
.
John
did
much
reverence
Epiphanius
,
intreating
him
to
partake
with
him
both
in
his
House
and
Table
;
yea
and
in
the
Church
too
:
But
he
returned
answer
,
that
he
would
neither
come
into
his
House
,
nor
Communicate
with
him
at
Church
,
except
he
would
condemn
the
Books
of
Origen
,
and
drive
away
Dioscorus
with
the
rest
of
the
Monks
his
companions
:
John
thought
this
very
unequal
thus
to
drive
them
away
before
their
cause
was
heard
,
the
rather
because
he
had
appointed
a
Sacrament
in
the
Apostles
Church
.
Then
did
the
Enemies
of
John
suborn
Epiphanius
,
that
he
should
come
forth
in
publick
,
and
before
all
the
people
condemn
the
Books
of
Origen
with
Dioscorus
and
his
companions
for
holding
the
same
opinions
,
and
that
withall
he
should
tax
the
Bishop
John
for
favouring
of
them
:
The
design
of
these
men
which
thus
set
him
on
was
to
alienate
the
affections
of
the
people
from
their
Bishop
.
Accordingly
two
days
after
Epiphanius
went
to
the
Church
to
accomplish
these
things
:
at
which
time
John
hearing
of
his
purpose
,
sent
Scrapion
,
one
of
his
Presbyters
to
meet
him
,
and
to
protest
to
him
that
he
was
going
about
that
which
was
neither
just
nor
safe
for
himself
:
for
that
hereby
he
might
bring
himself
into
danger
if
any
Tumult
or
Sedition
should
arise
amongst
the
people
,
where
of
he
would
be
judged
the
Author
:
This
cooled
his
heat
,
and
made
him
desist
from
his
purpose
.
About
this
time
a
young
son
of
the
Emperours
fell
sick
,
whereupon
the
Empress
sent
to
Epiphanius
,
requesting
him
to
pray
for
him
▪
Epiphanius
answered
,
that
the
childe
should
live
,
and
do
well
,
if
she
would
forsake
Dioscorus
and
his
Heretical
Associates
.
Epiphanius
reproved
.
But
(
said
the
Emperess
)
I
leave
my
childe
in
the
hands
of
God
;
Let
him
do
with
him
as
he
pleaseth
;
he
gave
him
me
,
and
he
may
take
him
away
again
;
But
for
thy
part
,
if
thou
canst
raise
the
dead
,
why
didst
thou
suffer
thy
Arch-Deacon
Crispion
to
dye
,
who
was
so
dear
unto
thee
?
Shortly
after
Epiphanius
departed
towards
Cyprus
,
and
as
he
went
down
to
the
Haven
to
take
Shipping
,
Two
Predictions
.
he
said
to
John
,
I
hope
thou
shalt
never
dye
a
Bishop
:
And
John
answered
him
again
,
I
hope
thou
shalt
never
come
alive
into
thy
Country
:
Both
which
came
to
pass
:
Epiphanius
dying
by
the
way
in
the
Ship
,
and
John
being
deposed
and
banished
,
as
afterwards
we
shall
hear
.
After
the
departure
of
Epiphanius
,
Theophilus
came
to
Constantinople
;
but
none
of
the
City
Clergy
went
to
meet
and
entertain
him
,
because
they
knew
that
he
was
an
Enemy
to
their
Bishop
;
yet
some
Mariners
of
Alexandria
which
were
then
at
Constantinople
,
met
him
,
singing
songs
in
his
praise
,
and
so
he
went
to
the
Emperours
Palace
,
where
a
lodging
was
provided
for
him
:
He
also
cunningly
found
out
many
which
hated
John
,
and
were
ready
to
accuse
him
,
whereupon
he
went
to
Quercus
,
a
Suburb
of
Chalcedon
,
where
he
gathered
a
Council
,
and
there
again
condemned
the
Books
of
Origen
.
The
Council
also
sent
to
Constantinople
to
summon
John
,
and
some
of
his
Presbyters
to
appear
before
them
,
and
to
answer
to
such
things
as
should
be
objected
against
them
.
John
answered
,
that
he
refused
not
to
come
to
his
trial
,
if
first
he
might
know
his
Accusers
,
and
the
crime
objected
against
him
,
and
be
brought
before
a
free
Council
:
But
(
said
he
)
I
am
not
such
a
fool
as
to
appear
before
such
Bishops
as
are
my
professed
Enemies
,
and
to
suffer
them
to
be
my
Judges
:
Most
of
the
Bishops
were
much
incensed
at
this
answer
;
only
Demer●ius
and
some
few
that
favoured
John
departed
out
of
the
Council
:
Then
did
the
rest
cause
John
to
be
called
four
times
,
and
because
he
appeared
not
,
John
condemned
by
the
Council
unjustly
.
but
had
appealed
to
an
Oecumenical
Council
,
they
deposed
him
.
When
tidings
hereof
was
brought
to
Constantinople
,
the
whole
City
was
on
an
uproar
,
and
they
watched
his
house
all
night
,
lest
he
should
be
thrust
out
of
the
City
:
They
cryed
out
also
that
he
should
have
been
heard
before
a
fuller
Synod
:
But
the
Emperours
command
was
that
he
should
be
carryed
into
Exile
:
He
is
banished
Hereupon
John
the
third
day
after
his
deposition
about
noon
,
unknown
to
the
people
,
(
for
he
was
loth
there
should
be
any
ado
for
his
sake
)
yeelded
himself
into
the
hands
of
his
Adversaries
,
and
so
privately
went
away
;
This
being
known
,
the
people
were
all
in
a
Sedition
,
and
many
that
hated
him
before
,
changing
their
minds
pittied
his
case
:
yea
some
that
before
desired
to
see
his
deprivation
,
now
cryed
out
that
he
was
falsly
accused
,
and
craftily
dealt
withall
.
Many
cryed
out
against
the
Emperour
,
but
more
against
the
Council
,
and
most
of
all
against
Theophilus
,
whom
they
knew
to
be
the
Author
of
all
this
mischief
.
Hereupon
in
all
hast
,
the
Emperour
caused
John
to
be
sent
for
again
;
the
Messenger
was
an
Eunuch
of
the
Emperesses
,
And
recalled
.
who
found
him
at
Prenetum
,
a
Mart
Town
over
against
Nicomedia
,
and
brought
him
to
Constantinople
:
Yet
John
though
he
was
thus
brought
back
from
Exile
,
resolved
not
to
enter
into
the
City
till
his
innocency
was
cleared
,
and
he
were
acquitted
by
the
sentence
of
higher
Judges
,
and
thereupon
he
stayed
in
the
Suburb
called
Mariana
:
But
because
he
returned
not
into
the
City
the
people
fell
a
rayling
upon
the
Magistrates
,
which
necessitated
him
to
come
home
.
As
he
came
into
the
City
multitudes
of
people
met
him
,
brought
him
to
the
Church
with
great
rreverence
,
requested
him
to
continue
their
Bishop
,
and
thence
forward
after
the
usual
manner
to
pray
for
the
peace
and
prosperous
estate
of
the
Church
of
God
.
Shortly
after
a
Silver
Picture
of
Eudoxia
the
Empress
was
made
and
erected
upon
a
Marble
Pillar
near
to
the
Church
called
Wisdom
,
and
common
Plays
and
Shews
were
celebrated
at
the
same
time
:
and
John
believing
that
these
things
were
very
scandalous
and
dishonourable
to
the
Christian
Religion
,
not
forgetting
his
wonted
audacity
and
liberty
of
speech
,
His
sharp
reproof
.
sharply
reproved
the
Authors
and
Abettors
of
such
vanities
:
whereupon
the
Empress
applying
these
things
to
her self
,
and
supposing
that
they
were
spoken
in
disgrace
and
reproach
of
her
,
she
caused
another
Council
of
Bishops
to
be
called
together
against
him
.
Iohn
being
informed
hereof
,
in
his
Sermon
used
these
expressions
;
Herodias
rageth
afresh
,
stomacketh
anew
,
danceth
again
,
seeketh
the
head
of
John
in
a
Platter
,
which
Sermon
more
enraged
the
Empress
against
him
.
A
Council
summoned
.
Then
did
divers
Bishops
meet
together
,
as
Leontius
Bishop
of
Ancyra
in
Galatia
,
Ammonius
Bishop
of
Laodicea
,
Briso
Bishop
of
Philippi
,
Acatius
Bishop
of
Beraea
,
&c.
who
called
the
late
accusers
of
Iohn
before
them
,
to
accuse
him
again
:
Iohn
trusting
to
their
just
dealing
,
requested
only
that
the
accusations
against
him
might
be
equally
and
indifferently
examined
:
In
the
mean
time
the
Emperor
sent
Iohn
word
that
he
would
not
communicate
with
him
before
he
had
cleared
himself
from
the
crimes
laid
to
his
charge
:
But
the
accusers
being
stricken
with
shame
,
could
prove
nothing
;
so
that
the
Bishops
then
present
,
affirmed
that
they
ought
not
to
examine
any
other
offence
,
saving
whether
after
his
Deposition
he
had
not
of
himself
assumed
his
Bishoprick
again
of
himself
without
the
admission
of
a
Council
?
To
this
Iohn
answered
,
that
he
had
the
consent
of
fifty
Bishops
which
communicated
with
him
.
Leontius
replayed
that
there
were
more
against
him
.
Again
,
Iohn
said
that
that
Canon
belonged
not
to
their
Church
,
for
that
it
was
made
by
the
Arians
at
Antioch
against
Athanasius
:
But
they
making
no
account
of
this
answer
,
He
is
condemned
.
proceeded
to
pass
sentence
against
him
,
not
considering
that
they
which
were
Authors
of
this
Canon
,
were
also
Deposers
of
Athanasius
.
Upon
this
the
Emperour
sent
Iohn
word
that
he
had
no
Authority
to
go
into
the
Church
,
for
that
he
was
deposed
,
whereupon
he
kept
himself
in
his
house
;
Banished
.
till
by
the
Emperours
command
he
was
carryed
into
Exile
:
But
God
suffered
not
this
wickedness
to
go
long
unpunished
;
Gods
judgements
on
his
〈◊〉
.
for
Cyrinus
Bishop
of
Chalcedon
,
who
had
railed
upon
him
,
had
a
sore
brake
forth
in
his
Leg
,
so
that
he
was
forced
to
saw
it
off
,
yet
then
did
the
sore
grow
in
his
other
Leg
,
which
he
was
forced
to
cut
off
also
:
and
presently
after
so
great
a
hail
fell
in
the
Suburbs
of
Constantinople
,
as
the
like
was
never
seen
;
and
four
days
after
dyed
the
Empress
:
Iohn
was
carryed
to
Cucusus
in
Armenia
:
and
divers
Ministers
that
adhered
to
him
were
carryed
to
Chalcedon
,
and
there
cast
into
bonds
:
and
his
Enemies
going
about
Constantinople
,
sought
out
as
many
as
were
favourers
of
him
,
dragging
them
to
prison
,
and
forcing
them
to
curse
Ioh●
whilest
he
was
at
Cucusus
in
Armenia
grew
very
famous
;
for
having
much
money
sent
him
by
his
friends
,
His
charity
.
he
wholly
imployed
it
for
the
Redemption
of
Captives
,
and
for
the
relief
of
the
Poor
:
He
also
by
his
Ministry
gat
him
many
friends
,
so
that
he
had
great
resort
to
him
,
not
only
of
the
Armeniant
,
but
out
of
Syria
and
Cilicia
;
which
so
incensed
his
Enemies
at
Constantinople
,
that
they
gat
a
new
Order
from
the
Emperour
to
carry
him
to
far
remoter
parts
;
which
also
they
put
in
practice
:
but
by
the
way
,
he
being
grown
weak
,
and
not
able
to
endure
the
scorching
of
the
Sun
in
those
hot
Countries
,
His
death
.
made
an
end
of
his
Earthly
Pilgrimage
,
to
receive
his
Crown
in
Heaven
.
Chrysostom
was
so
stiled
ob
venustatem
Eloquii
,
Why
so
called
.
for
his
graceful
Eloquence
:
He
was
Disciple
to
Eusebius
:
of
an
admirable
wit
in
framing
his
Homilies
;
beloved
and
reverenced
of
all
men
:
Lying
abhorred
.
Sophronius
testifies
numquam
eum
mentitum
fuisse
,
&c.
that
he
never
told
Lye
,
never
cursed
any
,
never
spake
any
scurrilous
matter
,
and
never
admitted
of
vain
sports
:
His
style
was
neither
too
lofty
,
Preachers
pattern
.
nor
too
mean
,
but
fitted
to
the
profit
of
the
hearers
:
Holiness
and
Scholarship
are
joined
in
one
,
his
works
throughout
:
He
studyed
not
aures
titillare
,
but
corda
pungere
,
to
tickle
the
Ears
of
his
hearers
,
but
to
prick
and
ravish
their
hearts
:
He
used
to
tell
his
Auditors
,
That
they
were
not
only
to
learn
,
but
exercise
themselves
in
practising
and
searching
the
Scriptures
,
to
avoid
idleness
.
He
contemned
Riches
,
and
hated
vices
:
was
full
of
sweet
similitudes
:
Theodoret
styles
him
,
Eximium
orbis
terrarum
luminare
,
The
eminentest
light
of
the
whole
world
.
By
authority
from
the
Emperour
,
His
Zeal
.
he
imployed
some
to
throw
down
and
demolish
all
the
Idols
,
and
their
Temples
throughout
all
Phenice
;
and
reformed
all
the
Churches
in
Asia
,
stirring
up
the
Ministers
to
the
study
of
Piety
:
He
sent
many
Ministers
and
Deacons
into
Scythia
,
His
zeal
against
Heresie
.
which
was
over-run
by
the
Arian
Herefsie
,
reducing
many
thereby
to
the
Orthodox
Faith
.
Hearing
also
that
the
Scythian
Nomades
by
the
River
Isther
thirsted
after
the
knowledge
of
Christ
,
he
sent
some
to
bring
the
glad
tidings
of
the
Gospel
to
them
:
And
whereas
some
of
the
Marcionites
had
infected
the
parts
about
Ancyra
with
their
Errors
,
he
procured
an
Edict
from
the
Emperour
,
which
he
sent
to
the
Bishop
of
Ancyra
,
to
expel
them
out
of
their
places
:
Also
,
whereas
one
Gainas
a
great
man
in
Scytia
,
His
magnanimity
.
of
an
Insolent
and
Tyrannical
spirit
,
had
importuned
the
Emperour
for
a
Church
for
himself
and
his
followers
being
Arians
;
the
Emperour
acquainted
Chrysostom
with
it
,
telling
him
that
he
durst
not
say
him
nay
:
He
desired
to
speak
with
this
Gainas
before
the
Emperour
,
His
Courage
.
where
in
his
presence
he
so
daunted
the
proud
Tyrant
with
his
stout
and
resolute
speeches
,
that
he
caused
him
to
be
ashamed
of
his
request
,
and
to
be
content
without
it
:
Yea
,
he
afterwards
so
prevailed
with
Gainas
,
that
when
he
had
invaded
some
parts
of
the
Empire
,
he
brought
him
not
only
to
make
peace
with
the
Emperour
Arcadius
,
but
also
to
set
his
Prisoners
free
.
He
stoutly
told
Eudoxia
the
Empress
,
that
for
her
covetousness
she
would
be
called
a
second
Jezabel
:
she
thereupon
sent
him
a
threatning
message
,
to
which
he
answered
,
Go
tell
her
,
Nil●
nisi
peccatum
timeo
,
I
fear
nothing
but
sin
:
yet
when
she
,
confederating
with
some
others
his
Enemies
,
had
procured
his
banishment
into
Hieron
,
as
he
went
forth
of
the
City
,
he
said
,
None
of
these
things
trouble
me
;
but
I
said
within
my self
,
If
the
Queen
will
,
let
her
banish
me
;
The
Earth
is
the
Lords
and
the
fulness
thereof
:
if
she
will
,
let
her
saw
me
a
sunder
;
Isaiah
suffered
the
same
:
if
she
will
,
let
her
cast
me
into
the
Sea
,
I
will
remember
Ionah
:
if
she
will
,
let
her
cast
me
into
a
burning
fiery
Fornace
,
or
amongst
wilde
Beasts
;
the
three
Children
and
Daniel
were
so
dealt
with
:
if
she
will
,
let
her
stone
me
,
or
cut
off
my
head
;
I
have
S.
Steven
and
the
Baptist
my
blessed
companions
:
if
she
will
,
let
her
take
away
all
my
substance
;
Naked
came
I
out
of
my
mothers
womb
,
and
naked
shall
I
return
thither
again
.
He
was
so
beloved
,
that
on
a
time
when
he
was
like
to
be
silenced
,
the
people
cryed
out
,
Love
to
the
Ministry
.
Satius
est
ut
Sol
non
luceat
,
quàm
ut
non
doceat
Chrysostomus
,
We
had
better
want
the
shining
of
the
Sun
,
then
the
Preaching
of
Chrysostom
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
Meditations
.
Danger
of
riches
.
As
a
great
showr
of
rain
extinguisheth
the
force
of
fire
:
so
meditation
of
Gods
Word
puts
out
the
fire
of
lust
in
the
soul
:
And
as
a
Boat
over-laden
sinks
:
so
much
wealth
drowns
men
in
perdition
.
And
a
bulwark
of
Adamant
is
not
more
impregnable
,
His
love
.
then
the
Love
of
Brethrer
.
And
as
a
rock
,
though
windes
and
waves
beat
against
it
,
His
faith
.
is
unmovable
;
so
Faith
grounded
on
the
Rock
Christ
,
holds
out
in
all
temptations
,
and
spiritual
combats
.
His
Tenta●ion
.
And
the
Divels
first
assault
is
violent
;
resist
that
,
and
his
second
will
be
weaker
:
and
that
being
resisted
,
he
proves
a
coward
.
His
Works
were
printed
very
acurately
in
Greek
by
Sir
Henry
Savill
at
Eaton
Colledge
,
His
works
.
Anno
Christi
,
1613.
in
eight
Volumes
.
AVGVSTINVS
The
Life
of
Augustine
,
who
dyed
An.
Christi
430.
AVgustine
was
an
African
by
birth
of
Thagasta
,
His
birth
and
parentage
.
of
pious
parents
,
Patricius
and
Monica
,
who
by
breeding
their
son
in
Learning
much
weakned
their
estate
:
He
attained
to
singular
skill
in
the
liberal
Arts
,
wherein
he
was
much
holpen
by
the
bountiful
contribution
of
Romanian
,
a
Noble
Gentleman
:
In
his
youth
,
he
was
vitious
in
manners
,
and
erroneous
in
judgement
;
tainted
with
the
Error
of
the
Manichees
.
He
first
taught
Grammer
in
his
own
City
where
he
was
born
:
Then
Rhetorick
in
the
Regal
City
of
Carthage
;
Afterwards
he
went
to
Rome
,
and
from
thence
to
Millain
,
where
he
was
Tutor
to
Valentinian
the
Fifth
;
And
by
the
Doctrine
and
Wisdom
of
Ambrose
,
He
is
reclaimed
by
Ambrose
.
he
was
reduced
from
his
Error
,
and
Baptized
:
after
which
,
he
wholly
set
his
heart
to
seek
the
Lord
,
regarding
neither
honour
nor
riches
,
being
then
about
thirty
years
old
:
This
much
rejoyced
Monica
his
Mother
,
then
a
Widdow
,
who
was
more
glad
that
her
son
devoted
himself
to
the
Service
of
God
,
then
she
would
have
been
of
having
Grand-children
by
him
:
He
also
gave
over
reading
of
Rhetorick
,
leaving
his
Scholars
to
seek
them
a
new
Master
.
After
this
he
returned
into
Africa
,
Preachers
pattern
.
spent
his
time
in
Watchings
,
Fastings
,
and
Prayer
,
serveing
God
both
day
and
night
,
and
at
last
was
chosen
Minister
in
Hippo
,
where
he
Preached
both
by
Life
and
Doctrine
diligently
.
But
before
this
it
fell
out
that
a
certain
Great
man
at
Hippo
,
hearing
the
fame
of
Augustine
,
both
for
his
Life
and
Learning
,
was
very
desirous
to
see
and
speak
with
him
,
promising
to
himself
that
he
should
easily
be
perswaded
to
forsake
the
World
with
the
allurements
of
it
,
and
all
the
lusts
of
the
flesh
,
if
he
could
but
once
hear
the
Word
of
God
taught
by
him
:
which
when
Augustine
was
informed
of
by
faithful
witnesses
,
His
zeal
.
being
desirous
to
deliver
a
soul
from
the
perils
of
this
life
,
and
eternal
death
hereafter
,
he
hasted
to
Hippo
,
where
he
visited
and
often
preached
to
the
man
,
exhorting
him
to
remember
his
promise
,
and
to
perform
his
Vows
to
God
;
yet
he
deferred
the
performance
of
it
from
day
to
day
;
neither
did
Augustine
at
that
time
see
his
desires
accomplished
.
At
this
time
one
Valerius
was
Bishop
of
Hippo
,
who
(
the
necessity
of
the
Church
requiring
it
)
was
very
solicitous
to
procure
a
Minister
for
that
place
:
whereupon
when
the
Congregation
was
assembled
,
he
exhorted
and
perswaded
them
,
seeing
they
now
had
experience
of
the
Life
and
Doctrine
of
Augustine
,
to
make
choice
of
him
:
Augustine
not
suspecting
any
such
matter
,
was
present
amongst
them
.
Hereupon
the
people
laid
hold
of
him
,
and
presented
him
to
the
Bishop
,
all
of
them
with
one
heart
and
,
mouth
earnestly
desirng
that
he
might
be
their
Minister
.
His
humility
.
At
this
Augustine
wept
very
much
,
which
some
of
them
misinterpreting
,
laboured
to
comfort
him
,
saying
,
that
though
he
deserved
a
better
place
,
yet
being
called
to
the
Ministry
,
he
was
in
the
next
degree
to
a
Bishop
;
whereas
indeed
the
cause
of
his
weeping
was
,
because
he
foresaw
how
many
and
great
perils
hung
over
his
head
by
undertaking
the
Government
of
that
Church
:
Thus
being
made
a
Presbyter
for
that
place
,
He
is
made
a
Presbyter
in
Hippo.
he
associated
to
himself
some
others
which
might
live
with
him
according
to
the
example
of
the
Primitive
Church
,
having
all
things
in
common
.
Valerius
the
Bishop
being
a
very
godly
man
,
rejoyced
exceedingly
,
and
gave
thanks
to
God
for
answering
his
Prayers
,
by
such
a
special
Providence
sending
him
one
so
able
by
his
Doctrine
to
edifie
the
Church
of
Christ
:
and
this
he
did
the
rather
,
because
himself
being
by
Nation
a
Grecian
,
was
not
so
fit
nor
able
to
instruct
that
people
as
was
Augustine
;
and
contrary
to
the
use
and
custom
of
the
African
Churches
,
he
permitted
,
yea
urged
Augustine
often
to
Preach
in
his
own
presence
;
for
which
some
other
Bishops
reproached
him
:
But
this
Venerable
and
good
man
,
knowing
that
it
was
usual
in
the
Eastern
Churches
,
and
seeking
the
glory
of
God
and
the
good
of
the
People
,
regarded
not
the
reproaches
of
evil
tongues
,
whilest
his
Minister
did
that
which
himself
was
less
apt
and
fit
to
do
:
By
this
means
Augustine
like
a
bright
candle
set
in
a
candlestick
,
His
diligence
.
gave
light
to
all
that
were
in
the
house
.
The
fame
of
this
thing
flying
abroad
,
was
the
occasion
that
many
Presbyters
being
allowed
by
their
Bsishops
,
Preached
the
good
Word
of
God
to
the
People
in
the
Bishops
presence
.
At
this
time
the
Manichaean
Heresie
had
infected
many
,
both
Citizens
and
Strangers
in
the
City
of
Hippo
,
being
deceived
by
a
certain
Pestilent
Heretick
,
by
name
Fortunatus
,
a
Presbyter
,
remaining
in
that
City
:
Hereupon
many
of
those
Citizens
and
Strangers
,
both
Catholicks
and
Donatists
come
to
Augustine
,
requesting
him
to
confer
and
dispute
with
this
Manichaean
Presbyter
(
whom
they
judged
a
learned
man
)
about
his
opinions
:
who
willingly
imbraced
the
motion
,
being
ready
to
render
a
reason
of
the
Faith
,
and
Hope
that
was
in
him
,
to
every
one
that
should
ask
it
:
as
also
not
only
to
exhort
with
wholesome
word
of
sound
Doctrine
;
but
to
convince
the
gainsayers
:
But
he
enquired
whether
Fortunatus
,
was
willing
to
do
the
like
?
Hereupon
they
hasted
to
Fortunatus
,
exhorting
,
perswading
,
and
earnestly
intreating
him
to
imbrace
the
motion
.
But
truly
Fortunatus
was
very
fearful
to
encounter
with
Augustine
,
whom
he
had
formerly
known
at
Carthage
infected
with
the
same
Error
.
But
being
overcome
by
their
importunity
,
and
ashamed
to
decline
the
encounter
,
he
promised
to
give
Augustine
a
meeting
,
and
to
dispute
with
him
.
The
time
and
place
being
appointed
,
multitudes
flocked
to
it
;
publick
Notaries
were
appointed
to
write
down
what
passed
;
He
disputes
with
a
Donatist
.
the
Disputation
continued
two
days
:
the
event
was
that
this
Master
of
the
Manichees
was
neither
able
to
overthrow
the
Catholick
Faith
,
nor
to
defend
his
own
Erroneous
opinions
:
and
so
wanting
an
Answer
,
he
which
before
was
accounted
a
great
and
learned
man
,
was
now
judged
of
no
value
nor
ability
to
defend
his
Errors
;
which
did
so
fill
him
with
confusion
and
shame
,
that
presently
after
he
forsook
Hippo
,
and
never
after
returned
again
.
The
success
of
it
.
And
so
,
through
the
blessing
of
God
upon
Augustines
labors
,
many
who
before
were
infected
with
that
Error
,
were
reclaimed
,
and
imbraced
the
true
Catholick
Faith
.
Augustine
continued
to
Preach
the
Word
of
Truth
frequently
,
both
in
the
Church
and
from
house
to
house
,
His
zeal
against
Heresies
.
confuting
the
Heresies
of
the
times
,
especially
the
Donatists
,
Manichees
,
and
Pelagians
:
The
same
also
he
did
by
his
writings
,
the
Christians
wonderfully
admiring
and
rejoycing
in
it
:
so
that
through
Gods
blessing
the
Catholick
Church
in
Africk
began
to
lift
up
her
head
,
which
formerly
had
been
wonderfully
corrupted
and
dejected
by
reason
of
Hereticks
,
especially
through
the
Rebaptizings
of
the
Donatists
,
whereby
they
had
infected
and
seduced
many
.
Augustines
Books
also
and
Tractates
being
dispersed
,
filled
with
Learning
and
the
Authority
of
the
Holy
Scriptures
,
so
prevailed
through
the
Grace
of
God
,
that
not
only
the
Catholicks
,
but
many
Hereticks
flocked
to
Hippo
to
hear
him
:
and
every
one
that
could
write
,
or
get
others
to
do
it
for
them
,
wrote
forth
his
Notes
for
their
future
benefit
:
so
that
the
sweet
smell
of
the
Doctrine
of
Chirst
was
by
this
means
dispersed
all
over
Africk
,
which
the
Churches
beyond-Sea
hearing
of
much
rejoyced
therein
:
for
as
when
one
member
suffers
,
all
the
members
suffer
with
it
;
so
when
one
member
is
honoured
,
all
the
members
rejoyce
with
it
.
At
the
same
time
the
African
Bishops
holding
a
Synod
at
Hippo
,
He
disputes
in
a
Synod
.
by
their
command
Augustine
being
yet
but
a
Presbyter
disputed
before
them
of
Faith
,
and
the
Creed
,
which
he
performed
to
the
joy
of
them
all
,
especially
of
the
good
old
Bishop
Valerius
,
who
gave
much
thanks
to
God
for
his
mercy
vouchsafed
to
him
therein
:
and
fearing
least
some
other
City
which
wanted
a
Bishop
should
choose
Augustine
,
and
so
get
him
away
from
him
(
which
indeed
had
come
to
pass
unless
Valerius
hearing
of
it
,
had
caused
Augustine
to
go
to
another
place
,
and
there
hide
himself
,
so
that
when
they
sought
him
he
could
not
be
found
)
wherefore
this
good
old
man
,
fearing
the
like
again
,
and
finding
himself
much
weakned
by
Age
,
wrote
privately
to
the
Primate
of
Carthage
,
alleadging
the
weakness
of
his
body
,
and
the
infirmities
of
his
old
Age
,
and
therefore
desired
that
Augustine
might
be
made
his
Coadjutor
in
the
Bishoprick
of
Hippo
,
which
by
his
importunity
he
also
obtained
:
So
that
the
Primate
coming
to
visit
the
Church
of
Hippo
,
and
bringing
some
other
Bishops
with
him
,
Valerius
before
them
all
,
and
before
all
the
people
which
were
assembled
together
,
declared
publickly
his
desire
;
which
they
all
approved
very
well
of
,
and
the
People
earnestly
desired
that
it
might
be
effected
:
but
Augustine
refused
the
Bishoprick
,
being
contrary
to
the
custom
of
the
Church
whilest
his
own
Bishop
lived
.
But
many
perswaded
him
that
it
was
not
such
an
unusual
thing
,
producing
many
examples
both
of
the
forreign
and
African
Churches
for
it
,
He
is
made
Bishop
of
Hippo.
so
that
he
was
forced
to
yeeld
his
consent
,
and
was
ordained
to
the
charge
of
the
Bishoprick
.
And
when
he
was
thus
ordained
a
Bishop
he
Preached
the
Word
of
Life
more
frequently
,
fervently
,
and
with
greater
authority
then
he
did
before
,
and
that
not
only
in
his
own
City
and
Country
,
but
in
all
places
where
he
was
requested
,
whereby
the
Church
of
God
exceedingly
encreased
:
Many
also
of
the
Donatists
frequented
his
Sermons
,
took
Notes
,
and
carryed
them
to
their
Bishops
,
which
when
they
had
read
,
they
used
to
contradict
;
but
they
that
carryed
them
,
either
answered
them
themselves
,
or
else
carryed
their
answers
to
Augustine
who
with
much
meekness
and
gentleness
confirmed
the
Truth
,
and
reselled
their
Errors
.
He
also
wrote
many
private
Letters
to
the
Bishops
and
many
principal
Laymen
of
the
Donatists
,
admonishing
and
exhorting
them
that
they
would
either
reform
their
Errors
,
or
come
to
a
publick
Disputation
:
but
they
,
distrusting
their
own
cause
,
would
never
write
back
to
him
again
,
but
being
enraged
with
anger
,
used
to
exclaim
against
,
and
both
publickly
and
privately
to
rail
upon
Augustine
as
a
deceiver
of
souls
,
and
that
as
a
Wolf
he
ought
to
be
slain
in
defence
of
the
Flock
,
and
without
all
shame
,
The
malice
of
the
Schismaticks
.
neither
fearing
God
nor
men
,
they
proclaimed
that
whosoever
would
murther
him
should
without
all
doubt
have
all
their
sins
remitted
unto
them
.
These
Donatists
had
in
their
Churches
a
perverse
and
violent
kinde
of
men
,
who
went
up
and
down
under
the
pretence
of
chastity
,
The
Circumcellians
.
who
were
called
Circumcelliones
;
and
there
were
very
great
numbers
of
these
who
were
dispersed
through
all
the
Regions
of
Africk
:
These
being
instructed
by
evill
Teachers
,
were
so
inflamed
with
Pride
,
and
grew
to
such
audacious
boldness
,
that
many
times
they
neither
spared
their
own
nor
other
men
,
requiring
them
to
do
things
against
all
right
and
reason
;
and
if
any
one
opposed
them
,
he
was
sure
either
to
be
soundly
beaten
,
or
basely
murthered
by
them
,
they
being
usually
armed
with
sundry
weapons
,
raging
up
and
down
through
Villages
and
Countries
,
having
no
fear
to
shed
blood
.
But
whilst
the
Word
of
God
was
diligently
Preached
,
and
Peace
was
endeavoured
to
be
held
with
these
haters
of
Peace
,
they
committed
many
acts
of
hostility
:
And
whilst
the
Truth
was
made
known
against
their
Erroneous
opinions
,
they
which
were
Lovers
of
Truth
shunned
their
society
,
and
endeavoured
to
preserve
the
unity
of
Truth
in
the
bond
of
Peace
.
They
persecute
the
Orthodox
,
especially
Ministers
.
Hence
it
came
to
pass
that
these
men
,
seeing
their
number
to
be
deminished
,
and
envying
the
encrease
of
the
Church
,
being
incensed
with
extream
anger
,
raised
intolerable
persecutions
against
the
true
members
of
Jesus
Christ
,
often
setting
upon
the
godly
Ministers
both
by
night
and
day
,
and
many
times
robbing
them
of
all
they
had
;
and
not
contented
therewith
they
often
murthered
them
:
and
often
threw
Lime
and
Vinegar
into
their
Eyes
to
blinde
them
:
for
which
cause
these
Rebaptizing
Donatists
grew
hateful
to
their
own
Disciples
:
So
that
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
the
Word
of
God
prevailed
the
more
in
Hippo
by
the
Ministry
of
Augustine
and
his
Colleagues
:
and
the
fame
thereof
spreading
abroad
,
many
Cities
sent
to
chuse
their
Bishops
out
of
that
Society
,
which
exceeding●y
conduced
towards
the
furtherance
of
the
Peace
of
the
Church
.
He
Preached
and
writ
also
very
learnedly
against
the
Donatists
,
Pelagians
,
and
other
Hereticks
,
whereby
the
African
Churches
recovered
their
ancient
splendor
.
He
went
not
so
willingly
to
a
Feast
as
to
a
conference
to
reduce
any
that
erred
.
He
would
not
receive
gifts
to
the
Church
from
those
which
had
poor
kindred
of
their
own
.
Augustines
Books
also
being
dispersed
,
and
some
of
them
translated
into
Greek
,
and
sent
beyond-Sea
into
the
Eastern
Churches
,
were
means
of
very
much
good
.
But
these
things
so
much
the
more
enraged
the
Circumcellions
,
insomuch
as
when
The
malice
of
Schismaticks
.
Augustine
went
abroad
to
Preach
to
and
visit
his
Churches
,
which
he
frequently
used
to
do
,
they
often
lay
in
wait
for
him
by
the
way
to
have
murthered
him
,
and
had
certainly
one
time
effected
it
,
but
that
the
person
who
was
his
guide
,
by
a
special
Providence
of
God
mistook
his
way
,
and
so
led
him
by
a
By-way
to
the
place
,
A
special
providence
.
whereby
he
escaped
their
hands
,
as
afterwards
came
to
his
knowledge
,
for
which
he
praised
God
as
his
only
deliverer
:
But
these
men
in
the
mean
time
neither
spared
Ministers
nor
Lay-men
.
One
notable
example
we
have
of
their
wickedness
which
is
not
be
passed
over
in
silence
:
One
of
Augustines
Society
being
called
to
be
Bishop
at
Calamen
,
was
very
careful
to
propagate
the
Truth
,
and
to
beat
down
Heresies
:
but
whilst
he
was
going
from
Town
to
Town
about
this
business
,
The
cruelty
of
Schismaticks
.
he
fell
into
the
hands
of
the
Rebaptizing
Donatists
who
lay
in
wait
for
him
;
these
men
took
away
the
Beasts
both
from
him
and
his
company
,
and
all
their
necessaries
,
beating
the
Bishop
very
cruelly
:
Hereupon
the
Proconsul
being
made
acquainted
with
it
,
sent
for
Crispin
the
Bishop
of
the
Donatists
in
that
place
,
and
set
a
fine
upon
him
according
to
the
wholesom
Laws
made
against
Hereticks
.
But
Crispin
denyed
himself
to
be
an
Heretick
;
whereupon
a
Disputation
was
appointed
at
Carthage
between
these
two
Bishops
,
which
was
to
be
in
the
presence
of
Augustine
,
and
the
Eyes
of
all
Africk
were
fixed
upon
the
event
of
it
:
To
be
brief
,
the
Bishops
met
,
and
after
three
days
Disputation
Crispin
was
overthrown
,
and
by
the
Proconsul
was
adjudged
and
condemned
for
an
Heretick
:
but
he
not
standing
to
this
sentence
,
appealed
to
the
Emperour
,
who
patiently
heard
all
the
cause
,
and
at
last
concluded
that
the
Donatists
were
Hereticks
,
The
Donatists
condemned
for
Hereticks
.
that
they
ought
not
to
be
suffered
in
any
Publick
places
,
and
that
the
Laws
against
Hereticks
should
be
put
in
Execution
against
them
:
whereupon
Crispin
was
fined
in
two
pounds
of
Gold
:
But
the
Catholick
Bishops
,
and
especially
Augustine
so
prevailed
with
the
godly
Emperour
that
the
rigour
of
his
sentence
was
taken
from
them
:
which
Piety
and
Charity
of
theirs
much
conduced
to
the
encrease
of
the
Church
.
Not
long
after
there
was
a
Council
held
at
Carthage
by
the
appointment
of
the
good
Emperour
Honorius
,
A
Council
at
Carthage
.
who
sent
thither
a
Tribune
and
a
Publick
Notary
to
supply
his
own
place
:
This
Council
consisted
of
the
Bishops
both
Catholicks
and
Donatists
:
wherein
the
Donatists
being
heard
to
the
full
whatsoever
they
could
say
for
the
defence
of
their
opinions
,
were
fully
confuted
by
the
Catholicks
,
and
condemned
for
their
Errors
,
and
by
the
Emperours
Judge
were
declared
to
be
Hereticks
:
Their
Persecutions
also
against
the
Catholicks
were
declared
even
to
the
cutting
off
their
members
,
and
taking
away
of
their
Lives
to
the
great
disturbance
of
the
Peace
of
the
Church
:
But
after
this
Council
was
dissolved
,
many
of
their
friends
reported
that
they
were
not
suffered
to
speak
all
they
could
for
themselves
and
their
cause
,
because
that
the
Judge
appointed
by
the
Emperour
was
too
favourable
to
the
Catholicks
:
which
yet
appeared
to
be
but
a
poor
shift
to
excuse
the
weakness
of
their
cause
,
seeing
that
they
knew
him
to
be
a
Catholick
before
the
Disputation
began
,
and
yet
never
excepted
against
him
.
Not
long
after
there
was
another
Council
assembled
at
Caesarea
,
A
Council
at
Caesarea
.
a
chief
City
in
Mauritania
,
for
the
setling
of
other
affairs
of
the
Church
.
In
this
City
was
Emeritas
the
Bishop
of
the
Donatists
,
a
chief
defender
of
his
Sect
,
and
one
whom
they
most
relyed
upon
:
Him
therefore
Augustine
singled
out
,
and
in
the
Publick
Congregation
challenged
him
,
desiring
him
now
to
produce
what
he
had
further
to
say
for
his
Opinions
,
seeing
his
friends
gave
out
that
formerly
he
could
not
be
suffered
to
do
it
at
Carthage
;
but
now
he
had
full
liberty
and
security
being
in
his
own
City
,
and
environed
with
his
friends
;
Notwithstanding
which
,
neither
by
this
Exhortation
of
Augustine
,
neither
by
the
instant
request
of
his
Parents
and
Friends
could
he
be
perswaded
to
it
,
though
they
told
him
that
they
would
all
be
of
his
Communion
,
though
they
lost
their
Estates
,
or
underwent
any
other
temporal
punishment
,
if
he
could
overthrow
the
Catholick
assertions
:
yet
nothing
would
prevail
with
him
,
having
indeed
nothing
to
say
more
then
he
had
spoken
before
:
which
distrust
of
his
cause
,
through
Gods
mercy
,
turned
to
the
great
advantage
of
the
Church
,
which
was
much
encreased
and
confirmed
hereby
.
At
another
time
at
Carthage
many
Manichees
being
brought
before
him
,
Manichees
converted
.
of
those
whom
they
called
Elect
men
,
and
Elect
women
,
Augustine
who
had
formerly
known
that
execrable
Sect
,
produced
their
damnable
blasphemies
out
of
their
own
Books
,
and
at
length
brought
them
to
an
acknowledgement
of
their
blasphemies
:
and
those
Elect
women
also
confessed
what
filthy
things
had
been
(
according
to
their
customs
)
committed
amongst
them
:
all
which
things
exceedingly
redounded
to
the
benefit
of
the
Church
,
and
to
the
securing
of
the
flock
against
such
thieves
.
There
was
also
a
certain
Noble
man
called
Pascentius
an
Arian
,
The
craft
of
an
Arian
.
by
whose
authority
the
tribute
was
exacted
with
much
rigour
,
the
Catholick
Faith
was
much
opposed
,
and
many
godly
Ministers
were
much
molested
and
troubled
;
Augustine
coming
to
Carthage
where
he
was
,
profered
to
dispute
with
him
in
the
presence
of
many
Noble
men
:
But
this
Heretick
,
though
he
accepted
the
challenge
,
would
by
no
means
suffer
any
thing
to
be
written
which
passed
betwixt
them
:
his
pretence
was
,
least
that
which
was
written
might
be
made
use
of
against
him
to
his
prejudice
because
of
the
Law
:
Hereupon
Augustine
consented
privately
to
dispute
with
him
without
Notaries
;
yet
withall
foretelling
that
after
the
Disputation
every
one
would
take
liberty
to
make
what
reports
they
pleased
of
things
never
spoken
,
because
there
was
nothing
set
down
in
writing
to
refel
them
.
Augustine
in
the
conference
declared
his
Faith
and
Judgement
,
requiring
an
account
of
the
same
from
the
other
;
by
Arguments
and
Authority
of
the
Scriptures
he
confirmed
his
own
,
and
refelled
the
Errors
of
the
other
;
which
so
enraged
him
that
he
brake
up
the
conference
,
Hereticks
,
Lyars
.
and
when
he
was
departed
,
he
falsly
reported
that
he
had
overcome
Augustine
,
and
scattered
abroad
many
such
lyes
;
which
coming
to
the
Ears
of
Augustine
,
he
was
compelled
to
write
to
Pascontius
,
and
therein
to
set
down
all
the
passages
of
the
conference
,
which
if
he
should
deny
,
he
was
able
to
produce
many
witnesses
for
the
proof
thereof
both
worthy
and
Honorable
men
,
who
were
then
present
:
But
he
being
thus
twice
written
to
by
Augustine
scarce
returned
a
single
answer
,
wherein
also
he
rather
railed
,
then
asserted
his
Opinions
.
Also
when
the
Goths
came
into
Africk
,
there
came
along
with
them
one
Maximus
an
Arian
Bishop
,
Augustine
con●utes
an
Arian
.
who
coming
to
Hippo
,
at
the
earnest
request
of
many
godly
and
eminent
men
,
and
in
their
presence
Augustine
entred
into
the
Lists
with
him
,
having
Notaries
to
write
down
all
that
passed
betwixt
them
:
His
Adversary
shewed
more
subtilty
then
solidity
,
but
the
Truth
prevailed
:
yet
this
impudent
Heretick
when
he
was
returned
to
Carthage
amongst
his
own
Sectaries
,
lyingly
boasted
that
he
came
away
with
the
Victory
:
whereupon
Augustine
was
enforced
to
publish
in
writing
a
Narrative
of
the
whole
Disputation
with
all
the
Objections
and
Answers
,
withall
shewing
wherein
Maximus
failed
,
and
to
what
Arguments
he
was
able
to
give
no
Answer
.
He
took
great
pains
also
by
the
space
of
ten
years
against
the
Pelagians
,
His
zeal
aginst
Pelagians
.
who
were
subtle
Disputants
,
publishing
their
Heresies
by
a
very
cunning
way
,
and
endeavouring
to
propagate
them
not
only
in
Publick
but
from
house
to
house
:
Against
these
Augustine
wrote
many
Books
,
and
often
disputed
with
them
in
the
Congregation
,
both
to
reduce
them
,
and
preserve
others
from
the
infection
of
their
Errors
.
He
was
the
Author
also
of
calling
many
Councils
in
Africk
against
them
,
who
wrote
to
the
Bishop
of
Rome
that
that
Heresie
was
abominable
,
and
to
be
condemned
by
all
that
adhered
to
the
Catholick
Faith
:
whereupon
the
godly
Emperour
Honorius
taking
cognizance
of
it
,
condemned
it
by
his
Laws
,
and
appointed
the
holders
of
it
to
be
reckoned
amongst
the
Hereticks
;
whereby
many
of
them
forsaking
their
Errors
,
returned
to
the
true
Church
again
.
Thus
was
this
holy
man
of
God
Augustine
very
solicitous
about
,
and
careful
of
the
safety
of
the
whole
Church
;
and
truly
God
gave
him
much
comfort
and
occasion
of
rejoycing
in
the
fruit
of
his
labors
even
in
this
life
:
The
success
of
his
Ministry
.
First
in
Hippo
and
the
Country
thereabouts
,
which
was
more
immediately
under
his
charge
,
the
Churches
thereof
enjoying
much
Unity
and
Peace
:
Then
in
other
more
remote
parts
of
Africk
,
which
either
by
his
labors
,
or
by
the
labors
of
such
of
his
Society
as
were
called
forth
to
be
Bishops
and
Ministers
in
other
places
,
were
very
much
established
in
the
Truth
;
many
Manichees
,
Donatists
,
Pelagians
,
and
Pagans
being
converted
from
their
Errors
,
and
rejoycing
that
they
were
now
made
Members
of
the
true
Church
.
His
patience
.
He
was
very
patient
towards
all
men
:
he
bore
with
the
infirmities
of
the
weak
,
mourned
for
the
sins
of
the
wicked
,
both
of
such
as
were
within
and
without
the
Church
,
rejoycing
when
any
were
gained
to
the
Lord
,
and
weeping
when
any
were
lost
.
His
great
labors
.
So
many
things
were
dictated
and
published
by
him
,
so
many
Disputations
held
in
the
Church
,
so
many
things
written
against
Hereticks
,
and
so
many
Books
of
Sacred
Scripture
expounded
by
him
for
the
edification
of
the
godly
,
that
a
studious
man
all
his
life
long
can
scarcely
know
and
read
over
.
And
knowing
the
duty
imposed
by
Saint
Paul
,
1
Cor.
6.
1
,
&c.
of
endeavouring
to
decide
Controversies
,
he
was
very
forward
whensoever
he
was
requested
either
by
Christians
,
or
by
men
of
any
other
Sect
to
compromise
and
decide
their
Controversies
,
with
much
patience
and
prudence
hearing
both
parties
,
that
so
he
might
pass
a
righteous
sentence
;
and
that
he
might
the
more
fully
take
cognizance
of
the
cause
,
he
used
sometime
to
spend
a
whole
day
fasting
to
hear
the
same
,
always
taking
advantage
thereby
to
do
what
possible
good
he
could
to
their
souls
,
like
a
good
Steward
Preaching
the
Word
in
season
,
out
of
season
,
Exhorting
,
Instructing
and
Reproving
with
all
long
suffering
and
Doctrine
,
endeavouring
to
instruct
the
Ignorant
,
and
to
quicken
those
that
were
remiss
in
the
way
to
Heaven
.
Many
Letters
he
wrote
to
such
as
sought
to
him
for
counsel
and
direction
in
their
secular
affairs
:
But
this
he
thought
a
trouble
to
him
,
and
hinderance
from
better
imployments
,
and
therefore
he
always
thought
best
of
those
who
would
either
write
or
speak
to
him
about
Heavenly
businesses
.
He
seldom
was
absent
from
the
Councils
which
were
often
held
in
divers
Provinces
,
yet
always
seeking
therein
the
things
which
were
of
God
,
His
humility
.
and
not
his
own
advantage
:
His
endeavour
was
that
the
Faith
of
the
Holy
Catholick
Church
might
be
preserved
inviolate
:
that
such
Ministers
as
were
unjustly
Excommunicate
might
be
absolved
:
that
such
as
were
wicked
and
obstinate
might
be
cast
out
.
In
the
Ordination
of
Ministers
he
always
judged
that
the
consent
of
the
godly
should
concur
in
it
,
and
that
the
custom
of
the
Church
should
not
be
violated
.
Upon
a
time
Augustine
,
A
special
Providence
.
forgetting
the
Argument
which
he
first
proposed
to
pro●ecute
,
fell
upon
a
confutation
of
the
Manichees
:
and
one
Firmus
a
rich
Merchant
,
and
a
Manichee
,
hearing
him
,
was
so
convinced
,
that
he
came
to
him
after
,
and
with
tears
,
on
his
knees
,
confessed
his
Errors
,
and
promised
Reformation
.
Also
one
Felix
a
Manichee
,
coming
to
Hippo
to
spread
his
Heresie
,
in
a
Disputation
with
Augustine
after
the
third
time
,
was
so
convinced
,
that
he
recanted
his
Errors
,
and
was
joined
to
the
Church
.
He
was
termed
Hereticorum
Malleus
,
The
hammer
against
Hereticks
.
He
won
also
many
Pagans
to
embrace
the
Truth
.
He
took
much
pains
in
ending
disferences
.
His
Apparel
was
neither
sumptuous
nor
sordid
:
His
humility
.
his
Diet
usually
was
Broth
and
Roots
,
(
He
used
to
say
,
Non
ego
immunditiam
obsonii
timeo
,
sed
immunditiam
cupid●tatis
.
Scio
enim
Noe
omne
genus
carnis
quod
cibo
esset
usui
m●nducare
permissum
,
&
Heliam
Cibo
carnis
refectum
,
&c
)
Though
for
his
Guests
and
sick-folks
,
he
had
better
:
His
Dishes
for
his
meat
were
of
Earth
or
Wood
,
or
Marble
:
His
Table
rather
for
Discourse
and
Disputation
then
for
rich
Banqueting
,
and
it
had
Ingraven
upon
it
,
Quisquis
amat
dictis
absentem
rodere
famam
,
Hanc
mensam
indictam
noverit
esse
sibi
.
He
that
doth
love
an
absent
friend
to
jeer
,
May
hence
depart
,
no
room
is
for
him
heer
.
Which
rule
some
of
his
Fellow
Bishops
upon
a
time
forgetting
,
he
sharply
reprehended
them
for
it
,
and
told
them
that
he
must
either
blot
those
Verses
out
of
his
Table
,
or
arise
from
dinner
,
and
go
to
his
chamber
.
He
would
never
buy
either
House
or
Land
:
but
any
thing
that
was
given
to
the
Church
he
would
not
refuse
it
:
His
prudence
.
yet
he
often
refused
Inheritances
,
when
dying
persons
would
have
given
them
to
the
Church
;
not
but
that
he
thought
the●
might
be
profitable
to
the
Poor
:
but
because
he
judged
it
fit
and
equal
that
their
Children
,
Parents
,
or
Kindred
should
rather
inherit
them
:
often
saying
,
that
it
was
fitter
that
Legacies
should
be
left
to
the
Church
then
Inheritances
,
which
are
troublesome
,
and
sometimes
chargeable
;
yet
those
Legacies
he
would
have
freely
given
,
and
not
begged
or
extorted
from
men
.
He
was
almost
wholly
taken
up
with
heavenly
affairs
,
wherein
he
labored
both
day
and
night
,
with
Mary
,
choosing
the
better
part
,
which
could
not
be
taken
from
him
.
His
charity
.
He
was
very
careful
of
the
Poor
,
and
in
case
of
great
want
would
●ell
the
Ornaments
of
the
Church
for
their
relief
.
And
when
the
Church
stock
was
spent
,
he
used
to
declare
to
the
people
,
that
he
had
nothing
left
wherewith
to
relieve
the
Poor
,
that
thereby
he
might
stir
up
their
charity
to
contribute
to
so
good
a
work
.
All
his
Presbyters
lived
with
him
in
the
same
House
,
fed
with
him
at
the
same
Table
,
and
were
maintained
and
clothed
out
of
the
common
purse
.
He
always
judged
it
fit
that
Ministers
should
be
present
at
Marriages
,
both
to
testifie
the
mutual
consents
and
compromises
,
and
to
bestow
his
Benediction
upon
the
married
persons
.
He
always
kept
Scholars
in
his
house
,
whom
he
fed
and
clothed
.
He
was
so
severe
against
Oaths
,
that
he
abated
of
their
allowance
to
those
that
swore
.
Oaths
.
He
never
admitted
women
into
his
house
,
though
of
his
own
kindred
;
no
not
his
own
Sister
when
she
was
a
Widdow
,
and
had
wholly
devoted
her self
to
the
Service
of
God
;
nor
his
Uncles
daughter
;
nor
his
Brothers
daughter
;
saying
,
that
though
they
might
dwell
in
his
house
without
suspition
;
yet
they
could
not
be
without
Maids
,
or
other
Women
would
come
to
visit
them
,
which
could
not
be
without
offence
and
scandal
;
and
when
any
Women
sent
to
him
,
being
desirous
to
see
or
speak
with
him
,
he
would
always
have
some
of
his
Ministers
present
,
and
would
never
speak
with
them
alone
.
He
praised
one
,
who
when
he
was
sick
said
;
I
have
not
lived
so
,
that
I
am
ashamed
to
live
longer
;
nor
do
I
fear
to
dye
,
having
so
good
a
Master
to
go
to
.
In
his
latter
days
he
looked
over
all
his
Books
:
Those
which
he
wrote
at
his
first
Conversion
whilst
he
was
a
Lay-man
,
and
those
which
he
wrote
when
he
was
a
Minister
;
and
lastly
,
those
which
he
wrote
when
he
was
a
Bishop
;
and
whatsoever
he
found
in
them
less
agreeing
with
the
Word
of
God
,
and
the
Ecclesiastical
Constitutions
,
he
corrected
,
or
retracted
:
Of
which
he
wrote
two
Volumes
,
His
Retractations
.
which
he
called
his
Retractations
.
He
complained
also
that
some
Ministers
had
gotten
and
divulged
some
of
his
Books
,
before
he
had
perfected
them
,
though
afterwards
he
amended
them
.
Yet
being
prevented
by
death
he
left
some
of
his
Books
unperfected
.
His
works
.
And
being
desirous
to
profit
all
,
knowing
that
many
were
desirous
to
read
much
,
which
yet
for
want
of
time
they
could
not
do
,
out
of
the
Old
and
New
Testament
he
collected
such
Precepts
as
concerned
the
rule
of
a
Christian
Life
;
and
such
things
as
were
forbidden
in
the
same
;
which
he
composed
into
a
Book
,
adding
a
Preface
to
it
,
that
so
every
one
which
pleased
might
read
it
,
and
thereby
discern
how
obedient
or
disobedient
he
was
unto
God
;
and
this
he
called
A
Looking-Glass
.
But
shortly
after
brake
out
(
by
the
permission
of
God
)
that
hideous
inundation
of
Goths
and
Vandals
,
and
other
Northern
people
,
The
coming
of
the
Goths
into
Africk
.
who
were
ensis
Dei
,
Gods
sword
to
punish
the
pride
of
the
Romane
Empire
.
These
sailing
out
of
Spain
arrived
in
Africk
,
over-running
the
whole
Country
of
Mauritania
and
other
African
Provinces
and
Countries
,
laying
all
waste
before
them
,
and
destroying
all
they
could
with
barbarous
cruelty
and
inhumanity
,
filling
all
places
with
torments
of
all
sorts
,
Their
horrible
cruelties
.
See
more
of
it
in
my
General
Martyrology
.
murthers
,
burnings
,
and
with
innumerable
and
abominable
depopulations
,
sparing
neither
sex
nor
age
;
no
not
the
Ministers
of
Jesus
Christ
:
The
Churches
Ornaments
they
plundered
,
the
Churches
themselves
they
demolished
,
and
like
incarnate
Devils
made
havock
of
all
.
This
holy
man
of
God
lived
to
see
these
grievous
calamities
,
and
was
not
affected
with
them
only
as
other
men
were
:
but
considering
them
more
deeply
and
profoundly
,
and
in
them
foreseeing
the
great
danger
of
souls
,
he
poured
forth
Prayers
and
tears
day
and
night
.
For
he
saw
Cities
subverted
,
Villages
destroyed
;
the
Inhabitants
being
either
slain
or
driven
away
:
Churches
destitute
of
Ministers
:
holy
Virgins
defloured
;
some
of
them
dying
under
their
torments
;
some
slain
with
the
sword
;
some
led
into
captivity
,
in
danger
of
having
their
souls
infected
with
Error
and
Heresie
,
and
their
bodies
enslaved
under
a
cruel
Enemy
.
He
saw
the
Psalms
of
Thanksgiving
ceased
in
the
Congregations
:
the
Temples
burned
:
and
the
solemn
Assemblies
to
be
given
over
:
The
Sacraments
either
not
to
be
sought
after
;
or
none
to
dispense
them
to
those
that
desired
them
:
And
for
those
which
fled
into
Mountains
,
Woods
,
Desarts
,
Caves
of
the
Earth
,
or
to
any
other
places
of
refuge
,
they
were
either
hunted
out
and
slain
,
or
perished
with
famine
and
drought
.
The
Bishops
and
Ministers
of
Churches
,
(
which
had
by
the
goodness
of
●od
)
escaped
their
bloody
hands
,
being
spoiled
of
all
things
,
went
about
begging
their
bread
.
He
scarce
saw
of
all
the
innumerable
Churches
of
Africk
,
three
remaining
,
viz.
Carthage
,
Hippo
,
and
Circe
,
which
through
Gods
mercy
yet
remained
in
some
safety
:
though
not
long
after
his
death
Hippo
being
sorsaken
of
her
Inhabitants
,
Augustine
dies
before
the
taking
of
Hippo.
was
burned
by
the
Enemy
.
These
things
this
good
man
much
bewailed
;
and
that
which
much
encreased
his
sorrow
was
,
that
just
now
the
Enemies
were
coming
to
besiege
Hippo
,
the
Governor
whereof
was
one
Earl
Boniface
.
This
siege
lasted
fourteen
moneths
,
wherein
Augustine
with
his
fellow
Bishops
that
were
fled
thither
for
refuge
,
and
his
Presbyters
,
exercised
themselves
wholly
in
Prayers
and
Tears
,
intreating
the
Father
of
Mercies
to
be
merciful
to
them
,
and
to
preserve
his
Church
from
the
rage
of
the
Adversaries
.
And
one
day
as
they
sate
at
dinner
together
,
Augustine
said
to
them
;
You
know
Brethren
,
that
from
the
beginning
of
this
siege
,
my
daily
Prayers
have
been
,
that
God
would
either
free
us
from
it
,
or
give
his
servants
patience
and
courage
to
undergo
what
he
imposeth
,
or
to
take
me
out
of
this
present
evil
World
;
His
faith
.
and
I
believe
that
God
will
answer
my
desire
,
And
indeed
accordingly
in
the
third
moneth
of
the
siege
he
fell
sick
of
a
Feaver
,
which
proved
his
last
sickness
;
neither
would
God
defraud
his
servant
of
the
fruit
of
his
Prayers
;
The
power
of
his
prayers
.
And
indeed
he
was
very
powerful
in
Prayers
,
so
that
sometimes
thereby
he
hath
cast
out
Devils
,
and
restored
sick
men
to
their
health
.
His
death
.
His
Feaver
proved
so
violent
,
that
he
dyed
in
the
same
third
moneth
of
the
siege
.
In
his
sickness
he
breathed
forth
most
pious
ejaculations
:
His
poverty
.
He
made
no
Will
,
having
nothing
to
bestow
,
but
only
Books
upon
several
Libraries
.
He
dyed
Aged
76.
Anno
Christi
430.
having
been
a
Minister
40
years
.
It
's
written
of
him
,
that
after
his
first
Conversion
to
the
Faith
he
was
grievously
vexed
with
inward
conflicts
against
his
corrupt
affections
,
complaining
of
his
inward
,
hereditary
,
habitual
,
inveterate
vices
;
and
after
long
strugling
with
them
by
purposes
,
vows
,
strong
resolutions
,
watching
,
fasting
,
self-revenge
,
and
other
good
means
,
finding
still
his
own
weakness
,
and
the
encreasing
violence
of
his
corruptions
,
as
he
was
intentively
musing
and
meditating
what
to
do
more
,
he
heard
a
voice
saying
,
In
te
stas
,
&
non
stas
;
whereupon
rightly
apprehending
that
his
own
strength
of
wit
,
carnal
reason
,
and
other
powers
and
helps
of
nature
could
not
serve
the
turn
for
the
effecting
of
that
which
was
the
proper
and
peculiar
work
of
Grace
,
he
betook
himself
to
his
Saviour
by
humble
,
faithful
,
and
fervent
Prayer
;
and
at
last
found
such
assistance
from
the
Holy
Spirit
of
Grace
,
as
strengthned
him
to
stand
and
make
good
his
resolutions
with
more
comfort
then
before
.
His
usual
with
was
,
that
Christ
when
he
came
might
finde
him
aut
Precantem
,
aut
Praedicantem
,
either
Praying
,
or
Preaching
.
When
the
Donatists
upbraided
him
unworthily
with
the
impiety
and
impurity
of
his
former
Life
,
An
excellent
speech
.
Look
(
said
he
)
how
much
they
blame
my
former
fault
,
by
so
much
the
more
I
commend
and
praise
my
Physitian
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
Holy
Marriage
is
better
then
proud
Virginity
.
And
again
,
Prayer
.
Prayer
that
is
pure
,
and
holy
,
pierceth
Heaven
,
and
returns
not
empty
.
It
's
a
shelter
to
the
Soul
,
a
sacrifice
to
God
,
and
a
scourge
to
the
Divel
.
And
again
,
There
is
nothing
that
more
abateth
sin
,
then
the
frequent
meditation
of
Death
:
Death
.
He
cannot
die
ill
that
lived
well
;
aud
seldom
doth
he
die
well
that
lived
ill
.
A
Christian
at
home
in
his
house
must
think
himself
a
stranger
;
Christians
are
pilgrims
.
and
that
his
Country
is
above
where
he
shall
be
no
stranger
.
And
again
,
If
men
want
wealth
,
it
is
not
to
be
unjustly
gotten
:
if
they
have
it
,
they
ought
by
good
works
to
lay
it
up
in
Heaven
.
He
that
hath
tasted
the
sweetness
of
Divine
love
,
will
not
care
for
temporal
sweetness
.
The
reasonable
Soul
made
in
the
likeness
of
God
,
may
here
finde
much
careful
distraction
,
but
no
full
satisfaction
;
for
it
being
capable
of
God
,
can
be
satisfied
with
nothing
but
God
.
Not
to
be
without
affliction
,
but
to
overcome
affliction
is
blessedness
.
Love
is
strong
as
death
;
for
as
death
kils
the
body
,
so
love
of
eternal
life
kils
worldly
desires
and
affections
.
He
called
Ingratitude
the
Devils
Sponge
,
Ingratitude
.
wherewith
he
wipes
out
all
the
favors
of
the
Almighty
.
He
so
admired
and
loved
the
seven
Penitential
Psalms
,
that
he
caused
them
to
be
written
in
great
letters
,
and
hung
within
the
curtains
of
his
Death-bed
,
that
so
he
might
give
up
the
Ghost
in
the
contemplation
and
meditation
of
them
.
His
Prayer
was
,
Lord
,
give
first
what
thou
requirest
,
and
then
require
of
me
what
thou
wilt
.
And
,
He
that
prays
well
,
cannot
chuse
but
live
well
.
His
Works
are
printed
in
nine
Tomes
at
Basil
by
Froben
.
His
works
.
The
Life
of
Cyril
of
Alexandria
,
who
flourished
,
Anno
Christi
430.
THeophilus
Bishop
of
Alexandria
falling
into
a
Lethargy
,
shortly
after
dyed
;
whereupon
a
great
contention
arose
about
the
Election
of
a
new
Bishop
:
some
standing
for
Timotheus
the
Archdeacon
,
and
others
for
Cyrillus
:
Abudatius
the
Captain
of
the
Garrison
laboured
all
that
he
could
to
prefer
Timothy
:
He
is
chosen
Bishop
of
Alexandria
.
but
the
other
party
prevailed
,
and
so
Cyril
was
chosen
and
setled
in
the
Bishoprick
:
About
this
time
Nestorius
the
Heretick
vented
his
blasphemous
opinions
against
the
Deitie
of
our
Saviour
Christ
,
whom
Cyril
answered
and
confuted
:
A
Council
.
Upon
this
the
Emperour
Theodosius
minor
summoned
a
Council
at
Ephesus
,
in
which
Cyril
was
chosen
President
,
and
where
with
much
learning
and
judgement
he
confuted
Nestorius
and
Pelagius
.
So
that
the
Council
after
serious
examination
and
deliberation
,
pronounced
this
sentence
;
To
omit
the
other
abominable
wickednesses
of
Nestorius
,
Nestorius
deposed
and
excommunicated
.
because
being
sent
for
by
us
,
he
hath
refused
to
appear
,
neither
would
he
receive
those
godly
and
religious
Bishops
whom
we
sent
to
confer
with
him
:
being
therefore
forced
by
necessity
,
we
proceeded
to
the
examniation
of
his
wicked
opinions
,
and
finding
partly
by
the
Epistles
and
Books
that
he
hath
written
;
and
partly
by
his
words
which
in
this
famous
City
he
hath
lately
spoken
,
which
by
sufficient
witness
have
been
proved
before
us
,
that
he
holds
and
publisheth
Heretical
opinions
contrary
to
the
Word
of
God
and
the
Canons
of
the
holy
Councils
;
we
therefore
not
without
many
tears
are
forced
to
pass
this
severe
sentence
against
him
:
and
our
Lord
and
Saviour
Jesus
Christ
,
whom
he
hath
so
grosly
and
grievously
blasphemed
,
doth
by
us
Decree
that
Nestorious
be
deposed
from
his
Rishoprick
and
excommunicated
from
the
holy
Assemblies
of
the
Ministers
of
God
.
Which
sentence
the
Emperour
Theodosius
did
also
approve
of
and
confirm
,
and
withall
banished
him
to
Oasis
,
Banished
by
the
Emperour
.
and
God
to
shew
the
severity
of
his
justice
against
blasphemers
,
strake
him
with
an
incurable
disease
whereby
his
tongue
rotted
,
and
breeding
many
Worms
was
devoured
by
them
,
His
fearful
death
.
so
that
he
ended
his
wretched
life
after
a
most
miserable
manner
.
This
Cyril
was
by
birth
a
Grecian
,
and
as
one
testifies
of
him
,
was
Vir
doctus
&
sanctus
,
a
learned
and
holy
man
:
He
was
President
in
the
Council
at
Ephesus
,
where
with
much
learning
and
judgement
he
confuted
Nestorius
and
Pelagius
:
His
knowledg
in
the
Scriptures
.
He
was
admirably
experienced
in
the
holy
Scriptures
:
flourished
under
Theodosius
junior
:
he
was
so
famous
for
piety
,
eloquence
,
His
learning
.
and
wit
,
that
the
Grecian
Bishops
gat
some
of
his
Homilies
by
heart
,
and
recited
them
to
their
people
.
After
twenty
two
years
labor
in
the
Government
of
that
Church
,
he
quietly
yeelded
up
his
spirit
unto
God
,
His
death
.
Anno
Christi
448.
under
Theodosius
junior
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
It
's
the
best
way
for
a
rich
man
to
make
the
Bellies
of
the
Poor
his
Barn
,
Charity
.
to
succour
the
fatherless
and
needy
,
and
thereby
to
lay
up
treasure
in
Heaven
,
that
he
may
be
received
into
everlasting
habitations
.
Modesty
.
And
,
Where
the
Scripture
wants
a
tongue
of
expression
,
we
need
not
lend
an
ear
of
attention
,
we
may
safely
knock
at
the
Council
door
of
Gods
secrets
;
but
if
we
go
further
,
we
may
be
more
bold
then
welcome
.
And
again
,
The
Devil
runs
with
open
mouth
upon
Gods
children
to
devour
them
:
Tentation
.
they
manfully
resist
him
:
he
thinks
to
weaken
their
Faith
,
and
they
,
by
his
assaults
are
made
the
stronger
:
he
fights
against
them
,
but
they
get
ground
upon
him
;
and
so
what
he
intended
for
their
destruction
,
full
sore
against
his
will
,
makes
for
their
advantage
.
He
was
called
the
Champion
of
the
Catholick
Faith
.
His
Works
were
printed
in
two
Tomes
at
Paris
,
Anno
Christi
1605.
The
Life
of
Peter
Chrysologus
,
who
flourished
Anno
Christi
,
440.
PEtrus
Chrysologus
,
His
birth
and
education
.
so
called
because
of
his
golden
Eloquence
,
was
born
at
Imola
in
France
,
of
honest
Parents
,
bred
under
Cornelius
Bishop
of
that
City
,
whose
care
it
was
not
only
to
instruct
him
in
good
Manners
and
Learning
,
but
to
fit
him
for
the
Work
of
the
Ministry
,
that
he
might
bring
glory
to
God
in
the
service
of
his
Church
:
And
not
long
after
he
was
made
Archbishop
of
Ravenna
.
He
excelled
in
Learning
,
Vertue
,
and
all
prais-worthy
qualities
.
Preachers
pattern
.
He
was
present
at
the
Councils
,
the
one
at
Ravenna
,
the
other
at
Rome
:
and
sent
Letters
full
of
Learning
to
the
Synod
of
Chalcedon
against
Eutiches
the
Heretick
.
He
was
powerful
in
Eloquence
,
especially
in
his
Sermons
to
the
people
,
and
very
holy
in
Conversation
,
by
both
which
he
won
many
to
the
Truth
.
Always
before
he
penned
any
thing
,
he
would
with
great
ardency
and
humility
set
himself
to
Prayer
to
seek
unto
God
for
direction
therein
.
Prayer
.
He
lived
long
,
having
been
Bishop
about
60
years
,
flourished
under
Martian
the
Emperour
,
and
dyed
Anno
Christi
500.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
,
Charity
.
Let
not
thy
care
be
to
have
thy
hands
full
,
whilst
the
Poors
are
empty
:
for
the
only
way
to
have
full
Barns
is
to
have
charitable
Hands
:
And
,
God
had
rather
men
should
love
him
then
fear
him
:
Mercy
.
to
be
called
Father
then
Master
:
he
wins
by
Mercy
,
that
he
may
not
punish
by
Justice
:
If
thou
wilt
be
like
thy
Father
,
do
likewise
.
And
,
Neither
in
the
Flint
alone
,
nor
in
the
Steel
alone
any
fire
is
to
be
seen
,
nor
extracted
but
by
conjunction
,
and
collision
:
Faith
and
works
.
So
,
nor
by
Faith
alone
,
nor
by
good
Works
alone
is
Salvation
attained
,
but
by
joining
both
together
,
And
,
As
the
Clouds
darken
Heaven
,
so
intemperate
Banquetting
the
Minde
:
as
the
violence
of
windes
and
waves
sinks
a
Ship
;
Drunkeness
and
gluttony
.
so
drunkenness
and
gluttony
,
our
souls
and
bodies
in
the
depth
of
hell
.
And
,
Virtues
separated
,
are
annihilated
:
Equity
without
goodness
is
severitie
;
and
Justice
without
Piety
cruelty
.
And
,
some
that
lived
commendably
before
they
attained
to
dignity
,
being
set
in
the
Candlestick
of
the
Church
,
turn
their
light
into
darkness
:
It
had
been
better
for
such
lights
still
to
have
been
hidden
under
a
bushel
,
&c.
He
was
a
man
of
an
Excellent
Wit
,
and
by
his
Ministry
,
and
example
won
many
to
a
love
of
the
Truth
.
He
wrote
176.
His
works
.
Homilies
:
Lib.
ad
Eutychen
,
&
Epistoles
alias
.
PROSPER
The
Life
of
Prosper
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
466.
PRosper
was
born
in
Aquitane
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
preferred
to
be
Bishop
of
Rhegium
in
France
;
He
was
Scholar
to
S.
Augustine
,
famous
for
Learning
and
Piety
;
learnedly
confuted
the
Pelagian
Heresie
:
Scriptures
delighted
in
.
He
was
assiduous
in
reading
,
especially
of
the
Scripture
:
He
usually
had
the
four
Evangelists
in
his
hands
:
He
distributed
his
goods
freely
to
the
Poor
:
His
charity
.
His
special
care
was
to
take
away
all
strife
and
contentions
from
amongst
his
people
.
A
peace-maker
.
He
was
a
Father
to
all
ages
and
sexes
that
were
in
the
City
:
He
much
addicted
himself
to
Watching
,
Fasting
,
Prayer
,
and
Meditation
.
He
continued
Bishop
there
twenty
years
:
flourished
under
Martianus
.
Upon
his
death-bed
,
speaking
to
many
of
his
people
that
wept
sore
,
His
speech
at
death
.
he
said
,
The
Life
which
I
have
enjoyed
was
but
given
me
,
upon
condition
to
render
it
up
again
,
not
grutchingly
,
but
gladly
:
For
me
to
have
stayed
longer
here
,
might
seem
better
for
you
,
but
for
me
it
is
better
to
be
dissolved
,
&c.
His
death
.
And
so
Praying
and
lifting
up
his
hands
to
God
before
them
all
,
he
departed
Anno
Christi
466.
He
was
excellently
versed
in
the
Sacred
Scriptures
:
His
character
.
and
no
less
famous
in
Humane
Learning
:
He
was
a
very
good
Poet
,
and
an
Eloquent
Orator
:
of
a
profound
Judgement
,
subtile
Wit
,
a
nervous
Writer
,
and
holy
Liver
.
His
Works
are
all
printed
in
Octavo
at
Cullen
,
His
works
.
Anno
Christi
1609.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
Thou
shalt
neither
hate
the
man
for
his
vice
;
nor
love
the
vice
for
the
mans
sake
.
And
,
Thou
boastest
of
thy
wealth
,
Pride
.
honour
,
strength
,
beauty
,
&c.
consider
what
thou
ar●
by
sin
,
and
shalt
be
in
the
grave
,
and
thy
plumes
will
fall
:
for
every
proud
man
forgets
himself
.
And
,
As
the
Soul
is
the
life
of
the
Body
,
so
the
life
of
the
Soul
is
God
:
when
the
Soul
departs
the
Body
dies
,
and
when
God
departs
the
Soul
dies
.
And
,
Those
things
which
God
would
have
searched
into
,
are
not
to
be
neglected
;
but
those
which
God
would
have
hidden
,
are
not
to
be
searched
into
:
by
the
later
we
become
unlawfully
curious
,
and
by
the
neglect
of
the
former
,
damnably
ingrateful
.
And
,
The
envious
man
hath
so
many
tortures
,
as
the
envied
hath
praisers
:
It
s
the
Justice
of
envy
to
kill
and
torment
the
envious
.
And
,
The
Life
to
come
is
blessed
Eternity
,
and
Eternal
blessedness
:
there
is
certain
security
,
secure
quietness
,
quiet
joyfulness
,
happy
Eternity
,
eternal
Felicity
.
The
Life
of
Fulgentius
,
who
dyed
An.
Chri.
529.
HVnerick
the
Arian
,
King
of
the
Vandals
,
having
subdued
Carthage
,
banished
all
the
Senators
thereof
into
Italy
,
amongst
whom
was
Gordian
Grandfather
to
Fulgentius
:
And
after
the
decease
of
Gordian
,
His
parentage
.
Claudius
his
son
returned
unto
Carthage
;
and
though
his
house
was
given
to
an
●rian
Priest
,
he
recovered
a
great
part
of
his
Inheritance
by
some
favour
which
he
found
at
the
Kings
hands
,
and
so
departing
to
Lepte
,
he
there
setled
his
habitation
:
But
shortly
after
dying
,
he
left
his
son
Fulgentius
to
the
care
of
his
Mother
Mariana
,
who
was
very
careful
to
train
him
up
in
Learning
,
causing
him
to
be
instructed
in
the
Greek
Tongue
,
His
education
.
before
he
learned
Latine
,
that
thereby
he
might
attain
to
the
greater
perfection
in
that
Language
:
and
as
his
years
encreased
,
so
did
he
highly
profit
in
all
sorts
of
Learning
,
to
the
great
joy
of
his
Mother
,
who
exceedingly
rejoyced
to
see
his
wisdom
and
towardness
,
which
also
much
refreshed
her
after
the
loss
of
her
dear
husband
:
yea
she
was
so
well
satisfied
with
his
Prudence
,
His
prudence
in
governing
a
family
.
that
she
committed
to
his
care
the
government
of
her
whole
house
:
and
he
so
well
behaved
himself
therein
,
that
he
pleased
his
friends
,
silenced
his
il-willers
,
and
both
by
direction
and
correction
procured
an
awful
respect
from
the
servants
:
He
was
also
very
careful
to
preserve
his
Patrimony
.
By
this
his
deportment
he
gat
so
much
credit
and
esteem
,
that
he
was
made
the
Kings
Collector
,
and
required
to
be
rigorous
in
exacting
the
rated
payments
:
But
after
a
while
it
pleased
God
,
that
this
multiplicity
and
burden
of
worldly
businesses
began
to
be
very
heavy
to
his
Soul
;
and
the
vain
flattering
selicity
of
the
World
yeelding
disgust
,
by
little
and
little
the
love
of
spiritual
life
seemed
to
take
root
in
his
heart
,
His
Conversion
.
and
this
begat
in
him
a
desire
frequently
to
pray
,
and
to
read
,
and
study
the
holy
Scriptures
:
Then
did
he
often
resort
to
such
men
as
sequestred
themselves
from
worldly
businesses
,
and
betook
themselves
to
Monasteries
,
where
he
learned
by
experience
the
sweet
conversation
of
Gods
servants
,
those
places
being
not
yet
degenerated
into
such
superstition
and
profaness
as
afterwards
they
were
.
Amongst
them
he
perceived
that
as
they
had
no
worldly
solace
,
so
had
they
no
weariness
in
their
present
condition
:
as
they
had
no
temporal
joyes
,
so
neither
had
they
that
vexation
of
spirit
which
other
men
were
subject
to
by
reason
of
their
worldly
businesses
:
whereupon
with
himself
he
brake
out
into
these
words
,
His
Speech
.
Why
travel
I
in
the
World
,
which
can
yeeld
me
no
future
nor
durable
reward
inswerable
to
my
pains
?
Though
it
be
better
to
weep
well
then
joy
ill
:
yet
if
to
joy
be
our
desire
,
how
much
excelleth
their
joy
who
have
a
good
conscience
before
God
;
who
dread
nothing
but
sin
:
study
to
do
nothing
but
to
accomplish
the
Precepts
of
Christ
?
Now
therefore
let
me
change
my
trade
;
and
as
before
I
endeavoured
amongst
my
Noble
Friends
to
prove
more
Noble
,
so
now
let
my
care
and
imployment
be
amongst
the
humble
and
poor
servants
of
the
Highest
,
to
become
more
poor
and
humble
then
they
,
and
like
S.
Matthew
let
me
turn
from
a
Publican
to
a
Disciple
.
Thus
being
resolved
to
renounce
all
terrene
and
worldly
delights
,
and
to
make
himself
a
partaker
of
that
kinde
of
life
which
upon
mature
deliberation
and
examination
his
judgement
approved
as
most
excellent
:
His
prudence
.
yet
withall
,
wisely
considering
that
sudden
changes
might
breed
some
distemperature
either
in
body
or
minde
,
or
both
,
he
began
by
degrees
to
accustom
himself
to
Fasting
,
to
avoid
the
company
and
accustomed
complements
of
his
old
acquaintance
and
familiar
friends
,
addicting
himself
to
solitariness
,
much
reading
and
prayer
Hereupon
all
that
knew
him
were
stricken
with
great
wonder
and
amazement
at
this
sudden
and
unexpected
change
:
imputing
this
strict
demeanor
in
a
man
so
delicately
brought
up
to
proceed
from
necessity
,
and
privy
poverty
:
But
he
having
thus
made
some
proof
of
such
things
,
wherein
he
conceived
difficulties
might
occur
,
and
now
finding
by
experience
that
nothing
was
hard
to
a
willing
minde
,
as
also
lighting
upon
,
and
reading
that
Divine
Treatise
of
St.
Augustine
upon
the
36
Psalm
,
He
retires
himself
from
the
world
.
his
love
to
and
longing
after
that
more
retired
course
of
life
much
encreased
in
him
,
so
that
he
resolved
without
any
further
delay
to
put
his
former
purposes
into
practise
,
and
accordingly
going
to
Faustus
,
who
was
one
of
those
Bishops
whom
the
Arian
Tyrant
Hunerick
had
confined
to
a
certain
place
not
far
from
his
own
Country
,
he
beseeched
him
to
admit
him
into
his
Monastery
.
The
prudent
Bishop
wel
knowing
the
worldly
conversation
of
the
young
man
in
times
past
,
gave
no
credit
to
his
speech
,
nor
comfort
to
his
request
,
but
willed
him
first
to
learn
to
live
less
delicately
before
he
entred
upon
so
strict
a
course
of
life
:
But
he
humbly
kissing
the
Bishops
hand
,
earnestly
requested
him
that
he
would
not
reject
him
,
but
graciously
admit
him
for
one
of
his
Disciples
;
and
so
by
importunity
declaring
his
sincere
affections
,
he
procured
admittance
;
The
fame
of
this
thing
spreading
abroad
,
some
dispaired
of
his
perseverance
because
of
his
former
delicate
life
;
others
considering
the
excellency
of
his
wit
were
raised
in
expectation
of
some
notable
and
worthy
consequence
.
Divers
of
his
Familiars
excited
by
his
example
,
betook
themselves
to
the
like
course
of
life
:
only
his
inconsiderate
and
worldly-minded
mother
grew
exceedingly
discontented
at
it
,
as
if
her
Fulgentius
were
already
dead
,
and
so
,
impatiently
running
to
the
Bishop
,
the
brawled
with
him
,
His
mothers
impatiency
at
it
.
crying
out
;
Restore
the
Son
to
his
Mother
,
the
Master
to
his
Servants
and
Houshold
:
It
becomes
you
to
comfort
such
disconsolate
Widdows
,
not
to
destroy
my
forlorn
house
.
The
Bishop
mildly
reprehended
her
,
but
wisely
concealed
her
son
;
wherefore
she
filled
the
Ayr
with
her
exclamations
,
ever
calling
upon
the
name
of
Fulgentius
:
This
violent
temptation
did
he
meet
with
at
his
first
entrance
into
this
strict
kinde
of
life
;
Tentation
resisted
.
but
having
his
heart
fixed
in
Heaven
,
he
gave
no
Ear
to
her
exclamations
:
so
that
his
Mother
verily
thinking
that
he
had
not
been
there
,
sorrowfully
departed
:
The
Bishop
having
hereby
had
experience
of
the
valour
of
his
young
Disciple
,
judged
that
he
that
could
thus
overcome
his
natural
affections
,
no
labour
would
be
hard
,
nor
conquest
difficult
for
the
time
to
come
.
Whilst
he
continued
in
this
place
,
he
wholly
abstained
from
Wine
and
Oil
,
His
abstinence
.
and
was
so
rigorous
in
Fasting
that
it
much
debilitated
his
body
,
and
procured
some
diseases
:
but
his
heart
being
wholly
set
upon
the
working
forth
of
his
Salvation
with
fear
and
trembling
,
His
sickness
,
and
recovery
.
he
committed
himself
to
God
,
saying
,
The
daintiest
feeders
avoid
not
sickness
:
and
after
he
had
a
while
been
habituated
to
this
course
,
he
through
Gods
mercy
recovered
his
health
and
pristine
beauty
.
He
gives
away
his
inheritance
.
His
Inheritance
(
though
he
had
a
younger
Brother
called
Claudius
)
he
wholly
left
it
to
his
Mother
,
that
at
her
decease
she
might
leave
it
to
Claudius
,
if
he
deserved
well
of
her
;
by
which
means
his
Brother
(
for
the
Living-sake
)
was
made
more
dutiful
and
submiss
,
and
his
Mother
by
this
gift
received
no
small
consolation
to
counterpoise
the
sorrow
of
his
absence
.
Shortly
after
the
Arians
renewing
their
persecution
(
which
for
a
space
they
had
discontinued
under
a
pretence
of
more
moderation
)
Bishop
Faustus
was
constrained
by
frequent
removes
from
one
place
to
another
to
hide
himself
,
The
Arians
renew
their
persecution
.
and
Fulgentius
had
no
better
shift
then
to
flee
to
another
little
Monastery
governed
by
one
Felix
,
who
having
sufficiently
heard
of
his
Learning
and
Vertue
,
would
have
resigned
the
government
thereof
to
Fulgentius
;
but
he
constantly
refused
it
:
yet
at
the
great
importunity
of
the
Brethren
,
he
was
enforced
to
take
part
of
the
Government
upon
him
:
So
that
these
two
holy
men
equal
in
their
love
to
God
and
their
neighbors
,
equal
in
Vertue
,
and
like
in
Conditions
,
mutually
governed
the
place
,
each
fearful
of
offending
the
other
;
each
vigilantly
attending
the
good
of
the
Society
.
But
the
Perfecution
growing
more
hot
,
they
,
together
with
their
Disciples
,
were
forced
to
remove
into
more
remote
and
unknown
parts
of
Africa
:
His
remove
to
Sicca
.
and
at
last
setled
in
the
Territories
of
Sicca
,
where
they
exceedingly
profited
the
people
,
and
gained
many
Souls
to
Christ
:
But
the
old
Enemy
of
mankinde
envying
their
godly
labours
,
stirred
up
an
Arian
Priest
called
Faeix
,
who
,
not
far
off
,
had
corrupted
many
with
his
Heretical
opinions
,
Heretical
mallice
.
to
molest
and
trouble
them
.
This
fellow
,
great
in
Power
and
Authority
,
but
greater
in
malice
,
fearing
lest
by
the
means
of
Fulgentius
(
whose
Learning
now
grew
famous
)
many
of
his
seduced
Disciples
should
be
reclaimed
to
the
Truth
,
he
caused
all
the
ways
to
be
beset
by
which
these
two
Fathers
used
to
go
to
instruct
the
people
;
and
it
pleased
God
,
that
as
these
two
walked
by
the
way
,
they
fell
into
these
watchmens
hands
,
who
presently
loaded
them
with
Irons
,
and
carried
them
to
the
Arian
Priest
.
Faelix
when
he
saw
that
he
was
like
to
be
apprehended
,
threw
away
some
money
into
a
bush
,
which
he
happened
to
have
about
him
for
the
Brethrens
sustenance
.
The
Arian
Priest
when
they
came
before
him
used
them
very
roughly
,
demanding
of
them
why
they
came
out
of
their
own
Country
to
subvert
his
Christian
hearers
?
And
as
they
were
about
to
answer
,
he
would
not
hear
them
,
but
first
commanded
them
to
be
scourged
:
whereupon
Faelix
requested
that
his
Brother
Fulgentius
might
be
spared
:
Cruelty
of
Hereticks
.
For
(
saith
he
)
he
cannot
endure
the
extremity
of
the
torment
,
but
in
all
likelihood
will
breath
forth
his
innocent
Soul
under
your
hands
.
But
〈…〉
let
your
wrath
be
wholly
wreaked
upon
me
,
who
am
most
guilty
of
that
which
you
charge
us
with
:
Faelix
therefore
was
mostcruelly
beaten
:
but
not
that
Fulgentius
should
be
spared
,
who
being
of
Noble
Parentage
was
of
a
tender
constitution
,
and
so
the
blows
with
the
staves
were
the
more
grieveous
to
him
,
He
is
cruelly
beaten
.
whereupon
he
earnestly
desired
to
be
heard
having
somewhat
to
say
;
and
so
the
stripes
and
bastinadoes
being
intermitted
,
he
began
with
his
Eloquent
mouth
to
relate
the
cause
of
their
travel
into
those
parts
,
causing
his
very
Adversaries
to
wonder
at
his
Eloquence
and
flowing
Language
So
that
the
Priest
had
almost
forgotten
his
cruelty
,
and
shame
of
the
injury
was
ready
to
embrace
his
obdurate
heart
:
Yet
least
he
should
appear
to
be
overcome
with
his
words
,
he
cryed
out
;
Lay
him
on
lustily
,
and
multiplying
your
blows
ren●
this
pratler
.
What
?
Thinks
he
by
his
words
to
seduce
me
also
?
Hereupon
he
was
again
beaten
most
mercilesly
:
then
were
both
of
them
shaven
deformedly
,
their
clothes
pulled
off
,
and
so
they
were
sent
packing
all
naked
.
Rejoyceth
in
sufferings
for
Christ
.
Forth
then
from
the
Arians
house
they
departed
no
otherwise
then
as
from
a
glorious
combat
,
and
as
crowned
with
Lawrels
of
Victory
:
In
their
return
they
found
the
money
which
Faelix
had
hidden
,
which
was
a
great
refreshing
to
them
.
The
fame
of
this
detestable
fact
gave
great
offence
to
many
,
and
in
particular
to
the
Arian
Bishop
of
the
Diocess
,
who
had
a
good
opinion
of
Fulgentius
,
and
much
favoured
him
,
and
would
have
punished
the
Priest
,
if
Fulgentius
had
desired
it
of
him
:
and
indeed
many
urged
him
to
seek
revenge
;
but
he
gave
them
this
humble
denyal
,
He
seeks
not
revenge
.
saying
,
It
is
not
lawful
for
a
Christian
to
meditate
revenge
:
our
Lora
Christ
well
knoweth
how
to
repay
the
injuries
inflicted
on
his
servants
.
If
my
case
be
avenged
,
then
lose
I
the
reward
of
my
patience
;
especially
seeing
it
might
scandalize
many
little
ones
if
I
a
Catholick
should
require
judgement
at
an
Arians
hand
.
A
while
after
Fulgentius
having
heard
and
read
much
of
the
strict
lives
of
the
Monks
in
Egypt
,
had
a
great
minde
to
see
the
same
,
and
so
leaving
his
Monastery
,
he
took
shipping
for
Egypt
:
but
a
storm
meeting
him
by
the
way
,
He
sails
into
Sicily
▪
he
was
driven
into
the
Haven
of
Syracuse
,
the
chief
City
of
Sicily
:
At
this
time
Eusalius
was
Bishop
there
,
who
very
curteously
entertained
Fulgentiu
,
and
upon
converse
,
finding
his
sufficiency
,
enquired
the
cause
of
his
voyage
,
and
understanding
by
him
the
cause
,
he
much
disswaded
him
from
it
,
and
perswaded
him
to
continue
at
Syracuse
that
winter
:
which
when
he
consented
to
,
he
maintained
him
all
that
time
,
and
Fulgentius
out
of
that
little
allowed
him
,
carefully
ministred
somewhat
to
the
necessities
of
others
.
Summer
being
come
,
He
goes
to
Rome
.
he
failed
to
Rome
,
where
beholding
the
glory
of
the
Romane
Nobility
,
the
triumphant
pomp
of
King
Theodorick
,
and
the
universal
splendor
and
joy
of
the
City
,
he
was
so
far
from
being
taken
with
such
worldly
toys
and
delights
,
that
it
raised
up
his
desires
after
heavenly
joys
,
saying
thus
to
some
of
his
friends
that
accompanied
him
;
Heaven
more
glorious
.
How
beautiful
may
the
Caelestial
Hierusalem
be
,
when
Terrestial
Rome
so
glittereth
?
If
such
honour
be
given
to
lovers
of
vanity
,
what
glory
shall
be
imparted
to
the
Saints
who
are
lovers
and
followers
of
Truth
?
His
return
into
Africk
.
Then
did
he
return
into
Africa
to
the
incredible
joy
of
his
Brethren
;
but
after
a
while
,
finding
the
distractions
which
necessarily
attended
his
abode
there
,
partly
by
reason
of
his
care
in
Government
,
and
partly
by
reason
of
much
resort
of
Noble
men
,
and
others
that
dayly
repaired
to
him
(
his
fame
being
now
spread
abroad
)
he
privily
stole
away
,
He
obscures
himself
.
and
went
to
another
Monastery
far
off
,
amidst
the
shelly
Rocks
of
the
Sea
,
destitute
in
a
manner
of
all
humane
solace
and
necessaries
,
where
being
with
all
courtesie
received
,
as
much
as
he
excelled
others
in
Learning
and
Eloquence
,
so
far
subjected
he
himself
to
all
in
humility
and
obedience
.
Many
Books
he
there
copied
out
fair
with
his
own
hands
,
and
for
his
recreation
made
many
necessary
implements
for
the
house
of
Palm-leaves
:
His
great
industry
.
But
at
last
his
old
society
gained
knowledge
of
the
place
of
his
abode
,
and
presently
sent
to
request
his
return
:
Hereupon
great
contention
arose
between
the
two
houses
,
whilst
one
sought
to
retain
,
the
other
to
regain
him
.
The
Controversie
at
last
came
before
Bishop
Faustus
,
who
Decreed
his
return
to
his
first
place
;
He
is
ordained
a
Presbyter
.
and
that
he
might
be
imployed
for
the
publick
good
,
he
ordained
him
a
Presbyter
:
At
which
time
sundry
Cities
wanting
Pastors
(
for
the
King
had
forbidden
the
Ordination
of
any
more
Bishops
)
many
of
them
sought
and
sued
to
Fulgentius
to
undertake
that
charge
,
and
some
proceeded
to
Elect
him
outright
;
yet
thought
he
himself
secure
by
reason
of
the
Kings
prohibition
,
till
at
last
the
persecuted
Bishops
,
who
yet
survived
,
resolved
rather
to
incur
the
displeasure
of
the
King
then
to
suffer
the
people
any
longer
to
want
Bishops
;
and
thereupon
meeting
together
,
they
Decreed
that
Bishops
should
be
ordained
for
all
the
vacant
places
;
and
forthwith
(
least
the
Arian
King
hearing
of
it
,
should
prevent
them
)
they
sought
out
godly
Presbyters
whom
they
might
appoint
to
this
Office
,
His
humility
.
but
then
Fulgentius
,
who
was
most
of
all
sought
for
,
could
no
where
be
found
;
for
he
had
hid
himself
to
avoid
that
imployment
,
and
so
continued
till
all
the
solemnities
were
over
passed
,
and
then
returned
hoping
now
to
live
in
quiet
.
But
it
pleased
God
otherwise
to
dispole
of
it
:
For
it
so
fell
out
that
the
City
of
Ruspa
remained
as
yet
unfurnished
,
He
is
made
a
Bishop
.
the
Citizens
whereof
getting
inkling
that
Fulgentius
was
discovered
,
they
came
unto
him
,
laid
hold
upon
him
,
carryed
him
with
them
,
and
not
request
,
but
constrain
him
to
be
their
Bishop
:
Yet
in
this
dignity
he
nothing
forget
his
former
integrity
:
His
moderation
.
he
still
used
mean
and
simple
attire
,
went
many
times
barefoot
,
wholly
abstained
from
Flesh
,
Wine
,
and
Oil
,
and
always
kept
about
him
some
of
his
former
associates
:
But
he
,
with
his
fellow
Bishops
enjoyed
not
long
their
places
:
for
that
fell
out
which
was
easily
foreseen
to
be
a
likely
consequent
,
yet
was
contemned
in
respect
of
the
Churches
necessity
and
want
,
which
was
that
the
Arian
King
enraged
by
this
act
,
banished
about
60
Bishops
into
Sardinia
,
He
is
banished
.
amongst
whom
Fulgentius
was
one
,
who
joyfully
ascended
the
Ship
,
being
heartily
glad
that
he
had
a
share
in
such
a
glorious
confession
:
Divers
of
his
Clergy
and
Friends
followed
him
,
and
being
arrived
at
Calaris
in
Sardinia
,
he
there
lived
with
them
at
the
same
Table
,
He
converts
many
.
and
by
his
Sermons
converted
many
.
Not
long
after
King
Thrasamund
amongst
the
crafty
fetches
,
and
persecutory
drifts
whereby
he
endeavoured
to
allure
the
Catholicks
to
the
Arian
Heresie
,
Hereticks
subtilty
.
used
this
Policy
:
He
feigned
a
desire
to
become
a
Catholick
,
and
setting
down
divers
captious
and
deceitful
questions
,
pretended
that
he
could
not
finde
any
that
could
sufficiently
answer
those
questions
,
whereupon
hearing
the
fame
of
Fulgentius
,
he
hastily
sent
for
him
:
who
with
an
undaunted
courage
came
to
Carthage
,
He
comes
to
Carthage
.
and
not
being
presently
called
to
the
King
,
endeavoured
seriously
to
confirm
the
Catholicks
in
their
Faith
;
and
with
much
curtesie
and
affability
answered
all
questions
,
rejecting
no
man
;
whereby
he
reclaimed
many
from
their
Errors
,
Doth
good
.
admonishing
them
to
repent
of
,
and
to
bewail
their
fall
:
others
he
exhorted
not
to
hazard
the
damnation
of
their
Souls
for
temporal
advantages
:
and
whom
he
saw
in
danger
of
perdition
,
with
milde
,
yet
effectual
words
he
stayed
and
encouraged
to
a
noble
and
generous
resolution
,
animating
them
to
suffer
any
dangers
or
torments
rather
then
to
deny
the
Truth
:
and
it
pleased
God
so
to
bless
his
labors
,
that
some
who
before
were
staggering
,
were
now
by
his
means
imboldned
plainly
to
reprove
the
weak-grounded
impudence
of
the
Arian
party
:
And
thus
the
Omnipotent
God
turned
the
Enemies
device
to
the
advancement
of
his
own
glory
.
Then
did
the
King
send
for
him
,
He
is
sent
for
to
the
King
.
and
questioned
with
him
,
and
met
with
such
solid
and
judicious
answers
,
that
he
was
forced
to
acknowledge
that
he
found
him
every
way
to
answer
the
report
which
he
had
heard
of
his
Wisdom
and
Learning
,
and
withall
he
proposed
sundry
difficult
questions
to
which
he
required
his
answer
in
writing
,
Fulgentius
having
drawn
up
his
Answer
,
communicated
it
to
the
most
learned
Catholicks
,
and
after
their
approbation
,
to
the
people
,
before
it
was
delivered
to
the
King
,
Thrasamund
having
with
great
diligence
perused
it
,
praised
his
Wisdom
,
wondred
at
his
Eloquence
,
commended
his
Humility
;
yet
had
his
heart
so
hardened
that
he
could
not
understand
and
submit
to
the
Truth
.
Fulgentius
could
not
be
suffered
to
stay
long
at
Carthage
,
for
the
Arians
with
their
clamors
incensed
the
King
,
He
is
envyed
and
complained
of
.
complaining
that
he
had
already
gained
from
them
some
of
their
Ministers
,
and
that
the
people
fell
apace
to
him
,
so
that
their
whole
Religion
stood
in
great
hazard
by
his
means
:
Then
the
King
to
quiet
them
,
Is
sent
back
into
Sardinia
.
sent
him
back
into
Sardinia
.
Late
in
the
night
was
he
carryed
aboard
the
Ship
,
that
his
departure
might
be
the
better
concealed
from
the
people
:
but
it
pleased
God
by
contrary
windes
long
to
detain
the
Ship
in
the
harbor
,
so
that
for
many
days
almost
the
whole
City
flocked
to
him
to
take
their
farewel
,
and
many
communicated
at
his
hands
:
And
when
great
lamentation
was
made
for
his
departure
,
he
took
one
Juliates
(
a
very
godly
man
)
apart
,
and
told
him
he
should
shortly
again
return
,
He
prophesies
.
and
that
the
Church
should
enjoy
peace
;
which
also
came
to
pass
:
When
he
was
requested
to
pray
for
any
that
were
sick
or
in
misery
,
he
commonly
used
this
Petition
:
Thou
(
O
Lord
)
knowest
best
what
will
make
for
our
Souls
health
:
Grant
of
thy
mercy
a
supply
unto
our
necessities
,
so
far
forth
as
shall
not
hinder
our
spiritual
profit
:
And
when
God
graciously
answed
his
Prayers
in
their
behalf
,
he
used
to
say
,
His
humility
.
That
God
did
it
for
their
sakes
,
not
for
his
:
He
commonly
said
that
Miracles
make
not
a
man
just
or
righteous
,
but
famous
.
When
he
was
come
back
to
Sardinia
,
he
returned
to
his
former
strict
course
of
life
,
with
his
Associates
,
who
had
all
things
in
common
;
and
when
he
distributed
more
to
one
then
to
another
by
reason
of
sickness
or
weakness
,
he
used
thus
to
say
to
them
;
Who
taketh
of
the
common
so
much
,
becometh
debtor
to
all
,
which
debt
he
can
only
pay
by
humility
.
It
was
very
pleasing
to
him
when
any
of
the
Brethren
proposed
any
hard
question
;
and
gladly
he
hearkened
to
the
doubts
of
any
though
they
were
never
so
simple
;
neither
would
he
through
weariness
or
tediousness
cease
to
give
them
answers
,
until
they
confessed
them selves
to
be
satisfied
:
His
meekness
.
Though
he
was
sometimes
severe
towards
the
obstinate
,
yet
he
remained
even
when
he
seemed
most
displeased
and
angry
,
nothing
at
all
in
minde
troubled
or
disquieted
.
Thrasamund
the
King
being
shortly
after
taken
away
by
death
,
Hilderick
succeeded
him
,
who
restored
peace
and
liberty
to
the
Catholicks
,
recalling
their
Bishops
from
Exile
,
and
amongst
the
rest
Fulgentius
,
who
was
received
with
great
devotion
by
the
Africans
,
He
is
restored
to
his
place
.
no
less
in
every
City
then
if
he
had
been
their
peculiar
Bishop
:
Everywhere
they
met
him
with
tokens
of
joy
,
with
whom
now
rejoycing
he
rejoyced
,
as
before
with
them
lamenting
he
had
lamented
:
Yea
,
their
love
was
so
great
to
him
,
that
a
showre
of
rain
falling
,
they
held
their
garments
over
his
head
to
keep
him
dry
.
Then
did
he
return
to
his
proper
seat
,
where
he
would
do
nothing
without
the
advice
of
his
Clergy
.
In
the
Council
of
Vincensa
,
he
was
by
the
common
suffrage
of
the
Bishops
chosen
President
:
Though
Bishop
Quodvultdeus
claimed
that
preheminence
as
belonging
to
his
Sea
:
and
though
Fulgentius
for
the
present
would
not
oppose
this
choice
,
yet
at
the
next
Sessions
,
he
procured
that
the
Bishop
Quodvultdeus
was
restored
to
his
right
.
A
year
before
his
death
he
retired
with
some
Brethren
into
the
Island
of
Circina
,
His
humility
.
and
there
lived
a
most
strict
life
:
But
the
necessities
of
his
people
requiring
,
and
their
importunity
prevailing
,
he
returned
to
them
,
His
sickness
.
and
shortly
after
fell
into
grievous
pangs
of
sickness
,
wherein
he
continued
sixty
days
,
His
deportment
.
often
crying
out
,
O
Lord
give
me
patience
and
pardon
.
Physitians
perswading
him
to
make
use
of
a
Bath
,
he
answered
;
Can
Baths
make
that
man
who
hath
accomplished
the
course
of
Nature
that
he
shall
not
dye
?
Why
then
do
you
go
about
to
perswade
me
now
at
my
last
end
to
remit
of
that
rigor
which
I
have
always
used
?
Lastly
,
calling
together
the
Brethren
about
him
,
he
thus
spake
to
them
;
Dear
Brethren
,
having
been
careful
of
your
Souls
health
,
perhaps
I
have
been
austere
and
harsh
towards
you
:
If
any
one
be
offended
,
I
beseech
him
to
pardon
me
:
and
if
my
severity
have
possibly
passed
measure
,
and
due
moderation
,
pray
ye
to
God
that
he
may
impute
it
not
to
me
.
They
all
kneeling
down
acknowledged
him
to
have
been
always
loving
,
gentle
,
and
milde
towards
them
.
Then
did
he
pray
for
his
people
,
A
good
Pastor
.
that
God
would
provide
for
them
a
Pastor
after
his
own
heart
:
After
this
he
called
for
a
sum
of
money
,
which
as
a
faithful
Steward
he
daily
used
to
distribute
amongst
the
Poor
,
His
charity
.
willing
it
all
to
be
presently
divided
;
and
reciting
by
name
the
Widdows
,
Orphans
,
and
Poor
,
he
allotted
to
every
one
his
portion
.
Soon
after
in
the
midst
of
his
Prayers
dyed
this
blessed
servant
of
God
,
His
death
.
and
famous
Doctor
of
the
Church
,
in
the
65.
year
of
his
Age
,
Anno
Christi
529.
having
been
Bishop
about
25
years
.
He
was
very
powerful
in
Prayer
,
Prayer
prev●lent
.
as
may
appear
by
this
example
:
Some
time
before
his
death
the
Moores
invaded
the
Territories
of
Ruspa
,
filling
all
places
with
Rapines
,
Murthers
,
Burnings
,
and
Devastations
,
not
sparing
the
Churches
themselves
,
but
murthering
such
as
fled
to
them
for
refuge
:
But
yet
so
long
as
Fulgentius
lived
,
the
City
of
Ruspa
remained
in
safety
,
and
when
all
the
rest
of
the
Province
was
under
miserable
Captivity
,
that
City
alone
enjoyed
an
happy
Peace
.
He
wrote
many
excellent
Treatises
against
Hereticks
,
His
works
.
besides
sundry
Sermons
and
Epistles
:
His
moving
and
affectionate
Eloquence
was
such
,
as
that
the
Bishop
of
Carthage
hearing
him
Preach
two
days
together
in
his
Church
,
could
not
refrain
from
tears
;
Rejoycing
that
God
had
given
to
his
Church
in
those
afflicted
and
comfortless
times
such
a
worthy
Instrument
of
his
Glory
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
Christ
dyed
for
Men
,
and
Angels
;
for
Men
,
that
they
might
rise
from
sin
:
and
for
Angels
,
that
they
might
not
fall
into
sin
.
And
,
If
they
go
to
Hell
that
do
not
feed
the
hungry
,
cloath
the
naked
,
Covecousness
.
&c.
what
will
become
of
them
that
take
away
bread
from
the
hungry
,
cloaths
from
the
naked
?
&c.
If
want
of
charity
be
tormented
in
Hell
,
what
will
become
of
covetousnass
?
His
Mother
having
committed
the
charge
of
her
house
to
him
in
his
youth
,
he
so
mannaged
it
that
he
gat
this
testimony
that
he
was
Matri
praefidium
,
domesticis
solatium
,
&c.
A
safeguard
to
his
Mother
,
a
comfort
to
the
Family
,
and
to
all
with
whom
he
conversed
,
a
rare
example
.
In
the
midst
of
his
greatest
sufferings
he
used
to
say
,
Plura
pro
Christo
toleranda
:
We
must
suffer
more
then
this
for
Christ
.
His
Works
are
Printed
at
Lyons
,
His
works
.
Anno
Christi
1633.
GREGORY
THE
GREAT
The
Life
of
Gregory
the
Great
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
,
605.
GRegory
the
Great
was
born
in
Rome
:
His
birth
and
education
.
his
Father
was
a
Senator
,
by
name
Gordianus
;
his
Mothers
name
was
Sylvia
,
a
woman
Noble
by
birth
,
but
both
of
them
more
Noble
for
their
Piety
.
Our
Gregory
in
his
tender
years
was
carefully
educated
by
his
Parents
,
being
instructed
both
in
Religion
and
Literature
;
and
as
he
grew
in
years
,
so
he
encreased
in
Learning
,
which
he
retained
with
a
firm
Memory
,
whereby
he
was
enabled
afterwards
to
make
good
use
of
it
for
the
profit
and
benefit
of
the
Church
of
God
:
Having
gone
through
the
study
of
other
Arts
,
he
spent
two
years
in
reading
of
Pythagoras
;
but
finding
little
satisfaction
therein
,
he
at
last
with
much
diligence
breathed
after
more
Divine
studies
:
And
after
his
Fathers
death
,
having
more
freedom
in
disposing
of
himself
,
and
his
estate
,
His
charity
.
he
gave
all
his
riches
towards
the
relief
of
the
Poor
,
and
betook
himself
to
a
Monastical
life
,
He
turns
Monk
.
first
under
Hillarion
,
and
afterwards
under
Maximianus
,
who
both
of
them
were
famous
for
their
Piety
and
Learning
.
He
was
very
abstemious
in
his
Dyet
,
frequent
in
Fasting
and
Prayer
,
His
studiousness
.
and
so
studious
of
the
Sacred
Srriptures
,
that
he
could
scarse
finde
leasure
to
eat
his
food
till
necessity
urged
him
thereunto
:
And
indeed
his
abstinence
was
so
great
that
he
much
impaired
his
health
thereby
:
yet
would
he
not
give
over
his
imployments
,
spending
all
his
time
in
Prayer
,
Reading
,
Writing
,
or
Dictating
to
others
.
His
humility
was
very
exemplary
;
for
though
he
came
of
Noble
Parents
,
yet
had
he
so
little
respect
to
his
discent
,
that
with
tears
he
would
often
say
,
That
all
Earthly
Glory
was
miserable
,
if
the
owner
of
it
did
not
seek
after
the
Glory
of
God
:
His
humility
.
He
was
very
exact
in
spending
his
time
,
saying
,
that
he
was
to
give
an
account
of
it
unto
God
:
Neither
was
he
less
charitable
to
the
souls
of
others
:
Frugal
of
his
time
.
For
on
a
time
when
many
Merchants
were
met
to
sell
their
commodities
at
Rome
,
it
happened
that
Gregory
passed
by
them
,
and
saw
many
young
boys
with
white
bodies
,
fair
faces
,
beautiful
countenances
and
lovely
hair
set
forth
to
sail
,
whereupon
going
to
the
Merchant
,
their
owner
,
His
charity
to
souls
.
he
asked
him
from
what
Country
he
brought
them
?
The
Merchant
answered
from
Britain
where
the
Inhabitants
were
generally
so
beautiful
:
Then
said
Gregory
;
Are
they
Christians
,
or
Heathens
?
Heathens
replyed
the
other
:
whereupon
Gregory
deeply
sighing
said
,
Alass
for
grief
!
that
such
fair
faces
should
be
under
the
power
of
the
Prince
of
Darkness
,
and
that
such
beautiful
bodies
should
have
their
souls
void
of
the
Grace
of
God
;
Then
did
he
again
ask
the
Merchant
by
what
name
that
people
were
called
?
He
answered
Angli
:
Truly
said
he
,
they
may
be
called
Angli
,
quasi
Angeli
,
for
they
have
Angles
countenances
,
and
its
fit
they
were
made
fellow-Citizens
with
the
Angels
.
Again
he
asked
,
What
was
the
name
of
the
Province
whence
they
came
?
The
Merchant
answered
,
Deiri
;
well
may
they
be
of
Deiri
,
for
its
fit
they
should
be
pulled
De
ira
Dei
[
from
under
the
wrath
of
God
]
and
called
into
the
grace
of
Christ
.
Again
he
asked
him
,
what
was
the
name
of
their
King
?
The
Merchant
answered
Alle
;
whereupon
Gregory
alluding
to
his
name
,
said
Well
is
their
King
called
Alle
,
for
its
fit
that
Alleluja
to
their
Creator
should
be
sung
in
those
parts
:
He
desires
to
have
England
converted
.
And
so
going
strait
to
Benedict
,
who
was
Bishop
of
Rome
at
that
time
,
he
earnestly
requested
him
to
send
some
Ministers
into
Britain
for
the
Conversion
of
the
Inhabitants
thereof
;
and
when
none
could
be
found
that
would
undertake
that
journey
,
himself
would
have
gone
if
the
Bishop
would
have
permitted
it
:
And
indeed
at
the
length
,
by
his
importunity
he
prevailed
for
leave
,
and
set
forwards
on
his
journey
:
but
within
three
days
the
people
of
Rome
so
complained
to
Benedict
of
the
loss
of
Gregory
,
that
he
sent
for
him
back
,
which
occasioned
his
return
(
though
with
much
sorrow
)
that
he
was
hindered
in
so
good
a
work
.
Not
long
after
he
was
sent
upon
some
Ecclesiastical
affairs
to
the
Emperour
at
Constantinople
,
He
is
sent
to
Constantinople
.
where
though
the
splendor
of
the
Court
was
troublesome
to
him
,
yet
intermitted
he
not
his
private
studies
and
devotion
,
and
during
his
abode
there
,
at
the
request
of
a
Bishop
who
was
Embassador
for
the
Visigoths
,
he
wrote
a
Comment
upon
the
Book
of
Job
.
He
writes
upon
Job
.
Also
whereas
Eutychius
Bishop
of
Constantinople
,
had
taught
and
writ
that
our
bodies
at
the
Resurrection
should
be
impalpable
more
subtle
then
the
air
:
Confutes
heresies
.
Gregory
confuted
that
Error
both
by
Reason
,
and
by
the
Example
of
Christs
Body
after
his
Resurrection
:
whereupon
ensued
an
hot
Disputation
betwixt
them
:
This
the
Emperour
Tiberius
hearing
of
,
sent
for
them
both
to
him
,
heard
the
cause
on
both
sides
,
read
over
diligently
the
Book
writ
by
Eutychius
,
and
being
convinced
of
the
Error
by
that
which
he
had
heard
from
Gregory
,
he
adjudged
the
Book
to
be
burned
.
Shortly
after
Eutychius
fell
very
sick
,
and
a
little
before
his
death
,
retracted
his
Error
,
and
acknowledged
the
Resurrection
of
our
flesh
.
Gregory
having
dispatched
the
business
about
which
he
was
sent
to
Constantinople
,
His
return
to
Rome
.
returned
to
Rome
,
about
which
time
the
River
Tiber
swelled
to
such
an
unmeasurable
height
that
it
ran
over
the
Wals
of
the
City
,
Gods
judgements
on
Rome
.
and
drowned
a
great
part
of
it
,
and
break
into
many
great
houses
overthrew
divers
ancient
Monuments
;
it
overthrew
also
the
Granaries
belonging
to
the
Church
,
and
carried
away
many
thousand
measures
of
Wheat
:
Presently
after
which
inundation
of
Tiber
,
there
came
down
the
River
an
innumerable
company
of
Serpents
,
with
one
monstrous
great
one
,
as
big
as
a
Beam
,
which
when
they
had
swum
into
the
Sea
,
were
there
choaked
,
and
their
carkasses
being
all
cast
upon
the
shore
there
rotted
,
which
caused
such
an
Infection
of
the
Ayr
,
that
presently
a
great
Plague
followed
in
Rome
,
so
that
many
thousands
dyed
of
it
:
Yea
,
Arrows
were
visibly
seen
to
be
shot
from
Heaven
,
and
whosoever
was
stricken
with
them
,
presently
dyed
,
amongst
whom
Pelagius
Bishop
of
Rome
was
one
:
and
this
judgement
so
raged
in
the
City
,
that
many
houses
were
emptyed
of
their
Inhabitants
.
After
the
death
of
Pelagius
,
He
is
chosen
Bishop
of
Rome
.
the
Clergy
,
Senate
,
and
People
of
Rome
made
choice
of
Gregory
to
be
their
Bishop
,
though
he
opposed
it
all
that
possibly
he
could
;
crying
out
that
he
was
altogether
unworthy
of
such
honour
,
His
humility
.
fearing
least
the
splendor
of
worldly
glory
,
which
he
had
formerly
layd
aside
,
should
in
such
an
Office
creep
upon
,
and
infect
him
.
But
the
importunity
of
the
People
being
so
great
,
he
seemed
to
consent
to
them
:
but
privately
under-hand
wrote
to
the
Emperour
Mauritius
,
earnestly
requesting
him
that
he
would
not
consent
to
the
Election
,
but
that
by
his
Authority
he
would
free
him
from
it
:
But
Germanus
the
Praefect
of
the
City
meeting
with
the
messenger
,
took
his
Letters
from
him
,
and
reading
them
,
detained
them
,
sending
word
to
the
Emperour
of
the
unanimous
consent
of
all
in
the
Election
of
Gregory
:
He
is
confirmed
by
the
Emperour
.
Whereupon
the
Emperour
returning
thanks
to
God
for
that
they
had
made
so
good
a
choice
,
confirmed
the
Election
,
so
that
Gregory
could
no
longer
evade
it
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Pestilence
raging
exceedingly
,
Gregory
called
the
people
together
,
and
shewed
them
the
justice
of
God
in
his
Judgements
,
who
used
not
to
punish
till
by
sin
he
is
provoked
thereunto
:
telling
them
that
they
might
read
the
greatness
of
their
sins
in
the
greatness
of
the
Plague
;
and
thereupon
exhorted
them
to
repentance
by
the
Precepts
of
God
,
and
by
the
example
of
Nin●veh
,
He
appoints
a
Fast
to
remove
the
judgments
.
appointing
them
to
lay
all
their
worldly
businesses
aside
,
and
to
meet
together
the
next
day
to
spend
it
in
Fasting
and
Prayer
;
which
accordingly
they
did
:
yet
whilst
they
were
together
Gods
hand
was
out
against
them
,
so
that
fourscore
of
them
fell
down
dead
in
the
place
:
But
Gregory
being
not
discouraged
hereby
,
continued
his
Sermon
,
telling
them
that
God
would
at
length
be
found
of
them
,
if
they
would
forsake
their
wicked
ways
,
and
turn
unto
him
with
all
their
hearts
,
and
with
all
their
souls
:
and
accordingly
not
long
after
the
Pestilence
ceased
.
Gregory
observing
that
many
customs
were
lately
crept
into
the
Church
which
were
not
warranted
by
the
holy
Apostles
,
He
reforms
the
Church
.
he
first
extirpated
them
out
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
and
then
calling
a
Council
of
many
Bishops
,
he
endeavoured
to
root
them
out
of
the
whole
Church
.
Then
removing
from
about
him
all
secular
persons
,
he
chose
Presbyters
and
other
Learned
men
in
their
stead
,
whereby
Learning
was
much
advanced
in
his
days
.
His
charity
.
He
was
very
charitable
,
and
much
given
to
hospitality
,
insomuch
as
when
very
many
Inhabitants
from
divers
parts
(
flying
from
the
barbarous
cruelty
of
the
Longobards
)
came
to
him
,
he
entertained
and
relieved
them
,
inviting
dayly
to
his
house
many
of
those
Exiles
.
He
made
also
large
distributions
unto
others
,
giving
them
Corn
,
Wine
,
Flesh
,
Fish
,
Cheese
,
and
many
other
refreshings
in
their
several
seasons
.
Many
times
also
he
sent
large
relief
to
the
sick
,
lame
,
and
impotent
persons
,
not
only
in
Rome
,
but
in
many
other
Towns
and
Villages
round
about
,
insomuch
as
all
that
he
had
,
seemed
to
be
the
common
Granary
of
the
Church
.
In
the
fourth
year
of
his
Bishoprick
having
in
some
good
measure
setled
the
affairs
of
the
Church
,
he
now
began
to
think
how
he
might
advance
the
Conversion
of
the
English
,
He
sends
Austin
and
some
others
into
England
.
which
he
had
formerly
been
so
sollicitous
for
,
&
had
never
since
been
forgotten
by
him
;
For
which
end
he
sent
Austin
and
some
other
Ministers
from
about
him
,
to
Preach
the
Gospel
unto
them
:
But
they
had
not
gone
many
days
journey
before
they
began
to
be
a
weary
of
undertaking
so
difficult
and
dangerous
a
task
,
as
to
go
to
Preach
to
a
fierce
,
barbarous
,
and
unbelieving
Nation
,
whole
Language
they
did
not
understand
,
whereupon
they
stopped
,
and
sent
Austin
back
to
Gregory
,
desiring
that
they
might
have
leave
to
return
,
that
they
might
be
freed
from
so
laborious
,
difficult
and
dangerous
a
work
.
Gregory
having
received
this
message
,
wrote
thus
back
to
them
again
:
Encourages
them
by
this
Letter
.
Beloved
Brethren
,
seeing
it
had
been
better
that
you
had
never
begun
a
good
work
,
then
that
you
should
recede
from
it
,
it
behoves
you
through
the
assistance
of
Almighty
God
to
go
forwards
with
it
:
Neither
let
the
labor
of
the
journey
,
nor
the
tongues
of
wicked
men
deterre
you
from
it
:
I
have
sent
back
Austin
whom
I
would
have
you
to
obey
,
knowing
that
he
will
counsel
you
nothing
but
what
shall
be
for
the
good
of
your
souls
.
Almighty
God
give
you
his
grace
,
and
grant
that
I
may
see
of
the
fruit
of
your
labors
,
though
I
cannot
join
with
you
therein
.
With
this
Exhortation
Austin
did
so
encourage
his
Companions
,
that
passing
through
France
,
where
they
found
kinde
entertainment
by
the
good
Bishops
in
every
place
,
They
arrive
in
England
.
they
at
last
arrived
in
Britain
,
and
came
to
Ethelburg
,
the
King
of
Kent
,
where
through
Gods
mercy
they
did
not
only
obtain
leave
to
Preach
,
but
had
habitations
and
maintenance
allowed
them
in
Canterbury
his
chief
City
.
Whosoever
desires
to
see
the
success
of
this
business
,
may
read
it
in
my
English
Martyrologie
,
Pag.
11.
&c.
Gregory
dyed
Anno
Christi
605.
His
death
.
having
been
Bishop
of
Rome
13
years
,
6
moneths
,
and
10
days
.
He
lived
under
the
Emperour
Mauritius
,
and
dyed
in
the
second
year
of
Phocas
.
Johannes
Trithemius
gives
him
this
testimony
;
His
character
.
Gregorius
,
Vir
in
Divinis
Scripturis
eruditissimus
,
&
in
secularibus
literis
utique
doctissimus
:
Theologorum
Princeps
:
splendor
Philosophorum
,
&
Rhetorum
lumen
;
vita
&
conversatione
integer
,
atque
sanctissimus
.
He
was
of
an
acute
wit
,
whereby
he
overthrew
Eutiches
,
Pelagius
,
(
who
dyed
in
his
time
of
the
Plague
at
Rome
)
and
divers
other
Hereticks
.
He
severely
reproved
the
Bishop
of
Constantinople
,
who
would
have
been
called
Universal
,
which
he
cals
Nomen
istud
blasphemia
,
That
Name
of
blasphemy
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
He
is
poor
whose
soul
is
void
of
grace
,
not
whose
coffers
are
emptie
of
money
:
Spiritual
poverty
.
Contented
poverty
is
true
riches
:
And
again
,
God
is
never
absent
,
though
the
wicked
have
him
not
in
their
thoughts
:
where
he
is
not
by
favour
,
he
is
by
punishment
and
terrour
.
He
could
never
read
those
words
,
Son
,
remember
in
thy
life
time
thou
receivedst
good
things
,
without
horror
and
astonishment
;
least
having
such
dignities
and
honors
as
he
had
,
he
should
be
excluded
from
his
portion
in
Heaven
.
It
is
said
of
him
,
that
he
was
the
worst
Romane
Bishop
of
all
those
that
were
before
him
:
and
the
best
of
all
those
that
followed
him
.
He
wrote
Expositions
upon
the
greatest
part
of
the
Bible
.
His
works
.
His
Works
are
contained
in
6
Tome
.
The
Life
of
Isidore
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
675.
ISidorus
Hispalensis
,
His
birth
and
education
.
by
birth
a
Spaniard
,
carefully
educated
by
his
Parents
,
of
a
quick
wit
,
and
able
memory
,
admired
for
his
Learning
and
Eloquence
,
was
chosen
Bishop
of
Sivil
under
Mauritius
the
Emperour
,
wherein
he
was
very
painful
,
and
could
accommodate
his
speech
fitly
both
to
the
ignorant
and
learned
:
He
was
full
of
mercy
and
good
fruits
.
He
was
had
in
great
honor
,
his
fame
spreading
abroad
far
and
wide
,
both
for
his
Life
and
learning
:
He
so
macerated
his
body
with
Labors
,
and
enriched
his
Soul
with
Divine
Learning
and
Contemplations
,
that
he
seemed
to
live
an
Angels
life
upon
Earth
.
His
death
.
He
dyed
in
the
Reign
of
Heraclius
the
Emperour
,
about
the
year
675.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
Knowledge
and
a
good
life
are
both
profitable
:
yet
if
both
cannot
be
obtained
a
good
life
is
to
be
sought
rather
then
much
knowledge
.
Holiness
.
And
,
As
the
Viper
is
killed
by
the
young
ones
in
her
belly
;
Sinful
thoughts
.
so
are
we
betrayed
and
killed
by
our
own
thoughts
,
nourished
in
our
bosomes
,
which
consume
and
poison
the
soul.
And
,
All
things
may
be
shunned
,
but
a
mans
own
heart
:
a
man
cannot
run
from
himself
:
Guilty
conscience
.
a
guiltie
conscience
will
not
forsake
him
wheresoever
he
goes
:
And
,
The
Divels
have
a
threefold
prescience
:
1.
By
natural
subtiltie
.
2.
By
experience
.
3.
By
supernatural
revelation
.
Danger
of
pride
.
And
,
He
that
begins
to
grow
better
,
let
him
beware
least
he
grow
proud
:
least
vain-glory
give
him
a
greater
overthrow
then
his
former
vices
.
BEDE
The
Life
of
Bede
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
.
735.
VEnerable
Bede
,
His
birth
and
education
.
an
English
Saxon
,
was
born
Anno
Christi
671.
near
to
the
Monastery
of
S.
Peter
and
S.
Paul
in
Wyrimunda
.
His
Parents
dying
when
he
was
but
seven
years
old
,
he
was
bred
up
in
that
Monasterie
,
under
two
Abbots
,
Bennet
and
Ceolfride
,
men
famous
in
those
times
for
Religion
and
Learning
;
under
whom
he
was
trained
up
,
and
from
his
childhood
accustomed
to
Virtue
and
Piety
.
He
proved
very
learned
in
Philosophie
,
Astronomie
,
Musick
,
and
Poetrie
;
In
Greek
,
Rhetorick
,
Arithmetick
,
and
Historie
:
but
especially
he
was
very
studious
of
the
Holy
Scriptures
:
Three
things
were
familiar
to
him
in
his
whole
life
;
To
Pray
,
Write
,
and
Preach
.
He
was
made
Deacon
at
nineteen
years
old
,
He
is
made
Deacon
.
and
a
Presbyter
at
thirty
:
after
which
time
he
wholly
devoted
himself
to
the
meditation
of
the
Holy
Scriptures
.
And
Presbyter
.
He
was
so
famous
for
Learning
and
Piety
,
that
he
was
sent
for
to
Rome
by
Pope
Sergius
,
to
help
to
settle
the
Churches
peace
:
His
humility
.
He
was
very
modest
,
never
hunting
after
preferments
,
so
devout
in
reading
the
Scriptures
,
that
he
would
often
shed
tears
,
Scriptures
read
with
devotion
.
and
after
he
ended
reading
,
conclude
with
Prayers
.
He
hated
idleness
,
and
would
oft
say
,
That
there
was
so
much
work
to
do
for
a
Divine
in
so
little
time
,
that
he
ought
not
to
lose
any
of
it
.
And
for
pleasures
we
must
deal
with
them
(
said
he
)
as
we
do
with
honey
,
Pleasures
to
be
avoided
.
onely
touch
it
with
the
tip
of
the
finger
,
not
with
the
whole
hand
,
for
fear
of
surfeit
.
He
finished
his
works
Anno
Christi
731.
His
death
.
and
dyed
about
735.
and
of
his
Age
70.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
He
is
a
sluggard
that
would
reign
with
God
,
and
not
labor
for
God
:
in
the
promised
rewad
he
takes
delight
:
but
the
commanded
〈◊〉
do
affright
him
.
Anger
.
And
,
Anger
doth
languish
by
〈◊〉
,
but
flames
higher
by
expressing
.
He
wrote
on
all
the
Liberal
Arts
sundry
excellent
Treatises
.
Though
he
lived
in
the
uttermost
corner
of
the
World
,
yet
neglected
he
not
the
body
of
the
Greek
and
Hebrew
Tongues
:
He
had
many
excellent
scholars
,
whom
by
his
counsel
and
example
he
drew
to
an
inestimable
love
of
the
holy
Scriptures
,
endeavouring
to
make
them
as
famous
for
their
Religion
and
Piety
as
they
were
for
their
Learning
.
His
virtue
.
He
was
of
a
very
bountiful
Disposition
,
Venerable
for
his
knowledge
and
Integrity
of
Life
;
Full
of
Charity
,
Devotion
,
and
Chastity
.
He
was
of
a
comly
Stature
,
His
character
.
grave
Pace
,
clear
Voice
,
Eloquent
Tongue
,
amiable
Countenance
,
which
seemed
to
be
composed
of
gravity
and
mildness
.
He
was
very
affable
to
such
as
were
good
:
A
terror
to
such
as
were
proud
and
wicked
:
yet
milde
and
humble
to
his
Fraternity
.
What
he
learned
out
of
Gods
Word
by
study
and
meditation
,
he
communicated
it
to
others
without
envy
:
He
had
Scholars
that
flockt
to
him
but
of
all
parts
of
England
,
desiring
to
be
trained
up
in
Learning
and
Manners
under
such
a
Master
:
For
his
Conversation
was
a
rule
of
Religion
and
honesty
to
all
about
him
.
Anno
Christi
731.
His
works
.
and
of
his
Age
59.
he
finished
the
Catalogue
of
his
Writings
which
are
many
,
and
that
upon
most
Books
in
the
Old
and
New
Testament
,
besides
Epistles
,
Histories
of
the
Saints
,
the
History
of
his
own
Abbey
,
the
Ecclesiastical
History
of
his
own
Nation
in
five
Books
,
a
Martyrologie
,
a
Book
of
Hymns
,
and
many
others
,
which
are
all
printed
at
Collen
,
Anno
Christi
1612.
In
his
sickness
he
comforted
himself
with
that
of
the
Apostle
,
Heb.
12.
6.
Whom
the
Lord
loveth
he
chastneth
,
and
scourgeth
every
for
whom
he
receiveth
.
When
his
Scholars
were
weeping
about
him
,
he
said
in
the
words
of
S.
Ambrose
,
Non
sic
vixi
ut
pudeat
me
inter
vos
vivere
,
sed
nec
mori
timeo
,
quiah
onum
Dominum
habemus
.
The
time
is
come
if
my
Creator
pleaseth
,
that
being
freed
from
the
flesh
,
I
shall
go
to
him
,
who
made
me
when
I
was
not
,
out
of
nothing
:
I
have
lived
long
,
and
the
time
of
my
dissolution
is
approaching
:
And
my
soul
desireth
to
see
my
Saviour
Christ
in
his
glory
.
After
his
death
one
of
his
scholars
was
very
desirous
to
have
made
an
Epitaph
:
Haec
sunt
in
fossa
Bede
sancti
,
or
Presbyteri
,
Ossa
.
yet
he
could
not
make
up
the
verse
with
those
words
:
But
in
the
morning
this
was
found
on
his
Tomb
:
Hâc
sunt
in
fossa
Bedae
venerabilis
ossa
.
Here
lies
intombed
in
these
stones
Of
Venerable
Bead
the
Bones
.
The
Life
of
John
Damascen
,
who
flourished
Anno
Christi
730.
IOhn
Damascen
was
born
in
Damascus
,
His
birth
and
education
.
of
Religious
Parents
,
who
carefully
brought
him
up
in
Learning
,
wherein
he
profited
exceedingly
,
so
that
he
attained
to
the
knowledg
of
all
the
Liberal
Sciences
;
After
which
going
to
Jerusalem
,
he
studied
the
Scripture
and
Divinity
,
where
he
was
made
a
Presbyter
,
Preached
diligently
,
and
much
propagated
the
Faith
by
his
Sermons
and
Writings
:
His
death
.
A
great
opposer
of
Hereticks
he
was
:
He
flourished
under
Leo
▪
and
dyed
in
peace
.
He
was
a
very
Eloquent
man
,
and
second
to
none
of
that
Age
in
Learning
:
He
wrote
three
Books
of
Parallels
of
the
Sacred
Scriptures
,
His
works
.
four
Books
of
the
Orthodox
Faith
,
besides
many
other
Works
which
are
printed
at
Paris
,
Anno
Christi
1619.
The
Life
of
Theophylact
,
who
flourished
Anno
Christi
880.
THeophylact
born
in
Constantinople
,
His
birth
and
imployments
.
and
afterwards
Archbishop
of
the
same
,
was
much
imployed
in
visiting
and
reforming
the
Churches
in
Bulgarie
,
and
when
he
had
proved
himself
a
painful
laborer
in
the
dangerous
persecutions
there
,
His
death
.
he
yielded
up
his
spirit
to
his
Maker
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
Be
not
troubled
if
this
man
lives
in
tranquillity
,
and
thou
in
tribulation
,
Submission
to
Gods
will
.
God
will
have
it
so
:
he
puts
thee
into
the
combat
,
His
Contentation
.
thou
must
therefore
sweat
hard
before
thou
com'st
off
with
the
victory
:
whereas
he
that
comes
forward
in
the
World
,
goes
back
in
Grace
:
his
estate
is
miserable
that
goes
laughing
to
destruction
,
as
a
Fool
to
the
stocks
for
correction
.
He
wrote
in
Greek
Commentaries
upon
the
four
Evangelists
which
are
translated
into
Latine
by
Charles
Morell
,
His
works
.
and
printed
at
Paris
Anno
Christi
1631.
The
Life
of
Anselm
,
who
flourished
Anno
Christi
1080.
ANselm
,
His
birth
and
education
.
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
was
born
at
Aosta
,
or
Augusta
Praetoriana
,
at
the
foot
of
the
Alps
in
Italy
,
and
therefore
as
an
Italian
,
he
always
favoured
the
cause
of
the
Romane
Bishop
.
He
was
carefully
brought
up
in
Learning
by
his
Mother
Ermerburga
,
till
he
was
fourteen
years
old
;
when
she
dying
,
Given
to
pleasures
.
he
gave
himself
awhile
to
vain
pleasures
,
and
his
Father
being
severe
to
him
,
he
resolved
to
travel
,
in
which
he
met
with
wants
,
His
travels
and
want
.
spent
three
years
in
Burgundie
and
France
,
and
then
became
Scholar
to
Lanfrancus
Abbot
of
Beck
,
where
being
held
hard
to
his
study
,
Enters
into
a
Monastery
.
he
entred
into
a
Monasterie
,
and
by
his
strict
carriage
there
,
his
fame
spread
abroad
,
and
the
old
Abbot
dying
,
Is
made
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
.
he
succeeded
him
,
and
after
the
death
of
Lanfrank
,
he
was
chosen
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
:
He
received
such
honours
and
uncouragements
from
Pope
Vrbane
,
as
never
Bishop
received
greater
from
a
Pope
.
For
at
the
Council
of
Barum
in
Apulia
,
the
Pope
placed
him
at
his
right
foot
above
al
others
,
which
was
ever
since
the
place
of
the
Archbishops
of
Canterbury
in
all
General
Councils
Much
contention
was
between
William
Rufus
King
of
England
,
and
him
,
His
contention
with
our
Kings
.
which
caused
him
to
leave
the
Kingdom
till
Henry
the
First
his
time
,
when
he
was
reinvested
again
,
but
lived
not
long
after
his
return
into
England
before
he
dyed
,
His
death
.
which
was
Anno
Christi
1109.
and
in
the
9.
year
of
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
First
,
and
of
his
Age
76.
He
was
indeed
the
Popes
Factor
in
England
for
denyal
of
Investures
to
the
King
,
and
Marriages
to
the
Ministers
:
but
otherwise
he
was
found
in
the
main
points
of
our
Religion
;
and
taught
many
things
contrary
to
the
corrupt
Tenents
of
the
Church
of
Rome
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
That
if
he
should
see
the
shame
of
sin
on
the
one
hand
,
Sin
hateful
.
and
the
pains
of
Hell
on
the
other
,
and
must
of
necessitie
chuse
one
,
he
would
rather
be
thrust
into
Hell
withoute
sin
,
then
go
into
Heaven
with
sin
.
Mans
fall
.
And
again
,
O
durus
casus
▪
&c.
Oh
hard-hap
!
Alas
,
what
did
man
lost
?
what
did
he
finde
?
He
lost
the
blessedness
to
which
he
was
made
;
and
found
death
to
which
he
was
not
made
.
The
Life
of
Nicephorus
,
who
flourished
Anno
Christi
1110.
NIcephorus
,
His
learning
.
a
man
of
profound
Judgment
and
Learning
,
both
in
Humanity
and
Divinity
,
flourished
under
Andrenicus
senior
the
Emperour
,
Anno
Christi
1110.
He
was
a
great
light
,
when
the
World
was
in
great
darkness
,
and
both
by
his
Life
and
Doctrine
illuminated
many
.
His
works
.
He
wrote
his
Ecclesiastical
History
in
eighteen
Books
in
Greek
,
and
Dedicated
them
to
the
Emperour
Andronicus
,
and
not
long
after
exchanged
this
Life
for
Eternal
glory
.
His
death
.
He
said
,
His
sayings
.
God
beholds
,
and
moderates
our
actions
,
using
the
scourge
of
affliction
for
our
castigation
,
Afflictions
.
and
conversion
:
and
after
due
correction
,
shews
his
Fatherly
affection
to
those
that
trust
in
h●m
for
Salvation
.
And
,
Christ
asked
Peter
three
times
if
he
loved
him
:
not
for
his
own
information
,
but
that
by
his
threefold
profession
,
he
might
help
and
heal
his
threefold
negation
of
him
.
BERNARD
The
Life
of
Bernard
,
who
dyed
An.
Christi
1153.
BErnard
was
born
in
Burgundie
in
the
Town
of
Fontane
:
His
birth
and
parentage
.
His
Fathers
name
was
Tecelinus
,
of
an
ancient
Family
,
and
a
brave
Souldier
:
but
that
which
most
commended
him
was
that
he
feared
God
,
and
loved
Justice
,
and
following
the
counsel
of
John
the
Baptist
,
he
did
wrong
to
no
man
,
and
was
content
with
his
wages
.
His
Mothers
name
was
Aleth
,
of
the
Castle
called
Mont-Barr
,
a
woman
eminent
for
Piety
,
Chastity
,
and
Charity
,
bringing
up
her
children
in
the
fear
of
God
:
She
had
seven
children
,
six
sons
,
and
one
daughter
,
all
which
she
nursed
with
her
own
breasts
.
Bernard
was
her
third
son
,
His
education
.
whom
from
his
Infancy
(
with
Hannah
)
she
devoted
to
the
Service
of
God
,
and
therefore
brought
him
not
up
tenderly
and
delicately
,
but
inured
him
to
course
fare
,
and
hardship
,
and
as
soon
as
he
was
of
capacity
,
instilled
into
him
the
knowledge
of
the
Sacred
Scriptures
,
and
instructed
him
in
the
Principles
of
Religion
:
and
finding
him
to
be
of
an
acute
wit
,
ready
apprehension
,
firm
memory
,
comly
feature
,
courteous
and
meek
deportment
,
and
much
addicted
to
Learning
,
she
set
him
to
Schole
betimes
to
Castillion
,
under
the
care
and
tuition
of
able
Scholemasters
:
and
the
boy
being
piously
addicted
,
studious
,
&
of
a
quick
apprehension
,
easily
answered
his
Mothers
desire
and
expectation
,
profiting
in
Learning
above
his
age
,
and
out-stripping
all
his
school-fellows
,
and
shewed
withall
a
great
contempt
of
all
Earthly
things
;
and
indeed
he
was
very
simple
in
all
worldly
affairs
:
He
shunned
company
,
and
affected
retiredness
;
was
much
in
meditation
:
obedient
to
his
Parents
:
grateful
and
curteous
to
all
:
He
was
exceeding
shamefac't
and
modest
;
loved
not
to
speak
much
:
His
modesty
.
Towards
God
very
devout
,
that
he
might
keep
himself
pure
in
his
childhood
:
And
amongst
other
Learning
,
he
was
frequent
in
reading
the
holy
Scriptures
,
that
from
thence
he
might
learn
to
know
and
serve
God
:
So
that
it
cannot
be
imagined
how
much
he
profited
in
a
short
time
.
Whilst
he
was
yet
a
boy
,
he
was
much
troubled
with
a
pain
in
his
head
,
and
lying
upon
his
bed
,
there
was
brought
to
him
a
woman
who
had
undertaken
to
cure
him
with
certain
verses
and
charms
:
He
refuses
cure
by
a
charm
.
but
as
soon
as
he
heard
her
begin
to
utter
her
verses
,
wherewith
she
used
to
deceive
the
simple
,
he
cryed
out
with
great
indignation
to
have
her
taken
away
from
him
,
saying
,
That
he
had
rather
endure
the
hand
of
God
,
then
to
be
cured
by
the
power
of
the
Devil
:
His
zeal
.
And
God
had
respect
to
the
zeal
of
the
boy
;
for
presently
after
he
was
freed
from
his
pain
.
What
money
was
given
him
whilst
he
was
thus
young
,
His
charity
.
he
privately
gave
it
away
to
the
Poor
.
When
he
was
grown
to
be
a
young
man
,
his
Mother
having
seen
him
to
exceed
her
expectation
,
falling
sick
,
quietly
resigned
up
her
spirit
unto
God
:
And
Bernard
began
now
to
grow
famous
for
his
strict
course
of
life
,
elegancy
of
feature
,
sweet
manners
,
sharp
wit
,
and
eloquent
tongue
;
so
that
many
opportunities
were
put
into
his
hand
whereby
he
might
have
attained
to
great
dignity
in
the
World
:
Hereupon
the
Devil
who
watcheth
all
opportunities
to
do
mischief
,
laid
his
snares
for
him
,
seeking
to
draw
him
to
uncleanness
,
and
presenting
an
object
,
whilst
Bernard
for
a
time
fixed
his
eyes
too
firmly
upon
her
,
He
is
tempted
to
uncleanness
.
he
began
to
feel
the
burnings
of
his
youthly
lusts
to
stir
in
him
:
but
quickly
coming
to
himself
he
blushed
for
shame
,
and
purposing
revenge
,
he
presently
ran
into
a
Pool
(
the
weather
being
cold
)
up
to
the
neck
,
How
he
cures
〈◊〉
.
where
he
continued
till
he
was
almost
starved
,
thereby
quenching
that
inward
flame
which
before
scorched
him
:
and
withall
studying
how
to
avoid
such
snares
and
temptations
for
the
time
to
come
,
he
resolved
to
enter
into
a
Monastery
of
the
Cistercians
,
which
was
the
strictest
Order
of
Friers
,
perswading
himself
that
there
he
might
live
retired
from
the
World
,
and
enjoy
the
freer
Communion
with
God
:
But
this
purpose
of
his
coming
to
the
Ears
of
his
Brethren
and
Friends
,
they
laboured
by
all
means
to
disswade
him
,
exhorting
him
rather
to
continue
in
his
studies
of
Humane
Learning
,
which
might
bring
him
to
preferment
in
the
World
:
This
tentation
had
almost
prevailed
with
him
,
till
the
remembrance
of
his
Mothers
purpose
and
care
to
set
him
apart
for
the
service
of
God
came
into
his
minde
:
and
then
retiring
into
a
private
place
,
he
poured
out
his
Prayers
well
watered
with
tears
unto
God
,
seeking
unto
him
for
direction
and
counsel
,
and
from
that
day
forward
he
was
confirmed
in
his
resolution
,
and
could
by
no
means
be
removed
from
the
same
:
Yea
,
his
zeal
was
such
,
He
enters
into
a
Monastery
with
his
brethren
.
that
he
rested
not
till
he
had
perswaded
four
of
his
Brethren
to
leave
the
world
,
and
all
their
worldly
preferments
,
and
to
join
with
him
in
the
same
course
of
life
:
And
when
they
had
taken
their
leave
of
their
Father
,
and
were
going
towards
the
Monastery
,
they
saw
their
youngest
Brother
[
Nivard
]
a
boy
playing
amongst
boys
,
to
whom
Guido
the
elder
Brother
said
,
Farewel
Brother
Nivard
,
behold
we
leave
to
you
all
our
Earthly
possessions
:
But
he
presently
answered
,
Heaven
better
then
the
Earth
.
You
will
take
Heaven
,
and
leave
me
the
Earth
,
this
is
no
equal
division
:
And
so
going
home
to
his
Father
,
after
a
while
he
resolved
to
leave
all
,
and
to
enter
into
the
same
course
of
life
with
his
Brethren
,
which
he
did
accordingly
.
These
Brethren
being
thus
entred
into
the
Monastery
,
lived
under
the
government
of
one
Steven
,
who
was
their
Abbot
,
which
was
Anno
Christi
.
1113.
and
in
the
22
year
of
Bernards
age
.
When
Bernard
entred
into
this
course
of
life
,
he
intended
wholly
to
sequester
himself
from
the
World
;
but
God
intended
otherwise
,
who
had
prepared
him
to
be
a
Vessel
of
honour
for
his
own
glory
:
This
Bernard
knew
not
,
and
therefore
lived
privately
in
his
Cell
;
spending
his
time
in
Study
,
Meditation
,
and
Prayer
,
His
diligence
.
often
saying
to
himself
,
Bernard
,
Bernard
,
Remember
for
what
end
thou
camest
hither
?
He
allowed
himself
very
little
time
for
sleep
,
often
complaining
that
all
that
time
was
lost
;
and
indeed
in
so
sparing
a
dyet
as
he
used
,
there
was
need
of
the
less
sleep
:
for
he
never
indulged
himself
in
either
,
neither
eating
nor
sleeping
to
saciety
.
Yea
,
by
his
rigid
abstinence
he
so
weakned
his
stomach
,
that
he
was
scarce
able
to
retain
food
when
he
had
eaten
it
,
and
that
little
which
he
did
retain
served
rather
to
retard
death
,
then
to
prolong
his
life
:
yet
all
this
while
be
remitted
nothing
of
his
studies
and
labors
:
His
great
labors
.
Insomuch
as
he
equalled
the
other
Monks
in
digging
of
the
ground
,
felling
of
wood
,
and
carrying
it
home
upon
his
shoulders
:
and
when
his
strength
failed
,
he
busied
himself
about
meaner
services
:
and
whensoever
he
had
any
intermission
he
spent
his
time
in
Prayer
,
and
reading
the
Sacred
Scriptures
,
which
afterwards
in
the
midst
of
his
bodily
labors
he
meditated
over
again
.
He
read
also
the
best
Expositors
,
yet
took
far
more
delight
in
the
Fountain
,
then
in
these
streams
,
whereby
he
became
very
mighty
in
the
Scriptures
,
His
love
to
the
Scriptures
.
which
stood
him
in
great
use
,
when
afterwards
he
became
a
Preacher
.
Shortly
after
Steven
sent
forth
some
of
these
Brethren
to
build
the
Monastery
of
Claraeval
,
appointing
Bernard
to
be
their
Abbot
.
The
place
was
in
the
Territory
of
the
Lingones
,
Is
made
Abbot
of
Claraval
.
not
far
from
the
River
Alba
,
where
they
lived
in
penury
,
hunger
,
thirst
,
cold
,
watchings
,
and
prayer
,
and
Bernard
understanding
that
the
Ministry
of
the
Word
was
much
wanting
in
that
Country
,
burning
with
a
zeal
to
save
souls
,
His
zeal
.
resolved
to
set
upon
that
work
,
and
seeking
one
by
whom
he
might
be
ordained
Minister
,
he
pitched
upon
the
Bishop
of
Catalonia
,
He
is
ordained
a
Presbyter
.
to
whom
when
he
came
,
and
had
conversed
a
while
with
him
,
there
grew
a
very
strict
bond
of
friendship
betwixt
them
:
After
his
Ordination
he
was
very
frequent
and
fervent
in
Preaching
the
Word
of
God
wheresoever
he
came
,
whereby
he
grew
very
famous
.
Yet
Otho
Bishop
shop
of
Frising
,
who
was
his
contemporary
,
blameth
him
for
three
things
:
What
was
blame
worthy
in
him
.
1.
For
his
jealousie
,
which
carryed
him
away
with
wrong
conceits
.
2.
For
credulity
,
or
lightness
of
belief
,
giving
Ear
to
tale-bearers
and
lyars
with
too
much
facility
,
which
made
him
so
earnest
against
the
Gospellers
,
who
were
better
men
then
himslef
.
3.
For
prejudice
,
especially
against
Learned
men
,
who
by
the
help
of
Art
soared
alost
like
Eagles
beyond
the
pitch
of
his
capacity
:
For
though
himslef
had
an
excellent
natural
wit
,
yet
he
was
little
studied
in
the
Arts
and
Sciences
,
and
whosoever
went
not
in
the
rode
way
of
Learning
,
submitting
his
reason
to
the
Dictates
and
Pharses
of
the
Roman
Church
,
him
would
Bernard
suspectior
an
Heretick
.
Anno
Christi
1153.
His
sickness
.
he
fell
sick
,
and
wrote
this
Letter
to
Arnold
Abbot
of
Boneval
,
who
desired
to
know
how
he
did
in
his
sickness
.
His
Letter
to
the
Abbot
of
Ben●val
.
We
received
your
love
in
love
(
faith
he
)
and
not
in
pleasure
:
For
what
pleasure
can
there
be
where
pain
and
bitterness
challengeth
all
unto
it self
?
Only
it
s
a
little
delightful
to
me
to
eat
nothing
.
Sleep
hath
departed
from
me
,
that
sorrow
and
pain
may
never
depart
from
me
,
by
the
benefit
of
my
senses
lulled
asleep
.
The
want
of
a
stomach
is
almost
all
that
I
suffer
;
only
it
requireth
often
both
day
and
night
to
be
comforted
With
a
very
little
liquor
What
soever
it
be
:
But
if
at
any
time
I
admit
of
a
little
more
,
it
s
most
grievous
to
me
:
my
feet
and
thighes
be
swoln
as
theirs
Who
are
troubled
with
a
Dropsie
.
And
in
all
these
things
(
that
I
may
conceal
nothing
from
my
friend
who
desires
to
know
the
state
of
his
friend
)
the
Spirit
is
Willing
,
but
the
Flesh
is
weak
.
Pray
unto
my
Saviour
who
desireth
not
the
death
of
a
sinner
,
not
that
he
will
defer
,
but
that
he
will
guard
my
departure
by
his
blessed
Angels
.
Take
ye
care
that
my
heel
,
which
is
naked
of
merits
,
be
strengthened
and
defended
by
your
Prayers
:
that
he
which
lyeth
in
wait
may
not
finde
where
to
fasten
his
tooth
,
and
inflict
a
wound
.
Farewel
.
A
little
before
his
death
all
the
Monks
came
and
asked
him
whether
he
did
not
take
pity
on
them
,
and
their
Monastery
?
To
which
he
answered
,
that
he
was
in
a
great
straight
,
not
knowing
which
to
choose
,
Life
,
or
Death
:
but
left
all
to
the
Will
of
God
:
For
(
faith
he
)
my
Fatherly
love
moves
me
to
pity
you
my
children
,
so
as
to
desire
to
remain
here
:
but
on
the
other
side
my
desire
to
be
with
Christ
,
draws
me
to
long
to
depart
hence
.
His
humility
was
such
that
he
called
himself
an
unprofitable
servant
:
a
dry
tree
,
from
whom
no
good
had
come
either
to
himself
or
others
.
His
death
.
He
dyed
Aug.
20.
Anno
Christi
1153.
and
in
the
63
year
of
his
age
.
He
accompanyed
the
Bishop
of
Hostin
[
the
Popes
Legat
]
to
Tholouse
purposely
to
root
out
those
whom
he
called
Hereticks
,
but
indeed
were
the
true
servants
of
Christ
:
His
blinde
zeal
.
and
being
too
facile
and
misinsormed
himself
,
he
misreported
their
Opinions
and
Doctrines
:
shewing
himself
the
Grand
Factor
for
two
Popes
,
viz.
Innocent
the
second
,
and
Eugenius
the
third
.
One
Adm
,
a
Canon
Regular
made
this
Epitaph
on
him
;
Clare
sunt
valles
,
sed
claris
vallibus
Abbas
Clarior
,
his
clarum
women
in
orbe
deait
.
Clarus
avis
,
clarus
meritis
,
&
clarus
honore
,
Clarnt
ingenio
,
●t
Religione
magis
.
Mors
est
clars
,
cius
clarus
,
clarumg
,
sepulchrum
,
Clarior
exutat
spirtus
ante
Deum
.
He
had
many
opinions
differing
from
the
Church
of
Rome
:
His
opinions
differing
from
the
Church
of
Rome
.
As
that
there
were
but
two
Sacraments
:
Denyed
Transubslantiation
.
That
the
wicked
receive
not
Christs
Flesh.
That
we
are
justified
by
the
imputation
of
Christs
Righteousness
.
That
mans
Righteousness
justifieth
not
before
God
.
That
we
might
be
assured
of
our
Salvation
.
Denyed
works
of
Supererogation
,
I
ree-will
.
Would
not
have
Traditions
obstinately
defended
,
nor
superstitiously
observed
.
Complained
that
Popes
and
Bishops
were
the
greatest
Perfecutors
of
Christ
,
&c.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
Ambtion
is
a
gilded
miserie
,
a
secret
poyson
,
a
hidden
plague
,
the
eagineer
of
diccit
,
the
mother
of
hypocrisie
,
the
parent
of
envy
,
the
original
of
vices
,
the
moth
of
holiness
,
the
blinder
of
hearts
,
turning
medicines
into
maladies
and
remedies
into
diseases
.
Ever
when
he
came
to
the
Church-door
,
he
used
to
say
thus
to
himself
,
How
to
hear
.
Stay
here
all
my
worldly
thoughts
,
and
all
vanity
,
that
I
may
entertain
he
wents
meditations
.
His
Works
are
well
known
being
bound
up
together
in
one
Volume
.
His
works
.
The
life
of
Peter
Lombard
,
who
flourished
Anno
Christi
1196.
PEter
Lombard
was
born
at
Navaria
,
His
birth
.
afterwards
made
Bishop
of
Paris
,
was
contemporary
with
Gratian
;
and
as
Gratian
gathered
Canons
,
and
was
Master
of
the
Canons
,
so
this
Peter
collected
sentences
out
of
Ambrose
,
Hilarie
,
Augustine
,
Cassiodore
,
and
Remigius
,
and
out
of
them
,
with
some
addition
of
his
own
,
compiled
his
Books
.
He
wrote
Commentaries
on
the
Psalms
,
His
works
.
and
Pauls
Epistles
:
but
the
chiefest
of
his
Works
were
four
books
of
Sentences
:
the
first
concerning
the
Trinity
and
Unity
of
God
:
the
second
of
the
Creation
of
the
World
,
especially
of
Angles
and
Men
,
and
of
the
grace
of
God
:
the
third
of
the
Incarnation
of
the
word
,
and
of
Vertues
and
Vices
:
the
fourth
of
the
Sacraments
,
of
the
Resurrection
and
Judgement
,
for
which
he
was
called
the
Master
of
Sentences
.
Some
of
his
sayings
were
,
His
sayings
.
There
can
no
good
dwell
in
us
that
cannot
will
good
:
nor
can
we
perfect
good
that
cannot
desire
good
.
Sin
inherent
.
There
are
in
us
evill
concupiscences
and
desires
,
which
are
the
Divels
Weapons
,
whereby
when
God
forsakes
us
,
he
over-throws
us
,
and
gives
our
souls
a
deadly
wound
.
God
condemns
none
before
he
sins
,
nor
crowns
any
before
he
overcomes
.
Let
none
glory
in
the
gifts
of
Preachers
,
in
that
they
edisie
more
by
them
:
for
they
are
not
Authors
of
Grace
,
but
Ministers
.
The
instruction
of
words
is
not
so
powerful
,
as
the
exhortation
of
Works
:
for
if
they
that
teach
well
,
neglect
to
do
well
,
they
shall
hardly
profit
their
Audience
.
The
Life
of
Alexander
Hales
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1270.
ALexander
of
Hales
was
born
at
Hales
in
Gloucester
shire
,
His
birth
and
education
.
carefully
educated
,
of
an
excllent
wit
,
and
very
industrious
,
He
travelled
into
other
Countries
:
Read
a
long
time
in
Paris
:
he
made
there
the
Sum
of
Divinity
,
divided
into
four
parts
:
A
great
School-Divine
,
and
was
called
Docter
irresragabilis
.
He
was
master
to
Bonaventure
,
and
Thomas
Aquinas
:
He
writ
a
most
copious
and
notable
sum
of
Theology
by
the
command
of
Pope
Innocent
the
fourth
.
He
wrote
Marginal
Notes
upon
the
Old
and
New
Testament
,
and
Commented
on
most
of
the
Bible
.
His
life
was
full
of
charity
and
labor
.
He
dyed
Anno
Christi
1245.
His
sayings
,
His
sayings
.
A
soul
patient
when
wrongs
we
offered
,
is
like
a
man
with
a
sword
in
one
hand
,
Patience
.
and
salve
in
the
other
;
could
wound
,
but
will
bed
.
What
the
Eye
is
to
the
Body
,
Faith
is
to
Soul●
it
's
good
for
direction
if
it
be
kept
well
;
Faith
.
and
as
Flies
hurt
the
Eye
,
so
little
sins
and
ill
thoughts
the
Soul
.
Cov●tousness
deserves
the
hate
of
all
,
Covetousness
.
for
six
reasons
:
1.
It
's
a
sin
against
Nature
,
making
the
Soul
Terrene
,
which
should
be
Celestial
.
2.
For
the
many
curses
against
it
in
the
word
,
Wo
to
them
that
join
house
to
house
,
&c.
3.
For
the
many
evils
it
subjects
us
to
:
it
's
the
root
of
all
evil
.
4.
It
makes
a
man
a
Fool
:
O
Fool
this
night
,
&c.
5.
It
causes
strise●
:
From
whence
are
strifes
&c.
6.
It
brings
men
into
snares
which
drown
in
perdition
.
Iyes
.
Every
lye
is
odious
,
but
that
most
which
is
against
points
of
Faith
:
as
to
say
Christ
was
not
born
of
the
Virgin
,
&c.
Humility
.
Faith
must
be
defended
,
not
opposed
.
An
humble
man
is
like
a
good
tree
,
the
more
full
of
fruits
the
branches
are
,
the
lower
they
bend
themselves
.
The
Life
of
Bonaventure
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
,
1274.
BOnaventure
,
born
in
Etruria
in
Italie
,
of
Noble
and
devout
Parents
,
His
birth
.
was
of
a
winning
countenance
,
very
studious
,
and
a
great
follower
of
Alexender
Hales
.
He
engraved
in
his
study
that
saying
of
our
Lord
,
His
humility
.
Learn
of
me
,
for
I
am
meek
,
&c.
and
to
keep
his
minde
from
swelling
,
he
would
sweep
rooms
,
wash
vessels
,
make
beds
,
&c.
He
was
very
cheerful
in
ministring
to
the
Poor
:
His
charity
.
and
when
he
met
with
any
persons
that
were
troubled
in
minde
,
he
would
not
leave
them
till
they
found
comfort
.
He
was
much
in
Meditation
and
Prayer
:
In
Preaching
he
sought
to
inflame
the
hearts
of
his
hearers
:
Preachers
pattern
.
His
words
were
not
Inslantia
,
but
Inslammantia
,
not
High-swelling
,
but
Inflaming
.
He
hated
idleness
:
Read
over
the
whole
body
of
the
Fathers
,
His
Industry
.
and
out
of
them
made
that
famous
piece
that
he
cals
his
Pharetra
.
He
wrote
two
Bibles
out
with
his
own
hand
,
and
had
most
of
them
by
heart
.
His
employment
.
After
three
years
study
in
Paris
he
was
chosen
Divinity-Reader
there
.
He
was
called
Doctor
Seraphicus
,
was
present
at
the
Council
of
Lions
,
where
having
spent
himself
in
pious
actions
and
painful
studies
,
he
dyed
Anno
Christi
1274.
And
of
his
Age
53.
THO:
AQVINAS
The
Life
of
Thomas
Aquinas
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1274.
THomas
Aquinas
was
born
in
Italy
not
far
from
Naples
,
His
birth
and
breeding
.
Anno
Christi
1223.
and
was
bred
in
the
Monasterie
of
Cassine
:
His
character
.
He
was
humble
,
modelt
,
grave
,
industrious
,
and
witty
:
zealous
,
and
frequent
in
prayer
.
He
afterwards
taught
the
Sciences
in
Paris
,
Rome
,
Bononia
,
and
Naples
.
He
was
always
either
at
his
Book
,
His
studiousness
.
Disputations
,
or
Meditations
:
Insomuch
that
supping
at
Court
with
Lewis
the
French
King
,
whilst
others
were
discoursing
of
pleasant
matters
,
he
was
so
deep
in
his
meditation
,
that
forgetting
himself
,
he
stroke
the
table
with
his
hand
,
Meditation
.
saying
,
Jam
contra
Manicheos
conclusum
est
,
That
now
the
Manichees
were
foiled
.
His
humility
.
He
was
a
great
contemner
of
worldly
honors
,
and
wealth
:
When
promotions
were
offered
,
his
usual
answer
was
,
Chrysostomi
Commentarium
in
Matthaum
mallem
,
I
had
rather
have
Chrysostoms
Commentary
on
Matthew
.
Preachers
pattern
.
Inteaching
,
he
framed
his
speech
to
the
peoples
capacity
:
in
reproofs
,
he
hated
the
vice
,
but
spared
the
person
.
He
dyed
as
he
was
going
from
Naples
to
a
Council
at
Lyons
,
being
called
thither
by
Pope
Gregory
the
tenth
,
Anno
Christi
1274.
the
fiftieth
year
of
his
Age.
He
was
called
Doctor
Angelicus
.
He
used
to
say
,
A
good
conscience
.
That
a
day
will
come
when
fair
dealing
shall
be
found
a
Jewel
:
when
a
good
Conscience
shall
be
better
then
a
good
Purse
;
for
then
the
Judg
will
not
be
put
off
with
fair
words
,
nor
drawn
aside
with
hope
of
reward
;
Time
to
be
well
imployed
.
And
,
Make
much
of
time
,
especially
in
that
meighty
matter
of
Salvation
.
O
how
much
would
be
that
now
lies
frying
in
Hell
rejoyce
if
he
might
have
but
the
least
moment
of
time
wherein
be
might
get
Gods
favour
!
And
,
The
young
man
bath
death
at
his
back
,
Death
.
the
old
man
before
his
eyes
:
and
that
's
the
more
dangerous
Enemie
that
pursues
thee
,
then
that
which
marches
up
towards
thy
face
:
Repentance
.
Remember
that
though
God
promise
forgiveness
to
represtant
sinners
,
yet
he
doth
not
promise
that
they
shall
have
to
morrow
to
repent
in
.
His
works
are
many
,
His
works
which
are
well
known
.
JOHN
WICKLIFF
.
The
Life
of
John
Wicklief
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1384.
IOhn
Wicklief
an
English
man
born
,
His
birth
and
education
.
famous
both
for
Life
and
Learning
,
under
King
Ed
Ward
the
third
,
Anno
Christ
1371.
was
brought
up
in
Merton
Colledge
in
Oxford
,
profited
exceedingly
in
the
knowledge
of
the
Arts
,
and
School-Divinity
,
every
one
admiring
both
his
carriage
and
abilities
.
He
was
Divinity-Reader
in
Oxford
,
His
preferments
in
Oxford
.
and
also
preferred
to
a
Pastoral
charge
there
,
in
which
he
took
great
pains
,
and
protested
that
his
chief
end
and
purpose
,
was
to
call
back
the
Church
from
her
Idolatry
,
especially
in
the
matter
of
the
Sacrament
.
After
he
had
now
a
long
time
prosessed
Divinity
in
Oxford
,
perceiving
the
true
Doctrine
of
Christs
Gospel
to
be
adulterated
,
and
defiled
with
so
many
filthy
inventions
of
Bishops
,
His
zeal
.
Sects
of
Monks
,
and
Errors
,
with
many
secret
sighes
bewailing
the
general
ignorance
of
the
Christian
World
,
he
could
no
longer
suffer
,
nor
endure
the
same
,
whereupon
he
resolved
to
do
his
utmost
endeavor
for
the
Reformation
there
of
:
But
withall
foreseeing
how
dangerous
this
attempt
would
be
,
for
that
such
things
as
by
long
use
and
custom
had
been
rooted
in
mens
minds
,
could
not
suddenly
be
eradicated
and
pulled
out
,
he
judged
it
fittest
to
attempt
the
same
by
little
and
little
.
His
prudence
.
Where
upon
he
first
affailed
his
Adversaries
by
Logical
and
Metaphysical
questions
,
and
having
made
way
hereby
,
he
at
length
came
to
the
matter
of
the
Sacraments
,
and
other
abuses
of
the
Church
.
But
this
Bile
could
not
be
touched
without
great
grief
and
pain
to
the
whole
World
:
His
adversaries
.
For
first
the
rabble
of
Monks
and
begging
Fryars
were
enraged
against
him
,
who
(
as
so
many
Hornets
)
assaulted
him
on
every
side
:
after
them
the
Priests
,
and
lastly
the
Archbishop
Simon
Sudbury
took
him
in
hand
,
who
deprived
him
from
his
Benefice
which
he
had
in
Oxford
:
yet
being
befriended
and
supported
by
the
King
he
remained
there
still
till
about
the
year
1377.
His
friends
.
But
the
King
growing
old
and
infirm
,
and
his
son
called
Edward
the
black
Prince
being
now
dead
,
a
Parliament
was
convened
,
wherein
twelve
sage
and
discreet
Lords
and
Peers
were
chosen
to
manage
the
affairs
of
the
State
(
fix
at
one
time
,
and
fix
at
another
)
who
remained
for
a
certain
space
in
that
employment
:
but
they
afterwards
being
removed
,
the
whole
Government
of
the
Realm
under
the
King
was
devolved
upon
Iohn
of
Gaunt
Duke
of
Lancaster
.
This
John
was
a
great
friend
to
Wicklief
:
whereupon
to
disgrace
him
,
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
reported
that
the
said
John
was
not
King
Edwards
son
;
Popish
lyes
and
slanders
.
nor
of
the
Queen
,
who
being
in
travel
at
Gaunt
,
had
no
son
,
but
a
daughter
,
which
was
overlaid
by
the
Mother
in
bed
:
whereupon
the
Queen
,
fearing
the
Kings
displeasure
,
caused
a
man-childe
of
a
woman
of
Flanders
,
born
the
same
day
with
her
own
,
to
be
secretly
brought
to
her
,
whom
she
brought
up
,
and
is
now
called
Duke
of
Lancaster
;
and
this
(
as
the
Bishop
affirmed
)
the
Queen
told
him
upon
her
Death-bed
under
the
seal
of
Consession
;
yet
withall
enjoying
him
if
the
Kingdom
were
like
to
fall
to
him
,
to
reveal
it
,
so
that
a
false
Heir
might
not
be
King
;
which
slanderous
report
of
the
wicked
Bishop
,
as
it
savoured
of
a
contumelious
lye
;
so
many
apprehended
that
it
proceeded
from
his
zeal
to
uphold
his
Popish
Religion
;
The
foresaid
Duke
favouring
Wicklief
,
thereby
declared
himself
to
be
a
professed
Enemy
to
their
superstitious
practises
.
John
of
gaunt
Favers
Wicklies
.
The
Duke
being
justly
incensed
against
the
Bishop
for
this
soul
slairder
,
so
perseceuted
him
in
Parliament
,
that
he
was
condemned
,
and
deprived
of
all
his
Temporal
goods
:
The
Bishop
banished
.
he
was
also
inhibited
from
coming
within
twenty
miles
of
the
Court
:
But
shortly
after
the
Clergy
made
great
suit
in
the
Parliament
in
his
behalf
:
and
when
a
Subsidie
was
asked
in
the
Kings
name
of
the
Clergy
,
the
Bishops
complained
grievously
for
the
lack
of
their
Brother
of
Winchester
,
and
enforced
the
Archbishop
to
send
for
him
from
Winchester
,
to
appear
at
the
Convocation
of
the
Clergy
,
which
he
gladly
did
,
and
was
joyfully
received
by
the
Bishops
;
And
restored
.
and
by
means
of
one
Alice
Perris
,
a
wicked
Harlot
,
which
had
bewitched
the
Kings
heart
,
he
was
restored
to
his
Temporalties
again
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
sent
for
Wicklief
from
Oxford
,
who
had
now
proceeded
so
far
as
to
teach
,
that
in
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
the
accidents
of
Bread
and
Wine
remained
not
without
the
substance
:
proving
his
Assertion
by
the
Authority
of
Scriptures
and
the
Ancient
Fathers
,
and
withall
rejecting
such
as
had
written
upon
that
Argument
since
Anno
1000
,
saying
that
after
that
time
Satan
was
loosed
,
and
men
were
led
into
many
Errors
.
Wicklies
hated
by
the
Bishops
.
These
things
the
Bishops
hated
him
for
exceedingly
;
yet
by
the
favor
of
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
and
of
Henry
Lord
Percy
,
he
was
preserved
from
their
rage
and
fury
,
till
Anno
Christi
1376.
at
which
time
they
had
prevailed
with
their
Archibishop
Simon
Sudbury
,
who
had
before
deprived
him
,
and
prohibited
him
to
meddle
any
more
in
those
matters
,
to
send
forth
his
Citation
to
have
him
brought
before
them
.
Cited
to
appear
before
them
.
The
Duke
having
notice
hereof
,
and
fearing
that
he
being
but
one
,
should
be
too
weak
for
such
a
multitude
,
sent
for
four
Batchelors
of
Divinity
to
joyn
with
him
;
Is
encouraged
by
the
Duke
.
and
for
more
surety
,
when
the
day
of
his
appearance
was
come
,
himself
with
the
Lord
Percy
,
Marshal
of
England
went
along
with
him
.
As
they
went
along
,
they
enconraged
him
not
to
fear
the
faces
of
the
Bishops
,
who
(
say
they
)
are
all
unlearned
in
comparison
of
you
,
neither
be
you
troubled
at
the
concourse
of
the
people
,
for
we
will
defend
you
from
them
.
Being
thus
encouraged
,
Wicklief
approached
Pauls
Church
,
where
multitudes
of
persons
were
assembled
to
hear
what
should
be
spoken
and
done
,
insomuch
as
the
Lord
Marshal
could
searce
make
way
in
the
crowd
:
whereupon
Courtney
the
Bishop
of
London
seeing
what
stir
he
made
amongst
the
people
,
said
to
him
,
if
I
had
known
what
masteries
you
would
have
plaid
amongst
the
people
,
I
would
have
kept
you
out
of
this
place
:
at
which
speech
the
Duke
being
offended
,
said
that
he
would
keep
such
mastery
there
,
though
he
said
nay
.
When
they
came
to
the
place
where
the
Archbishop
and
Bishops
sate
,
Wicklief
presented
himself
before
them
to
know
what
should
be
laid
to
his
charge
.
Appears
before
the
Bishop
.
Then
the
Lord
Percie
speaking
to
him
,
bade
him
sit
down
,
for
that
having
many
things
to
answer
to
,
he
had
need
have
a
soft
seat
:
whereupon
the
Bishop
of
London
growing
into
a
great
fume
,
The
Bishops
pride
.
said
,
he
should
not
sit
there
,
neither
said
he
,
is
it
according
to
Law
or
Reason
,
Great
contention
.
that
he
that
is
cited
to
appear
before
his
Ordinary
should
sit
down
during
the
time
of
his
Answer
,
but
should
stand
:
This
kindled
such
a
fire
betwixt
them
,
the
one
rating
and
reviling
the
other
,
that
the
people
began
all
to
be
on
a
hurry
:
Then
the
Duke
taking
the
Lord
Percies
part
,
gave
some
hasty
words
to
the
Bishop
;
but
neither
did
the
Bishop
spare
him
one
jot
,
returning
rebukes
for
rebukes
,
so
that
the
Duke
was
ashamed
that
the
Bishop
should
out-rail
him
,
telling
him
that
he
would
take
a
course
to
bring
down
his
pride
,
and
of
all
the
Prelates
in
England
:
Hereupon
the
Londoners
cryed
out
,
that
they
would
rather
lose
their
lives
then
suffer
their
Bishop
to
be
abused
:
So
that
all
things
being
in
a
confusion
,
the
Assembly
was
dissolved
for
that
time
:
and
the
Duke
with
the
Lord
Pertie
returning
to
the
Parliament
,
A
Bill
in
Parliament
against
the
Londoners
.
that
day
a
Bill
was
put
up
in
the
name
of
the
King
by
the
Lord
Thomas
of
Woodstock
,
[
another
of
the
Kings
sons
]
and
the
Lord
Percie
,
that
London
should
be
no
more
governed
by
a
Major
,
but
by
a
Captain
,
a
formerly
it
had
been
,
and
that
the
Marshal
of
England
should
have
all
the
power
in
taking
the
arrests
in
the
City
,
as
he
had
in
other
Cities
.
This
Bill
one
John
Philpot
,
a
Burgess
for
London
,
stoutly
opposed
;
and
the
next
day
the
Londoners
assembled
themselves
together
in
Council
to
consider
what
to
do
about
it
:
and
whilst
they
were
in
consultation
,
came
in
two
Lords
,
the
Lord
Fitz-Walter
,
and
the
Lord
Guy
Brian
,
whom
the
Vulgar
sort
taking
to
be
Spies
,
were
ready
to
flye
upon
them
,
till
they
were
enforced
to
swear
that
they
came
for
no
harm
towards
them
;
and
that
if
it
proved
otherwise
they
would
be
content
to
forfeit
all
their
Goods
and
Possessions
in
the
City
.
Then
did
the
Lord
Fitz-Walter
tell
them
of
his
love
to
them
,
and
of
his
care
to
preserve
their
Liberties
,
which
said
he
,
If
you
do
not
speedily
look
to
,
and
prevent
,
you
will
lose
the
same
:
for
at
this
time
the
Lord
Marshal
hath
one
of
your
Citizens
in
prison
in
his
house
,
&c.
This
was
no
sooner
spoken
,
The
Citizens
make
a
tumult
.
but
the
rash
Citizens
ran
to
their
houses
,
armed
themselves
,
and
going
to
the
Lord
Percies
house
,
Their
rage
.
brake
open
his
gates
,
rescued
the
Prisoner
,
took
the
Stocks
and
burned
them
in
the
midst
of
the
City
,
searched
and
ransaked
his
house
for
the
Lord
himself
:
whom
if
they
had
found
,
they
would
certainly
have
slain
:
and
when
they
found
him
not
,
they
tore
and
cut
his
rich
Beds
and
Hangings
in
pieces
;
and
then
supposing
him
to
be
with
the
Duke
,
they
ran
to
the
Savoy
,
where
though
they
were
disappointed
of
their
cruel
purpose
,
yet
they
took
the
Dukes
Arms
,
and
hung
them
up
in
a
reproachful
manner
in
the
midst
of
the
City
,
as
if
he
had
been
a
Traitor
:
They
also
so
wounded
a
Priest
that
spake
in
his
defence
,
that
he
dyed
within
a
few
days
after
,
and
meeting
one
of
the
Dukes
men
with
his
Arms
hanging
in
a
Plate
on
his
Breast
,
they
pulled
him
off
his
Horse
,
pulled
the
Arms
from
him
,
and
had
slain
the
man
but
that
he
was
speedily
rescued
by
the
Maior
.
But
these
out
rages
created
much
trouble
to
the
Londoners
,
which
being
beside
my
purpose
,
I
shall
leave
the
Reader
to
search
them
out
in
the
Chronicles
of
those
times
.
Shortly
after
the
old
King
Edward
dyed
,
and
his
Grand-son
Richard
the
second
succeeded
him
:
upon
which
change
the
Bishops
taking
notice
that
the
Duke
and
the
Lord
Percie
had
given
over
their
Offices
,
living
privately
at
their
own
houses
without
medling
with
State
affairs
,
they
thought
it
a
fit
time
to
revenge
themselves
upon
John
Wicklief
;
whereupon
they
caused
these
Articles
to
be
gathered
and
drawn
up
out
of
his
Sermons
against
him
.
Articles
against
Wicklief
.
1.
That
the
holy
Eucharist
after
the
Consecration
is
not
the
very
body
and
blood
of
Christ
,
but
figuratively
.
2.
That
the
Church
of
Rome
is
not
the
head
of
all
other
Churches
in
the
World
:
nor
that
Peter
had
any
more
power
given
him
by
Christ
,
then
any
other
of
the
Apostles
.
3.
That
the
Pope
of
Rome
hath
no
more
power
of
the
Keys
then
any
〈…〉
.
4.
That
the
Lords
Tomporal
may
lawfully
take
away
the
Temporalties
of
the
Church
men
offending
habitualiter
.
5.
That
the
Gospel
is
of
it self
a
sufficient
rule
both
of
Faith
and
Manners
without
any
other
rule
.
6.
That
neither
the
Pope
,
nor
any
other
Prelate
ought
to
have
Prisons
of
their
own
wherein
to
punish
offenders
&c.
These
with
some
others
the
Bishops
gathered
out
of
his
Sermons
and
Writings
,
Condemned
at
Rome
.
Persecuted
.
which
they
sent
to
Pope
Gregory
,
who
condemned
them
for
Heretical
and
Erroneous
by
twenty
three
Cardinals
;
and
withall
sent
his
Bull
to
Oxford
,
rebuking
them
sharply
for
suffering
Wickliefs
Doctrine
so
long
to
take
root
amongst
them
,
and
not
wholly
eradicating
the
same
;
which
Bull
being
exhibited
by
the
Popes
messenger
to
the
Proctors
and
Masters
of
the
University
,
they
deliberated
long
amongst
themselves
whether
they
should
receive
it
with
honor
,
or
reject
it
with
contempt
.
The
Pope
also
at
the
same
time
sent
Letters
to
the
Archbishop
Sudbury
,
and
Bishop
Courtney
of
London
,
commanding
them
to
apprehend
and
imprison
Wicklief
,
and
to
admonish
the
King
and
Nobles
of
England
,
that
they
should
not
give
any
Credit
to
John
Wicklief
or
his
Doctrine
in
any
wise
.
He
wrote
also
at
the
same
time
to
the
King
,
desiring
him
to
assist
the
Bishops
in
the
apprehension
and
imprisonment
of
John
Wicklief
.
These
Letters
so
encouraged
the
Bishops
,
The
Bishops
resolve
to
proceed
against
Wicklief
.
that
they
resolved
to
proceed
against
him
in
their
Provincial
Council
,
all
fear
or
favor
set
apart
,
and
that
no
person
neither
high
nor
low
should
hinder
them
,
neither
would
they
be
induced
to
favor
him
neither
by
intreaty
,
threatnings
,
nor
reward
:
but
that
they
would
proceed
roundly
with
him
,
though
it
should
be
to
the
hazard
of
their
lives
.
But
it
pleased
God
by
a
small
matter
to
confound
and
overthrow
their
devices
,
notwithstanding
all
their
proud
brags
and
policies
:
For
the
day
of
Examination
being
come
,
A
special
providence
.
there
came
in
a
Courtier
amongst
them
called
Lewis
Clifford
,
a
m
a
of
no
great
birth
,
and
commanded
them
that
they
should
not
proceed
to
any
definitive
sentence
against
John
Wicklief
,
wherewith
the
Bishops
were
so
amazed
and
crest-faln
,
that
they
became
as
mute
ment
,
not
having
one
word
to
answer
:
And
thus
it
pleased
God
by
his
Providence
thus
once
more
to
deliver
Mr.
Wicklief
out
of
their
cruel
hands
:
and
one
that
writes
this
story
saith
further
,
that
whilst
the
Bishops
were
sitting
in
the
Chappel
at
Lambeth
upon
John
Wicklief
,
not
only
the
Citizens
of
London
,
but
(
saith
he
)
the
vile
abjects
of
the
City
were
so
bold
as
to
intreat
for
him
,
and
to
stop
the
Bishops
in
their
proceedings
.
And
thus
was
Wicklief
dismissed
,
the
Bishops
charging
him
that
he
should
Preach
no
more
such
Doctrine
to
the
offence
and
hurt
of
the
Lay
people
:
yet
being
departed
,
he
ceased
not
to
proceed
in
his
godly
purpose
,
His
zeal
and
diligence
.
going
up
and
down
bare-footed
,
and
in
a
Frize
Gown
,
endeavouring
by
his
Ministry
still
to
edifie
and
profit
the
Church
as
formerly
he
had
done
.
And
Gods
Providence
so
ordered
it
,
that
about
the
same
time
Pope
Gregory
the
11th
dyed
:
Other
providences
.
whereupon
ensued
such
a
Schism
in
the
Church
of
Rome
between
two
Popes
,
and
others
succeeding
after
them
,
that
it
continued
39.
years
,
even
to
the
Council
of
Constance
.
About
the
same
time
also
,
or
shortly
after
,
there
arose
a
cruel
commotion
of
the
Commons
under
Jack
Straw
,
where
the
rude
multitude
taking
Simon
Sudbury
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
beheaded
him
,
whom
William
Courtney
Bishop
of
London
succeeded
,
who
was
very
zealous
and
diligent
against
the
Heresies
of
Wicklief
,
(
as
he
called
them
)
.
Also
in
the
year
1380.
William
Barton
being
Vicechancellour
of
Oxford
,
Wicklief
again
persecuted
.
called
together
eight
Monastical
Doctors
,
and
four
others
,
and
having
the
consent
of
others
of
that
Fraternity
,
set
forth
an
Edict
under
the
Common
Seal
,
threatning
all
under
a
grievous
penalty
,
if
they
should
be
so
hardy
as
to
associate
themselves
with
any
of
the
fautors
of
Wicklief
:
and
to
Wicklief
himself
he
threatned
the
greater
Excommunication
and
Imprisonment
both
to
him
and
his
favorers
,
unless
within
three
days
after
Canonical
warning
they
repented
and
amended
.
Wicklief
understanding
this
,
resolved
to
forsake
the
Pope
,
and
all
his
Clergy
,
and
to
appeal
to
the
King
:
but
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
being
now
inveagled
by
the
Bishops
,
interposed
,
forbidding
him
not
to
attempt
any
such
thing
,
but
rather
to
submit
to
his
Ordinary
:
Wicklief
finding
himself
hereby
in
this
great
strait
,
was
forced
to
make
a
Confession
of
his
Doctrine
,
His
weakness
.
and
therein
to
qualifie
his
Assertions
after
such
a
sort
that
thereby
he
asswaged
the
rigor
of
his
Enemies
.
Anno
1382.
He
is
again
persecuted
.
Archbishop
Courtney
appointed
a
Convocation
to
be
held
at
London
,
principally
against
Wicklief
,
wherein
this
memorable
accident
fell
out
:
When
they
were
all
gathered
together
at
the
Gray-Fryers
in
London
,
just
at
the
very
instant
when
they
were
beginning
their
business
against
Wicklief
,
there
fell
out
a
wonderful
and
terrible
Earthquake
through
all
England
,
A
great
Earthquake
.
whereupon
divers
of
the
Suffragans
being
frighted
with
the
terror
of
it
,
thought
good
to
leave
off
their
further
proceeding
therein
:
Yet
did
the
Archbishop
carry
on
his
design
,
declaring
some
of
Wickliefs
Doctrines
to
be
Heretical
,
others
Erroneous
,
and
other
Irreligious
and
Seditious
,
and
not
Consonant
to
the
Doctrine
of
the
Church
of
Rome
:
and
not
content
herewith
,
he
so
prevailed
with
the
young
King
,
that
he
procured
Letters
Patents
to
be
directed
from
the
King
to
himself
,
The
kings
Letters
against
him
.
wherein
are
these
words
;
Forasmuch
as
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
hath
made
his
supplication
to
us
for
the
coertion
,
and
due
castigation
of
all
such
as
shall
hence
forth
obstinately
Preach
and
maintain
any
of
those
conclusions
which
in
the
late
Convocation
have
been
adjudged
Heretical
,
&c.
requesting
that
we
would
vouchsafe
to
put
to
the
arm
and
helping
hand
of
our
Kingly
power
:
We
therefore
moved
by
the
zeal
of
the
Catholick
Faith
,
whereof
we
are
,
and
will
be
Defenders
,
and
being
unwilling
that
any
such
Heresies
should
spring
up
within
our
Dominions
:
Give
,
and
grant
License
and
Authority
by
these
presents
unto
the
aforesaid
Archbishop
and
his
Suffragans
,
to
arrest
,
and
imprison
either
in
their
own
Prisons
,
or
elsewhere
,
all
and
every
such
person
and
persons
as
shall
either
privily
,
or
openly
Preach
,
or
maintain
the
aforesaid
conclusions
,
&c.
Further
,
charging
and
commanding
all
our
Leigh-men
,
Ministers
and
Subjects
,
upon
their
Fidelity
and
Allegiance
neither
to
favor
,
counsel
nor
help
such
Preachers
or
maintainers
of
the
aforesaid
conclusions
,
upon
pain
of
forfeiting
all
that
they
have
;
but
to
obey
,
and
humbly
to
attend
upon
the
Archbishop
and
his
Suffragans
in
the
execution
of
these
presents
,
&c.
The
Kings
Letter
to
Oxford
.
The
like
Letter
the
King
wrote
also
to
the
Vice-chancellor
of
the
University
of
Oxford
,
requiring
him
to
give
notice
,
that
none
should
be
so
bold
as
to
entertain
Mr.
John
Wiclief
,
or
any
of
his
followers
into
their
houses
,
or
to
Communicate
with
them
,
which
if
any
did
that
he
should
banish
them
the
University
and
Town
of
Oxford
,
till
they
should
prove
their
Innocency
before
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
;
yea
,
this
young
King
,
pressed
by
the
violent
importunity
of
the
Archbishop
,
wrote
another
Letter
to
the
Vicechancellor
and
Proctors
of
the
University
,
straightly
charging
and
commanding
them
to
make
a
general
Inquisition
through
the
whole
University
,
as
well
for
Wicklief
and
his
followers
,
as
for
all
others
which
were
suspected
to
be
maintainers
,
receivers
or
defenders
of
those
persons
,
or
their
opinions
any
manner
of
way
,
and
all
such
to
apprehend
and
expell
the
University
,
and
to
send
them
up
to
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
to
be
further
proceeded
against
by
him
:
As
also
to
attach
and
seize
upon
all
their
Books
,
and
to
send
them
to
the
said
Archbishop
:
and
this
to
do
as
they
would
avoid
the
forfeiting
of
all
the
Liberties
and
Priviledges
of
the
University
,
&c.
John
Wicklief
was
hereupon
either
banished
or
retired
for
a
while
to
some
secret
place
;
Wicklief
returns
to
Lutterworth
.
but
ere
long
he
returned
to
his
Parsonage
of
Lutterworth
in
Leicestershire
,
where
after
all
these
storms
,
he
at
last
dyed
in
Peace
,
Anno
Christi
,
1384.
His
death
.
He
wrote
very
many
Books
,
His
works
.
many
of
which
were
burned
at
Oxford
,
Anno
Christi
1410.
Aeneas
Sylvius
writes
that
Subincus
Archbishop
of
Prague
burnt
two
hundred
Volumes
of
his
,
excellently
written
,
richly
covered
and
adorned
with
Bosses
of
Gold
:
One
that
had
all
his
works
,
wrote
that
they
were
as
big
as
the
works
of
St.
Augustine
.
Mr.
Wicklief
received
his
first
knowledge
of
the
Truth
from
one
Fryar
Rainard
Lollard
,
who
brought
the
Doctrine
of
the
Waldenses
into
England
,
and
from
whom
his
Disciples
were
called
Lollards
.
Mr.
Wicklief
was
an
Eloquent
man
,
and
so
profound
a
Scholar
,
that
he
drew
the
hearts
of
many
Noble
Personages
to
affect
and
favor
him
;
whereby
he
was
sheltred
from
the
rage
of
the
Popish
Clergy
,
till
Pope
Gregory
the
11.
raised
up
a
Persecution
by
the
Monks
Inquisitors
against
him
.
All
his
Books
were
commanded
to
be
burnt
;
Gods
providence
in
preserving
his
books
.
but
he
had
before
enlightned
so
great
a
number
,
who
kept
his
Books
carefully
,
maugre
all
the
diligence
of
his
Adversaries
,
so
that
they
could
never
wholly
deprive
the
Church
of
them
.
For
the
more
they
laboured
by
horrible
threats
,
and
death
it self
,
to
hinder
the
knowledge
and
reading
of
them
,
the
more
were
many
kindled
in
their
affections
to
read
them
with
ardency
.
He
wrote
above
a
hundred
Volumes
against
Antichrist
and
the
Church
of
Rome
.
His
works
.
Multos
praeterea
in
Philosophia
,
multos
quibus
S.
Scripturam
interpretatus
est
,
edidit
:
Quorum
Catalogum
videre
est
apud
Balaeum
in
suis
Centuriis
.
Transtulit
etiam
Wiclevus
in
Anglicum
sermonem
Biblia
,
adhibitis
praefationibus
,
&
argumentis
cuique
,
libro
suis.
Vertit
&
Libros
12.
Clementis
,
Lanthoniensis
Ecclesiae
Praesbyteri
,
De
concordia
Evangelistarum
,
cum
multis
veterum
Doctorum
Tractatibus
.
He
was
a
great
Enemy
to
the
swarms
of
begging
Fryars
,
with
whom
it
was
harder
to
make
war
then
with
the
Pope
himself
.
He
denyed
the
Pope
to
be
the
Head
of
the
Church
,
and
pronounced
him
to
be
Antichrist
:
He
confuted
and
condemned
his
Doctrine
about
Buls
,
Indulgences
,
Masses
,
&c.
He
affirmed
the
Scripture
to
be
the
Supreme
Judge
of
Controversies
,
condemned
Transubstantiation
,
&c.
He
was
a
painful
and
faithful
Preacher
under
King
Edward
the
third
,
King
Edwayd
the
third
favored
him
.
who
always
favored
and
protected
him
against
the
rage
of
his
Adversaries
:
by
his
means
the
Pope
lost
in
England
his
power
of
Ordaining
Bishops
,
the
Tenth
of
Benefices
,
and
Peter-pence
;
whereupon
Polidore
Virgil
cals
him
an
Infamous
Heretick
.
He
was
buryed
at
his
Parsonage
of
Lutterworth
in
Leicester-shire
.
His
dead
body
being
digged
up
51
years
after
:
viz.
1428.
by
the
command
of
Pope
Martin
the
fifth
,
His
body
condemned
and
burned
.
and
the
Council
of
S●ne
,
was
burned
:
And
thus
he
suffered
their
cruelty
after
death
,
whose
cruelty
he
had
Preached
against
in
his
life
.
He
wrote
above
two
hundred
Volumes
,
most
of
which
were
burned
by
the
Archbishop
of
Prague
.
JOHN
HVS
The
Life
of
John
Huss
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1415.
IOhn
Huss
was
born
at
a
little
Town
called
Hussinets
about
18.
His
birth
and
education
.
miles
from
Prague
in
Bohemia
under
the
Hercynian
Wood
,
of
mean
but
religious
Parents
,
who
carefully
trained
him
up
in
Religion
and
Learning
,
and
having
profited
much
at
Schole
,
he
went
to
the
University
of
Prague
:
He
goes
to
Prague
.
and
whilst
he
was
a
Student
there
,
he
met
with
our
Wickliefs
Books
,
from
whence
he
first
took
light
and
courage
to
profess
the
Truth
.
Anno
Christi
1393.
he
Commenced
Batchelor
of
Arts
with
good
approbation
of
the
whole
University
:
and
An.
1396.
the
commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
about
which
time
two
godly
Noble
men
of
Prague
built
the
Church
of
Bethlehem
;
Chosen
Pastor
of
Bethlehem
.
and
Anno
140●
.
Mr.
Huss
was
chosen
Pastor
thereof
,
who
fed
his
people
with
the
bread
of
life
,
and
not
with
the
Popes
Decrees
,
and
other
humane
Inventions
.
The
year
after
he
was
chosen
Dean
of
the
University
,
and
Anno
1409.
by
the
consent
of
the
whole
University
he
was
chosen
Rector
of
it
.
His
faithfulness
therein
.
He
continued
in
the
Exercise
of
his
Ministry
with
admirable
zeal
and
diligence
,
and
faithfulness
about
the
space
of
12.
years
,
Preaching
and
Instructing
his
People
in
the
Principles
of
Divinity
,
which
he
confirmed
by
the
holy
Scriptures
,
and
adorned
by
an
exemplary
and
blameless
life
.
He
vigorously
opposed
the
Popes
proceedings
,
whereupon
the
Devil
envying
the
peace
and
progress
of
the
Gospel
,
stirred
up
Pope
Alexander
the
fifth
against
him
,
who
cited
him
to
Rome
to
answer
to
such
Articles
as
should
be
laid
in
against
him
:
He
is
cited
to
Rome
.
whereupon
Huss
sent
his
Procters
to
Rome
,
who
appeared
for
him
answered
the
charge
,
and
cleared
his
innocency
;
yet
did
the
Pope
and
his
Cardinals
condemn
him
for
an
Heretick
,
Is
excommunicated
.
and
Excommunicate
him
;
which
caused
the
Popish
Clergy
,
and
some
of
the
Barons
of
Bohemia
to
oppose
Huss
,
He
is
banished
.
being
thus
excommunicated
;
and
King
Winceslaus
banished
him
,
but
he
was
entertained
in
the
Country
,
and
protected
by
the
Lord
of
the
Soil
〈◊〉
Hussinets
,
Gods
mercy
.
where
he
preached
in
the
Parish
Church
,
and
some
places
adjacent
,
confuting
the
Popish
Doctrine
of
Merit
of
Works
,
and
against
the
Pride
,
Idleness
,
Cruelty
and
Avarice
of
the
Roman
Court
and
Clergy
,
multitudes
of
persons
resorting
to
his
Ministry
:
Sometimes
also
he
repaired
to
his
Church
of
Bethlehem
,
and
preached
there
.
A
schism
at
Rome
.
But
upon
the
Popes
death
,
the
Cardinals
being
divided
,
chose
three
Popes
,
whereupon
there
was
a
Council
called
at
Constance
,
Anno
Christi
1414.
unto
which
Council
the
Emperour
Sigismund
commanded
Huss
to
come
,
giving
him
his
safe
Conduct
for
his
coming
,
and
return
.
And
Master
Huss
relying
upon
the
goodness
of
his
Cause
,
the
clearness
of
his
Conscience
,
He
is
cited
to
the
Council
.
and
the
Emperours
safe
Conduct
,
with
a
cheerful
minde
and
undaunted
spirit
went
to
Constance
,
and
in
his
journey
set
up
writings
in
every
City
,
the
tenor
whereof
was
this
;
His
intimations
as
he
went
.
Mr.
John
Huss
Batchelor
of
Divinity
,
goeth
now
to
the
Council
of
Constance
,
there
to
declare
his
Faith
which
he
hath
hitherto
holden
,
and
even
at
this
present
doth
hold
,
and
by
Gods
grace
will
hold
,
and
defend
even
to
the
death
:
therefore
even
as
he
hath
manifested
through
all
the
Kingdom
of
Bohemia
by
his
Letters
and
Intimations
,
willing
before
his
departure
thence
to
have
satisfied
and
given
an
account
of
his
Faith
unto
every
man
which
should
object
or
lay
any
thing
against
him
in
the
general
Convocation
held
in
the
Archbishop
of
Pragues
Court
:
So
also
he
doth
manifest
and
signifie
,
that
if
there
be
any
man
in
this
Noble
and
Imperial
City
that
can
impute
any
Error
or
Heresie
to
him
,
that
he
would
prepare
himself
to
come
unto
the
Council
;
for
as
much
as
the
said
Mr.
John
Huss
is
ready
to
satisfie
every
man
at
the
said
Council
which
shall
lay
any
thing
to
his
charge
,
as
touching
his
Faith
.
In
all
Cities
as
he
passed
by
,
especially
when
he
entred
into
Germany
,
His
kinde
entertainment
as
he
went
.
a
great
number
of
people
resorted
to
him
,
and
he
was
everywhere
kindly
entertained
,
especially
by
the
Citizens
and
Burgesses
,
that
he
confessed
in
a
certain
Epistle
that
he
found
in
no
place
so
great
Enemies
as
in
Bohemia
:
and
when
he
came
to
Noremberg
,
certain
Merchants
that
went
before
having
given
notice
of
his
coming
,
almost
all
the
Priests
that
were
in
the
City
came
to
him
,
desiring
him
that
they
might
talk
with
him
in
private
,
to
whom
he
answered
that
he
desired
rather
to
declare
his
minde
openly
then
in
hugger
mugger
,
and
so
from
dinner
time
till
night
he
spake
before
the
Priests
,
Senators
,
and
many
Citizens
,
insomuch
that
they
all
had
him
in
singular
estimation
and
reverence
.
Gods
judgement
on
his
adversary
.
One
of
his
great
Adversaries
Stanis●aus
Znoma
,
a
Bohemian
,
as
he
was
going
towards
Constance
to
accuse
him
,
was
stricken
by
God
with
a
great
Impostume
whereof
he
dyed
.
When
Mr.
Huss
came
to
Constance
,
he
was
sent
for
to
appear
before
some
Cardinals
to
give
an
account
of
his
Doctrine
,
but
he
told
them
that
he
came
to
do
it
before
all
the
Council
,
yet
if
they
would
force
him
to
do
it
before
them
,
he
doubted
not
but
Christ
would
strengthen
him
to
chuse
death
for
his
glories
sake
,
His
courage
.
rather
then
to
deny
the
Truth
,
which
he
had
learned
out
of
the
holy
Scriptures
:
Popish
cruelty
.
After
Examination
they
committed
him
to
a
filthy
Prison
,
where
,
by
reason
of
the
stink
,
he
fell
sick
and
was
like
to
die
:
In
the
mean
time
his
Adversaries
preferred
Articles
against
him
,
wherein
they
had
forged
many
things
of
their
own
heads
,
wresting
,
and
perverting
his
godly
and
Orthodox
sayings
to
a
sinister
sense
that
they
might
have
whereof
to
accuse
him
:
and
thereupon
desired
of
the
Council
that
he
might
he
condemned
.
Mr.
Huss
hearing
of
these
their
malicious
proceedings
,
moved
that
he
might
have
an
Advocate
,
but
that
was
denyed
him
.
His
writings
in
prison
.
Whilst
he
lay
there
in
Prison
,
when
he
had
in
some
measure
regained
his
health
,
he
wrote
sundry
Books
.
From
that
Prison
he
was
removed
by
the
Bishop
of
Constance
to
a
Castle
on
the
other
side
of
the
Rhene
,
where
in
the
day
time
he
was
so
laden
with
fetters
on
his
Legs
that
he
could
scarce
go
:
Popish
cruelty
.
and
every
night
he
was
fastned
by
the
hands
up
to
a
rack
against
the
wall
:
Hereupon
many
Noble
men
of
Bohemia
petitioned
for
his
release
,
at
least
upon
Bail
,
but
that
was
denyed
.
The
sum
of
the
Nobles
Petition
was
this
;
The
Nobles
of
Bohemia
petition
In
his
behalf
.
That
whereas
Mr.
John
Huss
is
freely
of
his
own
accord
come
to
Constance
under
the
Emperors
safe
Conduct
,
against
all
right
and
reason
he
is
grievously
imprisoned
before
he
is
heard
,
and
at
this
present
is
tormented
miserably
with
hunger
,
thirst
,
and
fetters
:
though
formerly
at
the
Council
of
Pisa
,
held
Anno
Christi
1410.
the
Hereticks
which
were
condemned
,
were
suffered
to
remain
at
their
liberty
,
and
to
depart
home
freely
:
But
Mr.
John
Huss
,
neither
convicted
,
nor
condemned
,
no
nor
so
much
as
once
heard
,
is
taken
and
imprisoned
,
when
as
neither
King
nor
any
Prince
Elector
,
nor
any
Ambassador
▪
from
any
University
is
yet
come
or
present
:
and
though
the
Lord
our
King
,
together
with
the
Nobles
and
Lords
here
present
have
most
instantly
required
and
desired
that
his
safe
Conduct
might
not
be
violated
,
and
that
the
said
Mr.
John
Huss
might
be
openly
heard
,
being
ready
to
render
a
reason
of
his
Faith
:
and
if
he
be
convicted
obstinately
to
affirm
or
maintain
any
thing
against
truth
and
the
holy
Scriptures
,
that
he
is
ready
to
amend
the
same
:
yet
could
be
never
obtain
this
:
But
the
said
Mr.
John
Huss
,
notwithstanding
all
this
,
is
most
grievously
oppressed
with
fetters
and
irons
,
and
so
weakned
with
hunger
and
thirst
,
that
it
is
to
be
feared
that
be
will
die
in
Prison
.
And
although
the
Lords
of
Bohemia
here
present
are
greatly
scandalized
with
the
trouble
and
torments
of
Mr.
John
Huss
,
contrary
to
the
Kings
safe
Conduct
:
yet
hitherto
they
have
forborn
to
complain
to
the
King
that
he
might
see
his
safe
Conduct
better
observed
,
and
the
reproach
and
dishonor
that
is
done
to
the
Kindgom
of
Bohemia
thereby
,
vindicated
:
and
indeed
they
suffer
these
things
patiently
,
least
by
any
means
trouble
or
vexation
should
arise
to
this
Sacred
Council
by
reason
thereof
:
Wherefore
we
most
earnestly
desire
and
require
your
Fatherhoods
,
that
for
the
honor
of
the
safe
Conduct
granted
by
the
King
,
and
for
the
preservation
and
encrease
of
the
worthy
fame
and
renown
of
the
Kingdom
of
Bohemia
,
and
your
own
also
,
you
will
hasten
the
dispatch
of
Mr.
John
Huss
his
business
,
seeing
he
is
in
great
danger
by
reason
of
his
strait
Imprisonment
if
you
delay
him
any
longer
.
And
whereas
we
the
Nobles
of
Bohemia
are
informed
that
many
slanderous
reports
are
raised
by
back-biters
against
the
famous
Kingdom
of
Bohemia
,
as
that
the
Sacrament
is
carryed
up
and
down
in
Vessels
unhallowed
,
that
Coblers
do
administer
it
,
and
hear
Confessions
,
&c.
We
therefore
require
and
desire
you
that
you
will
give
no
heed
to
such
tale-bearers
,
who
herein
report
untruths
:
also
we
require
that
such
back-biters
may
be
made
known
,
and
we
doubt
not
easily
to
refell
the
false
and
trivolous
slanders
of
these
naughty
persons
,
that
hereafter
they
shall
be
ashamed
to
appear
before
the
Lord
King
and
your
Reverences
.
But
notwithstanding
this
,
they
which
were
appointed
for
his
Judges
,
in
his
absence
heard
his
Enemies
,
examined
witnesses
against
him
:
Judged
his
Doctrine
not
by
the
true
Touch-stone
of
Gods
Word
,
but
by
the
Popish
Canons
.
Yet
when
the
Council
would
have
condemned
him
without
hearing
,
the
Emperour
interposed
,
requiring
that
he
should
be
first
heard
;
but
when
he
was
brought
before
them
,
The
Councils
incivility
.
they
made
such
a
confused
noise
,
railing
upon
him
,
that
he
could
not
speak
one
word
.
The
next
day
when
he
was
brought
before
them
again
,
there
fell
out
so
great
an
Eclipse
that
the
Sun
was
almost
wholly
darkned
:
A
prodigy
.
but
when
Huss
saw
that
he
was
like
to
meet
with
no
Justice
there
,
he
appealed
from
them
to
the
Pope
,
and
from
him
to
Christ
,
His
appeal
to
Christ
.
for
which
they
derided
him
:
But
when
he
saw
the
cruelty
of
his
Judges
,
the
malice
of
his
Accusers
,
the
falsehood
of
his
Witnesses
,
and
the
rage
of
all
the
Council
against
him
,
that
breathed
forth
nothing
but
fire
and
fagots
,
he
kneeled
down
,
and
commended
his
righteous
cause
to
the
Lord
Jesus
Christ
,
begging
forgiveness
for
his
very
Enemies
:
yet
he
earnestly
requested
even
with
tears
the
Council
that
they
would
convince
him
of
any
Error
by
the
Word
of
God
,
and
he
would
willingly
retract
it
:
He
is
condemned
.
but
nothing
prevailing
,
they
proceeded
to
condemn
and
degrade
him
;
whereupon
kneeling
down
,
he
said
,
His
charity
.
Lord
Jesus
Christ
,
forgive
mine
Enemies
,
by
whom
thou
knowest
that
I
am
falsly
accused
;
forgive
them
I
say
for
thy
great
mercies
sake
.
In
degrading
him
they
pared
off
the
Crown
of
his
head
,
Popish
cruelty
.
and
the
skin
with
a
pair
of
shears
:
and
to
justifie
their
proceedings
against
him
,
because
the
Emperour
had
given
him
his
safe
Conduct
,
A
wicked
Decree
.
the
Council
made
a
Decree
,
That
Faith
was
not
to
be
kept
with
Hereticks
.
His
works
condemned
.
The
Roman
Agents
persecuted
him
with
such
eagerness
,
that
his
Works
were
condemned
to
be
burnt
with
him
.
When
he
was
brought
forth
to
be
burned
,
they
put
on
his
head
a
Tripple
Crown
of
paper
,
His
ornaments
.
painted
over
with
ugly
Divels
:
But
when
he
saw
it
,
he
said
,
My
Lord
Jesus
Christ
for
my
sake
did
wear
a
Crown
of
Thorns
;
why
should
not
I
then
for
his
sake
were
this
light
Crown
,
be
it
never
so
ignominious
?
Truly
I
will
do
it
,
and
that
willingly
.
His
patience
.
When
it
was
set
upon
his
head
,
Popish
malice
.
the
Bishops
said
,
Now
we
commit
thy
soul
unto
the
Divel
:
But
I
,
said
John
Huss
,
(
lifting
up
his
Eyes
towards
Heaven
)
do
commit
my
spirit
into
thy
hands
O
Lord
Jesus
Christ
,
unto
thee
I
commend
my
spirit
which
thou
hast
redeemed
.
His
books
burnt
.
As
he
was
going
to
Execution
,
they
burned
his
Books
before
his
face
,
at
which
he
smiled
,
and
said
unto
the
people
,
His
deportment
at
his
death
.
Think
not
good
people
that
I
die
for
any
Heresie
,
or
Error
,
but
only
for
the
hatred
and
ill-will
of
my
Adversaries
.
When
he
came
to
the
place
of
Execution
,
he
kneeled
down
,
and
with
his
Eyes
towards
Heaven
he
prayed
and
repeated
certain
Psalms
,
and
with
a
merry
and
chearful
countenance
cryed
often
,
Into
thy
hands
O
Lord
I
commend
my
spirit
.
As
he
listed
up
his
head
in
Prayer
,
the
Crown
of
paper
fell
off
;
but
a
Souldier
taking
it
up
,
said
,
Let
us
put
it
on
again
,
that
he
may
be
burned
with
his
Masters
the
Divels
,
whom
he
hath
served
.
When
he
rose
from
his
knees
he
said
,
His
prayer
.
Lord
Jesus
Christ
,
assist
and
help
me
,
that
with
a
constant
and
patient
minde
,
by
thy
most
gracious
help
,
I
may
bear
and
suffer
this
cruel
and
ignominious
death
,
whereunto
I
am
condemned
for
the
Preaching
of
thy
most
holy
Gospel
.
And
as
they
tyed
his
neck
with
a
chain
to
the
stake
,
smiling
he
said
,
That
he
would
willingly
receive
the
same
chain
for
Jesus
Christ's
sake
,
who
he
knew
was
bound
with
a
far
worse
chain
.
When
the
fire
was
kindled
,
he
began
to
sing
with
a
loud
voice
,
Jesus
Christ
the
Son
of
the
living
God
have
mercy
upon
me
;
His
martyrdom
.
and
at
the
third
time
that
he
repeated
it
,
the
winde
drove
the
flame
so
into
his
face
,
that
it
choaked
him
.
Inhumane
cruelty
.
The
heart
that
was
found
amongst
his
bowels
,
being
well
beaten
with
staves
and
clubs
,
was
at
last
prick't
upon
a
sharp
stake
,
and
rosted
at
a
fire
till
it
was
consumed
.
His
ashes
were
diligently
gathered
up
,
and
thrown
into
the
River
Rhene
.
He
suffered
Martyrdom
,
Anno
Christi
1415.
A
prophesie
.
He
told
them
at
his
death
,
That
out
of
the
ashes
of
the
Goose
(
for
so
Huss
in
the
Bohemian
language
signifies
)
an
hundred
years
after
God
would
raise
up
a
Swan
in
Germany
,
whose
singing
would
affright
all
those
Vultures
:
which
was
exactly
fulfilled
in
Luther
,
just
an
hundred
years
after
.
Upon
his
death
the
Bohemians
under
Ziska
rose
in
Arms
,
and
had
admirable
success
against
the
Emperour
and
the
Papists
.
And
this
pompous
act
of
theirs
had
a
very
tragical
event
,
the
Bohemians
maintaining
war
against
the
Emperour
Sigismund
for
17.
years
after
,
wherein
he
spent
abundance
of
treasure
,
lost
many
brave
Armies
,
and
gallant
men
:
and
during
these
Wars
a
thousand
Monasteries
were
overthrown
,
Gods
judgement
on
his
persecutors
.
many
Castles
demolished
,
and
Cities
burnt
:
all
which
was
a
just
revenging
hand
upon
him
for
his
perfidiousness
and
cruelty
.
Before
his
going
to
Constance
,
Mr.
Huss
set
up
this
Epistle
upon
the
Gate
of
the
Kings
Palace
.
Unto
the
Kings
Majesty
,
the
Queen
,
His
petition
to
the
King
.
and
to
all
such
as
are
of
his
Council
,
and
to
all
other
Nobles
and
Magistrates
which
are
now
in
the
Kings
Court
,
I
John
Huss
do
signifie
and
publish
,
that
being
certainly
informed
that
Letter●s
are
come
from
the
Pope
to
the
Kings
Majesty
,
the
contents
whereof
are
these
:
That
the
King
should
extirpate
all
such
Hereticks
as
are
lately
sprung
up
in
his
Kingdom
and
Dominions
:
But
I
trust
in
God
,
that
this
fame
is
blown
abroad
without
any
desert
:
And
it
shall
be
our
part
to
foresee
and
take
heed
that
neither
the
Kings
Majesty
nor
the
Noble
Kingdom
of
Bohemia
shall
suffer
any
trouble
or
reproach
and
slander
for
my
sake
.
Wherefore
now
of
late
I
have
sent
my
Letters
to
and
fro
,
which
with
great
labor
an●
diligence
I
〈◊〉
caused
to
be
set
up
openly
,
with
this
intent
,
that
●●ight
thereby
cause
the
Archbishop
of
Prague
to
be
careful
and
diligent
about
the
matter
,
signifying
openly
,
that
if
there
were
any
man
in
Bohemia
,
which
did
know
me
to
be
a
follower
of
any
falle
or
〈◊〉
Doctrine
,
he
should
appear
in
the
Archbishops
Court
and
there
declare
what
he
thought
.
And
forasmuch
as
there
would
none
be
found
,
or
come
forth
which
would
accuse
me
,
the
Archbishop
commanded
me
and
my
Procters
to
depart
in
peace
.
Wherefore
I
require
and
desire
the
Kings
Majesty
,
which
is
the
Defender
of
the
Truth
,
also
the
Queen
and
their
Counsellers
,
and
all
other
Nobles
and
Magistrates
,
that
they
would
give
me
a
true
Testimonial
of
this
matter
:
forasmuch
as
I
have
oftentimes
willed
and
attempted
this
,
and
no
man
bath
either
accused
or
molested
me
.
I
do
it
moreover
to
be
known
to
all
Bohemia
,
and
all
Nations
,
that
I
will
with
the
first
be
present
at
the
Council
of
Constance
,
in
the
presence
of
the
Pope
,
and
of
all
others
that
will
come
to
that
famous
place
:
and
that
whosoever
hath
any
suspition
of
me
,
that
I
have
either
taught
or
defended
any
thing
contrary
unto
the
Faith
of
Christ
,
let
him
come
thither
also
,
and
declare
before
the
Pope
and
all
the
Doctors
of
Divinity
,
what
erroneous
or
false
Doctrine
I
have
at
any
time
maintained
or
holden
.
And
if
he
shall
convince
me
of
any
Error
,
or
prove
that
I
have
taught
any
thing
contrary
to
the
Christian
Faith
,
I
will
not
refuse
to
suffer
Whatsoever
punishment
shall
be
due
to
an
Heretick
:
But
I
hope
and
trust
even
from
the
bottom
of
my
heart
that
God
will
not
give
the
victory
to
unfaithful
and
unbelieving
men
which
willingly
kick
and
spurn
against
the
Truth
.
At
the
same
time
also
Mr.
Huss
sent
his
Proctor
to
the
Bishop
of
Nazareth
,
His
request
to
the
Bishop
.
who
was
Ordained
by
the
Pope
,
Inquisitor
for
Heresies
in
the
City
and
Diocese
of
Prague
,
requiring
him
that
if
he
had
found
any
Error
in
him
,
he
would
declare
it
openly
:
but
the
said
Bishop
in
a
publick
Assembly
answered
that
he
had
often
talken
with
John
Huss
,
and
that
he
never
found
any
thing
in
him
but
such
as
becometh
a
godly
and
faithful
man
,
which
also
he
attested
by
his
Letters
in
writing
.
Shortly
after
also
all
the
Barons
of
Bohemia
being
assembled
in
the
Abby
of
St.
James
,
And
to
the
Barons
.
the
Archbishop
of
Prague
being
present
also
,
John
Huss
presented
a
supplication
to
them
,
wherein
he
most
humbly
desired
the
Barons
to
request
the
Archbishop
,
that
if
he
did
suspect
him
for
any
Error
or
Heresie
,
he
should
declare
it
openly
:
for
that
he
was
ready
to
suffer
correction
for
the
same
at
the
Archbishops
hands
:
and
that
if
he
had
found
no
such
thing
in
him
,
that
then
he
would
give
him
a
Testimonial
thereof
,
that
being
armed
therewith
he
might
the
more
freely
go
unto
the
Council
:
Hereupon
the
Archbishop
did
openly
confess
before
all
the
Assembly
that
he
knew
not
the
said
John
Huss
was
guilty
of
any
such
thing
.
Johannis
Hussi
opera
,
quae
extant
omnia
,
His
works
.
impressa
sunt
Novimb●rgae
in
Officina
Montani
&
Neuberi
,
Anno
Christi
1558.
JEROM
OF
PRAGVE
The
Life
of
Hierom
of
Prague
who
dyed
,
An.
Christi
1416.
HIerom
of
Pague
,
His
birth
.
a
Bohemian
born
,
a
man
famous
for
Courage
,
Comliness
,
Virtue
,
Learning
,
and
Eloquence
:
when
he
understood
that
the
Publick
Faith
was
violated
,
his
Country
slandered
,
His
zeal
.
and
Huss
burnt
,
he
travelled
to
Constance
,
April
the
4.
Anno
Christi
1415.
But
no
sooner
came
he
thither
,
but
he
understood
that
watch
was
laid
for
him
to
apprehend
him
,
His
retreat
to
Iberling
.
whereupon
the
next
day
he
went
to
Iberling
a
City
of
the
Empire
,
and
a
mile
from
Constance
.
From
thence
he
sent
to
Sigismund
King
of
Hungary
,
and
his
Barons
,
but
especially
to
the
Council
,
most
earnestly
requesting
that
they
would
give
him
a
safe
Conduct
freely
to
come
and
go
,
and
then
he
would
come
in
open
Audience
to
answer
every
man
,
if
any
would
appear
to
charge
him
with
any
crime
:
A
safe
Conduct
denyed
him
.
but
this
was
denyed
him
both
by
the
King
and
Council
,
whereupon
the
next
day
he
wrote
sundry
intimations
and
sent
them
to
Constance
,
causing
them
to
be
set
upon
the
gates
of
the
Citie
,
upon
the
doores
of
Churches
,
Monasteries
,
of
the
houses
of
the
Cardinals
,
and
other
Noble
personages
,
the
tenor
whereof
was
this
:
Unto
the
Noble
Emperour
,
&c.
I
Jerom
of
Prague
,
His
intimations
set
up
at
Constance
.
Master
of
Arts
of
the
University
of
Paris
,
Cullen
,
Heidleberg
and
Prague
,
by
these
my
Letters
do
notifie
to
the
King
and
Council
,
and
to
all
others
,
that
because
of
many
crafty
slanderers
,
back-biters
,
and
accusers
,
I
am
ready
of
mine
own
free
will
to
come
unto
Constance
,
there
to
declare
openly
before
all
the
Council
the
purity
and
sincerity
of
my
Faith
and
mine
Innocency
:
but
this
I
will
not
do
in
corners
,
secretly
before
any
private
or
particular
person
:
wherefore
if
there
be
any
of
my
slanderers
of
what
Nation
soever
,
that
will
charge
me
with
Error
or
Heresie
,
let
them
come
forth
openly
before
the
Council
,
and
in
their
own
names
object
against
me
,
and
I
wil
be
ready
to
answer
them
:
and
if
I
shall
be
found
guilty
of
any
Error
or
Heresie
,
I
will
not
refuse
openly
to
suffer
such
punishment
as
shall
be
meet
for
an
Heretick
:
wherefore
I
humbly
desire
a
safe
Conduct
as
afore
:
But
if
(
seeing
I
offer
such
equal
terms
)
before
any
fault
be
proved
against
me
,
I
shall
be
arrested
,
imprisoned
,
or
have
any
violence
done
to
me
,
that
then
it
may
be
manifest
unto
all
the
World
that
this
Council
doth
not
proceed
according
to
the
rules
of
equity
and
justice
,
the
rather
seeing
that
I
am
come
hither
freely
,
and
of
my
own
accord
,
&c.
But
notwithstanding
all
this
,
no
safe
Conduct
would
be
granted
him
:
wherefore
the
Lords
of
Bohemia
gave
him
their
Letters
Patents
under
their
Seals
to
testifie
the
truth
of
the
premises
:
His
return
towards
Bohemia
.
with
the
which
Letters
he
returned
again
towards
Bohemia
:
but
by
the
treachery
and
subtilty
of
his
Enemies
he
was
apprehended
by
the
way
in
Hirsaw
,
He
is
apprehended
.
and
by
the
Officers
was
carryed
before
the
Duke
:
who
presently
after
carryed
him
bound
to
Constance
;
Carryed
to
Constance
.
and
for
a
greater
disgrace
they
put
a
bolt
of
Iron
upon
his
wrists
with
a
long
Iron
chain
at
it
,
by
which
they
led
him
through
the
City
to
the
Cloister
of
the
Fryer
Minors
,
where
all
the
Priests
,
Scribes
and
Pharisees
were
met
together
,
and
when
he
came
before
them
,
some
of
the
Bishops
said
to
him
:
Hierom
,
why
didst
thou
fly
and
run
away
,
and
not
appear
when
thou
wast
cited
?
His
answer
to
the
Bishops
.
To
which
he
answered
,
Because
I
could
get
no
safe
Conduct
neither
from
you
,
nor
the
King
;
and
perceiving
that
I
had
many
bitter
Enemies
in
the
Council
,
I
would
not
be
the
Author
of
mine
own
peril
:
But
had
I
known
of
your
Citation
,
assuredly
though
I
had
been
in
Bohemia
,
I
would
have
appeared
:
Then
a
great
rable
of
Priests
cryed
out
against
him
,
and
Gerson
the
Chancellor
of
Paris
,
and
the
Chancellor
of
Cullen
,
He
is
accused
.
and
the
Chancellor
of
Heidleberg
charged
him
with
Errors
delivered
in
those
Universities
:
to
which
he
answered
,
His
answer
.
that
what
he
had
delivered
there
,
he
would
justifie
now
;
yet
if
any
could
convince
him
of
Error
therein
,
he
would
willingly
be
informed
:
He
is
imprisoned
.
Hereupon
some
cryed
out
,
Let
him
be
burned
,
let
him
be
burned
;
Then
was
he
delivered
bound
to
the
Officers
to
be
put
into
Prison
;
Assoon
as
he
came
thither
,
one
called
to
him
at
his
window
,
He
is
encouraged
.
saying
,
Mr.
Hierom
,
be
constant
and
fear
not
to
suffer
death
for
the
Truths
sake
,
of
which
when
you
were
at
liberty
you
did
Preach
much
good
:
To
whom
he
answered
,
Truly
brother
,
I
do
not
fear
death
,
&c.
But
the
Prison-keeper
coming
to
the
man
drove
him
away
with
strokes
from
the
window
:
Presently
after
the
Bishop
of
Rigen
sent
for
Hierom
,
Popish
cruelty
.
strongly
bound
with
chains
,
both
by
the
hands
and
neck
,
and
sent
him
to
a
Tower
,
where
they
tyed
him
fast
to
a
great
block
,
and
his
feet
in
the
stocks
,
his
hands
being
also
made
fast
upon
them
,
the
block
being
so
high
that
he
could
by
no
means
sit
thereon
but
his
head
must
hang
downwards
:
where
also
they
allowed
him
nothing
but
bread
and
water
:
But
within
eleven
days
,
He
fals
sick
.
hanging
so
by
the
heels
,
he
fell
very
sick
;
yet
thus
they
kept
him
in
Prison
a
year
wanting
seven
days
,
and
then
sent
for
him
,
requiring
him
to
recant
,
and
to
subscribe
that
John
Huss
was
justly
put
to
death
,
His
weakness
.
which
he
did
,
partly
for
fear
of
death
,
and
hoping
thereby
to
escape
their
hands
:
after
which
they
sent
him
back
to
Prison
,
and
kept
him
guarded
with
Souldiers
,
yet
not
so
strictly
chained
as
before
.
Afterwards
they
sent
to
examine
him
again
,
but
he
refused
to
answer
in
private
,
except
he
might
be
brought
before
the
Council
;
and
they
(
supposing
that
he
would
openly
confirm
his
former
recantation
)
sent
for
him
thither
,
May
the
25.
1416.
suborning
false
witnesses
to
accuse
him
;
but
he
so
learnedly
cleared
himself
,
He
is
brought
before
the
Council
.
and
refelled
his
Adversaries
,
that
they
were
astonished
at
his
Oration
,
and
with
shame
enough
were
put
to
silence
:
He
also
concluded
his
Oration
with
this
,
He
retracts
his
recantation
.
That
all
such
Articles
as
Wicklief
and
Huss
had
written
against
the
enormities
,
pomp
,
and
disorder
of
the
Prelates
,
he
would
firmly
hold
and
defend
,
even
unto
the
death
;
and
that
all
the
sins
that
he
had
committed
,
did
not
so
much
gnaw
and
trouble
his
conscience
,
as
did
that
most
pestiferous
act
of
his
in
recanting
what
he
had
justly
spoken
,
Back-sliding
repented
of
.
and
in
consenting
to
the
wicked
condemnation
of
Huss
,
and
that
he
repented
with
his
whole
heart
that
ever
he
did
it
:
His
condemnation
.
This
so
enraged
them
that
they
proceeded
to
condemn
him
;
whereupon
he
said
:
I
after
my
death
,
will
leave
a
remorse
in
your
conscience
,
His
short
answer
.
and
a
nail
in
your
hearts
;
Et
cito
vos
omnes
at
respondeatis
mihi
coram
altissimo
,
&
justissimo
judice
post
centum
annos
:
I
here
cite
you
all
to
answer
to
me
before
the
most
High
and
just
Judge
within
a
hundred
years
.
His
ornaments
.
When
he
was
brought
forth
to
Execution
,
they
prepared
a
great
and
long
paper
painted
about
with
red
Divels
,
which
when
he
beheld
throwing
away
his
hood
,
he
took
the
Miter
,
and
put
it
on
his
head
,
saying
,
Our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
,
when
he
suffered
death
for
me
●ost
●wretched
sinner
,
did
wear
a
crown
of
thorns
upon
his
head
:
His
deportment
at
death
.
and
I
,
for
his
sake
,
will
willingly
wear
this
Cap.
As
he
went
to
the
place
of
Execution
,
he
sung
some
Hymns
;
and
coming
to
the
place
of
Execution
,
where
John
Huss
was
burned
,
he
kneeled
down
,
and
prayed
fervently
.
He
was
bound
to
the
Image
of
John
Huss
,
His
martyrdom
.
and
so
fire
was
set
to
him
,
which
he
endured
with
admirable
valor
:
for
standing
at
the
stake
bound
,
and
the
Executioner
kindling
the
fire
behinde
him
,
His
courage
.
he
bade
him
kindle
it
before
his
face
;
For
(
said
he
)
If
I
had
been
afraid
of
is
,
I
had
not
come
to
this
place
having
had
so
many
opportunities
offered
to
me
to
escape
it
.
The
whole
City
of
Constance
admired
his
constancie
,
and
Christian
magnanimity
in
suffering
death
.
His
last
words
.
At
the
giving
up
the
Ghost
he
said
,
Hanc
animam
in
flammis
offero
Christe
tibi
:
This
soul
of
mine
in
slames
of
fire
O
Christ
I
offer
thee
.
An
aliquid
ab
Hieronymo
Pragensi
scriptum
sit
,
His
works
.
posterisque
relictum
,
ignoro
:
credibile
verum
est
,
virum
tam
doctum
,
ac
eloquentem
quaedam
scripsisse
,
Orationes
quas
in
Academiis
illu
strioribus
habuit
,
tum
Themata
quae
proposuit
,
forte
in
lucem
edita
,
suppressa
fuare
,
&
extincta
ab
iis
qui
,
more
suo
,
lucem
ferre
nequeunt
.
MARTIN
LVTHER
The
Life
of
Martin
Luther
,
who
flourished
Anno
Christi
1500.
MArtin
Luther
was
born
at
at
Isleben
in
the
Earldom
of
Mansfield
,
His
birth
.
Anino
Christ
1483.
of
good
parents
.
His
Fathers
name
was
John
Luther
,
His
parentage
.
who
first
lived
at
Isleben
,
and
afterwards
removed
to
Manfield
,
where
he
had
some
metal
Mines
,
and
was
chosen
a
Magistrate
,
and
was
grateful
to
all
for
the
integrity
of
his
life
.
His
Mothers
name
was
Margaret
Lindeman
,
who
was
adorned
with
such
Virtues
as
became
an
honest
Matron
,
but
especially
she
was
eminent
for
chastity
,
the
fear
of
God
,
and
often
calling
upon
his
name
.
Assoon
as
this
their
son
was
capable
of
Learning
,
His
education
.
they
first
trained
him
up
in
the
knowledge
and
fear
of
God
,
and
in
the
Exercise
of
other
virtues
under
their
own
wings
:
Then
their
care
was
to
educate
him
in
humane
Learning
,
for
which
end
they
set
him
to
school
to
George
Aemilius
:
and
though
at
this
time
the
darkness
of
Popery
had
much
obscured
the
light
of
Truth
,
Gods
providence
.
yet
it
pleased
God
to
preserve
in
the
Schools
the
Catechisms
containing
the
Principles
of
Religion
,
the
use
of
singing
Psalms
,
and
some
forms
of
Prayer
.
At
fourteen
years
of
age
,
he
went
to
Magdeburg
,
where
he
lived
a
poor
Scholar
one
year
:
From
thence
he
was
removed
by
his
Parents
to
Isenach
,
Schola
Illustris
.
He
goes
to
Erford
.
where
was
a
famous
School
,
and
where
he
first
tasted
the
sweetness
of
Learning
,
and
so
after
a
while
went
thence
to
the
University
of
Erford
,
His
great
proficiency
.
Anno
Christi
1501.
There
he
profited
so
much
in
the
knowledge
of
Logick
,
and
other
Learning
,
that
the
whole
University
admired
his
wit
.
At
twenty
years
old
,
He
is
Master
of
Arts.
he
was
made
Master
of
Arts
,
and
Professor
of
Physicks
,
Ethicks
,
and
other
parts
of
Philosophy
.
Then
he
betook
himself
to
the
study
of
the
Law
:
but
at
the
age
of
twenty
one
(
being
affrighted
at
the
violent
death
of
a
faithful
companion
of
his
whom
he
dearly
loved
)
he
betook
himself
into
the
Augustine
Monks
Colledge
in
Erford
,
Means
of
his
conversion
.
writing
to
his
parents
the
reason
why
he
changed
the
course
of
his
life
.
In
the
Library
of
that
Colledge
he
met
with
a
copy
of
a
Latine
Bible
,
The
ignorance
of
those
times
.
which
he
had
never
seen
before
and
with
admiration
,
observed
that
there
were
more
portions
of
holy
Scripture
,
then
were
read
in
the
Churches
,
which
made
him
wish
that
he
had
the
like
book
:
And
it
pleased
God
that
not
long
after
he
obtained
his
desire
,
His
study
of
the
Scriptures
.
and
fell
close
to
the
study
thereof
,
some
sickness
and
fear
also
whening
him
on
in
those
studies
.
Afterwards
falling
into
a
violent
disease
which
threatned
death
,
A
prediction
.
an
old
Priest
came
to
him
,
saying
,
Sir
,
be
of
good
courage
,
your
disease
is
not
mortal
:
God
will
raise
you
up
to
afford
comfort
to
many
others
:
which
also
came
to
pass
,
and
he
was
much
cheared
up
by
conference
with
that
Priest
,
who
largely
discoursed
with
him
about
Justification
by
Faith
,
and
explained
the
Articles
of
the
Creed
to
him
.
Then
did
Luther
read
over
Augustines
Works
,
His
studiousness
.
where
he
found
the
same
Doctrine
of
Justification
by
Faith
frequently
confirmed
.
He
read
over
the
School-men
also
,
especially
Occam
,
and
in
these
studies
he
spent
five
years
in
that
Collegde
.
Anno
Christi
1507.
His
ordination
.
he
was
made
Presbyter
:
and
John
Staupicius
endeavouring
to
promote
the
University
of
Wittenberg
(
then
lately
begun
)
knowing
the
wit
and
Learning
of
Luther
,
His
remove
to
Wittenberg
.
removed
him
thither
,
Anno
Christi
1508.
when
he
was
but
26
years
old
,
He
goes
to
Rome
Anno
Christi
1511.
where
by
his
labors
he
did
much
good
;
Three
years
after
he
was
sent
to
Rome
in
the
behalf
of
his
Convent
,
where
he
saw
the
Pope
,
and
the
manner
of
the
Roman
Clergy
,
concerning
which
he
saith
;
Popish
profaneness
.
At
Rome
I
heard
them
say
Mass
in
such
a
manner
as
I
detest
them
:
for
at
the
Communion
Table
I
heard
Curtisans
laugh
and
boast
of
their
wickedness
,
and
others
concerning
the
Bread
and
Wine
of
the
Altar
,
Saying
,
Bread
thou
art
,
and
Bread
thou
shalt
remain
;
Wine
thou
art
,
and
Wine
thou
shalt
remain
.
Upon
his
return
from
Rome
,
He
is
made
Doctor
of
Divinity
.
he
was
made
Doctor
in
Divinity
at
the
charge
of
Duke
Frederick
,
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
who
heard
him
Preach
,
An.
chr.
1512.
and
admired
the
foundness
of
his
Invention
,
the
strength
of
his
Arguments
,
and
the
excellency
of
the
things
which
he
delivered
.
Soon
after
he
began
to
explain
the
Epistle
to
the
Romans
,
and
some
Psalms
,
where
he
shewed
the
difference
between
the
Law
and
Gospel
;
refuted
Justification
by
Works
,
&c.
And
his
demeanor
agreed
with
his
Doctrine
;
his
speech
seemed
to
come
from
his
heart
,
He
studies
the
Languages
.
not
from
his
lips
only
.
Then
he
betook
himself
to
the
study
of
the
Greek
and
Hebrew
.
This
year
1517.
was
by
the
account
of
Scultetus
the
356.
from
the
Reformation
of
Religion
in
France
by
the
Waldenses
:
the
146.
from
the
first
confutation
of
Popish
Errors
in
England
by
John
Wicklief
.
The
116.
from
the
first
year
of
the
Ministry
of
John
Huss
,
who
opposed
the
Errors
of
Popery
in
Bohemia
.
The
36.
year
from
the
condemnation
of
Dr.
Wessalia
,
who
taught
at
Worms
the
same
Doctrine
before
Luther
was
born
,
that
Luther
did
afterwards
.
Anno
Christi
1517.
John
Tecelius
brought
Indulgences
into
Germany
to
be
sold
,
averring
that
he
had
so
large
a
Commission
from
the
Pope
,
Popish
blasphemy
.
that
though
a
man
had
deflroured
the
blessed
Virgin
,
yet
for
money
he
could
pardon
his
sin
:
Luther's
zeal
being
inflamed
herewith
,
He
opposeth
Indulgences
.
it
caused
him
to
set
forth
some
propositions
against
Indulgences
,
which
so
enraged
Tecelius
,
that
wheresoever
he
came
he
declamed
against
Luther
,
and
set
forth
contrary
positions
,
and
not
content
therewith
,
he
burned
openly
Luthers
propositions
,
and
the
Sermon
which
he
wrote
about
Indulgences
:
This
caused
the
Students
at
Wittenberg
to
burn
his
positions
also
.
The
Propositions
which
Luther
set
up
,
were
95
in
number
:
After
which
he
made
this
Protestation
;
His
protestation
.
I
Martin
Luther
,
Doctor
of
the
Order
of
the
Eremites
at
Wittenberg
,
would
have
it
publickly
testified
that
,
I
have
set
forth
certain
Propositions
against
the
Popes
Indulgences
as
they
call
them
;
But
albeit
neither
the
famous
and
worthy
School
of
ours
,
nor
the
Civil
nor
Ecclesiastical
Power
hath
hitherto
condemned
me
:
yet
(
as
I
hear
)
there
are
certain
men
of
a
violent
and
bold
wit
,
who
dare
to
pronounce
me
an
Heretick
,
as
if
they
well
understood
and
throughly
knew
the
whole
matter
:
But
I
beseech
every
one
,
as
I
have
often
done
before
,
so
now
by
the
Christian
Faith
,
that
they
either
shew
me
a
better
way
if
it
be
revealed
by
God
to
any
of
them
,
or
else
let
them
submit
their
sentence
to
God
and
his
Churches
Judgment
.
For
neither
am
I
so
rash
that
I
would
have
my
Opinion
alone
to
be
preferred
before
all
others
,
neither
am
I
so
doltish
that
I
would
have
the
Word
of
God
to
be
placed
after
Fables
devised
by
Humane
Reason
.
Many
defend
Luthers
Doctrine
.
Anno
Christi
1518.
Andrew
Bodenstein
,
from
his
Native
place
called
Caralostadius
,
with
many
other
Divines
of
Wittenberg
defended
Luthers
Doctrine
by
their
writings
.
Also
the
Elector
of
Saxony
of
his
own
accord
,
without
intreaty
,
took
upon
him
the
Patronage
of
Luther
,
neither
would
he
suffer
that
he
should
be
drawn
to
Rome
.
Also
about
the
same
time
Luther
(
contrary
to
the
advice
of
his
friends
)
went
to
the
Chapter
of
the
Angustine
Fryars
held
at
Heidleberg
to
defend
his
Doctrine
,
and
shew
his
obedience
to
their
Summons
.
He
was
honorably
entertained
by
the
Bishop
of
Wurstburg
,
and
at
Heidleberg
by
Wolfgang
the
Count
Palatine
.
Amongst
the
Fryers
there
he
disputed
of
28
Paradoxes
which
he
propounded
out
of
St.
Pauls
Epistles
concerning
Justification
by
Faith
without
works
.
Bucer
being
present
,
and
taking
notes
at
this
Disputation
,
wrote
thus
of
it
to
Beatus
Rhenanus
.
His
sweetness
in
answering
(
saith
he
)
was
admirable
,
his
patience
in
hearing
was
incomparable
:
you
might
have
seen
the
acuteness
of
Saint
Paul
in
resolving
doubts
,
so
that
he
brought
them
all
into
admiration
of
him
,
by
reason
of
his
short
and
pithy
answers
,
and
those
taken
out
of
the
Storehouse
of
Gods
holy
Scriptures
.
In
his
return
when
he
was
at
Erford
,
he
wrote
to
Jodocus
,
a
Divine
of
Isenach
,
who
had
been
his
Master
,
wherein
he
thus
expresseth
himself
:
The
whole
Vniversity
of
Wittenberg
is
of
my
minde
concerning
the
Doctrine
of
Faith
and
Works
except
one
Licenciat
,
and
also
the
Duke
of
Saxony
:
The
Bishop
of
Brandenburg
(
who
is
my
Ordinary
)
and
many
Prelates
,
and
the
more
Ingenuous
Citizens
say
with
one
mouth
that
they
never
knew
Christ
and
the
Gospel
before
.
August
following
,
The
Emperor
is
against
him
.
Maximilian
the
Emperor
,
hearing
of
these
Controversies
between
Luther
&
others
,
presently
wrote
to
the
Pope
to
provide
timely
remedies
against
those
spreading
evils
(
as
he
called
them
)
promising
,
that
whatever
he
should
Decree
about
the
same
,
he
would
see
that
it
should
take
place
through
all
the
Provinces
of
the
Empire
.
The
Pope
against
him
.
Hereupon
Pope
Leo
citeth
Luther
to
Rome
,
which
he
also
signified
to
his
Legat
Cardinal
Cajetan
in
these
words
,
Hearing
that
Luther
defendeth
certain
ungodly
opinions
,
estranged
from
those
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
which
is
the
Mistris
of
Faith
and
Religion
,
out
of
my
Fatherly
affection
desiring
to
repress
his
rashness
,
I
have
commanded
the
Bishop
of
Aeculan
to
cite
him
to
Rome
to
answer
those
accusations
that
are
laid
against
him
.
This
the
said
Bishop
hath
done
,
yet
Luther
is
so
far
from
returning
to
soundness
,
that
being
stubborn
in
his
Heresie
,
he
hath
set
out
writings
much
worse
then
the
former
,
to
my
great
grief
and
perturbation
,
&c.
Then
he
proceeds
to
require
the
Cardinal
to
see
that
Luther
were
brought
to
Auspurg
,
and
that
he
should
implore
the
Emperour
and
Princes
to
set
a
guard
upon
him
,
and
carry
him
to
Rome
:
yet
withall
if
he
should
repent
,
and
voluntarily
confess
his
fault
,
he
bade
the
Cardinal
pardon
him
,
otherwise
to
interdict
him
from
holy
services
,
&c.
The
Pope
also
wrote
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
The
Pope
writes
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
.
in
which
Letter
after
a
few
flatteries
,
he
tels
him
that
he
heareth
many
and
grievous
complaints
against
Luther
,
(
an
undone
man
)
who
forgetting
his
Order
and
Profession
doth
many
things
very
sawcily
against
the
Church
of
God
with
great
confidence
:
braging
that
he
is
defended
with
the
favor
of
his
Prince
,
and
that
he
fears
the
authority
of
no
man
:
which
thing
he
presumes
to
be
false
and
scandalous
to
the
Prince
:
yet
(
saith
he
)
I
am
willing
to
write
to
you
,
to
admonish
you
to
be
mindeful
of
the
dignity
and
splendor
of
your
Ancestors
,
flying
not
only
the
fault
,
but
also
suspition
of
it
,
&c.
After
which
he
tels
him
that
it
properly
belonged
to
the
Church
of
Rome
to
judge
in
these
causes
of
Religion
,
and
therefore
requires
him
at
the
request
of
his
Legat
to
see
that
Luther
be
sent
to
Rome
,
that
there
he
might
be
either
censured
or
pardoned
according
to
his
deserts
.
The
Pope
wrote
also
to
the
Master
of
the
Augustine
Monks
,
The
Pope
further
persecutes
him
.
exhorting
him
by
his
Authority
to
endeavour
to
recal
Luther
from
his
undertakings
,
and
to
sollicit
him
earnestly
thereto
both
by
Letters
and
learned
men
:
withall
telling
him
that
this
must
be
done
speedily
,
whereby
he
might
quench
the
flame
that
was
but
lately
risen
,
whereas
by
delays
it
was
to
be
feared
that
the
danger
would
grow
greater
and
greater
;
for
the
timely
suppressing
whereof
he
required
him
to
use
all
his
study
,
care
,
and
diligence
.
When
Luther
saw
that
he
was
called
to
Rome
,
Luther
cited
to
Rome
.
he
earnestly
sollicited
that
his
cause
might
be
heard
in
Germany
,
before
fit
Judges
appointed
thereto
,
and
in
a
place
least
subject
unto
danger
.
The
University
also
of
Wittenberg
wrote
to
the
Pope
,
giving
a
notable
testimony
unto
Luther
both
for
his
Life
and
Learning
:
They
said
also
that
in
regard
of
his
sickliness
,
and
the
danger
of
the
way
,
The
University
pleads
for
him
.
he
could
not
go
to
Rome
:
they
beseeched
the
Pope
that
he
would
think
no
otherwise
of
him
then
of
a
good
man
:
that
certain
things
indeed
were
propounded
by
him
only
for
Disputation
sake
,
not
to
define
them
:
that
his
Adversaries
interpreted
him
in
the
worse
sense
,
and
thereby
much
exasperated
him
:
beseeching
him
to
give
credit
to
this
their
Testimony
.
They
wrote
also
to
Charles
Miltitius
,
a
Germane
,
who
was
Chamberlain
to
the
Pope
,
highly
commending
Luther
,
and
desiring
him
to
procure
of
the
Pope
that
indifferent
Judges
might
be
appointed
to
hear
his
cause
in
Germany
:
presuming
that
he
being
a
German
,
would
favour
his
Country-man
who
was
oppressed
with
slanders
,
and
in
danger
of
his
life
in
an
honest
cause
.
Prince
Frederick
also
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
treated
with
Cardinal
Cajetan
,
and
so
prevailed
with
him
,
that
Luther
should
be
called
to
Auspurg
,
there
to
plead
his
cause
before
the
Cardinal
.
About
this
time
the
Bohemians
sent
a
Book
to
him
written
by
John
Huss
,
The
Bohemians
encourage
Luther
.
encouraging
him
to
constancy
and
patience
,
confesting
that
what
he
taught
was
sound
and
right
.
In
a
Letter
to
Spalatinus
he
thus
writes
;
In
what
matter
soever
I
have
not
so
roughly
dealt
with
the
Romanists
,
let
them
not
ascribe
it
to
my
modesty
,
Luthers
resolution
.
nor
to
their
deserts
,
but
to
my
respect
to
my
Prince
and
his
Authority
,
and
to
the
common
good
of
the
Students
of
Wittenberg
:
His
courage
.
As
for
my self
,
Contemptus
à
me
est
Romanus
&
favor
,
&
furor
:
I
contemn
Romes
favour
and
fury
:
Let
them
censure
and
burn
all
my
books
,
I
will
do
the
like
by
theirs
,
and
will
put
an
end
to
all
my
humble
observance
of
them
,
which
doth
but
incense
them
more
and
more
.
The
Elector
of
Saxony
telling
Erasmus
that
he
wondred
at
the
Monks
and
Popes
extreme
hatred
of
Luther
:
Erasmus
answered
,
The
cause
why
Luther
was
so
hated
.
Your
Highness
needs
not
wonder
at
it
,
seeing
he
deals
against
the
Monks
Bellies
and
the
Popes
Crown
.
And
the
same
Erasmus
being
profered
a
great
Bishoprick
if
he
would
write
against
Luther
,
Erasmus's
testimony
of
him
.
answered
,
That
Luther
was
too
great
a
man
for
him
to
deal
with
,
and
that
he
learned
more
from
one
short
page
of
Luthers
writings
,
then
from
all
Thomas
Aquinas
'
s
great
Books
.
Erasmus
also
in
a
Letter
to
the
Archbishop
of
Mentz
,
saith
,
That
many
things
were
in
the
Books
of
Luther
condemned
by
Monks
and
Divines
for
Heresie
,
which
in
the
Books
of
Bernard
and
Augustine
are
reputed
sound
and
godly
.
About
the
same
time
Margaret
,
Caesars
Aunt
,
who
governed
the
Low-Countries
,
when
the
Masters
of
Lovan
complained
to
her
that
the
writings
of
Luther
overthrew
the
whole
Christian
Common-wealth
;
she
asked
them
,
what
kinde
of
man
that
Luther
was
?
To
whom
they
answered
,
An
unlearned
Monk
:
whereupon
she
replyed
:
Therefore
do
you
who
are
many
learned
men
,
write
against
that
one
unlearned
fellow
:
For
sure
the
World
will
sooner
beleive
many
learned
,
before
one
unlearned
man
.
Luther
being
cited
,
Luther
cited
to
Ausburg
.
as
we
said
before
,
to
appear
before
Cardinal
Cajetan
at
Auspurg
,
went
thither
,
and
having
obtained
a
safe
conduct
from
the
Emperour
Maximilian
,
he
appeared
before
the
Cardinal
,
where
he
justified
his
Doctrine
,
and
profered
to
maintain
the
same
either
by
Disputation
or
Writing
:
The
Cardinal
being
much
offended
with
him
for
his
bold
speech
,
would
not
suffer
him
to
come
before
him
any
more
:
Hereupon
Luther
,
Luther
goes
from
Ausburg
.
after
five
or
six
days
stay
,
when
he
heard
no
more
from
him
,
appealeth
to
the
Pope
,
and
so
departeth
home
.
But
the
Cardinal
wrote
after
him
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
That
as
he
tendered
his
own
honor
and
safety
,
he
should
expel
Luther
out
of
his
Dominions
:
This
Letter
the
Duke
sent
to
Luther
,
who
wrote
back
again
,
that
rather
then
he
would
any
way
indanger
his
Prince
,
he
would
depart
thence
,
and
go
whitheresoever
it
should
please
the
Lord
to
lead
him
.
But
the
whole
University
of
Wittenberg
(
seeing
the
cause
of
God
in
danger
by
this
means
to
decline
)
wrote
to
the
Prince
,
The
University
of
Wittenberg
stands
for
him
.
humbly
beseeching
him
,
that
of
his
Princely
Honor
,
he
would
not
suffer
Innocency
to
be
thus
oppressed
by
meer
violence
:
but
that
the
Error
might
first
be
shewed
,
and
Luther
be
convicted
of
it
,
before
he
be
pronounced
guilty
:
Hereupon
the
Duke
hearing
Luther
Sermons
,
and
reading
his
Books
with
more
diligence
,
began
to
favour
his
quarrel
more
then
he
did
before
,
and
thereupon
wrote
back
to
the
Cardinal
to
this
purpose
:
The
Duke
of
Saxony
pleads
for
him
.
That
whereas
he
had
promised
that
Luther
should
come
to
Ausparg
that
being
done
,
he
could
do
no
more
:
That
the
Legat
had
also
promised
him
that
he
would
dismiss
Luther
in
a
friendly
manner
:
But
that
it
seemed
a
wonder
to
him
that
he
would
have
forced
Luther
to
a
recantation
before
he
had
pleaded
his
cause
:
That
there
were
many
not
only
in
his
Jurisdiction
,
but
in
other
places
also
that
were
learned
and
vertuous
persons
which
did
not
condemn
Luthers
Doctrine
,
but
they
which
opposed
him
were
men
drawn
thereto
through
filthy
covetousness
:
But
if
they
would
shew
him
his
Error
,
he
would
then
do
therein
the
Office
of
a
Christian
Prince
,
as
one
that
respected
the
glory
of
God
,
and
desired
to
provide
for
the
peace
of
his
Conscience
;
and
that
whereas
(
beyond
his
expectation
)
he
wrote
that
Luther
should
be
prosecuted
at
Rome
,
and
therefore
required
that
either
he
should
be
sent
to
Rome
,
or
banished
his
Dominions
:
he
answered
that
he
could
not
agree
thereto
:
First
,
because
his
Error
is
not
yet
shewed
him
:
Secondly
,
because
it
would
be
an
intolerable
loss
to
the
University
of
Wittenberg
,
which
he
had
lately
founded
,
wherein
were
many
Students
and
Learned
men
which
loved
Luther
exceedingly
,
who
had
deserved
so
well
of
them
;
That
Luther
is
still
willing
to
come
to
a
Disputation
in
a
place
not
suspected
,
and
to
submit
to
the
judgements
of
such
as
can
bring
any
thing
more
right
,
or
to
answer
by
writing
;
That
he
thinketh
it
just
that
this
be
granted
him
,
and
requesteth
that
it
may
be
so
done
,
that
so
it
may
appear
why
he
is
counted
an
Heretick
,
and
what
himself
ought
chiefly
to
follow
,
assuring
him
that
he
will
maintain
no
Error
:
And
as
he
is
unwilling
to
depart
from
the
observance
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
so
neither
can
he
condemn
Luther
,
till
his
Errors
and
Crimes
be
detected
.
After
the
death
of
Maximilian
,
Popes
malice
.
and
the
Coronation
of
Charles
the
fifth
,
the
Pope
sent
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
by
some
Cardinals
,
requesting
him
,
that
he
would
cause
all
Luthers
Books
to
be
burnt
;
and
that
he
would
see
Luther
either
to
be
executed
in
Saxony
,
or
else
that
he
would
secure
him
,
and
send
him
to
Rome
;
To
which
the
Duke
answered
,
That
he
was
ready
to
shew
his
obedience
to
the
Pope
,
The
Dukes
answer
.
but
yet
he
could
not
send
Luther
to
him
,
till
his
cause
was
heard
before
the
Emperour
,
and
till
he
was
convicted
of
Error
;
and
then
if
he
recanted
not
,
he
should
finde
no
favour
at
his
hands
.
About
this
time
,
many
Adversaries
being
risen
up
against
Luther
,
there
was
a
Disputation
appointed
a
Lipsick
,
to
which
Luther
came
accompanyed
with
Phil.
Melancthon
,
Luther
disputes
at
Lipsick
.
who
was
come
to
Wittenberg
the
year
before
:
On
the
adverse
party
came
John
Eckius
,
a
bold
and
confident
Divine
:
This
Disputation
lasted
fourteen
days
,
which
was
after
published
in
print
by
Luther
and
Petrus
Mossellanus
.
Presently
after
,
Fryars
and
Bishops
stir
up
the
Pope
against
him
.
the
Fryars
grievously
charged
the
Pope
with
neglect
of
his
duty
,
in
that
minding
his
pleasures
so
much
(
whereunto
he
was
wondrously
addicted
)
he
in
the
mean
time
neglected
the
care
of
the
Church
,
in
not
timely
suppressing
the
Doctrine
of
Luther
:
The
Bishops
also
of
Germany
having
condemned
the
Doctrine
of
Luther
,
wrote
earnestly
to
the
Pope
against
him
,
whereupon
the
Pope
calling
together
the
Cardinals
,
Bishops
,
Divines
,
and
Canonists
,
referred
the
business
wholly
to
their
pleasures
,
who
after
much
contention
and
wrangling
amongst
themselves
,
at
last
concluded
that
a
certain
day
should
be
appointed
for
Luthers
appearing
,
and
that
his
Books
should
be
burnt
openly
.
The
Court
of
Saxony
hearing
these
things
,
Luther
intends
a
retreat
.
was
somewhat
troubled
,
which
when
Luther
perceived
,
he
began
to
bethink
himself
of
retiring
into
Bohemia
:
which
being
taken
notice
of
,
Sir
Francis
of
Sickingen
,
Sir
Vlrick
of
Hutten
,
and
Silvester
of
Scavenberg
,
a
Noble
Franconian
,
offered
him
both
entertainment
and
patronage
;
intreating
him
not
to
go
into
Bohemia
,
but
to
come
into
Franconia
,
if
the
Romans
curses
did
prevail
,
promising
him
an
hundred
Noble
Horse-men
of
Franconia
for
his
guard
.
Hereupon
Luthers
courage
encreaseth
,
and
he
giveth
notice
to
the
Cardinal
of
Saint
George
,
that
if
the
Popes
curses
drave
him
out
of
Wittenberg
,
they
should
get
nothing
by
it
,
seeing
there
were
now
,
not
only
in
Bohemia
,
but
in
the
midst
of
Germany
such
as
were
able
and
willing
to
defend
him
against
the
Popes
power
:
And
then
(
saith
he
)
being
safe
guarded
by
these
Protectors
,
I
shall
more
cruelly
inveigh
against
the
Romanists
then
if
you
let
me
alone
in
peace
under
my
Prince
.
Yet
June
15.
The
Popes
Bull
against
him
.
the
Pope
publisheth
his
Bull
against
Luther
,
and
all
his
partakers
:
Forbidding
upon
pain
of
Excommunication
,
the
reading
or
keeping
any
of
his
Books
:
commanding
all
men
to
apprehend
him
,
and
bring
him
to
Rome
:
and
interdicting
all
places
where
he
should
come
.
This
Bull
in
many
places
of
Germany
was
opposed
and
torn
in
peices
:
The
Bull
answered
.
and
Sir
Vlrick
Hutten
published
it
with
interlineary
Glosses
,
and
marginal
Notes
,
to
their
great
disgrace
.
But
before
this
came
abroad
Luther
had
published
his
Book
De
Captivitate
Babylonica
,
wherein
he
professed
that
he
was
daily
made
more
learned
,
wishing
that
his
Books
about
Indulgences
were
burned
,
and
that
instead
thereof
this
Position
were
set
forth
,
Indulgences
are
the
wickednesses
of
the
flatterers
of
Rome
.
The
Bull
excommunicated
.
And
when
the
Popes
Bull
came
forth
,
Luther
Excommunicated
the
Bull
it self
and
the
Authors
of
it
;
He
also
published
a
defence
of
all
the
Articles
condemned
by
the
Pope
,
appealing
from
the
Pope
to
a
Council
.
After
this
the
Cardinals
,
according
to
the
their
Commission
,
told
the
Duke
,
Luthers
books
burnt
.
that
they
could
doe
no
less
then
burn
Luthers
Books
;
which
accordingly
they
did
:
But
Luther
hearing
of
it
,
He
burns
the
Bull.
being
accompanyed
with
all
the
University
,
he
also
openly
burnt
the
Popes
Decrees
,
and
his
Bull
lately
sent
out
against
him
.
At
which
time
he
added
these
words
,
Because
thou
hast
troubled
the
holy
one
of
the
Lord
,
eternal
fire
shall
trouble
thee
.
A
while
after
the
Emperour
Charles
the
fifth
coming
into
Germany
,
Luther
sent
for
to
Worms
.
Prince
Frederick
of
Saxony
accompanyed
him
to
Worms
,
from
whence
he
wrote
to
Luther
that
he
had
obtained
of
the
Emperour
to
hear
him
openly
at
the
Diet
:
to
which
Luther
answered
,
that
it
was
very
welcome
news
to
him
that
the
Emperor
would
take
to
himself
the
hearing
of
his
cause
,
promising
to
do
all
which
he
could
with
a
safe
conscience
,
and
not
wronging
the
cause
of
Christ
.
March
the
sixth
,
the
Emperour
sent
for
him
,
and
withall
sent
him
a
safe
Conduct
,
requiring
his
repair
thither
within
21
days
:
His
friends
disswade
him
.
but
many
of
his
friends
disswaded
him
from
going
,
to
whom
he
answered
,
That
these
discouragements
were
cast
into
his
way
by
Satan
▪
His
courage
.
who
knew
that
by
his
profession
of
the
truth
in
so
illustrious
a
place
,
his
Kingdom
would
be
shaken
,
and
therefore
if
he
knew
that
there
were
as
many
Divels
in
worms
as
Tiles
on
the
Houses
,
yet
would
he
go
thither
,
&c.
April
the
sixteenth
,
He
goes
to
Worms
.
Luther
came
to
Worms
:
whereupon
some
perswaded
the
Emperor
to
deal
with
him
as
the
Council
of
Constance
had
dealt
with
John
Huss
:
But
the
Emperour
said
,
That
the
Publik
Faith
was
not
to
be
violated
.
The
next
day
Luther
appeared
before
the
Emperour
,
and
a
frequent
Assembly
of
the
Princes
,
at
which
time
Eccius
,
a
Lawyer
,
at
the
command
of
the
Emperour
,
made
a
speech
,
in
the
end
whereof
he
asked
him
whether
he
would
recant
and
retract
his
works
?
To
which
Luther
after
deliberation
,
His
answer
to
Eccius
.
answered
,
Of
my
Books
(
saith
he
)
some
tend
to
Faith
and
Piety
;
to
these
my
Adversaries
give
an
ample
testimony
:
others
are
against
the
Pope
and
his
Doctrine
;
should
I
revoke
these
,
I
should
confirm
his
Tyranny
:
others
are
against
private
men
who
defend
his
cause
;
in
these
I
confess
,
I
have
been
too
vehement
,
yet
I
cannot
revoke
them
,
unless
I
will
set
open
a
gap
to
the
impudency
of
many
.
But
Eccius
told
him
that
the
Emperour
was
not
satisfied
with
this
answer
,
but
required
his
recantation
.
To
which
Luther
answered
,
His
constancy
.
I
beseech
you
,
give
me
leave
to
maintain
the
peace
of
my
own
conscience
,
which
,
if
I
should
consent
to
you
,
I
cannot
do
.
For
unless
my
Adversaries
can
convince
me
by
sound
Arguments
taken
out
of
the
holy
Scriptures
,
I
cannot
satisfie
my
conscience
.
For
I
can
plainly
prove
that
both
Popes
and
Councils
have
often
erred
grievously
:
and
therefore
it
would
be
an
ungodly
thing
for
me
to
assent
to
them
,
and
to
depart
from
the
holy
Scriptures
which
is
plain
and
only
cannot
err
.
And
so
he
departed
at
that
time
.
But
the
next
day
the
Emperour
sent
his
Letter
to
the
Assembly
of
the
Princes
,
The
Emperour
intends
to
proscribe
him
.
wherein
he
wrote
that
his
Ancestors
had
always
professed
the
Christian
Religion
,
and
had
observed
the
Church
of
Rome
,
which
seeing
Luther
now
opposed
,
and
flood
stifly
to
his
opinion
,
it
behoved
him
to
proscribe
him
and
his
companions
,
and
to
provide
fit
remedies
to
quench
that
flame
.
Yet
that
he
would
keep
the
Publick
Faith
given
him
,
so
that
he
might
return
safe
to
his
own
home
.
The
Princes
were
divided
in
their
opinions
;
The
Princes
divided
about
it
.
but
the
major
part
held
that
he
was
not
rashly
to
be
condemned
,
because
the
Emperour
being
a
young
man
,
was
instigated
against
him
by
the
Pope
and
his
Ministers
.
A
few
days
after
the
Bishop
of
Trevers
appointed
Luther
to
come
unto
him
,
with
whom
also
some
other
of
the
Princes
were
assembled
:
at
which
time
they
used
many
Arguments
to
draw
him
to
a
recantation
,
and
concluded
that
they
perceived
that
if
he
refused
,
the
Emperours
purpose
was
to
banish
him
out
of
the
bounds
of
the
Empire
,
and
therefore
they
exhorted
him
seriously
to
think
upon
the
same
.
Luther
answered
that
he
was
very
thankful
to
them
that
so
great
Princes
would
take
so
much
pains
for
his
sake
who
was
so
mean
,
and
unworthy
a
person
:
Luther●
courage
.
yet
he
told
them
that
he
would
rather
lose
his
life
then
depart
from
the
manifest
Truth
of
the
Word
of
God
,
seeing
its
better
to
obey
God
then
man
,
&c.
Then
was
he
commanded
to
withdraw
:
and
there
came
to
him
one
●aeus
a
Lawyer
;
who
perswaded
him
to
submit
his
writings
to
the
judgement
of
Caesar
and
the
Princes
:
To
whom
he
answered
,
that
he
would
not
decline
the
judgement
of
Caesar
,
and
the
Orders
of
the
Empire
if
they
would
be
guided
by
the
Word
of
God
which
(
saith
he
)
makes
so
plain
for
me
,
that
unless
they
convince
me
of
an
Error
,
I
cannot
depart
from
mine
opinion
.
Shortly
after
the
Emperor
sent
to
him
to
depart
home
,
He
is
proscribed
.
giving
him
21
days
for
his
return
,
commanding
him
neither
by
writing
nor
word
to
declare
any
thing
to
the
people
by
the
way
.
And
after
his
departure
the
Emperour
proscribed
him
.
After
the
publication
whereof
,
And
se●●way
.
Prince
Frederick
appointed
certain
Noble
men
,
whom
he
most
confided
in
,
to
convey
him
to
a
secret
place
thereby
to
avoid
the
danger
,
who
accordingly
conveyed
him
privately
to
Wartsburg
,
His
Patmos
.
which
he
called
his
Patmos
,
where
he
continued
ten
moneths
,
and
wrote
divers
useful
Treatises
.
The
Papists
imployed
Wizards
to
descrie
him
,
Witchcraft
frustrated
.
but
they
could
not
certainly
design
the
place
where
he
was
.
In
Luthers
absence
,
the
University
of
Wittenberg
sollicited
Prince
Frederick
to
abolish
the
Mass
out
of
his
Jurisdiction
,
Reformation
in
his
absence
.
shewing
him
the
impiety
of
the
same
,
and
that
it
was
invented
but
about
400
years
before
for
the
Popes
profit
,
to
which
the
Prince
gave
them
a
very
prudent
and
pious
answer
.
Anno
Christi
1522.
Luther
wrote
to
Melancthon
,
to
provide
him
a
lodging
at
Wittenberg
:
For
(
saith
he
)
the
Translation
of
the
Bible
will
urge
me
to
return
.
He
translates
the
Bible
.
For
having
translated
much
of
the
Bible
into
Dutch
in
his
Patmos
,
it
was
necessary
for
him
to
confer
with
learned
men
,
and
to
have
their
help
and
assistance
about
the
same
.
In
his
absence
,
Justus
Jonas
,
Caralostad
,
Phil.
Melancthon
,
Ampsdorfius
,
&c.
had
removed
private
Mass
,
Images
,
auricular
confession
,
Prayer
to
Saints
,
&c.
March
the
sixth
,
Luther
came
back
to
Wittenberg
,
His
return
to
Wittenberg
.
and
preached
every
day
,
taxing
the
Reformers
in
one
of
his
Sermons
,
as
if
they
had
erred
in
abolishing
the
Mass
:
Not
(
saith
he
)
because
it
's
sinful
to
do
it
,
but
because
they
have
not
done
it
in
a
right
order
,
&c.
And
as
touching
the
pulling
down
of
Images
he
said
,
He
is
displeased
with
the
reformation
.
If
any
worship
Images
,
they
are
to
be
abolished
;
otherwise
they
are
to
be
endured
:
yet
I
wish
they
were
all
taken
away
because
of
the
abuse
of
them
,
which
we
cannot
dissemble
.
Caralostadius
was
much
netled
with
these
and
other
such
like
speeches
,
who
was
the
chief
doer
in
these
matters
,
saying
that
Luther
would
have
all
men
enslaved
to
his
authority
,
and
would
suffer
no
man
to
do
or
write
any
thing
whereof
himself
was
not
the
first
Author
.
Presently
after
Luther
excused
himself
by
Letters
to
Prince
Frederick
for
returning
to
Wittenberg
without
his
leave
,
and
concludes
that
he
returned
to
Wittenberg
under
a
stronger
protection
then
the
Elector
could
give
him
;
His
faith
.
for
saith
he
,
God
alone
can
order
and
promote
the
Truth
without
any
mans
excessive
care
,
and
helping
hand
:
Therefore
in
this
cause
,
he
that
most
strongly
trusts
to
Gods
assistance
,
he
most
surely
defends
himself
and
others
.
Anno
Christi
1522.
He
printed
the
New
Testament
(
translated
by
him
in
his
Patmos
)
into
the
Germane
tongue
,
and
revised
by
Melancthon
,
whereat
our
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
and
George
Duke
of
Saxony
were
much
troubled
.
About
this
time
Thomas
Muncer
,
an
Anabaptist
,
The
rising
of
the
Anabaptists
.
wrote
a
Fanatick
Book
against
him
and
his
Doctrine
,
and
the
Boors
seduced
by
him
,
rose
in
Arms
,
publishing
their
demands
,
whereof
these
were
some
:
That
they
might
choose
their
own
Ministers
:
That
they
might
pay
no
Tithes
,
but
of
corn
only
,
which
also
might
be
distributed
partly
to
the
Ministers
,
partly
to
the
Poor
,
and
other
common
uses
.
That
they
should
not
be
used
as
servants
,
who
were
made
free
by
the
blood
of
Christ
,
&c.
To
these
Proposals
Luther
wrote
an
answer
,
Luther
unmasks
them
.
That
indeed
Princes
grievously
offend
by
forbidding
the
sincere
Preaching
of
the
Gospel
,
and
for
overburdening
of
their
subjects
:
But
yet
for
these
things
the
subjects
may
not
take
Arms
against
their
Magistrates
:
That
there
was
no
reason
why
they
should
place
their
hope
in
the
multitude
,
seeing
God
can
easily
destroy
them
:
That
they
abused
the
Name
of
God
,
pretending
it
for
their
Sedition
,
as
if
they
desired
to
promote
the
sincere
glory
of
God
,
the
Doctrine
of
the
Gospel
,
Justice
and
Equity
,
whereas
indeed
they
go
about
to
take
from
the
Magistrate
the
power
that
God
hath
given
him
,
and
whom
God
hath
commanded
them
to
obey
.
Afterwards
he
proceeded
to
examine
their
Demands
,
shewing
that
the
most
of
them
were
contrary
to
the
Law
of
Nature
and
Equity
,
telling
them
also
how
great
their
confusion
would
be
,
should
they
be
granted
.
And
for
the
rest
,
which
seemed
to
be
grounded
upon
any
Equity
,
he
referred
them
to
be
examined
by
the
Lawyers
.
Lastly
,
he
exhorted
them
lovingly
and
brotherly
to
lay
down
their
Arms
,
and
to
obey
their
Magistrates
:
telling
them
that
they
might
remove
from
those
places
where
the
Preaching
of
the
Gospel
is
forbidden
:
but
they
may
not
oppose
themselves
violently
against
their
Magistrates
.
But
when
this
admonition
prevailed
nothing
,
He
deals
more
sharply
with
them
.
he
wrote
another
Treatise
,
wherein
he
exhorted
all
men
to
join
together
for
the
utter
subversion
of
these
Theevish
incendiaries
,
as
for
the
quenching
of
a
common
fire
.
Thomas
Muncer
(
a
phanatical
Preacher
)
sowed
the
seeds
of
this
Sedition
,
Muncer
and
Pseiffer
the
Incendiaries
.
and
was
holpen
much
by
one
Pseiffer
:
These
vented
their
dreams
,
and
told
their
followers
that
they
should
kill
their
Enemies
as
Mice
in
a
Barn
.
The
Anabaptists
beaten
.
Hereupon
some
of
the
Princes
assembled
their
Forces
,
and
pitying
this
wretched
seduced
multitude
,
offered
them
peace
if
they
would
lay
down
their
Arms
,
and
depart
home
:
But
Muncer
told
his
followers
,
that
the
Princes
were
afraid
,
and
that
by
a
Divine
Revelation
he
could
assure
them
of
victory
:
Hereupon
they
came
to
a
battel
,
wherein
5000
of
them
were
slain
,
and
the
rest
fled
to
Francusium
:
but
the
Princes
pursuing
them
,
took
the
City
,
put
300
more
to
death
:
and
Muncer
being
taken
,
was
brought
before
the
Princes
,
who
chid
him
for
his
proceedings
,
and
then
racked
him
to
confess
his
complices
:
Upon
the
wrack
he
cryed
out
grievously
,
whereupon
Prince
George
of
Saxony
said
,
But
think
upon
the
slaughter
of
the
poor
wretches
,
who
being
deceived
by
you
,
perished
yesterday
:
Muncer
and
Pseiffer
beheaded
.
Upon
this
Muncer
laughed
out
right
,
and
said
,
Why
?
they
would
be
deceived
.
When
he
was
to
be
beheaded
,
he
was
so
faint-hearted
that
he
could
not
rehearse
the
Apostles
Creed
:
with
him
also
was
beheaded
Pseiffer
,
and
some
others
:
and
shortly
after
was
finished
that
mournful
war
of
the
Clowns
,
whereinin
several
places
were
slain
above
fifty
thousand
,
some
say
one
hundred
thousand
.
Anno
Christi
1525.
Luthers
marriage
.
Luther
marryed
Catherine
a
Bore●
,
who
had
formerly
been
a
Nun.
This
Luthers
freinds
disliked
very
much
,
that
he
should
marry
at
so
unseasonable
a
time
,
when
Germany
weltred
in
the
blood
of
the
Clowns
,
and
Saxony
mourned
for
the
death
of
Frederick
their
Prince
:
Melancthon
excuses
it
.
But
Phil.
Melancthon
wrote
thus
to
Camerarius
.
Perhaps
some
will
wonder
that
Luther
should
marry
in
these
unhappy
times
,
as
if
he
cared
not
for
those
mischiefs
which
are
before
our
Eyes
:
But
I
think
this
was
the
occasion
of
it
:
you
know
well
enough
his
course
of
life
,
that
he
is
none
of
those
that
shun
meetings
;
I
think
better
to
leave
you
to
think
the
rest
,
then
that
I
should
write
it
:
If
any
undecent
thing
be
reported
by
the
people
of
him
,
it
's
alye
and
a
calumny
.
I
judge
also
that
nature
compelled
him
to
become
as
husband
.
If
any
thing
seem
unseasonable
and
unadvised
,
it
must
not
trouble
us
too
much
:
perhaps
there
is
some
hidden
and
divine
matter
in
it
,
into
which
it
becometh
not
us
curiously
to
search
,
and
because
I
see
him
sorrowful
for
the
change
of
his
condition
,
I
labor
to
comfort
him
all
that
I
can
.
Anno
1527.
His
sickness
.
he
fell
sick
of
a
congealing
of
blood
about
his
heart
;
but
by
the
drinking
of
the
water
of
Carduus
Benedictus
,
he
recovered
.
Presently
after
(
on
a
Sabbath
day
)
he
endured
a
spiritual
temptation
,
which
he
called
the
buffeting
of
Satan
:
It
seemed
to
him
that
swelling
surges
of
the
Sea
did
sound
aloud
at
his
left
Ear
,
His
Tentation
.
and
that
so
violently
,
that
dye
he
must
,
except
they
presently
grew
calm
:
afterwards
when
the
noise
came
within
his
head
,
he
fell
down
as
one
dead
,
and
was
so
cold
in
each
part
,
ut
nec
calor
,
How
he
recovered
.
nec
sanguis
,
nec
sensus
,
nec
vox
superesset
:
that
he
had
remaining
neither
heat
,
nor
blood
,
nor
sense
,
nor
voice
;
but
when
his
face
was
sprinkled
with
cold
water
by
Justus
Jonas
,
he
came
to
himself
,
and
prayed
most
earnestly
,
and
made
a
confession
of
his
Faith
,
saying
,
That
he
was
unworthy
to
suffer
Martyrdom
,
which
by
his
proceedings
he
might
seem
to
run
upon
.
He
often
mentions
this
tentation
in
his
Letters
to
his
Friends
,
and
was
confirmed
in
his
Faith
by
receiving
absolution
from
a
Minister
,
and
the
use
of
the
Sacrament
.
Melancthon
knowing
the
rage
of
the
Papists
,
Melancthons
fears
.
and
Caesars
threats
to
subvert
the
Gospel
,
was
much
troubled
at
it
,
and
gave
himself
wholly
up
to
grief
,
Luther
encourageth
him
.
sighs
and
tears
;
whereupon
Luther
wrote
to
him
:
In
private
conflicts
I
am
weak
,
and
you
are
strong
;
but
in
publick
conflicts
,
you
are
found
weak
,
and
I
stronger
;
An
excellent
speech
.
because
I
am
assured
that
our
cause
is
just
and
true
:
If
we
fall
,
Christ
,
the
L●rd
and
Ruler
of
the
World
falleth
with
us
▪
and
suppose
he
fall
,
Mallem
ruere
cum
Christo
,
quàm
regnare
cum
Caesare
,
I
had
rather
fall
with
Christ
then
stand
with
Caesar
:
I
extremely
dislike
your
excessive
cares
,
with
which
you
say
,
that
you
are
almost
consumed
:
That
these
reign
so
much
in
your
heart
,
it
is
not
from
the
greatness
of
the
danger
,
but
the
greatness
of
your
incredulity
.
Si
piam
,
&
justam
causam
defendimus
,
cur
Dei
promistis
non
confidimus
?
praeter
vitam
hanc
misellam
Satanas
,
&
mundus
nobis
eripere
nihil
potest
.
At
vivit
,
&
in
sempiternum
regnat
Christus
,
in
cujus
tutela
consistit
veritas
:
Is
nobis
aderit
:
is
etiam
causam
hanc
,
quae
non
nostra
,
sed
ipsius
est
,
ad
optatum
producet
finem
.
If
the
cause
be
bad
,
let
us
revoke
it
,
and
flie
back
:
if
it
be
good
,
Why
do
we
make
God
a
lyer
?
who
hath
made
us
so
great
promises
:
Cast
thy
care
upon
the
Lord
,
&c.
Be
of
good
comfort
,
His
faith
.
I
have
overcome
the
world
.
If
Christ
be
the
conquerour
of
the
world
,
why
should
we
fear
it
as
if
it
would
overcome
us
?
A
man
would
fetch
such
sentences
as
these
upon
his
knees
,
from
Rome
or
Hierusalem
.
Nolite
igitur
timere
,
estote
fortes
,
&
laeti
,
nihil
solliciti
,
Dominus
propè
adest
:
Be
not
afraid
;
be
couragious
and
cheerful
:
solicitous
for
nothing
The
Lord
is
at
hand
to
help
us
.
Luthers
courage
.
And
in
another
place
when
our
King
Henry
the
Eighth
had
written
bitterly
against
him
:
Agant
quicquid
possunt
Henrici
,
Episcopi
,
atque
adeò
Turca
,
&
ipse
Satan
,
nos
filii
sumus
regni
,
&c.
Let
the
Henries
,
the
Bishops
,
the
Turk
,
and
the
Divel
himself
do
what
they
can
;
we
are
the
children
of
the
Kingdom
,
worshipping
,
and
waiting
for
that
Saviour
,
whom
they
,
and
such
as
they
,
spit
upon
and
crucifie
.
Concerning
this
his
answer
,
Erasmus
censures
him
.
Erasmus
thus
writes
,
If
(
saith
he
)
Luther
commending
the
Kings
good
intention
,
had
proceeded
by
strong
Arguments
,
without
violating
the
Kingly
Majesty
,
in
my
judgement
,
he
had
taken
a
better
course
for
the
defence
of
his
cause
.
For
what
made
Luther
in
his
Book
to
the
King
of
England
,
to
use
these
words
,
Come
hither
my
Lord
Henry
,
and
I
will
teach
you
?
Truly
the
Kings
Book
was
written
in
Latine
,
and
that
not
unlearnedly
:
But
Luther
thus
excuseth
himself
,
He
defends
his
Book
against
King
Henry
the
Eighth
.
If
any
man
(
saith
he
)
be
offended
at
my
sharpness
against
the
King
,
let
him
know
that
in
that
Book
I
dealt
with
senseless
Monsters
,
who
contemned
my
best
and
most
modest
writings
,
and
by
my
humility
and
modesty
were
more
hardned
in
their
Errors
:
Besides
I
abstained
from
bitterness
and
lies
,
with
which
the
Kings
Book
was
stuffed
.
Neither
is
it
any
wonder
,
if
I
contemn
and
bite
an
Earthly
King
,
when
as
he
feared
not
at
all
in
his
writings
to
blaspheme
the
King
of
Heaven
,
and
to
profane
his
truth
with
virulent
lyes
.
Anno
Christi
1523.
A
Diet
was
held
at
Norinberg
in
the
absence
of
Caesar
,
wherein
the
Edict
of
Worms
was
made
null
:
Of
this
the
Popes
Legat
complained
to
the
Princes
,
saying
,
That
Luther
was
not
punished
according
to
the
Emperours
Edict
;
W●y
Luther
was
not
punished
.
To
which
the
Princes
answered
:
That
the
Court
of
Rome
neglected
Reformation
:
That
Germany
was
so
far
inlightned
by
the
Sermons
and
Writings
of
Luther
,
that
if
they
should
go
about
to
put
the
Edict
in
Execution
,
great
tumults
would
arise
,
and
the
people
would
be
ready
to
think
that
they
went
about
to
oppress
the
Truth
,
and
to
put
out
the
light
of
the
Gospel
,
that
so
they
might
the
better
defend
those
manifest
vices
which
could
be
no
longer
concealed
.
The
same
year
Luther
published
his
Book
Of
the
Dignity
and
Office
of
the
Civil
Magistrate
.
His
writings
.
He
wrote
also
to
the
Waldenses
about
the
Adoration
of
the
Sacrament
.
He
published
the
Pentat●uch
in
the
German
tougue
.
He
wrote
to
the
Senate
of
Prague
his
Book
De
Instituendis
Ministris
Ecclesiae
,
and
another
about
the
avoiding
the
Doctrines
of
men
:
Besides
divers
others
.
What
was
judged
of
him
for
his
constancy
and
resolution
,
may
appear
by
this
.
Upon
a
time
a
motion
was
made
in
the
Consistory
at
Rome
,
that
a
great
sum
of
mony
should
be
profered
to
him
to
buy
him
off
from
opposing
Popery
;
He
will
not
be
b●●bed
.
but
one
wiser
then
the
rest
,
cryed
out
,
Hem
!
Germana
illa
bestia
non
curat
aurum
sed
auram
:
That
beast
of
Germany
cares
for
no
money
,
but
seeks
vain-glory
.
Anno
Christi
1529.
He
publisheth
his
Catechisms
.
he
set
forth
both
his
Catechisms
:
the
lesser
,
in
January
,
the
greater
in
October
following
.
The
year
after
the
Emperour
summoned
a
Diet
at
Auspurg
,
giving
the
Publick
Faith
for
the
security
of
all
men
that
would
come
to
the
Diet
to
set
forth
the
Form
of
their
Belief
.
Hereupon
the
Prince
Elector
of
Saxony
to
be
the
better
prepared
against
this
Diet
,
appointed
Luther
,
Justus
Jonas
,
Pomeran
and
Melancthon
,
to
set
down
the
form
of
Doctrine
which
the
Saxon
Churches
,
and
those
which
accorded
with
them
,
did
profess
.
Luther
comprehended
the
sum
of
his
Doctrine
in
seventeen
Articles
,
which
being
revised
by
Phil.
Melancthon
,
The
Confession
of
Auspurg
.
and
put
into
a
better
form
,
was
afterwards
called
the
Confession
of
Auspurg
.
And
whereas
it
was
given
out
that
the
Emperour
when
he
came
into
Germany
would
tread
the
Gospellers
under
his
feet
,
the
Protestant
Princes
met
,
and
consulted
together
whether
it
were
better
to
go
to
the
Diet
,
or
to
meet
the
Emperour
in
Arms
before
he
should
pass
the
Alps.
Luther
(
who
was
always
a
Counsellor
of
Peace
)
disswaded
them
from
taking
Arms
under
the
pretence
of
Religion
,
Luther
perswades
to
peace
.
perswading
them
rather
by
Faith
and
Prayer
to
beg
,
and
look
for
help
from
God
,
whose
cause
(
saith
he
)
himself
will
defend
.
Upon
this
advice
the
Princes
went
to
Auspurg
,
yet
left
Luther
not
far
of
in
Coburg
Castle
to
be
nere
at
hand
,
but
out
danger
,
that
his
advice
might
be
had
in
time
of
need
.
And
when
the
Diet
was
met
,
A
Diet
at
Auspurg
.
the
Elector
of
Saxony
sent
to
him
to
know
whether
the
cause
of
Religion
should
be
referred
to
the
Judgement
of
the
Emperour
?
This
Luther
would
by
no
means
have
done
:
For
(
saith
he
)
this
honor
is
to
be
given
to
the
Word
of
God
only
to
be
Judge
of
holy
controversies
.
Anno
Christi
1535.
Peace
endeavoured
between
Luther
and
Zuinglius
.
the
Landgrave
of
Hess
sent
for
Bucer
and
Melancthon
to
Casells
,
to
reconcile
them
together
about
the
business
of
the
Sacrament
,
where
after
much
conference
Melancthon
mitigated
the
rigor
of
his
opinion
about
Christs
presence
:
and
at
his
return
to
Wittenberg
he
carryed
with
him
Bucers
Declaration
concerning
that
point
,
which
when
Luther
had
considered
of
,
he
began
to
hearken
to
an
agreement
with
Zuinglius
,
writing
most
friendly
to
the
Divines
of
Strasborough
and
to
others
that
there
might
be
a
meeting
appointed
,
wherein
after
deliberation
,
the
desired
concord
might
be
confirmed
.
And
accordingly
Anno
Christi
1536.
Bucer
and
divers
other
Divines
of
Germany
came
to
Wittenberg
,
where
a
form
of
concord
was
drawn
up
by
Bucer
,
and
subscribed
by
both
parties
:
But
Bucer
therein
striving
to
please
both
parties
,
pleased
neither
:
Yet
frust●ated
.
For
the
Helvetian
Divines
rejected
it
;
and
Luther
understanding
of
Bucers
various
Exposition
of
it
,
was
very
wroth
with
him
,
and
would
no
more
reckon
him
amongst
his
friends
:
And
so
all
hope
of
concord
was
taken
away
.
An.
Chr.
1537.
The
Protestants
being
met
at
Smalcald
drew
up
,
and
set
forth
the
sum
of
their
Religion
and
practice
in
a
book
called
Articuli
Smalcaldici
,
unto
which
Luther
prefixed
this
preface
.
Whereas
Pope
Paul
the
third
summoned
a
Council
the
last
year
,
Luthers
preface
to
the
Smalcaldian
Articles
.
which
was
to
meet
at
Mantua
,
and
a
little
after
adjourned
it
again
without
nominating
time
or
place
,
so
that
it
is
not
certain
whether
he
will
or
can
call
it
;
And
we
also
hoped
that
we
should
have
been
called
to
it
:
or
else
it
was
to
be
feared
that
we
should
be
condemned
not
called
:
It
was
injoyned
to
me
that
I
should
gather
and
write
the
Articles
of
our
Doctrine
,
that
if
perhaps
the
matter
went
on
,
it
might
be
known
what
,
and
how
far
we
would
and
could
yeild
to
the
Papists
,
and
in
what
points
we
would
constantly
persevere
:
I
have
therefore
written
these
Articles
,
and
delivered
them
to
our
party
,
who
have
perused
and
received
them
with
one
consent
,
that
they
might
be
publickly
presented
,
and
explain
the
Confession
of
our
Faith
in
the
Council
,
if
any
one
shall
at
length
be
assembled
and
held
by
the
Pope
and
Popelings
without
lyes
and
deceit
in
a
true
,
lawful
and
Christian
manner
.
But
seeing
the
Court
of
Rome
doth
so
fear
a
Christian
and
free
Council
and
most
fouly
flyeth
the
light
,
so
that
all
hopes
of
seeing
such
a
Council
is
utterly
taken
away
even
from
the
Papists
themselves
,
to
the
great
offence
of
many
of
them
,
taking
ill
the
negligence
of
the
Pope
herein
:
yea
they
easily
from
hence
gather
that
the
Pope
had
rather
see
the
destruction
of
all
Christianity
,
and
the
damnation
of
all
souls
,
then
to
suffer
a
Reformation
of
himself
and
Courtiers
,
and
the
restraint
of
his
Tyranny
.
I
thought
fit
therefore
to
publish
these
Articles
,
that
if
I
be
taken
out
of
this
life
before
a
Council
be
called
(
which
I
trust
and
hope
shall
so
come
to
pass
)
seeing
these
wicked
flyers
of
the
light
labor
so
much
to
drive
of
and
hinder
a
Council
)
That
they
I
say
,
which
live
after
me
,
should
have
my
Confession
and
Testimony
,
and
may
adjoin
and
publish
it
with
the
Confession
which
I
have
formerly
set
forth
,
wherein
I
have
hitherto
persevered
,
and
will
(
by
Gods
grace
)
persevere
unto
the
end
.
What
shall
I
say
?
How
shall
I
begin
my
complaint
?
For
being
yet
alive
,
I
Preach
and
read
to
others
publickly
and
dayly
;
and
yet
not
only
my
virulent
Adversaries
,
but
my
false
Brethren
that
say
that
they
agree
with
us
in
opinion
,
dare
bring
and
alleadge
my
own
Doctrine
and
Writings
against
me
,
whilest
I
am
alive
,
and
see
it
and
hear
it
,
albeit
they
know
that
I
teach
otherwise
;
and
they
go
about
to
adorn
their
own
poyson
with
my
labors
,
so
to
deceive
and
seduce
the
simple
with
my
name
:
Good
God
,
what
then
will
be
done
after
my
decease
?
I
should
answer
to
all
things
whilst
I
am
alive
:
But
how
I
pray
you
,
can
I
alone
stop
all
the
months
of
the
Devil
?
especially
of
them
who
being
so
full
of
poyson
,
will
neither
hear
nor
heed
what
I
write
:
but
wholly
imploy
themselves
wickedly
to
pervert
and
deprave
my
words
even
in
the
least
letters
:
Let
the
Devil
and
Gods
wrath
answer
them
as
they
deserve
.
I
oftentimes
remember
good
Gerson
,
who
oft
doubted
whether
any
thing
that
is
good
might
be
brought
to
light
by
writing
.
If
writing
be
omitted
,
many
souls
are
neglected
which
might
have
been
delivered
;
and
if
it
be
done
,
presently
the
Devil
is
at
hand
with
plaguy
tongues
full
of
slanders
which
corrupt
all
things
,
and
fill
them
with
poyson
,
that
the
profit
of
the
writings
may
be
hindred
thereby
.
Yet
what
commodity
they
receive
by
this
their
malice
,
is
manifest
;
for
whereas
by
loading
us
with
lyes
they
seek
to
draw
away
the
simple
from
us
,
God
so
ordereth
it
by
his
Providence
for
the
promoting
of
his
own
work
,
that
their
company
decreaseth
,
and
ours
increaseth
daily
:
for
God
hath
confounded
,
and
still
will
confound
them
and
their
lyes
.
Lately
there
came
a
Doctor
out
of
France
to
Wittenberg
,
who
told
us
openly
that
his
King
was
made
to
believe
that
we
had
no
true
Church
amongst
us
,
no
Magistrates
,
no
mariages
,
but
that
we
all
live
promiscuously
together
like
brute
beasts
.
With
what
face
will
these
false
Informers
look
upon
us
before
the
Tribunal
Seat
of
Christ
in
his
last
Judgement
,
who
have
so
oft
told
their
King
such
false
and
prodigious
lyes
?
Christ
who
is
the
Lord
and
Judge
of
us
all
knows
that
they
be
lye
us
.
God
convert
them
that
are
to
be
converted
that
they
may
repent
,
and
overwhelm
the
rest
with
eternal
woe
.
But
to
return
to
the
matter
:
I
could
wish
with
all
my
heart
,
that
a
free
and
Christian
Council
were
assembled
,
that
provision
might
be
made
for
many
things
that
are
amiss
.
Not
that
we
have
need
of
a
Council
;
for
our
Churches
are
so
enlightned
,
taught
,
and
confirmed
by
the
grace
of
God
,
with
the
pure
Word
of
God
and
true
use
of
the
Sacraments
,
that
we
need
not
a
Council
,
neither
can
a
Council
shew
us
a
truer
or
better
way
:
But
there
is
need
of
one
in
many
other
regards
:
In
many
Bishopricks
divers
Parishes
are
destitute
of
spiritual
food
:
yet
the
Bishops
and
Canons
regard
not
the
life
of
those
poor
men
,
for
whom
yet
Christ
dyed
,
so
that
they
cannot
hear
the
true
Shepherd
speaking
to
his
Sheep
:
I
fear
Christ
for
this
will
call
a
Council
of
Angels
to
destroy
Germany
as
he
destroyed
Sodom
and
Gomorrah
.
Besides
these
affairs
of
the
Church
many
things
need
Reformation
in
the
Civil
State
:
Great
discords
are
amongst
Princes
:
usury
and
covetousness
overflow
like
a
deluge
:
wantonness
,
pride
,
riot
,
garishness
in
apparrel
,
bellycheer
,
dicing
,
pomp
,
malice
,
stubornness
of
subjects
,
oppression
,
&c.
so
over-flow
that
they
cannot
be
amended
by
ten
Councils
,
and
twenty
Diets
,
&c.
Our
sins
weigh
us
down
,
and
suffer
not
God
to
be
gracious
to
us
,
because
instead
of
repenting
we
defend
our
abominations
.
O
Lord
Iesus
Christ
,
do
thou
summon
and
hold
a
Council
,
and
redeem
thy
servants
by
thy
glorious
coming
:
The
Pope
and
Pop●lings
are
p●st
cure
:
therefore
help
us
poor
and
distressed
men
who
groan
unto
thee
,
and
seek
thee
with
our
hearts
,
according
to
the
grace
that
thou
hast
given
us
by
thy
holy
Spirit
,
which
liveth
and
reigneth
with
thee
and
the
Father
for
ever
,
Amen
.
Luther
,
His
violence
against
the
Sacramentaries
.
least
he
should
seem
to
have
yeilded
any
thing
to
the
temperament
of
Bucer
,
which
we
spake
of
before
,
wrote
to
Albert
of
Brandenburg
Duke
of
Borussia
,
exhorting
him
to
shun
the
Sacramentaries
and
their
Doctrine
,
and
not
to
suffer
it
to
cr●ep
anywhere
into
his
Dominions
,
least
he
should
thereby
so
burthen
his
conscience
with
so
great
wickedness
,
that
perhaps
he
should
never
be
able
to
pacific
it
again
.
They
of
Zurick
took
this
very
ill
,
and
they
wrote
also
to
the
Duke
of
Borussia
,
requesting
him
not
to
Decree
any
thing
against
the
Professors
of
their
Faith
.
A
while
after
Luther
wrote
an
Epistle
to
the
Aldermen
of
Francfurt
,
wherein
he
called
the
Zinglians
,
Archdevils
,
and
said
they
were
to
be
driven
out
of
Pulpits
,
and
cast
out
of
the
Country
.
He
used
to
be
very
fervent
in
Prayer
:
Vitus
Theodorus
thus
writeth
of
him
,
No
day
passeth
wherein
Luther
spendeth
not
three
hours
at
least
in
Prayer
.
Once
it
fell
out
(
saith
he
)
that
I
heard
him
:
Good
God!
His
power
in
prayer
.
what
a
spirit
,
what
a
confidence
was
in
his
very
expression
?
with
such
a
reverence
he
sueth
for
any
thing
,
as
one
begging
of
God
;
and
yet
with
such
hope
and
assurance
,
as
if
he
spake
with
a
loving
father
,
or
friend
,
&c.
When
the
Papists
charged
him
for
a
lyer
,
a
promise-breaker
,
and
an
Apostate
:
Luther
denying
the
former
,
yielded
himself
to
be
an
Apostate
,
He
justifies
his
turn
from
Popery
.
but
a
blessed
and
holy
one
,
who
had
not
kept
his
promise
made
to
the
Devil
;
saying
,
That
he
was
no
otherwise
a
revolter
then
a
Mamaluke
turning
Christian
,
or
a
Magician
renouncing
his
Covenant
made
with
the
Devil
,
and
betaking
himself
to
Christ
.
When
Philip
Duke
of
Pomerania
marryed
Mary
daughter
to
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
Luther
being
present
,
prayed
for
a
blessing
,
Power
of
prayer
.
and
taking
Philip
by
the
hand
,
said
,
The
Lord
God
be
with
you
,
and
keep
your
posterity
from
failing
;
But
his
wife
continuing
barren
four
years
,
all
his
male-stock
was
like
to
be
extinct
;
yet
at
length
,
by
Gods
blessing
,
according
to
Luthers
Prayer
,
he
had
seven
sons
by
her
,
which
wonderfully
enlarged
that
Noble
Family
.
Luther
falling
sick
of
the
Stone
,
Luther
fal●
sick
.
made
his
Will
,
in
which
he
bequeathed
his
detestation
of
Popery
to
his
friends
and
to
the
Pastors
of
the
Church
.
He
also
beforehand
made
this
verse
,
Pestis
eram
vivus
;
moriens
ero
mors
tua
Papa
:
I
living
stopt
Romes
breath
:
And
dead
,
will
be
Romes
death
.
Yet
it
pleased
God
in
a
short
space
to
give
him
ease
,
His
recovery
.
and
to
restore
him
to
his
former
health
,
which
brought
great
joy
to
all
his
friends
,
and
especially
to
Melancthon
,
who
in
an
Epistle
to
him
congratulated
his
recovery
.
Anno
Christi
1537.
A
Council
of
the
Popes
.
The
Pope
appointed
a
Council
at
Vincentia
for
reforming
the
Church
,
of
which
Luther
wrote
a
book
,
and
by
a
picture
in
the
Frontispiece
shewed
the
Argument
of
it
:
wherein
the
Pope
was
pictured
sitting
in
a
high
Throne
,
What
it
was
like
.
with
some
Cardinals
standing
by
,
with
Fox-tails
on
the
end
of
long
poles
,
as
with
brushes
pretending
to
sweep
the
room
,
but
presently
after
the
dust
setled
again
as
before
.
About
this
time
the
new
Sect
of
the
Antinomians
did
start
up
:
1538.
Antinomians
.
Their
opinions
.
The
chief
ring-leader
was
Joannes
Agricola
of
Isleben
,
a
familiar
friend
of
Luthers
:
They
held
That
repentance
was
not
to
be
taught
from
the
Decalogue
:
they
opposed
such
as
taught
,
that
the
Gospel
was
not
to
be
preached
to
any
but
to
such
as
were
humbled
by
the
Law
:
and
they
taught
that
whatsoever
a
mans
life
was
,
though
impure
,
&c.
yet
he
was
justified
,
so
that
he
beleived
the
Gospel
:
Luther
confuted
these
.
Anno
Christi
1540.
there
was
a
meeting
appointed
at
Haganaw
upon
the
Rhine
,
where
the
Divines
were
to
meet
,
and
in
a
friendly
manner
to
debate
their
differences
:
But
as
Melancthon
was
going
thitherward
,
he
fell
sick
at
Vinaria
,
made
his
Will
,
and
prepared
for
death
;
He
prays
Melancthon
well
.
whereupon
Luther
and
Cruciger
by
long
journeys
hastened
to
him
:
and
as
soon
as
Luther
saw
how
miserably
he
was
wasted
with
his
disease
,
with
sighes
and
tears
;
he
brake
out
into
this
speech
,
Alass
!
how
pretious
and
profitable
an
instrument
of
the
Church
is
miserably
weakened
,
and
ready
to
perish
!
and
there
withall
falling
upon
his
knees
he
prayed
most
earnestly
for
him
:
and
Melancthon
confessed
,
that
if
Luther
had
not
come
,
he
had
dyed
.
Anno
Christi
1541.
1541.
He
comforts
Myconius
.
Luther
wrote
a
consolatory
Letter
to
Frederick
Myconius
,
almost
quite
spent
with
a
Consumption
,
affirming
that
he
could
have
no
joy
to
live
if
he
dyed
,
and
therefore
wished
that
himself
might
first
lay
down
his
Earthly
Tabernacle
:
concluding
,
that
he
was
verily
perswaded
that
his
Prayers
should
be
granted
,
as
indeed
it
came
to
pass
;
Power
of
prayer
.
for
Myconius
out-lived
him
fix
years
,
and
would
often
say
,
That
Luther
obtained
this
for
him
by
his
Prayers
.
Luther
afterwards
wrote
his
minde
concerning
Ceremonies
,
1543.
His
judgment
about
Ceremonies
.
(
which
he
desired
might
be
few
,
and
tending
to
edification
)
and
Excommunication
,
which
he
wished
might
be
brought
into
the
Church
as
a
profitable
Discipline
,
but
could
scarce
hope
to
see
it
.
Anno
Christi
1544.
His
Exposition
upon
Genesis
.
Novemb.
17.
he
finished
his
Explication
of
Genesis
,
which
was
his
last
publick
reading
in
the
University
,
which
he
thus
concluded
:
Thus
end
I
my
Explication
of
Genesis
;
God
grant
that
others
may
more
rightly
expound
it
then
I
have
done
:
I
cannot
proceed
further
,
my
strength
faileth
;
pray
for
me
,
that
I
may
have
a
quiet
and
comfortable
departure
out
of
this
life
.
This
year
in
Italy
was
spread
a
most
impudent
lye
about
Luthers
death
:
which
they
called
Horrendum
,
1545.
&
in●ud
tum
miraculum
,
quod
in
aeternum
laudandus
D●us
in
foedam●te
Mart.
Lutheri
&
corpore
&
anima
damnati
,
exhibuit
,
in
gloriam
Jesu
Christi
,
atque
in
emendationem
&
consolationem
piorum
.
The
substance
of
it
was
this
:
A
Popish
lye
about
Luthers
death
.
That
when
he
saw
he
must
die
,
he
requested
that
his
body
should
be
set
upon
the
Altar
,
and
worshipped
with
Divine
Worship
:
but
when
his
body
was
laid
in
the
grave
,
suddainly
so
great
a
stir
and
terror
arose
,
as
if
the
foundations
of
the
Earth
were
shaken
together
:
whereupon
all
that
were
present
,
trembling
,
and
astonished
,
lift
up
their
Eyes
,
and
saw
the
sacred
Host
appear
in
the
Air
;
whereupon
they
placed
that
upon
the
Altar
:
But
the
night
following
a
loud
noise
and
ratling
,
shriller
then
the
former
,
was
heard
about
Luthers
sepulchre
,
which
terrified
all
the
City
,
and
almost
killed
them
with
astonishment
:
in
the
morning
when
they
opened
the
sepulchre
,
they
found
neither
bodie
,
bones
,
nor
clothes
,
but
a
sulphureous
stink
came
out
thereof
,
which
almost
overcame
the
standers
by
,
&c.
This
Lye
coming
printed
into
Germany
,
Luther
subscribed
with
his
own
hand
,
Luthers
answer
to
it
.
I
Martin
Luther
do
profess
,
and
witness
under
my
own
hand
,
that
receiving
this
figment
full
of
anger
and
fury
concerning
my
death
,
I
read
it
with
a
joyful
mind
and
cheerful
countenance
:
And
,
but
that
I
detest
the
blasphemy
,
which
ascribeth
an
impudent
lye
to
the
Divine
Majesty
;
for
the
other
passages
,
I
cannot
but
laugh
at
Satans
,
the
Popes
and
their
complices
hatred
against
me
.
God
turn
their
hearts
from
their
Diabolical
malice
;
but
if
he
Decree
not
to
hear
my
Prayer
for
their
sin
unto
death
,
then
God
grant
that
they
may
fill
up
the
measure
of
their
sins
,
and
solace
themselves
with
their
libels
,
full
fraught
with
such
like
lyes
.
Anno
Christi
1546.
Luther
(
taking
Melancthon
and
some
others
along
with
him
)
went
into
his
own
country
,
and
returned
in
safety
to
Wittenberg
again
.
He
is
sent
for
into
his
own
Country
.
And
not
long
after
he
was
sent
for
back
by
the
Counts
of
Mansfield
to
compose
a
difference
amongst
them
about
the
borders
of
their
Countries
,
and
their
inheritances
.
Luther
did
not
use
to
meddle
with
such
businesses
,
having
all
his
life
been
accustomed
only
to
deal
in
Ecclesiastical
affairs
:
yet
because
he
was
born
in
that
Country
he
would
not
be
wanting
to
promote
the
peace
of
it
.
And
therefore
having
preached
his
last
Sermon
at
Wittenberg
,
January
the
17.
upon
the
23.
day
he
began
his
journey
:
and
at
Hall
in
Saxony
,
he
lodged
at
Justus
Jonas
his
house
:
and
passing
over
the
River
with
Jonas
,
and
his
own
three
sons
,
they
were
in
danger
of
drowning
:
whereupon
he
said
to
Justus
Jonas
,
He
is
in
danger
of
drowning
.
Think
you
not
that
it
would
rejoyce
the
Devil
very
much
,
if
I
and
you
,
and
my
three
sons
should
be
drowned
?
He
was
honorably
entertained
by
the
Earl
of
Mansfield
,
who
sent
an
hundred
Horse
that
conveyed
him
to
Isleben
,
He
comes
to
Isleben
.
being
very
weak
,
whereupon
he
said
,
that
he
never
undertook
any
great
business
,
His
imployments
.
but
he
was
attended
with
such
sickness
:
yet
after
the
use
of
some
Fomentations
he
was
pretily
well
,
and
attended
the
business
about
which
he
came
,
from
the
29.
of
Ianuary
to
the
17.
of
February
;
During
which
time
he
preached
some
times
in
the
Church
,
and
twice
administred
the
Lords
Supper
,
and
Ordained
two
to
the
work
of
the
Ministry
:
At
his
Table
he
used
holy
conference
,
and
was
dayly
very
fervent
in
his
Prayers
.
The
day
before
his
death
he
dined
and
supped
with
his
friends
,
His
last
sickness
.
discoursing
of
divers
matters
,
and
amongst
the
rest
gave
his
opinion
that
in
heaven
we
shall
know
one
another
,
because
Adam
knew
Eve
at
first
sight
,
&c.
After
supper
his
pain
in
his
breast
increasing
,
he
went
aside
and
prayed
;
then
went
to
bed
and
slept
;
but
about
midnight
,
being
awakened
with
the
pain
,
and
perceiving
that
his
life
was
at
an
end
,
he
said
,
I
pray
God
to
preserve
the
Doctrine
of
his
Gospel
amongst
us
:
For
the
Pope
and
the
Council
of
Trent
have
grievous
things
in
hand
:
After
which
he
thus
prayed
,
O
heavenly
Father
,
my
gracious
God
,
and
Father
of
our
Lord
Iesus
Christ
,
Luthers
last
Prayer
.
thou
God
of
all
consolation
,
I
give
thee
hearty
thanks
that
thou
hast
revealed
unto
me
thy
Son
Iesus
Christ
,
whom
I
believe
,
whom
I
profess
,
whom
I
love
,
whom
I
glorifie
,
whom
the
Pope
and
the
rout
of
the
wicked
persecute
and
dishonour
:
His
fai●h
.
I
beseech
thee
Lord
Iesus
Christ
receive
my
soul
:
O
my
heavenly
Father
,
though
I
be
taken
out
of
this
life
,
and
must
lay
down
this
frail
body
;
yet
I
certainly
know
that
I
shall
live
with
thee
eternally
,
and
that
I
cannot
be
taken
out
of
thy
hands
:
God
so
loved
the
world
▪
&c.
Lord
,
I
render
up
my
spirit
into
thy
hands
,
and
come
to
thee
:
And
again
,
Lord
into
thy
hands
I
commend
my
spirit
,
thou
O
God
of
Truth
hast
redeemed
me
:
and
so
,
as
one
falling
asleep
,
and
without
any
bodily
pain
that
could
be
discerned
,
His
〈◊〉
.
he
departed
this
life
February
18.
Anno
1546.
and
in
the
great
Clima●terial
year
of
his
life
.
This
was
the
Will
which
he
made
concerning
his
Wife
with
childe
,
His
last
will
.
and
his
young
son
:
O
Lord
God
,
I
thank
thee
that
thou
wouldst
have
me
live
a
poor
and
indigent
person
upon
Earth
;
I
have
neither
house
nor
Land
,
nor
possessions
,
nor
money
to
leave
:
Thou
Lord
hast
given
me
wife
and
children
:
them
Lord
I
give
back
to
thee
;
nourish
,
instruct
,
and
keep
them
(
O
thou
the
Father
of
Orphans
,
and
Iudge
of
the
Widow
)
as
thou
hast
done
to
me
,
so
do
to
them
.
When
he
was
ready
to
dye
,
Iustus
Ionas
and
Caelius
said
to
him
,
O
Reverend
Father
,
do
you
dye
in
the
constant
confession
of
that
Doctrine
of
Christ
which
you
have
hitherto
preached
?
To
which
he
answered
Yea
,
His
last
word
.
which
was
the
last
word
that
he
spake
.
He
was
ever
constant
in
the
known
Truth
,
His
constancy
.
from
the
confession
whereof
he
could
never
be
removed
neither
by
promises
nor
threats
.
In
the
dismal
Wars
which
followed
,
when
Wittenberg
was
yeilded
to
the
Emperour
Charles
,
and
he
came
to
see
Luthers
Tomb
,
some
of
his
Spaniards
perswaded
him
that
the
body
of
Luther
should
be
taken
up
and
burned
;
the
Emperour
said
,
Suffer
him
to
rest
till
the
day
of
the
Resurrection
and
Iudgement
of
all
men
.
When
he
was
fitting
himself
for
his
journey
to
Isleben
,
he
confessed
to
Melancthon
that
he
had
gone
too
far
in
the
Sacramentary
Controversie
:
He
in
part
retracts
consubstantiation
.
hereupon
Melancthon
perswaded
him
to
explicate
his
minde
by
publishing
some
Book
:
but
he
answered
,
hereby
I
shall
bring
a
suspition
upon
all
my
Doctrine
as
faulty
,
but
when
I
am
dead
you
may
do
as
you
see
cause
.
He
was
full
of
affections
towards
his
children
,
gave
them
liberal
education
by
keeping
a
Schoolmaster
in
his
house
to
train
them
up
in
learning
and
godliness
.
When
he
saw
his
daughter
Magdalen
ready
to
dye
,
he
read
to
her
Isay
26.
19.
Thy
dead
men
shall
live
;
together
with
my
dead
body
shall
they
arise
,
His
daughters
death
.
&c.
Adding
,
My
daughter
enter
thou
into
thy
chamber
in
peace
:
I
shall
ere
long
be
with
thee
.
For
God
will
not
permit
me
to
see
the
punishment
which
hangs
over
the
head
of
Germany
,
whereupon
he
wept
plentifully
:
but
when
he
followed
the
Corps
,
he
so
restrained
his
affection
that
he
shed
not
a
tear
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
that
three
things
make
a
Divine
:
Meditation
,
Prayer
,
Tentation
:
and
that
three
things
were
to
be
done
by
a
Minister
:
1.
To
read
the
Bible
over
and
over
.
2.
To
pray
earnestly
.
3.
Always
to
be
a
learner
.
And
that
they
were
the
best
Preachers
,
who
spake
as
to
babes
in
Christ
,
in
an
ordinary
strain
,
popularly
,
and
most
plainly
.
He
said
,
That
in
the
cause
of
God
,
he
was
content
,
totius
mundi
odium
&
impetum
sustinere
,
to
undergo
the
hatred
and
violence
of
the
whole
world
.
He
was
very
liberal
to
the
poor
:
His
charity
.
A
poor
Student
asking
him
some
money
,
he
bade
his
wife
give
him
some
:
but
she
pleading
penury
,
he
took
up
a
silver
cup
,
and
gave
it
him
.
Also
a
friend
sending
him
two
hundred
angels
of
gold
,
he
bestowed
them
all
on
poor
Students
:
and
when
the
Elector
gave
him
a
new
gown
,
he
said
,
That
he
mas
made
too
much
of
:
for
(
saith
he
)
if
here
we
receive
a
full
recompence
of
our
labors
,
we
shall
hope
for
none
in
another
life
.
And
again
he
said
,
turning
my self
to
God
,
Valdè
protestatus
sum
,
me
nolle
sic
satiari
ab
eo
,
I
said
flatly
that
God
should
not
put
me
off
with
these
low
things
.
And
having
a
vein
of
metal
offered
him
,
he
refused
it
,
least
he
should
incur
the
temptation
of
the
Devil
,
who
is
Lord
of
treasure
under
the
Earth
.
He
never
took
any
thing
of
Printers
for
his
Copies
.
On
a
time
one
brought
him
a
stone
that
was
found
in
the
Mines
in
Mansfield
,
which
had
upon
it
the
Image
of
the
Pope
with
his
tripple
Crown
:
whereupon
he
said
,
Hem
,
oportet
Papam
revelari
etiam
per
metalla
,
&
metallicos
.
The
Pope
must
be
revealed
even
by
metals
and
metal-diggers
.
His
private
life
was
very
exemplary
:
His
private
life
.
At
dinner
and
supper-time
he
used
often
to
dictate
Sermons
unto
others
:
Sometimes
to
correct
sheets
from
the
Press
:
Sometimes
with
Musick
to
refresh
his
friends
:
He
was
very
temperate
both
in
meat
and
drink
:
Sometimes
he
used
to
fast
four
days
together
:
and
other
sometimes
to
eat
only
a
little
bread
,
and
an
herring
.
As
much
as
he
could
he
avoided
Feasts
,
that
he
might
not
spend
time
.
In
his
converse
with
his
friends
he
was
pleasant
,
courteous
and
sociable
mixed
with
gravity
.
He
sometimes
used
recreations
,
His
recreations
.
and
amongst
the
rest
,
turning
in
a
Lathe
He
would
never
be
idle
.
He
was
very
loving
to
and
tender
of
his
children
,
His
care
of
his
children
.
maintaining
a
Schoolmaster
in
his
house
to
instruct
them
in
Piety
and
Learning
.
He
was
very
passionate
,
but
soon
appeased
:
Melancthon
seeing
him
once
in
a
passion
said
:
Vince
animos
iramque
tuam
qui
caetera
vincis
:
whereupon
he
smiling
,
said
,
we
will
no
longer
dispute
of
these
matters
,
and
so
he
discoursed
pleasantly
of
other
things
.
He
foretold
▪
many
things
which
afterwards
came
to
pass
.
He
was
very
healthful
,
but
that
sometimes
he
was
troubled
with
the
Headach
,
His
diseases
.
especially
towards
his
latter
end
,
whereupon
he
feared
an
Apoplexy
:
and
when
his
head
was
so
out
of
order
he
used
to
say
:
Feri
,
Domine
,
fer●●lementer
:
ego
paratus
sum
:
quia
verbo
tuo
à
peccatis
absolutus
,
&
corpore
&
sarguine
tuo
pastus
.
His
tentations
.
He
was
troubled
with
frequent
tentations
,
whereupon
he
used
to
write
,
Valemus
omnes
praeter
Lutherum
ipsum
,
qui
corpore
sanus
,
foris
a
toto
mundo
,
intus
à
Diabolo
patitur
,
&
omnibus
Angelis
ejus
.
He
was
big
of
stature
,
His
character
.
strong
,
and
had
such
a
sharp
sight
,
that
few
could
endure
stedfastly
to
look
upon
him
.
Upon
a
time
one
was
sent
under
pretence
of
private
conference
,
to
pistol
him
:
Luther
entertained
him
friendly
,
but
withall
,
stedfastly
looking
upon
him
,
the
man
was
so
terrified
,
that
he
took
care
for
nothing
but
how
he
might
run
away
:
He
had
a
gentle
and
clear
voice
.
He
lived
chastly
and
holily
in
Wedlock
above
twenty
years
,
and
after
his
death
left
three
sons
,
and
his
Widdow
who
lived
seven
years
after
him
:
who
was
much
grieved
that
she
was
absent
at
his
death
,
whereby
she
could
not
perform
her
last
duty
of
love
to
him
as
she
desired
.
Presently
after
his
death
the
wars
breaking
forth
,
His
wifes
afflictions
.
she
wandred
up
and
down
with
her
children
as
an
Exile
through
many
difficulties
and
dangers
,
and
besides
the
inconveniences
of
her
widdowhood
which
were
many
,
she
met
with
great
ingratitude
from
many
,
from
whom
she
expected
better
,
considering
how
much
her
husband
had
deserved
from
the
Church
.
At
length
being
returned
to
Wittenberg
,
after
a
while
the
Plague
brake
forth
;
wherefore
removing
with
her
children
to
Fergaw
,
as
she
was
passing
in
a
Wagon
,
the
Horses
affrighted
at
some
thing
,
ran
away
,
whereupon
leaping
out
of
the
Wagon
she
bruised
her self
,
and
falling
into
a
Lake
of
water
she
caught
a
disease
,
whereof
she
dyed
three
Months
after
,
Anno
Christi
1552.
One
saith
of
him
,
Miracles
.
That
Luther
a
poor
Fryar
should
be
able
to
stand
against
the
Pope
,
was
a
great
miracle
:
That
he
should
prevail
against
the
Pope
,
was
a
greater
:
and
after
all
,
to
die
in
peace
,
having
so
many
Enemies
,
was
the
greatest
of
all
.
Again
,
it
was
no
less
miraculous
that
he
should
escape
so
many
dangers
:
Special
providences
.
for
when
a
certain
Jew
was
suborned
to
kill
him
by
poyson
,
Luther
had
warning
of
it
before
hand
,
and
the
picture
of
the
Jew
sent
him
,
whereby
he
knew
him
,
and
avoided
the
danger
:
concerning
which
himself
thus
writes
:
There
is
(
saith
he
)
here
with
us
a
certain
Polonish
Jew
,
that
is
hired
with
two
thousand
Crowns
to
poyson
me
:
this
is
discovered
to
me
by
Letters
from
my
friends
:
He
is
a
Doctor
of
Physick
,
and
one
that
dare
undertake
,
and
is
ready
to
perform
any
villany
,
of
incredible
subtilty
and
dexterity
.
One
a
time
as
Luther
was
walking
in
his
Garden
,
the
Devil
appeared
to
him
in
the
shape
of
a
black
Boar
,
but
he
slighted
him
,
after
which
he
vanished
.
Another
time
as
he
was
sitting
in
a
certain
place
on
his
stool
,
there
was
a
great
stone
over
his
head
in
the
vault
,
which
being
stayed
up
miraculously
so
long
as
he
sate
there
,
so
soon
as
he
was
up
,
immediately
it
fell
upon
the
place
where
he
sate
,
being
able
to
have
crushed
him
in
peices
,
if
it
had
light
upon
him
.
And
again
,
a
young
man
about
Wittenberg
,
One
gives
himself
to
the
Devil
.
being
kept
bare
and
needy
by
his
Father
,
was
tempted
by
the
Devil
to
yeild
himself
body
and
soul
to
him
upon
condition
to
have
his
wish
sastisfied
with
money
,
and
thereupon
an
Obligation
was
made
by
the
young
man
,
written
with
his
own
blood
,
and
delivered
to
the
Devil
.
But
presently
after
,
the
man
began
to
decay
in
his
health
,
so
that
(
the
thing
being
suspected
,
)
he
was
brought
to
Luther
,
who
examined
him
about
it
:
but
he
,
through
fear
and
shame
,
long
denyed
to
confess
any
thing
,
yet
at
last
through
Gods
mercy
he
revealed
the
whole
matter
to
him
:
where●●●n
Luther
much
pitying
his
lamentable
condition
,
〈…〉
called
the
whole
Congregation
together
,
where
he
prayed
with
so
much
earnestness
and
affection
,
that
the
Devil
was
at
last
compelled
to
throw
in
his
Obligation
at
the
window
.
And
as
he
was
mighty
in
Prayer
,
〈…〉
so
in
his
Sermons
,
God
giving
him
such
a
grace
,
that
when
he
preached
,
they
which
heard
him
,
thought
every
one
his
own
temptations
severally
to
be
noted
and
touched
,
whereupon
some
of
his
friends
asking
him
the
cause
of
it
:
Mine
own
manifold
temptations
and
experiences
(
said
he
)
are
the
cause
of
it
.
Wellerus
also
a
Disciple
of
Luthers
recordeth
,
that
he
oft
heard
his
Master
thus
report
of
himself
,
That
he
had
been
often
assaulted
and
vexed
with
all
kinde
of
Temptations
,
save
only
unto
the
sin
of
c●vetousness
.
Lutherus
multa
Latino
,
&
vernaculo
sermone
scripsit
,
His
works
.
quae
diversis
locis
&
temporibus
separatim
primum
edita
,
&
postea
collecta
,
&
in
plures
Tomos
distributa
.
There
is
also
lately
printed
in
English
his
Colloquia
mensalia
,
of
which
one
thus
writes
:
Praestitisset
hos
Sermones
convivales
in
lucem
nunquam
emissos
:
Fortè
adversariis
procurantibus
illi
editi
.
Sin
minus
,
videant
ii
qui
Lutheranorum
nomine
superbiun●
,
quomodo
modestiam
,
judicium
,
existimationem
,
&
authoritatem
Lutheri
defendere
queant
.
Sunt
enim
in
iis
,
non
dico
multa
,
sed
plurima
,
quae
piae
,
castigataeque
aures
non
solùm
in
conviviis
Theologorum
,
sedetiam
in
lndis
,
atque
theatris
Comicorum
non
ferrent
,
&c.
Concerning
his
works
he
thus
writes
,
His
speech
about
his
works
.
Above
all
things
I
request
the
pious
Reader
,
and
beseech
him
for
our
Lord
Christ
Jesus
sake
,
that
he
read
my
Books
with
judgement
,
yea
with
much
pitty
;
and
let
him
remember
that
I
was
sometime
a
Fryar
,
and
a
mad
Papist
,
and
when
I
first
undertook
this
cause
so
drunken
and
drowned
in
Popish
Doctrines
,
that
I
was
ready
,
if
I
could
,
to
have
killed
all
men
,
or
to
have
assisted
others
in
doing
of
it
,
who
withdrew
their
obedience
from
the
Pope
but
in
one
syllable
:
Such
a
Saul
was
I
,
as
there
are
many
at
this
day
:
neither
was
I
so
cold
and
frigid
in
defending
the
Pope
as
Eccius
and
some
like
him
are
;
who
seem
to
me
to
defend
the
Papacy
rather
for
their
bellies
sake
,
then
in
good
earnest
:
Yea
,
like
Epicures
they
seem
to
me
to
deride
the
Pope
,
whereas
I
was
serious
in
his
cause
,
as
one
that
trembled
at
the
thoughts
of
the
day
of
Judgement
,
and
from
my
very
heart
desired
to
be
saved
.
He
would
by
no
means
endure
that
any
should
be
called
after
his
name
:
He
would
have
none
called
Lutherans
.
For
(
saith
he
)
the
Doctrine
which
I
teach
is
none
of
mine
,
neither
did
I
dye
for
any
man
:
neither
would
Paul
1
Cor.
3.
4
,
&c.
endure
such
terms
:
Besides
we
are
all
Christians
,
and
profess
the
Doctrine
of
Christ
:
And
lastly
,
because
the
Papists
use
to
do
so
,
calling
themselves
Pontificians
,
whom
we
ought
not
to
imitate
.
Melancthon
gave
this
testimony
of
him
;
Melancthons
testimony
of
him
.
Pomeran
(
saith
he
)
is
a
Grammar●an
,
and
explains
the
force
of
the
words
:
I
am
a
Logician
shewing
the
context
and
arguments
of
things
:
Justus
Jonas
is
an
Orator
,
and
speaks
copiously
and
eloquently
;
but
Luther
is
all
,
even
a
miracle
amongst
men
:
whatsoever
he
saith
,
whatsoveer
he
writes
,
peirceth
into
the
soul
,
and
leaveth
wonderful
stings
in
the
hearts
of
men
.
Many
Epitaphs
were
made
of
him
,
amongst
which
these
were
some
.
Roma
orbem
domuit
;
Romam
sibi
Papa
subegit
:
Viribus
illasuis
,
fraudibus
ist●
s●is
.
Quantò
isto
major
Lutherus
,
major
&
illâ
,
Istum
,
illamque
uno
qui
dom●it
calamo
!
I
nunc
!
Alciden
memorato
Graecia
mendax
:
Lutheri
ad
calamum
ferrea
clava
nihil
.
Theod.
Beza
.
Lutherus
decimum
confecit
strage
Leonem
:
De
clava
noli
quaerere
,
penna
fuit
.
Jo.
Major
.
He
used
often
to
say
,
A
prediction
.
That
,
through
Gods
goodness
,
there
should
be
no
Wars
in
Germany
in
his
life
time
:
but
(
saith
he
)
let
the
survivors
look
to
it
after
my
death
.
Concerning
the
Doctrine
of
the
Gospel
he
used
to
say
that
three
things
would
destroy
Christian
Religion
:
First
,
Forgetfulness
of
the
blessings
received
by
the
Gospel
.
Secondly
,
Security
which
reigns
everywhere
.
Lastly
,
Worldly
wisdom
,
which
will
seek
to
bring
all
things
into
order
,
and
to
support
the
publick
peace
by
wicked
Counsels
.
He
was
of
a
sharp
and
quick
wit
:
His
character
.
Of
a
great
and
invincible
minde
:
Constant
in
the
known
Truth
,
from
the
Confession
whereof
he
could
not
be
withdrawn
either
by
threats
or
promises
.
Many
false
reports
were
raised
of
him
by
the
Papists
,
insomuch
as
King
Ferdinands
Ambassador
went
to
see
what
a
manner
of
man
he
was
,
telling
him
that
it
was
reported
in
his
Kings
Court
,
that
he
never
went
abroad
but
armed
and
attended
with
his
guard
:
that
he
spent
all
his
time
with
Whores
at
Dice
and
Taverns
:
But
(
saith
he
)
I
am
well
accustomed
to
such
lyes
.
He
had
a
very
sharp
and
Satyrical
stile
;
His
stile
.
so
that
Eralmus
used
to
say
,
Deus
dedit
h●ic
postremae
aetati
propter
morborum
magnitudinem
acrem
medicum
:
God
hath
given
to
this
latter
Age
,
by
reason
of
the
greatness
of
its
diseases
,
a
sharp
Physitian
:
And
Charles
the
Emperour
used
to
say
,
Si
sacrificuli
frugi
essent
,
nullo
indigerent
Luthero
:
If
Priests
were
not
so
dissolute
,
they
would
not
need
a
Luther
.
When
this
Emperour
had
taken
Wittenberg
,
some
of
his
Spanish
souldiers
would
have
digged
up
Luthers
body
,
and
burned
it
:
but
he
said
to
them
,
Sinite
ipsum
quiescere
,
usque
ad
diem
resurrectionis
,
Not●
.
&
judicii
omnium
:
Let
him
rest
till
the
day
of
Resurrection
and
of
the
Judgement
of
all
things
.
HVLRI
.
ZVINGLIVS
The
Life
of
Zuinglius
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1531.
HVldericus
Zuinglius
was
born
in
Switzerland
of
godly
Parents
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
by
them
brought
up
in
Learning
:
Being
about
ten
years
old
,
was
sent
to
School
to
Basil
to
George
Bintzlius
,
where
he
profited
so
much
,
that
in
all
Disputations
he
went
away
with
the
victory
:
He
excelled
all
in
Musick
.
From
Basil
he
was
sent
to
Bern
,
His
learning
.
to
Henry
Lupulus
,
a
most
learned
man
,
and
an
excellent
Poet
,
under
whom
he
learned
Rhetorick
,
and
became
a
good
Poet.
After
two
years
he
went
to
Vienna
in
Austria
,
where
he
studyed
Philosophy
,
and
pro●itted
much
therein
:
After
a
while
he
was
called
back
into
his
own
Country
,
and
at
Basil
he
taught
others
what
himself
had
learned
,
where
also
he
commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
He
commenced
Master
of
Arts.
and
fell
to
the
study
of
School-Divinity
;
and
being
called
to
a
Pastoral
charge
,
he
entred
into
the
Ministry
,
and
studied
Divinity
very
hard
;
and
to
furnish
himself
with
examples
,
he
gat
Valerius
Maximus
by
heart
:
He
especially
addicted
himself
to
the
study
of
the
Bible
:
His
study
of
the
Scrlptures
.
and
finding
his
defect
in
the
knowledge
of
the
Tongues
,
he
learnt
Greek
:
wrote
out
S.
Pauls
Epistles
,
and
gat
them
by
heart
,
and
grew
so
perfect
,
that
he
understood
Greek
better
then
Latine
:
and
reading
in
S.
Peter
that
no
Scripture
is
of
private
interpretation
,
Preachers
pattern
.
he
betook
himself
by
earnest
Prayer
to
God
for
the
Spirit
of
Truth
to
be
his
Teacher
:
and
least
he
should
be
misled
by
a
false
spirit
,
he
compared
Scripture
with
Scripture
,
and
expounded
obscure
Texts
by
those
which
were
more
clear
.
In
his
Ministry
he
set
himself
much
against
the
sins
of
the
times
,
especially
against
Pensions
which
the
Switzers
used
to
receive
of
Princes
to
serve
as
Mercenaries
in
their
Armies
,
which
procured
him
much
hatred
.
After
a
while
he
was
chosen
to
a
place
called
Our
Lords
Hermitage
,
He
is
chosen
to
a
place
.
by
Theobaldus
Guolzeggius
the
Baron
thereof
;
to
which
place
there
was
great
resort
of
people
from
all
Countries
,
who
came
on
Pilgrimage
,
which
much
moved
him
to
embrace
that
Cal
,
that
he
might
have
opportunity
to
disperse
the
knowledg
of
the
Truth
into
several
parts
:
His
zeal
.
About
this
time
one
of
the
chief
Ministers
dying
at
Zurick
,
they
much
desired
Zuinglius
to
succeed
him
,
and
he
coming
accidentally
to
that
place
,
was
chosen
Pastor
there
,
An.
Chr.
1519.
and
began
to
Preach
unto
them
the
History
of
Christ
out
of
Matthew
.
Presently
after
there
came
one
Sampson
a
Franciscan
Fryar
,
and
a
Preacher
of
Indulgences
,
who
was
sent
by
the
Pope
into
Switzerland
to
get
money
:
He
opposeth
Indulgences
.
Zuinglius
strongly
opposed
himself
against
him
,
shewing
him
to
be
an
Impostor
:
The
Bishop
also
of
Constance
wrote
to
Zuinglius
to
keep
this
Sampson
out
of
Zurick
,
because
he
had
not
acquainted
him
with
his
authority
:
Yet
when
this
Impostor
came
to
Zurick
,
because
he
was
kept
out
,
he
went
to
Badena
,
Popish
impostures
.
setting
forth
the
Popes
Buls
to
sale
:
Often
crying
out
,
Behold
they
flie
,
behold
they
flie
,
as
if
he
had
seen
with
his
Eyes
the
Souls
which
he
had
delivered
out
of
Purgatory
flying
into
Heaven
.
Zuinglius
also
caused
the
Pope
to
be
admonished
by
his
Commissary
not
to
Excommunicate
Luther
,
for
that
he
foresaw
the
Germanes
would
despise
both
him
and
his
Excommunication
,
which
also
came
to
pass
.
Anno
Christi
1520.
A
Reformation
in
Zurick
.
the
Senate
of
Zurick
by
the
Council
of
Zuinglius
,
commanded
the
Preachers
of
their
Jurisdiction
freely
to
teach
whatsoever
might
be
proved
by
the
Authority
of
the
Prophets
and
Apostles
,
passing
by
the
Inventions
of
men
.
Hereupon
the
Bishop
of
Constance
by
publick
Proclamation
forbad
those
of
Zurick
to
Innovate
any
thing
,
The
Bishop
opposeth
it
.
willing
them
to
remain
in
the
Faith
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
till
a
Council
might
be
convened
:
But
Zuinglius
defended
them
and
his
writings
:
and
the
Magistrates
of
Zurick
entreated
the
Bishop
to
come
to
a
Synod
where
learned
men
might
confer
together
,
and
determine
what
the
people
ought
to
believe
.
Yet
the
Bishop
wrote
again
to
them
,
shewing
them
what
complaints
he
had
heard
of
Zuinglius
,
which
he
could
not
but
take
notice
of
,
the
City
belonging
to
his
Jurisdiction
:
But
Zuinglius
going
to
the
Bench
of
Aldermen
,
defended
his
Doctrine
,
and
satisfied
them
.
Anno
Christi
1522.
the
Bishop
wrote
again
to
the
College
of
Canons
at
Zurick
,
exhorting
them
to
take
heed
to
themselves
,
for
that
Pope
Leo
and
the
Emperour
by
their
Proclamations
had
condemned
those
Doctrines
:
he
put
them
in
minde
therefore
to
obey
those
Decrees
,
and
not
to
innovate
any
thing
in
Religion
,
till
those
whom
it
concerned
had
by
Common-Council
set
down
somewhat
.
Hereupon
Zuinglius
wrote
back
to
the
Bishop
that
he
understood
by
whose
setting
on
he
did
these
things
,
but
he
wished
him
not
to
follow
their
Counsel
:
For
Zuinglius
admonisheth
the
Bishop
.
(
saith
he
)
the
Truth
is
invincible
,
and
will
not
be
resisted
.
And
afterwards
some
others
joyning
with
him
,
they
wrote
to
the
Bishop
,
entreating
him
to
Decree
nothing
against
the
Doctrine
of
the
Gospel
,
and
that
he
would
no
longer
endure
the
filthy
and
infamous
life
of
the
Priests
,
but
that
he
would
suffer
them
to
marry
.
Zuinglius
wrote
also
to
the
Helvetians
that
they
should
not
hinder
the
course
of
the
Gospel
:
that
they
would
not
trouble
Ministers
for
marrying
,
He
would
have
Ministers
marry
.
for
that
the
command
for
their
living
without
Wives
was
the
Doctrine
of
Satan
.
He
exhorted
them
also
,
whereas
their
manner
was
in
their
Pages
,
or
parishes
,
when
they
admitted
a
Priest
,
to
command
him
to
take
a
Concubine
,
least
he
should
attempt
the
chastity
of
other
women
,
that
instead
thereof
they
should
command
them
to
take
lawful
ways
.
About
this
time
Luthers
Books
coming
abroad
,
Luthers
Books
come
abroad
.
though
himself
abstained
from
reading
of
them
,
yet
he
perswaded
his
people
to
buy
,
and
read
them
:
which
he
did
,
that
they
might
see
the
agreement
that
was
in
their
Doctrine
,
being
both
taught
by
the
same
spirit
:
He
studies
the
Hebrew
.
There
also
he
studyed
Hebrew
,
and
gat
the
Senate
to
erect
a
School
for
Latine
,
Greek
and
Hebrew
:
and
associating
to
himself
Leo
Judae
,
he
gat
such
skill
in
the
Hebrew
,
that
he
began
to
explain
Isaiah
and
Jeremiah
.
Shortly
after
there
came
to
Zurick
Franciscus
Lambertus
,
and
disputed
with
Zuinglius
about
the
Intercession
of
the
Saints
,
Lambertus
converted
.
and
the
sacrifice
of
the
Mass
;
but
being
non-plus'd
,
he
left
his
Error
,
and
gave
praise
to
God
.
Zuinglius
began
also
to
write
about
this
time
;
and
Pope
Adrian
wrote
to
him
with
great
promises
to
oblige
him
to
the
Papal-Sea
;
His
const●ncy
.
but
all
in
vain
.
Shortly
after
he
perswaded
the
Senate
to
restrain
the
exorbitant
number
of
Priests
and
Fryars
,
Popery
abolished
.
yet
withall
to
allow
them
a
competent
subsistence
for
their
life
time
;
The
revenues
of
Monasteries
turned
to
charitable
uses
.
which
was
done
accordingly
;
and
their
revenues
were
imployed
for
the
maintenance
of
the
Ministry
,
for
advancement
of
Learning
and
for
the
Poor
:
He
pressed
also
the
taking
away
of
Images
,
the
abolishing
of
the
Mass
,
and
the
restoring
of
the
Lords
Supper
;
He
presseth
a
further
reformation
.
which
the
Senate
assented
to
,
and
performed
not
only
in
the
City
of
Zurick
,
but
through
all
the
places
within
their
jurisdiction
.
Anno
Christi
1523.
when
the
Senators
of
Zurick
understood
that
the
Doctrine
of
Zuinglius
was
traduced
everywhere
,
as
being
wicked
and
ungodly
,
they
commanded
all
the
Ministers
of
their
Jurisdiction
to
meet
together
on
the
29.
of
January
about
the
differences
of
Religion
,
promising
that
every
one
should
be
fully
heard
:
they
beseeched
also
the
Bishop
of
Constance
that
he
would
either
come
himself
or
send
thither
some
of
his
Divines
.
At
the
day
appointed
many
met
together
,
A
Disputation
.
John
Faber
the
Bishops
Vicar
being
also
present
,
who
pleaded
hard
that
this
place
was
unfit
to
handle
such
causes
,
but
that
they
were
to
be
referred
to
a
general
Council
.
But
Zuinglius
urged
him
that
if
he
had
any
thing
against
his
Doctrine
which
he
had
published
in
47
Positions
,
he
should
produce
it
,
and
he
should
be
answered
either
by
word
of
mouth
or
writing
,
which
when
Faber
would
not
consent
to
,
A
further
Reformation
.
the
Magistrates
dismissed
the
Assembly
,
and
proclaimed
throughout
their
Jurisdiction
that
the
Gospel
should
be
purely
taught
out
of
the
Books
of
the
Old
and
New
Testament
,
the
Traditions
of
men
being
laid
aside
;
and
in
February
following
Leo
Judae
was
made
Preacher
in
S.
Peters
Church
in
Zurick
,
and
he
marryed
a
wife
,
and
the
like
did
other
Ministers
.
Anno
Christi
1524.
the
Magistrates
of
Zurick
forbad
Processions
,
removed
the
Martyrs
Tombs
out
of
the
chief
Churches
in
the
City
,
Took
down
the
Idols
and
Images
,
and
burned
them
publickly
;
the
like
they
did
in
all
places
as
far
as
their
Jurisdiction
extended
.
An
Abbess
converted
.
Also
Katharine
Cimmerin
the
Abbess
delivered
up
her
Nunnery
into
the
hands
of
the
Major
,
marryed
an
husband
,
and
was
by
the
Magistrates
endowed
with
a
large
estate
of
yearly
revenues
:
Converting
the
Nunnery
and
the
Revenues
of
it
to
the
education
of
Youths
under
a
good
Master
.
Note
.
His
marriage
.
This
year
also
Zuinglius
marryed
Ann
Rembart
the
widdow
of
the
Noble
John
Mouer
.
Anno
Christi
1525.
the
Mass
was
abolished
at
Zurick
,
as
Images
had
been
the
year
before
:
Concerning
which
Zuinglius
thus
telleth
the
story
;
A
controversie
about
the
Mass.
When
(
saith
he
)
we
dealt
before
the
Bench
of
Senators
consisting
of
two
hundred
about
the
abolishment
of
the
Mass
,
a
certain
Scribe
or
Notary
stood
up
and
spake
thus
;
O
ye
Fathers
,
I
am
not
of
that
rank
to
speak
before
you
when
any
cause
of
the
Common-wealth
is
handled
:
but
when
matters
of
Salvation
are
treated
of
,
and
the
Faith
it self
is
in
danger
,
it
concerns
every
man
to
speak
what
he
thinks
;
I
therefore
profess
that
I
am
of
opinion
that
the
true
flesh
and
blood
of
Christ
is
received
in
the
Sacrament
,
and
I
hope
that
you
will
by
no
means
force
me
to
the
opinion
of
Zuinglius
.
To
this
Zuinglius
answered
,
that
no
man
at
Zurick
had
been
compelled
to
the
Faith
:
that
he
used
no
sophistical
interpretation
,
when
he
expounded
this
is
my
body
.
For
this
signifies
my
body
:
and
so
he
went
on
to
confirm
his
own
opinion
,
and
to
refell
the
others
.
Then
Henry
Engelhard
,
formerly
a
Popish
Doctor
,
but
now
a
Disciple
of
Christ
,
said
,
I
shall
prove
by
Scripture
that
the
bread
cannot
be
the
body
of
Christ
,
for
it
s
neither
the
natural
,
nor
glorified
,
nor
mystical
Body
of
Christ
,
therefore
not
his
body
,
&c.
After
this
conflict
was
ended
,
the
Aldermen
appointed
that
after
dinner
four
of
them
should
confer
with
Zuinglius
and
his
Brethren
,
that
so
weighty
a
business
might
be
gravely
discussed
for
the
better
satisfying
of
some
that
still
doubted
.
When
they
were
met
together
,
the
business
was
variously
debated
,
and
in
the
end
resolved
that
it
should
again
be
referred
to
the
hearing
of
the
Bench
of
Aldermen
.
And
the
next
day
when
they
were
again
met
together
,
Zuinglius
and
his
Brethren
still
desired
that
the
Mass
might
wholly
be
abolished
:
Whereupon
the
Scribe
stood
up
again
,
and
told
Zuinglius
that
he
had
said
indeed
with
these
words
,
This
is
my
body
,
Christ
meant
,
this
signifies
my
body
,
but
had
not
sufficiently
proved
it
by
Testimonies
of
Scripture
,
Luk.
8.
For
saith
he
;
Mat.
13.
whereas
you
have
instanced
,
The
Seed
is
the
Word
:
the
Field
is
the
World
:
the
Enemy
is
the
Devil
,
&c.
These
make
not
to
the
purpose
;
for
there
Christ
spake
Parabolically
,
but
this
is
no
Parable
when
he
saith
This
is
my
body
.
To
this
Zuinglius
answered
,
that
though
he
spake
not
Parabolicaly
,
yet
the
spake
Tropically
.
Upon
this
the
Aldermen
Decreed
that
hereafter
the
Eucharist
should
be
celebrated
according
to
Christs
Institution
,
and
that
the
Mass
should
be
no
more
used
amongst
them
.
The
Mass
abolished
.
At
this
the
whole
Church
much
rejoyced
;
only
a
few
of
the
ruder
sort
repined
,
urging
that
the
Protestant
Ministers
should
produce
some
example
out
of
the
Scripture
:
wherein
the
words
ought
to
be
in
the
like
manner
expounded
:
Hereupon
they
began
to
revolve
all
things
,
yet
no
example
came
into
their
mindes
:
But
a
few
nights
after
Zuinglius
dreamed
that
he
contended
again
with
the
Scribe
till
he
was
aweary
,
He
is
instructed
in
a
dream
.
and
at
last
was
so
dumb
that
he
could
not
speak
:
whereupon
he
was
exceedingly
troubled
:
but
after
awhile
a
Monitor
came
to
him
from
above
,
who
said
,
O
thou
sluggard
,
why
dost
thou
not
answer
him
with
that
which
is
written
in
the
12.
of
Exodus
,
This
is
the
Passeover
of
the
Lord
?
Immediately
he
awakened
,
and
leaping
out
of
his
bed
,
examined
the
Text
:
and
the
next
day
disputed
it
before
the
whole
Assembly
,
which
was
entertained
with
such
approbation
that
all
were
well
satisfied
:
and
(
saith
he
)
the
three
next
days
we
had
the
greatest
Sacraments
that
ever
I
saw
:
and
the
number
of
those
that
looked
back
to
the
Garlick
and
Flesh-pots
of
Egypt
,
was
far
less
then
men
thought
they
would
have
been
.
Anno
Christi
1526.
The
other
Pages
of
the
Helvetians
had
often
sent
to
Zuric●
to
cast
off
their
new
Religion
,
and
to
return
to
the
old
.
The
Senators
answered
that
they
would
obey
if
they
might
be
convinced
of
Error
;
whereupon
the
Helvetians
invite
Eccius
to
dispute
with
Zuinglius
,
Eccius
his
rage
.
and
Eccius
himself
wrote
a
bitter
Letter
to
the
Ambassadors
of
Zurick
,
met
at
Baden
,
wherein
he
accused
Zuinglius
of
Heresie
,
requiring
them
to
appoint
a
time
and
place
whither
he
might
come
to
prove
it
.
Zuinglius
hearing
of
it
,
Zuinglius
defends
himself
.
wrote
an
Apology
for
himself
to
the
Ambassadors
,
saying
,
that
Eccius
dealt
both
inhumanely
and
ungodly
with
him
:
For
(
saith
he
)
if
I
be
an
Heretick
,
Eccius
should
have
admonished
me
either
by
Letters
,
or
face
to
face
to
convince
me
of
Heresie
,
and
not
have
traduced
me
to
the
Magistrates
before
I
was
heard
:
He
wrote
also
that
he
was
ready
to
dispute
with
Eccius
before
his
own
Auditors
,
not
admitting
any
other
Judge
then
the
Word
of
God
.
Eccius
replyeth
to
this
Epistle
,
interweaning
many
slanders
,
and
desiring
that
the
place
for
Disputation
might
be
either
Lucern
or
Baden
.
Zuinglius
answered
that
if
Eccius
refused
to
come
to
Zurick
,
he
had
much
more
reason
to
refuse
those
places
where
he
was
already
condemned
of
Heresie
,
and
where
his
death
and
destruction
was
sought
after
.
Then
did
the
Senators
of
Zurick
write
to
Eccius
,
to
come
thither
upo●
the
Publick
Faith
:
but
Eccius
refused
,
now
accusing
Oecolamp●dus
also
.
At
length
the
twelve
Pages
Decreed
that
they
must
needs
dispute
,
and
after
much
contest
the
meeting
was
at
Zu●ick
:
the
Disputants
were
Eccius
and
Oecolamp●dus
:
A
disputation
fruitless
.
but
no
good
issue
came
of
it
:
So
that
the
nine
Pages
concluded
that
Zuinglius
the
chief
man
of
the
new
Religion
must
be
excommunicated
,
and
all
others
that
had
not
been
reformed
by
this
conference
.
The
year
after
they
of
Bern
appointed
a
Disputation
,
which
the
Popish
Pages
opposed
,
Reformation
at
Bern.
but
they
proceeded
in
it
,
and
the
issue
was
that
(
the
Disputation
being
ended
)
by
Publick
consent
they
Decreed
that
Masses
,
Altars
,
Images
,
and
all
Superstitions
brought
in
contrary
to
the
Word
of
God
should
be
at
once
taken
away
out
of
their
City
and
large
Territories
.
Monasteries
and
Nunneries
they
turned
into
Schools
.
Then
they
renounced
the
League
of
the
French
King
,
forbidding
him
to
leavy
any
Mercenaries
in
their
Dominions
,
contenting
themselves
only
with
that
pay●
which
he
giveth
to
every
Page
for
friendship
,
It
s
written
in
golden
letters
.
as
they
of
Zurick
had
also
done
.
Lastly
,
they
write
the
day
and
year
of
their
abolishing
the
Popish
Religion
upon
a
Pillar
in
Golden
letters
,
that
an
everlasting
memorial
might
remain
there
to
future
Posterities
.
The
like
Reformation
was
effected
at
Basil.
Not
long
after
Quarrels
arose
between
the
Popish
and
Protestant
Cantons
of
the
Switzers
,
Quarels
amongst
the
Switzers
.
and
Armies
were
raised
on
both
sides
:
They
of
Zurick
publishing
the
causes
why
they
took
Arms
:
As
first
that
the
Popish
Switzers
beat
their
men
when
they
came
to
require
their
debts
.
Then
that
the
Vnderwalds
hung
the
Arms
of
Bern
,
Basil
and
Strasborough
upon
the
Gallows
.
Then
that
they
had
made
a
League
with
their
ancient
Enemy
King
Ferdinand
to
oppress
their
Religion
;
Whereby
they
violate
not
only
the
Law
of
Nature
,
but
also
their
own
Covenants
:
Peace
made
.
But
when
the
Armies
drew
neer
,
by
the
mediation
of
their
neighbors
the
differences
were
composed
,
and
Arms
laid
down
for
the
present
.
Anno
Christi
1529.
Philip
Landgrave
of
Hess
endeavoured
to
reconcile
the
differences
between
the
Saxon
and
Helvetian
Divines
concerning
the
Eucharist
:
For
which
end
he
called
from
Wittenberg
,
Luther
,
Justus
Jonas
,
and
Melancthon
:
From
Helvetia
,
Zuinglius
and
Oecolampadius
.
From
Norenberg
,
Osiander
:
from
Hall
,
John
Brentius
:
From
Strasborough
,
Bucer
,
and
Hedio
.
At
their
coming
all
were
courteously
entertained
by
the
Landgrave
:
A
Disputation
.
After
dinner
Oecolampadius
and
Bucer
went
to
salute
Luther
,
who
spake
friendly
to
Oecolampadius
;
but
being
saluted
by
Bucer
,
he
answered
,
You
are
naught
,
and
a
Knave
:
The
Disputation
continued
many
days
,
but
in
the
beginning
of
it
Luther
told
them
that
he
would
not
depart
an
hairs
bredth
from
his
opinion
;
and
when
they
could
not
agree
,
yet
the
Helvetians
desired
Luther
that
he
would
account
of
them
as
of
Brethren
:
Luthers
violence
.
which
he
would
by
no
means
assent
unto
:
then
did
Zuinglius
,
Oecolampadius
,
and
Bucer
Protest
before
the
whole
Assembly
that
Luther
had
not
defended
his
Opinion
by
the
Word
of
God
,
that
his
Error
had
been
clearly
shewed
him
,
and
that
the
Truth
of
their
cause
had
been
abundantly
demonstrated
both
out
of
the
Word
of
God
and
the
most
Ancient
Fathers
:
And
so
(
the
Sweating
Sickness
breaking
out
)
the
Disputation
ended
,
The
Disputation
ends
.
and
they
returned
home
.
Yet
it
pleased
God
,
that
this
fruit
the
Conference
had
,
that
they
agreed
in
thirteen
other
Articles
,
and
promised
mutual
love
each
to
other
,
and
to
join
in
Prayer
to
God
to
discover
his
Truth
to
them
.
The
Landgrave
of
Hess
also
was
converted
to
the
true
Opinion
hereby
:
Some
good
effects
of
it
.
so
that
he
was
hardly
drawn
to
subscribe
the
Augustine
Confession
,
protesting
that
he
was
not
satisfied
about
the
tenth
Article
.
Also
Francis
Lambert
his
Preacher
,
who
had
formerly
been
much
addicted
to
Luther
,
being
now
overcome
with
the
Truth
of
Gods
Word
,
changed
his
Opinion
about
the
Sacrament
,
signifying
his
Opinion
to
the
whole
Church
by
a
Confession
which
he
wrote
,
and
delivered
it
to
the
Ministers
of
Strasborough
when
he
lay
upon
his
death-bed
,
who
after
published
it
.
About
that
time
there
arose
up
the
Cata-baptists
,
Catabaptists
.
which
denyed
the
Baptism
of
Infants
,
and
re-baptized
themselves
:
and
fell
also
into
many
other
abominable
Errors
and
Heresies
:
with
these
Zuinglius
at
first
dealt
very
mildly
and
brotherly
;
but
when
they
began
to
asperse
him
with
lyes
,
to
seduce
his
hearers
,
and
make
a
Schism
in
the
Church
,
Their
wickedness
.
he
was
forced
to
oppose
them
more
strongly
in
his
publick
Ministry
and
by
Disputations
:
but
though
he
had
silenced
them
,
they
raged
the
more
against
him
:
whereupon
the
Senate
imprisoned
some
,
proscribed
others
,
and
(
for
falsifying
their
Faith
)
put
some
to
death
:
They
are
punished
.
The
first
father
of
them
was
Bal●hasar
Hucm●rus
,
an
Apostate
,
and
one
that
for
Zuinglius
his
kindeness
,
loaded
him
with
lyes
and
reproaches
.
The
Monks
and
Fryars
being
cast
out
of
their
houses
,
Popish
malice
.
and
brought
to
pensions
,
sought
to
ensnare
him
;
and
for
that
end
,
suborned
sometime
some
to
seize
upon
him
,
and
to
carry
him
away
,
others
to
kill
him
;
so
that
he
could
not
stir
abroad
in
safety
in
the
night
,
He
is
in
danger
.
whereupon
his
friends
guarded
him
when
he
was
abroad
at
supper
,
and
the
Senate
were
fain
to
appoint
a
guard
about
his
house
in
the
night
time
.
Anno
Christi
1531.
New
quarrels
amongst
the
Switzers
.
They
of
Zurick
and
Bern
stopped
Provision
from
being
carryed
to
the
five
Popish
Pages
,
and
withall
set
out
this
Declaration
:
That
being
compelled
by
the
wrongs
of
the
five
Cities
,
they
had
barred
them
from
Provision
,
and
because
they
refused
the
conditions
of
Peace
which
were
propounded
by
the
Intercessors
,
violating
the
Covenants
of
the
former
years
,
by
which
order
was
taken
that
no
mans
Religion
should
be
prejudicial
to
him
:
wherefore
(
say
they
)
it
is
lawful
for
us
to
deny
them
food
;
and
if
any
contest
should
arise
about
it
,
it
ought
to
be
imputed
to
them
who
desire
nothing
but
dissentions
.
But
when
by
reason
hereof
those
five
Cities
were
pinched
with
want
,
Wars
begun
.
they
levyed
Troops
,
and
came
forth
with
Banners
displayed
,
and
sooner
then
was
expected
entred
into
the
bounds
of
them
of
Zurick
,
where
was
a
Garrison
of
above
one
thousand
men
placed
:
This
Garrison
discerning
its
own
weakness
,
sent
messenger
after
messenger
into
the
Town
to
hasten
help
to
them
:
but
such
was
the
speed
of
the
Enemy
that
the
succors
came
late
:
yet
when
they
came
to
the
top
of
the
Mountain
,
they
saw
their
Souldiers
fighting
,
and
in
present
danger
,
whereupon
exhorting
and
encouraging
one
another
,
they
ran
down
the
hill
with
all
speed
:
but
the
passage
was
so
narrow
that
they
could
go
but
single
,
so
that
wanting
time
to
ranck
themselves
,
they
were
oppressed
with
multitude
:
about
three
hundred
and
eighty
of
them
were
slain
,
They
of
Zurick
beaten
.
and
the
rest
escaped
by
flight
.
Zuinglius
was
in
this
battel
;
for
it
is
the
custom
of
the
Switzers
that
their
chief
Minister
goeth
out
with
them
to
battel
:
And
Zuinglius
being
wise
,
couragious
,
and
valiant
,
considered
with
himself
that
if
he
should
stay
at
home
,
and
the
battel
prove
ill
,
he
should
be
exposed
to
much
envy
,
as
if
he
had
encouraged
others
before
danger
approached
,
and
then
proved
faint-hearted
himself
.
The
truth
is
,
Zuinglius
dislikes
the
war
.
he
never
approved
this
cutting
off
Provision
from
the
five
Pages
;
and
when
he
saw
the
Magistrates
would
needs
do
it
,
he
went
to
them
and
craved
leave
to
depart
from
Zurick
,
because
his
counsel
was
not
obeyed
:
but
they
being
troubled
at
this
motion
,
sent
certain
choice
men
to
him
to
request
that
he
would
not
forsake
their
Church
,
which
at
last
he
assented
to
,
though
(
said
he
)
it
be
to
the
danger
of
my
life
.
About
fourteen
days
before
the
fight
,
in
a
Sermon
he
foretold
his
own
death
:
and
a
Comet
appearing
about
that
time
,
he
told
a
friend
privately
that
the
Comet
was
fatal
to
him
,
and
one
other
,
meaning
as
was
supposed
Oecolampadius
.
Zuinglius
in
the
battel
was
overthrown
thrice
,
and
yet
still
gat
up
again
:
the
fourth
time
being
wounded
with
a
spear
,
he
fell
on
his
knees
,
and
said
Well
,
they
can
kill
the
Body
,
but
they
cannot
kill
the
Soul
.
As
the
souldiers
were
spoiling
the
slain
,
Zuinglius
was
found
alive
lying
upon
his
back
,
his
arms
folded
,
and
his
Eyes
lift
up
to
heaven
,
whereupon
they
asked
him
whether
he
would
have
a
Priest
to
confess
to
,
which
he
denyed
;
then
they
willed
him
to
call
upon
S.
Mary
,
which
he
also
refused
,
ever
looking
up
to
Heaven
,
He
is
slain
.
whereupon
one
gave
him
his
deaths
wound
:
and
when
his
body
was
known
,
the
Enemies
condemned
him
to
be
cut
into
four
parts
and
burned
.
This
fell
out
Anno
Christi
1531
,
and
of
his
age
44.
after
he
had
been
Pastor
at
Zurick
twelve
years
.
Three
days
after
his
death
,
Popish
cruelty
.
some
of
friends
coming
to
the
place
,
found
his
heart
untouched
by
the
fire
.
He
began
to
preach
at
Glarona
Anno
Christi
1516.
He
preached
against
Popery
before
Luther
.
against
many
of
the
Popish
Errors
and
abuses
,
before
the
name
of
Luther
was
so
much
as
heard
of
in
those
parts
.
Beza
made
this
Epitaph
on
him
,
Zuinglius
arderet
gemino
cùm
sanctus
amore
,
Nempe
Dei
imprimis
deinde
suae
patriae
:
Dicitur
in
solidum
se
dev●v
●sse
duobus
,
Nempe
Deo
imprimis
,
deinde
suae
patriae
.
Quam
bene
persolvit
simul
istis
vot●
duobus
,
Pro
Patra
examinis
,
pro
Pietate
c●nis
!
He
had
a
wit
fitted
for
great
matters
,
honest
,
candid
,
sound
,
His
character
.
and
vehement
,
yet
not
cruel
,
or
bloody
,
but
heroical
and
cheerfull
.
His
Doctrine
and
judgment
were
sound
:
His
study
of
Piety
,
and
reforming
Religion
from
Popish
superstitions
is
seen
in
his
Works
.
In
his
Sermons
he
was
very
Methodical
,
teaching
the
Truth
with
great
Perspicuity
:
He
was
very
sharp
in
reproving
Vices
,
especially
the
Pentions
of
the
Switzers
,
oppression
of
the
Poor
,
and
Prodigality
.
He
used
to
say
that
it
was
a
wicked
warfare
,
and
nothing
more
hateful
to
God
then
for
the
hire
of
forreign
Princes
to
spill
blood
:
When
he
thundred
most
against
sin
,
least
the
Innocent
should
be
affrighted
,
he
used
to
say
,
Bone
vir
,
haec
te
non
moveant
,
nihil
ad
te
quad
dico
;
ne
cures
igitur
:
Honest
man
,
be
not
affrighted
at
these
things
,
I
speak
not
to
thee
,
therefore
care
not
for
it
.
He
used
to
study
standing
,
and
tyed
himself
to
certain
hours
,
which
he
would
not
omit
except
necessity
compelled
him
.
From
his
first
rising
till
ten
a
clock
he
imployed
himself
in
reading
,
writing
,
interpreting
the
Scripture
,
and
making
his
Sermons
:
After
dinner
till
two
a
clock
,
he
conferred
with
his
friends
,
or
gave
counsel
to
such
as
sought
it
:
and
so
to
his
study
till
supper
:
after
which
(
having
walked
awhile
)
he
busied
himself
in
writing
Letters
,
which
many
times
held
him
till
midnight
.
Monumenta
ingenii
&
eruditionis
reliquit
multa
,
His
works
.
quae
in
quatuor
tomos
digesta
typisque
excusa
extant
.
JOHN
OECVLAMPADIVS
The
Life
of
Oecolampadius
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1531.
OEcolampadius
was
born
at
Winsperg
,
His
birth
.
Anno
Christi
1482.
of
rich
and
religious
Parents
;
especially
his
Mother
,
for
Wisdom
,
Charity
,
and
Sanctity
,
was
very
eminent
in
the
place
where
she
lived
:
His
education
.
They
brought
up
this
their
son
in
Religion
and
Learning
:
His
Father
intending
to
make
him
a
Merchant
,
but
his
Mother
by
her
earnest
entreaties
prevailed
with
him
still
to
keep
him
at
School
,
where
he
profited
exceedingly
.
At
twelve
years
of
age
he
was
sent
to
the
University
of
Heidleberg
,
He
goes
to
Heidleberg
.
and
so
profited
there
,
that
at
two
years
end
he
was
made
Batchelor
of
Art
:
In
that
place
he
continued
till
he
was
Master
of
Arts
;
and
then
,
went
by
the
will
of
his
Father
to
Bononia
to
study
the
Law
;
Then
to
Bononia
.
But
the
ayr
of
Italy
not
argeeing
with
him
,
he
quickly
returned
to
Heidleberg
,
and
betook
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
read
the
School-men
,
and
profited
much
thereby
.
He
grew
so
famous
both
for
Piety
and
Learning
,
that
Philip
Prince
Elector
Palatine
chose
him
for
a
Tutor
to
his
sons
:
But
growing
weary
of
a
Court-life
,
His
study
of
Divinity
.
he
left
that
charge
,
and
returned
to
the
study
of
Divinity
.
Not
long
after
,
his
Parents
having
no
other
childe
,
gave
all
their
Estate
for
the
maintenance
of
a
Minister
in
their
own
Town
,
and
chose
this
their
Son
to
be
the
first
that
should
undertake
that
charge
,
He
enters
into
the
Ministry
.
which
caused
his
return
from
Heidleberg
to
his
own
Country
;
but
finding
himself
as
yet
not
throughly
furnished
for
such
a
work
,
he
quickly
left
it
,
and
went
to
Tubing
,
and
from
thence
to
Stutgard
;
where
under
John
Capnio
he
studyed
Greek
,
He
studies
Greek
and
Hebrew
.
and
from
thence
he
went
to
Heidleberg
,
where
he
began
to
study
Hebrew
:
And
being
by
this
means
better
furnished
,
he
returned
into
his
own
Country
to
his
former
Charge
;
and
became
a
severe
Preacher
,
and
very
grave
in
his
carriage
:
He
is
made
a
Preacher
.
He
associated
himself
but
with
a
few
,
and
those
the
best
:
His
friendship
with
Capito
.
But
especially
he
contracted
a
strict
bond
of
love
with
Capito
,
which
continued
betwixt
them
so
long
as
they
lived
.
From
this
place
he
was
at
last
called
to
be
a
Preacher
at
Basil
,
He
is
chosen
to
Basil.
and
there
also
he
commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
,
about
which
time
Erasmus
Roteradamus
coming
thither
to
print
his
Annotations
on
the
New
Testament
,
he
chose
Oecolampadius
as
his
assistant
in
that
work
,
and
confessed
that
he
was
much
holpen
by
him
.
Shortly
after
he
was
called
to
Auspurg
to
be
a
Preacher
there
;
He
is
chosen
to
Auspurg
.
but
finding
some
timorousness
in
himself
in
so
great
a
work
,
he
thought
that
a
retired
life
,
wherein
he
might
betake
himself
to
Prayer
and
study
,
would
be
better
for
him
for
the
present
,
and
therefore
he
entred
into
a
Monastery
near
to
that
City
;
in
which
also
he
thought
to
continue
;
but
all
his
friends
,
especially
Capito
,
disswaded
him
from
it
,
which
advice
he
at
last
hearkning
unto
,
and
taking
occasion
to
declare
his
judgement
in
several
things
against
the
Popish
Doctrine
,
he
began
to
be
much
hated
,
Popish
malice
.
and
threatned
with
Prison
and
death
;
yet
he
(
daily
encreasing
in
courage
)
contemned
their
threats
:
But
after
awhile
the
danger
growing
greater
(
at
the
importunity
of
his
friends
)
he
departed
,
and
not
long
after
came
to
Basil
to
Print
some
Works
,
which
in
his
retiredness
he
had
made
.
During
his
abode
there
,
having
no
other
means
of
subsistence
,
he
was
maintained
by
Andrew
Cratander
the
Printer
,
where
also
to
finde
himself
imployment
he
translated
Chrysostom
upon
Genesis
,
and
preached
Christ
freely
to
some
that
resorted
to
him
.
Anno
Christi
1522.
Sir
Francis
Sickengen
sent
for
him
;
concerning
which
himself
thus
writeth
:
Because
(
saith
he
)
Sir
Francis
Sickengen
,
His
call
to
Sir
Fr.
Sickengen
.
that
most
famous
Knight
of
Germany
,
and
Captain
of
the
Emperours
Army
hath
sent
for
me
to
instruct
his
Family
,
yea
rather
to
feed
it
with
spiritual
Sermons
,
being
long
since
instructed
;
I
thought
it
my
duty
to
endeavor
that
the
Law
of
God
should
be
made
familiar
in
it
,
whereby
it
might
grow
in
the
true
and
sincere
study
of
Christianity
:
whereupon
I
dayly
read
the
Gospel
,
and
expounded
it
to
those
that
were
present
,
familiarly
exhorting
them
to
the
study
of
Piety
;
and
whereas
they
had
been
accustomed
to
hear
Sermons
only
upon
the
Sabbaths
,
and
to
have
Masses
all
the
Week
after
,
I
so
prevailed
that
Masses
were
laid
aside
,
and
some
part
of
the
Epistles
and
Gospels
was
read
and
expounded
every
day
to
them
.
Shortly
after
the
Senate
of
Basil
chose
him
to
be
a
Professor
of
Divinity
in
that
City
,
He
is
Professor
at
Basil.
(
though
the
Popish
party
sought
by
all
means
to
oppose
it
)
where
he
read
on
the
Prophet
Isaiah
;
and
after
awhile
he
was
called
to
a
Pastoral
charge
in
that
City
,
to
the
great
regret
of
the
Papists
,
Anno
Christi
1524.
In
that
City
he
caused
Infants
to
be
Baptized
in
the
Dutch
Tongue
:
He
administred
the
Lords
Supper
in
both
kindes
by
the
consent
of
the
Magistrates
.
He
confuted
by
the
holy
Scriptures
the
Sacrifice
of
the
Mass
,
Purgatory
,
and
other
Popish
Traditions
of
the
like
kinde
,
whereupon
by
little
and
little
they
vanished
away
:
Popish
malice
.
Upon
this
John
●ochlaeus
sent
Letters
to
him
from
Stutgard
,
full
of
great
promises
,
thereby
endeavouring
to
withdraw
him
from
the
Truth
,
and
the
Mass
Priests
thundred
against
him
and
his
companions
,
saying
that
they
deserved
the
punishment
of
the
worst
Hereticks
.
But
the
Magistrates
of
Basil
commanded
all
the
Preachers
within
their
Jurisdiction
to
Preach
to
the
People
the
Word
of
God
and
not
of
men
,
and
to
abstain
from
railing
and
evill
speeches
,
threatning
severe
punishments
to
those
that
offended
against
their
Proclamation
:
so
that
not
long
after
there
was
a
general
Reformation
of
Religion
,
not
only
in
Basil
,
but
in
the
parts
adjacent
:
A
Decree
being
made
by
the
Senate
,
Reformation
in
Basil.
that
as
well
within
the
City
of
Basil
as
without
,
throughout
all
their
Jurisdiction
,
the
Mass
with
all
Idols
should
be
abandoned
:
and
the
Ash-wednesday
following
,
all
the
Wooden
Images
were
distributed
amongst
the
Poor
of
the
City
to
serve
them
for
fire-wood
;
but
when
they
could
not
agree
upon
the
dividing
of
them
,
it
was
Decreed
that
all
the
said
Images
should
be
burnt
together
:
Idols
burnt
.
so
that
in
nine
great
heaps
all
the
stocks
and
Idols
were
the
same
day
burnt
to
ashes
before
the
great
Church
door
.
Discipline
erected
.
Oecolampadius
also
(
like
a
faithful
Minister
of
Jesus
Christ
)
was
careful
to
restore
Christs
Discipline
,
Preachers
pattern
.
and
brought
in
the
censure
of
Excommunication
:
Vlm
reformed
.
And
presently
after
being
sent
for
to
Vlm
,
together
with
Blaurerus
and
Bucer
,
he
carryed
on
the
work
of
Reformation
there
.
At
Marpurg
(
by
the
invitation
of
the
Lantgrave
of
Hess
)
there
was
a
Disputation
for
three
days
between
Luther
,
1529.
A
Disputation
.
Jonas
,
and
Melancthon
on
the
one
part
,
and
Oecolampadius
,
Zuinglius
,
and
others
on
the
other
,
about
the
controversie
concerning
Christs
presence
in
the
Sacrament
;
but
the
Sweating
sickness
breaking
out
there
,
put
an
end
to
it
,
yet
they
agreed
about
all
other
Fundamentals
in
Religion
,
It
s
dissolved
.
and
parted
in
a
brotherly
manner
.
Oecolampadius
returning
to
Basil
,
His
imployments
spent
the
remainder
of
his
days
in
preaching
,
reading
,
writing
,
publishing
of
books
,
visiting
the
sick
,
His
sickness
.
&c.
Anno
Christi
1531.
and
of
his
Age
49.
he
fell
sick
(
about
the
same
time
that
Zuinglius
was
so
unhappily
slain
,
the
grief
of
whose
death
much
aggravated
his
weakness
)
yet
intermitted
he
not
his
labors
,
Hi
industry
.
till
an
Ulcer
breaking
forth
about
his
Os
sacrum
,
he
was
forced
to
keep
his
bed
:
and
though
his
friends
,
Physitians
,
and
Chyrurgeons
used
all
means
for
his
cure
,
yet
he
told
them
that
his
disease
was
mortal
.
He
spent
his
time
in
Divine
meditations
,
and
comforting
his
friends
:
He
prepares
for
death
.
and
sending
for
the
Ministers
of
the
Churches
to
him
,
he
spake
to
this
purpose
:
O
my
Brethren
,
the
Lord
is
come
,
he
is
come
,
he
is
now
calling
me
away
,
His
speech
to
his
colleagues
.
&c.
I
desired
to
speak
with
you
to
encourage
you
to
continue
faithful
followers
of
Christ
,
to
persevere
in
purity
of
Doctrine
,
in
lives
conformable
to
the
Word
of
God
;
Christ
will
take
care
for
the
defence
of
his
Church
:
therefore
,
Let
your
light
so
shine
forth
before
men
,
that
they
may
see
your
good
Works
,
&c.
continue
in
love
unfeigned
:
walk
as
in
Gods
presence
:
A
prediction
.
adorn
your
Doctrine
with
holiness
of
life
:
a
cloud
is
arising
,
atempest
is
coming
,
and
some
will
fall
off
:
but
it
becomes
you
to
stand
f●st
,
and
God
will
assist
you
,
&c.
For
my self
,
I
pass
not
the
aspersions
that
are
cast
upon
me
.
I
bless
God
I
shall
with
a
clear
conscience
stand
before
the
Tribunal
of
Christ
:
His
perseverance
.
I
have
not
seduced
the
Church
of
Christ
(
as
some
affirm
)
but
leave
you
all
witnesses
that
at
my
last
gasp
I
am
the
same
that
formerly
I
was
.
He
had
nothing
to
give
,
and
therefore
made
no
Will
:
His
poverty
.
The
fifteenth
day
of
his
sickness
he
called
for
his
children
,
took
them
by
the
hand
,
strok't
them
on
the
head
;
and
though
the
eldest
was
but
three
years
old
,
yet
he
said
unto
them
,
Go
to
my
three
children
,
see
that
you
love
God
:
His
care
for
his
children
.
Then
speaking
to
his
wife
and
kindred
,
he
desired
them
to
take
care
that
his
children
might
be
brought
up
in
the
fear
of
God
,
and
then
commanded
them
to
be
taken
away
.
The
Ministers
continued
with
him
that
night
,
and
a
certain
friend
coming
to
him
,
Oecolampadius
asked
him
what
news
?
his
friend
answered
,
He
foretels
his
death
.
None
:
but
(
saith
he
)
I
'le
tell
you
some
news
,
I
shall
presently
be
with
my
Lord
Christ
:
and
some
asking
him
whether
the
light
offended
him
:
he
putting
his
hand
to
his
heart
,
Joy
unspeakable
.
said
,
Here
〈◊〉
abundance
of
light
:
In
the
morning
,
he
prayed
earnestly
with
the
words
of
David
in
the
51.
Psalm
,
which
he
repeated
from
the
beginning
to
the
end
:
and
presently
after
said
,
His
death
.
O
Christ
,
save
me
,
and
so
he
fell
asleep
in
the
Lord
.
The
Papists
spread
many
lyes
abroad
of
his
death
:
Popish
lyes
.
some
said
that
in
dispair
he
slew
himself
;
others
,
that
he
was
murthered
,
or
poysoned
,
&c.
He
dyed
Anno
Christi
1521.
and
of
his
Age
51.
Erasmus
wrote
to
his
friends
concerning
his
Book
about
the
Sacrament
,
Oecolampadium
emisisse
libellum
tam
accuratè
scriptum
,
tot
machinis
argumentorum
,
tótque
testimoniis
instructum
▪
ut
posset
vel
electos
in
errorem
pertrahere
.
In
the
beginning
of
Reformation
he
was
another
Doctor
in
Helvetia
;
His
character
.
of
a
milde
and
quiet
wit
:
Somewhat
slow
in
dispatching
businesses
,
but
very
circumspect
:
He
took
pleasure
in
nothing
so
much
as
in
reading
and
writing
Commentaries
;
wherein
he
wrote
upon
Genesis
,
Psalms
,
Job
,
Isaiah
,
Jeremie
,
Ezekiel
,
Daniel
,
and
most
of
the
small
Prophets
,
as
also
upon
the
Books
of
the
New
Testament
:
Before
his
Conversion
he
was
superstitiously
religious
.
So
oft
as
he
read
the
words
of
Institution
of
the
Lords
Supper
,
he
thought
that
some
spiritual
sense
was
included
in
them
,
and
yet
still
drave
out
those
thoughts
with
this
,
Wilt
thou
be
wiser
then
other
men
?
You
should
believe
as
others
believe
:
But
it
pleased
God
at
last
to
inlighten
him
with
his
truth
,
which
he
submitted
to
.
He
was
most
studious
of
the
peace
and
concord
of
the
Church
.
He
excelled
in
the
knowledge
of
the
Latine
,
Greek
and
Hebrew
:
and
was
very
skilful
in
Ecclesiastical
Antiquities
.
He
was
older
then
Martin
Luther
by
one
year
.
Scripta
ejus
vel
sunt
Exegetica
,
His
works
.
vel
Didascalica
,
vel
Apologetica
,
vel
conversa
è
Graeco
.
Multa
praeterea
ab
ejus
amicis
edita
:
multa
ab
Hedione
,
&
aliis
Germanicè
conversa
.
Multa
&
a
Gastione
collecta
,
quae
non
sunt
impressa
.
Haec
omnia
vir
magnae
doctrinae
,
pietatis
,
&
laboris
,
in
ipso
quasi
aetatis
vigore
hinc
discedens
nobis
reliquit
.
The
Life
of
John
Frith
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1531.
IOhn
Frith
was
born
at
Westram
in
Kent
,
His
birth
.
and
had
from
his
childehood
a
marvellous
love
to
Learning
;
a
wonderful
promptness
of
Wit
,
and
was
of
a
ready
Capacity
to
receive
and
understand
any
thing
:
neither
was
there
any
diligence
wanting
in
him
,
equal
to
that
worthy
disposition
that
God
had
given
him
.
He
was
first
a
Student
in
Cambridge
,
where
he
profited
exceedingly
in
the
knowledge
both
of
the
Arts
and
Tongues
,
His
learning
.
where
it
pleased
God
he
fell
into
acquaintance
with
William
Tindal
,
His
Conversion
.
through
whose
Instructions
,
he
first
received
into
his
heart
the
seed
of
the
Gospel
,
and
sincere
godliness
.
About
the
same
time
Cardinal
Wolsie
undertaking
to
build
a
stately
College
in
Oxford
,
sought
out
the
most
learned
men
to
be
Fellows
in
the
same
,
and
amongst
others
John
Frith
(
though
but
Batchelor
of
Arts
)
was
appointed
for
one
:
But
when
divers
of
them
were
persecuted
for
Religion
,
and
accused
of
Heresie
:
he
,
together
with
some
others
,
who
were
chosen
with
him
out
of
Cambridge
,
His
imprisonment
.
was
committed
to
Prison
,
in
a
dark
Cave
where
salt
fish
was
then
kept
,
the
savor
whereof
infected
them
all
,
so
that
some
of
them
dyed
:
but
Mr.
Frith
,
by
Gods
Providence
,
escaped
the
danger
,
in
the
same
year
wherein
Queen
Elizabeth
was
born
,
having
been
dismissed
out
of
his
former
Prison
by
means
of
Cardinal
Wolsies
Letter
,
whereupon
he
went
beyond
Sea
to
avoid
the
storm
:
His
release
.
But
after
two
years
,
he
came
back
,
Manifold
afflictious
.
and
having
some
business
in
Reading
,
he
was
there
taken
for
a
Vagabond
,
and
set
in
the
stocks
:
where
they
suffered
him
to
sit
till
he
was
almost
pined
with
hunger
;
He
is
set
in
the
stocks
.
At
last
he
desired
to
speak
with
the
Schoolmaster
of
the
Town
,
who
when
he
came
to
him
,
Frith
in
Latine
bewailed
his
captivity
:
The
Schoolmaster
being
overcome
with
his
Eloquence
,
began
exceedingly
to
affect
and
pity
him
,
the
rather
when
he
spake
in
Greek
to
him
also
,
and
repeated
divers
verses
out
of
Hom●r
:
upon
this
the
Schoolmaster
repaired
speedily
to
the
Magistrates
,
His
inlargement
.
and
procured
his
enlargement
:
yet
neither
then
was
he
in
safety
;
Popish
malice
.
for
Sir
Thomas
Moor
(
the
then
Lord
Chancellor
)
persecuted
him
both
by
Land
and
Sea
,
promising
great
rewards
to
those
that
could
bring
any
news
of
him
:
Frith
,
to
avoid
this
storm
,
changed
place
and
apparrel
often
;
yet
at
last
he
was
betrayed
by
one
William
Holt
▪
a
Taylor
,
who
Judas-like
pretended
great
friendship
to
him
,
aud
so
was
sent
to
the
Tower
,
where
he
had
many
conflicts
with
the
Bishops
,
His
imprisonment
.
but
especially
in
writing
with
Sir
Thomas
Moor
:
and
in
his
Disputations
he
used
such
strength
of
Reason
,
and
evidence
of
Scripture
,
that
Doctor
Canner
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
never
gave
more
credit
to
any
Author
then
to
John
Frith
,
and
at
Friths
candle
he
lighted
his
lamp
;
Rastal
converted
by
him
.
also
he
converted
Rastal
to
his
part
,
who
was
Moors
son
in
law
.
During
his
Imprisonment
in
the
Tower
it
happened
that
Doctor
Curreine
,
Chaplain
in
Ordinary
to
King
Henry
the
Eight
,
preached
a
Sermon
in
Kent
before
his
Majesty
,
wherein
he
inveighed
bitterly
against
the
Sacramentaries
,
Popish
malice
.
as
they
then
were
called
,
which
denyed
the
Real
Presence
:
And
he
proceeded
so
far
herein
,
as
that
he
said
,
It
's
no
marvel
though
this
abominable
Heresie
doth
so
much
prevail
amongst
us
,
seeing
there
is
now
one
in
the
Tower
which
is
so
bold
as
to
write
in
the
defence
of
it
,
and
yet
no
man
goeth
about
his
reformation
,
&c.
This
Doctor
was
set
on
work
by
Gardiner
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
on
purpose
to
procure
the
destruction
of
Mr.
Frith
:
They
also
suggested
to
the
King
that
he
was
kept
in
the
Tower
rather
for
his
safeguard
then
for
his
punishment
by
súch
as
favoured
him
,
as
by
the
Lord
Cromwel
and
others
:
The
King
commands
Frith
to
be
tryed
.
Hereupon
the
King
called
to
him
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
the
Lord
Cromwel
,
willing
them
forthwith
to
call
Frith
to
Examination
,
that
so
he
might
either
be
compelled
to
recant
,
or
to
suffer
condign
punishment
:
But
when
as
they
delayed
time
,
the
King
took
it
so
hainously
,
that
he
sent
a
Commission
to
the
Archbishop
,
to
Stokesly
Bishop
of
London
,
and
some
others
,
without
further
delay
to
proceed
to
Examination
of
him
:
and
that
there
should
be
no
concourse
of
Citizens
at
the
said
Examination
;
the
Archbishop
removed
to
Croydon
,
whither
Stokesly
and
the
rest
of
the
Commissioners
resorted
.
But
before
the
day
for
his
Examination
came
,
He
is
sent
for
to
Croydon
.
the
Archbishop
send
one
of
his
Gentlemen
and
one
of
his
Porters
to
fetch
Frith
from
the
Tower
to
Croydon
.
This
Gentleman
had
the
Archbishops
Letter
,
and
the
Kings
Ring
to
the
Lord
Fitz-Williams
Constable
of
the
Tower
for
the
delivery
of
the
Prisoner
;
The
Lord
Fitz-Williams
lodging
then
at
Westminster
,
understanding
for
what
end
they
were
come
,
fel
a
cursing
and
banning
Frith
,
and
all
other
Hereticks
,
saying
,
Take
your
Heretick
with
you
,
I
am
glad
that
I
am
rid
of
him
.
Frith
being
delivered
to
these
two
men
,
as
they
went
in
a
Wherry
towards
Lambeth
,
the
Gentleman
being
very
sorry
for
his
condition
,
His
conference
with
the
Bishops
men
.
said
to
him
:
Consider
the
state
wherein
you
are
,
a
man
altogether
cast
away
in
this
World
if
you
do
not
the
more
wisely
behave
your self
:
But
though
your
case
be
very
dangerous
,
yet
may
you
help
your self
by
giving
way
for
a
time
,
and
somewhat
relenting
of
your
opinion
,
which
hereafter
when
occasion
and
opportunity
shall
serve
,
you
may
promote
again
.
You
have
many
friends
which
will
stand
for
you
,
so
far
as
they
are
able
and
dare
do
.
It
's
great
pitty
that
one
which
hath
such
singul●r
knowledge
in
Greek
and
Latine
,
and
is
so
ready
and
ripe
in
all
●inde
of
Learning
,
as
well
in
the
Scriptures
as
in
the
Antient
Fathers
,
should
now
suddenly
suffer
all
those
excellent
gifts
to
perish
,
with
little
profit
to
the
World
,
and
less
comfort
to
your
Wife
,
Children
,
and
Kindred
.
And
as
for
your
opinion
about
the
Sacrament
,
it
's
so
unseasonably
vented
at
this
time
in
England
,
that
it
's
like
to
do
more
hurt
then
good
:
therefore
be
ruled
by
good
counsel
till
a
●itter
opportunity
may
serve
.
This
I
am
sure
of
,
that
my
Lord
Cromwel
,
and
my
Lord
of
Canterbury
much
favour
you
,
knowing
you
to
be
an
eloquent
and
learned
youngman
,
young
in
years
,
but
old
in
knowledge
,
and
likely
to
be
a
profitable
Instrument
of
much
good
in
this
Realm
:
and
therefore
they
will
never
suffer
you
to
sustain
any
open
shame
if
you
will
be
advised
by
their
counsel
:
But
if
you
stand
stiffe
in
your
opinion
,
it
's
not
possible
for
them
to
save
your
life
;
for
as
you
have
good
friends
,
so
you
have
mortal
foes
.
I
most
heartily
thank
you
Sir
(
said
Mr.
Frith
)
for
your
good
will
and
counsel
,
whereby
I
see
your
love
to
me
:
yet
my
Cause
and
Conscience
is
such
,
that
in
no
wise
I
either
may
,
or
can
for
any
worldly
respect
without
danger
of
damnation
start
aside
,
and
fly
from
the
Truth
whereof
I
am
convinced
,
and
which
I
have
published
concerning
the
Lords
Supper
:
so
that
if
I
be
asked
what
my
judgement
is
about
it
,
His
courage
and
constancy
▪
I
mu●t
needs
declare
my
knowledge
and
conscience
therein
,
as
I
have
formerly
written
,
though
I
were
sure
to
lose
twenty
lives
if
I
had
so
many
▪
And
further
,
you
shall
understand
▪
that
I
am
furnished
with
Scriptures
,
Fathers
,
Schoolmen
,
and
others
,
for
the
proving
of
it
,
so
that
if
I
may
be
i●
differently
heard
,
I
am
sure
my
Adversaries
can
neither
justly
condemn
me
no●
mine
assertion
,
but
that
with
me
they
must
condemn
Saint
Augustine
,
and
most
of
the
Ancient
Writers
;
yea
the
very
Bishops
of
Rome
of
ancient
time
speak
for
me
,
and
defend
my
cause
.
Yea
marry
(
quoth
the
Gentleman
)
you
say
well
,
if
you
might
be
indifferently
heard
:
but
I
much
doubt
thereof
,
for
that
our
Master
Christ
was
not
indifferently
heard
,
nor
should
I
think
,
if
he
were
now
present
in
the
World
,
especially
in
this
your
opinion
,
the
same
being
now
so
odious
in
the
World
,
and
we
so
far
from
the
true
knowledge
thereof
.
Well
(
said
Mr.
Frith
)
I
know
assuredly
that
this
Doctrine
of
the
Sacrament
is
very
hard
meat
to
be
digested
both
of
the
Clergy
and
L●ity
:
But
this
I
will
say
to
you
,
that
if
you
live
but
twenty
years
more
,
whatsoever
shall
become
of
me
,
you
shall
see
this
whole
Realm
of
mine
opinion
,
though
happily
some
particular
persons
shall
not
be
fully
perswaded
therein
;
A
Prophesie
.
And
if
this
come
not
to
pass
,
then
count
me
the
vainest
man
that
ever
you
heard
speak
with
a
tongue
.
And
whereas
you
say
my
death
would
be
very
grievous
to
my
friends
,
I
grant
that
for
a
small
time
it
would
be
so
:
but
if
I
should
so
moderate
my
cause
that
I
should
only
be
kept
in
Prison
,
that
would
not
only
be
a
longer
grief
unto
me
,
but
would
breed
no
small
disquietness
to
my
friends
both
in
body
and
minde
:
therefore
all
things
well
considered
,
my
death
in
this
cause
shall
be
b●tter
to
me
and
all
my
relations
,
then
life
in
continual
bondage
and
penury
:
And
Almighty
God
knoweth
what
he
hath
to
do
with
his
poor
servant
,
whose
cause
I
now
defend
,
and
not
mine
own
:
from
the
which
(
through
Gods
grace
)
I
never
intend
to
start
,
nor
otherwise
to
give
place
so
long
as
God
will
give
me
life
.
When
they
were
landed
at
Lambeth
,
after
they
had
refreshed
themselves
with
Victuals
,
they
all
three
went
on
foot
towards
Croydon
:
The
Gentleman
still
with
himself
lamenting
the
per●l
that
Frith
was
in
,
and
therefore
he
devised
with
himself
by
what
means
he
might
deliver
him
out
of
the
Bishops
hands
;
and
having
in
minde
contrived
the
way
,
His
escape
contrived
.
he
walked
with
the
Porter
,
and
privately
imparted
his
thoughts
to
him
,
and
finding
him
forward
to
join
with
him
therein
,
he
went
again
to
Mr.
Frith
,
and
told
him
that
the
business
which
he
had
undertaken
,
to
lead
him
as
a
sheep
to
the
slaughter
,
so
grieved
him
,
that
he
was
overwhelmed
with
cares
and
sorrows
,
whereupon
he
was
resolved
,
what
danger
soever
he
incurred
,
to
find
out
a
way
to
deliver
him
out
of
the
Lyons
mouth
:
And
yet
said
he
,
yonder
good
fellow
and
I
have
contrived
a
means
whereby
you
may
easily
escape
from
this
immine●●
danger
,
and
we
also
be
cleared
from
any
vehement
suspition
:
for
when
we
come
to
yonders
Hill
,
called
Bristow-Causway
,
where
are
Woods
on
each
hand
,
you
shall
turn
into
that
on
the
left
hand
which
leads
into
Kent
,
and
so
by
the
help
of
your
friends
convay
your self
away
,
and
we
will
so
order
the
matter
that
they
shall
never
seek
that
way
for
you
,
&c.
Mr.
Frith
having
diligently
hearkened
to
his
speech
,
said
with
a
smiling
countenance
,
And
is
this
the
effect
of
your
secret
consultation
all
this
while
?
Surely
,
surely
you
have
lost
more
labor
formerly
,
and
so
you
are
like
to
do
this
also
:
for
if
you
should
both
leave
me
here
,
and
go
to
Croydon
,
He
refuseth
to
fly
,
and
why
.
declaring
to
the
Bishops
that
you
had
lost
Frith
,
I
would
surely
follow
after
as
fast
as
I
could
,
&
bring
them
news
that
I
had
found
and
brought
Frith
again
:
Do
you
think
that
I
am
afraid
to
declare
mine
Opinion
before
the
Bishops
in
so
manifest
a
Truth
?
You
are
a
fond
man
(
quoth
the
Gentleman
)
thus
to
talk
;
do
you
think
▪
that
your
reasoning
with
the
Bishops
will
do
any
good
?
But
I
much
marvel
you
were
so
willing
to
fly
the
Realm
before
you
were
taken
,
and
now
so
unwilling
to
save
your self
when
you
may
.
Marry
(
quoth
Frith
)
there
is
a
great
difference
between
escaping
then
and
now
:
For
then
I
desired
to
escape
because
I
was
at
liberty
,
and
not
yet
attached
,
which
liberty
I
would
fain
have
enjoyed
for
the
improvement
of
my
Studies
beyond-Sea
,
where
I
was
Reader
of
the
Greek
tongue
:
but
now
being
taken
by
the
Higher
Powers
,
and
that
by
Almighty
Gods
Permission
and
Providence
I
am
faln
into
the
Bishops
hands
only
for
Religions-sake
,
and
for
such
Doctrine
as
I
am
bound
in
con●cience
under
pain
of
damnation
to
maintain
,
if
I
should
now
start
aside
and
run
away
,
I
should
run
from
my
God
,
and
from
the
Testimony
of
his
Word
,
whereby
I
should
deserve
a
thousand
Hels
.
And
therefore
I
most
heartily
thank
you
both
for
your
good
wills
towards
me
,
beseeching
you
to
bring
me
where
I
was
appointed
to
be
brought
,
or
else
I
will
go
thither
all
alone
.
And
so
with
a
cheerful
and
merry
countenance
he
went
with
them
,
spending
the
time
with
pleasant
and
godly
communication
till
they
came
to
Croydon
,
where
for
that
●ight
he
was
well
entertained
in
the
Porters
Lodge
.
On
the
morrow
he
was
called
before
the
Bishops
to
be
examined
,
His
examination
▪
and
learning
.
at
which
time
he
shewed
himself
exceeding
ripe
and
ready
to
answer
all
Objections
,
even
beyond
all
mens
expectations
:
And
his
Allegations
out
of
S.
Augustine
and
other
Ancient
Fathers
were
such
,
as
some
of
them
much
doubted
of
S.
Augustines
authority
in
that
case
:
a●d
when
they
had
done
,
Doctor
Heath
in
private
confessed
to
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
that
no
man
could
avoid
his
Allegations
out
of
S.
Augustine
;
Yet
after
this
,
without
any
regard
to
his
Piety
,
Learning
,
or
Merit
,
he
was
turned
over
to
Stokesley
Bishop
of
London
,
who
would
not
hear
what
S.
Augustine
or
any
other
said
for
his
opinion
:
But
calling
him
into
his
Con●istory
,
His
unjust
condemnation
.
after
he
had
witnessed
there
a
good
Confession
,
he
condemned
him
,
and
so
delivered
him
over
to
the
Major
and
Sheriffs
of
London
to
be
burned
.
When
he
came
into
Smithfield
where
he
was
to
suffer
,
he
shewed
much
constancy
and
courage
:
and
being
tyed
to
the
stake
,
His
patience
.
and
the
fire
kindled
,
he
willingly
embraced
the
same
:
But
the
winde
blowing
away
the
flame
,
made
his
death
somewhat
the
longer
:
Gods
mercy
.
yet
(
through
Gods
grace
)
he
bore
it
with
such
patience
even
as
though
he
felt
no
pain
in
that
long
torment
,
His
death
.
and
so
at
last
quietly
re●igned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
,
Anno
Christi
1531.
Wh●lst
Mr.
Frith
was
beyond
the
Seas
,
he
much
holp
Mr.
Tindal
in
the
Translation
of
the
New
Testament
.
At
the
time
of
his
burning
,
Popish
malice
.
one
Doctor
Cook
(
a
Parson
in
London
)
admonished
the
people
that
they
should
no
more
pray
for
him
then
they
would
pray
for
a
Dog
;
whereupon
John
Frith
smiling
,
prayed
God
to
forgive
him
:
This
speech
of
the
Doctor
much
moved
the
people
to
anger
,
and
this
milde
answer
of
the
Martyr
sunk
deeply
into
their
mindes
.
The
books
that
were
written
by
this
blessed
Martyr
were
many
,
His
works
.
and
much
sought
after
in
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
and
in
Queen
Maries
Reign
,
to
be
burned
:
and
in
the
times
of
King
Edward
the
Sixth
,
and
Queen
Elizabeth
,
for
the
instruction
and
comfort
of
the
godly
.
But
it
pleased
God
by
a
marvellous
occasion
to
cause
three
or
four
of
his
most
useful
Treatises
to
be
reprinted
of
late
,
which
was
this
.
On
Midsummer
Eve
Anno
Christi
1626
▪
A
strange
Providence
.
a
Codfish
being
brought
into
the
Market
in
Cambridge
,
and
there
cut
up
for
sale
,
in
the
Maw
of
the
Fish
was
found
wrapt
up
in
Canvas
a
Book
in
Decimo
sexto
containing
three
Treatises
of
Mr.
Friths
:
The
Fish
was
caught
about
the
Coast
of
Lin
,
called
Lin-deeps
,
by
one
William
Skinner
:
when
the
Fish
was
cut
open
,
the
garbish
was
thrown
by
,
which
a
woman
looking
upon
,
espied
the
Canvas
,
and
taking
it
up
,
found
the
Book
wrapped
up
in
it
,
being
much
soiled
and
covered
over
with
a
kinde
of
slime
and
congealed
matter
.
This
was
beheld
with
great
admiration
,
and
by
Benjamin
Prime
,
the
Batchelors
Beadle
(
who
was
present
at
the
opening
of
the
Fish
)
was
carryed
to
the
Vicechancellor
,
who
took
speciall
notice
of
it
,
examining
the
particulars
before
mentioned
.
By
Daniel
Boys
(
a
Book-binder
)
the
leaves
were
carefully
opened
and
cleansed
:
The
Treatises
contained
in
it
were
,
A
Preparation
to
the
Cross.
A
Preparation
to
Death
.
The
Treasure
of
Knowledge
.
A
Mirrour
,
or
Glass
to
know
thy self
.
A
brief
instruction
to
teach
one
willingly
to
dye
,
and
not
to
fear
death
.
How
useful
the
reviving
of
these
Treatises
by
such
a
special
Providence
hath
been
,
may
easily
be
discerned
by
such
as
have
lived
since
those
times
.
The
Life
of
▪
Thomas
Bilney
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1531.
THomas
Bilney
was
born
in
England
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
brought
up
at
the
University
of
Cambridge
,
where
he
profited
exceedingly
in
all
the
Liberal
Sciences
,
was
chosen
Fellow
of
Trinity
Hall
,
and
commenced
Batchelor
of
both
Laws
;
but
,
betaking
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
His
zeal
.
he
was
wonderfully
enflamed
with
the
love
of
true
Religion
and
godliness
.
He
was
requested
to
Preach
at
a
poor
Cure
belonging
to
the
Hall
;
Mr.
Latimer
converted
by
him
.
he
converted
many
of
his
fellows
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Gospel
,
and
amongst
others
,
Hugh
Latimer
,
who
was
Cross-keeper
at
Cambridge
,
and
used
to
carry
it
before
the
Procession
:
Bilney
afterwards
forsaking
the
University
,
His
zeal
in
preaching
.
went
into
many
places
Teaching
and
Preaching
everywhere
,
and
sharply
reproving
the
pomp
,
pride
,
and
insolency
of
the
Clergy
:
whereupon
Cardinal
Wolsey
caused
him
to
be
apprehended
An.
Chr.
1527.
Popish
malice
His
apprehension
.
and
to
be
examined
before
him
:
and
sundry
Articles
to
be
drawn
up
against
him
:
Amongst
which
these
were
some
▪
That
in
the
Church
of
Willesdon
he
had
exhorted
the
people
to
put
away
their
gods
of
silver
and
gold
,
The
Articles
against
him
.
and
to
leave
offering
to
them
,
for
that
it
was
known
that
such
things
as
they
had
offered
to
them
were
many
times
spent
upon
Whores
and
Stews
:
And
that
the
Jews
and
Saracens
would
have
been
Christians
long
ago
,
had
it
not
been
for
the
Idolatry
of
Christians
,
and
their
offering
to
stocks
and
stones
.
That
Christ
is
our
only
Mediator
,
and
that
therefore
we
should
not
seek
to
Saints
.
That
man
is
so
imperfect
in
himself
that
he
cannot
merit
by
his
own
deeds
.
That
it
was
a
great
blasphemy
to
say
,
that
to
be
buryed
in
Saint
Francis
Cowl
would
take
away
four
parts
of
penance
,
seeing
the
blood
of
Christ
taketh
away
the
sins
of
the
World
.
That
it
was
great
folly
to
go
on
Pilgrimage
.
That
Miracles
done
at
Walsingam
,
Canterbury
,
&c.
were
done
by
the
Devil
through
Gods
permission
to
blinde
the
poor
people
:
That
the
Pope
hath
not
the
Keys
that
Peter
had
,
except
he
follow
Peter
in
his
life
.
That
for
these
500
years
there
hath
been
no
good
Pope
,
and
that
of
all
since
Christs
time
we
read
but
of
fifty
that
were
good
.
Lastly
,
A
Prophesie
.
that
he
had
Prophesied
that
there
would
come
others
besides
him
that
would
Preach
to
the
people
the
same
Faith
and
manner
of
living
that
he
did
:
which
(
said
he
)
is
the
very
true
Gospel
of
Christ
,
and
agreeable
to
the
mindes
of
the
holy
Fathers
,
&c.
For
these
and
such
like
things
,
the
Cardinal
being
himself
busied
in
the
affairs
of
the
Kingdom
,
turned
him
over
to
Tonstal
Bishop
of
London
,
who
,
after
examination
of
witnesses
against
him
,
urged
him
to
recant
;
but
he
stifly
refused
three
several
days
,
still
saying
,
Fiat
Justitia
,
&
Judicium
in
nomine
Domini
;
And
Haec
est
dies
quam
fecit
Dominus
,
exultemus
&
laetemur
in
ea
.
Then
the
Bishop
after
deliberation
putting
off
his
Cap
,
His
condemnation
.
said
,
In
nomine
Patris
,
&
Filii
,
&
Spiritus
Sancti
,
Amen
,
Exurgat
Deus
,
&
dissipentur
inimici
ejus
;
and
so
making
a
Cross
on
his
Forehead
and
Breast
,
he
said
,
I
,
by
the
consent
and
counsel
of
my
Brethren
here
present
,
do
pronounce
and
declare
thee
Thomas
Bilney
to
be
convict
of
heresie
,
and
for
the
rest
of
the
sentence
we
will
take
deliberation
till
to
morrow
.
At
which
time
the
Bishops
being
again
assembled
,
London
asked
him
if
he
would
yet
return
to
the
Unity
of
the
Church
,
and
revoke
his
Error
?
Mr.
Bilney
answered
,
that
he
would
not
be
a
slander
to
the
Gospel
,
trusting
that
he
was
not
separated
from
the
Church
,
and
that
if
multitude
of
witnesses
might
be
credited
,
he
could
have
thirty
men
of
honest
life
of
his
part
for
one
on
the
contrary
brought
in
against
him
:
The
Bishop
told
him
it
was
too
late
,
they
could
admit
no
witness
,
and
therefore
exhorted
him
to
abjure
:
This
contest
continued
between
the
Bishops
and
him
for
divers
days
,
they
still
urging
and
he
refusing
to
recant
:
yet
at
last
through
humane
frailty
he
told
them
that
he
was
perswaded
by
Mr.
Dancaster
to
abjure
,
His
fall
.
and
so
reading
his
Abjuration
,
he
subscribed
it
,
and
for
penance
was
enjoyned
to
abide
in
Prison
till
he
was
released
by
the
Cardinal
,
His
penance
.
and
that
the
next
day
he
should
go
bare-headed
before
the
Procession
,
carrying
a
Fagot
on
his
shoulder
,
and
so
stand
at
Pauls
Cross
during
all
the
Sermon
.
In
the
time
of
his
Imprisonment
before
this
he
wrote
to
Cuthbert
Tonstall
Bishop
of
London
several
Letters
;
His
letter
to
Tonstal
.
and
in
one
of
them
he
compares
the
Priests
and
Fryars
that
accused
him
,
to
Jannes
and
Jambres
,
to
Elymas
,
to
D●metrius
,
to
the
Pythoniss
,
to
Baalam
,
Cain
,
Ishmael
,
&c.
Adding
further
,
These
are
those
Physitians
upon
whom
the
woman
vexed
twelve
years
with
a
Bloody
Issue
,
spent
all
that
she
had
,
and
found
no
help
,
but
was
still
worse
and
worse
,
till
at
last
she
came
to
Christ
,
and
was
healed
by
him
:
Oh
the
mighty
power
of
the
Most
High
!
which
I
also
miserable
sinner
have
often
tasted
and
felt
:
whereas
before
I
had
spent
all
that
I
had
upon
these
ignorant
Physitians
,
so
that
I
had
little
strength
left
in
me
,
less
money
,
and
least
wit
and
understanding
:
But
at
last
I
heard
speak
of
Jesus
,
even
then
when
the
New
Testament
was
translated
by
Erasmus
,
which
when
I
understood
to
be
eloquently
done
,
I
bought
it
,
His
first
conversion
.
being
allured
thereto
rather
by
the
elegant
Latine
,
then
the
Word
of
God
(
for
at
that
time
I
knew
not
what
it
meant
)
and
looking
into
it
,
by
Gods
special
Providence
I
met
with
those
words
of
the
Apostle
S.
Paul
,
This
is
a
true
saying
,
and
worthy
of
all
acceptation
,
that
Jesus
Christ
came
into
the
World
to
save
sinners
,
Whereof
I
am
the
chief
.
O
most
sweet
and
comfortable
sentence
to
my
soul
!
This
one
sentence
,
through
Gods
instruction
and
inward
working
,
His
inward
joy
.
did
so
exhilarate
my
heart
,
which
before
was
wounded
with
the
guilt
of
my
sins
,
and
being
almost
in
despair
,
that
immediately
I
found
marvellous
comfort
and
quietness
in
my
soul
,
so
that
my
bruised
bones
did
leap
for
joy
.
After
this
the
Scripture
began
to
be
more
sweet
unto
me
then
the
Hony
and
the
Honycomb
:
whereby
I
learned
that
all
my
Travels
,
Without
Faith
nothing
pleases
God
.
Fastings
,
Watchings
,
Redemption
of
Masses
and
Pardons
,
without
Faith
in
Christ
,
were
but
as
S.
Augustine
cals
them
,
an
hasty
and
swift
running
out
of
the
right
way
:
and
as
the
Fig-leaves
which
could
not
cover
Adams
nakedness
.
Neither
could
I
ever
obtain
quietness
and
rest
,
or
be
eased
of
the
sharp
stings
and
bitings
of
my
sin●
till
I
was
taught
of
God
that
Lesson
,
Joh.
3.
14
,
15.
As
Moses
lifted
up
the
Serpent
in
the
Wilderness
,
even
so
must
the
Son
of
man
be
lifted
up
,
that
whosoever
believeth
in
him
should
not
perish
,
but
have
eternal
life
:
Assoon
as
(
according
to
the
measure
of
grace
given
unto
me
by
God
)
I
began
to
taste
and
rellish
this
heavenly
Lesson
,
which
none
can
teach
but
God
only
,
I
desired
the
Lord
to
encrease
my
Faith
:
and
at
last
desired
nothing
more
then
that
I
being
so
comforted
by
him
,
His
desire
to
convert
others
.
might
be
enabled
by
his
holy
Spirit
and
Grace
from
above
to
teach
the
wicked
his
ways
,
which
are
all
Mercy
and
Truth
,
that
so
sinners
might
be
converted
to
him
by
me
.
I
did
with
my
whole
power
teach
that
all
men
should
first
acknowledge
their
sins
,
and
condemn
them
,
and
afterwards
hunger
and
thirst
for
that
righteousness
which
is
by
Faith
in
Christ
,
&c.
For
these
things
I
have
been
cryed
out
of
,
attached
,
and
am
now
cast
into
Prison
,
though
I
exhorted
all
men
not
so
to
cleave
to
outward
Ceremonies
,
as
to
be
satisfied
therewith
,
and
so
to
loath
and
wax
weary
of
Christ
,
&c.
Yet
at
last
through
infirmity
,
rather
then
by
conviction
,
he
was
drawn
to
abjure
and
submit
himself
,
Anno
Christi
1529.
After
Mr.
Bilneys
Abjuration
(
which
we
mentioned
before
)
The
danger
of
Apostacy
.
he
fell
into
such
terrors
of
conscience
,
that
he
was
near
the
point
of
utter
despair
,
and
returning
to
Cambridge
,
he
continued
under
such
terrors
,
that
his
friends
were
fain
to
be
with
him
night
and
day
,
endeavoring
to
comfort
him
,
but
all
in
vain
;
this
continued
a
whole
year
:
he
was
in
such
anguish
that
nothing
did
him
good
,
neither
eating
nor
drinking
,
&c.
yea
he
thought
that
all
the
Word
of
God
was
against
him
,
and
sounded
his
condemnation
:
But
Anno
Christi
1531.
he
began
,
through
Gods
mercy
,
Great
comfort
after
great
troubles
.
to
feel
some
comfort
,
being
resolved
to
lay
down
his
life
for
that
Truth
which
before
he
had
renounced
:
whereupon
,
taking
his
leave
of
his
friends
,
he
went
into
Norfolk
,
preaching
first
in
private
to
confirm
the
Brethren
,
afterwards
in
the
fields
,
confessing
his
fact
,
and
intreating
all
to
beware
by
him
,
and
never
to
trust
to
their
fleshly
friends
in
the
cause
of
Religion
:
At
Norwich
he
was
apprehended
,
and
by
the
Bishop
cast
into
prison
:
whither
Dr.
Cole
and
Dr.
Stoaks
were
sent
to
dispute
with
him
;
Prevalency
of
the
truth
.
but
Bilneys
Doctrine
,
and
good
life
so
prevailed
with
Cole
,
that
he
was
somewhat
reclaimed
,
and
brought
to
favor
the
Gospel
.
Also
whilst
he
was
at
Ipswich
,
His
conference
with
a
Fryar
.
there
came
one
Fryar
Brusierd
to
reason
with
him
about
those
things
which
he
had
taught
:
at
which
time
Mr.
Bilney
told
him
that
the
signs
and
lying
wonders
attributed
by
S.
Paul
to
the
Pope
,
were
those
wonders
which
were
dayly
wrought
in
the
Church
,
not
by
the
power
of
God
,
but
by
the
illusions
of
Satan
whereby
he
labors
to
draw
men
to
put
their
Faith
in
our
Lady
and
other
Saints
,
and
not
in
God
alone
,
as
we
are
commanded
in
the
holy
Scriptures
:
This
free
speech
so
incensed
the
Fryar
that
he
spake
thus
to
him
;
But
that
I
believe
and
know
,
that
God
and
all
his
Saints
will
take
everlasting
revenge
upon
thee
,
The
Fryars
rage
against
him
.
I
would
surely
with
these
nails
of
mine
be
thy
death
for
this
horrible
and
enormous
injury
against
the
pretious
blood
of
Christ
.
For
whereas
God
saith
,
I
desire
not
the
death
of
a
sinner
,
but
rather
that
he
should
convert
and
live
:
thou
blasphemest
him
as
though
he
should
lay
privy
snares
for
us
to
betray
us
:
which
were
it
true
,
we
might
say
with
Hugo
de
Sancta
victoria
,
If
it
be
an
Error
,
it
is
of
thee
,
O
God
,
that
we
are
deceived
;
for
these
be
confirmed
with
such
signs
and
wonders
which
cannot
be
done
but
by
thee
alone
:
But
I
see
you
rest
the
Scriptures
to
a
reprobate
sense
,
so
that
I
am
scarce
able
to
hold
mine
Eyes
from
tears
,
hearing
these
words
from
you
;
therefore
farewel
.
During
his
latter
Imprisonment
they
used
many
means
to
have
withdrawn
him
from
his
stedfastness
,
His
constancy
.
which
not
prevailing
,
he
was
condemned
to
death
.
The
day
before
his
Execution
,
His
comfort
before
death
.
some
friends
finding
him
eating
heartily
,
with
much
cheerfulness
,
and
a
quiet
minde
,
said
,
that
they
were
glad
to
see
him
at
that
time
so
heartily
to
refresh
himself
:
An
excellent
speech
.
O
,
said
he
,
I
imitate
those
who
having
a
●uinous
house
to
dwel
in
,
yet
bestow
cost
as
long
as
they
may
to
hold
it
up
:
Discoursing
further
with
them
for
their
edification
,
some
put
him
in
minde
of
the
heat
of
the
fire
,
yet
told
him
withal
that
the
comforts
of
Gods
Spirit
should
cool
it
to
his
everlasting
refreshing
:
He
puts
his
finger
into
the
candle
.
His
faith
.
whereupon
he
putting
his
finger
into
the
flame
of
the
candle
(
as
also
he
did
at
divers
other
times
)
I
feel
(
said
he
)
by
experience
that
fire
is
hot
,
yet
I
am
perswaded
by
Gods
holy
Word
,
and
by
the
experience
of
some
spoken
of
in
it
,
that
in
the
flame
they
felt
no
heat
,
and
in
the
fire
no
consumption
:
and
I
believe
,
that
though
the
stubble
of
my
body
be
wasted
,
yet
my
soul
shall
be
purged
thereby
,
and
after
short
pain
,
will
be
joy
unspeakable
,
alleaging
that
text
Isai.
43.
1
,
2.
The
next
morning
,
the
Officers
fetching
him
to
Execution
,
a
certain
friend
intreated
him
to
be
constant
,
and
to
take
his
death
patiently
:
An
excellent
speech
.
to
whom
he
said
,
I
am
sailing
with
the
Marriner
through
a
boisterous
Sea
,
but
shortly
shall
be
in
the
Haven
,
&c.
help
me
with
your
Prayers
.
By
the
way
as
he
went
,
His
charity
.
he
gave
much
Alms
,
and
at
the
place
of
Execution
he
spake
to
the
people
confessing
his
Faith
,
His
martyrdom
.
by
rehearsing
the
Articles
of
the
Creed
:
and
afterwards
prayed
privately
with
earnest
elevation
of
his
Eyes
and
Hands
to
Heaven
:
Being
tyed
to
the
stake
,
the
Fryars
desired
him
to
declare
his
charity
to
them
,
by
assuring
the
people
that
they
were
not
the
causers
of
his
death
;
for
,
said
they
,
they
think
that
we
have
procured
it
,
and
thereupon
will
withdraw
their
charitable
alms
from
us
:
whereupon
he
said
,
I
pray
you
good
people
be
never
the
worse
to
these
men
for
my
sake
,
for
they
were
not
the
Authors
of
my
death
.
The
fire
being
kindled
,
the
winde
drove
away
the
flame
from
him
,
His
patience
.
so
that
he
was
the
longer
a
burning
,
holding
up
his
hands
,
crying
sometimes
Jesus
,
His
death
.
sometimes
Credo
,
and
so
at
last
yeelded
up
his
spirit
unto
God
,
Anno
Christi
1531.
WILLIAM
TINDALL
The
Life
of
William
Tindal
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1536
▪
WIlliam
Tindal
was
born
about
the
borders
of
Wales
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
brought
up
from
a
childe
in
the
University
of
Oxford
,
where
he
grew
up
and
encreased
in
the
knowledge
of
the
Tongues
and
the
Liberal
Arts
,
but
especially
in
the
Scriptures
,
whereunto
his
minde
was
singularly
addicted
:
insomuch
as
being
in
Magdalen-Hall
,
His
zeal
.
he
read
privately
to
some
Fellows
and
Students
some
parts
of
Divinity
,
instructing
them
in
the
knowledge
and
truth
of
the
Scriptures
:
His
●ife
also
was
so
blameless
,
that
he
acquired
much
love
and
esteem
thereby
.
After
he
had
profited
exceedingly
,
and
taken
his
degrees
there
,
he
remoued
to
Cambridge
,
and
being
well
ripened
in
the
knowledge
of
Gods
Word
,
His
remove
into
Glocestershire
.
he
went
to
live
with
one
Mr.
Welch
in
Glocestershire
,
where
he
was
Tutor
to
his
children
:
and
many
Abbots
and
Doctors
resorting
thither
,
Mr.
Tindal
discoursing
with
them
of
Luther
,
Erasmus
,
&c.
shewed
them
plainly
his
judgement
in
Religion
,
proving
the
same
by
the
Word
of
God
,
and
confuting
their
Errors
;
which
caused
them
to
bear
a
secret
grudge
in
their
hearts
against
him
.
Not
long
after
it
happened
that
some
of
these
great
Doctors
invited
Master
Welch
and
his
Lady
to
a
banquet
,
where
they
had
talk
at
will
,
uttering
their
blinde
Superstitions
without
gainsaying
▪
Then
Master
Welch
and
his
Lady
coming
home
,
Blindeness
of
Papists
.
and
calling
for
Master
Tindal
,
began
to
reason
with
him
about
those
matters
whereof
they
had
talked
before
with
the
Priests
.
Mr.
Tindal
answering
by
the
Scriptures
maintained
the
Truth
and
confuted
their
Errors
,
whereupon
the
●ady
Welch
said
,
There
was
such
a
Doctor
as
may
expend
100
l.
per
annum
,
and
such
an
one
as
may
spend
200
l.
per
annum
,
and
such
another
as
may
spend
300
l.
per
annum
,
and
is
it
reason
think
you
that
we
should
believe
you
before
them
?
Mr.
Tindal
gave
her
no
answer
at
that
time
,
and
talked
but
little
afterwards
of
those
matters
,
because
he
saw
it
was
in
vain
:
Mr.
Tindals
wisdom
.
But
fell
upon
translating
a
book
called
Enchiridion
mili●s
Christiani
,
and
having
finished
it
,
he
gave
it
to
the
Knight
and
his
Lady
,
who
after
they
had
well
read
and
perused
the
same
,
The
fruits
of
it
.
did
not
more
so
often
invite
the
Doctorly
Prelates
to
their
house
as
before
,
neither
had
they
that
chear
and
countenance
when
they
came
as
formerly
,
which
they
well
perceiving
,
supposed
that
it
was
by
the
means
of
Mr.
Tindal
,
whereupon
they
utterly
withdrew
themselves
and
came
no
more
thither
.
Then
did
the
Country
Priests
cluster
together
,
Popish
malice
and
ignorance
.
storming
and
railing
against
Mr.
Tindal
in
their
Alehouse-meetings
,
concerning
whom
himself
writes
thus
:
I
was
(
saith
he
)
in
that
Country
much
molested
by
a
company
of
unlearnnd
Priests
that
had
never
seen
more
Latine
then
in
their
Portesses
and
Missals
,
which
yet
many
of
them
can
●carcely
read
:
and
if
they
be
but
sorrily
learned
,
they
get
Albertus
Magnus
de
secretis
mulierum
,
which
they
pore
night
and
day
upon
,
making
notes
therein
&c.
These
men
railed
and
raged
against
him
,
affirming
that
he
held
heretical
opinions
,
and
thereupon
accused
him
to
the
Bishop
and
Chancellor
,
He
is
accused
.
whereupon
the
Chancellor
appointed
those
Priests
and
Mr.
Tindal
also
to
appear
before
him
;
and
Mr.
Tindal
suspecting
the
matter
,
as
he
went
,
He
prayeth
for
strength
.
prayed
heartily
unto
God
to
give
him
strength
to
stand
fast
to
the
Truth
:
When
he
came
,
the
Chancellor
threatned
him
grievously
,
reviling
and
rating
him
,
as
though
he
had
been
a
Dog
,
He
is
railed
at
.
accusing
him
of
many
things
whereof
no
proof
could
be
brought
,
and
so
dismissed
him
for
the
present
.
Not
long
after
Mr.
Tindal
happening
into
the
company
of
one
that
was
esteemed
a
learned
Doctor
,
in
disputing
with
him
he
drave
him
to
that
issue
that
the
Doctor
burst
out
into
these
blasphemous
words
,
Popish
blasphemy
.
We
had
better
be
without
Gods
Laws
,
then
the
Popes
.
Mr.
Tindal
hearing
this
,
full
of
godly
zeal
,
replyed
,
I
defie
the
Pope
and
all
his
Laws
;
and
if
God
spare
me
life
,
Mr.
Tindals
zeal
.
ere
many
years
I
will
cause
a
boy
that
drives
the
Plough
to
know
more
of
the
Scripture
then
you
do
.
The
rage
of
the
Priests
encreasing
,
Mr.
Tindal
told
Mr.
Welch
,
that
he
well
perceived
that
he
could
stay
there
no
longer
with
safety
,
and
that
his
stay
might
be
prejudicial
to
his
Family
;
and
therefore
with
his
good
leave
he
departed
and
went
to
London
,
where
he
preached
a
while
,
He
departs
from
Master
Welch
.
as
he
had
done
in
the
Country
before
:
And
then
hearing
a
great
commendation
of
Cuthbert
Tonstal
,
Bishop
of
London
,
he
endeavored
to
get
into
his
service
,
but
the
Lord
saw
that
it
was
not
good
for
him
,
Gods
providence
.
and
therefore
he
found
little
favor
in
the
Bishops
sight
.
Remaining
thus
in
London
about
the
space
of
a
year
,
and
being
desirous
for
the
good
of
his
Country
to
translate
the
New
Testament
into
English
,
he
found
that
there
was
no
place
for
him
to
do
it
in
England
,
and
therefore
being
assisted
by
Master
Humphry
Manmouth
,
a
godly
Citizen
,
and
other
good
men
,
he
left
the
land
,
and
went
into
Germany
;
He
goes
into
Germany
.
where
this
good
man
being
inflamed
with
a
tender
care
of
and
zeal
for
his
Country
,
refused
no
travel
nor
pains
,
if
by
any
means
possible
he
might
reduce
his
Brethren
and
Countrymen
of
England
to
the
same
taste
and
understanding
of
Gods
holy
Word
and
Truth
which
the
Lord
had
endued
him
withall
:
His
zeal
.
Then
conferring
with
Master
John
Frith
he
thought
in
his
minde
that
no
way
would
more
conduce
thereunto
,
then
if
the
Scriptures
were
translated
into
their
vulgar
language
,
that
so
the
people
might
fee
the
plain
text
before
them
;
for
he
well
perceived
that
one
great
cause
of
Error
was
,
because
the
knowledge
of
the
Scriptures
was
hidden
from
the
peoples
Eyes
;
upon
these
considerations
he
there
set
upon
this
work
:
The
Bible
translated
first
into
English
.
Translating
the
New
Testament
Anno
Christi
1527.
and
then
setting
upon
the
Old
,
he
finished
the
five
Books
of
Moses
,
with
sundry
most
learned
and
godly
Prologues
prefixed
before
every
one
of
them
:
the
like
also
he
did
upon
the
New
Testament
:
Besides
divers
other
godly
Treatises
which
he
wrote
there
;
which
being
published
,
and
sent
over
into
England
,
became
exceeding
profitable
to
the
whole
English
Nation
.
At
his
first
going
over
into
Germany
,
His
conference
with
Luther
.
he
went
into
Saxony
,
and
had
much
conference
with
Luther
,
and
other
learned
men
in
those
quarters
:
and
then
returning
into
the
Netherlands
,
made
his
greatest
aboad
at
Antwerp
:
He
wrote
also
divers
other
Books
under
sundry
titles
,
amongst
which
is
that
most
worthy
monument
of
his
called
The
Obedience
of
a
Christian
Man
,
His
excellent
works
.
with
divers
other
Treatises
,
as
the
Wicked
Mammon
,
the
Practice
of
Prelates
,
with
divers
Expositions
upon
sundry
portions
of
Scripture
:
As
also
some
answers
to
Sir
Thomas
Moore
,
and
other
Adversaries
of
the
Truth
,
no
less
delectable
then
right
fruitful
to
be
read
:
The
benefit
come
by
them
.
These
Books
being
sent
over
and
dispersed
in
England
,
it
cannot
be
imagined
what
a
dore
of
Light
they
opened
to
the
Eyes
of
all
the
Nation
,
which
for
a
long
time
had
been
shut
up
in
darkness
.
He
wrote
also
one
Book
of
the
Declaration
of
the
Sacrament
and
against
the
Mass
,
but
he
kept
it
by
him
,
and
did
not
print
it
,
considering
how
the
people
for
the
present
were
held
under
their
gross
Idolatry
;
and
therefore
judging
that
it
would
be
odious
to
them
to
hear
these
things
at
the
first
,
His
prudence
.
he
waited
a
fitter
time
for
the
publication
of
it
.
These
godly
Books
,
but
especially
his
translation
of
the
New
Testament
coming
abroad
,
as
they
brought
singular
profit
to
the
godly
:
So
the
ungodly
Clergy
disdaining
and
envying
that
the
people
should
be
wiser
then
they
,
and
withall
fearing
least
by
the
shining
beams
of
the
Truth
,
their
hypocrisie
and
works
of
darkness
should
be
unmasked
,
Satans
malice
against
the
truth
.
they
began
to
make
a
great
stir
:
but
especially
the
Devil
envying
the
progress
of
the
Gospel
,
sought
by
all
means
to
hinder
the
blessed
travels
of
this
worthy
man
:
For
when
he
had
finished
his
translation
of
Deuteronomy
,
minding
to
print
it
at
Hamborough
,
he
sailed
thitherward
.
His
great
afflictions
.
But
by
the
way
upon
the
coast
of
Holland
he
suffered
shipwrack
,
by
which
he
lost
all
his
Books
and
Writings
,
and
so
was
compelled
to
begin
all
again
to
his
great
hinderance
and
doubling
of
his
labors
.
Thus
having
by
that
shipwrack
lost
all
his
mony
,
copies
and
time
,
yet
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
he
was
not
discouraged
,
but
taking
the
opportunity
of
another
Ship
,
he
went
to
Hamborough
,
Mr.
Coverdal
assists
him
.
where
he
met
with
Mr.
Coverdal
,
who
assisted
him
in
the
translation
of
the
five
Books
of
Moses
,
the
sweating
sickness
being
in
that
Town
all
the
while
,
which
was
Anno
Chri.
1529.
And
during
their
imployment
in
that
work
,
A
widows
charity
.
they
were
entertained
by
a
religious
widow
,
Mistress
Margaret
Van
Emerson
.
When
his
English
Testament
came
abroad
,
Satans
and
the
Popes
instruments
raged
exceedingly
,
Popish
lyes
.
some
saying
that
there
were
a
thousand
Heresies
in
it
:
others
that
it
was
impossible
to
Translate
the
Scriptures
into
English
:
others
,
that
it
was
not
lawful
for
the
Laye
people
to
have
it
in
their
own
language
,
&c.
and
at
last
the
Bishops
and
Priests
procured
of
King
Henry
the
Eight
a
Proclamation
prohibiting
the
buying
or
reading
of
it
,
The
Bible
prohibited
to
be
read
.
Anno
Christ
▪
1527.
Yet
not
satisfied
herewith
,
they
suborned
one
Henry
Philip●
to
go
over
to
Antwerp
to
betray
him
:
who
,
when
he
came
thither
,
Popish
malice
.
insinuated
himself
into
Mr.
Tindal●
company
,
and
pretended
great
friendship
to
him
:
and
having
learned
where
his
abode
was
,
he
went
to
Bruxels
,
and
there
prevailed
so
far
,
He
is
betra●●d
.
that
he
brought
with
him
the
Emperours
Atturney
to
Antwerp
,
A
Judas
.
Cast
into
prison
.
and
pretending
to
visit
Mr.
Tindal
,
he
betrayed
him
to
two
Catchpoles
,
which
presently
carryed
him
to
the
Atturney
:
who
,
after
examination
,
sent
him
to
Prison
in
the
Castle
of
Filford
,
18
miles
of
,
and
withall
they
seized
upon
all
his
writings
,
and
what
else
he
had
at
his
lodging
The
English
Merchants
at
Antwerp
,
who
loved
Tindal
very
well
,
Means
used
for
his
release
.
did
what
they
could
to
procure
his
release
;
also
Letters
were
sent
by
the
Lord
Cromwel
and
others
out
of
England
in
his
behalf
:
but
Philips
so
bestirred
himself
,
that
all
their
endeavours
came
to
nothing
:
and
Tindal
was
at
last
brought
to
his
answer
,
and
after
much
reasoning
,
although
he
deserved
not
death
,
yet
they
condemned
him
to
dye
.
When
he
was
brought
forth
to
the
place
of
Execution
,
whilst
he
was
tying
to
the
stake
,
His
martyrdom
.
he
cryed
with
a
fervent
and
loud
voyce
,
Lord
,
open
the
King
of
Englands
eyes
.
And
so
he
was
first
strangled
by
the
Hangman
,
and
then
burnt
,
Anno
Christi
1536.
The
power
of
his
Doctrine
,
and
the
sincerity
of
his
Life
was
such
,
that
during
his
imprisonment
(
which
was
about
a
year
and
an
half
)
he
converted
his
Keeper
and
his
daughter
,
A
jalor
converted
.
and
some
others
of
his
houshold
:
and
Philips
that
betrayed
him
,
Gods
judgment
on
a
persecutor
.
long
enjoyed
not
the
price
of
innocent
blood
,
but
by
Gods
just
judgement
was
devoured
by
lice
.
The
Emperors
Atturney
that
prosecuted
against
him
,
left
this
testimony
of
him
,
that
he
was
Vir
doctus
,
pius
,
&
bonus
,
a
learned
,
pious
,
and
godly
man
:
Whilst
Mr.
Tindal
was
Prisoner
in
the
Castle
,
there
was
much
writing
,
and
great
Disputations
betwixt
him
and
them
of
the
University
of
Lovain
(
which
was
but
nine
or
ten
miles
from
thence
)
so
that
they
had
all
enough
of
him
,
not
knowing
how
to
answer
the
authorities
and
testimonies
of
Scriptures
,
whereupon
he
grounded
his
Doctrine
.
On
a
time
the
Company
of
English
Merchants
being
a
Supper
together
at
Antwerp
,
A
Conju●er
prevented
by
Mr.
Tindals
presence
.
there
was
a
Jugler
amongst
them
who
by
his
Magical
Art
could
fetch
all
kinde
of
dainty
dishes
,
and
wine
,
from
any
place
they
pleased
,
and
set
it
on
the
Table
incontinent
before
them
,
with
many
other
such
like
things
:
This
being
much
talked
of
abroad
,
Mr.
Tindal
hearing
of
it
,
desired
of
some
of
the
Merchants
that
he
might
be
present
at
supper
to
see
the
Jugler
play
his
pranks
.
Accordingly
supper
was
appointed
and
Mr.
Tindal
with
the
Merchants
went
to
it
:
and
the
Jugler
being
requested
to
play
his
pranks
,
and
to
shew
his
cunning
,
he
after
his
wonted
boldness
began
to
utter
all
that
he
could
do
:
but
all
was
in
vain
:
So
that
at
last
after
all
his
sweating
,
toiling
and
labor
,
when
he
saw
that
nothing
would
go
forwards
,
but
that
all
his
enchantments
were
void
,
he
openly
confessed
that
there
was
some
man
present
at
supper
which
disturbed
and
hindred
all
his
doings
.
Concerning
his
Translation
of
the
New
Testament
which
was
so
vilifyed
by
his
Adversaries
,
he
thus
writes
in
an
Epistle
to
John
Frith
:
His
sincerity
.
I
call
God
to
record
against
the
day
we
shall
appear
before
our
Lord
Jesus
,
to
give
up
reckoning
of
our
doings
,
that
I
never
altered
one
syllable
of
Gods
Word
against
my
conscience
,
nor
would
do
it
for
all
that
is
in
the
Earth
,
whether
honour
,
pleasure
,
or
profit
&c.
Most
of
his
Works
are
mentioned
before
in
his
Life
.
His
works
.
The
Life
of
Bertholdus
Hallerus
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1536.
BErthold
Haller
was
born
in
Helvetia
Anno
Christi
1502.
His
birth
and
education
.
and
from
his
childhood
was
much
addicted
to
Learning
,
and
therefore
after
he
had
been
trained
up
at
School
,
he
went
to
Collen
,
where
he
applyed
himself
to
the
study
of
the
Arts
and
Tongues
,
and
afterwards
betook
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
and
commenced
Batchelor
in
Divinity
.
Then
returned
he
into
his
own
Country
,
and
at
Bern
was
chosen
first
a
Canon
,
His
preferments
.
and
after
that
a
publick
Preacher
:
For
indeed
he
excelled
all
his
Colleagues
in
Piety
,
Learning
and
Eloquence
.
About
this
time
Hulderick
Zuinglius
began
to
Preach
at
Glorana
,
and
afterwards
at
Zurick
,
the
Gospel
of
Christ
purely
,
by
whose
Ministry
it
pleased
God
to
enlighten
our
Haller
,
His
conversion
.
,
who
not
consulting
with
flesh
and
blood
,
presently
adjoined
himself
to
Zuinglius
,
and
endeavoured
to
propagate
the
Truth
both
publickly
and
privately
.
Anno
Christi
1526.
the
twelve
Pages
of
the
Helvetians
appointed
a
Disputation
at
Baden
about
matters
of
Religion
,
A
disputation
.
whither
when
Zuinglius
could
not
go
with
safety
,
Oecolampadius
and
Haller
went
thither
,
where
they
had
a
great
dispute
with
John
Eccius
,
the
Pontificians
Champion
.
The
year
after
,
the
Bernates
(
which
is
the
most
potent
Canton
of
the
Switzers
)
desired
a
Copy
of
that
Disputation
;
and
when
they
could
not
obtain
it
and
the
differences
about
Religion
began
to
encrease
,
by
a
publick
writing
set
forth
Decemb.
the
seventeenth
,
they
appointed
another
Disputation
in
their
City
,
Another
disputation
.
to
which
they
invited
their
neighbor
Bishops
,
intreating
them
also
to
bring
their
Divines
along
with
them
:
which
if
they
refused
,
they
threatened
to
lay
a
fine
upon
their
possessions
which
were
within
their
Jurisdiction
:
They
also
invited
any
other
Divines
out
of
other
parts
to
come
to
the
Disputation
,
promising
them
safety
upon
the
Publick
Faith
:
They
also
agreed
upon
Laws
for
the
Disputation
,
and
published
the
Questions
which
were
to
be
handled
:
The
questions
.
which
were
,
That
the
Church
hath
but
one
head
,
viz.
Christ
;
and
that
she
knows
not
the
voice
of
any
other
.
That
the
Church
can
make
no
Laws
besides
the
Word
of
God
;
and
therefore
no
man
is
bound
by
Traditions
.
That
Christ
hath
satisfied
for
the
sins
of
the
World
:
and
therefore
they
which
seek
out
any
other
way
of
Salvation
or
expiating
their
sins
,
deny
Christ
.
That
the
body
and
blood
of
Christ
are
not
received
corporally
in
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
.
That
the
Mass
wherein
Christ
is
offered
up
to
his
Father
for
the
quick
and
dead
,
is
blasphemy
and
an
abomination
before
God
.
That
Christ
alone
is
our
Mediator
and
Advocate
to
his
Father
:
and
that
no
other
is
to
be
sought
out
or
invocated
.
That
after
this
Life
there
is
no
Purgatory
.
That
Images
are
not
to
be
worshipped
:
and
therefore
that
all
that
are
set
up
in
Churches
for
that
end
,
ought
to
be
taken
away
.
That
Matrimony
is
not
prohibited
to
any
order
of
men
.
January
the
seventh
,
Anno
Christi
1528.
this
Disputation
was
held
,
and
the
issue
of
it
was
the
most
were
satisfied
in
all
these
points
,
A
ref●rmation
.
so
that
presently
after
Popery
was
cast
out
of
the
City
and
all
the
large
Territories
of
the
Bernates
by
the
unanimous
consent
of
all
,
(
though
the
Pontificians
did
all
that
possibly
they
could
to
hinder
it
)
and
by
their
example
some
of
their
neighbors
did
the
like
,
and
in
particular
the
City
of
Geneva
.
When
thus
our
Haller
had
been
a
great
instrument
of
Reformation
in
this
Country
,
and
had
set
things
in
good
order
in
the
Church
,
so
that
his
fame
began
much
to
spread
abroad
,
it
pleased
God
to
take
him
away
by
an
immature
death
,
Anno
Christi
1536.
His
death
.
and
of
his
Age
44.
to
the
great
grief
of
all
his
friends
.
The
Life
of
Urbanus
Regius
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1541.
VRbanus
Regius
was
born
in
Argalonga
,
His
birth
.
in
the
Territories
of
Count
Montfort
,
of
honest
Parents
,
who
bred
him
up
in
Learning
,
and
when
his
childhood
was
over
,
they
sent
him
to
Lindau
,
His
education
.
where
was
a
School
famous
both
for
the
Masters
and
store
of
Scholars
;
here
he
profited
much
in
Grammer
Learning
,
so
that
from
thence
he
was
sent
to
Friburg
,
where
he
was
a
diligent
Auditor
of
sundry
men
excelling
in
all
kinde
of
Learning
.
Then
was
he
entertained
in
the
house
of
Zasius
,
an
Excellent
Lawyer
,
who
loved
him
dearly
for
his
diligence
and
industry
;
Zasius
also
allowed
him
the
use
of
his
Library
:
in
which
Regius
did
(
as
it
were
)
hide
himself
,
His
studiousness
.
diligently
reading
over
all
such
Authors
as
were
fit
for
his
studies
:
and
therein
especially
observed
such
Notes
as
Zasius
in
his
younger
days
had
written
in
the
Margins
of
them
:
which
Notes
Regius
in
the
night
time
used
to
write
out
:
so
that
when
Zasius
arose
sometimes
in
the
night
,
because
he
could
not
sleep
,
he
still
found
Regius
writing
out
those
Annotations
,
whereupon
he
used
softly
to
pull
him
by
the
Ear
,
saying
,
Thou
wilt
get
all
my
Art
and
Learning
from
me
.
And
when
at
any
time
he
had
found
him
asleep
with
his
head
leaning
on
the
table
,
he
used
to
lay
one
or
two
great
Law-books
upon
his
shoulders
,
and
so
leave
him
till
he
waked
.
Zasius
loved
him
as
his
son
,
both
for
the
sweetness
of
his
nature
and
carriage
,
as
also
for
his
diligence
and
industrie
in
his
studies
.
When
thus
at
Friburg
he
had
informed
his
judgement
,
and
stored
his
minde
with
Learning
,
he
went
to
Basil
▪
His
remove
to
Basil.
that
by
hearing
the
Professors
of
the
Arts
and
Tongues
,
he
might
enrich
himself
with
more
Polite
Learning
.
At
this
time
of
all
the
Universities
of
Germany
▪
Ingolstade
was
the
most
famous
,
which
was
governed
by
John
Eccius
,
a
most
learned
man
in
Philosophy
:
whose
fame
coming
to
the
Ears
of
Regius
,
And
th●n
to
Ingolstade
.
he
left
Basil
,
and
went
to
Ingolst
ade
.
In
that
place
where
there
was
a
great
confluence
of
Students
,
besides
the
publick
Lectures
,
there
were
many
which
read
privately
:
amongst
whom
Regius
also
set
to
reading
private
Lectures
,
having
many
that
resorted
to
hear
him
:
At
last
divers
Noblemen
sent
their
sons
to
him
to
be
educated
,
desiring
him
to
furnish
their
children
with
books
,
and
all
other
necessaries
,
for
which
they
would
take
care
to
pay
him
again
quarterly
:
but
when
he
had
run
into
debt
for
them
,
He
is
ill
dealtxs
with
.
they
neglected
to
return
their
money
,
which
caused
him
to
think
of
departing
,
being
tired
out
with
the
importunity
of
his
Creditors
;
and
having
an
opportunity
,
He
turns
souldier
.
he
listed
himself
a
Souldier
under
a
Captain
that
went
against
the
Turks
,
leaving
his
books
and
other
furniture
to
be
divided
amongst
the
Creditors
.
Being
now
amongst
the
Souldiers
,
it
happened
that
John
Eccius
(
who
was
Governor
of
the
University
)
coming
forth
to
see
the
Souldiers
,
espyed
Regius
amongst
them
,
and
enquiring
the
cause
of
his
so
sudden
a
change
,
he
told
him
how
those
Noble
men
had
served
him
;
He
is
freed
by
●●cius
.
whereupon
Eccius
got
him
released
from
his
Captain
,
and
by
his
Authority
procured
the
Debts
to
be
paid
by
the
Parents
of
those
Youths
which
had
been
with
him
;
whereupon
he
returned
to
his
studies
again
;
and
growing
famous
for
his
wit
and
learning
,
Maximilian
the
Emperour
passing
through
Ingolstade
,
made
him
his
Laureat-Poet
and
Orator
.
After
the
departure
of
Maximilian
,
he
grew
so
grateful
to
Ernest
,
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
and
Leonard
Eccius
,
a
Noble
man
,
that
he
was
made
one
of
the
Professors
in
the
University
of
Ingolstade
.
He
is
made
a
Professor
in
Ingolstade
.
And
Anno
Christi
1516
,
by
the
order
of
his
Prince
,
he
dealt
effectually
with
Erasmus
Roterodamus
to
draw
him
to
Ingolstade
:
And
though
he
could
not
prevail
,
yet
he
had
this
Testimony
given
him
by
Erasmus
,
Erasmus
testimony
of
him
.
that
he
was
vir
candidus
,
prudens
,
facundus
,
eruditus
;
in
summa
omnibus
omnium
Gratiarum
ac
Musarum
dotibus
praeditus
.
A
candid
,
wise
,
eloquent
and
learned
man
,
&c.
Then
Regius
falling
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
preferred
that
before
all
other
Learning
:
applying
himself
wholly
to
the
searching
out
of
the
Divine
Mysteries
therein
contained
;
and
a
while
after
the
controversie
growing
hot
between
Luther
and
Eccius
,
Regius
favouring
Luthers
Doctrine
,
because
he
would
not
offend
Eccius
to
whom
he
was
many
ways
bound
,
He
goes
to
Auspurg
.
left
Ingolstade
,
and
went
to
Auspurg
,
and
there
at
the
importunity
of
the
Magistrates
and
Citizens
,
he
undertook
the
Government
of
the
Church
,
and
being
offended
at
the
gross
Idolatry
of
the
Papists
,
he
joyned
with
Luther
,
and
preached
against
the
same
:
He
joins
with
Zuinglius
.
and
having
written
to
Zuinglius
to
know
his
judgement
about
the
Sacrament
and
Original
Sin
,
he
received
such
satisfaction
,
that
he
joined
in
opinion
with
him
about
the
same
.
At
that
time
the
Anabaptists
crept
into
Auspurg
,
Anabaptists
disturb
the
peace
of
the
Church
and
held
private
Conventicles
to
the
disturbance
of
the
Publick
Peace
,
He
disputes
with
a
she-Anabaptist
.
for
which
the
Magistrates
imprisoned
the
chiefest
of
them
.
Amongst
which
there
was
a
woman
of
good
quality
cast
into
Prison
:
who
boasted
that
she
could
defend
her
opinion
against
Regius
,
if
she
might
but
have
liberty
to
confer
with
him
:
hereupon
she
was
called
before
the
Senate
,
where
Regius
also
was
appointed
to
meet
with
her
:
There
she
produced
divers
Texts
of
Scripture
to
confirm
her
Errors
:
But
Regius
did
so
clearly
and
fully
open
the
genuine
sense
of
them
,
that
every
one
which
was
not
wilfully
blinde
might
easily
discern
the
truth
:
But
this
wilful
woman
was
so
far
from
submitting
to
it
,
that
she
impudently
spake
thus
unto
Regius
,
Egregia
enimvero
,
Vrbane
frater
,
haec
disputandi
ratio
inter
me
,
&
te
.
Tu
●n
molli
culcitra
ad
later
▪
Consulum
adsidens
,
quasi
ex
Apollinis
●●ipode
proloqueris
:
ego
misera
humi
prostrata
,
●ex
duris
vinculis
causam
dic●re
cogor
.
●o
this
Vrbanus
answered
,
Nec
vero
in●urin
,
so●or
:
ut
quae
se●el
è
servitute
Diaboli
per
Christum
in
libertatem
adserta
,
tua
sp●●te
iterum
cervicem
turpi
jugo
submisisti
;
&
isti●
te
ornamentis
●esanus
ostentat
genius
ali●
i●
exemplum
.
The
Senate
perceiving
that
they
labored
in
vain
whilst
they
sought
to
reclaim
them
,
by
a
Decree
banished
them
the
City
.
Regius
Preaching
against
Purgatory
and
Indulgences
,
He
is
driven
away
by
Papists
.
the
malice
and
cruelty
of
the
Papists
prevailed
at
length
to
the
driving
him
out
of
that
City
:
but
after
a
while
,
by
the
earnest
prayer
of
the
Citizens
,
His
return
.
he
was
called
back
again
to
his
former
Charge
,
His
marriage
.
where
also
he
marryed
a
wife
▪
by
whom
he
had
thirteen
children
.
About
the
same
time
Eccius
came
thither
,
and
sought
by
all
means
to
turn
him
from
the
Truth
;
but
in
vain
:
He
sent
also
F●ber
and
Cochlaeus
with
flatteries
and
large
promises
,
His
constancy
.
who
prevailed
as
little
as
the
other
.
Anno
Christi
1530.
when
the
D●et
was
held
at
Auspurg
,
for
quieting
the
controversies
about
Religion
,
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
coming
thither
,
by
importunity
prevailed
with
Regius
to
go
to
Luneburg
in
his
Country
,
to
take
care
of
the
Church
there
:
In
which
journey
at
Coburg
he
met
with
Luther
,
and
spent
a
whole
day
in
familiar
conference
with
him
,
about
matters
▪
of
great
moment
,
of
which
himself
writes
,
That
he
never
had
a
more
comfortable
day
in
his
life
.
His
comfortable
conference
with
Luther
.
As
these
words
of
his
in
a
Letter
to
one
of
his
friends
in
Auspurg
do
testifie
,
wherein
he
writes
thus
,
Cum
Saxoniam
peterem
,
Coburgi
integrum
diem
solus
cum
Luthero
,
viro
Dei
,
transegeram
,
quo
die
nullus
mihi
in
vita
fuit
jucundior
.
Talis
enim
&
tantus
est
Theologus
Lutherus
,
ut
nulla
secula
habuerint
similem
.
Semper
mihi
magnus
fuit
Lutherus
,
at
jam
mihi
Maximus
est
.
Vidi
enim
praesens
,
&
audivi
,
quae
nullo
calamo
tradi
possunt
absentibus
.
Ernestus
Duke
of
Brunswick
loved
him
dearly
,
and
esteemed
him
as
his
Father
,
insomuch
as
when
the
City
of
Auspurg
,
Anno
Christi
1535.
sent
to
the
Duke
,
desiring
him
to
return
Regius
to
them
again
,
he
answered
,
That
be
would
as
soon
part
with
his
Eyes
as
with
him
:
The
Dukes
love
unfeigned
to
him
.
Also
at
his
return
from
Auspurg
,
when
divers
of
his
Nobles
asked
him
what
new
and
pretious
ware
,
after
the
example
of
other
Princes
,
he
had
brought
home
with
him
?
He
answered
that
he
had
brought
home
incomparable
treasure
for
the
good
of
his
whole
Dukedom
,
which
he
preferred
before
all
his
delights
:
And
presently
after
he
made
him
Bishop
and
Over-seer
of
all
the
Churches
in
his
Country
,
He
is
made
superintendent
.
with
an
ample
salary
for
the
same
.
Afterwards
going
with
his
Prince
to
a
meeting
at
Haganaw
,
he
had
a
humor
fell
into
his
right
Leg
,
which
arising
in
a
Pustle
,
brake
,
His
sickness
.
and
caused
an
issue
,
which
the
Physitians
advised
to
keep
still
open
:
but
not
long
after
he
stopped
the
same
,
whereupon
many
presaged
his
death
,
whereof
indeed
this
was
a
cause
:
For
when
on
the
Sabbath
day
,
he
had
been
at
Church
,
and
received
the
Sacrament
,
in
the
Evening
rubbing
his
Forehead
,
he
complained
of
some
obstructions
and
pain
in
his
Head
:
yet
was
he
still
cheerful
and
not
troubled
at
it
:
and
so
went
to
bed
with
his
wife
,
and
slept
till
almost
day
,
when
rising
out
of
his
bed
,
he
fell
along
in
the
floor
,
and
with
the
fall
awaked
his
wife
,
who
leaping
our
of
her
bed
,
cryed
out
,
and
endeavoured
to
lift
him
into
his
bed
again
;
but
all
in
vain
till
help
came
to
her
:
A
while
after
seeing
his
wife
and
friends
heavy
and
mourning
,
he
com●orted
them
,
and
commended
himself
wholly
unto
God
,
and
so
about
two
or
three
hours
after
,
quietly
and
comfortably
resigned
up
his
soul
into
the
hands
of
his
heavenly
Father
,
His
death
.
Anno
Christi
1541.
and
May
the
23.
He
often
desired
God
that
he
might
dye
a
sudden
and
easie
death
,
He
desired
a
sudden
death
.
wherein
God
answered
his
desires
.
He
was
of
an
excellent
wit
,
holy
of
life
,
and
painful
in
the
work
of
the
Lord
.
His
son
Ernest
collected
all
his
works
together
,
His
works
.
and
digested
them
into
several
Tomes
,
printed
them
at
Norinberg
.
Afterwards
came
forth
another
Book
,
called
Loci
Theologici
ex
Patribus
,
&
Scholasticis
,
Neotericisque
collecti
per
V.
Regium
.
The
Life
of
Caralostadius
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1541.
ANdreas
Bodenstein
Caralostadius
was
born
in
France
,
His
birth
.
in
a
town
called
Caralostadium
,
by
which
he
received
his
name
:
He
was
brought
up
at
School
there
:
and
for
the
improvement
of
his
Learning
he
went
●o
divers
Countries
,
His
education
.
and
publick
Schools
,
such
as
those
times
afforded
:
at
last
he
went
to
Rome
to
study
Divinity
,
such
as
was
then
taught
there
:
and
having
spent
some
time
in
those
studies
,
he
went
into
Germany
,
and
there
setled
himself
at
Wittenberg
,
He
settles
at
Wittenberg
.
where
he
commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
,
and
was
a
publick
Professor
Anno
Christi
1512.
Afterwards
he
became
an
earnest
assertor
of
Luthers
doctrine
,
and
a
defender
of
it
against
Eccius
,
both
by
disputation
and
writing
:
At
the
Disputation
held
at
Lipsich
,
Anno
Christi
1519.
(
of
which
you
may
read
in
Luthers
life
)
Caral●stadius
and
Eccius
first
began
it
.
A
disputation
.
There
was
a
great
dissimilitude
between
these
two
persons
.
For
Caralostadius
shewed
the
modesty
of
a
Divine
in
his
voice
,
countenance
,
gesture
,
and
proceedings
:
disputing
,
not
for
glory
and
victory
,
but
to
search
out
the
Truth
;
wherefore
he
affirmed
nothing
but
what
he
soundly
proved
:
nor
admitted
any
Quotations
brought
by
the
Adverse
party
till
he
had
gathered
the
meaning
of
the
Anthor
by
the
words
that
went
before
and
followed
after
:
By
this
his
diligence
he
commended
himself
to
the
learned
;
but
the
unlearned
interpreted
it
to
be
du●ness
and
fear
.
But
Eccius
on
the
other
hand
appeared
fierce
by
his
outcryes
,
his
stern
countenance
,
his
Theatrical
gesture
,
and
his
impetuous
proceedings
:
which
outward
gestures
of
the
body
shewed
a
minde
little
Theological
:
he
often
boasted
of
himself
so
highly
and
impudently
,
that
he
lost
his
reputation
amongst
wise
men
.
He
most
constantly
affirmed
those
things
which
were
false
,
and
as
shamelesly
denyed
those
things
which
were
true
:
their
Disputation
was
about
Freewill
;
the
fruit
whereof
as
Luther
writes
,
was
not
the
searching
out
of
truth
,
but
temporis
perditio
,
the
loss
of
time
.
At
his
return
to
Wittenberg
he
published
Trecentas
&
septuaginta
conclusiones
Apologeticas
,
&
defensionem
adversus
monomachiam
D.
Johannis
Ecc●i
,
cum
epitome
de
impii
justificatione
.
The
year
after
he
set
forth
his
Theses
against
the
Papacy
.
Anno
Christi
1521.
He
reforms
Wittenberg
.
at
the
time
of
Luthers
being
in
his
Pathmos
,
Caralostadius
obtained
or
the
Elector
the
abolishing
of
private
Mass
,
Auricular
confession
,
Images
,
&c.
at
Wittenberg
,
about
which
time
he
marryed
a
wife
,
concerning
which
Luther
writing
to
Amsdorfius
,
saith
thus
:
Caralostadii
nuptiae
mirè
placent
:
novi
puellam
:
conforte●
cum
Dominus
in
bonum
exemplum
inhibendae
&
minuendae
Papisticae
libidinis
,
Amen
.
But
Luther
hearing
of
that
Reformation
in
Wittenberg
,
and
being
offended
at
it
,
returned
presently
thither
,
Anno
Christi
1522.
and
preached
eagerly
against
that
alteration
;
whereupon
Caralostadius
(
who
in
Luthers
absence
was
the
principal
man
in
Wittenberg
)
being
netled
with
those
sharp
Sermons
of
Luther
,
wrote
in
justification
of
it
,
which
was
the
first
beginning
of
greater
differences
betwixt
them
about
the
Sacrament
,
whereupon
he
left
Wittenberg
,
His
remove
to
Orlamund
.
Anno
Christi
1524.
and
went
to
Orlamund
,
being
called
to
a
Pastoral
charge
there
:
But
after
a
while
he
was
called
back
to
his
place
in
Wittenberg
;
yet
before
he
went
,
Luther
being
s●nt
by
the
Elector
to
Jene
,
and
Orlamund
,
in
a
Sermon
where
Caralostadius
was
present
,
inveighed
bitterly
against
the
Anabaptists
,
and
said
withall
,
That
the
same
spirit
reigned
in
the
Image
haters
and
Sacramentaries
;
Luthers
infirmities
.
whereupon
Caralostadius
,
being
much
offended
,
went
to
his
lodging
to
confer
with
him
about
it
:
Afterwards
Luther
coming
again
to
Orlamund
went
not
to
salute
Caralostadius
,
but
in
his
Sermon
quarrelled
with
their
abolishing
of
Idols
:
and
shortly
after
he
procured
the
Elector
to
banish
Caralostadius
;
He
is
bannished
by
Luthers
means
.
whereof
Caralostadius
afterwards
complained
in
a
Letter
to
his
people
in
Wittenberg
,
that
unheard
and
unconvicted
he
was
banished
by
Luthers
procurement
.
From
thence
he
went
to
Basil
,
where
he
printed
some
Books
that
he
had
written
about
the
Lords
Supper
,
for
which
the
Magistrates
(
being
offended
with
the
novelty
of
the
Doctrine
)
cast
the
Printers
into
Prison
,
and
the
Senate
of
Zurick
forbade
their
people
to
read
those
Books
:
but
Zuinglius
in
his
Sermon
exhorted
them
first
to
read
,
and
then
to
pass
judgement
on
them
,
saying
,
That
Caralostadius
knew
the
truth
,
but
had
not
well
expressed
it
:
Afterwards
whilst
Caralostad●us
was
wandring
up
and
down
in
upper
Germany
,
His
great
afflictions
.
the
sedition
of
the
boorish
Anabaptists
brake
out
,
(
unto
which
they
were
stirred
up
by
Muncer
)
for
which
many
of
them
,
especially
of
their
Ministers
,
were
brought
to
punishment
,
and
Caralostadius
also
escaped
very
narrowly
,
being
let
down
in
a
basket
,
over
the
wals
of
Rottenburg
:
He
writes
to
Luther
.
Thus
being
in
great
straits
,
he
wrote
to
Luther
,
and
purged
himself
from
having
any
hand
in
those
uproars
,
entreating
him
to
print
his
Book
,
and
undertake
his
defence
,
which
also
Luther
did
,
desiring
the
Magistrates
that
he
might
be
brought
to
his
just
trial
,
before
he
was
condemned
:
Caralostadius
wrote
again
to
him
a
Letter
,
wherein
he
said
,
That
for
his
opinion
about
the
Sacrament
,
he
rather
proposed
it
for
Disputation
sake
,
then
that
he
positively
affirmed
any
thing
,
which
many
imputed
to
him
for
levity
:
But
Luther
thereupon
procured
his
return
into
Saxony
:
His
return
into
Saxony
.
yet
he
finding
little
content
there
,
went
to
Zurick
Anno
Christi
1530.
and
taught
in
that
place
till
the
death
of
Zuinglius
,
and
then
he
went
to
Basil
,
where
he
taught
ten
years
;
and
Anno
Christi
1541.
His
death
.
he
dyed
there
of
the
Plague
,
and
was
very
honorably
buryed
.
What
esteem
Luther
had
sometimes
of
him
,
may
appear
by
this
superscription
of
a
Letter
which
he
wrote
to
him
.
Erudit●ssimo
viro
,
&
praestantissimo
D.
Andreae
Bo●enstein
▪
Ca●alostadio
,
syncerioris
Theologiae
asscrtor●
facile
primario
,
Archidiacono
Wittenbergensi
,
Praeceptori
ac
majori
suo
in
Christo
Jesu
.
The
Life
of
Capito
,
who
dyed
An.
Chri.
1541.
WOlfgangus
Fabricius
Capito
was
born
at
Hagenaw
in
Alsatia
,
His
birth
.
Anno
Christi
1478.
His
Father
was
of
the
Senatorian
ranck
,
His
education
.
who
bred
him
in
Learning
,
and
sent
him
to
Basil
,
where
he
studyed
the
Liberal
Arts
and
Tongues
,
and
by
his
singular
diligence
profited
very
much
therein
.
Afterwards
when
he
applyed
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
his
Father
,
who
abhorred
the
unholy
life
of
those
which
professed
holiness
,
took
him
off
from
those
studies
,
and
set
him
in
a
way
of
studying
Physick
,
He
studyes
Physick
.
wherein
he
made
such
a
progress
,
that
Anno
Christi
1498
:
he
commenced
Doctor
of
Physick
:
But
his
Father
being
dead
,
he
returned
to
the
study
of
Divinity
being
religiously
inclined
,
and
profited
much
in
it
:
Then
he
went
to
Friburg
,
And
Divinity
.
where
he
studyed
School
Divinity
:
but
after
a
while
growing
weary
thereof
,
because
he
found
in
the
Schoolmen
much
subtilty
,
but
little
utility
,
he
was
ordained
a
Presbyter
;
And
then
fell
to
the
study
of
the
Law
,
being
for
four
years
space
a
Hearer
of
Z●sius
:
But
above
all
things
he
admired
and
esteemed
the
Doctrine
of
the
Gospel
,
and
was
a
great
lover
and
admirer
of
godly
Ministers
:
At
Heidleberg
he
grew
into
acquaintance
with
Oecol●mpadius
,
Love
unfeigned
.
and
there
was
a
near
tye
of
friendship
betwixt
them
all
their
lives
after
;
with
him
also
he
studyed
Hebrew
,
being
therein
assisted
by
Matthew
Adrian
▪
a
converted
Jew
.
From
thence
being
sent
for
by
the
Senate
,
He
is
chosen
Pastor
at
Basil
.
he
went
to
Basil
,
where
he
was
Preacher
in
the
chief
Church
for
some
years
,
and
laid
the
foundation
of
a
blessed
Reformation
in
that
City
:
there
also
he
commenced
Doctor
Anno
Christi
1516.
Anno
Christi
1520.
through
the
favor
of
Sir
Vlrick
Hutten
he
was
called
to
Ments
by
the
Archbishop
thereof
to
be
the
Preacher
and
Counsellor
to
the
Prince
:
at
which
time
also
Gasper
Hedeo
was
made
Preacher
and
chief
Governor
over
the
highest
Church
in
Ments
.
He
is
chosen
to
Ments
.
Capito
did
the
more
willingly
embrace
this
call
,
that
he
might
plant
the
reformed
Religion
in
Ments
.
Concerning
his
commencing
Doctor
,
he
thus
writes
in
an
Epistle
to
Hutten
;
Juris
Pontificii
,
ut
vocant
,
Doctoratum
suscepi
;
propter
authoritatem
videlicet
comparandam
;
scopam
subolescis
:
Licet
interim
sint
aliqui
,
qui
vitio
vertunt
Theologum
esse
&
unà
simul
Civilem
;
quasi
Theologus
necesse
habet
omnem
exuere
humanitatem
.
Anno
Christi
1521.
Tecelius
the
Merchant
of
Indulgences
being
dead
,
by
the
order
of
the
Archbishop
of
Ments
,
Letters
Patents
for
the
renewing
of
them
were
set
to
sale
at
Hale
in
Saxony
,
whereupon
Luther
wrote
to
the
Archbishop
,
and
Melancthon
to
Capito
his
Counsellor
,
to
disswade
them
from
such
Merchandize
.
He
favours
the
Gospel
.
Capito
therefore
secretly
favouring
the
Gospel
,
so
far
prevailed
with
his
Master
,
that
he
wrote
mildly
and
humbly
to
Luther
:
His
advice
to
Luther
.
And
Capito
also
wrote
to
him
,
to
advise
him
that
in
writing
against
the
vices
of
Prelates
,
he
should
not
name
them
.
For
,
saith
he
,
Exasperantur
potius
animi
insectatione
,
quàm
curantur
:
mens
mindes
by
such
bitterness
are
rather
exasperated
then
cured
.
Capito
thus
continuing
with
the
Elector
of
Ments
,
was
very
dear
unto
him
for
his
rare
Wisdom
joined
with
Piety
,
his
happy
Eloquence
,
and
mild
Nature
,
so
that
by
him
he
was
sent
upon
many
Embassies
:
And
February
the
7.
Anno
Christi
1523.
he
was
by
the
Emperour
Charles
the
Fifth
endowed
for
himself
and
posterity
with
the
Ensignes
of
Nobility
under
the
Imperial
Seal
.
But
not
much
esteeming
these
things
,
when
he
saw
that
he
could
not
accomplish
his
purpose
at
Ments
,
to
the
wonder
of
the
Archbishop
and
astonishment
of
the
Courtiers
,
he
left
it
,
He
goes
to
Strasborough
.
and
followed
Bucer
to
Strasborough
,
where
he
was
called
to
a
Pastoral
charge
.
The
fame
of
Capito
and
Bucer
did
so
spred
abroad
,
that
James
Faber
Stapulensis
,
and
Gerard
Ru●us
came
privily
out
of
France
to
them
,
being
sent
by
Margaret
Queen
of
Navar
,
He
is
sent
to
by
the
Queen
of
Navar.
and
sister
to
Francis
King
of
France
,
where
they
discoursed
largely
with
them
of
all
the
heads
of
Divinity
:
So
that
France
oweth
the
beginning
of
her
embracing
the
reformed
Religion
,
as
to
other
godly
Ministers
,
so
especially
to
Capito
and
Bucer
.
Capito
was
a
very
Prudent
and
Eloquent
man
,
a
good
H●brician
,
and
studious
of
Peace
▪
He
affects
peace
.
Concerning
the
Sacrament
he
said
,
Mittendas
esse
contentiones
,
&
cogitandum
de
usu
ipsius
coenae
:
&
fidem
nostram
pane
,
&
vino
Domini
,
per
memoriam
carnis
,
&
sanguinis
illìus
,
pascendam
,
Anno
1525
he
was
called
into
his
own
Country
,
where
he
instructed
his
Brethren
in
the
Doctrine
of
the
Gospel
,
preached
and
administred
the
Lords
Supper
to
his
own
Citizens
,
and
Baptized
without
the
Popish
Ceremonies
;
and
whereas
in
Helvetia
many
seemed
to
incline
to
the
reformed
Religion
,
Capito
often
went
amongst
them
,
confirming
them
in
the
Faith
.
A
disputation
at
Bern.
And
in
a
Disputation
at
Bern
in
Helvetia
,
Anno
Christi
1528.
Capito
with
many
other
Divines
was
present
at
it
,
defending
the
Truth
against
the
Adversaries
,
so
that
he
with
the
rest
prevailed
for
the
abolishing
of
the
Mass
,
and
setting
up
a
faithful
Ministry
in
that
place
.
The
rest
of
his
time
he
spent
in
Preaching
at
Strasborough
,
and
giving
wholsome
counsel
to
the
Churches
.
Anno
Christi
1541.
when
a
Diet
was
appointed
at
Ratisbone
,
especially
for
the
cause
of
Religion
,
Capito
amongst
other
Divines
,
was
sent
by
the
Protestants
to
it
,
where
he
gave
an
excellent
demonstration
of
his
wit
and
judgement
:
But
when
nothing
could
be
effected
,
returning
home
in
a
great
and
general
infection
he
dyed
of
the
Plague
Anno
Christi
1541.
His
death
.
of
his
Age
63.
He
was
a
man
of
an
excellent
wit
and
judgement
,
His
character
.
constant
in
Religion
.
A
great
lover
of
the
Schools
and
Learning
:
wherefore
he
exhorted
to
the
repairing
of
Schools
,
and
keeping
up
Scholastical
Titles
,
that
the
studious
might
be
distinguished
from
the
slothful
;
the
Seniors
from
the
Juniors
:
and
that
diligence
might
be
spurred
on
by
hope
of
honest
glory
.
When
Erasmus
halted
between
two
opinions
,
he
continually
called
upon
him
to
put
off
that
Nicodemus-like
temper
.
His
first
wife
was
Agnes
,
a
learned
woman
,
after
whose
death
he
marryed
the
Widdow
of
Oecolampadius
his
intire
friend
.
He
left
to
posterity
these
excellent
works
,
Institutionum
Hebraicarum
libriduo
,
Enarrationes
in
Habacuc
&
Hoseans
Prophetas
.
Vita
Johannis
Oecolampadii
.
De
formando
puro
Theologo
.
Explicatio
doctissima
in
Hexameron
opus
Dei
.
LEO
JVDAE
The
Life
of
Leo
Iudae
,
who
dyed
An.
Chri.
1542.
LEO
Judae
was
born
An.
Chr.
1482.
His
birth
.
his
fathers
name
was
John
Judae
,
his
mothers
name
was
Elizabeth
:
By
the
care
of
his
Father
he
was
brought
up
at
School
in
Slestadia
,
His
education
.
where
having
learned
Grammer
,
he
went
to
Basil
,
An.
Chr.
1502.
There
he
joined
in
study
with
Zuinglius
,
was
an
hearer
of
Dr.
Wittenbash
,
by
whom
he
was
instructed
in
the
knowledg
of
the
Gospel
:
There
also
he
continued
in
his
studies
till
he
commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
Anno
Christi
1512.
after
which
he
was
made
a
Deacon
,
and
from
thence
he
was
called
into
Helvetia
;
where
he
set
himself
to
the
study
of
the
Oriental
Tongues
,
His
study
of
Divinity
.
and
to
read
the
Fathers
,
especially
Hierom
and
Augustine
;
as
also
he
read
diligently
the
Books
of
Luther
,
Erasmus
,
and
Capito
▪
At
length
being
called
to
a
Pastoral
charge
at
Zurick
,
He
is
made
Pastor
at
Zurick
.
he
opposed
the
Popish
Doctrine
and
Ceremonies
,
both
in
the
Pulpit
and
Press
,
so
that
his
fame
spread
far
and
near
:
there
he
continned
eighteen
years
,
and
spent
much
of
it
in
expounding
the
Old
Testament
out
of
the
Hebrew
,
wherein
(
being
grown
very
skilful
)
he
set
upon
(
at
the
importunity
of
his
Brethren
of
the
Ministry
)
the
translation
of
the
Old
Testament
out
of
the
Hebrew
,
He
translates
the
Bible
.
wherein
also
he
was
much
holpen
by
the
industry
of
other
learned
men
:
His
care
was
to
get
the
most
exact
Hebrew
copy
that
he
could
,
which
also
he
compared
with
others
;
neither
did
he
neglect
to
examine
the
Greek
and
Latine
versions
,
that
by
all
he
might
the
better
finde
out
the
genuine
signification
of
the
words
and
minde
of
the
Holy
Ghost
.
But
this
work
proving
very
great
,
he
was
so
wasted
with
labor
and
old
age
that
he
dyed
before
he
finished
it
,
His
death
.
Anno
Christi
1542.
and
of
his
Age
60.
leaving
undone
Job
,
the
forty
last
Psalms
,
Proverbs
,
Ecclesiastes
,
Canticles
,
and
the
eight
last
Chapters
of
Ezekiel
,
which
he
commended
to
Theodore
Bibliander
to
finish
,
who
accordingly
did
it
:
and
he
left
all
to
Conradus
Pellican
to
peruse
and
put
to
the
Press
,
which
he
carefully
performed
.
Four
days
before
his
death
,
sending
for
the
Pastors
and
Professors
of
Zurick
,
The
confession
of
his
faith
he
made
before
them
a
Confession
of
his
Faith
,
concerning
God
,
the
Scriptures
,
the
Person
and
Offices
of
Christ
,
concluding
,
Huic
Jesu
Christo
Domino
,
&
liberatori
meo
,
&c.
To
this
my
Lord
and
Saviour
Jesus
Christ
,
my
Hope
,
and
my
Salvation
,
I
wholly
offer
up
my
soul
and
body
;
I
cast
my self
wholly
upon
his
mercy
and
grace
,
&c.
after
which
he
added
an
hearty
thanksgiving
unto
God
for
all
the
blessings
and
benefits
that
he
had
received
from
him
:
Prayed
earnestly
to
him
for
the
pardon
of
all
his
sins
:
made
an
exhortation
to
his
Brethren
:
and
with
hearty
affections
commended
to
God
,
the
Senate
and
People
of
Zurick
,
together
with
his
wife
and
children
,
entreating
them
to
be
an
husband
to
the
widdow
,
and
a
Father
to
the
Fatherless
.
He
left
to
posterity
,
His
works
.
Annotationes
in
Genesin
,
&
Exodum
,
ex
ore
Zuinglii
exceptas
:
Item
in
Evangelistas
quatuor
:
Passionis
Dominicae
Historiam
:
Ac
in
Epistolas
Pauli
ad
Romanos
,
Corinthios
,
Philippenses
,
Collossenses
,
Thessalonicenses
,
&
Sancti
Iacobi
.
Praeterea
Opus
conclusionum
Zuinglii
,
atque
Catechismum
majorem
&
minorem
conscripsit
.
The
Life
of
George
Spalatinus
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1545.
GEorge
Spalatine
was
born
at
Noricum
,
His
birth
and
education
.
An.
Chri.
1482.
and
being
brought
up
in
Learning
profited
so
much
,
especially
in
the
knowledge
of
the
Humane
Arts
,
that
Frederick
the
Third
,
Elector
of
Saxony
,
took
a
great
liking
to
him
,
and
made
him
one
of
his
Privy
Counsel
,
His
preferments
.
and
preferred
him
to
some
other
Offices
under
him
:
Yet
did
not
he
neglect
the
study
of
Divinity
;
but
profited
so
much
therein
that
he
was
ordained
a
Minister
.
He
was
also
an
excellent
Historian
,
insomuch
as
his
Prince
imployed
him
in
writing
a
Chronicle
from
the
beginning
of
the
World
to
his
time
:
What
favour
he
was
in
with
his
Prince
,
may
appear
by
this
,
in
that
Pope
Leo
the
tenth
,
endevouring
to
suppress
Luthers
Doctrine
in
the
bud
,
wrote
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
and
to
our
Spalatine
,
to
promote
his
business
with
the
Duke
for
the
destroying
of
Luther
.
When
he
first
applyed
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
he
wrote
to
Luther
,
intreating
directions
from
him
for
the
Method
of
his
Studies
:
Luther
advised
him
to
read
Hierom
,
Luther
directs
him
in
his
studies
.
Augustine
,
and
Ambrose
,
as
they
were
published
by
Erasmus
:
He
also
advised
him
always
to
begin
his
Studies
with
Prayer
:
For
(
saith
he
)
there
is
no
Master
that
can
instruct
us
in
Divine
matters
but
the
Author
of
them
.
He
further
perswaded
him
to
read
over
the
whole
Bible
diligently
,
adjoining
Augustine
to
it
▪
And
(
said
he
)
if
you
will
have
my
advice
,
begin
with
that
part
which
is
De
spiritu
&
litera
,
which
our
Carolostad
(
a
man
of
incomparable
diligence
)
hath
expounded
and
published
.
Afterwards
he
named
to
him
other
parts
of
Augustine
and
of
Ambrose
.
After
this
the
Elector
of
Saxony
made
him
his
Court
Preacher
,
His
imployments
.
and
whithersoever
he
went
took
him
along
in
his
train
with
him
,
as
he
did
when
he
went
to
the
Diet
at
Worms
,
Anno
Christi
1521.
whence
he
wrote
to
Luther
,
that
there
was
so
much
favour
shewed
to
the
Gospel
but
then
appearing
,
that
he
perswaded
himself
that
Luther
should
not
be
condemned
before
he
was
heard
.
Nine
years
after
this
he
was
at
Auspurg
when
the
confession
of
Faith
which
was
written
by
Melancthon
was
presented
unto
the
Emperour
.
And
indeed
in
all
the
Controversies
of
Religion
he
always
stood
of
Luthers
side
.
He
had
many
thoughts
of
leaving
his
Ministry
,
His
tentations
.
had
not
Luther
earnestly
opposed
him
:
amongst
other
things
writing
thus
to
him
,
Luthers
counsel
therein
.
Those
temptations
which
persue
you
to
desert
your
Ministry
,
either
overcome
them
,
or
slight
them
:
Christ
hath
called
you
to
that
Office
,
yield
to
him
,
and
obey
him
according
to
his
will
.
What
you
are
doing
,
you
know
not
for
the
present
,
but
you
shall
know
hereafter
.
This
is
a
Diabolical
tentation
,
and
you
know
not
now
,
why
you
are
afflicted
with
it
:
we
which
are
spectators
know
it
better
:
therefore
you
ought
rather
to
trust
us
then
your self
,
who
in
the
Lord
,
before
the
Lord
,
yea
the
Lord
by
us
doth
exhort
and
comfort
you
:
For
we
look
after
nothing
else
herein
then
the
will
of
God
and
his
glory
.
And
indeed
this
is
a
certain
sign
that
your
Ministry
is
neither
ingrateful
to
God
,
nor
unprofitable
to
the
Church
,
in
that
you
are
troubled
with
these
tentations
:
For
if
it
were
unpleasing
to
God
,
you
would
rather
long
after
it
,
as
they
do
which
run
before
they
be
sent
:
They
speak
when
they
have
nothing
commanded
them
of
God
:
whereas
Satan
when
he
findes
such
as
are
truly
sent
by
God
and
pleasing
to
him
,
he
makes
them
aweary
of
their
work
:
but
those
which
are
unpleasing
to
God
,
he
fils
them
with
a
violent
hunting
after
the
work
.
You
have
no
reason
to
give
over
your
Ministry
which
is
so
earnestly
desired
and
embraced
,
&c.
Upon
these
perswasions
of
Luther
he
continued
in
his
Office
unto
the
end
of
his
life
,
which
fell
out
Anno
Christi
1545.
and
of
his
age
63.
He
was
a
man
that
lived
in
great
esteem
with
Princes
and
Nobles
,
His
death
.
and
most
of
the
learned
men
of
his
time
.
Erasmus
wrote
often
to
him
,
acknowledging
him
not
only
his
dear
friend
,
but
his
Patron
also
:
and
Luther
wrote
six
hundred
Epistles
to
him
.
He
wrote
the
Chronicle
before
mentioned
:
His
works
.
turned
Erasmus
his
Book
De
Institutione
Principis
into
Dutch
with
some
others
.
The
Life
of
Myconius
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1546.
FRidericus
Myconius
was
born
in
Franconia
,
His
birth
.
of
religious
parents
,
An.
Chr.
1491.
Decemb.
26.
and
bred
up
at
School
till
he
was
13
years
old
,
His
education
.
and
then
he
was
sent
to
Annaeberg
where
he
studyed
till
he
was
20.
He
enters
into
a
Monastery
.
and
then
entred
into
a
Monastery
of
the
Franciscan
Fryars
there
,
without
the
knowledg
of
his
Parents
:
and
this
he
did
,
not
that
he
might
live
in
ease
,
fill
his
belly
,
and
follow
his
pleasures
:
but
that
he
might
serve
God
,
pray
for
the
pardon
of
his
own
and
other
mens
sins
,
and
that
he
might
live
an
holy
and
innocent
life
:
For
so
men
judged
in
those
days
:
The
first
night
after
his
entry
,
he
had
a
dream
,
which
proved
Prophetical
.
In
that
Monastery
he
almost
killed
himself
with
watchings
,
His
bodily
exercises
.
fastings
,
praying
,
and
performing
other
bodily
exercises
wherein
they
thought
all
holiness
to
consist
:
And
in
the
night
time
when
other
Monks
were
asleep
,
His
diligence
in
reading
.
he
macerated
and
weakned
himself
with
reading
Peter
Lombard
,
Alexander
Hales
,
Bonaventure
,
Gabriel
Biel
,
Augustine
,
and
other
like
Authors
,
and
being
made
Reader
at
Meal-times
,
for
seven
years
together
every
dinner
and
supper
he
read
the
Bible
with
Lyra's
Notes
upon
it
,
which
he
turned
over
so
often
that
he
had
almost
gotten
it
by
heart
,
but
yet
without
understanding
and
judgement
:
Only
he
retained
in
his
Memory
the
Sacred
Histories
.
But
despairing
of
attaining
to
Learning
under
such
Masters
,
he
left
his
studies
,
and
fell
to
Mechanical
Arts
:
Indulgences
brought
into
Germany
.
About
which
time
Tecelius
brought
his
Indulgences
into
Germany
,
boasting
of
the
virtue
of
them
,
and
exhorting
all
as
they
loved
their
own
and
their
dead
friends
Salvation
,
that
they
should
buy
them
,
&c.
and
withall
threatning
that
if
they
came
not
speedily
to
buy
,
he
would
lay
down
the
Cross
,
Popish
blasphemies
.
shut
Heaven
Gates
that
now
stood
wide
open
:
that
he
would
extinguish
the
light
and
splendor
of
the
Sun
:
and
that
ere
long
he
would
cause
that
so
pretious
ware
should
not
be
sold
at
so
easie
a
rate
:
and
that
whilst
the
World
stood
,
Germany
should
not
have
such
liberality
profered
to
them
from
Rome
again
:
and
therefore
he
exhorted
them
seriously
to
have
respect
to
their
own
and
their
deceased
friends
Salvation
:
For
(
saith
he
)
now
is
the
acceptable
time
,
now
is
the
day
of
Salvation
:
and
except
ye
buy
these
Indulgences
,
no
man
can
absolve
you
from
your
sins
.
He
also
told
the
Citizens
of
Annaeberg
that
if
they
would
freely
part
with
their
mony
,
their
metal
Mines
which
were
about
the
Town
of
S.
Anne
should
abound
with
pure
silver
.
By
these
means
this
cunning
Hucster
procured
such
honor
to
his
Indulgences
,
that
when
he
came
to
any
Town
,
the
Popes
Bull
was
carryed
before
him
wrapped
either
in
silk
or
cloth
of
gold
,
and
was
met
with
a
long
and
pompous
Procession
;
so
that
probably
had
God
himself
come
in
a
visible
shape
,
he
should
not
have
been
entertained
with
so
much
magnificence
.
Myconius
well
educated
.
Myconius
had
been
taught
by
his
Father
the
Lords
Prayer
,
the
Creed
,
the
Decalogue
,
and
to
pray
often
:
and
that
the
blood
of
Christ
only
could
cleanse
us
from
sin
:
and
that
pardon
of
sin
and
eternal
life
could
not
be
bought
with
mony
,
&c.
which
caused
him
to
be
much
troubled
whether
he
should
believe
his
Father
or
the
Priests
;
but
understanding
that
there
was
a
clause
in
the
Indulgences
that
they
should
be
given
freely
to
the
Poor
,
he
went
to
Tecelius
,
entreated
him
to
give
him
one
,
for
that
he
was
a
poor
sinner
,
and
one
that
needed
a
free
remission
of
his
sins
,
and
a
participation
of
the
merits
of
Christ
:
Tecelius
admired
that
he
could
speak
Latine
so
well
(
which
few
Priests
could
do
in
those
days
)
and
therefore
he
advised
with
his
Colleagues
,
who
perswaded
him
to
give
Myconius
one
:
but
after
much
debate
he
returned
him
answer
,
Popish
covetousness
.
That
the
Pope
wanted
mony
,
without
which
he
could
not
part
with
an
Indulgence
:
Myconius
urged
the
aforenamed
clause
in
the
Indulgences
which
were
publickly
posted
up
,
wherein
the
Pope
had
inserted
these
words
,
ut
pauperibus
gratis
darentur
propter
Deum
:
whereupon
Tecelius
his
Colleagues
pressed
again
that
he
might
have
one
given
him
,
pleading
his
learning
,
ingenuity
,
poverty
,
&c.
and
that
it
would
be
a
dishonour
both
to
God
and
the
Pope
to
deny
him
one
:
But
still
Tecelius
refused
:
whereupon
some
of
them
whispered
Myconius
in
the
Ear
to
give
a
little
money
,
which
he
refused
to
do
,
and
they
fearing
the
event
,
one
of
them
profered
to
give
him
some
to
buy
one
with
,
which
he
still
refused
,
saying
,
that
he
would
not
have
bought
Indulgences
,
and
that
if
he
pleased
,
he
could
sell
a
Book
to
buy
one
,
but
he
desired
one
for
Gods
sake
,
which
if
they
denyed
him
,
he
wished
them
to
consider
how
they
could
answer
it
to
God
,
&c.
But
prevailing
nothing
,
he
went
away
rejoicing
that
there
was
yet
a
God
in
Heaven
to
pardon
sinners
freely
,
&c.
according
to
that
promise
,
As
live
(
saith
the
Lord
)
I
desire
not
the
death
of
a
sinner
,
&c.
Not
long
after
he
entred
into
Orders
at
Vinaria
,
The
means
of
his
Conversion
.
and
read
privately
Luthers
Books
,
which
the
other
Fryars
took
very
hainously
,
and
threatned
him
for
it
.
From
thence
he
was
called
to
be
a
Preacher
at
Vinaria
▪
where
at
first
he
mixed
some
Popish
Errors
with
the
Truth
;
but
by
the
Illumination
of
Gods
Spirit
,
and
by
his
reading
Luther
,
he
at
last
began
to
Preach
against
Popery
,
and
to
hold
forth
the
Truth
clearly
in
Thuringia
;
The
Gospels
swift
progress
.
which
spied
so
swiftly
in
one
months
space
,
and
was
so
greedily
imbraced
not
only
through
Saxony
,
but
through
all
Countries
,
as
if
the
Angels
had
been
the
carriers
of
it
.
Anno
Christi
15
8.
when
Luther
,
was
going
to
Auspurg
,
he
lodged
in
the
Monastery
where
Myconius
was
at
Vinaria
:
at
which
time
Myconius
first
saw
him
,
but
was
not
suffered
to
speak
with
him
▪
Afterwards
he
was
called
to
●otha
to
teach
and
govern
the
Thuringian
Churches
,
where
he
lived
with
his
Colleagues
twenty
years
in
much
peace
and
concord
;
Love
unfeigned
.
of
which
himself
faith
,
Cucurri●aus
,
certa●●m●●
,
●●●●ravimus
,
pugnavimus
,
vicimus
&
vixim●s
semper
con●u●●et●ssimè
,
&c.
Anno.
Christi
15●5
.
He
endeavors
〈◊〉
quiet
the
Anabaptists
.
In
the
tumult
of
the
Anabaptistical
Boors
,
Myconius
took
much
pains
to
pacifie
their
mindes
,
and
to
keep
them
quiet
:
Yea
,
he
so
quieted
with
an
Oration
some
that
were
pulling
down
some
Noble-mens
houses
,
that
they
went
away
in
peace
.
His
marriag●
.
That
year
also
he
marryed
a
wife
called
Marguet
,
the
daughter
of
an
honest
Citizen
of
Gotha
,
by
whom
through
Gods
blessing
,
he
had
a
numerous
posterity
.
And
though
Myconius
was
by
Gods
Providence
called
to
the
Government
of
the
Church
in
Gotha
,
yet
the
most
illustrious
Elector
of
●axo●y
imployed
him
in
many
other
businesses
.
He
also
took
him
along
with
him
thrice
into
the
Low-countries
,
as
also
into
Cullen
,
Jul●ers
,
His
zeal
in
preaching
.
and
divers
other
places
.
At
Dusseldo●p
he
preached
the
Gospel
sincerely
and
purely
,
though
to
the
hazard
of
his
life
;
and
at
Cullen
he
maintained
a
publick
Disputation
with
the
Fryars
,
which
was
afterwards
printed
.
With
the
like
constancy
and
faithfulness
he
preached
the
Doctrine
of
the
Gospel
in
Brunswick
,
in
Cella
of
Saxony
,
and
in
other
parts
of
Westphalia
.
Also
in
divers
publick
Conventions
at
Smalcald
,
Francfurt
,
and
Noremberg
,
his
counsel
being
asked
,
with
much
courage
and
zeal
he
handled
the
affairs
of
Religion
,
seeking
to
promote
the
glory
of
God
,
and
profit
and
welfare
of
the
Church
.
An.
Chr.
1528.
Henry
the
Eighth
King
of
England
,
fell
out
with
the
Pope
,
for
not
divorcing
him
from
his
wife
Katharine
of
Spain
,
sister
to
Charles
the
Fifth
,
by
reason
of
whose
greatness
the
Pope
durst
not
do
it
:
He
is
sent
into
England
.
whereupon
the
King
of
England
sent
over
to
the
Germane
Princes
(
especially
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
)
to
confederate
against
the
Pope
,
and
to
join
with
them
in
an
agreement
about
Religion
;
upon
which
occasion
Myconius
was
sent
over
into
England
,
partly
about
matters
of
Religion
,
but
especially
about
a
match
between
Henry
the
Eighth
,
and
Anne
of
Cleve
:
King
Henry
the
Eight
his
hypocrisie
.
but
coming
thither
,
he
discovered
the
Kings
hypocrisie
about
Religion
,
not
only
by
the
six
Articles
about
that
time
established
,
but
also
by
his
imprisoning
of
Latimer
,
and
cutting
off
the
Lord
Cromwels
head
,
and
burning
of
Mr.
Barnes
,
&c.
and
by
his
seizing
upon
all
the
Abbey-lands
:
whereupon
he
left
England
,
His
return
into
Germany
.
and
being
come
home
,
Anno
Christi
1538.
he
was
called
by
Henry
of
Saxony
to
visit
and
reform
the
Churches
of
Misnia
,
together
with
Luther
,
Jonas
,
Cruciger
,
&c.
which
fell
out
upon
this
occasion
.
George
Duke
of
Saxony
,
lying
on
his
death-bed
,
sent
to
his
Brother
Henry
(
all
his
own
sons
being
dead
before
)
desiring
him
,
that
succeeding
him
,
he
should
innovate
nothing
in
Religion
,
and
withall
promised
him
golden
mountains
by
his
Ambassadors
if
he
would
assent
thereto
:
to
whom
Henry
answered
,
This
Embassie
of
yours
is
just
like
to
the
Devils
dealing
with
Christ
,
An
heroical
resolution
.
when
he
promised
him
al
the
World
if
he
would
fal
down
and
worship
him
:
but
for
my
own
part
I
am
resolved
not
to
depart
from
the
Truth
which
God
hath
revealed
unto
me
:
but
before
the
return
of
the
Ambassadour
,
Duke
George
was
dead
:
whereupon
this
Henry
(
notwithstanding
all
the
opposition
of
the
Papists
)
made
this
Reformation
in
the
Churches
:
Reformation
in
Misna
and
Thuringia
.
which
work
being
finished
,
Myconius
visited
all
the
Churches
in
Thuringia
,
and
with
the
help
of
Melancthon
and
some
other
,
he
provided
them
Pastors
and
Schoolmasters
,
and
procured
stipends
to
be
setled
upon
them
for
their
maintenance
.
The
rest
of
his
life
he
spent
in
Preaching
,
Praying
,
and
writing
of
Letters
:
many
great
persons
in
Universities
,
and
the
chief
Churches
holding
correspondence
with
him
;
amongst
whom
were
Luther
,
Melancthon
,
Cruciger
,
Menius
,
Basilius
,
Monerus
,
John
Langus
,
Mechlerus
,
John
Marcellus
,
Matthew
Ratzenbergerus
,
&c.
Anno
Christi
1541.
He
fell
into
a
Consumption
,
whereof
he
wrote
to
Luther
,
That
he
was
sick
not
to
death
,
but
to
life
:
which
gloss
upon
the
Text
pleased
Luther
excellently
well
,
unto
whom
he
wrote
back
:
Luthers
prayer
for
Myconius
.
I
pray
Christ
our
Lord
,
our
Salvation
,
our
Health
,
&c.
that
I
may
not
live
to
see
thee
and
some
others
of
our
Colleagues
to
dye
,
and
go
to
Heaven
,
and
to
leave
me
hear
amongst
the
Devils
alone
.
I
pray
God
that
I
may
first
lay
down
this
dry
,
A
prophetical
prayer
.
exhausted
,
and
unprofitable
tabernacle
:
farewel
,
and
God
forbid
that
I
should
hear
of
thy
death
whil'st
I
live
:
Sed
te
superstitem
faciat
mihi
Deus
:
hoc
peto
&
volo
,
&
fiat
voluntas
mea
,
Amen
;
quia
haec
voluntas
gloriam
nominis
Dei
,
certè
non
meam
voluptatem
,
His
recovery
.
nec
copiam
quaerit
.
A
while
after
Myconius
recovered
according
to
this
Prayer
,
though
his
disease
seemed
to
be
desperate
,
Power
of
Prayer
.
and
out-lived
it
fix
years
:
even
till
after
Luthers
death
,
whereupon
Justus
Jonas
,
speaking
of
Luther
,
saith
of
him
,
Iste
vir
potuit
quodvoluit
,
That
man
could
have
of
God
what
he
pleased
.
A
little
before
Myconius
his
death
,
he
wrote
an
excellent
Epistle
to
Joan.
Frederick
Elector
of
Saxony
,
wherein
he
praiseth
God
for
raising
up
three
successively
in
that
Family
,
viz.
Frederick
,
John
,
and
John
Frederick
,
to
undertake
the
patronage
of
Luther
,
His
character
.
&c.
He
was
a
man
of
singular
piety
,
of
solid
learning
of
a
dextrous
judgement
,
of
a
burning
zeal
,
and
of
admirable
candor
and
gravity
.
His
death
.
He
dyed
of
a
relapse
into
his
former
disease
,
Anno
Christi
1546.
and
of
his
Age
55.
His
Works
were
these
:
His
works
.
Expositio
in
Evan.
Marci
.
Enarrationes
in
Psalmum
101.
Expositiones
in
Evan.
secundum
Matthaeum
,
Lucam
,
&
Johannem
.
Commentaria
in
Jesaiam
,
Jeremiam
,
&
Jonam
.
Narratio
de
vita
&
morte
Zuinglii
.
Sermo
de
liberis
recte
educandis
:
De
crapula
,
&
ebrietate
:
De
faenore
&
usura
,
&c.
Iohn
Stigetias
made
this
Epitaph
upon
him
;
Quo
duce
Gotha
tibi
monstrata
est
Gratia
Christi
,
Haec
pia
M●conii
contegit
ossa
lapis
.
Doctrina
&
vitae
tibi
moribus
ille
reliquit
Exemplum
:
Hoc
ingens
(
Gotha
)
tuere
decus
.
The
Life
of
John
Diazius
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1546.
IOhn
Diazius
was
born
in
Spain
,
His
birth
.
and
brought
up
at
School
;
afterwards
he
went
to
Par●
to
study
the
Arts
,
where
he
continued
thirteen
years
;
His
education
.
but
it
pleased
God
that
whilst
he
read
over
the
holy
Scriptures
,
and
some
of
Luthers
Books
,
and
other
Protestant
Divines
,
His
Conversion
.
he
began
to
see
and
abominate
the
Errors
of
Popery
:
and
therefore
to
further
himself
in
the
knowledge
and
study
of
the
Truth
,
He
goes
to
Geneva
.
he
went
to
Geneva
,
where
he
spake
with
Calvin
,
From
thence
to
Strasborough
.
and
was
very
dear
unto
him
:
From
thence
he
went
to
trasborough
,
where
Martia
Bu●er
observing
his
Learning
,
Piety
,
and
diligence
in
his
study
,
obtained
of
the
Senate
that
he
should
be
joined
with
him
to
go
to
the
Disputation
at
Ratisbone
:
So
to
Ratisbone
.
and
when
he
came
thither
,
he
went
to
Peter
Malvenda
,
a
Spaniard
,
the
Popes
Agent
in
Germany
,
who
when
he
knew
that
he
came
in
the
company
of
Buc●r
and
the
other
Protestant
Divines
,
he
was
much
astonished
,
and
admired
how
he
was
so
much
changed
from
that
which
he
knew
him
to
be
at
Paris
:
and
withall
he
fretted
exceedingly
that
they
had
gotten
a
Spaniard
amongst
them
,
presuming
that
they
would
triumph
more
in
him
then
in
many
Germanes
:
whereupon
he
left
no
means
untryed
to
draw
him
back
again
to
the
Church
of
Rome
:
He
is
tempted
.
sometimes
making
large
profers
and
promises
to
him
,
other-sometimes
threatning
severe
punishments
,
and
mixing
both
with
earnest
entreaties
:
He
also
advised
him
by
no
means
to
stay
at
Ratisbon
till
the
Emperours
coming
;
for
(
saith
he
)
that
cannot
be
without
great
danger
to
you
;
rather
haste
to
his
Court
and
beg
your
pardon
.
Also
at
another
conference
Malvenda
asked
him
wherefore
he
was
to
Ratisbone
?
His
conference
with
Malvenda
.
Diazius
answered
that
he
was
sent
thither
by
the
Senate
of
Strasborough
,
that
he
might
join
his
Prayers
with
the
Prayers
of
the
Church
,
and
in
the
publick
conference
might
endeavor
reconcilement
as
much
as
he
could
in
those
Articles
which
were
to
be
disputed
of
.
Then
(
said
Malvenda
)
you
are
come
hither
in
vain
,
for
nothing
will
be
concluded
at
this
conference
:
but
if
you
would
do
good
,
you
should
rather
go
to
the
Council
that
the
Pope
hath
begun
at
Trent
.
But
when
by
no
means
he
could
prevail
to
divert
him
from
the
Truth
,
Popish
treachery
.
he
sent
for
his
brother
Alphonsus
Diazius
one
of
the
Popes
Lawyers
,
from
Rome
;
who
hearing
that
his
Brother
was
turned
Protestant
,
came
speedily
into
Germany
,
bringing
a
notorious
cut-throat
with
him
,
resolving
either
to
divert
or
destroy
him
:
when
he
came
to
Ratisbone
,
Diazius
was
departed
to
Neoburg
about
the
printing
of
Bucers
Book
:
which
Alphonsus
hearing
of
,
followed
him
thither
,
carrying
with
him
Letters
to
Iohn
Diazius
from
Malvenda
,
wherein
he
wished
him
to
obey
his
Brother
Alphonsus
who
would
give
him
good
Counsel
.
When
Alphonsus
came
to
Neoburg
,
his
Brother
Iohn
wondred
to
see
him
there
,
asking
him
the
cause
of
his
so
unlooked
for
presence
:
after
some
other
excuses
,
at
length
he
told
him
that
he
had
undertook
that
long
and
dangerous
journey
to
recall
him
into
the
bosome
of
the
Church
:
Hereupon
they
had
much
conference
about
matters
of
Religion
,
He
is
tempted
.
and
at
length
Alphonsus
told
him
that
he
had
five
hundred
Ducats
per
annum
in
Church
revenues
,
all
which
he
would
make
over
to
him
if
he
would
go
with
him
to
Rome
:
But
when
by
no
means
he
could
prevail
with
him
,
Devillish
hypocrisie
fetching
a
deep
sigh
he
said
,
Brother
,
I
perceive
the
constancy
of
your
Faith
●nd
your
unmoveablness
in
adhering
to
the
Doctrine
of
the
Gospel
to
be
so
great
,
that
you
have
almost
drawn
me
unto
your
opinion
:
Yea
upon
further
discourse
he
seemed
to
be
in
love
with
the
Doctrine
of
the
Gospel
,
and
thereupon
perswaded
Iohn
to
leave
Germany
which
abounded
with
learned
men
,
and
where
there
was
less
use
of
him
,
and
to
go
with
him
into
Italy
,
Rome
,
and
Naples
,
there
to
spread
his
Doctrine
privately
,
whereby
also
he
might
have
the
better
opportunity
of
spreading
it
in
Spain
:
but
(
said
he
)
we
will
first
go
to
Trent
,
where
are
many
excellently
learned
men
,
and
from
thence
into
Italy
:
I
beseech
you
therefore
Brother
go
with
me
,
and
I
will
furnish
you
with
all
things
necessary
for
your
journey
.
John
Diazius
being
glad
of
this
,
presently
wrote
to
Bucer
,
and
others
at
Ratisbone
for
their
advice
what
he
should
do
:
They
counselled
him
by
no
means
to
stir
or
go
with
his
brother
.
He
is
advised
not
to
go
with
his
brother
.
Then
Alphonsus
being
frustrate
of
his
hope
,
intreated
him
at
least
to
bear
him
company
to
Auspurg
:
But
in
the
interim
Bucer
coming
to
Neoburg
would
not
suffer
him
to
stir
a
foot
,
neither
would
leave
him
till
his
brother
Alphonsus
was
gone
.
Alphonsus
hereupon
three
days
after
came
to
take
his
leave
of
his
brother
,
where
he
had
much
conference
with
him
,
exhorting
him
to
charity
and
constancy
in
the
profession
of
the
true
Religion
,
and
at
last
would
needs
thrust
fourteen
Crowns
into
his
brothers
hand
,
willing
him
therewith
to
buy
new
cloths
,
and
so
they
parted
not
without
tears
.
Next
morning
the
wagon
being
ready
to
depart
wherein
Alphonsus
and
his
cut-throte
were
to
pass
to
Auspurg
,
the
two
brothers
again
took
their
leaves
with
tears
,
and
so
Alphonsus
set
forward
and
came
to
Auspurg
;
but
privately
the
next
day
,
he
and
his
cut-throte
returned
to
Neoburg
,
and
by
the
way
they
bought
an
hatchet
of
a
Carpenter
,
and
so
stayed
all
night
at
a
Village
near
Neoburg
,
and
the
next
morning
very
early
went
thither
disguised
that
they
might
not
be
known
,
and
leaving
one
to
hold
their
horses
under
an
hedge
,
they
entered
into
the
City
,
so
soon
as
the
gates
were
open
,
and
going
strait
to
the
Ministers
house
where
Iohn
lodged
,
the
Executioner
knocked
at
the
door
,
and
when
a
youth
came
,
he
asked
him
for
Iohn
Drazius
;
the
youth
answered
that
he
was
in
bed
:
Go
(
said
this
villain
)
and
tell
him
that
I
have
brought
him
Letters
from
his
brother
:
Iohn
hearing
this
(
being
in
bed
with
Senarcleus
his
intimate
friend
)
presently
leaped
up
,
cast
a
cloke
a
bout
him
,
and
so
went
into
a
stove
which
was
over
against
his
chamber
door
,
then
calling
for
the
messenger
;
he
went
in
to
him
,
leaving
Alphonsus
at
the
stair-foot
,
and
presented
the
Letters
to
him
;
the
effect
whereof
was
the
assoon
as
he
came
to
Auspurg
,
he
understood
that
he
was
in
great
danger
,
and
therefore
out
of
his
brotherly
love
to
him
to
advised
him
to
beware
of
Malvenda
&
such
as
he
,
who
being
Enemies
to
Christ
went
about
to
shed
his
blood
,
&c.
Iohn
being
busie
in
reading
these
Letters
,
He
is
basely
murthered
.
the
Executioner
that
stood
at
his
back
,
plucked
forth
his
hatchet
,
and
stroke
it
into
the
temple
of
this
holy
man
in
the
right
side
of
his
head
,
even
to
the
helve
,
which
in
a
moment
so
deprived
him
of
sense
that
he
made
no
noise
,
and
least
the
fall
of
his
body
should
make
a
noise
this
villain
caught
it
in
his
arms
,
and
laid
it
own
,
and
so
went
down
the
stairs
softly
to
his
Master
Alphonsus
,
and
both
of
them
immediately
repaired
to
their
horses
and
fled
.
They
of
Neoburg
hearing
of
this
horrible
fact
,
sent
out
certain
Horsemen
to
pursue
the
murtherers
:
who
coming
to
Auspurg
,
and
hearing
that
hey
were
passed
the
City
,
being
out
of
hope
to
overtake
them
,
returned
:
only
one
,
more
zealous
then
the
rest
,
The
murtherers
apprehended
.
would
not
return
but
pursued
them
still
,
and
in
the
City
of
Oenopont
,
caused
them
to
be
apprehended
,
and
cast
into
Prison
.
And
Otto
the
Palatine
being
informed
of
all
these
passages
,
sent
to
the
Magistrates
,
requiring
Judgement
against
them
:
Escape
unpunished
.
The
Magistrates
at
first
seemed
very
forward
:
But
in
conclusion
,
through
the
practice
of
the
Papists
,
and
crafty
Lawyers
suborned
by
them
,
judgement
was
deferred
from
day
to
day
,
till
the
Emperours
Letters
came
in
post
haste
to
stop
their
further
proceedings
,
pretending
to
reserve
the
cause
to
his
own
hearing
.
And
thus
this
terrible
murther
of
Cain
and
his
fellow
was
slipped
over
by
man
:
yea
this
unnatural
act
was
highly
commended
by
the
Papists
:
Gods
judgement
upon
Alphonsus
.
But
the
Lord
would
not
suffer
such
an
unnatural
villany
to
go
unpunished
;
for
not
longer
after
,
he
was
so
dogged
,
and
haunted
by
the
Furies
of
his
own
Conscience
,
that
being
at
Trent
,
when
the
Council
was
held
there
;
he
hanged
himself
about
the
neck
of
his
own
Mule
,
fix
years
after
the
murther
was
committed
,
viz.
An.
Christi
.
1551
,
GASPER
CRVCIGER
The
Life
of
Cruciger
,
who
dyed
An.
Chri.
1548.
GAsper
Cruciger
was
born
at
Lipsich
in
Misnia
,
His
birth
.
An.
1504.
His
Fathers
name
was
George
,
a
man
who
was
endowed
with
many
virtues
,
His
fathers
plety
.
but
especially
to
be
commended
for
that
in
those
perillous
times
he
did
not
onely
embrace
the
Celestial
Truth
himself
,
but
brought
up
this
his
son
in
the
knowledge
and
study
of
it
to
the
great
benefit
of
the
Church
.
His
Mother
also
was
eminent
for
piety
.
This
Gasper
was
melancholy
by
nature
,
and
of
a
retired
disposition
:
much
in
meditation
,
and
of
few
words
.
His
education
.
Being
principled
in
the
Latine
,
he
learned
Greek
,
and
profited
much
therein
,
and
so
went
to
the
University
of
Wittenberg
,
that
having
studied
Divinity
there
,
he
might
be
the
more
useful
to
the
Church
:
He
studies
Hebrew
.
He
studied
also
the
Hebrew
tongue
,
and
grew
very
exquisite
therein
:
From
thence
he
was
called
to
govern
the
School
at
Magdeburg
,
where
he
taught
with
much
profit
,
and
applause
to
Anno
Christi
1527.
In
somuch
as
many
of
riper
years
,
yea
some
Clerks
came
to
be
his
hearers
,
So
that
his
School
growing
too
little
for
his
Auditory
,
he
was
removed
into
a
larger
.
But
after
a
while
he
was
called
back
to
Wittenberg
,
He
is
called
back
to
Wittenberg
.
where
he
preached
,
and
expounded
the
Scriptures
with
so
much
dexterity
,
the
he
was
graced
with
the
degree
of
a
Doctor
;
In
that
University
he
studyed
and
practised
Physick
also
,
and
was
so
much
delighted
therewith
,
His
delight
in
simples
.
and
he
endeavoured
to
know
the
nature
of
Herbs
and
Plats
,
and
what
Diseases
they
were
good
for
:
whereupon
he
planted
two
Gardens
with
his
own
hands
,
which
with
singular
industry
he
furnished
with
variety
of
Simples
,
and
made
many
excellent
Medicines
which
did
much
good
.
By
reason
of
his
Learning
,
He
assists
in
translating
the
Bible
.
and
candid
nature
he
was
very
dear
to
Luther
,
and
was
very
helpful
to
him
in
his
Translation
of
the
Bible
.
He
wrote
so
swiftly
,
that
he
was
chosen
Scribe
at
the
Disputation
at
Worms
,
Anno
Christi
1540.
and
yet
withall
suggested
to
Melancthon
many
things
for
answer
to
Eccius
his
subtilties
,
insomuch
that
Glanvel
(
who
supplyed
the
Emperours
room
)
said
of
him
,
His
learning
.
That
the
Lutherans
has
a
Scribe
that
was
more
learned
then
all
the
Pontificians
.
Hee
took
by
characters
a
great
part
of
Luthers
Lectures
and
Sermons
,
which
afterwards
he
wrote
out
a
large
,
and
faithfully
printed
them
after
Luthers
death
.
He
published
also
some
Commentaries
of
his
own
upon
the
Psalms
,
His
works
.
and
the
Gospel
of
Saint
Iohn
,
which
are
of
excellent
use
to
the
learned
.
He
was
a
fine
and
smooth
Orator
,
and
always
abhorred
the
vain
phancies
of
phanatick
persons
,
cleaving
to
the
Truth
without
deviation
.
The
preachers
pattern
.
He
shunned
in
his
Sermons
strange
and
uncouth
expressions
by
which
erroneous
persons
oft
disturb
the
peace
of
the
Church
.
He
always
opposed
the
Anabaptistical
Errors
,
and
was
very
careful
to
preserve
the
Truth
from
corruptions
.
He
often
contemplated
the
footsteps
of
God
in
Nature
,
saying
with
Paul
,
That
God
was
so
near
unto
us
,
that
he
might
almost
be
felt
with
our
hands
.
He
studyed
the
Mathematicks
in
his
latter
time
,
He
studyes
the
Mathematicks
.
and
grew
so
skilful
therein
that
few
excelled
him
:
He
was
excellent
also
in
the
Opticks
:
but
with
his
excessive
pains
,
and
incessant
studies
night
and
day
,
he
contracted
to
himself
a
mortal
disease
,
His
last
sickness
.
whereby
he
wasted
away
,
and
yet
his
intellectuals
decayed
not
:
he
lay
sick
for
above
three
months
,
all
which
time
he
gave
forth
clear
and
notable
demonstrations
of
his
Faith
,
Patience
and
Piety
.
He
called
up
his
two
young
daughters
,
and
caused
them
to
repete
their
Prayers
before
him
,
and
then
himself
prayd
with
great
fervency
for
himself
,
the
Church
,
and
those
his
Orphans
,
Prayer
of
Faith
.
concluding
,
Invoco
te
quanquam
languidâ
&
imbecillâ
fide
,
sed
fide
tamen
;
credo
promissioni
tuae
,
quam
sanguine
tuo
&
resurrectione
obsignasti
,
&c.
I
call
upon
thee
with
a
weak
,
yet
with
a
true
Faith
,
I
believe
thy
promises
which
thou
hast
sealed
to
me
with
thy
Blood
and
Resurrection
,
His
carriage
in
sickness
.
&c.
In
his
sickness
he
intermitted
not
his
studies
;
for
during
the
same
,
he
turned
into
Latine
Luthers
books
concerning
the
last
words
of
David
:
he
read
he
Psalms
,
and
other
Authors
:
His
ordinary
discourse
with
his
friends
was
about
the
Principles
of
Religion
,
the
admirable
government
of
the
Church
,
Immortality
,
and
our
sweet
Communion
in
Heaven
.
Upon
the
sixth
of
November
there
was
a
great
Chasm
,
A
wonder
.
or
opening
in
the
Heavens
,
and
in
some
places
fire
fell
to
the
Earth
,
and
flew
up
into
the
ayr
again
:
This
Cruciger
saw
,
as
he
lay
in
his
bed
in
the
night
,
and
thereupon
much
bewayled
the
great
commotions
and
dissipations
in
the
Church
,
with
he
forelaw
by
this
Prodigie
:
He
spent
the
few
days
which
remained
,
in
Prayer
and
Repentance
,
His
death
.
and
so
quietly
ended
his
days
.
Nov.
16.
Anno
Christi
1548.
and
of
his
Age
45.
Considering
the
mutability
of
all
Earthly
things
,
he
used
often
to
say
,
Omnia
praetereunt
,
praeter
amare
Deum
.
Besides
Gods
love
nothing
is
sure
,
And
that
for
ever
doth
endure
.
He
was
a
man
of
an
excellent
wit
,
His
character
.
whose
daily
and
indefatigable
labors
were
not
only
very
useful
to
the
University
of
Wittenberg
,
but
even
to
forraign
Nations
and
Churches
.
He
had
a
plentiful
knowledge
of
the
Celestial
Doctrine
,
which
by
his
ardent
Piety
and
assistance
of
the
Holy
Ghost
was
daily
encreased
in
him
.
He
was
so
exact
and
ready
in
the
Hebrew
tongue
,
that
he
easily
excelled
all
others
that
joined
with
him
in
the
translation
of
the
Bible
.
In
his
Sermons
and
speeches
he
had
a
sound
Judgement
joyned
with
an
Eloquent
Tongue
.
He
shewed
the
greatness
of
his
minde
by
his
exact
knowledge
and
skill
in
the
Mathematicks
,
wherein
he
was
deservedly
accounted
inferiour
to
none
.
And
these
gifts
he
adorned
with
many
other
excellent
vertues
,
with
gravity
,
constancy
,
and
moderation
in
every
condition
,
with
bounty
toward
strangers
,
and
hearty
love
to
his
friends
:
His
works
.
He
published
sundry
Commentaries
upon
the
Psalms
,
Iohn
,
and
the
first
Epistle
of
Paul
to
Timothy
.
Lectures
upon
two
Articles
of
the
Nicene
Creed
.
He
turned
many
of
Luthers
Lectures
and
Sermons
out
of
Dutch
into
Latine
,
and
others
out
of
Latine
into
Dutch
.
The
Life
of
Matthias
Zellius
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1548.
MAtthias
Zellius
was
born
in
Alsatia
,
His
birth
and
education
.
in
a
Town
called
Keisersberg
,
Anno
Christi
1477.
and
was
trained
up
in
Learning
by
his
Parents
from
his
childhood
,
and
afterwards
set
to
the
Publick
Schools
:
From
whence
he
went
to
the
University
,
where
his
proficiency
was
very
exemplary
:
And
being
well
grounded
in
the
Arts
,
he
commenced
Master
of
Arts
;
and
then
applyed
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
.
Not
long
after
he
went
to
Strasborough
,
He
is
ordained
a
Minister
and
Paster
in
Strasborough
.
where
he
was
Ordained
a
Minister
;
and
Anno
Christi
1522.
he
was
made
Pastor
of
S.
Lawrence
Church
:
At
which
time
Luthers
Doctrine
spreading
abroad
,
Zellius
compared
it
with
the
Doctrine
of
his
Adversaries
the
Papists
;
and
upon
mature
deliberation
and
examination
,
imbraced
that
of
Luther
,
His
conversion
.
whereupon
he
began
publickly
to
defend
it
,
perswading
the
Citizens
of
Strasborough
to
entertain
it
.
Assoon
as
the
Bishop
heard
hereof
,
he
cited
him
to
appear
in
his
Court
,
and
caused
twenty
four
Articles
to
be
drawn
up
against
him
,
amongst
which
these
were
some
:
Articles
against
him
.
That
he
taught
Iustification
by
Faith
:
That
be
defended
Luther
:
That
he
Preached
against
the
Mass
:
Held
the
Marriage
of
Priests
lawful
:
Denyed
the
Primacy
of
the
Bishop
of
Rome
,
and
Humane
Traditions
:
Hereupon
Zellius
An.
Chr.
1523.
published
a
Book
wherein
he
answered
this
charge
,
His
constancy
.
justified
his
Doctrine
,
and
shewed
reasons
why
he
appeared
not
before
the
Bishop
.
From
this
time
forward
he
was
much
hated
by
the
Popish
Clergy
,
and
went
through
many
dangers
for
asserting
the
Truth
yet
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
he
,
Reformation
in
Strasborough
.
with
some
others
,
so
far
prevailed
,
that
the
Magistrates
of
Strasborough
cast
our
Popery
,
and
embraced
the
Reformed
Religion
,
Anno
Christi
1529.
Zellius
therefore
was
the
first
Preacher
of
the
Truth
in
te
Church
of
Strasborough
:
His
assistants
.
To
whom
after
a
good
while
,
Symphorianus
,
an
ancient
Pastor
of
S.
Martins
Church
adjoined
himself
,
who
formerly
had
been
very
loose
in
his
carriage
,
and
therefore
the
people
did
the
more
admire
this
great
change
in
him
;
yea
some
of
his
former
acquaintance
,
led
by
his
example
,
did
shake
off
Popery
,
and
embraced
the
Truth
:
and
truly
these
two
were
rather
Popular
Preachers
then
learned
:
Yet
Zellius
was
a
man
of
singular
piety
:
And
not
long
after
Anthony
Firnius
,
Minister
of
S.
Thomas
Church
,
joined
himself
to
them
,
and
was
the
first
Minister
in
that
City
that
marryed
a
wife
:
Yea
after
a
while
there
came
thither
Martin
Bucer
,
Capito
,
and
D.
Gaspar
Hedio
,
learned
and
eminent
men
,
who
more
strongly
carryed
on
the
work
of
Reformation
in
Strasborough
,
viz.
An.
Chr.
1523.
Zellius
continued
a
faithful
and
painful
Pastor
in
his
Church
till
the
year
1548.
His
death
.
and
of
his
Age
71.
at
which
time
it
pleased
God
to
translate
him
from
Earth
to
Heaven
,
after
he
had
been
a
Preacher
in
Strasborough
about
26
years
.
He
was
a
man
famous
,
not
for
Learning
only
,
His
character
.
but
for
other
Christian
vertues
,
especially
Modesty
,
Temperance
,
and
Charity
:
He
had
a
good
wit
,
was
of
an
Innocent
and
blameless
Life
:
Preached
the
Truth
purely
,
and
was
free
from
pride
.
Not
only
a
Theoretick
,
but
a
Practical
Divine
:
What
he
taught
,
he
first
practised
himself
,
and
had
a
special
care
of
the
Poor
.
Being
on
a
time
invited
to
supper
by
one
of
his
Colleagues
,
he
found
much
Plate
set
upon
his
Cupboard
,
at
which
he
was
so
offended
,
that
he
went
away
without
his
supper
:
and
afterwards
in
private
so
far
prevailed
with
him
,
that
he
sold
his
Plate
,
and
was
more
open-handed
to
the
Poor
.
He
wrote
many
things
,
His
works
.
but
,
not
seeking
his
own
honour
,
would
never
suffer
them
to
he
printed
:
yet
afterwards
some
few
were
published
:
As
his
Catechism
in
Dutch
:
An
Explication
of
certain
heads
in
Divinity
:
A
defence
of
the
Christian
Religion
.
An
Oration
wherein
he
defended
the
Marriage
of
Ministers
.
As
also
of
the
Decalogue
,
Lords
Prayer
,
and
Belief
.
The
Life
of
Vitus
Theodorus
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1549.
VItus
Theodorus
was
born
at
Norinberg
,
His
birth
and
education
.
one
of
the
most
famous
Cities
in
Germany
:
and
after
he
had
been
trained
up
in
his
Country
School
,
he
went
to
Wittenberg
,
where
he
continued
many
years
,
applying
himself
hard
to
his
studies
,
and
by
his
diligence
,
and
attending
upon
the
Lectures
both
publick
and
private
,
he
made
such
a
progress
in
Learning
,
that
he
commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
with
the
good
approbation
of
the
University
:
After
which
he
betook
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
and
attained
to
an
excellent
measure
of
knowledge
therein
:
So
that
he
was
very
dear
to
Luther
both
for
the
eminent
gifts
of
his
minde
,
and
for
the
holiness
of
his
Life
,
as
also
to
Melancthon
:
Both
whose
Lectures
he
daily
attended
upon
,
and
heard
with
much
diligence
,
and
by
his
good
will
would
never
be
from
their
sides
:
He
went
with
Luther
,
An.
Chr.
1530.
to
Coburg
in
the
confines
of
Franconia
,
during
the
Diet
at
Auspurg
:
He
was
also
often
present
at
the
Imperial
Diets
which
met
about
Religion
,
where
he
disputed
wit
the
Adversaries
about
the
Principal
heads
of
the
Controversies
.
He
was
called
to
be
a
Pastor
at
Norinberg
,
his
own
country
,
where
he
preached
the
Gospel
of
Jesus
Christ
with
great
zeal
and
Eloquence
,
to
the
great
profit
of
his
hearers
,
and
that
for
many
years
together
in
the
Church
of
Sebald
,
till
it
pleased
God
to
put
an
end
to
his
labors
,
by
translating
him
out
of
this
vale
of
tears
into
his
Everlasting
Kingdom
,
Anno
Christi
1549.
Scripsit
Annotationes
breves
into
tota
Biblia
Germanica
:
His
works
.
utilem
Ecclesiae
operam
navavit
Lutheri
Colligendis
expoliendisque
Commentariis
in
Prophetam
Micheam
,
&
in
priora
undecem
Geneseos
capita
.
The
Life
of
Paulus
Fagius
,
who
dyed
An.
Ch.
1550.
PAulus
Fagius
was
born
in
the
Palatinate
,
His
birth
.
An.
Chr.
1504.
of
mean
parents
:
His
Father
was
Peter
Buchlin
,
who
was
Schoolmaster
of
Taberna
Rhenana
,
the
Town
where
this
Paul
was
born
.
His
education
.
His
Mothers
name
was
Margaret
.
His
Father
brought
him
up
in
his
own
School
till
he
was
eleven
years
old
,
and
then
sent
him
to
Heidleberg
,
where
he
was
educated
under
John
Brentius
and
Martin
Frechtus
till
he
was
about
18
years
old
,
and
then
he
went
to
Strasborough
,
He
teaches
School
.
where
he
taught
School
to
supply
his
necessities
for
some
years
:
and
the
study
of
the
Tongues
beginning
about
this
time
to
be
in
request
,
He
studies
the
Tongues
.
he
applyed
himself
thereto
,
and
became
familiar
with
the
most
eminent
therein
,
as
Capito
,
Hedio
,
Bucer
,
Zellius
,
&c.
who
also
were
happy
reformers
of
the
Church
of
Christ
at
that
time
.
Anno
Christi
1527.
having
attained
some
competent
knowledge
in
the
Languages
,
and
other
Learning
;
being
compelled
by
poverty
,
His
poverty
.
he
removed
to
Isna
,
where
also
he
taught
School
,
and
by
his
diligence
,
and
virtuous
carriage
,
approved
himself
to
all
:
There
also
he
married
a
wife
,
and
growing
more
famous
he
was
called
to
the
Ministry
,
and
to
a
Pastoral
charge
:
But
the
studie
of
the
Tongues
flourishing
most
at
Strasborough
,
whither
many
Exiles
resorted
for
that
end
,
he
returned
thither
again
,
and
read
Hebrew
to
some
with
good
success
.
His
diligence
.
And
yet
in
the
mean
time
he
so
followed
the
study
of
Divintiy
,
and
applyed
himself
to
Preaching
,
that
after
two
years
space
he
returned
with
his
Family
to
his
friends
more
learned
and
better
accommodated
with
outward
things
.
Anno
Christi
1537.
He
is
made
Pastor
at
Isna
.
he
was
recalled
to
Isna
to
a
Pastoral
charge
,
which
he
discharged
with
good
credit
for
about
five
years
;
spending
his
spare-time
in
the
study
of
the
Hebrew
,
wherein
he
profited
to
a
miracle
,
so
that
it
was
believed
that
those
later
ages
never
produced
a
more
learned
man
in
the
Hebrew
then
Fagius
:
He
is
an
excellent
Hebrician
.
He
made
use
also
of
a
learned
Iew
,
called
Elias
Levita
,
whom
he
sent
for
to
him
from
Venice
:
and
amongst
his
other
friends
there
was
one
Senator
of
Isna
most
dear
unto
him
,
called
Peter
Bufler
,
He
sets
up
a
Press
.
by
whose
assistance
he
set
up
a
Press
,
and
published
some
Books
for
the
Publick
good
:
and
when
he
was
faln
into
want
,
the
said
Bufler
was
very
bountifull
to
him
:
But
finding
that
place
not
so
fit
for
his
purpose
,
he
thought
of
changing
his
seat
again
.
Whilst
he
was
at
Isna
,
Anno
Christi
1541.
a
great
Plague
brake
forth
,
which
caused
many
(
especially
the
richer
sort
)
to
leave
the
place
:
Yet
before
their
departure
,
by
his
zealous
and
fervent
Sermons
and
Exhortations
,
His
carriage
in
a
Plague-time
.
he
prevailed
with
some
to
stay
,
and
with
others
to
leave
their
alms
behinde
them
for
the
relief
of
the
indigent
.
He
prevailed
also
with
the
Senate
,
upon
the
Publick
purse
to
hire
fit
persons
to
take
care
of
the
sick
:
and
Fagius
himself
all
the
time
of
the
Infection
went
up
and
down
night
and
day
to
comfort
those
that
were
visited
,
refusing
none
,
no
not
the
Poorest
;
so
all
acknowledged
it
no
less
then
a
miracle
▪
that
he
was
preserved
in
so
contagious
a
time
.
About
the
same
time
the
Plague
raged
much
at
Strasborough
,
and
amongst
others
snatched
away
Wolfgang
Capito
,
whose
place
continued
void
for
a
year
after
,
viz.
to
the
year
1542.
whereupon
the
Commonwealth
of
Constance
,
which
was
associated
with
them
of
Strasborough
in
Religion
,
by
their
Prayers
and
messengers
prevailed
to
get
him
to
Strasborough
,
His
remove
to
Strasborough
.
first
for
two
years
,
and
afterwards
for
two
years
more
:
Though
before
this
Philip
Prince
of
Hassia
had
designed
him
for
a
Professor
in
his
University
of
Marpurg
.
About
the
beginning
of
the
German●
war
,
Frederick
the
second
Prince
Elector
Palatine
,
purposing
to
reform
the
Churches
within
his
Dominion
,
made
choice
of
Fagius
(
who
was
famous
for
his
Eloquence
and
Doctrine
)
for
that
work
;
His
remove
to
Heidleberg
.
whereupon
he
sent
for
him
to
Heidleberg
to
be
a
Preacher
there
.
During
his
abode
at
Heidleberg
he
published
divers
Books
which
were
very
useful
for
those
that
studyed
the
Hebrew
Tongue
:
whereupon
it
seemed
good
to
Bucer
,
Martyr
,
and
H●dio
,
who
were
the
ordinary
Professors
of
Divinity
in
that
University
,
that
each
other
week
he
should
read
an
extraordinary
Divinity
Lecture
:
and
that
when
any
of
them
were
hindred
by
business
or
sickness
,
he
should
supply
their
rooms
.
Anno
Christi
1548.
Caesar
having
prevailed
in
the
war
against
the
Protesta●●
,
Religion
goes
to
ruine
.
the
progress
of
Religion
was
hindred
in
the
Palatinate
,
and
the
Interim
began
to
be
pressed
with
great
violence
:
and
it
was
resolved
that
the
godly
Ministers
should
be
banished
,
especially
such
as
by
reason
of
their
great
imployments
stood
as
a
brazen
wall
in
the
way
of
Antichrist
:
amongst
whom
Fagius
was
one
,
His
constancy
.
who
notwithstanding
all
the
threats
of
the
Papists
,
continued
constant
and
unmoveable
in
the
Truth
.
The
sufferings
of
these
godly
Divines
grew
famous
in
forreign
Nations
,
whereupon
Bucer
and
Fagius
were
sent
for
by
Cranmer
into
England
,
where
they
arrived
Anno
Christi
1549.
and
were
honorably
entertained
by
Doctor
Cranmer
,
in
his
own
house
,
where
they
were
instrumental
to
the
great
encrease
of
Religion
.
Also
by
Cranmer
they
were
set
upon
the
Translation
of
the
Bible
,
with
brief
notes
:
to
which
they
added
an
enucleation
of
hard
Texts
,
and
a
reconciliation
of
seeming
contradictions
in
Scr●pture
.
The
Bible
translated
.
In
this
work
Fagius
undertook
the
Old
Testament
,
and
Bucer
the
New
:
But
the
work
was
hindred
by
the
sickness
of
them
both
,
His
death
.
and
the
death
of
Fagius
,
who
being
taken
with
a
Feaver
about
the
end
of
the
Dog-days
,
for
change
of
Ayr
was
carryed
to
Cambridge
,
where
the
13.
of
November
,
he
ended
his
days
joyfully
,
An.
Chri.
1550.
and
of
his
Age
45.
but
not
without
the
suspition
of
Poyson
,
and
was
there
honorably
buryed
:
Yet
afterwards
in
Queen
Maries
time
An.
Chr.
1556.
Popish
malice
.
he
was
condemned
of
Heresie
,
his
bones
digged
up
and
burned
to
ashes
.
He
was
tall
of
stature
,
His
character
.
of
a
swarthy
complexion
under
a
severe
countenance
,
full
of
curtesie
,
and
very
Eloquent
in
his
Ministry
.
He
translated
out
of
Hebrew
,
His
works
.
Thisbites
Heliae
▪
Apothegmata
Patrum
;
Sententias
morales
Ben
Syr●
:
Precationes
Hebraicas
:
A
little
Tractate
written
by
a
Iew
that
turned
Christian.
Expositionem
dictionum
Hebraicarum
in
quatuor
capita
Geneseos
,
●ui
ad●icitur
Paraphrasis
Chaldaica
Onkel
.
Comment.
R.
David
Kimbi
in
decem
primos
Psalmos
,
Targum
.
i.
e.
paraphrasis
Onkeli
Chaldaica
in
5
libros
Mosis
,
with
divers
others
.
MARTIN
BVCER
The
Life
of
Martin
Bucer
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1551.
MArtin
Bucer
was
born
at
Selestade
in
Alsatia
,
His
birth
.
Anno
Christi
1491.
being
of
an
excellent
wit
,
he
entred
very
young
into
the
Monastery
of
the
Dominicans
there
,
and
afterwards
by
consent
of
the
Prior
,
His
education
.
he
went
to
Heidleberg
for
the
encrease
of
Learning
;
and
having
gone
through
other
Arts
,
he
studied
Divinity
,
together
with
the
Greek
and
Hebrew
Tongues
:
whilst
he
was
there
he
met
with
and
read
Erasmus
and
Luthers
Works
,
whereupon
he
began
to
dis-rellish
Popery
;
and
Frederick
Prince
Elector
Palatine
being
much
pleased
with
his
Eloquence
,
and
singular
Humanity
,
as
also
with
his
clear
and
strong
Voice
,
and
freedom
in
reproving
the
vices
of
men
,
by
the
instigation
of
Sir
Francis
Sickengen
chose
him
to
be
his
Minister
,
He
is
made
Preacher
at
Heidleberg
.
so
that
he
Preached
often
in
Heidleberg
and
elsewhere
.
During
his
abode
in
that
place
Luther
came
thither
,
His
Conversion
.
whom
he
heard
disputing
against
Free
Will
,
which
kindled
in
his
Breast
the
first
sparks
of
the
Divine
Truth
,
which
by
his
conversing
with
Luther
were
further
encreased
.
His
zeal
.
Afterwards
going
with
his
Prince
into
the
Low-countries
,
he
Preached
freely
against
the
Superstitions
and
sins
of
the
times
,
and
began
to
bethink
himself
of
leaving
his
Order
,
Popish
malice
.
whereupon
the
Monks
lay
in
wait
to
take
away
his
Life
:
but
escaping
thence
,
he
went
to
Sir
Francis
Sickengen
,
who
sheltered
him
from
danger
,
(
till
the
Controversies
about
Religion
were
determined
)
in
his
Castle
at
Naustall
;
An.
Chr.
1521.
and
when
Luther
was
sent
for
to
the
Diet
at
Worms
,
He
goes
with
Luther
to
Worms
.
he
went
along
with
him
,
and
after
some
converse
,
he
embraced
and
defended
his
cause
:
Not
long
after
War
arising
between
Sickengen
,
His
troubles
.
and
Trevir
,
Bucer
finding
that
he
could
not
follow
his
studies
in
the
midst
of
those
tumults
,
craved
leave
to
depart
,
and
obtained
it
:
but
a
Neighbor
Pastor
of
Wissenburg
intreated
him
to
Preach
in
his
charge
,
which
he
did
till
by
the
unhappy
fall
of
Sickengen
,
they
were
both
driven
thence
by
the
prevailing
power
,
so
that
he
fell
into
great
danger
.
About
this
time
the
seeds
of
the
reformed
Religion
began
to
be
sown
in
Strasborough
by
Matthew
Zellius
,
He
goes
to
Strasborough
.
and
Gasper
Hedio
,
Sigismund
Count
of
Hohenl●
favoring
them
:
to
whom
therefore
Bucer
went
,
and
was
curteously
entertained
,
and
Anno
Christi
1523.
was
appointed
publick
Preacher
in
the
Church
,
and
to
read
Divinity
in
the
Schools
.
These
Colleagues
excelling
in
Wit
,
Eloquence
and
Zeal
,
did
propa●●te
the
Gospel
of
Christ
notably
in
that
City
,
Reformation
in
Strasborough
.
and
the
year
after
published
in
Print
the
reasons
why
they
changed
the
Mass
into
the
Lords
Supper
,
&c.
which
Book
they
dedicated
to
Frederick
the
Elector
Palatine
.
This
Book
was
subscribed
by
Capito
,
Hedio
,
Zellius
,
Pollio
,
Niger
,
John
Latomus
,
F●rn
,
Hag
,
and
Bucer
:
Hereupon
the
Senate
of
Strasborough
by
a
general
Vote
reformed
their
City
,
casting
out
Popery
,
and
establishing
the
pure
Gospel
of
Christ
.
An.
Chr
1529.
when
the
Gospellers
agreed
not
in
all
things
amongst
themselves
,
a
conference
was
appointed
at
Marpurg
,
between
Luther
and
Zuinglius
,
A
disputation
at
Marpurg
.
whereupon
Bucer
with
Hedio
,
went
thither
,
and
had
much
discourse
with
them
,
wherein
they
agreed
upon
all
points
of
Divinity
,
except
about
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
,
and
so
parted
friendly
,
resolving
ab
omni
contentione
in
posterum
abstinendum
utrinque
esse
:
Deumque
orandum
ut
Spiritu
suo
erudiat
ducatque
:
that
both
sides
should
abstain
from
contention
,
&c.
The
year
following
at
Auspurg
he
disputed
with
the
Papists
,
He
disputes
with
the
Papists
.
and
had
a
large
testimony
for
his
Learning
,
and
modesty
,
hearing
his
Adversaries
patiently
,
rather
seeking
Truth
then
Victory
,
and
answering
them
mildly
,
yet
strongly
:
He
took
much
pains
to
reconcile
the
difference
between
Luther
and
Zuinglius
about
the
Lords
Supper
,
A
blessed
peace-maker
.
fore-seeing
the
great
mischief
that
that
difference
would
bring
upon
the
Church
.
An.
Chr.
1531.
the
Citizens
of
Vlm
sent
for
him
to
Reform
their
Churches
,
He
reforms
Vlm.
where
he
with
Oecolampadius
performed
the
trust
put
in
him
with
much
prudence
and
faithfulness
.
He
was
so
studious
of
peace
,
that
some
said
he
complyed
too
much
with
Luther
in
that
Doctrine
,
against
which
he
had
formerly
both
Preached
and
Written
.
Whereupon
in
the
Moneth
of
May
Anno
Chr●sti
1533.
he
went
to
Zurick
,
and
there
in
an
Assembly
of
the
Ministers
of
the
Church
,
he
purged
himself
from
the
suspition
of
revolt
,
His
Apology
at
Zurick
.
shewing
that
he
did
still
retain
the
same
Doctrine
concerning
the
Supper
of
the
Lord
which
he
had
formerly
professed
,
and
had
defended
in
the
Disputation
at
Bern
against
the
Adversaries
thereof
,
and
that
by
the
grace
of
God
he
would
continue
therein
to
his
lives
end
:
but
yet
that
it
seemed
to
him
that
Luther
dissented
from
Zuinglius
rather
in
words
then
in
Doctrine
and
very
deed
:
He
requested
also
the
Ministers
of
Zurick
that
they
would
not
attempt
,
nor
write
any
thing
more
bitterly
against
Luther
,
by
reason
of
that
Epistle
which
he
had
sent
to
the
Magistrates
of
Franckford
.
To
this
they
of
Zurick
answered
,
that
they
admitted
his
excuse
:
yet
withall
shewed
him
out
of
that
Epistle
what
Luther
seemed
to
think
of
the
Supper
of
the
Lord
,
and
what
was
to
be
expected
of
them
hereafter
,
withall
telling
him
that
they
were
determined
with
Gods
help
to
remain
in
that
Doctrine
which
they
had
taught
hitherto
in
the
Church
of
Zurick
,
till
they
were
otherwise
convinced
out
of
the
holy
Scriptures
▪
and
in
the
mean
time
they
would
do
what
might
conduce
to
peace
,
so
that
the
Truth
was
not
wronged
,
and
so
they
dismissed
Bucer
lovingly
and
honorably
.
Anno
Christi
1537.
He
encouraged
the
Senate
of
Strasborough
to
erect
a
School
,
in
which
himself
taught
.
His
imployments
.
He
was
present
at
many
Disputations
and
Conferences
,
wherein
he
carryed
himself
with
singular
prudence
:
He
was
one
of
the
Disputants
at
Ratisbone
against
Eccius
,
and
others
of
the
Popish
party
:
in
which
he
grew
acquainted
with
John
Gropper
,
who
,
at
his
return
,
commended
him
so
much
to
Herman
Archbishop
of
Collen
,
that
he
sent
for
Bucer
to
assist
him
in
the
Reformation
of
his
Churches
,
Hermannus
sends
for
him
.
yet
afterwards
that
Gropper
became
a
deadly
Enemy
to
Bucer
,
and
the
honest
Archbishop
was
first
Excommunicated
by
the
Pope
,
and
then
thrust
out
of
his
Government
by
the
Emperour
.
Anno
Christi
1548.
the
Emperour
with
the
consent
of
the
Princes
chose
some
moderate
men
to
write
a
form
for
amendment
of
the
Doctrine
and
Discipline
of
the
Church
;
The
Interim
made
.
the
persons
imployed
therein
were
,
Julius
Pslug
,
Michael
Helding
,
Iohn
Agricola
,
Phil.
Melancthon
,
and
Iohn
Brentius
,
these
wrote
a
Book
which
was
called
the
Interim
.
Hereupon
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
wrote
to
the
Senate
of
Strasborough
,
entreating
them
to
send
Martin
Bucer
to
him
:
For
(
saith
he
)
the
Emperour
seeing
how
loth
the
Pope
is
to
have
a
Council
,
hath
thought
of
another
way
,
so
that
good
men
hope
there
will
be
an
amendment
of
things
in
the
Church
.
Bucer
comming
to
Auspurg
,
lodged
with
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
who
shewed
him
the
Book
,
and
told
him
that
it
was
written
with
as
great
moderation
as
could
be
,
and
therefore
perswaded
him
to
approve
thereof
:
Bucer
disowns
it
.
but
when
Bucer
had
perused
it
,
he
refused
to
allow
it
,
for
that
there
were
many
Popish
Doctrines
contained
therein
:
At
this
the
Elector
was
very
angry
,
and
the
Lord
of
Granvel
was
very
earnest
with
him
to
subscribe
it
,
but
he
would
by
no
means
be
drawn
thereto
,
and
so
he
returned
home
with
great
danger
of
his
life
,
going
through
the
Country
of
Wittenberg
,
which
was
full
of
Spanish
Souldiers
.
Shortly
after
his
return
to
Strasborough
,
the
Interim
was
by
the
Emperour
obtruded
upon
them
:
A
persecution
about
the
Interim
.
and
the
Protestant
Divines
were
everywhere
in
great
danger
;
Some
being
dragged
unto
Prison
,
and
others
driven
into
Exile
:
and
it
so
fell
out
by
Gods
Providence
that
the
fame
of
Bucers
suffering
with
his
Colleagues
flew
into
England
,
where
the
Reformation
of
Religion
was
begun
under
Edward
the
sixth
:
whereupon
Thomas
Cranmer
Archbishop
of
●anterbury
by
his
Letters
earnestly
sollicited
Bucer
with
P.
Fagius
to
come
into
England
;
He
is
sent
for
into
England
.
and
when
they
saw
no
hope
of
recovering
their
liberty
in
Germany
,
they
assented
,
and
went
over
Anno
Christi
1549.
by
the
consent
of
the
Senate
of
Strasborough
,
and
at
their
arrival
were
kindely
entertained
,
especially
by
the
Archbishop
,
who
shortly
after
provided
them
houses
at
Cambridge
,
His
imployment
there
.
that
there
they
might
be
imployed
in
the
interpretation
of
the
Sacred
Scriptures
:
Bucer
had
also
a
stipend
of
240
Crowns
per
annum
setled
upon
him
,
that
with
his
Family
he
might
live
comfortably
amongst
strangers
:
He
was
also
imployed
in
interpreting
the
New
Testament
,
wherein
he
began
with
the
Gospel
of
John
:
He
had
such
a
dexterity
in
reconciling
seeming
contradictions
in
Scriptures
,
as
was
a
wonder
to
his
Auditors
.
The
English
much
admired
,
as
his
Learning
,
so
his
integrity
of
Life
,
simplicity
of
Apparrel
,
Modesty
,
and
Sobriety
in
his
food
,
his
tolerance
of
Labors
,
and
great
Patience
in
several
Diseases
.
Shortly
after
with
the
change
of
ayr
he
fell
into
a
fit
of
sickness
,
His
sickness
.
which
was
a
pain
in
his
Bowels
,
the
Stone
,
a
nausea●ing
in
his
Stomach
,
Costiveness
,
and
a
violent
Catarh
,
upon
which
diseases
he
lay
sick
for
some
moneths
:
His
indefat●gableness
.
yet
would
he
never
be
idle
,
for
when
he
could
not
go
to
the
Publick
Schools
▪
he
read
his
Lectures
in
his
own
house
:
yet
in
January
following
he
read
again
in
the
Schools
,
though
he
continued
crasie
:
He
had
great
Authority
in
Teaching
,
his
Doctrine
was
excellent
,
his
Life
blameless
,
his
Wisdom
great
,
his
Voice
strong
,
agreeing
with
the
matter
he
delivered
:
He
used
a
modest
freedom
in
noting
mens
manners
;
and
as
he
abhorred
idleness
himself
,
so
neither
would
he
suffer
others
about
him
to
be
idle
:
Thus
exercising
himself
indefatigably
for
thirty
days
together
,
he
fell
into
a
relapse
;
yet
being
a
little
recovered
,
His
sickness
.
he
Commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
:
but
relapsing
a
second
time
,
he
imployed
himself
wholly
in
Heavenly
Meditations
,
and
prayed
God
to
keep
England
from
those
sins
which
had
brought
upon
Germany
so
much
misery
;
and
that
that
form
of
Discipline
which
he
had
written
to
King
Edward
the
sixth
might
be
here
established
.
Mr.
John
Bradford
going
to
Preach
,
told
him
that
he
would
remember
him
in
his
Prayers
,
whereupon
Bucer
weeping
,
said
,
Cast
me
not
off
(
O
my
God
)
in
my
old
age
,
now
when
my
strength
faileth
me
:
withall
adding
.
He
hath
afflicted
me
sore
,
but
he
will
never
,
never
cast
me
off
.
And
being
admonished
to
arm
himself
against
the
temptations
of
Satan
,
His
faith
.
he
answered
,
I
am
wholly
Christs
;
and
the
Devil
hath
nothing
to
do
with
me
;
and
God
forbid
that
I
should
not
now
have
experience
of
the
sweet
consolations
in
Christ
;
and
so
with
sweet
and
heavenly
ejaculations
he
resigned
up
his
spirit
into
the
hands
of
God
,
His
death
.
at
Cambridge
,
February
the
27.
Anno
1551.
of
his
age
61.
and
had
about
three
thousand
persons
attending
him
to
his
grave
:
Walter
Haddon
and
Dr.
Parker
Preached
his
Funeral
Sermons
.
Anno
1556.
Popish
malice
.
in
Queen
Maries
days
he
was
condemned
of
Heresie
,
his
body
digged
up
,
and
,
together
with
his
Books
,
burned
.
Cardinal
Contarene
returning
out
of
Germany
from
the
Disputation
at
Ratisbone
,
being
asked
his
judgement
of
the
Germane
Divines
,
The
Cardinals
testimony
of
him
.
answered
,
Habent
Germani
Martin
.
Bucerum
qui
eâ
ubertate
doctrinae
Theologicae
&
Philosophicae
,
eâ
ctiam
in
disputando
subtilitate
,
&
felicitate
est
insti●uctus
,
ut
unus
ille
nostris
omnibus
Doctoribus
possit
opponi
:
They
have
amongst
others
Martin
Bucer
,
endowed
with
that
excellency
of
Learning
both
in
Theologie
and
Philosophie
,
and
besides
of
that
subtilty
and
happiness
in
Disputation
,
that
he
only
may
be
set
against
all
our
learned
men
.
Omnia
hujus
viri
opera
Latina
,
His
works
.
&
Germanica
si
in
unum
conjungerentur
,
justa
magnitudinis
Tomos
9
efficerent
:
ex
quibus
cognoscere
licebit
quanta
in
Bucero
Eruditio
,
cura
,
vigilantia
,
peritia
,
quanta
fuerit
in
agendo
dexteritas
,
in
reformandis
,
conciliandisque
Ecclesiis
authoritas
,
atque
felicitas
.
The
Life
of
Gaspar
Hedio
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1552.
GAspar
Hedio
was
born
at
Etling
,
His
birth
▪
and
education
.
in
the
Marquisat
of
Baden
,
of
honest
Parents
,
and
educated
in
Learning
at
Friburg
,
where
also
he
Commenced
Master
of
Arts
;
and
from
thence
went
to
Basil
,
where
he
studyed
Divinity
,
and
Commenced
Doctor
Anno
Christi
1520.
About
which
time
the
glorious
Gospel
of
Jesus
Christ
beginning
to
appear
in
Germany
,
Hedio
embraced
and
made
a
profession
of
the
same
,
His
conversion
.
whereupon
being
called
to
Preach
in
the
chief
Church
of
Ments
,
he
taught
the
Truth
plainly
and
powerfully
,
which
when
the
tender
and
delicate
Ears
of
many
would
not
endure
,
a
persecution
was
raised
up
against
him
,
especially
by
the
Popish
Clergy
,
which
caused
him
to
leave
Ments
,
and
go
to
Strasborough
,
He
goes
to
Strasborough
.
An.
Chr.
1523.
where
he
was
a
great
assistant
to
Capito
and
Bucer
in
reforming
Religion
by
the
command
of
the
Senate
,
Reformation
at
Strasborough
.
though
the
Papists
gnashed
their
teeth
at
it
:
For
the
same
year
the
Senate
commanded
their
Preachers
that
they
should
teach
the
Gospel
freely
and
Publickly
,
and
that
they
should
instil
into
their
hearers
the
Love
of
God
and
their
Neighbors
,
yet
withall
,
that
they
should
abstain
from
reproaching
the
contrary
opinions
,
and
from
scandalous
provoking
the
people
against
them
.
Anno
Christi
1523.
His
marriage
.
Hedio
marryed
a
wife
,
and
though
the
Papists
raised
a
great
persecution
in
that
City
against
him
,
yet
he
Preached
boldly
against
Masses
,
Indulgences
,
Auricular
Confession
,
&c.
and
wrote
against
them
also
.
And
when
the
Senators
of
Strasborough
the
year
after
set
forth
in
Print
the
reasons
,
grounded
upon
Scripture
,
why
they
made
that
alteration
in
Religion
,
Hedio
with
his
Colleagues
subscribed
it
:
and
withall
,
they
published
certain
Propositions
,
wherein
they
strongly
defended
their
Doctrine
to
be
grounded
upon
the
Word
of
God
.
Anno
Christi
1543.
He
is
sent
for
to
〈◊〉
.
when
Herman
Archbishop
of
Collen
began
a
Reformation
,
he
sent
for
Bucer
and
Hedio
to
assist
him
therein
,
knowing
them
to
be
men
of
very
quiet
dispositions
,
and
very
fit
to
instruct
the
people
:
But
awhile
after
when
Caesar
came
to
Bonna
,
they
were
in
great
danger
by
reason
of
his
Spanish
Souldiers
,
and
at
last
by
the
command
of
Caesar
they
were
dismissed
from
Ments
,
His
danger
and
return
.
and
through
many
difficulties
and
dangers
they
returned
to
Strasborough
.
What
time
he
could
spare
from
his
Ministerial
imployment
,
His
diligence
.
he
spent
in
writing
Commentaries
and
Histories
,
of
which
a
great
part
afterwards
were
published
in
Print
,
whereby
he
deserved
excellently
of
the
Church
;
and
so
continued
Preaching
and
Writing
till
the
year
1552.
at
which
time
it
pleased
God
to
put
an
end
to
his
labors
on
Earth
,
His
death
.
and
to
translate
him
to
his
Heavenly
Kingdom
:
concerning
whom
one
made
this
Epigram
.
Argentina
,
tuis
Hedio
pia
dogmata
templis
Sincerâ
docuit
Religione
Dei.
Cumque
tibi
pietas
sit
,
priscaque
gloria
cordi
,
Non
poteris
tanti
non
meminisse
viri
.
He
published
a
Sermon
about
Tithes
.
His
works
.
An
Historical
Synopsis
,
wherein
he
enlarged
Sabellicus
to
the
year
1538.
He
corrected
Chronicon
Abbatis
Vspergensis
:
adding
many
remarkable
matters
from
the
year
1512
to
1537.
He
wrote
Chronicon
Germanicum
:
Besides
a
great
many
Histories
and
other
Books
which
he
translated
into
Dutch
.
As
he
maintained
peace
and
friendship
with
his
Colleagues
,
so
he
held
correspondence
with
most
of
the
learned
men
of
that
Age.
And
amongst
others
Nicholas
Gerbeline
thus
writes
,
Mira
mihi
est
cum
Hedione
familiaritas
:
Hebraica
&
Graeca
studia
communia
:
ingeniorum
rara
quaedam
aequalitas
:
Deus
faxit
ne
malus
aliquis
discordiam
interserat
:
Scis
enim
nihil
iniquiùs
ferre
Daemonem
quam
sinceras
amicitias
.
The
Life
of
Oswald
Myconius
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1552.
OSwald
Myconius
was
born
at
Lucern
in
Helvetia
,
His
birth
and
education
.
Anno
Christi
1488.
and
was
first
trained
up
in
his
Country
School
:
after
which
he
went
to
Basil
,
and
there
betook
himself
to
the
study
of
the
Arts
and
Tongues
,
which
he
prosecuted
with
great
diligence
,
and
was
much
delighted
with
the
Works
of
Erasmus
,
and
of
his
Country-man
Henry
Glarianus
,
with
both
of
which
he
was
well
acquainted
,
and
was
highly
prized
by
them
both
for
the
excellency
of
his
wit
,
and
for
his
singular
learning
:
This
was
about
the
year
1514.
His
Learning
being
taken
notice
of
,
He
is
made
a
Schoolmaster
.
he
was
by
the
Magistrates
of
Basil
made
chief
Master
of
Saint
Theodores
School
,
and
awhile
after
of
Saint
Peters
School
,
in
both
which
he
trained
up
many
young
men
,
and
made
them
very
fine
Scholars
.
After
some
years
he
was
called
from
Basil
to
Zurick
to
moderate
a
School
there
,
Removes
to
Zurick
.
where
he
took
great
pains
in
training
up
youth
for
three
years
space
;
at
the
end
whereof
he
was
called
into
his
own
Country
of
Lucern
,
From
thence
to
Lucern
.
and
set
over
the
chief
School
there
:
About
which
time
the
Doctrine
of
the
Gospel
began
to
shine
out
in
all
places
,
His
conversion
.
and
our
Myconius
did
not
only
willingly
and
readily
embrace
it
himself
,
but
was
zealous
to
propagate
it
,
and
for
that
end
endevoured
to
instill
it
into
the
hearts
of
his
Scholars
,
which
were
very
many
,
insomuch
as
the
Popish
party
taking
notice
of
it
,
turned
him
out
of
his
School
,
Anno
Christi
1523.
From
thence
therefore
he
went
back
to
Zurick
,
Goes
back
to
Zurick
.
where
he
was
kindely
entertained
,
and
made
chief
Schoolmaster
again
,
where
he
continued
till
after
Zuinglius
was
slain
in
the
War
,
at
which
time
Learning
and
the
esteem
of
Learned
men
began
to
decay
in
Zurick
,
whereupon
he
returned
to
Basil
,
Thence
to
Basil
.
and
giving
over
the
troublesome
Office
of
a
Schoolmaster
,
he
was
made
Deacon
of
the
Church
of
S.
Alban
,
He
is
made
a
Deacon
.
where
he
preached
diligently
till
the
death
of
John
Oecolampadius
,
and
then
he
took
up
his
Divinity
Lecture
,
and
began
to
expound
the
Gospel
of
S.
Mark
,
which
he
performed
so
well
,
that
very
many
Auditors
frequented
his
Lectures
.
About
this
time
the
Magistrates
of
Basil
consulted
about
surrogating
one
in
the
Pastoral
Office
of
Oecolampadius
:
and
(
beyond
his
expectation
)
Myconius
was
nominated
and
appointed
thereto
,
And
a
Pastor
.
and
so
was
made
the
chief
Pastor
in
Basil
,
having
but
a
little
while
supplyed
the
Office
of
a
Deacon
.
In
this
his
Pastoral
Office
he
continued
for
about
twenty
years
with
great
fidelity
and
diligence
,
and
both
by
his
Lectures
and
Ministry
was
very
grateful
to
his
hearers
:
and
the
rather
because
his
courteous
carriage
was
very
pleasing
,
his
Learning
more
then
ordinary
,
and
his
Eloquence
very
popular
.
When
the
great
controversie
about
the
manner
of
Christs
presence
in
the
Sacrament
sprang
up
,
He
adheres
to
Luther
.
Myconius
inclined
to
the
opinion
of
Luther
,
and
often
rendered
his
reasons
for
it
to
his
friends
in
private
:
But
when
,
for
this
some
grudges
were
raised
up
against
him
in
the
University
,
he
voluntarily
laid
down
his
Divinity
Lectures
,
and
wholly
applyed
himself
to
his
Pastoral
Office
,
wherein
he
continued
to
the
end
of
his
life
,
which
fell
out
Anno
Christi
1552.
His
death
.
and
of
his
age
64.
He
wrote
a
learned
and
pious
Exposition
upon
the
Gospel
of
S.
Mark
:
His
works
.
Sermons
upon
Psalm
101.
He
translated
Oecolampadius
his
Catechism
out
of
Dutch
into
Latine
:
He
published
Commentaries
upon
Matthew
,
Luke
,
and
Iohn
,
as
also
upon
the
Prophets
Isaiah
,
Ieremiah
,
and
Ionas
,
besides
some
other
Theological
and
Philological
Works
.
GEORG
PRINCE
OF
ANHALT
The
Life
of
George
Prince
of
Anhalt
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1553.
GEorge
Prince
of
Anhalt
was
born
Anno
Christi
1507.
His
Birth
.
Of
a
very
ancient
and
honourable
Family
.
His
Father
was
Prince
Ernest.
Then
by
the
advice
of
that
grave
,
prudent
man
,
Adolphus
,
Prince
of
Anhalt
,
Bishop
of
Mersburg
,
His
Education
.
he
was
set
to
the
study
of
the
Law
,
wherein
he
shewed
such
industry
,
that
he
was
quickly
acquainted
with
the
principles
of
it
,
and
being
of
a
generous
nature
,
he
loved
the
Truth
,
and
hated
Evils
;
often
using
that
Proverbe
of
Solomon
,
that
,
Lying
lips
become
not
a
Prince
.
Amongst
all
Law-books
,
he
was
most
versed
in
Panormitan
.
Having
thus
prepared
his
Wit
by
these
Studies
,
An.
Chr.
1522
,
His
first
preferment
.
he
was
by
Cardinal
Albert
,
Elector
of
Mentz
,
and
Bishop
of
Magdeburg
,
chosen
to
be
one
of
his
Counsellors
,
whereby
he
was
versed
in
the
weighty
Affairs
of
State
,
finding
the
use
and
benefit
of
his
knowledge
of
the
Law
therein
;
and
being
Eloquent
by
nature
,
the
Cardinal
often
made
use
of
him
to
open
his
mind
to
others
;
so
that
his
judgement
was
encreased
and
confirmed
by
his
industry
and
employments
.
But
the
Controversies
about
Religion
waxing
hot
at
this
time
,
and
Luther's
books
coming
abroad
,
he
fell
to
reading
of
them
,
especially
De
discrimine
Legis
,
&
Evangelii
.
De
vera
paenitentia
.
De
gratia
.
De
fide
.
De
vera
invocatione
.
De
usu
Sacramentorum
.
De
discrimine
legum
divinarum
,
&
humanarum
.
De
discrimine
Ministerii
Evangelici
,
&
Politicae
potestatis
.
Yet
withall
suspecting
his
own
injudiciousness
,
he
would
often
pray
with
teares
to
God
to
incline
his
heart
to
the
Truth
,
saying
,
Deal
with
thy
servant
according
to
thy
mercy
,
and
instruct
me
in
thy
right
eousnesse
.
He
was
frequent
in
reading
the
Scriptures
,
Ecclesiastical
Histories
,
Augustine
,
Hierom
,
and
Lombard
,
having
George
Forcheme
both
for
an
helper
,
and
copartner
with
him
in
those
studies
.
He
studied
also
Greek
and
Hebrew
,
and
was
so
perfect
in
the
Hebrew
that
few
excelled
him
.
He
discoursed
with
Learned
men
about
the
Controversies
;
and
so
at
length
,
having
long
weighed
the
Opinions
of
all
,
he
concluded
,
that
the
Confession
of
the
Reformed
Churches
did
agree
with
the
ancient
Catholick
Church
of
God
,
instructed
by
the
writing●
of
the
Prophets
,
and
Apostles
:
And
though
he
knew
what
hatred
and
danger
he
exposed
himself
to
,
yet
he
made
a
publique
profession
of
the
Truth
;
giving
over
to
joyn
with
the
Papists
in
their
Counsels
,
and
Idolatrous
Services
;
giving
himself
wholly
to
Prayer
,
He
professeth
the
reformed
religion
.
and
reading
the
Scriptures
,
and
other
good
books
:
assisting
his
Brethren
(
with
whom
he
lived
in
perfect
Peace
and
Love
)
exceedingly
in
their
Governments
.
And
first
of
all
,
by
their
joint
consents
,
he
reformed
the
Churches
in
his
own
Country
,
He
reforms
his
Country
.
setting
fit
Pastors
over
them
,
commanding
them
to
teach
the
Word
of
Truth
to
their
people
.
He
abolished
the
Popish
Ceremonies
,
erected
Schooles
,
allowed
competent
stipends
to
the
Ministers
:
so
that
all
things
were
Reformed
without
any
dissention
or
tumult
;
and
many
were
drawn
to
embrace
the
Truth
;
others
were
confirmed
therein
by
the
judgements
and
examples
of
their
pious
Princes
:
And
then
he
was
very
profitable
to
his
Country
by
the
faithful
administration
of
Justice
to
them
an
Christi
1545
he
was
called
to
the
Government
of
the
Churches
in
the
Diocesse
of
Mersburg
,
and
for
that
end
he
sent
for
Phil.
Melancthon
,
and
divers
other
godly
Ministers
,
who
ordained
him
by
the
Imposition
of
hands
,
He
is
ordained
and
gave
him
a
Testimonial
thereof
August
the
third
1545.
Concerning
which
Melancthon
thus
writeth
;
Nos
convocati
,
quia
certe
sciebamus
hunc
illustrissimum
!
rincipem
Georgium
rectè
intelligere
,
&
constanter
amplecti
puram
Evangelii
Doctrinam
,
quam
Ecclesiae
harum
regionum
●navoce
,
&
uno
spirit●
cum
Catholica
Ecclesia
Dei
profitentur
,
&
eximiam
ejus
esse
virtutem
,
&
sanctitatem
:
Testimonium
nostrum
de
eo
,
ritu
Apostolico
,
impositione
manuum
,
declaravimus
,
&c.
He
lived
very
continently
in
a
single
life
,
His
holy
life
.
without
any
defilement
:
His
Chamber
was
a
Temple
,
Academy
,
and
a
Court
;
for
he
used
daily
in
the
same
to
pray
,
read
,
write
,
and
deliberate
about
Government
.
He
never
wronged
any
man
willingly
.
He
did
good
both
privately
and
publickly
to
many
.
He
was
a
great
promoter
of
Peace
among
Princes
.
He
ended
many
Controversies
.
He
abhorred
all
seditious
and
turbulent
counsels
.
He
was
far
from
ambition
.
No
anger
,
hatred
,
or
desire
of
revenge
could
ever
draw
him
to
goe
against
the
Rules
of
Justice
,
or
to
act
any
thing
against
the
common
good
.
Many
,
and
great
injuries
he
bore
with
a
great
minde
,
and
pardoned
them
for
the
publick
peace
sake
:
And
with
the
same
moderation
of
minde
he
bore
other
griefs
,
so
that
it
might
easily
appeare
that
he
was
supported
by
Prayer
to
,
and
resting
himself
upon
God
;
and
as
a
learned
man
,
he
kn●w
the
difference
between
divine
,
and
humane
consolations
,
and
often
repeated
this
saying
,
Subditus
esto
Deo
,
&
ora
eum
,
&c.
Submit
thy self
to
God
,
and
pray
unto
him
;
for
he
is
near
to
those
that
are
of
a
contrite
heart
,
and
will
save
the
humble
in
spirit
.
He
employed
his
time
so
wel
,
His
industry
.
so
that
he
left
none
for
pleasures
;
and
used
to
say
,
That
nothing
refreshed
him
more
in
his
sorrows
,
then
conference
with
learned
and
godly
men
.
About
all
controversies
in
Law
he
used
to
conferre
with
the
excellentest
Lawyers
who
were
wise
and
virtuous
men
:
His
prudence
to
improve
his
parts
.
About
the
nature
of
mans
body
,
the
causes
and
remedies
of
diseases
,
with
the
most
skilful
Physitians
:
About
the
Doctrine
of
the
Church
,
and
Ecclesiastical
Affairs
,
with
Luther
,
Justus
Jonas
,
John
Bugenhag
,
&c.
and
many
of
their
Disputations
,
ful
of
Learning
and
Piety
,
were
heard
to
the
profit
of
many
.
He
conferred
with
Joachim
Camerarius
about
the
Histories
of
all
Ages
,
the
mutation
of
Empires
,
their
period
,
and
the
causes
thereof
;
about
the
Motions
of
the
Heavens
,
and
the
effects
of
the
Stars
.
The
last
act
of
this
Princes
life
shewed
his
Piety
,
and
Gods
presence
with
him
:
For
falling
sick
of
a
most
troublesome
disease
,
he
was
frequent
in
holy
prayer
for
himself
,
for
all
the
Princes
of
that
Family
,
for
his
Country
,
and
for
Germany
.
He
had
some
portions
of
holy
Scripture
daily
read
to
him
.
He
made
his
Will
,
wherein
he
set
downe
the
Confession
of
his
Faith
,
and
commended
the
defense
of
his
Churches
to
his
Brother
.
He
added
something
to
the
stipends
of
all
the
godly
Ministers
under
his
charge
.
He
often
ruminated
upon
those
Texts
,
God
so
loved
the
world
,
that
he
gave
&c.
No
man
shal
take
my
sheep
out
of
my
hand
.
Come
unto
me
all
yee
that
are
weary
,
&c.
and
so
in
holy
meditations
and
prayer
he
resigned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
Anno
Christi
1553
,
and
of
his
Age
,
47.
Amongst
other
parts
of
his
Ecclesiastical
Administrations
,
Synods
.
every
year
he
held
two
Synods
,
wherein
all
the
Pastors
of
his
Diocesse
met
together
,
where
they
had
very
profitable
Sermons
preached
.
He
was
made
Superintendent
of
those
Churches
of
Mersburg
by
Augustus
Duke
of
Saxony
,
His
works
.
brother
to
Maurice
,
Anno
Christi
1544.
His
Works
which
he
left
behind
him
were
these
;
A
Consolatory
Sermon
upon
that
speech
of
our
Saviour
,
None
can
take
my
sheep
out
of
my
hand
.
A
Nuptial
Sermon
preached
at
To●gau
at
the
Mariage
of
the
Duke
of
Saxony
to
Anne
the
King
of
Denmarks
Daughter
.
Four
Sermons
about
the
Sacrament
.
A
Consolation
to
his
Brother
Wolphgang
in
his
Sicknesse
.
Two
Sermons
against
False
Prophets
.
Sermons
containing
an
assertion
of
the
true
Doctrine
in
the
Reformed
Churches
.
A
Tractate
about
the
Apostolical
Rite
of
Ordination
used
in
the
Reformed
Churches
.
His
opinion
about
the
controverted
Articles
published
by
Selneccerus
.
He
was
of
such
constancy
of
Life
and
Manners
,
His
Constancy
.
that
it
might
truly
be
said
of
him
which
Dion
said
of
the
Emperor
Marcus
Antonniuus
,
In
omni
vitâ
sui
similis
,
nec
ullâ
unquam
in
re
mutatus
fuit
.
Itaque
verè
fuit
vir
bonus
,
nec
fictum
,
aut
simulatum
quicquam
habuit
.
The
Life
of
Justus
Jonas
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1555.
JUstus
Jonas
was
born
at
Northusa
Anno
Christi
1493
,
His
Birth
.
where
his
Father
was
a
Senator
,
who
falling
sick
of
the
Plague
,
having
applyed
an
Onion
to
the
Soar
,
and
taken
it
off
,
he
layd
it
by
him
;
presently
after
,
this
little
Jonas
coming
,
A
miracle
of
mercy
.
took
the
Onion
and
eat
it
up
,
yet
without
any
prejudice
to
himself
;
God
miraculously
preserving
him
from
that
danger
.
He
was
at
first
brought
up
at
School
in
his
own
Country
.
Afterwards
being
sent
to
a
publick
School
,
he
studied
Law
,
and
made
a
good
progress
therein
:
but
upon
better
thoughts
,
he
studied
Divinity
,
and
proceeded
Doctor
,
His
Conversion
and
embraced
the
Reformed
Religion
,
and
was
called
an
.
Christi
1521
to
a
Pastoral
Charge
in
Wittenberg
:
His
call
to
Wittenburg
.
And
when
sundry
Controversies
arose
,
especially
about
abrogating
private
Masse
,
and
the
Prince
Elector
of
Saxony
feared
lest
the
abolishing
of
it
should
cause
great
tumults
,
Jonas
with
his
Colleagues
went
to
him
,
and
rendred
such
reasons
for
it
,
that
the
Prince
acquiesced
therein
.
He
was
present
at
most
of
the
Disputations
about
Religion
,
where
he
defended
the
Truth
strenuously
▪
and
endeavoured
to
promote
Peace
.
He
was
also
made
a
Professor
in
that
University
,
where
he
publickly
read
Divinity
Lectures
,
and
bore
all
Offices
in
the
Schooles
.
Anno
Christi
1533
he
created
sundry
Doctors
of
Divinity
,
as
Gasper
Cruciger
,
His
employment●
in
the
School●●
.
John
Bugenhag
Pom●ranus
,
and
John
Aepinus
,
Pastor
of
the
Church
of
Ha●borough
:
At
which
Commencement
John
Frederick
Elector
of
Saxony
was
present
,
and
was
much
delighted
with
the
Eloquent
Speeches
made
by
Justus
Jonas
.
Anno
Christi
1539
,
He
reforms
some
Churches
when
Henry
Duke
of
Saxony
,
who
had
embraced
the
Reformed
Religion
,
and
was
admitted
into
the
League
of
Smalcald
,
succeeded
his
Brother
George
in
the
Government
of
Misnia
and
Thuringia
,
he
presently
by
the
advice
of
Luther
and
his
Colleagues
,
Reformed
his
Churches
,
Luther
himself
beginning
that
Reformation
;
but
the
carrying
on
,
and
perfecting
that
work
,
was
left
to
the
care
of
Justus
Jonas
,
with
Spalatine
and
Ampersdorf
.
From
thence
he
was
called
unto
Hale
in
Saxony
,
He
is
called
to
Hale
.
where
he
preached
and
promoted
Religion
exceedingly
:
And
whilst
he
was
imployed
there
,
he
was
not
only
very
useful
to
those
Churches
,
but
was
sent
to
from
divers
others
for
advice
and
counsel
,
and
being
a
man
of
a
publick
spirit
,
he
was
never
wanting
to
those
that
craved
his
help
.
Luther
sometimes
resorted
thither
to
him
,
and
took
him
along
with
him
in
his
last
journey
to
Is●eben
,
anno
Christi
1546
,
where
he
dyed
:
After
whose
death
he
remained
a
while
in
the
Duke
of
Saxony's
Court
,
and
was
a
constant
companion
of
John
Frederick's
Sonnes
in
all
their
afflictions
.
And
lastly
,
he
was
set
over
the
Church
in
Eisfield
,
and
was
made
Superintendent
of
the
Franconian
Churches
within
the
Principality
of
Coburg
,
His
death
.
where
he
ended
his
daies
in
much
peace
and
comfort
,
Anno
Christi
1555
,
and
of
his
age
63.
He
was
a
man
of
an
excellent
Wit
,
of
great
Industry
,
His
Character
.
of
much
Integrity
of
life
,
joyned
with
Piety
.
Whilst
Luther
lived
he
was
his
faithful
friend
,
and
most
dear
to
him
.
Most
of
the
famous
men
of
that
age
were
his
great
friends
.
On
a
time
Luther
coming
to
his
house
,
drank
to
him
out
of
a
curious
glass
,
adding
this
Distich
ex
tempore
,
Dat
vitrum
vitr●●
Jonae
vitrum
ipse
Lutherus
:
Ut
vitro
fragili
similem
se
noscat
uterque
.
Being
once
under
Temptations
,
and
in
great
Agony
,
he
shewed
much
despondencie
,
His
T●●tation
.
but
his
servant
,
partly
by
comforting
him
,
&
partly
by
chiding
him
,
cheared
him
up
,
and
at
last
,
through
God's
mercy
,
the
Spirit
prevailed
against
the
flesh
.
He
published
a
Defence
of
the
mariage
of
Ministers
against
John
Faber
the
patron
of
whoredoms
:
His
works
.
An
Oration
about
the
study
of
Divinity
.
Annotations
upon
the
Acts
:
About
privat
Masse
,
and
the
Unction
of
Priests
.
He
turned
some
of
Luthers
works
into
Latin
.
The
Life
of
John
Rogers
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1555.
JOhn
Rogers
was
born
in
England
,
and
brought
up
at
the
Universitie
of
Cambridg
,
His
birth
and
education
.
where
he
profited
very
much
in
good
learning
,
and
from
thence
was
chosen
by
the
Merchant
Adventurers
to
be
their
Chaplain
at
Antwerp
,
to
whom
hee
preached
many
years
,
He
goes
to
Antwerp
.
and
there
falling
into
acquaintance
with
Will
Tindal
,
and
Miles
Coverdal
(
who
were
fled
thither
from
persecution
in
England
)
he
,
by
heir
means
,
profited
much
in
the
knowledg
of
Jesus
Christ
,
His
conversion
.
and
joyned
with
them
in
that
painful
and
profitable
work
of
Translating
the
Bible
into
English
,
and
being
much
enlightened
thereby
in
the
saveing
knowledge
of
Jesus
Christ
,
he
cast
off
the
heavy
yoake
of
Popery
,
perceiving
it
to
be
impure
,
and
filthy
Idolatry
.
There
he
married
a
wife
▪
and
from
thence
he
went
to
Wittenberg
,
His
mariage
.
He
goes
to
Wittenberg
.
where
he
much
profited
in
learning
,
and
grew
so
skilfull
in
the
Dutch-tongue
,
that
he
was
chosen
pastor
to
a
Congregation
and
discharged
his
office
with
diligence
,
and
faithfulness
for
many
years
:
His
returm
to
England
.
But
in
King
Edward's
time
,
hee
was
sent
for
home
by
Bishop
Ridley
,
and
was
made
a
Prebend
of
Pauls
,
and
the
Deane
and
Chapter
chose
him
to
read
a
Divinity
Lecture
in
that
Church
,
in
which
place
hee
preached
faithfully
till
Queen
Mart's
dayes
;
And
in
the
beginning
of
her
Reign
,
in
a
Sermon
at
Paul's
Cross
,
His
zeale
,
and
courage
.
he
exhorted
the
people
constantly
to
adhere
to
tha●
Doctrine
which
they
had
been
taught
:
and
to
beware
of
pestilent
Poperie
,
Idolatrie
,
and
superstition
,
for
which
he
was
called
before
the
Lords
of
the
Council
,
where
he
made
a
stout
,
wittie
,
and
godly
answer
,
yet
withall
carried
himself
so
prudently
,
that
for
that
time
he
was
dismissed
:
But
after
the
Queen's
Proclamation
against
True
Preaching
came
forth
,
he
was
again
called
(
the
Bishops
thirsting
for
his
blood
)
and
committed
Prisoner
to
his
own
house
,
His
courage
and
constancy
.
whence
he
might
have
escaped
;
and
had
many
motives
,
as
his
wife
,
and
ten
children
,
his
friends
in
Germanie
,
where
he
could
not
want
preferment
,
&c.
But
being
once
called
to
answer
in
Christ's
Cause
,
he
would
not
depart
,
though
to
the
hazard
of
his
life
.
From
his
owne
house
,
he
was
removed
by
Bonner
to
Newgate
amongst
thieves
,
and
murtherers
for
a
great
space
.
At
length
he
was
againe
carried
before
the
Lords
of
the
Councill
,
His
usage
before
the
Councell
.
where
the
Lord
Chancellor
[
Steven
Gardener
]
taunted
,
reviled
,
and
checked
him
,
not
suffering
him
to
speak
his
mind
,
and
so
remanded
him
to
prison
:
whereupon
he
wrote
thus
:
I
was
compelled
to
leave
off
what
I
would
have
most
gladly
spoken
,
and
therefore
I
desire
the
most
hearty
,
and
unfeigned
prayers
of
all
Christs
true
members
,
the
true
imps
of
the
true
Catholique
Church
:
that
the
Lord
God
of
all
consolation
will
now
be
my
comfort
,
aid
,
strength
,
buckler
,
and
shield
:
as
also
of
all
my
brethren
who
are
in
the
same
case
,
and
distresse
;
that
I
,
and
you
all
may
despise
all
manner
of
threats
,
and
cruelty
,
and
even
the
bitter
burning
fire
,
and
the
dreadfull
dart
of
death
,
and
stick
like
true
soldiers
to
our
deare
,
and
loving
Captaine
Christ
,
our
onely
Redeemer
,
and
Saviour
▪
and
the
onely
true
head
of
the
Church
;
that
doth
all
in
us
all
;
that
we
doe
not
traiterously
run
out
of
his
tents
,
or
rather
out
of
the
plaine
field
from
him
in
the
heat
of
the
Battell
:
But
that
we
may
persevere
in
the
fight
(
if
he
please
not
otherwise
to
deliver
us
)
till
we
be
most
cruelly
slaine
of
his
enemies
.
For
this
I
most
heartily
,
and
even
with
teares
most
instantly
,
and
earnestly
desire
you
all
to
pray
:
And
if
I
dye
,
to
be
good
to
my
poore
,
and
most
honest-wife
,
being
a
poore
stranger
,
and
to
all
my
little
soules
,
her
,
and
my
children
,
&c.
The
next
day
he
was
brought
before
the
Councell
againe
,
and
the
third
day
also
,
where
he
met
with
the
like
usage
,
and
when
by
no
means
they
could
remove
him
from
his
constancy
,
Steven
Gardener
read
his
sentence
of
condemnation
,
His
condemnation
.
Degraded
him
,
and
so
delivered
him
over
to
the
secular
power
;
Declaring
that
he
was
under
the
great
curse
,
and
that
it
was
a
vengeable
dangerous
matter
to
eat
,
or
drink
with
him
,
or
to
give
him
any
thing
:
for
that
all
that
did
so
should
be
partakers
of
the
same
curse
.
His
speech
upon
i●
.
Then
said
Mr
Rogers
:
Well
my
Lord
,
here
I
stand
before
God
and
you
,
and
all
this
Honorable
audience
,
and
take
him
to
witnesse
,
that
I
never
wittingly
,
and
willingly
taught
any
false
Doctrine
,
and
therefore
have
I
a
good
conscience
before
God
and
all
good
men
.
I
am
sure
that
you
,
and
I
shall
come
before
a
righteous
Judge
,
before
whom
I
shall
be
as
good
a
man
as
you
:
and
I
nothing
doubt
but
I
shall
be
found
then
a
true
member
of
Jesus
Christ
,
and
everlastingly
saved
.
And
as
for
your
false
Church
you
needed
not
to
have
excommunicated
me
out
of
it
,
for
I
have
not
lived
in
it
these
twenty
yeares
,
the
Lord
be
thanked
for
it
.
Then
he
desired
that
his
wife
(
to
whom
he
had
been
married
eighteen
years
,
and
by
whom
he
had
ten
children
,
and
the
being
a
stranger
)
might
be
admitted
to
come
to
him
whil'd
he
lived
:
Gardners
cruelty
.
But
Steven
Gardner
,
the
then
Lord
Chancellor
,
would
by
no
means
suffer
it
.
Febr.
4th
,
Anno
Christi
1555.
He
was
warned
suddenly
by
the
keepers
wife
of
Newgate
to
prepare
himselfe
for
the
fire
,
who
then
being
sound
asleep
could
scarce
be
awaked
with
much
jogging
:
He
is
warned
to
pre●are
for
death
.
At
length
being
awaked
,
and
raised
,
he
was
bid
to
make
hast
:
If
it
be
so
,
said
he
,
I
need
not
tie
my
points
,
and
so
he
was
presently
had
away
to
Bonner
to
be
degraded
,
He
is
degraded
of
whom
he
earnestly
requested
to
be
admitted
to
speak
with
his
wife
,
but
could
not
prevaile
;
From
thence
he
was
carried
into
Smithfield
,
where
scarce
being
permitted
to
speak
to
the
people
,
he
briefly
persuaded
them
to
perseverance
in
that
truth
which
he
had
taught
them
,
which
also
he
was
now
ready
to
seal
with
his
blood
.
Then
was
a
pardon
profered
to
him
if
he
would
recant
,
●is
constancy
.
but
he
utterly
refused
it
.
His
wife
,
with
nine
small
Children
,
and
the
tenth
sucking
at
her
brest
came
to
him
,
but
this
sorrowfull
sight
nothing
moved
him
,
but
in
the
flames
he
washed
his
hand
and
with
wonderfull
patience
took
his
death
,
His
Patience
,
and
Martyrdom
.
all
the
people
exceedingly
rejoycing
at
his
constancie
,
and
praising
God
for
it
.
He
was
the
Proto-Martyr
in
Queen
Marie's
dayes
.
The
Sabbath
before
his
death
he
drank
to
Mr
Hooper
,
who
lay
in
a
chamber
beneath
him
,
〈…〉
bidding
the
Messenger
to
commend
him
to
him
,
and
to
tell
him
,
That
there
was
never
little
fellow
that
would
better
stick
to
a
man
,
then
he
would
to
him
;
supposing
they
should
be
both
burn'd
together
,
although
it
happened
otherwise
.
During
the
time
of
his
imprisonment
strait
search
was
made
in
his
chamber
for
his
writings
,
A
speciall
providence
.
and
papers
,
yet
nothing
was
found
:
But
after
his
death
his
wife
,
and
one
of
his
sons
going
to
his
chamber
to
look
after
them
,
could
find
nothing
,
till
being
ready
to
depart
,
the
boy
espyed
a
black
thing
lying
in
a
corner
under
a
blind
paire
of
staires
,
which
indeed
proved
the
book
they
looked
for
,
containing
a
narration
of
his
examination
,
and
answers
,
whereunto
were
added
these
predictions
.
His
prophesies
If
(
said
he
)
God
look
not
mercifully
upon
England
,
the
seeds
of
utter
destruction
are
sown
in
it
already
by
these
hypocritical
Tyrants
,
and
Antichristian
Prelats
,
double
traytors
to
their
native
Countrey
.
And
yet
they
speak
of
Mercy
,
of
Blessing
,
of
Unity
,
of
the
Catholike
Church
,
&c.
But
this
double
dissimulation
will
be
discovered
one
day
,
when
the
plague
comes
,
which
undoubtedly
will
fall
upon
those
Crown-shorne
Captains
,
and
that
shortly
,
what
soever
the
godly
,
and
the
poore
Realme
suffer
in
the
meane
time
by
Gods
permission
,
and
will
:
For
the
dispersed
English
flock
shall
be
brought
againe
unto
their
former
state
,
or
a
better
(
I
trust
in
the
Lord
God
)
then
it
was
in
innocent
King
Edwards
days
;
and
our
bloody
Babylonian
Bishops
,
with
their
whole
Crown
shorne
company
shal
b●
brought
to
utter
shame
,
rebuke
,
ruine
,
and
destruction
.
For
God
cannot
,
and
undoubtedly
will
not
for
ever
suffer
their
abominable
,
lying
,
false
Doctrine
,
their
hypocrisy
,
bloodthirstinesse
,
whoredoms
,
idlenesse
,
their
pestilent
lives
pamperd
in
all
kinds
of
delights
,
their
Thrasonical
boasting
pride
,
their
malitious
,
envious
,
and
poysonfull
stomacks
which
they
beare
towards
his
poore
afflicted
flock
.
Some
shall
have
their
punishment
here
in
this
world
,
and
they
that
escape
here
shall
not
escape
everlasting
damnation
.
This
shall
be
your
sawce
,
O
yee
wicked
Papists
,
make
yee
merry
as
long
as
yee
may
.
Also
an
honest
Printer
being
his
prison
fellow
,
Mr.
Rogers
said
to
him
.
Thou
shalt
live
to
see
the
alteration
of
Religion
,
and
the
Gospell
to
be
freely
preached
againe
,
and
therefore
have
me
commended
to
my
brethren
,
as
well
in
exile
,
as
others
;
and
bid
them
be
circumspect
it
displacing
Papists
,
and
putting
good
Ministers
into
the
Churches
,
or
else
their
end
will
be
worse
then
ours
.
Whilst
he
lay
in
the
prison
of
Newgate
(
which
was
above
a
yeare
)
he
was
very
merry
,
His
cheerfulnes
&
charity
.
and
earnest
in
all
he
went
about
:
to
the
prisoners
very
charitable
,
and
liberall
;
for
whose
sake
he
made
an
agreement
with
his
fellows
,
that
they
should
eat
but
one
meale
a
day
,
yet
paying
for
two
,
which
overplus
should
be
given
to
them
that
lacked
on
the
other
side
of
the
prison
.
The
Life
of
Laurence
Saunders
,
who
dyed
A
no
Christi
1555.
LAurence
Saunders
was
borne
of
worshipfull
parents
,
His
birth
and
Education
.
brought
up
in
learning
at
Eaton
School
,
and
from
thence
chosen
to
King's
College
in
Cambridg
,
where
he
continued
three
years
,
and
profited
in
learning
very
much
;
Then
by
hi●
mother
▪
(
who
was
very
rich
)
he
was
bound
to
a
Marchant
in
London
,
called
S
ir
William
Chester
.
But
Almighty
God
who
hath
his
secret
workings
in
all
things
,
He
is
bound
an
Apprentice
.
provided
better
imployment
for
his
servant
:
for
he
no
way
liked
that
cours
of
life
:
so
that
when
his
other
fellows
were
busily
imployed
about
their
worldly
affaires
,
he
would
secretly
withdraw
himself
into
some
privat
corner
,
and
there
fall
into
his
solitary
lamentations
.
And
it
fell
out
that
his
Master
(
being
a
good
man
)
one
day
heard
him
in
his
secret
prayers
bewayling
his
condition
,
whereupon
questioning
with
him
,
he
found
that
he
did
not
fansie
that
kind
of
life
;
but
that
his
mind
was
wholly
bent
to
his
book
,
and
spirituall
contemplations
:
upon
this
occasion
his
Master
acquainting
his
friends
with
it
,
gave
him
back
his
Indentures
,
and
released
him
from
his
service
:
He
is
released
.
And
Laurence
Saunders
being
ravished
with
the
love
of
learning
,
especially
with
reading
Gods
Word
,
His
return
to
Cambridg
.
shortly
after
returned
to
Cambridg
,
where
also
he
studied
Greek
and
Hebrew
,
but
especially
the
holy
Scriptures
,
to
fit
himself
for
the
work
of
the
Ministry
:
Frequent
in
prayer
.
He
was
frequent
,
and
very
fervent
in
prayer
,
and
when
assaulted
by
temptations
,
he
still
found
much
support
,
and
comfort
in
prayer
,
whereby
he
gained
such
experience
,
that
he
became
a
great
comforter
of
others
with
the
same
consolations
which
himself
had
found
from
God
.
He
commenceth
Master
of
Arts.
He
Commenced
Master
of
Arts
and
stayed
long
after
in
the
Universitie
.
In
the
beginning
of
King
Edward's
Reign
he
began
to
preach
(
being
first
Ordained
a
Minister
)
and
that
with
such
generall
approbation
,
He
is
Ordained
Minister
.
that
he
was
chosen
to
read
a
Divinity
Lecture
at
Fotheringaie
,
where
by
his
Doctrine
and
life
he
edified
many
,
The
success
of
his
Ministry
.
and
drew
many
ignorant
persons
to
God
,
and
stopped
the
mouths
of
the
adversaries
.
About
this
time
hee
married
a
wife
:
He
ma●ieth
a
wife
.
and
from
thence
was
removed
to
the
Minster
of
Liechfield
,
where
also
he
,
by
his
life
and
Doctrine
,
gat
a
good
report
even
from
his
adversaries
for
his
learning
and
godlines
.
His
remove
to
Li●hfield
.
From
thence
he
was
removed
to
Church
Langton
in
Leicestershire
,
where
he
taught
diligently
,
and
kept
a
bountifull
house
,
Then
into
Lecestershire
.
and
from
thence
to
Alhollows
in
Breadstreet-London
;
Then
to
London
.
and
after
his
admission
there
,
he
went
back
into
the
Countrey
to
resigne
his
Benefice
,
which
fell
out
when
Queen
Mary
raised
stirs
to
get
the
Crown
,
by
reason
whereof
hee
could
not
accomplish
his
purpose
.
Queen
Ma●ies
coming
in
.
In
his
journey
he
preach'd
at
Northampton
,
not
medling
with
the
state
,
but
boldly
delivering
his
conscience
against
Popish
Doctrine
,
His
zeal
▪
and
errors
;
which
(
said
he
)
are
like
to
spring
up
again
,
as
a
just
plague
for
the
litle
love
which
England
hath
born
to
the
true
Word
of
God
,
so
plentifully
offered
to
them
.
Some
of
the
Queens
men
which
were
there
,
He
is
taken
prisoner
.
and
heard
him
,
were
highly
displeased
with
him
for
his
Sermon
,
and
for
it
kept
him
prisoner
amongst
them
for
a
time
:
but
partly
out
of
respect
to
his
brethren
and
friends
which
were
chief
sticklers
for
the
Queen
;
and
partly
because
there
was
no
Law
broken
by
his
preaching
,
they
at
length
dismissed
him
.
And
he
seeing
the
dreadfull
day
approaching
,
His
faithfulnes
.
inflamed
with
godly
zeall
,
preached
faithfully
at
both
his
Benefices
,
not
having
opportunitie
to
resign
either
,
but
into
the
hands
of
Papists
:
And
,
notwithstanding
the
Proclamation
to
the
contrary
,
Preacher's
pattern
.
he
taught
diligently
the
Truth
,
at
his
Countrie
place
where
he
then
was
,
confirming
the
people
,
and
arming
them
against
fals-doctrine
,
till
he
was
not
onely
commanded
to
cease
,
but
by
force
was
resisted
.
Some
counselled
him
to
flie
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
he
refused
;
and
being
hindred
there
from
preaching
,
he
travelled
toward
London
,
to
visit
his
flock
in
that
place
.
But
coming
near
London
,
Master
Mordant
,
one
of
the
Queen's
Councill
,
overtook
him
,
asking
him
whither
he
went
?
I
have
(
said
Mr
Saunders
)
a
Pastorall
charge
in
London
,
A
faithful
Pastor
.
whither
I
am
going
to
instruct
my
people
according
to
the
truth
.
If
you
wil
follow
my
counsel
(
quoth
Mordant
)
let
them
alone
,
and
come
not
at
them
:
But
said
Mr
Saunders
,
how
then
shall
I
be
discharged
before
God
?
If
any
be
sick
,
and
desire
consolation
:
or
if
any
want
good
counsell
,
and
want
instruction
,
or
if
any
should
slip
into
error
,
and
receive
false
Doctrine
.
Then
did
Mordant
ask
him
if
he
did
not
preach
such
a
time
in
Breadstreet
?
Hee
said
,
Yea
:
And
will
you
,
said
Mordant
,
His
courage
&
constancy
.
preach
so
againe
?
Yes
,
said
he
,
to
morrow
you
may
heare
me
there
,
where
I
will
confirme
by
God's
Word
,
all
that
I
then
preached
.
I
would
counsell
you
(
said
the
other
)
to
forbeare
.
Saunders
said
,
if
you
will
forbid
me
by
lawfull
Authority
,
I
must
then
forbear
:
Nay
,
said
Mordant
,
Popish
malice
.
I
will
not
forbid
you
,
and
so
they
parted
.
Mordant
went
presently
to
Bishop
Bonner
,
and
informed
him
of
Master
Saunders
his
purpose
to
preach
the
next
day
:
which
accordingly
he
did
:
and
at
his
lodging
being
somewhat
troubled
in
his
thoughts
,
a
friend
of
his
asked
him
how
he
did
?
Truly
said
he
,
I
am
in
prison
,
till
I
be
in
prison
.
The
Text
which
he
preached
upon
in
the
forenoon
was
2
Cor.
11.
2.
I
am
jealous
over
you
with
godly
jealousy
,
for
I
have
espoused
you
to
one
husband
that
I
may
present
you
as
a
chast
Virgin
to
Christ
:
But
I
feare
least
by
any
meanes
as
the
serpent
beguiled
Eve
through
his
subtilty
,
so
your
minds
should
be
corrupted
from
the
simplicity
that
is
in
Christ
.
In
the
afternoon
he
prepared
himself
to
preach
againe
,
but
Bonner
sent
an
Officer
for
him
,
who
carried
him
to
the
Bishop
,
where
he
found
Mordant
.
The
Bishop
charged
him
with
Treason
for
breaking
the
Queen's
Proclamation
;
and
with
Heresy
and
Sedition
,
for
his
Sermon
;
An
Heretick
he
would
prove
him
to
be
;
because
he
taught
that
the
administration
of
the
Sacraments
,
and
all
orders
of
the
Church
were
most
pure
,
which
came
neerest
to
the
order
of
the
primitive
Church
:
for
(
said
Bonner
)
the
Church
was
then
in
her
infancy
,
and
could
not
abide
that
perfection
,
Bonner
ign●●ance
.
which
afterwards
it
grew
to
by
Ceremonies
.
M.
Saunders
answered
out
of
St.
Augustine
,
that
Ceremonies
were
given
to
the
infirme
,
and
weak
▪
and
that
therefore
it
was
a
signe
of
the
great
perfection
of
the
Primitive
Church
that
it
had
few
Ceremonies
,
whereas
the
Popish
Church
had
many
,
and
those
partly
blasphemous
,
partly
unsavory
,
and
unprofitable
.
After
much
other
discourse
the
Bishop
required
him
to
write
his
judgment
about
Transubstantiation
,
His
courage
.
which
he
did
,
saying
,
You
seek
my
blood
,
and
you
shall
have
it
:
I
pray
God
you
may
be
so
baptized
in
it
,
that
you
may
hereafter
loath
blood-sucking
,
and
become
a
better
man
.
Then
Bonner
sent
him
to
Gardiner
,
where
he
waited
foure
houres
,
in
the
Bishops
absence
,
in
a
roome
,
where
the
Bishops
Chaplaine
,
and
many
of
his
servants
were
merrily
playing
at
Tables
:
At
last
came
the
Bishop
from
the
Court
,
and
after
he
had
dispatched
many
Sutors
,
His
conference
with
Gardiner
being
informed
of
Master
Saunders
,
and
his
cause
,
he
sent
for
him
in
:
Master
Saunders
kneeling
at
the
end
of
the
Table
:
Gardiner
said
to
him
▪
How
happened
it
that
notwithstanding
the
Queens
Proclamation
you
dared
to
preach
?
Saunders
.
Seing
the
perilous
time
now
at
hand
,
I
did
but
according
to
my
duty
exhort
my
flock
to
persevere
and
stand
stedfast
in
the
Doctrine
that
they
had
learned
;
I
also
remembred
those
words
of
the
Apostle
;
That
its
better
to
obey
God
then
man
;
and
what
I
did
,
I
was
moved
thereto
by
my
conscience
.
Gardiner
.
A
goodly
conscience
surely
.
This
your
conscience
could
make
our
Queen
a
Bastard
:
would
it
not
?
Saunders
.
We
declare
no
such
matter
:
But
for
that
let
them
care
whose
writings
are
yet
abroad
to
testify
the
same
,
not
without
the
great
shame
,
and
reproach
of
the
author
.
This
he
said
,
because
Gardiner
to
curry
favor
with
King
Henry
the
eighth
,
had
published
a
book
,
wherin
he
had
openly
declared
Queene
Mary
to
be
a
Bastard
,
And
so
going
forward
,
he
said
;
We
onely
professe
,
and
teach
the
sincerity
,
and
purity
of
Gods
Word
;
which
albeit
it
be
now
forbidden
us
to
publish
with
our
mouths
,
yet
I
doubt
not
but
it
shall
be
sealed
with
our
blood
.
The
Bishop
being
vexed
at
this
free
speech
said
.
Carry
away
this
frensie
foole
to
prison
;
Holy
charity
.
To
whom
he
said
,
I
thanke
God
that
at
last
he
hath
given
me
a
place
of
rest
,
where
I
may
pray
for
your
conversion
.
Hee
continued
in
prison
one
year
,
and
three
months
.
Comfort
in
affliction
.
In
a
letter
to
his
wife
he
thus
writes
;
I
am
merry
,
and
I
trust
I
shall
be
merry
,
maugre
the
teeth
of
all
the
Divels
in
hells
Riches
I
have
none
to
endow
you
with
,
but
that
treasure
of
tasting
how
sweet
Christ
is
to
hungry
consciences
(
whereof
I
thanke
my
Christ
,
The
best
Legacy
.
I
doe
feel
part
)
that
I
bequeath
unto
you
,
and
to
the
rest
of
my
beloved
in
Christ
,
His
zeal
.
&c.
He
was
so
zealous
in
the
defence
of
the
truth
that
he
forbad
his
wife
to
sue
for
his
delivery
,
and
when
other
of
his
friends
had
by
suit
almost
obtained
it
,
he
so
discouraged
them
that
they
ceased
from
following
their
suit
.
Being
at
last
brought
againe
to
examination
,
and
life
being
promised
if
he
would
recant
;
he
answered
.
I
love
my
life
and
liberty
,
if
I
could
enjoy
them
without
the
hurt
of
my
own
conscience
:
A
good
conscience
better
then
life
.
but
by
God's
grace
I
will
abide
the
most
extretremity
that
man
can
do
against
mee
,
rather
then
do
any
thing
against
my
conscience
:
and
when
Gardiner
threatned
him
with
death
,
he
said
Welcome
be
it
,
whatsoever
the
will
of
the
Lord
be
,
A
brave
speech
either
life
or
death
:
and
I
tell
you
truly
,
I
have
learned
to
dye
:
But
I
exhort
you
to
beware
of
shedding
innocent
blood
:
Truly
it
will
cry
aloud
against
you
.
Being
excommunicated
,
degraded
and
condemned
,
he
was
sent
to
Coventry
to
be
burned
.
When
he
came
near
the
place
of
execution
,
His
Martyrd●●e
.
he
went
cheerfully
to
the
stake
,
kissing
it
,
and
saying
,
Welcome
the
Cross
of
Christ
,
Popish
cruelty
Welcome
everlasting
life
.
The
fire
by
his
cruell
enemies
was
made
of
green
wood
,
and
other
smothering
matter
,
His
admirable
patience
.
which
would
not
burne
,
whereby
he
was
put
to
grievous
torments
;
but
the
grace
,
and
plentifull
consolation
of
Christ
,
which
never
forsakes
his
servants
,
gave
him
admirable
strength
and
patience
,
so
that
in
all
,
he
stood
quietly
,
and
at
last
sweetly
slept
in
the
Lord
.
During
his
imprisonment
he
wrote
many
excellent
Letters
,
and
after
his
condemnation
in
a
Letter
to
his
wife
,
and
friends
,
he
thus
writes
.
His
Letter
to
his
Wife
.
Oh
what
worthy
thanks
can
be
given
to
our
gracious
God
for
his
unmeasurable
mercies
plentifully
,
〈◊〉
upon
us
:
And
I
,
most
unworthy
wretch
,
cannot
but
bewail
my
great
ingratitude
towards
so
gracious
a
God
,
and
loving
Father
?
I
beseech
you
all
,
as
for
my
other
many
sins
,
so
especially
for
my
sin
of
unthankfulness
,
crave
pardon
for
me
is
your
earnest
prayers
.
To
number
Gods
mercies
in
particular
,
were
to
number
the
drops
of
water
in
the
Sea
,
the
sands
on
the
sh●re
,
or
the
stars
in
Heaven
.
O
my
dear
Wife
and
Friends
,
rejoyce
with
me
,
I
say
rejoyce
with
thanksgiving
,
for
this
my
present
promotion
,
in
that
I
am
made
worthy
to
magnifie
my
God
,
not
onely
in
my
life
by
my
slow
mouth
,
and
uncircumcised
lips
,
bearing
witness
to
his
truth
,
but
also
by
my
blood
to
seal
the
same
to
the
glory
of
my
God
,
and
confirming
of
his
true
Church
:
I
profess
to
you
that
as
yet
the
comfort
of
my
sweet
Christ
doth
drive
from
me
the
fear
of
death
.
But
if
my
dear
Husband
Christ
doe
for
my
tryall
leave
me
a
little
to
my selfe
,
Alas
I
know
in
what
case
I
shall
then
be
:
but
if
he
doe
,
yet
I
know
that
he
will
not
be
long
,
nor
far
absent
from
me
,
though
he
stand
behind
the
wall
,
yet
he
will
peep
in
at
a
cr●vise
.
He
is
a
tender-hearted
Joseph
,
though
he
speak
roughly
to
his
brethren
,
and
threaten
bondage
to
his
best
beloved
Benjamin
▪
yet
can
be
not
containe
himself
from
weeping
upon
us
,
and
with
us
,
with
falling
on
our
necks
,
and
sweetly
kissing
us
.
Such
,
such
a
brother
is
our
Christ
unto
all
his
,
wherefore
hasten
to
goe
unto
him
,
as
Jacob
did
with
his
sons
and
family
,
leaving
their
Countrey
and
Acquaintance
.
Yea
this
our
Joseph
hath
obtained
for
us
,
that
Pharaoh
the
Infidel
,
shall
provide
us
Chariots
whereby
with
ease
we
may
be
carried
to
him
.
Our
very
adversaries
do
help
us
to
our
everlasting
blisse
,
by
their
speedy
dispatch
,
blessed
be
our
God
.
Fear
not
bugbears
which
lye
in
the
way
;
fear
rather
the
everlasting
fire
,
&c.
My
dear
Wife
,
and
fellow
Heirs
of
the
everlasting
Kingdom
,
always
remember
the
Lord
;
Rejoyce
in
hope
,
be
patient
in
tribulation
,
continue
instant
in
prayer
,
and
pray
for
us
appointed
for
the
slaughter
,
that
we
may
be
unto
our
heavenly
Father
a
fat
offering
,
and
an
acceptable
sacrifice
,
&c.
Farowel
all
in
Christ
,
in
hope
to
be
joyned
with
you
in
everlasting
joy
;
Amen
,
Amen
,
Amen
.
Pray
,
Pray
.
Doctor
Pendleton
,
Doctor
Pendleton
a
turn-coat
.
and
this
Mr
▪
Saunders
meeting
together
in
the
beginning
of
Queen
Maries
reign
,
and
speaking
of
the
Persecution
that
was
like
to
ensue
,
about
which
Master
Saunders
shewed
much
weaknes
,
Proud
presumption
,
and
many
fears
;
Pendleton
said
to
him
,
What
man
?
there
is
much
more
cause
for
me
to
fear
,
than
for
you
,
forasmuch
as
I
have
a
bigge
and
fat
body
,
yet
will
I
see
the
utmost
drop
of
this
grease
of
mine
molten
away
,
and
the
last
gobbet
of
this
flesh
of
mins
consumed
to
ashes
,
before
I
will
forsake
Iesus
Christ
,
and
his
Truth
which
I
have
professed
:
Yet
not
long
after
,
upon
trial
,
poor
,
feeble
,
saint-hearted
Saunders
,
by
the
power
and
goodness
of
God
,
sealed
the
Truth
with
his
blood
:
〈◊〉
whereas
proud
Pendleton
played
the
Apostate
,
and
turned
Papist
.
The
Life
of
John
Hooper
,
who
died
Anno
Christi
1555.
JOhn
Hooper
was
a
Student
and
Graduate
in
the
University
of
Oxford
,
His
Education
where
having
abundantly
profited
in
the
study
of
other
Sciences
,
he
was
stirred
up
with
a
fervent
desire
to
the
love
,
and
knowledge
of
the
Scriptures
,
in
which
study
he
joyned
earnest
prayers
to
his
diligence
,
His
conversion
.
for
the
better
understanding
of
the
same
;
neither
was
the
grace
of
the
Holy-Ghost
wanting
to
satisfie
his
desire
,
and
to
open
to
him
the
light
of
true
Divinity
.
Thus
Mr.
Hooper
growing
more
and
more
in
ripeness
of
spiritual
understanding
,
and
shewing
withall
some
sparks
of
his
fervent
spirit
,
being
about
the
time
when
the
six
Articles
came
out
,
he
was
so
hated
by
some
,
He
leaves
the
University
.
especially
by
Doctor
Smith
,
that
he
was
compelled
to
leave
the
University
,
and
went
to
live
with
Sir
Thomas
Arundel
,
and
was
his
Steward
til
Sir
Thomas
A●undel
(
having
intelligence
of
his
opinions
,
which
he
by
no
means
liked
,
yet
exceedingly
loving
the
conditions
of
the
man
)
found
meanes
to
send
him
on
a
message
to
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
writing
privately
to
the
Bishop
by
his
learned
conference
to
to
doe
some
good
upon
him
,
yet
requiring
him
in
any
case
to
send
him
his
servant
home
again
.
Winchester
had
much
conference
with
him
four
or
five
dayes
together
;
His
conference
with
Gardiner
.
but
when
he
could
doe
no
good
of
him
,
he
sent
him
back
to
Sir
Thomas
Arundel
according
to
his
request
,
much
commending
his
wit
and
learning
,
but
ever
after
bearing
a
secret
grudg
in
his
stomack
against
him
;
so
that
shortly
after
M.
Hooper
was
warned
by
some
private
friends
to
provide
for
his
own
safetie
;
for
that
there
were
underhand
workings
to
apprehend
him
:
Flight
in
persecution
.
whereupon
he
left
the
Kingdome
,
and
went
to
Paris
:
yet
after
a
while
he
returned
again
,
and
liv'd
with
one
Mr.
Sentlow
:
but
understanding
that
snares
were
again
layd
for
him
,
with
much
difficulty
and
danger
he
escaped
the
second
time
into
France
,
He
flies
into
Germany
.
and
from
thence
traveled
into
Germany
,
where
he
gained
acquaintance
with
many
learned
men
,
and
of
them
was
friendly
and
lovingly
entertained
both
at
Basill
and
Zurich
,
especiall
by
M.
Bullinger
,
who
became
his
especial
friend
.
There
he
studied
Hebrew
,
and
married
a
Wife
being
a
Burgonian
:
His
marriage
.
And
at
least
hearing
that
King
Edward
the
sixt
was
come
to
the
Crown
,
he
amongst
many
other
English
Exiles
,
He
returns
to
England
.
Bullingers
speech
to
him
.
was
desirous
to
return
into
England
,
and
when
he
took
his
leave
of
those
his
worthy
friends
,
Mr.
Bullinger
said
to
him
;
Mr.
Hooper
,
though
we
are
sorry
to
part
with
your
company
for
our
own
sake
,
yet
we
have
much
more
cause
to
rejoyce
both
for
yours
,
and
the
cause
of
Christs
sake
,
that
you
shall
now
return
out
of
long
banishment
into
your
native
Country
again
,
where
you
may
not
only
enjoy
your
own
liberty
,
but
may
,
and
we
doubt
not
will
be
very
useful
for
the
promoting
the
good
of
Christs
Church
:
We
also
rejoice
not
onely
because
you
shall
remove
out
of
exile
into
liberty
;
but
you
shall
here
leave
a
barren
and
unpleasant
Country
,
rude
,
and
savage
,
to
goe
into
a
land
flowing
with
milk
and
honey
,
replenished
with
all
pleasures
and
fertility
;
yet
with
this
our
joy
,
our
fear
,
and
care
is
,
left
when
you
are
so
far
distant
,
and
long
absent
in
the
midst
of
your
friends
,
wealth
,
and
felicity
(
for
peradventure
you
will
be
a
Bishop
)
you
should
forget
us
your
friends
and
wel-willers
;
yet
though
you
should
do
it
,
we
assure
you
that
we
will
not
forget
our
old
friend
and
fellow
Mr.
Hooper
;
and
if
you
will
please
not
to
forget
us
,
then
pray
you
let
us
hear
from
you
.
His
answer
.
To
this
Master
Hooper
answered
;
first
giving
most
hearty
thanks
to
Master
Bullinger
,
and
all
the
rest
for
their
singular
good
will
,
and
undeserved
affection
,
which
they
had
at
all
times
shewed
toward
him
:
then
declaring
that
it
was
not
the
barrennes
of
that
Country
which
occasioned
his
remove
;
for
that
he
could
be
content
to
live
all
his
life
there
,
as
soon
as
in
any
part
of
the
world
,
or
in
his
own
Country
,
were
it
not
that
he
took
himselfe
bound
in
conscience
to
endeavour
the
advancement
of
Religion
in
his
native
soil
:
and
therefore
(
said
he
)
Though
I
cannot
deny
that
God
hath
blessed
our
Country
of
England
with
many
great
commodities
:
yet
neither
they
,
nor
new
friends
,
nor
any
thing
else
shall
cause
me
to
forget
such
friends
,
and
benefactors
as
you
have
been
,
unto
whom
I
am
so
much
bound
:
And
therefore
you
shall
be
sure
from
time
to
time
to
heare
from
me
,
and
I
will
send
you
word
how
it
goeth
with
me
:
But
,
saith
,
he
,
The
last
newes
of
all
I
shall
not
be
able
to
write
,
A
Prophesie
.
for
where
I
shall
take
most
paines
,
there
shall
you
hear
of
me
to
be
burned
to
ashes
:
Thus
taking
his
leave
of
them
,
His
painful
preaching
.
he
returned
to
London
,
where
he
preached
twice
,
but
at
least
once
everie
daie
.
The
people
so
flock't
to
him
,
that
the
Churches
could
not
contein
them
.
In
his
Doctrine
and
Ministry
he
was
earnest
,
and
zealous
:
In
language
Eloquent
:
In
the
Scriptures
perfect
,
and
ready
:
And
in
paines
indefatigable
.
His
constancie
.
In
this
pains-taking
he
continued
to
his
lives-end
,
neither
did
his
labor
break
him
,
nor
promotion
change
him
,
nor
dainty
fare
corrupt
him
:
His
character
.
He
was
of
a
strong
bodie
,
sound
health
,
pregnant
wit
,
and
of
invincible
patience
:
Note
.
spare
of
diet
,
sparer
of
words
,
and
sparest
of
time
:
A
liberall
hous-keeper
,
and
very
grave
in
his
carriage
.
Being
at
length
called
to
preach
before
King
Edward
,
He
is
made
a
Bishop
.
h●
made
him
first
Bishop
of
Glocester
,
where
he
was
Bishop
two
years
;
then
of
Worcester
,
where
he
carried
himselfe
●o
uprightly
,
and
inoffensively
,
that
his
enemies
had
nothing
to
say
against
him
:
He
used
to
goe
about
from
towne
to
towne
,
A
painful
Bishop
.
and
from
village
to
village
to
preach
unto
the
people
:
He
governed
his
house
so
,
that
in
every
corner
of
●t
there
was
some
smel
of
virtue
,
good
example
,
honest
conversation
,
and
reading
of
the
Scriptures
:
His
Family
Government
.
In
his
Hall
there
was
daily
a
table
spread
with
good
store
of
victuals
,
and
be
set
with
poor
folk
of
the
City
of
Worcester
by
turnes
,
who
were
served
by
four
at
a
Messe
,
with
whole
and
wholsom●
meat
:
And
when
they
were
served
(
being
before
examine●
by
himselfe
or
his
deputies
,
His
Charity
.
of
the
Lord's
Praier
,
Creed
,
an
ten
Commandements
)
then
he
himselfe
sate
down
to
dinner
,
and
not
before
.
In
the
beginning
of
Queene
Marie's
daies
,
he
was
sent
for
by
a
Pursivant
to
London
:
He
is
sent
for
to
London
.
and
though
hee
had
opportunity
,
and
was
perswaded
by
his
friends
to
flie
,
A
good
Shepheard
.
yet
hee
refused
,
saying
,
Once
I
did
flie
,
but
now
being
called
to
this
place
,
and
vocation
,
I
am
resolved
to
stay
,
and
to
live
,
and
die
with
my
sheep
.
By
Winchester
when
he
came
to
London
he
was
railed
upon
,
Stephen
Gard●ner
.
and
committed
to
prison
:
Popish
malice
.
Afterwards
also
at
his
examination
,
His
patience
.
they
called
him
Beast
,
Hypocrite
,
&c.
which
he
bore
without
answering
again
:
In
the
Fleet
where
he
was
prisoner
,
he
had
nothing
but
a
pad
of
straw
for
a
bed
,
and
a
●otten
covering
,
till
good
people
sent
him
a
bed
to
lie
on
:
Of
one
side
his
Chamber
was
the
sinke
and
filth
of
the
House
,
on
the
other
the
Town-ditch
,
enough
to
have
choaked
him
:
After
he
had
laien
thus
a
while
,
Popish
cruelty
.
falling
sick
,
the
doors
,
bars
,
hasps
,
and
chaines
being
all
made
last
,
he
both
mourned
,
called
,
and
cryed
for
help
:
Yet
the
Warden
hearing
,
would
suffer
none
to
goe
to
him
,
saying
,
Let
him
alone
,
if
he
die
,
it
were
a
good
riddance
of
him
,
&c.
Concerning
his
base
usage
,
himself
thus
writes
:
I
paid
alwaies
(
saith
he
)
to
the
Warden
of
the
Fleet
as
a
Baron
paid
,
as
well
in
Fees
,
as
for
my
board
:
viz.
20
s.
per
week
,
till
I
was
wrongfully
deprived
of
my
Bishoprick
,
and
after
that
time
I
paide
as
the
best
Gentleman
in
the
house
,
yet
he
alwaies
used
me
worse
,
and
more
vilely
then
a
very
slave
:
Thus
I
suffered
inprisonment
almost
eighteen
monthes
,
my
goods
,
living
,
friends
,
and
comforts
taken
from
me
:
●he
Queen
owing
me
above
80
pound
,
yet
hath
she
cast
me
into
pr●so●
&
al●owes
me
nothing
,
neither
are
any
suffered
to
come
at
me
,
whereby
I
may
be
relieved
.
I
am
under
a
wicked
man
,
and
woman
,
and
see
no
remedy
but
in
Gods
help
:
But
I
commit
my
just
cause
to
him
whose
will
be
done
whether
it
be
by
life
or
death
When
he
was
brought
to
examination
before
Winchester
,
and
the
other
Commissioners
,
there
was
such
a
tumult
whensoever
he
began
to
speak
,
that
he
was
forced
to
keep
silence
:
Yet
did
they
proceed
to
Degrade
,
Popish
rage
.
and
condemne
him
,
and
so
delivered
him
over
to
the
secular
Power
.
As
they
were
leading
him
from
the
Counter
in
Southwark
to
Newgate
,
one
of
the
Sheriffe
said
to
him
.
I
wonder
that
you
was
so
hasty
,
and
quick
with
my
Lord
Chancellor
,
and
used
no
more
patience
to
him
?
To
which
he
answered
:
Mr.
Sheriffe
,
I
was
nothing
at
all
impatient
,
though
I
was
earnest
in
my
Masters
cause
,
and
it
stands
me
in
hand
so
to
be
:
for
it
goeth
upon
life
,
and
death
,
not
in
this
World
onely
,
but
in
the
World
to
come
.
Sixe
daies
he
lay
close
prisoner
in
Newgate
,
none
being
suffered
to
come
to
him
,
during
which
time
,
Bonner
,
Harpsfield
,
and
diverse
others
came
to
him
,
leaving
no
meanes
untried
to
reduce
him
to
their
Antichristian
Church
,
sometimes
making
many
great
profers
,
Tentations
resisted
.
and
promises
to
him
of
worldly
riches
,
and
promotion
,
other
sometimes
using
grievous
threatnings
to
affright
him
:
But
they
found
him
alwaies
the
same
man
,
steadfast
,
and
unmoveable
.
February
the
4
th
.
at
night
,
his
Keeper
gave
him
some
inkling
that
he
should
be
sent
to
Gloucester
to
be
burned
,
which
he
rejoiced
very
much
at
,
lifting
up
his
eyes
,
and
hands
to
Heaven
,
and
praising
God
for
sending
him
amongst
his
people
over
whom
he
had
been
Pastor
,
Gods
providence
.
there
to
confirme
with
his
blood
the
truth
that
before
he
had
taught
unto
them
,
not
doubting
but
the
Lord
would
give
him
strength
to
perform
it
to
his
glory
:
And
immediately
he
sent
for
his
boots
,
spurrs
,
and
cloke
,
that
he
might
be
ready
to
ride
when
they
should
call
for
him
.
The
day
following
he
was
delivered
to
some
of
the
Queens
Guard
,
who
conveied
him
to
Glocester
,
and
when
he
came
neer
the
City
,
He
is
sent
to
Glocester
.
much
people
met
him
,
who
cryed
,
and
bewailed
his
condition
exceedingly
.
The
benefit
of
inward
peace
.
The
night
before
his
heath
,
he
did
eat●
his
meat
quietly
,
and
slept
soundly
:
After
his
first
sleepe
,
●ee
spent
the
rest
of
the
night
in
praier
.
Benefit
of
a
good
conscience
.
The
next
day
Sr
Anthonie
Kingston
coming
to
him
,
told
him
that
life
was
sw●ete
,
and
death
bitter
;
to
which
he
answered
,
The
death
to
come
is
more
bitter
,
Constancie
.
and
the
life
to
come
more
sweet
:
I
am
come
hi●her
to
end
this
life
,
and
suffer
death
,
because
I
will
not
gainesay
the
former
Truth
that
I
have
here
taught
unto
you
.
Also
a
blinde
boie
coming
to
him
,
after
he
had
examined
him
in
the
Grounds
of
Religion
,
Note
.
he
said
,
Ah
poor
boy
,
God
h●th
taken
from
thee
thy
outward
sight
,
but
hath
given
thee
anot●er
sight
much
more
pretious
,
having
endued
thy
soul
with
the
eie
of
knowledge
,
and
faith
:
God
give
thee
grace
continually
to
pray
u●to
him
that
thou
lose
not
that
sight
,
for
then
shouldest
thou
●e
blind
both
in
body
and
soul.
Being
delivered
to
the
Sheriffe
,
he
said
to
him
,
His
request
to
the
Sheriffe
.
My
request
to
you
Master
Sheriffe
,
is
onely
that
there
may
be
a
quick
fire
,
shortly
to
make
an
end
of
me
,
His
meeknesse
and
constancy
.
and
in
the
mean
time
I
will
be
as
obedient
to
you
as
you
can
desire
:
if
you
think
I
doe
amisse
in
any
thing
,
hold
up
your
finger
,
and
I
have
done
:
I
might
have
had
my
life
,
with
much
worldly
gaine
,
but
I
am
willing
to
offer
up
my
life
for
the
Truth
,
and
trust
to
die
a
faithfull
servant
to
God
,
and
a
true
subject
to
the
Queen
.
When
he
saw
the
Sheriff's
men
with
so
many
weapons
,
he
said
,
This
is
more
then
needs
;
if
you
had
willed
me
,
I
would
have
gone
alone
to
the
stake
,
and
have
troubled
none
of
you
all
:
As
hee
went
to
the
stake
he
was
forbid
to
speak
to
the
people
.
Hee
looked
chearfully
,
He
goes
cheerfully
to
the
stake
.
and
with
a
more
ruddy
countenance
then
ordinary
.
Being
come
to
the
place
of
Execution
,
hee
prayed
about
halfe
an
hour
,
whereof
this
was
a
part
.
Lord
(
said
he
)
I
am
Hell
,
His
praier
at
the
stake
.
but
thou
art
Heaven
:
I
am
swill
and
a
sinke
of
sinne
,
but
thou
art
a
gracious
,
and
mercifull
Redeemer
:
Have
mercy
therfore
upon
me
most
miserable
,
&
wretched
offender
after
thy
great
mercy
,
and
according
to
thine
inestimable
goodnesse
:
Thou
art
ascended
into
Heaven
,
receive
me
Hell
to
be
partaker
of
thy
joyes
,
where
thou
sittest
in
equall
glory
with
thy
Father
.
For
will
knowest
thou
Lord
wherefore
I
am
come
hither
to
suffer
,
and
why
the
wicked
doe
persecute
thy
poor
servant
:
Not
for
my
sins
,
and
transgressions
committed
against
thee
,
but
because
I
will
not
allow
their
wicked
doings
to
the
contaminating
of
thy
blood
,
and
to
the
deniall
of
the
knowledge
of
thy
truth
,
wherewith
it
did
please
thee
by
thy
holy
spirit
to
instruct
me
:
with
as
much
diligence
as
a
poor
wretch
might
(
being
thereto
called
)
I
have
set
forth
thy
glory
.
Thou
well
seest
,
O
Lord
my
God
,
what
terrible
torments
,
and
cruell
paines
are
prepared
for
thy
poor
creature
:
Even
such
Lord
as
without
thy
strength
none
is
able
to
beare
,
or
patiently
to
passe
:
But
that
which
is
impossible
with
man
is
possible
with
thee
:
therefore
strengthen
me
of
thy
goodnes
that
in
the
fire
I
break
not
the
rules
of
patience
:
Or
else
asswage
the
terror
of
the
paines
as
shall
seeme
fittest
to
thy
glory
.
Having
a
box
with
a
pardon
set
before
him
,
He
is
tempted
.
he
cried
,
If
you
love
my
soul
away
with
it
,
if
you
love
my
soul
away
with
it
.
Three
Irons
being
prepared
to
fasten
him
to
the
stake
,
he
onely
put
on
an
Iron-hoop
about
his
middle
,
bidding
them
take
away
the
rest
,
saying
,
His
confidence
in
God
.
I
doubt
not
but
God
will
give
me
strength
to
abide
the
extremity
of
the
fire
without
binding
.
When
reedes
were
cast
to
him
,
he
embraced
and
kissed
them
,
putting
them
under
his
arme
,
where
he
had
bags
of
gun-powder
also
:
When
fire
was
first
put
to
him
,
the
fagots
being
green
,
and
the
winde
blowing
away
the
flame
,
His
cruel
burning
.
he
was
but
scorched
:
more
faggots
being
laied
to
him
,
the
fire
was
so
supprest
,
that
his
nether-parts
were
burn'd
,
his
upper
being
scarce
touched
:
He
praied
mildly
as
one
that
felt
no
paine
,
O
Jesus
the
Sonne
of
David
have
mercie
upon
me
,
and
receive
my
soul
:
His
praier
in
the
fire
.
and
wipeing
his
eies
with
his
hands
,
he
said
,
For
God's
love
let
me
have
more
fire
:
A
third
fire
being
kindled
,
it
burn'd
more
violently
,
yet
was
he
alive
a
great
while
in
it
,
the
last
words
which
he
uttered
being
,
Lord
Jesus
have
mercy
on
me
,
His
death
.
Lord
Jesus
receive
my
spirit
.
And
so
he
slept
in
the
Lord
.
In
one
of
his
letters
he
wrote
,
Imprisonment
is
painfull
,
but
libertie
upon
evill
conditions
is
worse
:
His
heavenly
speeches
The
Prison
stink's
,
yet
not
so
much
as
sweet
houses
where
the
fear
of
God
is
wanting
:
I
must
be
alone
,
and
solitarie
,
it
's
better
so
to
be
,
and
have
God
with
me
,
then
to
be
in
company
with
the
wicked
:
Losse
of
goods
is
great
but
losse
of
grace
and
God's
favor
is
greater
:
I
cannot
tell
how
to
answer
before
great
and
learned
men
:
Yet
it
is
better
to
do
that
,
then
stand
naked
before
God's
Tribunal
:
I
shall
die
by
the
hands
of
cru●ll
men
,
he
is
blessed
that
loseth
his
life
,
and
fi●de's
life
ete●nal
:
There
is
neither
fel●
city
,
nor
adversity
of
this
World
that
is
great
,
if
it
be
weighed
with
the
joyes
,
and
p●ines
of
the
world
to
come
.
And
in
the
conclusion
of
the
Letter
he
writes
thus
.
I
am
a
precious
Jewell
now
,
and
daintily
kept
,
never
so
daintily
before
:
For
neither
mine
owne
man
,
nor
any
of
the
servants
of
the
house
may
come
to
me
,
but
my
Keeper
onely
,
who
is
a
simple
,
rude
fellow
:
But
I
am
not
troubled
thereat
.
In
the
time
of
King
Edward
when
he
was
made
Bishop
,
much
controversie
was
betweene
him
,
Contention
about
ceremonies
.
and
Doctor
Cranmer
,
and
Doctor
Ridley
about
the
Cappe
,
Rochet
,
&c.
But
when
in
Queene
Maries
daies
,
they
were
all
in
Prison
for
the
cause
of
Religion
;
Doctor
Ridley
wrote
thus
to
him
:
My
dear
brother
,
forasmuch
as
I
understand
by
your
works
,
which
I
have
but
superficially
seene
,
that
we
throughly
agree
in
those
things
which
are
the
grounds
,
They
agree
in
prison
.
and
substantial
points
of
our
Religion
,
against
which
the
World
so
furiously
rageth
in
these
daies
,
however
formerly
in
certain
by
matters
,
and
circumstances
of
Religion
,
your
wisdome
and
my
simplicity
hath
a
little
jarred
,
each
of
us
following
the
abundance
of
his
owne
sence
,
and
judgement
:
Now
I
say
be
you
assured
that
even
with
my
whole
heart
(
God
is
my
witness
)
in
the
bowels
of
Christ
I
love
you
in
the
truth
,
and
for
the
truths
sake
which
abideth
in
us
,
and
shall
by
the
grace
of
God
abide
for
ever
.
He
was
above
three-quarters
of
an
hour
in
the
fire
before
he
dyed
,
yet
even
as
a
Lambe
he
patiently
abode
the
extremity
thereof
,
neither
moving
forwards
,
backwards
,
or
to
any
side
;
His
admirable
patience
.
But
having
his
nether
parts
burned
,
and
his
bowels
faln
out
,
he
dyed
as
quietly
as
a
Child
in
his
bed
,
an
.
Christi
,
1555.
The
life
of
Rowland
Tailor
,
who
died
A
no.
Christi
1555.
ROwland
Taylor
was
Doctor
of
both
Laws
,
and
Rector
of
Hadley
in
Suffolk
,
where
Master
Thomas
Bilney
had
formerly
been
a
Preacher
of
the
Word
,
His
imployment
.
and
in
which
place
there
were
few
,
either
men
or
women
,
that
were
not
well
learned
in
the
holy
Scriptures
,
many
having
read
over
the
whole
Bible
,
Scriptures
well
studied
.
and
could
say
a
great
part
of
Paul's
Epistles
by
heart
.
Here
this
D.
Taylor
preached
constantly
on
Sabbaths
,
Holy-days
,
and
at
other
times
when
he
could
get
the
people
together
.
Preachers
pattern
.
So
soon
as
he
was
called
to
this
place
,
he
left
the
family
of
Doct.
Cranmer
A.
B.
of
Canterbury
,
with
whom
he
had
formerly
lived
,
&
like
a
good
shepherd
,
constantly
abode
with
his
flock
,
and
gave
himself
wholly
to
the
study
of
the
Sacred
Scriptures
,
most
faithfully
endeavouring
to
fulfill
the
precept
of
Christ
to
Peter
;
Lovest
thou
me
?
feed
my
sheep
.
His
life
also
,
and
conversation
was
very
exemplary
,
and
full
of
holiness
:
He
was
meek
,
and
humble
,
yet
would
stoutly
rebuke
sinne
in
the
greatest
:
He
was
very
mild
,
void
of
all
rancor
and
malice
,
ready
to
do
good
to
all
mer
,
forgiving
his
enemies
,
and
far
from
doing
the
least
wrong
.
To
the
poor
,
His
character
.
blinde
,
lame
,
sick
,
bed-rid
,
or
that
had
many
children
,
he
was
a
father
,
His
charity
.
causing
the
Parishioners
to
make
good
provision
for
them
,
besides
what
of
his
own
bounty
he
gave
them
.
He
brought
up
his
own
children
in
the
fear
of
God
,
&
good
learning
:
And
thus
he
continued
as
a
good
Sheepherd
amongst
his
flock
,
feeding
,
governing
,
and
leading
them
through
the
wilderness
of
this
wicked
world
,
The
Ma'ss
brought
into
his
Church
.
all
the
days
of
holy
King
Edward
the
sixth
:
But
in
the
beginning
of
Queen
Marie's
Reigne
,
two
Popish
persons
suborned
a
Priest
to
come
and
say
Mass
in
his
Church
;
Hee
being
at
his
study
,
and
hearing
the
Bell
to
toll
,
went
to
Church
,
and
finding
this
Priest
,
guarded
with
drawn
swords
,
in
his
Popish
Robes
ready
to
begin
the
Mass
,
His
zeal
.
he
said
unto
him
,
Thou
Divel
,
who
made
thee
so
bold
to
enter
into
this
Church
,
to
profane
and
defile
it
with
this
abominable
Idolatry
,
I
command
thee
thou
Popish-Wolfe
,
in
the
name
of
God
to
avoid
hence
,
and
not
to
presume
thus
to
poyson
Christ's
flock
.
Then
said
one
Foster
(
the
ringleader
in
this
business
)
to
Doctor
Tailor
,
Popish
malice
.
Thou
Traitor
,
what
dost
thou
here
,
to
let
and
disturbe
the
Queens
proceedings
?
Doctor
Tailor
answered
,
I
am
no
Traitor
,
but
the
Shepherd
which
God
,
and
my
Lord
Christ
hath
appointed
to
feed
this
his
flock
;
and
therefore
I
have
good
authority
to
be
here
.
Then
said
Foster
,
Wilt
thou
Traiterous
Heretick
make
a
commotion
,
and
resist
violently
the
Queens
proceedings
?
Doctor
Tailor
answered
,
I
make
no
commotion
;
it
s
you
Papists
that
make
commotions
and
tumults
;
I
resist
onely
with
Gods
word
against
your
Popish
Idolatries
,
which
are
contrary
to
the
same
,
and
tend
to
the
dishonour
of
the
Queen
,
and
the
utter
subversion
of
this
Realme
;
Then
did
Foster
with
his
armed
men
carry
Doctor
Tailor
out
of
the
Church
,
and
so
the
Priest
went
on
with
his
Mass.
Doctor
Tailors
wife
,
who
had
followed
her
Husband
to
the
Church
,
when
she
saw
their
violent
proceedings
,
kneeled
down
,
and
holding
up
her
hands
,
with
a
loud
voice
,
said
,
I
beseech
God
,
the
righteous
Judge
to
avenge
this
injury
,
which
this
Popish
Idolater
doth
this
day
to
the
blood
of
Christ
;
Then
did
they
thrust
her
out
of
the
Church
also
:
and
presently
after
Foster
wrote
a
complaint
against
Doct.
He
is
accused
,
and
sent
for
.
Tailor
to
Steven
Gardiner
,
who
sent
his
Letters
Missive
for
Doctor
Tailor
:
whereupon
his
friends
earnestly
entreated
him
to
fly
,
telling
him
that
he
could
neither
expect
justice
,
nor
favor
,
He
is
perswaded
to
fly
.
but
imprisonment
,
and
cruel
death
:
To
whom
he
answered
,
Flight
refused
.
I
know
my
cause
to
be
so
good
,
and
righteous
,
and
the
truth
so
strong
upon
my
side
,
His
courage
.
that
I
will
by
Gods
grace
appear
before
them
,
and
to
their
beards
resist
their
false
doings
,
for
I
beleeve
that
I
shal
never
be
able
to
doe
God
so
good
service
as
now
,
and
that
I
shal
never
have
so
glorious
a
calling
,
nor
so
great
mercy
of
God
profferd
me
as
I
have
now
;
wherefore
pray
for
mee
,
and
I
doubt
not
but
God
will
give
mee
strength
,
and
his
holy
spirit
,
that
all
my
adversaries
shal
be
asham'd
of
their
doings
.
Then
said
his
friends
,
Master
Dr.
we
think
it
not
best
so
to
do
;
you
have
sufficiently
done
your
duty
,
and
borne
witness
to
the
truth
,
both
in
your
Sermons
,
and
in
resisting
this
Popish
Priest
,
and
therfore
seeing
our
Savior
Christ
bids
us
when
we
are
persecuted
in
one
City
to
flee
to
another
;
we
think
that
by
flying
at
this
time
you
should
doe
best
,
reserving
your selfe
for
better
times
.
O
(
said
D.
Tailor
)
I
am
now
old
,
and
have
already
lived
too
long
to
see
these
terrible
and
wicked
dayes
.
You
may
doe
as
your
consciences
serve
you
,
but
I
am
resolved
not
to
fly
:
A
Prediction
.
God
shall
hereafter
raise
up
Teachers
,
which
shall
with
much
more
diligence
and
fruit
teach
then
I
have
done
;
for
God
will
not
forsake
his
Church
,
though
for
a
time
he
tryeth
and
correcteth
us
,
and
that
not
without
just
cause
.
His
friends
seeing
his
constancy
and
resolution
,
with
weeping
eyes
commended
him
to
God
;
and
so
preparing
himself
,
He
goes
to
S.
Gardiner
.
he
went
to
London
,
and
presented
himself
to
Steven
Gardiner
,
Lord
Chancellor
of
England
;
who
railed
upon
him
,
calling
him
Knave
,
Traitor
,
Heretick
,
asking
him
if
he
knew
him
not
?
&c.
To
whom
he
answered
,
Yea
,
I
know
you
,
His
stout
answer
.
and
all
your
greatness
,
yet●
you
are
but
a
mortall
man
:
and
if
I
should
be
affraid
of
your
Lordly
looks
,
why
fear
you
not
God
the
Lord
of
us
all
?
His
conference
with
Gardiner
.
How
dare
you
for
shame
look
any
Christian
in
the
face
,
seeing
you
have
forsaken
the
truth
,
denyed
our
Saviour
Christ
,
and
his
word
,
&
done
contrary
to
your
own
oath
,
and
writing
?
with
what
countenance
can
you
appear
before
the
judgement
seat
of
Christ
,
and
answer
for
your
oath
,
first
made
to
King
Henry
the
eighth
,
and
afterwards
to
King
Edward
the
sixth
?
Gardiner
.
Tush
,
tush
,
that
was
Herods
oath
,
unlawfull
,
and
therefore
fit
to
be
broken
;
I
did
well
in
breaking
it
,
and
thanke
God
that
I
am
come
home
to
our
Mother
the
Church
of
Rome
,
and
so
I
would
thou
shouldest
doe
.
Tailor
.
Should
I
forsake
the
Church
of
Christ
,
which
is
founded
upon
the
true
foundation
of
the
Prophets
and
Apostles
?
to
approve
those
lyes
,
errors
,
superstitions
and
idolatries
that
are
approved
of
most
blasphemously
by
you
?
God
forbid
.
Remember
that
you
wrote
truly
against
the
Pope
,
and
were
sworne
against
him
:
Gardin
.
I
tell
thee
that
was
Herods
oath
,
and
our
holy
Father
the
Pope
hath
discharged
me
of
it
.
Tailor
.
But
you
shall
not
be
so
discharged
before
Christ
,
who
doubtlesse
will
require
it
at
your
hands
as
a
lawful
oath
made
to
your
King
,
from
which
no
man
can
assoile
you
.
Gardiner
.
I
see
that
thou
art
an
arrogant
Knave
,
and
a
very
fool
.
Tailor
.
My
Lord
leave
your
railing
,
which
is
unseemly
in
one
that
is
in
your
place
.
I
am
a
Christian
man
,
and
you
know
that
he
that
call's
his
brother
Fool
,
is
in
danger
of
Hell
fire
.
Gardiner
.
Yee
are
false
,
and
liers
all
the
sort
of
you
.
Tailor
.
We
are
true
men
,
and
know
that
God
will
destroy
all
them
that
speak
lies
,
and
therefore
we
abide
by
the
truth
of
Gods
word
,
which
ye
,
contrary
to
your
own
consciences
,
deny
,
and
forsake
.
Gardiner
.
Thou
art
a
married
man
.
Tailor
.
Yea
,
and
I
thanke
God
that
I
am
,
and
have
had
nine
children
and
all
in
lawfu●
matrimony
,
and
blessed
be
God
that
ordained
matrimo●y
,
and
commanded
that
all
that
had
not
the
gift
of
continency
should
marry
,
and
not
live
in
whoredom
and
a
dultery
.
After
some
other
discourse
the
Bishop
called
hi
men
,
commanding
them
to
carry
him
to
the
Kings
Bench
,
requiring
his
Keeper
to
keep
him
strictly
:
Then
Docto●
Tailor
kneeling
down
,
and
holding
up
his
hands
,
said
,
Good
Lord
I
thanke
thee
,
and
from
the
Tyranny
of
the
Bishop
of
Rome
and
all
his
detestable
errors
and
abominations
,
His
imprisonment
.
good
Lord
deliver
us
.
So
they
carried
him
away
to
prison
,
where
he
lay
almost
two
years
.
In
Prison
he
spent
his
time
in
praier
,
reading
the
Scriptures
,
preaching
to
the
prisoners
,
His
holy
employments
in
prison
.
and
to
other
that
resorted
to
him
:
And
it
pleased
God
that
he
found
in
that
prison
holy
Master
Bradford
,
He
meeres
with
Mr.
Bradford
in
prison
.
whom
he
began
to
exhort
to
Faith
,
strength
,
and
patience
,
and
to
persevere
constantly
unto
the
end
.
Master
Bradford
hearing
this
,
thanked
God
who
had
provided
him
so
comfortable
a
prison-fellow
,
and
so
they
both
together
praised
God
,
and
continued
in
praier
,
reading
and
exhorting
one
another
:
Insomuch
as
Doctor
Tailor
told
his
friends
that
God
had
provided
graciously
for
him
to
send
him
to
that
prison
where
he
found
such
an
Angell
of
God
to
be
in
his
company
to
comfort
him
.
He
was
diverse
times
examined
of
his
faith
,
and
witnessed
a
good
Confession
before
his
adversaries
,
His
examinations
:
for
which
at
last
he
was
condemned
to
die
.
His
condemnation
.
When
his
sentence
was
read
,
he
told
them
that
God
,
the
righteous
Judge
,
would
require
his
blood
at
their
hands
,
His
courage
.
and
that
the
proudest
of
them
all
should
repent
their
receiving
againe
of
Antichrist
,
and
their
Tyranny
against
the
flock
of
Christ
.
He
also
thus
wrote
to
his
friends
.
God
be
praised
,
since
my
condemnation
I
was
never
affraid
to
die
▪
Death
not
feared
.
Gods
will
be
done
.
If
I
shrinke
from
Gods
truth
,
I
am
sure
of
an
other
manner
of
death
then
had
Judge
Hales
.
But
God
be
praised
even
from
the
bottome
of
my
heart
,
I
am
unmovably
setled
upon
the
Rock
,
nothing
doubting
but
that
my
dear
God
will
performe
and
finish
the
work
that
he
hath
begun
in
me
,
and
others
.
To
him
be
all
honor
both
now
,
and
ever
through
Christ
our
onely
Saviour
,
Amen
.
After
his
condemnation
,
His
conference
with
Bishop
Bonner
.
Bishop
Bonner
came
to
the
prison
to
degrade
him
,
bringing
all
the
Massing
Garments
with
him
,
which
he
commanded
him
to
put
on
.
No
,
quoth
Doctor
Tailor
,
I
will
not
.
Bonner
.
Wilt
thou
not
?
I
shall
make
thee
ere
I
go
.
Tailor
.
You
shall
not
,
by
the
grace
of
God
.
Bonner
.
I
charge
thee
on
thy
obedience
to
do
it
.
Tailor
.
I
will
not
.
Then
the
Bishop
bad
his
owne
man
to
put
them
on
his
back
,
which
when
it
was
done
,
setting
his
hands
by
his
side
,
he
walked
up
and
down
,
and
said
,
How
say
you
my
Lord
,
am
I
not
a
goodly
fool
?
If
I
were
in
Cheap-side
,
would
not
all
the
boies
laugh
at
these
apishtoies
?
The
Bishop
having
dispoiled
him
of
all
,
would
have
given
him
a
stroke
on
his
breast
with
his
Crosier
:
But
his
Chaplain
said
,
My
Lord
strike
him
not
,
for
he
will
sure
strike
again
.
Yea
by
Saint
Peter
will
I
,
quoth
Doctor
Tailor
:
The
cause
is
Christs
,
and
I
were
no
good
Christian
if
I
would
not
fight
in
my
masters
quarrell
.
Then
the
Bishop
cursed
him
,
but
durst
not
strike
him
.
To
whom
Doctor
Tailor
answered
,
Though
you
curse
,
yet
God
doth
blesse
me
.
The
next
night
his
Wife
,
Son
,
and
Servant
came
to
him
,
where
before
supper
they
kneeled
down
,
and
praied
,
saying
the
Letany
.
He
is
sent
to
Hadley
.
He
was
sent
down
to
Hadley
to
be
burn'd
,
Benefit
of
a
good
conscience
.
and
all
the
way
as
he
went
,
he
was
very
merry
as
one
that
went
to
a
banquet
,
or
Bridal
.
In
his
journey
the
Sheriffe
of
Essex
perswaded
him
much
to
returne
to
the
Popish
Religion
,
&c.
to
whom
at
last
he
answered
,
His
courage
and
constancy
.
I
well
perceive
now
that
I
have
been
deceived
my self
,
and
shall
deceive
many
in
Hadley
of
their
exspectation
:
When
the
Sheriffe
desired
him
to
explain
his
meaning
,
hoping
that
he
would
recant
,
he
said
,
I
am
a
man
of
a
very
great
carkass
,
which
I
had
hoped
should
have
been
buried
in
Hadley
-
Churchyard
,
but
I
see
I
am
deceived
,
and
there
are
a
great
number
of
wormes
there
,
which
should
have
had
●olly
feeding
upon
this
carrion
,
but
now
both
I
,
and
they
shall
be
deceived
of
our
expectation
.
When
he
came
within
two
miles
of
Hadley
,
he
desired
to
alight
,
and
being
down
he
leap't
,
and
fet
a
frisk
,
or
two
,
saying
,
His
comfort
in
affliction
.
God
be
praised
I
am
now
almost
at
home
,
and
have
not
past
two
stiles
to
go
over
,
and
I
am
even
at
my
father's
house
.
At
Hadley
Towns-end
,
a
poore
man
with
his
five
children
met
him
crying
,
O
dear
father
,
and
good
shepherd
,
God
helpe
and
succour
thee
,
as
thou
hast
many
a
time
succour'd
me
,
and
my
poor
children
:
The
streetes
were
ful
of
people
weeping
and
bewailing
their
losse
,
His
death
bewailed
.
saying
,
Ah
good
God
there
goes
our
good
Shepherd
from
us
that
hath
so
faithfull●
taught
,
so
fatherly
cared
for
us
,
and
so
godly
governed
us
:
〈◊〉
mercifull
▪
od
,
what
shall
we
poor
scatt●red
lambs
doe
?
What
sh●ll
b●come
of
this
most
wicked
World
?
Good
Lord
strengthen
hi●
,
and
comfort
him
.
To
whom
he
said
,
I
have
preached
to
●u
God's
Word
,
and
Truth
,
and
am
come
now
to
seal
it
with
●y
blood
.
He
gave
all
his
money
to
the
poor
,
His
charity
.
for
whem
he
w●s
wont
thus
to
provide
formerly
:
Once
a
fortnight
at
least
〈◊〉
used
to
call
upon
Sir
Henrie
Doile
,
and
other
rich
Clo●l●ers
to
go
with
him
to
the
Alms-houses
to
see
what
the
poor
lacked
in
meat
,
drink
,
apparel
,
bedding
,
and
other
nece●●ries
:
Withall
exhorting
,
comforting
,
and
rebuking
as
●ee
saw
occasion
.
Comming
to
the
place
of
execution
,
he
was
not
suffered
to
speak
to
the
people
,
who
much
lamented
his
death
,
yet
he
was
very
cheerfull
,
saying
,
Thanks
be
to
God
,
I
am
even
at
home
,
Popish
cruelty
and
when
he
had
praied
,
and
made
himself
ready
,
he
went
to
the
stake
and
kissed
it
.
He
would
seigne
have
spoken
to
the
people
,
but
one
thrust
in
a
tipstaffe
into
his
mouth
,
another
stroke
him
on
the
head
,
and
an
other
threw
a
fagot
at
him
,
which
broke
his
face
that
the
blood
ranne
down
:
To
whom
Doctor
Tailor
said
,
O
friend
,
I
have
harme
enough
,
what
need
that
?
When
he
was
saying
the
Miserere
in
English
,
Sir
John
Shelton
stroke
him
on
the
lips
,
saying
,
you
knave
,
I
will
make
thee
speak
Latin
.
The
fire
being
kindled
,
he
held
up
his
hands
,
His
Martyrdome
.
calling
upon
God
,
and
saying
,
Merciful
father
of
Heaven
,
for
Jesus
Christ
my
Saviour's
sake
receive
my
soul
into
thy
hands
,
and
so
stood
still
without
moving
,
till
one
with
an
halberd
strook
out
his
brains
.
Anno
Christi
1555
▪
JOHN
BRADFORD
The
Life
of
John
Bradford
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1555.
JOhn
Bradford
was
born
at
Manchester
in
Lancashire
,
His
Birth
and
Education
.
and
by
his
parents
brought
up
in
learning
:
And
afterwards
he
served
Sir
John
Harrington
,
a
man
much
employed
under
Hen.
the
8th
,
and
Edward
the
6th
:
In
which
place
he
had
opportunity
of
much
advantaging
himself
:
For
his
Master
found
him
so
active
,
His
fidelity
.
and
fit
for
his
imployments
,
that
above
all
others
he
made
most
use
of
his
faithfull
service
:
And
thus
he
continued
with
him
for
certain
years
:
But
God
intending
him
for
better
employment
,
having
given
up
a
just
account
to
his
Master
,
He
goes
to
Cambridge
.
with
his
good
approbation
▪
he
went
to
Cambridge
,
where
by
his
diligence
in
studie
,
he
profited
so
much
in
knowlege
,
and
so
pleased
all
by
his
godly
,
and
blameless
conversation
,
that
after
one
years
ab●de
in
the
University
he
was
made
Master
of
Arts
,
His
preferment
in
the
Vniversity
.
and
chosen
Fellow
into
Pembroke-Hall
.
There
Master
Bucer
falling
into
acquaintance
with
him
,
highly
priz'd
,
and
perswaded
him
to
enter
into
the
Ministrie
,
which
he
modestly
excused
for
want
of
learning
:
Note
.
To
whom
Bucer
said
,
If
thou
have
not
fine
Manchet
,
yet
give
the
peopl●
Barlie-bread
or
such
as
thou
hast
.
Being
thus
perswaded
to
enter
into
the
Ministrie
,
He
enters
into
the
Ministry
.
Bishop
Ridley
made
him
a
Prebend
in
St
Pauls
,
where
he
continued
preaching
three
yeares
faithfully
,
reproving
sin
〈◊〉
,
yet
sweetly
preaching
Christ
crucified
,
and
pithily
i●●●yning
Errors
,
and
Heresies
,
and
perswading
to
a
●odli●
life
.
In
the
beginning
of
Queen
Marie's
reign
.
Bourn
,
He
defends
Bourn
from
death
.
Bishop
of
Bath
made
a
leditious
Sermon
at
Paul's-Crosse
,
which
●o
moved
the
people
to
indignation
,
that
they
were
ready
to
pull
him
out
of
the
Pulpit
,
and
one
throw
a
dagger
at
him
:
Whereupon
Bourn
requested
Master
Br●dford
(
who
was
behind
him
)
to
stand
in
his
place
,
and
to
quiet
the
people
which
according●y
he
did●
whom
when
the
people
saw
,
they
cried
,
Bradford
,
Bradford
,
〈◊〉
save
thy
life
Bradford
;
Bourn
not
yet
thinking
himselfe
safe
,
requested
Master
Bradford
to
conveie
him
into
the
School-master's
house
,
which
accordingly
he
did
,
going
at
his
〈◊〉
,
and
shel●ering
him
from
the
people
:
whereupon
one
said
to
him
.
Ah
Bradford
,
Bradford
,
Thou
savest
him
that
will
help
to
burn
thee
.
In
the
afternoon
Master
Bradford
preached
at
Bow-Church
,
and
sharply
reproved
the
people
for
their
seditious
carriage
:
Yet
within
three
daies
after
,
He
is
ill
requi●ed
for
it
.
he
was
sent
for
before
the
Council
,
and
charged
with
sedition
for
this
act
,
and
by
them
was
sent
prisoner
,
first
to
the
Tower
:
Then
from
thence
they
removed
him
to
the
Kings
Bench
in
●outhwark
,
and
after
his
condemnation
,
he
was
sent
to
the●●ounter
in
the
Poultry
:
In
which
places
for
the
time
that
he
remained
prisoner
he
preached
twice
a
day
,
He
Preacheth
in
Prison
.
unlesse
sicknesse
hindred
,
and
often
administred
the
Sacrament
:
Preaching
,
Reading
,
and
praier
was
his
whole
life
:
He
eat
but
one
meal
a
day
,
and
that
a
spare
one
too
,
and
his
continual
study
was
upon
his
knees
:
In
the
mid'st
of
dinner
he
used
to
meditate
with
his
hat
in
his
eyes
,
A
soft
heart
.
from
which
flowed
plenty
of
teares
dropping
on
his
trencher
.
He
was
in
such
credit
with
his
Keeper
in
Southwark
,
that
at
an
Evening
he
would
give
him
leave
upon
his
bare
word
to
go
into
London
,
to
visit
a
sick
friend
,
and
he
was
so
mindfull
of
his
promise
,
that
he
used
to
returne
to
prison
again
,
rather
preventing
his
hour
,
then
breaking
his
fidelity
.
His
Character
.
He
was
of
person
somewhat
tall
,
and
slender
,
spare
of
body
,
of
a
faint
sanguine
colour
,
with
●n
awberne
beard
.
Hee
●lept
not
above
four
hours
in
●he
night
,
Studious
.
and
till
sl●ep
came
,
his
book
went
not
out
of
his
●and
.
His
recreation
was
honest
companie
,
and
Christian
discourse
a
litte
after
dinner
,
and
so
to
praier
,
and
his
book
again
.
Note
.
He
counted
that
hour
ill
spent
wherein
he
did
not
some
good
,
either
with
his
pen
,
studie
,
or
exhorting
others
,
&c.
His
charity
.
He
was
no
niggard
of
his
purse
,
but
would
liberally
communicate
what
he
had
to
his
fellow-prisoners
.
Once
a
week
he
visited
the
Thieves
on
the
other
side
the
Prison
,
giving
them
godly
exhortations
,
and
distributing
some
mony
amongst
them
.
An
intimate
friend
of
his
asked
him
if
hee
should
procure
his
liberty
,
what
he
would
doe
,
and
whither
he
would
goe
?
To
whom
he
answered
,
that
he
cared
not
●hether
he
were
delivered
out
of
prison
or
no
;
but
if
he
should
,
that
then
he
would
marry
,
and
abide
secretly
in
England
,
and
teach
the
people
as
the
time
would
suffer
him
.
He
was
had
in
great
reverence
and
admiration
of
all
good
men
:
He
was
well
e●●●med
of
all
.
So
that
many
which
knew
him
not
but
by
fame
onely
,
much
lamented
his
death
,
yea
many
Papists
wished
heartily
that
he
might
live
.
Few
daies
passed
wherein
he
shed
not
some
teares
before
he
went
to
bed
:
Nor
was
there
any
prisoner
with
him
,
but
receiv'd
some
profit
by
him
.
He
had
many
opportunities
of
escaping
,
Flight
refused
.
but
would
not
embrace
them
.
The
night
before
he
was
carried
to
Newgate
,
he
dreamed
that
chaines
were
brought
for
him
to
the
Counter
,
A
dream
prophetical
.
and
that
the
day
following
,
he
should
be
carried
to
Newgate
,
and
that
the
next
daie
he
should
be
burn'd
in
Smithfield
,
which
accordingly
came
to
pass
:
For
that
day
in
the
afternoon
,
the
Keepers
wife
came
running
into
his
chamber
,
saying
,
O
Mr.
Bradford
,
I
bring
you
heavy
news
,
for
to
morrow
you
must
be
burned
,
your
chain
is
now
a
buying
,
and
presently
you
must
go
to
Newgate
.
With
that
Mr
Bradford
put
off
his
cap
,
He
rejoyceth
at
the
news
of
his
death
.
lift
up
his
eyes
to
heaven
,
and
said
,
I
thank
God
for
it
:
I
have
looked
for
this
a
long
time
,
it
comes
not
now
to
me
suddenly
,
but
as
a
thing
waited
for
every
day
and
hour
:
the
Lord
make
me
worthy
thereof
.
He
spent
the
rest
of
the
evening
in
prayers
,
His
fervent
praye●s
.
well
watered
with
tears
,
whereby
he
ravished
the
mindes
of
the
hearers
.
The
morning
before
he
should
be
burn'd
,
as
he
was
putting
on
a
clean
shirt
,
in
which
he
was
to
suffer
,
he
made
such
a
prayer
of
the
Wedding
Garment
,
that
some
present
were
in
such
great
admiration
,
that
their
eyes
were
as
throughly
occupied
in
looking
on
him
,
as
their
ears
were
attentive
to
hear
his
prayer
.
At
his
departing
out
of
his
chamber
he
prayed
earnestly
,
and
gave
money
to
every
servant
and
officer
in
the
house
,
exhorting
them
to
fear
and
serve
God
continually
,
labouring
to
eschew
all
manner
of
evill
.
Then
turning
to
the
wall
he
prayed
vehemently
,
that
his
words
might
not
be
spoken
to
them
in
vain
,
but
that
the
Lord
would
work
it
effectually
in
them
for
his
Christs
sake
.
His
departure
out
of
Newgate
.
The
prisoners
with
weeping
tears
took
their
farewel
of
him
Whilst
he
remained
a
prisoner
,
he
was
oft
examined
before
the
Bishops
,
and
proffered
life
if
he
would
recent
;
to
whom
he
answered
,
Tentation
resisted
.
Life
with
Gods
displeasure
is
worse
than
death
;
and
death
in
his
true
favour
is
true
life
.
When
he
came
into
Smithfield
,
(
where
another
young
man
was
to
suffer
with
him
)
His
behaviour
at
his
death
.
he
fell
flat
on
his
face
and
prayed
;
then
caking
a
faggot
in
his
hand
,
he
kissed
it
,
and
the
stake
also
;
then
putting
off
his
raiment
,
hee
stood
by
the
stake
,
and
lifting
up
his
hands
and
eyes
to
heaven
,
said
,
O
England
,
England
,
repent
of
thy
sinnes
,
repent
of
thy
sinnes
:
Beware
of
Idolatry
,
beware
of
false
Antichrists
,
Note
.
take
heed
they
doe
not
deceive
thee
:
and
turning
his
head
to
the
young
man
,
he
said
,
Be
of
good
comfort
brother
,
for
we
shall
have
a
merry
supper
with
the
Lord
this
night
;
and
then
embracing
the
reeds
,
he
said
:
Strait
is
the
way
,
His
Martyrdom
.
and
narrow
is
the
gate
that
leadeth
to
eternall
salvation
,
and
few
there
be
that
finde
it
;
and
so
he
slept
in
the
Lo●d
.
He
was
very
charitable
,
His
Charity
.
in
so
much
as
in
a
hard
time
he
sold
his
Chaines
,
Rings
,
and
Jewels
to
relieve
those
that
were
in
want
.
He
was
so
humble
from
the
sense
of
his
corruptions
,
His
Humility
.
that
he
subscribed
some
of
his
Letters
out
of
●rison
thus
,
The
most
miserable
,
hard-hearted
,
unthankfull
sinner
John
Bradfo●d
.
A
very
painted
Hyp●crite
John
Bradford
.
Miserrimus
peccator
Joh.
Bradford
;
The
sinfull
John
Bradford
,
&c.
He
suffered
Martyrdome
Anno
Christi
1555.
In
his
Examination
before
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
Hee
often
told
him
,
His
conference
with
Gardiner
.
that
he
had
sworn
six
times
never
to
admit
of
the
authority
of
the
Bishop
of
Rome
;
and
therefore
(
said
he
)
I
dare
not
answer
you
,
if
you
examine
me
as
a
Delegate
from
him
,
lest
I
should
b●eake
my
oath
.
To
which
Gardiner
answered
,
that
he
pretended
stoutly
to
defend
the
Doctrine
taught
in
King
Edward's
dayes
;
yet
(
said
he
)
thou
darest
not
answer
me
.
Bradford
.
]
That
all
men
may
know
that
I
am
not
afraid
,
saving
mine
oath
,
ask
me
what
you
will
,
and
I
will
plainly
answer
by
Gods
grace
,
although
I
see
my
life
lieth
thereon
.
But
,
oh
Lord
,
into
thy
hands
I
commend
it
,
come
what
will
,
onely
sanctifie
thy
name
in
me
,
as
in
an
instrument
of
thy
grace
.
Now
ask
me
what
you
will
.
Gardiner
.
]
What
say
you
to
the
blessed
Sacrament
?
Doe
you
not
believe
Christs
reall
presence
there
in
his
naturall
body
?
Bradf
.
]
My
Lord
,
I
do
not
believe
that
Christ
is
corporally
present
in
the
Sacrament
;
but
that
he
is
present
there
to
the
faith
of
the
due
Receiver
.
As
for
Transubstantiation
,
I
plainly
and
flatly
beleive
it
not
.
At
another
time
one
of
the
Earle
of
Darby's
men
came
to
him
saying
,
Ah
Master
Bradford
,
consider
your
Mother
,
Sister
,
Friends
,
Kinsfolk
,
and
Country
,
what
a
great
discomfort
will
it
be
to
them
to
see
you
die
as
an
Heretick
?
To
whom
he
answered
,
I
have
learned
to
forsake
Father
,
Mother
,
Brother
,
Sister
,
Friends
,
and
all
that
ever
I
have
;
yea
,
and
my
own
self
;
for
else
I
cannot
be
Christs
Disciple
.
And
in
a
Letter
to
his
Mother
and
Brethren
,
His
godly
Letters
.
hee
thus
writes
;
I
am
now
in
prison
,
sure
enough
from
starting
,
and
I
thank
God
I
am
ready
with
my
life
and
blood
to
seale
those
Truths
which
I
have
preached
unto
you
,
if
God
shall
account
me
worthy
of
that
honour
;
for
its
a
sp●ciall
benefit
of
God
to
suffer
for
his
Name
and
Gospel
,
as
now
I
doe
,
I
heartily
thanke
him
for
it
,
and
am
sure
that
I
shall
be
partaker
of
his
glory
:
If
we
suffer
with
him
,
we
shall
also
reign
with
him
,
as
St.
Paul
speaks
.
Therefore
be
not
faint-hearted
,
but
rather
rejoice
,
at
least
for
my
sake
,
who
am
now
in
the
highway
to
heaven
,
for
thorough
many
afflictions
we
must
enter
into
that
Kingdome
.
Now
will
God
make
known
who
are
his
:
When
the
winde
doth
not
blow
,
we
cannot
discerne
the
Wheat
from
the
Chaffe
;
but
when
the
blast
comes
,
the
Wheat
remains
,
but
the
Chaffe
flyes
away
,
and
the
Wheat
is
so
far
from
being
huRt
by
the
winde
,
that
its
more
cleansed
,
and
known
to
be
Wheat
.
Gold
,
when
it
s
cast
into
the
fire
,
is
made
more
precious
,
so
are
Gods
children
by
the
crosse
of
afflictions
.
Gods
children
are
now
chastised
here
,
that
they
may
not
be
condemned
with
the
world
:
Sin
the
forerunner
of
persecution
.
But
sure
great
plagues
from
God
hang
over
this
Realm
for
it
.
And
no
marvell
if
Gods
hand
lies
so
heavy
upon
us
;
for
lately
as
there
was
never
more
knowledge
,
so
never
lesse
godly
living
.
It
was
counted
a
foolish
thing
to
serve
our
God
truly
;
and
fervent
prayer
was
not
passed
upon
.
Preaching
was
but
a
pastime
;
the
Communion
was
counted
too
common
;
Fasting
to
subdue
the
flesh
was
far
out
of
use
;
Almes
were
almost
nothi●g
.
Ma●ice
,
Covetousness
and
Uncleanness
were
common
every
where
,
with
Swearing
,
Drunkenness
,
and
Idlenesse
;
and
therefore
all
this
evill
is
come
upon
us
,
&c.
Yea
I
my selfe
loved
not
his
Truth
as
I
should
,
therefore
God
thus
punisheth
me
,
nay
in
punishing
blesseth
mee
:
And
I
thanke
him
more
for
this
prison
than
for
any
parlour
▪
yea
than
for
any
pleasure
that
ever
I
had
;
for
in
it
I
finde
God
,
my
sweet
,
good
God
alwaies
.
And
in
another
place
.
Let
us
repent
,
and
be
heartily
sorry
that
wee
have
so
carnally
,
so
hypocritically
,
so
covetously
,
so
vain-gloriously
professed
the
Gospel
:
Let
the
anger
,
and
plagues
of
God
,
most
iustly
fallen
upon
us
,
bee
applied
●o
our
〈◊〉
,
that
from
the
bottome
of
our
hearts
every
one
of
us
may
say
.
It
's
●
lord
that
have
sinned
against
thee
;
it
's
my
hypocrisie
,
my
vain-glory
,
my
covetousnesse
,
uncleanness
,
carnality
,
security
,
idlenesse
,
unthankfulnesse
▪
self
love
,
&c.
that
hath
deserved
the
taking
away
our
good
King
,
●of
thy
Word
and
true
Religion
,
of
thy
good
Ministers
by
exile
,
imprisonment
,
and
death
.
It
's
my
wickednesse
that
cause
h●●ccesse
,
and
encrase
of
authority
,
and
peace
to
thine
enemies
.
O
be
mercifull
,
be
mercifull
unto
us
,
&c.
NICHOL
:
RIDLEY
The
Life
of
Nicolas
Ridley
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1555.
NIcholas
Ridley
was
borne
in
Northumberland
of
worshipfull
parents
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
bred
at
School
in
Newcastle
,
and
from
thence
sent
to
Cambridge
,
where
he
grew
so
famous
for
his
learning
,
His
preferment
in
Cambridge
.
that
after
diverse
other
offices
whereunto
he
was
called
in
the
University
,
hee
was
chosen
Master
of
Pembroke-Hall
,
and
made
Doctor
in
Divinity
.
From
thence
he
was
called
by
Arch-Bishop
Cranmer
to
be
Vicar
of
Herne
in
East-Kent
,
His
remove
into
Kent
.
where
he
was
a
fruitfull
and
painful
Preacher
,
at
which
time
it
pleased
God
to
reveal
to
him
the
true
doctrine
concerning
the
Lords
Supper
;
and
amongst
others
to
convert
by
his
Ministry
the
Lady
Phines
,
who
proved
an
eminent
instrument
of
Gods
glory
.
After
a
while
he
was
made
a
Prebend
of
the
Cathedral
Church
of
Canterbury
;
but
not
liking
his
society
there
,
he
travelled
into
France
,
and
at
his
returne
was
made
Chaplaine
to
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
and
Bishop
of
Rochester
,
His
preferments
.
and
from
thence
(
in
Edward
the
sixth
dayes
)
he
was
removed
to
be
Bishop
of
London
;
Preachers
pattern
.
In
which
places
hee
took
so
great
pains
in
preaching
,
that
he
was
dearly
beloved
of
his
flock
,
to
whom
also
he
was
singularly
exemplary
in
his
life
;
so
that
his
very
enemies
had
nothing
to
say
against
him
.
Every
Sabbath
,
and
holiday
he
preached
in
one
place
,
or
other
,
except
extraordinary
occasions
hindred
him
;
and
to
his
Sermons
multitudes
of
people
resorted
,
swarming
about
him
like
bees
to
gather
the
sweet
flowers
,
and
wholsom
juice
of
his
fruitfull
doctrine
.
He
was
passingly
well
learned
,
and
of
such
reading
,
that
he
deserved
to
be
numbred
amongst
the
greatest
Schollars
that
these
latter
ages
produced
,
as
appeared
by
his
notable
works
,
pithie
Sermons
,
and
sundry
disputations
in
bo●
Universities
,
which
drew
an
acknowledgment
of
his
learning
from
his
very
adversaries
.
He
was
of
a
strong
memory
and
of
great
reading
,
of
a
deep
wit
,
His
Character
.
very
judicious
,
an●
very
mercifull
.
He
was
of
person
right
comely
,
and
well
proportioned
in
all
points
,
both
in
complexion
and
line●ments
of
his
body
;
He
was
free
from
malice
,
and
soon
forgat
all
injuries
and
offences
done
against
him
;
very
kinde
to
his
kindred
;
yet
withall
telling
them
,
Note
.
that
if
they
did
evill
,
they
should
look
for
nothing
from
him
,
bu●
should
be
as
strangers
to
him
.
He
used
all
meanes
to
mortifie
his
flesh
;
being
much
in
prayer
,
and
contemplation
;
was
sober
in
discourse
,
and
sometimes
merry
at
meals
,
after
which
he
used
to
play
at
Chess
about
an
hour
,
His
recreation
and
then
returned
to
his
study
till
five
a
clock
at
night
,
when
coming
down
,
he
had
prayers
in
his
family
,
then
went
to
Supper
,
then
plaid
a
game
at
Chess
,
and
so
returned
to
his
study
till
eleven
a
clock
at
night
.
His
Family
government
.
His
manner
was
daily
to
read
a
Lecture
to
his
Family
at
prayer-time
,
giving
to
every
one
that
could
read
a
new
Testament
,
and
hiring
them
with
mony
to
learn
Chapters
by
heart
,
being
marvellous
carefull
that
his
family
might
give
an
example
of
godliness
and
virtue
to
others
.
He
called
Bishop
Bonners
mother
,
his
Mother
,
and
when
he
was
at
Fulham
,
had
her
constantly
at
meals
with
him
,
setting
her
at
the
upper-end
of
the
Table
,
who
ever
was
present
.
And
as
he
was
godly
himself
,
so
nothing
appeared
in
his
family
,
but
vertue
,
and
godliness
.
He
was
first
converted
by
reading
Bertrams
Book
of
the
Sacrament
,
His
conversion
and
much
confirmed
by
conference
with
D.
Cranmer
,
&
Peter
martyr
.
In
the
beginning
of
Q.
Marie's
days
,
he
was
imprisoned
with
the
first
,
first
in
the
Tower
,
His
imprisonment
.
and
from
thence
he
was
sent
to
Oxford
with
Cranmer
,
and
Latimer
,
and
there
kept
in
the
common
Goal
,
He
is
sent
to
Oxford
.
till
at
length
being
severed
from
his
brethren
,
he
was
committed
to
the
custodie
of
one
Irish
,
with
whom
he
remained
till
the
day
of
his
death
,
which
was
Octob.
16.
an
.
Christi
1555.
Writing
to
Latimer
in
prison
he
saith
,
Note
.
I
pray
you
good
father
,
let
me
have
something
more
from
you
to
comfort
my
stomach
,
for
except
the
Lord
assist
me
in
his
service
,
I
shall
p●ay
but
the
part
of
a
white-liver'd
Knight
;
but
he
can
make
a
coward
in
his
cause
to
fight
like
a
man
.
Charity
to
Christ's
prisoners
.
In
a
Leter
to
M.
Bradford
he
saith
,
As
far
as
London
is
from
Oxford
,
yet
thence
we
have
received
both
meat
,
mony
,
and
shirts
,
not
onely
from
our
acquaintance
,
but
from
some
strangers
also
.
I
know
for
whole
sake
they
doe
it
,
&c.
And
again
▪
Ever
since
I
heard
of
our
dear
brother
Rogers
his
stout
confession
▪
and
departing
(
blessed
be
God
for
it
)
I
never
felt
any
●●mpish
heavines
in
my
heart
,
as
sometimes
I
did
before
.
Note
.
And
again
,
Sir
,
Blessed
be
God
,
notwithstanding
our
hard
restraint
,
and
the
evil
reports
raised
of
us
,
we
are
m●rry
in
God
,
and
all
our
care
is
,
and
shall
be
(
by
Gods
grace
to
please
and
serve
him
,
from
whom
w●
expect
,
after
these
temporary
,
and
moment
any
miseries
,
to
have
eter●al
●oy
,
and
perpetual
felicity
▪
with
Abraham
,
Isaac
,
and
Jacob
,
&c.
As
yet
never
a
learned
man
,
scholer
or
other
,
hath
visited
us
since
our
coming
to
Bocardo
,
which
now
may
be
called
the
Colledge
of
Quond●ms
;
for
we
be
no
fewer
then
three
,
and
I
dare
say
every
one
well
contented
with
his
portion
,
which
is
our
heavenly
fathers
good
and
gracious
gift
.
Farewell
,
We
shall
by
the
grace
of
God
one
day
meet
and
be
merry
together
;
which
day
assuredly
approacheth
,
the
Lord
grant
it
may
shortly
come
.
Writing
to
Master
Grindal
,
who
was
now
in
exile
,
In
his
Letter
to
Mr.
Grindall
.
he
thus
gives
him
an
account
of
his
condition
.
I
was
(
saith
he
)
about
two
months
close
Priso●er
in
the
Tower
,
after
that
without
(
my
s●eking
)
I
had
the
liberty
of
the
Tower
granted
me
,
and
so
I
continued
about
halfe
a
year
,
till
refusing
to
be
present
at
Mass
,
I
was
shut
up
close
prisoner
again
.
The
last
Lent
but
one
,
by
reason
of
the
rising
in
Kent
,
the
Tower
was
so
full
of
prisoners
,
that
my
Lord
Arch
Bish.
of
Canterbury
,
Master
Latimer
,
Master
Bradford
,
and
my selfe
,
were
all
put
into
one
Prison
,
where
we
remained
till
almost
Easter
,
and
then
Doctor
Cranmer
,
Master
Latimer
,
and
my selfe
,
were
sent
down
to
Oxford
,
and
were
suffered
to
have
nothing
with
us
,
but
what
we
carried
upon
us
.
A●bout
Whitsuntide
following
was
our
disputations
at
Oxford
,
after
which
we
had
Pen
,
Ink
,
and
all
things
taken
from
us
,
yea
,
and
our
own
servants
were
removed
from
us
,
and
strangers
set
in
their
steads
,
and
all
of
us
kept
apart
,
as
we
are
unto
this
da●
God
be
blessed
we
are
all
three
in
health
,
and
of
good
cheer
,
and
have
looked
long
agoe
to
have
been
dispatched
;
for
within
a
〈◊〉
or
two
after
our
disputations
we
w●re
condemned
for
Heretic●s
:
The
Lords
wil
be
fulfilled
in
us
.
His
courage
.
&c
When
he
was
brought
before
the
Popes
D●legate
[
the
Bishop
of
Lincoln
]
in
the
Divinity
School
in
Oxford
,
whilst
the
Commission
was
reading
,
he
stood
●are
till
he
heard
the
Cardinall
named
,
and
the
Popes
holiness
,
and
then
he
put
on
his
Cap
,
and
being
,
a●monished
by
the
Bishop
to
pull
it
off
,
he
answered
,
I
do
not
put
it
on
in
contempt
to
your
Lordship
,
&c.
but
that
by
this
my
behaviour
,
I
may
make
it
appear
that
I
acknowledg
in
〈◊〉
point
the
usurped
Supremacy
of
Rome
,
and
therfore
I
utterl●
contemne
and
despise
all
Authority
coming
from
the
Pope
Then
the
Bishop
commanding
the
Bedle
to
pull
off
his
Cap
he
bowing
his
head
,
His
cond●mnation
.
suffered
him
quietly
to
do
it
.
After
diverse
examinations
,
he
was
at
last
degraded
,
condemned
,
and
delivered
to
the
Bailisss
to
be
kept
till
the
n●xt
day
,
when
he
should
be
burned
.
The
night
before
he
suffered
he
caused
his
beard
to
be
shaven
,
His
cheerful●ess
●efore
his
death
.
and
his
feet
washed
,
and
bad
his
Hostess
,
and
the
rest
at
the
board
to
his
wedding
:
He
asked
his
brother
also
whether
his
sister
could
finde
in
her
he●r
to
b●e
present
at
it
?
Yea
,
said
hee
,
I
dare
say
with
all
her
heart
.
His
Hostess
(
Mistris
Irish
)
weeping
,
he
said
,
O
Mistris
Irish
,
I
see
now
that
you
love
me
not
;
for
in
that
you
weep
,
it
appears
that
you
will
not
be
at
my
marriage
,
nor
are
therewith
content
:
I
see
you
are
not
so
much
my
friend
as
I
thought
;
but
quiet
your self
,
though
my
break-fast
be
somewhat
sharpe
,
and
pain●ull
,
yet
I
am
sure
my
Supper
shall
be
more
pleasant
and
sweet
.
A
good
conscience
a
continual
feast
.
His
brother
proffering
to
watch
with
him
he
refused
it
,
saying
,
I
intend
to
goe
to
bed
,
and
sleep
as
quietly
as
ever
I
did
in
my
life
.
In
the
morning
he
came
forth
in
a
fair
black
gowne
,
faced
with
foins
,
and
tippet
of
velvet
,
&c.
and
looking
behind
him
,
he
spied
Master
Latimer
coming
after
,
to
whom
he
said
,
His
carriage
at
his
Martyrdome
.
O!
bee
you
there
?
Yea
,
said
Latimer
,
have-after
as
fast
as
I
can
follow
.
Coming
to
the
stake
,
he
lift
up
his
hands
and
eyes
stedfastly
to
heaven
,
and
espying
Master
Latimer
,
he
ran
with
a
cheerfull
countenance
to
him
,
embraced
,
His
faith
.
and
kissed
him
,
and
comforted
him
,
saying
,
Be
of
good
heart
brother
,
for
God
will
either
asswage
the
fury
of
the
flame
,
or
give
us
strength
to
abide
it
.
So
he
went
to
the
stake
,
kneeled
by
it
,
kissed
it
,
and
prayed
earnestly
,
and
being
about
to
speak
to
the
people
,
some
ran
to
him
,
and
stopped
his
mouth
with
their
hands
.
Afterwards
being
stripped
,
he
stood
upon
a
stone
by
the
stake
,
saying
.
O
heavenly
father
,
I
give
thee
hearty
thanks
,
His
prayer
at
the
stake
.
for
that
thou
hast
called
me
to
be
a
professor
of
thee
even
unto
death
,
I
beseech
thee
Lord
God
have
mercy
upon
this
Realm
of
England
,
and
deliver
it
from
all
its
enemies
.
As
a
Smith
was
knocking
in
the
staple
which
held
the
chain
,
he
said
to
him
,
Good
fellow
knock
it
in
hard
,
for
the
flesh
will
have
his
course
.
Note
.
Then
his
brother
brought
a
bag
of
gunpowder
,
and
would
have
tyed
it
about
his
neck
.
Doctor
Ridley
asked
what
it
was
?
His
Brother
answered
,
gunpowder
;
then
said
he
,
I
take
it
as
being
sent
of
God
,
therefore
I
will
receive
it
as
sent
from
him
.
And
when
he
saw
the
flame
a
coming
up
to
him
,
he
cryed
with
a
loud
voice
,
In
manus
tuas
,
&c.
Into
thy
hands
,
Lord
,
I
commend
my
spirit
,
Lord
receive
my
soul
:
His
cruel
martyrdom
.
But
the
fire
being
kept
down
by
the
wood
,
he
desired
them
for
Christs
sake
to
let
the
fire
come
to
him
,
which
his
brother
in
law
mis-understanding
,
still
heaped
on
faggots
,
whereby
his
nether
parts
were
burned
,
before
his
upper
parts
were
touched
.
At
last
his
upper
parts
fell
down
into
the
fire
also
,
His
Death
.
and
so
he
slept
in
the
Lord
.
Bishop
Ridley
upon
a
time
crossing
the
Thames
,
there
rose
on
a
sudden
such
a
Tempest
,
that
all
in
the
boat
were
astonished
,
looking
for
nothing
but
to
be
drowned
:
Take
heart
,
said
he
,
His
Prophecy
.
for
this
boat
carrieth
a
Bishop
that
must
be
burned
,
and
not
drowned
.
He
suffered
martyrdome
Anno
Christi
,
1555.
He
was
a
man
so
reverenced
for
his
learning
,
and
knowledge
in
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
that
his
very
enemies
were
enforced
to
acknowledge
that
he
was
an
excellent
Clerk
,
and
if
his
life
might
have
been
redeemed
with
monie
,
the
Lord
Dacres
of
the
North
,
being
his
Kinsman
,
would
have
given
10000l
.
for
the
same
,
rather
then
that
he
should
be
burned
.
But
so
unmercifull
and
cruel
was
Q.
Mary
,
Q.
Maries
unmercifulnesse
.
that
notwithstanding
D.
Ridleys
gentleness
towards
her
in
King
Edward
the
sixth
days
,
she
would
by
no
intreaties
,
nor
other
means
be
perswaded
to
spare
his
life
.
The
tender
mercies
of
the
wicked
are
cruelty
.
In
a
Letter
which
he
wrote
to
his
friends
,
he
hath
this
passage
:
In
a
Letter
.
I
warne
you
my
friends
,
that
ye
be
not
astonished
at
the
manner
of
my
dissolution
,
for
I
assure
you
I
think
it
the
greatest
honor
that
ever
I
was
called
to
in
all
my
life
;
and
therefore
I
thank
the
Lord
God
heartily
for
it
,
that
it
hath
pleased
him
of
his
great
mercy
to
cal
me
to
this
high
honor
,
to
suffer
death
willingly
for
his
sake
,
and
in
his
cause
;
wherefore
all
you
that
be
my
true
lovers
and
friends
,
rejoyce
,
and
rejoyce
with
me
again
,
and
render
with
me
hearty
thanks
to
God
,
our
heavenly
Father
,
that
for
his
sons
sake
my
Saviour
and
Redeemer
Christ
,
he
hath
vouchsafed
to
call
me
,
being
else
without
his
gracious
goodness
,
in
my selfe
but
a
sinful
and
vile
wretch
,
to
cal
me
(
I
say
)
to
this
high
dignity
of
his
true
Prophets
,
faithfull
Apostles
,
and
of
his
holy
and
chosen
Martyrs
to
dye
,
and
to
spend
this
temporall
life
in
the
defence
,
and
maintenance
of
his
eternall
and
everlasting
truth
.
Whist
he
was
Mr.
of
Pembrook-hall
,
he
used
to
walk
much
in
the
Orchard
,
where
he
learned
without
book
almost
all
Pauls
Epistles
,
and
the
Epistles
of
James
,
Peter
John
and
Jude
,
concerning
which
himself
said
,
He
learned
the
Scripturer
by
heart
.
Though
in
time
I
did
forget
much
of
them
againe
,
yet
the
sweet
smel
thereof
I
trust
I
shall
carry
with
me
into
heaven
,
and
the
profit
thereof
I
have
felt
in
all
my
life
time
hitherto
.
HVGH
LATIMER
The
Life
of
Hugh
Latimer
,
who
dyed
A
no
Christi
1555.
HUgh
Latimer
,
His
Birth
and
Education
.
born
at
Thirkesson
in
the
County
of
Leicester
,
being
of
a
prompt
and
sharp
wit
,
was
by
his
parents
brought
up
in
learning
,
and
at
the
age
of
fourteene
he
went
to
Cambridge
,
He
went
to
Cambridge
.
where
,
after
he
had
profited
in
other
studies
,
he
gave
himself
to
the
study
of
School-Divinity
,
Commenced
Batchelor
in
Divinity
,
and
was
a
very
zealous
Papist
,
A
zealous
Papist
.
made
an
Oration
against
Philip
Melancthon
:
Railed
against
Master
Stafford
;
Divinity-Lecturer
,
and
willed
the
Scholars
in
no
wise
to
believe
him
.
He
was
so
zealous
in
his
Popish
Religion
,
and
therewith
so
scrupilous
,
that
being
a
Priest
,
and
using
to
say
Mass
,
he
was
so
servile
an
observer
of
the
Romish
Decrees
,
that
he
thought
he
had
never
sufficiently
mixed
his
Massing-wine
with
water
,
and
that
he
should
never
be
damned
if
once
he
were
a
professed
Frier
,
He
used
to
carry
the
Crosse
before
the
Procession
.
Master
Thomas
Bilney
,
Mr
Bilny's
prudent
charity
.
seeing
Mr.
Latimer
to
have
a
zeal
in
his
wayes
(
although
without
knowledge
)
was
stricken
with
a
brotherly
pitty
towards
him
,
thinking
by
what
meanes
he
might
best
win
this
ignorantly
zealous
brother
to
the
true
knowledge
of
Christ
▪
And
thereupon
going
to
his
study
,
he
desired
him
to
hear
him
make
a
Confession
of
his
Faith
,
which
Latimer
consenting
to
,
was
so
touched
thereby
,
His
conversion
.
that
he
gave
over
School
Divinity
,
and
studied
more
Orthodox
Divines
.
So
that
whereas
before
he
was
an
enemy
,
and
almost
a
persecutor
of
Christ
,
he
was
now
a
zealous
seeker
after
him
;
changing
his
old
manner
of
cavilling
and
railing
,
into
diligent
conferring
with
Mr.
Bilney
and
others
.
And
asked
Mr.
Stafford
forgivenesse
before
he
died
.
Being
thus
wonne
to
Christ
,
he
was
not
satisfied
with
his
own
conversion
,
but
pittying
the
misery
of
others
,
he
became
a
powerfull
publick
Preacher
;
and
an
instructor
of
many
in
private
also
;
Sathans
malice
.
whereupon
the
Devill
raised
up
many
Doctors
and
Fryers
against
him
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Ely
forbade
him
to
preach
,
Anno
Christi
1529
:
yet
he
continued
three
years
preaching
with
much
applause
;
The
fruit
of
grace
.
yea
the
Bishop
himself
hearing
him
upon
a
time
,
commended
him
,
and
wished
that
he
had
the
like
gifts
himself
.
He
used
often
to
visit
the
Prisoners
,
His
Charity
.
to
relieve
the
needy
,
and
feed
the
hungry
.
Amongst
the
Adversaries
which
the
Devill
raised
against
him
,
one
was
Doctor
●edman
,
who
wrote
to
him
to
divert
him
from
the
Truth
:
His
Letter
to
Dr.
Redman
.
To
which
he
mad●
this
short
answer
;
Reverend
Mr.
Redman
,
It
's
enough
for
me
that
Christs
sh●ep
hear
no
mans
voice
but
Christs
;
and
as
for
you
,
you
have
no
voice
of
Christ
against
me
;
whereas
for
my
part
I
have
an
heart
ready
to
hearken
to
any
voice
of
Christ
that
you
can
produce
.
Thus
fare
you
well
,
and
trouble
me
no
more
from
talking
with
the
Lord
my
God
.
But
shortly
after
,
complaint
was
made
against
him
to
the
Cardinal
,
who
sent
for
him
;
but
by
the
meanes
of
Dr.
buts
the
Kings
Physitian
,
a
favourer
of
good
men
,
he
was
chosen
into
the
number
of
those
which
laboured
in
the
cause
of
the
Kings
Supremacy
;
Gods
providence
.
whereupon
he
went
to
the
Court
,
and
lodged
in
Doctor
Buts
his
chamber
,
preaching
many
times
in
London
.
At
last
being
weary
of
the
Court
by
the
Lord
Cromwel's
means
he
had
a
living
given
him
in
Wiltshire
,
whither
he
presently
removed
;
The
place
was
called
West-Kingstone
,
He
goes
into
Wiltshire
.
near
Sarum
,
where
with
much
diligence
he
instructed
his
flock
,
and
preached
zealously
many
times
abroad
in
the
Country
.
Popish
mali●e
Whereupon
some
Popish
Priests
drew
up
Articles
against
him
;
and
he
was
much
molested
by
the
Bishop
of
London
,
and
Warham
,
Archbish●p
of
Canterburie
,
by
whom
he
was
cited
to
appear
before
him
,
and
the
Bishop
of
London
.
These
malicious
persons
detained
him
for
a
long
space
from
his
cure
at
home
,
calling
him
three
times
every
week
before
them
,
which
much
troubled
him
,
seeing
they
would
neither
preach
themselves
,
nor
suffer
him
to
doe
his
duty
:
He
writes
to
the
Archbish.
Hereupon
hee
wrote
to
the
Archbishop
,
expostulating
with
him
,
for
so
detaining
him
from
his
charge
,
and
that
for
no
just
cause
,
but
onely
for
preaching
the
truth
against
sundry
abuses
which
were
crept
into
the
Church
.
Yet
this
nothing
prevailed
till
the
King
rescued
him
out
of
their
hands
,
and
at
the
request
of
the
Lord
Cromwell
made
him
Bishop
of
Worcester
.
He
is
made
bishop
of
Worcester
.
In
which
place
he
busily
employed
himself
in
instructing
his
flock
▪
and
giving
them
a
good
example
by
his
holy
life
.
He
spent
all
his
time
in
study
,
teaching
,
A
good
bishop
.
preaching
,
exhorting
,
visiting
,
correcting
,
and
reforming
to
the
utmost
of
his
power
,
and
as
the
times
could
bear
▪
and
though
he
could
not
utterly
extinguish
the
reliques
of
Popery
,
yet
he
so
wrought
that
they
should
be
used
with
as
little
hurt
,
and
with
as
much
profit
as
might
be
.
Yet
neither
there
was
he
quiet
;
for
one
of
great
place
accused
him
to
the
King
for
preaching
Sedition
,
Sathans
malice
.
but
the
King
rested
satisfi'd
with
his
answer
.
At
New-years-tide
the
Bishops
us'd
to
present
the
King
with
a
New-years
gift
,
His
faithful
boldness
.
and
Bishop
Latimer
,
amongst
the
rest
,
presented
him
with
the
New
Testament
,
wrapped
up
in
a
Napkin
,
with
this
Posie
about
it
,
Fornicatores
,
&
adulteros
judicabit
Dominus
:
Whereof
the
King
was
very
guilty
.
Whoremongers
and
Adulterers
God
will
judge
.
But
the
six
Articles
coming
out
,
and
he
seeing
that
he
could
not
retain
his
Office
with
a
good
conscience
,
of
his
own
accord
he
resigned
his
Bishoprick
:
He
resignes
his
Bishoprick
.
And
when
he
put
off
his
Rochet
in
his
chamber
amongst
his
friends
,
he
gave
a
skip
in
the
floor
for
joy
,
Note
.
feeling
his
shoulders
lighter
,
and
being
(
as
he
said
)
discharged
of
so
heavy
a
burthen
.
This
was
Anno
Christi
1539
,
after
which
he
betooke
himself
again
to
his
mean
Parsonage
at
West-Kingston
in
Wiltshire
,
not
farre
from
Bristow
:
Yet
by
the
malice
of
certain
Popish
Priests
who
slandered
his
Doctrine
,
he
was
much
endangered
;
He
is
againe
troubled
and
freed
by
the
King
.
whereupon
he
had
recourse
to
Mr.
Ralph
Morrice
,
who
was
Doctor
Cranmers
right
hand
,
by
whose
intreatie
the
Archbishop
so
prevailed
with
the
King
for
him
,
that
for
the
present
he
was
freed
out
of
his
troubles
;
yet
neither
then
would
the
Bishops
suffer
him
to
be
quiet
,
His
imprisonment
in
the
Tower
.
till
he
was
layd
up
in
the
Tower
,
where
he
remained
till
Edward
the
sixth's
Reign
.
At
which
time
being
restored
to
his
liberty
,
he
continued
a
faithfull
and
painfull
preacher
all
that
Kings
dayes
;
His
painfulnes
in
his
Ministry
.
preaching
twice
every
Sabbath
,
though
67
yeares
of
age
.
He
rose
to
his
Study
Winter
,
and
Summer
,
at
two
a
clock
in
the
morning
.
His
studiousnes
He
evidently
fore-saw
,
and
fore-told
a●l
those
plagues
which
England
afterwards
felt
under
Queen
Mary
;
His
prophesies
and
fore-told
concerning
himself
,
that
his
preaching
of
the
Gospel
would
cost
him
his
life
;
Steph.
Gardiner
and
that
Winchester
was
kept
in
the
Tower
for
the
same
purpose
,
which
afterwards
proved
so
.
He
is
sent
for
.
In
the
beginning
of
Queen
Maries
Reign
he
was
sent
for
up
by
a
Pursuivant
,
whereof
he
had
notice
six
houres
before
he
came
to
his
house
,
Fligh●
refused
.
yet
instead
of
flying
,
he
prepared
himself
for
his
journey
.
And
when
the
Pursuivant
came
,
His
Courage
.
he
said
to
him
;
My
friend
,
you
are
welcome
;
I
goe
as
willingly
to
London
to
give
an
account
of
my
Faith
,
as
ever
I
went
to
any
place
in
the
world
;
and
I
doubt
not
but
as
God
hath
made
me
worthy
formerly
to
preach
his
Word
before
two
excellent
Princes
,
so
he
will
enable
me
to
bear
witnesse
to
the
Truth
b●fore
the
third
,
either
to
her
eternal
comfort
,
or
discomfort
.
The
Pursuivant
having
delivered
his
Letter
,
He
is
tempted
.
told
him
,
that
he
was
commanded
not
to
stay
for
him
,
and
so
immediately
departed
:
His
Adversaries
hopine
that
he
would
have
fled
;
but
Latimer
hasted
after
to
London
,
A
prediction
.
and
as
he
rode
through
Smithfield
,
he
said
,
that
Smithfield
had
groaned
for
him
a
long
time
.
Coming
before
the
Council
,
Comf●rt
in
affliction
.
after
many
mocks
and
scornes
,
he
was
●ent
to
the
Tower
,
where
the
Lord
gave
him
such
a
valiant
spirit
,
that
he
did
not
onely
bear
the
terriblenesse
of
imprisonment
,
His
imprisonment
.
but
derided
and
laughed
to
scorn
the
doings
of
his
enemies
.
This
aged
Father
being
kept
in
the
cold
winter
without
a
fire
,
bade
the
Lieutenant's
man
to
tell
his
Master
,
That
if
he
did
not
look
better
to
him
,
perchance
he
would
dec●i●e
him
.
The
Lieutenant
,
thinking
that
he
intend●d
to
make
an
escape
,
charged
him
with
his
words
;
to
whom
he
answered
,
You
think
I
shall
burn
,
but
except
you
let
mee
have
a
fire
,
I
shall
deceive
your
expectation
;
for
I
am
here
like
to
starve
with
cold
.
Thus
he
continued
a
long
time
in
the
Tower
,
with
as
much
patience
as
a
man
in
his
case
could
possibly
doe
;
and
at
last
from
thence
he
was
carried
to
Oxford
,
with
Cranmer
and
Ridley
where
t●ey
spent
their
time
in
brotherly
conference
,
He
is
sent
to
Oxford
.
fervent
prayer
,
and
fruitfull
writing
.
Yea
,
many
time
he
continued
so
long
in
fervent
prayer
that
he
was
not
able
to
get
up
without
help
.
Three
things
be
more
especially
prayed
for
:
1.
His
fervent
prayers
.
That
as
God
had
appointed
him
to
be
a
Preacher
of
his
Word
,
so
that
he
would
give
him
grace
to
stand
to
his
Doctrine
,
that
hee
might
give
his
hearts-blood
for
the
same
.
2.
That
God
of
his
mercy
would
restore
his
Gospel
to
England
once
againe
,
once
againe
,
which
he
often
inculcated
in
his
prayer
,
Prayer
▪
and
that
with
so
much
ardour
,
as
though
he
had
seen
God
before
him
,
and
spoken
to
him
face
to
face
.
3.
That
the
Lord
would
preserve
Queen
Elizabeth
,
and
make
her
a
comfort
to
this
comfortle●s
Realm
of
England
,
The
lord
most
graciously
answering
all
those
his
requests
.
At
last
he
was
condemned
,
and
with
Doctor
Ridley
was
carried
to
be
burned
.
When
he
came
to
the
stake
,
he
lift
up
his
eyes
with
an
amiable
and
comfortable
countenance
,
saying
,
Fidelis
est
Deus
,
&c
,
God
is
faithfull
,
who
will
not
suffer
us
to
to
be
tempted
above
that
which
we
are
able
,
&c.
When
the
fire
was
brought
,
he
said
to
Doctor
Ridley
,
Be
of
good
comfort
Brother
,
and
play
the
man
,
He
encourageth
Dr.
Ridley
we
shall
this
day
light
such
a
candle
by
Gods
grace
in
England
,
as
I
trust
shall
never
be
put
out
.
When
hee
was
stripped
into
his
shroud
,
he
seemed
a
very
comply
person
to
all
that
were
present
:
And
whereas
in
his
cloaths
he
appeared
a
withered
,
and
crooked
,
silly
old
man
,
he
now
stood
bolt-upright
,
as
comly
a
Father
as
one
might
likely
behold
.
As
he
was
burning
,
his
blood
ranne
out
of
his
heart
in
such
abundance
,
A
special
providence
.
as
if
all
the
blood
in
his
body
had
been
gathered
thither
,
to
the
great
astonishment
of
the
beholders
,
according
to
his
former
request
,
That
he
might
be
so
happy
as
to
shed
his
hearts-blood
for
the
Truth
.
When
the
fire
was
first
kindled
,
he
cried
,
O
father
of
heaven
receive
my
soul
:
His
death
.
And
so
receiving
the
flame
,
and
,
as
it
were
embracing
it
,
having
stroaked
his
face
with
his
hands
,
and
bathed
them
a
little
in
the
fire
,
he
soon
died
with
very
little
pain
,
or
none
at
all
,
Anno
Christi
1555.
In
a
Letter
to
King
Henry
the
eighth
,
In
a
Letter
to
King
Hen.
8.
he
thus
concludes
Wherefore
,
gracious
King
,
remember
your self
,
have
pitty
upon
your
soul
,
and
think
that
the
day
is
even
at
hand
when
you
shall
give
an
account
for
your
Office
,
and
of
the
blood
that
hath
been
shed
with
your
sword
:
In
the
which
day
that
your
Grace
m●●
stand
stedfast
,
and
may
have
your
Quietus
est
sealed
with
the
blood
of
our
Saviour
Christ
,
which
will
onely
serve
at
that
day
,
is
my
daily
prayer
,
&c.
The
Life
of
John
Philpot
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1555.
JOhn
Philpot
was
a
Knight's
son
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
born
in
Hampshire
,
brought
up
at
Schoole
,
and
sent
from
thence
to
New-Colledge
in
Oxford
,
where
he
studied
the
Liberal
Arts
,
and
the
Tongues
,
and
afterwards
the
Civil-Law
,
for
six
or
seven
years
space
.
His
Character
.
He
was
of
a
pregnant
wit
,
and
singular
courage
,
fervent
in
spirit
,
zealous
in
Religion
,
of
nature
apert
,
and
far
from
flattery
,
hypocrisie
,
and
dissimulation
.
From
Oxford
he
travelled
into
Italy
,
where
he
was
in
some
danger
for
his
Religion
:
His
travels
.
In
King
Edward
the
sixth's
dayes
he
returned
into
England
again
,
His
return
.
and
had
many
conflicts
with
Bishop
Gardiner
.
He
did
much
good
in
Hampshire
,
being
Archdeacon
of
Winchester
all
King
Edward's
dayes
.
Anno
Christi
1553
(
which
was
the
first
year
of
Queen
Mary
)
a
Convocation
was
assembled
,
A
Convocation
.
wherein
Doctor
Weston
was
Prolocutor
,
in
the
beginning
whereof
a
disputation
was
begunne
between
the
Papists
and
Protestants
;
wherein
Mr.
Philpot
was
so
earnest
,
Mr.
Philpots
zeal
.
that
Doctor
Weston
commanded
him
to
hold
his
peace
,
whereto
he
replyed
,
You
perceive
that
I
have
stuffe
enough
for
you
,
whereby
I
am
able
to
withstand
your
false
positions
,
and
therefore
you
command
me
silence
.
If
you
will
not
give
place
(
quoth
the
Prolocutor
)
I
will
send
you
to
prison
.
This
is
not
(
replyed
Mr.
Philpot
)
according
to
your
promise
made
at
first
in
this
house
;
nor
yet
according
to
your
brag
made
at
Paul's
Crosse
,
when
you
said
,
that
men
should
be
answered
in
this
disputation
,
to
whatsoever
they
could
say
,
and
now
of
a
dozen
arguments
that
I
have
,
you
will
not
suffer
me
to
prosecute
one
:
But
I
see
that
a
sort
of
you
here
,
which
hitherto
have
lurked
in
corners
,
and
dissembled
with
God
and
man
,
are
now
gathered
together
to
suppresse
the
sincere
Truth
of
Gods
V
Vord
,
and
to
set
forth
your
false
devices
,
which
by
the
sacred
Scriptures
you
are
not
able
to
maintain
.
But
six
daies
after
came
a
Mandate
from
the
Queen
to
break
up
the
disputation
;
The
Queen
dissolves
the
Convocation
.
whereupon
Doctor
Weston
,
who
all
along
had
used
many
unseemly
checks
and
taunts
to
the
Protestants
,
thus
concluded
:
It
is
not
the
Queens
pleasure
that
we
should
spend
any
longer
time
here
;
and
ye
are
all
well
enough
,
for
you
have
the
Word
,
and
we
have
the
Sword
.
And
shortly
after
Mr.
Philpot
was
cast
into
Prison
,
He
is
cast
into
prison
.
where
he
lay
a
yeare
and
a
half
before
he
was
examined
.
Then
he
was
sent
for
by
Doctor
Storie
,
and
after
some
captious
questions
proposed
to
him
,
was
committed
prisoner
to
the
Bishop
of
London's
Cole-house
,
unto
which
was
adjoyned
a
little
blinde-house
,
with
a
great
pair
of
Stocks
,
both
for
hand
and
foot
,
but
thankes
be
to
God
,
saith
he
,
I
have
not
played
of
those
Organs
yet
.
There
he
found
a
godly
Minister
of
Essex
,
Danger
of
Apostacy
.
who
,
desiring
to
speak
with
him
,
did
greatly
lament
his
infirmity
;
for
through
extremity
of
imprisonment
,
he
had
yeelded
to
the
Bishop
of
London
,
and
was
set
at
liberty
;
whereupon
he
felt
such
an
hell
in
his
conscience
,
that
he
could
scarce
refrain
from
destroying
himself
;
and
could
have
no
peace
,
till
going
to
the
Bishops
Register
,
and
desiring
to
see
his
Recantation
,
he
tore
it
in
peeces
;
whereupon
the
Bishop
sending
for
him
,
buffeted
him
,
pluckt
off
a
great
part
of
his
beard
,
Popish
cruelty
and
sent
him
to
this
Cole-house
,
where
Mr.
Philpot
found
him
very
joyfull
under
the
Crosse.
Joy
after
sorrow
.
Philpot
being
afterwards
sent
for
to
the
Bishop
,
he
asked
him
,
amongst
other
things
,
why
they
were
so
merry
in
Prison
,
singing
and
rejoycing
,
as
the
Prophet
saith
,
His
conference
with
B.
Bonner
.
Exultantes
in
rebus
pessimis
,
Rejoycing
in
your
naughtinesse
.
You
do
not
well
(
said
the
Bishop
)
herein
,
you
should
rather
lament
and
be
sorry
.
To
whom
he
answered
;
My
Lord
,
the
mirth
which
we
make
,
is
but
in
singing
certain
Psalms
,
as
we
are
commanded
by
Saint
Paul
,
to
rejoice
in
the
Lord
,
singing
together
in
Hymns
and
Psalms
;
for
we
are
in
a
darke
comfortlesse
place
,
and
therefore
we
solace
our selves
with
singing
of
Psalmes
;
lest
as
Solomon
saith
,
Sorrowfulness
eat
up
our
heart
:
Therefore
I
trust
your
Lordship
will
not
be
angry
,
seeing
the
Apostle
saith
,
If
any
man
be
of
an
upright
mind
,
let
him
sing
;
and
we
,
to
declare
that
we
are
of
an
upright
minde
to
God
,
though
we
be
in
misery
,
do
solace
ourselves
with
singing
.
Then
did
he
ask
him
what
his
judgement
was
about
the
Sacrament
of
the
Altar
?
To
whom
he
answered
,
My
Lord
,
Saint
Ambrose
saith
,
that
the
Disputation
about
matters
of
Faith
ought
to
be
in
the
Congregation
in
the
hearing
of
the
people
,
and
that
I
am
not
bound
to
render
an
accou●t
of
〈◊〉
to
every
man
privately
,
unlesse
it
be
to
edifie
.
But
now
I
cannot
shew
you
my
mind
,
but
I
must
runne
upon
the
pikes
,
and
endanger
my
life
:
Therefore
,
as
St.
Ambrose
said
to
Valentinian
the
Emperour
,
so
say
I
unto
you
,
Tolle
Legem
,
&
fiet
certamen
;
Take
away
the
Law
,
and
I
shall
reason
with
you
.
And
yet
if
I
come
in
open
judgement
,
where
I
am
bound
by
the
Law
to
answer
,
I
trust
I
shall
answer
according
to
my
conscience
,
as
freely
as
any
that
hath
come
before
you
.
After
other
discourse
(
saith
he
)
I
was
carried
to
my
Lords
▪
Cole-house
again
,
A
prison
a
palace
.
where
I
,
with
my
six
fellow-prisoners
,
do
rouse
together
in
the
straw
as
chearfully
,
we
thank
God
,
as
others
doe
in
their
beds
of
down
.
A
few
dayes
after
he
was
called
before
Bonner
,
His
conference
with
the
bishops
.
with
the
Bishops
of
Bath
,
Worcester
,
and
Gloucester
,
at
which
conference
the
bishop
of
Worcester
said
:
Before
we
begin
to
speak
to
him
,
it
's
best
that
he
call
to
God
for
grace
,
and
to
pray
that
God
would
open
his
heart
,
that
he
may
conceive
the
Truth
.
Hereupon
Mr.
Philpot
kneeling
down
said
,
Almighty
God
,
His
prayer
.
who
are
the
giver
of
all
wisdome
,
and
understanding
,
I
beseech
thee
of
thine
infinite
goodnesse
and
mercy
in
Jesus
Christ
,
to
give
me
(
most
vile
sinner
)
in
thy
sight
,
the
spirit
of
wisdome
to
speak
,
and
make
answer
in
thy
cause
,
that
it
may
be
to
the
contentation
of
the
hearers
before
whom
I
stand
,
also
to
my
better
understanding
,
if
I
be
deceived
in
any
thing
.
Nay
my
Lord
of
Worcester
(
quoth
Bonner
)
you
did
not
well
to
exhort
him
to
make
any
prayer
:
Popish
ignorance
.
For
this
is
the
thing
they
have
a
singular
pride
in
,
that
they
can
often
make
their
vain
prayers
,
in
which
they
glory
much
:
For
in
this
point
they
are
like
to
certain
arrant
Hereticks
of
which
Pliny
speaks
,
that
they
daily
sung
antelucanos
Hymnos
,
Praises
to
God
before
the
dawning
of
the
day
.
Then
said
Mr.
Philpot
,
My
Lord
God
make
me
,
and
all
you
here
present
,
such
Hereticks
as
they
were
:
for
they
were
godly
Christians
,
with
whom
the
Tyrants
of
the
world
were
offended
for
their
Christian
practises
and
well
doing
.
But
all
their
conference
proved
to
no
purpose
;
for
the
Bishops
would
not
dispute
,
and
Mr.
Philpot
would
not
take
their
words
without
Scripture
and
Arguments
,
so
he
was
returned
to
his
Cole-house
again
.
And
in
another
conference
with
Doctor
Morgan
,
the
Doctor
asked
him
,
His
conference
with
Doctor
Morgan
.
How
he
knew
he
had
the
Spirit
of
God
,
and
not
they
?
Phil.
By
the
Faith
of
Christ
which
is
in
me
.
Morgan
.
Popish
prophanesse
.
Ah
,
by
Faith
,
doe
you
so
?
I
ween
it
to
be
the
spirit
of
the
Buttery
which
your
fellows
had
,
which
have
been
burned
before
you
who
were
drunk
the
night
before
they
went
to
their
death
,
and
I
ween
went
drunken
to
it
.
Phil.
It
appeareth
by
your
speeches
,
that
you
are
better
acquainted
with
the
spirit
of
the
buttery
then
with
the
spirit
of
God
:
Mr.
Philpots
zeal
.
Wherefore
I
must
now
tell
thee
,
thou
painted
wall
,
and
hypocrite
,
in
the
name
of
the
living
Lord
,
whose
truth
I
have
told
thee
,
that
God
shall
rain
fire
and
brimstone
upon
such
scorners
of
his
Word
,
and
blasphemers
of
his
people
as
thou
art
.
Morgan
.
What
,
you
rage
now
?
Phil.
Thy
foolish
blasphemics
have
compelled
the
spirit
of
God
which
is
in
me
to
speak
that
which
I
have
said
to
thee
,
thou
enemy
of
all
righteousnesse
.
Morgan
.
Why
doe
you
judge
me
so
?
Phil.
By
thy
own
wicked
words
I
judge
of
thee
,
thou
blinde
and
blasphemous
Doctor
;
for
as
it
is
written
,
By
thy
words
thou
shalt
be
justified
,
and
by
thy
words
thou
shalt
be
condemned
.
I
have
spoken
on
Gods
behalf
,
and
now
I
have
done
with
thee
.
Morg.
Why
then
I
tell
thee
Philpot
thou
art
an
Heretick
,
and
shalt
be
burned
,
and
afterwards
goe
to
hell
fire
.
Phil.
I
tell
thee
thou
hypocrite
,
that
I
passe
not
a
rush
for
thy
fire
and
faggots
;
neither
,
I
thank
my
Lord
God
,
doe
stand
in
fear
of
the
same
.
But
for
the
hell
fire
which
thou
threatnest
me
as
my
portion
,
it
's
prepared
for
thee
,
unlesse
thou
speedily
repent
,
and
for
such
hypocrites
as
thou
art
.
After
sundry
other
examinations
he
was
by
the
Bishop
set
in
the
stocks
,
He
is
set
in
the
stocks
.
in
a
house
alone
,
of
which
he
writes
:
God
bee
praised
that
hee
thought
use
worthy
so
suffer
any
thing
for
his
names
sake
:
letter
it
is
to
sit
in
the
stocks
in
this
world
,
then
to
sit
in
the
stocks
of
a
damnable
conscience
.
At
last
he
was
condemned
for
an
Heretick
:
whereupon
he
said
,
I
thank
God
I
am
an
Heretick
out
of
your
cursed
Church
,
but
I
am
no
Heretick
,
before
God
.
Being
sent
to
Newgate
,
he
spake
to
the
people
as
he
went
,
saying
,
Ah
good
people
,
blessed
be
God
for
this
day
:
Having
notice
given
on
the
over-night
that
the
next
day
he
should
be
burn'd
,
His
condemnation
.
he
said
I
am
ready
,
God
grant
me
strength
,
and
a
joyfull
resurrection
;
and
so
he
went
to
his
chamber
,
pouring
out
his
spirit
unto
the
Lord
in
p●ayer
,
He
prepa●●●
for
death
.
and
giving
him
most
hearty
thanks
for
accounting
him
worthy
to
suffer
for
his
Truth
,
Going
into
Smithfield
,
the
way
was
very
foul
,
whereupon
two
Officers
took
him
up
to
bear
him
to
the
stake
:
then
●e
said
merrily
,
He
is
carried
into●mit
field
.
Wh●t
,
will
you
make
me
Pope
?
Comming
into
Smithfield
,
he
kneeled
down
,
saying
,
I
will
pay
my
vows
in
thee
O
Smithfield
:
He
kissed
the
stake
,
saying
,
Shall
I
disdaine
to
suffer
at
this
stake
,
when
my
Lord
and
Saviour
refused
not
to
suffer
a
most
vile
death
for
me
?
His
martyrdom
.
When
the
fire
was
kindled
,
with
much
meekness
and
comfort
he
resigned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
,
Anno
Christi
1555.
In
a
Letter
which
he
wrote
to
John
Carelesse
then
prisoner
in
the
Kings-bench
,
he
thus
writes
:
Indeed
,
my
dear
Carelesse
,
I
am
in
this
world
in
hell
,
and
in
the
shadow
of
death
;
but
he
that
for
my
deserts
hath
brought
me
down
into
hell
,
shall
shortly
lift
me
up
unto
heaven
,
where
I
shall
look
continually
for
your
comming
,
and
others
of
my
faithful
brethren
in
the
Kings-bench
.
And
though
I
tell
you
that
I
am
in
hell
in
the
judgement
of
the
world
,
yet
assuredly
I
feel
in
the
same
the
consolation
of
heaven
,
I
praise
God
:
And
this
lothsome
and
horrible
prison
is
as
pleasant
to
me
as
the
walks
in
the
Garden
of
the
Kings-bench
.
His
wonderful
joy
in
prison
.
And
in
a
Letter
that
he
wrote
to
his
Sister
,
he
thus
concludes
:
My
dissolution
I
look
for
daily
,
but
the
Lord
knoweth
how
unworthy
I
am
of
so
high
an
honour
,
as
to
die
for
the
testimony
of
his
Truth
.
Pray
that
God
would
vouchsafe
to
make
me
worthy
,
as
he
hath
done
of
long
imprisonment
.
Pray
,
and
look
for
the
coming
of
the
Lord
&c.
In
another
Letter
he
writes
thus
,
Commend
me
to
Mr.
Elsing
and
his
wife
,
and
thank
them
for
providing
me
some
ease
in
prison
;
and
tell
them
that
though
my
Lords
Cole
house
be
but
very
black
,
yet
it
is
more
to
be
desired
of
the
faithfull
then
the
Queens
Palace
.
The
world
wondereth
how
we
can
be
merry
in
such
extream
miseries
but
our
God
is
omnipotent
,
which
turneth
misery
into
felicity
:
Beleeve
me
there
is
no
such
●oy
in
the
world
as
the
people
of
Christ
have
under
the
Crosse
:
I
speak
by
ex●rence
,
therefore
believe
me
,
and
fear
nothing
that
the
world
can
doe
unto
you
,
for
when
they
imprison
our
bodies
,
they
set
our
souls
at
liberty
with
God
;
when
they
cast
us
down
,
they
life
us
up
;
yea
when
they
kill
us
,
then
doe
they
send
us
to
everlasting
life
;
and
what
greater
glory
can
there
be
then
to
be
made
confo●mable
to
our
head
Christ
which
is
done
by
afflictions
?
O
good
God
what
am
I
,
upon
whom
thou
shoulde
bestow
so
great
a
mercy
?
This
is
the
day
which
the
Lord
hath
made
,
let
us
rejoyce
and
be
glad
in
the
same
;
this
is
the
way
though
it
be
but
narrow
,
which
is
full
of
the
peace
of
God
,
and
leadeth
to
eternall
blisse
.
Oh
how
my
heart
leapeth
for
joy
that
I
am
so
near
the
apprehension
thereof
.
God
forgive
me
my
unthankfulness
and
unworthiness
of
so
great
glory
.
I
h●ve
so
much
joy
,
that
though
I
be
in
a
place
of
darknesse
and
mourning
,
yet
I
cannot
lament
,
but
both
night
and
day
am
so
joyfull
,
as
if
I
were
under
no
crosse
at
all
yea
in
all
the
daies
of
my
life
I
was
never
so
merry
,
the
name
of
the
Lord
be
praised
for
ever
,
and
ever
;
and
the
Lord
pardon
my
unth●nkfulness
.
Our
enemies
do
fret
,
fume
,
and
grash
their
teeth
to
see
,
and
hear
,
that
we
under
this
grievous
affliction
can
be
so
merry
.
Pray
instantly
that
this
joy
may
never
be
taken
from
us
,
for
it
passeth
all
the
delights
of
this
world
,
This
is
the
peace
of
God
which
passeth
all
understanding
:
This
peace
,
the
more
his
chosen
be
afflicted
,
the
more
they
feel
;
and
therefore
cannot
faint
neither
for
fire
,
nor
water
.
Whilst
Mr.
Philpot
was
prisoner
in
Newgate
,
He
defends
Infant
baptsim
a
dertaine
friend
of
his
that
scrupled
the
Baptizing
of
Infants
,
wrote
to
him
for
his
judgement
about
it
,
to
whom
he
wrote
a
large
and
learned
Answer
,
proving
by
Scripture
,
by
Arguments
,
by
testimony
of
the
Fathers
,
and
by
the
constant
practise
of
the
Primitive
Church
,
from
the
Apostles
daies
,
the
lawfulnesse
and
necessity
of
the
same
,
which
you
may
read
in
the
Book
of
Martyrs
vol.
3.
pag.
606.
&c.
THO.
CRANMER
The
Life
of
Thomas
Cranmer
,
who
died
Anno
Christi
1555.
THomas
Cranmer
was
a
Gentleman
by
birth
,
His
Birth
and
Education
.
of
a
very
ancient
Family
,
born
at
Arselacton
in
Nottinghamshirte
,
brought
up
at
School
,
and
from
thence
sent
to
Cambridge
,
where
profiting
much
in
learning
,
he
was
chosen
fellow
in
Jesus
Colledge
.
His
Marriage
.
After
which
he
married
a
wife
,
and
thereby
loosing
his
Fellow-ship
,
he
was
chosen
Divinity-Reader
in
Buckingham-Colledge
,
but
not
long
after
his
wife
dying
in
child-bed
,
He
is
again
chosen
Fellow
.
the
Master
and
Fellows
chose
him
again
Fellow
into
Jesus
Colledge
.
After
which
he
commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
.
From
thence
hee
was
chosen
a
Fellow
in
the
Foundation
of
Cardinal
Wolsey's
Colledge
in
Oxford
,
His
prudence
.
but
fore-seeing
the
danger
which
after
followed
,
he
refused
that
place
.
Whilst
he
was
in
Cambridge
,
the
question
arose
about
King
Henries
Divorce
from
his
brothers
widdow
;
and
the
Plague
breaking
forth
at
Cambridge
,
Doctor
Cranmer
retired
to
Waltham-Abbey
.
At
which
time
this
fell
out
.
Gods
providence
.
The
King
to
recreate
himselfe
,
and
to
take
private
counsell
with
those
in
whom
he
most
consided
,
who
were
the
Dukes
of
Norfolke
and
Suffolk
,
and
some
others
,
went
on
hunting
to
Waltham
,
at
which
time
he
signified
his
minde
to
Steven
Gardiner
his
Secretary
,
and
to
Fox
his
Almoner
,
willing
them
to
search
what
was
most
expedient
for
him
to
doe
;
to
end
well
that
controversie
about
his
Marriage
:
and
as
God
would
have
it
,
these
two
men
lodged
in
the
house
of
one
Master
Cressie
at
Waltham
,
where
also
Doctor
Cranmer
was
,
having
left
Cambridge
upon
the
forementioned
occasion
.
●nd
being
Tutor
to
Master
Cressies
two
sons
.
Gardiner
and
Fox
thus
meeting
with
him
,
and
knowing
him
to
be
famous
for
learning
,
and
piety
,
invited
him
to
their
good
cheer
,
and
asked
his
advice
concerning
the
Kings
cause
.
Dr.
Cranmer
was
at
fi●st
very
loath
to
deliver
his
judgement
,
but
being
much
importun●d
by
them
,
he
at
last
●aid
:
I
cannot
say
much
on
the
sudden
in
so
weighty
a
businesse
without
study
and
meditation
,
D.
Cranmers
advice
about
the
Kings
divorce
.
but
in
my
opinion
,
seeing
the
King
is
in
so
great
trouble
of
mind
and
conscience
,
nothing
can
more
encrease
it
then
so
great
delaies
,
and
wandring
in
Romish
suites
,
inwhich
whosoever
are
once
entangled
,
can
source
ever
extrica●e
themselves
out
of
the
snares
.
I
think
it
better
therefore
,
that
lay●ing
aside
all
delayes
,
and
Court
suites
,
wherein
the
King
hath
been
too
long
tossed
with
great
affliction
of
mind
,
the
judgement
of
Divines
,
hath
in
our
owne
and
forraign
Universities
be
searched
out
,
which
may
be
strengthned
with
the
law
of
God
,
and
as
they
shall
by
Gods
word
prove
it
lawfull
or
unlawfull
,
so
let
the
King
proceed
,
and
have
the
cause
then
determined
in
his
owne
Country
,
whereby
he
may
live
in
lawfull
matrimony
,
with
a
cheerfull
minde
and
quiet
conscience
,
which
is
much
to
be
desired
by
all
his
faithfull
sub●ects
.
When
he
had
thus
spoken
with
great
gravity
,
and
wisedome
;
S.
Gardiners
prid●
.
Gardiner
and
Fox
resenting
that
excellent
counsell
,
as
given
from
God
,
wished
that
the
King
had
had
such
counsell
given
him
before
he
ever
sent
to
Rome
.
The
day
after
when
they
c●●me
to
the
King
,
he
asked
them
what
was
done
in
his
business
:
whereupon
Fox
told
him
of
their
meeting
,
and
conference
had
with
Doctor
Cranmer
:
but
proud
Gardiner
seeking
to
invest
himselfe
in
the
praise
which
was
due
unto
another
,
would
have
made
himself
the
Author
of
that
counsell
,
but
the
King
neglecting
his
speech
,
asked
Fox
if
Cranmer
were
at
Waltham
still
?
and
being
told
that
he
was
,
he
presently
ordered
him
to
be
sent
for
,
saying
,
I
judge
his
counsell
right
,
if
I
had
knowne
it
two
dayes
agoe
,
I
had
saved
infinite
charges
,
and
had
lived
with
a
more
safe
and
quiet
conscience
.
When
Doctor
Cranmer
came
to
him
hee
much
excused
himselfe
,
as
insufficient
to
be
engaged
in
so
great
a
matter
,
yet
besought
him
to
commit
the
tryall
of
it
to
the
best
learned
men
in
both
Vniversities
:
Which
advice
the
King
liked
well
,
He
writes
his
judgement
.
yet
required
him
to
write
his
judgement
upon
it
also
,
and
commanded
the
Earl
of
Wiltshire
to
provide
him
retired
lodgings
books
,
and
whatever
else
was
necessary
for
so
great
a
work
:
which
task
being
finished
,
and
confirmed
by
Scriptures
,
Councils
and
Fathers
,
he
presented
it
to
the
King
:
who
(
having
read
it
)
asked
him
whether
he
would
justifie
it
before
the
Pope
?
D.
Cran.
professing
his
willingness
,
the
King
hastened
his
dispatch
to
Rome
and
sent
other
learned
men
abroad
to
forraign
Vniversities
to
dispute
this
question
amongst
the
Divines
there
;
where
it
was
concluded
,
that
no
such
matrimony
was
lawfull
by
the
word
of
God
.
He
is
sent
to
Rome
.
When
the
Kings
Ambassadors
came
to
Rome
,
the
Pope
proffering
them
his
foot
to
kiss
,
the
Earl
of
Wiltshire's
Spaniel
caught
his
great
Toe
in
his
mouth
,
An
unmannerly
dog
.
whereupon
the
Ambassadors
scorned
to
kiss
after
the
dog
,
and
the
Pope
pulled
in
his
foot
again
.
There
Cranmer
and
the
rest
proffered
to
defend
,
that
,
Jure
Divino
,
the
brother
ought
not
to
marry
the
brothers
wife
;
The
Pope●
evasion
.
but
none
appearing
against
them
,
the
Pope
made
Doctor
Cranmer
his
Penitentiarie
,
and
so
dismissed
them
.
From
thence
Doctor
Cranmer
travelled
to
the
Emperors
Court
at
Vienna
,
proffering
to
dispute
with
his
Divines
upon
the
said
question
:
But
Cornelius
Agrippa
in
private
conference
receiving
full
satisfaction
from
him
thereupon
easily
perswaded
other
learned
men
that
were
in
the
Emperors
court
not
to
contend
with
Cranmer
,
who
(
as
he
said
)
was
in
the
truth
,
so
that
no
man
contradicting
him
,
Cranmer
departed
from
the
Emperor
,
and
having
travelled
all
over
Germany
,
All
learned
men
for
the
divorce
.
he
brought
home
with
him
into
England
the
opinions
and
sentences
of
the
most
learned
men
that
lived
in
the
Vniversities
,
and
Courts
of
Princes
.
And
in
the
mean
season
others
sent
from
the
King
,
passing
through
all
the
Vniversities
of
Italy
and
France
,
brought
home
likewise
their
determinations
in
that
point
confirmed
with
their
publick
and
authentick
seales
,
agreeing
with
those
that
Cranmer
had
brought
out
of
Germany
.
His
industry
.
In
this
journey
to
and
fro
he
learned
all
the
New
Testament
by
heart
.
August
23.
Anno
Christi
1533.
William
Warham
Arch-Bi
.
of
Cante●bury
died
,
and
the
King
resolved
to
place
Doctor
Cranmer
in
his
room
,
who
was
at
this
time
in
Germany
about
the
Kings
business
,
and
was
loath
to
take
upon
him
an
office
of
such
high
dignity
in
the
Church
:
For
he
knew
that
there
was
an
oath
to
be
taken
to
the
Pope
of
Rome
before
he
could
be
installed
in
that
place
.
H●s
prudence
.
He
feared
also
what
issue
the
Kings
divorce
might
have
,
and
was
not
ignorant
of
the
Kings
violent
disposition
.
He
kn●w
that
sudden
and
great
changes
were
dangerous
,
and
that
the
Court
,
to
which
he
was
not
accustomed
,
was
full
of
deceipts
,
and
counterfeitings
.
That
he
must
in
all
things
obey
the
Kings
will
;
and
that
if
he
tripped
in
any
thing
never
so
little
,
there
would
be
some
,
who
out
of
envy
at
his
felicity
,
would
tumble
him
downe
headlong
when
he
began
to
fall
.
He
also
having
buried
his
first
wife
,
was
now
falne
in
love
with
a
young
maid
,
that
was
neece
to
Osianders
wife
,
whom
he
determined
to
marry
,
though
he
knew
it
was
forbidden
b●
law
for
a
Priest
to
marry
,
o●
for
a
man
to
be
made
a
Priest
who
had
married
a
second
wife
.
Weighing
these
things
seriously
with
himselfe
,
when
he
was
sent
for
by
the
King
to
return
home
so
soon
as
he
could
,
he
stayed
in
Germany
six
whole
months
,
framing
one
excuse
or
other
,
hoping
that
in
the
mean
time
,
some
or
other
would
get
the
Arch-Bishoprick
▪
●ut
such
were
the
times
then
,
that
every
man
feared
the
slipperiness
of
that
place
,
and
therefore
declined
it
.
At
last
Doctor
Cranmer
privately
marrying
his
wife
at
Norimberg
,
returned
home
,
and
was
made
Arch-Bishop
though
against
his
will
;
His
second
marriage
.
for
he
refused
the
dignity
offered
him
;
because
he
was
to
be
tyed
to
the
Pope
,
against
all
right
and
equity
,
His
humility
.
and
therefore
he
gave
the
Popes
Bull
into
the
Kings
hands
saying
,
He
is
made
Arch-Bishop
.
that
he
wou●d
never
receive
a
Bishoprick
of
England
,
but
from
him
who
was
the
head
of
England
,
nor
take
an
oath
that
was
derogatory
to
the
Kings
authority
.
And
thus
being
made
Arch
Bishop
,
he
carried
himselfe
as
formerly
he
had
done
,
rising
every
morning
at
five
a
clock
to
his
study
,
His
●udiousness
.
and
never
being
idle
all
the
day
.
After
dinner
,
if
he
had
no
s●iters
,
he
spent
an
hour
at
Chess
,
and
so
to
his
study
again
.
He
was
by
nature
very
charitable
,
and
gentle
,
so
prone
to
forgive
,
His
character
.
and
forget
wrongs
,
that
it
grew
into
a
Proverb
,
Doe
my
Lord
of
Canterbury
a
shrewd
tur●
,
and
●e
will
be
your
friend
as
long
as
you
live
.
He
opposed
the
6
Articles
.
Hee
stoutly
opposed
the
six
bloody
Articles
,
and
yet
with
such
humility
and
modesty
,
that
the
King
could
not
be
offended
with
him
for
it
.
He
was
so
free
from
passion
,
that
he
never
miscalled
the
meanest
of
his
servants
.
He
was
just
in
paying
all
men
,
so
that
when
he
was
cast
into
prison
he
owed
no
man
a
●arthing
.
He
relieved
many
that
were
in
want
:
The
whole
weight
of
reforming
Religion
lay
upon
his
hands
,
so
that
for
sixteen
years
together
his
house
was
never
empty
of
learned
men
to
assist
in
deciding
Ecclesiasticall
controversies
.
His
charity
His
Charity
.
to
the
poor
was
very
great
,
for
whom
he
provided
lodgings
,
being
sick
lame
,
wounded
,
&c.
and
appointed
an
Almoner
,
Physician
,
and
Chirurgion
to
attend
them
,
having
daily
hot
broth
and
meant
sent
them
from
his
own
Kitchin
.
He
had
many
and
great
enemies
of
the
Papists
,
especially
wily
Winchester
and
his
companions
,
Cranmer
hated
by
the
Papists
who
layed
a
traine
to
take
away
his
life
,
at
least
his
Arch-Bishoprick
by
bringing
him
within
the
compass
of
the
six
articles
:
which
by
Doctor
Parker
,
the
first
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
in
Queen
El●zabeths
dayes
,
is
thus
related
.
Doctor
Cranmer
(
saith
he
)
being
in
great
heaviness
for
the
death
of
the
Lord
Cromwel
,
was
accused
by
the
Papists
,
and
much
threatned
by
them
,
and
though
he
knew
that
he
was
not
safe
for
one
moment
of
time
,
yet
he
changed
not
the
cheerfullness
of
his
countenance
,
because
as
yet
he
kept
the
Kings
right
in
the
defence
of
the
Gospel
,
by
his
singular
wisdom
,
gravity
and
modesty
:
But
the
King
being
soon
entangled
by
conversing
with
Winchester
,
and
his
Popish
party
,
they
daily
so
deafned
him
with
their
continuall
complaints
against
the
Arch-Bishop
,
that
through
wearisomness
he
was
almost
constrained
to
grant
unto
them
the
life
of
that
most
innocent
man
:
Yet
by
Gods
speciall
providence
he
was
so
rooted
in
his
heart
,
that
when
the
Papists
most
presumed
,
and
the
godly
most
feared
his
ruine
,
the
King
resolved
to
provide
for
his
safety
and
welfare
.
In
the
mean
time
,
proud
and
malicious
Gardiner
,
His
disputati●n●
with
Gardiner
.
whose
favour
and
authority
was
thought
to
be
greatest
with
the
King
,
provoked
him
often
to
disputations
about
points
of
Divinity
in
the
presence
of
the
King
;
In
the
which
the
King
observed
that
Cranmer
never
departed
from
his
innate
gravity
and
modesty
,
whereas
Gardiner
always
rather
affected
a
little
glory
then
the
truth
.
And
when
Gardiner
,
that
h●
might
lessen
the
authority
of
the
scriptures
,
had
by
many
sophistical
arguments
endeavoured
to
prove
that
those
called
the
Apostles
Canons
were
of
equall
validity
,
and
authority
with
the
sacred
Scriptures
;
Cranmer
so
enervated
the
force
of
all
his
arguments
in
the
Kings
hearing
by
his
solid
calm
▪
and
moderate
answers
,
that
the
King
said
in
the
presence
of
many
unto
Gardiner
,
that
Cranmer
was
an
old
weather-beaten
souldier
in
Divinity
,
and
was
not
to
be
encountred
by
such
fresh-water
souldiers
as
himselfe
.
For
this
Gardiner
swelling
with
pride
,
stirred
up
as
many
against
Cranmer
as
possibly
he
could
,
judging
that
nothing
could
hinder
their
counsels
,
and
purposes
,
if
he
were
taken
out
of
the
way
.
At
Canterbury
,
and
all
over
Kent
,
by
the
procurement
of
Gardiner
,
many
were
suborned
to
accuse
Cranmer
of
Heresie
.
In
the
Parliament
one
Goswick
a
Knight
for
Bedfordshire
said
openly
,
Popish
malice
.
that
all
hereticall
s●dition
flowed
from
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
and
his
family
.
Some
great
men
about
the
King
,
hereupon
laboured
much
to
perswade
him
,
that
by
reason
of
these
imputations
,
Cranmer
should
be
excluded
from
the
Council-board
,
and
committed
to
the
Tower
of
London
till
inquiry
could
be
made
concerning
the
truth
of
those
reports
;
for
(
said
they
)
so
long
as
he
sits
in
counsell
,
for
fear
,
men
will
conceal
that
which
they
know
,
not
daring
to
utter
or
reveal
it
.
They
also
dispersed
●umors
that
Cranmer
was
already
condemned
in
the
judgement
of
the
King
,
and
should
be
shortly
beheaded
as
Cromwel
had
been
a
little
before
.
All
this
while
Cranmer
,
though
he
set
a
good
face
on
't
,
yet
privately
amongst
his
friends
much
bewailed
the
condition
of
those
evill
times
,
rather
then
his
owne
.
But
the
King
diligently
searched
out
all
these
treacherous
designs
of
the
Papists
,
and
marked
whereunto
they
tended
.
Once
for
recreations
sake
,
after
supper
,
the
King
would
goe
in
his
Barge
upon
the
Thames
,
and
being
there
,
commanded
his
Barge-men
to
land
him
at
Lambeth
staires
;
some
of
the
Arch-bishops
servants
observing
that
he
drew
thitherward
,
presently
informed
their
Master
,
who
hasted
to
the
bridge
,
either
to
salute
the
King
as
he
passed
by
,
or
to
entertain
him
into
his
house
.
The
King
seeing
him
,
bid
him
come
into
his
Barge
,
and
setting
him
by
him
,
had
much
private
conference
with
him
,
the
Barge-men
in
the
mean
season
rowing
hither
and
thither
.
In
this
conference
the
King
feigningly
complained
,
that
since
the
death
of
Cromwel
,
His
conference
with
the
King
.
England
was
much
troubled
with
hereticall
factions
and
parties
,
that
it
was
to
be
feared
,
that
if
these
wranglings
about
religion
were
nourished
,
more
grievous
mischiefs
and
civil
wars
would
arise
,
and
therfore
that
the
dissentions
about
Religion
were
to
be
appeased
;
for
which
end
,
by
the
advice
of
his
Bishops
and
Nobles
,
he
would
endeavour
to
finde
out
the
Arch-Heretick
who
was
the
author
of
this
mischief
,
and
whom
being
found
,
he
intended
severely
to
punish
,
yea
,
cruelly
to
burn
him
,
thereby
to
prevent
further
disorders
.
Cranmer
(
though
he
was
somewhat
affrighted
)
yet
answered
with
a
mild
countenance
,
that
he
liked
the
counsell
as
wholsome
,
that
the
whole
flock
of
hereticks
was
to
be
restrained
by
the
death
of
the
Arch-Heretick
●
but
hee
admonished
the
King
with
fatherly
gravity
and
modesty
,
that
hee
would
not
judge
them
Hereticks
,
who
relied
wholly
upon
the
Word
of
God
,
and
not
to
the
Traditions
or
Laws
of
men
.
Well
(
quoth
the
King
)
to
deal
plainly
,
we
are
told
by
many
,
that
you
are
the
Arch-Heretick
of
our
Kingdome
,
and
that
in
Kent
,
and
all
your
Province
you
hinder
the
Faith
established
in
Parliament
by
the
six
Articles
from
being
received
by
our
people
,
and
therefore
tell
us
plainly
both
what
you
think
,
and
what
you
have
done
concerning
them
?
To
this
the
Archbishop
stoutly
replyed
,
that
he
was
still
of
the
same
opinion
that
he
had
expressed
in
Parliament
when
that
Law
was
made
;
and
that
yet
he
had
not
offended
against
that
Law
since
it
was
made
.
Then
the
King
by
little
and
little
moderating
the
severity
of
his
speech
,
asked
him
pleasantly
,
whether
his
private
bed-chamber
was
free
from
the
breach
of
the
6
Articles
.
Cranmer
(
though
he
understood
by
the
six
Articles
that
it
was
a
capital
●ff●nce
for
a
Priest
to
be
married
,
and
that
the
King
knew
well
that
he
was
a
married
man
,
yet
)
answered
,
That
though
he
had
married
a
wife
,
yet
it
was
in
Germany
before
he
took
upon
him
the
Archbishop●ick
;
His
prudent
answer
.
but
for
all
that
,
he
had
done
nothing
against
that
severe
Law
:
For
(
saith
he
)
when
the
Law
was
once
made
,
I
never
touched
my
Wife
,
but
sent
her
into
Germany
to
her
kindred
and
friends
.
By
this
plain
answer
without
dawbing
,
Cranmer
bega●
in
the
Kings
minde
such
an
opinion
of
his
Learning
,
and
Honesty
,
that
he
cheared
him
up
,
telling
him
that
those
Art●●cles
were
not
ordained
for
his
sake
;
and
shewing
him
what
were
the
chief
accusations
laid
in
against
him
;
which
Cranmer
knowing
to
be
false
,
and
forged
by
the
envy
and
malice
of
his
Popish
Adversaries
,
intreated
the
King
to
appoint
Inquisitors
,
whereby
the
truth
might
be
sifted
out
:
For
(
saith
he
)
I
am
not
afraid
to
undergoe
the
hazzard
of
a
judgement
.
The
King
,
trusting
to
his
ingenuity
,
b●d
him
search
,
and
try
out
his
own
cause
himself
.
The
Kings
great
favour
to
him
.
But
Cranmer
replied
,
that
it
would
seem
unequall
to
his
Adversaries
,
that
he
should
be
made
Censor
of
his
own
acts
,
and
the●efore
still
desired
another
Judge
.
But
the
King
still
affirmed
that
hee
would
make
none
other
the
Inquisitor
of
his
life
,
having
p●t
so
much
trust
and
confidence
in
him
alone
,
knowing
that
he
would
certainly
,
and
fully
relate
the
truth
without
a
lye
,
of
his
own
deeds
,
whether
they
were
good
or
bad
:
After
which
words
the
King
dismissed
him
.
Presently
after
Doctor
Cranmer
sent
Doctor
Cox
,
his
Vicar
generall
,
He
is
betrayed
by
his
own
servant
.
and
Mr.
Anthony
Hussey
,
his
Secretary
,
with
ample
Commission
to
search
out
the
plots
which
were
contrived
against
him
by
the
Papists
of
Canterbury
,
who
spent
a
moneth
or
two
,
and
yet
did
little
,
being
persons
that
favoured
the
Popelings
.
In
the
mean
time
his
Adversaries
at
Court
urged
much
that
he
might
be
imprisoned
,
and
might
then
be
examined
of
the
Heresies
laid
to
his
charge
,
presuming
that
if
once
he
were
removed
out
of
the
Kings
sight
,
they
might
easily
overwhelm
him
with
feigned
crimes
,
and
so
work
his
destruction
.
And
the
King
being
tired
with
their
daily
importunities
,
granted
that
if
he
was
manifestly
convinced
of
any
crimes
either
against
Church
or
State
,
hee
should
be
carried
to
prison
.
Hereupon
Gardiner
and
his
associates
resolved
the
next
day
to
send
him
prisoner
to
the
Tower
,
and
the
King
concealed
his
purpose
,
that
he
might
see
how
far
their
malice
would
extend
,
A
design
to
have
committed
him
to
the
Tower
.
and
yet
resolved
to
secure
him
:
For
about
midnight
he
sent
Mr.
Denny
,
one
of
his
Bed-chamber
,
whom
hee
most
confided
in
,
as
not
liking
the
Popelings
,
to
Lambeth
for
Doctor
Cranmer
,
who
being
roused
out
of
his
sleep
,
came
presently
to
the
King
,
who
in
these
words
told
him
what
he
would
have
him
doe
.
Almost
all
my
Counsellors
(
saith
he
)
are
urgent
to
have
you
imprisoned
,
because
almost
all
England
is
defiled
with
Heresies
,
which
,
they
say
,
The
King
reveals
it
to
him
.
proceeds
from
you
,
and
certain
learned
strangers
whom
you
keep
in
your
house
,
and
therefore
they
would
have
you
under
custody
,
whilst
the
cause
is
enquired
after
,
without
which
they
cannot
finde
out
the
original
;
and
to
morrow
is
the
day
appointed
for
your
commitment
,
and
therefore
consider
whether
it
be
well
done
or
no.
Doctor
Cranmer
heartily
thanked
the
King
for
giving
him
this
warning
,
saying
that
he
refused
not
to
goe
to
prison
,
nor
to
stand
in
judgement
,
trusting
to
his
innocency
,
and
clear
conscience
,
affirming
that
he
would
rather
hazard
a
just
judgement
,
than
lie
under
unjust
suspitions
.
Onely
he
desired
that
since
his
Doctrine
and
Faith
were
called
into
question
,
he
might
have
learned
and
equall
Judges
to
heare
the
same
.
But
the
King
pittying
the
plain
simplicity
of
the
man
,
who
would
thus
expose
himself
to
the
malice
of
his
mortall
enemies
,
The
King
secures
him
.
said
to
him
;
Are
you
so
foolish
?
for
if
you
be
once
led
away
from
your
dignitie
,
and
from
the
light
and
sight
of
men
,
many
false
and
perjured
witnesses
will
arise
against
you
,
which
otherwise
durst
not
come
into
your
presence
?
Wherefore
seeing
you
neither
provide
for
your
dignity
nor
safety
,
I
will
give
you
counsell
,
that
you
be
not
overwhelmed
by
your
spightfu●l
Adversaries
.
To
morrow
they
will
send
for
you
;
they
will
object
against
you
the
crimes
of
Heresie
,
and
commit
you
to
prison
;
then
doe
you
request
them
,
that
since
you
are
one
of
my
Privy-counsell
,
they
would
deale
with
you
as
they
would
be
dealt
by
in
the
like
case
,
viz.
That
they
would
produce
your
accusers
in
open
judgement
,
whom
if
you
be
not
able
to
answer
,
you
will
patiently
endure
imprisonment
.
But
if
they
regard
not
this
your
just
and
equall
request
,
but
will
proceed
to
imprison
you
,
appeale
to
my
presence
,
and
audience
,
by
delivering
this
token
to
them
to
supersede
their
Decree
,
with
which
words
he
drew
off
his
Ring
from
his
finger
,
and
delivered
it
to
Cranmer
,
and
so
dismissed
him
.
The
next
morning
Gardiner
and
his
complices
met
in
the
Counsel-chamber
,
sent
to
Lambeth
for
Cranmer
,
but
when
he
came
,
He
is
basely
abused
.
would
not
let
him
in
.
The
Nobles
and
Courtiers
that
passed
by
,
marvelled
much
thus
to
see
the
Primate
of
all
England
,
and
the
most
inward
Counsellor
of
the
King
,
thus
shut
out
,
&
siting
amongst
Serving-men
that
waited
for
their
Masters
.
This
being
told
to
Doctor
Buts
the
Kings
Physitian
,
being
moved
with
the
indignity
of
the
fact
,
he
went
presently
to
drive
away
the
gazers
,
and
to
honour
the
presence
of
so
worthy
a
Father
.
But
presently
Dr.
Buts
was
sent
for
to
the
King
,
The
King
is
informed
of
it
.
and
when
he
came
to
him
,
he
said
;
I
have
seen
an
unusual
matter
,
and
such
a
thing
as
was
never
before
heard
of
.
What
's
that
(
quoth
the
King
?
)
Cranmer
(
said
hee
)
the
Primate
of
the
Kingdome
,
is
become
some
bodies
Serving-man
,
and
hath
stood
almost
this
hour
before
the
door
of
the
Counsel-chamber
waiting
upon
some
Master
.
Ha!
(
said
the
King
)
doe
my
Counsellors
so
disgracefully
use
the
Primate
?
and
being
moved
with
the
indignity
of
the
thing
,
he
presently
sent
a
command
that
Cranmer
should
be
admitted
into
the
Counsell-Chamber
.
When
he
was
entered
,
it
was
declared
to
him
,
that
the
King
and
his
Counsellors
were
informed
,
that
all
England
was
turned
from
the
Catholick
Faith
,
and
depraved
with
Heresie
,
which
proceeded
from
him
and
his
Family
,
and
that
therefore
he
must
be
committed
to
the
Tower
,
whilst
a
speedy
inquisition
was
made
to
know
whether
those
things
were
true
or
no.
Cranmer
desired
that
his
accusers
,
witnesses
,
and
proofes
that
they
had
against
him
might
be
produced
,
and
that
it
might
be
lawfull
for
him
to
answer
presently
,
and
thereby
to
defend
himself
,
alledging
that
it
was
very
unequall
that
the
Primate
of
England
,
and
a
Counsellor
,
whose
faith
was
never
doubted
of
,
nor
came
into
question
,
should
be
thus
disgracefully
thrust
into
prison
upon
bare
suspitions
,
to
the
prejudice
of
his
cause
:
urging
many
other
reasons
why
they
should
deale
more
gently
,
and
mildly
with
him
.
But
when
neither
intreaties
,
nor
arguments
could
prevaile
,
but
that
needs
to
prison
he
must
goe
,
Cranmer
said
,
that
he
was
very
sorry
that
they
forced
him
to
appeale
to
the
King
from
themselves
,
with
whom
hee
had
so
often
communicated
in
counsell
,
He
appeales
to
the
King
.
and
from
whom
he
expected
equall
dealing
upon
all
occasions
;
and
thereupon
delivering
the
Kings
Ring
to
them
hee
commanded
them
to
suspend
their
Decree
,
and
to
present
themselves
before
the
King
.
Then
said
the
Lord
Russel
(
afterwards
Earl
of
Bedford
)
Did
not
I
tell
you
that
the
King
would
never
suffer
him
to
be
imprisoned
,
unlesse
he
were
guilty
of
high
Treason
against
his
Majesty
?
and
so
they
went
with
Cranmer
to
the
King
.
The
King
sharply
rebuked
them
,
The
King
checks
his
Counsellors
.
telling
them
that
hee
looked
for
more
wisdom
,
and
gravity
amongst
them
,
then
to
keep
Cranmer
out
of
the
Counsell-chamber
,
to
force
him
to
stand
at
the
door
amongst
Serving-men
:
Asking
them
whether
any
of
themselves
would
endure
such
a
disgrace
?
And
withall
swore
(
striking
himself
upon
the
breast
)
that
hee
was
more
beholding
to
Cranmer
then
to
any
man
whatsoever
,
and
that
he
had
tried
him
,
and
knew
that
no
Prelate
could
exceed
him
in
his
fidelity
to
his
King
;
and
therefore
that
all
that
loved
him
,
should
hold
Cranmer
in
highest
price
and
estimation
.
The
King
speaking
thus
,
when
all
others
held
their
peace
through
fear
,
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
answered
,
It
was
not
our
purpose
to
hurt
the
Archbishop
at
all
,
but
that
keeping
him
in
custody
whilst
the
Inquisition
depended
,
his
innocencie
being
known
,
he
might
come
out
with
greater
credit
.
But
(
said
the
King
)
I
will
not
have
Cranmer
so
handled
,
nor
any
that
are
dear
to
me
.
But
I
perceive
some
crooked
,
and
cankred
hearts
raise
these
Tragedies
,
which
unlesse
they
bee
quiet
,
I
will
interpose
my
authority
to
restrain
them
and
so
he
departed
in
a
chafe
,
He
is
reconciled
to
them
.
and
all
the
Counsellors
shook
hands
with
Cranmer
,
desiring
to
be
reconciled
to
him
:
And
hee
being
of
a
most
sweet
,
and
mild
disposition
,
easily
forgave
all
offences
,
blotting
them
utterly
out
of
his
mind
;
and
from
that
time
forward
he
lived
secure
from
all
treacheries
,
being
in
such
high
favour
with
the
King
.
But
when
Doctor
Cox
,
The
King
provides
for
his
〈◊〉
.
and
Hussey
lay
loitering
at
Canterbury
(
not
without
suspition
)
and
did
nothing
in
the
inquisition
,
the
King
secretly
sent
Doctor
Lee
to
search
out
what
was
done
in
Cranmers
behalf
;
who
going
speedily
to
Canterbury
,
acquainted
himself
with
some
godly
persons
by
whose
directions
he
searched
the
houses
of
some
Popish
Priests
at
midnight
,
where
hee
found
Letters
written
from
Gardiner
,
which
opened
the
whole
plot
against
Cranmer
.
These
he
immediately
carryed
to
the
King
,
who
viewing
of
them
,
from
that
time
forwards
began
to
withdraw
his
affections
from
those
Popelings
;
and
withall
acquainted
Cranmer
with
those
Letters
,
bidding
him
beware
of
his
enemies
,
now
hee
knew
them
.
Amongst
the
Letters
that
were
found
in
Kent
,
one
was
written
by
the
Suffragan
of
Dover
,
another
by
Doctor
Barber
,
a
Civilian
,
which
two
men
were
well
esteemed
of
by
the
Archbishop
,
Two
Judasses
.
and
promoted
by
him
,
and
he
alwayes
shewed
them
great
favour
.
When
the
Archbishop
had
their
Letters
,
he
called
these
two
men
into
his
study
,
and
said
unto
them
,
You
two
are
men
in
whom
I
have
alwaies
put
most
confidence
,
and
to
whom
I
have
alwaies
communicated
all
my
secrets
,
you
must
now
give
me
some
good
counsell
;
for
I
am
shamefully
abused
by
one
or
two
whom
I
have
trusted
as
my self
;
but
these
persons
have
not
onely
disclosed
my
secrets
,
but
also
have
taken
upon
them
to
accuse
me
of
Heresie
,
and
are
become
witnesses
against
me
:
I
require
you
therefore
to
give
me
faithfull
advice
how
I
shall
behave
my self
towards
them
,
ex
ore
〈◊〉
,
&c.
&c.
Marry
(
quoth
Doctor
Barber
)
such
villains
and
knaves
deserve
to
be
presently
hanged
without
further
tryall
.
Hanging
is
too
good
(
saith
the
Suffragan
)
and
if
there
want
an
Executioner
,
I
would
be
the
Hangman
my self
.
At
these
words
the
Archbishop
,
lifting
up
his
eyes
to
heaven
,
said
;
O
Lord
,
and
most
mercifull
God
,
whom
may
a
man
trust
in
these
dayes
?
It
's
true
which
is
said
,
Cursed
be
he
that
trusts
in
man
,
and
makes
flesh
his
arme
.
There
was
never
man
used
as
I
am
;
but
Lord
thou
hast
evermore
defended
me
,
and
lent
mee
one
good
Master
(
meaning
the
King
)
without
whose
protection
I
could
not
be
safe
for
one
day
.
I
praise
thy
holy
name
for
it
.
Then
did
he
pull
out
of
his
bosome
those
two
Letters
,
saying
,
Know
you
these
Letters
my
Masters
?
With
that
they
fell
down
on
their
knees
,
asking
forgivenesse
with
many
tears
.
Well
(
said
the
gentle
Archbishop
)
God
make
you
both
good
men
,
I
never
deserved
this
at
your
ha●ds
:
But
ask
God
forgivenesse
,
against
whom
you
have
highly
offended
.
Thus
we
see
how
his
enemies
from
time
to
time
endeavou●ed
by
all
mean●
to
have
brought
him
into
displeasure
with
the
King
:
Gods
providence
.
Yet
it
pleased
God
so
to
over-rule
the
King's
heart
,
that
hee
would
never
be
alienated
from
him
;
which
favour
the
King
continued
to
him
so
long
as
he
lived
,
and
in
King
Edward
the
sixth's
daies
he
continued
in
his
place
,
He
is
h●●●d
by
Queen
Mary
.
and
much
holp
forward
the
work
of
Reformation
.
But
in
the
beginning
of
Queen
Maries
Reign
,
he
was
a
principal
man
whom
she
maligned
.
—
Manet
altâment●
repôstum
Judicium
Cleri
,
spretaeque
injuria
Matris
.
Her
Mothers
wrong
was
déeply
laid
to
heart
,
And
Clergies
doo●
,
for
which
they
now
must
smart
.
and
therefore
she
appointed
Commissioners
to
examin
him
,
who
commanded
him
to
bring
to
them
an
Inventory
of
all
his
goods
,
which
they
seized
upon
,
and
shortly
after
he
was
sent
prisoner
to
the
Tower
,
for
Treason
(
as
was
pretended
)
but
for
Religion
indeed
.
He
is
committed
to
the
Tower
.
Before
he
was
committed
to
the
Tower
,
some
of
his
friends
perswaded
him
to
fly
,
and
to
reserve
himself
for
better
times
;
but
he
answered
stoutly
,
If
I
were
accused
of
Theft
,
Murther
,
or
any
other
wickedness
perhaps
I
could
more
easily
be
perswaded
to
fly
;
He
refuseth
to
fly
.
but
now
I
●ee
that
I
must
be
questioned
not
for
my
faithfulnesse
towards
men
,
but
for
my
faith
towards
God
,
and
concerning
the
truth
of
the
holy
Scriptures
,
against
Papists
,
and
therefore
I
will
rather
lose
my
life
in
the
defence
of
the
truth
,
then
by
flying
out
of
the
Kingdome
,
He
is
removed
to
Oxford
.
to
desert
such
a
cause
.
From
thence
he
was
removed
to
Oxford
;
where
again
he
was
called
before
the
Pope's
Delegate
,
and
the
Queens
Commissioners
;
to
the
latter
he
did
obeisance
,
but
to
the
Pope's
Delegate
hee
would
doe
none
.
Before
them
he
made
a
worthy
Confession
of
his
Faith
.
He
appeals
.
When
they
proceeded
to
Degrade
him
,
he
pull'd
forth
an
appeale
from
the
Pope
to
the
next
general
Councill
;
but
his
death
being
determined
,
his
appeal
was
rejected
,
and
he
Degraded
.
He
is
degraded
When
he
came
back
into
prison
,
he
desired
to
eat
;
for
he
had
eaten
nothing
that
day
before
;
A
good
conscience
.
for
,
said
he
,
I
was
before
somewhat
troubled
,
but
now
,
I
thank
God
,
my
heart
is
quiet
.
He
had
not
one
penny
in
his
purse
to
help
himself
,
His
poverty
.
but
the
Lord
stirred
up
a
Gentleman's
heart
to
give
him
some
mony
,
for
which
he
had
like
to
have
come
into
great
trouble
.
He
was
kept
in
prison
almost
three
years
,
and
the
Doctors
in
Oxford
laboured
by
many
subtle
tricks
to
draw
him
to
a
Recantation
;
Popish
sub●iltie
.
removing
him
to
the
Dean's
house
of
Christ-Church
,
where
hee
had
dainty
fare
,
recreations
,
and
what
else
might
entice
him
from
Christ
to
the
world
:
His
tentations
.
they
promised
him
life
,
the
Queens
favour
,
his
former
dignity
,
and
what
not
,
if
hee
would
but
with
his
hands
subscribe
to
a
few
words
by
way
of
Recantation
,
which
if
he
refused
,
there
was
no
hope
of
pardon
.
Humane
infirmity
.
With
many
such
provocations
,
and
flatteries
,
they
at
last
prevailed
with
him
to
subscribe
it
.
The
danger
of
Apostacy
.
After
which
hee
neither
had
inward
quietnesse
in
his
own
conscience
,
nor
any
outward
help
from
his
adversities
:
For
the
Queen
being
glad
of
his
Recantation
,
His
death
appointed
.
yet
presently
resolved
his
death
,
appointed
the
time
(
when
he
least
expected
it
)
and
the
persons
that
should
see
it
performed
.
He
had
no
notice
of
his
death
,
till
the
very
morning
a
little
before
he
was
to
suffer
.
At
which
time
there
was
a
great
concourse
of
people
,
some
expecting
that
he
should
make
his
publick
Recantation
at
his
death
,
others
hoping
better
of
him
.
From
prison
he
was
brought
to
St.
Maries
Church
,
where
Doctor
Cole
(
by
the
Queens
order
)
preached
,
Doctor
Cole
preacheth
.
and
in
his
Sermon
affirmed
,
that
God
was
so
incensed
for
the
slaughter
of
Sir
Thomas
Moore
,
and
Doctor
Fisher
,
bishop
of
Rochester
,
(
who
were
beheaded
in
the
Reign
of
K.
Henry
the
8.
)
that
he
could
not
be
appeased
by
any
other
means
,
but
by
the
sacrificing
of
Cranmer
.
Vanity
of
worldly
glory
.
During
his
Sermon
,
Cranmer
was
set
on
a
stage
before
him
;
which
sad
spectacle
much
affected
many
,
to
see
him
,
who
had
lived
in
so
great
honour
and
favour
,
to
stand
there
in
a
ragged
gown
,
ill-favour'd
clothes
,
an
old
cap
,
and
exposed
to
the
contempt
of
all
men
.
Cole
,
in
his
Sermon
,
shewed
for
what
Doctor
Cranmer
was
condemned
,
encouraged
him
to
take
his
death
patiently
,
and
rejoiced
in
his
conversion
to
Popery
.
But
that
joy
lasted
not
long
.
The
Sermon
being
ended
,
His
Apostasie
repented
of
.
Doctor
Cranmer
entreated
the
people
to
pray
for
him
,
that
God
would
pardon
his
sin
,
especially
his
Recantation
,
which
most
of
all
troubled
his
conscience
,
which
he
said
was
contrary
to
the
truth
which
he
thought
in
his
heart
,
and
written
for
feare
of
death
,
and
upon
the
hope
of
life
.
And
,
said
he
,
That
hand
of
mine
which
hath
written
contrary
to
my
heart
,
shall
first
be
punished
.
At
these
words
the
Doctors
beganne
to
rage
and
fume
,
He
is
pulled
down
rudely
.
and
caused
him
to
be
pulled
down
from
the
stage
,
and
his
mouth
to
be
stopped
that
he
should
not
speak
to
the
people
.
The
place
appointed
for
his
Martyrdome
was
the
same
where
Doctor
Ridley
,
and
Master
Latimer
had
before
suffered
;
and
when
he
was
brought
to
it
,
he
kneeled
down
,
and
prayed
;
and
so
put
off
his
cloaths
.
When
the
fire
was
kindled
and
came
neer
him
,
he
stretched
out
his
right
hand
,
which
had
subscribed
,
Holy
revenge
.
holding
it
so
stedfast
,
and
immoveable
in
the
fire
(
saving
that
once
he
wiped
his
face
with
it
)
that
all
might
see
his
hand
burned
before
his
body
was
touched
:
when
the
fire
came
to
his
body
,
His
patienco
.
he
endured
it
patiently
,
standing
stedfast
alwaies
in
one
place
,
moving
no
more
then
the
stake
which
he
was
bound
to
:
So
long
as
he
could
speak
,
he
repeated
,
His
death
.
Lord
Jesus
receive
my
spirit
:
and
so
in
the
flames
he
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
Anno
Christi
,
1556.
and
of
his
Age
,
72.
Doctor
Cranmers
Workes
were
these
.
-
He
corrected
the
English
translation
of
the
Bible
in
many
places
.
-
He
wrote
Catechismum
Doctrinae
Christianae
.
-
Ordinationes
Ecclesiae
Reformatae
.
-
De
ministris
Ordinandis
.
-
De
Eucharistia
.
-
Jura
Ecclesiastica
.
-
Contra
Gardineri
concionem
.
-
Contra
Transubstantiationis
errorem
.
-
Quomodo
Christus
adsit
in
Caena
:
-
De
esu
C●nae
Dominicae
.
-
De
Oblatione
Christi
.
-
Homilia
Christiana
.
-
Common-places
.
-
A
confutation
of
unwritten
verities
.
-
Against
the
Popes
primacy
.
-
Against
Purgatory
.
-
About
Justification
.
-
Diverse
Letters
to
learned
men
.
The
Life
of
Conrade
Pellican
.
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1555.
COnrade
Pellican
was
born
of
godly
and
honest
parents
,
His
birth
and
education
.
at
Rubeac
a
Towne
of
Suevia
,
neer
the
Hyrcinian
wood
,
Anno
Christi
1478
,
and
being
carefully
educated
by
his
parents
,
anno
Christi
,
1484
was
by
them
set
to
school
to
Steven
Kleger
of
Zurick
,
who
using
him
gently
,
brought
him
in
love
with
learning
.
At
thirteen
years
of
age
he
went
to
Heidleberg
,
And
after
sixteen
months
study
there
,
returned
home
,
and
his
parents
being
poor
he
became
an
Usher
in
the
Grammer
school
,
Many
times
going
to
a
neighbour
Monastery
to
borrow
some
books
,
the
Fryers
solicited
him
to
become
one
of
their
Fraternity
,
and
when
he
was
but
16.
years
old
he
assented
to
it
,
his
parents
not
opposing
,
because
they
had
not
wherewithall
to
maintain
him
.
So
that
anno
Christi
1493
,
he
took
upon
him
the
habit
of
the
Frier-Minors
,
He
enters
into
a
Monastery
.
to
the
great
joy
of
all
that
society
,
who
used
him
very
kindly
,
and
brought
him
up
in
all
the
ceremonies
belonging
to
their
worship
.
His
Unkle
Jodicus
Gallus
coming
from
Heidleberg
to
Rubeac
,
was
much
troubled
that
his
Nephew
was
become
a
Fryer
,
and
therefore
perswaded
him
if
he
did
not
like
that
course
of
life
,
to
leave
it
whilst
he
was
a
novice
;
but
our
Conrade
thinking
that
it
would
be
a
great
disgrace
to
him
to
fall
from
his
purpose
,
refused
,
saying
,
That
he
would
serve
God
in
that
course
of
life
,
wherein
he
thought
he
should
please
God
,
Recovers
of
the
plague
.
and
whereby
he
hoped
to
attain
eternall
life
.
At
the
end
of
the
year
he
fell
sick
of
the
Plague
,
but
being
●et
blood
,
it
pleased
God
beyond
all
expectation
to
restore
him
to
health
.
Anno
1496.
He
goes
to
Tubing
.
he
went
to
Tubing
,
where
he
studied
the
liberall
Arts
,
and
was
much
admired
in
that
University
for
his
quick
wit
.
He
studied
also
School-Divinity
and
Cosmography
,
wherein
he
profited
exceedingly
;
And
meeting
with
a
converted
Jew
,
he
borrowed
of
him
an
Hebrew
book
of
the
Prophets
,
and
by
his
extraordinary
pains
,
found
out
first
the
letters
,
He
studies
the
Hebrew
.
then
the
reading
and
signification
of
them
,
and
being
a
little
assisted
by
●●●nio
,
the
Judge
of
the
impetiall
Chamber
at
Wormes
,
he
grew
very
perfect
in
it
:
and
hearing
that
there
was
a
certain
Priest
at
Ulme
which
had
bought
some
Hebrew
books
of
a
poor
Jew
,
he
went
to
him
,
and
amongst
them
met
with
part
of
a
Grammer
,
about
the
Coniugations
of
Verbs
,
and
transmutation
of
the
Letters
,
which
he
wrote
out
,
and
it
proved
a
great
help
to
him
,
for
he
had
spoken
before
with
many
Jews
at
Worms
,
Frankefurt
,
Ratisbone
,
&c.
and
none
of
them
could
ever
resolve
him
in
any
one
question
of
Grammer
.
It
fell
out
by
Gods
providence
,
that
the
year
the
Book-seller
of
Tubing
had
bought
an
Hebrew
Bible
compleat
,
He
buyes
an
hebrew
Bible
.
of
a
very
small
print
,
which
therefore
none
cared
for
.
This
Pellican
hearing
of
,
intreated
him
to
let
him
look
into
it
,
for
some
few
dayes
:
The
Bookseller
was
content
,
telling
him
that
for
a
Florence
and
a
halfe
he
might
buy
it
:
Pellican
much
rejoyced
to
hear
this
,
intreating
his
father
Guardian
to
be
his
surety
,
and
so
having
obtained
it
,
he
thought
himselfe
a
richer
man
then
ever
was
Croesus
,
and
presently
wrote
to
his
Unkle
at
Spires
,
beseeching
him
to
bestow
two
Florences
upon
him
,
which
he
much
needed
for
the
buying
of
a
certain
book
.
This
his
Unkle
sent
him
,
wherupon
he
fel
close
to
reading
of
the
Bible
,
and
as
he
went
along
made
a
Concordance
,
gathering
the
roots
,
and
setting
downe
all
those
words
which
were
seldome
found
:
And
thus
he
went
over
the
whole
Bible
from
the
midst
of
July
,
to
the
end
of
October
:
Then
carrying
to
Capnio
a
Specimen
of
his
works
,
His
industry
.
he
was
ama●●d
at
so
much
worke
in
so
short
a
time
.
Anno
Christi
1501.
He
ordained
a
Presbyter
.
being
twenty
three
years
old
,
he
was
ordained
a
Presbyter
,
and
the
same
year
the
plague
waxing
hot
at
Rubeac
,
his
father
and
brother
●●ed
of
it
,
leaving
none
but
this
our
Conrade
and
his
sister
:
Therefore
to
solace
himself
in
his
sorrows
,
he
wrote
out
the
seven
Penetentiall
Psalmes
,
in
Hebrew
,
Greek
and
Latine
,
adding
some
prayers
to
be
used
upon
that
occasion
.
Anno
Christi
1502.
he
was
made
Divinity-Reader
in
the
Convent
at
Basil.
About
the
same
time
John
Amerback
began
to
print
Saint
Augustines
workes
,
He
is
preferred
at
Basil.
wherein
Pellican
was
very
helpfull
to
him
,
for
which
cause
Amerbach
,
and
John
Froben
were
ever
after
his
great
friends
,
and
would
never
suffer
him
to
want
any
good
book
.
Then
at
the
instance
of
Cardinal
Raymund
the
Popes
Legate
,
he
was
made
first
Licentiat
,
He
goes
towards
Rome
.
then
D
of
Divinity
,
and
afterwards
the
Popes
Legat
took
him
with
him
towards
Rome
,
being
affected
with
his
learning
,
but
falling
sick
of
a
Fever
by
the
way
,
he
returned
to
Basil.
Whilst
he
thus
continued
a
Frier
,
hee
was
of
great
esteem
amongst
them
,
because
of
his
learning
and
integrity
.
But
it
pleased
God
at
last
,
that
by
reading
Luthers
Bookes
,
and
conference
with
learned
and
godly
men
,
hee
began
to
dis-rellish
the
Popish
errors
,
His
conve●sion
and
so
far
to
declare
his
dislike
of
them
,
that
he
was
much
hated
,
and
persecuted
for
a
Lutheran
.
He
is
chosen
Lecturer
at
Basill
.
But
about
the
same
time
the
Senate
of
Basil
chose
him
Lecturer
in
Divinity
in
that
City
,
together
with
Oecolampadius
;
where
he
began
to
read
first
upon
Genesis
,
then
on
Proverbs
,
and
Ecclesiastes
.
Anno
Christi
1526.
he
was
by
the
means
of
Zuinglius
sent
for
to
Zurick
,
He
is
sent
for
to
Zurick
.
and
being
come
,
was
most
courteously
entertained
by
him
.
There
he
laid
downe
his
Monks
Coul
,
and
married
a
wife
,
He
marrieth
a
wife
.
by
whom
he
had
a
Son
,
which
he
named
Samuel
,
being
then
preaching
upon
the
History
of
Samuel
.
That
wife
dying
he
married
again
,
His
second
marriage
.
but
had
no
children
by
his
second
wife
.
He
was
present
at
the
Disputation
at
Bern
about
Religion
.
After
Zuinglius
his
death
,
there
were
chosen
into
his
room
Henry
Bullinger
for
Pastor
,
and
Theodore
Bibliander
for
Divinity-Reader
,
who
was
an
excellent
Linguist
,
and
began
to
read
upon
Isaie
,
to
the
great
astonishment
of
his
hearers
,
for
that
he
was
not
above
23
years
old
.
Pellican
at
the
earnest
request
of
learned
men
,
Annotations
on
the
Bible
.
Printed
all
his
Lectures
and
Annotations
,
which
were
upon
the
whole
Bible
,
excepting
●nely
the
Revelations
,
which
portion
of
Scripture
he
not
intending
to
write
upon
,
caused
the
Commentary
of
Sebastian
Meyer
upon
it
,
to
be
bound
with
his
,
to
make
the
work
complete
.
His
works
.
He
translated
many
books
out
of
Hebrew
,
which
were
printed
by
Robert
Stevens
,
as
also
the
Chaldee
Bible
he
translated
into
Latine
.
He
wrote
also
an
exposition
in
Dutch
upon
the
●eutateuch
,
Joshua
,
Judges
,
Ruth
,
Samuel
,
Kings
,
Isay
,
and
Jeremy
,
to
convice
the
Jews
;
for
which
end
also
he
translated
the
learned
disputation
of
Ludovicus
Vives
with
the
Jewes
into
Dutch
;
As
also
many
books
of
Aristotle
,
and
Tully
;
that
so
ingenious
persons
might
learne
Philosophy
in
their
own
language
,
as
the
Grecians
and
Romans
in
former
times
were
wont
to
doe
.
He
judged
it
also
necessary
to
learne
the
Turkish
language
,
who
were
now
growne
their
neer
neighbours
,
that
by
the
helpe
thereof
he
might
be
the
better
able
to
bring
them
to
the
Christian
Faith
.
Then
with
extraordinary
labour
hee
made
Indexes
to
divers
books
.
He
also
compared
the
Bible
of
Munster
printed
at
Zurick
,
and
that
other
of
Leo
Judae
,
and
Bibliander
,
with
the
Hebrew
text
word
by
word
,
lest
any
thing
should
be
omitted
.
And
thus
having
been
Hebrew
Professor
at
Zurick
for
the
space
of
thirty
years
,
wherein
he
was
most
acceptable
to
all
,
not
onely
in
regard
of
his
excellent
learning
,
and
indefatigable
pains
,
but
also
in
regard
of
his
sweet
,
and
holy
Conversation
:
At
last
falling
into
the
pain
of
the
stone
,
His
death
.
and
other
diseases
,
he
departed
this
life
upon
the
day
of
Christs
Resurrection
,
Anno
Christi
1556
,
and
of
his
Age
78.
Lavater
saith
,
that
he
heard
this
Conrade
Pellican
often
say
,
that
when
he
first
beganne
to
study
the
Tongues
,
there
was
not
one
Greek
Testament
to
be
gotten
in
all
Germany
,
and
that
the
first
which
hee
saw
was
brought
out
of
Italy
;
and
that
though
a
man
would
have
given
a
great
sum
of
gold
for
a
Coppy
of
it
,
His
Character
.
it
could
not
be
obtained
.
How
happy
are
we
in
these
latter
Ages
,
that
have
them
at
so
easie
rates
!
He
was
a
candid
,
sincere
,
and
upright
man
,
free
from
falshood
,
and
ostentation
.
The
Life
of
John
Bugenhagius
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1558.
JOhn
Bugenhagius
was
born
at
Julin
,
near
to
Stetin
in
Pomerania
,
Anno
Christi
1485.
His
birth
and
education
.
His
parents
were
of
the
rank
of
Senators
,
who
bred
him
up
carefully
in
learning
,
till
he
had
learned
the
Grammar
and
Musick
:
Instructing
him
also
in
the
principles
of
Religion
,
He
goes
to
the
University
.
and
so
sent
him
to
the
University
of
Grypswald
,
where
he
profited
in
the
study
of
the
Arts
,
and
the
Greek
tongue
.
He
teacheth
School
.
Being
twenty
years
old
,
he
taught
School
at
Trepta
,
and
by
his
learning
and
diligence
made
the
School
famous
,
and
had
many
Scholars
,
to
whom
also
hee
read
daily
some
portion
of
Scripture
,
and
prayed
with
them
:
and
meeting
with
Erasmus
his
book
against
the
Histrionical
carriage
of
the
Friars
,
His
conversion
and
the
Idolatry
of
the
times
,
he
gat
so
much
light
thereby
,
that
he
was
stirred
up
to
instruct
others
therein
,
and
for
that
end
in
his
Schoole
he
read
Matthew
,
The
Epistles
to
Timothy
,
and
the
Psalmes
,
to
which
he
added
Catechising
,
and
also
expounded
the
Creed
,
and
the
ten
Commandements
;
unto
which
exercises
many
Gentlemen
,
Citizens
,
and
Priests
reforced
.
From
the
School
he
was
called
to
preach
in
the
Church
,
and
was
admitted
into
the
Colledge
of
Presbyters
:
He
is
made
a
Presbyter
.
Many
resorted
to
his
Sermons
of
all
ranks
,
and
his
same
spread
abroad
:
Insomuch
as
Bogeslans
,
the
Prince
of
that
Country
,
employed
him
in
writing
an
History
of
the
same
,
and
furnished
him
with
money
,
books
,
and
records
for
the
enabling
him
thereto
:
He
is
imployed
in
writing
a
History
.
Which
History
he
compleated
in
two
years
,
with
much
judgement
and
integrity
.
Anno
Christi
1520
one
of
the
Citizens
of
Trepta
,
called
Otho
Slutovius
,
having
Luther's
book
of
the
Babylonish
Captivity
sent
him
,
gave
it
to
Bugenhagius
,
as
he
was
at
dinner
with
his
Colleagues
,
who
looking
over
some
leaves
of
it
,
told
them
that
many
Hereticks
had
disquieted
the
peace
of
the
Church
since
Christ's
time
,
yet
there
was
never
a
more
pestilent
Heretick
then
the
Author
of
that
book
;
A
rash
censure
.
shewing
in
divers
particulars
how
hee
dissented
from
the
received
Doctrine
of
the
Church
.
But
after
some
few
daies
,
having
read
it
with
more
diligence
,
and
attention
,
hee
made
this
publick
R●cantation
before
them
all
:
What
shall
I
say
of
Luther
?
His
rec●ntation
All
the
world
hath
been
blinde
,
and
in
●immerian
darknesse
,
only
this
one
man
hath
found
out
the
Truth
.
And
further
disputing
of
those
questions
with
them
,
he
brought
most
of
his
Colleagues
to
be
of
his
judgement
therein
:
Insomuch
as
the
Abba●
,
two
antient
Pastors
of
the
Church
,
Divers
converted
by
him
.
and
some
other
of
the
Friers
,
began
zealously
to
discover
the
deceits
of
the
Papacy
,
and
to
preach
against
the
superstitions
,
and
abuses
of
humane
Traditions
,
and
to
perswade
their
auditors
wholly
to
trust
to
the
merits
of
Christ
.
After
this
Bugenhagius
read
Luther's
other
works
diligently
,
whereby
he
learned
the
difference
between
the
Law
and
the
Gospel
,
He
studies
Luther
.
Justification
by
Faith
,
&c.
and
taught
these
things
also
to
his
hearers
,
perceiving
that
the
opinions
of
Augustine
and
Luther
agreed
together
about
all
those
matters
.
But
the
Devill
envying
the
successe
of
the
Gospel
,
alienated
the
minde
of
the
Prince
from
them
,
and
stirred
up
the
Bishop
to
persecute
many
of
the
Ministers
,
Sathans
malice
Citizens
,
and
Students
of
Trepta
,
for
speaking
against
the
Masse-Priest
,
and
privily
removing
the
Images
out
of
the
Church
,
some
of
which
he
cast
into
prison
,
and
caused
others
to
fly
away
;
insomuch
as
Bugenhagius
also
being
not
safe
,
and
desi●ous
to
be
acquainted
,
and
to
confer
with
Luther
,
the
rather
being
invited
thereto
by
Letters
from
Peter
Suavenius
,
a
man
excellently
learned
,
who
signified
to
him
,
that
his
converse
with
Luther
would
be
exceeding
profitable
to
him
,
he
left
●repta
,
He
removes
to
Wittenberg
.
and
went
to
Wittenberg
Anno
Christi
1521
,
and
of
his
Age
36
:
and
came
there
a
little
before
Luther's
going
to
the
Diet
at
Worms
,
with
whom
he
had
presently
some
converse
,
and
began
to
make
himself
known
by
reading
the
Psalter
privately
in
the
Schooles
.
In
Luthers
absence
Bertho●mew
Bernhard
,
Pastor
of
Kemberg
married
a
Wife
,
whereupon
much
controversie
arose
,
whether
the
Marriage
of
Ministers
was
forbidden
onely
by
the
Popes
Law
,
and
how
farre
the
Monks
vows
of
Chastity
did
binde
.
Luther
hereupon
being
sent
to
for
his
judgement
,
easily
cut
insunder
the
snares
of
those
Laws
,
and
of
the
impious
vows
,
as
Alexander
did
the
Gordian
knot
with
his
sword
.
At
this
time
Suavenius
and
Bugenhag
sojou●ned
with
Melancthon
,
whereupon
when
those
Propositions
o●
Luther
were
sent
to
him
,
Bugenhag
.
read
them
with
much
diligence
,
and
afterwards
having
seriously
thought
of
them
,
●e
said
,
This
businesse
will
cause
a
great
mutation
in
the
publick
state
of
things
.
About
the
same
●
time
also
Carolastadius●ai●ed
●ai●ed
a
controversie●
about
bringing
in
the
Judicials
of
Moses
into
the
Civill
State
,
and
removing
Images
out
of
the
Churches
.
Against
these
Bugenhag
with
some
others
opposed
themselves
,
declaring
,
that
the
overthrowing
of
Images
was
s●ditious
,
and
that
Christian
Commonwealths
ought
not
to
be
governed
by
the
Jewish
Judicials
.
Whereupon
at
Luthers
returne
out
of
his
Pathmos
,
by
the
Suffrages
both
of
the
University
and
Senate
,
Bugenhag
was
chosen
Pastor
of
the
Church
of
Wittenberg
,
A
good
Pastor
.
which
he
taught
and
governed
with
much
●elicity
,
and
in
many
changes
of
Affaires
,
for
the
p●ce
of
thirty
six
years
,
never
leaving
his
station
,
neither
for
war
,
nor
pestilence
;
and
when
he
was
proffered
riches
,
and
preferment
,
His
Humility
.
both
in
Denmark
by
the
good
King
,
and
in
Pomeren
by
the
good
Prince
,
yet
he
would
never
leave
his
charge
,
though
he
lived
but
poorly
in
it
.
Anno
Christi
1522
he
was
sent
for
to
Hamburg
,
He
is
sent
for
to
Hamburg
.
where
hee
prescribed
to
them
a
form
both
of
Doctrine
,
Ceremonies
,
and
Calling
of
Ministers
,
where
he
erected
a
School
also
in
the
Monastery
of
St.
John
,
which
afterwards
grew
very
famous
.
And
Anno
Christi
1530
being
sent
for
to
Lubec
,
hee
prescribed
to
them
also
an
order
both
for
Preaching
,
And
to
Lubeck
and
Discipline
,
and
set
up
a
School
in
the
Monastery
of
St
Kathe●●ne
.
Anno
Christi
1537
he
was
sent
for
by
Christian
King
of
Denmark
,
And
to
Denmark
.
and
Duke
of
Holsatia
,
to
reform
Religion
in
his
Dominions
,
and
to
erect
Schooles
;
at
which
time
he
set
forth
a
book
about
the
Ordination
of
Ministers
,
formerly
agreed
upon
by
Luther
and
his
Colleagues
,
to
which
he
added
some
Prayers
,
and
a
Form
or
Directory
for
holy
Administrations
.
And
about
fourteen
daies
after
the
Coronation
of
King
Christian
,
Bugenhag
instead
of
the
seven
Bishops
of
Denmark
ordained
seven
Superintendents
,
who
for
the
time
to
come
should
supply
the
office
of
the
Bishops
,
and
should
take
care
of
all
Ecclesiastical
affaires
:
These
he
ordained
in
the
presence
of
the
King
and
his
Councill
,
in
the
chief
Church
of
Hafnia
.
He
also
prescribed
what
Lectures
should
be
read
in
the
Hafnian
Academy
.
He
appointed
Ministers
in
the
Kingdomes
of
Denmark
,
and
Norway
,
to
the
number
of
four
and
twenty
thousand
.
Anno
Christi
1540
▪
He
is
sent
into
Brunswick
.
Henry
Duke
of
Brunswick
being
expelled
his
Country
by
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
and
the
confederate
Princes
,
imployed
Bugenhag
,
Anthony
Corvinus
,
and
Martin
Gorlicius
,
adding
some
of
the
Nobility
to
them
,
to
visit
the
Churches
and
Monasteries
in
that
Dukedome
,
and
to
see
them
reformed
.
At
which
time
they
set
forth
a
Form
of
Ordination
for
the
Country
.
The
year
following
,
the
Senate
of
Hildesia
sent
for
him
to
Reform●
their
Churches
,
where
he
,
with
Corvinus
,
and
Henrie
Winckle
,
wrote
them
a
Form
of
Ordination
▪
and
placed
Pastors
and
Ministers
in
their
six
Churches
,
the
oversight
of
whom
was
committed
to
Iodicus
Iferman
;
and
the
Church
of
the
Canons
was
shut
up
.
Anno
Christi
1533
he
proceeded
Doctor
,
at
the
instigation
of
John
Friderik
▪
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
He
proceeds
Doctor
.
himself
with
his
Counsellors
being
present
to
hear
the
publick
disputations
of
Luther
,
Cruciger
,
Bugenhag
,
and
Aepine
.
The
questions
were
,
De
Justitia
.
De
Ecclesia
.
De
discrimine
Ministerii
Evangelici
,
&
Potestatis
Politicae
;
and
Bugenhag
making
an
Oration
about
the
last
of
these
,
the
Prince
was
exceedingly
well
pleased
with
it
.
Thus
far
we
have
the
happier
part
of
Bugenhags
life
;
but
shortly
after
followed
many
confusions
,
and
warres
both
of
the
Princes
and
Divines
;
in
which
the
Princes
were
taken
prisoners
,
Wittenberg
was
besieged
,
and
other
miseries
and
mischiefs
of
war
brought
exceeding
much
grief
to
this
good
old
man
,
His
constancy
.
as
the
death
of
that
godly
King
Josiah
did
to
the
Prophet
Jeremiah
,
yet
did
he
not
give
way
to
despondencie
,
so
as
either
to
fly
or
change
his
mind
;
but
he
kept
up
his
spirits
by
fervent
,
and
frequent
prayer
to
God
,
which
yeelded
him
great
consolation
▪
the
rather
considering
that
in
so
great
tempests
,
the
poor
Ship
of
Christ's
Church
was
not
swallowed
up
and
devoured
:
For
Prince
Maurice
,
who
was
made
Elector
of
Saxony
,
changed
nothing
in
Religion
,
as
so●e
feared
,
and
others
hoped
that
hee
would
;
but
sending
f●●
Melancthon
,
Bugenhag
,
and
Crucigir
from
Wittenberg
to
L●●s●●h
,
he
desired
them
to
take
care
of
the
Church
and
Univ●rsity
,
and
so
gratifying
them
bountifully
,
dismissed
them
.
The
Controversies
and
Quarrels
which
sprung
up
in
●●e
Church
by
Flacius
Illericus
,
H●●
peaceable
d●●position
.
were
the
greatest
grief
to
h●m
:
For
it
was
well
known
,
that
he
neither
in
the
time
of
War
,
nor
afterwards
,
altered
any
thing
either
in
the
Doctrine
〈◊〉
Discipline
of
the
Church
,
often
urging
that
Text
,
Gi●●
to
Caesar
the
things
that
are
Caesars
,
and
to
God
the
things
that
are
Gods
.
He
was
alwaies
very
averse
to
seditious
Counsels
,
and
most
constant
in
retaining
the
true
Doctrine
of
Christ
,
and
though
many
aspersions
were
cast
abroad
of
him
,
yet
would
he
never
omit
the
necessary
labours
belonging
to
his
Office
.
His
constancy
in
prayer
.
The
last
act
of
his
life
,
through
Gods
goodness
,
was
quiet
,
and
peaceable
;
for
when
his
strength
was
so
wasted
,
that
hee
could
no
longer
preach
,
yet
he
resorted
daily
to
Church
,
where
he
poured
forth
fervent
praiers
both
for
himself
,
and
the
afflicted
condition
of
the
Church
of
God
at
that
time
.
Afterwards
fall●ng
sick
(
though
without
much
pain
)
he
continued
instant
in
prayer
,
and
holy
conference
with
his
friends
,
and
drawing
near
to
his
end
,
he
often
repeated
,
This
is
life
eternall
,
His
death
.
to
know
thee
the
onely
true
God
,
and
him
whom
thou
hast
sent
,
Jesus
Christ
:
and
so
quietly
d●parted
in
the
Lord
,
Anno
Christ
1558
▪
and
of
his
Age
73.
He
was
a
faithfull
P●stor
,
just
,
merciful●
to
the
poor
:
severe
,
and
stout
in
reproofs
;
Preachers
pattern
.
an
earnest
defendor
of
the
Truth
against
Errors
;
ardent
in
Prayer
,
&c.
He
joyned
with
Luther
in
the
Translation
of
the
Bible
:
which
being
finished
,
every
year
upon
that
day
,
he
inv●ted
his
friends
,
and
made
a
feast
,
which
he
called
the
Feast
of
the
Translation
of
the
Bible
.
He
was
alwaies
well
content
with
his
station
and
condition
at
Wittenberg
,
and
would
never
remove
though
hee
was
earnestly
pressed
to
have
removed
to
places
of
more
honour
,
power
,
and
profit
.
He
attended
his
charge
with
great
fidelity
,
admirable
assiduity
,
and
extraordinary
pains
.
In
his
Sermons
he
was
very
modest
,
and
so
devout
,
that
sometimes
,
forgetting
himself
,
he
would
spend
some
hours
in
preaching
.
He
wrote
a
Commentary
upon
the
Psalmes
;
His
Works
.
Annotations
upon
the
Epistles
to
Gal.
Ephes.
Phil.
Collos.
Thess.
1
&
2.
to
Timothy
1.
&
2.
to
Titus
,
Philemon
,
Hebr.
Also
Annotations
upon
Samuel
,
Jonah
,
and
Denter
▪
besides
some
.
Epistles
to
sundry
friends
.
P.
MELANCTHON
The
Life
of
Philip
Melancthon
,
who
dyed
A
no
Christi
1560.
PHilip
Melancthon
was
born
at
Bretta
in
the
lower
Palatinate
,
Anno
Christi
1497.
His
birth
and
education
.
of
honest
parents
,
of
a
middle
rank
,
by
whom
he
was
set
to
School
to
learne
Grammer
of
John
Hungarus
,
a
learned
and
honest
man
;
and
to
learne
Greek
of
George
Simler
;
and
afterwards
they
sent
him
to
Heidleberg
at
twelve
years
of
age
,
where
he
had
Logick
and
Physicks
read
to
him
,
He
goes
to
Heidleberge
.
and
attaining
ability
to
make
a
verse
,
he
fell
to
reading
Poetry
and
History
.
There
also
,
being
very
young
,
be
instructed
the
Sons
of
Count
Leonstein
,
and
Commenced
Bachelor
of
Arts
Anno
Christi
1511.
and
of
his
age
fourteen
,
with
generall
approbation
.
After
three
years
study
there
,
the
air
not
agreeing
with
him
,
and
being
denyed
his
degree
of
Master
of
Arts
,
by
reason
of
his
youth
,
removed
to
Tubinge
,
He
goes
to
Tubinge
.
anno
1512.
He
alwayes
used
to
carry
his
Bible
about
with
him
,
reading
often
in
it
both
at
Church
and
elsewhere
,
yet
was
he
carried
away
with
the
common
errors
of
the
times
,
of
which
himselfe
saith
,
I
●remble
to
think
with
what
blind
devotion
I
went
to
Images
,
whilst
I
was
a
Papist
.
He
pivately
at
Tubinge
taught
the
Law
,
and
read
over
very
diligently
all
the
books
of
Gallen
,
and
with
Oecolampadius
read
over
Hesiod
.
His
imployments
.
He
stayed
in
that
University
four
years
,
where
he
profited
so
much
in
the
Arts
,
Tongues
,
and
Philosophy
,
that
he
read
publick
Lectures
in
the
Schools
out
of
Virgil
,
Terence
,
and
Tully
,
and
was
imployed
in
overseeing
the
Presse
.
He
studied
the
Mathematicks
,
Law
,
and
Physick
,
in
all
which
he
profited
much
.
There
he
commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
Mr.
of
Arts.
Anno
Christi
1513.
and
of
his
age
,
Seventeen
.
Luther
about
that
time
beginning
to
oppose
the
Pope
.
In
August
1518.
He
goes
to
Wittenberg
.
Philip
Melancthon
was
sent
for
from
Tubinge
by
Frederick
Duke
of
Saxony
,
to
the
University
of
Wittenberge
,
to
teach
the
Greek
Tongue
.
He
consulted
with
●apnio
,
who
advised
him
to
imbrace
the
invitation
,
whereupon
August
25.
he
came
to
Wittenberg
.
About
which
time
Erasmus
wrote
thus
of
him
.
Philip
Melancthon
,
is
a
most
learned
,
and
exoe
Ne●t
Greci●●●
he
is
a
youth
and
stripling
,
if
ye
consider
his
age
;
but
one
of
us
if
ye
look
upon
his
variety
of
knowledge
,
almost
in
all
books
.
His
great
learning
.
He
is
very
exquisite
in
the
learning
of
both
the
Tongues
.
I
pray
Christ
this
young
man
may
live
long
amongst
us
;
he
wil
quite
obscu●e
Erasmus
.
Four
dayes
after
he
came
to
Wittenberg
,
he
made
a
most
earned
,
and
polite
Oration
in
the
University
,
with
so
much
grace
as
was
admirable
.
He
came
to
Wittenberg
when
he
was
but
22
years
old
:
There
he
began
to
expound
Pauls
Epistle
to
Titus
,
His
Lectures
.
●ut
of
Greek
,
to
the
great
admiration
of
his
hearers
,
which
flock●
exceedingly
to
his
Lectures
,
and
●uther
also
was
exceedingly
taken
with
the
same
,
as
himself
professeth
in
a
Letter
to
Spalatmus
,
saying
,
Luthers
Testimony
of
him
.
Philippum
Graecissimum
,
eruditissimum
,
humanissimum
habe
commendatissimum
:
auditorium
habet
refertum
auditoribus
,
imprimis
omnes
Theologos
summos
,
cum
mediis
&
infimis
,
studiosos
facit
Graecitatis
.
When
he
first
began
to
teach
,
he
found
the
precepts
of
arts
either
false
,
or
obscure
,
or
out
of
order
,
and
therefore
taking
the
labour
upon
him
,
His
great
pains
.
he
made
learned
Systemes
almost
of
all
Arts
,
cutting
off
what
was
false
,
illustrating
what
was
obscure
,
and
rightly
placing
what
was
out
of
order
,
so
that
anno
1519.
he
published
his
Rhetorick
,
the
year
after
his
Logick
,
and
shortly
after
his
Grammer
,
with
other
Arts
in
order
.
Anno
1519
:
he
went
with
Luther
to
Lipswich
,
where
he
disputed
with
Eccius
,
and
though
Eccius
contemned
him
for
his
youth
,
His
disputation
with
Eccius
.
and
called
him
saccum
distinctionum
,
yet
he
got
himselfe
much
credit
,
and
gave
some
experience
of
his
abilities
in
controversies
.
Anno
Christi
.
1520.
he
expounded
the
Epistle
to
the
Romans
,
which
Commentary
Luther
printed
without
the
privity
of
Melancthon
.
The
year
after
,
when
the
Divines
of
Paris
had
condemned
Luthers
Doctrine
,
He
defends
Luther
.
and
books
,
he
wrote
an
Apology
for
him
,
against
their
furious
Decree
.
Anno
Christi
,
1522.
His
works
.
he
printed
his
Common-places
;
And
his
Commentaries
on
both
the
Epistles
to
the
Corinthians
.
Anno
1523.
he
published
his
Annotations
upon
Genesis
,
with
some
other
books
.
The
year
after
taking
Joac
.
Camerarius
along
with
him
,
he
went
to
visit
his
friends
,
and
at
his
return
at
the
request
of
the
Lantgrave
of
Hesse
,
he
wrote
an
Epitome
of
the
Ecclesiasticall
Doctrine
renewed
,
and
a
Treatise
of
the
difference
between
the
righteousnes
of
the
world
,
and
of
Christ
.
He
turned
into
Latine
the
Proverbs
of
Solomon
,
and
wrote
prefaces
to
the
Psalms
and
Lamentations
.
An.
1525.
In
the
wars
of
the
Boorish
Anabaptists
,
he
confuted
their
Articles
,
whereby
they
sought
to
justifie
their
Rebellion
,
and
in
the
end
of
that
yeare
hee
was
sent
for
to
Norimberg
,
to
direct
the
Senate
in
the
erecting
of
a
School
.
Anno
1527.
he
was
imployed
in
visiting
the
Churches
in
Saxonie
.
Anno
Christi
1529.
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
took
him
with
him
to
the
Convention
at
Spire
,
where
by
the
consent
of
the
Protestant
Princes
,
He
drew
up
a
confession
of
Faith
with
great
pains
,
and
exactnesse
,
which
by
them
was
presented
to
the
Emperor
Charls
the
Fifth
.
Anno
Christi
1534.
Henry
the
eighth
,
King
of
England
,
He
is
sent
for
into
England
.
sent
to
invite
him
into
England
with
promise
of
Courteous
entertainment
,
and
good
preferment
,
hoping
by
his
meanes
to
draw
the
Protestant
Princes
of
Germany
into
a
league
with
him
against
the
Pope
.
But
Melancthon
refused
to
goe
,
He
refuseth
to
goe
.
rendring
the
reason
in
a
Letter
that
he
wrote
to
Camerarius
,
wherin
is
this
passage
;
Perhaps
many
things
are
reported
amongst
you
concerning
England
,
that
it
lyeth
open
now
for
the
Religion
of
the
purer
Doctrine
▪
but
I
have
intelligence
from
a
good
hand
,
that
the
King
hath
no
great
care
of
the
affairs
of
the
Church
,
onely
this
good
comes
of
his
rejecting
the
Popes
Authority
,
that
for
the
present
no
crue●ty
is
used
towards
those
that
are
desirous
of
better
Doctrine
.
Anno
Christi
1536.
he
went
abroad
to
visit
,
and
refresh
himselfe
with
his
friends
,
Gods
mercy
.
where
falling
off
a
ladder
he
hurt
his
back-bone
,
which
put
him
to
great
pain
,
but
through
Gods
mercy
he
recovered
:
and
the
year
after
he
went
to
the
Convention
at
Smalcald
,
His
great
imployments
.
where
(
by
reason
of
Luthers
sickness
)
almost
the
whole
burthen
lay
upon
him
of
managing
the
business
about
religion
.
A
while
after
he
went
to
Hagenaw
to
meet
the
Protestant
Divines
there
,
Note
.
and
fore-seeing
that
he
should
fall
into
a
mortall
Disease
,
he
made
his
will
and
left
it
with
Cruciger
,
saying
,
Viximus
in
Synodis
,
A
Prediction
.
&
jam
m●riemur
in
illis
.
Imploi'd
in
Synods
,
living
,
oft
was
I
:
Now
in
a
Synod
I
am
like
to
die
.
Accordingly
in
his
journey
he
fell
very
sick
,
yet
through
God's
mercy
,
and
the
care
and
skill
of
the
Physician
,
he
recovered
againe
,
his
health
being
much
furthered
by
the
earnest
praiers
of
Luther
,
Power
of
prayer
.
and
Cruciger
.
In
his
disputation
with
Eccius
,
Eccius
brought
a
very
subtil
Argument
,
which
he
being
not
able
suddenly
to
answer
,
said
,
Cras
tibi
respondebo
,
I
'le
answer
you
to
morrow
;
to
whom
Eccius
replyed
,
That
is
little
for
your
credit
if
you
cannot
answer
it
presently
:
Whereupon
he
said
;
His
humility
.
Sir
,
I
seek
not
mine
owne
glory
in
this
businesse
but
the
Truth
.
To
morrow
(
God
willing
)
you
shall
hear
further
.
When
the
Wars
for
Religion
brake
out
in
Germany
,
he
foresaw
in
a
dream
the
Captivity
of
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
and
the
Lantgrave
of
Hesse
,
fifteen
daies
before
they
were
taken
.
A
prophetical
dream
.
And
when
Melancthon
did
justly
bewaile
those
sad
times
,
he
was
accused
to
the
Emperor
as
an
enemy
to
his
affairs
;
whereupon
the
Emperor
sent
to
Maurice
the
Elector
to
send
him
to
him
,
which
he
refused
to
do
.
He
was
sent
also
to
the
Council
of
Trent
,
but
whilst
he
stayed
at
No●inberg
for
the
Publick
Faith
,
the
Warre
brake
out
betwixt
Maurice
of
Saxonie
,
and
the
Emperour
about
the
Lantgrave
of
Hesse
;
whereupon
he
returned
to
Wittenberg
again
:
and
shortly
after
the
Plague
breaking
out
there
,
the
University
was
removed
to
Tergaw
:
but
he
said
,
He
feared
not
that
Plague
,
but
a
far
worse
Plague
,
which
threatned
the
ruine
of
the
common-wealth
.
Whilst
he
was
with
the
Palatine
at
Heidleberg
,
he
had
news
brought
him
of
the
death
of
his
wife
,
who
had
lived
piously
,
His
wife
dieth
.
and
lovingly
with
him
in
wedlock
37
years
:
at
the
hearing
whereof
he
expressed
himself
thus
,
Farewell
Kate
,
I
shall
follow
thee
ere
long
.
His
patience
.
He
had
many
contentions
with
the
Popish
party
both
by
disputations
,
and
writing
:
The
last
Lecture
that
he
read
was
upon
that
Text
in
Isa.
Lord
,
who
hath
beli●ved
our
report
?
He
was
very
carefull
before
hand
to
prepare
himself
for
death
,
having
this
Distich
in
his
mouth
,
Sic
ego
quotidiè
de
lecto
surgo
,
precando
,
lit
mens
ad
mortem
sit
duce
laeta
Deo
.
March
the
27.
before
his
death
he
was
sent
for
by
the
Elector
of
Saxony
to
Lipsich
for
the
examination
of
those
which
were
maintained
by
the
Elector
there
for
the
study
of
Divinity
,
which
examination
he
had
held
many
years
:
There
he
continued
in
that
employment
til
April
4
,
at
which
time
he
returned
to
Wittenberg
.
April
the
8
th
.
his
sicknes
seised
upon
him
whereof
he
died
.
His
sicknesse
.
It
was
a
Feaver
,
which
caused
him
that
he
could
scarce
sleep
that
night
.
Hereupon
Doctor
Peucer
,
his
son-in-law
,
intended
to
send
for
Camerarius
,
between
whom
and
Melancthon
there
had
been
a
very
strong
bond
of
friendship
for
the
space
of
40
years
.
Seven
daies
before
he
died
,
A
Prodigy
.
many
persons
,
worthy
of
credit
,
betwixt
nine
and
ten
a
clock
at
night
,
saw
in
the
clouds
over
the
Town
of
Wittenberg
,
five
Rods
bound
together
,
after
which
two
vanishing
,
the
other
three
appeared
severed
in
divers
places
,
the
branches
of
the
Rods
turning
towards
the
North
,
the
handles
towards
the
South
;
of
which
Prodigy
when
Philip
was
informed
,
he
said
,
Herein
Gods
fatherly
punishments
are
not
Swords
,
but
Rods
,
which
parents
use
to
correct
their
children
withall
:
And
I
fear
a
dearth
.
The
night
following
he
slept
pretty
well
,
His
deportment
in
his
sicknesse
.
and
waking
about
three
a
clock
in
the
morning
,
he
sang
sweetly
,
and
rose
out
of
his
bed
.
April
13.
to
make
an
end
of
his
writing
which
he
was
to
propose
on
Easter
day
,
he
followed
his
study
hard
that
morning
,
which
was
the
last
thing
that
he
wrote
for
his
publick
Reading
.
On
Easter
Eve
he
carried
it
to
the
Printing-house
,
after
which
he
went
to
Church
,
and
in
the
afternoon
went
againe
to
the
Printing-house
,
to
see
how
the
work
went
forward
;
which
was
his
last
going
abroad
.
About
four
a
clock
that
evening
he
sate
upon
the
staires
which
went
up
into
his
study
,
leaning
upon
his
elbow
;
At
which
time
Joachim
Camerarius
came
from
Lipsich
to
visit
him
,
and
entering
into
his
house
,
found
him
in
that
posture
:
They
saluted
each
other
wich
great
familiarity
,
and
about
five
a
clock
that
evening
his
Feaver
seised
on
him
;
so
that
that
night
he
had
a
very
grievous
fit
,
yet
in
the
morning
hee
had
a
little
sleep
,
being
April
14.
Easter
day
.
After
which
he
rose
out
of
his
bed
,
and
though
he
was
scarce
able
to
goe
,
yet
he
would
have
read
his
Lecture
publickly
,
which
his
friends
disswaded
him
from
,
considering
his
great
weaknesse
.
April
the
15
before
dinner
,
he
professed
his
desire
to
depart
hence
,
saying
,
I
desire
to
be
dissolved
,
and
to
be
with
Christ
.
April
the
16
Camerarius
was
minded
to
return
home
,
but
as
they
sate
at
breakfast
together
,
on
a
sudden
such
a
weaknesse
came
upon
Melancthon
,
that
he
desired
to
goe
to
bed
,
so
that
Camerarius
layed
aside
his
purpose
of
departure
.
April
the
17
,
Camerarius
took
his
leave
of
him
,
commending
him
to
God
;
whereupon
Philip
said
,
Jesus
Christ
the
Son
of
God
,
that
sitteth
at
the
right
hand
of
his
Father
,
and
giveth
gifts
unto
men
,
preserve
you
,
and
yours
,
and
us
all
.
This
night
he
was
very
sick
,
and
in
his
prayers
cryed
out
,
O
Lord
make
amend
.
April
the
18
his
water
was
very
troublesome
,
and
he
was
much
pained
with
the
stone
.
About
eight
a
clock
that
morning
the
Pastors
of
the
Church
visited
him
,
to
whom
he
said
▪
By
the
goodnesse
of
God
I
have
no
domesticall
grief
to
disquiet
me
,
although
my
Nephewes
and
Neeces
stand
here
before
me
,
whom
I
love
very
dearly
.
Yet
this
is
my
comfort
,
they
have
godly
parents
,
who
take
care
of
them
as
I
have
done
so
long
as
I
was
able
.
But
publick
matters
affect
me
,
especially
the
troubles
of
the
Church
in
this
evil
and
sophisticall
age
:
But
through
Gods
goodnesse
our
Doctrine
is
sufficiently
explained
,
and
confirmed
.
Then
speaking
to
the
eldest
daughter
of
his
Son-in-law
,
Doctor
Peucer
,
he
said
,
I
have
loved
thee
,
my
daughter
,
see
that
thou
honour
thy
parents
,
be
dutifull
to
them
,
and
fear
God
,
and
he
will
never
forsake
thee
:
I
beseech
him
to
defend
thee
,
and
keep
thee
.
About
nine
a
clock
he
spake
to
his
Son-in-law
,
who
was
his
Physitian
,
saying
;
What
think
you
of
my
disease
?
have
you
any
hope
?
speak
plaine
.
The
Physitian
answered
,
God
is
your
life
,
and
the
length
of
your
daies
,
to
whom
we
commend
you
;
but
if
we
look
at
naturall
causes
,
your
disease
is
dangerous
;
for
your
weaknesse
is
great
,
and
encreaseth
every
moment
.
I
think
the
same
(
quoth
he
)
and
an
sensible
of
my
weaknesse
.
A
while
after
he
made
them
search
for
some
sheets
of
paper
,
wherein
he
had
begunne
to
write
his
Will
,
purposing
to
declare
his
judgement
about
all
the
heads
of
Religion
,
and
to
testifie
it
to
posterity
,
which
was
the
chief
use
of
Testaments
amongst
the
antient
Fathers
;
but
they
could
not
be
found
,
whereupon
he
beganne
to
frame
it
a
new
,
sitting
at
a
table
,
but
through
weakness
was
not
able
to
proceed
therein
.
Onely
he
wrote
,
that
he
had
twice
formerly
set
down
a
Confession
of
his
Faith
,
and
a
thanksgiving
to
God
,
and
to
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
:
But
(
saith
he
)
my
papers
are
intercepted
,
and
therefore
I
will
have
my
Confession
to
be
my
answers
concerning
the
Bavarian
Articles
against
Papists
,
Anabapists
,
Flacians
,
&c.
His
minde
was
sincere
and
sound
to
his
last
gasp
,
his
brain
never
more
firm
.
Then
he
conferred
with
his
Son-in-law
about
the
affairs
of
the
University
.
About
six
a
clock
Letters
were
brought
him
from
his
friends
at
Frankford
Mart
,
concerning
the
persecution
of
some
godly
men
in
France
,
whereupon
he
said
,
Note
.
That
his
bodily
disease
was
not
comparable
to
the
grief
of
his
mind
for
his
godly
friends
,
and
for
the
miseries
of
the
Church
.
That
night
he
had
very
lit●le
rest
.
About
two
a
clock
in
the
morning
,
he
raised
himself
up
in
his
bed
,
saying
,
that
God
had
brought
into
his
minde
againe
that
speech
of
Paul
,
If
God
be
for
us
,
who
can
be
against
us
?
After
which
he
returned
to
his
former
complaints
of
the
calamities
of
the
Church
:
Yet
(
saith
he
)
my
hopes
are
very
great
,
for
the
Doctrine
of
our
Church
is
explained
.
And
so
he
proceeded
to
earnest
prayers
and
groanings
for
the
Church
,
and
then
betook
himself
to
some
rest
.
About
eight
in
the
morning
in
the
presence
of
divers
Pastors
,
and
Deacons
,
he
made
three
Prayers
,
whereof
this
was
one
.
O
almighty
,
eternall
,
ever-living
,
and
true
God
,
creator
of
heaven
a
dearth
,
His
Prayer
.
together
with
thy
co●t●rnall
Son
,
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
,
crucified
for
us
,
and
raised
again
,
together
with
thy
holy
Spirit
,
&c.
Who
hast
said
,
thou
de
firest
not
the
death
of
a
sinner
,
but
that
he
may
be
converted
and
l●ve
.
As
also
Call
upon
me
in
the
day
of
trouble
,
and
I
will
deliver
thee
.
I
confess
unto
thee
that
I
am
a
most
miserable
sinne●
▪
that
I
have
many
sinnes
,
and
have
been
faulty
many
waies
.
But
I
am
sorry
with
all
my
heart
that
I
have
offended
thee
.
I
pray
thee
for
our
Lord
Jesus
Christs
sake
,
who
was
crucified
,
and
rose
again
for
us
,
to
have
pitty
upon
me
,
and
to
forgive
all
my
sinnes
,
and
to
justifi●
me
by
and
through
Jesus
Christ
thy
Sonne
,
thine
eternall
Word
and
Image
,
whom
,
by
thy
unspeakable
counsell
,
and
unmeasurable
wisdome
and
goodnesse
thou
wouldst
have
to
be
for
us
a
Sacrifice
,
Mediator
,
and
Intercesso●
▪
Sanctifie
me
also
by
thy
holy
,
lively
,
and
true
●pirit
that
I
may
truly
acknowledge
thee
,
firmly
believe
in
thee
,
truly
obey
thee
,
give
thanks
unto
thee
rightly
invocate
thy
name
,
serve
thee
,
and
see
thee
gracious
to
all
eternity
,
and
the
almighty
true
God
▪
creator
of
heaven
and
earth
,
and
men
,
the
eternall
Father
of
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
,
and
Jesus
Christ
thy
Son
,
thy
eternall
Word
and
Image
,
and
the
Holy
Ghost
the
comforter
.
In
thee
O
Lord
have
I
trusted
,
let
me
never
be
confounded
.
Thou
hast
redeemed
me
O
Lord
God
of
Truth
.
Keep
O
Lord
,
and
governe
our
Church
,
and
Common
wealths
,
and
this
School
,
and
give
them
wholsom
peace
,
and
wholsom
goverment
.
Rule
and
defend
our
Princes
;
nourish
thy
Church
,
gather
and
preserve
thy
Church
in
these
Countries
,
and
sanctifie
it
and
conjoyne
it
with
thy
holy
spirit
,
that
it
may
be
one
in
thee
,
in
the
knowledge
and
invocation
of
thy
Son
Jesus
Christ
,
by
,
and
for
the
sake
of
this
thine
eternal
Son
,
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
,
&c.
After
this
he
rested
a
while
.
Then
the
Pastors
and
Deacons
by
turnes
read
unto
him
,
Psalme
24
,
25
,
26.
Isa.
53.
John
17.
Rom.
5.
and
divers
other
Psalmes
,
and
Chapters
.
After
which
he
said
,
I
often
thinke
upon
that
saying
of
St.
John
,
The
world
received
him
not
,
but
to
those
●hat
received
him
,
to
them
he
gave
power
to
be
made
the
Sons
of
God
,
even
them
that
belieeve
in
his
name
.
After
this
he
seemed
to
pray
secretly
,
for
a
quarter
of
an
hour
,
yea
,
for
an
hoar
or
two
he
seemed
to
doe
little
other
then
pray
,
and
being
at
length
asked
by
his
Son
in
Law
,
whether
he
would
have
any
thing
?
he
answered
,
Nothing
but
heaven
,
therefor●
trouble
me
no
more
with
speaking
to
me
.
Then
the
Pastor
prayed
with
him
,
and
the
others
●ead
again
,
and
so
about
ha●f
an
hour
after
six
he
quietly
and
peaceably
gave
up
the
Gh●st
,
having
lived
63.
His
death
.
yeares
,
63.
dayes
:
After
hee
had
spent
in
Preaching
and
writing
42
years
,
Anno
Christi
1560.
He
was
buried
close
by
Luther
;
they
having
been
faithfull
and
intimate
friends
in
their
lives
.
He
took
much
pains
in
the
Vniversitie
of
Wittenberg
,
reading
three
or
four
Lectures
every
day
,
unto
which
many
resorted
.
His
industry
.
He
was
never
id●e
,
but
spent
all
his
time
in
reading
,
writing
,
disputing
,
or
giving
counsell
He
neither
sought
after
great
titles
▪
His
humili●y
.
nor
rich●●
.
He
could
not
be
perswaded
to
take
the
degree
of
a
Doctor
saying
,
His
great
afflictions
.
That
such
honour
was
a
great
burden
▪
He
had
many
and
great
enemies
who
often
th●eatned
to
banish
him
Germany
,
of
which
himselfe
writes
,
●
go
jam
sum
hic
,
Dei
beneficio
,
quadraginta
an●os
,
&
nunquam
potuidicere
,
aut
certus
esse
me
per
unam
〈◊〉
mansurum
esse
.
I
have
through
Gods
mercy
been
here
the●e
fourty
years
,
and
yet
I
could
never
say
,
or
besure
that
I
should
remain
here
one
week
to
an
end
.
A
little
before
his
death
,
he
said
,
Cupio
ex
hac
vita
migrare
prop●er
duas
causas
;
Why
he
desired
death
.
primum
ut
fruar
desiderato
conspectu
filii
Dei
,
&
coelestis
Ecclesiae
:
deinde
ut
liberer
ab
immanibus
,
&
implacabilibus
Theologorum
odiis
.
Amongst
all
his
writings
and
disputations
,
he
would
never
meddle
with
the
controversie
about
the
Sacrament
,
leaving
that
to
Luther
,
and
being
loth
publickly
to
manifest
his
dissent
from
him
:
Yet
it
is
certaine
,
that
as
they
went
to
the
Colloquie
of
Ratisbon
together
anno
1541.
he
communicated
his
opinion
to
Luther
,
His
opinion
about
the
Lords
Supper
.
confirmed
by
the
Testimonies
of
the
ancient
Fathers
,
both
Greek
and
Latine
;
and
when
Luther
had
made
some
Annotations
upon
those
sentences
which
contradicted
his
opinion
,
Melancthon
said
,
Mr.
Dr.
I
could
make
the
like
Annotations
,
but
sure
they
are
not
strong
enough
.
After
all
his
great
labours
in
the
Church
and
Vniversity
,
he
carried
away
the
usuall
reward
of
the
world
,
reproof
,
accusations
,
injuries
,
and
reproaches
.
Anno
Christi
1555.
a
tumult
being
raised
amongst
the
students
,
he
went
forth
to
perswade
them
to
peace
,
when
one
of
them
ran
at
him
with
his
drawne
sword
,
He
is
in
great
danger
.
and
if
God
by
a
speciall
providence
had
not
prevented
,
had
slaine
him
.
The
Flacians
especially
,
continually
railed
upon
,
and
threatned
him
,
whereupon
he
said
,
Avide
,
&
tranquillo
animo
expecto
exilia
,
The
Flacians
hate
him
.
sicut
&
ad
Principes
scripsi
,
dixerunt
adversarii
,
se
perfecturos
esse
,
ut
non
sim
habiturus
vestigium
,
ubi
pedem
collocare
possem
in
Germania
.
Utinam
hoc
cito
perficiant
,
ut
filius
Dei
ad
Judam
dicit
:
Erit
mihi
vel
in
caelo
morienti
vestigium
:
vel
si
vivam
in
hoc
corpore
,
apud
honestos
,
&
Doctos
viros
,
vel
in
Germania
,
vel
alibi
.
At
stultitiam
inimicorum
miror
:
qui
sese
Dominos
Germaniae
esse
existimant
,
&
me
his
minis
terreri
.
He
was
somewhat
sickly
,
being
sometimes
troubled
with
the
Cholick
,
and
hypocondriacall
winde
.
He
had
a
strong
braine
,
without
which
it
had
not
been
possible
for
him
to
have
gone
through
so
many
,
and
great
businesses
for
so
many
years
together
.
His
Character
.
In
his
diet
he
was
content
with
a
little
.
He
was
modest
in
all
his
life
:
In
his
apparel
he
had
respect
to
his
health
.
He
was
liberall
to
all
;
affable
and
courteous
.
One
George
Sabine
travelling
to
Italy
,
and
Rome
,
for
the
improvement
of
his
learning
;
a
certain
Cardinall
discoursing
with
him
about
Wittenberg
,
asked
him
what
stipend
they
allowed
to
Melancthon
?
His
small
means
.
Sabine
answered
,
Three
hundred
Florences
by
the
year
.
Then
said
the
Cardinal
,
O
ungratefull
Germany
,
who
makest
no
more
account
of
the
many
,
and
great
labours
of
so
eminent
a
man
.
On
a
time
Prince
Maurice
,
Elector
of
Saxony
,
asked
Melancthon
if
he
wanted
any
thing
for
the
supplie
of
his
necessities
?
His
contentedness
therewith
.
He
told
him
;
No.
Then
did
the
Elector
bid
him
Ask
what
he
would
,
to
which
he
answered
,
that
he
had
his
stipen●●
,
with
which
he
was
well
content
;
yet
the
Elector
bid
him
again
,
Ask
,
to
which
he
answered
,
Since
your
Excellency
will
have
me
to
ask
something
,
I
crave
leave
to
be
dismissed
from
my
place
,
and
imployments
.
Whereupon
the
Elector
intreated
him
to
continue
in
them
still
,
wondring
at
his
contentedness
with
so
small
means
.
When
he
was
first
himselfe
converted
,
he
thought
it
impossible
for
his
hearers
to
withstand
the
evidence
of
the
Truth
in
the
Ministry
of
the
Gospel
:
But
after
he
had
been
a
Preacher
a
while
,
he
complained
that
Old
Adam
was
too
hard
for
young
Melancthon
.
He
is
called
by
one
,
Phoenix
Germaniae
,
&
alter
Elizaeus
Three
difficulties
.
He
used
to
say
that
there
were
three
labours
very
difficult
,
Regentis
,
Doc●ntis
,
Parturientis
,
of
Magistrates
,
Ministers
,
and
Women
in
Travel
.
He
made
his
own
Epitaph
:
Iste
brevis
tumulus
miseri
tenet
ossa
Philippi
:
Qui
qualis
fuerit
nescio
,
talis
erat
.
Here
lies
i●
terred
in
these
stones
Much
afflicted
Philips
bones
:
For
alwayes
such
〈◊〉
life
was
her
;
I
know
not
what
in
death
heel
hee
.
Scripsit
Melancthon
volumina
insinita
,
variis
in
locis
impressa
:
Cu●us
tamen
lucubrationes
editas
usque
ad
annum
1541.
Hervagius
excudit
Basiliae
Tomis
quinque
,
anno
Christi
1546.
But
afterwards
there
were
many
more
of
his
works
published
,
the
Catalogue
whereof
you
may
find
in
Verheiden
.
JO:
ALASCO
The
Life
of
Iohn
Lascus
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1558.
JOhn
Lascus
was
borne
of
a
Noble
family
in
Poland
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
brought
up
in
learning
:
Afterwards
travelling
to
Zurick
in
Helvetiad
he
was
by
Zuinglius
perswaded
to
betake
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
He
comes
to
Zurick
.
and
having
thereby
imbraced
that
Religion
,
which
hath
its
foundation
upon
the
word
of
God
,
he
was
very
desirous
to
increase
in
holiness
.
He
had
a
very
great
love
to
Christ
,
and
his
people
;
A
great
hatred
to
Popery
and
Superstition
,
and
a
great
contempt
of
the
world
:
so
that
whereas
he
might
have
been
preferred
to
great
honour
in
his
own
Countrey
,
His
conversion
such
was
his
,
love
to
Christ
and
his
Church
,
and
such
his
hatred
to
Popery
,
that
he
chose
with
Moses
to
suffer
affliction
with
the
people
of
God
,
Christ
best
of
all
.
rather
then
to
live
in
worldly
honour
and
peace
amongst
his
friends
.
Coming
into
Frisland
,
Anno
Christi
1542.
he
was
called
to
be
a
Pastor
at
Embden
,
where
he
fed
,
and
ruled
his
flock
with
great
diligence
.
Chosen
Pastor
at
Embden
.
The
year
after
,
he
was
sent
for
by
Anne
,
the
widow
of
Count
Oldenburg
to
reform
the
Churches
in
East-Frisland
;
and
the
next
year
after
by
Albert
Duke
of
Prussia
,
Reformation
in
East
Frisland
.
but
when
he
agreed
not
with
him
in
judgement
about
the
Lords
Supper
,
the
work
remained
unperfected
.
He
remained
in
Frisland
about
ten
years
,
at
the
end
whereof
the
Emperor
persecuting
the
Protestants
)
he
was
sent
for
by
King
Edwa●d
the
sixth
(
upon
Crammer's
motion
)
into
England
,
He
is
sent
for
into
England
.
where
he
gathered
,
preached
unto
,
and
governed
the
Dutch-Church
,
which
remains
to
this
day
.
In
the
dayes
of
Queen
Mary
,
Anno
Christi
1553.
he
obtained
leave
to
return
beyond
S●a
,
and
went
with
a
good
part
of
his
Congregation
into
Denmark
,
He
goes
into
Denmark
.
to
the
Royal
City
of
Coppenhagew
:
But
Noviomagus
the
Court
Preacher
and
a
Lutheran
,
took
occasion
in
a
Sermon
to
impugne
the
error
(
as
he
called
it
)
of
the
Sacramentaries
:
Hereupon
Lascus
set
forth
a
writing
wherein
he
asserted
the
truth
,
He
is
driven
〈◊〉
.
and
confuted
the
error
of
Consubstantia
i●n
:
This
occasioned
a
conference
between
Noviomagus
and
him
,
where
Lascus
and
his
Church
did
not
dissemble
their
opinion
:
but
asserted
the
truth
;
which
the
K.
of
Denmark
[
Christian
]
being
informed
of
,
made
a
decree
that
they
should
not
stay
in
his
Kingdom
,
except
they
would
follow
the
Doctrine
of
Luther
,
and
use
the
Ceremonies
ordained
by
him
.
Lascus
and
his
Church
refused
this
,
yet
intreated
that
the
〈◊〉
might
be
d●ferred
,
which
the
King
would
be
no
means
permit
,
but
commanded
them
presently
to
depart
his
Kingdom
.
By
this
means
they
were
forced
in
a
most
cold
winter
season
,
with
their
wives
great
with
child
,
&
their
children
to
depart
out
of
Denmark
&
the
Hanse-towns
refused
to
receive
them
:
His
afflictions
.
The
Churches
of
Saxony
also
rejected
them
,
not
suffering
them
to
live
amongst
them
upon
like
reason
:
At
length
that
poor
Congregation
found
entertainment
in
Frisland
under
the
Lady
Ann
Oldenburg
,
and
setled
at
Embden
.
Anno
Christi
1555
,
He
removes
to
Frankford
.
he
went
thence
to
Francford
upon
Main
,
where
:
with
the
consent
of
the
Senate
,
he
gathered
a
Church
of
strangers
,
especially
out
of
Belgia
.
From
thence
the
year
after
he
wrote
a
Letter
to
the
King
of
Poland
,
and
his
Council
,
He
vindicates
himselfe
.
vindicating
his
Doctrine
from
some
aspersions
cast
upon
it
by
Westphalus
,
Timan
,
and
Pomeran
,
shewing
that
their
Doctrine
about
Consubstantiation
was
contrary
to
the
sense
of
the
Scripture
,
to
the
analogie
of
faith
,
and
to
the
generall
judgement
of
the
Churches
of
Christ
,
and
that
it
could
not
be
retained
without
contumely
to
Christ
:
He
complained
also
that
his
Doctrine
about
the
Sacrament
was
onely
condemned
by
reason
of
prejudice
:
That
his
adversaries
dealt
with
him
after
the
manner
of
the
Papists
,
who
carry
their
business
not
by
Scripture
and
arguments
,
but
by
force
;
accusing
all
for
Hereticks
which
close
not
with
them
in
all
things
.
About
the
same
time
many
enemies
rose
up
against
him
,
and
his
Congregation
,
for
differing
from
them
about
Christ's
presence
in
the
Sacrament
,
especially
one
Westphalus
,
who
wrote
bitterly
against
them
,
calling
them
Zuinglians
,
Lutheran
censoriousness
.
and
affirming
that
all
those
which
had
suffered
about
that
point
in
Belgia
,
England
,
or
France
were
the
Divels
Martyrs
.
At
last
Lascus
returned
into
his
owne
Country
,
from
which
he
had
been
absent
twenty
years
:
There
he
found
Gods
harvest
to
be
great
,
and
the
labourers
to
be
very
●ew
.
His
coming
was
very
unwelcom
to
the
Popish
Clergy
,
who
sought
by
all
means
to
destroy
him
,
or
to
get
him
banished
,
Popish
malice
.
and
therefore
they
accused
him
to
the
King
for
an
Heretick
,
beseeching
him
not
to
suffer
him
to
stay
in
the
Kingdom
;
To
whom
the
King
answered
,
That
though
they
pronounced
him
an
Heretick
,
yet
the
States
of
the
Kingdom
did
not
so
esteem
him
,
and
that
he
was
ready
to
clear
himselfe
from
those
aspersions
.
When
they
thus
prevailed
not
,
they
cast
abroad
reproaches
,
and
all
manner
of
lies
,
as
if
hee
would
stir
up
a
civil
war
in
the
Kingdom
:
But
it
pleased
God
when
he
had
spent
a
little
time
in
instructing
his
friends
,
that
he
sickned
and
dyed
,
His
death
.
An
Chr.
1560.
He
was
of
an
excellent
wit
and
judgement
,
and
tooke
much
paines
to
have
composed
that
difference
in
the
Churches
about
Christ's
presence
in
the
Sacrament
,
though
it
succeeded
not
.
The
King
of
Poland
had
him
in
such
esteeme
,
that
hee
made
use
of
his
advice
,
and
help
in
many
great
and
difficult
businesses
.
His
Works
are
these
.
Liber
de
Coena
Domini
.
His
Works
.
Epistola
continens
summam
controversiae
de
Coena
Domini
breviter
explicatam
,
Confessio
de
nostra
cum
Christo
communione
,
&
corporis
sui
in
Coena
exhibitione
Epistola
ad
Bremensis
Ecclesiae
Ministros
.
●ontra
Mennonem
,
Catabaptistarum
Principem
.
De
recta
Ecclesiarum
instituendarum
ratione
Epistolae
tres
.
Epistolae
ad
Sigismundum
Regem
Poloniae
,
Purgatio
Ministrorum
in
Ecclesus
peregrinis
Francofurti
.
Forma
,
&
ratio
totius
Ecclesiastici
Ministerii
Edvardi
sexti
in
peregrinorum
,
maxime
Germanorum
Ecclesia
.
The
Life
of
Augustine
Marlorat
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1562.
AUgustine
Marlorat
was
born
in
Lorrain
,
Anno
1506.
His
parents
dying
whilst
he
was
young
,
His
Birth
and
Education
.
and
his
kindred
gaping
after
his
estate
,
thrust
him
at
eight
years
old
into
a
Monastery
of
Augustine
Friars
,
by
which
means
(
God
so
ordering
it
)
he
was
brought
up
in
Learning
,
Gods
providence
.
and
became
a
Preache●
,
and
being
addicted
to
the
study
of
the
Tongues
,
and
the
Reformed
Religion
,
He
leaves
his
Monastery
.
he
would
no
longer
live
amongst
those
idle
Drones
,
and
Slow-bellies
;
but
leaving
them
,
went
to
the
University
of
Lausanna
in
the
Country
of
Bern
,
where
he
profited
much
in
Learning
,
He
goes
to
Lusanna
.
and
came
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Truth
,
and
from
thence
was
chosen
to
be
the
Pastor
at
Vivia
,
near
to
the
Lake
of
Leman
:
and
from
thence
hee
was
called
to
Roan
,
His
conversion
where
was
a
populous
Church
,
which
he
instructed
and
taught
so
holily
,
He
is
called
to
Roan
.
and
with
such
prudence
,
that
his
honesty
protected
him
against
the
rage
,
and
malice
of
his
adversaries
.
Anno
Christi
1561
he
was
present
at
the
conferenc
at
Possy
between
the
Cardinal
of
Lorrain
,
and
The●dore
Beza
,
where
he
acquitted
himself
with
much
courage
,
His
zeal
and
courage
.
appearing
on
the
Protestants
side
against
the
Papists
.
The
year
following
,
when
the
Civil
Wars
brake
forth
in
France
,
the
City
of
Roan
was
besieged
,
and
after
a
hard
siege
was
taken
by
storm
,
at
which
time
this
August
.
Marlorat
,
the
chief
Minister
of
the
City
was
taken
also
,
and
carried
before
Monmorency
the
Constable
of
France
,
who
grievously
chid
him
,
and
cast
him
into
a
streight
prison
;
and
the
next
morning
the
Constable
and
the
Duke
of
Guise
went
to
the
prison
,
and
calling
for
Marlorat
,
the
Constable
said
to
him
,
You
are
he
who
hath
seduced
the
people
.
Marl.
If
I
have
seduced
them
,
His
conference
with
Monmorency
.
it
's
God
that
hath
done
it
rather
then
I
:
for
I
have
preached
nothing
to
them
but
Divine
Truths
.
Const.
You
are
a
seditious
person
,
and
the
cause
of
the
ruin
of
this
great
City
.
Marl.
As
for
that
imputation
,
I
referre
my self
to
all
that
have
heard
me
preach
,
be
they
Papists
or
Protestants
,
whether
I
ever
medled
with
matters
of
the
Politick
State
or
no
;
but
contrariwise
I
have
according
to
my
ability
laboured
to
instruct
them
out
of
the
holy
Scriptures
.
To
this
the
Constable
with
an
oath
replyed
,
that
he
,
and
his
abettors
plotted
together
to
make
the
Prince
of
Condie
King
,
the
Admirall
Coligni
,
Duke
of
Normandy
,
and
Andelot
,
Duke
of
Britaine
.
To
this
Marlorat
answered
,
professing
his
own
innocency
,
and
the
innocency
of
those
noble
personages
.
But
the
Constable
swearing
a
great
oath
,
said
,
We
shall
see
within
a
few
daies
whether
thy
God
can
deliver
thee
out
of
my
hand
,
Blasp●emy
.
or
no
,
and
so
departed
in
a
great
rage
.
Not
long
after
at
the
instance
of
Bigot
,
Advocate
for
the
King
,
an
Indictment
was
drawn
up
against
him
,
and
some
others
,
He
is
condemned
of
Treason
whereupon
they
were
condemned
for
high
Treason
,
for
that
he
had
been
(
as
they
said
)
the
author
of
the
great
assemblies
,
which
were
the
cause
of
Rebellion
,
and
Civill
Warres
,
and
therefore
as
a
punishment
to
satisfie
the
Law
for
these
things
,
the
Court
adjudged
and
condemned
the
said
Marlorat
to
be
drawn
upon
a
sled
,
and
to
be
hanged
upon
a
gibbe●
before
our
Ladies
Church
in
Roan
.
This
done
,
his
head
to
bee
stricken
off
from
his
body
,
and
set
upon
a
pole
upon
the
bridge
of
the
same
City
,
his
goods
and
inheritance
to
be
confiscated
to
the
Kings
use
;
and
shortly
after
this
sentence
was
executed
,
viz.
Anno
Christi
1562
,
and
of
his
age
56.
Hee
was
excellently
learned
,
and
of
a
most
unblameable
life
,
and
had
the
testimony
even
of
the
Papists
themselves
that
heard
him
,
that
in
his
Sermons
he
never
uttered
ought
that
tended
to
Sedition
or
Rebellion
.
Yet
his
malitious
adversaries
were
not
content
onely
to
see
him
drawn
upon
an
hurdle
,
Popish
rage
and
malice
.
but
the
Constable
also
loaded
him
with
a
thousand
disgraces
and
outrages
,
as
also
a
sonne
of
his
called
Monbrun
,
Gods
judgements
on
persecutors
.
who
shortly
after
was
slaine
in
the
battel
of
Dreux
.
One
Villebon
also
gave
him
a
switch
with
a
wand
,
adding
many
reproachfull
speeches
thereto
:
But
this
meek
●amb
bare
all
those
indignities
with
admirable
patience
and
meekness
.
When
he
was
come
to
the
place
where
he
should
suffer
,
His
martyrdome
.
he
made
an
excellent
speech
,
as
the
time
then
permitted
him
;
exhorting
two
that
were
to
suffer
with
him
to
stand
stedfast
to
the
end
,
which
they
also
did
.
When
he
was
now
dead
,
yet
the
rage
of
his
adversaries
ceased
not
there
,
but
one
of
the
souldiers
with
his
sword
struck
at
his
legges
.
Yet
Gods
judgments
found
out
his
adversaries
very
speedily
:
Gods
judgements
on
his
enemie●
.
For
the
Captain
that
apprehended
Marlorat
was
slaine
within
three
weeks
,
by
one
of
the
basest
souldiers
in
all
his
company
.
Two
of
his
Judges
also
died
very
strangely
soon
after
;
viz.
the
President
of
the
Parliament
by
a
flux
of
blood
,
which
could
be
by
no
means
stanched
:
The
other
being
a
Counsellor
,
voyding
his
Urine
by
his
fundament
,
with
such
an
intollerable
stink
that
none
could
come
near
him
.
The
aforenamed
Villebon
also
,
that
switcht
him
,
escaped
no
better
:
For
a
while
after
the
Marshall
Vielle
Ville
coming
to
Roan
about
publick
affairs
,
invited
Villebon
to
dinner
,
and
after
dinner
lamenting
the
miseries
of
that
City
,
he
exhorted
Villebon
to
endeavour
the
redress
of
many
abuses
,
being
the
Kings
Leiutenant
there
;
which
Villebon
took
so
ill
,
that
hee
said
,
If
any
man
dare
to
taxe
me
for
not
carrying
my self
as
I
ought
in
my
place
,
I
would
tel
him
to
his
face
,
that
hee
lyed
;
which
words
he
repeated
so
often
over
,
that
the
Marshall
being
urged
very
much
therewith
,
strake
with
his
sword
at
him
with
such
violence
,
that
had
he
not
received
the
blow
with
his
hand
,
his
head
had
been
cleft
to
his
teeth
;
so
that
for
the
present
he
escaped
with
the
losse
of
his
hand
wherewith
hee
had
so
dishonourably
smitten
Aug.
Marlorat
at
the
place
of
execution
.
Marlorat
collected
out
of
the
best
Writers
of
his
time
,
His
Works
.
adding
the
names
of
the
Authors
,
and
sometimes
inserting
his
own
opinions
;
Commentaries
upon
all
the
New
Testament
:
As
also
upon
Genesis
,
Psalmes
,
Canticles
,
Isaiah
.
He
left
also
a
Thesaurus
of
the
Doctrine
of
the
Prophets
and
Apostles
;
i.
e.
Totius
Canonicae
Scripturae
,
in
locos
communes
,
dogmatum
,
&
phrasium
ordine
alphabetico
digestum
.
P.
MARTYR
The
Life
of
Peter
Martyr
,
who
died
Anno
Christi
1562.
PEter
Martyr
was
born
at
Vermile
in
Florence
,
His
birth
and
education
.
Anno
Christi
1500
,
of
an
antient
and
honourable
Family
.
His
parents
were
very
sollicitous
and
carefull
for
his
Education
,
and
his
Mother
being
well
skilled
in
Latine
,
trained
him
up
in
it
from
his
childhood
,
and
read
Terence
his
Comedies
to
him
.
Afterwards
they
placed
him
forth
under
the
choicest
Schoolmasters
,
and
he
being
of
a
pregnant
wit
,
and
ingeniout
disposition
,
gave
great
hopes
in
his
minority
of
excelling
in
future
times
.
His
diligence
.
He
was
exceeding
studious
and
painfull
,
spending
no
time
idle
.
And
finding
that
in
the
rich
and
flourishing
City
of
Florence
hee
met
with
many
tentations
to
Luxury
and
Riot
,
at
sixteen
yeares
old
he
entered
into
a
Monastery
of
Regular
Cannons
of
Saint
Augustine
in
Fessula
hard
by
Florence
.
He
enters
into
a
Monastery
.
This
action
of
his
much
displeased
and
grieved
his
Father
,
well
knowing
that
the
seeming
holyness
of
those
Fryars
was
but
meer
hypocrisie
.
And
besides
,
having
no
other
son
,
he
much
desired
that
this
Peter
by
Marriage
should
have
preserved
and
propagated
his
name
and
family
:
The
causes
of
it
.
But
that
which
moved
Peter
Martyr
to
choose
this
course
of
life
,
was
,
that
he
might
have
leisure
to
serve
God
,
to
follow
his
study
,
and
to
benefit
himself
,
by
the
full
,
and
famous
Library
which
was
in
that
Monastery
.
There
he
spent
three
yeares
in
the
study
of
the
Arts
,
and
holy
Scriptures
,
His
remove
to
Padua
.
part
whereof
he
learned
by
heart
.
Then
he
went
to
Padua
,
where
entering
into
a
Monastery
of
the
same
order
,
he
continued
there
almost
eight
years
,
in
which
time
he
almost
wholly
employed
himself
in
the
study
of
Philosophy
,
His
imployment
there
.
spending
both
night
and
day
in
meditating
thereupon
,
in
Reading
,
Writing
,
and
Disputations
.
There
hee
heard
also
the
daily
Lectures
of
famous
Philosophers
which
were
Professors
in
that
University
,
as
Branda
,
Genua
,
Confalionerius
,
&c.
And
finding
that
Aristotle
was
in
many
places
not
appositly
translated
into
Latine
,
hee
resolved
to
study
the
Greek
Tongue
,
which
accordingly
he
did
with
great
pains
,
wanting
fit
Masters
to
assist
him
therein
,
spending
whole
nights
in
the
Library
of
the
Monastery
,
He
studies
Greek
.
with
Benedict
Cusanus
,
the
companion
of
all
his
studies
.
By
which
diligence
of
his
,
he
attained
to
such
readinesse
,
that
he
was
able
without
help
to
understand
the
Greek
Orators
,
Philosophers
,
and
Poets
also
,
who
differed
in
their
Dialect
from
the
former
.
During
his
abode
there
,
he
also
heard
the
constant
Lectures
of
three
Divines
.
When
he
was
26
yeares
old
,
He
is
called
to
the
Ministry
.
the
fraternity
of
that
Monastery
called
him
to
the
office
of
Preaching
,
whereby
he
might
put
in
practice
his
former
private
studies
,
be
serviceable
to
them
,
and
make
himself
famous
;
and
upon
triall
,
his
learning
,
and
abilities
appeared
to
be
such
,
that
he
was
honoured
with
the
degree
of
a
Doctor
.
He
beganne
first
to
preach
in
the
Church
of
Brixia
,
and
afterwards
in
the
most
famous
Cities
of
Italy
:
In
Rome
,
Bononia
,
Firmum
,
Pisa
,
Venice
,
Mantua
,
Bergomum
,
and
Montferrat
.
And
all
the
time
which
hee
could
gaine
from
Preaching
,
he
spent
in
the
study
of
Philosophy
and
Divinity
.
He
preached
also
privately
,
and
read
Lectures
in
the
Colledges
at
Padua
,
Ravenna
,
Bononia
,
and
Vercellis
.
Hitherto
he
had
mostly
applyed
himself
to
the
study
of
the
Schoolmen
,
yet
had
spent
some
time
in
reading
of
the
Fathers
,
but
now
he
began
to
spend
most
of
his
time
in
searching
the
Fountains
,
the
Old
and
New
Testament
;
He
studies
the
Scriptur●s
▪
●nd
the
Hebrew
.
and
finding
that
to
enable
him
thereto
,
the
knowledge
of
the
Hebrew
was
very
necessary
,
whilst
he
was
Vicar
to
the
Prior
in
Bononia
,
he
gat
him
one
Isaac
a
Jew
for
his
Master
,
and
applyed
himself
to
the
study
of
that
Language
;
and
though
hee
had
little
help
from
his
Master
,
yet
by
his
singular
diligence
and
industry
,
hee
attained
good
skill
in
the
Hebrew
:
And
his
name
grew
very
famous
in
the
chief
Cities
of
Italy
;
whereupon
the
Superiours
of
his
Order
approving
his
diligence
,
resolved
to
advance
him
to
some
greater
dignity
,
Removed
to
Spoleta
.
and
so
by
the
consent
of
all
he
was
made
Abbat
of
Spoleta
;
which
Office
when
he
had
once
undertaken
,
he
carried
himself
so
excellen●ly
therein
,
that
he
was
admired
of
all
,
considering
that
hitherto
he
had
been
onely
employed
in
his
studies
,
and
yet
now
shewed
such
admirable
wisdome
and
dexterity
in
managing
the
affairs
of
his
Monastery
.
His
prudence
appeared
notably
in
these
two
examples
.
There
were
in
Spoleta
two
Nunneries
,
and
one
Monastery
of
Augustinian
Cannons
Regular
,
where
Martyr
resided
.
These
houses
,
His
Prudence
.
through
the
negligence
of
former
Abbats
,
were
so
corrupted
with
Luxury
and
uncleannesse
▪
that
they
were
extreamely
hated
by
all
men
.
Doctor
Martyr
seeing
this
,
by
the
authority
of
his
Office
reduced
them
quickly
into
order
,
by
teaching
,
admonishing
,
exhorting
,
and
sometimes
by
using
severe
castigation
▪
so
that
he
procured
great
credit
to
himself
,
and
love
to
his
Order
.
The
other
example
was
this
:
The
Common-wealth
of
Spoleta
,
as
most
others
in
Italy
,
was
divided
into
factions
and
feuds
,
whereupon
not
onely
quarrels
,
but
mu●ther
often
ensued
;
and
though
the
former
Abbats
had
endeavoured
,
yet
could
they
never
reconcile
these
differences
.
Our
Martyr
was
not
ignorant
hereof
,
and
yet
looking
upon
it
as
his
duty
,
resolved
rather
to
hazard
the
loss
of
his
life
,
then
to
suffer
Christians
thus
to
intertear
one
another
;
and
it
pleased
God
so
farre
to
blesse
his
labours
,
that
all
the
time
of
his
living
in
that
City
,
his
authority
,
prudence
,
and
eloquence
so
farre
prevailed
,
that
there
was
neither
fight
nor
murther
;
no
nor
the
least
footsteps
of
Faction
appearing
amongst
the
people
.
At
Spoleta
he
continued
three
years
,
at
the
end
whereof
,
by
a
publique
convention
of
the
Superiours
of
the
Order
,
he
was
made
Governour
of
the
Colledge
at
Naples
,
He
is
removed
to
Naples
.
which
for
the
amaenity
of
the
place
,
and
profits
belonging
to
it
,
was
of
great
esteem
.
In
that
City
,
it
pleased
God
,
that
he
began
to
attain
to
more
light
,
and
knowledge
of
the
Truth
then
formerly
he
had
:
His
conversion
For
by
his
study
of
the
Scriptures
,
through
the
illumination
of
the
Holy
Ghost
,
he
began
to
take
notice
of
the
errours
and
abuses
which
were
crept
into
the
Church
;
whereupon
(
God
enclining
his
heart
thereto
)
he
began
to
read
some
Protestant
Authors
,
and
gat
Bucers
Commentaries
upon
the
Evangelists
,
and
his
Annotations
upon
the
Psalmes
;
As
also
Zuinglius
De
vera
&
falsa
Religione
:
&
De
Providentia
Dei
,
&c.
by
which
,
he
confessed
afterwards
,
that
he
profited
very
much
.
He
daily
also
conferred
with
some
friends
which
were
addicted
to
the
study
of
the
Reformed
Religion
,
to
the
mutuall
edification
of
both
parties
:
The
chief
of
these
were
Benedict
Cusanus
,
his
old
friend
:
Anthony
Flaminius
,
and
John
Valdesius
,
a
noble
Spaniard
,
made
a
Knight
by
Charles
the
fifth
,
who
after
he
had
embraced
the
Truth
in
the
love
of
it
,
spent
his
time
in
Italy
,
especially
in
Naples
;
where
by
his
life
and
doctrine
he
had
gained
many
to
Christ
,
and
amongst
those
divers
of
the
Nobility
and
learned
men
,
and
some
noble
women
,
as
the
Lady
Isabella
Manricha
,
who
was
afterwards
banished
for
Christs
cause
,
&c.
As
also
the
noble
Galleacius
Caracciolus
,
Marquesse
of
Vico.
A
Church
being
thus
,
A
Church
in
Naples
.
by
Gods
providence
,
gathered
in
Naples
,
Peter
Martyr
joyned
himself
to
it
,
and
being
desirous
to
impart
that
light
to
others
which
God
had
revealed
to
him
,
Martyr
teacheth
.
he
began
to
expound
the
first
Epistle
to
the
Corinthians
,
and
that
with
great
fruit
:
For
not
onely
the
Fellows
of
his
Colledge
resorted
to
it
,
but
many
Bishops
and
Noblemen
:
but
when
he
came
to
the
words
of
Saint
Paul
in
1
Cor.
3
,
13
,
14.
Every
mans
work
shall
be
made
manifest
,
for
the
day
shall
declare
it
,
because
it
shall
be
revealed
by
fire
,
&c.
and
had
interpreted
them
contrary
to
the
received
opinion
,
he
stirred
up
many
Adversaries
against
him
:
For
it
's
commonly
thought
that
these
words
imply
a
Purgatory
,
whereas
Martyr
shewed
out
of
the
antient
Fathers
,
that
these
words
could
not
be
so
understood
.
But
such
as
were
addicted
to
the
Pope
,
and
their
Bellies
,
could
by
no
means
endure
this
interpretation
of
his
;
knowing
that
if
Purgatory
were
overthrown
,
a
great
part
of
their
profits
by
Masses
,
Indulgences
,
&c.
He
is
suspended
.
would
presently
cease
:
Whereupon
they
accused
Martyr
,
and
so
far
prevailed
,
that
his
Lecture
was
put
down
;
but
Martyr
refused
to
obey
this
sentence
as
unjust
;
and
trusting
to
the
goodness
of
his
cause
,
appealed
to
the
Pope
,
and
at
Rome
,
by
the
assistance
of
his
friends
he
overcame
his
adversaries
:
●ppeales
to
〈◊〉
Pope
.
For
at
that
time
he
had
there
potent
friends
,
as
Cardinall
Gonzaga
,
Gasper
Contarone
,
Re●nold
Poole
,
Peter
Bembus
,
and
Frederick
Fregosius
,
all
learned
men
,
and
gracious
with
the
Pope
;
who
also
acknowledged
that
the
Church
needed
some
Reformation
.
By
these
mens
assistance
he
took
off
the
Interdict
,
Is
restored
.
and
was
restored
to
his
former
liberty
of
Preaching
,
which
yet
he●
could
not
long
enjoy
:
For
before
he
had
been
three
year●●
at
Naples
,
he
fell
into
a
grievous
and
mortall
disease
,
Hee
falls
sick
.
togegether
with
his
old
fellow
Student
,
Benedict
Cusanus
,
who
also
died
there
.
But
Martyr
,
by
the
goodnesse
of
God
,
and
the
diligence
of
his
Physitians
,
was
(
though
with
much
difficulty
)
cured
.
Whereupon
the
Superiours
of
his
Order
,
seeing
that
the
air
of
Naples
did
not
agree
with
him
,
in
a
publick
convention
made
him
Generall
Visitor
of
their
Order
.
He
is
made
Visitor
Generall
.
In
which
Office
he
so
demeaned
himself
,
that
good
men
much
commended
his
integrity
,
constancy
,
and
gravity
;
and
others
feared
him
,
not
daring
to
discover
their
hatred
against
him
.
Not
long
after
in
a
publick
convention
of
the
Superiours
Removed
to
Luca.
of
his
Order
,
he
was
made
Prior
of
a
Monastery
in
Luca
:
Some
out
of
love
preferred
him
to
this
place
;
others
thinking
that
it
would
bee
his
ruine
;
for
there
was
an
ancient
grudge
between
Florence
and
Luca
;
He
is
much
beloved
.
the
latter
suspecting
that
the
Florentines
sought
to
enslave
them
.
But
Martyr
by
his
excellent
learning
and
vertue
,
did
so
binde
the
hearts
of
those
of
Luca
to
him
,
that
contrary
to
the
expectation
of
his
adversaries
,
himself
being
a
Florentine
,
was
no
lesse
esteemed
at
Luca
then
if
he
had
been
born
amongst
them
.
Whereupon
they
earnestly
desired
the
Superiours
of
his
Order
,
that
by
no
means
he
might
be
removed
from
them
.
Martyr
thus
continuing
at
Luca
,
had
in
his
Colledge
many
learned
men
,
and
many
hopefull
youths
,
amongst
whom
he
setled
such
a
Discipline
as
might
most
advance
holinesse
of
life
,
He
advanceth
Religion
and
Learning
.
religion
,
and
learning
.
Hee
took
care
also
that
the
younger
sort
should
be
instructed
in
the
three
Languages
;
for
which
end
he
had
Paul
Lacisius
of
Verona
to
read
Latine
;
Celsus
,
of
the
noble
Family
of
the
Martinengi
,
to
read
Greek
;
&
Immanuel
Tremelius
,
Hebrew
to
them
;
and
that
the
younger
sort
together
with
the
Greek
might
suck
in
Divinity
,
himself
daily
expounded
Paul's
Epistles
to
them
;
and
afterwards
required
them
to
read
over
the
same
;
and
every
night
before
supper
,
hee
publickly
expounded
one
of
David's
Psalms
:
Very
many
out
of
the
City
resorted
to
his
Lectures
of
the
Nobility
and
Senators
.
And
that
he
might
the
better
plant
Religion
in
that
Commonwealth
,
he
preached
to
them
every
Sabbath
day
:
And
what
fruit
his
Ministry
had
,
may
be
discerned
by
this
,
that
in
one
years
space
after
his
departure
out
of
Italy
,
eighteen
Fellowes
of
that
Colledge
left
their
places
,
The
fruits
of
his
labours
.
and
the
Papacy
,
betaking
themselves
to
the
Reformed
Churches
;
amongst
whom
was
Celsus
Martinengus
(
afterwards
Pastor
of
the
Italian
Church
in
Geneva
)
Zanchy
,
Tremelius
,
&c.
Many
Citizens
also
of
Luca
went
into
voluntary
exile
,
where
they
might
enjoy
the
Gospel
with
peace
and
safety
.
Whilst
Peter
Martyr
was
at
Luca
,
there
met
in
that
City
the
Emperour
Charles
the
fifth
,
the
Pope
Paul
the
third
,
and
Cardinal
Contarene
,
coming
Legate
out
of
Germany
;
who
for
old
acquaintance
sake
quartered
with
Peter
Martyr
,
and
had
daily
much
conference
with
him
about
Religion
.
Most
men
thought
that
Martyr
would
be
in
no
small
danger
,
by
reason
of
the
presence
of
the
Pope
;
because
that
his
envious
enemies
would
suggest
something
to
the
suspicious
old
man
,
which
might
turne
to
Martyrs
great
trouble
.
But
because
he
was
strengthned
with
his
own
authority
and
learning
,
and
had
much
room
in
the
hearts
of
the
people
,
having
also
great
friends
,
they
stirred
not
for
the
present
,
but
waited
a
fitter
opportunity
,
His
enemies
Policy
.
intending
rather
secretly
to
set
upon
him
:
and
that
they
might
he
better
try
the
patience
of
the
people
of
Luca
,
they
(
by
the
Popes
command
)
seized
upon
a
Fryer
of
his
Colledge
,
and
cast
him
into
Prison
,
A
godly
Frier
imprisoned
.
accusing
him
for
violation
of
their
Religion
;
which
thing
some
Noblemen
of
Luca
taking
grievously
,
who
knew
the
piety
&
innocency
of
the
man
,
breaking
open
the
Prison
,
And
delivered
.
took
him
out
,
and
conveighed
him
forth
of
the
City
,
and
bad
him
fly
for
his
life
:
But
it
pleased
God
that
by
a
fall
he
brake
his
legg
,
Again
apprehended
and
●ent
to
Rome
.
whereby
being
again
apprehended
,
he
was
sent
prisoner
to
Rome
.
This
business
succeeding
answerable
to
their
desires
,
they
intended
presently
to
fal
upon
Martyr
,
whereupon
they
laid
wait
for
him
in
every
place
:
They
proceed
against
Martyr
.
They
put
in
an
accusation
against
him
at
Rome
,
and
in
all
the
Colledges
of
his
Order
they
stirred
up
his
old
enemies
against
him
,
telling
them
,
that
now
the
time
was
come
wherein
they
might
recover
their
former
liberty
(
so
they
called
lientiousness
)
●nd
to
be
revenged
on
Pet.
Martyr
:
So
that
by
these
mens
instigations
they
met
at
Genoa
,
not
as
usually
,
the
Superiours
of
the
Order
,
but
those
especially
that
bore
the
greatest
hate
to
Martyr
,
or
envied
him
most
.
These
men
summon
Martyr
presently
to
appear
as
Genoa
:
But
he
being
informed
of
the
snares
that
were
laid
for
him
,
which
his
enemies
(
being
blinded
with
malice
)
could
not
conceal
:
And
also
being
admonished
by
his
friends
to
take
heed
to
himself
,
there
being
many
that
sought
his
life
;
resolved
not
to
goe
to
this
Assembly
,
but
rather
to
convey
himselfe
else-whither
,
He
resolves
to
fly
.
where
he
might
be
safe
from
the
power
and
malice
of
his
adversaries
.
Hereupon
first
of
all
hee
conveyed
part
of
his
Library
to
Christopher
Brent
,
a
Godly
Senator
of
Luca
,
who
should
take
care
to
send
it
to
him
into
Germany
;
the
other
part
he
gave
to
the
Colledge
:
and
so
setting
all
things
in
order
in
the
Colledge
,
he
privily
departed
out
of
the
City
,
His
flight
.
onely
with
three
companions
,
Paul
Lacis
of
Verona
,
who
was
afterwards
Greek
Professor
at
Strasborough
,
Theodosius
Trebell
,
and
Julius
Terentian
,
with
whom
he
continued
faithfull
unto
the
death
.
Departing
from
Luca
,
purposing
to
visit
his
owne
country
,
he
went
to
Pisa
,
where
to
some
Noble
men
he
administred
the
Lords
Supper
;
His
Letters
to
Luca.
and
meeting
there
with
some
faithful
messengers
,
he
wrote
to
Cardinal
Pool
,
and
to
some
of
his
friends
at
Luca.
In
these
Letters
he
shewed
what
great
errors
and
abuses
were
in
the
Popish
Religion
,
and
in
the
Monasticall
life
,
with
whom
he
could
no
longer
communicate
with
a
safe
conscience
He
also
shewed
the
other
causes
of
his
departure
,
viz.
the
hatred
and
snares
laid
for
him
by
his
enmies
.
He
signified
also
what
pains
and
care
he
had
taken
for
their
instruction
,
and
what
a
grief
it
was
to
him
that
he
could
not
more
plainely
and
openly
instruct
them
in
the
Christian
faith
.
The
ring
also
,
which
was
the
ensigne
of
his
dignity
,
he
sent
back
,
shewing
that
he
would
not
imploy
any
of
the
Colledge
goods
to
his
private
use
.
Coming
to
Florence
,
he
met
there
with
a
godly
and
learned
man
[
Bernardin
Ochine
]
who
being
cited
to
Rome
,
was
going
thitherward
,
but
being
warned
of
the
danger
by
his
friends
,
he
consulted
with
Martyr
,
and
upon
deliberation
,
both
of
them
resolved
to
leave
Italy
,
His
retreat
into
Germany
.
and
to
go
into
Germany
.
And
accordingly
first
Ochine
departed
and
went
to
Geneva
,
and
from
thence
to
Ausburg
,
and
two
dayes
after
Peter
Martyr
followed
,
going
first
to
Bononia
,
then
to
Ferrara
,
then
to
Verona
,
where
being
courteously
entertained
by
his
old
friends
,
He
went
thence
over
the
Alps
into
Helvetia
.
In
this
journey
,
He
comes
to
Zurick
.
when
he
came
to
Zurick
,
he
was
very
kindly
entertained
by
Bullinger
,
Pellicane
,
and
Gualter
,
and
by
the
other
Ministers
belonging
to
that
City
,
to
whom
he
proffered
his
service
,
if
they
needed
it
;
but
having
at
this
time
no
place
void
in
the
Schools
,
they
told
him
that
they
much
desired
his
company
,
and
pains
,
but
for
the
present
they
had
no
imployment
for
him
,
yet
would
they
gratefully
remember
his
kind
profer
to
them
.
He
often
used
to
say
,
that
as
soon
as
he
came
to
Zurick
,
he
fell
in
love
with
that
City
,
desiring
of
God
that
it
might
be
a
refuge
to
him
in
this
his
banishment
:
which
prayer
was
afterwards
granted
,
though
in
the
interim
God
pleased
to
make
use
of
his
labours
in
other
places
and
Nations
for
his
own
glory
,
and
the
good
of
many
.
From
thence
he
went
to
Basil
,
He
goes
to
Basil
.
where
after
he
had
abode
about
a
month
,
he
,
with
Paul
Lacis
was
called
to
Strasborough
▪
by
the
means
of
Martin
Bucer
.
He
is
chosen
to
Strasborough
.
In
which
place
he
was
,
made
Professor
of
Divinity
,
and
Lacis
of
the
Greek
Tongue
.
There
he
continued
five
years
,
in
which
time
he
interpreted
most
of
the
Bible
;
and
what
his
excellency
in
teaching
was
may
be
hence
collected
,
in
that
being
joyned
with
Martin
Bucer
,
a
great
Divine
,
and
eminent
for
learning
,
yet
Martyr
was
not
accounted
inferiour
to
him
;
He
was
very
skilful
in
Hebrew
,
Greek
,
and
Lati●e
.
He
had
an
admirable
dexterity
in
interpreting
Scripture
;
was
a
very
acute
disputant
,
His
excellent
l●arning
.
and
used
always
to
express
himselfe
very
clearly
,
knowing
that
ambiguity
of
words
is
the
cause
of
much
contention
.
He
lived
in
most
intire
friendship
with
his
Collegue
Master
Bucer
.
At
Strasborough
being
unmarried
,
he
lived
with
his
friends
that
came
with
him
out
of
Italy
,
being
contented
with
a
very
small
stipend
,
which
yet
afterwards
was
augmented
:
For
having
forsaken
his
Country
,
his
honors
and
riches
for
the
testimony
of
Christ
,
he
thought
it
unfit
to
be
solicitous
,
or
to
trouble
any
about
the
increase
of
his
stipend
;
the
rather
because
he
was
of
a
frugall
disposition
,
so
that
his
stipend
did
not
onely
suffice
,
His
●r●gality
.
but
he
spared
something
out
of
that
little
towards
the
support
of
his
friends
.
But
finding
some
inconvenience
of
living
single
,
by
the
advice
of
his
friends
,
he
married
an
honest
and
noble
Virgin
,
Katherine
Damo-martin
,
who
afterwards
dyed
in
England
,
His
first
marriage
.
without
issue
,
having
lived
with
him
eight
years
.
His
wives
character
.
She
was
one
that
feared
God
,
was
loving
to
her
husband
,
prudent
in
administring
houshold
affairs
;
liberal
to
the
poo●
,
Card.
Pools
malice
.
and
in
the
whole
course
of
her
life
,
pious
,
modest
,
and
sober
.
After
her
death
by
the
command
of
Cardinal
Poole
,
Cardinal
Pool's
malice
her
body
was
digged
up
and
buried
in
a
dunghill
;
and
when
he
could
finde
no
other
cause
for
it
,
he
pretended
that
it
was
because
she
was
buried
too
near
to
St.
Frideswide
,
For
though
this
Cardinall
had
formerly
loved
Martyr
very
well
,
yet
when
he
once
forsooke
Italy
,
he
did
not
onely
give
over
loving
him
,
but
shaking
off
his
study
of
the
true
Religion
,
which
for
a
time
●e
had
seemed
to
like
,
hee
became
a
great
hater
of
Martyr
,
and
a
bitter
prosecutor
of
the
professors
of
the
Truth
,
which
occasioned
him
to
deale
so
with
Martyrs
Wife
,
seeing
that
he
could
not
burn
her
husband
as
he
desired
.
But
in
Queen
Elizabeths
daies
,
her
body
was
again
taken
up
,
and
with
great
solemnity
buried
in
the
chiefe
place
of
the
Church
;
and
to
prevent
the
Popish
malice
for
the
time
to
come
,
her
bones
were
mingled
with
the
bone●
of
St.
Frideswide
;
that
they
should
not
be
distinguished
asunder
.
The
occasion
of
Peter
Martyrs
going
into
England
was
this
▪
King
Henry
the
eighth
being
dead
,
He
is
sent
for
into
England
.
and
his
son
Edward
the
sixth
succeeding
;
by
the
advice
of
the
Protector
,
Edward
Duke
of
Somerset
,
and
Doctor
Cranmer
,
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
he
abolished
the
Popish
Religion
,
and
reformed
the
Church
according
to
the
Word
of
God
:
for
which
end
he
thought
best
(
that
a
godly
Ministry
might
proceed
from
the
same
)
to
reform
the
Universities
.
And
Peter
Martyr
being
at
this
time
famous
for
his
learning
,
and
skill
in
affairs
,
was
judged
most
fit
for
this
employment
;
whereupon
the
Archbishop
by
the
command
of
the
King
sent
for
him
over
;
and
An.
Christi
1547
,
by
the
consent
of
the
Senate
of
Strasborough
,
he
went
into
England
,
He
goes
into
England
.
Ber
▪
Ochine
accompanying
him
,
who
also
was
sent
for
by
the
said
Archbishop
.
At
their
arrival
the
Archbishop
entertained
them
for
a
time
in
his
house
,
using
them
with
all
curtesie
and
humanity
;
but
after
a
while
the
King
sent
Martyr
to
Oxford
,
He
is
sent
to
Oxford
.
to
be
Professor
of
Divinity
,
where
he
first
began
to
expound
the
first
Epistle
to
the
Corinthians
,
because
therein
were
many
heads
laid
down
which
concerned
the
controversies
of
those
times
.
The
Papists
,
(
whereof
as
yet
there
were
many
at
Oxford
)
at
first
patiently
bore
Martyrs
teaching
,
and
frequented
his
Lectures
,
and
indeed
seemed
to
admire
him
for
his
Learning
:
but
some
others
of
them
,
especially
the
Heads
of
Houses
,
laboured
to
restrain
the
Students
from
going
to
his
Lectures
;
but
yet
proceeded
no
further
.
But
when
he
came
to
declare
his
judgement
about
the
Sacrament
,
Popish
malice
.
they
could
bear
it
no
longer
;
and
therefore
that
they
might
not
only
procure
him
envy
,
but
bring
him
into
danger
,
they
first
beganne
to
load
him
with
their
usuall
accusations
amongst
the
vulgar
,
that
he
taught
contrary
to
the
Doctrine
of
their
Fore-fathers
;
that
he
would
extirpate
their
wholsome
,
and
decent
ceremonies
;
that
he
prophaned
the
Sacrament
of
the
Altar
,
and
did
(
as
it
were
)
trample
it
under
his
feet
.
Then
(
without
acquainting
him
with
it
)
they
affixed
papers
upon
all
their
Church
doors
in
English
,
declaring
that
tomorrow
there
should
be
a
publick
Disputation
against
the
reall
presence
of
Christ
in
the
Sacrament
.
By
this
means
the
day
after
they
filled
the
Schooles
,
They
combine
against
Martyr
.
they
disposed
their
party
in
every
place
,
commanding
them
to
make
a
noise
,
to
raise
tumults
,
and
if
need
were
,
to
fight
with
any
that
should
oppose
them
.
Many
ran
to
this
sight
,
not
onely
of
the
Scholars
,
but
of
the
Townsmen
,
some
to
see
the
event
of
this
business
,
others
to
assist
their
friends
,
in
case
they
should
fall
together
by
the
ears
.
Martyr
in
the
mean
time
being
wholly
ignorant
of
all
this
,
was
in
his
house
preparing
himself
after
his
usual
manner
to
read
his
Lecture
,
till
some
of
his
friends
(
observing
the
unusuall
concourse
of
people
)
went
to
him
,
His
friends
〈◊〉
●wade
him
from
going
to
the
Schooles
.
opened
the
whole
businesse
to
him
,
entreating
him
to
keep
home
,
and
not
to
expose
himself
to
perill
,
seeing
that
his
adversaries
were
so
prepared
,
that
they
seemed
rather
with
armes
,
then
with
arguments
to
oppose
him
.
He
answered
,
that
he
could
not
neglect
his
Office
,
that
he
was
never
the
author
of
any
tumults
,
whereof
themselves
were
witnesses
;
neither
would
he
now
give
his
adversaries
any
occasion
of
raising
a
tumult
,
for
that
he
would
onely
read
according
to
his
usuall
custome
:
For
(
saith
he
)
there
are
many
amongst
them
that
expect
the
Lecture
,
to
whom
I
may
not
be
wanting
.
His
answer
.
And
so
going
towards
the
Schooles
,
accompanied
with
his
most
faithfull
friends
,
there
met
him
Doctor
Smiths
boy
,
which
Smith
was
one
of
the
principall
sticklers
in
this
Tragedy
.
Sm
it●s
challenge
.
This
boy
gave
him
a
Letter
from
his
Master
,
wherein
he
challenged
him
to
a
Disputation
.
Then
did
Martyrs
friends
againe
earnestly
sollicite
him
to
returne
home
,
telling
him
of
the
danger
he
was
running
into
.
Martyr
goes
on
But
he
was
still
resolute
,
and
so
going
to
the
Schooles
,
when
his
adversaries
provoked
him
,
he
endeavoured
by
a
modest
speech
to
quiet
them
,
saying
,
that
he
refused
not
to
dispute
,
onely
disliked
the
time
,
for
that
he
came
to
read
his
Lecture
;
His
learning
,
and
courage
admired
.
and
so
having
somewhat
quieted
them
,
he
went
on
with
his
Lecture
to
the
great
admiration
of
all
.
For
they
which
before
admired
him
for
his
singular
learning
and
eloquence
,
now
much
more
admired
him
for
his
admirable
constancy
.
For
that
,
notwithstanding
the
murmures
of
the
people
,
and
the
rage
of
his
adversaries
,
he
went
on
without
the
least
change
of
his
colour
,
or
hesitation
in
his
voice
,
or
titubation
of
his
tongue
,
or
trembling
of
his
members
,
or
any
thing
else
that
might
imply
the
least
fear
.
Having
ended
his
Lecture
,
He
is
again
challenged
.
his
adversaries
beganne
againe
with
great
clamour
to
provoke
him
to
a
disputation
,
nor
would
they
accept
of
his
modest
excuse
,
when
hee
told
them
that
he
would
dispute
,
His
answer
.
but
at
another
time
,
that
hee
was
not
now
prepared
for
it
,
they
having
concealed
their
questions
from
him
,
without
setting
them
up
in
publick
as
they
used
to
doe
.
To
this
they
replyed
,
that
hee
which
had
read
his
Lectures
about
the
Lords
Supper
,
could
not
be
unprovided
to
dispute
upon
the
same
subject
.
To
which
he
again
answered
,
that
hee
durst
not
undertake
such
a
worke
without
acquainting
the
King
with
it
,
especially
seeing
the
thing
tended
to
sedition
.
He
told
them
also
,
that
to
a
lawfull
disputation
was
required
,
that
the
questions
should
bee
agreed
on
;
that
Moderators
should
be
appointed
,
by
whose
judgement
all
things
should
be
determined
;
and
lastly
,
that
they
should
have
Notaries
to
write
the
arguments
on
both
sides
:
Whereas
(
saith
he
)
none
of
these
things
bee
ready
,
and
besides
the
night
draws
on
,
that
we
shall
want
time
to
discusse
so
great
a
controversie
.
His
adversaries
would
not
bee
satisfied
with
these
his
most
just
reasons
,
A
tumult
raised
.
but
all
were
like
to
fall
together
by
the
eares
:
Whereupon
the
Vice-chancellor
interposed
his
authority
,
Qu●●ted
by
the
Vice-Chancellor
.
requiring
Peter
Martyr
,
and
Smith
,
to
meet
at
his
house
with
their
friends
on
both
sides
,
where
they
should
agree
upon
the
questions
,
and
the
time
,
and
order
of
disputing
;
and
in
the
meane
time
he
commanded
the
Beadles
to
dissolve
the
assembly
;
and
so
taking
Peter
Martyr
by
the
hand
,
he
led
him
forth
,
and
safely
conducted
him
to
his
own
house
.
Martyr
being
delivered
from
this
danger
,
yet
least
he
should
seem
to
decline
the
disputation
,
being
accompanied
with
some
of
his
friends
,
at
the
hour
appointed
went
to
the
Vice-chancellors
house
with
Doctor
Sidall
,
and
Curtop
,
who
at
that
time
were
zealous
defenders
of
the
Truth
,
though
afterwards
in
Queen
Maries
daies
they
deserted
it
.
Smith
did
the
like
,
bringing
with
him
Doctor
Cole
,
and
Oglethorp
,
and
three
other
Doctors
of
Divinity
.
Long
they
contended
about
the
Laws
of
the
Disputation
;
but
at
length
the
questions
were
agreed
upon
,
and
time
,
A
Disputation
agreed
on
.
and
place
appointed
for
the
Disputation
,
and
so
they
parted
;
and
in
the
meane
time
by
their
mutuall
consents
,
the
King
was
made
acquainted
with
it
,
who
against
the
day
,
The
King
sends
his
Delegates
.
sent
downe
his
Delegates
to
order
the
Disputation
aright
.
But
Smith
being
conscious
to
the
raising
the
former
tumult
,
Smith
flies
.
before
the
day
came
,
fled
first
into
Scotland
,
and
from
thence
to
Lovane
in
Brabant
.
Yet
at
the
day
appointed
the
Kings
Delegates
came
,
the
Bishop
of
Lincoln
,
Doctor
Cox
,
Doctor
Hide
,
Mr.
Richard
Morrison
,
and
Doctor
Nenyson
.
The
disputation
.
In
the
presence
of
these
,
Peter
Martyr
disputed
four
daies
with
three
of
the
Popish
Doctors
,
Tresham
,
Chad
,
and
Morgan
,
wherein
he
shewed
excellent
learning
;
and
because
the
adversaries
scattered
abroad
many
false
reports
,
Martyr
afterwards
printed
the
whole
Disputation
.
Not
long
after
the
Commons
in
Devonshire
and
Oxfordshire
rose
up
in
armes
,
A
Rebellion
.
amongst
whom
many
threatned
the
death
of
Martyr
,
so
that
he
could
neither
read
his
Lectures
,
nor
safely
remain
in
the
City
,
whereupon
by
his
friends
hee
was
safely
conveied
to
London
,
Martyr
goes
to
London
.
which
the
King
much
rejoyced
at
;
and
when
his
wife
and
family
could
not
with
safety
remain
at
his
house
,
his
friends
hid
them
,
till
as
the
seditious
multitude
were
departed
out
of
the
City
.
For
the
Kings
raising
two
Armies
,
The
Rebellion
suppressed
.
quickly
suppressed
them
,
punishing
with
death
the
Ring-leaders
of
those
Rebellions
,
and
Martyr
thereupon
returned
to
Oxford
to
his
wonted
labours
.
But
his
restlesse
Popish
adversaries
,
Martyr
made
Dean
of
Christs-Church
.
who
had
been
formerly
beaten
by
arguments
,
and
durst
not
again
returne
to
armes
,
yet
to
shew
their
spi●e
,
often
raised
tumults
before
his
house
in
the
night
,
throwing
stones
at
his
door
,
and
breaking
his
windows
:
Wherefore
the
King
being
carefull
to
provide
for
his
safety
,
made
him
Deane
of
Christs-Church
,
alotting
to
him
a
fine
house
,
and
pleasant
garden
;
and
so
,
though
he
had
formerly
taken
the
Degree
of
a
Doct.
amongst
the
Pontificians
,
He
is
much
esteemed
.
yet
he
took
it
again
according
to
the
rights
of
that
University
.
He
was
much
prized
by
the
godly
King
,
highly
esteemed
by
Cranmer
,
Ridley
,
Latimer
,
Hooper
,
and
all
that
loved
the
truth
in
the
University
.
Cranmer
made
much
use
of
him
,
and
his
advice
about
reforming
the
Church
,
and
setling
the
government
of
it
:
But
when
those
bloody
Marian
dayes
came
,
wherein
Religion
was
eradicated
,
In
Queen
Maries
dayes
Martyr
is
in
danger
.
the
Church
laid
waste
,
and
holy
men
shut
up
in
prisons
,
Martyr
also
was
forbidden
the
exercise
of
his
place
;
and
commanded
not
to
set
a
foot
out
of
his
own
doors
,
nor
to
carry
any
thing
thence
:
Whereupon
he
presently
wrote
to
his
friends
,
shewing
what
danger
he
was
in
,
pleading
the
publick
faith
given
to
him
when
he
was
sent
for
by
King
Edward
the
sixth
,
and
by
this
means
,
He
goes
to
London
.
leave
being
given
him
,
he
came
from
Oxford
to
London
,
repairing
immediately
to
Arch-Bishop
Cranmer
,
his
intire
,
and
old
friend
:
About
which
time
a
report
was
spread
that
Cramner
wavered
,
and
was
ready
to
change
his
Religion
:
which
he
hearing
of
,
set
forth
a
writing
,
wherein
he
professed
himselfe
ready
to
maintain
the
Doctrine
of
Religion
which
was
authorized
by
King
Edward
,
to
be
agreable
to
the
word
of
God
,
and
the
Doctrine
of
the
Apostles
:
And
herein
he
was
incouraged
by
Peter
Martyr
,
whom
the
Arch-Bishop
chose
to
joyne
with
him
in
defending
the
same
against
all
opposers
;
but
this
was
denyed
,
and
the
Arch-Bish
.
presently
sent
to
the
Tower
.
It
was
also
debated
in
the
Queen's
Councel
,
He
goes
beyond
Sea
.
whether
Peter
Martyr
should
be
imprisoned
.
because
(
as
some
said
)
hee
had
done
much
hurt
to
their
Religion
:
But
after
debate
,
it
was
concluded
,
That
because
he
came
into
England
upon
the
publick
faith
,
he
should
be
safely
dismissed
.
Whereupon
sending
him
publick
Letters
,
signed
with
the
Queens
own
hand
,
He
,
an
Bernardine
Ochine
went
first
to
Antwerp
,
from
thence
to
Cologne
,
He
goes
beyond
Sea
.
and
lastly
to
Strasborough
from
whence
he
came
.
Yet
when
he
first
took
ship
,
his
adversaries
(
vexing
at
his
escape
)
urged
,
that
it
was
fit
he
should
bee
drawn
out
of
the
ship
,
and
cast
into
prison
,
as
a
publick
enemy
to
the
Pope
:
yet
it
pleased
God
,
Gods
mercy
to
him
.
that
the
Master
of
the
ship
(
being
a
godly
man
)
hid
him
at
his
house
fourteen
daies
,
till
his
adversaries
had
given
over
seeking
for
him
,
and
then
conveied
him
safely
to
Antwerp
;
from
whence
as
we
heard
before
,
he
went
to
Strasborough
,
where
he
was
entertained
with
much
joy
by
his
old
friends
,
His
return
to
Strasborough
.
and
restored
to
his
former
place
.
Yet
there
the
Divel
also
raised
him
up
some
enemies
,
who
suggested
to
the
Senate
that
he
differed
in
judgement
from
the
Augustane-Confession
about
Christ's
presence
in
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords-Supper
,
which
might
cause
much
trouble
in
the
Church
,
Satans
malice
.
and
that
he
refused
to
subscribe
the
Articles
of
agreement
between
Luther
and
Bucer
about
this
matter
:
Whereupon
he
wrote
to
the
Senate
,
That
there
was
nothing
in
the
Augustane-Confession
rightly
understood
which
he
did
not
concur
with
,
His
Prudence
.
and
that
if
his
Text
at
any
time
should
lead
him
to
speak
of
that
subject
,
he
would
doe
it
with
such
modesty
that
it
should
be
offensive
to
none
,
and
that
his
not
subscribing
to
the
Agreement
between
Luther
,
and
Bucer
(
wherein
amongst
other
things
they
had
set
downe
,
That
they
which
wanted
true
Faith
,
did
yet
nevertheless
eat
the
bodie
of
Christ
)
ought
not
to
be
objected
to
him
,
for
that
he
could
not
assent
thereto
,
but
he
must
give
offence
to
the
Helvetian
,
English
,
and
French
Churches
,
and
to
them
at
Geneva
also
:
yea
,
and
that
Bucer
himself
in
England
had
taught
far
otherwise
.
With
this
answer
the
Senate
was
well
satisfied
;
And
hee
,
and
Zanchie
taught
diligently
both
Divinity
,
He
is
again
persecuted
.
and
Philosophie
in
that
City
,
yet
his
restless
adversaries
did
nothing
but
assperse
him
,
and
seek
his
disgrace
;
first
,
more
privily
,
and
then
more
openly
,
which
made
him
to
think
upon
a
remove
;
and
God
in
his
wise
providence
so
ordered
it
,
that
about
that
time
Pellican
dying
at
Zurick
,
Gods
mercy
to
him
.
the
Senate
there
chose
Martyr
in
his
room
,
and
presently
sent
to
him
to
come
to
them
,
and
to
the
Senate
at
Strasborough
to
give
way
to
it
:
Which
they
did
,
though
very
unwillingly
,
Martyr
himselfe
being
desirous
to
imbrace
that
call
,
in
regard
of
the
opposition
which
he
met
with
at
Strasborough
,
so
that
Anno
Christi
,
1556.
(
to
the
great
grief
of
his
friends
,
His
call
to
Zurick
.
who
loved
him
very
dearly
)
he
departed
to
Zurick
J●●n
Jewel
(
afterwards
Bishop
of
Sarum
)
accompanying
him
.
There
he
was
entertained
with
much
joy
,
both
by
the
Senate
,
Schools
,
Ministers
,
and
all
good
men
:
And
he
at
first
resided
for
a
while
with
his
old
friend
Bullinger
,
with
whom
he
lived
with
much
intire
friendship
,
His
friendship
with
Bullinger
.
His
high
esteem
.
which
continued
to
their
death
.
Also
by
his
sweet
and
holy
carriage
,
he
won
the
love
of
〈◊〉
In
somuch
that
the
Senate
,
to
shew
how
highly
they
esteemed
him
,
made
him
free
of
their
Common-wealth
,
that
he
might
not
live
as
a
stranger
,
but
as
a
Citizen
amongst
them
.
He
had
buried
his
wife
in
England
,
at
Oxford
,
(
whose
body
the
bloody
Bishops
afterwards
caus●d
obe●●igged
up
under
Queen
Mary
,
Popish
cruelty
.
and
to
be
buried
in
a
dunghill
)
whereupon
,
at
the
desire
of
his
friends
,
and
to
obtaine
issue
,
six
years
after
the
death
of
his
former
,
he
married
againe
one
Catherine
Merenda
,
who
for
Religion
had
left
her
own
country
,
and
lived
at
Geneva
,
His
second
marriage
.
and
had
a
good
testimony
of
the
whole
Church
there
.
As
he
was
highly
prized
by
them
of
Zurick
,
so
he
loved
them
exceedingly
,
as
may
appear
by
two
notable
examples
.
Celsus
the
Pastor
of
the
Italian
Church
at
Geveva
being
dead
,
many
of
that
Congregation
having
been
Martyrs
old
disciples
,
His
love
to
Zurick
.
and
very
dear
to
him
,
A
faithfull
Pastor
.
chose
him
to
be
their
Pastor
,
and
sent
to
request
his
coming
to
them
,
many
also
of
his
old
English
friends
that
lived
as
exiles
there
,
much
pressed
it
:
Yea
,
and
Calvin
also
wrote
to
him
,
desiring
him
to
imbrace
the
Call
.
Martyr
being
thus
importunately
pressed
to
remove
thither
,
and
having
many
engagements
to
incline
him
that
way
,
yet
referred
the
whole
matter
to
be
determined
by
the
Senate
and
Ministers
at
Zurick
,
and
they
,
understanding
that
there
were
other
able
,
and
fit
men
to
be
placed
over
the
Italian
Congregation
,
denying
their
consents
to
part
with
him
,
he
resolved
to
stay
,
notwithstanding
all
solicitations
to
the
contrary
:
And
afterwards
,
when
in
Queen
Elizabeths
dayes
,
He
refuseth
to
goe
into
England
.
he
was
much
importuned
to
return
into
England
,
and
had
large
proffers
made
him
from
the
Queen
,
yet
he
would
not
leave
his
flock
till
his
death
.
And
how
ready
he
was
to
be
serviceable
to
other
Churches
,
may
appear
by
this
example
:
The
year
before
his
death
the
King
of
France
had
appointed
a
meeting
of
the
Bishops
,
His
readiness
to
do
good
.
and
Nobility
at
Possy
,
whereupon
they
of
the
reformed
Religion
in
France
,
thought
that
it
was
a
very
seasonable
time
to
procure
a
conference
about
Religion
,
He
goes
into
France
.
which
might
much
tend
to
the
peace
and
liberty
of
the
Church
:
Upon
this
the
Churches
chose
certaine
Delegates
,
which
in
that
Parliament
should
move
for
the
liberty
of
Religion
:
And
they
chose
also
many
learned
men
who
should
dispute
with
their
adversaries
about
the
same
;
and
because
the
singular
learning
,
and
incomparable
dexterity
of
Peter
Martyr
in
disputing
was
sufficiently
knowne
,
they
in
the
first
place
made
choice
of
him
for
one
,
and
sent
one
Claudius
Bradella
,
with
Theodore
Beza
to
Zurick
to
try
his
willingness
to
accept
of
that
imployment
:
and
when
he
had
declared
his
readiness
,
shortly
after
came
Letters
from
the
King
,
the
Queen
Mother
,
the
King
of
Navar
,
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
and
the
Admirall
Coligni
to
the
Senate
of
Zurick
,
to
desire
them
to
send
Martyr
,
withall
sending
him
a
safe
conduct
;
whereupon
he
undertook
the
journey
,
and
when
he
came
to
Possy
,
he
made
an
Oration
to
the
Queen
,
exhorting
her
to
seek
not
onely
the
quiet
of
France
,
but
of
other
Churches
,
His
speech
to
the
Q.
Mother
.
by
promoting
true
Religion
,
shewing
also
what
a
blessing
she
might
expect
from
God
thereby
▪
The
Queen
entertained
him
kindly
,
and
so
did
the
King
of
Navar
,
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
and
the
Admirall
of
France
:
But
the
Cardinall
of
Lorrain
sought
to
hinder
the
disputation
all
that
possibly
he
could
;
Popish
subtilty
yet
when
he
could
not
prevail
,
five
of
each
party
were
chosen
out
to
dispute
the
business
about
the
Lords
Supper
in
private
,
having
onely
two
Notaries
present
,
and
after
severall
days
disputation
,
A
Disputation
.
something
was
drawn
up
as
the
result
of
all
,
which
(
with
some
explanations
)
Beza
,
Marlorat
,
Martyr
,
Spina
and
the
Lord
of
Sole
subscribed
unto
;
But
when
the
same
was
presented
to
the
Cardinal
,
and
Popish
Bishops
,
they
complained
of
their
Disputants
as
having
consented
to
that
which
was
Heresie
;
It
breaks
off
.
and
so
by
their
authority
they
brake
off
the
Disputation
,
and
departed
:
Whereupon
Martyr
addressed
himself
to
the
Queen
,
seeing
that
he
was
like
to
do
no
good
there
,
desiring
license
to
depart
,
which
she
consented
to
,
His
returne
to
Zurick
.
and
he
returned
to
Zurick
with
a
large
testimony
of
his
worthy
carriage
,
and
a
guard
from
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
and
the
Admiral
for
his
safety
.
Thus
having
worn
out
himself
with
his
indefatigable
labours
,
and
having
his
spirits
much
exhausted
with
grief
for
the
afflicted
condition
of
the
Churches
of
France
,
His
sicknesse
.
he
fell
sick
of
a
Feaver
,
made
his
Will
,
and
to
his
Friends
that
visited
him
,
he
spake
chearfully
and
comfortably
,
telling
them
that
his
body
was
weak
,
Comfort
at
death
.
but
inwardly
he
enjoyed
much
peace
and
comfort
.
He
made
before
them
an
excellent
Confession
of
his
Faith
,
concluding
thus
,
This
is
my
faith
,
and
they
that
teach
otherwise
to
the
withdrawing
men
from
God
,
God
will
destroy
them
.
He
gave
them
his
hand
,
and
bid
them
farewel
,
His
death
.
and
commending
his
soul
to
God
,
he
slept
in
the
Lord
,
and
was
buried
honourably
Anno
Christi
1562
,
and
of
his
age
62.
Opera
haec
ab
ipso
edita
sunt
.
Symboli
expositio
.
His
Works
.
Comment.
in
Cor.
1.
Comment.
in
lib.
Judicum
,
&
Epist.
ad
Rom.
Defensio
Doctrinae
de
Eucharistiae
Sacramento
contra
S.
Gardiner
.
Disputatio
de
Eucharistiae
Sacramento
habita
Oxon.
Defensio
ad
duos
libellos
Rich.
Smithaei
.
Post
obitum
hi
libri
editi
sunt
.
Comment.
in
Sam.
1.
&
2.
Reg.
1.
&
in
11
capita
priora
Reg.
2.
Comment.
in
1
librum
Mosis
Precum
ex
Psalmis
libellus
,
Epitome
defensionis
adversus
S.
Gardinerum
.
Confessio
de
coena
Domini
ad
Senat.
Argento
.
Sententia
de
praesentia
corporis
Christi
in
Eucharistia
,
proposita
in
Collo●
.
Possiaco
.
Epistola
de
causa
Eucharistiae
.
Loci
communes
.
Conciones
,
Quaestiones
,
&
Responsa
,
Epistolae
.
Comment.
in
Exod.
In
Prophetas
aliquot
minores
.
In
tres
priores
libros
Ethicorum
Aristotelis
.
Beza
made
this
Epigram
of
him
.
Tuscia
te
pepulit
,
Germania
,
&
Anglia
fovit
,
Martyr
:
quem
extinctum
nunc
tegit
Helvetia
.
Dicere
quae
si
vera
volent
,
re
,
&
nomine
dicent
,
Hic
fidus
Christi
(
credite
)
Martyr
erat
.
Utque
istae
taceaut
,
satis
hoc
tua
scripta
loquuntur
:
Plus
satis
hoc
Italis
expr●brat
exilium
.
The
Life
of
Amsdorfius
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1563.
NIcolas
Amsdorfius
was
born
in
Misnia
,
of
noble
parents
,
Anno
Christi
1●83
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
brought
up
in
Learning
.
Anno
Christi
1502
from
Schoole
he
went
to
the
University
of
Wittenberg
about
that
time
that
Luther
began
to
preach
against
Indulgences
:
And
contrary
to
the
custome
of
the
Nobility
of
those
times
,
he
applied
his
minde
to
the
study
of
Theology
,
and
contemplation
of
heavenly
things
.
In
An.
Christi
1504
he
commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
and
afterwards
Licentiate
in
Divinitie
.
He
timely
embraced
the
Truth
that
brake
forth
in
those
times
,
His
conversion
and
not
consulting
with
flesh●and
blood
,
preached
it
to
others
.
He
accompanied
Luther
to
Wormes
,
Anno
Christi
1521
,
when
he
was
called
to
give
an
account
of
his
Faith
before
Caesar
,
and
the
States
of
the
Empire
.
In
the
time
of
Luther's
recesse
into
his
Pathmos
;
he
,
with
Melancthon
,
Justus
Jonas
,
and
John
Dulcius
,
He
opposeth
the
Mass.
being
sent
to
by
the
Elector
of
Saxony
for
their
judgements
about
the
Mass
,
declared
that
it
was
an
horrible
prophanation
of
the
Lords
Supper
;
whence
ensued
the
abolishing
of
it
out
of
all
Churches
in
Wittenberg
.
Anno
Christi
1523
,
he
wrote
in
a
book
dedicacated
to
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
that
the
Pope
was
Antichrist
.
Anno
Christi
1524
Luther
being
sent
for
to
Magdeburg
,
went
thither
,
and
having
preached
to
them
,
He
goes
to
Madgeburg
.
commended
to
them
,
and
afterwards
sent
Amsdorfius
to
gather
and
instruct
the
Churches
there
,
who
faithfully
laboured
eighteen
years
in
that
place
.
During
his
abode
there
,
And
to
Goslaria
.
the
Senate
of
Goslaria
sent
for
him
to
reform
their
Churches
,
and
he
at
his
coming
setled
the
same
form
of
Doctrine
and
Discipline
amongst
them
as
was
used
at
Wittenberg
,
and
Magdeburg
.
He
also
made
John
Amandus
Superintendent
of
those
Churches
,
and
Michael
Volmetius
Master
of
their
School
.
Anno
Christi
1541
he
was
sent
by
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
to
govern
the
Church
at
Naumberg
in
the
Palatinate
;
where
also
the
year
after
he
was
ordained
Bishop
by
Luther
,
And
to
Naumberg
.
three
other
Pastors
also
imposing
their
hands
upon
him
,
who
were
,
Nicholas
Medler
,
Pastor
of
Naoburg
,
George
Spalatine
,
Pastor
of
Aldenburg
,
and
●olphgang
Steinius
,
Pastor
of
Leucopetra
.
But
six
years
after
he
was
driven
away
from
thence
by
the
Emperour
Charles
the
sift
,
whence
he
fled
to
Magdeburg
,
which
at
that
time
was
the
common
place
of
refuge
for
the
godly
,
who
fled
from
the
indignation
of
Caesar.
Anno
Christi
1548
,
Amsdorf
,
He
opposeth
the
Adi●pho●ists
.
amongst
others
,
opposed
himself
in
that
sad
controversie
about
things
indifferent
,
which
continued
for
whole
tenne
yeares
;
and
when
Anno
Christi
1550
Madgeburg
was
besieged
,
Amsdorf
yet
remained
there
;
and
the
year
after
George
Major
having
published
this
proposition
;
That
good
works
were
necessary
to
salvation
;
Amsdorfius
in
heat
of
contention
wrote
,
That
good
works
were
hurtfull
and
dangerous
to
salvation
.
In
the
midst
of
these
digladiations
amongst
Divines
,
Amsdorf
came
to
his
old
age
,
His
death
.
having
now
attained
to
eighty
years
,
at
which
time
he
quietly
slept
in
the
Lord
,
Anno
Christi
1563.
Scripsit
de
sacra
coena
.
His
Works
.
Epitomen
Chronicorum
Naucleri
de
Paparum
perfidia
in
Romanos
Imperatores
.
Novi
anni
votum
,
principibus
viris
oblatum
.
Subscriptionem
censurae
,
&
sententiae
Saxo.
Ecclesiarum
,
adversus
G.
Majoris
doctrinam
.
Item
contra
Tilemannum
Heshufium
.
W.
MVSCVLVS
The
Life
of
Musculus
,
who
dyed
A
no
Christi
1563.
WOlfgangus
Musculus
was
born
at
Dusa
in
Lorrain
,
His
birth
and
education
.
An.
Christi
1497
,
of
honest
parents
,
who
seeing
his
aptness
to
Learning
,
bred
him
at
School
.
When
he
was
young
he
fell
sick
of
the
Plague
,
but
it
pleased
God
to
restore
him
.
He
had
an
exceeding
prompt
wit
,
and
had
such
an
ardent
desire
to
his
book
,
that
he
was
never
a
weary
of
reading
,
A
special
providence
.
and
writing
,
so
that
he
rather
needed
a
bridle
,
than
spurs
,
never
departing
from
School
,
and
his
book
,
till
he
was
forced
.
When
he
was
grown
up
to
some
bignes
,
his
parents
sent
him
abroad
into
other
countries
with
slender
provision
,
He
is
sent
abroad
.
that
by
singing
at
doors
(
as
the
manner
of
those
times
was
)
he
might
get
his
living
,
and
thereby
learn
patience
,
temperance
,
and
humility
,
and
might
follow
his
book
the
better
.
Being
thus
sent
from
his
parents
,
he
came
to
Rapersvil
in
Alsatia
,
where
a
certain
Widdow
entertained
him
,
and
in
which
place
hee
went
to
School
,
but
met
with
much
hunger
,
and
want
,
till
as
by
his
honest
and
modest
deportment
,
he
became
known
to
the
noble
Earl
of
Rapersvil
,
from
whom
he
received
many
favours
.
From
thence
after
a
while
he
went
to
Slestade
,
and
gat
into
the
School
;
and
being
naturally
much
addicted
to
Poetry
,
he
spent
his
time
in
reading
such
Authors
:
And
thus
he
continued
till
he
was
fifteen
years
old
,
about
which
time
he
returned
to
visit
his
parents
,
and
going
into
the
Monastery
of
Lexheim
by
the
way
at
the
time
of
their
Even-song
,
hee
joyned
with
them
in
singing
,
Gods
providence
.
and
the
Prior
taking
notice
of
him
,
and
liking
his
ingenious
countenance
and
voice
,
followed
him
out
of
the
Church
when
all
was
ended
,
and
enquir'd
of
him
what
he
was
?
and
whether
he
liked
to
live
in
a
Monastery
?
and
withall
proffered
(
if
he
would
accept
of
it
)
to
admit
him
into
that
Monastery
,
to
cloath
him
,
and
provide
other
necessaries
for
him
at
his
own
cost
.
He
being
very
glad
of
this
proffer
,
went
to
his
parents
,
acquainted
them
with
it
,
and
they
(
looking
upon
it
as
a
great
mercy
)
went
presently
with
him
to
the
Monastery
,
where
the
Prior
,
according
to
his
promise
,
entertained
him
as
his
own
sonne
,
and
afterwards
sent
him
to
the
Bishop
for
Orders
.
There
he
lived
till
he
was
thirty
yeares
old
,
and
when
others
were
drinking
,
and
playing
,
he
,
with
a
book
in
his
hand
,
would
walk
into
a
grove
to
study
:
His
studious●es
For
though
in
his
youth
he
was
of
a
chearfull
,
and
merry
disposition
,
and
much
▪
delighted
in
liberall
exercises
both
of
body
and
mind
,
yet
he
disliked
the
illiberall
contests
of
his
fellows
,
who
spent
their
time
in
dice
,
and
drinking
,
and
such
like
practises
.
But
in
the
mean
time
he
had
a
great
want
of
books
,
that
Monastery
having
no
Library
belonging
to
it
;
yet
at
last
he
found
a
great
heap
of
parchments
,
at
the
roof
of
the
house
,
amongst
which
he
met
with
some
of
Tullies
works
,
and
all
Ovids
:
These
therefore
he
read
over
,
especially
Ovid
,
being
so
much
addicted
to
Poetry
,
that
many
times
he
made
verses
in
his
sleep
;
and
could
make
a
verse
upon
every
thing
he
met
with
,
and
grew
so
perfect
therein
,
He
affects
Poetry
&
Musick
.
that
with
Ovid
he
could
say
;
Sponte
sua
carmen
numeros
veniebat
in
aptos
:
Quicquid
conabar
dicere
,
versus
erat
.
And
together
with
his
Poetry
,
hee
applyed
himself
to
Musick
,
which
the
Prior
taking
notice
of
,
caused
him
to
be
taught
to
play
on
the
Organs
.
He
studies
Divinity
.
At
twenty
years
of
age
hee
studied
Divinity
,
and
excelling
all
the
other
Monks
in
learning
,
and
eloquence
,
was
presently
chosen
a
publick
Preacher
;
and
being
often
told
by
an
old
man
in
that
house
,
Si
vis
fieri
bonus
Concionator
,
da
operam
ut
sis
bonus
Biblicus
:
If
you
will
be
a
good
Preacher
,
He
studies
the
Scriptures
.
study
to
be
well
acquainted
with
the
Scripture
:
hee
betook
himself
night
and
day
to
reading
,
and
meditation
upon
the
Bible
.
He
first
preached
in
the
Church
of
Lixh●im
,
and
in
three
other
Churches
belonging
to
that
Monastery
;
but
his
zeal
and
eloquence
making
him
famous
,
he
was
requested
to
preach
in
divers
other
places
.
About
the
year
1518
Luthers
books
began
to
come
abroad
into
the
world
,
and
Musculus
having
some
of
them
sent
him
,
His
conversion
read
them
with
much
seriousness
,
and
delight
;
and
God
thereby
revealing
the
Truth
to
him
,
he
became
a
zealous
maintainer
of
it
,
not
onely
in
the
Monastery
by
conference
,
and
disputation
,
but
in
his
publick
Sermons
also
,
so
that
he
was
commonly
called
the
Lutherane
Monk
;
and
whereas
Luth●r
was
charged
by
some
with
Heresie
,
he
stoutly
defended
him
,
saying
:
It
may
be
Luther
may
erre
in
some
things
,
which
is
common
to
the
nature
of
man
,
yet
he
is
not
therefore
to
be
accounted
an
Heretick
:
according
to
th●
saying
of
Saint
Augustine
,
Errare
possum
,
haereticus
esse
nolo
,
I
may
erre
,
but
I
will
not
be
an
Heretick
.
And
his
labours
proved
not
fruitlesse
:
for
(
through
Gods
blessing
upon
them
)
he
converted
many
of
that
fraternity
,
He
conver●●
ma●y
.
who
afterwards
left
their
Abbey
,
and
became
zealous
professors
of
the
Truth
unto
death
.
And
divers
others
also
abroad
were
converted
by
him
,
and
amongst
them
a
certaine
Nobleman
,
called
Reinhard
of
Rotenburg
,
who
was
Captaine
of
the
Castle
at
Lutzelsteine
,
and
Protector
of
that
Colledge
,
a
man
of
much
account
with
the
Palatine
;
Gods
providence
.
by
whom
he
was
protected
from
many
dangers
and
snares
that
were
laid
for
him
,
especially
by
the
Bishop
,
and
some
old
Monks
that
were
more
obdurate
in
wickednesse
,
and
therefore
more
opposite
to
the
Truth
.
He
was
often
in
great
perill
of
his
life
,
and
yet
by
special
providences
preserved
:
Popish
malice
.
So
that
perceiving
that
in
that
place
he
could
neither
enjoy
safety
nor
freedome
in
the
service
of
God
,
as
he
desired
,
he
resolved
to
leave
the
Monastery
,
and
to
goe
elswhere
:
which
resolutions
he
communicated
to
some
of
his
friends
.
But
in
the
mean
time
the
Prior
died
,
and
he
,
by
common
consent
of
all
,
was
chosen
to
succeed
him
.
Musculus
looked
upon
this
as
a
designe
of
the
Devill
by
these
baits
of
honour
,
pleasure
,
and
profit
,
Tenta●ion
resisted
.
to
withdraw
him
from
his
zealous
purposes
of
propagating
the
Truth
,
and
to
tie
him
to
that
kind
of
life
that
he
was
resolved
against
:
And
thereupon
he
refused
the
choice
,
and
put
it
upon
another
.
He
also
married
a
wife
,
called
Margaret
Bart
,
His
Marriage
.
an
honest
,
and
vertuous
Virgin
.
At
his
departure
,
the
new
Prior
gave
him
a
supper
,
after
which
he
bade
him
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Friers
farewell
,
who
were
now
but
six
,
three
also
of
which
shortly
after
followed
him
.
At
this
time
he
had
but
four
Florences
,
to
which
the
Prior
added
four
more
,
and
so
about
midnight
(
that
he
might
the
more
safely
escape
his
enemies
)
he
departed
,
being
accompanied
with
a
Kinsman
called
Nicholas
Wagner
,
directing
his
course
to
Strasborough
,
whether
also
he
came
Anno
Christi
1527
,
and
of
his
age
thirty
,
and
was
entertained
by
the
Minister
,
Theobald
Niger
,
who
also
made
him
a
Wedding-feast
.
But
his
money
waxing
short
,
and
seeing
little
hopes
to
be
called
to
the
work
of
the
Ministery
,
he
placed
his
wife
forth
as
a
servant
to
Mr.
Theobald
Niger
,
and
agreed
with
a
Weaver
to
teach
him
his
trade
:
His
poverty
.
comforting
himself
in
the
mean
time
with
this
Distich
,
Est
Deus
in
coelo
,
qui
providus
omnia
oura●
;
Credentes
nusquam
deseruisse
potest
.
A
God
there
is
,
whose
providence
doth
take
,
Care
for
his
Saints
,
whom
he
will
not
forsake
.
But
it
fell
out
that
this
Weaver
was
an
Anabaptist
,
and
kept
one
of
their
Teachers
in
his
house
,
Anabaptists
life
.
who
according
to
their
usual
custome
,
laboured
not
at
all
,
but
spent
his
time
in
eating
,
drinking
,
and
sleeping
:
With
him
Musculus
could
not
agree
,
but
often
objected
that
of
the
Apostle
to
him
.
He
that
will
not
labour
,
ought
not
to
eat
.
This
occasioned
his
Master
to
fall
out
with
him
,
and
having
paid
him
his
wages
at
two
months
end
,
he
turn'd
him
out
of
doors
,
contrary
to
his
former
bargain
:
Musculus
now
not
knowing
how
to
supply
his
wants
,
it
fell
out
that
at
that
time
the
Senate
at
Strasborough
were
mending
their
fortifications
about
the
City
:
Thither
he
went
,
and
was
hired
to
labour
in
that
work
amongst
oth
r●b●t
the
same
nightgoing
to
set
his
wife
,
she
told
him
that
an
Officer
had
been
there
to
request
him
to
come
to
the
great
Church
,
Gods
provid●nce
.
where
the
Consul
,
and
Bucer
would
speak
with
him
.
He
not
knowing
the
occasion
,
was
much
troubled
at
it
,
yet
went
to
the
place
appointed
,
and
when
he
came
thither
,
the
Consul
commanded
him
to
goe
to
the
Village
of
Dorlitzheim
,
and
there
to
preach
every
Sabbath
,
and
to
teach
the
people
(
who
were
prone
to
Sedition
)
peace
and
obedience
.
Musculus
with
joy
taking
this
as
a
call
from
God
,
went
every
Sabbath
thither
,
being
but
three
miles
off
,
He
preacheth
〈◊〉
Dorlitzheim
.
and
preached
to
them
;
and
all
the
w●ek
lived
with
Bucer
(
who
writing
so
bad
a
hand
,
that
the
Princers
could
not
read
it
,
yea
many
times
himselfe
could
scarce
read
what
he
had
written
)
imployed
Musculus
to
transcribe
his
Comments
on
Lephany
which
were
then
in
Printing
.
After
certain
months
preaching
in
that
Village
,
and
hi●
wife
growing
near
the
time
of
her
travel
,
〈◊〉
Magistrats
sent
him
and
his
wife
to
live
there
,
Ch●ist
●est
of
●ll
.
where
his
bearers
entertained
him
kindly
,
and
provided
necessaries
for
his
family
;
on●ly
himself
was
fain
to
lie
upon
the
ground
in
a
little
straw
whilst
his
wife
lay
in
.
Thus
this
man
of
God
wa●
willing
to
suffer
poverty
for
Christ's
cause
,
who
amongst
the
Papists
might
have
lived
in
much
plenty
.
In
that
Town
he
preached
a
whole
year
without
receiving
anything
for
his
pains
;
but
afterward
the
Senate
at
Strasborough
allowed
him
a
stipend
out
of
the
publick
treasury
for
the
supply
of
his
wants
.
There
also
he
began
to
teach
School
;
wherein
he
carried
himselfe
with
so
much
industry
,
He
teaches
School
.
and
affability
,
that
he
won
much
love
.
Not
far
off
there
was
a
Monastery
,
in
which
one
a
year
there
was
a
Feast
,
and
a
Sermon
,
to
which
(
at
the
request
of
his
neighbours
)
Musculus
went
.
The
Fryer
that
preached
chose
this
Text
,
Heb.
11.
6.
Without
Faith
it
's
impossible
to
please
God
.
In
his
Sermon
he
inveighed
bitterly
against
the
Lutherans
,
and
in
particular
against
them
of
Strasborough
,
as
Apostates
,
&c.
wherewith
many
of
his
hearers
were
much
pleased
.
The
Sermon
being
ended
,
and
the
Fryer
coming
downe
out
of
the
Pulpit
,
Musculus
his
zeal
.
Musculus
called
to
him
,
saying
,
Thou
wicked
wretch
,
hear
me
a
little
,
and
I
'le
make
thy
wickedness
appear
to
all
the
Congregation
.
And
going
up
into
the
Pulpit
he
took
the
same
Text
,
opened
the
words
,
and
preached
excellently
of
the
nature
and
benefit
of
saving
faith
,
and
vindicated
them
of
Strasborough
from
those
aspersions
which
the
Fryer
had
cast
upon
them
:
wherewith
the
people
were
much
pleased
,
but
the
Fryers
shrunk
away
.
Then
came
the
Steward
of
the
Monastery
running
in
,
Sata●s
malice
.
and
interrupted
him
,
saying
,
Sirrah
,
give
over
,
who
set
you
upto
preach
in
this
place
?
To
whom
he
answered
,
Who
gave
you
authority
to
set
up
a
lying
Fryer
,
to
preach
,
and
traduce
the
Senate
,
and
people
of
Strasborough
,
whom
I
am
bound
to
defend
and
vindicate
from
such
false
aspersions
?
and
so
he
went
on
in
his
Sermon
,
but
then
the
Steward
began
to
entreat
him
to
give
over
,
least
he
caused
a
tumult
;
but
he
●ad
him
hold
his
peace
,
and
entreated
the
people
to
be
quiet
,
and
so
went
on
to
the
end
of
his
Sermon
without
any
distraction
.
The
fame
of
this
action
begat
him
much
credit
amongst
all
good
men
at
Strasborough
,
so
that
at
the
years
end
he
was
sent
for
to
Strasborough
,
and
made
a
Deacon
,
though
he
in
modesty
would
have
refused
it
,
as
judging
himself
unfit
,
His
humility
.
and
unworthy
of
it
;
And
thus
he
continued
two
years
longer
in
that
place
:
And
whereas
in
Dosna
,
a
Village
belonging
to
Strasborough
,
the
people
would
by
no
means
suffer
the
Mass
to
be
abolished
,
Power
of
the
Wo●d
.
hee
,
by
one
Sermon
there
so
wrought
upon
them
,
that
presently
they
cast
it
out
of
their
Church
,
together
with
all
the
Popish
trumpery
.
At
Strasborough
,
whil'st
he
was
a
Deacon
,
he
was
a
constant
hearer
of
Capito
and
Bucer
,
and
finding
his
own
defect
for
want
of
Hebrew
,
He
studies
Hebrew
.
fell
to
the
study
of
it
,
wrote
out
a
Lexicon
with
his
own
hand
,
and
profited
so
much
therein
,
that
he
did
not
onely
understand
the
Bible
,
but
the
Rabbins
also
.
Anno
Christ
1531.
He
is
sent
for
to
Ausburg
.
the
Citizens
of
Ausburg
sent
to
Strasborough
to
request
the
Senate
to
send
them
Musculus
to
be
their
Pastor
.
This
request
he
himself
opposed
with
all
his
might
,
His
humility
.
as
judging
himself
unfit
,
&
unable
thereunto
;
had
not
Bucer
,
and
the
Senate
,
interposed
their
authority
to
require
his
acceptance
.
When
he
came
thither
he
preached
six
years
before
the
dregs
of
Popery
where
wholly
purged
out
of
that
City
;
He
goes
to
Ausburg
.
yea
the
state
of
it
was
very
troublesome
,
not
onely
by
reason
of
the
Popish
partie
,
who
with
all
their
might
opposed
the
Reformation
;
but
also
by
reason
of
some
Anabaptists
,
who
like
serpents
had
crept
in
to
disturbe
the
growth
of
the
Gospel
,
Anabaptists
tr●u●le
the
Church
.
and
the
peace
of
the
Church
:
Yea
,
they
carried
themselves
very
impudently
,
and
tumultuously
,
coming
into
the
Church
at
Sermon-time
,
stepping
up
into
the
Pulpit
,
and
labouring
to
diffuse
their
errors
,
and
to
poyson
the
people
therewith
,
Their
impud●nce
.
insomuch
as
the
Magistrates
were
forced
for
the
publick
peace
sake
to
cast
them
into
prison
:
Thither
Musculus
went
daily
to
them
,
Some
of
them
imprisoned
.
and
though
they
called
him
a
Viper
,
a
false
Prophet
,
a
Wolfe
in
Sheep's
cloathing
,
&c.
yet
he
bore
all
with
patience
,
and
carried
them
food
,
and
other
necessaries
,
His
holy
policy
.
not
speaking
a
word
about
their
opinions
till
he
had
so
far
insinuated
into
their
affections
that
they
began
to
love
him
exceedingly
.
Then
began
he
to
confer
familiarly
with
them
,
to
hear
them
with
patience
,
and
with
solid
arguments
to
convince
their
errors
,
whereupon
by
degrees
,
he
converted
them
all
,
and
brought
them
to
make
publick
recantations
,
He
converts
●hem
.
which
by
more
rugged
dealings
they
would
never
have
yeelded
to
.
He
had
also
many
conflicts
with
the
Popish
party
,
and
wrought
so
far
with
the
Senate
,
that
Anno
Christi
1834.
they
cast
out
the
Mass
,
and
Idolatry
out
of
most
of
the
Churches
,
onely
allowing
to
the
Papists
eight
to
say
Mass
,
but
not
to
preach
in
.
And
afterwards
,
Reformation
in
Ausburg
.
Anno
Christi
1537.
he
so
prevailed
,
that
Popery
was
cast
out
of
those
Churches
also
,
and
the
City
wholly
imbraced
the
reformed
Religion
.
There
he
studied
the
Greek
Tongue
,
He
studies
Greek
.
And
Arabick
.
and
profited
so
much
therein
,
that
he
translated
diverse
parts
of
Chrysostome
,
Basil
,
Cyril
,
Athanasius
,
&c.
At
that
time
also
by
his
owne
indust●y
he
learned
Arabick
,
not
having
so
much
as
a
Grammer
to
help
him
;
onely
by
observing
the
proper
names
(
which
are
the
same
in
all
languages
)
he
found
out
the
Letters
,
His
industry
.
and
so
attained
to
the
reading
,
and
understanding
of
that
tongue
.
He
taught
at
Ausburg
eighteen
years
with
much
diligence
,
Preachers
part●rn
.
and
profit
.
His
Sermons
were
very
piercing
like
a
two-edged
sword
,
both
in
comforting
the
afflicted
,
and
convincing
the
obstinate
.
Anno
Christi
1536.
there
was
a
Synod
appointed
at
Isenac
in
Thuringia
,
to
which
Luther
,
and
many
other
Divines
out
of
upper
and
lower
Germany
resorted
,
about
composing
the
difference
concerning
the
Lords
Supper
,
to
which
Musculus
was
sent
by
the
Senate
of
Strasborough
;
as
also
to
a
Diet
at
Wormes
and
Ratisbone
,
where
he
was
Scribe
at
the
Disputation
between
Melancthon
,
and
Eccius
,
which
afterwards
he
published
.
Anno
Christi
,
1544.
the
Inhabitants
of
Donavert
embracing
the
Gospel
,
He
goes
to
Donavert
.
sent
to
the
Senate
at
Ausburg
for
one
their
Ministers
to
assist
,
and
further
them
in
their
Reformation
,
who
thereupon
sent
Musculus
to
them
,
and
when
he
came
thither
,
he
preached
every
day
for
a
quarter
of
a
year
together
,
and
so
returned
to
Ausburg
.
Anno
Christi
1547.
Charls
the
fifth
having
ended
the
Smalcaldian
war
,
A
Diet
at
Ausburg
.
called
a
Diet
at
Auspurg
,
whither
himself
,
his
brother
Ferdinand
,
the
Electors
,
Cardinals
and
Bishops
came
:
Then
was
Musculus
put
out
of
his
Church
;
yet
did
he
not
cease
to
preach
in
another
,
His
zeal
and
courage
.
during
that
Diet
,
with
as
much
zeal
and
freedom
of
speech
as
formerly
,
which
procured
him
much
hatred
from
the
Popish
party
,
who
set
spies
to
intrap
him
.
They
also
accused
him
to
the
Emperor
as
one
that
stirred
up
the
people
against
the
Clergie
;
by
reason
whereof
he
was
in
such
danger
,
Popish
malice
.
that
the
Senate
was
fain
to
appoint
three
men
to
guard
him
to
,
and
from
the
Pulpit
.
Tumults
were
raised
before
his
door
,
his
windows
broken
,
and
himself
rail'd
upon
;
His
courage
and
constancy
.
yet
he
bore
all
with
a
stout
courage
,
and
sent
the
Senate
word
,
That
if
they
would
stick
close
to
the
cause
of
God
,
he
would
venture
his
life
with
them
.
The
year
after
the
Senate
embraced
the
Interim
,
His
zeal
.
which
he
wrote
,
and
preached
boldly
against
;
insomuch
that
he
was
hated
,
and
lived
in
great
danger
;
hereupon
he
resolved
to
leave
the
City
,
and
acquainting
the
Consul
with
his
purpose
,
one
evening
,
Flight
in
persecut●on
.
with
one
only
Citizen
in
his
company
,
he
left
his
wife
,
and
eight
children
,
and
departed
out
of
the
City
,
and
changing
his
apparel
at
a
friend's
house
that
he
might
pass
unknown
;
He
goes
to
Zurick
.
he
went
to
Zurick
,
where
he
stayed
a
while
with
Bullinger
,
and
from
thence
to
Busil
,
his
,
wife
and
children
following
him
within
a
few
days
;
but
they
staying
at
Constance
,
he
went
thither
to
them
,
and
the
Sabbath
following
he
preached
to
the
Citizens
of
Constance
upon
that
Text
;
Joh.
6.
66
,
67
,
68
,
69.
He
preaches
at
Constance
.
From
that
time
many
of
his
Disciples
went
back
,
and
walked
no
more
with
him
,
&c.
Out
of
which
words
he
shewed
how
grievously
those
Cities
had
sinned
,
which
to
please
men
,
had
basely
deserted
the
Gospel
of
Christ
.
Then
he
exhorted
them
of
Constance
,
not
to
follow
such
examples
,
but
rather
after
the
examples
of
the
Apostles
in
this
Text
,
constantly
to
adhere
unto
Christ
,
who
onely
hath
the
words
of
eternall
life
.
The
very
next
day
the
Spaniards
coming
to
besiege
Constance
,
he
with
his
family
removed
to
Zurick
:
Thither
Cranmer
sent
for
him
to
come
into
England
,
He
is
sent
for
into
England
.
but
being
grown
aged
,
and
his
wife
sickly
,
he
excused
his
going
thither
.
After
six
months
stay
there
he
was
called
to
Berne
to
be
the
Divinity
Professor
in
their
Schools
,
He
is
chosen
to
Bern.
whither
he
went
,
and
where
he
discharged
his
place
for
fourt●en
years
together
with
much
diligence
and
praise
.
He
Printed
many
works
,
all
which
he
wrote
out
with
his
own
hands
wherby
his
great
labour
,
His
industry
.
Hi●
self
denyall
.
and
sedulity
may
easi●y
be
discerned
.
He
so
loved
his
present
imployment
,
and
place
of
habitation
,
that
though
he
had
many
invitations
to
places
of
more
eminency
and
profit
,
yet
he
wou●d
never
imbrace
the
same
,
but
continued
at
Bern
till
his
death
.
He
lived
in
much
peace
and
concord
with
his
fellow
Ministers
,
His
amity
with
his
Collegues
.
and
Professors
,
and
was
very
loving
to
his
wife
and
children
;
in
domestical
troubles
most
patient
;
very
mercifull
to
the
poor
,
His
Charity
.
especially
to
exiles
and
strangers
;
of
a
sparing
,
and
temperate
diet
,
whereby
he
lived
in
health
to
his
latter
end
.
He
used
much
walking
,
and
holy
meditation
therein
.
He
went
very
upright
,
had
a
fresh
colour
,
sharp
sight
,
His
Character
.
admirable
strong
teeth
;
and
lastly
his
hands
and
feet
well
performing
their
office
.
But
the
year
before
his
death
he
beganne
to
be
crasie
;
partly
by
reason
of
his
great
age
,
but
especially
being
worne
out
with
infinite
cares
,
and
labours
;
as
also
by
reason
of
a
great
cough
which
of
a
long
time
had
been
troublesome
to
him
.
By
these
means
he
had
many
fits
of
sicknesse
that
year
,
out
of
which
,
through
Gods
mercy
,
and
the
care
of
his
Physicians
,
he
somewhat
recovered
,
yet
himself
discerned
that
his
end
approached
,
and
therefore
he
daily
prepared
himself
for
it
,
laying
aside
all
worldly
cares
and
businesses
,
that
he
might
the
better
meditate
upon
his
approaching
death
,
He
prepares
for
death
.
as
may
appear
by
these
verses
which
he
made
a
little
before
his
death
.
Nil
superest
vitae
,
frigus
praecordia
captat
:
Sed
tu
Christo
mihi
vita
perennis
ades
.
Quid
trepidas
anima
?
ad
sedes
abitura
quietis
,
En
tibi
ductor
adest
angelus
ille
tuus
.
Peccasti
?
scio
:
sed
Christus
credentibus
in
se
Peccata
expurgat
sanguine
cuncta
suo
.
Horribilis
mors
est
?
fateor
:
sed
proxima
vita
est
,
Ad
quam
te
Christi
gratia
certa
vocat
.
Praesto
est
de
Satana
,
peccato
,
&
morte
triumphans
Christus
:
adhuc
igitur
lata
,
alacrisque
mig●a
.
August
the
twenty
second
,
His
last
sicknesse
.
being
the
Lordsday
in
the
morning
,
Musculus
,
feeling
no
distemper
,
went
to
Church
to
hear
the
Sermon
,
and
about
the
midst
of
it
,
he
was
seised
with
a
violent
Feaver
;
yet
continuing
to
the
end
of
the
Sermon
,
he
went
home
,
and
sat
down
to
dinner
,
supping
a
little
broth
,
but
waxing
worse
,
he
was
led
to
a
bed
in
his
study
,
from
which
he
never
rose
afterwards
.
So
soon
as
he
was
laid
,
he
grew
extreame
hot
and
burning
,
whereupon
by
the
advice
of
his
Physician
,
he
was
let
blood
:
he
had
also
some
Physick
given
him
,
which
yet
staied
not
with
him
.
Musculus
,
perceiving
his
end
to
draw
near
,
caused
his
sons
to
be
sent
for
,
whom
he
saluted
,
and
blessed
,
after
which
he
never
seemed
to
mind
either
wife
or
children
.
John
Haller
(
one
of
the
Ministers
)
asking
him
of
the
state
of
his
soul
,
and
how
he
would
dispose
of
his
outward
estate
?
hee
answered
,
I
thank
God
,
I
have
nothing
that
troubles
my
conscience
.
And
as
concerning
my
Doctrine
,
as
I
taught
,
so
I
thought
,
doe
think
,
and
will
think
to
the
end
.
As
for
my
Wife
and
Family
,
I
commend
them
to
your
,
and
your
Colleagues
care
,
desiring
you
to
be
Fathers
and
protectors
to
them
.
Haller
in
his
own
,
and
his
brethrens
name
,
promising
to
satisfie
his
desire
,
he
thanked
them
,
and
never
after
made
mention
of
any
wordly
thing
:
And
so
shortly
after
he
quietly
resigned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
in
the
presence
of
the
Ministers
,
and
Professors
of
the
University
,
His
death
.
who
were
come
to
visit
him
.
The
day
after
he
was
honourably
buried
,
Anno
Christi
1563
,
and
of
his
age
66.
This
Epitaph
was
set
upon
the
wall
,
near
to
his
grave
.
MUSCULUS
hic
situs
est
,
doctrina
clarus
,
&
ingens
:
Nomen
in
orbe
manet
,
Spiritus
astra
tenet
.
His
Works
are
these
.
Comment.
in
Genesim
.
His
Works
.
in
Psalm
.
Mat.
Joh.
ad
Romanos
,
&
Corinthios
,
ad
Phil.
Col.
Thess.
Tim.
Loci
communes
.
Explicatio
Decalogi
.
Contra
Missam
.
Anti-Chochlaeus
.
De
Concilio
Tridentin●
.
Quatenus
ferenda
sit
injuria
.
Contra
impurum
Catechismum
.
De
Juramento
.
De
Bello
Germanico
.
Besides
many
of
the
Greek
Fathers
,
and
other
bookes
,
which
he
turned
out
of
Greek
into
Latine
.
The
Life
of
Hyperius
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1564.
ANdreas
Gerardus
Hyperius
was
born
at
Ipres
in
Flanders
An
Christi
1511.
His
Birth
and
Education
.
His
Father
was
a
Counsellor
famous
in
that
City
.
His
Mother
was
Katherine
Coets
,
of
a
noble
Family
.
These
set
their
son
to
School
be-ti●es
,
and
being
reasonable
well
grounded
in
Grammer
,
at
eleven
years
old
they
placed
him
with
James
Pap
,
a
good
Poet
,
to
be
trained
up
by
him
.
When
he
was
thirteen
years
old
he
●rave●●●d
through
the
Islands
of
Flanders
.
Then
was
under
the
t●ition
of
John
Lacteus
,
where
he
learned
the
French
Tongue
.
His
Fathers
desire
was
that
he
should
not
only
be
brought
up
in
learning
,
but
also
in
good
manners
and
vertue
.
But
whereas
,
by
reason
of
the
Wars
between
Charls
the
fifth
,
and
the
King
of
France
,
he
could
not
send
him
to
Paris
,
he
kept
him
at
home
to
write
amongst
his
Clerks
.
An.
Chri.
1525
,
His
Fathers
death
.
his
Father
fell
sick
,
and
dyed
,
charging
his
wife
,
that
as
soon
as
ever
the
Wars
were
ended
,
she
should
send
his
sonne
Andre●
to
be
brought
up
in
learning
at
Paris
;
And
Anno
Christi
1528
,
peace
being
made
between
the
Emperour
and
King
,
Hyperius
was
accordingly
sent
to
Paris
,
and
commended
to
the
tuition
of
Anthony
Helhuctus
(
who
was
a
Senator
of
the
Parliament
at
this
time
)
and
of
John
de
Campis
,
He
goes
to
Paris
.
a
Licentiat
in
Divinity
.
The
former
was
to
supply
him
with
necessaries
▪
and
the
latter
to
forward
him
in
his
studies
.
Hyperius
sojourned
long
in
the
house
of
de
Camp●●
,
and
heard
also
the
Logick
Lecture
in
the
Colledge
of
Calviac
.
In
that
Colledge
one
of
the
Lecturers
was
Joachim
Ringleberg
,
a
very
learned
man
,
with
whom
Hyperius
had
contracted
a
very
strict
bond
of
friendship
:
And
by
his
help
,
besides
Logick
,
he
learned
Rhetorick
and
Physick
.
At
the
end
of
three
years
he
returned
into
his
own
country
to
visit
his
friends
,
He
returns
into
his
country
.
and
to
see
whether
any
of
his
Patrimony
remained
;
and
finding
that
there
was
yet
enough
to
maintain
him
,
Anno
Christi
1532.
And
back
to
Paris
.
he
returned
to
Paris
,
purposing
now
to
betake
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
:
and
accordingly
he
frequented
the
Divinity-Schooles
:
Sometimes
also
he
heard
the
Physick
Lectures
,
which
naturally
he
was
much
affected
with
.
He
frequented
likewise
the
Lectures
of
the
Professors
of
the
Tongues
,
as
Cleonard
,
Sturmius
,
and
Latomus
.
Then
he
had
an
earnest
desire
to
travell
thorough
France
His
travels
through
France
.
both
to
learn
the
language
more
perfectly
,
and
the
better
to
acquaint
himself
with
their
manners
.
Whereupon
every
year
in
January
,
February
,
and
March
,
when
the
Lectures
ceased
,
taking
some
of
his
fellow
Students
along
with
him
,
he
went
into
sundry
Provinces
,
and
visited
the
most
famous
Universities
:
So
that
at
the
times
forementioned
,
in
three
yeares
space
he
had
travelled
through
the
greatest
part
of
France
,
and
Italy
.
Anno
Christi
1535
he
returned
into
his
own
country
,
His
return
into
his
Country
.
and
presently
went
to
Lovane
,
where
having
remained
a
while
,
he
travelled
through
the
Low-countries
,
as
Gelderland
,
Friesland
,
Holland
,
Zealand
,
&c.
And
Anno
1537
,
and
of
his
age
26
,
he
travelled
into
upper
Germany
to
visit
the
Universities
,
and
acquaint
himself
with
the
famous
men
therein
.
He
travels
into
Germany
.
For
which
end
he
went
to
Colen
,
Marpurg
,
Erford
,
Lipsich
,
and
Wittenberg
,
and
so
returning
into
his
country
he
was
earnestly
importuned
by
his
friends
to
take
some
cure
upon
him
,
And
his
return
.
that
having
now
spent
his
patrimony
,
hee
might
live
the
more
quietly
amongst
his
friends
;
and
unknown
to
him
,
they
had
procured
from
the
Pope
a
patent
,
whereby
he
was
enabled
to
receive
large
revenues
out
of
certaine
Monasteries
:
only
they
wanted
a
confirmation
from
the
Emperors
Chancellor
,
the
Archbishop
of
Palermo
:
But
it
fell
out
by
Gods
Providence
,
Gods
providence
.
that
the
Archb.
denied
his
consent
,
being
informed
by
Hyperius
his
competitors
,
that
Hyperius
had
been
in
upper
Germany
,
which
then
was
accounted
a
great
crime
.
Hereupon
Hyperius
,
not
willing
to
be
a
burden
to
his
friends
,
by
the
advice
of
some
learned
and
godly
men
,
resolved
again
to
travell
;
first
intending
for
Italy
;
but
being
hindred
by
reason
of
the
wars
,
He
goes
into
England
.
he
sailed
into
England
,
where
hee
might
easily
hear
from
his
friends
if
any
preferment
fell
in
his
own
country
.
In
England
his
care
was
to
acquaint
himself
with
such
men
as
were
most
famous
for
learning
.
Upon
which
occasion
he
fell
into
the
company
of
Charles
Montjoy
,
Son
to
William
Lord
Montjoy
,
whom
Erasmus
had
made
famous
by
his
writings
.
His
imployment
there
.
He
used
Hyperius
very
courteously
,
and
conferred
with
him
about
many
things
,
and
finding
his
excellent
wit
,
he
invited
him
to
his
house
,
proffering
him
a
large
stipend
.
This
offer
he
embraced
,
and
lived
most
sweetly
with
him
four
years
,
imploying
himself
in
his
studies
all
that
while
.
Anno
Christi
1540
,
at
the
charges
of
Montjoy
,
he
visited
the
University
of
Cambridge
,
about
which
time
the
Lord
Cromwell
was
beheaded
,
and
also
Doctor
Barnes
was
burned
for
Religion
,
with
some
others
;
and
on
the
other
side
some
others
suffered
death
for
adhering
to
the
Pope
,
and
denying
the
Kings
supremacy
.
There
was
also
published
a
dangerous
Edict
against
Strangers
.
Hereupon
Hyperius
resolved
to
returne
into
Germany
;
but
before
he
went
,
He
goes
into
his
own
country
.
he
visited
the
University
of
Oxford
,
and
from
thence
went
to
London
,
where
he
bade
farewel
to
Montjoy
,
who
would
have
kept
him
longer
,
and
sailed
to
Antwerp
;
from
which
going
into
his
own
Country
,
he
remained
a
while
quietly
with
his
friends
:
But
hearing
the
fame
of
the
University
of
Strasborough
,
and
of
Bucer
in
particular
,
he
was
very
desirous
to
goe
into
those
part●
and
so
taking
leave
of
his
friends
,
he
went
to
Marpurg
,
intending
to
get
Letters
of
commendation
from
Gerard
Noviomag
(
to
whom
Thence
into
Germany
.
he
was
formerly
known
)
to
the
learned
men
at
Strasborough
.
This
was
Anno
Christi
1541
,
and
of
his
age
30.
His
coming
was
very
acceptable
to
Noviomag
who
presently
sollicited
him
earnestly
to
stay
at
Marpurg
,
His
entertainment
at
Marpurg
.
assuring
him
of
a
Professors
place
,
and
a
liberall
stipend
.
And
shortly
after
he
dealt
with
John
Ficinus
,
the
Princes
Chancellor
,
to
substitute
Hyperius
in
his
own
room
,
pleading
his
age
,
and
infirmities
,
which
made
him
unfit
to
undergoe
the
burden
of
his
place
.
●icinus
disliked
not
the
motion
,
and
therefore
sending
for
Hyperius
to
him
,
he
requested
him
to
stay
at
Marpurg
,
and
to
give
them
some
taste
of
his
Learning
,
telling
him
,
that
if
he
was
liked
,
His
employment
.
he
might
have
a
good
stipend
setled
on
him
:
And
shortly
after
Noviomag
dying
,
Hyperius
was
chosen
into
his
Professors
place
,
and
so
read
upon
Paul's
Epistles
,
where
Noviomag
had
left
.
And
thus
continuing
unmarried
years
,
he
at
last
purposed
to
marry
,
and
accordingly
,
Anno
Christi
1544
,
His
marriage
.
he
married
Katharine
Orthea
,
a
vertuous
Widdow
of
good
parentage
,
who
had
two
children
.
Her
he
alwayes
loved
dearly
,
and
had
by
her
six
sons
,
and
four
daughthers
.
In
that
place
he
lived
two
and
twenty
years
,
performing
the
duty
of
his
place
with
admirable
fidelity
,
diligence
,
and
zeal
,
His
great
labours
.
to
promote
Religion
,
and
Learning
:
And
besides
his
daily
task
,
he
took
somtimes
other
opportunities
to
teach
the
people
.
He
set
up
an
order
of
preaching
in
the
Schools
with
much
labour
and
trouble
;
himself
appointing
what
subjects
should
be
handled
:
Looking
over
the
young
Students
Sermons
,
and
hearing
them
in
private
,
before
they
preached
them
in
publick
,
correcting
what
was
amiss
either
in
their
voice
or
gesture
:
Such
as
did
well
,
he
commended
,
such
as
did
ill
,
he
blamed
,
and
endeavoured
to
reform
.
He
instituted
also
once
in
two
yeares
an
examination
of
the
Students
in
Divinity
;
as
also
a
dissertation
,
wherein
some
question
being
proposed
,
every
one
was
to
give
in
his
judgement
upon
the
same
.
These
exercises
he
set
up
,
and
diligently
promoted
them
,
though
he
had
no
reward
for
his
pains
.
In
his
private
studies
he
was
very
indefatigable
,
alwaies
writing
,
His
care
to
Reform
the
Church
.
reading
,
or
meditating
,
whereby
he
much
impaired
his
health
.
He
much
desired
to
call
back
the
Hassians
to
the
example
of
the
Primitive
Churches
,
and
abolishing
the
Popish
fooleries
out
of
the
service
of
God
,
to
establish
a
holy
Scripturall
,
Ecclesiasticall
Discipline
.
And
in
these
employments
,
having
worne
out
himself
,
he
fell
into
a
great
Catarrh
,
and
Cough
,
His
sicknesse
.
complaining
also
of
the
pains
of
his
head
,
breast
,
and
sides
,
which
often
were
so
great
,
as
made
him
sweat
,
as
if
he
had
been
seised
upon
with
a
Feaver
.
In
his
sicknesse
he
conferred
much
with
Divines
that
came
to
visit
him
,
especially
with
Wigand
Orthius
,
about
the
University
,
the
study
of
Divinity
,
and
Reforming
the
Church
.
January
the
thirtieth
,
being
the
Lordsday
,
when
the
Sacrament
was
administred
,
he
desired
it
to
be
brought
to
him
also
,
receiving
it
with
the
rest
of
his
family
.
The
day
after
feeling
himself
worse
,
He
exhorts
his
wife
and
children
.
he
directed
his
wife
what
to
do
after
his
death
;
as
also
his
children
,
whom
he
exhorted
to
feare
God
,
honour
their
Mother
,
and
to
carry
themselves
justly
,
and
honestly
towards
all
men
.
When
many
came
to
visit
him
,
he
made
before
them
a
confession
of
his
Faith
,
professing
his
constancy
in
that
Doctrine
which
he
had
taught
them
,
His
death
.
and
so
taking
his
leave
of
them
,
he
quietly
slept
in
the
Lord
,
anno
Christi
,
1564.
and
of
his
age
53.
He
was
very
learned
in
the
Tongues
,
better
in
the
Liberall
Arts
,
and
Philosophy
,
best
of
all
in
Divinity
,
and
the
Ecclesiasticall
Histories
.
He
had
an
excellent
faculty
both
in
teaching
,
and
disputing
.
His
labours
were
such
as
tended
to
the
shortning
of
his
life
.
In
life
and
manners
he
was
very
exemplary
;
in
food
and
apparel
alwayes
temperate
;
in
feasts
Modest.
His
Character
.
In
his
conference
and
conversation
just
,
and
courteous
.
And
how
dear
he
was
to
all
,
both
in
City
and
University
appeared
by
those
many
tears
which
were
shed
at
his
funerall
.
His
workes
were
these
:
De
ratione
studii
;
Dialectica
,
Rhetorica
,
Arithmetica
,
His
works
.
Geometrica
,
Cosmographica
,
Optica
,
Astronomica
,
Physica
,
:
in
Ethica
Aristotelis
Scholia
,
De
studiosorum
vita
,
&
moribus
:
de
Ratione
studii
Theologi●i
:
De
formandis
concionibus
:
De
Theologo
:
De
quotidiana
Lectione
,
&
meditatione
sac.
literarum
:
De
Catechesi
:
De
publica
in
paupere●
beneficentia
De
Schol●s
Ecclesiasticis
:
De
coni●gio
Ministrorum
:
De
Providentia
Dei
,
&c.
which
are
particularly
set
downe
by
Ve●heiden
.
JO:
CALVIN
The
Life
of
John
Calvin
,
who
died
Anno
Christi
1562.
MAster
John
Calvin
was
borne
at
Noviodune
,
a
Famous
City
of
France
,
His
birth
.
June
the
sixth
,
anno
1509.
His
fathers
name
was
Gerard
Calvin
,
his
Mothers
Joan
Franc●
,
both
of
good
repute
,
of
a
competent
estate
.
Gerard
was
a
very
prudent
man
,
and
therefore
well
esteemed
of
both
by
the
Nobility
,
and
others
of
the
Country
:
His
education
.
He
gave
his
Son
John
very
liberall
education
from
his
childhood
.
From
the
Grammer-School
,
he
sent
him
to
Paris
,
and
placed
him
with
Maturinus
Corderius
,
a
man
well
esteemed
both
for
his
probity
,
and
learning
,
of
chiefest
account
amongst
all
the
School-Masters
in
France
for
his
training
up
of
youth
.
From
thence
John
Calvin
was
translated
to
the
School
at
Montacute
,
where
he
had
Hispanus
for
his
Master
,
under
whom
,
by
reason
of
his
sharp
wit
,
he
profited
so
much
,
that
from
the
Grammer
he
proceeded
to
the
study
of
Logick
,
and
other
arts
.
His
Father
from
the
beginning
designed
him
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
He
is
designed
to
Divinity
.
which
he
judged
him
to
be
very
much
inclined
to
,
being
religiously
addicted
from
his
childhood
,
and
a
severe
reprover
of
his
School-fellows
faults
.
And
being
thus
resolved
,
he
procured
a
Benefice
of
the
Bishop
for
him
,
in
the
Cathedrall
Church
of
Noviodune
,
as
also
a
Cure
in
a
neighbour
Village
,
called
Bishops-bridge
,
where
himself
was
borne
,
though
afterwards
he
removed
to
the
City
of
Noviodune
,
in
which
place
our
John
before
his
Ordination
preached
divers
Sermons
to
the
people
.
But
this
purpose
of
his
(
both
their
minds
changing
)
was
afterwards
altred
;
For
his
Father
seing
that
the
study
of
the
Law
was
a
certainer
step
to
riches
and
honour
,
He
is
designed
to
the
Law
.
altered
his
mind
upon
that
account
,
and
his
Son
growing
into
acquaintance
with
a
certain
kinsman
of
his
,
His
conversion
.
called
Peter
Robert
Olevitane
,
was
by
him
instructed
in
the
true
reformed
Religion
,
whereupon
he
addicted
himself
to
the
study
of
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
and
beganne
to
abominate
and
withdraw
himselfe
from
the
superstitious
services
in
the
Popish
Church
:
Upon
this
occasion
hee
went
to
Orleans
,
He
goes
to
Orleance
.
where
Peter
Stella
the
most
famous
Lawyer
in
France
,
read
his
Lectures
,
whose
Auditor
John
Calvin
was
,
and
in
a
short
space
wonderfully
profited
in
that
study
:
So
that
many
times
,
occasionally
supplying
his
Masters
room
,
he
rather
seemed
a
Doctor
,
then
a
learner
of
the
Law
:
And
when
he
was
about
to
depart
,
all
the
Professors
in
that
University
,
proffered
freely
to
bestow
the
degree
of
a
Doctor
upon
him
as
having
so
well
deserved
of
the
University
.
He
studies
the
Scriptures
.
But
all
this
while
he
neglected
not
the
study
of
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
and
Divinity
;
insomuch
as
few
in
that
City
,
that
were
addicted
to
the
reformed
Religion
,
but
they
came
to
him
to
be
satisfied
in
their
doubts
,
and
went
away
admiring
his
learning
and
zeal
.
And
some
that
were
intimately
acquainted
with
him
at
that
time
,
testified
that
his
manner
was
constantly
to
continue
his
studies
till
midnight
,
His
studiousness
.
and
in
the
morning
so
soon
as
he
wakened
,
to
ruminate
what
he
had
read
over
night
,
whereby
he
fixed
it
in
his
memory
,
neither
would
he
suffer
himself
to
be
disturbed
during
the
time
of
his
meditation
:
And
the
better
to
fit
him
for
his
studies
,
he
alwaies
supped
very
sparingly
.
By
which
practise
he
attained
to
excellent
Learning
,
and
a
very
good
memory
:
Yet
withall
hereby
he
contracted
such
weaknesse
of
stomack
,
as
brought
upon
him
many
diseases
▪
and
at
last
an
immature
death
.
About
this
time
the
University
of
Biturg
grew
famous
,
He
goes
to
Biturg
for
that
they
had
procured
out
of
Italy
the
eminentest
Lawyer
of
his
time
,
Andrew
Alciat
,
whom
our
John
also
would
needs
be
a
hearer
of
:
Thither
therefore
he
went
,
and
during
his
abode
there
,
he
grew
into
familiar
acquaintance
with
Melchior
Wolmarus
,
a
German
,
the
publick
Professor
of
Greek
in
that
University
,
a
man
famous
for
Religion
,
and
Lea●ning
.
Under
him
he
studied
the
Greek
tongue
,
He
studies
the
Greek
.
for
which
benefit
he
so
much
prized
him
,
that
afterwards
he
dedicated
to
him
his
Comment
upon
the
second
Epistle
to
the
Corinthians
.
Whilst
he
was
imployed
in
these
studies
,
he
neglected
not
that
of
Divinity
,
He
preacheth
.
so
that
he
preached
divers
Sermons
in
a
neighbour
Towne
called
Liveria
.
But
whilst
hee
was
thus
bu●ied
,
news
came
to
him
of
his
Fathers
death
which
called
him
back
into
his
own
country
:
And
having
setled
his
affaires
there
,
hee
went
back
to
Paris
,
He
goes
to
Paris
.
being
now
about
four
and
twenty
years
old
,
at
which
time
he
wrote
that
excellent
Commentary
upon
Seneca
de
Clementia
,
being
much
affected
with
that
Author
,
whom
he
used
to
say
agreed
very
well
with
his
Genius
.
After
a
few
moneths
stay
at
Paris
,
he
grew
acquainted
with
all
that
professed
the
Reformed
Religion
;
and
amongst
the
r●st
with
Stephen
Forgeus
,
a
famous
Merchant
,
who
afterwards
sealed
the
Truth
with
his
blood
.
From
hence
forward
at
the
earnest
request
of
all
the
godly
that
held
their
private
meetings
in
Paris
he
layd
aside
all
other
studies
,
and
wholly
applyed
himself
to
that
of
Divinity
,
wherein
also
he
found
the
speciall
assistance
of
God
.
At
this
time
Nicholas
Cope
was
Rector
of
the
University
at
Paris
,
who
being
to
make
an
Oration
upon
the
Kalends
of
November
,
at
which
time
the
Pontificians
used
to
celebrate
●heir
All-Saints
day
,
at
the
instigation
of
John
Calvin
,
hee
spake
of
Religion
more
purely
and
clearly
then
they
used
to
doe
.
This
the
Sorbonists
could
not
bear
,
and
the
Parliament
of
Paris
was
angry
it
,
insomuch
as
they
cited
him
to
appear
before
them
,
which
accordingly
he
was
about
to
submit
to
;
but
as
he
went
,
some
of
his
friends
advised
him
to
take
heed
of
his
adversaries
;
whereupon
he
returned
home
,
and
immediately
after
left
France
,
and
went
to
Basil
,
where
his
Father
was
a
Professor
of
Physick
.
The
Officers
sent
by
the
Parliament
,
His
danger
.
searching
for
Cope
,
went
into
Master
Calvins
house
,
who
by
chance
not
being
at
home
,
they
ransacked
his
study
,
and
amongst
his
papers
found
many
of
his
friends
Letters
,
which
had
like
to
have
endangered
the
lives
of
many
.
So
bitterly
were
the
enemies
of
the
Church
at
that
time
enraged
against
the
people
of
God
,
especially
one
John
Morinus
,
whose
abhominable
cruelty
is
infamous
till
this
day
.
But
it
pleased
God
to
divert
that
Storm
by
the
prudent
,
and
pious
diligence
of
the
Queen
of
Navar
,
Is
delivered
by
the
Queen
of
Navar.
the
onely
Sister
of
King
Francis
,
a
woman
of
an
admirable
wit
,
and
exceeding
tender
of
the
welfare
of
the
Professors
of
the
Reformed
Religion
.
She
also
sent
for
Mr.
Calvin
into
her
Court
,
used
him
very
honourably
,
and
heard
him
gladly
.
But
Mr.
Calvin
finding
Pais
too
hot
for
his
abode
,
went
to
Xantone
,
where
sojourning
with
a
friend
,
at
his
request
he
drew
up
short
Christian
admonitions
,
He
goes
to
Xantone
.
which
were
dispersed
amongst
certaine
Priests
to
be
taught
to
their
people
,
that
so
their
people
might
by
li●tle
and
little
be
drawn
to
searching
out
of
the
Truth
.
Shortly
a●ter
he
went
to
Nerac
,
a
City
of
Aquitane
,
Thence
to
Nerac
.
where
he
visited
that
good
old
man
James
Faber
Stapulensis
,
who
being
formerly
a
Professor
of
the
Mathematicks
,
and
Philosophy
in
Paris
,
was
per●ecuted
for
the
Trutly
by
the
Scybomsts
,
but
by
the
friendly
help
of
the
Queen
of
Navar
was
delivered
and
sent
to
this
Town
of
her
jurisdiction
:
This
good
old
man
received
young
Mr.
Calvin
with
very
fatherly
affections
,
prophesying
that
in
time
to
come
he
would
prove
a
famous
instrument
for
the
building
up
of
the
French
Church
.
From
thence
Mr.
Calvin
went
again
to
Paris
,
Again
to
Paris
to
confer
with
Sevetus
.
being
called
thereto
by
the
speciall
providence
of
God
:
For
at
this
time
that
wicked
Servetus
was
come
thither
,
dispersing
his
poyson
against
the
sacred
Trinity
;
who
hearing
of
Calvin
,
pretended
that
he
was
desirous
to
confer
with
him
;
and
a
time
and
place
was
appointed
for
their
meeting
,
whither
Calvin
went
,
not
without
perill
of
his
life
,
who
was
faine
to
hide
himselfe
from
the
rage
of
his
enemies
;
but
when
he
had
waited
long
for
him
,
Servetus
came
not
,
being
indeed
afraid
of
the
very
sight
of
Master
Calvin
:
this
was
Anno
Christi
1534.
1534.
Infamous
for
the
abominable
cruelty
exercised
against
the
poor
Saints
of
God
,
especially
against
Gerard
Ruffus
,
a
Master
of
Art
of
Sorban
,
and
Caroldus
an
Augustinian
Monk
,
who
under
the
protection
of
the
Queen
of
Navar
,
had
for
a
yeare
or
two
very
much
propagated
the
truth
,
which
the
Divel
envying
,
now
stirred
up
his
instruments
to
pul
them
out
of
the
Pulpit
,
and
to
cast
them
into
prison
:
yea
,
King
Francis
himself
was
so
irritated
,
by
reason
of
certaine
papers
against
the
Mass
,
scattered
about
the
City
,
and
fixed
to
his
Chamber
door
,
that
he
presently
commanded
a
publick
Procession
,
wherein
himselfe
and
his
three
children
assisted
,
with
a
bare
head
,
carrying
a
Torch
in
his
hand
to
expiate
that
wickedness
,
and
commanded
eight
of
the
Saints
of
God
to
be
burned
alive
,
Eigh●
Martyrs
.
in
four
principall
parts
of
the
City
;
Swearing
publickly
,
that
he
would
not
spare
his
own
children
if
he
knew
th●m
to
be
infected
with
those
damnable
he
esies
.
Calvin
beholding
these
sad
spectacles
,
went
presently
af●er
to
Orleans
,
where
he
published
his
famous
book
which
he
called
Ps●chopannychia
,
against
that
error
long
before
broached
,
and
now
again
revived
,
He
goes
to
Orlens
.
of
them
which
held
The
Soules
sleeping
after
they
were
s●vered
from
the
bodies
:
And
so
purposing
to
bid
adien
to
France
,
he
associated
to
him
his
old
friend
with
whom
he
had
sojourned
at
Xantone
,
and
travelling
through
●orrain
,
went
towards
Basil
:
But
being
not
far
from
the
City
of
Meton
,
they
fell
into
great
straits
,
for
one
of
their
servants
who
had
gotten
all
their
money
,
His
servants
Knavery
.
being
mounted
upon
a
lusty
horse
,
ran
away
from
them
,
and
could
by
no
means
be
overtaken
,
so
they
were
f●in
to
send
their
other
servant
to
borrow
ten
crowns
,
which
with
much
adoe
carried
them
to
Strasborough
,
He
goes
to
Basil
.
Studies
Nebrew
.
and
from
thence
to
Basill
.
There
Mr.
Calvin
quickly
became
an
intimate
friend
to
those
famous
men
Simon
Grynaeus
,
and
Wolfgang
Capito
:
He
studied
also
the
Hebrew
tongue
,
and
though
he
endeavoured
by
all
means
to
conceal
himself
,
yet
was
he
forced
to
publish
his
Institutions
,
which
he
called
but
the
foundation
of
a
far
greater
work
.
The
Protestant
Princes
in
Germany
hearing
of
this
bloody
act
of
King
Francis
,
were
much
provoked
by
it
,
yet
did
the
King
at
this
time
seek
their
friendship
,
and
to
excuse
his
cruelty
,
by
the
advice
of
William
Bellaius
Langaeus
,
he
sent
them
word
that
he
had
onely
punished
certain
Anabaptists
,
Popish
lies
.
who
set
up
their
fanatick
spirits
instead
of
Scripture
,
and
shewed
themselves
contemners
of
all
Magistrates
.
Which
disgrace
put
upon
the
true
Religion
,
Mr.
Calvin
not
enduring
took
occasion
from
thence
to
publish
that
his
incomparable
book
,
prefixing
a
Preface
to
King
Francis
,
which
surely
he
never
read
,
or
else
it
would
have
provoked
him
to
have
given
a
great
wound
to
the
Babylonish
Whore
:
For
that
King
(
therein
not
like
his
Successors
)
was
a
great
weigher
of
matters
,
had
a
good
judgement
to
discern
the
Truth
,
was
a
favourer
of
Learned
men
,
and
not
altogether
estranged
from
the
Professors
of
the
Gospel
.
But
neither
he
,
nor
the
people
of
France
either
saw
,
or
heard
those
things
,
the
sinnes
of
the
King
and
people
hastning
Gods
wrath
against
them
.
Mr.
Calvin
having
published
this
book
,
&
performed
that
office
of
duty
to
his
Country
,
had
a
great
desire
to
visit
the
Dutchess
of
Ferrara
,
He
goes
to
the
Dutches
of
Ferrara
.
the
Daughter
of
Lewis
the
twelfth
of
France
,
a
woman
famous
for
her
piety
,
and
thereby
also
to
have
a
sight
of
Italy
.
To
her
therefore
he
went
,
and
endeavoured
to
confirm
her
in
the
Truth
,
so
that
she
loved
him
dearly
all
his
life
after
,
yea
even
after
his
death
honoured
his
memory
.
Returning
out
of
Italy
(
into
whose
borders
,
hee
used
to
say
,
that
he
went
,
that
he
might
return
again
)
he
came
into
France
,
where
setling
his
affairs
,
and
taking
along
with
him
his
onely
brother
,
Anthony
Calvin
,
he
intended
to
returne
to
Basill
or
Strasborough
;
He
goes
to
Geneva
.
but
all
other
waies
being
stopped
,
by
reason
of
Wars
,
he
went
to
Geneva
,
without
any
purpose
of
staying
there
.
Yet
presently
after
it
appeared
,
that
it
was
so
ordered
by
Divine
Providence
:
For
a
little
before
,
the
Gospel
of
Christ
was
almost
miraculously
brought
into
that
City
by
the
labour
and
industry
of
two
excellent
men
,
William
Farell
of
the
Delphinate
,
sometimes
a
Scholar
of
Faber
Stapulensis
,
and
Peter
Viret
,
a
Bernate
,
whose
labours
God
afterwards
wonderfully
blessed
and
prospered
.
Calvin
hearing
of
these
worthy
men
(
as
the
manner
is
amongst
the
godly
)
went
to
visit
them
,
to
whom
Mr.
Farel
(
being
a
man
indued
with
an
heroicall
spirit
)
spake
much
to
perswade
him
rather
to
stay
with
them
at
Geneva
,
then
to
goe
any
further
.
But
when
he
saw
that
perswasions
wou●d
not
prevail
,
Is
sltayed
there
.
he
said
thus
unto
him
;
I
protest
unto
thee
in
the
name
of
the
Omnipotent
God
,
that
if
thou
thus
proceedest
to
frame
excuses
,
and
wilt
not
joyn
with
us
in
this
work
of
the
Lord
,
that
the
Lord
will
curse
thee
,
as
seeking
thy
own
,
rather
then
the
things
of
Jesus
Christ
.
Calvin
being
terrified
with
this
terrible
threatning
,
submitted
to
the
judgement
of
the
Presbytery
,
and
of
the
Magistrates
,
by
whose
suffraes
,
together
with
the
consent
of
the
people
he
was
chosen
not
onely
their
Preacher
,
but
also
Professor
of
Divinity
:
The
first
he
refused
,
the
second
he
accepted
of
,
Anno
Christi
1536
,
in
the
moneth
of
August
.
Chosen
Divinity
Professor
.
1536.
This
year
became
famous
by
a
stricter
League
between
the
Bernates
,
and
the
City
of
Geneva
,
as
also
by
the
entertainment
of
the
Gospel
at
Lausanna
,
where
a
free
disputation
was
held
between
the
Pontificians
and
the
Protestants
,
at
which
Mr.
Calvin
was
present
.
Then
did
Mr.
Calvin
publish
a
certain
form
of
Christian
Doctrine
,
fitted
for
the
Church
of
Geneva
,
as
yet
scarce
crept
out
of
the
pollutions
of
Popery
.
He
added
also
a
Catechism
,
not
that
which
we
have
by
way
of
Question
and
Answer
but
one
much
shorter
,
containing
the
chief
heads
of
Religion
.
Then
did
he
,
together
with
Mr.
Farell
,
and
Caroldus
(
most
of
their
Colleagues
through
fear
forsaking
them
)
attempt
to
form
a
Church
amongst
the
Citizens
:
His
prud●nce
to
reform
Geneva
.
For
which
end
hee
proposed
,
that
all
the
people
being
gathered
together
,
shou'd
publickly
forswear
Popery
,
and
withall
should
swear
to
observe
the
Christian
Religion
,
and
Discipline
contained
in
a
few
Heads
;
which
thing
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
was
effected
Anno
Christi
1537
,
1537.
though
many
of
the
Citizens
refused
,
the
City
being
yet
scarce
free
from
the
snares
of
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
and
the
dregs
of
Popery
,
and
many
being
much
enclined
to
Factions
:
Yet
a
publick
Scribe
reading
them
,
the
Senate
and
people
of
Geneva
swore
together
to
those
heads
of
Christian
Religion
and
Discipline
.
The
Devill
being
much
enraged
at
this
excellent
work
,
having
tried
a
thousand
wayes
by
open
enemies
to
overthrow
it
,
and
not
prevailing
by
those
waies
,
he
sought
under
the
pretence
of
piety
to
destroy
it
:
Anabaptists
hinder
the
Reformation
.
stirring
up
first
the
Anabaptists
,
and
then
Peter
Carole
,
not
onely
to
disgrace
it
,
but
as
much
as
in
them
lay
,
utterly
to
have
subverted
it
.
But
the
Lord
was
wiser
,
and
stronger
then
Sathan
,
as
the
event
shewed
:
For
Calvin
with
his
Colleagues
in
a
publick
,
and
free
Disputation
,
did
with
that
gravity
out
of
the
Word
of
God
,
confute
the
Anabaptists
,
March
the
18
1537
,
that
(
which
is
seldome
seen
)
from
that
time
forwards
there
never
appeared
any
of
them
in
that
Church
.
But
the
other
disturber
of
their
Churches
peace
,
Peter
Caroli
,
caused
greater
,
and
longer
troubles
,
where
of
this
is
a
brief
account
.
This
impudent
Sophister
was
bred
in
the
Colledge
of
Sorbon
,
from
whence
at
last
he
was
cast
out
for
an
Heretick
,
whereupon
he
went
fi●st
to
Geneva
,
Peter
Carolian
Heretick
.
then
to
Lausanna
,
and
from
thence
to
Neocom
,
but
so
infected
,
and
inflamed
by
the
Devill
,
that
wheresoever
be
came
,
be
left
an
impression
of
his
foul
spirit
:
And
when
he
saw
himself
opposed
by
the
Protestants
,
he
went
to
the
Papists
,
and
from
them
to
the
Protestants
again
:
And
at
last
brake
forth
into
open
railing
against
Mr.
Farell
,
Viret
,
and
Calvin
,
as
if
they
held
some
corrupt
opinions
about
the
sacred
Trinity
.
Hereupon
there
was
a
full
Synod
assembled
at
Berne
,
A
Synod
at
Bern.
in
which
Peter
Caroli
was
condemned
for
his
calumny
,
and
thereupon
removed
.
But
shortly
alter
he
went
to
Mediomatrice
,
that
he
might
hinder
the
work
of
the
Lord
happily
there
begun
by
Mr.
Farell
:
From
thence
writing
an
Epistle
,
he
railed
upon
the
godly
,
giving
hope
to
the
Papists
that
he
would
return
to
them
againe
:
Yet
was
hee
sent
to
Rome
,
that
he
might
give
satisfaction
to
the
Pope
himself
.
There
he
was
received
with
scorn
,
Gods
judgment
on
Hereticks
.
and
being
opperessed
with
poverty
,
and
infected
with
the
French-pox
,
at
last
with
much
adoe
he
gat
into
an
Hospital
,
where
shortly
after
he
died
miserably
;
and
this
truly
was
his
unhappy
end
.
About
the
same
time
Mr.
Calvin
observing
that
there
were
many
in
France
that
knew
,
and
were
convinced
of
the
Truth
,
Calvins
care
to
reform
others
.
and
yet
indulged
themselves
,
as
if
it
were
enough
that
they
reserved
their
hearts
for
Christ
,
though
they
were
present
at
the
Popish
Services
,
published
two
elegant
Epistles
:
One
to
exhort
the
flying
of
Idolatry
,
directed
to
Gerard
Russus
,
whom
we
mentioned
before
:
The
other
of
the
Popish
Priesthood
,
directed
to
the
same
man
,
who
was
now
made
a
Bishop
,
and
was
fallen
from
his
former
zeal
.
But
whilst
Mr.
Calvin
was
thus
employed
,
he
met
with
grievous
seditions
at
home
.
The
Gospel
indeed
was
entertained
,
and
Popery
abjured
in
Geneva
;
A
sedition
at
Geneva
.
but
many
were
not
reformed
of
the
prophane
and
scandalous
courses
in
which
they
had
been
indulged
,
and
which
they
had
learned
of
the
impare
Popish
Clergy
:
and
those
ancient
feuds
which
had
sprung
up
by
reason
of
the
Savoyan
Warrs
amongst
the
chiefest
Familes
,
were
not
yet
layd
aside
.
These
at
first
were
gently
admonished
,
and
when
that
prevailed
not
,
more
sharply
reprehended
;
and
when
yet
they
continued
to
be
stubborn
,
and
refractory
,
and
that
the
City
by
the
factious
of
certaine
private
persons
was
divided
into
parties
,
so
that
by
no
means
they
would
endur●●
to
be
brought
into
that
order
to
which
they
had
been
swo●n
,
Mr.
Farel
,
Calvin
,
and
Caroldus
,
inspired
with
an
heroicall
spirit
,
did
openly
professe
that
they
could
by
no
meanes
administer
the
holy
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
to
persons
who
were
at
such
bitter
enmity
amongst
themselves
,
and
so
utterly
averse
to
all
Ecclesiastical
Discipline
.
Another
evill
that
fell
out
was
this
;
Another
evill
.
A
difference
there
was
in
some
Ecclesiastical
Rites
between
the
Bernates
and
the
Genevians
;
The
Genevians
using
common
bread
at
the
Sacrament
,
and
a
different
sort
of
Fonts
;
they
also
abolished
all
holy
daies
but
the
Lord
day
,
whereupon
the
Bernates
assembling
a
Synod
at
Lausanna
,
decreed
,
that
Waters
should
be
used
in
the
Sacrament
,
and
required
that
in
Geneva
the
same
practise
should
be
observed
:
But
the
Colledg
of
Ministers
at
Geneva
desired
that
first
they
might
be
heard
;
and
for
this
end
appointed
a
Synod
at
Zurick
.
Upon
this
occasion
the
Syndics
which
were
chosen
for
that
year
at
Geneva
(
who
for
the
time
are
the
chiefest
Magistrates
)
assembling
the
Captains
of
the
seditious
persons
,
so
farr
prevailed
(
though
Mr.
Calvin
and
his
Colleagues
interposed
,
and
desired
first
to
be
heard
)
the
greater
part
overcoming
the
better
,
that
these
three
worthy
servants
of
Christ
were
commanded
within
two
daies
to
depart
the
City
,
Calvin
is
banis●ed
.
because
(
as
was
alledged
)
they
refused
to
administer
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
.
When
this
Decree
was
brought
to
Mr.
Calvin
,
he
said
,
Truly
if
I
had
served
men
,
His
holy
speech
.
I
should
have
had
but
an
ill
reward
;
but
it
s
well
that
I
have
served
him
who
doth
alwaies
perform
to
his
servants
what
he
hath
once
promised
.
Who
would
not
now
have
thought
,
that
this
business
must
needs
have
brought
destruction
upon
the
Church
of
Geneva
?
but
the
event
shewed
the
wonderfull
wisdom
of
God
in
turning
it
to
good
;
God
above
the
Lev●●
.
partly
by
employing
the
labours
of
these
his
servants
elswhere
,
by
variety
of
experiences
to
fit
them
for
greater
employments
:
partly
that
the
seditious
persons
in
Geneva
overthrowing
themselves
by
their
own
violence
,
that
Church
might
be
purged
from
many
pollutions
.
So
wonderfull
doth
God
shew
himself
in
all
his
waies
,
especially
in
the
admirable
government
of
his
Church
.
At
the
time
appointed
,
these
three
worthy
Fathers
(
to
the
great
grief
of
all
good
men
)
left
Geneva
,
Calvin
goes
to
Zurick
,
and
so
to
Strasborough
.
and
went
to
Zurick
,
where
gathering
a
Synod
of
the
Helvetian
Churches
,
the
Synod
decreed
,
and
by
the
intercession
of
the
Bernates
,
tyred
the
mindes
of
the
Genevians
for
their
re-admission
;
but
when
that
prevailed
not
,
Calvin
went
to
Basil
,
and
from
thence
to
Strasborough
;
where
,
by
the
desire
of
the
Senate
,
and
the
importunity
of
those
bright
Stars
which
at
that
time
shined
in
that
Church
,
Bucer
,
Hedio
,
Capito
,
Niger
,
and
their
Colleagues
,
he
was
designed
to
be
the
Professor
of
Divinity
,
Is
made
Professor
of
Divinity
.
with
a
competent
salary
allowed
;
which
place
he
discharged
with
the
great
applause
of
Learned
men
;
and
by
the
consent
of
the
Senate
he
planted
the
French
Church
there
,
and
setled
Discipline
in
it
.
Thus
was
the
expectation
of
Sathan
frustrated
,
Calvin
setled
in
another
place
,
and
a
new
Church
erected
for
the
former
subverted
.
Yet
in
the
mean
time
did
not
the
Devil
cease
to
endeavour
wholly
to
eradicate
the
Church
of
Geneva
:
for
which
end
he
stirred
up
some
wicked
men
,
yet
under
the
pretence
of
piety
,
Unleavened
bread
brought
into
Geneva
.
to
bring
in
that
Decree
of
changing
common
bread
into
Wafers
;
indeed
onely
to
stirre
up
new
controversies
:
Wherein
also
Sathan
failed
not
of
his
purpose
,
many
godly
men
upon
this
occasion
abstaining
from
the
Sacrament
,
till
Mr.
Calvin
by
his
holy
Letters
had
perswaded
them
not
to
contend
for
a
thing
so
indifferent
in
it self
.
By
this
means
unleavened
bread
was
again
brought
into
use
in
the
Genevian
Church
:
Concerning
which
,
Calvin
being
afterwards
restored
,
would
never
contend
,
and
yet
withall
did
not
dissemble
his
judgement
about
the
same
.
But
behold
!
presently
after
fell
out
a
farre
greater
evill
,
1539.
Anno
Christi
1539
,
which
yet
by
the
prudent
diligence
of
Mr.
Calvin
was
quickly
extinguished
,
which
was
this
;
There
was
the
Bishop
of
Carpentoratum
,
called
James
Sadolet
,
a
man
of
great
eloquence
,
Sathans
subtilty
.
which
yet
he
abused
to
the
subversion
of
the
Truth
,
for
which
cause
he
was
made
a
Cardinall
.
This
man
seeing
the
flock
deprived
of
such
able
and
vigilant
shepherds
;
thought
it
a
fit
time
to
ensnare
them
;
for
which
end
he
wrote
Letters
under
the
pretence
of
his
neighbourhood
,
directed
to
his
dear
friends
(
as
he
called
them
)
the
Senate
Councell
,
and
people
of
Geneva
,
in
which
he
omitted
no
arguments
whereby
he
might
perswade
them
to
return
into
the
bosome
of
the
Romish
Church
.
And
at
this
time
there
was
no
man
in
Geneva
that
would
undertake
to
answer
the
same
so
that
probably
they
would
have
done
much
mischief
,
but
that
they
were
written
in
a
forraign
language
.
But
whe●
Mr.
Calvin
at
Strasborough
had
read
them
,
forgetting
all
the
wrongs
which
had
been
done
him
,
Calvin
,
care
of
Geneva
.
he
returned
an
answer
so
speedily
,
truly
,
and
eloquently
,
that
the
Cardinall
despairing
of
accomplishing
his
end
,
wholly
gave
over
his
design
.
Neither
indeed
did
Mr.
Calvin
deferre
till
this
time
the
manifesting
of
his
Pastorall
bowels
,
which
he
yet
retained
to
the
Genevians
,
especially
to
those
that
suffered
with
him
in
the
same
cause
,
as
may
appeare
by
those
excellent
Epistles
which
he
wrote
to
them
the
same
year
wherin
he
was
banished
.
Wherein
his
principall
scope
was
to
exhort
them
to
repentance
,
to
bear
with
the
wicked
,
to
maintain
peace
with
their
Pastors
,
and
to
bee
frequent
in
calling
upon
God
;
as
also
to
stirre
them
up
to
expect
light
after
those
deadly
mists
of
darknesse
,
which
he
told
them
would
follow
,
as
also
the
event
ere
long
made
to
appear
.
About
the
same
time
also
hee
published
his
Institutions
much
enlarged
,
and
his
Commentarie
upon
the
Romans
,
dedicated
to
Simon
Grynaeus
his
dear
friend
,
and
that
golden
book
of
his
concerning
the
Lords
Supper
,
which
he
made
for
the
use
of
his
French
Church
,
which
Galasius
afterwards
turned
in
Latin
.
In
which
he
handled
the
Doctrine
of
the
Sacrament
so
dextrously
,
and
learnedly
,
that
it
served
to
determine
the
unhappy
controversies
about
it
,
to
the
satisfaction
of
all
good
and
learned
men
.
Anabaptists
reclaimed
.
Neither
was
his
happinesse
lesse
in
reclaiming
many
Anabaptists
from
their
errors
,
amongst
whom
were
these
two
principall
men
,
Paul
Volsius
,
who
afterwards
was
a
Pastor
in
the
Church
of
Strasborough
:
the
other
was
John
Storder
,
who
afterwards
dying
of
the
Plagne
,
Mr
Calvin
by
the
advice
of
Bucer
married
his
Widdow
,
Calvin
matries
.
called
Idellita
,
a
very
grave
and
honest
Matron
.
In
these
studies
and
labours
did
Mr.
1541.
Calvin
continue
at
Strasborough
to
the
year
1541.
In
the
which
year
the
Emperour
Charles
the
fifth
assembled
two
Diets
,
the
one
at
Worms
,
the
other
at
Ratisbone
,
for
compounding
the
differences
about
Religion
:
At
both
which
,
He
goes
to
two
Diets
.
by
the
desire
of
the
Divines
of
Strasborough
,
Mr.
Calvin
was
present
;
o
the
great
advantage
of
the
Churches
,
especially
of
his
own
French
Congregation
,
and
where
he
was
most
lovingly
entertained
,
and
highly
prised
by
Philip
Melancthon
,
and
Gasper
Cruciger
,
so
that
Philip
called
him
His
Divine
.
Hee
also
had
much
private
conference
with
them
about
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
,
and
they
could
not
but
very
well
appove
of
his
opinion
therein
.
But
now
the
time
was
come
wherein
the
Lord
purposed
to
shew
mercy
to
his
poor
Church
at
Geneva
:
For
one
of
the
Syndics
,
who
had
promoted
the
Decree
for
their
banishment
,
did
so
misdemeane
himself
in
his
Office
,
that
being
found
guilty
of
sedition
,
whilst
he
thought
to
escape
out
at
a
window
,
being
a
fat
man
,
Gods
judgements
on
his
enemies
.
he
fell
down
,
so
bruised
himself
,
that
within
a
few
daies
after
he
died
.
Another
of
them
had
his
head
cut
off
for
a
Murther
;
the
other
two
having
done
the
Commonwealth
much
disservice
in
an
Ambassy
wherein
they
were
employed
,
were
faign
to
fly
their
Country
,
and
were
condemned
in
their
absence
.
These
evill
instruments
being
thus
removed
,
He
is
sent
for
to
Geneva
.
the
City
of
Geneva
beganne
to
call
for
their
Farell
and
Calvin
;
but
when
by
no
means
they
could
recover
Farell
from
Neocom
,
where
he
was
now
setled
,
they
used
all
their
endeavours
to
procure
Calvin
;
and
for
that
end
they
sent
Ambassadors
to
Strasborough
,
using
also
the
intercession
of
those
of
Zurick
,
to
request
that
Mr.
Calvin
might
be
sent
back
to
them
.
The
Senate
of
Strasborough
were
exceeding
unwilling
to
hearken
to
it
.
Calvin
himself
,
Hardly
obtained
.
although
he
had
not
changed
his
mind
towards
the
Genevians
for
the
miscarriages
of
some
wicked
men
,
yet
abhorring
to
enter
into
new
troubles
,
but
especially
because
he
found
the
Lord
blessing
his
Ministery
at
Strastborough
,
did
absolutely
refuse
to
return
.
Besides
Bucer
,
and
the
other
Pastors
,
did
professe
their
great
unwillingnesse
to
to
part
with
him
.
But
the
Genevians
still
pressing
hard
for
him
,
Bucer
at
last
thought
that
their
requests
should
be
condescended
to
,
at
least
for
a
time
;
which
yet
was
not
granted
by
Mr.
Calvin
himself
,
til
they
had
urged
him
with
the
judgment
of
God
in
case
he
refused
,
and
with
the
example
of
Johah
.
But
this
falling
out
just
at
the
time
when
Calvin
,
with
Bucer
was
going
to
visit
the
Diet
at
Ratisbone
,
his
return
was
delayed
for
a
time
;
and
in
the
mean
time
the
Genevians
obtained
of
the
Bernates
that
Peter
Viret
should
go
from
Lausanna
to
Geneva
;
and
indeed
this
made
Mr.
Calvin
farre
more
willing
to
return
to
Geneva
,
when
he
saw
that
he
was
to
have
such
a
Colleague
,
by
whose
labours
and
counsels
he
might
be
much
furthered
in
reforming
that
Church
.
So
after
some
moneths
Mr.
Calvin
went
to
Geneva
,
Sept.
13
,
Anno
Christi
1541
,
being
singularly
welcomed
by
the
people
,
His
returne
to
Geneva
.
1451.
and
especially
by
the
Senate
,
who
acknowledged
the
wonderfull
mercy
and
goodnesse
of
God
towards
them
,
in
restoring
him
to
them
again
.
And
whereas
the
Senate
of
Strasborough
had
decreed
that
after
a
time
he
should
returne
to
them
againe
,
they
of
Geneva
would
never
give
over
till
they
had
reversed
that
Decree
,
which
at
last
was
yeelded
to
by
them
of
Strasborough
,
yet
with
this
Proviso
,
that
that
pension
which
they
had
setled
upon
him
should
still
be
continued
to
him
;
but
Mr.
Calvin
could
never
be
perswaded
to
receive
it
,
His
self
denyall
.
caring
for
nothing
lesse
then
for
riches
.
Mr.
Calvin
being
thus
restored
to
his
Church
,
and
perceiving
that
the
City
needed
such
bridles
,
he
professed
that
he
could
not
comfortably
exercise
his
Ministry
amongst
them
,
except
together
with
the
Doctrine
of
the
Gospel
,
they
would
embrace
the
Presbyterian
Government
,
for
the
well
regulating
of
the
Church
.
Hereupon
Elders
were
chosen
,
&
a
Model
of
the
Presbyterial
Government
was
drawn
up
consonant
to
the
Word
of
God
,
and
gratefull
to
the
Citizens
,
He
settles
the
Presbyterian
Government
.
which
the
Devill
afterwards
sought
by
all
his
artifices
to
destroy
,
but
all
in
vaine
.
Hee
wrote
also
a
Catechism
in
French
and
Latine
,
not
much
different
from
the
former
,
but
much
larger
,
divided
into
Questions
and
Answers
,
which
indeed
was
an
admirable
peece
,
and
found
such
approbation
and
entertainment
abroad
,
that
it
was
turned
into
High-Dutch
,
English
,
Scottish
,
Low-Dutch
,
Spanish
,
yea
and
Immanuel
Tremelius
turned
it
into
Hebrew
,
and
Henry
Stevens
turned
it
into
Greek
also
.
His
great
labours
.
His
ordinary
labours
were
these
.
Every
other
Sabbath
he
preached
twice
,
Munday
,
Tuesday
,
and
Wednesday
,
he
read
his
Divinity
Lectures
.
Every
Thursday
he
assisted
in
the
Consistory
for
the
exercise
of
Ecclesiasticall
Discipline
.
On
Fridaies
he
read
a
Lecture
for
the
clearing
of
some
hard
places
of
Scripture
.
Besides
which
,
he
wrote
many
Commentaries
upon
the
Scriptures
:
Answered
many
adversaries
to
the
Truth
;
wrote
many
Letters
to
sundry
places
,
of
advice
,
and
direction
,
in
weighty
businesses
.
So
that
we
have
cause
to
wonder
how
it
was
possible
for
one
man
to
undergoe
so
many
businesses
.
He
made
very
much
use
of
Farel
and
Viret
,
and
yet
himself
contributed
much
more
to
them
.
And
truly
their
familiarity
as
it
was
much
envyed
by
the
wicked
,
so
it
was
very
gratefull
to
all
good
men
.
And
it
was
a
very
pleasant
sight
to
behold
these
three
men
,
so
famous
in
the
Church
,
and
all
agreeing
in
the
Work
of
the
Lord
,
and
yet
so
excelling
in
severall
gifts
of
the
Spirit
.
Farell
exceeded
in
a
certain
greatnesse
of
mind
,
whose
thundering
Sermons
could
not
be
heard
without
trembling
,
and
whose
ardent
prayers
would
lift
a
man
up
into
Heaven
.
Viret
did
so
excell
in
sweet
Eloquence
,
that
he
chained
his
hearers
to
his
lips
.
Calvin
,
look
how
many
words
he
spake
,
with
so
many
grave
and
pithy
sentences
he
filled
the
minds
of
his
hearers
:
So
that
(
saith
Mr.
Beza
)
I
often
thought
that
the
gifts
of
these
three
men
meeting
in
one
,
A
compleat
Preacher
.
would
make
up
a
compleat
Pastor
.
Besides
the
●orementioned
labours
of
Mr.
Calvin
,
he
had
also
the
charge
and
businesse
of
a
Family
to
look
after
〈◊〉
besides
many
forraign
businesses
;
for
God
so
blessed
his
Minister
,
that
from
all
parts
of
the
Christian
World
hee
was
sought
to
,
He
is
much
sought
to
.
partly
for
advice
in
matters
of
Religion
,
and
partly
to
hear
him
pr●ach
:
So
that
at
the
same
time
there
was
an
Italian
Church
,
an
English
Church
,
and
a
Spanish
Church
,
besides
the
Church
of
Geneva
,
that
that
City
seemed
too
●●t●le
to
entertaine
all
that
came
to
it
for
his
sake
.
Thus
,
though
he
was
loved
of
the
good
,
and
feared
of
the
wicked
;
and
things
were
excellently
setled
;
Yet
hee
did
meet
with
many
oppositions
for
the
exercise
of
his
Graces
:
For
as
soon
as
he
returned
to
Geneva
being
mindful
of
that
saying
of
our
Saviour
,
Seek
first
the
Kingdom
of
God
,
●nd
his
righteousnesse
,
and
all
other
things
shall
be
added
unto
you
;
His
first
,
and
chiefest
care
was
by
the
consent
of
the
Senate
to
settle
such
an
Ecclesiasticall
Polity
as
was
most
consonant
to
the
Word
of
God
:
From
which
afterwards
it
should
not
bee
lawfull
either
for
the
Ministers
or
people
to
recede
.
But
before
proof
was
made
of
it
,
not
onely
some
of
the
common
people
,
but
even
of
the
chief
men
that
had
cast
off
Popery
,
and
given
their
names
onely
to
Christ
,
shewed
their
hatred
against
it
.
Yea
some
of
those
Ministers
which
continued
there
when
these
3
good
men
were
cast
out
(
though
the
chiefest
of
them
afterward
left
their
stations
)
being
found
guilty
of
sundry
wickednesses
)
although
(
being
convinced
in
their
consciences
,
they
du●st
not
oppose
it
,
yet
)
underhand
they
manifested
their
dislike
of
it
,
and
would
by
no
meanes
be
brought
into
order
:
and
that
pretending
the
example
of
other
Churches
,
wherein
no
Excommunication
was
used
.
The
Presbyter
Government
kickt
at
.
Yea
some
of
them
cryed
out
that
it
would
introduce
the
Popish
tyranny
again
.
But
Mr.
Calvin
overcame
these
diffi●ulties
by
his
const●ncy
,
joyned
with
singular
moderation
;
shewing
that
not
onely
the
true
Doctrine
,
but
Ecclesiasticall
Discipline
was
also
to
be
fetched
out
of
the
Word
of
God
,
It
s
vindicated
by
him
.
and
that
his
had
the
approbation
of
the
most
learned
men
(
of
that
age
,
as
Oecolampadius
,
Zuinglius
,
Zuichius
,
Melanthon
,
Bucer
,
Cap●to
,
and
Myconius
,
which
he
proved
out
of
their
writings
:
Withall
telling
them
that
other
Christian
Churches
were
not
to
be
condemned
which
had
not
proceeded
so
far
,
not
those
Pastors
which
found
that
their
people
needed
not
such
a
bridle
:
And
lastly
shewing
what
a
vast
difference
there
was
between
the
Popish
Tyranny
,
and
the
easie
yoak
of
the
Lord
:
So
that
he
at
last
obtained
that
his
Discipline
was
written
,
read
,
and
confirmed
by
the
Suffrages
of
the
people
,
and
generally
received
,
Novemb.
the
twentieth
1541.
But
though
these
things
were
so
happily
carried
on
,
yet
Mr.
Calvin
,
considering
that
he
was
like
to
meet
with
some
difficulties
in
the
exercise
of
it
,
did
his
utmost
endeavour
that
Viret
,
who
was
only
lent
them
by
the
Bernates
for
a
time
,
and
Farel
,
who
was
now
setled
at
Neocom
,
might
be
joyned
with
him
as
his
perpetuall
Fellow-Pastors
;
but
he
could
not
possibly
effect
it
:
Viret
presently
after
returning
to
Lausan●●
,
and
Farell
remaining
at
Neocome
,
so
that
the
whole
praise
of
se●●ing
the
Genevian
Church
is
due
to
Mr.
Calvin
alone
.
The
year
following
,
viz.
1542
,
1542.
He
comforts
the
persecuted
.
Mr.
Calvin
met
with
many
afflictions
,
some
at
home
,
but
especially
by
the
enflamed
fury
of
the
adversaries
of
the
Truth
abroad
,
in
France
and
Italy
,
whence
they
d●●ve
away
many
Professors
of
the
Gospel
,
for
the
comforting
of
whom
,
he
layd
out
himself
excedingly
,
writing
many
encouraging
Letters
every
way
,
both
to
those
that
were
escaped
,
and
to
those
also
that
yet
remained
within
the
reach
of
the
Lions
jaws
.
The
same
year
also
there
fell
out
two
other
great
evils
,
〈◊〉
and
Pestitence
its
usuall
companion
;
Famine
and
Pestilence
.
and
at
this
time
the
custom
of
Geneva
was
,
that
such
as
were
infected
with
the
Pestilence
,
should
bee
removed
into
an
Hospitall
out
of
the
City
,
where
,
being
in
need
of
a
constant
and
sedulous
Pastor
,
when
,
by
reason
of
the
danger
most
men
refused
it
,
there
were
three
that
offered
themselves
,
viz.
Calvin
,
Sebastian
Castali●
,
and
Blanchet
;
and
Lots
being
cast
between
these
three
,
it
fell
upon
Castalio
,
who
notwithstanding
his
former
forwardnesse
,
now
shamefully
drew
back
,
and
refused
it
;
and
when
Calvin
would
have
cast
Lots
again
,
the
Senate
,
and
Blanchet
(
who
now
took
this
work
upon
him
)
would
not
suffer
it
.
Sathans
malice
About
this
time
also
other
mischiefs
fell
out
;
for
Peter
Tossanus
,
the
Pastor
of
Montbelgard
,
was
much
troubled
about
the
controversie
of
the
Lords
Supper
;
And
at
Basill
,
where
the
foundation
of
Church
Government
was
scarce
layd
(
do
Myconius
what
he
could
to
the
contrary
)
it
was
by
some
evill
affected
persons
subverted
;
and
both
these
men
had
recourse
to
Mr.
Calvin
for
his
counsel
.
And
at
Neocome
,
though
Mr.
Farel
laboured
with
good
successe
,
yet
the
work
of
the
Lord
was
much
obstructed
,
partly
by
open
force
,
and
partly
by
that
Apostate
Peter
Caroli
,
of
whom
we
spake
before
;
about
which
businesse
we
may
discern
Mr.
Calvins
labours
,
partly
by
his
printed
Letters
,
and
partly
by
the
testimony
of
such
as
were
eye-witnesses
of
it
.
Popish
impudence
.
But
there
was
a
farre
more
audacious
act
of
the
Sorbonists
at
this
time
,
who
neither
having
authority
from
God
nor
man
,
yet
dared
to
impose
sundry
Articles
of
Christian
Religion
,
as
they
called
them
,
but
such
indeed
as
were
stuffed
with
so
many
errors
,
and
fooleries
,
wherein
that
society
of
men
did
abound
,
as
that
it
is
a
wonder
how
any
man
that
had
the
use
of
reason
should
assent
thereunto
;
yet
many
,
partly
through
fear
,
and
partly
through
ignorance
,
subscribed
them
.
Wherefore
Mr.
Calvin
answered
them
,
He
answers
the
Sorbonists
.
learnedly
confuting
their
errors
by
solid
arguments
,
and
so
set
forth
their
fooleries
,
that
every
man
which
was
not
wilfully
blind
might
easily
discern
the
same
.
Thus
ended
this
year
,
to
which
the
next
succeeded
,
1543.
no
whit
mi●der
▪
either
in
regard
of
the
famine
or
pestilence
,
which
infested
all
Savoy
;
and
Master
Calvin
proceeding
according
to
his
accustomed
manner
,
confirmed
his
owne
at
home
,
and
strongly
opposed
the
adversaries
abroad
;
publishing
his
four
books
about
free-will
,
which
he
dedicated
to
Phil.
Melancthon
,
against
Albert
Pighius
,
the
greatest
Sophister
of
his
age
,
and
who
had
singled
out
Calvin
for
his
antagonist
,
being
promised
a
Cardinals
hat
if
he
could
carry
away
the
victory
from
him
.
He
answers
Pighius
.
But
being
frustrated
of
his
labour
,
he
gat
that
which
the
enemies
of
the
truth
only
deserve
,
viz.
That
he
stanke
amongst
learned
and
good
men
,
himself
being
deceived
by
the
Divel
.
How
much
Melancthon
esteemed
of
those
books
of
Master
Calvin
,
himself
testifies
in
his
Epistles
which
are
in
print
.
Master
Calvin
also
the
same
year
wrote
to
the
Church
at
Montbelgard
,
whereby
the
mouths
of
calumniators
may
be
stopped
,
who
accuse
him
of
too
much
rigidness
in
the
exercise
of
Ecclesiasticall
Discipline
.
The
year
following
,
1544.
which
was
Anno
Christi
,
1544.
Castali●'●
errors
.
Master
Calvin
declared
his
opinion
about
the
purpose
of
the
Church
of
Neocome
in
Ecclesiasticall
censures
;
and
at
home
Sebastian
Castalio
,
whom
we
mentioned
before
,
being
a
light
man
,
and
very
ambitious
,
having
translated
the
New
Testament
into
French
,
was
exceedingly
displeased
that
Master
Calvin
did
not
approve
of
it
;
yea
,
he
grew
so
angry
,
that
he
vented
divers
errors
,
and
not
consent
therewith
,
he
publikely
preached
that
the
Canticles
of
Solomon
was
an
impure
and
obscaene
song
,
and
therefore
would
needs
have
if
expunged
out
of
the
sacred
Canon
;
and
because
the
Ministers
opposed
him
,
he
railed
exceedingly
against
them
;
which
they
judging
unfit
for
them
to
bear
called
him
before
the
Senate
,
where
being
heard
with
much
patience
,
His
punishment
.
he
was
at
last
condemned
of
slanders
,
and
commanded
to
depart
out
of
the
City
.
From
thence
he
went
to
Basil
,
where
being
at
last
admitted
.
what
his
carriage
was
there
,
is
besides
my
purpose
.
The
year
before
the
Emperor
Charles
the
fifth
being
to
war
against
the
King
of
France
,
had
promised
the
Germans
that
they
should
not
be
molested
for
their
Religion
,
till
a
generall
councill
should
be
called
,
which
as
he
told
them
,
he
would
take
care
to
be
effected
.
This
the
Pope
Paul
the
third
was
much
incensed
at
,
and
published
an
harsh
expostulation
against
the
Emperor
,
because
he
had
equalized
the
Hereticks
with
the
Catholicks
,
and
had
thrust
his
sickle
into
another
●●●ans
harvest
:
The
Emperour
answered
,
That
which
he
thought
to
be
reason
:
But
Master
Calvin
,
because
he
saw
in
the
Popes
Letters
,
that
the
truth
of
the
Gospel
did
suffer
,
together
with
the
innocency
of
good
men
,
He
confutes
the
Pope
.
took
him
up
very
roundly
,
and
repressed
his
impudence
.
At
this
time
a
Diet
was
assembled
at
Spires
,
upon
which
occasion
Calvin
published
the
Book
Of
the
necessity
of
reforming
the
Church
,
then
which
that
age
produced
not
a
book
of
that
subject
,
that
was
more
weighty
and
nervous
.
The
same
year
also
Master
Calvin
in
two
books
did
so
confute
the
Anabaptists
and
Libertines
(
who
had
revived
the
monstrous
heresies
of
former
ages
)
that
whosoever
read
them
,
He
confutes
the
●n●baptists
and
Libertines
.
except
he
was
willing
to
it
,
could
not
be
deceived
by
them
,
and
they
which
had
been
formerly
deceived
could
not
but
be
reclaimed
to
the
truth
Yet
the
Queen
of
Navar
was
offended
with
his
book
against
the
Libertines
,
being
so
bewitched
with
two
of
the
chief
Patrons
of
that
heresie
;
Quintinus
and
Pocquetus
,
whom
Calvin
had
noted
by
name
,
that
though
she
was
not
otherwise
tainted
with
their
errors
,
yet
she
had
a
great
opinion
that
they
were
good
men
,
and
therefore
took
her selfe
to
be
wounded
through
their
sides
:
which
when
Master
Calvin
understood
,
he
wrote
to
her
with
admirable
moderation
,
He
pacifies
the
Q.
of
Navar
.
as
not
unmindfull
of
her
dignity
,
nor
of
all
the
good
she
had
done
for
the
Church
of
God
,
and
yet
withall
as
became
a
faithfull
servant
of
Jesus
Christ
;
he
reprehended
her
imprudence
for
admitting
such
men
,
and
asserted
the
authority
of
his
Ministry
,
and
he
so
far
prevailed
,
that
the
men
of
that
abominable
sect
of
Libertines
,
which
began
apace
to
flock
into
France
,
afterwards
kept
themselves
in
Holland
and
the
Countries
adjacent
.
The
labours
of
this
year
being
finish●d
,
the
succeeding
year
being
1545
,
1545.
brought
new
and
greater
labours
with
it
:
For
the
Plague
increasing
in
the
City
,
and
neighbour
Villages
,
seemed
as
if
it
would
devour
all
before
it
,
and
coveteousness
so
prevailed
with
the
poor
people
,
who
were
imployed
to
attend
the
rich
in
their
sickness
,
The
plague
dipe●sed
by
wicked
persons
and
to
cleanse
their
houses
,
that
by
an
horrible
conspiracy
amongst
themselves
,
with
a
pestilentious
ointment
,
they
anointed
the
posts
,
thresholds
and
doors
of
many
houses
,
whereby
a
more
grievous
pestilence
ensued
;
and
these
wicked
instruments
of
the
Divel
had
bound
themselves
to
Sathan
by
an
oath
,
They
are
punished
.
that
by
no
torments
they
shou●d
confess
their
wickedness
:
Yet
many
of
them
being
taken
in
the
City
and
villages
,
were
punished
according
to
their
deserts
.
It
s
almost
incredible
what
envy
and
reproach
this
act
brought
upon
Geneva
,
and
especial●y
upon
Master
Calvin
,
as
if
the
Divel
should
rule
there
altogether
,
where
he
was
most
opposed
.
This
year
was
also
infamous
by
that
abominable
and
cruel
Edict
which
the
Parliament
of
Aquitane
set
forth
against
the
poor
Waldenses
of
Merindol
,
Cabriers
,
Popish
cruelty
against
the
Waldenses
.
and
those
parts
,
whereby
most
unheard-of
cruelties
were
exercised
,
not
against
some
few
,
but
against
all
of
them
,
without
any
distinction
of
ages
or
sex
,
yea
to
the
very
burning
of
their
Towns
.
Some
of
these
that
escaped
flying
to
Geneva
,
Master
Calvin
was
the
more
afflicted
for
them
,
and
carefull
of
them
,
because
a
little
before
he
had
written
consolatory
Letters
to
them
,
and
sent
them
faithfull
Pastors
for
the
instructing
of
them
purely
out
of
the
Gospel
,
and
had
also
(
where
they
were
in
danger
before
)
preserved
them
by
his
intercession
to
the
Germane
Princes
,
and
Helvetians
.
The
unhappy
controversie
also
of
the
Lords
Supper
sprange
up
again
;
Osiander
,
a
man
of
a
proud
and
monstrous
wit
,
reviving
it
out
of
the
ashes
:
Osianders
errors
.
For
the
quenching
of
which
flame
Master
Calvin
did
what
possibly
he
could
,
as
may
appear
by
his
Letters
which
he
wrote
to
Melancthon
about
the
same
.
But
the
intemperancy
of
Osiander
was
such
,
that
he
would
by
no
means
hearken
to
the
wholsome
counsell
that
was
given
him
by
those
two
men
.
Plague
continued
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Plague
still
raging
in
the
City
,
took
away
many
good
men
:
Whereupon
Master
Calvin
out
of
the
Pulpit
thundred
against
many
wickednesses
,
especially
against
whoredom
,
He
thunders
against
sin
.
which
was
not
laid
aside
,
notwithstanding
that
judgement
of
God
amongst
them
.
Good
men
assented
to
this
which
Master
Calvin
spake
,
but
some
there
were
of
the
great
men
of
the
City
,
which
hindred
the
reformation
hereof
,
till
at
last
they
ruined
themselves
thereby
:
And
to
all
these
evils
this
was
added
to
compleat
them
,
that
now
(
though
very
unseasonable
)
the
controversie
about
the
priviledges
of
the
City
sprang
up
,
neither
could
the
faithfull
Pastors
be
suffered
to
dispose
of
the
Ecclesiasticall
goods
taken
from
the
Pontificians
,
as
they
ought
to
be
.
About
this
business
were
many
clamours
,
many
complaints
,
and
much
pains
taken
by
writing
,
and
conference
,
but
they
proved
all
in
vain
;
whereupon
Master
Calvin
did
publickly
profess
,
He
abhors
Sacriledge
.
that
he
could
not
endure
so
many
sacriledges
which
he
knew
would
at
the
length
be
severely
punished
by
God
,
yet
withall
,
he
acknowledged
the
justice
of
God
,
in
that
the
goods
which
were
formerly
so
unjustly
gotten
by
the
Mas●-Priests
,
God
would
not
suffer
them
to
be
brought
into
the
Churches
Treasury
.
Master
Calvin
yet
met
with
two
more
things
which
did
afflict
him
this
year
.
A
wicked
fellow
was
returned
to
Geneva
,
his
own
Country
,
who
for
a
time
had
lived
as
an
Hermite
in
France
.
This
man
pretending
to
the
reformed
Religion
,
A
Hermi●es
wickedness
.
Master
Calvin
(
who
was
very
acute
in
prying
into
mens
minds
,
and
manners
)
taking
notice
of
him
,
admonished
him
first
gently
,
and
afterwards
more
freely
,
and
at
last
reproved
him
for
carrying
himselfe
more
proudly
in
the
Congregation
then
beseemed
him
.
The
man
not
bearing
this
,
easily
found
out
such
as
had
been
reproved
for
their
wickedness
by
Master
Calvin
,
by
whose
favour
and
help
he
might
be
assisted
;
so
that
a
Pastor
being
to
bee
chosen
in
the
room
of
one
that
was
dead
,
this
man
by
the
help
of
his
companions
,
sought
the
place
▪
and
so
far
prevailed
that
the
Senate
commanded
that
in
the
Election
regard
should
be
had
of
him
.
Master
Calvin
with
his
Colleagues
opposed
it
,
shewing
how
far
this
his
seeking
to
intrude
himself
was
dissonant
from
the
word
of
God
,
and
at
length
obtained
of
the
Senate
,
that
they
should
proceed
in
their
Election
according
to
the
Ecclesiasticall
constitutions
so
merly
agreed
on
.
At
this
same
time
also
there
were
many
in
France
,
who
being
falne
at
first
through
sear
of
persecution
,
began
at
last
to
please
themselves
with
this
conceit
,
that
it
was
no
sin
to
be
present
with
their
bodies
at
the
Popish
services
,
so
they
kept
the
true
Religion
in
their
hearts
.
The
Nicodemites
.
This
pernicious
error
was
long
since
condemned
by
the
Fathers
:
Against
these
Master
Calvin
wrote
,
and
confuted
that
error
;
and
because
these
persons
thought
him
too
rigid
,
he
adjoyned
to
his
own
,
the
opinions
of
these
learned
and
godly
Divines
,
Philip
Melancthon
,
Bucer
,
Peter
Martyr
,
and
the
Church
of
Zurick
,
so
that
the
name
of
these
Nicodemites
stark
amongst
all
good
men
,
for
so
were
they
called
who
cloaked
their
errors
with
his
example
.
The
next
year
,
1546.
being
1546.
proved
nothing
milder
then
the
former
.
Geneva
in
danger
.
For
frequent
intelligence
came
of
the
preparations
of
the
Emperor
,
and
the
Popes
frauds
against
the
Protestants
:
Wherefore
Mr.
Calvin
judged
it
necessary
to
confirm
the
mindes
of
the
Citizens
against
the
terrour
of
these
reports
,
especially
considering
the
impudency
of
many
wicked
men
,
who
were
so
farre
from
being
curbed
by
all
the
bridles
of
Ecclesiasticall
Discipline
,
that
on
the
contrary
they
raged
the
more
,
and
sought
to
break
them
all
in
sunder
.
These
men
having
gotten
one
Amedius
Perrinus
,
Perrins
wickedness
.
a
vain
,
bold
,
and
ambitious
man
,
for
their
Captaine
;
(
for
indeed
he
had
long
before
procured
to
be
chosen
the
Captaine
General
by
the
Suffrages
of
the
people
,
)
This
man
supposing
(
as
the
truth
was
)
that
neither
he
,
nor
such
like
himselfe
could
stand
whilst
the
Ecclesiasticall
Laws
were
in
force
,
and
especially
whilst
Mr.
Calvin
did
so
thunder
against
their
lasciviousnesse
,
beganne
now
to
discover
what
he
,
and
his
associates
had
been
long
contriving
;
which
being
taken
notice
of
,
and
speedily
prevented
by
the
authority
of
the
Senate
,
hee
indeed
held
his
peace
,
but
the
contrived
wickednesse
presently
brake
out
more
openly
.
For
shortly
after
one
of
the
Senators
in
a
publick
assembly
of
the
people
blamed
Calvin
as
one
that
taught
false
Doctrine
;
Calvin
accused
sub●●ned
(
as
was
supposed
)
hereunto
privately
by
two
of
the
Colledge
of
Pastors
,
both
of
them
being
Drunkards
and
therefore
no
whit
lesse
fearing
the
severity
of
the
Laws
then
the
others
forementioned
.
But
Mr.
Calvin
made
little
account
of
this
barking
.
Yet
this
man
that
thus
accused
him
,
was
called
before
the
Senate
and
his
cause
being
heard
,
was
condemned
for
slander
,
and
those
two
drunken
Ministers
which
had
set
him
on
,
His
enemies
punished
.
were
removed
out
of
their
places
being
forbidden
going
into
Taverns
:
Whereby
we
see
,
that
the
wickedness
of
the
wicked
returns
upon
his
own
pate
.
The
troubles
of
this
year
being
thus
ended
,
1547.
the
next
year
,
which
was
1547
,
The
German
Church
n●●
grea●
danger
.
proved
far
world
,
indeed
that
Age
saw
not
a
more
calamitous
time
then
that
was
;
The
Churches
of
Germany
seeming
utterly
subverted
,
the
Protest
in
Princes
taken
,
and
Cities
yeelding
up
themselves
,
after
so
gr●at
labour
used
,
and
so
great
difficulties
passed
through
in
planting
the
Gospel
amongst
them
,
with
what
great
grief
the
godly
soul
of
Mr.
Calvin
was
afflicted
for
the
desolations
of
the
Churches
is
not
easie
to
express
,
His
tender
affections
to
them
.
especially
if
we
consider
that
great
affection
which
he
bore
to
them
,
though
farre
remote
from
him
,
which
indeed
was
no
other
then
if
he
had
bore
them
all
upon
his
shoulders
.
And
indeed
he
was
wonderfully
grieved
when
he
heard
of
those
holy
men
,
his
worthy
friends
Philip
Melancthon
,
Bucer
,
Peter
Martyr
,
&c.
in
so
great
danger
that
they
seemed
nearer
death
than
life
.
But
yet
,
that
Mr.
Calvin
bore
up
with
a
valiant
mind
in
this
tempest
appeares
both
by
his
writings
and
by
his
carriage
,
for
being
much
vexed
at
home
by
sundry
wicked
men
,
yet
would
he
not
start
at
all
from
his
fixed
course
.
To
speak
somewhat
of
his
domestick
troubles
,
Mr.
Calvin
wholly
imploying
himself
to
shew
,
that
the
life
of
Christianity
did
not
so
much
consist
in
vain
speculation
as
in
practise
,
he
necessarily
met
with
those
enemies
which
did
not
onely
oppose
all
piety
,
and
honesty
,
but
threatened
warre
to
their
own
country
:
The
chief
of
these
was
that
Perrinus
before
mentioned
,
who
with
his
companions
had
brought
themselves
into
this
condition
,
that
they
must
needs
use
extremity
;
P●●ins
wickednesse
.
for
which
end
they
appealed
from
the
Presbytery
to
the
Senate
.
The
Presbytery
on
the
contrary
pleaded
their
Ecclesiastical
Constitutions
,
agreeable
to
the
Word
of
God
,
and
setled
by
Authority
;
and
therefore
they
desired
the
Senate
that
their
priviledges
might
not
be
infringed
.
The
Senate
concluded
that
the
Ecclesiastical
Laws
being
established
,
ought
not
to
be
violated
.
But
when
this
audacious
fellow
would
not
otherwise
be
ruled
,
the
Senate
decreed
that
he
should
be
deposed
from
his
Oaptainship
,
and
live
a
private
life
.
He
is
punished
.
Though
all
these
things
were
transacted
before
the
Senate
,
yet
was
Mr.
Calvin
wonderfully
afflicted
by
them
;
for
once
upon
a
publick
hearing
;
there
was
such
a
tumult
raised
,
that
they
were
very
neare
imbruing
their
hands
each
in
others
blood
;
which
sedition
Calvin
with
his
Colleagues
hearing
of
,
interposed
themselves
,
though
it
was
with
the
perill
of
his
life
(
the
faction
of
the
wicked
being
most
against
him
)
and
stopped
it
.
Yet
these
men
proceeding
in
their
wickednesse
,
hated
him
the
more
for
it
.
So
that
Mr.
Calvin
sharply
reproved
them
for
it
in
his
Sermons
;
and
Gods
judgements
threatned
by
him
proved
not
in
vain
:
For
one
of
them
writing
an
infamous
Libel
,
and
affixing
it
to
his
pulpit
,
wherein
were
contained
many
railings
against
the
sacred
Ministery
,
and
particularly
against
Mr.
Calvin
,
that
he
deserved
to
be
thrown
into
the
River
of
Rhodanus
:
This
man
being
apprehended
and
convicted
of
these
,
and
many
other
horrid
blasphemies
,
had
hi●
head
cut
off
.
And
after
his
death
there
was
another
Libell
found
written
by
his
owne
hand
,
containing
blaspemies
against
Moses
,
and
Christ
himself
,
with
which
impiety
there
was
no
doubt
but
that
he
had
infected
others
At
this
very
very
time
,
He
writes
against
Trent
.
and
in
the
middest
of
these
troubles
,
Mr.
Calvin
wrote
his
Antidote
against
the
seven
Sessions
of
the
Councell
of
Trent
.
He
also
sending
Letters
to
the
Church
of
Christ
in
Roan
,
confirmed
them
against
the
fraud
of
a
certain
F●anciscan
Fryer
,
who
had
spread
the
poysonsom
Doctrines
of
the
Libertines
and
Carpocratians
amongst
them
.
The
year
following
,
1548.
which
was
1548
,
the
evill
of
the
aforenamed
faction
in
(
eneva
brake
forth
againe
:
The
Devill
(
which
is
almost
incredible
)
abusing
those
persons
to
be
instruments
thereof
,
who
indeed
were
the
greatest
enemies
to
it
,
Sa
hans
subtilty
.
viz.
Farel
,
and
Viret
.
These
men
comming
to
Geneva
made
o
grave
Oration
in
the
Senate
about
composing
their
differences
.
Mr.
Calvin
requiring
nothing
but
that
those
men
should
mend
their
manners
,
and
Perrinus
with
his
associates
pro●si●ng
any
thing
,
so
he
might
be
restored
to
his
former
place
.
For
Perrinus
being
restored
to
his
place
,
he
,
and
his
wicked
companions
grew
so
impudent
,
that
they
cut
their
cloathes
crosse
on
their
breasts
that
they
might
know
each
other
;
others
of
them
called
their
dogs
by
the
name
of
Calvin
:
Others
instead
of
Calvin
called
him
Cain
:
Calvin
reproached
.
others
out
of
an
hatred
to
Mr.
Calvin
,
professed
that
they
would
not
come
to
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
.
All
which
Mr.
Calvin
and
his
Colleagues
did
boldly
,
An
Amnesty
.
and
faithfully
reprove
,
and
when
they
were
called
before
the
Senate
,
the
innocency
of
the
good
men
easily
carried
away
the
victory
.
So
that
the
Amnestie
[
or
forgetfulnesse
of
wrongs
]
was
solemnly
sworn
to
Decemb.
18
But
it
afterwards
appeared
that
all
this
was
done
thorough
dissimulation
,
and
that
Perrin
sought
nothing
thereby
,
but
to
be
chosen
a
Syndic
,
that
he
,
and
his
might
by
that
meanes
have
the
more
liberty
to
act
all
their
wickednesse
,
as
the
event
declared
.
Mr.
Calvin
in
the
midst
of
these
broils
,
was
so
farre
from
giving
over
his
accustomed
labours
,
that
(
as
if
nothing
had
molested
him
)
hee
wrote
learned
Commentaries
upon
six
of
Pauls
Epistles
;
as
also
by
weighty
Arguments
confuted
the
Interim
,
which
was
published
for
the
destruction
of
the
German
Churches
,
He
confutes
the
Interim
.
shewing
withall
the
right
course
for
the
restoring
of
those
Churches
.
He
discovered
also
in
a
book
the
vanity
,
and
falshood
of
Judiciall
Astrology
,
which
many
beganne
now
to
give
too
much
heed
to
;
And
Astrologers
.
and
being
saluted
by
Letter
from
Brentius
,
now
in
exile
he
wrote
consolatory
Letters
to
him
,
in
which
friendship
it
had
been
happy
if
Brentius
had
continued
.
Bucer
also
being
a
banished
man
in
England
at
this
time
,
Calvin
wrote
to
him
to
declare
and
open
his
mind
more
fully
about
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
,
and
comforted
him
in
a
most
friendly
manner
.
He
also
wrote
Letters
of
advice
to
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
,
He
writes
into
England
.
now
Protector
of
England
(
who
afterwards
suffered
an
unworthy
death
)
about
such
matters
,
as
if
his
counsell
had
been
hearkened
to
,
it
had
been
happy
for
England
,
and
perhaps
the
Church
there
had
happily
avoyded
many
of
those
storms
which
afterwards
befell
it
.
In
the
midst
of
these
contencions
the
Church
of
Geneva
did
wonderfully
encrease
,
The
Church
increas●th
in
troubles
.
which
did
exceedingly
torment
the
Devill
and
his
instruments
,
and
Mr.
Calvin
was
very
solicitous
to
entertain
,
and
provide
for
such
as
were
banished
for
the
name
of
Christ
:
Which
care
of
his
it
pleased
God
to
bless
the
year
following
,
that
the
fury
of
those
wicked
men
,
1549.
though
it
was
not
quite
extinct
,
yet
for
the
present
it
was
layd
asleep
:
And
truly
hee
had
need
of
such
a
truce
,
being
grievously
afflicted
with
a
domestick
accident
:
For
at
this
time
he
lost
his
dear
Wife
,
His
wife
dies
.
a
very
choice
woman
;
yet
did
he
bear
this
accident
with
such
constancy
,
that
therein
he
gave
an
excellent
example
of
fortitude
to
the
whole
Church
.
The
same
year
there
arose
a
great
contention
in
the
Saxon
Church
about
things
indifferent
:
Whereupon
sending
to
Mr.
Calvin
for
his
judgement
,
he
freely
declared
his
opinion
to
them
.
He
also
admonished
Melancthon
of
his
duty
,
whom
some
accused
for
too
much
softnes
in
this
point
;
but
Master
Calvin
afterwards
found
it
to
be
a
false
charge
.
For
at
this
time
,
it
was
unknowne
with
what
minde
and
spirit
the
whole
troop
of
Flaccians
were
carried
,
The
Flaccians
.
which
afterwards
raised
such
great
troubles
to
the
Church
,
and
were
acted
with
such
fury
and
impudence
,
as
if
they
had
been
hired
by
the
Pope
of
Rome
,
to
carry
on
his
cause
.
But
it
pleased
God
to
compensate
this
wound
inflicted
upon
the
Churches
of
Germany
,
A
sweet
concord
.
by
a
great
blessing
upon
the
Helvetians
:
For
Farel
aud
Calvin
going
to
Zurick
,
when
many
thought
that
Master
Calvin
did
too
much
favour
the
Doctrine
of
Consubstantiation
,
in
a
Synod
of
all
the
Helvetian
and
Rhetian
Churches
,
he
shewed
his
agreement
with
them
;
and
indeed
there
was
no
great
difficulty
to
bring
good
men
and
lovers
of
the
truth
into
an
harmonious
concord
.
This
agreement
of
the
Helvetian
and
Rhetians
Churches
was
written
,
which
did
more
and
more
unite
Bullinger
and
Calvin
,
and
the
Church
of
Zurick
with
that
of
Geneva
.
Master
Calvin
also
about
this
time
wrote
two
learned
Epistles
to
Laelius
Socinus
,
He
writes
to
L.
Socinus
.
the
poyson
of
whose
opinions
did
not
appear
till
after
his
death
;
for
in
his
life
time
,
going
through
the
Churches
,
he
had
deceived
Melancthon
,
Calvin
and
Camerarius
;
but
afterwards
it
appeared
,
that
he
had
much
favoured
Servetus
,
Castellio
,
and
Ochin
,
and
their
mad
opinions
:
for
his
Commentary
upon
the
first
chapter
of
John
coming
forth
,
shewed
that
he
went
beyond
the
impiety
of
all
those
Hereticks
,
which
had
corrupted
the
most
Divine
portion
of
Scripture
.
Anno
Christi
1550
succeeding
,
1550.
the
Church
of
Christ
enjoyed
peace
,
Peace
in
the
Church
.
and
then
it
was
decreed
in
Geneva
,
Ministers
pattern
.
that
the
Ministers
,
not
onely
in
their
Sermons
,
which
many
neglected
,
and
others
heard
with
small
profit
;
But
from
house
to
house
at
many
seasons
of
the
year
should
divide
the
City
amongst
them
,
and
require
of
every
family
an
account
of
their
Faith
;
by
which
means
its
scarce
credible
what
profit
came
to
the
people
thereby
.
Another
decree
for
the
abolishing
of
Christmas-day
,
Holidayes
●bolished
.
and
that
no
holy
day
should
be
observed
but
the
Sabbath
onely
:
which
did
so
offend
some
loose
persons
,
that
they
bruited
abroad
that
Master
Calvin
had
abolished
the
Sabbaths
,
to
bring
the
greater
odium
upon
him
.
This
offence
taken
by
some
,
occasion●●
Calvin
to
write
his
book
of
Scandals
,
dedicated
to
Lauren●●
Normendius
his
intimate
friend
.
Anno
Christi
.
1551.
Wickedness
discovered
.
great
contentions
brake
out
in
the
Church
,
and
this
year
was
begun
with
the
death
of
Bucer
,
to
the
great
grief
of
the
whole
Church
,
and
of
Master
Calvin
especially
,
who
alwayes
highly
prised
him
.
About
the
same
time
dyed
Joachim
Vadian
,
a
Senator
of
Geneva
,
a
man
endowed
with
singular
learning
and
piety
;
Whereupon
the
wickedness
of
the
factious
persons
brake
forth
again
,
which
had
slept
a
great
while
.
These
men
would
by
no
means
suffer
the
exiles
which
fled
thither
for
Religion
,
to
injoy
the
priviledges
of
the
City
;
and
not
content
therewith
,
Mast.
Calvin
having
been
forth
to
Preach
beyond
the
Rhodanus
,
as
he
came
home
,
they
entertained
him
with
scorns
,
and
one
Raimund
his
Colleague
having
occasion
one
evening
to
pass
the
bridge
over
the
Rhodanus
,
they
had
almost
cast
him
into
the
River
;
and
lastly
they
raised
a
great
tumult
in
the
Church
of
Saint
Gervase
,
A
Tumult
.
because
a
child
being
brought
to
be
baptized
,
the
Minister
refused
to
give
him
the
name
of
Balthazar
(
which
name
had
beenf
,
or
some
reason
,
forbidden
by
their
Law
.
)
Neither
could
Master
Calvin
tel
how
to
cure
these
evils
,
but
by
his
invincible
patience
.
About
the
same
time
another
mischief
invaded
the
Church
of
Geneva
,
which
was
occasioned
by
one
Jerome
Bolsec
,
a
Frier
Carmelite
of
Paris
,
who
had
indeed
laid
aside
his
Coul
,
but
not
his
Monkish
mind
.
Bolsec
.
This
man
first
fled
to
the
Dutchess
of
Ferrara
,
whom
he
deceived
,
till
being
found
out
he
was
driven
from
thence
.
Then
pretending
to
be
a
Physician
he
came
to
Geneva
,
but
the
learned
Physicians
there
rejecting
him
;
that
he
might
manifest
himselfe
a
Divine
,
he
vented
some
false
and
absurd
opinions
about
Predestination
,
first
in
private
,
and
then
in
the
publick
Congregation
:
Him
therefore
did
Master
Calvin
confute
,
first
with
a
moderate
reproof
only
,
Confuted
by
Calvin
.
then
sending
for
him
to
him
,
he
laboured
to
instruct
him
better
;
but
he
either
puffed
up
with
his
Monkish
pride
,
or
provoked
by
the
seditious
persons
,
seeking
by
him
to
provoke
Master
Calvin
,
took
the
boldness
upon
the
sixteenth
of
October
to
preach
upon
this
Text
,
He
that
is
of
God
,
heareth
the
words
of
God
,
and
they
which
hear
them
not
,
are
not
of
God
;
whence
he
took
occasion
to
preach
up
Freewill
,
and
that
Predestination
was
out
of
works
foreseen
,
withall
reproaching
the
true
doctrine
,
and
shewing
himself
seditiously
proud
;
and
he
became
the
more
bold
,
because
seeing
Master
Calvins
seat
empty
,
he
judged
him
to
be
absent
:
But
indeed
Master
Calvin
coming
late
,
sate
behind
some
others
;
and
when
the
Frier
had
done
,
Master
Calvin
suddenly
standing
up
,
though
he
had
thought
of
no
such
thing
before
,
then
truly
,
if
at
any
time
,
he
shewed
what
a
man
he
was
;
confuting
the
Frier
with
so
many
testimonies
of
Scripture
,
with
so
many
places
out
of
Saint
Augustine
,
and
lastly
,
with
so
many
weighty
arguments
,
that
all
were
ashamed
of
what
he
had
taught
,
but
only
the
impudent
fellow
himself
:
Insomuch
that
one
of
the
Magistrates
of
the
City
apprehended
him
,
and
committed
him
to
prison
for
a
seditious
person
,
Bolse●
punished
.
and
after
hearing
and
examining
his
cause
,
the
judgement
of
the
Senat
of
the
Helvetian
Churches
being
also
requested
,
upon
the
23th
.
day
of
Decemb.
he
was
publickly
condemned
for
sedition
,
and
Pelagianisme
and
banished
the
City
,
being
rhreatned
with
severe
punishment
,
if
he
were
afterwards
found
either
in
the
City
,
or
territories
belonging
to
it
.
After
this
,
going
into
a
neighbour
Town
,
he
was
the
cause
of
many
and
great
stirs
there
,
till
he
was
twice
expelled
the
Country
of
the
Bernates
.
From
thence
going
into
France
,
he
sought
to
get
into
the
Ministry
in
the
Reformed
Churches
,
which
he
found
in
a
peaceable
condition
;
first
in
Paris
,
then
in
Orleans
,
pretending
great
penetency
for
his
former
miscarriages
,
and
of
his
own
accord
seeking
reconciliation
with
the
Church
at
Geneva
:
But
presently
after
when
he
saw
the
Churches
under
affliction
,
he
fell
back
to
his
Popery
,
loading
the
reformed
Churches
with
many
reproaches
.
At
the
same
time
the
Colledge
of
Ministers
at
Geneva
,
He
fals
back
to
Popery
.
in
a
publick
meeting
asserted
the
true
Doctrine
of
Predestination
,
which
Calvin
put
into
writing
:
So
that
all
the
Divel
gat
by
these
contentions
was
,
that
that
head
of
Christian
Religion
which
before
which
was
very
obscure
,
was
now
very
clearly
opened
to
the
understanding
of
all
that
were
not
contentious
.
The
year
following
;
which
was
1551.
1551.
it
further
appeared
what
a
flame
this
wicked
Varlet
had
kindled
,
though
condemned
by
the
common
judgement
of
so
many
Chu●ches
.
For
the
difficulty
of
the
question
having
not
been
sufficiently
explicated
by
the
Ancients
,
did
stir
up
especially
curious
wits
,
to
make
inquiry
into
the
same
.
By
which
means
the
factious
persons
(
supposing
that
they
had
gotten
an
excellent
advantage
against
Master
Calvin
)
thought
that
by
removing
him
they
might
subvert
all
things
:
New
stirs
.
So
that
it
cannot
be
imagined
what
stirs
arose
,
not
onely
in
the
City
,
but
also
in
other
places
,
as
if
the
Divell
had
set
all
his
engines
on
work
to
raise
contentions
.
For
though
there
was
a
sweet
agreement
amongst
the
chief
Pastors
of
the
Churches
,
yet
there
were
not
some
wanting
in
the
Country
of
the
Bernates
which
accused
Calvin
as
if
he
had
made
God
the
Author
of
sin
;
Being
forgetful
how
far
he
had
professedly
opposed
that
cursed
Tenet
,
when
he
had
confuted
the
Libertines
.
At
Basil
,
Castalio
,
a
good
and
simple
man
,
though
he
did
all
things
closely
,
yet
it
was
discerned
that
he
defended
Pelagianisme
,
Calvin
falsly
accused
.
and
Melanc●●hon
had
so
b●gun
to
write
of
these
things
,
Cast●lio's
er●●●
.
that
though
he
had
formerly
subscribed
Calvins
book
against
Pighius
,
yet
he
seemed
to
brand
the
Genevians
,
as
if
th●y
held
the
Fate
of
the
Stoicks
.
The
Pontificians
also
,
though
they
had
been
a
thousand
times
confuted
,
yet
renewed
their
old
slanders
.
These
things
did
much
trouble
Master
Calvins
mind
,
and
so
much
the
rather
,
because
the
efficacy
of
error
was
so
great
at
this
time
,
that
th●
mouth
of
truth
in
some
places
seemed
to
be
stopt
by
publick
Authority
.
Neither
was
this
a
controversie
of
a
few
years
.
This
same
year
that
good
Hermite
,
whom
we
mentioned
before
,
appeared
publickly
to
dispute
with
Calvin
,
who
had
suffered
a
repulse
when
some
years
before
he
had
sought
t●
creep
into
the
ministry
;
whereupon
he
turned
Lawyer
,
and
the
Patron
of
the
factious
persons
.
Their
cause
came
to
be
heard
before
the
Senate
,
with
a
great
contention
on
both
sides
;
The
Her●ites
w●ckedness
.
the
first
fighting
with
impud●ncy
,
and
the
favour
of
the
wicked
;
but
M
Calvin
defending
his
Doctrine
only
with
the
authority
of
truth
.
And
the
truth
prevailed
,
M.
Calvins
writings
being
judged
pious
and
Orthodox
by
his
very
adversaries
.
His
repentance
But
the
repentance
of
this
his
adversary
is
not
to
be
passed
over
in
silence
;
Calvins
charity
to
him
.
for
a
few
years
after
,
when
he
lay
upon
his
death-bed
,
he
professed
that
he
could
have
no
peace
of
conscience
till
M.
Calvin
had
forgiven
him
,
which
he
not
onely
did
speedily
,
but
comforted
and
confirmed
him
to
his
last
hour
.
Anno
Christi
1553.
1553.
The
malice
of
the
factious
brake
out
so
impetuously
,
Geneva
indangered
.
that
not
onely
the
Church
,
but
even
the
Common-wealth
,
was
brought
into
extream
hazard
thereby
;
for
they
proceeded
so
far
by
their
clamours
and
threats
,
and
by
their
number
oppressing
the
liberty
of
good
men
,
that
the
ancient
Edicts
about
constituting
of
Senators
was
by
them
dissolved
;
and
pretending
that
they
were
afraid
of
the
forreign
Exiles
,
they
took
from
them
all
their
weapons
and
swords
(
except
when
they
travelled
abroad
)
so
that
nothing
seemed
remaining
,
but
when
they
had
got
all
the
power
into
their
own
hands
,
that
they
should
then
effect
what
they
had
often
aimed
at
.
The
Divel
also
then
ministred
another
occasion
of
troubles
,
M.
Servetus
.
for
the
ancient
enemy
of
the
Sacred
Trinity
,
and
of
the
true
God
,
Michael
Servetus
,
a
very
monster
,
composed
of
many
ancient
and
prodigious
heresies
,
having
gone
about
a
long
time
as
a
Physician
,
and
spread
his
blasphemies
under
the
name
of
Michael
Villanovanus
,
at
last
published
a
great
book
at
Vienna
,
belonging
to
Geneva
,
the
Printer
whereof
was
Arnollet
of
Lions
,
the
Corrector
to
the
Press
William
Guerotius
,
long
agoe
addicted
to
the
factious
Genevistes
,
but
a
few
moneths
before
being
like
to
be
punished
for
his
whoredomes
,
and
other
wickednesses
,
was
fled
from
Geneva
to
Lions
.
This
Servetus
having
published
his
Book
,
stuffed
with
Blasphemies
,
was
at
Vienna
cast
into
prison
for
the
same
,
but
making
an
escape
he
came
(
by
a
secret
providence
)
to
Geneva
,
thinking
to
pass
further
,
Servetus
imprisoned
.
but
(
as
God
would
have
it
)
being
discovered
,
and
Master
Calvin
acquainting
the
Magistrates
with
it
,
they
cast
him
into
prison
:
Much
means
was
used
to
bring
him
to
a
sight
of
his
wickedness
,
and
to
repentance
for
the
same
;
but
when
this
desperate
wretch
(
encouraged
by
some
of
the
chief
of
the
factious
persons
)
would
not
be
brought
to
a
recantation
of
his
abominable
blasphemies
,
by
the
common
consent
of
all
the
Helvetian
Churches
,
he
was
condemned
to
death
,
and
upon
the
seven
and
twentieth
of
October
,
He
is
burned
.
without
any
signe
of
repentance
,
was
burned
alive
.
The
same
year
Master
Farell
being
very
sick
,
Master
Calvin
went
to
Neocome
to
visit
him
;
but
his
disease
prevailing
,
he
left
him
for
dead
;
yet
it
pleased
God
wonderfully
beyond
expectation
to
raise
him
up
again
,
to
the
great
joy
of
the
Church
.
Bertelerius
his
wickedness
.
Whilst
the
businesses
of
Servetus
were
in
agitation
,
there
rose
up
one
amongst
the
factious
,
one
Bertelerius
,
a
most
impudent
man
,
who
for
many
wickednesses
was
suspended
from
the
Sacrament
by
the
Presbytery
;
whereupon
he
went
to
the
Senate
,
desiring
by
them
to
be
absolved
,
which
being
effected
,
The
Presbytery
slandered
.
there
was
no
doubt
but
the
raines
of
Ecclesiasticall
Discipline
being
let
loose
,
all
things
would
grow
into
confusion
;
therefore
Master
Calvin
in
the
name
of
the
Presbytery
opposed
it
,
shewing
that
the
Christian
Magistrate
ought
to
preserve
,
not
to
destroy
the
Ecclesiasticall
constitutions
:
Yet
the
false
clamours
of
the
adversa●●es
prevailed
,
who
said
that
the
Presbytery
encroached
upon
the
authority
of
the
Magistrate
,
so
that
in
a
meeting
of
the
Common-Counsell
it
was
decreed
,
An
unjust
Decree
.
that
the
last
appeal
ought
to
be
to
the
Senate
,
who
might
absolve
whom
they
thought
fit
.
After
which
the
Senate
not
much
minding
the
business
,
suffered
this
Bertelerius
surreptitiously
to
get
letters
of
absolution
from
them
,
confirmed
by
the
Seal
of
the
Common-wealth
.
But
Perinus
and
his
companions
,
hoped
that
one
of
these
two
things
would
follow
,
viz.
that
either
Calvin
would
not
obey
this
mandat
of
the
Senate
,
and
so
he
would
be
oppressed
by
the
people
in
a
tumult
;
or
else
that
he
would
obey
it
,
and
then
it
would
be
easie
for
them
to
dissolve
the
Decrees
of
the
Presbytery
,
and
so
open
a
door
to
all
licentiousness
.
But
M.
Calvin
(
though
he
had
notice
of
this
but
two
days
before
the
Sacrament
was
to
be
administred
,
in
the
moneth
of
September
)
in
the
time
of
his
Sermon
,
lifting
up
his
voice
,
and
stretching
forth
his
hand
,
spake
much
against
the
contemners
and
profaners
of
those
sacred
mysteries
:
But
I
(
saith
he
)
following
Chrysostome
,
will
rather
suffer
my
selfe
▪
to
be
slaine
,
then
this
hand
of
mine
shall
reach
the
holy
Elements
to
those
that
have
been
judged
contemners
of
God
.
Calvins
courage
.
This
speech
(
which
is
wonderfull
to
observe
)
did
so
far
prevaile
with
them
(
who
otherwise
were
head-strong
enough
)
that
Perinus
sent
privately
to
Bertlerius
,
The
good
successe
.
commanding
him
not
to
obtrude
himself
upon
the
Sacrament
,
and
so
(
through
Gods
mercie
)
the
Sacrament
was
peaceably
administred
,
and
received
with
a
certain
trembling
,
as
if
God
himselfe
had
been
present
in
their
sight
.
In
the
afternoon
Master
Calvin
preached
upon
that
Text
in
the
Acts
,
wherein
Paul
took
his
leave
of
the
Church
of
Ephesus
,
wherein
he
professed
that
he
was
not
the
man
that
would
himselfe
oppose
,
or
teach
others
to
oppose
the
Decree
of
the
Magistrate
,
exhorting
the
Congregation
to
persevere
in
that
Doctrine
wherein
they
had
been
taught
,
as
if
he
had
taken
his
last
farewell
of
Geneva
.
And
seeing
(
saith
he
)
things
are
come
to
this
pass
,
give
me
leave
(
brethren
)
to
use
the
words
of
the
Apostle
to
you
,
I
commend
you
to
God
,
and
the
words
of
his
grace
;
which
words
as
they
wonderfully
daunted
the
wicked
,
so
they
prevailed
much
more
with
the
godly
party
,
to
put
them
in
mind
of
their
duty
.
The
day
after
Mr.
Calvin
with
his
Colleagues
,
An
unjust
decree
reversed
.
and
the
whole
Presbytery
intreated
the
Senate
,
and
the
Common-Councell
that
they
might
be
heard
before
the
people
,
whilst
they
should
give
in
reasons
for
the
abrogating
of
that
fore
named
Law
.
This
was
easily
assented
to
,
their
minds
being
wonderfully
changed
;
and
it
was
decreed
,
that
that
Law
should
be
suspended
,
and
that
the
judgement
of
the
foure
Helvetian
Cities
should
be
desired
therein
;
and
that
nothing
in
the
meane
time
should
be
acted
that
was
prejudiciall
to
the
Laws
formerly
established
.
Thus
this
tempest
was
rather
dispersed
then
wholly
quieted
,
which
beyond
hope
,
being
diverted
from
Mr.
Calvin
,
the
factious
sought
to
bring
it
upon
the
head
of
Mr.
Farell
:
For
Mr.
Farell
,
as
soon
as
he
was
recovered
of
his
great
sicknesse
,
Mr.
Farell
in
danger
.
came
to
Geneva
,
and
there
in
a
Sermon
sharply
reproved
the
factious
,
partly
relying
upon
the
justnesse
of
the
cause
,
and
partly
upon
his
age
,
and
that
ancient
authority
which
he
had
amongst
them
.
But
they
,
complaining
that
he
had
done
them
much
wrong
,
when
he
was
returned
to
Neocome
,
appointed
him
a
day
to
answer
it
before
the
Senate
,
and
withall
sent
to
the
Senate
at
Neocome
that
he
might
appear
at
the
day
appointed
.
He
came
therefore
again
to
Geneva
,
yet
not
without
danger
,
whilst
the
factious
cryed
out
that
he
deserved
to
be
thrown
into
the
River
of
Rhodanus
:
but
an
honest
young
man
of
the
Citizens
advised
Perinus
,
that
Mr.
Farell
,
the
common
Father
of
the
City
,
Yet
delivered
.
might
be
no
way
wronged
;
joyning
also
with
himself
another
honest
young
man
,
they
gave
notice
to
the
well-affected
Citizens
,
that
they
should
stand
by
Mr.
Farell
at
the
day
of
hearing
,
which
also
they
did
;
so
that
his
adversaries
being
astonished
and
deterred
hereat
,
of
their
own
accord
craved
pardon
,
and
Mr.
Farell
was
dismissed
.
About
this
time
a
grievous
calamity
befell
the
Church
of
England
by
the
immature
death
of
that
godly
Prince
,
King
Edward
the
sixth
,
King
Edwards
death
.
which
was
a
grievous
wound
to
all
the
Reformed
Churches
.
Yet
at
this
same
time
Mr.
Calvin
wrote
his
learn-Commentaries
upon
the
Gospel
of
St.
John
.
Geneva
(
as
we
heard
before
)
having
inflicted
deserved
punishment
upon
Servetus
,
not
as
upon
a
Sectary
,
but
as
upon
a
monster
for
his
horrible
impieties
and
blasphemies
,
by
which
for
thirty
years
space
he
had
infected
the
Christian
world
both
by
his
teaching
and
writings
:
It
cannot
be
imagined
how
this
stirred
up
the
rage
of
Sathan
,
such
a
flame
arising
from
hence
as
set
Poland
first
,
then
Transsylvania
and
Hungary
all
on
a
fire
,
which
himself
seemed
to
foretell
by
the
spirit
of
Sathan
,
when
in
the
beginning
of
his
book
he
set
this
sentence
out
of
the
Revelation
,
There
was
a
great
battle
in
heaven
Michael
,
and
his
Angels
fighting
with
the
Dragon
▪
For
his
ashes
being
scarce
cold
,
a
great
controversie
sprung
up
about
the
punishing
of
Hereticks
:
A
controversie
about
punishing
Hereticks
.
Some
holding
that
they
ought
to
be
restrained
,
but
not
to
be
punished
with
death
.
Others
thinking
that
it
could
not
be
clearly
stated
out
of
Gods
word
,
what
was
Heresie
;
thereupon
said
,
that
it
was
lawfull
to
hold
either
part
in
all
the
Heads
of
Religion
,
and
that
all
men
(
though
holding
a
wrong
opinion
)
were
to
be
left
to
the
judgement
of
God
.
This
latter
opinion
some
good
men
inclined
to
,
fearing
that
the
contrary
Tenet
might
kindle
the
cruelty
of
Tyrants
against
the
godly
.
The
principall
of
these
were
Sebastian
Castalio
,
and
Laelius
Socinus
,
therein
pleading
their
own
cause
:
Socinus
his
Heresies
.
The
former
indeed
more
closely
,
and
the
latter
more
openly
,
as
one
that
studyed
to
vindicate
the
clear
authority
of
the
Scripture
,
in
a
certain
Preface
,
to
the
perverting
of
the
holy
Bible
;
and
in
his
Annotations
upon
the
first
Epistle
of
Paul
to
the
Corinthians
,
had
endeavoured
to
draw
men
from
the
written
Word
of
God
,
as
an
imperfect
Rule
,
as
if
Paul
had
taught
to
some
of
his
Disciples
that
were
more
perfect
then
the
rest
,
a
certain
more
hidden
Divinity
then
that
which
he
had
committed
to
writing
.
Hereupon
Mr.
Calvin
Anno
Christi
1554
,
1554.
set
forth
a
copious
confutation
of
all
the
Doctrine
of
Servetus
,
Calvin
consutes
them
.
which
was
subscribed
by
all
his
Colleagues
:
adding
many
reasons
why
,
and
how
farre
a
Magistrate
might
proceed
in
punishing
such
an
one
as
was
lawfully
convicted
of
Heresie
.
The
adversaries
on
the
contrary
published
a
Rapsody
,
collected
partly
out
of
the
writings
of
the
ancient
Fathers
,
which
they
perverted
to
their
own
ends
,
and
partly
out
of
the
writings
of
certain
unknown
Fanaticks
,
and
under
the
name
of
Martin
Bellius
,
Castilio's
Heresies
.
which
indeed
was
Castalio
,
though
afterwards
he
forswore
it
,
and
falsifying
also
the
name
of
the
City
,
in
which
they
falsly
pretended
that
it
was
published
.
To
this
book
,
swarming
with
many
other
Errors
and
Blasphemies
,
Mr.
Beza
answered
,
thereby
to
free
Mr.
Calvin
from
that
labour
,
Conf●ted
by
Beza
.
who
was
now
busie
in
writing
his
learned
Commentaries
upon
Genesis
,
and
in
diverting
other
dangers
from
the
Church
:
For
the
factious
went
on
to
innovate
things
in
the
City
,
and
though
the
Amnestie
was
again
renewed
before
the
Senate
upon
the
second
of
February
yet
they
daily
grew
worse
and
worse
,
so
that
Master
Calvin
was
much
busied
both
in
blaming
and
reproving
them
for
their
wickedness
,
and
in
endeavouring
to
strengthen
the
godly
against
the
poison
of
their
impiety
;
for
they
had
proceeded
to
such
a
height
of
wickedness
,
that
they
turned
part
of
the
sacred
Scriptures
into
obscaene
songs
,
Horrid
impieties
.
and
used
to
beat
strangers
whom
they
met
in
the
night
,
and
sometimes
also
to
rob
them
.
They
also
privately
used
the
books
of
Bolsecus
,
Castalio
,
and
other
corrupt
men
,
that
they
might
renew
the
controversie
about
Predestination
;
yea
,
they
proceeded
to
scatter
abroad
a
false
and
scandalous
libell
,
wherein
they
grievously
aspersed
that
worthy
servant
of
Christ
Master
Calvin
.
Castalio
also
sent
another
Latine
Book
to
be
privately
Printed
at
Paris
,
Calvin
aspersed
.
to
which
Master
Beza
answered
,
and
Master
Calvin
also
confuted
some
of
the
fooleries
of
the
same
kind
.
About
this
time
the
care
of
the
English
exiles
lay
heavy
upon
him
,
some
of
which
were
come
to
Vesalia
;
others
to
Embden
,
and
others
to
Franckford
,
all
sending
to
Master
Calvin
for
advice
and
counsel
:
The
English
exiles
provided
for
by
him
.
Neither
was
he
a
little
troubled
for
the
andaciousness
of
some
of
the
Pastors
(
encouraged
by
the
secret
favour
of
others
)
of
the
French-Church
,
long
since
planted
by
him
at
Strasborough
:
And
in
short
how
great
pains
he
took
this
year
for
severall
Churches
,
may
appear
by
the
multitude
of
Epistles
wrote
by
him
,
by
which
he
stirred
up
many
Noble-men
to
imbrace
the
Gospel
,
and
strengthned
many
of
the
Brethren
,
some
of
which
were
in
extream
danger
,
and
others
already
cast
into
bonds
.
We
spake
before
of
the
sweet
Harmony
that
was
between
the
Helvetian
and
Rhetian
Churches
,
about
the
Doctrine
of
the
Sacrament
.
This
concord
did
exceedingly
displease
the
spirit
of
error
;
therefore
he
easily
found
out
one
that
might
easily
reinkindle
the
fire
which
before
was
extinguished
,
viz.
Joachim
Westphalus
,
who
was
seconded
by
Heshusius
,
then
a
Minister
of
the
word
,
Joa
.
Westphalus
.
but
afterwards
a
Bishop
,
of
whom
wee
shall
speak
more
afterwards
:
Hereupon
Master
Calvin
published
an
explication
of
that
agreement
,
which
,
by
how
much
it
imbittered
their
spirits
,
by
so
much
the
more
it
satisfied
all
good
men
that
were
lovers
of
the
truth
.
The
year
following
,
viz.
1555.
by
the
speciall
mercy
of
God
,
brought
peace
along
with
it
to
the
Church
of
Geneva
,
1555.
which
was
now
quiet
from
its
domestick
stirs
;
for
the
factious
ruined
themselves
:
God
discovering
their
horrible
treason
to
the
State
,
by
the
means
of
one
of
the
conspirators
,
who
in
his
drunken
fit
discovered
it
;
Gods
judgements
on
the
wicked
.
whereupon
some
of
them
were
beheaded
,
others
of
them
were
banished
,
who
though
a
while
after
they
vexed
the
City
,
yet
perished
shamefully
in
the
end
,
leaving
an
example
of
the
just
judgement
of
God
upon
such
persons
,
though
it
may
be
deferred
for
a
time
.
Thus
the
Commonwealth
was
freed
from
these
Pests
.
To
which
another
mercy
was
added
by
the
answer
of
the
four
Helvetian
Cities
,
to
whom
the
question
about
the
Discipline
(
which
we
spake
of
before
)
had
been
proposed
,
who
unanimously
confirmed
the
Ecclesiasticall
Polity
as
it
had
been
before
settled
,
contrary
to
the
expectation
of
the
factious
.
Yet
something
was
not
wanting
whereby
Mr.
Calvin
might
be
further
exercised
:
For
he
took
great
pains
in
constituting
the
Church
in
Polonia
by
the
will
of
the
King
:
In
comforting
the
afflicted
in
England
,
He
conforts
the
English
in
persecution
.
who
were
much
troubled
by
reason
of
the
cruell
burning
of
those
three
Bishops
and
Martyrs
,
incomparable
for
piety
,
viz.
Nicholas
Ridley
,
John
Hooper
,
and
Hugh
Latimer
,
who
suffered
amongst
many
other
worthy
men
,
and
shortly
after
that
great
Cranmer
,
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
:
As
also
in
comforting
the
imprisoned
brethren
in
France
,
And
the
persecuted
French
.
especially
those
five
valiant
Martyrs
who
this
year
were
burned
at
Camerac
.
But
at
home
the
Errors
of
Servetus
beganne
to
spring
up
againe
,
whose
blasphemies
Mattheus
Gribaldus
was
observed
to
favour
,
Gribaldus
favours
Servetus
.
a
Lawyer
of
some
note
,
and
the
Lord
of
a
Town
not
farre
from
Geneva
:
This
man
comming
to
Geneva
,
was
brought
to
Mr.
Calvin
by
some
Italians
who
had
been
his
Scholars
when
he
taught
at
Padoa
;
but
Mr.
Calvin
refused
to
give
him
his
hand
,
till
they
could
agree
about
some
of
the
chief
Heads
of
Divinity
,
viz.
about
the
sacred
Trinity
,
and
Divinitie
of
Christ
,
till
when
he
would
by
no
meanes
bee
perswaded
to
doe
it
;
and
because
hee
refused
,
Mr.
Calvin
told
him
that
an
heavy
judgement
of
God
hung
over
his
head
for
his
pertinacious
impiety
,
which
shortly
after
came
to
passe
:
Being
first
forced
to
fly
to
Tubing
,
where
he
was
entertained
by
the
favour
of
Vergerius
,
and
being
afterwards
taken
at
Berne
,
Gods
judgment
on
him
.
upon
a
feigned
submission
was
dismissed
:
But
returning
to
his
old
course
,
and
entertaining
and
favouring
Gentilus
(
of
whom
we
shall
speak
anon
)
God
found
him
out
,
and
prevented
his
punishment
by
man
,
by
striking
him
with
the
Plague
whereof
he
died
.
About
this
time
also
Mr:
Calvin
met
with
another
tryall
:
Calvin
accused
b●●some
Ministers
.
For
certain
neighbour
Ministers
,
who
were
underhand
encouraged
by
Bolsecus
,
thinking
to
get
themselves
a
name
by
opposing
so
great
a
man
,
and
indeed
they
lay
under
many
other
scandals
,
railed
exceedingly
against
Mr.
Calvin
,
as
if
he
made
God
the
author
of
sinne
,
because
he
would
exclude
nothing
from
the
eternall
foresight
and
ordination
of
God
.
Mr.
Calvin
being
little
moved
with
these
calumnies
,
was
yet
at
last
provoked
by
their
importunities
,
so
that
he
obtained
of
the
Senate
leave
to
goe
with
their
Ambassadors
to
Berne
,
there
to
defend
himself
and
the
Truth
before
the
Bernates
,
which
accordingly
he
did
,
and
so
prevailed
,
that
one
Sebastian
was
branded
with
infamy
,
and
banished
:
B●lsecus
also
was
commanded
to
depart
out
of
their
coasts
:
They
are
punished
for
it
.
So
all
these
calumnies
ended
in
smoak
:
And
one
Andreas
Zebedaeus
,
who
had
been
his
most
bitter
accuser
,
after
Mr.
Calvins
death
,
himself
also
lying
upon
his
death-bed
at
Nevidune
,
a
towne
four
miles
distant
from
Geneva
,
sending
for
some
of
the
chief
Citizens
,
did
of
his
own
accord
confesse
the
Truth
which
before
hee
had
opposed
,
and
detesting
his
former
actions
caused
all
his
papers
to
bee
burnt
before
his
,
and
their
faces
.
The
next
year
,
viz.
1556
,
1556.
a
tertian
Ague
seised
upon
M.
Calvin
as
he
was
preaching
,
He
falls
sick
of
an
Ague
.
which
handled
him
so
roughly
,
that
it
made
him
come
downe
from
the
Pulpit
:
Hereupon
many
false
rumours
were
spread
abroad
,
which
were
so
gratefull
,
especially
to
the
Papists
,
that
at
Noviodune
,
his
own
country
,
the
Priest
had
returned
publick
,
and
solemn
thanks
for
the
death
of
Calvin
:
He
recovers
.
But
the
prayers
of
good
men
prevailed
for
his
health
,
and
he
was
so
farre
from
dying
of
that
disease
,
that
rather
being
increased
in
his
strength
,
hee
undertook
a
longer
journey
then
he
was
used
to
doe
,
viz.
to
Frankford
,
being
invited
thither
to
pacifie
some
controversies
,
which
were
sprung
up
in
the
French
Church
there
.
At
length
returning
home
,
though
something
impaired
in
his
health
,
yet
remitted
he
nothing
of
his
daily
labours
,
publishing
the
next
year
his
very
learned
Commentaries
upon
the
Psalmes
,
to
which
hee
prefixed
a
very
precious
Preface
.
The
rest
of
the
year
being
very
full
of
tumults
by
reason
of
some
factious
Ministers
,
Faction
and
Famine
.
and
God
sending
a
Famine
also
,
yet
Mr.
Calvin
spent
it
in
defending
the
Truth
against
Joachim
Westphalus
;
and
when
notwithstanding
Westphalus
continued
his
prattle
,
Mr.
Beza
answered
him
,
and
stopped
his
mouth
.
Then
also
Mr.
Calvin
,
Westphalus
confuted
.
And
Castalio
.
and
Beza
,
both
confuted
the
calumnies
of
Castalio
against
the
eternall
Predestination
of
God
which
he
had
spread
abroad
,
yet
concealing
his
name
.
At
this
time
a
grievous
persecution
rising
at
Paris
against
the
godly
,
it
was
a
great
affliction
to
Mr.
Calvin
;
many
being
taken
when
they
were
assembled
in
Saint
James
his
street
for
the
celebration
of
the
Lords
Supper
,
Persecution
in
Paris
.
being
about
eighty
in
number
(
the
rest
escaping
by
the
benefit
of
the
dark
night
)
who
the
next
morning
were
led
to
prison
,
loaden
with
scornes
and
reproaches
,
though
some
of
them
were
noble
women
of
good
account
.
Against
these
sheep
of
Christ
the
Kings
anger
was
enflamed
,
not
onely
by
those
about
him
,
but
by
the
very
occasion
of
the
times
:
For
this
fell
out
at
the
same
time
when
the
Kings
Army
had
received
such
a
notable
defeat
at
Saint
Quintan
:
Besides
these
godly
persons
were
forced
to
meet
in
the
night
,
because
they
could
not
do
it
in
the
day
,
which
further
irritated
him
:
Hereupon
also
those
old
lying
scandals
were
raised
against
them
,
especially
by
one
Democarus
a
Doctor
of
Sorben
,
Christians
slandlered
.
who
charged
the
Christians
as
the
cause
of
all
the
evils
which
befel
the
Kingdom
.
There
were
also
some
false
witnesses
suborned
against
them
,
which
the
credulous
multitude
was
too
apt
to
beleeve
;
there
were
therefore
seven
of
them
brought
forth
to
be
burned
,
amongst
whom
there
was
a
noble
woman
,
who
with
six
others
shewed
admirable
patience
:
and
whereas
they
were
accused
for
promiscuous
whoredomes
at
their
meetings
,
especially
by
the
Sorbonists
,
who
thought
the
more
to
incense
the
King
thereby
,
a
godly
and
learned
man
,
who
had
lately
been
their
Pastor
,
Lies
confu●ed
.
easily
confuted
those
lies
,
and
the
German
Princes
interceding
in
their
behalf
(
which
Mr.
Calvin
procured
with
admirable
celerity
)
the
tempest
was
Calvins
care
for
them
.
in
a
good
measure
blown
over
.
The
next
year
being
1558
,
proved
very
happy
to
the
Commonwealth
of
Geneva
,
by
reason
of
that
strict
League
made
betwixt
them
and
the
Bernates
.
But
a
grievous
persecution
brake
out
against
the
Church
of
Christ
in
France
againe
;
and
at
home
the
Heresies
of
Servetus
were
revived
by
Valentine
Gentilis
,
Gentilis
an
Heretick
.
mentioned
before
.
To
stop
the
former
,
Mr.
Calvin
sent
Letters
to
the
German
Princes
,
which
opened
to
them
the
great
calamities
which
the
Churches
groaned
under
,
requesting
them
to
intercede
for
them
,
and
in
the
meane
time
himself
endeavoured
by
his
daily
Letters
to
support
them
under
their
afflictions
.
And
for
Gentilis
,
who
was
a
man
of
an
unhappy
,
but
sagacious
,
and
subtill
wit
,
presently
after
the
burning
of
Servetus
,
he
gat
his
book
,
and
Calvins
confutation
of
it
,
and
not
weighing
the
Truth
in
the
ballance
of
the
Sanctuary
,
but
of
carnall
wisdome
and
reason
,
he
concludes
that
the
Father
was
the
onely
one
God
of
himself
,
who
propagated
Essence
to
the
other
two
persons
;
so
that
he
beganne
to
professe
that
there
were
three
Gods
,
three
Eternals
,
Omnipotent
,
and
Immense
Gods
:
and
to
prove
it
,
he
wrested
not
only
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
but
the
Councill
of
Nice
also
,
and
rejected
Athanasius
his
Creed
,
as
also
the
Testimonies
of
all
the
Ancients
,
viz.
of
Ignatius
,
Tertullian
,
Iraeneus
,
and
Lactantius
,
by
a
certaine
unheard-of
impudence
;
yea
did
not
onely
reject
all
the
Orthodox
Writers
which
followed
the
Nicene
Councel
,
He
infects
some
.
but
reproached
them
as
wicked
men
.
Other
Blasphemies
also
followed
this
about
the
Hypostaticall
Union
.
He
first
vented
these
things
in
private
(
as
hee
pretended
,
for
Disputation
sake
)
to
some
of
the
Italian
Congregation
;
whereupon
an
assembly
being
called
on
purpose
,
Mr.
Calvin
,
Is
confuted
.
before
some
choice
Senators
,
and
all
the
Ministers
,
and
Elders
,
having
patiently
heard
them
,
confuted
them
so
fully
out
of
the
Word
of
God
,
that
all
the
Italians
presently
subscribed
to
the
Orthodox
Faith
,
except
onely
six
,
who
afterwards
being
called
one
by
one
,
subscribed
with
their
hands
,
but
not
with
their
hearts
,
as
time
made
to
appeare
.
Gentilis
therefore
returning
to
his
old
course
,
and
going
on
to
spread
his
former
Blasphemies
,
is
apprehended
,
dissembles
not
his
opinion
,
being
heard
as
much
,
and
as
long
as
he
would
.
At
length
,
seeming
to
be
convinced
by
Mr.
Calvin
,
he
feigned
incredible
repentance
,
and
gave
in
a
Recantation
signed
under
his
own
hand
.
Hereupon
he
was
dismissed
,
first
taking
an
oath
that
he
would
not
goe
forth
of
the
gates
of
the
City
;
but
presently
,
contrary
to
the
same
,
he
flyes
into
Savoy
to
Matthew
Gribaldus
,
and
presently
after
two
of
his
Disciples
,
Alciat
and
Blandatra
followed
him
,
who
afterwards
proved
the
infectors
of
Transylvania
,
Transylvania
infected
.
and
the
Countries
adjacent
:
But
Gods
judgement
hanging
over
the
head
of
Gentilis
,
he
staied
with
Gribaldus
(
both
of
them
casting
off
the
other
two
as
illiterate
fellows
)
and
there
he
wrote
a
book
against
Athanasius
and
Calvin
,
and
so
going
to
Lions
,
he
there
printed
it
,
dedicating
it
to
Gaiensis
a
Praefect
,
who
was
altogether
ignorant
of
the
blasph●
mies
contained
in
it
.
Whilst
he
was
at
Lions
he
was
apprehended
by
the
Papists
,
but
when
he
shewed
them
that
hee
had
written
a
booke
against
Calvin
,
he
was
dismissed
,
as
one
that
had
deserved
wel
of
their
Church
.
From
thence
he
went
into
Transylvania
to
●landatra
,
Alciat
,
and
their
companions
;
but
they
having
now
sucked
in
the
Heresies
of
Samosatenus
,
and
he
not
well
agreeing
with
them
therein
,
Christ
indeed
drawing
him
forth
to
condigne
punishment
,
he
returned
into
Savoy
to
his
friend
Gribaldus
;
but
Gods
plague
had
now
swept
away
that
Pest
,
and
Mr.
Calvin
also
was
dead
at
Geneva
.
Hereupon
Gentilis
,
either
infatuated
by
God
,
or
thinking
that
there
was
none
left
at
Geneva
that
could
answer
him
,
went
strait
to
Gaiensis
,
who
was
justly
offended
with
him
;
who
there
fore
presently
apprehending
him
,
by
the
just
judgement
of
God
,
sent
him
to
Berne
,
there
to
be
tried
;
where
being
convicted
both
of
Perjury
&
many
manifest
impieties
,
after
many
wayes
were
used
to
bring
him
to
repentance
,
He
is
punished
with
death
.
but
in
vain
he
had
his
head
cut
off
,
thereby
suffering
a
just
reward
for
all
his
impieties
.
Towards
the
latter
end
of
this
year
,
Calvin
falls
sick
.
in
October
,
Mr.
Calvin
was
taken
with
a
Quartane
Ague
,
which
Physicians
say
,
is
deadly
to
old
persons
,
which
though
it
held
him
but
eight
mon●ths
,
yet
it
so
debil●tated
his
lean
,
and
overworne
body
with
his
in●●ssant
lab●urs
,
that
he
never
throughly
recovered
his
health
again
:
Yet
all
this
time
,
though
his
Physicians
warned
him
,
and
his
friends
disswaded
him
from
his
preaching
,
and
Lectures
,
yet
did
he
continually
busie
himself
night
and
day
in
dictating
,
and
writing
Letters
every
way
,
often
saying
,
He
h●tes
idlene●se
.
That
nothing
was
more
troublesome
to
him
then
an
idle
life
.
At
this
time
also
he
published
the
last
Edition
of
his
Institutions
in
French
and
Latine
,
and
his
learned
Commentary
upon
Isa●ah
.
The
yeare
following
,
viz.
1559
,
1559.
was
famous
for
the
League
entered
into
between
the
two
most
potent
Kings
of
Spain
and
France
,
which
was
strengthned
by
a●linity
betwixt
them
,
which
was
likely
to
prove
fatall
to
Geneva
,
but
that
the
counsell
of
the
Pontificians
,
who
abused
the
simplicity
of
King
Henry
of
France
,
hindered
it
.
For
King
Henry
published
most
severe
Decrees
,
and
cast
some
of
his
Senators
into
prison
,
A
persecution
in
France
.
who
had
declared
their
judgements
freely
,
that
he
ought
to
proceed
gently
in
matters
of
Religion
,
till
a
Generall
Councell
could
bee
called
;
having
this
in
his
eye
principally
,
to
restore
the
Duke
of
Savoy
to
his
Country
,
that
by
his
help
hee
might
utterly
destroy
Geneva
.
In
the
meane
time
Master
Calvin
(
though
sickly
)
laboured
hard
〈◊〉
Gen●va
,
comforting
and
confirming
the
afflicted
Churches
and
brethren
;
as
also
by
his
frequent
and
servent
prayers
craving
help
of
God
.
And
behold
the
wonderfull
work
of
God
●
whilst
all
things
were
ful
of
terror
,
The
King
of
France
●●●in
.
the
King
of
France
in
the
great
Marriage
solemnity
which
was
made
for
the
confirmation
of
the
Peace
,
in
his
running
at
Tilt
,
received
his
deaths
wound
,
and
that
by
the
hand
of
the
Captaine
of
his
Guard
,
by
whom
a
little
before
he
had
apprehended
and
imprisoned
the
aforesaid
Senators
.
This
death
of
the
King
was
expiated
(
as
he
thought
)
by
the
Cardinall
of
Lorraine
,
who
upon
the
one
and
twentieth
of
December
,
caused
that
learned
Lawyer
,
faithfull
Counsellor
,
and
holy
Martyr
of
Christ
,
Annas
Du
Bourg
,
to
be
unjustly
and
cruelly
burned
.
But
by
the
singular
blessing
of
God
,
in
the
midst
of
these
calamitous
times
,
the
hearts
of
the
Genevians
were
so
raised
up
,
and
confirmed
,
that
in
the
very
same
yeare
,
and
almost
moment
of
time
in
which
two
such
potent
Kings
had
contri●ed
their
destruction
,
by
the
encouragement
of
Mr.
Calvin
they
laid
the
foundation
,
and
built
a
famous
Schoole
,
adorning
it
with
eight
Masters
for
boyes
,
as
also
with
Hebrew
,
Greek
,
A
School
built
at
Genev●
▪
Philosophy
,
and
Divinity
Professors
;
which
being
finished
to
the
honour
of
God
Omnipotent
,
Mr.
Calvin
in
a
great
assembly
in
the
chiefest
Church
,
read
,
and
declared
those
things
which
conduced
to
the
perpetuall
establishment
of
so
holy
and
profitable
a
foundation
,
whereby
he
did
as
it
were
solemnly
consecrate
it
.
The
year
after
,
which
was
1560.
Master
Calvin
was
by
some
loaden
with
much
envy
,
as
if
he
had
stirred
up
an
Assembly
against
Francis
the
Second
,
the
heir
of
his
Fathers
Kingdom
;
which
Assembly
was
called
,
The
tumult
of
Amboise
;
whereas
indeed
Master
Calvin
never
understood
what
it
was
,
as
also
both
by
word
of
mouth
,
and
by
his
Letters
to
friends
,
he
disliked
it
.
Sancarus
his
heresies
.
This
year
one
Sancarus
of
Mantua
(
Italy
being
fatall
to
the
Polonians
)
began
to
teach
,
that
Christ
was
Mediator
onely
according
to
his
humane
nature
;
accusing
all
of
Arianisme
,
that
should
say
that
he
was
Mediator
also
according
to
his
Deity
,
as
if
thereby
they
made
the
Son
lesse
then
the
Father
.
Confuted
.
This
calumny
,
and
all
his
other
Doctrine
was
notably
confuted
,
as
by
Philip
Melancton
,
and
Peter
Martyr
,
so
also
Master
Calvin
,
at
the
request
of
the
Polonians
,
did
briefly
,
but
strongly
confute
the
same
;
and
foreseeing
what
shortly
after
came
to
pass
,
that
whilst
some
more
unskilful
persons
would
take
upon
them
to
confute
Sancarus
,
if
they
took
not
heed
,
would
fall
into
the
error
of
them
which
held
three
Gods
:
He
eloquently
admonished
them
,
that
taking
heed
of
Blandatra
,
and
his
followers
,
they
should
so
assert
Christ
to
be
our
Mediator
according
to
both
his
natures
,
that
in
the
mean
time
they
should
not
multiply
Deities
:
But
this
labour
of
his
was
vaine
towards
them
that
were
to
perish
.
About
this
time
the
Bohemian
Waldenses
sent
two
of
their
The
Bohemian
Waldenses
.
brethren
to
Master
Calvin
to
desire
his
judgment
about
some
matters
of
Religion
,
whom
he
lovingly
satisfied
,
exhorting
them
also
that
they
would
enter
into
a
neerer
conjunction
with
other
Reformed
Churches
.
At
the
same
time
also
Q.
Mary
being
dead
,
and
Queen
Elizabeth
succeeding
,
many
of
the
godly
French
relying
upon
her
piety
and
humanity
,
Q.
Elizabeth
in
England
.
fled
for
refuge
into
England
,
with
the
consent
of
tha
reverend
man
,
Edmund
Grindal
,
Bishop
of
London
,
they
craved
leave
of
her
that
one
might
be
sent
from
Geneva
to
plant
a
French
Church
there
:
A
French
Ch.
erected
in
England
.
whereupon
Galacius
was
sent
.
Towards
the
latter
end
of
this
yeare
King
Francis
of
France
dyed
suddenly
,
K.
Charls
in
France
.
and
that
in
such
a
juncture
of
time
,
when
all
things
seemed
so
desperate
,
that
they
could
not
be
cured
but
by
God
himself
;
and
King
Charls
the
ninth
,
a
child
,
was
searce
entred
into
his
Kindom
,
when
by
a
Herald
Letters
subscribed
with
his
name
were
brought
to
Geneva
,
Geneva
threatned
.
wherein
he
complained
that
many
were
sent
out
from
thence
,
Defended
by
Calvin
.
that
infected
his
Kingdom
,
desiring
that
they
might
be
presently
called
back
,
threatning
that
otherwise
he
would
not
let
passe
the
revenging
of
that
injury
.
Mast.
Calvin
being
hereupon
sent
for
by
the
Senate
,
answered
in
his
owne
,
and
in
his
Colleagues
names
that
at
the
request
of
the
Churches
of
France
,
they
had
exhorted
certain
men
that
were
sound
in
the
faith
,
and
of
an
holy
life
,
whom
they
judged
fit
for
the
work
,
that
they
should
not
be
wanting
to
lend
their
help
to
their
Country
in
so
holy
a
cause
,
especially
the
Churches
craving
assistance
from
them
for
their
further
edification
:
And
that
this
they
had
done
,
not
to
disturb
the
Kingdome
,
but
that
the
people
might
be
taught
the
Gospel
of
peace
;
and
if
they
were
accused
for
any
thing
further
then
this
,
that
they
were
ready
to
answer
their
accusers
before
the
King
:
So
this
business
went
no
further
.
The
same
year
Master
Calvin
and
Master
Beza
,
answered
the
impudent
book
of
Tileman
Hushusius
.
Heshusius
answered
.
Master
Calvin
also
confuted
those
blasphemies
which
Gentilis
had
published
at
Lions
against
him
,
and
Athanasius
:
He
published
also
his
Lectures
upon
Daniel
,
which
he
dedicated
to
the
French
Churches
;
and
as
he
interpreted
that
Prophet
,
so
in
his
Praeface
he
was
himselfe
a
Prophet
,
so
etelling
the
tempest
that
hung
over
them
.
At
which
time
also
Francis
Balduinus
,
Ecebolius
.
his
errors
.
afterwards
called
Ecebolius
,
because
he
had
changed
his
religion
three
or
four
time
,
being
suborned
by
the
Cardinall
of
Lorrain
,
by
evill
means
reconciled
to
the
King
of
Navar
,
dispersed
a
certain
book
up
and
down
the
Court
,
written
either
by
himself
,
or
(
as
some
rather
thought
)
by
Cassander
,
wherein
he
stiled
himself
a
pious
and
moderate
man
,
which
book
was
worse
then
the
Emperors
Interim
,
for
that
under
the
specious
pretence
of
restoring
moderation
,
he
sought
to
bring
in
all
the
Popish
corruptions
.
Master
Calvin
being
informed
hereof
published
an
answer
to
this
book
,
Confu●ed
.
to
which
some
other
answers
were
shortly
after
added
,
which
made
a
full
discovery
of
,
the
wit
and
purpose
of
Balduinus
,
which
this
railer
could
by
no
means
digest
,
whereupon
he
never
gave
over
to
brand
Calvin
and
Beza
with
his
impudent
reproaches
;
till
the
year
after
being
growne
odious
both
to
God
and
men
,
Gods
judgements
on
him
.
of
both
Religions
whom
he
had
so
often
deceived
by
his
turning
,
whilst
he
was
following
a
suit
of
Law
at
Paris
,
he
wore
away
,
and
ended
his
wretched
life
.
In
the
year
1562.
1562.
God
gave
peace
and
liberty
to
the
French
Churches
,
by
a
publick
Edict
of
the
Kings
:
But
not
long
after
,
the
King
of
Navar
being
suborned
by
Popish
subtilty
,
presently
after
the
Duke
of
Guise
had
committted
that
abominable
massacre
at
Vassy
,
Civil
war
in
France
.
began
that
civil
,
war
which
continued
many
years
after
,
to
the
miserable
devastation
of
France
;
and
it
cannot
be
spoken
how
much
Master
Calvin
was
affected
and
afflicted
therewith
,
which
so
far
increased
his
disease
,
that
it
was
easie
to
divine
,
that
it
would
not
be
long
before
he
was
translated
to
a
better
life
;
yet
did
he
not
desist
from
exhorting
and
comforting
every
one
,
no
nor
from
preaching
and
reading
his
ordinary
Lectures
.
And
the
same
yeare
he
published
that
excellent
confession
of
Faith
,
which
was
sent
to
the
States
of
the
Empire
met
together
at
Franckeford
,
in
the
name
of
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
and
of
all
the
Godly
in
France
,
who
besides
the
injuries
which
they
sustained
by
an
unjust
war
,
were
unworthly
traduced
to
the
Germans
,
as
if
they
held
many
false
and
monstrous
opinions
.
One
thing
also
is
not
to
be
pretermitted
,
that
on
the
nineteenth
of
Decem.
Master
Calvin
lying
in
bed
sick
of
the
Gout
,
being
the
Sabbath
day
,
and
the
North-wind
having
blowne
two
dayes
strongly
,
said
to
many
that
were
present
,
A
prodigy
.
Truly
I
know
not
what
is
the
matter
,
but
I
thought
this
night
I
heard
warlick
drums
beating
very
loud
,
and
I
could
not
perswade
my selfe
but
it
was
so
:
Let
us
therefore
goe
to
prayers
,
for
surely
some
great
businesse
is
in
hand
.
And
this
very
day
there
was
a
great
Battail
fought
between
the
Guisians
and
the
Protestants
not
far
from
Paris
,
news
whereof
came
unto
Geneva
within
a
few
days
after
.
The
year
after
,
1563.
which
was
1563.
Master
Calvins
disease
did
so
far
increase
,
His
sickness
increaseth
.
that
it
was
almost
incredible
that
so
weak
a
body
,
exhausted
with
so
many
labours
,
and
worne
out
with
so
many
diseases
,
should
yet
retaine
so
valiant
and
generous
a
mind
:
So
that
even
then
he
could
not
be
perswaded
to
favour
himself
,
and
if
at
any
time
he
abstained
from
his
publick
labours
(
which
yet
he
never
did
but
when
His
indefatigable
pains
.
by
necessity
he
was
enforced
thereto
)
yet
he
was
busie
at
home
,
either
in
giving
counsell
to
those
that
sought
it
,
or
in
dictating
to
his
Scribes
;
the
witnesses
whereof
are
those
two
serious
admonitions
to
the
Polomans
,
to
take
heed
of
those
blasphemous
persons
which
denyed
the
Sacred
Trinity
.
The
answers
which
he
returned
to
the
brethrens
Messengers
,
who
were
now
met
in
a
Synod
at
Lions
;
his
Commentaries
upon
the
foure
books
of
Moses
,
which
himselfe
turned
out
of
Latin
into
French
.
And
lastly
his
commentary
upon
Joshua
,
which
he
now
began
,
and
finished
a
little
before
his
death
.
In
the
year
1564.
1564.
Feb.
the
sixth
,
Master
Calvin
being
short-winded
by
reason
of
a
stopping
in
his
lungs
,
His
la●t
Sermon
.
preached
his
last
Sermon
,
and
from
thence
forward
he
spake
little
,
onely
now
and
then
he
would
be
carried
to
the
Congregation
,
the
last
time
being
March
the
last
;
His
diseases
(
being
contracted
by
the
incredible
labours
both
of
his
mind
and
body
)
were
very
many
:
For
(
besides
that
naturally
he
was
but
of
a
weak
body
,
leane
,
and
inclinable
to
a
Consumption
)
he
slept
little
,
The
causes
of
his
sickness
.
&
spent
a
great
part
of
the
year
in
Preaching
,
Teaching
and
dictating
.
For
at
least
ten
years
together
he
abstained
from
dinners
,
taking
no
food
at
all
till
Supper
;
so
that
it
was
a
wonder
how
he
could
escape
a
Ptisick
so
long
.
He
was
often
troubled
with
the
head-ach
,
which
his
abstinence
onely
could
cure
,
whereupon
he
sometimes
fasted
thirty
six
hours
together
.
But
partly
through
straining
his
voice
,
and
partly
through
his
too
frequent
use
of
Aloe●
(
which
was
taken
notice
of
too
late
)
he
was
first
trouble●
with
the
Hemorrhoids
,
which
at
length
proved
ulcerous
,
and
then
five
years
before
his
death
he
did
many
times
spit
blood
:
And
when
his
Quartan
Ague
left
him
,
the
gout
took
him
in
his
right
leg
,
then
the
Collick
,
and
lastly
the
Stone
,
which
yet
he
never
discerned
till
a
few
months
before
his
death
.
The
Physicians
applyed
what
remedies
possibly
they
could
,
neither
was
there
ever
man
that
was
more
observant
of
their
rules
:
But
in
respect
of
the
labours
of
his
mind
,
he
was
extreame
negligent
of
his
health
,
so
that
the
violent
paines
of
headach
could
never
restraine
him
from
preaching
.
And
though
he
was
tormented
with
so
many
and
violent
diseases
,
yet
did
never
any
man
hear
him
utter
one
word
that
did
unbeseem
a
valiant
or
Christian
man
.
Onely
lifting
up
his
eyes
to
heaven
,
His
great
patience
.
he
used
to
say
,
How
long
Lord
?
For
he
often
used
this
Motto
in
his
health
,
when
he
spake
of
the
calamities
of
his
brethren
(
which
always
more
afflicted
him
then
his
own
.
)
When
as
his
Colleagues
admonished
and
earnestly
increated
him
,
that
in
his
sicknesse
he
would
abstaine
from
dictating
,
but
especially
from
writing
himself
:
He
answered
,
What
?
He
wil
not
intermit
his
labours
.
would
you
have
me
Idle
when
my
Lord
comes
?
March
the
tenth
when
al
the
Ministers
came
to
him
,
they
found
him
cloathed
,
and
sitting
at
his
little
Table
where
he
used
to
write
and
meditate
;
He
beholding
them
(
when
he
had
rubbed
his
forehead
a
while
with
his
hand
,
as
he
used
to
doe
when
he
meditated
)
with
a
cheerfull
countenance
,
said
,
I
give
you
hearty
thanks
(
my
dear
Brethren
)
for
the
great
care
you
have
of
me
,
and
I
hope
within
these
fifteen
dayes
(
which
was
the
time
that
they
were
to
meet
about
Church
censures
)
I
shall
be
present
at
your
Consistory
.
For
then
I
beleeve
God
will
declare
what
he
will
determine
concerning
me
,
and
that
he
will
receive
me
to
himselfe
:
Accordingly
he
was
present
that
day
,
which
was
March
the
four
and
twentieth
,
and
when
all
their
businesses
were
quietly
dispatched
,
His
speech
to
the
Ministers
.
he
told
them
that
God
had
given
him
some
further
delay
,
and
so
taking
a
French
Testament
in
his
hand
,
he
read
some
of
the
Annotations
upon
it
,
and
asked
the
Ministers
judgements
about
the
same
,
because
he
had
a
purpose
to
amend
them
.
The
day
after
he
was
somewhat
worse
,
as
being
tyred
with
the
former
dayes
labour
.
March
the
sever
▪
and
twentieth
he
caused
himself
to
bee
carried
in
his
chair
to
the
Senate
door
,
and
then
leaning
upon
two
,
he
walked
into
the
Court
,
and
there
presented
to
the
Senate
a
new
Rector
for
the
School
,
and
with
a
bare
head
,
He
goes
to
the
Senate
.
he
returned
them
thanks
for
all
their
former
favours
,
and
in
particular
for
the
great
care
they
had
of
him
in
his
sicknesse
:
For
I
perceive
(
saith
hee
)
that
this
is
the
last
time
that
I
shall
come
into
this
place
:
Which
words
hee
could
scarce
utter
,
his
voice
failing
him
,
and
so
with
many
teares
on
both
sides
,
hee
bade
them
farewell
.
April
the
second
,
which
was
Easter-day
,
though
hee
was
very
weak
,
yet
he
caused
himself
to
be
carried
to
the
Church
in
his
chaire
,
where
after
Sermon
hee
received
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
at
Mr.
Beza's
hands
,
He
receives
the
Sacrament
.
and
with
a
chearfull
countenance
,
though
weak
voice
,
sang
the
Psalme
with
the
rest
of
the
Congregation
,
shewing
,
though
in
a
dying
countenance
,
signes
of
much
inward
joy
.
April
the
●ive
and
twentieth
he
made
his
Will
in
this
form
;
In
the
name
of
God
Amen
,
He
makes
his
Will
.
Anno
Christi
1564
,
April
the
five
and
twentieth
,
I
Peter
Chenalat
,
Citizen
,
and
Notarie
of
Geneva
doe
witnesse
,
and
professe
,
that
being
sent
for
by
that
Reverend
man
John
Calvin
Minister
of
the
Word
of
God
in
the
Church
of
Geneva
,
and
a
free
Denizon
of
the
same
City
,
who
then
truly
was
sick
in
body
,
but
sound
in
mind
,
told
me
that
his
purpose
was
to
make
his
Testament
,
and
to
declare
his
last
Will
,
desiring
me
to
write
it
down
as
he
should
dictate
unto
me
with
his
tongue
,
which
I
professe
I
did
presently
word
by
word
as
he
told
me
,
neither
did
I
adde
,
or
diminish
any
thing
from
that
which
h●
spake
,
but
have
followed
the
very
form
suggested
by
him●
Whic●
was
this
.
In
the
name
of
the
Lord
Amen
,
I
John
Calvin
,
Mr.
Calvins
Will
.
Minister
of
the
Word
of
God
in
the
Church
of
Geneva
,
oppre●●ed
and
afflicted
with
divers
diseases
,
so
that
I
easily
think
that
the
Lord
God
hath
appointed
shortly
to
lead
me
out
of
this
world
,
I
therefore
have
determined
to
make
my
Testament
,
and
to
co●mit
to
writing
my
last
Will
in
this
form
following
.
First
I
give
thanks
to
God
,
that
taking
pitty
on
me
whom
he
created
and
placed
in
this
world
,
hath
delivered
mee
out
of
the
deep
darknesse
of
Idolatry
into
which
I
was
plunged
,
and
that
he
brought
me
into
the
light
of
his
Gospel
,
and
made
me
a
partaker
of
the
Doctrine
of
Salvation
,
whereof
I
was
most
unworthy
:
Neither
hath
he
onely
gently
and
graciously
born
with
my
fault●
,
and
sinnes
,
for
which
yet
I
deserved
to
be
rejected
by
him
,
and
driven
out
;
but
hath
used
towards
me
so
great
meck●esse
and
mildnesse
,
that
he
hath
vouchsafed
to
use
my
labours
in
preaching
and
publishing
the
Truth
of
his
Gospell
.
And
I
witnesse
and
professe
,
that
I
intend
to
passe
the
remainder
of
my
life
in
the
same
Faith
and
Religion
which
he
hath
delivered
to
mee
by
his
Gospell
,
and
not
to
seek
any
other
aid
or
refuge
for
Salvation
then
his
free
Adoption
,
in
which
alone
Salvation
resteth
.
And
with
all
my
heart
I
embrace
the
Mercy
which
he
hath
used
towards
me
for
Jesus
Christ
his
sake
,
recompensing
my
faults
with
the
merit
of
his
death
and
passion
,
that
satisfaction
may
be
made
by
this
meanes
for
all
my
sins
and
crimes
,
and
the
remembrance
of
them
may
be
blotted
out
.
I
witnesse
also
,
and
professe
that
I
humbly
begge
of
him
,
that
being
washed
and
cleansed
in
the
blood
of
that
highest
Redeemer
shed
for
the
sinnes
of
mankinde
,
I
may
stand
at
his
judgement
seat
under
the
Image
of
my
Redeemer
.
Also
I
professe
that
I
have
diligently
done
my
endeavour
according
to
the
measure
of
grace
received
,
and
bounty
which
God
hath
used
towards
me
,
that
I
might
preach
his
Word
holily
●nd
purely
both
in
Sermons
,
Writings
,
and
Commentaries
,
and
interpret
his
holy
Scripture
faithfully
.
I
also
witnesse
and
professe
that
I
have
used
no●uglings
,
no
evill
and
sophisticall
arts
in
my
controversies
and
disputations
which
I
have
held
with
the
enemies
of
the
Gospel
,
but
I
have
been
conversant
candidly
,
and
sincerely
in
maintaining
the
Truth
.
But
(
out
alasse
)
that
study
,
and
zeal
of
mine
(
if
it
be
worthy
so
to
be
called
)
hath
been
so
remisse
and
languishing
,
that
I
confesse
innumerable
things
have
been
wanting
to
me
to
the
well
performing
of
my
duty
,
and
unlesse
the
immeasurable
bounty
of
God
had
been
present
,
my
studies
had
been
vaine
,
and
vanishing
away
.
Moreover
I
acknowledge
that
unlesse
the
same
bounty
had
been
present
unto
me
,
the
goods
of
the
minde
which
God
hath
given
me
,
would
have
made
me
guilty
of
the
greater
sinne
,
and
slothfulnesse
before
his
judgement
seat
.
For
which
causes
I
witnesse
,
and
profess
,
that
I
hope
for
no
other
help
for
salvation
but
this
onely
,
that
seeing
God
is
a
Father
of
mercy
,
hee
shewed
himself
a
Father
unto
me
,
who
acknowledge
my self
a
miserable
sinner
.
As
for
other
things
;
After
my
departure
out
of
this
life
,
I
would
have
my
body
committed
to
the
earth
in
that
order
and
man●er
which
is
usuall
in
this
Church
and
City
,
till
the
blessed
day
of
Resurrection
cometh
.
As
touching
that
slender
Patrimony
which
God
hath
given
me
,
concerning
which
I
have
determined
thus
to
dispose
.
Let
Anthony
Calvin
my
most
dear
Brother
be
mine
heire
;
but
,
only
for
honour
sake
,
let
him
take
before
hand
,
and
have
to
himself
the
silver
Charger
which
was
given
me
by
Varannius
for
a
gift
,
wherewith
I
desire
him
to
be
contented
:
For
whatsoever
things
remaine
in
mine
●●heritance
,
I
request
,
and
commit
them
to
his
faith
,
that
he
returne
them
to
his
children
when
he
shall
dye
.
I
bequeath
tenne
g●●den
Scutes
to
the
School
of
boyes
from
the
same
my
brother
,
and
heire
.
Also
so
much
to
poore
strangers
.
So
much
to
Joane
the
daughter
of
Charles
Costan
,
and
of
my
Kinswoman
.
But
to
Samuel
and
John
,
the
sonnes
of
my
said
Brother
,
I
desire
to
have
given
to
them
forty
golden
Scutes
by
mine
heir
when
he
dieth
.
To
Anne
,
Sus●●
,
and
Dorothy
,
his
daughters
,
thirty
Scutes
of
gold
:
But
to
David
their
brother
,
because
of
his
lightnesse
and
miscarriages
,
but
five
and
twenty
Scutes
of
gold
.
This
is
the
summe
of
the
whole
Patrimony
and
goods
which
God
hath
given
me
,
so
neare
as
I
can
estimate
it
,
setting
a
price
upon
my
Library
,
my
moveables
,
and
all
my
houshold
goods
,
with
all
other
my
faculties
.
If
there
bee
found
any
thing
above
,
I
would
have
it
to
be
distributed
to
all
those
children
,
the
sons
and
daughters
of
my
brother
:
Neither
doe
I
exclude
that
David
,
if
hee
prove
a
good
husband
.
If
there
shall
be
any
surplusage
above
that
summe
,
I
beleeve
there
will
be
no
great
matter
,
especially
when
my
debts
are
paid
,
the
care
whereof
I
have
committed
to
my
said
brother
,
upon
whose
love
and
fide●ity
I
relye
:
For
which
cause
I
will
and
appoint
him
to
be
the
Executor
of
my
Testament
,
and
together
with
him
the
worshipfull
man
Laurence
Normendie
,
giving
them
power
to
take
an
Inventory
of
my
goods
without
any
more
accurate
diligence
of
the
Court
.
I
also
permit
them
to
sell
my
moveables
,
that
out
of
the
money
made
thereof
,
they
may
execute
my
Will
above
written
.
Dated
this
25.
of
April
,
Anno
Christi
1554.
When
this
Will
was
made
and
confirmed
,
Mr.
Calvin
sent
to
the
four
Syndi●s
,
and
all
the
Aldermen
,
desiring
to
speak
with
them
all
yet
once
more
in
the
Court
before
his
death
,
whither
he
hoped
to
be
carried
the
next
day
.
The
Senators
answered
,
that
they
would
rather
come
to
him
,
d●siring
him
to
have
a
regard
to
his
〈◊〉
:
And
the
day
after
when
they
came
all
to
him
from
〈◊〉
Court
,
after
mutuall
salutations
,
and
pardon
craved
for
their
comming
to
him
,
whereas
he
rather
would
have
come
to
them
,
and
p●ofessing
that
he
had
long
desired
to
speak
with
them
,
though
he
had
deferred
it
till
now
,
even
till
he
found
the
approaching
of
his
departure
out
of
this
world
,
he
said
:
Honoured
Masters
,
I
give
you
great
thanks
,
His
speech
to
the
Senators
.
that
ye
have
honoured
me
thus
far
,
having
not
deserved
it
from
you
,
and
for
that
you
have
so
often
borne
with
mine
infirmities
;
which
to
me
hath
alwaies
been
an
argument
of
your
singular
good
will
towards
me
:
And
albeit
in
performance
of
mine
office
it
could
not
be
but
that
I
must
undergoe
many
bickerings
,
and
divers
assaults
,
because
every
good
man
must
be
exercised
therewith
;
yet
I
know
,
and
acknowledge
that
none
of
these
things
have
falne
out
through
your
default
;
and
I
earnestly
beseech
you
,
that
if
I
have
not
alwaies
done
that
which
behoved
me
,
you
rather
would
have
regard
of
my
will
then
of
my
ability
.
For
I
can
truly
testifie
that
I
have
been
heartily
studious
of
the
welfare
of
your
Commonwealth
;
and
howsoever
I
have
not
fully
performed
mine
office
,
yet
surely
I
have
studied
the
publick
good
according
to
mine
ability
,
and
except
I
should
acknowledge
that
the
Lord
hath
used
my
service
sometimes
not
unprofitably
,
I
could
not
avoyd
the
crime
of
dissembling
.
But
this
I
requst
of
you
again
and
again
,
that
I
may
be
excused
by
you
for
that
the
things
are
so
little
,
that
I
have
publickly
and
privately
performed
in
comparison
of
those
things
which
it
behoved
me
to
have
done
.
Certainly
of
mine
own
accord
I
acknowledge
that
I
am
much
indebted
to
you
for
this
cause
also
,
that
yee
have
patiently
born
with
my
too
much
vehemencie
sometimes
;
which
sinne
also
I
trust
God
that
he
hath
forgiven
me
.
But
as
touching
the
Doctrin
that
you
have
heard
from
me
,
I
take
God
to
witness
that
I
have
not
rashly
and
uncertainly
,
but
purely
and
sincerely
taught
the
Word
of
God
intrusted
unto
me
,
whose
wrath
I
should
otherwise
have
felt
now
hanging
over
me
,
as
I
am
certainly
assured
that
my
labours
in
teaching
it
hath
not
been
displeasing
to
him
.
And
I
testifie
this
the
more
willingly
both
before
God
and
you
,
because
I
doubt
not
but
that
the
devill
(
according
to
his
custom
)
wil
raise
wicked
,
light
,
and
giddy-headed
people
to
corrupt
the
sincere
Doctrine
which
you
have
heard
from
me
.
Then
considering
the
unmeasurable
benefits
which
God
had
conferred
on
that
City
,
hee
said
;
I
am
a
very
good
witnesse
out
of
how
many
great
dangers
the
hand
of
the
great
and
best
God
hath
delivered
you
.
Mor●over
you
see
in
what
estate
you
now
are
;
therefore
whether
your
affairs
be
prosperous
or
adverse
,
let
that
be
alwaies
conversant
before
your
eyes
,
that
God
is
he
alone
that
establisheth
Kingdomes
,
and
Cities
,
and
therefore
will
be
wo●ship●ed
by
mortall
men
.
Remember
what
that
great
David
doth
testifie
,
that
when
he
enjoyed
a
deep
peace
he
fell
foulest
,
and
should
never
have
risen
again
if
God
of
his
singular
goodnesse
had
not
reached
out
his
hand
to
him
.
What
then
shall
become
of
such
punies
,
if
he
fell
being
so
strong
and
powerfull
a
man
?
Yee
had
need
of
great
humility
of
mind
,
that
yee
may
walk
circumspectly
,
and
with
great
reverence
before
God
,
and
trust
upon
him
onely
,
being
sure
that
it
will
alwaies
be
,
as
ye
have
often
found
,
that
by
his
aid
you
may
stand
sure
,
although
your
safety
and
welfare
may
be
hung
,
as
it
were●
upon
a
very
slender
thread
,
Wherefore
if
prosperity
befall
you
,
take
heed
I
pray
you
that
yee
be
not
puffed
up
with
pride
like
p●ophane
persons
,
but
rather
give
thanks
to
God
with
lowliness
of
mind
.
But
if
adversitie
shall
happen
unto
you
,
and
death
shall
stand
before
you
on
every
side
,
yet
trust
in
him
that
raiseth
up
the
dead
;
yea
then
especially
think
that
ye
are
stirred
up
by
God
,
that
ye
may
more
and
more
trust
in
him
alone
.
And
if
ye
desire
that
this
your
Commonwealth
may
be
preserved
in
a
firm
estate
,
see
that
you
be
not
defiled
with
any
filthiness
.
For
he
is
onely
the
highest
God
,
King
of
Kings
,
and
Lord
of
Lords
,
he
will
honour
those
that
honour
him
,
and
cast
down
those
that
despise
him
.
Honour
him
therefore
according
to
his
own
precepts
,
and
daily
thin●
of
this
,
that
we
are
farre
from
doing
that
which
is
required
of
us
.
I
know
the
dispositions
and
conversations
of
every
one
of
you
,
and
I
know
that
you
have
need
of
exhortation
.
There
is
none
of
those
that
excell
most
,
unto
whom
many
things
are
not
wanting
;
therefore
let
every
man
look
about
him
and
let
him
ask
of
the
Lord
those
things
which
he
understands
himself
to
stand
in
need
of
.
We
see
what
vices
reign
in
the
greatest
Councels
in
the
world
;
some
are
stark
cold
,
and
neglect
the
publick
,
taking
care
onely
for
their
own
private
affairs
:
Others
are
indulgent
to
their
private
affections
:
Others
use
not
the
excellent
gifts
God
hath
bestowed
upon
them
as
they
ought
:
Others
proudly
boast
of
〈◊〉
own
parts
,
and
upon
a
certain
confidence
therein
,
expect
that
every
man
should
subscribe
to
their
opinions
.
I
exhort
old
men
that
they
envy
not
the
younger
,
whom
they
finde
adorned
with
excellent
gifts
from
God
:
I
admonish
the
younger
,
that
they
carry
themselves
modestly
without
arrogance
;
and
let
not
one
molest
another
.
Avoyd
contentions
,
and
all
that
bitterness
of
spirit
which
diverts
many
from
the
right
way
in
the
government
of
the
Commonwealth
.
And
ye
shall
the
better
avoyd
these
things
,
if
every
man
contain
himself
within
his
own
spheare
and
all
administer
that
part
of
the
Commonwealth
faithfully
which
is
committed
to
him
.
I
pray
you
for
Gods
sake
,
let
there
bee
no
place
for
favour
or
hatred
in
the
judgement
of
civill
causes
.
Let
none
pervert
right
by
subtill
and
cunning
tricks
.
Let
no
man
hinder
the
Laws
from
prevailing
.
Let
no
man
depart
from
that
which
is
just
and
equall
.
If
sinister
affections
shall
beginne
to
arise
,
let
him
resist
them
constantly
,
looking
upon
h●m
that
hath
placed
him
in
his
throne
,
and
begge
of
him
his
holy
Spirit
.
To
conclude
,
I
begge
of
you
again
that
you
pardon
mine
infirmities
,
which
I
acknowledge
and
confess
before
God
,
Angels
,
and
your
worshipfull
selves
.
Having
thus
spoken
,
he
prayed
unto
God
to
multiply
his
gifts
and
blessings
upon
them
more
and
more
,
and
to
governe
them
by
his
holy
Spirit
for
the
safety
and
good
of
the
Commonwealth
.
And
giving
his
hand
to
every
of
them
,
he
dismissed
them
all
,
who
departed
full
of
sorrow
and
heavinesse
,
as
from
their
Common
Father
,
with
many
tears
.
April
the
eight
and
twentieth
,
the
Ministers
of
Geneva
being
come
to
him
,
he
spake
thus
unto
them
.
Brethren
,
His
speech
to
the
Ministers
.
after
my
decease
stand
fast
in
this
work
of
the
Lord
,
and
be
not
discou●aged
:
for
the
Lord
will
preserve
this
Church
&
Commonwealth
against
the
threatnings
of
the
enemies
.
I
pray
God
keep
you
from
dissentions
:
Embrace
one
ano●her
with
mutuall
charity
.
Think
again
,
and
again
what
you
owe
to
this
Church
where
in
the
Lord
hath
placed
you
,
and
let
nothing
divert
you
from
your
duty
:
Otherwise
it
will
be
easie
for
such
as
seek
them
to
finde
out
●●●sions
;
but
such
shall
finde
that
God
cannot
be
deceived
.
A
so●n
as
I
came
to
this
City
,
the
Gospel
indeed
was
preached
,
but
the
affaires
were
very
troublesome
,
man●
conceiting
that
Christianity
was
nothing
else
but
to
overthrow
Images
:
And
there
were
not
a
few
wicked
persons
from
whom
I
suffered
many
most
unworthy
things
:
But
the
Lord
our
God
so
confirmed
and
strengthened
mee
(
though
by
nature
was
not
bold
)
that
I
gave
not
place
to
any
of
their
endeavours
.
Afterwards
when
I
returned
hither
from
Strasborough
,
I
followed
this
vocation
with
an
unwilling
mind
,
because
it
seemed
to
me
that
it
would
prove
unfruitfull
,
for
I
knew
not
what
the
Lord
had
determined
,
and
the
matter
was
full
of
many
and
great
difficulties
:
But
going
on
,
at
last
I
found
that
God
had
much
blessed
my
labours
.
Stand
fast
therefore
in
this
your
vocation
:
Retaine
that
order
that
is
begun
,
and
doe
your
uttermost
endeavours
that
the
people
may
be
kept
in
subjection
to
your
wholsome
Doctrine
:
for
some
are
wicked
and
stubborn
.
Things
as
you
see
are
through
Gods
mercy
well
setled
,
and
therefore
ye
shall
be
left
without
excuse
before
God
,
if
through
your
s●thfulness
they
be
unsetled
again
.
I
profess
,
Brethren
,
that
I
have
lived
with
you
con●oyned
in
true
love
,
and
sincere
charity
,
and
that
I
now
so
depart
from
you
.
If
you
have
found
me
any
whit
pettish
in
this
my
disease
.
I
crave
pardon
of
you
,
and
give
you
very
great
thanks
,
that
y●
have
sustained
the
burthen
imposed
upon
me
,
during
the
time
o●
my
sicknesse
.
Having
thus
spoken
,
he
gave
his
hand
to
each
of
them
▪
who
departed
from
him
with
much
sorrow
,
and
weeping
.
A
while
after
Master
Calvin
,
understanding
by
Letters
from
Mr.
Farel
to
Mr.
Viret
,
who
was
now
an
old
man
of
eighty
years
old
and
sickly
,
was
yet
determined
to
visit
him
,
and
was
now
onward
of
his
journey
;
he
wrote
thus
to
him
to
stay
him
.
Farewell
my
best
and
sincerest
brother
,
and
seeing
God
will
have
you
to
out
live
me
in
this
world
,
Hi●
Letter
to
M●
.
Viret
.
live
mindful
of
our
friendship
,
which
as
it
hath
been
profitable
for
the
Church
of
God
here
,
so
the
fruit
thereof
tarrieth
for
us
in
heaven
.
I
would
not
have
you
weary
your self
for
my
sake
.
I
hardly
draw
my
breath
,
and
I
expect
daily
when
it
will
wholly
fail
me
.
It
is
enough
that
I
live
and
die
to
Christ
,
who
is
gaine
to
his
both
in
life
and
death
.
Again
farewell
.
May
11.
Anno
Christi
1564.
Yet
for
all
this
Letter
the
good
old
man
came
to
Geneva
,
Viret
comes
to
him
.
and
having
fully
conferred
with
Mr.
Calvin
,
returned
back
to
Neocom
.
The
rest
of
his
dayes
,
even
till
his
departure
,
Mr.
Calvin
spent
almost
in
perpetuall
prayer
,
with
his
eyes
fixed
upon
heaven
,
and
his
voice
full
of
sighes
,
by
reason
of
his
short
breath
.
May
the
seven
and
twentieth
,
being
the
day
whereon
hee
departed
,
he
seemed
to
speak
more
strongly
,
and
with
lesse
difficulty
;
but
this
was
but
a
lightning
before
death
.
In
the
evening
about
eight
a
clock
,
on
the
sudden
certain
signes
of
present
death
appeared
;
at
which
time
Mr.
Beza
being
newly
departed
from
him
,
some
ran
to
acquaint
him
therewith
;
whereupon
he
presently
returned
,
but
found
him
to
have
yeelded
up
his
spirit
into
the
hands
of
God
,
without
the
least
strugling
,
yea
not
so
much
ascending
forth
one
groan
,
having
had
his
understanding
,
memory
,
and
voice
even
to
the
last
gasp
,
being
much
more
like
to
one
that
was
faln
asleep
then
dead
.
His
Death
.
So
that
that
day
at
Sun-setting
,
that
great
bright
light
was
taken
out
of
this
world
.
That
night
,
and
the
day
following
,
there
was
great
weeping
and
wailing
all
over
the
City
.
Many
Citizens
and
Strangers
desired
to
see
him
after
he
was
dead
,
and
amongst
the
rest
Queen
Elizabeths
Ambassadors
,
who
being
sent
into
France
,
were
then
there
.
The
next
day
after
being
the
Sabbath
,
his
body
was
coffined
;
and
in
the
afternoon
hee
was
carried
forth
,
the
Senators
,
Pastors
,
and
Professors
of
the
School
,
and
almost
the
whole
City
following
the
corse
,
not
without
abundance
of
tears
:
He
was
buried
in
the
common
Church-yard
,
without
much
pomp
,
no
Tombstone
being
added
,
as
himself
had
commanded
;
whereupon
Master
Beza
made
these
verses
.
Romae
ruentis
terror
ille
maximus
,
Quem
mo●tuum
lugem
boni
,
Pez●s
verses
on
him
.
horr
scunt
mali
,
Ipsa
à
quo
potuit
virtutem
discere
virtus
;
Cur
ad●o
exi●●io
,
ignot
o●
,
in
cespite
clausus
Calvinus
〈◊〉
●ogas
?
Calvi●●n
assidue
comitat
!
Modestia
vivum
,
Hoc
turmulo
mamb●s
cendid●
ipsa
suis.
Ote
beatum
cespitem
tanto
hospite
!
O
cu●
invidere
possunt
cuncta
Marmora
!
He
was
a
man
of
an
incredible
and
most
ready
memory
,
His
Character
.
in
the
middest
of
almost
infinite
distractions
,
and
of
a
most
exact
judgement
.
He
was
very
regardless
of
means
,
and
preferment
,
even
when
it
was
often
offered
:
He
eat
little
meat
,
took
very
little
sleep
,
was
wholly
compounded
of
sweetness
and
gravity
:
Discreet
and
mild
he
was
in
bearing
with
mens
infirmities
;
yet
would
he
severely
without
dissimulation
reprove
their
vices
,
which
freedom
he
alwayes
used
from
a
child
:
Such
a
Preacher
he
was
,
that
like
another
Or
pheus
,
he
drew
England
,
Spain
and
Italy
to
him
,
filling
Geneva
with
strangers
.
Such
a
voluminous
writer
,
that
(
as
it
was
said
of
Saint
Augustine
)
he
wrote
more
then
another
can
well
read
.
His
writings
were
so
eagerly
received
,
that
as
most
rare
and
precious
peeces
they
were
forthwith
translated
into
all
Languages
.
〈…〉
What
shall
I
speak
of
his
indefatigable
industry
,
even
beyond
the
power
of
nature
,
which
being
parallelled
with
our
loitring
,
I
feare
will
exceed
all
creedit
?
〈◊〉
admirable
〈◊〉
and
may
be
a
true
object
of
admiration
,
how
his
leane
,
worne
,
spent
,
and
wearyish
body
could
possibly
hold
out
.
He
read
every
week
in
the
year
three
Divinity
Lectures
,
and
every
other
week
over
and
above
he
preached
every
day
,
so
that
(
as
Erasmus
saith
of
Chrysostome
)
I
doe
not
know
whether
more
to
admire
the
indefatigableness
of
the
man
,
or
his
hearers
.
Yea
,
some
have
reckoned
up
that
his
Lectures
were
year●ly
one
hundred
eighty
six
,
his
Sermons
two
hundred
eighty
six
,
besides
every
Thursday
he
sat
in
the
Presbytery
.
Every
Friday
when
the
Ministers
met
in
conference
to
expound
hard
Texts
,
he
made
as
good
as
a
Lecture
.
Yea
,
besides
there
was
scarce
a
day
,
wherein
he
spent
not
some
part
either
by
word
or
writing
,
in
answering
the
questions
and
doubts
of
sundry
Pastors
,
and
Churches
that
sought
unto
him
for
advice
and
c●●●sell
:
Over
and
above
which
there
was
no
year
passed
wherin
came
not
forth
from
him
some
great
volume
or
other
in
Folio
,
so
that
in
few
years
(
besides
many
golden
Tractats
,
and
sundry
exquisite
answers
,
which
upon
short
warning
he
made
to
principall
adversaries
)
his
huge
explications
upon
the
five
books
of
Moses
,
Joshua
,
Job
,
Psalms
,
all
the
Prophets
,
and
upon
the
whole
new
Testament
,
came
forth
into
the
world
fuller
of
pithy
sententious
matter
then
of
Paper
.
These
things
considered
what
breathing
time
could
he
find
for
idleness
,
or
loose
thoughts
?
In
his
last
grievous
sickness
,
procured
by
his
intollerable
labours
,
he
could
scarce
be
compelled
by
his
friends
to
pretermit
his
daily
task
of
preaching
,
and
reading
his
Divinity
Lectures
,
and
at
home
,
when
he
could
not
goe
abroad
,
he
rather
wearied
others
with
continuall
dictating
to
them
,
then
himself
.
Nothing
was
more
frequent
in
his
mouth
then
this
,
Of
all
things
an
idle
life
is
most
irkesome
to
me
;
and
when
his
friends
used
all
their
endeavours
to
perswade
him
to
favour
and
respect
himself
:
Why
(
saith
he
)
will
yee
have
God
to
finde
me
idle
at
his
coming
?
Yea
,
such
conscience
did
he
make
of
mispending
a
minute
,
that
he
was
loath
to
detaine
the
Ministers
that
came
to
visit
him
from
their
publick
exercises
.
What
wonder
then
is
it
,
that
he
scarce
attained
to
the
age
of
56.
〈◊〉
Yea
,
rather
its
a
wonder
that
he
lived
so
long
.
Indeed
he
lived
but
54.
years
ten
months
and
seventeen
dayes
,
the
half
of
which
time
he
spent
in
the
holy
Ministry
of
the
Gospel
.
Many
slanders
were
cast
upon
him
,
Sland●●s
answered
.
As
that
he
was
Ambitious
.
But
how
could
that
be
,
whereas
he
preferred
his
abode
in
the
Common-wealth
,
and
Church
of
Geneva
,
before
all
other
places
,
which
he
called
the
Shop
of
poverty
.
Others
charge
him
that
he
studied
to
heap
up
riches
,
whereas
his
last
Testament
shews
that
he
was
a
very
poor
man
;
for
all
his
goods
,
yea
and
his
Library
being
sold
very
dear
(
saith
Master
Beza
)
scarcely
amounted
to
three
hundred
crowns
:
And
Calvin
himself
in
his
life
time
hearing
of
this
impudent
slander
,
answered
:
If
I
cannot
perswade
men
whilst
I
am
alive
that
I
am
no
great
monied
man
,
yet
my
death
will
shew
it
.
And
the
Senat
at
Geneva
can
testifie
that
his
stipend
being
very
small
,
he
was
so
far
from
being
not
contented
therewith
,
that
when
they
offered
to
enlarge
his
pensions
,
he
utterly
refused
the
same
:
and
by
the
small
estate
which
he
left
at
his
death
it
appears
also
,
His
co●●entation
.
that
either
his
gifts
were
not
great
,
or
else
that
he
spent
as
God
sent
.
Some
reproached
him
for
his
brother
A.
Calvin
because
he
was
divorced
from
his
wife
,
who
was
proved
an
adulteresse
:
What
would
these
men
have
said
,
if
he
had
kept
an
adulteresse
in
his
house
?
May
they
not
as
well
reproach
Jacob
,
David
,
yea
,
and
Christ
himselfe
,
for
that
one
of
his
Disciples
was
a
Divel
,
as
himselfe
told
them
?
Some
said
that
he
was
given
to
delights
and
luxury
:
His
many
great
books
easily
confute
this
slander
.
Some
gave
out
impudently
that
he
ruled
in
Geneva
both
in
Church
and
Common-wealth
,
so
that
he
sometimes
face
upon
the
Tribunall
?
But
for
these
things
neither
they
which
knew
him
,
nor
ensuing
ages
who
may
collect
his
manners
out
of
his
writing
,
will
give
any
credit
to
them
.
But
it
s
far
more
easie
to
calumniate
then
to
imitate
him
.
Omnia
Calvini
opera
quae
diversis
chartarum
formis
edita
,
His
works
.
si
uno
formae
genere
imprimerentur
,
justae
magnitudinis
Tomos
20.
in
Folio
efficerent
.
Most
of
them
are
mentioned
particularly
in
his
life
.
The
Life
of
William
Farellus
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1555.
WIlliam
Farellus
was
borne
in
the
Delphinate
,
of
a
Noble
Family
,
His
birth
and
education
.
Anno
Christi
1589.
and
sent
to
Paris
to
be
brought
up
in
learning
,
and
was
one
of
the
first
that
made
a
publick
Profession
of
the
Gospel
in
France
.
But
when
persecution
arose
,
he
fled
into
Helvetia
,
the
better
to
propagate
the
Gospel
,
where
he
grew
into
familiarity
with
Zuinglius
,
Occolampadius
,
Bartholdus
,
Flight
●n
persecutio●
.
and
Hallerus
.
Anno
Christi
1524.
he
went
to
Basil
,
where
he
profered
a
publick
disputation
with
the
Popish
Divines
of
that
place
,
but
the
Masters
of
the
Universitie
would
not
suffer
it
,
saying
,
He
challengeth
t●e
Papists
.
That
his
Theses
savoured
of
the
new
Doctrine
;
till
the
Senate
being
informed
hereof
,
gave
him
free
liberty
of
disputing
,
and
then
Farellus
set
up
his
Theses
publickly
in
the
Colledge
,
which
were
these
.
Christus
nobis
perfectam
vivendi
regulam
praescripsit
.
Christi
mandata
sunt
observanda
:
His
Theses
.
in
quibus
iis
qui
continentiae
donum
non
habent
,
matrimonium
praecipitur
.
Alienum
est
evangelii
luce
,
&
Judaicum
,
discrimen
vestitus
,
ciborum
&
aliarum
ceremonia●um
observare
.
Periculosae
sunt
preces
mu●torum
verborum
,
contra
Christi
mandatum
.
Christi
mandata
non
sunt
in
consilia
convertenda
,
n●c
contra
.
Soli
Deo
Sacrificia
offerenda
,
quae
Spiritus
dictat
,
&c.
When
these
Positions
were
divulged
,
the
Bishops
Vicar
,
the
Rector
,
and
Governours
of
the
University
forbade
all
under
them
,
upon
pain
of
excommunication
,
either
to
dispute
or
to
harken
to
them
.
The
Senate
on
the
contrary
thinking
that
this
command
derogated
from
their
authority
,
commanded
their
Parish
Ministers
,
and
students
of
the
University
that
they
should
be
present
,
and
if
they
did
otherwise
,
they
forbad
them
the
use
of
their
mills
,
furnaces
and
Merchandize
.
Hereupon
a
Disputation
ensued
in
a
great
Assembly
of
the
Clergy
and
Citizens
.
But
shortly
after
the
Bishops
Vicar
,
and
the
Rector
of
the
University
,
and
their
Popish
faction
drove
him
by
force
from
Basil
,
their
darknesse
not
enduring
the
light
.
He
is
driven
from
Basil.
Neither
was
the
servant
greater
then
his
Master
.
From
thence
he
went
to
Mont-Bellicard
and
to
some
other
places
,
where
he
preached
the
Gospel
with
so
much
fervour
and
zeal
,
that
it
was
evident
unto
all
,
that
he
was
called
of
God
thereunto
.
Anno
Christi
,
1527.
he
went
to
a
certain
Towne
called
AElin
,
where
he
preached
the
Gospel
,
and
was
admonished
by
Occolampadius
to
mingle
prudence
with
his
z●al
.
His
Labors
.
Anno
1528.
he
went
to
Aquileta
amongst
the
Bernates
,
where
he
preached
Christ
,
and
undauntedly
opposed
Antichrist
;
disputing
also
with
divers
at
Bern
,
whereupon
ensued
a
wonderfull
change
in
Ecclesiasticall
affaires
.
Anno
Christi
1528.
he
with
V●ret
went
to
Geneva
,
He
goes
to
Geneva
.
where
they
planted
the
Church
,
and
propagated
the
Gospel
,
and
many
of
the
Citizens
imbraced
it
;
yet
at
first
not
so
much
out
of
love
to
the
truth
as
out
of
hatred
to
Popish
Tyranny
.
Long
he
had
not
been
there
before
the
Bishops
Officers
drew
him
into
the
Bishops
Count
,
which
two
of
the
Studies
much
disliked
,
the
rather
because
Farell
promised
them
that
he
would
prove
all
his
Doctrine
out
of
the
holy
Scriptures
;
Popish
malice
.
So
that
they
accompanied
him
into
the
Bishops
Court
,
that
they
might
see
all
things
to
proceed
in
judgement
lawfully
:
but
it
fell
out
otherwise
:
For
the
Judge
of
the
Court
would
by
no
means
endure
a
Disputation
,
saying
,
Popish
rage
.
If
that
be
suffered
,
all
our
mystery
will
be
destroyed
;
and
withall
railing
upon
Farell
,
he
said
,
Thou
most
wicked
devill
,
why
camest
thou
to
this
City
to
trouble
us
?
I
am
not
(
answered
Farel
)
as
you
call
me
,
but
I
preach
Jesus
Christ
who
was
crucified
for
our
sins
,
His
zeal
and
courage
.
and
rose
againe
,
and
he
that
beleeveth
in
his
name
shall
bee
saved
:
This
is
the
summe
of
my
arrant
:
I
am
a
debtor
unto
all
that
are
ready
to
hear
,
and
obey
the
Gospel
,
desiring
this
onely
,
that
the
obedience
of
Faith
may
flourish
every
where
;
and
I
came
into
this
City
to
see
if
there
were
any
that
would
lend
me
he
hearing
,
and
I
wilrender
an
account
of
my
faith
and
hope
every
where
;
and
will
confirm
my
Doctrine
with
my
blood
if
need
be
.
The
High
Priests
charge
.
Then
cryed
out
one
of
the
Court
in
Latine
;
He
hath
blasphemed
,
what
need
we
any
more
witnesses
?
He
is
guilty
of
death
.
Hurle
him
into
Rhodanus
:
Hurle
him
into
the
Rhodanus
;
its
better
this
one
Lutheran
should
be
put
to
death
,
then
that
further
troubles
should
be
raised
.
Farel
answered
;
Popish
malice
.
Do
not
utter
the
words
of
Caiphas
,
but
of
God
.
Then
one
strake
him
on
the
mouth
with
his
fist
,
and
hee
was
commanded
to
stand
aside
as
if
they
would
consult
,
and
in
the
interim
he
was
shot
at
with
a
gunne
by
the
Vicars
serving-man
,
Gods
mercy
.
but
it
hit
him
not
,
God
defending
his
servant
.
And
though
one
of
the
Syndics
favoured
him
,
yet
now
the
other
shrunk
from
him
,
so
that
the
Bishops
Councell
prevailed
that
he
should
be
driven
out
of
the
City
.
He
is
driven
from
Geneva
.
And
thus
being
accompanyed
with
some
Citizens
,
hee
,
and
his
partner
Anthony
Salner
were
expelled
the
City
,
but
God
turned
it
to
the
great
good
of
others
,
for
they
sowed
the
seed
of
the
Word
in
the
neighbouring
Country
,
by
the
side
of
the
Lake
Lemannus
,
viz.
at
Orba
and
Granson
.
Neither
yet
(
through
Gods
power
and
goodnesse
)
was
the
work
interrupted
at
Geneva
:
For
just
at
the
same
time
came
a
young
man
of
the
Delphinate
,
A
speciall
providence
.
called
Anthony
Frumentius
,
who
entering
into
the
City
taught
a
publick
School
,
&
together
with
the
Rudiments
of
Grammer
,
he
most
happily
layd
the
Foundation
of
Christian
Religion
in
the
hearts
and
mindes
of
his
Scholars
,
which
were
not
a
few
.
Anno
Christi
1541
,
Master
Farel
went
to
Metis
,
and
preached
in
the
Church-yard
of
the
Dominicans
;
He
goes
to
Metis
.
The
Friers
,
when
they
could
not
otherwise
hinder
him
,
rang
their
Bells
:
But
he
having
a
strong
voice
,
did
so
strain
it
,
that
he
went
on
audibly
to
the
end
of
his
Sermon
.
The
day
after
there
came
about
three
thousand
persons
together
to
hear
the
Word
of
God
;
but
some
that
favoured
the
Gospel
,
intreated
Mr.
Farel
so
long
to
forbear
,
as
till
he
might
preach
without
a
tumult
.
Then
was
he
questioned
by
the
Magistrates
,
by
what
authority
,
or
by
whose
request
he
preached
.
To
which
hee
answered
,
By
the
command
of
Christ
,
and
at
the
request
of
his
Members
:
Gravely
discoursing
both
of
his
own
authority
,
and
of
the
excellency
of
the
Gospel
;
telling
the
Magistrate
what
his
duty
was
in
reference
thereunto
.
But
shortly
after
,
by
the
command
of
the
Emperour
,
the
Citizens
of
Metis
were
forbidden
to
hear
any
man
preach
who
was
not
licensed
by
the
Bishop
,
and
some
others
.
Whereupon
Mr.
Farel
went
from
thence
to
Neocome
,
He
goes
to
Neocome
.
where
he
wholly
employed
himself
in
the
service
of
the
Church
,
performing
the
office
of
a
faithfull
Pastor
to
extreame
old
age
,
with
admirable
zeale
and
diligence
.
When
he
heard
of
Calvin's
sicknesse
in
the
year
1564
,
His
Friendship
hee
could
not
satisfie
himself
,
though
he
was
seventy
years
old
,
but
he
must
goe
to
Geneva
to
visit
him
.
He
survived
Calvin
one
year
,
His
death
.
and
odde
moneths
,
and
died
aged
76
years
,
Anno
Christi
1565.
Anno
Christi
1553
,
the
Genevians
(
though
they
owed
themselves
wholly
to
him
)
yet
were
carried
on
with
such
fury
,
Sathans
malice
that
they
would
have
condemned
Farel
to
death
;
and
did
such
things
against
him
,
that
Calvin
wished
hee
might
might
have
expiated
their
anger
with
his
blood
.
This
was
that
Farel
who
(
discouraged
by
no
difficulties
,
deterred
with
no
threatnings
,
reproaches
,
or
stripes
)
gained
to
Christ
multitudes
in
Montbelgard
,
Aquileia
,
Lausanna
,
Geneva
,
and
Neocome
.
The
great
effects
of
his
Ministery
.
There
was
in
him
,
besides
piety
,
learning
,
innocency
of
life
,
and
exemplary
modesty
,
a
certain
singular
presence
of
mind
,
sharp
wit
,
and
vehemency
of
speech
,
so
that
he
rather
seemed
to
thunder
then
speak
;
and
lastly
such
admirable
fervency
in
his
prayers
,
His
Character
.
that
he
seemed
to
carry
his
hearers
into
heaven
with
him
.
Farellus
concionibus
magis
quam
scriptionibus
operam
dedit
:
Edidit
tamen
Themata
quaedam
disputanda
Basiliae
,
His
Works
.
excusa
Latinè
&
Germanicè
.
Disputationem
Bernae
habitam
Latinè
anno
1528.
Beza
made
these
verses
of
him
.
Gallica
mirata
est
Calvinum
Ecclesia
semper
,
Quo
nemo
docuit
doctius
.
Est
quoque
te
semper
mirata
,
Farelle
,
tonantem
,
Quo
nemo
tonuit
fortius
.
PET:
PAV
:
VERGERIVS
The
Life
of
Vergerius
,
who
died
Anno
Christi
1562.
PEter
Paul
Vergerius
,
His
great
Learning
.
was
a
man
excellently
learned
both
in
the
Law
and
Popish
Divinity
,
wherein
hee
attained
the
highest
degrees
.
Anno
Christi
1530
,
at
which
time
that
famous
Convention
at
Augsburg
was
appointed
,
hee
was
sent
by
Pope
Clement
the
seventh
as
his
Legate
into
Germany
,
Sent
Legate
into
Germany
.
to
improve
his
uttermost
abilities
to
hinder
a
National
Council
,
and
accordingly
he
bestirred
himselfe
to
hinder
and
endamage
the
Lutherans
;
and
that
he
might
the
better
encourage
the
Popish
Divines
,
viz.
Faber
,
His
Policy
.
Eccius
,
Cochlaeus
,
and
Nausea
,
to
play
the
men
in
their
Masters
cause
,
he
bestowed
sundry
favours
and
gifts
upon
them
.
He
also
,
by
his
Legantine
power
,
made
Eccius
Cannon
of
Ratisbone
.
Anno
Christi
1534
,
He
is
sent
for
●o
Rome
.
Paul
the
third
sent
for
him
to
Rome
to
give
an
account
of
the
state
of
affairs
in
Germany
,
which
when
he
had
done
,
the
Pope
deliberated
with
his
Cardinals
what
course
was
fittest
to
be
taken
to
prevent
a
Nationall
Council
,
till
as
Caesar
and
the
other
Kings
could
be
stirred
up
to
war
by
their
secret
instigations
;
and
so
after
a
while
he
sent
back
Vergerius
into
Germany
,
He
is
sent
back
in●o
Germany
.
to
promise
the
Princes
,
that
a
General
Council
should
be
held
at
Mantua
;
but
withall
to
prescribe
such
rules
about
comming
to
it
,
as
he
knew
the
Protestant
Divines
would
not
accept
of
.
He
had
in
charge
also
to
stirre
up
the
Prince's
mindes
against
the
King
of
England
,
Popish
subtilty
and
to
profer
his
Kingdom
to
whosoever
would
conquer
it
,
and
to
try
if
by
any
meanes
he
could
take
off
Luther
and
Melancthon
from
prosecuting
what
they
had
begunne
.
There
were
also
nine
Cardinals
and
Bishops
chosen
out
(
the
better
to
delude
the
Germans
)
who
were
to
consider
of
,
and
to
prescribe
a
form
of
Reforming
the
Church
,
which
accordingly
they
did
.
Hereupon
Anno
Christi
1535
,
he
went
back
from
Rome
into
Germany
,
to
King
Ferdinand
,
where
he
met
with
the
Lantgrave
of
Hesse
,
He
bestirs
himselfe
in
Germany
.
and
opened
to
him
the
Popes
purpose
of
calling
a
Councill
:
After
which
he
went
to
the
rest
of
the
Princes
to
impart
the
same
to
them
also
.
Then
went
hee
to
Luther
at
Wittenberg
,
where
with
better
diligence
then
successe
,
hee
prosecuted
what
hee
had
in
Commission
to
him
.
About
the
end
of
that
year
the
Princes
by
their
writing
returned
answer
to
Vergerius
.
And
the
year
after
when
Caesar
went
to
Naples
,
Vergerius
was
called
home
by
the
Pope
,
to
whom
he
shewed
the
success
of
his
affairs
,
He
gives
an
account
to
the
Pope
.
viz.
That
the
Protestants
required
a
free
and
Christian
Councill
to
be
convened
within
the
borders
of
Germany
,
as
the
Emperour
had
promised
.
That
there
was
no
hope
of
gaining
Luther
,
and
his
associates
,
but
by
their
destruction
:
That
the
Protestant
Princes
would
not
hearken
to
any
thing
about
England
,
and
that
the
other
Princes
were
very
cold
also
in
that
cause
;
and
that
George
Duke
of
Saxony
had
told
him
,
that
there
was
great
danger
from
the
Lutherans
,
which
could
by
no
other
means
be
prevented
,
except
the
Emperour
and
Pope
would
make
war
with
them
.
Hereupon
the
Pope
commanded
him
to
make
all
the
haste
he
could
to
Naples
,
He
is
sent
to
the
Emperour
.
to
acquaint
the
Emperour
herewith
,
especially
to
excite
him
all
hee
could
to
take
up
armes
against
the
Lutherans
:
But
when
Caesar
came
to
Rome
,
Anno
Christi
1536
,
he
pressed
the
Pope
for
a
Generall
Councill
,
desiring
to
carry
back
with
him
into
Germany
the
Patent
for
it
.
The
Emperor
deals
with
the
Pope
about
a
Council
.
The
Pope
denyed
not
his
request
,
but
told
him
that
hee
would
chuse
a
City
in
Italy
for
it
,
and
that
he
would
prescribe
such
Rules
for
it
as
were
most
necessary
for
the
Roman
Church
.
Caesar
answered
,
that
if
he
would
call
a
Councill
,
he
much
cared
not
where
it
was
,
presuming
that
he
could
bring
the
greatest
part
of
the
Germans
along
with
him
to
it
.
Then
did
the
Pope
with
his
assistants
draw
up
a
Patent
for
it
;
at
which
time
he
made
Vergerius
first
Bishop
of
Modrusium
,
and
shortly
after
of
Justinople
.
Anno
Christi
1537
,
Another
Legat
in
vain
.
the
Pope
intending
to
send
another
Legate
into
Germany
,
commanded
Vergerius
to
acquaint
him
with
the
state
of
the
Country
,
and
how
he
should
deport
himself
amongst
them
;
but
both
Master
and
Scholar
lost
their
labour
with
the
German
Princes
.
Anno
Christi
1541
,
Vergerius
was
again
sent
into
Germany
,
to
the
Convention
at
Worms
,
in
the
name
indeed
of
the
King
of
France
,
but
in
truth
,
that
under
that
pretence
he
might
the
better
promote
the
Popes
affairs
;
at
which
time
he
wrote
his
book
De
unitate
&
pace
Ecclesiae
:
The
scope
whereof
was
to
take
off
the
Germans
from
thinking
of
a
National
Council
.
Thus
Vergerius
for
a
long
time
had
been
serviceable
to
the
Popes
,
He
is
well
beloved
.
and
had
promoted
their
interest
;
he
had
also
●●ttained
great
favour
with
Princes
and
Kings
;
and
King
Ferdinand
did
so
highly
esteem
him
,
that
he
made
him
Godfather
to
his
Daughter
Katherine
:
Yet
at
last
he
fell
off
from
the
Pope
by
this
wonderfull
occasion
.
After
the
Convention
at
Wormes
he
was
called
back
to
Rome
,
and
the
Pope
being
to
make
some
Cardinals
,
intended
to
make
Vergerius
one
;
but
some
suggested
that
he
had
been
so
long
in
Germany
,
that
he
smelled
of
a
Lutheran
,
which
made
the
Pope
to
alter
his
purpose
;
which
when
Vergerius
was
informed
of
by
Cardinal
Ginucius
,
He
is
suspected
for
a
Lutheran
.
to
whom
the
Pope
had
told
it
,
he
was
wonderfully
astonished
,
and
that
he
might
purge
himself
,
went
into
his
own
country
,
purposing
to
write
a
booke
with
this
title
,
Against
the
Apostate
Germans
.
But
it
pleased
God
,
that
whilst
he
read
over
his
adversaries
books
,
His
wonderfull
conversion
.
with
an
intent
to
confute
them
,
himself
was
converted
by
them
:
Whereupon
casting
off
all
desires
of
a
Cardinalship
,
he
retired
himself
to
his
brother
,
He
retires
to
his
brother
.
John
Baptista
,
Bishop
of
Pola
,
and
communicating
his
thoughts
to
him
,
asked
his
advice
.
His
brother
at
first
was
much
astonished
,
and
bewailed
his
condition
;
but
after
a
while
was
perswaded
by
him
to
read
,
and
study
the
Scriptures
,
especially
in
the
point
of
Justification
by
Faith
,
wherby
it
pleased
God
that
he
also
saw
the
Popish
Doctrines
to
be
false
,
Bishop
of
Pola
is
converted
.
and
so
they
both
became
zealous
Preachers
of
Christ
to
the
people
of
Istria
,
Gods
mercy
.
diligently
inculcating
the
wonderful
benefits
which
we
have
by
Christ
,
and
shewing
what
Workes
they
be
that
God
requires
of
us
,
that
hereby
they
might
reduce
the
people
to
the
pure
worship
of
God
But
the
Devill
stirred
up
many
adversaries
against
them
,
Sathans
malice
.
●work●
specially
the
Friars
,
They
are
accused
to
the
Inquisitors
.
who
accused
them
to
the
Inquisitors
;
amongst
whom
was
Hannibal
Grisonius
,
and
his
companion
Hierom
Mutius
,
who
afterwards
writ
an
invective
against
Vergerius
,
traducing
also
Germany
it self
,
in
a
book
which
〈◊〉
set
out
in
hatred
of
Religion
.
Grisonius
upon
this
information
went
to
Pola
,
and
Justinple
rushing
into
the
houses
of
the
Citizens
,
searching
for
forbidden
bookes
.
He
preached
also
,
and
sent
forth
the
Popes
.
Thunderbolt
against
such
as
would
not
accuse
others
that
were
suspected
for
Lutheranism
;
Popish
malice
.
by
which
means
he
enforced
one
friend
to
accuse
another
,
yea
children
to
accuse
their
own
parents
.
In
the
chief
Church
of
Justinople
he
sang
Mass
in
a
glorious
Cope
,
&
told
the
people
that
God
had
plagued
them
for
divers
years
with
severall
calamities
;
A
lying
Prophet
.
one
yeare
(
saith
he
)
in
your
Olive-trees
,
and
another
yeare
in
your
Corn
,
and
a
third
in
your
Vines
and
Cattle
,
and
your
Bishops
are
the
causes
of
all
these
mischiefs
,
neither
can
you
expect
to
be
freed
from
these
judgements
except
they
be
driven
away
.
Hereupon
Vergerius
went
to
Mantua
to
his
old
friend
Cardinal
Gonzaga
,
He
goes
to
Man●ua
.
to
whom
he
was
familiarly
known
:
But
John
Casus
the
Popes
Ambassador
to
the
Venetians
,
hearing
of
it
,
urged
Gonzaga
both
by
Letters
and
Messengers
not
to
entertain
such
a
man
any
longer
.
Upon
this
Verg
rius
went
to
Trent
,
And
to
Trent
.
where
the
Councill
then
was
,
to
clear
himself
;
but
when
the
Pope
knew
it
,
though
he
could
willingly
have
imprisoned
him
,
yet
least
any
suspition
should
have
risen
,
especially
in
Germany
,
that
the
Councill
was
not
free
,
hee
wrote
to
his
Legate
not
to
suffer
him
to
bee
heard
in
the
Councill
,
but
to
command
him
to
goe
somewhither
else
.
Then
he
went
to
Venice
,
where
Casus
the
Popes
Legate
meeting
with
him
,
And
to
Venice
.
exhorted
him
by
all
means
to
go
to
Rome
;
but
Vergerius
knowing
wel
his
danger
if
he
should
so
do
,
refused
.
Then
did
Casus
a
few
daies
after
command
him
in
the
Popes
name
to
goe
no
more
to
Justinople
:
whereupon
hee
betooke
himself
to
Padua
,
where
he
was
a
spectator
of
the
miserable
condition
of
Francis
Spira
;
which
so
wrought
upon
him
,
that
he
resolved
to
leave
his
Country
,
Spira
is
a
warning
to
him
.
and
all
his
outward
comforts
,
and
go
into
voluntary
exile
,
where
he
might
freely
professe
Christ
,
He
goes
into
Rhetia
,
and
accordingly
hee
went
into
Rhetia
,
where
he
preached
the
Gospel
sincerely
,
till
hee
was
called
from
thence
to
Tubing
,
by
Christopher
Duke
of
Wirtemburg
,
where
he
ended
his
daies
,
His
Death
.
Anno
Christi
1565.
His
brother
being
dead
before
him
,
not
without
the
suspition
of
poyson
.
He
published
many
Workes
,
His
Works
.
which
are
particularly
set
down
by
Verheiden
.
The
Life
of
Strigelius
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1569.
VIctorine
Strigelius
was
born
at
Kaufbira
,
His
Birth
.
an
Imperiall
City
in
Su●via
,
not
farre
from
the
foot
of
the
Alpes
,
Anno
Christi
1524.
His
Father
was
Doctor
of
Physick
,
who
died
in
his
sonnes
Infancy
.
When
this
Strigelius
was
fit
for
it
,
His
Education
.
his
friends
finding
him
of
a
prompt
and
ready
wit
,
set
him
to
School
in
his
own
Country
,
where
he
quickly
drunk
in
the
first
Rudiments
of
Learning
,
and
so
An●
Christi
1538
,
he
was
sent
to
the
University
of
Friburg
,
in
which
place
the
Popish
Religion
was
kept
up
;
He
goes
to
Friburg
.
but
yet
by
the
care
of
Erasmus
,
the
knowledge
of
the
Arts
and
Tongues
much
flourished
.
There
he
heard
the
Philosophical
Lectures
of
John
Z●nckius
,
a
famous
Physi●ian
:
And
afterwards
travelling
into
the
Saxon
Universities
,
when
he
heard
Melancthon
ask
a
child
What
was
God
?
And
,
What
was
meant
by
the
Word
in
the
first
of
John
?
he
wondered
to
hear
such
answers
from
a
child
,
as
the
Popish
Doctors
were
ignorant
of
.
Upon
this
occasion
in
the
eighteenth
year
of
his
age
,
and
in
the
year
of
Christ
1542
,
he
went
to
Wittenberg
,
And
to
Wittenberg
.
where
he
was
inflamed
by
God
with
an
ardent
desire
to
know
the
Doctrine
of
the
Reformed
Churches
:
For
which
end
he
diligently
attended
on
Luther's
and
Melancthon's
Lectures
,
and
wholly
framed
himself
to
the
imitation
of
Melancthon
.
Anno
Christi
1544.
he
Commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
He
commenceth
Mr.
of
Arts.
and
by
the
perswasion
of
Melancthon
he
taught
a
private
School
at
Wittenberg
where
he
did
much
good
,
and
gat
himself
great
repute
:
But
when
the
Wars
in
Germany
waxed
hot
,
he
left
Wittenberg
,
and
went
to
Magdeburg
,
and
from
thence
to
Erphurd
,
He
goes
to
Madgeburg
.
where
he
published
some
Orations
,
being
about
two
and
twenty
years
old
.
Anno
Christi
1548
he
went
thence
to
Jenes
,
And
to
Jenes
.
and
there
he
preached
,
and
the
year
after
married
a
Wife
,
Barbara
,
the
daughter
of
that
excellent
man
Francis
Burcard
;
His
Marriage
.
which
lived
with
him
but
two
years
.
Anno
Christi
1553
he
married
againe
,
Blandina
,
the
daughter
of
Snepsius
,
who
lived
with
him
till
his
death
.
An.
Christi
1556
was
a
meeting
at
Isenac
about
the
Controversie
raised
by
Major
,
concerning
the
necessity
of
good
Works
;
where
by
the
consent
of
the
Divines
,
Strigelius
was
appointed
in
a
friendly
manner
to
concerre
with
Menius
about
that
Controversie
,
&
to
conclude
it
not
out
of
Humane
Writings
,
but
by
the
Word
of
God
.
He
disputes
with
Menius
.
The
end
of
which
conference
was
,
that
Menius
did
solemnly
promise
before
Frederick
Duke
of
Saxony
,
and
all
the
Ministers
present
,
that
he
would
not
recede
from
those
Propositions
which
were
then
agreed
upon
out
of
Gods
Word
.
Anno
Christi
1557
,
And
with
Flacius
.
there
fell
out
a
new
controversie
betwixt
Facius
and
him
,
which
brought
on
the
disputation
at
Vinaria
,
wherein
these
two
Questions
were
handled
;
Whether
in
Regeneration
the
qualities
onely
are
changed
without
the
substance
,
or
whether
together
with
the
qualities
there
be
a
creation
of
a
new
substance
?
Strigelius
held
,
that
there
was
onely
a
change
of
the
qualities
;
his
adversary
said
there
was
a
change
in
both
.
The
other
question
was
about
the
manner
of
working
;
De
modo
agendi
.
Anno
Christi
1559
,
His
imprisonment
.
he
,
together
with
Aquila
,
Pastor
of
Jenes
,
was
carried
away
to
prison
,
the
markes
whereof
hee
carried
to
his
grave
;
the
reason
of
it
was
,
because
they
refused
to
consent
to
a
book
which
they
of
Jenes
had
published
against
the
Divines
of
Wittenberg
.
In
prison
he
fell
very
sick
,
insomuch
as
the
Prince
suffered
him
to
go
to
his
own
house
,
His
sickness
.
but
yet
made
him
a
prisoner
there
.
Then
did
Christopher
,
Duke
of
Wirtemberg
,
and
Philip
,
Lantgrave
of
Hesse
,
mediate
for
his
release
,
and
yet
could
not
obtain
it
;
but
at
last
the
Emperour
Maximilian
(
interposing
his
authority
)
procured
it
,
His
release
.
after
he
had
been
a
prisoner
above
three
years
;
and
so
for
a
while
hee
returned
to
his
former
labours
in
the
Schooles
.
But
perceiving
that
he
could
not
be
in
safety
in
that
place
,
His
Flight
in
times
of
danger
he
resolved
to
depart
,
which
the
University
understanding
,
wrote
to
him
,
earnestly
importuning
his
stay
:
To
whom
he
returned
thankes
for
their
love
,
but
told
them
withall
,
That
his
life
was
in
continuall
danger
by
reason
of
false
brethren
,
and
therefore
he
was
resolved
to
goe
where
he
might
do
more
good
.
He
goes
to
Lipsich
.
And
accordingly
from
thence
he
went
to
Lipsich
,
where
he
spent
his
time
in
writing
upon
the
Psalmes
;
and
afterwards
having
it
left
to
his
choice
whether
to
stay
at
Lipsich
,
or
to
goe
to
Wittenberg
(
being
sent
for
thither
)
he
chose
to
stay
where
he
was
,
and
was
chosen
professor
of
Divinity
in
that
University
:
He
is
made
Professor
of
Divinity
.
Where
he
continued
his
Lectures
till
Anno
Christi
1566.
at
which
time
he
came
to
deliver
his
judgement
about
the
Lords
Supper
.
Whereupon
by
the
command
of
the
Rector
of
the
University
,
the
doors
of
the
Colledge
were
shut
against
him
,
He
is
st●ut
out
of
the
Schools
.
and
he
not
suffered
to
read
any
more
:
yet
they
would
have
restored
him
to
his
place
,
if
he
would
have
promised
to
meddle
with
that
point
no
more
:
But
he
refused
to
make
any
such
promise
,
and
withall
complained
to
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
of
the
wrong
done
unto
him
;
His
courage
.
from
whom
he
received
a
sharpe
answer
,
and
therefore
leaving
Lipsich
,
he
went
to
Amberg
in
the
upper
Palatinate
,
where
,
He
goes
to
Amberg
.
after
a
short
stay
,
he
received
Letters
from
the
Elector
Palatine
,
A●d
to
Heidleberg
.
and
the
University
;
inviting
him
to
Heidleberg
,
whether
he
presently
went
,
and
was
made
Professor
of
Ethicks
.
In
which
place
he
took
very
great
paines
,
both
in
reading
his
Lectures
;
and
Writing
:
But
his
body
having
contracted
some
diseases
by
his
former
imprisonment
,
An.
Christi
1569.
he
fell
very
sick
,
whereupon
he
said
,
Sperare
se
finem
vita
suae
adesse
,
&c.
That
he
hoped
that
his
life
was
at
an
end
,
His
sicknesse
.
whereby
he
should
be
delivered
from
the
fraud
and
miseries
of
this
evill
world
,
and
injoy
the
blessed
presence
of
God
,
and
his
Saints
to
all
eternity
;
and
accordingly
presently
after
he
quietly
departed
in
the
Lord
,
Anno
Christi
,
1569.
and
of
his
age
44.
His
death
.
Having
taught
the
Churches
both
by
voice
and
writing
,
in
many
great
changes
,
above
twenty
three
years
,
attaining
that
which
he
had
often
desired
,
viz.
That
he
might
not
dye
a
lingring
death
.
He
was
an
excellent
Divine
,
and
Philosopher
,
Eloquent
,
and
framed
by
nature
to
train
up
youth
.
Scripsit
Commentarios
in
varias
Philosophiae
partes
.
Orationum
&
Epistolarum
libros
.
His
works
.
Hypom●emata
in
utriusque
Testamenti
libros
.
JO:
BRENTIVS
The
Life
of
Iohn
Brentius
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1570.
JOhn
Brentius
was
borne
at
Wile
in
the
Imperiall
Snevia
,
Anno
Christi
,
His
Birth
.
1499.
His
Father
was
Major
of
that
City
twenty
four
years
,
His
Education
who
carefully
brought
up
his
Son
in
learning
:
and
at
eleven
years
old
sent
him
to
Heidleberg
to
School
,
His
studiousnesse
.
and
at
thirteen
years
old
he
was
admitted
into
the
Universitie
:
and
at
15
years
old
he
Commenced
Bachelor
.
There
also
he
studied
Greek
and
Hebrew
,
and
was
so
studious
,
that
he
usually
rose
at
midnight
to
his
book
,
whereby
he
contracted
such
a
habit
,
that
he
could
never
after
whilst
he
lived
sleep
longer
then
till
midnight
;
the
rest
of
the
night
he
spent
in
holy
meditations
,
and
in
his
old
age
he
had
a
candle
by
his
bed-side
,
and
deceived
the
time
by
writing
,
and
meditation
.
Partly
by
his
diligence
,
and
partly
by
his
acute
wit
,
and
strong
memory
he
profited
so
much
both
in
the
Arts
and
Tongues
,
that
at
eighteen
years
old
he
was
made
Master
of
Arts.
About
this
time
Luthers
books
coming
abroad
,
His
conversion
Brentius
by
reading
of
them
,
came
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Truth
,
which
he
willingly
imbraced
:
And
being
desirous
to
propagate
it
to
others
,
he
began
to
read
upon
Matthew
,
first
to
som
friends
of
his
own
colledges
,
His
zeal
.
but
his
auditors
increasing
out
of
other
Colledges
,
he
was
fain
to
read
in
the
publick
Schools
;
for
which
the
Divines
hated
him
,
because
he
grew
so
popular
,
saying
,
That
neither
was
the
place
fit
for
Divinity
Lectures
,
nor
he
fit
for
such
a
work
,
being
not
yet
in
orders
:
wherefore
to
take
away
that
objection
,
he
entred
into
orders
,
and
preached
often
for
other
men
to
the
great
delight
of
his
hearers
.
From
thence
he
was
called
to
be
a
Pastor
at
Hale
in
Sweveland
,
He
is
made
Minister
.
where
his
gravity
,
gesture
,
phrase
,
voice
,
and
doctrine
did
so
please
the
Senat
,
Preachers
patterne
.
that
though
he
was
but
twenty
three
years
old
,
yet
they
chose
him
to
that
place
;
and
he
carried
himself
with
such
gravity
,
holiness
of
life
,
integrity
of
manners
,
and
diligence
in
his
calling
,
that
none
could
contemn
his
youth
:
And
the
Lord
so
blessed
his
labours
there
,
that
many
were
converted
to
the
Truth
,
power
of
the
word
.
yea
,
amongst
the
very
Popish
Priests
,
some
of
them
were
converted
,
others
left
their
places
for
shame
,
and
went
elsewhere
.
He
used
much
modesty
,
and
wisedome
in
his
Sermons
,
and
when
(
in
the
beginning
of
his
preaching
there
)
the
Popish
Priests
railed
exceedingly
upon
him
,
His
prudence
.
and
his
doctrine
,
and
the
people
exspected
that
he
would
answer
them
accordingly
;
he
contrariwise
,
went
on
in
teaching
the
fundamentall
points
of
Religion
,
and
as
he
had
occasion
,
confuted
their
errors
without
bitterness
from
clear
Scripture
arguments
,
whereby
in
time
he
so
wrought
upon
them
,
that
he
brought
them
to
a
sight
of
their
errors
,
and
to
a
detestation
of
their
Idolatry
.
About
this
time
Muncer
,
Anabaptists
madnesse
.
and
his
companions
rose
up
,
and
stirred
almost
all
the
Boors
in
Germany
to
take
Arms
against
the
Magistrates
and
rich
men
,
abusing
Scripture
to
justifie
their
proceedings
;
Whereupon
Brentius
was
in
great
danger
,
for
many
cryed
out
that
his
opposing
Popery
,
Sa●ans
policy
.
and
casting
out
the
old
Ceremonies
was
the
cause
of
these
Tumults
;
Yet
when
as
the
boors
in
Hale
were
risen
up
,
and
threatned
to
besiege
the
City
of
Hale
,
and
the
Magistrates
and
Citizens
were
in
such
fear
that
they
were
ready
to
fly
,
or
to
joyne
with
the
Boors
;
Brentius
encouraged
them
,
and
told
them
that
if
they
would
take
Arms
,
and
defend
their
City
,
God
would
assist
them
,
&c.
and
so
it
came
to
passe
;
for
six
hundred
Citizens
beat
away
four
thousand
of
those
Boors
.
Gods
mercy
.
He
also
published
a
booke
in
confutation
of
their
wicked
opinions
,
and
shewed
how
dissonant
they
were
to
the
Word
of
God
.
Presently
after
rose
up
that
unhappy
contention
between
Luther
and
Zuinglius
about
Christs
presence
in
the
Sacrament
,
Another
contention
.
which
continued
divers
years
,
to
the
great
disturbance
of
the
Church
,
scandal
of
the
Reformed
Religion
,
and
hinderance
of
the
success
of
the
Gospel
:
And
when
a
conference
was
appointed
for
the
composing
of
that
difference
,
Luther
,
Brentius
Division
dangerous
.
and
some
others
met
with
Zuinglius
,
and
some
of
his
friends
,
but
after
much
debate
they
departed
,
without
an
agreement
.
Anno
1530.
was
the
Diet
held
at
Auspurg
,
unto
which
the
Protestant
Princes
brought
their
Divines
with
them
,
and
amongst
others
Brentius
;
Brandenburgs
courage
and
zeal
.
at
which
time
George
Marquesse
of
Brandenburg
told
the
Emperor
,
That
he
would
rather
shed
his
blood
,
and
lose
his
life
,
or
lay
downe
his
neck
to
the
headsman
,
then
alter
his
Religion
.
Here
the
Divines
drew
up
that
famous
Confession
of
Faith
,
which
from
the
place
is
called
the
Augustane
Confession
.
Augustane
Confession
.
Brentius
at
his
return
home
married
a
wife
,
Margaret
Graetenna
,
famous
for
her
chastity
,
modesty
,
and
piety
,
His
marriage
.
by
whom
he
had
six
children
.
Ulricus
Prince
of
Wirtemberg
,
intending
to
reform
Religion
in
his
Dominions
,
thought
it
the
best
way
first
to
Reform
the
Universitie
of
Tubing
,
and
considering
where
he
might
have
a
fit
man
for
so
great
and
difficult
a
work
,
He
goes
to
Tubing
.
he
at
last
resolved
upon
Brentius
,
whom
he
sent
for
,
and
who
,
with
much
diligence
,
prudence
,
and
fidelity
,
accomplished
that
work
.
Anno
Christi
1547
,
the
Emperor
with
his
Army
comming
to
Hale
,
His
trouble
at
Hale
.
Brentius
(
who
was
now
returned
thither
)
hoped
to
prevaile
with
the
Captain
that
no
Souldiers
should
be
quartered
in
his
house
;
but
when
hee
came
home
,
hee
found
the
souldiers
beating
at
his
door
,
and
ready
to
break
it
down
;
and
when
they
perceived
that
Brentius
was
Master
of
that
house
,
Unruly
souldiers
.
one
of
them
set
an
Halbert
to
his
breast
,
threatning
to
kill
him
if
the
door
was
not
presently
opened
:
Whereupon
they
were
let
in
,
and
he
caused
meat
and
drink
to
be
prepared
for
them
,
and
in
the
mean
time
conveighed
away
all
his
papers
;
His
Policy
.
and
when
he
saw
the
fury
and
rage
of
the
souldiers
,
he
conveighed
himself
and
his
family
out
at
a
back-door
.
The
next
day
came
a
Spanish
Bishop
with
his
train
,
and
putting
forth
the
souldiers
,
quartered
in
Brentius
his
house
,
searched
his
study
,
looked
over
his
papers
,
and
letters
,
Popish
malice
.
and
finding
some
letters
to
his
friends
,
wherein
he
justified
the
Protestant
Princes
in
taking
Armes
against
the
Emperor
,
he
presently
carried
them
to
the
Emperor
,
whereby
Brentius
was
in
great
danger
,
and
was
fain
to
hide
himself
in
a
very
high
Tower
,
and
not
being
safe
there
,
His
●●ight
.
he
changed
his
apparrel
,
left
his
wife
and
children
,
and
with
one
onely
companion
passed
through
the
Spaniards
safely
,
Gods
mercy
.
and
wandred
up
and
down
the
fields
all
that
night
.
But
when
the
Emperor
was
removed
with
his
Army
,
he
returned
to
Hale
again
.
Anno
Christi
1548
,
when
Caesar
had
published
his
booke
called
the
Interim
,
The
Interim
.
the
Protestant
Princes
and
Magistrates
required
the
judgements
of
their
Divines
upon
it
:
And
the
Magistrates
of
Hale
desired
Frentius
to
tell
them
his
judgement
;
who
when
he
had
considered
it
,
told
them
,
That
it
was
a
wicked
book
,
His
Courage
.
and
altogether
contrary
to
the
Scriptures
,
and
that
he
would
lose
his
life
before
he
would
assent
to
it
.
This
coming
to
Caesar's
eares
,
hee
sent
a
Commissarie
to
Hale
,
charging
him
to
bring
Brentius
to
him
,
either
alive
,
or
dead
:
when
the
Commissarie
came
thither
,
His
danger
.
he
insinuated
himself
into
Brentius's
acquaintance
,
invited
him
to
his
table
,
perswaded
him
to
walke
abroad
with
him
,
having
prepared
horses
to
carry
him
away
:
But
that
succeeding
not
,
he
called
the
Senate
together
,
and
having
sworn
them
to
keep
private
what
he
should
tell
them
,
he
imparted
his
Commission
,
telling
them
how
acceptable
it
would
be
to
the
Emperor
,
if
they
would
send
Brentius
to
him
,
but
if
they
refused
,
the
Emperor
would
destroy
their
City
,
&c.
It
pleased
God
that
whilst
he
was
thus
perswading
the
Magistrates
,
there
came
in
one
of
the
Magistrates
later
then
his
fellows
,
and
the
Commissarie
not
minding
it
,
A
m●racle
of
mercy
.
did
not
tender
the
Oath
to
him
.
So
when
they
were
dismissed
,
this
man
wrote
to
Brentius
,
Fuge
,
fuge
,
Brenti
,
cito
,
citius
,
citissime
;
which
note
was
brought
to
him
as
he
sate
at
supper
.
Having
read
it
,
he
told
his
family
that
he
must
goe
forth
upon
businesse
,
but
he
would
returne
ere
long
.
His
flight
.
As
he
was
going
out
of
the
City
,
he
met
the
Commissary
,
who
asked
him
whither
he
went
?
He
answered
?
To
a
sick
friend
in
the
subu●bs
who
had
sent
for
him
:
Wel
(
said
the
Commissary
)
to
morrow
you
must
dine
with
me
.
Hee
replyed
,
God
willing
;
and
so
they
parted
.
Being
thus
escaped
,
he
hid
himself
in
a
thick
Wood
,
and
for
some
weekes
together
he
lay
in
the
Wood
all
day
,
and
every
night
came
into
a
Village
to
a
friends
house
where
he
lodged
.
He
wrote
also
to
the
Magistrates
of
Hale
,
A
good
Pastor
.
that
if
they
could
,
and
would
protect
him
,
he
was
ready
to
come
back
,
and
not
to
forsake
his
flock
;
but
if
they
could
not
,
he
did
not
d●sire
that
they
should
endanger
themselves
for
his
sake
.
They
answered
,
That
they
could
not
protect
him
,
and
therefore
left
him
free
to
goe
whither
he
pleased
.
Presently
after
Ulricus
Prince
of
Wirtemberg
invited
him
to
him
,
He
goes
to
Wirtemberg
.
and
ordered
him
to
be
so
private
,
that
he
himself
might
not
know
where
hee
was
,
that
if
he
was
asked
,
hee
might
safely
deny
his
knowledge
of
him
:
God
preserves
him
.
Yet
upon
suspition
,
his
Castle
was
searched
,
but
Brentius
was
in
another
place
,
where
in
his
retirement
he
wrote
a
Comment
upon
the
ninety
third
Psalm
.
He
goes
to
●asil
.
Afterwards
he
went
to
Basil
,
as
to
a
safer
place
,
where
his
Wife
died
of
a
Consumption
.
From
thence
he
removed
to
the
Castle
of
Horrenburg
in
the
H●rcinian
Wood
,
A●d
to
Hornburg
.
where
he
changed
his
name
,
and
gave
out
that
he
was
the
Keeper
of
the
Castle
;
and
whilst
hee
was
there
,
hee
frequented
the
Sermons
in
a
neighbour
Town
,
where
the
Minister
used
to
spin
out
his
Sermons
to
a
great
length
:
Whereupon
Brentius
took
occasion
modestly
to
tell
him
of
it
;
to
whom
the
Minister
answered
,
You
Castle-keepers
think
all
time
too
long
at
Church
,
but
no
time
too
long
that
you
spend
in
drinking
.
Brentius
smiling
at
it
,
said
no
more
.
Whilst
he
was
there
,
he
perfected
his
Comment
upon
Isaiah
,
and
some
other
Works
.
He
is
invited
to
severall
places
.
Afterwards
hee
had
great
proffers
made
him
by
the
Citizens
of
Madgeburg
,
by
Edw.
the
sixth
K.
of
England
;
and
by
the
Duke
of
Borussia
,
who
proffered
him
large
stipends
and
Kingly
gifts
,
but
he
refused
them
all
;
and
thus
continued
in
banishment
for
the
space
of
two
years
.
Anno
Christi
1550
,
Ulricus
Duke
of
Wirtemberg
died
,
and
his
sonne
Christopher
succeeding
,
The
Dukes
courage
.
resolved
to
restore
the
Ministers
which
were
driven
away
by
the
Interim
to
their
Charges
within
his
Dominions
,
Reformation
.
and
to
perfect
the
Work
of
Reformation
:
And
for
that
end
,
sent
for
Brentius
,
and
kept
him
in
his
Castle
of
Stutgard
,
that
he
might
have
his
advice
and
assistance
,
in
carrying
on
that
Work
.
Neither
was
he
discouraged
by
the
admonition
of
the
Princes
,
〈◊〉
courage
.
and
Bishops
,
nor
by
the
threats
of
the
Garrisons
that
were
about
him
.
He
caused
Brentius
to
write
a
Confession
of
Faith
,
and
of
the
Doctrine
of
Christian
Religion
,
and
about
the
chief
poin●
in
Controversie
,
He
goes
to
Trent
.
which
he
intended
to
send
to
the
council
of
Trent
,
and
accordingly
he
did
sent
it
by
2
Ambassadors
,
and
An.
Ch.
1552
,
Brentius
,
with
3
other
Divines
went
after
,
eith●●
publickly
in
the
Council
to
defend
that
Confession
,
or
●o
refute
such
decrees
as
should
be
made
against
it
:
But
no
answer
could
be
extorted
from
those
Fathers
,
neither
could
these
●ivines
be
heard
,
nor
were
once
called
into
the
Council
;
whereupon
after
a
while
they
returned
home
,
not
without
great
danger
.
His
second
marriage
.
About
that
time
Brentius
married
again
,
one
F●th
.
Isenman
,
a
choice
woman
,
who
was
a
great
comfort
to
●im
all
the
rest
of
his
life
;
by
whom
also
he
had
twelve
children
.
The
year
after
the
Pastor
of
Stutgard
dying
,
He
is
chosen
to
Stutgard
.
Brentius
was
chosen
into
his
room
.
In
which
place
he
continued
all
his
life
,
and
carried
himself
with
much
sedulity
,
pioty
and
prudence
in
the
same
,
alwaies
maintaining
love
and
concord
with
his
Colleagues
.
And
in
his
Sermons
he
preached
over
the
Pentateuch
,
and
the
Gospels
of
Matthew
and
Mark.
And
whereas
one
Peter
a
Soto
,
a
Spaniard
,
wrote
a
Confession
of
the
Roman
Faith
,
He
defends
h●s
Confession
of
Fai●h
.
and
made
some
Annotations
upon
the
forementioned
Confession
of
Wirtemburg
,
labouring
to
bespatter
,
and
traduce
it
,
Brentius
answered
this
out
of
the
Scriptures
and
Fathers
,
defending
the
Doctrine
of
the
Protestants
against
the
opinions
of
the
Papists
,
and
the
Decrees
of
the
Councill
of
Trent
,
which
he
confuted
,
so
that
a
blind
man
might
perceive
the
Idolatries
of
the
Romanists
to
be
condemned
by
the
Word
of
God
.
Anno
Christi
1557
he
was
sent
by
his
Prince
to
the
Conference
at
Worms
,
He
goes
to
Worms
.
which
came
to
nothing
,
because
the
Popish
party
would
not
suffer
that
the
Scripture
should
be
the
Judg
of
their
Controversies
.
In
his
old
age
hee
wrote
upon
the
Psalmes
:
And
whereas
there
were
many
Monasteries
in
Wirtemburg
,
out
of
which
the
Friars
were
driven
,
Monasteries
turned
to
schooles
.
he
perswaded
his
Prince
to
turne
them
to
Schooles
for
the
training
up
of
youth
in
learning
,
which
was
accordingly
done
;
and
once
in
two
years
Brentius
visited
those
Schools
,
and
took
notice
how
the
Scholars
profited
in
Learning
,
and
encouraged
them
to
make
a
daily
progresse
therein
.
He
had
almost
finished
his
Comment
upon
the
Psalms
,
His
sickness
.
when
as
his
old
age
,
worn
out
with
studies
and
labours
,
put
a
period
unto
the
same
,
and
his
end
was
hastned
by
grief
for
the
immature
death
of
his
Prince
,
for
whom
he
professed
that
he
would
willingly
have
sacrificed
all
his
estate
,
&
his
own
life
also
.
Falling
into
a
feaver
,
whereby
he
perceived
that
his
end
approached
,
He
makes
his
Will
.
he
made
his
Will
,
wherein
he
set
down
a
Confession
of
his
Faith
:
And
sending
for
the
Ministers
of
Stutgard
▪
hee
caused
his
sonne
to
read
it
to
them
,
and
requested
them
to
subscribe
their
hands
as
witnesses
to
it
.
He
also
received
the
Sacrament
,
and
exhorted
them
to
unity
in
Doctrine
,
His
patience
.
and
love
amongst
themselves
.
He
was
exceeding
patient
in
all
his
sickness
,
neither
by
word
,
nor
gesture
shewing
the
least
impatience
;
alwaies
saying
,
That
he
longed
for
a
better
,
even
an
eternall
life
.
The
night
before
his
death
,
he
slept
sweetly
,
and
when
he
awaked
,
the
Minister
repeated
the
Apostles
Creed
,
and
asked
him
whether
he
dyed
in
that
Faith
:
to
whom
he
answered
,
Yea
;
which
was
his
last
word
,
and
so
he
quietly
resigned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
,
His
Death
.
Anno
Christi
1570
,
and
of
his
Age
seventy
one
.
He
was
buried
with
much
honour
,
and
had
this
Epitaph
.
Voce
,
stylo
,
pietate
,
fide
,
candore
probatus
Johannes
tali
Brentius
ore
fuit
.
With
voice
,
stile
,
piety
,
faith
,
and
candor
grac'd
,
In
outward
shape
,
John
Brentius
was
thus
fac'd
.
He
was
of
a
bigge
stature
,
His
Character
.
of
a
sirm
health
,
in
which
hee
continued
to
his
old
age
,
had
strong
fides
,
a
clear
,
and
full
voice
;
had
many
excellent
virtues
,
went
through
many
great
dangers
,
with
an
undaunted
spirit
.
His
piety
to
his
Parents
was
very
singular
,
and
his
love
to
God
and
his
Church
exemplary
.
He
wrote
many
things
,
His
Works
.
which
are
printed
in
nine
Tomes
:
Most
of
which
are
mentioned
before
in
his
life
.
The
Life
of
Peter
Viretus
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1571.
PEter
Viretus
was
born
at
Orba
in
the
Country
of
the
Bernates
,
His
birth
and
education
.
brought
up
in
learning
at
Paris
,
where
he
beganne
to
be
acquainted
with
Farel
,
whom
afterwards
he
helpt
much
in
setling
the
Churches
in
those
parts
;
But
principally
the
Church
of
Lausanna
,
where
he
spent
many
years
in
the
Ministry
,
and
writing
books
to
his
great
praise
.
And
when
Calvin
was
sent
to
the
Conference
at
Worms
An.
Chr.
1541
,
and
from
thence
to
Ratisbone
,
he
obtained
of
the
Senate
of
Lausanna
,
that
Virete
should
supply
his
place
at
Geneva
till
his
return
:
and
when
he
came
back
he
much
importuned
that
Virete
might
still
continue
there
,
affirming
that
it
would
much
conduce
to
the
good
of
the
Church
at
Geneva
to
enjoy
his
labours
;
but
he
would
needs
return
to
Lausanna
to
his
former
charge
.
Afterwards
,
at
the
earnest
entreaty
of
the
French-Churches
he
went
to
Lions
,
He
goes
to
Lions
.
where
,
in
the
middest
of
the
Civill
Warrs
,
and
the
Pestilence
which
followed
,
he
,
with
his
Colleagues
,
governed
the
Church
with
much
prudence
;
till
,
by
the
Jesuits
means
,
Anno
1563
,
there
was
a
Proclamation
sent
abroad
,
that
none
but
such
as
were
Native
French
,
should
be
Preachers
in
the
Protestant
Churches
,
upon
which
occasion
many
forraign
Ministers
were
driven
out
of
France
,
and
amongst
the
rest
Master
Virete
.
Then
at
the
earnest
request
of
the
Queen
of
Navarre
he
went
to
Bern
,
He
goes
to
Bern.
His
death
.
where
hee
continued
untill
his
death
,
which
was
Anno
Christi
1571
,
and
of
his
Age
sixty
.
He
was
much
bewailed
of
all
good
men
.
Whilst
he
lived
he
was
of
a
very
weak
constitution
,
Popish
malice
.
and
the
rather
by
reason
of
poyson
which
a
Priest
had
given
to
him
at
Geneva
;
as
also
because
of
some
wounds
that
he
had
received
from
a
Priest
that
lay
in
wait
for
him
in
another
place
,
where
he
was
left
for
dead
.
He
was
very
learned
,
of
a
sweet
disposition
,
His
Character
.
and
so
exceeding
Eloquent
,
that
he
drew
many
to
be
his
hearers
,
His
eloquence
.
which
were
no
friends
to
Religion
;
and
they
were
so
chained
to
his
lips
,
that
they
never
thought
the
time
long
wherein
he
preached
,
but
alwaies
wished
his
Sermons
longer
.
At
Lions
,
which
was
a
populous
City
,
he
preached
in
an
open
place
,
and
turned
some
thousands
to
the
Truth
,
and
Faith
in
Christ
;
yea
some
that
passed
by
,
with
no
purpose
to
hear
his
Sermon
,
Yet
did
he
so
work
upon
them
,
that
they
neglected
their
other
businesse
to
hearken
to
him
.
At
that
time
France
enjoyed
those
three
excellent
Preachers
,
The
great
fruit
of
his
Ministry
.
Calvin
,
Farel
,
and
Virete
:
Calvin
was
famous
for
his
Learning
,
Farell
for
his
earnestnesse
,
and
Viret
for
his
Eloquence
:
Whereupon
Baza
made
these
verses
:
Gallica
mirata
est
Calvinum
Ecclesia
nuper
:
Quo
nemo
docuit
doctius
.
Est
quoque
te
nuper
mirata
,
Farelle
,
tonantem
:
Quo
nemo
tonuit
fortius
.
Et
miratur
adhuc
fundentem
mella
Viretum
:
Quo
nemo
fatur
dulciùs
.
Scilicet
aut
tribus
his
servabere
testibus
olim
:
Aut
interibis
,
Gallia
.
Scripta
Viretus
reliquit
.
Commentarios
in
Acta
Apost.
De
origine
novae
,
&
veteris
Idololatriae
,
lib.
5.
Qua
Imagines
,
&
Reliquiae
verae
,
aut
falsa
sint
.
Quis
verus
Mediator
.
De
origine
,
continuatione
,
usu
,
authoritate
,
atque
praestantia
Ministerii
Verbi
Dei
,
&
Sacrament
orum
,
&c.
De
vero
Verbi
Dei
,
Sacramentorum
,
&
Eccl●siae
Ministerio
,
lib.
2.
De
Adulterinis
Sacramentis
.
De
Theatrica
Missae
saltatione
,
&c.
De
usu
salutationis
Augelicae
,
&c.
Epistola
ad
fideles
agentes
inter
Papistas
.
Epistolae
consolatoriae
,
De
officio
hominis
,
&
necessitate
inquirendi
de
voluntate
Dei
ex
ejus
verbo
,
&c.
Physicae
Papalis
Dialogi
5.
Christianarum
Disputationum
Dialogi
6.
Instructio
Christiana
,
&c.
Dialogi
de
confusione
Mundi
.
De
communicatione
fidelium
.
Expositio
Orationis
Dominicae
.
De
natura
&
varietate
V●torum
,
atque
Legum
Divinarum
.
Disputationes
de
statu
defunctorum
,
&c.
J.
JVEL
The
Life
of
John
Juel
,
who
dyed
A
no
Christi
1571.
JOhn
Juel
was
born
at
Buden
,
His
Birth
and
Education
.
in
Devonshire
,
Anno
Christi
1522.
His
Father
was
a
Gentleman
that
carefully
trained
him
up
in
piety
,
and
learning
.
His
singular
promptnesse
of
wit
and
industry
,
accompanied
with
ingenuity
,
and
modesty
,
procured
him
much
love
from
his
Master
.
He
goes
to
Oxford
.
At
thirteen
years
old
he
was
sent
to
Oxford
,
and
admitted
into
Merton
Colledge
,
under
the
tuition
of
Master
●arkhurst
,
who
was
as
carefull
to
season
him
with
pure
Religion
,
as
with
other
learning
:
afterwards
he
removed
to
Corpus
Christi
Colledg
,
where
his
proficiency
in
learning
was
so
remarkable
that
he
took
his
degree
of
Bachelor
with
much
applause
,
and
shortly
after
was
chosen
(
before
many
his
Seniors
)
to
read
the
Humanity
Lecture
,
which
he
performed
with
such
accuratenesse
,
diligence
and
excellency
,
He
is
chosen
Hu●anity
Lect●rer
.
that
many
came
from
other
C●lledges
to
hear
him
,
and
amongst
others
Master
Parkhurst
his
former
Tutor
,
who
(
the
Lecture
being
ended
)
saluted
him
thus
,
Olim
Discipulus
mihi
,
chare
Juelle
,
fuisti
,
Nunc
ero
Discipulus
,
terenuente
,
tuus
.
Dear
Juel
,
thou
a
Scholar
wast
of
mine
;
Hereafter
,
though
unwilling
,
I
le
be
thine
.
He
was
very
studious
,
and
his
onely
recreations
from
hi●
studies
,
His
studiousnes
was
reading
to
his
Scholars
,
disputing
with
others
,
and
ruminating
what
he
had
before
read
:
His
life
was
such
,
that
the
Dean
of
the
Colledge
(
though
a
Papist
)
thus
said
,
I
should
love
thee
Juel
if
thou
wert
not
a
Zuinglian
:
In
thy
Faith
I
hold
thee
an
Heretick
,
but
surely
in
thy
life
thou
art
an
Angel●
thou
art
very
good
and
honest
,
but
a
Luther●n
.
In
the
end
of
King
Henry
the
eighth's
reigne
,
he
commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
but
he
flourished
much
more
under
Edward
the
sixth
,
His
esteem
of
Peter
Martyr
.
at
which
time
Peter
Martyr
being
the
Divinity
Professor
in
Oxford
,
Juel
observed
his
Art
;
copied
ou●
his
Sermons
and
Lectures
,
and
became
most
intimate
with
him
:
He
preached
at
Sunningwell
,
and
was
famous
for
his
Latine
Sermons
ad
Clerum
:
He
ever
loved
Eloquence
,
b●t
not
effeminatam
,
sed
virilem
:
Prudentibus
viris
non
place●●
phalerata
,
sed
fortia
:
But
about
the
beginning
of
Quee●
Maries
reign
,
the
popish
party
of
that
Colledge
prevailing
,
they
expelled
him
the
house
for
his
Religion
;
After
which
he
●arried
a
while
at
Broadgates-Hall
,
where
the
same
of
his
learning
drew
many
Scholars
to
him
,
He
is
exp●l●
t●e
Colledge
.
and
the
University
chose
him
for
her
Orator
:
There
he
stayed
so
long
till
the
Inquisition
caught
him
,
urging
upon
him
subscription
,
under
pain
of
Proscription
,
●rought
into
the
〈◊〉
.
and
horrible
tortures
.
Now
was
he
brought
into
such
straights
,
that
consulting
with
flesh
and
blood
hee
set
his
name
to
the
paper
,
Humane
infirmity
.
whereby
he
approved
some
articles
of
Popery
.
This
much
obscured
the
glory
of
his
after
sufferings
,
and
nothing
promoted
his
safety
;
for
snares
being
laid
for
him
,
he
had
certainly
been
caught
,
had
he
not
,
by
Gods
speciall
providence
,
gone
that
very
night
that
he
was
sought
for
accidentally
a
wrong
way
to
London
;
A
speciall
providence
.
and
to
by
going
out
of
the
way
,
he
found
the
safest
way
;
But
afterwards
he
repented
of
this
publick
Subscription
,
by
publick
confession
,
His
Recan●ation
.
and
contrition
.
As
he
travelled
on
foot
in
a
snowie
winters
night
toward
London
,
he
was
found
in
the
way
by
Master
Latimers
servant
starved
with
cold
,
Gods
providence
.
and
faint
with
wearinesse
,
lying
on
the
ground
,
panting
,
and
labouring
for
life
,
or
for
death
rather
,
by
whose
means
he
was
preserved
;
Yet
when
he
came
to
London
he
found
no
safety
,
looking
every
hour
to
be
delivered
up
to
that
cruel
butcher
Bonner
,
and
to
be
slaughtered
at
his
shambles
:
whereupon
he
fled
from
his
Native-Soyl
,
Flight
in
persecution
.
and
wandring
beyond
Sea
,
was
disappointed
of
all
his
friends
,
and
means
to
procure
him
so
much
as
a
nights
lodging
;
yet
through
Gods
mercy
he
came
safe
to
Franckefurt
,
where
,
presently
after
he
made
an
excellent
Sermon
,
He
goes
to
Frankfurt
.
and
in
the
end
of
it
,
openly
confessed
his
fall
in
these
words
,
It
was
my
abject
,
and
cowardly
minde
,
and
faint
heart
that
made
my
weak
hand
commit
this
wickednesse
,
His
Repentance
.
which
confession
was
mixed
with
hearty
sighs
,
and
tears
,
and
concluded
with
earnest
supplication
;
First
,
to
Almighty
God
whom
he
had
offended
,
and
then
to
his
Church
which
he
had
scandalized
;
and
there
was
none
in
that
Congregation
but
ever
after
imbraced
him
as
a
dear
brother
,
yea
,
as
an
Angel
of
God
.
From
thence
he
was
often
invited
by
kinde
Letters
from
Peter
Martyr
to
Strasborough
,
He
goes
to
Strasborough
.
whether
at
last
he
went
,
and
where
he
found
many
Divines
,
Knights
and
Gentlemen
,
who
were
fled
from
England
,
having
left
their
estates
,
honors
,
kindred
and
dearest
friends
for
the
testimony
of
the
Gospel
of
Jesus
Christ
.
When
he
came
to
Strasborough
,
Martyr
invited
him
to
his
Common-Table
,
and
used
his
help
in
compiling
of
his
Commentary
upon
Judges
,
and
afterwards
when
Martyr
was
sent
for
by
the
Senate
of
Zurick
to
succeed
Pellican
in
the
Hebrew
Lecture
,
From
thence
to
Zurick
.
and
exposition
of
Scripture
,
he
took
Juel
with
him
,
being
accompanied
also
with
many
other
English
Exiles
,
who
for
a
while
were
maintained
by
the
charity
of
some
Londoners
;
Charity
to
the
Exiles
.
till
Steven
Gardiner
having
notice
of
it
,
by
imprisoning
and
impoverishing
their
benefactors
,
stopped
the
current
of
their
bounty
;
Yet
in
this
extremity
,
Popish
malice
.
the
Lord
raised
up
Christopher
,
Prince
of
Wirtemberg
,
bountifully
to
relieve
them
.
Gods
mercy
.
The
Senators
of
Zurick
also
,
at
the
request
of
Bullinger
,
opened
the
treasury
of
their
liberality
to
them
:
Also
Calvin
,
Zuinglius
,
Melancthon
,
Pellican
,
Lavater
,
Gesner
,
and
all
the
greatest
ornaments
of
Religion
and
learning
in
all
reformed
Churches
were
very
kinde
to
the
English
Exiles
.
Juel
spent
most
of
the
time
of
his
banishment
in
Peter
Martyrs
house
,
bettering
him
,
and
being
bettered
by
him
:
He
took
much
paines
also
in
composing
the
differences
and
contentions
amongst
his
brethren
,
A
blessed
Peace-maker
.
arising
from
the
difference
of
opinion
concerning
ceremonies
,
and
Church-discipline
:
and
those
which
groaned
most
under
the
burthen
of
affliction
,
he
perswaded
them
to
patience
in
bearing
their
part
of
Christs
Crosse
,
shutting
up
all
with
that
sweet
close
often
repeated
by
him
,
A
Prediction
.
Haec
non
durabunt
aetatem
:
Bear
a
while
,
these
miseries
will
not
endure
an
Age
;
Which
words
proved
a
Prophesie
;
for
it
pleased
God
in
mercy
to
his
Church
shortly
after
to
cut
off
that
bloody
Queen
Mary
who
lived
not
out
half
her
daies
,
Qu.
Mary
dyes
.
Qu.
Elizabeth
succeed●
.
and
to
set
up
Queen
Elizabeth
to
be
a
Nursing
Mother
to
his
Church
.
In
the
beginning
of
whose
Reign
those
Exiles
returned
home
,
and
Juel
amongst
the
rest
.
Presently
after
his
return
,
he
with
some
others
were
appointed
to
dispute
at
Westminster
with
some
of
the
Popish
party
;
A
disputation
appointed
.
but
the
Papists
declining
the
Disputation
,
it
came
to
nothing
.
Shortly
after
the
Queen
imployed
him
into
the
West
to
visit
the
Churches
,
His
paines
in
Reforming
the
Church
.
to
root
out
Superstition
,
and
to
plant
true
Religion
,
where
he
took
much
pains
in
breaking
the
Bread
of
Life
,
where
he
first
drew
the
Breath
of
Life
.
After
this
he
was
made
Bishop
of
Salisbury
,
He
is
made
Bishop
.
though
with
much
reluctancy
,
looking
upon
it
as
a
great
burthen
.
In
that
office
he
took
much
paines
both
by
Preaching
and
Governing
,
and
was
very
careful
in
providing
faithfull
Pastors
,
and
in
reforming
abuses
.
Anno
Christi
1560
,
he
was
called
to
preach
at
Pauls
Cross
,
where
he
took
that
Text
1
Cor.
11.
23.
He
preach●s
at
Pauls
Crosse.
For
I
received
of
the
Lord
that
which
also
I
delivered
unto
you
,
&c.
In
which
Sermon
he
confirmed
largely
the
Protestants
Doctrine
concerning
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
by
Scriptures
and
Fathers
,
His
challenge
to
the
Papists
.
adding
this
solemn
Protestation
,
That
if
any
Learned
man
of
all
our
adversaries
,
or
if
all
the
Learned
men
that
be
alive
,
are
able
to
shew
any
one
sufficient
sentence
out
of
any
old
Catholick
Doctor
or
Father
,
or
out
of
any
old
Generall
Council
,
or
out
of
the
holy
Scriptures
of
God
,
or
any
one
example
of
the
Primitive
Church
,
whereby
it
may
be
clearly
and
plainly
proved
,
That
there
was
any
private
Masses
in
the
world
at
that
time
for
the
space
of
six
hundred
years
after
Christ
;
or
that
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
was
ever
administred
to
the
people
under
one
kind
;
or
that
the
people
then
had
their
Common
Prayers
in
a
strange
tongue
that
they
understood
not
;
or
that
the
Bishop
of
Rome
was
then
called
a
Universall
Bishop
,
or
the
Head
of
the
Universall
Church
;
or
that
the
people
were
taught
to
beleeve
that
Christs
Body
is
really
,
substantially
,
corporeally
,
carnally
,
or
naturally
in
the
Sacrament
;
or
that
his
Body
is
,
or
may
be
in
above
a
thousand
places
at
one
time
;
or
that
the
Priest
did
then
hold
up
the
Sacrament
over
his
head
;
or
that
the
people
did
then
fall
down
and
worship
it
with
divine
honour
;
or
that
then
the
Sacrament
was
hanged
up
under
a
Canopy
;
or
that
in
the
Sacrament
after
the
words
of
consecration
,
there
remained
onely
the
accidents
or
shews
,
without
the
substance
of
Bread
and
Wine
;
or
that
the
Priest
then
divided
the
Sacrament
in
three
parts
,
and
after
received
all
alone
himself
;
or
that
whosoever
had
then
said
that
the
Sacrament
is
a
figure
,
pledge
,
token
,
or
remembrance
of
Christs
body
,
had
therefore
been
judged
for
an
Heretick
;
or
that
it
was
then
lawfull
to
have
thirty
,
twenty
,
fifteen
,
or
five
Masses
said
in
one
Church
in
one
day
;
or
that
Images
were
then
set
up
in
Churches
,
that
the
people
might
worship
them
;
or
that
the
Lay-people
were
then
forbidden
to
read
the
Word
of
God
in
their
own
language
.
If
any
man
alive
can
prove
any
one
of
these
Articles
,
by
any
one
clear
or
plain
clause
,
or
sentence
of
Scripture
,
ancient
Fathers
,
or
any
one
Generall
Councill
,
or
any
example
of
the
Primitive
Church
,
I
here
promise
that
I
will
give
over
my
opinion
and
subscribe
to
him
.
Yea
I
further
promise
,
that
if
any
of
all
our
Adversaries
be
able
clearly
,
and
plainly
to
prove
in
manner
aforesaid
,
that
it
was
then
lawfull
for
a
Priest
to
pronounce
the
words
of
consecration
closely
,
and
in
silence
to
himself
;
or
that
the
Priest
had
then
authority
to
offer
up
Christ
unto
his
Father
;
or
to
receive
the
Sacrament
for
another
,
as
they
now
do
;
or
apply
the
virtue
of
Christs
death
and
passion
to
any
man
by
means
of
the
Mass
,
or
that
then
it
was
thought
a
sound
doctrine
to
teach
the
people
that
the
Mass
ex
opere
operato
is
able
to
remove
our
sinnes
;
or
that
any
Christian
man
called
the
Sacrament
his
Lord
and
God
;
or
that
the
people
were
then
taught
to
beleeve
that
the
Body
of
Christ
remaineth
in
the
Sacranent
so
long
as
that
bread
remaineth
without
corruption
;
or
that
a
Mouse
,
Worm
,
or
other
creature
may
eat
the
Body
of
Christ
;
or
that
Ignorance
is
the
Mother
of
Devotion
.
As
I
said
before
,
so
say
I
new
again
,
if
any
of
them
can
clearly
prove
any
of
these
things
in
the
manner
aforesaid
,
I
promise
to
yeeld
,
and
subscribe
unto
him
.
Indeed
they
have
long
boasted
of
Antiquity
,
&c.
but
when
they
are
put
to
their
proofs
,
they
can
produce
nothing
.
I
speake
not
this
out
of
arrogancy
(
thou
Lord
knowest
it
,
that
knowest
all
things
)
but
because
it
is
in
the
cause
of
God
,
and
for
asserting
his
Truth
,
I
should
doe
God
great
injury
if
I
should
conceal
it
.
He
was
very
bountifull
in
relieving
the
poor
,
Hi●
Charity
.
and
wise
in
composing
litigious
strifes
.
Besides
his
publick
employments
he
read
much
,
and
wrote
much
;
His
grea●
pain●
scarce
any
yeare
in
all
the
time
of
his
Bishoprick
passed
,
wherein
he
published
not
some
famous
work
or
other
:
Diu
vixit
,
licet
non
di●
fuit
,
He
lived
long
in
that
short
scantling
of
his
life
.
A
good
Bishop
At
Meales
,
a
Chapter
being
first
read
,
he
recreated
himself
with
Scholastical
combats
between
young
Scholars
whom
he
maintained
at
his
table
;
the
conquerors
were
bountifully
rewarded
.
After
Meals
,
his
doors
and
eares
were
open
to
all
suits
and
causes
;
and
then
he
retired
to
his
study
.
At
nine
a
clock
at
night
he
called
all
his
servants
to
an
account
how
they
had
spent
that
day
,
His
Family
government
.
and
after
prayer
,
admonished
them
accordingly
:
Then
he
returned
to
his
study
,
where
often
he
sate
till
after
midnight
.
When
he
was
layd
in
bed
,
one
that
waited
upon
him
,
read
some
part
of
an
Author
to
him
:
which
done
,
commending
himself
to
the
protection
of
his
Saviour
,
he
took
his
rest
.
His
memory
was
raised
by
art
to
the
highest
pitch
of
humane
possibility
;
He
had
heart
of
memory
.
for
he
could
readily
repeat
any
thing
that
he
had
penned
after
once
reading
it
:
And
therefore
usually
at
the
ringing
of
the
bell
,
he
beganne
to
commit
his
Sermons
to
heart
;
and
kept
what
he
learned
so
firmely
,
that
he
used
to
say
,
That
if
he
were
to
make
a
speech
premeditated
,
before
a
thousand
Auditors
shouting
of
fighting
all
the
while
,
yet
could
he
say
all
that
he
had
provided
to
speak
.
Many
barbarous
,
and
hard
names
out
of
a
Callender
,
and
forty
strange
words
,
Welsh
,
Irish
,
&c.
after
once
,
or
twice
reading
at
the
most
,
and
short
meditation
,
he
could
repeat
both
forwards
,
and
backwards
without
hesitation
.
And
Sir
Francis
Bacon
reading
onely
to
him
the
last
clauses
of
tenne
lines
in
Erasmus
his
Paraphrase
in
a
confused
and
dismembred
manner
;
he
sitting
silent
a
while
,
on
a
sudden
rehearsed
all
those
broken
parcels
of
sentences
the
right
way
,
and
the
contrary
,
without
stumbling
.
Long
before
his
sickness
he
fore-told
the
approaching
,
and
in
his
sicknesse
,
His
death
foreseen
by
him
.
the
precise
day
of
his
death
:
And
hee
was
so
farre
from
declining
it
,
that
by
fasting
,
labour
,
and
watching
,
he
seemed
rather
to
accelerate
it
,
that
he
might
be
the
readier
to
entertain
death
,
His
preparation
for
death
.
and
meet
his
Saviour
.
Being
very
weak
,
as
he
was
going
to
preach
at
Lacock
in
Wiltsh●re
,
a
Gentleman
meeting
him
,
friendly
admonished
him
to
returne
home
for
his
healths
sake
,
telling
him
that
it
was
better
the
people
should
want
one
Sermon
,
then
be
altogether
deprived
of
such
a
Preacher
.
To
whom
he
replyed
,
That
it
best
became
a
Bishop
to
die
preaching
in
a
Pulpit
;
Preach●rs
pattern
.
alluding
to
that
of
Vespasian
,
Oportet
Imperatorem
stantem
mori
.
And
thinking
upon
that
of
his
Master
,
Gal.
5.
16.
Happy
art
thou
my
servant
,
if
when
I
come
I
find
thee
so
doing
.
His
text
whereon
he
preached
at
Lacock
,
was
,
Walk
in
the
Spirit
;
and
presently
after
Sermon
his
disease
growing
more
and
more
upon
him
,
hee
was
forced
to
take
his
bed
.
In
the
beginning
of
his
sicknesse
he
made
his
Will
,
and
gave
most
of
his
estate
to
his
servants
,
to
scholars
,
and
to
the
poor
of
Sarum
.
The
Saturday
following
,
calling
all
his
houshold
about
him
,
he
expounded
the
Lords
Prayer
,
Hi●
speech
to
his
family
in
his
sicknesse
.
Cantater
●ygnus
funeris
ipse
sui
:
Wherein
hee
said
,
It
hath
alwaies
been
my
desire
that
I
might
glorifie
God
,
and
honour
his
name
by
sacrificing
my
life
unto
death
for
the
defence
of
his
Truth
:
But
seeing
God
hath
not
granted
my
desire
,
yet
I
rejoice
that
my
body
is
exhausted
,
and
worn
away
in
the
labours
of
my
holy
calling
,
&c.
And
now
that
my
hour
is
at
hand
I
earnestly
desire
you
to
pray
for
me
,
and
to
help
me
with
the
ardencie
of
your
affections
,
when
you
perceive
me
,
through
the
infirmitie
of
the
●esh
,
to
languish
in
my
prayers
:
Hitherto
I
have
taught
you
,
but
now
the
time
is
come
wherein
I
may
,
and
desire
to
be
taught
and
strengthened
by
every
one
of
you
.
Then
hee
desired
them
to
sing
the
71
Psalm
,
himself
also
joyning
as
well
as
he
could
,
somtimes
also
interposing
some
words
of
particular
application
to
himself
,
&
in
the
end
he
said
,
Lord
now
let
thy
servant
depart
in
peace
:
Break
off
all
delaies
:
Lord
receive
my
spirit
,
&c.
Death
desired
.
Then
one
standing
by
,
prayed
with
tears
,
that
if
the
Lord
pleased
,
he
would
restore
him
to
his
former
health
:
Juel
over-hearing
him
,
seemed
to
be
offended
,
and
said
,
I
have
not
lived
so
,
that
I
am
ashamed
to
live
longer
,
neither
do
I
fear
to
die
,
Ambrose
.
His
faith
.
because
we
have
a
mercifull
Lord
.
A
crown
of
righteousness
is
laid
up
for
me
:
Christ
is
my
righteousnesse
.
Father
,
let
thy
will
be
done
,
thy
will
I
say
,
and
not
mine
,
which
is
imperfect
and
depraved
.
This
day
quickly
let
me
see
the
Lord
Jesus
,
&c.
And
so
after
a
few
fervent
inward
prayers
and
sighs
of
longing
desire
,
the
soul
returned
to
him
that
gave
it
,
His
Death
.
Anno
Christi
1571
;
and
of
his
Age
50.
Concerning
his
Apology
for
the
Church
of
England
,
Martyrs
testimony
of
his
Apology
.
Peter
Martyr
thus
wrote
to
him
.
Tua
Apologia
,
frater
charissimè
,
non
tantùm
mihi
omnibus
modis
,
&
numeris
satisfecit
:
verùm
etiam
Bulingero
,
ejusque
filiis
,
&
generis
,
nec
non
Gualthero
,
&
Wolphio
;
tam
sapiens
,
mirabilis
,
&
eloquens
vis●
est
,
ut
ejus
laudandae
nullum
modum
faciant
,
nec
arbitrantu●
quicquam
▪
hoc
tempore
perfectius
editum
fuisse
,
&c.
i.
e.
Thy
Apology
,
dear
brother
,
hath
not
onely
fully
satisfied
mee
but
it
seems
also
so
wise
,
admirable
,
and
eloquent
to
Bullinger
,
and
his
sonnes
;
as
also
to
Gualter
,
and
Wolphius
,
that
they
can
never
make
an
end
of
praising
it
;
and
they
believe
that
there
hath
not
been
so
compleate
a
book
published
in
this
Age
,
&c.
The
Life
of
Zegedine
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1572.
STeven
Kis
,
His
birth
and
education
.
sirnamed
Zegedine
,
from
the
place
where
hee
was
born
,
which
was
a
Town
in
the
lower
Pannonia
,
was
born
Anno
Christi
1505
,
brought
up
in
learning
,
first
in
the
School
of
Zegedine
,
under
the
eye
of
his
Parents
;
then
was
sent
to
Lippain
,
and
after
a
while
to
Julia
,
in
all
which
places
he
made
an
excellent
progresse
in
Learning
,
and
profited
to
admiration
:
And
his
parents
being
dead
,
he
betooke
himself
to
teaching
a
School
,
and
for
his
admirable
dexterity
therein
,
he
procured
to
himselfe
great
favour
,
and
authority
amongst
all
sorts
of
persons
.
About
which
time
(
hearing
the
fame
of
Luther
and
Melancthon
)
he
had
a
great
mind
to
goe
to
Wittenberg
;
He
goes
to
Wittenberg
.
but
wanting
opportunity
in
sundry
regards
,
he
went
to
the
University
at
Cracovia
,
where
having
studied
a
while
,
he
was
made
a
Reader
to
others
,
and
grew
very
famous
;
and
having
gotten
some
money
there
,
Anno
Christi
1541
hee
went
to
Wittenberg
,
where
hee
studied
Logick
and
Divinity
three
years
,
His
diligence
and
zeal
.
being
a
diligent
hearer
of
the
Lectures
of
Luther
and
Melancthon
all
that
while
;
and
so
at
the
end
of
that
terme
,
returned
into
his
own
country
,
where
hee
was
received
by
the
Hungarian
youths
with
great
applause
in
every
place
.
And
being
hired
in
the
City
of
Thasniadine
,
His
first
imployments
.
he
not
only
instructed
youth
in
the
knowledge
of
the
Arts
,
but
he
preached
Jesus
Christ
also
to
the
people
,
before
unknown
unto
them
.
This
comming
to
the
ears
of
the
Kings
Treasurer
,
he
sent
for
him
,
fell
upon
him
,
beat
him
,
and
drove
him
out
of
the
City
.
There
he
lost
two
hundred
books
,
Inhumane
cruelty
.
and
was
so
barbarously
kicked
by
this
Tyrant
with
his
Iron
spurs
,
that
he
was
almost
slain
.
Thus
wandring
up
and
down
as
an
exile
,
Anno
Christi
1545
,
hee
was
called
to
Julia
,
He
is
called
to
Julia.
where
he
was
made
Governour
of
an
illustrious
Schoole
,
and
hee
began
to
live
comfortably
;
but
on
a
sudden
came
news
to
him
of
the
death
of
Luther
,
which
was
a
very
great
grief
to
him
.
And
to
Cegl●dine
.
The
year
after
hee
was
sent
for
to
Cegledine
,
where
he
was
hired
to
preach
publickly
in
the
Church
,
and
with
the
leave
of
the
Schoolmaster
he
read
Melancthons
Common
places
in
the
Schooles
,
discovering
many
of
the
Popish
errors
to
his
hearers
;
and
God
was
pleased
so
to
blesse
his
labours
,
that
many
learned
young
men
went
out
of
those
Schooles
.
Having
continued
there
about
two
yeares
and
an
half
,
Anno
Christi
1548
hee
married
his
first
Wife
called
Ursula
;
after
which
leaving
Cegledine
,
hee
was
earnestly
sent
for
by
the
Governour
of
Temeswert
to
govern
the
School
there
,
He
goes
to
Temeswert
.
which
indeed
was
the
most
famous
School
in
all
those
parts
;
where
he
not
onely
performed
the
office
wherewith
he
was
intrusted
,
but
preached
weekely
to
the
people
:
But
that
Governour
dying
,
there
succeeded
him
one
that
was
of
a
most
rugged
disposition
,
being
a
souldier
,
and
a
strong
Papist
,
His
many
sold
afflictions
.
who
drove
Zegedine
from
thence
,
togegether
with
divers
other
Protestants
.
Being
again
an
exile
,
he
wandered
up
and
down
till
hee
was
called
to
govern
the
School
at
Thurin
,
He
is
called
to
Thurin
.
where
he
was
received
with
great
honour
,
Anno
Christi
1551
,
and
according
to
his
former
custome
preached
to
the
people
,
who
eagerly
embraced
the
Truth
,
and
loved
him
exceedingly
.
From
thence
,
Anno
Christi
1553
,
he
was
called
to
Bekenese
,
where
he
preached
to
the
people
,
And
from
thence
to
Becknese
.
and
read
Lectures
in
the
Schools
.
Whilst
he
was
there
,
some
Italian
souldiers
were
commanded
by
their
Captain
to
kill
Zegedine
,
out
of
an
hatred
to
his
Religion
;
but
it
pleased
God
that
a
Country
man
,
who
heard
the
command
,
running
hastily
to
Zegedine
,
said
to
him
,
Sir
,
what
doe
you
here
,
A
speciall
providence
.
when
there
are
some
souldiers
comming
upon
you
to
slay
you
?
therefore
flie
hence
speedily
if
you
will
save
your
life
,
and
if
you
have
any
thing
of
worth
,
commit
it
to
my
custodie
,
who
promise
faithfully
to
keep
it
for
you
.
Whilst
he
was
speaking
,
the
noise
of
the
souldiers
was
heard
without
,
whereupon
Zegedine
slipt
into
his
chamber
,
and
taking
a
bag
of
mony
,
gave
it
to
the
man
out
of
his
window
,
intreating
him
to
keep
it
safe
.
He
is
taken
prisoner
.
Presently
after
the
Souldiers
rushing
into
his
chamber
,
plundered
him
of
all
he
had
,
together
with
his
books
,
and
binding
him
,
carried
him
away
with
them
to
the
Captain
.
Gods
mercy
.
But
behold
the
gracious
providence
of
God
.
Amongst
those
bloodie
souldiers
there
was
one
that
favoured
him
,
and
conveighed
him
away
,
so
that
swimming
over
a
river
,
he
escaped
,
&
returned
home
again
,
when
the
souldiers
were
departed
out
of
the
country
.
In
his
bedstraw
hee
had
left
another
bagge
of
money
,
which
some
women
,
searching
his
chamber
after
his
departure
,
had
found
,
and
now
honestly
restored
to
him
againe
:
But
that
man
to
whom
he
had
given
the
bagge
out
of
the
window
,
could
never
after
bee
heard
of
.
Shortly
after
,
his
fame
spreading
abroad
,
he
was
called
to
Tholna
to
govern
the
School
;
He
is
called
to
Tholna
.
wherefore
taking
onely
one
servant
along
with
him
,
hee
went
thither
.
Anno
Christi
1553
,
where
he
spent
most
of
his
time
in
teaching
Schoole
:
But
afterwards
at
the
importunity
of
the
Minister
,
he
first
began
on
Holydayes
,
and
after
on
Sabbath
daies
to
preach
to
the
people
.
And
his
former
Wife
being
dead
,
he
married
another
,
one
Elizabeth
,
His
second
marriage
.
a
woman
no
less
vertuous
then
beautifull
.
And
not
long
after
he
was
chosen
to
Lascovia
to
be
their
Pastor
;
and
was
Ordained
Minister
by
the
Imposition
of
Hands
,
He
is
ordained
Anno
Christi
1554
:
And
being
now
about
fifty
years
old
,
he
was
made
Doctor
,
and
Superintendent
of
all
that
Baronrie
:
But
hee
had
such
an
earnest
desire
to
breed
up
youth
in
Religion
and
Learning
,
that
notwithstanding
his
other
weighty
imployments
,
he
read
not
only
in
the
Schools
,
but
privately
also
in
his
own
house
to
many
;
many
ignorant
Priests
round
about
resorting
to
his
Lectures
:
Neither
did
he
intermit
his
pains
,
His
industry
and
zeal
.
no
not
in
sicknesse
,
if
hee
had
but
strength
to
speak
that
his
voice
might
bee
heard
.
And
thus
he
continned
four
years
at
Lascovia
,
where
he
had
three
children
born
,
Anne
,
Sarah
,
and
Isaac
;
and
was
often
made
use
of
by
a
noble
Lord
called
Mark
Horvat
,
Governour
of
a
Castle
hard
by
,
sometimes
to
preach
,
and
othersome
times
to
decide
the
most
intricate
Controversies
.
Anno
Christi
1558
he
was
removed
thence
by
the
authority
of
some
Governours
of
neighbouring
Castles
to
Calmantsem
,
He
goes
to
Calmantsem
.
though
much
against
his
will
:
And
Anno
Christi
1561
the
greatest
misery
and
mischief
that
ever
befell
Zegedine
in
his
life
,
by
Gods
permission
now
came
upon
him
;
the
occasion
whereof
was
this
.
Preaching
upon
Circumcision
day
,
he
spake
much
of
the
signification
of
names
,
He
is
taken
prisoner
.
and
amongst
others
of
●rsula
,
that
it
signified
,
a
young
Bear
:
Whereupon
a
violent
woman
of
that
name
,
Wife
to
Albert
Turia
,
made
a
grievous
complaint
to
her
husband
,
that
Zegedine
had
on
purpose
mentioned
that
name
to
disgrace
her
before
all
the
congregation
,
and
that
it
deserved
to
be
taken
notice
of
:
In
the
mean
time
comes
into
those
parts
one
Mamhuts
Beg
,
a
Turish
Captain
,
that
was
governour
of
Quinque
ecclesia
,
whom
the
Citizens
of
Calmantsem
entertained
,
and
gave
presents
to
:
Whereupon
he
advised
them
to
present
his
Captaine
the
Vayvod
of
Coppeswar
with
four
or
five
els
of
cloth
of
Gold
,
or
Silver
,
which
was
imposed
upon
them
as
a
tribute
to
be
paid
to
him
;
but
whilst
they
neglected
to
doe
it
,
the
Vayvod
being
angry
,
came
upon
them
as
they
were
at
a
Sermon
,
and
took
many
of
them
prisoners
,
together
with
Zegedine
,
and
carried
them
away
to
Copesware
.
He
is
taken
prisoner
.
The
rest
that
escaped
,
gathering
the
Tribute
,
carried
it
presently
to
the
Vayvod
,
entreating
his
pardon
,
and
the
restitution
of
the
prisoners
,
especially
of
Zegedine
,
but
hee
told
them
,
that
hee
had
now
written
to
the
Beg
(
or
Lord
)
of
Quinqueecclesia
,
that
he
had
taken
some
prisoners
,
to
whom
therefore
,
if
they
would
have
them
restored
to
liberty
,
they
must
goe
and
petition
for
their
release
.
This
they
did
,
and
things
began
to
succeed
according
to
their
mind
,
so
that
the
captives
were
commanded
to
be
restored
:
But
the
Citizens
of
Calmantsem
having
been
many
wayes
wronged
by
the
Vayvod
,
Turkish
injustice
.
sought
to
the
Beg
to
have
him
removed
out
of
his
place
;
but
the
crafty
Vayvod
by
greater
bribes
,
perswaded
the
Beg
that
all
their
accusations
were
false
:
Whereupon
the
Beg
said
to
them
,
I
will
have
some
of
your
grave
Citizens
,
together
with
your
Minister
brought
unto
me
,
by
whom
I
may
be
informed
of
the
truth
of
these
things
.
But
when
Zegedine
came
,
He
is
again
imprisoned
.
he
picked
a
quarrell
with
him
,
and
cast
him
into
prison
:
Whereupon
his
people
,
by
rich
presents
,
endeavoured
to
procure
his
release
;
and
when
they
had
almost
obtained
their
request
,
one
whispered
the
Beg
in
his
ear
,
and
told
him
,
that
hee
might
have
a
thousand
Florens
for
his
ransome
:
Upon
this
suggestion
the
covetous
Turk
still
detained
him
,
and
told
them
that
he
would
not
release
him
till
they
had
paid
him
a
thousand
Florens
:
And
when
the
money
came
in
slower
then
he
expected
,
Barbarous
cruelty
.
the
barbarous
Tyrant
chid
Zegedins
Keeper
for
using
him
too
gently
,
which
(
as
he
said
)
was
the
cause
that
his
ransom
was
not
yet
paid
:
He
is
beaten
cruelly
.
Whereupon
his
Keeper
bound
and
whipt
him
with
th●ngs
til
he
was
bloody
all
over
,
and
almost
kill'd
him
:
Afterwards
the
Beg
promised
that
if
they
would
procure
the
release
of
the
Daughter
of
the
Major
of
Tolne
,
who
was
prisoner
with
the
Hungarians
,
and
bring
her
unto
him
,
hee
would
release
Zegedine
.
Her
,
therefore
,
Zegedines
people
of
Calmantsem
redeemed
for
three
hundred
Florens
,
and
presented
her
to
the
Beg
,
Breach
of
promise
.
yet
the
Infidell
falsified
his
promise
,
and
kept
him
still
prisoner
.
Then
the
Prince
of
Transi●vania
sent
Ambassadors
,
and
a
rich
present
to
the
Beg
,
requesting
the
release
of
Zegedine
,
yet
nothing
could
prevail
.
Many
passengers
that
went
that
way
,
Charity
to
him
hearing
of
his
miserable
captivity
,
came
to
visit
him
,
and
gave
him
money
,
but
his
cruel
Keeper
extorted
most
of
it
from
him
,
His
Keepers
cruelty
.
having
a
command
from
the
Beg
that
he
should
bee
kept
with
short
commons
:
But
he
found
that
of
Saint
Paul
performed
to
him
,
Gods
providence
.
That
all
things
shall
work
together
for
good
to
them
that
love
God
:
For
being
bound
with
heavy
and
great
chains
,
the
barbarous
Turk
,
at
the
importunitie
of
some
of
the
Citizens
,
was
the
easier
prevailed
with
,
to
give
him
leave
to
goe
to
some
of
their
houses
,
faithfully
promising
to
returne
him
to
prison
before
night
;
and
so
having
these
opportunities
he
preached
to
the
Christians
,
who
earnestly
flocked
to
heare
him
.
He
is
favoured
by
the
Courtiers
.
And
it
pleased
God
at
last
to
encline
the
hearts
of
some
of
the
Courtiers
to
favour
Zegedine
,
who
were
grieved
to
see
him
waste
away
with
the
filth
and
stink
of
the
prison
,
and
thereupon
advised
the
best
way
they
could
for
his
release
.
During
his
imprisonment
,
the
Beg
used
all
means
both
by
threats
and
promises
,
He
is
solicited
to
turn
Renegado
.
to
draw
him
to
abjure
the
Christian
Religion
,
and
to
turn
Turk
;
but
hee
alwaies
answered
him
stoutly
,
That
such
arguments
might
prevail
with
children
,
but
could
not
with
him
.
His
courage
.
Having
leave
at
last
,
through
bribes
,
to
lie
amongst
the
other
captives
in
a
more
open
and
cleanly
place
,
he
wonderfully
refreshed
,
He
encourageth
the
Christian
captives
.
and
comforted
them
by
his
godly
exhortations
,
and
consolations
drawn
from
the
Scriptures
,
whereby
they
were
much
confirmed
in
the
Christian
Faith
:
And
whereas
before
they
were
almost
pined
through
want
of
food
,
Gods
mercy
.
God
so
stirred
up
the
hearts
of
some
to
bring
relief
to
Zegedine
,
that
all
the
rest
of
the
prisoners
were
provided
for
plentifully
thereby
.
Remaining
thus
in
prison
he
was
not
idle
,
What
he
wrote
in
prison
.
but
wrote
there
his
Common-places
and
some
other
Works
;
and
his
Citizens
having
tried
all
means
,
and
used
the
intercession
of
all
their
friends
for
his
release
,
began
now
almost
to
despair
of
obtaining
it
.
And
to
adde
to
his
affliction
,
it
pleased
God
in
the
time
of
his
imprisonment
(
which
was
above
a
year
)
three
of
his
children
died
,
which
added
much
to
his
affliction
.
Three
of
his
children
die
.
But
when
all
hopes
failed
,
let
us
see
by
what
means
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
he
obtained
his
liberty
.
The
meanes
of
his
deliverance
It
pleased
God
that
a
noble
Baron
and
his
Lady
passing
by
that
way
,
saw
this
worthy
man
of
God
in
so
miserable
a
plight
that
the
Lady
much
pittyed
him
;
and
afterwards
being
in
Child-bed
,
and
ready
to
dye
,
she
requested
her
Lord
(
who
loved
her
dearly
)
for
her
sake
to
improve
all
his
interest
in
the
Beg
to
procure
Zegedines
liberty
;
which
he
with
an
oath
promised
to
perform
,
and
accordingly
engaged
himself
to
the
Turk
that
he
should
pay
1200
Florens
for
his
ransom
;
His
release
.
upon
which
he
was
released
,
and
went
about
to
divers
Cities
to
gather
his
ransom
,
and
God
so
enlarged
mens
hearts
towards
him
,
that
in
a
short
time
he
carried
800
Florens
to
this
Baron
,
and
so
returned
to
his
people
at
Calmantsem
.
The
year
after
being
1564
,
A
great
danger
.
as
he
was
going
by
coach
to
Buda
,
when
the
horses
came
near
the
River
Danubius
,
being
very
hot
,
and
dry
,
they
ran
violently
into
the
river
:
but
behold
the
admirable
providence
of
God
:
when
they
had
swam
some
twenty
paces
in
the
river
,
they
turned
back
again
of
their
own
accord
,
Gods
providence
.
and
drew
the
coach
and
him
safely
to
the
shore
.
The
same
year
by
Imposition
of
hands
,
he
ordained
three
excellent
men
Ministers
Abo●●
that
time
there
came
a
bragging
Friar
,
and
challenged
him
to
a
disputation
;
which
he
willingly
accepting
of
,
Foolish
pride
.
the
great
Church
was
appointed
for
the
place
,
and
many
of
both
sides
resorted
thither
;
and
the
Friar
came
with
much
confidence
,
hi●
servants
carrying
a
great
sack
of
book●
〈◊〉
.
But
in
the
disputation
,
Zegedine
did
so
baffle
him
,
The
Friar
baffled
.
that
〈…〉
shrunk
away
with
shame
,
a●d
he
Frier
,
with
his
great
〈◊〉
was
left
all
alone
,
so
that
himself
was
faine
to
take
it
on
his
own
shoulders
,
and
go
his
way
.
About
that
time
the
Vayvod
,
Gods
judgment
on
a
persecutor
who
had
before
betrayed
him
,
coming
to
the
place
where
Zegedine
was
,
desired
to
speake
with
him
,
and
requested
him
to
forgive
him
,
professing
that
he
could
rest
neither
night
nor
day
,
he
was
so
haunted
with
apparitions
,
and
the
Furies
of
his
own
conscience
;
His
Charity
.
which
Zegedine
easily
assented
unto
.
An.
Christi
1566
,
Another
danger
.
Zegedine
being
very
hot
,
invited
a
friend
to
go
with
him
to
the
River
of
Danubius
to
bathe
themselves
;
but
as
they
were
swimming
,
his
friend
looking
about
him
,
saw
not
Zegedine
,
and
wondering
what
was
become
of
him
so
suddenly
,
at
last
spied
his
hoary
hairs
appearing
above
water
;
and
swimming
swiftly
to
him
,
Gods
providence
.
Zegedine
was
sunk
,
whereupon
he
diving
to
the
bottom
of
the
river
,
caught
hold
of
him
,
and
drew
him
forth
,
carrying
him
to
a
Mill
that
was
not
far
off
,
where
he
laid
him
to
bed
:
About
midnight
Zegedine
,
coming
to
himselfe
,
enquired
how
he
came
there
,
and
who
drew
him
out
of
the
River
;
his
friend
told
him
the
whole
story
,
and
kept
him
carefully
till
he
recovered
.
Anno
Christi
1572
he
fell
into
a
lingring
disease
,
in
which
he
loathed
meat
,
slept
little
,
was
much
troubled
with
rheume
,
complained
of
Head-ach
,
and
could
find
no
ease
,
either
sitting
,
standing
,
or
lying
;
yet
he
drank
much
milk
;
and
thought
that
if
he
could
procure
some
sleep
,
hee
might
easily
recover
his
former
health
;
whereupon
he
sent
for
a
Chirurgion
,
who
gave
him
a
bitter
potion
,
His
Death
.
which
caused
him
to
fall
asleep
;
but
after
a
little
while
he
quietly
breathed
forth
his
last
,
being
67
years
old
,
Anno
Christi
1572.
He
was
a
zealous
assertor
of
the
Truth
against
Arianism
,
Mahometism
,
His
zeal
against
Hereticks
.
and
Papism
,
with
all
which
Heresies
Hungary
at
that
time
was
much
infected
.
His
writings
were
these
.
Adsertio
de
Trinitate
contra
quorundam
deliramenta
,
His
Works
.
in
quibusdam
Hungariae
partibus
exorta
.
Speculum
Romanorum
Pontificum
.
Loci
communes
Theologicae
.
Tabulae
analyticae
de
fide
Christiana
.
J.
KNOX
The
Life
of
John
Knox
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1572.
JOhn
Knox
was
born
at
Gifford
in
Lothaine
in
Scotland
,
His
Birth
and
Education
.
Anno
1505.
of
honest
parentage
:
Brought
up
first
at
School
,
then
sent
to
the
University
of
Saint
Andrews
to
study
under
Mr.
Jo.
Mair
,
who
was
famous
for
learning
in
those
dayes
,
and
under
whom
in
a
short
time
he
profited
exceedingly
in
Philosophy
,
and
School-Divinity
,
〈…〉
and
tooke
his
Degrees
,
and
afterwards
was
admitted
very
young
into
Orders
:
Then
he
betook
himself
to
the
reading
of
the
Fathers
,
especially
Augustines
and
Hieroms
Works
,
and
lastly
to
the
earnest
study
of
the
holy
Scriptures
,
His
Conversion
by
which
being
,
through
Gods
mercy
,
informed
of
the
Truth
,
he
willingly
embraced
it
,
and
freely
professed
it
,
and
imparted
it
to
others
.
But
the
Bishops
and
Friers
could
by
no
means
endure
that
light
which
discovered
their
darknesse
,
His
zeal
.
and
therefore
presently
raised
up
a
persecution
against
him
;
especially
David
Beton
,
Archbishop
and
Cardinal
,
who
caused
him
to
be
apprehended
and
cast
into
prison
,
Sathans
malice
purposing
to
have
sacrificed
him
in
the
flames
:
But
it
pleased
God
by
a
special
providence
that
he
was
delivered
,
and
therefore
presently
fled
to
Berwick
to
the
English
,
where
he
preached
the
Truth
of
the
Gospel
with
great
fruit
,
He
flies
to
Berwick
.
and
defended
it
against
the
Popish
party
,
so
that
his
fame
spread
abroad
exceedingly
.
Hee
preached
also
at
Newcastle
,
London
,
and
in
some
other
places
.
So
that
K.
Edw
▪
the
sixth
taking
notice
of
him
,
profered
him
a
Bishoprick
,
His
Humility
.
which
he
rejected
,
as
having
Aliquid
commune
cum
Antichristo
:
Something
in
it
common
with
Antichrist
.
King
Edward
being
dead
,
the
persecution
raised
by
Queen
Mary
made
him
leave
England
,
and
goe
to
Franckfort
upon
Maine
,
He
goes
to
Frankfort
.
where
for
a
time
he
preached
the
Gospel
to
the
English
Congregation
:
But
meeting
with
opposition
there
,
both
from
Papists
and
false
brethren
,
he
went
to
Geneva
,
And
to
Geneva
where
also
he
preached
to
an
English
Congregation
,
and
was
very
intimate
with
Master
Ralvin
,
continuing
there
some
years
.
Anno
Christi
1559
,
and
of
his
Age
54
,
He
is
sent
for
into
Scotland
.
the
Nobility
of
Scotland
,
with
some
others
,
beginning
the
reformation
of
Religion
,
sent
for
him
home
;
and
at
his
coming
to
Edenborough
he
was
lodged
in
the
house
of
that
worthy
main
James
Sime
,
where
he
beganne
privately
to
instruct
such
as
resorted
to
him
,
His
zeal
.
amongst
whom
was
the
Laird
of
Dun
,
David
Forresse
,
and
Elizabeth
Adamson
,
the
Wife
of
James
Baranne
,
Burgesse
of
Edenborough
,
and
some
others
.
After
a
while
Master
Knox
perceiving
that
divers
,
who
willingly
entertained
the
Doctrine
of
Christ
,
yet
made
no
scruple
to
goe
to
Masse
,
and
to
communicate
in
the
abused
Sacraments
after
the
Papisticall
manner
,
he
beganne
as
well
in
private
conference
,
as
in
his
Ministery
,
to
shew
the
impiety
of
the
Masse
,
and
the
great
danger
of
communicating
with
Idolatry
,
wherewith
some
being
terrified
in
conscience
,
the
businesse
beganne
to
be
agitated
from
one
to
another
.
Hereupon
the
Laird
of
Dun
invited
Master
Knox
to
supper
,
where
were
present
David
Forresse
,
Master
Kobert
Lockart
,
John
Willock
,
and
William
Matland
;
at
which
meeting
the
question
was
proposed
and
debated
,
and
Mr.
Knox
did
so
fully
,
and
learnedly
answer
whatsoever
was
objected
against
his
Doctrine
,
that
William
Matland
concluded
in
these
words
,
I
see
very
well
that
all
our
shifts
will
serve
nothing
before
God
,
seeing
they
stand
us
in
so
small
stead
before
men
.
After
these
reasonings
the
Mass
beganne
to
be
abhorred
,
The
Mass
abhorred
.
and
Mr.
Knox
at
the
request
of
the
Laird
of
Dun
went
with
him
to
Dun
,
where
he
remained
a
moneth
,
preaching
every
day
to
the
people
,
the
principall
men
of
that
country
resorting
to
his
Ministery
.
At
the
moneths
end
he
went
to
Calder
,
The
effect
of
his
Ministry
.
whether
resorted
to
him
the
Lord
Erskin
(
afterwards
Earl
of
Argile
)
Lord
James
the
Prior
of
St.
Andrews
(
afterwards
Earl
of
Murrey
)
where
they
heard
,
and
so
approved
his
Ministry
,
that
they
wished
it
had
been
more
publick
.
A
while
after
the
Earl
of
Glencarne
sent
for
Master
Knox
to
his
place
of
Finlaston
,
where
after
he
had
preached
to
them
,
he
administred
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
to
the
Earl
,
his
Lady
,
two
of
his
sons
,
and
some
others
,
and
so
he
went
back
to
Calder
;
to
which
place
many
resorted
to
him
from
Edenborough
,
and
the
country
round
about
,
not
onely
to
hear
his
Doctrine
,
but
also
to
partake
of
the
holy
Sacrament
which
before
they
had
never
received
.
From
thence
he
departed
the
second
time
to
the
Laird
of
Duns
,
where
he
preached
the
Gospel
with
more
liberty
and
boldnesse
then
he
had
before
,
and
many
of
the
Gentlemen
of
the
Country
after
they
had
heard
his
Doctrine
,
desired
also
to
be
made
partakers
of
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
,
and
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
his
Min●stry
had
such
an
impression
upon
their
hearts
,
that
they
presently
refused
all
society
with
Idolatry
,
and
bent
themselves
to
the
uttermost
of
their
powers
to
maintain
the
truth
of
Christ
.
The
Papists
rage
against
him
.
This
so
vexed
the
Friers
,
that
from
all
quarters
they
flocked
to
their
Bishops
to
complain
of
Master
Knox
,
so
that
he
was
summoned
to
appear
in
the
black-Fryers
Church
in
Edenborough
the
fifteenth
of
May
following
,
and
accordingly
he
appeared
;
Thither
came
also
Iohn
Erskin
of
Dun
,
with
divers
other
Gentlemen
,
which
the
Bishops
taking
notice
of
,
His
great
pains
durst
not
proceed
against
him
:
Insomuch
that
Master
Knox
the
same
day
that
he
should
have
appeared
before
them
,
preached
in
Edenborough
in
a
greater
Audience
then
ever
he
had
before
.
The
place
where
he
preached
was
in
the
Bishop
of
Dunkellins
great
lodging
,
in
which
place
he
preached
ten
days
together
,
both
forenoon
and
afternoon
.
Then
did
the
Earl
of
Glencarne
solicit
the
Earl
Marshall
to
hear
Master
Knox
,
which
he
with
his
Counsellor
Drummo●d
did
,
and
so
liked
his
Doctrine
,
He
writes
to
the
Queen
.
that
he
willed
Master
Knox
to
write
unto
the
Queen
Regent
somewhat
that
might
move
her
to
hear
the
word
of
God
.
This
M.
Knox
was
willing
to
do
,
and
wrote
that
which
was
afterwards
printed
,
called
,
A
Letter
to
the
Queen
Dowager
,
which
was
delivered
by
the
Earl
of
Glencarne
into
her
own
hands
:
The
Queen
after
she
had
read
the
Letter
,
delivered
it
to
that
proud
Prelate
Becon
,
She
scoffs
at
it
.
Bishop
of
Glascow
,
saying
,
in
scorne
,
Please
you
my
Lord
to
read
a
Pasquill
?
Whilst
Master
Knox
was
thus
occupied
in
Scotland
there
came
a
Letter
to
him
from
the
English
Congregation
which
was
setled
at
Geneva
,
He
is
called
back
to
Geneva
.
Anno
Christi
1555.
being
separated
from
the
contentious
and
superstitious
company
at
Frankefort
,
requiring
him
in
the
name
of
God
,
that
as
he
was
their
chosen
Pastor
,
so
he
should
repair
to
them
for
their
comfort
.
Upon
this
he
took
his
leave
in
every
Congregation
where
before
he
had
preached
,
exhorting
them
to
fervent
prayer
,
frequent
reading
o●
the
Scriptures
,
and
mutuall
conference
,
till
God
should
give
them
greater
liberty
;
and
then
he
sent
before
him
to
Diep
his
Mother
in
law
Elizabeth
Bowes
,
and
his
wife
;
but
himselfe
by
the
importunity
of
Robert
Campbel
stayed
a
while
in
Scotland
,
going
to
the
Earl
of
Argile
,
then
in
Campbel
Castle
,
where
he
taught
certain
dayes
,
the
Laird
of
Glenurquaire
being
one
of
his
Auditors
,
who
intreated
the
Earl
of
Argile
to
retain
him
in
Scotland
:
But
he
was
resolved
upon
his
journey
,
and
would
by
no
means
stay
at
that
time
,
yet
promising
,
that
if
the
Lord
blessed
those
small
beginnings
,
whensoever
they
pleased
to
command
him
,
they
should
find
him
obedient
to
their
call
.
Shortly
after
he
passed
over
into
France
,
He
leaves
Scotland
.
and
from
thence
went
to
Geneva
,
He
is
condemned
.
whereupon
the
Bishops
of
Scotland
summoned
him
,
and
for
non-appearance
,
condemned
him
,
and
burnt
his
effigies
at
the
Crosse
at
Edenborough
.
From
which
unjust
sentence
,
when
Master
Knox
heard
of
it
,
he
●ent
an
appellation
,
His
appeal
.
which
he
directed
to
the
Nobility
and
Commons
of
Scotland
.
March
the
tenth
,
Anno
Christi
,
1556.
certain
of
the
Nobility
of
Scotland
.
sent
this
ensuing
Letter
to
Master
Knox
at
Geneva
.
Grace
,
He
is
sent
for
into
Scotland
mercy
and
peace
for
salvation
.
Dearly
b●loved
in
the
Lord
the
faithfull
that
are
of
your
acquaintance
in
these
parts
(
thanks
be
to
God
)
are
stedfast
in
the
beliefe
wherein
you
left
them
,
and
have
a
godly
thirst
and
desire
from
day
to
day
to
injoy
your
presence
againe
,
which
if
God
so
move
your
heart
,
and
give
you
life
,
we
desire
you
in
the
name
of
the
Lord
that
you
returne
to
us
again
into
this
place
,
where
you
shall
finde
all
faithfull
that
you
left
behind
you
;
who
will
not
only
be
glad
to
hear
your
Doctrine
,
but
ready
to
jeopard
their
estates
for
the
setting
forth
of
the
glory
of
God
,
as
he
will
permit
time
.
And
albeit
the
Magistrates
of
this
Country
be
as
yet
but
in
the
state
you
left
them
;
yet
at
the
writing
hereof
we
have
no
experience
of
any
more
cruelty
used
then
was
before
;
but
rather
beleeve
that
God
will
augment
his
flock
,
because
we
see
daily
the
Friers
(
enemies
to
Christs
Gospel
)
in
lesse
estimation
both
with
the
Queens
Grace
and
the
rest
of
the
Nobility
of
the
Realme
.
This
in
few
words
is
the
mind
of
the
faithfull
here
present
,
and
of
others
absent
.
The
rest
of
our
minds
this
faithfull
messenger
wil
shew
you
,
when
he
comes
to
you
.
Fare
you
well
in
the
Lord
.
Subscribed
-
Glencarne
.
-
Erskin
.
-
Argile
-
James
Steward
.
Master
Knox
upon
the
receipt
of
this
Letter
advised
with
Master
Calvin
,
and
other
Ministers
,
who
upon
mature
deliberation
,
told
him
that
he
could
not
refuse
this
call
,
unlesse
he
would
shew
himselfe
rebellious
against
God
,
and
unmercifull
to
his
Country
:
Whereupon
he
returned
answer
,
that
he
would
come
to
them
so
soon
as
he
could
settle
the
affairs
of
that
dear
flock
that
was
committed
to
his
charge
.
Shortly
after
he
began
his
journy
,
and
arrived
in
Scotland
that
very
day
whereon
the
Bishops
ended
their
Provinciall
Councill
;
and
hearing
that
the
brethren
were
met
at
Dundee
,
he
went
to
them
,
His
return
into
Scotland
.
and
earnestly
requested
that
he
and
his
brethren
might
joyne
together
to
make
a
confession
of
their
faith
;
which
being
assented
to
,
he
went
to
St.
Johnstons
to
them
,
where
also
he
preached
to
the
people
;
But
presently
came
a
summons
that
the
Preachers
should
appear
before
the
Queen
Regent
at
Striveling
,
The
Ministers
summon●d
.
which
being
known
abroad
,
the
Protestants
repaired
in
a
peaceable
manner
to
St.
Johnstons
to
accompany
their
Preachers
to
the
Queen
;
The
peoples
zeal
.
and
least
such
a
multitude
should
affright
her
,
the
Laird
of
Dun
,
a
zealous
godly
and
prudent
man
,
went
before
to
Striveling
,
to
acquaint
the
Queen
that
the
cause
of
their
meeting
was
onely
with
their
Preachers
to
give
in
a
confession
of
their
faith
,
and
to
assist
them
in
their
just
defence
.
The
Queen
very
craftily
solicited
him
to
stay
the
multitude
,
They
are
proscribed
.
and
the
preachers
also
,
promising
to
take
some
good
order
about
their
affairs
:
Yet
when
the
Preachers
appeared
not
upon
the
day
appointed
,
she
put
them
to
the
Horne
,
prohibiting
all
men
upon
pain
of
Rebellion
,
to
assist
,
comfort
,
relieve
or
receive
any
of
them
;
which
treacherous
dealing
of
hers
so
inflamed
the
multitude
,
that
neither
the
exhortation
of
the
Preachers
,
nor
the
command
of
the
Magistrates
could
restraine
them
,
but
that
they
pulled
down
the
Images
,
and
all
other
monuments
of
Idolatry
in
St.
Johnstons
.
This
being
told
to
the
Queen
,
Im●ges
demolished
.
she
was
so
much
enraged
at
it
,
that
she
vowed
to
destroy
man
,
The
Queens
malice
.
woman
,
and
child
in
that
place
,
then
utterly
to
burn
the
Towne
,
The
Protestants
write
to
the
Queen
.
and
to
sow
it
with
salt
for
a
perpetuall
desolation
.
The
Protestant
Congregation
hearing
hereof
,
presently
wrote
a
Letter
to
the
Queen
,
and
caused
it
to
be
laid
on
her
Cushion
where
she
sat
at
Mass
,
wherein
they
declared
,
that
except
she
moderated
her
wrath
,
and
stayed
her
intended
cruelty
,
they
should
be
compelled
to
take
the
Sword
in
their
just
defence
against
all
that
should
pursue
them
for
matters
of
Religion
,
and
for
their
Conscience
sake
,
which
ought
not
to
be
subject
to
any
mortal
creature
,
farther
then
Gods
Word
doth
command
,
&c.
They
further
requested
that
she
would
permit
them
to
live
in
that
peace
and
liberty
which
Christ
had
purchased
for
them
by
his
blood
;
that
they
might
have
his
Word
truly
preached
,
Their
zeal
.
and
the
holy
Sacraments
rightly
administred
to
them
,
for
that
they
had
rather
expose
their
bodies
to
a
thousand
deaths
,
then
to
hazard
their
soules
to
perpetuall
damnation
by
denying
Christ
,
and
his
manifest
Truth
,
&c.
They
wrote
also
another
Letter
to
the
Nobility
of
Scotland
,
which
coming
abroad
,
the
brethren
in
Cunningam
and
Kile
met
together
at
the
Church
of
Craggy
,
where
Alexander
Earl
of
Glencarne
,
said
to
them
,
The
Earl
of
Glencarns
courage
and
zeale
.
Let
every
man
doe
as
his
conscience
shall
direct
him
,
I
will
by
Gods
grace
see
my
b●ethren
at
St.
Johnstons
,
yea
though
never
a
man
will
goe
along
with
me
though
I
have
but
a
pike
on
my
shoulder
;
for
I
had
rather
die
with
that
company
,
then
live
after
them
.
This
speech
so
encouraged
the
rest
,
that
they
all
resolved
to
go
forward
.
In
the
meane
time
the
Queen
sent
her
French
Forces
,
and
the
Bishops
and
Priests
their
bands
against
Saint
Johnstones
;
whereupon
the
brethren
repaired
thither
from
all
quarters
for
their
relief
;
which
the
Queen
hearing
of
,
sent
the
Earle
of
Argile
,
and
the
Prior
of
Saint
Andrews
to
them
to
know
the
cause
of
that
great
meeting
?
They
answered
,
that
it
was
onely
to
resist
the
cruell
Tyranny
decreed
against
them
,
and
to
protect
the
Town
from
ruin
.
The
Lords
answered
,
that
they
were
farre
otherwise
informed
.
Then
Master
Knox
spake
thus
unto
them
:
Mr.
Knox
his
speech
to
the
Lord●
The
present
troubles
(
honourable
Lords
)
ought
to
move
the
hearts
of
all
the
true
servants
of
God
,
and
of
such
as
bear
any
true
love
to
their
country
,
and
country
men
,
deeply
to
consider
what
will
be
the
end
of
this
intended
Tyranny
.
The
rage
of
Sathan
seeks
the
destruction
of
all
those
in
this
Realm
that
professe
the
Name
of
Christ
.
Therefore
I
most
humbly
require
you
,
my
Lords
,
in
my
name
to
tell
the
Queen
,
that
we
,
whom
she
in
her
blind
rage
doth
thus
persecute
,
are
faithfull
servants
to
God
,
and
obedient
subjects
to
the
authority
of
the
Realm
,
whereas
that
Religion
which
she
maintains
by
fire
,
&
sword
,
is
not
the
religion
of
Jesus
Christ
,
but
expresly
contrary
to
the
same
,
a
superstition
devised
by
mans
brain
,
which
I
offer
my self
to
prove
against
all
men
in
Scotland
which
will
maintain
the
contrary
,
Gods
word
being
admitted
for
Judge
.
Tell
her
also
from
me
that
this
her
enterprise
shall
not
prosperously
succeed
in
the
end
,
and
that
herein
she
fights
against
God
.
The
Lords
promised
to
deliver
his
message
;
yet
did
the
Queen
straitway
send
her
Herauld
to
them
,
The
Queens
subtilty
.
to
command
them
presently
to
depart
the
Towne
upon
pain
of
Treason
.
But
when
she
perceived
their
number
to
increase
,
and
their
resolutions
,
fearing
the
event
of
a
Battel
,
she
upon
a
parley
and
large
promises
,
prevailed
with
them
to
depart
home
.
Her
perfidiousnesse
.
But
before
their
departure
Master
Knox
preached
a
Sermon
wherin
he
exhorted
them
to
constancy
,
adding
,
I
am
perswaded
that
this
promise
shall
be
no
longer
kept
,
then
till
the
Queen
and
her
Frenchmen
can
get
the
upper
hand
.
Which
shortly
after
sell
out
accordingly
;
for
when
she
,
was
entred
.
St.
Johnstons
,
she
,
contrary
to
promise
,
garrisoned
it
,
saying
,
That
she
was
not
bound
to
keep
promise
with
Hereticks
.
This
was
so
distastefull
to
the
Earl
of
Argile
and
the
Prior
of
St.
Andrews
,
that
they
forsook
the
Queen
,
and
went
toward
St.
Andrews
,
sending
to
the
Laird
of
Dun
and
some
others
to
meet
him
there
,
which
accordingly
they
performed
,
taking
Master
Knox
along
with
them
,
who
in
the
way
preached
in
Carrel
one
day
,
in
Anstruddor
the
second
,
intending
the
third
day
to
preach
at
St.
●ndrews
.
The
Bishop
of
St.
●ndrews
hearing
hereof
,
presently
raised
a
100
spearmen
,
The
Bisho●
opposed
K●ox
and
went
thither
on
the
Saturday
,
whereas
the
Lords
had
none
but
their
houshold
servants
about
them
;
and
at
the
same
time
the
Queen
and
her
Frenchmen
lay
at
Faikland
12
miles
from
St.
Andrews
.
The
Bishop
sent
word
to
the
Lords
,
that
if
John
Knox
offered
to
preach
the
next
day
,
he
should
be
saluted
with
a
dozen
of
Calivers
,
whereof
the
most
part
should
light
on
his
nose
.
The
Lords
after
long
deliberation
sent
for
M.
Knox
,
to
hear
his
opinion
herein
;
〈◊〉
with●ll
advised
him
to
forbear
for
his
owne
safety
,
〈◊〉
and
not
to
〈◊〉
that
day
in
contempt
of
the
Bishop
;
To
which
〈◊〉
Knox
answered
,
God
is
my
witnesse
that
I
never
preached
Christ
Jesus
in
contempt
of
any
man
,
neither
doe
I
now
intend
to
present
my self
in
that
place
with
respect
to
my
own
commodity
,
or
for
the
hurt
of
any
creature
:
but
to
forbear
preaching
to
morrow
,
except
I
be
violently
withholden
,
I
cannot
out
of
conscience
consent
to
it
:
For
in
this
Town
and
Church
God
was
pleased
first
to
call
me
to
the
honour
and
office
of
a
Preacher
,
from
which
I
was
driven
by
the
tyranny
of
the
French
,
and
procurement
of
the
Bishop
,
as
ye
all
know
well
enough
.
How
long
I
continued
prisoner
,
what
torments
I
sustained
in
the
French
Gallies
,
and
what
were
the
sobs
of
my
heart
is
now
no
time
to
relate
:
This
onely
I
cannot
conceal
,
which
many
heard
me
speak
when
my
body
was
far
from
Scotland
,
A
Pre●iction
.
that
I
certainly
hoped
in
open
audience
to
preach
in
St.
Andrews
before
I
departed
this
life
.
And
therefore
,
my
Lords
,
(
saith
he
)
seeing
God
above
the
expectation
of
many
hath
brought
me
to
this
place
where
first
I
was
called
to
the
office
of
a
Preacher
,
and
from
which
I
was
most
unjustly
removed
,
I
beseech
your
honours
not
to
hinder
me
from
presenting
my self
to
my
brethren
:
And
as
for
the
fear
of
danger
that
may
come
to
me
thereby
,
His
Courage
.
let
no
man
bee
sollicitous
;
for
my
life
is
in
the
custody
of
him
whose
glory
I
seek
,
and
therefore
I
cannot
so
fear
their
boasts
and
tyranny
,
as
thereby
to
be
deterred
from
d●ing
my
duty
when
God
of
his
mercy
offereth
me
such
an
occasion
.
I
desire
the
hand
and
weapon
of
no
man
to
defend
me
,
onely
I
crave
audience
;
which
if
it
be
denied
me
here
at
this
time
,
I
must
seek
further
where
I
may
have
it
.
Upon
this
speech
the
Lords
were
fully
content
that
hee
should
supply
the
place
,
which
accordingly
he
did
without
interruption
;
and
his
Sermon
so
wrought
upon
the
Magistrates
and
people
,
〈◊〉
destroyed
.
that
presently
after
Sermon
they
removed
all
the
monuments
of
superstition
and
Idolatry
out
of
that
Church
.
The
Bishop
advertised
hereof
,
presently
departed
to
the
Queen
,
who
with
her
French
Souldiers
lay
within
twelve
miles
;
and
by
his
grievous
complaints
did
so
farre
incense
her
,
that
it
was
resolved
without
delay
to
assault
S.
Andrews
and
the
two
Lords
,
who
were
but
slenderly
accompanied
:
and
accordingly
order
was
given
immediately
to
provide
quarters
for
the
Queen
and
her
Army
at
Cowper
,
six
miles
from
St.
Andrews
.
The
Lords
being
informed
hereof
,
resolved
to
meet
them
before
they
came
to
Cowper
,
and
withall
gave
spe●dy
advertisement
to
all
the
brethren
to
repair
towards
them
with
all
possible
expedition
;
which
also
they
did
with
such
diligence
,
The
peoples
zeal
.
that
Gods
wonderfull
work
appeared
therein
:
For
when
at
night
the
Lords
came
to
Cowper
,
there
were
not
a
hundred
horse
,
and
some
few
foot
;
and
before
the
next
day
at
noon
,
their
number
was
above
three
thousand
;
and
that
number
did
so
continually
encrease
,
as
if
men
had
rained
from
the
clouds
:
But
the
enemies
being
not
informed
hereof
,
assured
themselves
of
the
Victory
,
and
therefore
hasted
away
in
the
night
;
yet
when
by
their
Scouts
they
were
informed
of
the
number
and
order
of
the
Protestants
,
who
were
ready
to
receive
them
,
their
hearts
failed
,
and
intercessors
were
sent
to
make
an
agreement
,
and
a
truce
was
taken
for
eight
daies
,
till
an
agreement
might
be
finished
.
But
all
this
was
done
but
in
policy
by
the
Queen
,
The
Queens
policy
.
that
she
might
gaine
time
to
draw
off
her
Ordnance
,
and
to
make
a
handsome
retreat
over
the
water
of
Forth
.
The
Protestants
finding
themselves
thus
deluded
,
tooke
counsell
now
they
were
together
,
to
free
St.
Johnstons
from
the
French
Garrison
,
St
Johnstons
rescued
.
that
their
exiled
brethren
might
return
home
,
and
accordingly
they
sent
a
Trumpet
to
summon
the
Towne
;
but
the
Captaines
answered
,
that
they
would
keep
and
defend
it
according
to
their
promise
made
to
the
Queen
;
yet
as
soon
as
they
were
besieged
,
they
required
a
Truce
for
twelve
houres
,
at
the
end
whereof
they
delivered
it
up
to
the
Lords
;
and
the
same
day
being
Sabbath
,
thankes
were
publickly
returned
unto
God
,
and
presently
the
Monuments
of
Idolatry
were
demolished
,
and
the
rude
multitude
set
fire
to
the
Abbey
,
Idols
destroyed
though
Master
Knox
would
have
prevented
it
.
A
poor
old
woman
seeing
the
five
rage
so
furiously
,
and
run
so
swiftly
,
No●e
.
said
,
I
see
that
●ods
Judgements
are
just
,
and
no
man
is
able
to
save
where
he
will
destroy
;
ever
since
my
remembrance
this
place
hath
been
nothing
but
a
den
of
Whoremongers
:
It
is
incredible
to
beleeve
how
many
Wives
have
been
adulterated
,
Popish
unc●eannesse
.
and
Virgins
deflowred
by
those
filthy
beasts
,
and
especially
by
that
wicked
man
called
the
Bishop
.
If
all
men
knew
as
much
as
I
,
they
would
praise
God
for
this
destruction
.
The
Queen
hearing
of
these
proceedings
,
fearing
what
might
follow
,
resolved
to
send
some
French
bands
to
Striveling
,
to
hinder
their
coming
over
the
Forth
;
which
the
Lords
having
intelligence
of
,
privately
in
the
night
with
great
expedition
possessed
themselves
of
the
Town
before
the
French
came
,
The
Qu.
flies
.
whereupon
the
Queen
and
her
party
presently
left
Edenborough
,
and
went
to
Dunbar
.
Then
did
the
Protestants
march
to
Edenborough
,
where
also
the
Monuments
of
Idolatry
were
demolished
by
the
rude
multitude
.
Coming
thither
they
wrote
to
the
Q
desiring
that
they
might
enjoy
libertie
of
their
Consciences
;
They
write
to
the
Queen
.
That
Jesus
Christ
might
be
truly
preached
,
and
the
Sacraments
duly
administered
,
and
that
scandalous
,
and
unable
Ministers
might
be
removed
:
But
shee
returning
no
answer
,
the
Protestants
returned
home
,
the
Lords
onely
staying
,
who
were
now
called
,
The
Lords
of
the
Congregation
.
In
the
meane
time
the
French
being
informed
hereof
,
The
French
match
to
Ed●nborough
.
and
presuming
that
they
should
meet
with
no
resistance
,
hastened
to
Edenborough
;
which
the
Lords
hearing
of
,
called
upon
God
for
assistance
in
that
strait
.
It
is
true
,
they
might
have
retired
themselves
,
but
then
they
had
exposed
the
brethren
of
Edenborough
to
danger
,
and
therefore
they
rather
resolved
to
hazard
the
uttermost
extremity
.
The
French
first
marched
to
Leith
,
and
as
the
Lords
were
advancing
for
their
assistance
,
the
Townsmen
surrendered
the
Town
to
the
French
,
without
making
any
resistance
;
whereupon
the
Lords
retreated
to
Cragingate
,
there
to
oppose
the
enemy
.
Divers
Mediators
passed
to
and
fro
in
the
meane
time
to
have
setled
peace
,
and
at
last
sundry
Article
were
agreed
upon
,
and
the
Duke
of
Castleherald
,
and
the
Earl
of
Huntley
promised
the
Lords
,
that
if
the
Queen
brake
any
one
of
her
Articles
,
they
would
forsake
her
party
,
and
joyn
with
them
.
The
next
day
the
Lords
left
Edenborough
,
and
when
it
was
judged
dangerous
for
Master
Knox
still
to
abide
Minister
at
Edenborough
,
Mr.
Willock
Minister
of
Edenborough
.
the
brethren
requested
Mr.
Jo.
Willock
to
remain
with
them
,
to
which
hee
gladly
assented
,
desiring
to
make
it
appear
,
that
he
preferred
the
comfort
of
the
brethren
before
his
own
life
.
Shortly
after
open
Warre
brake
forth
between
the
Queen
Civil
Wars
about
Religion
.
Regent
,
and
the
Protestants
;
and
the
Queen
having
more
French
Forces
,
with
Money
,
and
Ordnance
sent
her
,
the
Scottish
Nobility
were
faigne
to
send
to
Queen
Elizabeth
for
aid
,
and
till
it
came
,
to
retire
themselves
towards
the
Highlands
for
their
safety
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Queen
Regent
with
her
French
men
went
from
place
to
place
,
plundering
,
spoyling
,
and
making
havock
of
all
without
resistance
;
which
so
puffed
her
up
with
pride
,
that
she
boastingly
said
?
Where
is
now
John
Knox
his
God
?
My
God
is
now
stronger
then
his
,
The
Queens
blasphemy
.
yea
even
in
Fife
.
But
her
brags
lasted
not
long
:
For
the
Earle
of
Arrane
,
and
the
Lord
James
,
went
to
Desert
,
having
not
above
five
hundred
Horse
,
and
a
hundred
Foot
;
whereas
the
French
were
above
four
thousand
,
besides
such
Scots
as
adhered
to
them
;
and
yet
the
Protestants
skirmished
daily
with
them
,
sometimes
from
morning
till
night
,
and
ever
went
away
with
the
better
,
killing
four
for
one
;
which
continued
for
one
and
twenty
dayes
together
,
during
all
which
time
they
never
put
off
either
clothes
or
boots
:
And
at
the
end
of
that
time
came
into
Edenborough
Frith
a
Fleet
of
the
English
to
assist
the
Protestants
,
Qu.
Eliz.
assists
the
Protestants
.
which
filled
their
hearts
with
joy
,
and
the
French
with
rage
and
madnesse
.
Thither
came
also
some
Forces
by
land
under
the
command
of
the
Lord
Grey
:
And
after
an
agreement
made
with
the
Scottish
Lords
,
some
of
the
English
and
Scots
attempted
to
take
Leith
by
storm
,
and
in
a
cruell
conflict
some
of
them
gat
upon
the
walls
,
but
the
scaling-ladders
proving
too
short
,
they
were
not
seconded
by
their
fellows
,
and
so
after
divers
hours
sight
were
forced
to
retire
;
which
the
Queen
Regent
beholding
from
Edenborough
Castle
walls
,
burst
out
into
a
great
laughter
,
saying
,
Now
wil
I
go
to
Masse
and
praise
God
for
that
which
mine
eyes
have
seen
.
And
when
the
French
had
stripped
the
slaine
,
The
Queens
pride
&
cruelty
and
layd
their
naked
bodyes
along
their
walls
,
the
Queen
looking
on
them
said
,
Yonder
are
the
fairest
Tapestries
that
ever
mine
eyes
beheld
;
I
would
that
the
whole
fields
which
are
betwixt
Leith
and
this
place
were
all
strewed
with
the
same
stuffe
.
But
this
joy
lasted
not
long
;
for
a
fire
kindling
in
Leith
,
A
speciall
providence
.
many
houses
,
and
much
of
their
provision
was
consumed
thereby
;
and
the
Queen
Regent
falling
sick
,
The
Qu.
dies
.
shortly
after
died
;
whereupon
the
King
of
France
sent
Ambassadors
to
Queen
Eliz.
to
conclude
a
peace
,
Peace
concluded
.
which
was
effected
,
and
the
English
and
French
Armies
were
drawn
out
of
Scotland
,
to
the
great
joy
of
that
Nation
,
insomuch
that
Thanksgivings
for
their
great
deliverance
by
the
help
of
the
English
were
inserted
into
their
Liturgie
.
And
presently
after
some
Commissioners
of
the
Scottish
Nobility
were
appointed
to
settle
Ministers
in
their
places
,
by
whom
Master
Knox
was
setled
at
Edenborough
,
M.
Knox
setled
at
Edneb
.
where
he
preached
many
excellent
Sermons
.
Anno
Christi
1566
the
Earl
of
Murray
being
slaine
on
the
Saturday
,
Earl
of
Murray
slain
.
Knox
preaching
at
Edenborough
the
next
day
,
amongst
the
papers
given
in
of
those
that
desired
the
prayers
of
the
Church
,
he
found
one
with
these
words
,
Take
up
the
man
whom
ye
accounted
another
God
.
His
losse
bewailed
.
At
the
end
of
his
Sermon
he
bemoaned
the
losse
which
the
Church
and
State
had
by
the
death
of
that
virtuous
man
,
adding
further
,
A
Prophesie
.
There
is
one
in
this
companie
that
makes
this
horrible
murther
the
subject
of
his
mirth
,
for
which
all
good
men
should
be
sorry
,
but
I
tell
him
hee
shall
dye
where
there
shall
be
none
to
lament
him
:
The
man
that
had
written
those
words
was
one
Thomas
Metellan
,
a
young
Gentleman
of
excellent
parts
,
but
bearing
small
affection
to
the
Earle
of
Murray
:
He
hearing
this
commination
of
John
Knox
,
went
home
to
his
Sister
and
said
,
That
John
Knox
was
raving
,
to
speak
of
he
knew
not
whom
.
His
Sister
replyed
with
tears
,
If
you
had
taken
my
advice
,
you
had
not
written
those
words
;
saying
further
,
That
none
of
John
Knox
his
threatnings
fell
to
the
ground
without
effect
;
and
so
indeed
this
came
to
passe
;
for
shortly
after
this
Gentleman
going
to
travel
,
Gods
judgment
on
a
scoffer
.
died
in
Italy
,
having
none
to
assist
,
much
lesse
to
lament
him
.
Towards
Master
Knox
his
latter
end
,
his
body
became
very
infirm
;
and
his
voice
so
weak
that
people
could
not
hear
him
in
the
ordinary
place
,
wherefore
he
chose
another
place
wherein
he
preached
upon
the
history
of
Christs
Passion
,
with
which
,
he
said
,
It
was
his
desire
to
close
his
Ministry
.
Finding
his
end
near
,
Preachers
pattern
.
he
importuned
the
Council
of
the
City
to
provide
themselves
a
worthy
man
to
succeed
in
his
place
:
Master
Iames
Lawson
Professor
in
Aberdene
was
the
man
pitched
upon
,
and
Commissioners
were
sent
from
the
Church
of
Edenborough
,
M.
Lawson
chosen
to
succeed
him
.
to
request
him
to
accept
of
the
place
.
Iohn
Knox
also
subscribed
that
request
,
adding
,
Accelera
mifrater
,
alioqui
sero
venies
:
Hast
my
brother
,
otherwise
you
will
come
too
late
:
This
made
Master
Lawson
to
hasten
his
journey
,
and
when
he
was
come
,
he
preached
twice
to
the
good
liking
of
the
people
,
whereupon
order
was
taken
by
the
Rulers
of
the
Church
for
his
admission
,
at
which
time
Iohn
Knox
would
needs
preach
,
though
very
we●k
,
which
also
he
performed
with
such
servency
of
spirit
,
that
he
was
never
before
heard
to
preach
with
such
great
power
,
or
more
content
to
the
hearers
.
In
the
end
of
his
Sermon
he
called
God
to
witnesse
,
That
he
had
walked
in
a
good
conscience
with
them
,
His
last
Sarmon
.
not
seeking
to
please
men
,
nor
serving
either
his
own
,
or
other
mens
affections
,
but
in
all
sincerity
and
truth
had
preached
the
Gospel
of
Christ
.
He
exhorted
them
in
most
grave
and
pithy
words
to
stand
fast
in
the
faith
they
had
received
;
His
sincerity
.
and
so
having
prayed
zealously
for
Gods
blessing
upon
them
,
and
the
multiplying
of
Gods
spirit
upon
their
new
Pastor
,
hee
gave
them
his
last
farewell
.
Being
conveyed
to
his
lodging
,
that
afternoone
he
was
forced
to
betake
himself
to
his
bed
;
His
last
sicknes
and
was
visited
by
all
sorts
of
persons
in
his
sickness
,
to
whom
he
spake
most
comfortably
:
Amongst
others
the
Earl
of
Morton
came
to
see
him
,
to
whom
hee
said
,
My
Lord
,
God
hath
given
you
many
blessings
,
Wisdom
,
Honour
,
Nobility
,
Riches
,
many
good
and
great
Friends
,
His
speech
to
the
Lord
of
Morton
.
and
he
is
now
about
to
prefer
you
to
the
government
of
of
the
Realm
(
the
Earl
of
Marr
,
the
late
Regent
,
being
newly
dead
)
.
In
his
name
I
charge
you
,
use
these
blessings
better
then
formerly
you
have
done
,
seeking
first
the
glory
of
God
,
the
furtherance
of
his
Gospel
,
the
maintenance
of
his
Church
,
and
Ministry
,
and
then
be
carefull
of
the
King
to
procure
his
good
,
and
the
welfare
of
the
Realm
.
If
you
doe
thus
,
God
will
be
with
you
,
and
honour
you
:
If
otherwise
he
will
deprive
you
of
all
these
benefits
,
and
your
end
shall
be
shame
,
and
ignominy
.
These
speeches
the
Earl
called
to
mind
about
nine
years
after
,
at
the
time
of
his
execution
,
A
Prophecy
.
saying
,
That
he
had
found
John
Knox
to
be
a
Prophet
.
A
day
or
two
before
Knox'
s
death
,
he
sent
for
Master
David
Lindsey
,
Mr.
Lawson
,
and
the
Elders
and
Deacons
of
the
Church
,
to
whom
he
said
,
His
speech
to
the
Ministers
and
Elders
.
Death
desired
.
The
time
is
approaching
,
which
I
have
long
thirsted
for
,
wherein
I
shall
be
released
from
all
my
cares
,
and
be
with
my
Saviour
Christ
for
ever
.
And
now
God
is
my
witnesse
whom
I
have
served
with
my
spirit
in
the
Gospel
of
his
Son
,
that
I
have
taught
nothing
but
the
true
,
and
sincere
word
of
God
;
and
that
the
end
that
I
proposed
in
my
Ministry
was
,
To
instruct
the
ignorant
,
to
confirm
the
weak
,
to
comfort
their
consciences
who
were
humbled
under
the
sense
of
their
sins
,
and
born
down
with
the
threatings
of
Gods
judgements
.
I
am
not
ignorant
that
many
have
,
and
doe
blame
my
too
great
rigour
,
and
severity
;
but
God
knoweth
that
in
my
heart
I
never
hated
those
against
whom
I
thundered
Gods
judgements
;
I
did
onely
hate
their
sins
,
and
laboured
according
to
my
power
to
gain
them
to
Christ
.
That
I
did
forbear
none
of
what
condition
soever
,
I
did
it
out
of
the
fear
of
my
God
,
who
hath
placed
me
in
the
function
of
his
Ministry
,
and
I
know
will
bring
me
to
an
account
.
Now
brethren
for
your selves
,
I
have
no
more
to
say
,
but
to
warn
you
that
you
take
heed
of
the
Flock
over
which
God
hath
placed
you
Over-seers
,
which
he
hath
redeemed
by
the
blood
of
his
onely
begotten
Son
.
And
you
Mr.
Lawson
sight
a
good
fight
,
do
the
worke
of
the
Lord
with
courage
,
and
with
a
willing
mind
,
and
God
from
Heaven
blesse
you
,
and
the
Church
whereof
you
have
the
Charge
Against
it
(
so
long
as
it
continues
in
the
Doctrine
of
the
Truth
)
the
gates
of
hell
shall
not
prevail
.
Having
thus
spoken
,
and
the
Elders
and
Deacons
being
dismissed
,
he
called
the
two
Preachers
to
him
,
and
said
,
His
Message
to
the
Laird
of
Crang
.
There
is
one
thing
that
grieveth
me
exceedingly
,
you
have
sometimes
seen
the
courage
,
and
constancy
of
the
Laird
of
Grang
in
the
cause
of
God
;
and
now
that
unhappy
man
is
casting
himselfe
away
;
I
pray
you
goe
to
him
from
me
,
and
tell
him
,
That
unlesse
he
forsake
that
wicked
course
that
he
is
in
,
the
rock
wherein
he
confideth
shall
not
defend
him
,
nor
the
carnall
wisdom
of
that
man
whom
he
counteth
halfe
a
god
[
which
was
young
Leshington
]
shall
yeeld
him
help
;
but
he
shall
be
shamefully
pulled
out
of
that
nest
,
and
his
carcass
hung
before
the
Sun
(
meaning
the
Castle
,
A
Prophesy
.
which
he
kept
against
the
Kings
Authority
)
for
his
soul
it
is
dear
to
me
,
and
if
it
were
possible
,
I
would
faine
have
him
saved
.
Accordingly
they
went
to
him
,
conferred
with
him
,
but
could
by
no
means
divert
him
from
his
course
;
but
as
Knox
had
foretold
,
so
the
year
after
his
Castle
was
taken
,
and
his
body
was
publickly
there
hanged
before
the
Sun
:
His
preparation
for
death
.
Yet
at
his
death
he
did
express
serious
repentance
.
The
next
day
M.
Knox
gave
order
for
the
making
of
his
coffin
,
Continuing
all
the
day
(
as
he
did
also
through
all
his
sicknesse
)
in
fervent
prayer
,
crying
,
Come
Lord
Jesus
,
Sweet
Jesus
into
thy
hands
I
commend
my
spirit
.
Being
asked
whether
his
pains
were
great
?
he
answered
,
That
he
did
not
esteem
that
a
pain
which
would
be
to
him
the
end
of
all
troubles
,
and
the
beginning
of
eternall
joys
.
Oft
after
some
deep
meditation
he
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
Oh
serve
the
Lord
in
fear
,
and
death
shall
not
be
trouble
some
to
you
;
blessed
is
the
death
of
those
that
have
part
in
the
death
of
Jesus
.
The
night
before
his
death
,
he
slept
some
hours
with
great
unquietnesse
,
often
sighing
and
groaning
,
whereupon
when
he
awakened
,
the
standers
by
asked
him
how
he
did
,
and
what
it
was
that
made
him
mourn
so
heavily
?
to
whom
he
answered
,
In
my
life
time
I
have
been
assulted
with
Temptations
from
Sathan
,
His
tentations
.
and
he
hath
oft
cast
my
sins
into
my
teeth
to
drive
me
to
despair
,
yet
God
gave
me
strength
to
overcome
all
his
Temptations
:
But
now
the
subtill
serpent
takes
another
course
,
and
seeks
to
perswade
me
,
that
all
my
labours
in
the
Ministry
,
and
the
fidelity
that
I
have
shewed
in
that
service
hath
merited
heaven
and
immortality
:
His
faith
.
But
blessed
be
God
that
brought
to
my
minde
these
Scriptures
,
What
hast
thou
that
thou
hast
not
received
?
And
,
Not
I
,
but
the
grace
of
God
in
me
;
with
which
he
is
gone
away
ashamed
,
and
shall
no
more
return
:
And
now
I
am
sure
that
my
battel
is
at
an
end
,
and
that
without
pain
of
body
,
or
trouble
of
spirit
,
I
shall
shortly
change
this
mortall
,
and
miserable
life
,
with
that
happy
and
immortall
life
that
shall
never
have
an
end
.
After
which
one
praying
by
his
bed
,
having
made
an
end
,
asked
him
,
if
he
heard
the
prayer
?
Yea
,
said
he
,
and
would
to
God
that
all
present
had
heard
it
with
such
an
ear
and
heart
as
I
have
done
:
Adding
,
Lord
Jesus
receive
my
spirit
:
With
which
words
,
without
any
motion
of
hands
or
feet
,
His
death
.
as
one
falling
asleep
rather
then
dying
,
he
ended
his
life
.
Never
was
man
more
observant
of
the
true
and
just
authority
of
Church-Rulers
according
to
the
word
of
God
,
His
care
for
Church-Discipline
.
and
the
practise
of
the
purest
Primitive
times
:
He
alwayes
pressed
due
Obedience
from
the
People
to
the
faithfull
Pastors
,
and
Elders
of
the
Church
.
He
died
Anno
Christi
1572.
and
of
his
age
62.
Men
of
all
ranks
were
present
at
his
Buriall
:
The
Earl
of
Murray
,
when
the
Corps
was
put
into
the
ground
,
said
,
Murrays
speech
.
Here
lies
the
body
of
him
who
in
his
life
time
never
feared
the
face
of
any
man
.
Script
a
reliquit
,
ad
Londinenses
,
&
alios
.
His
works
.
Ad
Evangeli●
professores
.
Qualiter
sit
Orandum
.
In
Psalmum
ad
matrem
.
Contra
missam
Papisticam
.
Doctrinale
Missaticum
.
De
fide
Eucharistiae
.
Ad
Ecclesias
afflictas
.
Ad
Scotiae
Reginam
Mariam
.
Consilium
in
Angustiis
.
Buccinae
afflatum
primum
.
Appellationem
a
sententia
Cleri
.
Ad
populares
Scotiae
,
In
Genesin
consciones
,
et
alia
quaedam
.
He
was
a
man
not
lesse
learned
then
endued
with
vertue
;
His
character
.
a
constant
Preacher
of
the
Truth
,
and
a
valiant
defendor
of
the
same
through
his
whole
life
.
His
zeal
▪
learning
and
courage
did
notably
appeare
in
this
example
.
Anno
Christi
1550
he
was
called
before
Tonstal
Bishop
of
Durham
,
and
his
Doctors
to
give
an
account
of
his
opinion
about
the
Masse
,
where
preaching
before
them
,
His
courage
.
he
did
so
sharply
taxe
their
Idolatries
,
and
Blasphemies
,
and
by
such
solid
arguments
confute
the
same
,
that
his
adversaries
were
silenced
,
and
had
not
wherewithall
to
reply
against
him
.
P.
RAMVS
The
Life
of
Peter
Ramus
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1572.
PEter
Ramus
was
born
in
France
Anno
Christi
1515.
His
Grandfather
was
a
Nobleman
,
His
Parentage
.
who
(
having
his
estate
plundered
by
Charls
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
Generall
under
the
Emperor
Charls
the
fifth
)
was
forced
to
leave
his
Country
,
and
to
betake
himselfe
to
the
poor
and
painfull
life
of
an
husbandman
:
And
his
father
being
left
very
poor
by
him
,
His
pain
.
was
fain
to
live
by
making
of
Charcoal
.
Ramus
being
from
his
childhood
of
an
excellent
wit
,
of
an
industrious
nature
,
and
much
addicted
to
learning
,
His
poverty
.
was
compelled
for
his
subsistence
to
live
as
a
servant
with
one
of
his
Unkles
;
but
finding
(
that
by
reason
of
his
many
imployments
)
he
had
no
time
to
follow
his
book
there
,
he
thought
it
better
to
betake
himselfe
to
the
service
of
some
learned
man
.
So
going
to
Paris
,
He
goes
to
Paris
.
and
being
admitted
into
the
Colledg
of
Navar
,
His
industry
.
he
laboured
hard
all
day
for
his
Masters
,
and
spent
a
great
part
of
the
night
in
study
,
so
that
in
a
short
time
he
was
made
Master
of
Arts
,
and
Laureat
Poet.
And
the
Professors
in
that
Colledge
every
one
taking
much
delight
in
his
diligence
,
each
strove
to
forward
him
in
Learning
,
and
lent
him
such
books
as
he
needed
.
Then
he
betook
himselfe
to
instructing
others
,
and
to
exercise
himselfe
in
private
Lectures
,
till
thereby
he
had
fitted
himselfe
for
more
publick
imployments
;
His
diligence
.
Which
when
he
had
done
,
he
was
appointed
publickly
to
read
Logick
,
and
when
he
was
twenty
one
years
old
,
His
imployments
.
he
published
his
Logick
,
with
some
Animadversions
upon
Aristotle
.
This
procured
him
much
love
,
every
one
admiring
such
ripe
parts
in
so
young
a
man
;
and
envy
being
the
usuall
Concomitant
of
vertue
,
he
had
also
many
that
envied
,
He
is
envied
.
and
aspersed
him
;
especially
the
S●rbone
Doctors
,
who
accused
him
of
Heresie
in
Philosophie
;
for
that
he
being
but
a
Novice
,
durst
take
upon
him
to
correct
Aristotle
,
the
Prince
of
Philosophers
;
and
by
their
authority
they
so
far
prevailed
,
He
is
forbidden
Philosophy
.
that
Ramus
was
forbidden
to
read
,
or
write
any
more
of
Philosophy
.
This
being
very
grievous
to
him
,
it
pleased
God
to
stir
up
the
heart
of
the
Governour
of
another
Colledge
to
send
for
him
to
assist
him
in
restoring
of
that
Colledge
,
which
was
now
empty
;
the
Students
being
all
fled
by
reason
of
the
infection
of
the
Plague
:
He
is
called
to
another
Colledge
.
And
it
came
to
pass
that
in
a
short
time
(
Ramus
being
so
famous
a
man
)
the
Colledge
was
better
stored
with
students
then
ever
it
had
been
before
.
The
S●rbonists
much
raged
at
this
,
and
laboured
to
sow
division
between
the
Governour
of
the
Colledge
and
him
;
Yet
Ramus
carried
himself
with
so
much
candor
and
ingenuity
that
they
lived
together
with
much
concord
.
At
last
that
Governour
dying
,
Ramus
succeeded
him
,
&
by
the
Cardinall
of
Lorrains
means
(
who
was
a
great
favourer
of
learning
)
he
was
made
the
Regius
Professor
of
Rhetorick
and
Philosophy
Anno
Christi
1551
,
He
is
preferred
in
the
University
.
and
of
his
age
36.
His
fame
spreading
into
all
the
Universities
of
Christendome
,
He
is
sought
for
by
other
Princes
.
there
were
may
Princes
that
strove
to
get
him
out
of
France
,
profering
him
large
stipends
if
hee
would
come
to
them
;
but
he
being
now
famous
in
France
,
preferred
his
own
Country
before
all
others
;
and
therefore
rejected
all
their
offers
.
Is
●ade
Dean
of
the
University
.
In
Paris
he
had
so
great
esteem
,
that
(
though
his
enemies
strongly
opposed
it
)
yet
he
was
made
Dean
of
the
whole
University
:
And
so
having
obtained
a
more
quiet
kind
of
life
,
hee
betooke
himselfe
to
the
studie
of
the
Mathematicks
,
wherein
he
grew
very
exquisite
.
But
when
the
Civill
Warrs
brake
forth
in
France
for
Religion
,
and
that
none
could
safely
enjoy
themselves
,
or
any
thing
that
they
had
,
whilst
under
pretence
of
Religion
,
every
one
revenged
his
own
private
quarrels
upon
others
,
Ramus
,
to
free
himself
from
this
tempest
,
left
Paris
,
Flight
in
persecution
.
and
went
to
Fountanblew
,
where
the
Kings
Library
was
,
yet
neither
there
could
he
be
in
safety
;
so
that
at
last
hee
was
compelled
to
betake
himselfe
to
the
Camp
of
the
Prince
of
Conde
:
He
goes
to
the
camp
of
Conde
▪
But
when
he
saw
that
France
was
no
fit
place
for
him
for
the
present
to
reside
in
,
hee
resolved
to
travell
into
Germany
,
till
God
should
restore
peace
to
his
Country
again
:
And
accordingly
he
went
to
Strasborough
,
Basil
,
He
travels
into
Germany
.
Lausanna
,
Zurick
,
Heidleberg
,
Norenberg
,
and
Augsburg
,
and
was
entertained
in
all
these
Universities
with
great
applause
,
and
with
much
joy
by
all
Learned
men
.
When
the
Civill
War
was
ended
in
France
,
he
returned
to
Paris
again
.
His
returne
to
Paris
.
Where
he
remained
in
his
former
imployment
,
as
the
Kings
Professor
in
Logick
,
till
that
horrible
Massacre
happened
on
St.
Bartholmews
day
,
Popish
cruelty
▪
wherein
so
many
thousands
perished
by
the
cruel
hands
of
bloody
Papists
.
At
which
time
he
was
in
the
Colledge
of
Priests
,
and
the
Colledge
gates
being
fast
shut
,
he
locked
himselfe
up
in
his
owne
house
till
those
furious
Papists
brake
open
his
doores
,
and
finding
him
,
He
is
murthered
.
ranne
him
thorow
,
and
being
half
dead
,
threw
him
out
of
his
window
,
And
basely
abused
.
so
that
his
bowels
issued
out
on
the
stones
;
and
not
being
satisfied
therewith
,
they
cut
off
his
head
,
dragged
his
body
about
the
streets
in
the
channels
,
and
some
young
Scholars
were
set
on
by
their
Popish
Tutors
to
whip
it
in
a
most
contemptuous
manner
,
and
at
last
it
was
thrown
into
the
River
of
Sein
,
Anno
Christi
1572
,
and
of
his
Age
57.
After
which
also
they
seized
upon
his
Goods
,
Library
,
and
Writings
▪
whereby
many
excellent
Commentaries
,
and
other
Works
(
not
fully
compleat
)
perished
,
to
the
great
loss
of
Learned
men
.
He
wrote
a
Grammer
,
His
Works
.
Rhetorick
,
Logick
,
of
Mathematicks
,
and
divers
other
excellent
Works
.
The
Life
of
Matthew
Parker
,
who
died
Anno
Christi
1574.
MAtthew
Parker
was
born
in
the
City
of
Norwich
,
Anno
Christi
1502
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
having
spent
some
years
at
School
,
went
to
Cambridge
,
where
he
was
admitted
into
Corpns
Christi
[
Bennet
]
Colledge
,
in
which
place
he
profited
so
much
,
that
he
was
chosen
Fellow
,
and
grew
so
famous
,
that
Queen
An●●
Bullen
(
Mother
to
Queen
Elizabeth
)
made
him
her
Chaplain
,
He
is
made
Chaplain
to
the
Queen
.
whereupon
he
Commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
:
And
after
her
death
King
Henry
the
eighth
,
And
to
two
Kings
.
and
after
his
death
,
King
Edward
the
sixth
,
made
him
their
Chaplains
,
And
Master
of
Bennet
Colledge
.
and
preferred
him
to
be
Master
of
Bennet
Colledge
:
Besides
other
Ecclesiasticall
dignities
which
they
advanced
him
to
:
But
in
Queen
Maries
daies
he
was
dispoyled
of
all
,
●is
sufferings
in
Queen
Maries
time
.
and
was
compelled
to
live
a
poor
and
private
life
.
He
is
made
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
.
But
so
soon
as
Queen
Elizabeth
came
to
the
Crown
,
shee
made
choice
of
this
Dr.
Parker
,
for
his
admirable
learning
and
piety
,
to
be
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
Anno
Christi
1559.
For
Decemb.
17
,
the
Dean
and
Chapter
of
the
Church
of
Canterbury
having
received
their
Congedelier
from
the
Queen
,
and
proceeding
in
their
election
according
to
the
ancient
and
laudible
custome
of
the
aforesaid
Church
,
chose
Dr.
Parker
for
their
Archbishop
,
whereof
they
made
a
returne
to
the
Queens
Majesty
for
her
confirmation
;
whereupon
the
Queen
sent
her
Letters
Patents
to
seven
Bishops
(
six
whereof
were
lately
returned
from
their
voluntary
exile
)
for
his
consecration
The
Bishops
were
Anthony
Bishop
of
Landaffe
,
The
Bishops
that
consecrate●
him
.
William
Barlow
Bishop
of
Bath
and
Wells
,
John
Scory
Bishop
of
H●reford
,
Miles
Coverdale
late
Bishop
of
Exet●r
,
John
Suffragan
of
Bedford
,
John
Suffragan
of
Thetford
,
and
John
Bale
Bishop
of
Os●ry
in
Ireland
,
and
accordingly
he
was
consecrated
by
them
,
and
lived
in
that
place
with
great
commendation
for
above
fifteene
years
.
His
Charity
.
His
works
of
Charity
were
very
eminent
.
He
gave
to
the
Corporation
of
Norwich
,
where
he
was
born
,
a
Bason
and
Ewr
double
gilt
weighing
173
ounces
;
as
also
fifty
shillings
a
yeare
for
ever
to
be
distributed
amongst
the
poore
of
that
City
:
And
six
anniversarie
Sermons
in
several
places
of
Norfolk
:
To
Bennet
Colledge
he
gave
thirty
Scholarships
,
built
them
a
Library
,
and
bestowed
many
excellent
bookes
,
and
ancient
Manuscripts
upon
it
,
besides
300
ounces
of
silver
and
gilt-plate
;
and
the
perpetual
Patronage
of
St.
Mary-Abchurch
,
London
.
Hee
carefully
collected
,
and
caused
to
be
printed
divers
ancient
Histories
of
England
,
which
probably
had
otherwise
been
lost
.
His
〈◊〉
▪
He
died
in
peace
Anno
Christi
1574
,
and
of
his
Age
72.
H.
BVLLINGER
The
Life
of
Henry
Bullinger
,
who
dyed
A●●
Christi
1575.
HEnry
Bullinger
was
born
at
Bremogart
in
H●lvetia
,
His
Birth
and
Parentage
.
Anno
Christi
1504
;
of
an
ancient
and
honourable
family
,
which
had
flourished
in
that
town
for
about
two
hundred
years
:
Twice
in
his
childhood
he
escaped
death
very
narrowly
:
First
being
sick
of
the
Plague
,
his
funerall
was
prepared
,
Gods
speciall
providence
over
him
.
yet
it
pleased
God
that
beyond
expectation
he
recovered
.
Secondly
,
playing
on
a
Pipe
,
as
hee
was
running
,
hee
fell
down
and
struck
the
Pipe
so
far
into
his
throat
that
hee
was
taken
up
for
dead
,
and
for
five
daies
could
eat
nothing
;
yet
the
Lord
againe
restored
him
.
His
education
.
His
Father
being
learned
himself
,
was
a
great
lover
of
it
,
and
therefore
very
careful
to
breed
up
this
his
son
in
learning
:
So
that
at
five
years
old
he
●et
him
to
School
in
that
place
where
he
was
born
,
and
this
young
boy
quickly
discovered
an
excellent
wit
;
but
his
Master
being
himself
but
a
weak
scholar
,
he
made
not
such
a
progresse
in
Learning
as
otherwise
hee
might
have
done
.
Hereupon
Anno
Christi
1516
,
He
is
sent
to
Embric
.
when
he
was
twelve
years
old
,
his
Father
sent
him
to
Embric
,
where
under
severall
Schoolmasters
,
he
was
instructed
in
Grammar
,
and
other
Elements
of
Learning
;
was
kept
under
a
strict
government
for
his
〈◊〉
,
and
was
trained
up
in
the
knowledge
and
feare
of
God
.
Thi●
strict
discipline
was
not
grievous
to
Bullinger
;
for
having
been
formerly
brought
up
by
his
Parents
religiously
,
and
being
endued
with
a
virtuous
disposition
,
he
did
those
things
willingly
,
His
disposition
.
which
others
were
forced
to
by
stripes
:
Yea
he
was
then
of
such
an
austere
car●iage
,
that
of
himself
he
beganne
to
entertaine
thoughts
of
entering
into
a
Monastery
of
the
Carthusians
,
which
of
all
others
was
accounted
the
strictest
Sect
,
yet
would
he
doe
nothing
rashly
therein
till
he
had
first
cousulted
with
his
parents
,
and
procured
their
consents
.
Having
thus
continued
three
years
at
Embric
,
He
goes
to
Collen
.
he
went
to
Collen
,
Anno
Christi
1519
,
being
but
slenderly
provided
for
by
his
Father
,
so
that
(
according
to
the
custome
of
those
times
)
he
procured
victuals
by
singing
,
and
begging
from
door
to
door
;
not
that
his
father
wanted
wherewith
to
supply
his
necessities
,
or
that
he
withheld
it
from
him
out
of
a
covetous
mind
,
but
he
did
it
that
he
might
enure
his
Son
to
patience
and
hardship
,
and
that
he
might
make
him
more
meercifull
●o
those
that
were
in
want
all
his
life
after
.
A●
Callen
he
studied
Logick
,
and
●ommen●ed
Batchelor
of
Arts
at
sixteen
years
old
.
He
commendeth
Batchelor
of
Arts.
Afterwards
betaking
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
▪
there
being
at
this
time
many
Theological
controversies
,
he
had
recourse
to
his
Tutors
for
direction
what
to
study
▪
and
Peter
Lombard
being
at
this
time
most
in
request
,
they
advised
him
to
the
study
thereof
▪
but
meeting
with
many
quotations
out
of
the
ancient
Fathers
,
He
studies
the
Schoolmen
.
he
thought
fit
to
read
the
Authors
themselves
:
And
the
Monastery
of
the
Frier
Predicants
having
a
good
Library
belonging
to
it
,
he
by
some
friends
gat
leave
to
make
use
of
it
,
And
Fathers
.
where
lighting
upon
Chrysostomes
Homilies
upon
Matthew
,
he
read
them
over
,
together
with
divers
parts
of
Augustine
,
Origen
,
and
Ambrose
;
and
in
the
meane
time
read
privately
at
home
,
Luther
,
De
captivitate
Babylonica
,
and
De
bonis
operibus
:
And
Luther
.
Yet
could
he
not
for
the
present
deliver
himself
from
the
errors
of
the
times
,
though
hee
saw
that
Luther
came
nearer
to
the
opinions
of
the
Antients
then
Lombard
did
:
Hee
observed
also
,
that
whereas
the
Schoolmen
quoted
the
Fathers
,
the
Fathers
they
quoted
the
Scriptures
.
His
conversion
.
Hereupon
he
betook
himself
to
the
reading
of
the
Scriptures
,
especially
of
the
New
Testament
,
with
St.
Hierom
,
and
some
other
Commentaries
upon
it
.
By
which
at
the
last
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
he
beganne
to
abhorre
the
Popish
Errors
,
laying
aside
his
former
thoughts
of
turning
Carthusian
,
&
diligently
applyed
himself
to
read
over
Melancthons
Common-places
,
wherewith
hee
was
wonderfully
delighted
.
Anno
Christi
1522
hee
Commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
●e
commen●eth
Mr.
of
Arts
▪
and
so
returning
home
lived
a
year
in
his
fathers
house
,
wholly
imploying
himself
in
his
studies
and
private
exercises
.
The
year
after
he
was
called
by
Wolfgang
Joner
,
Abbat
of
Capella
,
near
Zurick
,
to
teach
a
Schoole
,
where
hee
was
to
instruct
some
Friers
,
and
other
young
men
both
in
Divine
,
and
Humane
Learning
.
There
he
read
to
them
in
Dutch
,
by
reason
of
many
that
resorted
to
his
Lectures
,
His
paines
in
reading
Lectures
.
some
peeces
of
Erasmus
,
Melancthons
Common-places
,
and
a
great
part
of
the
New
Testament
,
and
some
other
Authors
;
and
so
hee
spent
six
years
,
partly
in
his
private
studies
,
and
partly
in
instructing
others
.
Anno
Christi
1527
,
hee
was
sent
by
his
Abbat
to
Zurick
,
where
for
five
moneths
space
he
heard
Zuinglius
preaching
,
and
reading
his
Lectures
in
the
Schools
;
and
by
the
help
of
Pellican
,
he
began
to
study
Hebrew
,
and
to
perfect
his
knowledge
in
the
Greek
:
There
also
he
gained
acquaintance
with
sundry
Learned
men
,
He
studies
the
Tongues
.
and
wrote
many
things
,
some
whereof
were
afterwards
printed
.
He
also
by
his
preaching
at
the
Monastery
of
Capella
,
Reformation
in
the
Monastery
.
so
far
prevailed
with
the
Abbat
and
Friers
,
that
the
Masse
and
other
Superstitions
were
cast
out
,
and
the
Lords
Supper
truly
administred
,
and
such
Friers
as
were
unfit
for
the
Ministry
,
betooke
themselves
to
other
trades
.
Anno
Christi
1528
,
He
went
with
Zuinglius
to
the
Disputation
at
Bern.
Anno
Christi
1529
he
was
called
to
his
native
place
of
Bremogart
,
Power
of
the
Word
.
where
God
so
prospered
his
Ministry
,
that
presently
after
his
comming
,
the
Magistrates
banished
Popery
,
and
set
out
a
severe
Decree
against
Adultery
and
Drunkennesse
;
and
being
chosen
Pastor
of
that
place
,
he
preached
every
Sabbath
in
the
afternoon
,
and
the
three
daies
following
in
the
morning
:
Besides
every
day
at
the
time
of
Evening
prayers
,
hee
expounded
a
part
of
the
New
Testament
.
But
the
Divell
raised
up
some
Anabaptists
which
disturbed
the
peace
of
that
Church
:
Anabaptists
.
With
these
Bullinger
disputed
publickly
,
and
thereby
in
a
great
measure
restrained
them
.
He
wrote
also
in
the
defence
of
Tythes
,
Tithes
defended
.
which
as
those
Anabaptists
,
said
should
be
abolished
under
the
New
Testament
.
And
when
afterwards
the
number
of
Anabaptists
did
exceedingly
increase
in
Germany
,
he
set
forth
6
books
against
●hem
,
wherein
he
shewed
the
originall
,
He
confutes
the
Anabaptists
.
progress
,
the
various
Sects
,
and
the
chiefe
opinions
of
the
Anabaptists
,
which
also
hee
confuted
.
Anno
Christi
1529
,
there
arose
great
commotions
in
Helvetia
,
and
the
Bernates
sent
some
souldiers
to
Bremogart
;
and
for
the
composing
of
the
differences
,
there
was
a
meeting
of
the
chiefest
persons
at
Bremogart
,
where
Bullinger
preached
,
at
whose
Sermons
,
not
only
the
Protestants
,
but
many
of
the
Papists
were
present
to
hear
what
,
and
how
he
taught
:
And
indeed
both
sides
commended
his
study
of
Peace
:
His
endeavours
for
peace
.
For
he
exhorted
them
to
compose
their
differences
not
by
arms
,
nor
mutuall
slaughters
▪
but
by
the
Disputations
of
their
Divines
.
But
God
would
not
suffer
his
wholsome
counsell
to
take
effect
at
that
time
:
For
they
came
to
a
battell
,
wherein
the
Popish
party
prevailed
,
He
is
banished
.
and
thereupon
Bullinger
,
together
with
his
Father
,
Brother
,
and
Colleague
Gervase
,
were
commanded
to
depart
,
except
they
would
undergoe
the
present
hazard
of
their
lives
.
Whereupon
beginning
their
journey
in
the
night
,
through
Gods
providence
,
they
escaped
the
snares
which
were
layd
for
them
by
their
adversaries
,
and
came
safely
to
Zurick
,
Anno
Chr●●
1531
,
He
comes
to
Zurick
.
and
three
daies
after
▪
at
the
request
of
Leo
Judae
with
his
Colleagues
,
Bullinger
preached
in
the
chiefe
Church
,
and
was
entertained
by
one
Werner
Steiner
,
his
ancient
friend
,
that
was
fled
to
Zurick
for
Religion
.
Anno
Christi
1532.
He
is
chosen
Pastor
.
The
Church
of
Basill
wanting
a
Pastor
by
the
death
of
Oecolampadius
,
desired
Bullinger
,
and
at
the
same
time
also
the
Bernates
sent
for
him
thither
:
But
the
Senate
of
Zurick
would
by
no
means
part
with
him
,
choosing
him
Pastor
in
the
room
of
Zuinglius
,
who
was
slaine
in
the
late
battell
,
Preachers
pattern
.
and
who
had
desired
before
he
went
into
the
field
with
the
Army
,
that
if
any
thing
befell
him
otherwise
then
well
Bullinger
might
succeed
him
in
his
office
.
He
being
thus
called
to
this
work
in
a
dangerous
time
,
did
his
endeavour
to
comfort
,
and
rais
up
the
hearts
of
Gods
people
under
those
great
afflictions
.
And
whereas
the
Popish
adversaries
boasted
that
their
Religion
was
false
,
because
they
of
Zurick
were
beaten
,
and
Zuinglius
slain
:
He
wrote
,
That
the
Truth
of
Religion
was
not
to
be
judged
by
the
prosperity
or
adversitie
of
the
Professors
of
it
.
Synods
preserve
peace
.
He
took
care
also
to
have
Synods
twice
a
year
,
to
maintain
concord
,
and
unity
in
Doctrine
and
Discipline
,
as
Zuinglius
had
begun
before
him
:
And
finding
a
great
defect
of
Godly
Ministers
in
the
jurisdiction
of
the
Tigurins
,
he
tooke
care
that
so
many
should
bee
trained
up
in
Religion
and
Learning
as
might
supply
that
defect
;
and
where
there
was
a
want
of
maintainance
,
he
prevailed
with
the
Senate
of
Zurick
to
make
up
a
competency
out
of
the
Publick
Treasury
.
He
caused
the
Publick
Library
of
that
City
to
be
set
in
order
by
Pellican
,
and
by
buying
Zuinglius
his
books
,
to
be
encreased
.
And
having
gotten
Bibliander
for
his
Colleague
,
he
wholly
applyed
himself
to
his
publick
Ministry
,
and
to
writing
Commentaries
at
home
.
Anno
Christi
1532
,
Bucer
endeavoured
a
union
between
Luther
and
his
followers
,
and
the
Divines
of
Zurick
;
perswading
them
that
their
differences
consisted
rather
in
words
then
in
reality
:
At
which
time
the
Tigurins
shewed
themselves
to
bee
desirous
of
peace
,
so
that
it
was
joyned
wi●h
truth
.
About
this
time
Bullingers
Father
died
,
being
64
years
old
,
who
at
his
death
exhorted
his
sonne
to
Constancy
in
Doctrine
and
Faith
,
which
(
saith
he
)
is
the
onely
way
to
salvation
.
Anno
Christi
1534
Bullinger
wrote
a
Confession
of
Faith
in
the
name
of
the
Tigurian
Churches
,
He
writes
a
Confession
of
Faith
.
which
was
sent
to
Bucer
,
and
to
the
Synod
of
the
Churches
of
Suevia
,
then
met
at
Constance
,
and
was
approved
by
them
.
About
the
same
time
he
wrote
a
Tractate
of
the
Covenant
of
God
,
against
some
that
denied
all
testimonies
out
of
the
Old
Testament
.
He
confu●es
Hereticks
.
As
also
another
,
wherein
he
asserted
the
twofold
Nature
in
Christ
against
Claudius
Allobrog
,
Servetus
his
Emissary
,
of
whose
poyson
the
Helvetian
Churches
were
at
that
time
in
some
danger
.
And
when
there
was
a
meeting
at
Basil
for
to
unite
Luther
and
the
Helvetian
Churches
in
their
difference
about
the
manner
of
Christs
Presence
in
the
Sacrament
,
Bullinger
was
there
,
and
took
much
pains
for
the
promoting
of
it
.
The
Magistrates
also
of
Zurick
,
by
the
perswasion
of
Bullinger
,
A
Colledge
erected
.
erected
a
new
Colledge
,
Anno
Christi
1538
,
which
hee
had
a
great
care
of
all
his
life
after
.
Also
by
his
perswasion
the
Senate
of
Zurick
erected
another
School
in
a
place
where
formerly
there
had
been
a
Nunnery
,
A
School
erected
.
in
which
fifteen
youths
were
trained
up
under
a
good
Master
,
having
food
,
raiment
,
books
,
and
all
other
necessaries
plentifully
provided
for
them
;
and
Bullinger
took
great
care
to
see
their
proficiency
all
his
life
after
.
About
this
time
Schwenfield
,
Schwenfield's
Error
.
a
Noble
man
of
Silesia
,
taught
,
That
Christ's
Humane
nature
being
received
into
Heaven
,
was
so
farre
Deified
,
that
it
remained
a
creature
no
longer
,
and
this
error
beginning
to
spread
into
Swevia
,
Confuted
by
Bullinger
.
Bullinger
,
joining
with
some
others
,
confuted
it
with
much
modesty
.
Anno
Christi
1541
the
Plague
brake
forth
in
Zurick
,
A
Plague
.
of
which
Bullingers
Son
,
and
Mother
died
.
Anno
Christi
1542
Leo
Judae's
Version
of
the
Bible
being
finished
,
and
printed
;
the
Printer
sent
one
of
them
to
Luther
fair
bound
up
,
but
Luther
wrote
back
to
him
that
hee
should
send
him
no
more
of
the
Tigurine
Ministers
bookes
;
Luthers
violence
.
for
hee
would
have
nothing
to
doe
with
them
,
nor
read
any
of
their
bookes
:
For
(
said
he
)
The
Church
of
God
can
hold
no
communion
with
them
;
and
whereas
they
have
taken
much
pains
,
all
is
in
vain
;
for
themselves
are
damned
,
and
they
lead
many
miserable
men
to
hell
with
them
.
Adding
that
he
would
have
no
communion
with
their
damnable
and
blasphemous
Doctrine
,
and
that
so
long
as
he
lived
hee
would
with
his
prayers
and
books
oppose
them
.
Anno
Christi
1544
,
Luther
set
forth
his
Annotations
on
Genesis
,
in
which
he
inveighed
bitterly
against
the
Sacramentarians
(
as
he
called
them
)
saying
,
That
Zuinglius
,
Oecolampadius
,
and
their
disciples
were
Hereticks
,
and
eternally
damned
Melancthon
would
fain
have
hindered
it
,
but
could
not
,
whereupon
he
wrote
to
Bullinger
,
telling
him
how
much
hee
was
grieved
at
this
violent
proceeding
of
Luther
,
Melancthon
grieved
for
it
.
which
he
knew
was
so
pleasing
to
their
common
adversaries
the
Papists
.
When
this
book
of
Luthers
came
forth
,
there
was
much
dispute
whether
it
should
be
answered
:
Bucer
was
against
it
,
because
Luther
was
grown
old
,
and
had
deserved
well
of
the
Church
;
but
others
thought
that
it
would
bee
a
betraying
of
the
Truth
not
to
answer
it
:
Wherefore
Bullinger
was
appointed
to
that
work
,
Bullinger
answereth
Luther
which
he
accordingly
performed
with
much
judgement
.
Anno
Christi
1546
Luther
dyed
,
and
the
German
Warre
beganne
betwixt
the
Emperour
and
the
Protestants
;
at
which
time
many
accused
the
Tigurines
by
reason
of
Bullingers
book
,
as
if
they
had
insulted
over
Luther
after
his
death
,
and
gloryed
that
he
dyed
of
grief
because
he
could
not
answer
that
book
.
Hereupon
Philip
,
Lantgrave
of
Hesse
,
acquainted
Bullinger
with
these
reports
;
which
when
Bullinger
had
read
,
advising
with
his
Colleagues
,
he
returned
this
answer
.
First
giving
him
thanks
for
his
zeale
in
endeavouring
the
peace
of
the
Church
,
His
defence
of
the
Tigurines
.
and
for
acquainting
him
with
these
rumours
;
Then
he
told
him
how
much
he
was
grieved
for
that
some
turbulent
spirits
sought
by
such
reports
to
bring
an
odium
upon
the
Helvetians
,
and
to
alienate
the
Princes
affections
from
them
:
Whereas
(
saith
he
)
it
is
not
the
manner
of
the
Helvetian
Divines
to
reproach
any
,
either
in
their
Sermons
or
Lectures
,
much
lesse
Luther
,
who
had
deserved
so
well
of
the
Church
:
And
although
Luther
in
the
controversie
about
the
Sacrament
had
used
much
reproachfull
language
against
them
,
yet
they
never
made
mention
of
him
but
with
honour
.
Whereas
they
were
certainly
informed
that
many
of
the
Saxon
Ministers
used
divers
reproachfull
speeches
against
them
,
calling
them
Sacramentarians
,
Image
haters
,
blasphemers
,
&c.
Yea
that
in
his
own
University
of
Marpurg
,
Theobald
Thammer
in
his
publick
Lectures
had
greatly
aspersed
them
;
wherefore
he
earnestly
requested
him
to
consider
their
innocency
,
and
to
enjoyn
silence
to
such
intemperate
spirits
,
&c.
For
(
saith
he
)
we
cannot
with
Luther
confesse
the
bread
to
bee
the
naturall
body
of
Christ
,
and
that
Judas
,
and
other
wicked
men
received
his
body
as
well
as
Peter
and
the
Saints
,
which
are
Luthers
owne
words
.
Yet
are
we
ready
to
preserve
peace
,
so
that
it
be
not
urged
upon
us
to
yeeld
to
those
things
which
neither
our selves
can
understand
,
nor
can
wee
teach
them
to
others
,
In
all
other
things
you
shall
finde
us
as
peaceable
men
,
ready
to
give
an
account
of
our
Faith
,
whensoever
it
shall
be
required
of
us
.
The
Lantgrave
was
well
satisfied
with
this
answer
,
bearing
a
great
love
to
the
Helvetians
,
and
to
Bullinger
in
particular
,
to
whom
(
after
the
Warre
was
begunne
)
hee
often
wrote
out
of
his
Camp
,
desiring
also
the
Protestant
Cantons
to
send
some
Auxiliaries
to
them
.
But
upon
serious
deliberation
they
denied
this
request
:
For
(
say
they
)
if
we
shall
send
you
aid
,
Why
the
Helvetians
refused
to
assist
the
Protestants
.
the
Popish
Cantons
will
also
aide
the
Emperour
,
which
hitherto
(
moved
by
our
example
)
they
have
refused
,
though
they
have
been
earnestly
;
solicited
both
by
the
Pope
and
Emperour
thereto
.
In
the
mean
time
our
Ministers
cease
not
daily
to
pray
for
the
peace
of
Germany
,
and
we
have
had
publick
Fasts
for
that
end
.
The
same
yeare
came
John
Hooper
(
afterwards
Bishop
of
Gloucester
)
to
Zurick
,
Mr.
Hooper
lives
with
him
.
and
lived
familiarly
with
Bullinger
,
by
whom
he
was
informed
of
their
opinion
about
the
Sacrament
,
and
fully
concurred
with
them
.
Anno
Christi
1548
came
forth
that
accursed
Interim
,
tending
to
the
overthrow
of
true
Religion
,
The
Interim
.
which
Calvin
and
Bucer
answered
,
though
the
Printer
for
fear
of
the
Emperour
durst
not
publish
it
:
And
the
bitter
fruit
which
followed
it
,
was
the
expulsion
of
many
Ministers
out
of
their
places
,
divers
of
which
resorted
to
Zurick
,
and
were
kindly
entertained
by
bullinger
,
and
his
Colleagues
,
and
commended
to
divers
Protestant
Cities
in
Helvetia
,
though
they
knew
that
formerly
they
had
been
very
violent
against
them
.
And
indeed
after
their
returne
into
their
own
Countries
(
forgetting
their
courtesies
)
they
proved
so
again
.
Bullingers
.
curtesie
.
Ingratitude
.
Anno
Christi
,
1549.
Calvin
being
suspected
too
much
to
favour
Consubstantiation
,
associating
to
him
Master
Farel
of
Neocom
,
came
to
Zurick
,
where
he
conferred
with
Bullinger
,
and
the
other
Ministers
about
that
question
,
and
there
was
a
sweet
agreement
amongst
them
:
which
also
was
published
by
Calvin
and
Bullinger
,
and
subscribed
by
all
the
Helvetian
and
Rhetian
Ministers
:
By
which
act
the
Churches
of
Christ
were
more
strictly
united
,
many
that
were
doubtfull
were
confirmed
in
the
truth
:
and
the
adversaries
took
occasion
from
hence
to
write
more
bitterly
against
them
.
Calvin
concurs
with
the
Helvetian
Divines
.
Francis
King
of
France
being
dead
,
and
Henry
succeeding
,
he
sent
to
the
Helvetians
to
renew
his
league
with
them
:
But
Bullinger
who
was
in
great
authority
amongst
them
;
did
altogether
disswade
the
Tigurines
from
it
;
teaching
them
that
it
was
neither
just
nor
lawfull
for
a
man
to
suffer
himselfe
to
be
hired
to
shed
another
mans
blood
,
who
usually
was
innocent
,
and
from
whom
himselfe
had
never
received
any
injury
,
&c.
And
hereupon
the
Tigurines
resolved
to
abstaine
from
such
Leagues
.
Hee
withdraws
them
from
being
mercenaries
.
Anno
Christi
,
1550
,
Bullinger
published
his
Decades
Sermonum
,
some
of
which
he
dedicated
to
King
Edward
the
sixth
,
and
a
reformation
being
now
begun
in
England
,
he
wrote
upon
that
occasion
to
many
of
our
Nobility
,
Bishops
and
Ministers
of
our
Church
.
He
encourageth
the
Reformation
in
England
.
Anno
Christi
1551
,
the
Helvetians
were
summoned
by
a
Bull
from
the
Pope
to
appear
at
the
Councill
of
Trent
,
by
sending
their
Ministers
thither
,
&c.
Hereupon
Master
Bullinger
consulting
with
his
Fellow-Ministers
,
published
a
book
,
wherein
he
declared
,
that
the
Councill
of
Trent
was
gathered
for
the
suppressing
of
the
truth
,
and
that
the
Helvetians
owed
no
subjection
to
the
Pope
,
from
under
whose
yoak
they
had
long
since
withdrawn
their
necks
.
He
writes
against
the
Council
of
Trent
.
About
this
time
there
sprange
up
a
contention
in
the
Church
of
Geneva
,
by
reason
of
one
Hierome
Bolsecus
,
a
Physician
,
who
publickly
opposed
the
Doctrine
of
Master
Calvin
about
Election
,
and
boasted
that
divers
other
Ministers
,
and
particularly
Master
Bullinger
was
of
his
opinion
.
Calvin
answered
him
,
confuting
his
error
by
testimonies
of
Scripture
,
and
out
of
Saint
Augustine
;
but
when
he
would
not
be
satisfied
,
the
Senate
and
brethren
of
Geneva
sent
to
Zurick
to
ask
their
judgements
,
whereupon
Bullinger
with
his
brethren
did
so
declare
themselves
,
that
all
might
see
that
they
which
made
Election
depend
upon
faith
foreseen
,
and
faith
upon
mans
free-will
,
as
much
as
upon
the
Divine
inspiration
,
did
maliciously
abuse
the
Tigurine
Ministers
,
&c.
And
indeed
there
was
a
sweet
Harmony
between
Calvin
,
Bullinger
and
Peter
Martyr
about
this
point
.
He
disclaimes
Bolsecus
.
Anno
Christi
1552
,
the
war
waxing
hot
in
Germany
,
and
Zurick
being
afflicted
with
a
Famine
,
Bullinger
wrote
much
for
the
comforting
the
afflicted
,
and
to
stir
them
up
to
unfained
repentance
for
their
fins
,
whereby
they
had
provoked
God
against
them
.
His
holy
zeal
.
Anno
Christi
1554.
a
persecution
being
raised
by
Queen
Mary
in
England
,
many
Nobles
,
and
famously
learned
men
fled
into
Germany
,
and
came
to
Zurick
,
where
they
erected
a
Colledg
,
and
were
by
Master
Bullinger
much
holpen
therein
.
He
favours
the
English
exil●s
.
In
the
following
years
,
viz.
1556
,
1557
,
and
1558.
Bullinger
had
divers
conflicts
with
Westphalus
,
Heshusius
and
others
.
About
which
time
the
League
amongst
the
Helvetians
being
to
be
renued
,
the
Popish
Pages
would
have
the
oath
to
be
,
By
God
,
and
by
all
his
Saints
,
which
the
Protestant
Pages
refused
,
and
(
though
some
Politick
men
pleaded
for
the
lawfulnesse
of
it
,
or
at
least
that
there
should
be
no
contention
about
so
small
a
matter
)
Bullinger
with
his
Colleagues
shewed
,
that
an
oath
being
part
of
Gods
worship
,
was
onely
to
be
made
in
the
name
of
the
true
God
,
who
alone
was
to
be
called
upon
,
and
that
all
appearance
of
false
worship
was
to
be
avoided
.
His
zeal
.
Anno
Christi
1560
,
there
arose
up
one
Francis
Stancarus
,
who
taught
,
That
Christ
was
Mediator
onely
according
to
his
humane
nature
:
Him
,
with
some
other
such
Hereticks
,
Calvin
and
Bullinger
confuted
;
as
also
Blandrata
,
who
taught
,
That
Christ
our
Saviour
was
a
meer
man
;
and
Bernard
Ochin
,
who
held
Polygamie
lawfull
.
Anno
Christi
1561.
Blandrata
being
gone
into
Polonia
,
began
to
discover
himself
more
clearly
,
and
to
accuse
Bullinger
,
and
Calvin
;
whereupon
Nicholas
Radzivil
,
Palatine
of
Vilna
,
sent
Martin
Secovitius
with
his
Letters
to
Bullinger
about
Blandrata's
business
;
to
which
Bullinger
answered
,
that
when
Blandrata
came
to
Zurick
,
he
onely
spake
once
with
him
,
yet
at
that
time
he
easily
discerned
that
he
was
corrupt
in
his
judgement
about
the
Son
of
God
;
as
also
that
he
threatned
to
write
against
Calvin
:
whereunto
he
answered
,
That
there
were
contentions
already
too
many
in
the
Church
,
which
if
he
increased
,
God
would
be
avenged
on
him
for
it
:
Yet
he
departed
cursing
and
threatning
grievous
things
.
That
such
men
should
be
taken
heed
of
,
who
laboured
to
revive
Arianisme
and
other
Heresies
,
and
cunningly
to
sow
them
abroad
.
Blandrata's
Heresies
.
Calvin
also
wrote
the
History
of
Blandrata
,
and
sent
it
to
the
Polonian
Church
,
but
his
hypocrisie
had
so
far
prevailed
with
them
,
that
it
did
no
good
:
but
afterward
both
in
Poland
and
Transilvania
he
taught
openly
,
That
Christ
our
Saviour
was
a
meer
man
.
The
infection
of
heresie
.
About
the
same
time
came
forth
Brentius
his
book
about
the
personall
union
of
two
natures
in
Christ
,
&c.
wherein
he
laboured
to
prove
the
substantiall
presence
of
Christs
body
in
the
Supper
.
And
whereas
Bullinger
had
published
a
Tractat
upon
those
words
,
In
my
Fathers
house
are
many
mansions
,
Brentius
published
another
Book
,
wherein
he
manifested
his
dislike
of
Bullingers
book
,
saying
,
That
his
conscience
urged
him
to
declare
it
.
This
many
marveiled
at
,
that
he
should
quarrell
with
Bullinger
,
being
not
provoked
by
him
.
Bullinger
least
he
should
betray
the
truth
answered
him
,
and
Brentius
again
replyed
,
charging
the
Tigurines
with
debasing
the
Majesty
of
Christ
,
and
denying
the
omnipotency
of
God
.
Brentius
contest
with
Bullinger
.
Anno
1562.
the
Helvetians
Ministers
were
again
summoned
to
the
Councill
of
Trent
,
having
the
publick
faith
sent
them
;
but
Bullinger
againe
wrote
the
reasons
of
their
refusall
.
Helvetiansagaine
summoned
to
Trent
.
Anno
Christi
1563
Bullinger
answered
the
book
of
Brentius
de
Christi
Majestate
.
About
which
time
Ber.
Ochin
was
banished
by
the
Senat
of
Zurick
,
for
writing
in
defence
of
Polygamy
,
contrary
to
his
promise
,
and
oath
,
and
refusing
to
retract
it
.
Before
his
departure
he
desired
Master
Bull.
to
give
him
Letters
testimoniall
,
which
he
told
him
that
he
could
not
doe
with
a
safe
conscience
,
Ochines
errors
and
heresies
.
yet
was
grieved
for
him
,
and
his
children
.
From
thence
Ochin
went
to
Basil
,
but
finding
no
entertainment
there
,
he
went
into
Poland
,
where
he
publickly
denyed
the
Deity
of
the
Holy-Ghost
;
but
not
staying
long
there
,
he
went
into
Moravia
,
where
he
joyned
himself
to
the
Conventicles
of
the
Anabaptists
,
and
shortly
after
dyed
.
And
death
.
Anno
Christi
1564.
A
great
plague
brake
out
in
Zurick
,
A
plague
.
Bullingers
sicknesse
.
of
which
Bullinger
fell
so
sick
that
all
despaired
of
his
life
,
and
himself
also
;
whereupon
he
sent
for
the
Ministers
of
the
Church
,
Power
of
prayer
.
and
took
his
leave
of
them
:
But
it
pleased
God
at
the
earnest
prayers
of
the
Church
,
to
restore
him
to
health
againe
;
yet
his
wife
and
one
of
his
daughters
dyed
of
it
.
And
the
year
after
(
the
plague
continuing
)
two
other
of
his
daughters
dyed
also
,
Manisold
afflictions
.
and
himselfe
began
to
be
exceedingly
tormented
with
the
stone
,
yet
did
not
he
intermit
his
labours
,
but
preached
constantly
,
and
finished
his
Homilies
upon
Daniel
.
Anno
Christi
1566.
when
some
turbulent
spirits
published
that
the
Helvetian
Churches
were
divided
amongst
themselves
,
and
held
many
unfound
doctrines
,
Bullinger
published
.
Confession
of
Faith
,
which
was
consented
to
,
and
subscribed
by
the
Church
of
Geneva
,
Berne
,
Scaphusen
,
Neocom
,
St.
Galli
,
Mulhusen
,
and
Bipennium
,
attested
by
the
English
,
Scottish
and
French
Churches
,
the
Hungarian
brethren
also
detesting
and
disclaiming
the
blasphemies
of
Blandrata
and
of
Francis
David
,
published
their
assent
to
it
.
A
confession
of
Faith
.
Anno
Christi
1567.
Bullinger
published
his
Homilies
upon
Isay
,
and
the
year
after
he
confuted
Osius
,
who
denyed
the
deity
of
Christ
,
and
the
Holy
Ghost
.
Anno
Christi
1569
,
a
great
persecution
arising
in
France
,
Persecution
in
France
.
many
godly
persons
fled
to
Geneva
and
Helvetia
,
who
being
in
great
want
,
His
Charity
.
His
pains
.
Bullinger
took
much
paines
to
raise
money
by
collections
for
them
.
He
was
much
troubled
with
the
Sciatica
,
and
the
Stone
;
yet
in
the
midst
of
those
pains
he
wrote
the
Lives
of
the
Popes
,
and
a
confutation
of
the
Popes
Bull
,
whereby
he
had
excommunicated
our
Queen
Elizabeth
,
and
absolved
her
subjects
from
the
oath
of
Allegiance
;
which
was
afterwards
translated
into
English
.
Anno
Chr.
1570
there
was
a
Synod
of
the
French
Churches
held
at
Rochel
,
to
which
because
the
Helvetians
could
not
send
Delegates
,
they
wrote
Letters
,
signifying
their
agreement
with
them
in
Doctrine
,
and
their
good
will
to
them
.
Anno
Christi
1571
,
A
dearth
.
by
reason
of
the
extreame
hard
winter
,
there
was
a
very
great
dearth
,
in
which
Bullinger
,
and
the
other
Ministers
obtained
of
the
Senate
that
there
should
bee
frequent
Fasting
,
Fasting
and
Prayers
.
and
Prayer
in
publick
,
and
that
provision
should
bee
made
for
the
Poor
,
which
was
done
accordingly
.
Anno
Christi
1572
was
that
bloody
Massacre
at
Paris
,
The
Massacre
in
France
.
1573.
and
in
other
places
of
France
;
whereupon
Bullinger
the
year
after
wrote
his
book
of
Persecution
,
and
God's
judgements
upon
the
Persecutors
,
A
new
Statre
.
and
to
exhort
the
persecuted
to
patience
,
and
constancie
.
That
new
Starre
also
in
Cassiopeia
appeared
at
that
time
.
Anno
Christi
1574
Bullinger
fell
into
a
grievous
disease
which
much
tormented
him
from
October
to
December
,
His
sicknesse
.
at
which
time
it
pleased
God
to
give
him
ease
;
whereupon
he
exercised
his
publick
Ministry
again
.
1574
The
year
after
he
relapsed
into
his
disease
,
and
though
the
pain
was
almost
intolerable
,
He
patience
.
yet
he
never
brake
forth
either
in
word
or
gesture
into
the
least
impatience
,
but
prayed
the
more
fervently
;
and
when
he
had
any
ease
,
he
used
to
discourse
pleasantly
with
his
friends
,
saying
,
Death
desired
.
If
the
Lord
will
make
any
further
use
of
me
and
my
Ministry
in
his
Church
,
I
will
willingly
obey
him
;
●t
if
he
please
(
as
I
much
desire
)
to
take
me
out
of
this
miserble
life
,
His
Faith
.
I
shall
exceedingly
rejoyce
,
that
he
pleases
to
take
meut
of
this
wretched
and
corrupt
age
to
goe
to
my
Saviour
Chri.
Socraters
was
glad
when
his
death
approached
,
because
,
as
he
thought
,
he
should
goe
to
Homer
,
Hesiod
,
and
other
Learned
men
,
Why
he
desired
death
.
whom
he
thought
he
should
meet
with
in
the
other
world
:
How
much
more
doe
I
joy
who
am
sure
that
I
shall
see
my
Saviour
Christ
,
the
Saints
,
Patriarks
,
Prophets
,
Apostles
,
and
all
the
holy
men
which
have
lived
from
the
beginning
of
the
world
.
These
(
I
say
)
when
I
am
sure
to
see
them
,
and
to
partake
of
their
joyes
,
why
should
I
not
willingly
dye
,
to
enjoy
their
perpetual
society
and
glory
?
When
he
found
some
ease
,
He
taketh
his
farewel
of
the
Ministers
.
he
sent
for
all
the
Ministers
and
Professors
of
the
Universitie
to
him
into
his
study
,
to
whom
he
gave
thanks
for
their
coming
to
him
,
took
his
farewell
of
them
with
tears
,
which
he
said
proceeded
not
from
his
fear
of
death
,
but
(
as
Paul's
)
from
his
great
love
to
them
.
Hee
made
before
them
a
Confession
of
his
Faith
,
forgave
his
enemies
,
exhorted
them
to
concord
;
admonished
them
especially
to
take
heed
of
Drunkennesse
,
which
was
so
common
amongst
the
Germans
;
and
lastly
that
they
should
be
very
observant
to
the
Senate
,
which
had
so
excellently
maintained
Religion
.
And
of
the
Magistrates
.
He
wrote
also
his
fare
well
to
the
Magistrates
,
exhorting
them
to
continue
their
care
of
the
Church
,
and
Schooles
;
thanked
them
for
their
kindnesse
to
him
,
and
entreated
them
to
chuse
Ralph
Gualter
to
be
his
successor
.
The
day
of
his
death
he
continued
in
prayer
,
repeating
the
one
and
fiftieth
,
the
sixteenth
,
and
the
forty
second
Psalms
,
and
the
Lords
Prayer
;
and
so
gave
up
his
soul
unto
God
,
His
death
.
An.
Chr.
1575
,
and
of
his
Age
71.
He
was
one
of
the
chiefest
of
the
Helvetian
Divines
,
His
Character
.
and
after
Zuinglius
,
and
Oecolampadius
,
a
strong
assertor
of
their
Confession
of
Faith
,
Of
a
mild
nature
;
clear
in
his
Ministry
,
and
one
that
hated
crabbed
and
unprofitable
questions
,
which
many
delighted
in
to
shew
their
wit
;
affable
in
speech
,
courteous
of
behaviour
both
towards
his
own
and
strangers
.
An
excellent
Governour
of
the
Church
;
frugall
and
tem●rate
in
his
diet
;
merry
and
pleasant
with
those
that
lived
w●●h
him
.
He
was
so
industrious
,
that
he
would
never
be
idle
He
had
one
Wife
,
by
whom
he
had
six
sonnes
and
five
daughters
,
of
whom
he
married
one
to
Zuinglius
,
another
to
Lavate
,
and
a
third
to
Simler
,
all
Ministers
in
Zurick
.
He
wrote
Commentaries
upon
all
the
New
Testament
:
His
Workes
are
contained
in
tenne
Tomes
;
besides
which
hee
wrote
Contra
Anabaptistas
lib.
4.
De
annuis
Reditibus
.
De
Hebdomadibus
Danielis
:
De
Sacramentis
.
The
Life
of
Edward
Deering
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1576.
EDward
Deering
was
borne
of
a
very
ancient
Family
in
Kent
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
carefully
brought
up
both
in
Religion
,
and
Learning
.
From
School
he
went
to
Cambridge
,
and
was
admitted
into
Christs
Colledge
,
where
he
profited
exceedingly
,
and
became
a
very
famous
Preacher
,
as
may
appear
by
his
most
learned
,
and
holy
Sermons
,
and
Tractates
full
of
heavenly
consolation
:
His
humility
.
He
never
affected
,
nor
sought
after
great
titles
,
or
preferments
,
and
therefore
rested
content
with
his
Fellowship
in
that
Colledge
;
and
onely
Commenced
Batchelor
of
Divinity
;
yet
afterwards
hee
was
made
a
Preacher
in
Saint
Paul's
Church
in
London
;
and
having
worn
out
himself
with
his
labours
in
the
Work
of
the
Lord
,
His
sicknesse
.
hee
fell
sick
,
and
discerning
his
approaching
death
,
hee
said
,
in
the
presence
of
his
friends
that
came
to
visit
him
,
His
●●eech
in
his
〈◊〉
.
The
good
Lord
pardon
my
great
negligence
,
that
(
whilst
I
had
time
)
I
used
not
his
precious
gifts
to
the
advancement
of
his
glory
as
I
might
have
done
:
Yet
I
blesse
God
withall
,
that
I
have
not
abused
these
gifts
to
ambition
and
vain
studies
:
When
I
am
once
dead
,
my
enemies
shall
be
reconciled
to
me
,
except
they
be
such
as
either
knew
me
not
,
or
have
no
sence
of
goodnesse
in
them
;
for
I
have
faithfully
,
and
with
a
good
conscience
served
the
Lord
my
God
.
A
Minister
standing
by
,
said
unto
him
,
It
's
a
great
happinesse
to
you
that
you
die
in
peace
,
and
thereby
are
freed
from
those
troubles
which
many
of
your
brethren
are
like
to
meet
with
.
To
whom
he
answered
.
If
God
hath
decreed
that
I
shall
sup
together
with
the
Saints
in
Heaven
,
why
doe
I
not
goe
to
them
?
but
if
there
be
any
doubt
or
hesitation
resting
upon
my
spirit
,
the
Lord
will
reveal
the
truth
unto
me
.
When
he
had
layen
still
a
while
,
a
friend
said
unto
him
,
that
hee
hoped
that
his
minde
was
employed
in
holy
meditation
whilst
hee
lay
so
silent
:
An
excellen●
speech
.
To
whom
he
answered
,
Poor
wretch
,
and
miserable
man
that
I
am
,
the
least
of
all
Saints
,
and
the
greatest
of
Sinners
,
yet
by
the
eye
of
Faith
I
beleeve
in
,
and
look
upon
Christ
my
Saviour
.
Yet
a
little
while
,
and
we
shall
see
our
hope
.
The
end
of
the
world
is
come
upon
us
,
and
we
shall
quickly
receive
the
end
of
our
hope
which
we
have
so
much
looked
for
.
Afflictions
,
diseases
,
sicknesse
grief
,
are
nothing
but
part
of
that
portion
which
God
hath
allotted
to
us
in
this
world
.
It
s
not
enough
to
beginne
for
a
little
while
,
except
we
persevere
in
the
fear
of
the
Lord
all
the
daies
of
our
lives
,
for
in
a
moment
we
shall
be
taken
away
.
Take
heed
therefore
that
you
doe
not
make
a
pastime
of
,
nor
dis-esteem
the
Word
of
God
:
blessed
are
they
that
whilst
they
have
tongues
,
use
them
to
Gods
glory
.
When
he
drew
near
to
his
end
,
being
set
up
in
his
bed
,
some
of
his
friends
requested
him
to
speake
something
to
them
that
might
bee
for
their
edification
,
and
comfort
:
Whereupon
,
the
Sun
shining
in
his
face
,
hee
tooke
occasion
from
thence
to
say
thus
unto
them
;
There
is
but
one
Sunne
in
the
world
,
nor
but
one
Righteousnesse
,
one
Communion
of
Saints
,
If
I
were
the
most
excellent
of
all
creatures
in
the
world
:
If
I
were
equall
in
righteousnesse
to
Abraham
,
Isaac
,
and
Jacob
,
yet
had
I
reason
to
conf●sse
my selfe
to
bee
a
sinner
,
and
that
I
could
expect
no
salvation
but
in
the
righteousnesse
of
Jesus
Christ
:
Comfort
at
death
.
For
we
all
stand
in
need
of
the
grace
of
God
:
And
as
for
my
death
,
I
blesse
God
I
feel
,
and
finde
so
much
inward
joy
and
comfort
in
my
soul
,
that
if
I
were
put
to
my
choice
whether
to
dye
,
or
live
,
I
would
a
thousand
times
rather
choose
death
then
life
,
if
it
may
stand
with
the
holy
will
of
God
:
His
Death
.
And
accordingly
shortly
after
he
slept
in
the
Lord
,
Anno
Christi
1576.
The
Life
of
Flacius
Illiricus
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1575.
MAtthias
Flacius
Illiricus
was
borne
in
Albona
in
Sclavonia
,
His
Birth
and
Parentage
.
Anno
Christi
1520
,
of
an
ancient
and
numerous
Family
.
His
Father
being
learned
himself
,
and
discerning
a
good
ingeny
in
his
Sonne
,
His
education
.
began
in
his
tender
years
to
instill
into
him
the
first
Rudiments
of
Learning
.
But
after
his
death
,
his
Masters
so
neglected
him
,
that
he
almost
forgot
all
.
Yet
when
he
began
to
have
discretion
,
he
desired
much
to
attaine
to
Learning
,
and
returned
to
his
studies
,
and
to
further
him
therein
,
went
to
Venice
,
He
goes
to
Venice
.
and
after
some
progress
made
,
at
seventeen
years
old
hee
beganne
to
study
Divinity
:
but
wanting
means
to
maintaine
him
in
the
University
,
he
profered
halfe
his
estate
to
be
admitted
into
a
Monastery
,
either
at
Bononia
,
or
Padua
;
but
a
friend
,
called
Baldus
,
a
godly
man
,
who
afterwards
suffered
Martyrdom
for
the
Truth
,
disswaded
him
from
that
kinde
of
life
,
and
advised
him
rather
to
goe
into
Germany
,
where
were
store
of
Learned
men
.
Hereupon
,
He
goes
to
Venice
.
having
read
over
some
of
the
Protestants
bookes
,
and
liking
Baldus
his
advice
,
hee
went
into
Germany
,
which
he
had
never
before
seen
;
and
first
staying
at
Basil
,
he
studied
under
Simon
Grynaeus
,
who
did
not
only
entertain
him
,
being
very
poor
,
but
provided
for
him
,
and
instructed
him
in
the
Truth
,
which
was
An.
1539.
And
about
the
end
of
the
ear
he
went
from
thence
to
Tubing
,
where
also
he
studied
a
while
under
Matthias
Garbicius
,
His
Poverty
.
&
then
went
to
Wittenberg
,
An.
Chr.
1541
,
where
he
privately
taught
Greek
and
Hebrew
for
his
maintenance
,
and
heard
Luther
and
Melancthon
.
He
was
much
troubled
there
with
temptations
about
Sinne
,
His
Tentation
.
Gods
wrath
,
and
Predestination
:
But
by
the
good
counsel
of
Pomerane
and
Luther
,
and
the
publick
praiers
of
the
Church
,
it
pleased
God
that
he
overcame
them
.
Melancthon
loved
him
much
for
his
Wit
and
Learning
,
and
maintained
him
at
his
own
charges
:
And
when
Flacius
was
reasonable
well
grounded
in
the
Greek
,
he
fel
to
the
study
of
the
Hebrew
,
His
Marriage
.
and
commenced
Mr.
of
Arts.
He
also
married
a
wife
,
and
had
a
stipend
allowed
him
by
the
Prince
Elector
,
Anno
1544.
But
when
by
reason
of
the
Wars
,
that
University
was
dissipated
,
he
went
to
Brunswick
,
being
invited
thither
by
Medler
,
where
he
got
much
credit
by
his
publlck
teaching
.
The
Warres
being
ended
,
he
returned
to
Wittenberg
,
Anno
1547.
But
when
the
Interim
came
forth
,
and
Melancthon
thought
that
for
peace-sake
somthing
should
be
yeelded
to
in
things
indifferent
,
The
Interim
opposed
by
him
.
Flacius
,
with
the
Divines
of
Lubec
,
Lunenburg
,
Hamborough
,
and
Madgeburg
strongly
opposed
it
,
as
opening
a
gap
to
the
return
of
Popery
.
Hereupon
shortly
after
he
removed
to
Madgeburg
,
where
he
strongly
opposed
Popery
,
He
goes
to
Magdeburg
.
the
Interim
,
and
whatsoever
was
contrarie
to
the
Augustane
Confession
.
There
also
he
assisted
Gallus
,
Wigand
,
and
Judex
,
in
writing
the
Madgeburgenses
Centuries
;
Confuted
the
opinion
of
Osiander
about
the
Justification
of
a
man
before
God
,
and
the
fond
conceits
of
Schwensield
.
And
when
the
Duke
of
Saxonie
had
erected
an
University
at
Jeans
,
And
from
thence
to
Jeans
.
And
to
Ratisbone
.
hee
sent
for
him
thither
,
Anno
Christi
1557.
But
after
five
years
a
great
contention
arising
between
Strigelius
and
him
about
Free
will
,
he
left
that
place
and
went
to
Ratisbone
;
and
Anno
Christi
1567
the
Citizens
of
Antwerp
,
having
procured
liberty
for
the
free
exercise
of
the
Reformed
Religion
,
sent
for
Flacins
amongst
others
thither
;
but
Religion
being
quickly
expelled
thence
,
And
to
Suasborough
.
he
went
to
Strasborough
,
where
he
published
his
Glosse
upon
the
New
Testament
.
And
from
thence
to
Franckfurt
upon
the
Main
,
where
after
a
while
falling
out
with
the
Ministers
about
the
Essence
of
Originall
Sin
,
he
fell
into
great
disgrace
,
and
not
long
after
died
,
Anno
Christi
1575
,
His
Death
.
and
of
his
Age
55.
He
was
of
an
unquiet
wit
,
alwaies
contending
with
some
or
other
,
and
brought
much
grief
to
Melancthon
;
yet
wrote
some
excellent
Workes
for
the
benefit
of
the
Church
;
and
amongst
others
,
His
Works
.
his
Catalogus
Testium
Veritatis
:
His
Clavis
sacrae
Scripturae
:
His
Martyrologie
,
with
many
others
set
down
by
Verheiden
in
his
Praestantium
Theologorum
effigies
.
The
Life
of
Josias
Simlerus
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1576.
JOsias
Simlerus
was
born
at
Capella
in
Helvetia
,
His
birth
and
education
.
An.
Ch.
1530.
His
Fathers
Name
was
Peter
,
who
was
a
godly
,
learned
,
and
prudent
man
;
by
whom
he
was
carefully
brought
up
in
learning
in
the
School
of
Capella
,
and
at
fourteene
yeares
of
age
was
sent
to
Zurick
,
Anno
Christi
1544
,
where
he
lived
in
Bullingers
Family
(
who
was
his
Godfather
)
almost
two
yeares
,
and
in
which
place
he
demeaned
himself
so
piously
,
modestly
,
and
diligently
,
and
made
so
eminent
a
progresse
in
Learning
,
that
he
was
exceedingly
beloved
of
all
.
From
thence
he
went
to
the
University
of
Basil
,
He
goes
to
Basil.
Anno
Christi
1546
,
where
he
studied
the
Arts
and
Tongues
one
year
,
and
from
thence
he
went
to
Strasborough
,
And
Strasborough
.
in
which
place
there
flourished
at
that
time
Sturmius
,
Martyr
,
Bucer
,
Fagius
,
Herlinus
,
Sevenus
,
Dasypodius
,
Hedio
,
Niger
,
with
some
others
:
Some
of
these
he
heard
,
and
spent
two
years
in
the
further
study
of
the
Arts
and
Tongues
.
And
so
at
the
end
of
three
years
he
returned
home
,
to
the
great
joy
of
his
Father
and
Bullinger
.
Neither
did
he
now
spend
his
time
in
pleasures
,
and
idlenesse
,
but
partly
in
learning
,
partly
in
preaching
in
neighbouring
villages
,
and
partly
in
teaching
a
School
;
so
that
being
not
above
twenty
yeares
old
,
he
was
very
serviceable
both
in
the
Church
and
Schoole
.
And
whereas
Gesner
was
exceeding
full
of
imployments
,
hee
many
times
supplyed
his
publick
Lectures
,
one
while
reading
Astronomie
,
another
while
Geometrie
,
and
other
whiles
Arithmetick
Lectures
for
him
.
He
is
ma●e
Profe●●or
in
Zu●●●
.
Anno
Christi
1552
he
was
appointed
publickly
to
expound
the
New
Testament
in
Zurick
,
being
but
two
and
twenty
years
old
;
and
he
beganne
with
Matthew
,
and
shewed
such
diligence
and
abilities
,
that
he
was
not
only
admired
be
his
own
Countrymen
,
but
by
strangers
,
especially
the
English
,
who
lived
as
exiles
there
at
that
time
.
Four
years
after
.
He
is
made
〈◊〉
An.
Chr.
1557
he
was
made
Deacon
,
and
went
on
in
his
former
worke
with
admiration
,
so
that
he
was
highly
prized
by
all
,
and
judged
fit
for
better
preferment
.
Bibliander
being
grown
very
old
,
Simler
supplied
his
place
,
He
is
dear
to
Peter
Martyr
.
and
was
Colleague
to
Peter
Martyr
,
who
highly
prised
him
,
and
foretold
that
Simler
would
prove
a
great
ornament
to
the
Church
;
and
when
he
died
,
expressed
much
joy
that
he
should
have
so
able
a
man
to
succeed
him
.
And
accordingly
after
his
death
,
Simler
was
chosen
into
his
place
by
the
unanimous
votes
both
of
the
Doctors
and
Senate
of
Zurick
,
which
was
in
the
year
1563
,
and
had
for
his
Colleague
John
Wolffius
,
a
very
learned
,
and
godly
man
.
Simler
,
His
Industry
.
besides
his
publick
labours
,
instructed
many
in
private
,
and
amongst
them
some
Noblemen
,
both
in
sacred
,
and
humane
learning
.
His
Lectures
publick
,
and
private
,
ordinary
,
and
extraordinary
were
sufficient
witnesses
of
his
diligence
,
industry
,
piety
,
learning
,
eloquence
,
judgement
,
and
memory
.
His
excellent
memory
.
He
had
such
an
acute
wit
,
and
strong
memory
,
that
he
was
able
ex
tempore
to
speak
of
any
subject
,
and
to
answer
his
friends
questions
out
of
any
Author
,
and
to
give
an
account
of
their
writings
,
to
the
great
admiration
of
the
hearers
.
And
though
in
reading
of
books
he
seemed
to
run
over
them
very
superficially
,
His
manner
of
reading
.
yet
when
he
had
done
,
he
was
able
to
give
an
exact
account
of
any
thing
that
was
contained
in
them
.
Being
so
troubled
with
the
Gout
that
many
times
he
was
confined
to
his
bed
,
and
had
the
use
of
none
of
his
members
but
his
Tongue
onely
;
yet
in
the
midst
of
his
pains
,
His
excellent
parts
.
he
used
to
dictate
to
his
Amanuensis
such
things
as
were
presently
printed
,
to
the
great
admiration
of
Learned
men
.
His
diseases
.
Besides
the
Gout
,
he
was
much
troubled
with
the
stone
,
so
that
the
pains
of
these
diseases
,
together
with
his
excessive
labours
in
his
Ministry
,
hastned
his
immature
death
;
which
he
also
foresaw
,
yet
without
any
consternation
,
or
fear
,
but
by
his
frequent
and
fervent
prayers
to
God
,
endeavoured
to
fit
himselfe
for
it
:
and
accordingly
Anno
Christi
1576
he
resigned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
,
His
death
.
being
five
and
forty
years
old
,
His
Character
.
and
was
buried
in
Peter
Martyrs
Tomb.
Hee
was
of
a
very
loving
,
and
gentle
nature
,
free
from
passion
;
very
charitable
,
spending
all
his
Patrimony
upon
the
Poore
,
and
Strangers
.
And
such
as
came
thither
to
study
,
he
entertained
them
in
his
house
,
and
often
feasted
his
friends
,
with
whom
he
would
be
very
merry
;
otherwise
he
was
very
sparing
of
speech
.
He
delighted
much
in
History
.
He
had
two
Wives
,
the
first
of
which
was
Bullingers
daughter
,
who
died
without
issue
;
by
the
second
,
who
was
Gualters
daughter
,
he
had
three
sons
and
one
daughter
.
He
was
tall
of
stature
,
fat
,
fair
,
and
strong
,
but
that
he
was
somewhat
weakned
by
the
Gout
.
He
had
such
an
amiable
face
,
that
his
sweet
manners
might
bee
seen
in
his
countenance
as
in
a
glass
.
In
his
habit
and
diet
he
was
neither
too
sumptuous
,
nor
too
fordid
;
best
liking
cleanlinesse
,
and
neatness
.
Scripsit
Praelectiones
in
Exodum
.
De
aeterno
Dei
Filio
,
adversus
Arianos
,
Tritheitas
,
&
Samosetaninos
.
Adversus
eosdem
de
S.
Sancto
.
Narrationem
veterum
controversiarum
de
una
●erson●
,
&
duabus
naturis
Christi
,
&c.
cum
multis
aliis
.
The
particulars
you
may
find
in
Verheiden
.
The
Life
of
Immanuel
Tremelius
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1580.
IMmanuel
Tremelius
was
born
in
Ferrara
,
having
a
Jew
to
his
Father
,
His
Birth
and
education
.
who
so
educated
him
,
that
hee
was
very
skilfull
in
the
Hebrew
Tongue
:
Hee
was
converted
by
PeterMartyr
,
and
went
with
him
to
Lucca
,
where
he
taught
Hebrew
.
From
thence
he
went
with
him
to
Strasborough
,
His
conversion
.
and
from
thence
into
England
under
King
Edward
the
sixth
,
after
whose
death
he
returned
into
Germany
:
His
frequents
remo●es
.
And
in
the
School
of
Hornback
,
under
the
Duke
of
B●●●●t
,
he
taught
Hebrew
.
From
thence
he
was
called
to
Heidleberg
under
Frederick
the
third
,
Elector
Palatine
,
where
he
was
Professor
of
the
Hebrew
tongue
,
and
translated
the
Syriack
Testament
into
Latine
:
There
also
he
set
upon
the
Translation
of
the
Bible
out
of
Hebrew
,
Bible
translated
&
associated
to
himself
in
that
work
Fr.
Junius
,
who
after
the
death
of
Tremelius
,
perused
the
whole
work
,
and
by
adding
many
things
,
rather
made
it
larger
then
better
,
in
some
mens
judgement
.
In
his
old
age
he
left
Heidleberg
,
and
by
the
Duke
of
Bulloin
was
called
to
be
Hebrew
Professor
in
his
new
University
of
Sedan
,
where
he
dyed
,
Anno
Christi
1580
,
and
of
his
Age
seventy
.
His
death
.
He
wrote
a
Chalde
and
Syriack
Grammer
;
hee
published
the
New
Testament
in
Latine
and
Syriack
:
An
exposition
upon
the
Prophet
Hosea
.
Together
with
Junius
he
translated
the
Hebrew
Bible
,
adding
short
annotations
.
And
lastly
Bucers
Lectures
upon
the
Epistle
to
the
Ephesians
.
The
Life
of
Peter
Boquine
,
who
died
Anno
Christi
1582.
PEter
Boquinus
was
borne
in
Aquitane
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
being
in
his
youth
brought
up
in
learning
,
he
entred
into
a
Monastery
at
Biturg
,
where
he
was
made
the
Prior
,
and
was
very
much
beloved
of
all
the
Convent
.
But
it
pleased
God
in
the
midst
of
all
his
riches
and
honours
to
discover
the
Truth
to
him
,
His
Conversion
and
thereupon
,
after
the
example
of
Luther
,
Bucer
,
Oecolampadius
and
Peter
Martyr
,
he
resolved
to
leave
all
,
and
to
follow
Christ
;
Christ
best
of
all
.
whose
example
divers
of
the
Friers
also
followed
;
From
thence
he
went
toward
Wittenberg
,
being
very
desirous
to
be
acquainted
with
Luther
,
and
Melancthon
,
whose
fame
was
very
great
,
and
some
of
whose
works
he
had
met
with
,
and
read
;
and
so
travelling
through
Germany
he
came
to
Basil
,
He
goes
to
Basil.
where
he
wintered
by
reason
of
the
Plague
,
very
rife
at
that
time
in
many
Countries
.
There
he
diligently
heard
the
Lectures
of
Myconius
,
Caralostadius
,
and
Sebastian
Munster
.
Anno
Christi
1542
,
from
thence
he
went
to
Lipsich
,
where
he
stayed
three
weeks
,
He
comes
to
Wittenburg
.
and
so
went
to
Wittenberg
;
Coming
hither
he
had
some
converse
with
Luther
,
but
more
with
Melancthon
:
And
whilst
he
was
there
,
Bucer
sent
to
Melancthon
to
request
him
,
to
send
an
able
man
to
Strasborough
to
supply
Calvins
place
,
He
goes
to
Strasborough
.
who
was
now
gone
back
to
Geneva
;
whereupon
Melancthon
requested
Boquine
to
goe
thither
,
which
he
accordingly
did
,
and
began
to
read
upon
the
Epistle
to
the
Galatians
.
Shortly
after
Peter
Martyr
came
thither
also
.
But
Bucer
being
sent
for
by
the
Arch-bishop
of
Collen
,
to
assist
him
in
the
reformation
of
his
Churches
,
Boquine
finding
that
the
Ecclesiasticall
and
Scholasticall
affaires
went
but
slowly
forward
in
his
absence
,
upon
the
request
of
his
brother
who
was
a
Doctor
of
Divinity
,
and
not
altogether
estranged
from
the
Reformed
Religion
,
he
resolved
to
goe
back
into
France
,
and
so
taking
Basil
in
his
way
,
he
went
to
Geneva
,
His
return●
into
France
.
where
he
heard
Calvin
preach
,
and
had
some
speech
with
him
,
and
from
thence
to
Biturg
,
where
he
lived
with
his
brother
,
the
Doctor
mentioned
before
;
and
when
some
hope
began
to
appear
that
the
Churches
of
France
would
be
reformed
,
at
the
instigation
of
his
brother
,
he
began
publickly
to
read
Hebrew
,
and
to
expound
the
Scriptures
.
About
that
time
Francis
King
of
France
being
dead
,
the
Queen
of
Navar
came
into
those
parts
about
the
marriage
of
her
daughter
,
to
whom
Boquine
went
,
and
presented
her
with
a
book
written
with
his
own
hand
,
about
the
necessity
and
use
of
the
holy
Scriptures
,
and
her
daughter
with
another
,
concerning
our
spiritual
husband
Jesus
Christ
;
whereupon
she
took
him
into
her
Patronage
,
and
allowed
him
a
yearly
stipend
out
of
her
treasury
,
He
is
made
the
Q.
of
Navars
Chaplain
.
appointing
him
to
preach
a
publick
Lecture
in
the
great
Church
in
Biturg
;
Whereunto
also
the
Arch-Bishop
consented
.
Shortly
after
the
Queen
of
Navar
dying
,
there
succeeded
to
her
King
Henries
sister
,
as
in
name
and
stock
,
so
also
in
Doctrine
and
Piety
not
unlike
her
:
Whereupon
Boquine
went
and
presented
her
with
a
book
which
he
had
written
,
De
homine
perfecto
,
which
she
took
so
gratefully
,
that
she
confirmed
his
former
stipend
to
him
;
and
he
made
use
of
that
favour
so
long
as
he
thought
his
labours
were
not
unprofitable
to
the
Church
;
but
when
he
saw
that
there
was
no
hope
of
any
further
Reformation
in
France
,
and
that
his
enemies
lay
in
wait
for
his
life
,
he
gave
it
over
of
his
own
accord
.
At
that
time
he
underwent
the
bitter
hatred
of
some
Friers
,
and
other
enemies
of
the
truth
,
Popish
malice
.
by
whom
his
life
was
in
great
danger
;
For
he
was
summoned
to
appear
before
the
Parliament
of
Paris
,
and
then
before
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Biturg
,
where
his
life
was
sought
;
but
God
raised
up
some
men
to
stand
for
him
,
Gods
providence
.
whereby
he
was
delivered
from
the
present
danger
.
Then
did
he
resolve
to
fly
into
England
;
but
hearing
of
King
Edwards
death
,
he
altered
his
purpose
,
and
by
the
perswasion
of
a
friend
he
resolved
to
returne
to
his
people
in
Germany
,
and
so
accordingly
,
accompanied
with
two
young
men
,
His
return
to
Strasborough
;
he
went
to
Strasborough
;
and
when
he
had
scarce
been
there
a
month
,
it
so
fell
out
that
the
French
Church
in
that
place
wanted
a
Pastor
,
and
chose
him
to
that
office
;
yet
for
sundry
reasons
he
refused
to
accept
of
it
,
till
by
the
perswasion
of
John
Sturmius
,
and
some
other
friends
,
he
was
content
to
preach
to
them
till
they
could
provide
them
another
.
That
place
he
discharged
for
about
the
space
of
four
months
,
conflicting
with
many
difficulties
,
and
meeting
with
much
trouble
,
His
troubles
.
by
reason
of
the
improbity
and
perfidiousnesse
of
some
:
At
the
end
of
which
time
the
Senat
with
the
consent
of
the
Church
,
appointed
Peter
Alexander
to
be
their
Pastor
,
and
so
Boquine
was
freed
.
Anno
Christi
1557.
He
goes
to
Heidleberg
.
he
went
from
thence
to
Heidleberg
,
being
sent
for
by
Otho
Henry
,
Prince
Elector
Palatine
,
who
was
about
to
reforme
his
Churches
.
There
hee
was
made
the
Publick
Professor
of
Theologie
,
and
met
with
much
opposition
,
and
manifold
contentions
in
that
alteration
,
His
patience
which
yet
he
bore
with
much
prudence
.
Anno
Christi
1564.
there
was
a
disputation
appointed
at
Malbourn
for
composing
the
great
controversie
about
the
ubiquity
of
Christs
body
:
This
was
appointed
by
Frederick
the
third
,
Elector
Palatine
,
and
Christopher
Duke
of
Wertemberg
.
To
this
meeting
the
Elector
sent
Boquine
,
Diller
,
Olevian
,
Dathen
and
Ursin
;
but
very
little
fruit
appeared
of
their
labours
,
as
the
event
shewed
.
Boquin
continued
in
Heidleberg
about
twenty
years
,
under
Otho
and
Frederick
the
third
.
But
after
that
Princes
death
,
An.
Christi
1576
,
by
reason
of
the
prevalency
of
the
Hetorodox
party
,
He
is
driven
from
thence
.
he
,
with
other
Professorr
,
and
Divines
,
was
driven
thence
:
and
it
pleased
God
that
immediately
hee
was
called
to
Lausanna
,
He
is
called
to
Lausanna
.
where
he
performed
the
part
of
a
faithfull
Pastor
,
so
long
as
he
lived
.
Anno
Christi
1582
on
a
Lords
day
he
preached
twice
,
and
in
the
evening
heard
another
Sermon
,
then
supped
chearfully
,
and
after
supper
refreshed
himself
by
walking
abroad
;
then
went
to
visit
a
sick
friend
,
and
whll'st
he
was
conforting
of
him
,
he
found
his
spirits
to
begin
to
sink
in
him
,
and
running
to
his
servant
,
he
said
unto
him
Pray
;
adding
further
,
Lord
receive
my
soul
,
His
sudden
death
.
and
so
he
quietly
departed
in
the
Lord
,
Anno
Christi
,
1582.
The
workes
which
he
left
behind
him
were
these
:
Defensio
ad
calumnias
Doctoris
cujusdam
Avii
in
Evangelii
professores
.
His
Works
.
Examen
libri
quem
Heshusius
inscripsit
,
De
praesentia
corporis
Christi
in
caena
domini
.
Theses
de
coena
Domini
.
Exegesis
divinae
communicationis
.
Adsertio
veteris
,
ac
veri
Christianismi
adversus
novum
,
&
fictum
Jesuitismum
.
Notatio
praecipuarum
causarum
diuturnitatis
controversiae
de
Coena
Domini
.
Adsertio
ritus
frangendi
&
in
manus
sumendi
panis
Eucharistici
.
E.
GRINDALL
The
Life
of
Edmund
Grindall
,
who
dyed
A
no
Christi
1583.
EDmund
Grindal
was
borne
in
Cumberland
Anno
Christi
1519.
His
Birth
and
education
.
and
carefully
brought
up
in
learning
,
first
at
school
,
and
then
in
the
University
of
Cambridg
,
His
preferment
in
Cambridge
.
where
being
admitted
into
Pembrook
Hall
,
he
profited
so
exceedingly
,
that
he
was
chosen
first
Fellow
,
and
afterward
Master
of
that
house
:
And
Bishop
Ridley
taking
notice
of
his
piety
and
learning
,
made
him
his
Chaplain
,
and
commended
him
to
that
pious
Prince
King
Edward
the
sixth
,
who
intended
to
prefer
him
,
but
that
he
was
prevented
by
an
immature
death
.
In
the
bloody
daies
of
Queen
Mary
,
Grindal
,
Flight
in
persecution
.
amongst
many
others
,
fled
into
Germany
,
where
he
continued
all
her
Reigne
:
But
comming
back
in
the
beginning
of
Queen
Elisabeth
,
she
preferred
him
to
that
dignity
which
her
brother
King
Edward
intended
him
to
,
He
is
made
Bish.
of
Lond.
making
him
Bishop
of
London
,
wherein
hee
carried
himself
worthily
for
about
eleven
years
.
Anno
Christi
1570
hee
was
removed
by
the
Queen
to
the
Archbishoprick
of
York
,
Arch
bishop
of
York
.
where
he
continued
about
six
years
;
and
then
for
his
piety
and
learning
she
made
him
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
.
wherein
he
lived
about
seven
years
more
,
and
then
falling
sick
at
Croidon
,
hee
resigned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
that
gave
it
,
His
death
.
Anno
Christi
1583
,
and
of
his
Age
,
sixtie
four
.
Both
in
his
life
,
His
Charity
.
and
at
his
death
he
did
many
excellent
works
of
Charity
:
At
St.
Beighs
in
Cumberland
,
where
he
was
born
,
he
erected
a
Free-schoole
,
and
endowed
it
with
thirty
pound
per
annum
for
ever
.
To
Pembroke
Hall
in
Cambridge
,
where
he
was
educated
,
he
gave
twenty
two
pounds
a
yeare
in
lands
for
the
maintaining
of
a
Greek
Lecturer
,
one
Fellow
,
and
two
Scholars
,
to
be
chosen
out
of
the
aforesaid
School
of
St.
Beighs
.
He
gave
also
much
mony
to
the
said
Colledge
.
To
Magdalen
Colledge
in
Cambridge
,
hee
gave
lands
for
the
maintainance
of
one
Fellow
from
the
said
School
.
To
Christs
Colledge
in
Cambridge
he
gave
forty
five
pounds
.
To
Queens
Colledge
in
Oxford
he
gave
twenty
pound
per
annum
in
lands
to
maintain
one
Fellow
,
and
two
Scholars
out
of
the
aforesaid
Schoole
:
And
at
his
death
he
gave
his
Library
,
which
was
a
very
great
,
and
good
one
,
to
that
Colledge
;
besides
a
great
sum
of
money
.
To
eight
Alms-houses
in
Croidon
he
gave
fifty
pounds
per
annum
;
and
to
Canterbury
he
gave
an
hundred
pounds
to
set
the
poor
on
work
.
The
Life
of
Bernard
Gilpin
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1583.
BErnard
Gilpin
was
born
at
Kentmire
in
the
County
of
Westmoreland
Anno
Christi
1517
,
His
birth
and
Parentage
.
of
an
ancient
and
honourable
Family
.
When
he
was
but
a
child
,
a
Friar
,
pretending
to
be
a
zealous
Preacher
,
came
on
a
Saturday
night
to
his
Fathers
house
,
and
at
Supper
eat
like
a
Glutton
,
and
drunke
himself
drunk
,
yet
the
next
morning
in
his
Sermon
sharply
reproved
the
sinne
of
Drunkennesse
:
whereupon
young
Gilpin
,
sitting
near
his
mother
,
cryed
out
,
Oh
Mother
!
doe
you
hear
how
this
fellow
dares
speak
against
Drunkenness
,
and
yet
himself
was
drunken
last
night
?
But
his
Mother
stopped
his
mouth
with
her
hand
,
that
he
might
speake
no
further
,
it
being
a
mortall
sinne
in
those
times
to
speak
against
these
men
.
His
Parents
perceiving
his
aptnesse
,
were
carefull
to
make
him
a
Scholar
;
His
education
.
and
when
hee
had
with
great
approbation
passed
his
time
in
the
Grammar-School
,
they
sent
him
to
Oxford
Anno
Christi
1533
,
He
goes
to
Oxford
.
where
he
was
admitted
into
Queens
Colledge
,
and
profited
wondrously
in
Humane
Learning
.
Hee
was
very
conversant
also
in
the
writings
of
Erasmus
,
which
were
in
much
esteem
at
that
time
:
And
to
the
studie
of
Logick
,
and
Philosophie
,
hee
added
that
of
Greek
and
Hebrew
;
His
great
proficiency
,
yea
after
some
few
years
spent
in
these
studies
,
hee
grew
so
famous
,
that
there
was
no
place
of
preferment
for
a
Scholar
whereof
the
eminency
of
his
virtues
had
not
rendered
him
worthy
:
Whereupon
he
was
one
of
the
first
that
was
chosen
a
member
of
Christ-Church
by
Cardinall
Wolsey
.
At
that
time
he
was
not
fully
instructed
in
the
true
Religion
,
but
held
disputations
against
John
Hooper
,
afterwards
Bishop
of
Worcester
;
as
also
against
Peter
Martyr
,
who
was
then
Divinity
Lecturer
at
Oxford
,
upon
the
occasion
of
which
dispute
,
that
he
might
defend
his
cause
the
better
,
he
examined
the
Scriptures
&
ancient
Fathers
:
But
by
how
much
the
more
he
studied
to
defend
his
Cause
,
the
lesse
confidence
hee
began
to
have
therein
;
and
so
whilst
he
was
searching
zealously
for
Truth
,
he
beganne
to
discern●
his
own
Errors
.
Peter
Martyr
used
to
say
,
That
he
cared
not
for
his
other
adversaries
,
but
(
saith
he
)
I
am
troubled
for
Gilpin
;
for
he
doth
,
and
speaketh
all
things
with
an
upright
heart
;
and
therefore
he
often
prayed
,
Power
of
Prayer
.
That
God
would
be
pleased
at
last
to
convert
to
the
Truth
the
heart
of
Gilpin
,
being
so
inclinable
to
honesty
:
And
the
Lord
answered
his
prayer
;
for
presently
Gilpin
resolved
more
earnestly
to
apply
himself
,
both
by
study
,
and
praier
to
search
out
the
Truth
:
and
it
pleased
God
accordingly
to
reveal
it
unto
him
;
His
conversion
as
also
the
many
Errors
in
Popery
,
and
the
necessity
of
separating
from
that
Apostatical
Church
.
In
the
mean
while
Cuthbert
Tunstal
,
Bishop
of
Durham
,
being
his
Uncle
,
resolved
to
send
him
beyond-sea
to
visit
the
Churches
in
forrein
parts
,
and
to
allow
him
meanes
for
his
travel
:
But
before
his
going
,
he
was
called
to
preach
before
King
Edward
the
sixth
,
which
he
performed
with
good
approbation
.
Whilst
he
was
resolving
upon
his
journy
,
He
preaches
before
the
K.
he
had
a
Parsonage
given
him
,
which
Tunstal
perswaded
him
to
keep
to
maintaine
him
in
his
travels
;
but
he
,
sending
for
a
friend
whom
he
knew
to
be
learned
,
and
religious
,
resign'd
his
Parsonage
to
him
:
His
piety
.
For
which
,
when
it
came
to
the
knowledge
of
Tunstal
,
he
chid
him
sharply
,
and
told
him
,
That
he
would
die
a
begger
;
but
he
excused
it
,
saying
,
That
he
could
not
keep
it
with
the
peace
of
his
conscience
.
But
(
said
the
Bishop
)
thou
shalt
have
a
Dispensation
.
To
whom
Gilpin
answered
,
Tender
conscience
.
That
he
feared
when
he
came
to
stand
before
Christs
Tribunal
,
it
would
not
serve
his
turn
to
plead
a
Dispensation
,
&c.
When
he
came
beyond
sea
he
went
to
Lovan
,
He
goes
beyond
sea
.
Antwerp
,
and
Paris
.
And
after
a
while
Tunstal
sent
again
to
perswade
him
to
accept
of
a
Parsonage
,
which
he
would
conferre
upon
him
:
To
whom
he
wrote
back
that
he
had
discussed
the
question
with
all
the
learned
,
especially
with
the
Prophets
and
best
Writers
since
Christ's
time
,
so
that
he
was
fully
resolved
not
to
burthen
his
conscience
by
accepting
of
a
Charge
which
he
could
not
live
upon
,
&c.
Whilst
he
was
at
Paris
,
Tunstal
sent
him
over
a
book
which
himself
had
written
,
about
the
Presence
of
Christ
in
the
Sacrament
to
be
printed
there
,
which
Gilpin
performed
faithfully
.
He
returned
into
England
after
three
years
,
His
return
into
England
.
in
Queen
Maries
reign
,
and
beheld
(
to
his
great
griefe
)
the
Church
oppressed
with
blood
and
fire
;
and
being
placed
by
Tunstal
in
the
Rectory
of
Essingdon
,
His
faithfulnes
he
began
sharply
to
tax
the
vices
which
then
reigned
in
the
Church
,
and
propounded
the
Doctrine
of
Salvation
plainly
,
and
soundly
;
which
procured
him
many
enemies
,
especially
of
the
Clergy
,
who
accused
him
often
to
the
Bishop
for
an
Heretick
:
He
is
accused
.
But
Tunstal
could
not
endure
to
shed
blood
,
and
therefore
dealt
mildly
with
him
.
At
a
certaine
time
the
Bishops
Chaplains
discoursed
with
him
about
Luther
,
and
the
Sacrament
of
the
Altar
;
whom
he
answered
so
judiciously
,
that
the
Bishop
hearing
their
discourse
,
said
to
his
Chaplains
,
Let
him
alone
,
for
he
hath
more
learning
then
you
all
.
His
great
learning
.
The
Archdeaconry
of
Durham
being
annexed
to
the
Parsonage
of
Essingdon
,
Master
Gilpin
for
a
time
supplied
both
places
,
but
after
a
while
hee
wrote
to
the
Bishop
,
desiring
that
he
might
have
his
good
will
to
resigne
one
of
them
,
which
the
Bishop
was
very
angry
at
,
saying
;
I
told
thee
thou
wouldst
die
a
beggar
.
Not
long
after
the
Bishop
conferred
upon
him
instead
of
them
,
the
Rectory
of
Houghton
,
Made
Parson
of
Houghton
.
which
was
a
great
Parish
,
and
a
very
fine
seat
.
Hee
took
great
care
to
perform
the
duties
of
the
Ministry
amongst
his
people
;
His
charity
to
souls
.
and
seeing
the
miserable
condition
of
many
places
in
those
parts
;
where
the
Tithes
being
Impropriated
,
the
Souls
of
the
people
were
starved
,
hee
preached
often
abroad
also
:
And
once
a
year
he
took
a
journey
into
Northumberland
,
His
journies
into
the
North.
Riddesdale
,
and
Tindale
,
usually
about
Christmasse
,
because
of
the
opportunnity
of
so
many
Holy-daies
;
where
he
gat
himselfe
much
esteem
by
his
preaching
to
those
barbarous
people
,
and
distributing
mony
to
the
poore
.
Sometimes
he
was
forced
to
lodge
in
the
snow
all
night
in
that
journey
,
at
which
times
hee
made
his
man
to
trot
his
horses
up
and
down
,
whilst
he
bestirred
himself
that
he
might
not
perish
with
the
cold
.
Once
as
he
returned
home
,
a
husbandman
,
as
he
was
ploughing
,
had
a
horse
in
his
team
that
fell
down
and
died
,
His
charity
.
for
which
he
made
great
moan
;
whereupon
Master
Gilpin
caused
his
man
to
alight
and
take
off
his
saddle
and
bridle
,
and
so
to
carry
them
to
the
next
town
,
and
gave
his
horse
to
this
husbandman
.
And
when
by
chance
he
met
with
any
naked
poor
people
,
he
would
pull
off
some
of
his
own
clothes
and
give
them
.
In
the
towne
of
Houghton
there
was
a
street
of
poore
people
,
for
whose
reliefe
every
Thursday
he
caused
a
great
pot
of
meat
to
be
boyled
,
and
distributed
amongst
them
;
yea
,
his
charity
was
such
,
that
hee
was
commonly
called
,
His
enemies
.
The
Father
of
the
Poor
.
Yet
had
hee
many
enemies
,
who
often
accused
him
to
Bishop
Tunstal
,
but
he
abhorring
to
shed
blood
,
was
still
a
sweet
defence
to
him
.
At
last
they
accused
him
to
Bonner
,
Flight
in
persecution
refused
.
who
sent
a
Messenger
to
apprehend
him
,
whereof
hee
had
notice
before
hand
,
and
therefore
prepared
himself
for
Martyrdom
,
commanding
his
Steward
to
provide
him
a
long
garment
to
goe
to
the
stake
in
,
Gods
providence
.
but
it
pleased
God
that
by
the
sudden
death
of
Queen
Mary
he
was
freed
from
this
danger
.
In
the
beginning
of
Queen
Elizabeths
reign
Mr.
Gilpin
was
exceeding
studious
to
do
all
the
good
that
possibly
he
could
,
His
con●inued
charity
.
whereupon
he
erected
a
Grammar-School
,
allowing
maintenance
for
a
Master
and
Usher
;
divers
of
the
Scholars
hee
also
instructed
himself
,
so
that
in
that
School
were
bred
many
that
were
exceedingly
profitable
to
the
Church
afterwards●
For
there
was
great
resort
to
it
,
some
of
which
he
tabled
in
his
own
house
,
others
in
the
town
;
yea
,
upon
many
poor
mens
sons
he
bestowed
both
meat
,
drink
,
apparel
,
and
teaching
Out
of
this
School
were
sent
daily
many
to
the
Universities
,
to
divers
of
which
he
allowed
maintenance
;
whereby
his
name
was
renowned
,
and
the
Earl
of
Bedford
much
esteemed
him
,
and
procured
of
the
Queen
the
Bishoprick
of
Carlile
for
him
,
His
humility
.
and
sent
him
his
Congedeslier
;
but
Master
Gilpin
returned
it
back
with
many
thanks
,
alledging
his
own
insufficiency
for
the
discharge
of
so
great
a
place
.
Not
●ong
after
also
hee
was
much
importuned
to
take
upon
him
the
Provosts
place
of
Queens
Colledge
in
Oxford
,
He
refuse●h
preserm●●t
.
but
hee
refused
it
,
being
wholly
unwilling
to
remove
from
the
place
where
God
had
set
him
.
He
was
much
given
unto
Hospitality
,
His
hospitality
insomuch
as
William
Cecil
Lord
Burghley
returning
out
of
Scotland
,
drawn
with
the
fame
of
Master
Gilpin
,
came
to
Houghton
,
where
hee
was
entertained
with
all
due
respect
:
And
when
hee
had
well
observed
Master
Gilpin
,
and
the
diligence
of
his
servants
,
and
abundance
of
all
things
,
with
so
compleat
service
in
the
entertainment
of
so
great
,
and
unlooked
for
a
Guest
,
hee
said
at
his
parting
,
That
he
had
heard
much
of
Master
Gilpin
,
but
what
he
had
now
seen
,
and
tried
,
was
much
more
then
the
report
.
And
thereupon
when
he
took
his
leave
of
Master
Gilpin
,
he
requested
him
if
he
had
any
occasion
or
suit
at
the
Court
,
that
hee
would
make
use
of
him
to
intercede
for
him
.
He
still
continued
his
yearely
visit
of
Riddesdale
,
and
Tindale
,
where
he
was
esteemed
a
Prophet
,
and
little
lesse
then
adored
by
that
barbarous
people
.
His
esteem
in
the
North.
Being
once
amongst
them
,
one
had
stoln
his
horses
,
whereupon
Hue
and
Cry
was
sent
abroad
for
Master
Gilpin's
horses
.
The
fellow
that
had
stoln
them
,
hearing
that
they
were
Master
Gilpin's
,
fell
a
trembling
and
presently
carried
them
back
again
,
humbly
craving
pardon
,
Note
.
and
the
benediction
of
Father
Gilpin
,
protesting
that
he
feared
that
he
should
be
thrust
into
hell
if
he
should
doe
him
any
wrong
.
Also
being
to
preach
at
a
town
called
Rothburte
,
there
was
a
deadly
fend
between
the
inhabitants
,
so
that
the
men
of
both
sides
never
met
at
Church
without
blood-shed
,
A
barbarous
custom
.
and
therefore
when
one
party
came
,
the
other
used
to
stay
away
:
But
Master
Gilpin
being
in
the
pulpit
,
both
parties
came
to
Church
,
one
party
going
into
the
Chancel
,
and
the
other
into
the
Body
of
the
Church
,
armed
with
Swords
and
Javelins
;
Master
Gilpin
,
though
somwhat
moved
with
this
uncouth
spectacle
,
yet
went
on
in
his
Sermon
;
but
when
their
weapons
beganne
to
make
a
clashing
sound
,
and
the
one
side
drew
near
to
the
other
,
Master
Gilpin
came
down
from
the
pulpit
,
and
stepping
to
the
Ringleaders
of
either
faction
,
laboured
to
establish
a
peace
;
and
when
hee
could
not
prevail
in
that
,
yet
he
got
a
promise
from
them
to
continue
the
peace
whilst
he
was
in
the
Church
,
and
afterwards
,
whilst
he
was
in
those
quarters
;
and
so
going
up
againe
,
he
spent
the
rest
of
the
time
in
disgracing
that
barbarous
,
and
bloody
custome
.
At
another
time
Master
Gilpin
coming
to
a
Church
in
those
parts
,
before
the
people
assembled
,
and
walking
up
,
and
down
,
spied
a
glove
hanging
up
in
the
Church
,
whereupon
he
enquired
of
the
Sexton
the
meaning
of
it
,
who
told
him
that
it
was
a
glove
of
one
of
the
parish
who
had
hung
it
up
as
a
challenge
to
his
enemy
,
with
whom
he
would
fight
hand
to
hand
,
or
with
any
that
durst
take
it
down
.
Master
Gilpin
requested
the
Sexton
to
take
it
downe
;
who
replyed
,
That
hee
durst
not
.
Then
said
Master
Gilpin
,
Bring
me
a
staffe
and
I
will
take
it
down
;
which
accordingly
he
did
,
and
put
it
into
his
bosome
,
and
in
his
Sermon
he
took
occasion
to
reprove
these
inhumane
challenges
,
and
reproved
him
in
particular
that
had
hung
up
the
glove
,
shewing
them
that
he
had
taken
it
down
,
and
that
such
practis●s
were
unbeseeming
Christians
,
and
therefore
he
perswaded
them
to
love
,
and
mutuall
charity
amongst
themselves
:
After
Sermon
he
distributed
money
amongst
the
poore
,
and
as
his
manner
was
,
visited
the
prisoners
,
gave
them
money
,
and
preached
to
them
,
and
brought
many
of
them
to
repentance
,
He
converts
theeves
.
and
for
some
that
were
condemned
to
die
he
procured
pardon
,
and
saved
their
lives
.
Not
long
after
a
Rebellion
was
raised
in
the
North
by
the
Earls
of
Northumberland
and
Cumberland
;
A
Rebellion
in
the
North.
he
suspended
him
,
which
Master
Gilpin
having
intelligence
of
,
resolved
to
retire
himself
from
his
house
for
a
time
,
and
making
a
speech
to
the
Master
and
Scholars
to
demean
themselves
carefully
and
peaceably
in
his
absence
,
hee
went
to
Oxford
,
till
the
Queens
Army
,
commanded
by
the
Earl
of
Sussex
,
had
dissipated
the
Rebels
.
But
before
that
Armie
came
,
the
Rebels
having
seized
upon
Durham
.
His
house
is
plundered
.
some
of
them
flew
as
farre
as
Houghton
,
and
finding
Master
Gilpins
Barns
full
of
Corn
,
young
cattel
fatted
,
and
many
things
,
provided
for
hospitality
,
they
made
spoyl
of
all
,
Inpratitude
.
the
chiefest
of
which
plunderers
was
a
knave
whom
Mr.
Gilpin
had
saved
from
the
Gallows
.
But
when
those
Rebels
were
overthrowne
,
Master
Gilpin
returned
home
,
and
begged
the
lives
of
many
of
the
simpler
sort
whom
he
knew
to
bee
drawn
into
that
Rebellion
through
ignorance
.
After
the
death
of
Bishop
Pilkington
,
who
was
Master
Gilpin's
faithfull
friend
,
there
succeeded
in
the
Bishoprick
of
Durham
,
one
Richard
Barns
,
who
was
offended
with
him
upon
some
false
suggestions
,
which
came
thus
about
.
Master
Gilpins
custome
was
sometimes
to
goe
to
Oxford
,
and
once
as
he
was
upon
his
way
,
hee
espied
a
young
before
him
sometime
walking
,
H.
B.
oughton
.
and
sometimes
running
.
Master
Gilpin
demanded
of
him
what
hee
was
,
and
whence
he
came
,
and
whither
hee
was
going
?
Hee
answered
,
That
hee
came
out
of
Wales
,
and
was
bound
for
Oxford
to
bee
a
Scholar
.
Master
Gilpin
thereupon
examined
him
,
and
finding
him
a
prompt
Scholar
for
the
Latine
,
and
that
hee
had
a
smattering
in
the
Greek
,
asked
him
if
he
would
goe
with
him
,
and
he
would
provide
for
him
;
the
youth
was
contented
:
whereupon
hee
took
him
with
him
to
Oxford
,
and
afterwards
to
Houghton
,
where
he
profited
exceedingly
both
in
Greek
and
Hebrew
,
whom
Master
Gilpin
at
last
sent
to
Cambridge
;
and
this
was
that
famous
Hugh
Broughton
,
who
afterwards
required
evill
for
good
,
Ingratitude
.
by
stirring
up
the
Bishop
of
Durham
against
Master
Gilpin
.
Now
the
Bishop
sent
to
Master
Gilpin
to
preach
at
a
Visitation
,
appointing
him
time
,
and
place
:
But
it
fell
out
to
be
just
at
that
time
when
Master
Gilpin
was
going
his
Northern
journey
into
Riddesdale
,
&c.
whereupon
he
sent
his
man
to
the
Bishop
,
desiring
him
to
appoint
some
other
to
preach
the
Visitation-Sermon
,
for
that
hee
might
have
many
to
doe
that
service
,
but
none
would
goe
amongst
the
borderers
if
he
did
it
not
.
When
his
man
had
delivered
his
message
to
the
Bishop
,
the
Bishop
held
his
peace
which
being
related
to
Master
Gilpin
,
he
said
,
Silence
argues
consent
,
and
so
went
on
in
his
journey
.
But
so
soon
as
the
Bishop
heard
of
it
,
The
Bishop
suspends
him
.
which
Master
Gilpin
at
his
returne
much
wondred
at
.
Shortly
after
the
Bishop
sent
to
him
to
warm
him
to
meet
him
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Clergy
at
Chester
;
whither
Master
Gilpin
went
:
and
when
the
Bishop
and
the
Clergy
were
all
met
in
the
Church
,
he
said
to
Master
Gilpin
,
Requires
him
to
preach
on
a
sudden
.
Sir
,
I
must
have
you
preach
to
day
:
Master
Gilpin
desired
to
be
excused
,
because
he
was
unprovided
,
and
for
that
he
was
suspended
.
But
(
saith
the
Bishop
)
I
free
you
from
that
suspension
.
Yet
Master
Gilpin
replied
,
That
he
durst
not
go
up
into
the
pulpit
unprovided
.
His
modest
answer
.
You
are
never
unprovided
(
saith
the
Bishop
)
you
have
such
an
habit
of
preaching
.
Master
Gilpin
stil
stiffly
refused
,
saying
,
That
God
was
not
so
to
be
tempted
,
&c.
Whereupon
the
Bishop
commanded
him
to
goe
into
the
Pulpit
forthwith
.
Well
Sir
(
said
Master
Gilpin
)
since
it
must
be
so
,
your
Lordships
wil
be
done
;
and
so
after
a
little
pause
,
went
up
,
and
began
his
Sermon
,
and
though
he
saw
some
extraordinarily
prepared
to
write
this
Sermon
,
yet
hee
proceeded
in
his
application
to
reprove
the
enormities
in
that
Diocesse
.
He
preaches
boldly
.
And
now
(
saith
hee
)
Reverend
Father
,
my
speech
must
be
directed
unto
you
;
His
zeal
.
God
hath
exalted
you
,
and
will
require
an
account
of
your
government
;
a
reformation
of
what
s
amisse
in
the
Church
is
required
at
your
hands
,
&c.
neither
can
you
henceforth
plead
ignorance
,
for
behold
I
bring
these
things
to
your
knowledge
this
day
,
and
therefore
what
evils
you
shall
ei●ther
doe
your self
,
or
suffer
by
your
connivance
hereafter
,
you
make
it
your
own
,
&c.
His
friends
hearing
him
thunder
out
these
things
,
much
feared
what
would
become
of
him
:
And
after
Sermon
,
some
of
them
told
him
with
tears
,
That
now
the
Bishop
had
that
advantage
against
him
which
hee
had
long
looked
for
,
&c.
To
whom
he
answered
,
Be
not
affraid
,
the
Lord
God
over-ruleth
all
,
His
pions
resolution
.
and
if
God
may
bee
glorified
,
and
his
Truth
propagated
,
Gods
will
be
done
concerning
me
.
After
they
had
dined
together
(
all
men
expecting
the
issue
of
this
businesse
)
Master
Gilpin
went
to
take
his
leave
of
the
Bishop
.
Nay
(
said
the
Bishop
)
I
will
bring
you
home
,
and
so
went
along
with
him
to
his
house
,
and
walking
there
together
in
a
Parlour
,
the
Bishop
took
him
by
the
hand
,
saying
Father
Gilpin
.
I
acknowledge
you
are
fitter
to
be
Bishop
of
Durham
,
then
my self
to
be
Parson
of
your
Church
:
I
ask
forgiveness
for
Errors
past
:
Gods
mercy
.
The
Bishop
aske●h
him
forgiven●e
,
Forgive
me
,
Father
,
I
know
you
have
hatched
up
some
chickens
that
now
seek
to
pick
out
your
eyes
;
but
be
sure
so
long
as
I
am
bishop
of
Durham
,
no
man
shall
injure
you
:
Master
Gilpin
,
and
his
friends
,
much
rejoyced
that
God
had
so
over-ruled
things
,
that
that
which
was
purposed
for
his
disgrace
,
should
turn
to
his
greater
credit
.
His
body
being
quite
worn
out
with
pains-taking
,
at
last
feeling
before
hand
the
approach
of
death
,
Prepar●tion
so
death
.
hee
commanded
,
the
poor
to
be
called
together
,
unto
whom
he
made
a
speech
,
and
tooke
his
leave
of
them
.
He
did
the
like
also
to
others
,
made
many
exhortations
to
the
Scholars
,
to
his
servants
,
and
to
divers
others
,
and
so
at
the
last
he
fell
asleep
in
the
Lord
,
His
death
.
March
the
fourth
,
Anno
Christi
1583.
and
of
his
Age
,
sixty
six
.
Hee
was
tall
of
stature
,
slender
,
and
hawk-nosed
;
his
clothes
not
costly
,
His
Character
.
but
frugall
in
things
that
belonged
to
his
own
body
;
bountifull
in
things
that
tended
to
the
good
of
others
,
especially
,
of
the
poor
,
and
scholars
.
His
doores
were
still
open
to
the
poor
and
strangers
:
He
boorded
and
kept
in
his
owne
house
four
and
twenty
Scholars
,
most
of
them
poor
mens
sonnes
,
upon
whom
hee
bestowed
meat
,
drink
,
apparel
,
and
learning
.
Having
a
great
Parish
,
he
entertained
them
at
his
Table
by
course
euery
Sabbath
from
Michaelmasse
to
Easten
.
He
bestowed
upon
his
School
,
and
for
stipends
upon
the
School
masters
,
the
full
sum
of
500
pound
,
out
of
which
School
he
supplied
the
Church
of
England
with
great
store
of
Learned
men
.
Hee
was
carefull
not
onely
to
avoyd
evil
,
but
the
least
appearance
of
it
:
Being
full
of
Faith
unfeigned
,
and
of
good
works
;
hee
was
at
last
put
into
his
grave
,
as
an
heap
of
wheat
in
due
time
put
into
the
garner
.
Hallelujah
.
The
Life
of
Zacharie
Ursin
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1583.
ZAcharie
Vrsus
was
borne
in
Vratislavia
,
the
Metropolis
of
Silesia
,
His
birth
and
parentage
.
An.
Christ
.
1584.
of
honest
parents
.
His
Fathers
name
was
Gasper
,
a
Minister
in
Vratislavia
,
who
set
him
to
School
in
the
same
City
,
where
he
quickly
shewed
an
excellent
wit
,
by
which
he
easily
outwent
all
his
schoolfellows
,
and
so
having
perfected
his
Schol-learning
by
that
he
was
16.
yeares
old
,
having
an
ample
,
testimony
from
his
Master
[
Andrew
Winckle
]
he
was
sent
to
Wittenberg
,
An.
Chr.
1552
,
where
he
heard
Melancthon
with
great
diligence
two
years
,
He
goes
to
Wittenberg
.
At
the
end
of
which
time
the
Plague
breaking
forth
there
;
he
retired
with
Melancthon
to
Tergaw
;
A
plague
.
and
after
a
while
having
an
ample
testimony
from
him
.
he
went
thence
into
his
own
Country
for
all
that
Winter
;
but
in
the
spring
hee
returned
to
Wittenberg
,
where
he
spent
five
years
more
in
the
study
of
the
Arts
,
His
return
to
Wittenberg
.
Tongues
,
and
Divinity
.
He
was
very
familiar
with
Melancthon
,
and
much
esteemed
by
many
Learned
men
,
who
flocked
to
that
University
out
of
all
Countries
,
with
whom
also
afterwards
hee
kept
correspondencie
.
Anno
1557
,
he
went
with
Melancthon
to
the
conference
at
Wormes
about
Religion
;
His
travels
.
and
from
thence
he
travelled
to
Marpurg
,
Strasbor●ugh
,
Basil
,
Lansanna
,
and
Geneva
,
where
he
grew
into
familiar
acquaintance
with
many
learned
men
,
especially
with
Calvin
,
who
gave
him
such
bookes
as
he
had
printed
.
From
Geneva
he
went
into
France
to
Lions
,
Orleance
,
and
Paris
,
where
he
perfected
his
skill
in
the
Hebrew
under
the
learned
Mercerus
.
In
his
return
he
went
to
Zurick
,
where
hee
acquainted
himself
with
the
learned
men
,
and
so
to
Tubing
,
Ulme
,
Nerinberg
,
and
from
thence
to
his
old
Master
Melancthon
.
Anno
1558
hee
was
sent
for
by
the
Senate
of
Uratislave
(
which
was
his
native
place
)
to
govern
the
school
in
that
City
,
He
is
sent
for
into
his
own
country
.
where
,
besides
his
Lectures
in
the
Arts
and
Tongues
,
he
was
employed
in
the
explication
of
Melancthons
book
of
the
Ordination
of
Ministers
;
His
enemies
.
upon
which
occasion
he
declared
his
judgement
about
the
Sacrament
,
and
thereupon
he
was
cried
out
against
for
a
Sacramentarian
.
This
caused
him
to
give
a
publick
account
of
his
Faith
about
the
Doctrine
of
the
Sacraments
,
in
certain
strong
,
Melancthon
encourages
him
and
accurate
propositions
Melancthon
hearing
of
the
opposition
which
hee
met
with
,
wrote
to
him
to
stand
firmely
to
the
truth
,
and
if
he
enjoyed
not
peace
in
that
place
,
to
returne
to
him
again
;
and
to
reserve
himself
for
better
times
.
And
accordingly
Ursin
,
who
naturally
abhorred
brawles
,
and
in
his
judgement
could
not
endure
Ecclesiasticall
contentions
,
He
is
dismissed
.
chose
rather
to
leave
the
place
,
and
therefore
requested
of
the
Senate
that
he
might
be
dismissed
,
and
obtained
his
desire
,
upon
condition
that
whensoever
his
country
and
the
Church
there
had
need
of
him
,
he
should
be
willing
to
return
home
to
them
again
.
This
fell
out
seven
daies
after
the
death
of
Melancthon
,
Anno
Christi
1560.
Ursin
had
a
reverend
man
to
his
Uncle
,
called
Albert
Roth
,
who
asked
him
whither
hee
would
goe
?
To
whom
he
answered
thus
,
His
Resolution
.
Truly
I
doe
not
goe
unwillingly
out
of
my
own
country
,
seeing
they
will
not
admit
of
my
confession
of
the
Truth
,
which
with
a
good
conscience
I
could
not
omit
.
And
if
my
worthy
Master
Melancthon
were
now
living
,
I
would
goe
to
none
but
him
:
But
since
he
is
dead
,
I
will
goe
to
Zurick
;
which
though
it
be
not
esteemed
here
,
yet
in
other
Churches
it
is
very
famous
;
for
there
are
such
godly
,
learned
,
and
eminent
men
,
that
they
cannot
be
obseured
by
our
Preachers
,
and
with
them
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
I
hope
to
live
with
much
comfort
.
And
thus
hee
left
his
Country
,
to
the
great
grief
of
the
godly
,
whom
he
had
instructed
and
confirmed
in
the
Orthodox
Truth
.
From
Uratislavia
hee
went
to
Wittenberg
,
where
he
was
received
by
the
Professors
with
great
joy
,
and
who
would
have
chosen
him
into
their
number
;
He
goes
to
Zurick
.
but
hee
refused
,
and
so
went
to
Zurick
,
Anno
1560
,
being
invited
thither
by
Martyr
,
Bullinger
,
Simler
,
Lavater
,
Gualter
,
Gesner
,
and
Frisius
,
who
much
desired
his
company
,
and
wrote
for
him
.
With
these
worthy
men
he
lived
pleasantly
and
comfortably
,
addicting
himselfe
to
the
profit
of
the
Church
,
and
being
a
diligent
attender
upon
Peter
Martyrs
Lectures
,
whereby
hee
much
encreased
his
knowledge
in
Divinity
.
Anno
Christi
1561
there
came
Letters
to
Zurick
from
Thomas
Erastus
,
signifying
that
there
wanted
a
Divinity
Professor
at
Heidleberg
,
and
that
they
desired
supply
from
thence
:
whereupon
the
aforenamed
Divines
knowing
Ursines
fitnesse
,
presently
sent
him
with
their
Letters
of
ample
commendation
both
to
the
Elector
Palatine
,
and
to
the
University
:
Where
he
was
made
governour
of
the
Colledge
of
Sapience
;
He
goes
to
Heidleberg
.
and
by
his
diligence
,
faithfulnesse
,
and
ability
,
got
such
credit
,
that
at
twenty
eight
years
of
age
they
graced
him
with
the
title
of
a
Doctor
in
Divinity
,
He
commencerh
Doctor
.
and
so
hee
supplyed
the
place
of
publick
Professor
to
the
year
1568
,
at
which
time
Zanchy
succeeded
him
.
He
had
for
his
Colleagues
Peter
Boquin
,
and
Immanuel
Tremelius
;
the
latter
Professor
of
the
Old
Testament
,
and
the
former
of
the
New
.
Five
years
Ursin
continued
reading
upon
his
Common
places
,
His
imployment
there
and
certain●y
if
he
had
finished
it
,
it
had
been
exceeding
usefull
to
the
Church
.
And
besides
his
ordinary
Lectures
both
in
the
University
and
Colledge
,
the
godly
Prince
Otho
Frederick
,
seeing
severall
Ministers
using
severall
Catechisms
to
the
prejudice
of
the
Church
,
he
employed
Ursin
in
the
writing
a
Catechism
for
the
Palatinate
;
which
might
be
of
general
use
,
and
accordingly
he
did
,
to
the
great
satisfaction
of
all
.
Anno
1563
,
A
plague
.
there
brake
forth
a
grievous
Pestilence
that
scattered
both
the
Court
and
University
;
yet
Ursin
remained
at
home
,
and
wrote
his
tractates
of
Mortality
,
and
Christian
Consolations
for
the
benefit
of
Gods
people
.
The
same
year
presently
after
Ursins
Catechism
was
printed
,
His
adversaries
Flacius
Illiricus
,
Heshusius
,
and
some
others
,
beganne
to
quarrel
at
some
passages
in
it
about
the
Ascension
of
Christ
,
his
Presence
in
the
Sacrament
,
&c.
As
also
to
traduce
the
Reformation
carried
on
in
the
Palatinate
;
but
at
the
command
of
the
Palatine
,
He
defends
the
truth
.
Ursin
did
excellently
justifie
his
Catechism
,
and
defend
the
Truth
to
the
great
satisfaction
of
all
that
read
it
.
Anno
Christi
1564
hee
was
sent
by
the
Elector
to
Malbrun
to
dispute
with
Brentius
and
Smidlin
about
the
Ubiquity
of
Christs
body
,
which
he
confuted
with
such
clear
and
strong
arguments
,
as
that
many
both
Papists
and
Lutherans
were
converted
thereby
.
He
was
so
dear
to
the
Elector
Palatine
,
The
Palatines
great
love
to
him
.
that
when
the
Bernates
,
Anno
1578
,
sent
Aretius
to
Heidleberg
,
to
crave
leave
that
Ursine
might
goe
to
Lausanna
to
be
the
Divinity
Professor
there
,
he
would
by
no
means
part
with
him
,
but
for
his
ease
and
encouragement
to
stay
,
gave
him
leave
to
choose
an
assistant
,
that
so
his
body
might
not
bee
worne
out
with
his
daily
and
excessive
labours
.
Anno
Christi
1572
he
married
a
Wife
,
His
marriage
.
by
whom
he
had
one
sonne
,
that
was
afterwards
a
Minister
,
and
inherited
his
Fathers
virtues
.
Anno
Christi
1574
,
at
the
command
of
the
Elector
Frederick
,
he
made
a
Confession
of
Faith
about
God
,
He
writes
a
Confession
of
Faith
.
the
Person
of
Christ
,
and
the
Supper
of
the
Lord
,
which
was
to
stop
the
mouths
of
some
malitious
wicked
men
,
who
had
scattered
abroad
,
that
in
Heidleberg
they
had
sowed
the
seeds
of
Arianism
,
from
which
error
both
the
Elector
,
and
the
Church
under
him
were
most
free
.
In
these
employments
was
Ursin
busied
,
and
both
Religion
and
Learning
prospered
exceedingly
under
him
,
so
that
he
sent
forth
many
excellent
men
,
who
proved
admirable
instruments
of
Gods
glory
,
and
the
Chuches
good
;
and
this
continued
till
the
year
1577
,
at
which
time
it
pleased
God
to
take
away
that
excellent
Prince
Frederick
,
whereupon
ensued
that
unhappy
change
,
A
change
in
the
Palatinate
.
when
none
were
suffered
to
stay
in
the
Palatinate
except
they
held
the
opinions
of
Luther
in
all
things
.
So
that
Ursin
with
his
Colleague
Kimedontius
were
forced
to
leave
the
University
.
But
hee
could
not
live
a
private
life
long
,
He
is
sent
for
by
P.
Cassimite
for
hee
was
sent
for
by
Prince
John
Cassimire
,
sonne
to
Frederick
,
who
knew
how
usefull
and
profitable
he
would
be
both
to
himself
,
and
the
Churches
under
him
.
About
the
same
time
also
the
Senate
of
Berne
sent
impor●unately
for
him
to
succeed
A
etius
,
or
Basil
●arquard
in
their
University
.
Hee
was
also
earnestly
solicited
by
Musculus
,
Gualter
,
Lavater
,
and
Hortinus
to
accept
of
this
call
;
but
Prince
Cassimire
would
by
no
meanes
part
with
him
,
having
erected
a
University
at
Newstad
,
His
imployment
.
and
chosen
Ursin
and
Zanchy
to
be
the
Divinity
Professors
thereof
.
Whilst
hee
was
thus
employed
,
by
his
excessive
studies
,
and
neglect
of
exercise
,
he
fell
into
a
sicknesse
which
held
him
above
a
year
together
.
After
which
he
returned
to
his
labours
again
,
and
besides
his
Divinity
Lectures
,
read
Logick
in
the
Schools
:
desiring
his
Auditors
to
give
him
what
doubts
and
objections
they
met
with
,
which
upon
study
at
his
next
Lecture
hee
returned
answers
to
:
But
his
continual
watchings
,
care
,
meditations
,
and
writings
,
His
sicknesse
.
cast
him
into
a
Consumption
,
and
other
diseases
,
yet
would
he
not
be
perswaded
to
intermit
his
imployments
,
His
industry
.
till
at
last
he
was
confined
to
his
bed
:
Yet
therein
also
he
was
never
idle
,
but
alwayes
dictating
something
,
Incessant
labors
that
might
conduce
to
the
publick
good
of
the
Church
.
The
hour
of
death
being
come
,
his
friends
standing
by
,
he
quietly
slept
in
the
Lord
,
His
death
.
Anno
Christi
1583
,
and
of
his
Age
fifty
one
.
He
was
very
pious
,
His
Character
.
and
grave
in
his
carriage
,
and
one
that
sought
not
after
great
things
in
this
world
,
refusing
many
gifts
from
Princes
,
and
himself
was
liberall
according
to
his
ability
.
He
was
alwaies
like
himself
,
very
sparing
of
time●
as
appeared
by
these
verses
set
over
his
study
door
.
Amice
,
quisquis
huc
venis
:
Aut
agito
paucis
,
aut
abi
:
Aut
me
laborantem
adjuva
.
He
wrote
Commentarium
do
mortalitate
,
His
Works
.
&
consolationibus
Christianis
.
Admonitionem
Neustadianam
:
Epigrammata
ad
Jo.
Frisium
After
his
death
his
Son
,
and
Doctor
Pareus
,
and
Quirinus
his
Scholars
,
published
divers
other
of
his
Workes
,
which
are
printed
in
three
Tomes
.
The
Life
of
Abraham
Bucholtzer
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1584.
ABraham
Bucholtzer
was
born
at
Schovavium
,
His
birth
and
education
.
of
a
very
ancient
and
honourable
Family
,
Anno
Christi
1529
,
and
from
his
infancy
was
brought
up
by
his
Parents
in
Religion
and
Learning
.
When
he
was
first
set
forth
to
School
,
he
profited
to
admiration
,
outstripping
all
his
Schoolfellowes
by
his
acute
wit
and
industry
.
And
being
well
principled
at
School
,
He
goes
to
Wittenberg
.
he
went
to
the
Universities
,
first
of
Franckfurt
,
then
of
Wittenberg
:
Accounting
it
his
great
happinesse
,
that
he
was
born
after
the
light
of
the
Gospel
brake
forth
,
and
bred
up
under
Melancthon
,
upon
whose
Lectures
he
attended
diligently
,
and
sucked
in
from
him
not
onely
the
principles
of
Learning
,
but
of
Religion
also
.
He
was
exceeding
industrious
in
seeking
Learning
,
attent
in
hearing
Lectures
,
diligent
and
swift
in
writing
what
was
spoken
by
Melancthon
.
About
that
time
there
sprang
up
many
errors
,
and
much
contention
was
raised
in
the
Church
of
God
about
things
indifferent
,
the
necessity
of
Good
Works
,
Essentiall
Righteousness
&c.
But
by
the
help
of
Melanethon
he
was
able
both
to
discover
and
confute
them
.
There
also
he
studied
Greek
and
Hebrew
.
When
hee
was
six
and
twenty
years
of
age
(
being
now
His
travels
.
well
grounded
in
the
knowledge
of
the
Arts
and
Tongues
)
hee
went
from
thence
into
Silesia
to
visit
his
friends
,
and
to
see
the
chiefest
Cities
,
and
whilst
hee
was
there
,
the
Senate
of
Grunberg
consulted
about
the
erecting
of
a
School
in
that
City
,
He
goes
to
Grunberg
.
and
for
the
advancement
of
the
same
,
they
chose
Bucholtzer
to
bee
the
Master
thereof
,
and
sent
to
him
by
Luke
Cunon
,
who
was
their
Pastor
,
desiring
him
to
undertake
that
office
.
Hereupon
hee
asked
Melancthons
advice
,
who
much
encouraged
him
to
accept
of
the
place
,
saying
,
Quantum
solatium
est
pio
paedagogo
,
assidentibus
castis
angelis
,
sedere
in
coetu
incontaminato
juniorum
qui
Deo
placent
,
&
docere
tenera
ingenia
ut
rectè
agnoscant
,
&
invocent
Deum
,
ut
deinde
organa
fiant
utilia
Ecclesiae
,
&
suis
animabus
?
Upon
his
advice
therefore
hee
went
thither
Anno
Christi
1556
,
and
by
his
excellent
abilities
and
diligence
quickly
made
that
place
(
which
before
was
obscure
)
to
become
famous
:
Scholars
resorting
to
him
from
all
parts
,
He
made
excellent
scholars
.
whom
hee
bred
up
both
in
Religion
,
and
Learning
,
and
fitted
them
so
excellently
for
the
Universitie
,
that
Melancthon
never
questioned
any
that
came
from
his
School
,
saying
,
Hoc
se
persuasum
sibi
habere
,
rudes
&
impolitos
esse
non
posse
,
qui
à
politissimi
judicii
homine
Abrahamo
Bucholtzero
essent
informati
:
That
he
was
verily
perswaded
that
they
could
not
be
rude
,
or
unfitted
for
the
University
that
came
from
under
the
tuition
of
Abraham
Bucholtzer
,
who
himself
was
a
man
of
so
polite
a
judgement
.
Anno
Christi
1557
,
His
marriage
.
hee
married
a
Wife
,
who
proved
a
great
comfort
to
him
,
and
by
whom
hee
had
many
children
,
whom
hee
tendered
exceedingly
,
and
educated
them
in
the
feare
of
GOD
from
their
very
infancy
:
Hee
grew
so
famous
all
over
Silesia
,
that
many
desired
to
have
him
for
their
Pastor
:
He
is
chosen
Pastor
of
Sprottavia
.
And
at
last
Sprottavia
enjoyed
him
,
where
hee
continued
,
doing
much
good
,
to
Anno
1573
;
At
which
time
Katharine
,
the
Relict
of
Henrie
Duke
of
Brunswick
,
sent
for
him
to
her
Court
,
to
whom
hee
went
,
partly
by
reason
of
his
great
engagements
to
that
Family
,
but
especially
because
hee
enjoyed
not
his
health
in
Sprottavia
.
The
yeare
after
this
pious
Lady
dyed
;
and
then
hee
was
called
to
Eleutheropolis
by
Euphemia
,
the
Wife
of
Sir
Fabian
Belloquert
:
Hee
preached
there
in
the
great
Church
,
to
which
the
Citizens
flocked
exceedingly
,
insomuch
as
when
that
pious
and
illustrious
Ernest
,
Prince
of
Anhalt
sent
for
him
,
and
profered
him
an
honourable
stipend
,
he
refused
to
leave
his
place
.
Hee
had
an
excellent
sweetness
and
dexterity
in
Preaching
,
was
of
a
sound
judgement
and
holy
life
:
Preachers
pattern
.
His
Sermons
were
so
piercing
,
that
he
never
preached
,
but
hee
wrought
wonderfully
upon
the
affections
of
his
hearers
.
If
any
were
cast
downe
under
the
sence
of
sinne
,
and
wrath
,
hee
exceedingly
comforted
them
.
If
any
were
troubled
with
tentations
and
afflictions
,
he
raised
them
up
,
&c.
Hee
had
a
lively
voice
,
lively
eye
,
lively
hand
,
and
such
were
all
his
gestures
.
His
Ministrie
was
so
gratefull
,
that
his
hearers
were
never
wearie
,
or
thought
his
Sermons
too
long
.
He
was
full
of
self-denyall
,
insomuch
as
that
excellent
Lady
,
His
Contentation
.
Katherine
of
Brandenburg
used
to
say
,
That
whereas
all
the
rest
of
her
Courtlers
and
Family
were
alwaies
craving
something
of
her
,
Bucholtzer
on
the
contrary
never
asked
her
for
the
worth
of
a
farthing
;
yea
that
he
refused
gifts
when
they
were
prefered
to
him
,
preferring
kindnesse
before
the
gift
,
and
the
fruit
of
his
Ministry
before
the
reward
of
it
.
He
was
so
humble
,
that
when
his
friends
blamed
him
for
living
in
so
obscure
a
place
whilst
he
taught
Schoole
,
His
humility
.
hee
told
them
that
hee
preferred
it
before
a
Kingdome
.
Hee
could
never
endure
to
heare
himselfe
commended
;
and
if
his
friends
in
their
Letters
had
written
any
thing
to
his
praise
,
hee
could
not
read
it
with
patience
;
sed
terreri
so
laudationibus
illis
tanquam
fulminibus
dicebat
,
qui
nihil
in
se
magni
videret
,
&c.
His
candor
was
such
,
that
hee
never
spake
or
wrote
any
thing
but
from
his
heart
.
His
excellent
virtues
.
Hee
never
read
,
or
heard
any
thing
from
others
,
but
hee
made
a
candid
construction
of
it
.
His
care
in
his
publick
Ministry
was
to
avoid
those
questions
that
doe
but
gender
unto
strife
,
and
to
instruct
his
auditors
how
to
live
well
,
and
die
well
.
Some
blamed
him
of
cowardise
,
for
that
being
endowed
by
God
with
such
excellent
abilities
,
yet
would
he
never
enter
into
the
lists
with
the
frantick
adversaries
of
those
times
:
but
the
true
reason
was
,
because
hee
alwaies
affected
peace
,
having
no
delight
in
wrangling
,
which
caused
him
to
say
to
a
friend
,
Desis
disputare
,
coepi
supputare
:
quoniam
illud
dissipationem
,
hoc
collectionem
significat
.
He
is
an
enemy
to
contentions
.
Besides
,
hee
saw
that
the
greatest
Antagonists
to
the
Churches
peace
,
had
not
so
much
as
one
spark
of
Grace
in
them
:
And
that
there
came
no
profit
,
but
much
hunt
to
the
Church
of
Christ
by
those
continual
quarrels
amongst
Divines
.
Hee
spent
his
spare
hours
in
reading
Ecclesiasticall
,
He
is
a
great
histori●n
.
and
Prophane
Histories
;
and
profited
so
much
thereby
,
that
one
affirmed
in
writing
,
Universam
antiquitatem
in
Bucholtzeri
p●ctuscul●
latuisse
recenditam
;
that
all
Antiquity
lay
hid
in
his
breast
.
He
finding
some
great
errors
in
Funcclus
his
Chronology
,
set
himself
to
write
one
,
which
with
indefatigable
paines
hee
brought
to
perfection
.
His
sicknesse
.
Whilst
he
thus
publickly
,
and
privately
busied
himself
;
he
fell
into
a
grievous
disease
,
and
just
about
the
same
time
he
lost
his
faithful
,
and
beloved
yoake-fellow
,
that
was
the
Mother
of
nine
children
;
but
upon
his
recovery
hee
married
another
,
with
whom
hee
lived
not
long
before
the
Lord
put
an
end
to
all
his
labours
,
and
sorrows
,
His
death
.
Anno
Christi
1584
,
and
of
his
Age
,
fifty
five
.
He
used
often
to
meditate
upon
death
,
His
great
care
to
prepare
for
death
.
and
writing
to
a
friend
in
his
old
age
,
he
had
this
expression
,
It
hath
alwaies
formerly
bee
my
care
in
what
corner
soever
I
have
been
,
to
bee
ready
when
God
called
,
to
say
with
Abraham
,
Behold
my
Lord
here
I
am
:
But
now
above
all
other
things
I
should
be
most
willing
so
to
answer
,
if
he
would
please
to
call
me
out
of
this
miserable
life
into
his
glorious
Kingdome
;
For
truly
I
desire
nothing
so
much
,
as
the
happy
and
blessed
hour
of
death
,
&c.
He
made
his
own
Epitaph
to
be
set
upon
his
Tomb
,
which
was
this
.
Hic
pie
Christe
,
tuo
recubas
quasita
cruere
,
Inque
tuo
gremio
parvula
dermit
ovis
.
Reddidit
hac
animam
balanti
v●ce
fidelem
:
Huic
Pastor
dicas
,
intret
●vile
meum
.
In
his
sicknesse
he
caused
himself
to
be
carried
to
Church
,
His
last
Sermon
.
where
he
preached
his
last
Sermon
,
about
the
blessed
departure
of
a
faithfull
man
out
of
this
life
;
which
he
performed
with
such
excellent
words
,
and
soul-ravishing
affections
,
that
the
Auditors
said
,
Bucholtzer
had
wont
to
exceed
our
other
Preachers
,
but
now
hee
hath
exceeded
himself
.
He
wrote
Chronologicam
Isagogen
.
His
Works
.
Indicem
Chronologicum
,
quem
Scultetus
auxit
.
Catalogum
Consulum
Romanorum
,
&
alia
opuscula
.
Item
de
consolatione
decumbentium
.
De
idea
boni
Pastoris
.
De
concionibus
Funebribus
.
M.
CHEMNICIVS
The
Life
of
Martin
Chemnisius
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1586.
MArtin
Chemnisius
was
born
at
Britza
in
Old
March
,
His
birth
and
Parentage
.
Anno
Christi
1522
,
of
honest
,
but
mean
Parents
,
so
that
his
father
being
poor
,
he
met
with
many
impediments
to
discourage
,
and
hinder
him
in
Learning
,
yet
bearing
a
great
love
to
it
,
by
his
exceeding
industry
he
overcame
all
difficulties
,
His
industry
.
and
after
some
progresse
at
home
,
he
went
to
Magdeburg
,
where
he
studied
the
Tongues
,
and
Arts.
And
from
thence
to
Frankfurt
upon
Oder
,
where
he
studied
Philosophy
under
his
Kinsman
George
Sabin●
,
and
after
hee
had
spent
some
time
there
,
He
goes
to
Wit●enberg
.
he
went
to
Wittenberg
,
where
he
prosecuted
his
former
studies
together
with
the
Mathematicks
,
under
Melancthou
,
and
other
Professors
.
From
thence
he
went
to
Sabinum
in
Borussia
,
where
he
taught
School
,
and
commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
and
Anno
Christi
1552
he
was
made
the
Princes
Library-keeper
,
and
had
a
competent
subsistence
in
the
Court.
At
that
time
he
wholly
applied
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
.
By
reason
of
his
knowledge
and
skill
in
the
Mathematicks
and
Astronomy
,
he
was
very
dear
to
the
Duke
of
Borussia
,
and
for
the
same
cause
John
Marquesse
of
Brandenburg
favoured
him
very
much
:
He
is
much
beloved
.
Yea
by
his
modest
and
sincere
carriage
hee
procured
much
favour
from
the
Courtiers
.
Anno
Christi
1555
,
Chemnistus
being
desirous
after
three
years
stay
in
the
Court
to
return
to
the
Universities
for
the
perfecting
of
his
studies
,
was
rewarded
by
Prince
Albert
with
ample
Letters
of
commendation
,
and
so
dismissed
.
After
which
he
went
again
to
Wittenberg
,
where
he
sojourned
with
Melancthon
,
and
was
imployed
by
him
publickly
to
read
Common
places
.
From
thence
after
a
while
he
was
sent
to
Brunople
in
Saxonie
by
the
Senate
,
He
is
made
Pastor
in
Brunople
.
and
made
Pastor
;
which
place
he
discharged
with
singular
fidelity
and
approbation
for
the
space
of
thirty
years
,
partly
as
Pastor
,
and
partly
as
Superintendent
,
and
commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
at
Rostoch
,
serving
the
Church
with
great
faithfulness
and
commendations
both
by
preaching
and
reading
Lectures
.
Many
Princes
and
Commonwealths
made
use
of
his
advice
and
assistance
in
Ecclesiastical
affairs
.
He
took
great
pains
in
asserting
the
Truth
against
the
adversaries
of
it
;
His
zeal
against
he
eticks
as
his
excellent
Exame●
of
the
Tridentine
Council
shews
.
At
last
being
worn
out
with
study
,
writing
,
preaching
,
&c.
he
resigned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
Anno
Christi
1586
,
and
of
his
age
63.
His
death
.
He
is
said
by
one
to
be
Philosophus
summus
,
Theologus
profundissimus
,
neque
veritatis
,
His
commendation
.
bonarumque
artium
studio
,
neque
laude
officit
facile
cuiquam
secundus
.
His
Workes
are
these
.
His
Works
.
De
origine
Jesuitarum
.
Theologiae
Jesuitarum
praecipua
capita
.
Explicatio
Doctrinae
de
duabus
in
Christo
naturis
.
Fundamenta
sanae
Doctrinae
Enchiridion
de
praecipuis
caelestis
Doctrinae
capitibus
,
De
peccato
Origin
contra
Manichaeos
,
Examen
decretorum
Concilii
Tridentini
.
Concio
de
Baptismo
.
Harmonia
Evangelica
.
The
Life
of
Rodolphus
Gualter
,
who
died
Anno
Christi
1586.
ROdolphus
Gualter
was
born
in
Zurick
An.
His
Bir●h
Christi
1519.
When
he
first
applyed
his
mind
to
the
study
of
humane
Arts
and
Tongue
,
hee
had
such
an
happy
wit
,
that
he
was
inferiour
to
none
of
his
fellows
in
Poetry
and
Oratory
;
His
proficiency
.
and
being
afterwards
admitted
into
the
University
;
he
became
famous
,
first
for
his
knowledge
in
the
Arts
,
and
afterwards
of
Divinity
.
He
is
Pastor
in
Zurick
.
He
was
chosen
Pastor
in
that
City
where
first
he
drew
his
vitall
breath
;
neither
were
which
chose
him
deceived
in
their
expectation
;
for
he
proved
an
admirable
instrument
of
Gods
glory
,
and
their
good
,
discharging
his
place
with
fingular
industry
,
His
diligence
.
diligence
,
and
fidelity
,
not
onely
by
his
frequent
publick
preaching
,
but
by
his
learned
private
writings
,
as
his
Homilies
upon
much
of
the
Old
,
and
New
Testament
do
sufficiently
declare
.
And
having
governed
,
and
sed
that
Church
for
above
forty
years
together
,
His
Death
.
he
died
in
a
good
old
age
,
Anno
Christi
1586
,
and
of
his
Life
seventie
four
.
Scripsit
Homilias
in
Johannis
Epistolas
.
In
can●cum
Zachariae
.
De
Nativitate
,
pueritia
,
&
educatione
Domini
.
De
servitnte
peccati
,
&
libertate
fidelium
.
De
origine
,
prastantia
,
&
authoritate
S.
Scripturae
.
In
12
Prophetas
minores
.
In
Ma●thaum
,
Marcum
,
Lucam
,
Johannem
,
Acta
Apostol.
Epist.
ad
Romanes
,
ad
Corinthios
,
ad
Galatas
.
In
Esaiam
.
With
many
other
Works
,
set
down
by
Verheiden
.
The
Life
of
Ludovicus
Lavater
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1586.
LUdovicus
Lavator
was
born
in
Zurick
,
His
Bir●h
and
Education
.
a
famous
City
of
the
Helvetians
;
and
having
drunk
in
the
first
Rudiments
of
Learning
,
became
famous
by
his
diligence
in
the
Schooles
,
and
his
excellent
wit
,
insomuch
as
Bullinger
gave
his
daughter
in
marriage
to
him
.
And
(
though
a
Prophet
be
not
without
honour
but
in
his
own
country
,
He
is
chosen
Pastor
in
Zurick
.
yet
)
was
he
chosen
a
Pastor
in
that
City
,
and
made
a
Lecturer
in
the
Schooles
,
and
hee
taught
and
illustrated
both
faithfully
by
his
Ministry
and
Writings
.
He
published
manys
his
Father-in-law
Bullingers
Works
:
And
having
spent
himelf
in
the
Work
of
the
Lord
,
and
service
of
his
Church
,
His
death
.
he
quietly
resigned
up
his
spirit
into
the
hands
of
his
heavenly
Father
,
Anno
Christi
1586.
He
wrote
Commentaries
upon
Joshuah
,
His
Works
.
both
books
of
the
Chronicles
,
Ruth
,
Ester
,
Job
,
Proverbs
,
and
Ezekiel
:
Besides
his
Historia
de
ortu
,
&
progressu
controversiae
Sacramentariae
,
&
Tractatus
de
spectris
,
lemuribus
,
fragoribus
,
variisque
,
praesagitionibus
,
quae
plerumque
obitum
hominum
,
&
magnas
clades
praecedunt
.
With
divers
others
mentioned
in
particular
by
Verheiden
.
GAS.
OLEVIAN
.
The
Life
of
Gaspar
Olevian
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1587.
GAspar
Olevian
was
born
in
Trevir
Anno
Christi
,
1536.
His
birth
and
education
.
His
Fathers
name
was
Gerhard
,
a
Baker
in
that
City
,
and
Master
of
his
Company
;
but
this
Gasper
was
carefully
brought
up
in
learning
by
his
Grandfather
,
who
set
him
to
severall
Schooles
in
that
City
,
and
at
thirteen
years
old
hee
was
sent
to
Paris
to
study
the
Civill
Law
;
He
studies
Law
.
from
thence
also
hee
went
to
the
Universities
of
Orleance
and
Biturg
,
where
hee
heard
the
most
famous
Lawyers
of
those
times
.
He
joyned
himself
also
to
the
Congregation
of
Protestants
which
met
privately
together
in
both
those
Cities
.
In
Biturg
he
was
admitted
into
the
Order
of
Lawyers
,
after
the
solemn
manner
of
the
University
,
being
made
Doctor
Anno
Christi
1557.
He
is
made
Doctor
.
About
which
time
there
studyed
in
that
Universitie
under
Nicholas
Judex
,
the
young
Prince
Palatine
,
sonne
to
Frederick
the
third
,
afterwards
Elector
:
And
Olevian
being
very
intimate
with
Judex
,
went
one
day
after
dinner
to
the
River
Lieg
hard
by
the
City
,
together
with
him
,
and
the
young
Prince
;
and
when
they
came
thither
,
they
found
some
young
Noble
Germans
that
were
students
there
,
going
into
a
boat
,
who
desired
the
Prince
and
his
Tutor
to
goe
over
the
River
with
them
:
But
Olevian
perceiving
that
they
had
drunk
too
freely
,
diswaded
them
from
venturing
themselves
amongst
them
;
which
counsell
the
Prince
and
his
Tutor
neglecting
,
A
heavy
judgement
.
went
into
the
boat
,
and
putting
from
the
bank
,
the
drunken
young
men
beganne
so
to
thrust
and
justle
one
another
,
that
at
last
they
overthrew
the
boat
,
where
they
were
all
drowned
.
But
Judex
being
skilfull
in
swimming
caught
the
young
Prince
,
hoping
to
save
him
,
but
being
unable
to
draw
him
with
him
,
they
both
sunk
.
Olevian
standing
on
the
bank
,
and
seeing
this
sad
spectacle
,
leapt
into
the
water
to
try
if
he
could
help
them
;
but
at
first
he
stuck
in
the
mud
and
water
up
to
the
chin
,
where
he
despaired
of
his
owne
life
.
In
that
danger
he
prayed
unto
God
,
and
vowed
,
A
vow
.
that
if
God
would
deliver
him
,
he
would
preach
the
Gospel
to
his
own
Citizens
,
if
he
should
be
called
thereunto
.
At
which
time
it
pleased
God
,
that
a
footman
of
one
of
the
Noblemens
,
Gods
mercy
:
coming
to
the
River
side
,
and
seeing
Olevian
,
caught
him
by
the
head
(
thinking
that
it
had
been
his
own
Master
)
and
drew
him
out
:
whereupon
Olevian
being
delivered
by
such
a
speciall
providence
,
together
with
the
Law
studied
Divinity
,
Hestudies
Divinity
.
especially
reading
over
the
Sacred
Scriptures
with
Calvins
Commentaries
upon
them
.
After
a
while
returning
to
Trevir
,
he
was
reteined
to
plead
causes
at
Law
;
but
seeing
the
great
deceit
in
that
calling
,
and
the
frequent
perverting
of
Justice
,
he
gave
it
over
;
and
that
he
might
performe
his
Vow
,
wholly
set
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
;
and
went
to
Geneva
,
and
after
to
Zurick
,
where
he
sojourned
with
Bullinger
,
and
was
much
holpen
by
Martyr
and
Bullinger
in
his
studies
,
He
goes
to
Zurick
.
before
whom
also
he
used
privately
to
preach
for
his
exercise
.
But
before
this
as
he
was
going
to
Geneva
,
taking
ship
at
Lausanna
,
Mr.
Farrel
hapned
to
be
with
him
in
the
ship
,
who
in
discourse
asked
him
,
Whether
ever
he
had
preached
in
his
owne
Country
?
Olevian
told
him
that
he
had
not
;
then
did
Master
Farrell
perswade
him
to
doe
it
so
soon
as
he
could
;
and
he
accordingly
promised
that
he
would
.
Whilst
he
was
busying
himself
in
his
studies
at
Geneva
,
the
Church
of
Metis
wanting
a
Minister
,
applyed
themselves
to
the
Presbytery
of
Geneva
for
a
supply
.
The
Presbytery
nominated
two
,
Olevian
,
and
Peter
Colonius
:
But
Olevian
excused
himself
,
partly
because
he
had
engaged
himself
by
vow
to
the
service
of
the
Church
in
his
owne
Country
,
and
partly
because
he
had
faithfully
promised
Farrel
to
doe
the
same
.
Master
Calvin
was
satisfied
with
this
answer
,
exhorting
him
to
performe
what
he
had
thus
resolved
on
.
Therefore
Anno
Christi
1559.
he
returned
to
Trevir
,
His
return
to
Trevir
.
where
he
was
exceeding
kindly
entertained
by
the
Senators
,
his
kinsmen
,
friends
,
and
by
his
brother
Frederick
a
Doctor
of
Physick
:
and
the
Consull
and
Senators
presently
requested
him
to
undertake
the
worke
of
teaching
a
School
in
that
City
,
He
is
called
to
teach
a
School
and
for
his
encouragement
allowed
him
a
stipend
.
Accordingly
he
applyed
himselfe
to
explicating
the
precepts
of
Melancthons
Logick
,
His
faithfulnes
.
illustrated
by
many
Theologicall
examples
,
whereby
he
gott
opportunity
of
opening
the
sound
doctrine
of
the
Gospel
to
his
hearers
:
which
as
soon
as
the
Canons
heard
of
,
they
first
suspended
him
from
the
office
of
teaching
,
and
afterwards
shut
up
the
School
against
him
.
Sathans
malice
.
Then
the
Senate
appointed
him
to
preach
in
an
Hospitall
,
where
after
he
had
preached
a
while
,
He
preaches
in
an
hospitall
.
his
adversaries
suborned
a
Priest
to
step
up
into
the
pulpit
before
him
;
but
as
soon
as
the
people
saw
the
Priest
,
they
called
to
him
to
come
down
,
for
that
they
would
not
hear
him
.
Olevian
desired
them
to
hear
him
,
promising
that
so
soon
as
he
had
done
his
Sermon
he
wou'd
preach
himself
:
yet
they
would
not
endure
it
;
but
made
a
great
stir
,
so
that
the
poor
Priest
thought
that
he
should
have
been
pulled
in
pieces
by
them
:
But
Olevian
comforted
him
,
and
entreating
the
people
to
be
quiet
,
took
the
Priest
by
the
hand
,
and
led
him
forth
safely
;
and
going
into
the
pulpit
himselfe
,
he
asked
the
Auditory
,
whether
for
fear
of
further
danger
they
would
have
him
to
intermit
that
Sermon
,
The
peoples
zeal
.
or
whether
he
should
go
forward
according
to
his
former
course
?
the
people
lifting
up
their
hands
,
cryed
to
him
,
Yea
,
yea
,
Wee
desire
thee
for
Gods
sake
to
preach
unto
us
.
For
this
cause
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Trevir
imprisoned
the
two
Consuls
,
The
Arch-bishops
malice
.
and
eight
more
of
the
Senators
for
ten
weeks
space
,
who
desired
Olevian
to
come
to
them
to
instruct
and
comfort
them
,
which
accordingly
he
did
.
Then
were
they
commanded
to
appear
in
judgement
,
where
their
charge
consisted
of
many
heads
;
whereupon
they
requested
fourteen
days
time
to
put
in
their
answer
,
but
that
was
denyed
,
and
onely
two
daies
assigned
.
In
which
time
they
sent
privily
to
Frederick
Elector
Palatine
,
to
Wolphgang
Duke
of
Bip●nt
,
and
to
the
Senate
of
Strasborough
,
acquainting
them
with
their
case
,
and
entreating
their
seasonable
assistance
.
They
therefore
immediately
sent
post
to
forbid
the
further
proceedings
at
Law
;
The
prisoners
release
.
and
at
last
obtained
that
they
were
all
set
at
liberty
.
And
the
Ambassadors
for
the
Palatine
invited
Olevian
to
goe
along
with
them
,
and
accordingly
took
him
to
Heidleberg
,
He
goes
to
Heidleberg
.
Anno
Christ●
1560.
As
soon
as
hee
came
thither
the
Elector
made
him
Master
of
the
Colledg
of
Sapience
,
which
he
underwent
for
about
a
year
and
a
half
.
His
marriage
.
About
this
time
he
married
a
Wife
,
and
commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
,
and
was
made
Professor
of
Divinity
in
that
University
.
Also
at
the
importunity
of
the
Counsellors
of
State
he
was
chosen
to
the
work
of
the
Ministry
first
in
Peters
Church
,
He
is
chosen
Pastor
.
and
afterwards
in
the
Church
of
the
Holy
Ghost
;
which
places
he
carefully
and
holily
discharged
,
til
the
death
of
the
Elector
Frederick
the
third
,
which
was
Anno
Christi
1576.
A
few
daies
after
whose
death
hee
was
called
to
Berleburg
by
Lodowick
Count
Witgenstein
,
where
he
preached
,
He
is
called
to
Berleburg
.
and
instructed
some
Noble
mens
sonns
in
the
principles
of
Divinity
,
and
in
the
Arts
and
Tongues
.
Anno
Christi
1584
he
was
called
by
John
of
Nassau
to
Herborn
,
And
to
Herborn
.
where
he
preached
and
taught
a
School
three
yeares
,
which
was
erected
by
the
perswasion
and
counsell
of
Olevian
.
Anno
Christi
1587
hee
fell
into
a
mortal
sickness
,
His
sicknesse
.
which
(
notwithstanding
all
meanes
of
cure
)
daily
grew
upon
him
,
and
so
weakned
him
,
that
at
last
hee
quietly
resigned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
.
In
his
sicknesse
he
made
his
Will
,
Preparat●on
for
death
.
and
by
pious
and
holy
meditations
prepared
himself
for
death
.
Being
visited
by
L●dowick
Witgenstein
,
and
John
of
Nassau
,
he
told
them
,
That
by
that
sickness
he
had
learned
to
know
the
greatnesse
of
sin
,
and
the
greatness
of
Gods
Majesty
more
then
ever
he
did
before
.
And
a
while
after
when
the
Counts
two
sons
,
John
and
George
came
to
visit
him
,
he
exhorted
them
carefully
to
preserve
brotherly
love
,
to
carry
on
and
perfect
the
business
about
the
School
,
to
be
liberal
and
mercifull
to
the
poor
,
and
obedient
to
their
Father
.
The
next
day
John
Piscator
coming
to
visit
him
,
hee
told
him
,
A
sweat
dream
.
That
the
day
before
for
four
hours
together
he
was
filled
with
ineffable
joy
,
so
that
he
wondred
why
his
wife
should
ask
him
whether
he
were
not
something
better
,
whereas
indeed
hee
could
never
be
better
:
For
(
said
he
)
I
thought
that
I
was
in
a
most
pleasant
meddow
,
Ioy
unspeakable
.
in
which
as
I
walked
up
and
down
,
me
thought
that
I
was
besprinkled
with
a
heavenly
dew
,
and
that
not
sparingly
,
but
plentifully
powred
down
,
whereby
both
my
body
and
soul
were
filled
with
ineffable
joy
:
To
whom
Piscator
said
,
That
good
Shepherd
Iesus
Christ
led
thee
into
fresh
pastures
.
Yea
,
said
Olevian
,
To
the
springs
of
living
waters
.
Afterwards
having
repeated
some
sentences
full
of
comfort
out
of
Psalm
42.
Isa.
9
,
and
Matth.
11.
and
other
places
of
Scripture
;
hee
often
repeated
,
I
would
not
have
my
journey
to
God
long
deferred
.
I
desire
to
be
dissolved
,
and
to
be
with
my
Christ
.
He
commended
to
the
Senate
the
care
of
the
poor
by
his
Deacon
Iames
Alstede
;
giving
directions
what
he
would
have
done
with
his
writings
after
his
death
.
And
then
he
gave
his
hand
&
farewel
to
his
Colleagues
,
and
friends
;
and
when
he
was
in
the
Agony
of
death
,
Alstedius
asking
him
,
whether
he
was
sure
of
his
salvation
in
Christ
,
&c.
His
death
.
He
answered
,
Most
sure
;
and
so
he
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
Anno
Christi
1587
,
and
of
his
age
51.
His
Works
are
these
:
Concio
de
Abrahami
fide
,
&
obedientia
.
De
coena
Domini
.
His
Works
.
Admonitio
de
Eucharistia
.
Tabula
de
Ministerio
Verbi
Dei
&
Sacramentis
.
Expositio
Symboli
Apostolici
.
Epitome
Institutionum
Calvini
.
Notae
in
Epist.
ad
Galatas
.
Notae
in
Evangelia
.
Dialect
.
lib.
2.
Bezae
in
Epist.
ad
Rom.
Gal.
Phil.
&
Col.
notae
ex
Oleviani
concionibus
excerptae
.
The
Life
of
John
Wigandus
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1587.
JOhn
Wigandus
was
born
in
Mansfield
Anno
Christi
1523
,
His
birth
and
education
.
of
honest
parents
of
a
middle
rank
,
who
carefully
brought
him
up
in
Learning
,
which
naturally
he
was
much
addicted
unto
;
having
an
excellent
wit
,
and
firm
memorie
,
so
that
having
profited
much
at
School
,
he
went
to
the
University
of
Wittenberg
,
He
goes
to
Wittenberg
.
where
he
continued
about
three
yeares
;
which
time
hee
spent
in
the
study
of
the
Arts
and
Tongues
,
which
night
and
day
he
imploied
himselfe
in
.
In
that
place
he
had
excellent
and
faithfull
Masters
,
who
were
Professors
of
all
the
Arts.
And
for
Divinity
he
attended
the
Lectures
of
Luther
,
heard
his
Disputations
and
Sermons
,
His
diligence
.
as
also
Melancthons
,
who
was
both
an
excellent
Divine
and
Philosopher
.
He
contracted
friendship
with
Cruciger
;
heard
the
Sermons
of
J.
Jo●as
;
attended
the
Greek
Lectures
of
Dr
Vitus
.
He
had
for
his
private
instructor
Joh
Marcellus
,
a
godly
,
and
learned
man
.
He
frequented
also
the
Lectures
of
Law
and
Physick
.
Anno
Christi
1541
,
by
the
advice
of
his
Tutors
and
friends
,
he
went
to
Norinberg
,
He
goes
to
No●enberg
.
where
hee
was
made
Master
of
Saint
Laurences
School
,
and
for
three
yeares
exercised
himselfe
with
much
diligence
in
instructing
youth
,
in
which
time
he
heard
the
excellent
Sermons
of
Andreas
Osiander
,
Vitus
,
Theodorus
,
and
Thomas
Venatorius
,
very
learned
,
and
eloquent
Divines
.
But
having
an
earnest
desire
to
perfect
his
own
studies
,
he
returned
to
Wittenberg
again
,
Luther
being
yet
living
.
There
he
commenced
Master
of
Arts
before
hee
was
two
and
twenty
years
old
,
His
return
to
Wit●enberg
.
and
applyed
himselfe
wholly
to
the
study
of
Divinity
:
But
the
Wars
waxing
hot
,
the
Emperour
placed
a
Garrison
in
the
Castle
and
Town
of
Wittenberg
,
and
the
students
were
driven
away
from
thence
.
At
which
time
Wigand
was
called
to
Mansfield
(
his
own
country
)
to
bee
an
assistant
to
their
ancient
Pastor
,
He
is
called
to
Mansfield
.
Martin
Seligman
;
where
also
he
was
ordained
Minister
by
Prayer
,
and
imposition
of
hands
,
by
John
Spangenberg
the
Superintendent
;
which
was
the
first
Ordination
in
that
place
after
the
banishing
of
Popery
,
He
is
ordained
Minister
.
and
their
embracing
the
truth
of
the
Gospel
.
That
Function
hee
discharged
with
much
fidelity
and
industry
;
and
knowing
the
Schooles
to
bee
the
seminaries
both
of
the
Church
and
State
,
he
read
Logick
and
Philosophy
to
the
youth
.
During
which
time
,
at
the
request
of
the
superintendent
Spangenberg
,
He
answers
a
Papist
.
he
wrote
a
confutation
of
the
Popish
Catechism
of
Ments
,
written
by
Michael
Sidonius
,
which
answer
was
afterwards
printed
in
Latine
and
Dutch
.
He
wrote
also
a
Confutation
of
George
Major
,
His
great
pains
who
held
that
a
man
by
Faith
only
is
justified
,
but
not
saved
,
&c.
He
delighted
exceedingly
in
a
Garden
,
and
in
observing
the
wisdome
of
God
in
the
nature
,
shape
,
and
various
colours
of
hearbs
and
flowers
for
which
end
he
gat
the
greatest
variety
of
them
that
possibly
he
could
into
his
Garden
.
He
delights
in
a
Garden
.
H●e
was
one
of
those
that
strongly
opposed
the
Interim
.
Anno
Christi
1553
hee
was
chosen
by
them
of
Madgeburg
to
be
their
Superintendent
,
His
remove
to
Madgeburg
.
but
the
Earl
of
Mansfield
and
the
people
,
strongly
opposed
his
remove
from
them
;
yet
at
last
by
the
means
of
the
Prince
of
Anhalt
,
they
consented
unto
it
.
At
Magdeburg
he
tooke
excessive
pains
in
reading
,
writing
,
meditating
and
preaching
,
Conversion
of
Priests
.
whereby
hee
converted
many
Popish
Priests
in
those
parts
to
the
Truth
.
He
also
took
great
pains
in
writing
the
Magdeburgenses
Centuries
,
which
he
,
together
with
Mathew
Judex
,
The
Authors
of
the
Madgeburgenses
.
Flacius
Illiricns
,
Basil
Faber
,
Andrew
Corvinus
,
and
Thomas
Holthuterus
finished
to
the
great
benefit
of
the
Church
:
Of
which
booke
Sturmius
gave
this
Testimony
,
that
it
was
necessary
,
and
profitable
,
and
had
these
four
virtues
in
it
,
viz
veritatem
,
diligentiam
,
ordinem
,
perspicuitatem
:
Truth
,
Diligence
,
Ord●r
,
and
Perspicuity
.
Anno
Christi
1560
,
His
remove
to
Jenes
.
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
having
begunne
a
University
at
Jenes
,
sent
earnestly
to
Wigand
to
come
thither
to
be
the
Divinity
Professor
,
which
for
weighty
reasons
hee
assented
unto
,
and
performed
that
office
with
much
acceptance
of
all
that
heard
him
;
yet
by
the
subtilty
and
malice
of
one
Stosselius
he
was
dismissed
from
that
place
,
His
return
to
Magdeburg
.
and
so
returned
to
Madgeburg
again
:
But
not
staying
there
,
hee
was
chosen
to
bee
the
Superintendent
at
Wismare
,
His
remove
to
Wismare
.
Anno
Christi
1562
,
where
hee
imployed
himself
wholly
in
preaching
,
disputing
,
expounding
Scripture
,
and
governing
the
Church
.
Anno
Christi
1563
hee
commenced
Doctor
of
Divinity
in
the
University
of
Rostoch
.
His
commenceth
Doctor
.
He
stayed
at
Wismare
seven
yeares
,
at
the
end
whereof
,
John
William
,
Duke
of
Saxony
,
sent
for
him
again
to
Jenes
;
but
the
Duke
of
Megapole
would
by
no
meanes
part
with
him
;
Peoples
love
to
their
Pastor
.
yet
at
last
,
after
severall
Embassies
,
the
Duke
of
Saxonie
prevailed
that
he
should
come
for
one
year
to
Jenes
:
His
people
parted
with
him
very
unwillingly
,
with
many
sighs
and
teares
,
and
at
the
yeares
end
sent
for
him
back
again
,
but
could
by
no
means
obtaine
his
returne
.
He
was
not
only
made
the
Professor
of
Divinity
at
Jenes
,
but
the
Superintendent
also
.
Anno
Christi
1570
he
went
with
his
Prince
to
the
Diet
at
Spire
,
and
at
his
return
to
Jenes
was
received
with
great
joy
:
But
after
five
years
Duke
John
William
dying
,
he
was
againe
driven
from
thence
,
and
went
to
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
,
who
entertained
him
kindly
:
He
is
called
into
Borussia
.
But
presently
after
hee
was
called
into
Borussia
,
to
bee
the
Divinity
Professor
in
the
University
of
Regiomontanum
,
and
after
two
years
was
chosen
to
be
Bishop
there
.
Anno
Christi
1587
,
His
sicknesse
.
he
fell
sick
,
especially
upon
grief
,
conceived
for
the
afflicted
condition
of
the
Church
in
Poland
,
and
the
death
of
his
deare
friend
John
Wedman
,
an
excellent
Divine
.
Preparat●on
for
death
.
This
disease
encreasing
,
and
his
strength
decaying
,
he
prepared
himselfe
for
death
.
He
made
his
owne
Epitaph
.
In
Christo
vixi
,
morior
,
vivoque
Wigandus
:
Do
sordes
morti
:
cae●era
,
Christe
,
tibi
.
In
Christ
I
liv'd
,
and
dy'd
,
through
him
I
live
again
:
What
's
●ad
to
death
I
give
:
my
soul
with
Christ
shall
reigne
.
And
so
in
the
midst
of
fervent
prayers
,
and
assured
hope
of
eternall
life
,
hee
resigned
up
his
spirit
into
the
hands
of
God
that
gave
it
;
His
death
.
Anno
Christi
1587
,
and
of
his
Age
sixty
four
.
Hee
was
a
man
of
an
excellent
wit
and
learning
;
His
Character
.
and
exemplary
in
his
life
.
Familiar
;
gently
answering
to
every
ones
question
:
He
was
very
courteous
,
and
grave
;
Liberall
to
the
poor
;
insomuch
as
when
he
was
Bishop
,
and
the
poor
begged
of
him
either
money
or
corn
,
he
would
command
his
Steward
to
give
them
as
much
as
they
needed
.
Hee
used
to
Catechise
his
family
,
and
to
require
of
them
an
account
of
the
Sermons
every
Lords
day
.
He
wrote
many
Works
:
His
Works
.
Explicationes
in
tria
priora
capita
Geneseos
:
Comment.
in
Psalmos
graduum
,
&
poenitentiales
,
&c.
Annotationes
in
Isaiam
,
in
Danielem
,
in
Prophetas
minores
,
in
Mattheum
,
Johannem
,
in
Epistolas
ad
Romanos
,
Galatas
,
Ephesios
,
ad
Timotheum
1
&
2
,
ad
Coloss.
Histor.
Patefactionis
divina
,
cum
multis
aliis
.
I.
FOX
The
Life
of
John
Fox
,
who
dyed
A
no
Christi
1587.
JOhn
Fox
was
born
at
Boston
in
Lincolnshire
,
His
Birth
.
Anno
Christi
1517.
His
Father
died
when
he
was
young
,
and
his
Mother
married
again
:
Yet
his
Father
in
Law
and
Mother
seeing
his
towardliness
and
aptness
to
Learning
,
brought
him
up
at
School
,
His
Education
.
and
afterwards
sent
him
to
Brasen-Nose
Colledge
in
Oxford
,
where
he
was
Chamber-fellow
with
Doctor
Nowell
,
and
being
of
a
sharp
wit
,
and
very
indu●trious
withall
,
hee
profited
so
much
,
that
in
a
short
time
hee
gat
the
admiration
of
all
,
He
is
chose●
Fellow
.
and
the
love
of
many
,
whereupon
he
was
chosen
Fellow
of
Magdalen
Colledge
.
Hee
much
affected
Poetry
,
and
wrote
some
Latine
Comedies
of
the
Histories
of
the
Bible
in
a
copious
and
gracefull
stile
in
his
youth
.
But
afterwards
betook
himself
more
seriously
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
and
discovered
himself
to
favour
the
Reformation
then
in
hand
,
when
King
Henry
the
eighth
abolished
the
Popes
Supremacie
.
The
first
thing
that
caused
him
to
question
the
popish
Religion
,
was
the
contradictions
in
it
,
divers
things
,
in
their
own
natures
most
repugnant
,
being
thrust
upon
men
at
one
time
,
both
of
them
to
be
beleeved
:
Hereupon
he
set
himself
to
study
the
ancient
and
moderne
History
of
the
Church
,
which
he
performed
with
such
diligence
,
He
studies
the
Church
history
that
before
he
was
thirty
years
old
,
he
had
read
over
all
that
either
the
Greek
or
Latine
Fathers
had
written
of
it
:
As
also
the
Schoolmens
Disputation
;
the
Councils
Acts
,
and
the
Consistories
Decrees
;
and
acquired
no
mean
skil
in
the
Hebrew
tongue
:
Besides
his
dayes
study
,
He
is
very
studious
.
he
bestowed
all
,
or
a
great
part
of
the
night
in
these
labours
,
and
many
times
in
the
dead
of
the
night
he
chose
a
solitary
Grove
near
the
Colledge
to
walk
in
for
his
Meditationss
;
and
in
them
he
suffered
many
combats
and
wrestlings
,
yea
many
heavy
sighs
,
with
teares
,
and
prayers
he
poured
out
to
Almighty
God
in
them
:
But
hereupon
grew
suspition
of
him
that
hee
beganne
to
dislike
the
Popish
Religion
,
Snares
laid
for
him
.
and
snares
were
layd
for
him
;
and
at
last
being
examined
,
he
was
by
the
Colledge
convicted
,
condemned
for
an
Heretick
,
He
is
expelled
the
Colledge
.
and
expelled
the
house
.
His
Father-in-law
also
took
this
occasion
to
manifest
his
dislikes
against
him
,
that
he
might
the
better
cheat
him
of
his
estate
which
of
right
belongad
to
〈◊〉
from
his
own
Father
.
Being
thus
left
destitute
of
all
humane
help
and
comfort
,
God
tooke
care
for
him
,
Gods
:
〈◊〉
.
being
sent
for
into
Warwick
shine
by
Sir
Thomas
I●ucie
to
live
in
his
house
,
and
teach
his
children
:
Where
also
he
married
a
Wife
,
and
continued
till
:
the
feare
of
the
Popish
inquisitors
drove
him
thence
.
His
marriage
.
His
case
was
now
more
hard
again
,
having
a
Wife
to
provide
for
,
and
whither
to
goe
hee
knew
not
:
At
last
hee
resolved
to
goe
to
her
Father
,
who
was
a
Citizen
of
Coventrie
,
and
in
the
mean
time
by
:
Letters
to
try
whether
his
Father-in-law
,
that
married
his
mother
,
would
receive
him
,
or
not
:
Whose
answer
was
,
That
if
he
would
alter
his
opinion
(
being
condemned
for
a
capital
offence
)
he
should
be
welcome
,
An
harsh
Father
in
Law
.
otherwise
it
would
be
dangerous
for
him
to
entertain
him
long
:
But
his
Mother
under-hand
wrote
to
him
to
come
;
and
so
it
pleased
God
that
hee
found
better
entertainment
and
security
in
both
places
then
hee
exspected
;
for
being
sometimes
with
his
Wives
father
,
and
sometimes
with
his
Father
in
law
,
he
deceiv'd
their
diligence
who
enquired
after
him
,
and
neither
of
his
Fathers
grew
weary
of
his
company
.
Afterwards
he
went
to
London
towards
the
end
of
King
Henry
the
eights
reign
;
His
poverty
.
but
having
quickly
spent
there
what
his
friends
had
bestowed
on
him
,
and
what
he
had
acquired
by
his
own
diligence
,
he
beganne
to
bee
in
want
again
.
But
behold
Gods
providence
.
A
speciall
providence
.
As
he
one
day
sate
in
Pauls
Church
,
spent
with
long
fasting
,
his
countenance
thinne
,
and
his
eyes
hollow
,
after
the
gastfull
manner
of
dying
men
,
every
one
shunning
a
spectacle
of
so
much
horrour
,
there
came
one
to
him
whom
he
had
never
seen
before
,
and
thrust
an
untold
sum
of
money
into
his
hand
,
bidding
him
be
of
good
chear
,
and
to
accept
that
small
gift
in
good
part
from
his
Country-man
,
which
common
courtesie
had
enforced
him
to
offer
;
and
that
he
should
goe
and
make
much
of
himself
;
for
that
within
a
few
daies
new
hopes
were
at
hand
,
and
a
more
certaine
condition
of
livelihood
.
Master
Fox
could
never
learn
who
this
was
,
but
three
daies
after
the
Dutchesse
of
Richmond
sent
for
him
to
live
in
her
house
,
He
is
sent
for
by
the
Dutchess
of
Richmond
.
and
to
be
Tutor
to
the
Earl
of
Surrey's
children
now
under
her
care
;
and
the
two
young
Lords
profited
so
much
under
him
,
that
afterwards
the
elder
[
Thomas
]
seemed
to
deserve
more
then
the
Kingdom
could
give
him
;
and
the
younger
[
Henry
]
was
able
to
measure
his
fortunes
,
not
by
the
opinion
of
others
,
but
by
his
own
satiety
:
And
the
young
Lady
Jane
profited
so
much
both
in
Greek
and
Latine
,
that
she
might
well
stand
in
competition
with
the
most
Learned
men
of
that
age
.
In
that
family
he
continued
the
remainder
of
King
Henries
reign
,
and
all
King
Edwards
,
Persecution
in
Qu.
Maries
daies
.
till
the
beginning
of
Queen
Maries
:
when
a
storme
of
persecution
arising
,
Master
Fox
was
sheltered
from
it
by
the
Duke
his
Scholar
.
But
when
he
saw
all
sorts
of
men
troubled
for
Religions
sake
,
so
that
there
was
nothing
but
flight
,
slaughter
,
and
gibbets
,
and
that
Gardiner
Bishop
of
Winchester
was
his
enemy
,
hee
beganne
to
thinke
of
some
speedy
way
for
his
departure
thence
;
which
so
soon
as
the
Duke
knew
,
he
disswaded
him
from
it
,
affirming
that
it
was
neither
agreeable
to
honour
,
nor
modesty
for
him
to
suffer
his
Tutor
,
so
well
deserving
at
his
hands
,
to
bee
taken
from
him
.
He
told
him
that
in
flying
,
no
kind
of
misery
would
be
wanting
;
Banishment
,
Poverty
,
Contempt
,
&c.
and
that
though
these
were
lesse
evils
then
death
,
yet
was
it
not
come
to
such
extremity
,
neither
would
hee
suffer
that
it
should
,
saying
,
A
notable
resolution
.
That
hee
had
yet
wealth
,
and
favour
,
and
friends
,
and
the
fortune
of
his
House
;
and
if
the
mischance
prevailed
further
,
that
himselfe
would
partake
of
the
danger
,
and
make
the
destruction
common
:
That
he
remembred
with
what
instructions
he
had
fortified
his
younger
years
,
neither
had
he
with
more
attention
hearkened
thereto
,
then
he
would
with
constancy
put
them
in
practise
:
Yet
when
the
Duke
afterward
perceived
that
he
could
no
longer
shelter
him
from
the
malice
of
Winchester
,
Stephen
Gardiner
.
he
provided
all
things
necessary
for
his
departure
,
sending
to
Ipswich
to
hire
a
Bark
,
and
whilst
all
things
were
making
ready
,
hee
sent
him
to
a
Farm-house
of
one
of
his
servants
,
with
his
Wife
,
Flight
in
persecu●ion
.
the
companion
of
his
travels
,
then
great
with
child
,
who
yet
would
not
be
perswaded
to
stay
behind
him
.
He
had
in
this
bark
scarce
weighed
Anchor
,
when
suddenly
a
rough
wind
troubled
the
Sea
with
so
great
violence
,
A
great
storm
.
that
the
stoutest
Mariners
beganne
to
tremble
;
then
followed
a
dark
night
,
with
such
hail
,
and
raine
,
that
hindred
the
sea-mens
work
,
and
tooke
away
all
possibility
of
steering
any
longer
by
the
Compass
:
Yet
the
next
day
towards
evening
with
much
difficulty
they
arrived
again
in
the
same
Haven
from
whence
they
set
forth
.
In
the
meane
time
a
Pursivant
with
a
warrant
from
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
God
providence
.
had
searched
the
Farm
,
and
pursued
him
to
Ipswitch
,
but
finding
the
Bark
already
gone
,
was
returned
towards
London
.
This
Master
Fox
being
informed
of
as
soon
as
he
came
to
shoare
,
he
presently
took
horse
as
if
he
would
have
left
the
towne
,
but
the
same
night
returning
,
he
bargained
with
the
Master
of
the
Ship
with
the
first
winde
to
set
sayle
againe
,
and
the
Pilot
loosed
in
the
nights
silence
,
as
soon
as
the
tide
turned
,
though
the
Sea
was
rough
,
and
the
winds
blustring
,
and
two
daies
after
(
through
the
mercy
of
God
)
landed
him
safely
at
Newport
Haven
&
after
some
few
daies
refreshing
himself
at
Newport
,
He
arrives
at
Newport
.
and
those
that
were
with
him
,
they
went
to
Antwerp
,
and
from
thence
to
Basil
,
He
goes
to
Basil.
which
was
a
common
refuge
to
many
English
in
those
times
,
most
of
which
maintained
themselves
by
over-seeing
the
Presse
,
and
correcting
faults
therein
.
To
these
Master
Fox
joyned
himself
,
and
having
in
his
youth
been
accustomed
to
hardship
,
he
was
able
to
suffer
want
,
sit
up
late
,
and
to
fare
hardly
:
And
during
his
abode
there
,
notwithstanding
he
was
so
full
of
imployment
,
yet
he
began
his
History
of
the
Acts
and
Monuments
of
the
Church
,
which
afterward
he
compleated
in
his
own
country
:
First
hee
wrote
it
in
Latine
,
and
sent
it
to
Basil
to
be
printed
,
where
it
was
much
esteemed
;
and
afterwards
wrote
it
in
English
,
A
prophesie
.
to
gratifie
the
unlearned
.
Not
long
after
Queen
Mary
dyed
,
about
which
time
Master
Fox
,
preaching
to
comfort
the
English
Exiles
,
did
with
confidence
tell
them
,
that
now
was
the
time
come
for
their
returne
into
England
;
and
that
hee
brought
that
news
by
command
from
God
:
For
which
words
the
graver
Divines
did
sharply
reprove
him
for
the
present
;
but
afterwards
excused
him
by
the
event
,
when
it
appeared
that
Queen
Mary
died
but
the
day
before
he
so
spake
to
them
.
His
return
into
England
.
Master
Fox
,
understanding
happy
news
in
England
,
that
Queen
Elizabeth
reigned
,
Religion
was
altered
,
and
so
like
to
continue
,
in
the
end
of
that
year
he
returned
into
England
with
his
wife
,
His
humility
.
and
two
children
which
were
born
there
;
and
instead
of
seeking
preferment
by
his
great
friends
,
and
own
deserts
,
he
lived
retiredly
in
his
study
,
prosecuting
his
work
begun
at
Basil
of
writing
the
Acts
and
Monuments
.
The
Papists
foreseeing
how
much
this
worke
would
tend
to
their
disparagement
,
and
disadvantage
,
charged
the
Author
with
falshood
,
and
feigned
some
cavils
against
him
,
to
lessen
his
credit
&
authority
;
which
he
,
by
heaping
together
testimonies
for
the
confirmation
of
what
hee
had
writ
,
endeavoured
to
take
away
.
This
elaborate
work
,
with
infinite
pains
,
he
finished
in
11
years
,
never
using
the
help
of
any
other
man
but
wrote
,
&
searched
all
the
Records
himself
:
His
Indfatigable
pains
.
But
by
these
excessive
pains
leaving
no
time
free
from
study
,
nor
affording
to
himselfe
seasonably
,
what
nature
required
,
hee
was
brought
to
that
passe
,
His
body
weakned
thereby
.
that
his
natural
vigour
being
spent
,
neither
his
friends
nor
kindred
could
by
sight
remember
,
or
know
him
.
Yea
it
caused
in
him
withered
leannesse
of
body
,
yet
would
he
by
no
means
be
perswaded
to
lessen
his
accustomed
labours
.
From
this
time
he
was
much
spoken
of
for
a
good
Historian
;
but
shortly
after
his
other
excellent
endowments
began
to
appear
.
His
excellent
endow●e●ts
.
He
was
very
charitable
,
and
had
an
excellent
ability
in
comforting
afflicted
consciences
,
so
that
there
resorted
to
him
Noblemen
,
Strangers
,
Citizens
,
and
others
also
,
seeking
salves
to
their
wounded
consciences
.
He
preached
often
abroad
,
and
went
to
visit
such
as
could
not
come
to
him
,
and
what
spare
time
he
had
,
he
bestowed
in
prayer
,
and
study
;
His
fe●v●ncy
in
prayer
.
and
for
his
vehement
prayers
mingled
with
groanes
,
he
made
use
of
the
nights
silence
for
the
greater
secre●ie
.
There
was
in
him
a
deliberate
,
and
resolved
contempt
of
all
earthly
things
,
especially
of
pleasures
,
and
for
this
end
hee
declined
the
friendship
of
Illustrious
and
Noble
persons
:
His
Charity
.
The
money
which
rich
men
sometimes
offered
him
,
hee
accepted
,
His
Prophesies
but
returned
it
back
to
the
poor
:
Many
things
did
he
foretell
by
occasion
of
comforting
the
afflicted
,
or
terrifying
those
that
were
stubborn
.
The
Lady
Anne
Henage
lying
sick
of
a
violent
Feaver
,
and
the
Physitians
deeming
it
mortall
,
Master
Fox
was
sent
for
to
be
present
at
her
ending
,
and
after
by
prayer
and
instructions
hee
had
prepared
her
for
death
,
he
told
her
that
she
had
done
well
in
sitting
her selfe
for
death
,
but
that
yet
she
should
not
dye
of
that
sicknesse
.
A
Knight
,
her
son
in
law
,
being
by
,
told
him
in
private
,
that
he
had
not
done
well
to
disquiet
her
minde
with
hopes
of
life
,
when
the
Physitians
had
given
her
up
for
dead
;
to
whom
he
answered
,
That
he
said
no
more
then
was
commanded
him
,
for
it
seemed
good
to
God
that
she
should
recover
;
which
also
came
to
passe
.
Also
Mistris
Honiwood
,
who
had
lain
sick
of
a
Consumption
almost
twenty
years
through
Melancholy
,
Mrs.
Honywood
.
to
whom
many
excellent
Physitians
,
and
grave
Divines
had
resorted
to
cure
her
body
,
&
comfort
her
mind
,
but
all
in
vain
At
last
M.
Fox
being
sent
for
,
when
he
came
into
her
chamber
,
found
a
most
sad
house
all
about
her
sitting
like
Statues
of
mourning
in
humane
likenesse
:
But
after
he
had
prayed
with
her
,
and
therein
endeavoured
both
to
comfort
her
,
and
those
about
her
,
he
told
her
that
she
should
not
onely
recover
of
her
disease
,
A
Prophesie
.
but
also
live
to
an
exceeding
great
age
:
At
which
words
,
earnestly
beholding
him
,
she
said
,
You
might
as
well
have
said
,
that
if
I
should
throw
this
glass
against
the
wall
,
A
Miracle
.
I
might
beleeve
it
would
not
break
to
pieces
:
And
having
a
Glasse
in
her
hand
,
she
threw
it
forth
,
the
Glasse
falling
first
on
a
chest
,
and
then
on
the
ground
,
yet
neither
brake
,
nor
crackt
:
And
the
event
fell
out
accordingly
;
for
the
Gentlewoman
being
then
sixty
years
of
age
,
lived
in
much
felicitie
till
she
was
above
ninetie
years
old
,
and
could
reckon
above
three
hundrd
and
sixtie
of
her
children
,
and
childrens
children
.
Also
,
Another
observable
story
.
one
day
going
to
see
the
Earl
of
Arundel
,
sonne
to
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
at
his
house
in
the
Straud
,
when
he
was
going
away
from
him
,
the
Earl
walked
with
him
to
the
end
of
his
Garden
,
where
he
was
to
take
boat
;
but
the
River
being
very
boysterous
,
the
Earl
counselled
him
not
to
trust
himself
in
so
great
atempest
;
to
whom
Master
Fox
answered
.
So
(
my
Lord
)
let
these
water
deal
with
me
,
as
I
have
in
truth
and
sincerity
delivered
unto
you
all
that
I
have
spoken
:
And
therewithall
entering
into
the
boat
,
before
they
could
put
off
from
the
Bridge
,
the
wind
ceased
,
and
the
river
ran
with
a
smooth
stream
.
He
had
many
great
friends
to
whom
he
was
very
dear
,
His
many
friends
.
and
of
whose
bounty
he
tasted
liberally
,
whereby
he
was
enabled
to
be
so
bountiful
to
the
poor
:
He
had
much
familiarity
with
many
Learned
,
and
Godly
men
.
At
length
having
in
such
actions
and
such
behaviours
spent
his
time
,
Dea●h
foreseen
.
being
now
full
of
years
,
he
foresaw
his
own
end
,
and
would
not
suffer
his
sonnes
to
be
present
at
his
death
,
though
he
entirely
loved
them
;
but
sending
them
from
home
,
His
Death
.
ere
their
return
he
quietly
resigned
up
his
spirit
to
God
,
An.
Christi
1587
,
and
of
his
age
seventie
.
He
never
denyed
to
give
to
any
one
tha
asked
for
Jesus
sake
.
His
Charity
.
And
one
asking
him
whither
he
knew
a
certain
poor
man
whom
he
used
to
relieve
;
Yea
(
said
he
)
I
remember
him
well
,
and
I
tell
you
,
I
forget
Lords
and
Ladies
to
remember
such
.
As
he
was
going
along
London
streets
,
a
woman
of
his
acquaintance
met
him
,
and
as
they
discoursed
together
,
shee
pulled
out
a
Bible
,
telling
him
she
was
going
to
hear
a
Sermon
;
whereupon
he
said
to
her
,
if
you
will
be
advised
by
me
,
go
home
again
:
Vain
glory
reproved
.
But
(
said
she
)
when
shall
I
then
go
to
Church
?
To
whom
he
answered
,
When
you
tell
no
body
of
it
.
One
of
his
sonnes
had
a
great
mind
to
travel
beyond
Sea
,
which
his
Father
could
by
no
means
disswade
him
from
:
after
some
years
travell
he
returned
back
in
an
out-landish
habit
;
and
coming
to
his
Father
,
the
old
man
asked
him
who
hee
was
?
To
whom
he
answered
,
Sir
,
I
am
your
sonne
Samuel
:
Whereupon
hee
replyed
,
He
reproves
his
son
.
Oh
my
sonne
,
who
hath
taught
thee
to
make
thy self
so
ridiculous
,
by
coming
home
in
so
strange
and
uncoth
an
habit
?
The
Life
of
George
Sohnius
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1589.
GEorge
Sohnius
was
born
at
Friburg
in
the
Wetteraw
,
His
Bir●h
and
Education
.
Anno
Christi
1551
,
of
honest
Parents
,
and
of
good
esteem
,
who
brought
him
up
from
his
childhood
in
the
knowledge
of
the
principles
of
Divinity
and
Grammar
,
and
afterwards
set
him
to
School
in
Fridberg
,
where
he
continued
till
he
was
well
grounded
in
School-Learning
,
which
he
drank
in
with
such
eagernesse
,
that
he
soon
outstripped
all
his
fellows
;
and
so
Anno
Christi
1567
he
was
sent
to
the
University
of
Marpurg
at
fifteen
years
old
:
He
goes
to
Marpurg
.
His
industry
.
where
he
profited
so
exceedingly
in
Logick
and
Philosophy
,
that
he
was
made
Batchelor
of
Arts
at
the
years
end
.
And
being
exceeding
desirous
to
see
other
countries
,
for
the
improving
both
of
his
learning
and
carriage
,
He
goes
to
Wittenberg
.
Anno
Christi
1569
,
he
went
to
Wittenberg
,
where
he
studied
Philosophy
,
Law
,
and
Divinity
with
incredible
pains
night
and
day
;
so
that
at
three
years
end
with
the
approbation
of
the
whole
University
he
was
made
Master
of
Arts.
He
is
Master
of
Arts.
He
intended
at
first
the
study
of
Law
;
But
it
pleased
God
on
a
sudden
so
to
divert
his
heart
from
it
,
and
to
encline
him
to
the
study
of
Divinitie
,
that
he
could
have
no
rest
in
himselfe
till
he
had
resolved
upon
it
;
concerning
which
he
thus
writes
to
his
Father
:
Why
he
left
the
study
of
the
Law
.
What
hath
so
soon
altered
my
opinion
I
shall
briefly
declare
unto
you
,
that
you
may
know
,
and
approve
the
reason
thereof
,
and
give
thanks
to
God
for
his
mercy
to
us
.
When
upon
the
one
and
twentieth
of
July
I
was
hearing
Tuberus
his
Lecture
of
the
Law
,
before
halfe
an
hour
was
past
,
as
I
was
writing
what
hee
spake
,
I
fell
into
very
serious
cogitations
:
For
on
a
sudden
the
excellency
,
A
speciall
Providence
.
and
Majesty
of
Divinity
came
into
my
mind
,
which
suddenly
did
so
delight
me
,
and
beganne
to
stirre
up
in
my
minde
such
love
to
it
,
that
I
could
not
but
resolve
to
give
over
the
Law
,
and
wholly
to
apply
my self
to
the
study
of
Divinity
:
And
this
thought
did
more
and
more
sink
deeply
into
my
mind
,
and
was
so
urgent
upon
me
,
that
I
could
no
longer
hearken
to
the
Law
Lecture
,
neither
could
I
write
out
what
I
had
begunne
:
So
that
I
knew
not
what
doe
▪
Yea
these
thoughts
did
so
follow
me
,
that
I
was
not
onely
averse
to
read
any
more
Law
,
but
I
abhorred
the
thoughts
of
it
.
And
thus
not
knowing
what
to
doe
,
I
betook
my self
with
sighs
and
teares
unto
God
,
intreating
him
to
restore
to
me
my
former
love
to
,
and
delight
in
the
Law
:
But
if
not
,
that
I
was
ready
to
follow
his
call
in
any
thing
.
But
so
often
as
I
returned
to
reading
the
Law
my
heart
did
beat
,
my
eyes
abhorred
the
letters
,
and
neither
was
my
minde
or
will
any
more
delighted
with
that
study
:
Whereupon
consulting
with
two
of
my
godly
and
loving
friends
,
they
judged
that
I
was
called
by
God
to
the
study
of
Divinity
;
and
therefore
giving
thanks
to
God
,
I
wholly
applyed
my self
thereto
.
Anno
Christi
1571
he
returned
to
Marpurg
,
His
return
to
Marpurg
.
and
studied
Hebrew
;
and
the
year
after
he
read
the
Arts
to
many
Students
privately
,
and
became
Tutor
to
three
Noblemen
.
At
twenty
three
years
old
he
was
so
famous
,
that
by
the
consent
of
all
the
Divines
of
that
University
,
He
is
made
a
Professor
.
he
was
chosen
into
the
number
,
and
order
of
Professors
of
Divinity
.
The
year
after
he
married
a
Wife
,
Christian
,
daughter
to
Conrade
Matthew
,
His
marriage
.
one
of
the
Professors
,
a
choice
Maid
,
by
whom
he
had
three
sons
and
two
daughters
.
The
same
yeare
also
he
was
chosen
the
Professor
of
the
Hebrew
Tongue
in
that
Universitie
.
Anno
Christi
1578
he
was
made
Doctor
in
Divinity
,
He
is
made
Doctor
.
and
falling
sick
not
long
after
,
he
made
an
excellent
Confession
of
his
Faith
:
But
it
pleased
God
that
he
recovered
,
and
was
not
onely
a
constant
Preacher
of
the
Truth
,
Preachers
pattern
.
but
a
strong
Defender
of
it
against
errors
,
confuting
the
Ubiquitarians
,
and
that
so
boldly
,
that
he
chose
rather
to
hazard
banishment
then
to
connive
at
errors
.
His
fame
spread
abroad
exceedingly
,
so
that
many
sought
for
him
,
especially
John
of
Nassau
,
and
John
Cassimire
,
the
Elector
Palatine
.
The
first
desired
him
to
come
,
and
begin
his
University
at
Herborn
,
where
he
should
have
had
greater
honour
,
and
a
larger
stipend
.
The
other
desired
him
to
Heidleberg
to
bee
the
Divinity
Professor
in
that
place
:
His
humility
.
His
answer
was
,
that
he
was
born
rather
for
labours
,
then
honours
,
He
goes
to
Heidleberg
.
and
therefore
chose
to
goe
to
Heidleberg
,
being
thirty
three
years
old
,
Anno
Christi
1584
,
and
was
intertained
lovingly
by
the
Prince
,
who
made
him
Governour
of
the
Colledge
of
Sapience
,
and
Professor
of
Divinity
.
His
coming
was
most
grateful
to
the
University
,
where
he
took
exceeding
great
pains
,
and
was
eminent
for
piety
,
humility
,
gravity
,
prudence
,
patience
,
and
industry
;
so
that
Anno
Christi
1588
,
he
was
chosen
into
the
number
of
the
Ecclesiasticall
Senators
for
the
government
of
the
Church
.
He
had
great
skill
in
the
Tongues
:
Greater
in
the
Liberal
Arts
and
Philosophy
;
but
greatest
in
the
knowledge
of
Divinity
,
and
Ecclesiasticall
History
.
He
was
famous
for
eloquence
,
faithfulness
,
and
diligence
in
his
place
,
and
holiness
,
and
integrity
in
his
life
.
Anno
Christi
1589
he
fell
sick
,
His
sicknesse
.
for
which
,
and
his
change
,
he
had
been
carefully
fitting
himself
beforehand
,
and
therefore
bore
it
with
much
patience
,
and
with
fervent
prayer
often
repeated
,
O
Christ
thou
art
my
redeemer
,
and
I
know
that
thou
hast
redeemed
me
:
Preparation
for
death
.
I
wholly
depend
upon
thy
providence
and
mercie
;
from
the
very
bottome
of
my
heart
I
commend
my
spirit
into
thy
hands
,
and
so
he
slept
in
the
Lord
Anno
Christi
1589
,
and
of
his
age
38.
His
death
.
Hee
published
not
many
books
,
but
those
which
hee
did
were
very
polite
and
choice
ones
;
Ut
sunt
de
verbo
Dei
,
&
ejus
tractatione
lib.
2.
His
Works
.
After
his
death
his
works
were
published
in
three
Tomes
.
Calvin
preached
his
Funeral
Sermon
.
The
Life
of
Laurence
Humfreid
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1589.
LAurence
Humfreid
was
born
in
the
County
of
Buckingham
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
Brought
up
,
first
at
School
,
and
then
sent
to
Oxford
,
where
he
was
admitted
into
the
Colledge
of
Mary
Magdalen
,
and
followed
his
studies
hard
all
the
daies
of
King
Edward
the
sixth
.
But
in
the
beginning
of
those
bloody
Marian
dayes
,
wherein
so
many
were
forced
to
forsake
their
native
soyl
,
Flight
in
persecu●ion
.
he
(
amongst
the
rest
)
went
beyond
Sea
into
Germany
,
where
he
continued
till
the
beginning
of
Queen
Elizabeths
Reign
,
whom
God
raised
up
to
be
a
Nursing
Mother
to
his
Church
.
At
which
time
he
came
back
,
and
returned
to
Oxford
,
where
he
was
very
famous
both
for
his
Learning
,
His
return
to
England
.
and
Preaching
.
Then
also
he
commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
,
and
by
reason
of
his
excellent
parts
was
very
instrumentall
in
the
advancement
of
Gods
glory
.
And
whereas
that
wicked
Sect
of
the
Jesuits
was
lately
risen
up
,
he
,
by
his
learned
writings
,
did
both
from
Scripture
and
Antiquity
discover
their
impostures
,
He
confutes
the
lesuits
.
and
Popish
deceits
.
Afterwards
he
was
made
the
Master
of
Magdalen
Colledge
,
and
the
Regius
Professor
;
which
places
hee
discharged
with
singular
commendations
for
many
yeares
together
,
and
at
last
quietly
resigned
up
his
spirit
into
the
hands
of
God
,
Anno
Christi
His
death
.
1589.
The
Life
of
James
Andreas
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1590.
JAmes
Andreas
was
born
in
Waibling
in
the
Dukedome
of
Wittemberg
,
Anno
1528.
His
birth
and
education
.
And
when
his
Father
had
kept
him
three
years
at
School
(
being
unable
to
maintaine
him
any
longer
)
he
intended
to
have
placed
him
with
a
Carpenter
;
His
parents
poverty
:
but
being
disswaded
by
Sebastian
Mader
,
the
Consul
,
he
sent
him
to
Stutgard
to
Erhard
Snepfius
,
who
was
Superintendent
of
the
Wirtembergian
Churches
,
intreating
him
to
grant
him
an
exhibition
out
of
the
Churches
stock
for
the
breeding
of
him
at
School
.
Snepfius
examining
the
boy
,
who
was
now
ten
years
old
,
Snep●ius
provides
for
him
.
found
him
of
an
excellent
wit
;
but
withall
perceived
that
hee
had
been
neglected
at
School
:
whereupon
he
agreed
to
allow
him
part
of
his
maintenance
,
and
his
Father
to
make
up
the
rest
,
and
so
placed
him
in
the
School
at
Stutgard
,
under
a
choice
Schoolmaster
,
with
whom
(
in
two
years
space
)
he
learned
the
Latine
and
Greek
Grammar
and
Rhetorick
,
He
goes
to
Tubing
.
and
so
An.
Chr.
1541
he
went
to
Tubing
,
where
he
so
profited
,
that
at
the
end
of
two
years
he
was
made
Batchelor
of
Arts
,
and
two
years
after
that
,
Mr.
of
Arts.
There
also
he
studied
Hebrew
&
Divinity
.
And
An.
Ch.
1546
,
and
of
his
age
18
,
He
is
made
Deacon
.
he
was
made
Deacon
,
and
for
trial
,
preached
in
the
chief
Church
of
Stutgard
in
a
great
Auditory
,
and
did
so
well
perform
that
work
,
that
his
fame
spread
abroad
,
and
at
last
came
to
the
ears
of
Ulrick
Duke
of
Wirtemberg
,
who
sent
for
him
to
Preach
before
him
in
his
Castle
,
which
hee
did
with
much
applause
;
He
preaches
before
the
Duke
.
so
that
after
Sermon
,
the
Duke
said
;
Whence
soever
this
chicken
came
,
I
know
that
he
was
hatched
and
bred
up
under
Snepfius
.
The
same
year
at
Tubing
he
married
a
Wife
,
His
marriage
.
by
whom
hee
had
eighteen
children
,
nine
sonne
,
and
nine
daughters
.
About
that
time
brake
forth
that
fatall
Warre
betwixt
Charles
the
fifth
and
the
Protestant
Princes
,
wherein
the
Emperour
being
conquerour
,
Gods
providence
.
hee
seised
upon
the
Dukedome
of
Wirtemberg
,
by
reason
whereof
the
Church
was
in
a
sad
condition
,
yet
Andreas
,
with
his
Wife
remained
in
Stutgard
,
and
by
Gods
speciall
providence
was
preserved
in
the
midst
of
Spanish
Souldiers
,
and
yet
preached
constantly
,
and
faithfully
all
the
while
.
And
so
hee
continued
till
Anno
Christi
1548
,
at
which
time
that
accursed
Interim
came
forth
,
The
accursed
Interim
.
which
brought
so
much
mischief
to
the
Church
of
God
.
Andreas
,
amongst
other
godly
Ministers
that
opposed
it
,
was
driven
from
his
place
:
He
is
Deacon
at
Tubing
.
Yet
it
pleased
God
that
the
year
after
he
was
chosen
again
to
be
Deacon
at
Tubing
,
where
by
Catechising
he
did
very
much
good
.
Anno
Christi
1550
Ulrick
dying
,
his
son
Christopher
succeeded
him
in
the
government
of
Wirtemberg
,
and
affected
Andreas
exceedingly
,
He
commenceth
Doctor
.
and
would
needs
have
him
Commense
Doctor
;
which
degree
(
having
performed
all
his
exercises
)
he
took
the
twenty
fifth
year
of
his
age
,
and
was
chosen
Pastor
of
the
Church
of
Gompping
,
He
is
made
Superintendent
.
and
was
made
Superintendant
of
those
parts
.
About
the
same
time
he
was
sent
for
by
Lodwick
Count
of
Oeting
to
assist
him
in
the
reforming
of
the
Churches
within
his
jurisdiction
,
&
when
he
took
his
leave
of
his
own
Prince
Christopher
,
he
charged
him
,
and
gave
it
him
in
writing
,
That
if
Count
Lodwick
set
upon
that
Reformation
,
Note
.
Sacrilege
abhorred
.
that
under
pretence
of
Religion
he
might
robbe
the
Church
,
and
seise
upon
the
Revenues
of
the
Monasteries
,
and
turn
them
to
his
private
use
,
that
he
should
presently
leave
him
,
and
come
back
again
.
He
assisted
also
in
the
reformation
of
the
Churches
in
Helfenstein
,
Anno
Christi
1556.
About
that
time
,
A
strange
story
of
a
Jew
.
hearing
of
a
Jew
that
for
theft
was
hanged
by
the
heels
with
his
head
downward
in
a
village
hard
by
,
having
not
seen
that
kind
of
punishment
,
he
went
to
the
place
,
where
he
found
him
hanging
between
two
Dogs
,
that
were
alwaies
snatching
at
him
,
tearing
and
eating
his
flesh
:
The
poor
wretch
repeated
in
Hebrew
some
verses
of
the
Psalms
,
wherein
hee
cried
to
God
for
mercy
;
whereupon
Andreas
went
nearer
to
him
,
and
instructed
him
in
the
Principles
of
the
Christian
Religion
,
about
Christ
the
Messiah
,
&c.
and
exhorted
him
to
believe
in
him
;
and
it
pleased
God
so
to
blesse
his
exhortation
to
him
,
that
the
Dogs
gave
over
tearing
of
his
flesh
,
and
the
poor
Jew
desired
him
to
procure
that
he
might
be
taken
down
,
and
baptised
,
and
hung
by
the
neck
for
the
quicker
dispatch
,
which
was
done
accordingly
.
The
same
year
Charles
,
Marquesse
of
Baden
,
beganne
a
Reformation
of
the
Churches
within
his
dominions
,
and
to
assist
him
therein
he
sent
for
divers
Divines
,
and
amongst
the
rest
,
He
helps
forward
Reformation
.
for
Dr
Andreas
,
by
whose
help
he
cast
out
the
Popish
Religion
and
Ceremonies
,
and
established
the
true
Religion
according
to
the
Augustane
Confession
:
The
like
he
did
in
Brugoia
.
About
the
same
time
also
Doctor
Andreas
was
sent
for
by
the
Senate
of
the
Imperiall
City
of
Rottenburg
,
because
the
Pastors
in
their
jurisdiction
used
divers
Ceremonies
,
so
that
they
feared
least
contentions
should
arise
about
the
Substantials
in
Divinity
,
whereupon
by
the
advice
of
Andreas
,
they
were
united
in
one
Confession
of
Faith
consonant
to
the
Word
of
God
,
and
certain
Ceremonies
were
agreed
on
,
which
all
the
Ministers
should
unanimously
use
for
the
time
to
come
.
Yea
he
was
of
such
esteem
,
that
he
was
sent
for
by
divers
Princes
to
reform
the
Churches
in
their
jurisdictions
.
Hee
was
present
at
divers
Synods
and
Disputations
about
Religion
.
Gods
providence
.
Hee
travelled
many
thousands
of
miles
,
being
usually
attended
but
with
one
servant
,
yet
it
pleased
God
that
in
all
his
journyes
he
never
met
with
any
affront
.
Anno
Christi
1552
,
the
Chancellors
place
in
the
University
of
Tubing
was
voyd
by
the
death
of
Beurlin
,
whereupon
Prince
Christopher
,
consulting
with
the
Heads
of
the
University
,
made
Doctor
Andreas
Chancellor
in
his
stead
.
He
is
made
Chancellour
of
the
University
.
About
which
time
he
was
sent
into
Thuringia
to
compose
the
difference
between
the
Divines
of
Jenes
,
Flacius
Illiricus
,
aud
Strigelius
,
about
the
power
of
Free-will
.
Anno
Christi
1580
came
forth
the
book
of
Concord
,
which
was
approved
and
subscribed
by
three
Electors
,
twenty
one
Princes
,
His
great
pains
about
the
Concord
.
twenty
two
Counts
,
four
Barons
,
thirty
five
Imperiall
Cities
,
and
eight
thousand
Ministers
.
This
was
set
on
foot
by
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
but
carried
on
by
the
excessive
labours
of
Doctor
Andreas
,
who
carried
it
from
one
to
another
,
resolving
all
doubts
,
and
answering
all
objections
till
he
had
got
all
those
subscriptions
.
The
year
before
his
death
,
Death
foretold
,
and
desired
.
hee
used
often
to
say
,
that
hee
should
not
live
long
;
that
hee
was
weary
of
this
life
,
and
much
desired
to
be
dissolved
,
and
to
be
with
Christ
which
was
best
of
all
.
His
●icknesse
.
Falling
sick
,
he
sent
for
James
Herbrand
,
saying
,
I
exspect
that
after
my
death
many
adversaries
will
rise
up
to
asperse
me
,
and
therefore
I
sent
for
thee
to
hear
the
confession
of
my
faith
,
that
so
thou
mayst
testifie
for
me
when
I
am
dead
and
gone
,
that
I
died
in
the
true
Faith
.
The
Confession
of
his
Faith
.
The
same
Confession
also
he
made
afterwards
before
the
Pastors
and
Deacons
of
Tubing
.
The
night
before
his
death
he
slept
,
partly
upon
his
bed
,
and
partly
in
his
chair
:
When
the
clock
struck
fix
in
the
morning
,
he
said
,
My
hour
draws
near
.
He
gave
thanks
to
God
for
bestowing
Christ
,
What
he
gives
thanks
for
.
for
revealing
his
Will
in
his
Word
,
for
giving
him
Faith
,
and
the
like
benefits
;
and
when
he
was
ready
to
depart
,
he
said
,
Lord
into
thy
hands
I
commend
my
spirit
,
and
so
he
fell
asleep
in
the
Lord
Anno
Christi
1590
,
His
death
.
and
of
his
age
61.
In
the
discharge
of
his
office
he
never
spared
any
labour
;
hee
never
shrunk
under
any
trouble
.
He
wrote
many
Epistles
to
severall
men
upon
several
arguments
.
His
Works
.
A
learned
,
and
rich
man
of
Tubing
after
Doctor
Andreas
his
death
,
said
,
that
he
had
in
his
Library
fifteen
hundred
bookes
of
his
writing
upon
severall
Arguments
.
H.
ZANCHY
The
Life
of
Hierom
Zanchius
,
who
dyed
A
no
Christi
1590.
HIerom
Zanchius
was
born
at
Atzanum
in
Italy
,
Anno
1516.
His
birth
and
education
.
His
Father
was
a
Lawyer
,
who
brought
him
up
at
School
;
and
when
Zanchy
was
but
twelve
years
old
his
Father
died
of
the
Plague
Anno
Christi
1528
;
at
which
time
Zanchy
was
at
School
,
where
he
was
instructed
in
the
Liberall
Sciences
:
When
he
came
to
the
age
of
fifteen
years
,
being
now
deprived
of
both
his
parents
,
observing
that
divers
of
his
kindred
were
of
the
order
of
Canons
Regular
,
amongst
whom
he
judged
that
there
were
divers
learned
men
,
being
exceeding
desirous
of
Learning
,
he
entered
into
that
Order
,
where
hee
lived
about
twenty
years
,
He
becomes
a
Fryar
.
and
studied
Arts
and
School-Divinity
,
together
with
the
Tongues
.
He
was
very
familiar
with
Celsus
Martiningus
,
joyning
studies
with
him
,
was
a
diligent
hearer
of
Peter
Martyrs
publick
Lectures
at
Luca
upon
the
Epistle
to
the
Romans
,
and
of
his
private
Lectures
upon
the
Psalmes
,
His
conversion
which
he
read
to
his
Canons
.
This
drew
his
mind
to
an
earnest
study
of
the
Scriptures
.
He
read
also
the
Fathers
,
especially
St.
Augustine
,
with
the
most
learned
Interpreters
of
the
Word
of
God
:
And
thereupon
he
preached
the
Gospel
for
some
years
in
the
purest
manner
that
the
time
and
place
would
suffer
.
And
when
Peter
Martyr
left
Italy
,
so
that
his
godly
Disciples
could
no
longer
live
in
safety
there
,
much
lesse
have
liberty
of
Preaching
,
about
twenty
of
them
in
the
space
of
one
year
left
their
station
,
and
followed
their
Master
into
Germany
,
amongst
whom
Za●chy
was
one
.
He
flies
into
Germany
.
Being
thus
(
as
he
used
to
say
)
delivered
out
of
the
Babylonish
captivity
,
anno
Christi
1550.
He
went
,
first
into
Rhetia
,
where
he
staied
about
eight
moneths
,
and
from
thence
to
Geneva
,
and
after
nine
moneths
stay
there
,
he
was
sent
for
by
Peter
Martyr
into
England
,
but
when
he
came
to
Strasborough
,
he
staid
there
to
supply
Hedio's
room
newly
dead
,
He
stayes
at
Strasborough
.
who
read
Divinity
in
the
Schooles
,
which
was
in
the
yeare
1553.
He
lived
,
and
taught
Divinity
in
that
City
about
11
yeares
;
sometimes
also
reading
Aristotle
in
the
Schools
;
yet
not
without
opposition
,
old
James
Sturmius
,
the
Father
of
that
University
being
dead
:
He
meets
with
troubles
.
Yea
his
adversaries
proceeded
so
far
as
to
tell
Zanchy
,
that
if
hee
would
continue
to
read
there
,
he
must
subscribe
the
Augusta●e
Confession
,
to
which
hee
yeelded
for
peace-sake
,
with
this
proviso
,
modò
Orthodox●e
intelligatur
;
declaring
his
judgement
also
about
Christs
presence
in
the
Sacrament
,
wherewith
they
were
satisfied
.
And
thus
he
continued
to
the
year
1563
,
being
very
acceptable
to
the
good
,
and
a
shunner
of
strife
,
and
a
lover
of
concord
.
At
the
end
whereof
the
Divines
and
Professors
there
,
New
opposition
.
accused
him
for
differing
from
them
in
some
points
about
the
Lords
Supper
,
the
Ubiquity
of
Christs
Body
,
the
use
of
Images
in
the
Churches
,
Predestination
,
and
the
Perseverance
of
the
Saints
:
About
these
things
they
raised
contentions
,
which
were
partly
occasioned
by
the
book
of
Heshufius
,
printed
at
this
time
at
Strasborough
,
About
the
Lords
Supper
;
and
it
came
to
this
pass
,
that
they
put
Zanchy
to
his
choice
either
to
depart
of
himself
,
or
else
they
would
remove
him
from
his
place
.
And
though
many
waies
were
tried
for
the
composing
of
this
difference
,
yet
could
it
not
be
effected
.
But
it
pleased
God
that
about
this
time
there
came
a
Messenger
to
signifie
to
him
that
the
Pastor
of
the
Church
of
Clavenna
,
Gods
providence
.
in
the
borders
of
Italy
,
being
dead
,
he
was
chosen
Pastor
in
his
room
;
He
goes
to
Clavenna
.
wherefore
obtaining
a
dismission
from
the
Senate
of
Strasborough
,
he
went
thither
,
and
after
he
had
preached
about
two
moneths
,
the
Pestilence
brake
forth
in
that
Town
so
violently
,
A
great
Pestilence
.
1564.
that
in
seven
moneths
space
there
dyed
twelve
hundred
men
;
yet
he
continued
there
so
long
as
he
had
any
Auditors
;
but
when
most
of
the
Citizens
had
removed
their
families
into
an
high
mountain
not
farre
off
,
he
went
thither
also
,
and
spent
above
three
moneths
in
Preaching
Meditation
,
and
Prayer
,
and
when
the
Plague
was
stayed
,
hee
returned
into
the
City
again
.
And
thus
he
continued
in
that
place
almost
four
years
to
the
great
profit
of
many
,
but
not
without
afflictions
to
himself
.
Anno
Christi
1568
hee
was
sent
for
by
Frederick
the
third
,
Elector
Palatine
,
He
goes
to
Heidleberg
.
to
Heidleberg
to
be
Professor
,
and
was
entertained
with
all
love
and
respect
,
where
he
succeeded
Ursin
,
and
at
his
entrance
made
an
excellent
Oration
about
the
preserving
,
and
adhering
to
the
meer
Word
of
God
alone
.
He
is
made
Doctor
.
The
same
year
he
was
made
Doctor
in
Divinity
.
About
which
time
that
excellent
Prince
Frederick
,
who
was
a
zealous
promoter
of
the
Doctrine
of
the
Prophets
and
Apostles
,
required
him
to
explicate
the
Doctrine
of
one
God
,
and
three
Persons
,
to
confirme
it
,
and
to
confute
the
Doctrine
of
those
which
at
that
time
denyed
the
Deity
of
Christ
and
the
Holy
Ghost
in
Poland
and
Transilvania
,
Zeal
against
heresies
.
and
to
answer
their
arguments
;
whereupon
he
wrote
those
learned
Tractates
,
De
Dei
naturâ
,
De
tribus
Elohim
,
&c.
In
which
book
the
whole
Orthodox
Doctrine
about
that
great
Mystery
is
so
unfolded
and
confirmed
,
Hereticks
confuted
&
rejected
.
that
all
adversaries
may
for
ever
be
ashamed
which
goe
about
to
contradict
the
same
Laelius
Socinus
,
and
other
of
his
complices
that
defended
the
Heresies
of
Servetus
,
tried
by
divers
waies
,
and
reasons
to
have
drawn
him
to
their
opinion
:
but
when
they
found
him
wholly
estranged
from
them
,
and
a
zealous
Defendor
of
the
Truth
against
their
Blasphemies
,
they
renounced
all
friendship
with
him
,
and
left
him
;
for
which
he
gave
hearty
thanks
unto
God
,
and
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
.
He
taught
in
that
University
tenne
yeares
till
the
death
of
Prince
Frederick
.
Then
by
Prince
John
Cassimire
he
was
removed
to
his
new
University
at
Neostade
,
where
he
spent
above
seven
years
in
reading
Divinity
.
He
goes
to
Neostade
.
Though
in
the
year
1578
he
had
been
earnestly
solicited
to
come
to
the
University
of
Leiden
,
then
newly
begunne
;
as
also
the
yeare
after
the
Citizens
of
Antwerp
called
him
to
be
their
Pastor
,
yet
the
Prince
would
by
no
means
part
with
him
,
knowing
that
hee
could
not
bee
missed
in
his
University
.
The
Prince
Elector
Palatine
,
Lodwick
,
being
dead
,
and
Prince
Cassimire
being
for
the
time
made
Administrator
of
his
estate
,
the
University
was
returned
from
Neostad
to
Heidleberg
,
and
Zanchy
being
now
grown
old
,
had
a
liberal
stipend
setled
upon
him
by
Prince
Cassimire
;
whereupon
going
to
Heidleberg
to
visit
his
friends
,
His
death
.
he
fell
sick
,
and
quietly
departed
in
the
Lord
Anno
Christi
1590
,
and
of
his
age
seventie
five
.
He
was
excellently
versed
in
the
writings
of
the
ancient
Fathers
and
Philosophers
,
he
was
of
singular
modesty
,
and
very
studious
to
promote
the
peace
of
the
Church
.
His
Workes
are
well
known
,
His
Works
.
being
usually
bound
up
in
three
volumes
.
His
Commentaries
are
upon
Hosea
,
Ephes.
Phil.
Col.
Thess.
and
John
:
His
other
works
are
Miscellanea
Theologica
.
De
tribus
Elohim
.
De
natura
Dei
.
De
operibus
Dei
.
De
Incarnatione
Filii
Dei
.
De
sacra
Scriptura
▪
Compendium
praecipuorum
capitum
doctrinae
Christianae
.
De
Religione
Christiana
,
&c.
The
Life
of
Anthony
Sadeel
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1591.
ANthony
Sadeel
was
born
at
Cabot
upon
the
confines
of
Savoy
and
France
,
His
Birth
.
and
Education
.
not
far
from
Geneva
,
Anno
Christi
1534
,
and
his
Father
dying
whilst
he
was
young
,
his
Mother
brought
him
up
in
learning
,
and
sent
him
to
Paris
,
where
he
was
educated
under
Mathias
Granian
,
from
whom
also
he
first
received
the
seeds
of
true
Religion
.
He
goes
to
Paris
.
From
thence
after
a
while
he
removed
to
Tholous
,
where
falling
into
the
society
of
some
godly
students
of
the
Law
.
it
pleased
God
that
by
degrees
he
attained
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Truth
,
and
began
to
abstain
from
the
defilements
of
Popery
;
whereupon
hee
went
to
Geneva
,
His
conversion
He
goes
to
Geneva
.
where
he
was
further
instructed
in
the
truth
,
and
was
much
holpen
,
and
encouraged
by
Calvin
and
Beza
.
But
after
a
while
his
Uncle
dying
,
and
leaving
a
large
inheritance
,
some
contention
arose
about
it
,
whereupon
Sadeel
was
sent
for
home
,
and
went
to
Paris
about
that
businesse
.
And
to
Paris
.
At
which
time
a
private
Congregation
was
gathered
by
John
Riparius
(
who
shortly
after
suffered
Martyrdom
)
into
which
number
at
his
request
Sadeel
was
admitted
,
in
whom
there
shon
forth
a
great
ingenuity
,
with
an
incredible
love
to
the
holy
Scriptures
.
And
when
afterwards
that
Church
was
encreased
,
they
sent
to
Geneva
for
a
Pastor
,
who
sent
them
Collongius
,
a
man
famous
for
piety
and
wisdom
;
who
when
he
was
come
,
calling
together
the
young
men
,
he
exhorted
them
to
apply
themselves
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
which
afterwards
turned
to
the
great
good
of
the
French
Churches
,
and
amongst
others
Sadeel
faithfully
promised
to
apply
himselfe
thereto
.
And
Collongius
beganne
to
frame
and
fashion
the
minds
of
those
young
men
by
private
exercises
:
Amongst
whom
Sadeel
most
excelled
,
there
appearing
no
light
,
or
unbeseeming
carriage
in
him
:
Yea
in
those
his
young
years
he
gave
signs
of
au
excellent
mind
that
was
fit
to
undertake
great
things
.
He
is
chosen
a
Pastor
.
In
so
much
as
being
scarce
twenty
yeares
old
,
he
was
by
approbation
of
the
whole
Church
,
chosen
one
of
the
Pastors
.
And
though
in
regard
of
his
great
parentage
,
hee
was
not
without
hope
of
attaining
to
great
riches
and
dignity
;
Christ
preferred
before
all
.
whereas
entering
into
this
course
of
life
,
he
exposed
himself
to
labours
,
dangers
,
banishment
,
and
grievous
death
in
those
bloody
times
,
yet
none
of
these
hindered
,
but
that
he
chearfully
undertook
the
office
he
was
chosen
to
,
which
was
to
be
Pastor
of
the
Church
in
Paris
.
The
year
after
fell
out
that
horrid
violence
offered
to
this
Church
when
they
were
met
together
to
hear
the
Word
,
Popish
cruelty
.
and
receive
the
Sacrament
,
where
above
150
of
them
were
laid
hold
of
,
Gods
providence
.
and
cast
into
prison
,
but
by
a
miracle
of
Gods
mercy
the
Pastors
escaped
.
To
make
the
prisoners
more
odious
the
Friars
in
all
their
Sermons
gave
out
that
the
Protestants
met
together
for
no
other
end
but
to
feast
and
junket
,
The
Protestants
slandered
after
which
(
putting
out
the
candles
)
they
fell
to
all
promiscuous
uncleannesses
;
and
the
Cardinall
of
Lorrain
buzed
such
things
into
the
King●
head
;
and
though
the
Judges
upon
enquiry
found
all
these
things
false
;
yet
the
Church
thought
fit
by
an
Epistle
to
the
King
and
a
book
to
the
people
,
to
vindicate
and
clear
themselves
,
which
work
was
committed
to
Sadeel
,
Vindicated
by
Sadeel
.
who
performed
it
so
excellently
,
that
some
good
effects
followed
thereupon
.
The
year
after
Sadeel
was
delivered
from
a
great
danger
,
for
at
midnight
many
apparitors
brake
into
his
house
s●arching
every
corner
,
and
at
last
brake
into
his
chamber
▪
●eized
on
his
books
and
his
papers
,
crying
out
they
were
H●retical
▪
and
so
laid
hold
upon
him
,
He
is
imprisoned
.
and
carried
him
to
prison
〈◊〉
it
pleased
God
that
Anthony
of
Burbon
,
King
of
Navar
who
knew
him
,
and
had
often
heard
him
)
hearing
of
his
●mprisonment
,
sent
to
the
Officers
to
release
him
as
being
one
of
his
train
;
and
when
they
refused
to
do
it
,
he
went
himself
to
the
prison
,
Delivered
by
the
King
of
Nava●
.
complaining
of
the
wrong
that
was
done
him
by
imprisoning
one
that
belonged
to
him
,
being
neither
a
murtherer
nor
thief
;
and
withall
b●●e
Sadeel
follow
〈◊〉
,
and
so
took
him
away
with
him
:
Wherupon
the
day
after
he
publickly
before
the
King
gave
thanks
to
God
for
his
deliverance
,
expounding
the
124
Psalm
.
Then
it
being
judged
the
safest
for
him
to
absent
himself
for
a
while
,
hee
went
to
visit
the
Churches
in
other
parts
of
the
Kingdome
,
and
at
Orleance
he
continued
some
moneths
Preaching
to
many
Citizens
,
and
students
in
the
night
time
,
to
their
great
advantage
.
A
while
after
he
returned
to
Paris
,
His
return
to
Paris
.
and
the
number
of
Churches
increasing
in
France
,
A
Synod
.
there
was
a
Synod
held
at
Paris
of
Ministers
and
Elders
(
the
first
that
ever
was
there
)
who
assembled
to
draw
up
a
Confession
of
their
Faith
,
unto
which
Sadeel
prefixed
an
Epistle
,
and
which
afterwards
was
presented
to
the
King
by
the
Admiral
Col●gnie
:
But
the
King
shortly
after
dying
,
the
Queen
Mother
,
and
the
Guises
drew
all
the
Government
of
the
Kingdome
into
their
hands
,
and
raised
a
great
persecution
against
the
Church
,
A
persecution
rai●ed
.
drawing
many
of
all
ranks
to
prisons
and
punishments
;
yet
Sadeel
intermitted
not
his
office
,
Sadeels
faithfulne●●e
.
but
was
wholly
imployed
in
preaching
to
his
flock
,
comforting
the
dejected
,
confirming
the
weak
,
&c.
till
the
danger
encreasing
,
it
was
thought
fit
that
the
care
of
the
Church
should
be
committed
to
one
Macardus
,
a
man
lesse
known
,
and
that
Sadeel
should
retire
himself
:
And
so
hee
went
into
severall
parts
of
the
Kingdom
,
The
Church
thrives
by
persecution
.
and
thereby
much
propagated
the
true
Faith
.
The
yeare
after
,
the
persecution
not
being
so
violent
at
Paris
,
Sadeel
could
not
refrain
from
going
to
his
Flock
which
he
loved
so
dearly
.
His
sicknesse
.
Anno
Christi
1561
he
fell
sick
of
a
Quartan
Ague
,
and
by
the
advice
of
his
Physitians
and
friends
he
was
perswaded
to
goe
into
his
own
Country
;
His
painfulnes
.
yet
neither
there
did
he
live
idle
,
but
preached
up
and
down
to
the
spirituall
advantage
of
many
.
From
thence
he
was
called
to
be
the
moderator
in
a
Synod
at
Orleance
,
A
Synod
.
where
the
opinion
was
discussed
,
and
confuted
,
of
some
that
held
,
That
the
Government
of
the
Church
should
not
be
in
the
Eldership
,
but
in
the
body
of
the
Congregation
;
and
Sadeel
took
so
much
paines
in
this
point
,
Independents
error
confuted
.
that
the
first
Author
of
that
Schism
was
confuted
,
and
converted
,
and
publickly
in
writing
confessed
,
and
recanted
his
error
.
Being
returned
to
Paris
,
the
persecution
began
to
grow
so
hot
there
again
,
He
is
againe
driven
from
Paris
.
that
he
was
perswaded
to
retire
himself
from
the
same
,
after
which
he
never
could
return
to
his
flock
that
so
loved
,
and
was
beloved
of
him
.
After
his
departure
he
was
present
at
,
and
moderated
in
many
Synods
of
the
French
Churches
;
He
is
driven
out
of
France
.
but
withall
hee
was
so
hated
of
the
wicked
,
that
at
last
hee
was
driven
from
thence
to
Lausanna
where
hee
preached
for
a
time
,
and
from
thence
he
went
to
Geneva
,
where
for
divers
years
he
was
a
Pastor
.
But
the
Church
in
France
having
some
peace
,
His
return
into
France
.
he
returned
thither
again
,
and
at
Lions
and
Burgundy
edified
the
Churches
exceedingly
.
Afterwards
he
was
sent
for
by
Henry
the
fourth
,
He
goes
to
the
K.
of
Navar.
King
of
Navarr
,
to
whom
he
went
very
unwillingly
,
not
liking
a
Court
life
;
yet
by
the
advice
of
his
friends
,
he
went
to
him
,
&
for
three
years
space
in
all
his
troubles
was
with
him
,
comforting
,
and
encouraging
him
very
much
;
and
at
the
battle
of
Courtrass
,
a
little
before
it
began
,
he
stood
in
the
head
of
the
Army
,
and
prayed
earnestly
for
successe
,
which
much
encouraged
all
the
Souldiers
;
and
when
they
had
gotten
the
Victory
,
he
also
gave
publick
,
and
solemn
thanks
unto
God
for
the
same
.
But
by
reason
of
sickness
and
weakness
,
being
unable
to
follow
that
kind
of
life
any
longer
▪
he
was
with
much
unwillingness
dismissed
by
the
King
,
Gods
providence
.
&
went
through
his
enemies
countries
in
much
danger
till
hee
came
to
his
wife
and
children
at
Geneva
.
He
goes
to
Geneva
.
Shortly
after
hee
was
sent
by
order
from
the
King
of
Navar
into
Germany
,
Upon
an
Ambassie
to
the
Protestant
Princes
,
〈◊〉
sent
into
Germany
.
where
not
onely
the
Universities
,
but
the
Princes
also
received
him
in
a
very
honourable
manner
,
especially
Prince
Cassimire
,
and
the
Lantgrave
of
Hesse
.
Anno
Christi
1589
he
returned
to
Geneva
,
where
in
the
middest
of
many
troubles
he
continued
in
the
worke
of
his
Ministry
to
the
end
of
his
life
:
And
when
the
City
was
besieged
by
the
Spaniards
,
and
others
,
he
oft
went
out
with
the
Citizens
to
the
fights
,
so
encouraging
them
,
that
,
through
Gods
mercy
,
a
few
of
them
put
thousands
of
the
enemies
to
flight
many
times
.
At
last
hee
fell
sick
of
a
Plurisie
,
His
sicknesse
.
and
though
the
Physitians
apprehended
no
danger
,
yet
hee
foretold
that
it
would
be
mortal
;
Death
sore
old
.
and
retiring
himself
from
the
world
,
he
wholly
conversed
with
God
.
Praiers
were
made
daily
for
him
in
the
congregations
,
and
Beza
and
the
other
Ministers
visited
him
often
,
with
prayers
and
tears
begging
his
recovery
.
Comfort
in
death
.
His
death
.
He
enjoyed
much
inward
peace
and
comfort
in
his
sickness
,
and
at
last
slept
in
the
Lord
Anno
Christi
1591
,
and
of
his
age
57.
His
losse
was
much
bewailed
by
the
whole
City
,
his
Preaching
was
not
too
curious
,
and
yet
not
void
of
Art
and
Eloquence
:
So
that
his
Ministry
was
alwaies
most
gratefull
to
the
people
.
He
was
very
holy
and
exemplary
in
his
life
,
and
had
most
of
the
learned
men
of
those
times
for
his
special
friends
.
He
was
tall
,
and
slender
of
his
body
,
had
a
pale
face
,
red
haire
,
His
Character
.
sharp
sight
,
a
countenance
composed
of
gravity
,
and
courtesie
.
He
was
very
sickly
,
so
that
except
he
had
been
very
careful
of
himselfe
,
he
could
not
possibly
have
endured
such
labours
and
studyes
as
he
was
exercised
in
.
In
his
Sermons
his
profitable
matter
was
adorned
with
eloquence
;
his
brevity
caused
not
obscurity
,
nor
his
prolixity
tediousness
:
His
pronounciation
and
gestures
were
modest
and
comly
.
Hee
used
no
bitterness
of
speech
,
nor
expressions
that
favoured
of
anger
.
He
was
very
powerfull
in
prayer
.
His
writings
were
mixed
with
much
learning
;
and
though
he
was
admired
for
his
excellent
parts
,
and
put
upon
many
,
and
great
imployments
,
yet
was
he
far
from
vain-glory
.
He
disesteemed
all
earthly
things
,
and
breathed
after
nothing
but
Christ
.
His
liberality
was
wel
known
in
the
Churches
of
Paris
,
Orleance
,
Lions
,
His
works
.
and
in
many
other
places
.
Lastly
,
he
was
of
a
very
innocent
,
and
exemplay
life
.
His
Workes
are
published
in
four
Tomes
.
W.
WHITAKER
The
Life
of
William
Whitaker
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1595.
WIlliam
Whitaker
was
born
at
Holme
in
the
Parish
of
Bournley
in
Lancashire
,
His
birth
a●d
Parentage
.
of
an
ancient
Family
.
His
Father
was
one
who
by
his
industry
increased
the
ancient
inheritance
of
the
Whitakers
.
His
Mother
came
of
the
two
worshipfull
Familes
of
the
Townlies
and
Nowels
.
In
his
childhood
he
was
educated
under
his
parents
wings
,
and
brought
up
in
the
School
of
Bournley
:
But
when
he
was
thirteen
years
old
,
he
was
sent
for
up
to
London
by
his
Uncle
Alexander
Nowel
,
His
education
.
Dean
of
Pauls
,
either
because
he
saw
he
was
brought
up
in
the
Popish
Religion
,
or
because
he
discerned
the
boy
to
be
of
an
excellent
wit
,
or
out
of
a
desire
to
exercise
his
charity
,
and
to
deserve
well
of
his
kindred
:
And
when
he
came
,
he
kept
him
in
his
own
house
,
and
placed
him
in
Pauls
School
,
where
he
profited
so
much
,
that
at
eighteen
years
old
he
was
sent
to
Cambridge
to
Trinity
Colledge
under
the
tuition
of
one
Master
West
,
He
goes
to
Cambridge
.
where
,
by
his
diligence
and
proficience
in
his
studyes
,
he
procured
such
love
and
esteem
,
that
hee
was
chosen
first
Scholar
,
His
preferment
in
the
University
.
and
then
Fellow
of
the
House
;
by
which
meanes
being
taken
more
notice
of
,
the
excellency
of
his
wit
and
learning
did
more
appear
:
For
in
all
his
Disputations
either
in
the
Colledge
or
Schooles
,
he
still
carried
away
the
bell
:
And
so
with
the
generall
approbation
,
and
applause
of
all
,
he
took
his
Degrees
of
Batchelor
,
and
Master
of
Arts
,
which
when
he
had
done
,
he
did
not
(
as
many
)
neglect
his
studies
,
as
if
he
had
need
to
make
no
further
progress
,
but
with
greater
alacrity
and
diligence
he
still
pressed
on
towards
perfection
,
His
gratitude
.
and
to
shew
his
gratitude
and
proficiency
to
his
Uncle
Doctor
Nowel
,
he
turned
his
elegant
and
learned
Latine
Catechism
into
Greek
very
acurately
,
and
so
presented
it
to
him
;
and
that
hee
might
bee
usefull
to
the
Church
,
he
turned
the
English
Liturgie
into
Latine
,
hereby
declaring
what
an
excellent
ornament
he
was
likely
to
prove
to
the
whole
Commonwealth
of
England
:
Yea
he
adventured
upon
a
more
difficult
work
,
which
hee
performed
to
his
great
commendation
,
of
turning
Bishop
Jewels
Disputations
against
Harding
into
Latine
,
which
redounded
to
the
great
benefit
of
all
Christian
Churches
,
and
to
the
propagation
of
the
Orthodox
Faith
.
By
these
Works
he
procured
much
respect
in
the
University
,
He
is
made
Father
at
the
Commencement
.
so
that
the
Heads
of
the
Houses
when
the
Commencement
drew
on
,
choose
him
,
being
yet
young
,
to
bee
Father
of
many
Sonnes
,
whom
he
was
not
only
to
instruct
and
encourage
in
their
studies
,
and
to
quicken
to
further
diligence
and
industry
;
but
also
to
handle
Philosophicall
questions
,
and
to
defend
them
against
learned
and
acute
opponents
;
which
ta●k
was
by
so
much
the
more
difficult
,
by
how
much
hee
had
but
short
warning
,
yet
did
hee
perform
it
with
such
strength
and
prudence
,
that
hee
raised
in
the
mindes
of
all
his
Auditors
an
admiration
of
his
singular
learning
and
eloquence
.
A
while
after
leaving
Plato
and
Aristotle
,
he
became
a
diligent
reader
of
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
He
studies
Divinity
.
to
which
,
as
every
Christian
ought
,
he
alwaies
attributed
the
chiefest
authority
,
not
onely
to
build
our
Faith
upon
,
but
to
determine
all
doubts
,
and
controversies
by
.
He
turned
over
also
diligently
all
the
principal
Modern
Commentators
who
were
faithfull
Interpreters
of
the
Word
of
God
.
And
being
of
an
incredible
industry
,
enduring
heat
and
cold
,
in
a
few
years
space
he
read
over
most
of
the
Fathers
both
Greek
and
Latine
,
and
if
by
any
occasion
of
friends
visits
,
His
In●ustry
.
or
otherwise
,
he
was
interrupted
in
his
studies
,
he
would
gain
so
much
time
out
of
his
sleep
in
the
night
,
as
to
finish
his
task
which
he
had
imposed
upon
him-self
But
as
by
these
his
labours
and
watchings
he
much
encreased
his
learning
,
so
he
much
impaired
the
health
of
his
body
,
which
he
never
recovered
all
his
life
after
.
His
Temperance
.
He
was
very
temperate
in
his
diet
from
his
very
childhood
;
hee
drank
very
little
wine
,
and
in
summer
mixed
it
with
water
:
He
never
overloaded
his
stomack
with
meat
,
no
not
in
the
greatest
Feasts
,
but
alwaies
used
a
sparing
and
moderate
diet
.
He
somtimes
recreated
himself
,
for
his
healths
sake
,
either
by
Shooting
or
Angling
,
and
in
the
Winter
time
when
he
could
do
neither
of
them
,
He
Recreat●ons
.
he
sometimes
refreshed
himself
by
playing
at
the
ingenions
game
at
Chesse
:
In
which
recreations
he
used
to
be
merry
,
and
pleasant
,
without
heat
or
wrangling
,
so
that
it
might
be
easily
discerned
,
that
he
only
sought
the
refreshing
of
his
mind
,
and
the
health
of
his
body
in
them
.
Doctor
Whitgift
,
the
then
Regius
Professor
,
took
so
great
a
liking
of
him
,
and
love
to
him
,
that
he
esteemed
him
as
his
son
all
his
life
after
:
when
he
Common-placed
,
or
Catechised
in
the
Chaphel
,
his
labours
favoured
both
of
learning
and
piety
:
When
hee
tooke
the
Degree
of
Batchelor
in
Divinity
,
he
performed
his
exercises
so
,
that
his
Auditors
knew
not
whether
he
shewed
himself
the
better
Christian
or
Divine
.
When
he
read
in
the
Philosophy
or
Rhetorick
Schools
,
he
seemed
another
Basil
,
when
he
catchised
another
Origen
.
When
he
preached
his
Concio
ad
Clerum
at
his
Commencement
Anno
Christi
1578
,
His
excellent
parts
.
it
abounded
both
with
sanctitie
,
and
all
manner
of
learning
,
and
when
the
Commencement
came
,
he
handled
two
Theological
questions
very
copiously
,
and
strongly
,
and
after
defended
them
acutely
,
and
appositly
,
as
became
a
good
Disputant
;
after
which
he
obtained
his
degree
of
Batchelor
of
Divinity
with
the
approbation
of
all
,
to
whom
he
had
given
abundance
of
satisfaction
.
And
when
this
work
was
over
he
lived
quietly
for
a
while
in
the
Colledge
,
being
never
less
idle
then
when
idle
,
nor
lesse
alone
then
when
alone
:
For
when
hee
was
free
from
publick
businesses
,
hee
prepared
himself
by
studying
Controversies
for
publick
work
,
as
it
were
thereby
presaging
what
afterwards
came
to
passe
.
For
it
fell
out
by
Gods
providence
that
shortly
after
Doctor
Chaderton
,
the
Master
of
Queens
Colledge
and
the
Regius
Professor
was
made
a
Bishop
,
and
though
Whitaker
was
but
young
for
such
a
place
,
He
is
chosen
Professor
.
yet
considering
his
great
learning
,
he
was
unanimously
chosen
to
be
his
successor
in
the
Professorship
,
though
some
were
much
vexed
to
see
such
a
young
man
preferred
before
an
old
,
whom
they
judged
unable
to
undertake
so
great
a
task
.
But
when
hee
began
to
read
his
Lectures
,
he
performed
them
to
the
abundant
satisfaction
of
all
his
hearers
,
nothing
being
found
wanting
which
could
be
required
in
the
best
Divine
,
and
most
accomplished
Professor
:
For
hee
shewed
much
reading
,
a
sharp
judgement
,
a
pure
and
easie
stile
,
with
sound
and
solid
learning
,
so
that
his
fame
spreading
abroad
;
abundance
resorted
to
his
Lectures
,
and
reaped
much
profit
thereby
.
The
first
that
he
began
with
in
his
Lectures
was
to
expound
the
three
first
Chapters
of
Luke
:
His
Lectures
.
After
which
he
went
over
the
Epistle
to
the
Galathians
,
the
first
to
Timothy
,
and
the
Canticles
.
Afterwards
he
betook
himself
to
the
Controversies
between
the
Papists
and
us
,
He
confutes
the
Papists
.
Anno
Christi
1585.
About
that
time
there
came
into
England
a
proud
and
vain-glorious
Jesuit
called
Edmund
Campian
,
As
Campian
.
an
English
man
,
who
set
forth
ten
Arguments
whereby
he
boasted
that
he
had
utterly
overthrown
the
Protestant
Religion
.
To
these
Whitaker
answered
so
fully
and
learnedly
,
that
all
the
Jesuits
brags
vanished
into
smoak
.
But
shortly
after
there
rose
up
Durie
a
Scottish
Jesuit
,
Dury
.
who
undertook
to
answer
Whitaker
,
and
to
vindicate
Campian
.
And
whereas
Campian
had
set
forth
his
Arguments
with
a
great
deal
of
ostentation
,
and
youthly
confidence
:
Durie
on
the
other
side
prosecuted
the
cause
with
dog-like
barking
,
and
railing
,
and
scurrility
.
Whitaker
gave
him
the
preheminence
in
that
,
but
did
so
solidly
answer
all
his
Arguments
,
and
discover
his
fallacies
,
that
the
truth
in
those
points
was
never
more
fully
cleared
by
any
man
.
Then
rose
up
Nicolas
Sanders
,
Sanders
.
an
English
Jesuit
,
who
wrote
about
the
person
of
Antichrist
,
boasting
that
by
forty
demonstrative
Arguments
he
had
proved
that
the
Pope
was
not
Antichrist
.
These
Arguments
Whitaker
examined
,
&
answered
learnedly
,
and
solidly
,
truly
retorting
many
of
them
upon
himself
.
Then
Rainolds
,
Rainolds
.
a
Divine
of
Remes
,
another
English
Apostate
,
pretended
a
reply
,
but
subtilly
and
maliciously
presented
the
English
Divines
differing
amongst
themselves
;
that
by
their
differences
he
might
expose
their
Religion
to
the
greater
hatred
,
and
obloquy
.
But
Whitaker
perceived
,
and
plainly
discovered
his
craftie
fetches
,
and
lies
;
yet
withall
declared
that
he
judged
his
book
so
vain
,
and
foolish
,
that
he
scarce
thought
him
worthy
of
an
answer
.
About
this
time
hee
married
a
Wife
,
His
marriage
.
a
prudent
,
pious
,
chaste
,
and
charitable
woman
.
After
whose
death
at
the
end
of
two
years
,
he
married
another
,
a
grave
Matron
,
the
Widdow
of
Dudley
Fenner
,
by
these
he
had
eight
children
,
whom
he
educated
religiously
.
Stapleton
reproaches
him
for
his
marriage
.
Upon
this
occasion
the
crabbed
old
man
,
Stapleton
,
who
had
neither
learned
to
teach
the
truth
,
nor
to
speak
well
,
nor
to
thinke
chastly
of
others
,
wrote
a
book
against
him
,
objecting
his
marriage
as
a
great
reproach
;
but
surely
this
man
had
not
read
the
words
of
Christ
,
Mat.
9.
11.
nor
of
Paul
1
Cor.
9.
5.
1
Tim.
3.
2.
Nor
what
the
Council
of
Nice
decreed
concerning
the
Marriage
of
Presbyters
upon
the
motion
of
Paphnutius
;
nor
what
Augustine
,
and
others
of
the
Fathers
had
written
about
that
point
:
Or
else
he
was
of
Ho●●aeus
the
Jesuits
mind
,
one
of
the
Popes
Counsellors
,
who
declared
openly
,
that
Priests
sinned
lesse
by
committing
Adultery
,
then
by
marrying
wives
.
Whitaker
never
had
his
Catamites
,
as
many
of
the
Popish
Priests
,
Jesuits
,
Cardinals
,
yea
and
some
of
the
Popes
themselves
had
.
But
to
leave
him
,
and
return
to
our
matter
.
Doctor
Whitaker
was
shortly
after
chosen
Master
of
Saint
Johns
Colledge
in
Cambridge
,
He
is
chosen
Master
of
St.
Johns
.
which
though
at
first
some
of
the
Fellows
and
Students
out
of
self-ends
disliked
,
and
opposed
,
yet
,
within
a
little
space
,
by
his
clemency
,
equitie
,
and
goodnesse
,
he
so
overcame
their
exulcerated
mindes
,
that
he
turned
them
into
love
,
and
admiration
of
him
:
Yea
he
alwaies
governed
the
Colledge
with
much
prudence
and
moderation
,
not
seeking
his
own
profit
but
the
publick
good
,
as
appeared
not
onely
by
the
testimony
of
those
which
lived
with
him
,
but
by
his
frugality
,
wherein
yet
his
gaines
exceeded
not
his
expences
.
In
choosing
Scholars
and
Fellows
,
he
alwayes
carryed
himself
unblameably
and
unpartially
,
so
as
hee
would
never
suffer
any
corruption
to
creep
into
the
Election
;
and
if
he
found
any
who
by
bribes
had
sought
to
buy
Suffrages
,
he
of
all
others
(
though
otherwise
never
so
deserving
)
should
not
be
chosen
.
Lellarmine
about
this
time
growing
famous
,
He
confutes
Bellarmine
.
and
being
looked
upon
by
his
own
party
as
an
invinicible
Champion
,
him
Whitaker
undertakes
,
and
cuts
off
his
head
with
his
own
weapons
:
First
in
the
controversie
about
the
Scriptures
,
published
Anno
Christi
1588.
Then
about
the
Church
,
Councils
,
Bishop
of
Rome
,
the
Minister
,
Saints
departed
,
the
Church
Triumphant
,
His
fidelity
therein
.
the
Sacraments
,
Baptism
,
and
the
Lords
Supper
;
though
hee
had
not
leisure
to
print
them
all
.
In
all
which
controversies
,
he
dealt
not
with
his
adversarie
with
taunts
,
reproaches
,
and
passion
,
but
as
one
that
indeed
sought
out
the
truth
.
Hereupon
that
superstitious
old
man
,
Thomas
Stapleton
,
Professor
of
Lovane
,
Stapleton
tails
.
perceiving
that
Bellarmine
held
his
peace
,
undertook
to
answer
Whitaker
in
that
third
question
of
his
first
part
,
about
the
Scriptures
,
which
he
performed
in
a
volume
large
enough
,
but
as
formerly
,
in
a
scurrilous
,
and
railing
language
.
Therefore
Whitaker
,
Whitaker
answereth
.
lest
the
testy
old
man
should
seeme
wise
in
his
own
eyes
,
answered
him
in
somewhat
a
tarter
language
then
he
used
to
doe
.
The
week
before
he
dyed
he
performed
an
excellent
work
,
not
only
for
the
University
of
Cambridge
,
but
for
the
whole
English
Church
,
for
whose
peace
and
unity
he
alwaies
studied
in
truth
,
by
undertaking
to
compose
some
differences
which
sprang
up
about
some
●●ads
of
Religion
;
for
which
end
he
went
toward
London
in
the
midst
of
winter
,
in
the
company
of
Doctor
Tyndal
,
Master
of
Queens
Colledge
:
but
what
with
his
journey
,
and
want
of
sleep
(
being
too
intent
upon
his
business
)
he
fel
sick
by
the
way
,
His
sicknesse
.
which
made
him
return
to
Cambridge
again
;
and
finding
his
disease
to
encrease
,
he
sent
for
the
Physitians
,
who
,
after
debate
,
resolved
to
let
him
blood
,
which
yet
was
neglected
for
two
daies
:
The
third
day
when
they
went
about
it
,
he
was
unfit
,
by
reason
of
a
continual
sweat
that
he
was
in
,
yet
that
night
he
seemed
to
sleep
quietly
;
and
the
next
morning
a
friend
asking
him
how
he
did
?
he
answered
,
O
happy
night
▪
I
have
not
taken
so
sweet
a
sleep
since
my
disease
seised
upon
me
:
But
his
friend
finding
him
all
in
a
cold
sweat
,
told
him
,
that
signes
of
death
appeared
on
him
.
To
whom
he
answered
,
Life
or
death
is
welcome
to
me
,
which
God
pleaseth
;
for
death
shall
be
an
advantage
to
me
▪
And
after
a
while
he
sayd
,
I
desire
not
to
live
,
but
onely
so
farre
as
I
may
doe
God
and
his
Church
service
:
And
so
shortly
after
he
quietly
departed
in
the
Lord
,
Anno
Christi
1595
,
His
death
.
and
of
his
age
forty
seven
;
Having
been
Professor
sixteen
years
.
Cardinal
Bellarmine
procured
his
picture
out
of
England
,
Bellarmine
admired
him
.
and
hung
it
up
in
his
study
,
much
admiring
him
for
his
singular
learning
;
and
being
asked
by
a
Jesuit
,
why
he
would
suffer
the
picture
of
that
Heretick
to
hang
there
,
he
answered
,
Quòd
quamvis
Haereticus
,
&
Adversarius
esset
,
esset
tamen
doctus
Adversarius
,
that
though
hee
was
an
Heretick
,
and
his
Adversary
,
yet
he
was
a
learned
Adversary
.
In
the
whole
course
of
his
disease
,
which
was
a
Fever
,
His
carriage
in
his
sicknesse
.
hee
demeaned
himself
quietly
and
mildly
,
acknowledging
God
to
be
the
author
of
his
disease
,
to
whose
will
hee
willingly
submitted
himself
,
without
the
least
sign
of
impatiency
,
saying
with
Job
,
Lord
my
God
,
though
thou
kill
me
,
yet
I
am
sure
that
with
these
eyes
I
shall
see
thee
;
His
Character
.
for
in
thee
do
I
hope
.
In
his
habit
countenance
,
and
in
the
whole
course
of
his
life
he●
shewed
forth
piety
and
holynesse
;
and
in
his
private
family
where
he
most
discovered
himself
,
he
was
the
same
man
.
Hee
was
most
patient
in
injuries
,
which
he
quickly
forgat
,
&
was
easily
reconciled
to
those
which
deserved
worst
of
him
.
Hee
was
very
charitable
and
liberal
to
the
poor
,
according
to
his
estate
,
His
great
charity
.
which
yet
he
alwaies
carried
privately
,
that
others
might
not
take
notice
of
it
;
but
especially
he
was
most
bountiful
to
such
poor
as
were
modest
,
godly
,
and
industrious
,
and
yet
more
especially
to
such
poor
Students
as
were
ingenious
,
&
painful
.
These
he
would
often
secretly
furnish
with
mony
,
and
prefer
them
to
places
as
far
as
by
the
Statutes
of
the
Colledge
he
could
.
In
passing
judgement
upon
other
mens
lives
and
actions
he
was
alwaies
very
modest
and
moderate
.
Those
whom
he
saw
doe
well
,
he
would
encourage
and
commend
:
For
those
that
brake
out
into
inordinate
practises
,
he
would
grieve
,
and
mourn
.
In
his
converse
with
his
friends
,
he
was
very
courteous
,
apert
,
and
pleasant
:
Faithfull
in
keeping
secrets
;
prudent
and
grave
in
serious
matters
:
Alwaies
most
prompt
,
and
ready
to
assist
his
friends
in
every
condition
,
either
with
counsel
,
comfort
,
or
money
.
His
piety
towards
his
parents
was
singular
,
His
piety
to
his
parents
.
towards
whom
he
was
very
dutyfull
,
and
whom
he
supported
being
faln
into
decay
through
ill
husbandry
:
And
that
which
added
a
lustre
to
his
learning
,
virtue
,
and
graces
,
was
,
that
they
were
accompanied
with
Moses-like
meekness
,
and
almost
incredible
humility
.
For
although
hee
was
endued
with
a
most
sharp
wit
,
His
humility
.
happy
memory
,
variety
of
reading
,
excellent
eloquence
as
ever
was
in
any
Divine
,
and
lastly
with
a
most
learned
,
and
polite
judgement
,
so
that
he
was
the
Oracle
of
the
University
,
and
miracle
of
the
world
,
yet
did
he
not
hold
any
singular
,
or
private
opinion
,
but
what
was
agreeable
to
the
sound
Doctrine
of
the
Word
of
God
,
and
the
peace
of
the
Church
;
yea
he
was
so
humble
,
that
he
despised
not
his
inferiours
,
but
carried
himself
as
a
child
that
is
weaned
from
his
Mothers
breasts
.
Besides
what
works
are
mentioned
before
in
his
life
,
His
Works
.
and
are
printed
,
he
left
divers
others
,
as
,
Conciones
ad
Clerum
.
Breves
determinationes
questionum
Theologicarum
.
Determinationes
aliae
pleniores
.
Libollus
contra
Thomam
Stapletonum
de
originali
peccato
.
L.
DANAEVS
The
Life
of
Lambert
Danaeus
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1596.
LAmbaert
Daneus
was
born
at
Orleance
in
France
Anno
Chr.
His
birth
and
education
.
1530.
He
was
of
an
acute
wit
,
and
wonderfully
addicted
to
learning
,
so
that
by
his
diligence
,
and
extraordinary
pains
he
attained
to
a
great
measure
of
knowledge
,
and
skill
in
all
the
Liberall
sciences
:
which
he
adorned
by
adding
to
the
knowledge
of
them
,
the
study
of
the
sacred
Scriptures
.
In
his
younger
years
he
studied
the
civill
Law
four
yeares
at
Orleance
,
under
that
worthy
,
and
godly
man
Annas
Burgius
,
who
being
afterwards
for
his
worth
made
one
of
the
Parliament
of
Paris
,
in
the
year
1559
;
for
his
constant
defence
and
confession
of
the
Truth
was
first
strangled
,
and
then
burnt
.
Danaeus
being
stirred
up
by
this
rare
example
of
his
Masters
piety
,
changing
his
former
purpose
,
betook
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
and
(
embracing
the
Reformed
Religion
)
hee
thereupon
went
to
Geneva
,
He
goes
to
Geneva
An.
Christi
1560
,
where
he
wholly
applyed
himself
to
attain
the
knowledge
of
the
Truth
,
and
by
his
extraordinary
diligence
,
reading
over
almost
infinite
Authors
,
and
by
his
wonderfull
memory
,
he
easily
attained
to
be
esteemed
one
of
the
greatest
Divines
that
lived
in
that
age
.
His
admirable
Learning
.
Hee
was
so
versed
in
the
Fathers
and
School-Divines
,
that
none
excelled
him
,
and
few
attained
to
the
like
exactnesse
therein
;
whence
one
saith
of
him
,
Marum
est
,
homuncionis
unius
ingenium
,
tot
,
&
tam
diversas
scientias
haurire
,
&
retinere
potuisse
.
At
Geneva
he
was
admitted
into
the
number
of
Doctors
,
and
Pastors
,
and
by
his
learned
labours
was
exceeding
usefull
both
to
the
Church
and
University
;
Eruditus
enim
animus
semper
aliquid
ex
se
promit
,
quod
tum
alios
doceat
delecte●ve
;
tum
seipsum
laudibus
illustret
.
He
alwaies
employed
himself
in
writing
something
whereby
he
might
approve
himself
a
godly
Divine
,
and
excellent
Scholar
to
all
Learned
men
.
From
Geneva
hee
was
called
to
the
University
of
Leiden
,
where
hee
was
received
with
much
joy
,
He
is
called
to
Leiden
.
and
was
exceedingly
admired
for
his
learning
,
acutenesse
of
wit
,
promptnesse
,
and
strength
of
memory
in
alledging
,
and
reciting
the
sentences
of
the
Fathers
,
Schoolmen
,
Canonisks
,
and
prophane
writers
.
From
thence
,
after
a
years
●●ay
,
he
was
called
to
Gaunt
,
Anno
Christi
1582
,
From
thence
to
Gaunt
.
where
hee
taught
not
many
yeares
:
For
when
he
perceived
the
City
to
bee
so
divided
,
and
full
of
tumults
,
foreseeing
the
storm
that
was
coming
upon
it
,
hee
left
it
,
and
,
being
sent
for
,
went
into
Navar
,
where
,
by
his
teaching
,
And
thence
to
Navar.
and
writing
,
he
made
the
University
of
Orthesia
,
near
to
Spain
,
famous
:
And
at
last
,
having
by
his
extraordinary
paines
,
profited
the
Church
,
and
the
Commonwealth
of
Learning
,
and
by
his
admirable
fruitfull
wit
published
very
many
bookes
,
hee
there
laid
down
his
earthly
tabernacle
Anno
Christi
1596
,
His
death
.
and
of
his
age
sixty
six
.
His
Works
are
these
:
His
Works
▪
Elenchi
Haereticorum
.
Ethices
Christianae
lib.
tres
.
Tractat.
de
Amicitia
Christiana
.
De
ludo
Aleae
.
Physices
Christianae
partes
duae
.
De
venificis
.
Methodus
sacrae
Scripturae
utiliter
tractandae
.
Comment.
in
Epist.
ad
Timotheum
priorem
.
In
Mat.
In
Mar.
Orationis
Dominicae
explicatio
.
Tractatus
de
Antichristo
.
In
Pet.
Lombardi
lib.
1.
Sententiarum
.
Responsio
ad
novas
Genebrardi
calumnias
.
Examen
libri
de
duabus
in
Christo
naturis
Chemnitii
.
Vera
,
&
Orthodoxa
Orthodoxae
Patrum
sententiae
defensio
,
&c.
Antosiander
.
Ad
insidiosum
Osiandri
scriptum
,
&c.
De
tribus
gravissimis
quaestionibus
,
&c.
Ad
Steph.
Gerlacium
.
Elenchus
Sophismatum
ejusdem
.
Ad
Selnecceri
librum
.
Loci
communes
.
Responsio
ad
Bellarmini
disputationes
.
Tabulae
in
Salomonis
Proverb
.
&
Eccles.
Geographiae
Poeticae
.
Aphorismi
Politici
.
Politices
Christianae
lib.
7.
Vetustissimarum
primi
mundi
antiquitatum
lib.
4.
tum
ex
sacris
,
tum
aliis
authoribus
,
&c.
The
Life
of
Robert
Rollock
,
who
died
Anno
Christi
1598.
RObert
Rollock
was
born
in
Scotland
of
the
ancient
Family
of
the
Levingstons
,
Anno
Christi
1555
,
His
Birth
and
Parentage
.
of
parents
of
good
quality
and
credit
.
His
Father
,
David
Rollock
,
being
reasonable
well
learned
himself
,
and
therefore
knowing
the
worth
of
learning
,
His
Education
.
was
very
careful
to
bring
up
his
son
in
the
study
of
the
Liberall
Sciences
,
and
for
that
end
sent
him
to
Sterline
,
and
placed
him
under
Thomas
Bucanan
,
under
whom
he
manifested
an
excellent
wit
,
joyned
with
such
modesty
&
sweetnesse
of
nature
,
that
hee
needed
no
severe
discipline
,
and
by
which
he
drew
Bucanans
affections
to
him
exceedingly
,
who
could
not
but
love
him
for
his
attractive
qual●ties
;
which
love
continued
with
encrease
to
his
lives
end
.
After
at
this
School
he
was
fully
fitted
,
he
went
thence
to
the
University
of
Saint
Andrews
,
He
goes
to
St.
Andrews
.
where
he
spent
four
yeares
in
the
study
of
the
Arts
:
And
those
virtues
which
before
did
but
sparkle
,
now
shon
bright
;
and
he
did
ascend
to
such
an
height
in
those
studies
,
as
scarce
any
of
his
fellows
attained
to
,
but
none
excelled
;
so
that
at
four
years
end
,
his
excellent
abilities
being
taken
notice
of
,
he
was
chosen
a
Professor
of
Philosophy
;
which
office
he
performed
with
great
commendation
for
four
yeares
space
,
adorning
and
illustrating
it
with
his
industry
,
and
piety
,
none
of
his
Colleagues
equalizing
him
therein
.
Anno
Christi
1583
the
Magistrates
of
Edenborough
began
to
think
of
erecting
a
University
in
that
City
,
A
Vniversity
erected
at
Edenborough
.
which
they
did
at
the
instigation
of
that
worthy
man
,
Master
James
Luson
,
their
chief
Pastor
;
the
reason
was
,
because
it
was
the
Metropolis
of
the
Kingdome
,
and
they
could
not
send
their
sonnes
to
Saint
Andrews
,
or
other
Universities
,
without
great
trouble
and
charge
;
and
besides
they
found
that
divers
through
poverty
were
not
able
to
maintain
their
children
abroad
,
whereby
many
excellent
wits
were
imployed
in
Mechanick
trades
;
upon
which
considerations
when
they
had
resolved
to
erect
an
Academy
,
they
in
the
next
place
considered
where
they
might
find
a
fit
man
to
beginne
,
carry
on
,
and
perfect
so
great
a
work
;
and
because
they
could
not
otherwise
do
it
,
they
resolved
to
send
one
or
two
to
Saint
Andrews
,
who
by
diligent
enquiry
should
find
out
such
a
person
:
who
accordingly
going
thither
,
found
that
by
the
generall
vote
of
all
,
there
was
none
thought
so
fit
for
this
worke
as
Robert
Rollock
,
which
the
Magistrates
of
Edenborough
being
informed
of
,
He
is
sent
for
to
Edenborough
.
presently
sent
for
him
,
intreating
that
he
would
undertake
a
work
which
was
like
to
prove
so
exceeding
advantageous
both
to
Church
and
State
;
using
also
other
arguments
,
which
so
far
prevailed
,
that
he
promised
to
come
to
them
.
And
accordingly
in
the
same
year
he
went
to
Edenborough
,
where
by
the
Magistrates
he
was
entertained
courteously
,
He
goes
thither
.
and
in
the
beginning
of
winter
hee
set
upon
the
work
.
And
as
soon
as
it
was
spread
abroad
that
a
University
was
begun
at
Edenborough
,
young
Students
flockt
thither
a
pace
from
all
parts
of
the
Kingdom
;
whom
he
instructed
in
the
Arts
,
He
doth
much
good
.
and
governed
with
severity
mixed
with
clemencie
,
and
so
educated
them
in
Religion
,
that
God
blessed
his
labours
exceedingly
amongst
them
:
For
indeed
he
laboured
in
this
above
all
things
,
that
his
Scholars
should
have
the
marks
of
true
holyness
appearing
in
them
.
Neither
did
God
frustrate
his
expectations
;
for
by
his
exhortations
,
and
Divinity
Lectures
,
be
so
far
prevailed
even
with
the
looser
sort
of
youths
,
that
he
soon
brought
them
into
very
good
order
.
After
four
years
he
examined
them
strictly
,
and
finding
their
proficiency
,
made
them
Masters
of
Art
.
Then
four
Professors
of
Philosophy
were
by
the
Magistrates
substituted
under
him
to
share
in
the
pains
,
Four
Professors
chosen
.
which
were
chosen
out
of
the
ablest
of
those
that
had
commenced
Masters
of
Art
.
These
insisting
in
the
footsteps
of
the
Doctrine
and
Discipline
of
Rollock
,
performed
that
trust
which
was
committed
to
them
with
great
faithfulnesse
and
industry
.
In
the
meane
time
Rollock
underwent
the
whole
charge
and
care
of
the
University
:
For
it
was
his
office
to
look
over
the
severall
Classes
,
to
observe
every
ones
sedulity
,
and
progresse
in
his
studies
:
If
any
discords
arose
,
to
compose
them
by
his
wisdom
,
and
to
keep
every
one
in
the
carefull
discharge
of
his
duty
.
Every
morning
calling
the
Students
together
,
he
prayed
fervently
with
them
,
and
,
one
day
in
the
week
,
expounded
some
portion
of
Scripture
to
them
,
from
whence
hee
raised
Doctrines
,
Exhortations
,
and
Comminations
,
not
painted
with
humane
eloquence
,
His
piety
and
diligence
.
but
grave
,
and
weighty
,
such
as
might
most
work
upon
the
minds
and
hearts
of
young
men
:
And
this
he
did
,
not
that
he
wanted
eloquence
,
but
because
he
despised
such
a
kind
of
affected
speech
in
holy
things
.
By
these
kind
of
Lectures
he
did
more
restraine
,
and
reforme
the
young
men
,
then
by
his
Discipline
;
and
indeed
it
brought
great
profit
both
to
Master
and
Scholars
.
Yet
after
every
Lecture
,
he
took
notice
which
of
them
had
committed
any
faults
that
week
,
whom
hee
would
so
reprove
,
and
lay
the
wrath
of
God
before
their
eyes
,
and
withall
affect
them
with
shame
,
that
he
much
reformed
them
thereby
.
Yea
such
as
would
neither
have
been
reformed
with
words
,
or
stripes
from
others
,
were
so
wrought
upon
by
his
applying
the
threatnings
of
Gods
wrath
,
and
opening
the
sweet
promises
of
mercy
to
them
,
that
usually
they
brake
out
into
sighs
and
tears
.
He
took
also
extraordinary
paines
to
fit
such
for
the
work
of
the
Ministery
as
were
grown
up
to
it
;
so
that
the
Church
received
very
much
benefit
from
thence
,
A
l●rge
increase
of
Ministers
.
having
so
many
able
Pastors
sent
forth
into
it
.
How
much
trouble
,
care
,
and
pains
he
bestowed
in
these
employments
is
not
possibly
to
be
conceived
:
For
he
spent
the
whole
day
,
e●●ept
dinner
time
,
either
in
the
contemplation
of
the
chiefest
points
of
Religion
,
or
in
searching
out
the
sence
of
hard
places
of
Scripture
,
or
in
confuting
the
errors
of
the
Romanists
.
Besides
this
,
he
preached
every
Lords
day
in
the
Church
,
and
that
with
such
fervencie
,
and
evident
demonstration
of
the
spirit
,
Conversion
wrought
by
his
Ministry
.
that
he
was
the
instrument
of
converting
very
many
unto
God
.
He
wrote
also
many
Commentaries
upon
the
Scriptures
,
which
being
printed
,
and
going
abroad
into
other
Countries
,
Beza
meeting
with
that
upon
the
Romans
and
Ephesians
,
wrote
to
a
friend
concerning
them
,
that
hee
had
gotten
a
treasure
of
incomparable
value
,
and
that
he
had
not
met
with
the
like
before
,
Beza's
testimony
.
for
brevity
,
elegancy
,
and
judiciousnesse
:
Whereupon
he
thus
concludes
,
I
pray
God
to
preserve
the
Author
,
and
daily
to
encrease
his
gifts
in
him
,
especially
in
these
times
wherein
the
vineyard
of
the
Lord
hath
so
few
labourers
.
Thus
we
see
how
famous
Rollock
was
with
all
sorts
of
persons
,
for
his
learning
,
virtue
,
and
piety
;
yea
by
his
curtesie
and
candor
he
drew
the
love
of
all
men
.
He
was
so
humble
,
His
humility
.
that
,
though
he
excelled
them
,
yet
he
preferred
all
others
before
himself
,
and
laboured
after
privacy
from
publick
businesse
,
that
he
might
the
better
apply
himselfe
to
his
studies
.
Yet
,
contrary
to
his
mind
,
he
was
often
called
forth
to
publick
businesses
,
which
he
alwaies
dispatched
with
admirable
prudence
.
In
the
two
last
years
of
his
life
he
was
so
involved
in
publick
affairs
,
that
it
much
weakned
his
health
.
He
was
greatly
tormented
with
the
stone
,
His
sicknesse
.
and
troubled
with
weaknesse
of
stomach
,
yet
did
he
not
intermit
his
labours
and
care
of
the
Church
.
In
the
Synod
of
Taodu●
(
where
the
King
himself
was
present
)
Rollock
,
by
the
suffrages
of
all
,
was
chosen
Moderator
,
where
the
too
severe
Articles
of
Perth
were
qualified
;
He
moderates
in
a
Synod
.
and
when
the
King
moved
that
the
Synod
should
choose
some
Commissioners
to
take
care
of
the
Church
in
the
intervall
of
National
Assemblies
,
it
was
readily
assented
to
,
and
Rollock
was
one
of
the
first
that
was
assigned
that
office
.
Anno
Christi
1598
,
his
disease
so
encreased
upon
him
that
he
was
confined
to
his
house
;
but
after
a
while
his
intimate
friend
,
William
Scot
,
perswaded
him
to
go
into
the
Country
,
where
was
a
thinner
,
and
more
healthfull
air
:
which
accordingly
he
did
,
and
seemed
at
first
to
be
better
,
but
presently
his
disease
returned
with
more
violence
,
so
that
he
was
forced
to
keep
his
bed
;
Preparation
for
death
.
whereupon
he
set
his
house
in
order
,
and
his
wife
(
after
ten
years
barrennesse
,
being
with
child
)
he
commended
to
the
care
of
his
friends
.
Two
Noblemen
,
Patrick
Galloway
,
and
David
Lindsey
,
coming
to
visit
him
,
he
professed
to
them
the
hearty
love
which
he
had
alwaies
born
to
the
King
,
His
message
to
the
King
.
withall
requesting
them
from
him
to
go
to
him
,
and
to
entreat
him
in
his
name
to
take
care
of
Religion
,
and
to
persevere
in
it
to
the
end
,
as
hitherto
he
had
done
,
not
suffering
himself
to
be
diverted
from
it
,
either
under
the
hope
of
enlarging
his
dominions
,
or
by
any
other
subtill
device
of
wicked
men
;
and
that
he
would
reverence
&
esteem
the
Pastors
of
the
Church
as
it
was
meet
:
For
(
saith
he
)
that
Ministry
of
Christ
,
though
in
the
judgement
of
man
it
seem
low
and
base
,
yet
at
length
it
shall
shine
with
great
glory
.
When
the
Pastors
of
Edenborough
came
to
him
,
His
exhortation
to
the
Ministers
.
he
made
an
excellent
exhortation
to
them
,
and
profession
of
his
sincerity
,
and
integrity
in
his
place
that
God
had
called
him
to
.
When
the
night
grew
on
,
his
death
also
seemed
to
approach
,
which
he
perceiving
made
such
a
divine
and
heavenly
speech
as
astonished
the
hearers
.
And
when
the
Physitians
were
preparing
Physick
for
him
,
he
said
;
Tu
Deus
medeberis
mihi
,
thou
Lord
wilt
heal
me
:
Then
he
prayed
fervently
that
God
would
pardon
his
sins
for
Christs
sake
;
professing
that
all
other
things
,
Christ
preferred
before
all
things
.
how
great
soever
they
seemed
to
others
,
yet
he
accounted
them
all
but
dung
and
drosse
in
comparison
of
the
excellency
of
Christs
crosse
:
Praying
further
,
that
he
might
have
an
happy
departure
,
and
enjoy
Gods
presence
,
which
he
had
often
breathed
after
,
saying
,
I
have
hitherto
seen
but
darkly
in
the
glasse
of
thy
Word
,
O
Lord
,
grant
that
I
may
enjoy
Death
desired
.
the
eternall
fruition
of
thy
countenance
,
which
I
have
so
much
desired
,
and
longed
for
.
Then
did
he
make
such
an
admirable
speech
about
the
Resurrection
,
and
Life
Eternal
,
as
if
so
be
he
already
been
translated
into
heaven
:
Then
giving
his
hand
to
all
that
were
present
,
like
old
Jacob
,
he
blessed
them
all
,
adding
to
his
benediction
exhortations
according
to
every
mans
quality
,
or
office
:
Yet
that
night
after
he
slept
better
then
was
expected
.
The
day
after
when
the
City
Magistrates
came
to
see
him
,
he
spake
to
them
to
be
very
careful
of
the
University
,
His
exhortation
to
the
Ministers
.
desiring
to
choose
into
his
room
Henry
Charter
,
a
man
every
way
fit
for
that
employment
.
He
commended
to
their
care
also
his
wife
,
His
poverty
.
professing
that
he
had
not
laid
up
one
penny
of
his
stipend
,
and
therefore
hee
hoped
they
would
provide
for
her
.
To
these
requests
the
Magistrates
assented
,
promising
faithfully
to
perform
them
.
Then
did
he
intreat
the
Professors
of
Philosophy
,
that
they
would
be
carefull
,
and
diligent
in
the
performance
of
their
duty
,
and
that
they
would
be
obedient
to
his
successor
;
after
which
he
said
,
I
blesse
God
,
I
have
all
my
senses
entire
,
His
heavenly
speech
.
but
my
heart
is
in
heaven
:
And
,
Lord
Jesus
,
why
shouldst
not
thou
have
it
?
it
hath
been
my
care
all
my
life
long
to
dedicate
it
to
thee
,
I
pray
thee
take
it
that
it
may
live
with
thee
for
ever
.
When
he
had
thus
spoken
,
he
fell
into
a
slumber
,
out
of
which
when
he
awaked
,
he
breathed
earnestly
to
be
dissolved
,
and
to
be
with
Christ
,
saying
,
Come
Lord
Jesus
,
put
an
end
to
this
miserable
life
;
hast
Lord
,
and
tarry
not
;
Christ
hath
redeemed
me
,
not
unto
a
frail
and
momentary
,
but
unto
eternall
life
.
Come
Lord
Jesus
,
and
give
mee
that
life
for
which
thou
hast
redeemed
me
.
Then
some
of
the
standers
by
bewaile
their
condition
when
he
should
be
taken
away
:
to
whom
he
said
,
I
have
gone
through
all
the
degrees
of
this
life
,
and
now
am
come
to
my
end
,
why
should
I
goe
back
againe
?
O
Lord
help
me
that
I
may
go
through
this
last
degree
with
thy
assistance
:
Lead
me
to
that
glory
which
I
have
seen
as
through
a
glass
:
O
that
I
were
with
thee
!
And
when
some
told
him
that
the
next
day
was
the
Sabbath
,
he
said
,
Thy
Sabbath
,
O
Lord
,
shall
begin
my
eternall
Sabbath
:
My
eternall
Sabbath
shall
take
its
beginning
from
thy
Sabbath
.
The
next
morning
feeling
his
approaching
death
,
he
sent
for
Master
Belcanqual
to
pray
with
him
,
who
in
his
prayer
desired
the
Lord
,
if
he
pleased
,
to
prolong
his
life
for
the
good
of
his
Church
;
whereupon
he
said
,
I
am
weary
of
this
life
,
all
my
desire
is
that
I
may
enjoy
that
celestiall
life
that
is
hid
with
Christ
in
God
.
And
a
while
after
he
prayed
again
,
saying
,
Hast
Lord
,
and
doe
not
tarry
:
I
am
a
weary
both
of
nights
and
daies
:
Come
Lord
Jesus
,
that
I
may
come
to
thee
:
Break
these
eye-strings
,
and
give
me
others
:
I
desire
to
be
dissolved
,
and
to
be
with
thee
:
Hast
Lord
Iesus
,
and
defer
no
longer
:
Go
forth
my
weak
life
,
and
let
a
better
succeed
:
O
Lord
Jesus
thrust
thy
hand
into
my
body
,
and
take
my
soul
to
thy self
:
O
my
sweet
Lord
,
set
this
soul
of
mine
free
,
that
it
may
enjoy
her
husband
.
And
when
one
of
the
standers
by
said
,
Sir
,
Let
nothing
trouble
you
;
for
now
your
Lord
makes
hast
;
he
said
,
O
welcome
message
,
would
to
God
my
funerals
might
be
to
morrow
.
And
thus
continued
he
in
such
heavenly
prayers
and
speeches
,
His
death
.
til
he
quietly
resigned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
,
Anno
Christi
1598
,
and
of
his
age
43.
Reliquit
Commentarios
in
aliquot
Psalmos
selectos
.
His
Works
.
In
Danielem
,
In
S.
Johannem
,
eum
ejus
harmonia
in
passionem
,
&
victoriam
Dominicam
.
In
Epist.
ad
Ephesios
,
Coloss.
Thess.
Galat.
Scripsit
&
Analysin
in
Epist.
ad
Romanos
,
&
ad
Heb.
tractaum
de
vocatione
efficaci
,
&c.
The
Life
of
Nicolas
Hemingius
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1600.
NIcolas
Hemingius
was
born
at
Loland
in
Denmark
,
His
birth
and
Parentage
.
Anno
Christi
1513
,
of
obscure
,
but
honest
parents
;
but
his
Father
dying
when
he
was
young
,
his
Uncle
,
who
was
a
Black-smith
,
brought
him
up
carefully
in
learning
,
placing
him
in
the
School
at
Nystadia
,
His
education
.
where
he
continued
ten
yeares
:
Then
in
the
School
of
Naschovia
,
where
he
remained
three
years
:
From
thence
he
removed
to
Nykopin
,
where
also
he
remained
three
years
:
And
from
thence
to
a
School
in
Zealand
,
where
likewise
hee
continued
three
years
.
He
studies
Greek
.
At
last
hee
came
to
Roschildia
,
where
hearing
there
was
one
Benedict
,
a
famous
learned
man
,
and
a
good
Grecian
,
that
read
at
Lunden
,
he
went
thither
,
and
was
under
him
three
yeares
.
And
Benedict
,
perceiving
his
excellent
wit
,
his
diligence
,
and
modesty
,
was
very
helpfull
to
him
.
Then
had
Hemingius
an
ardent
desire
to
goe
to
W●ttenb●rg
,
which
was
made
famous
by
Philips
Melancthons
Lectures
,
and
having
gotten
some
little
money
in
his
purse
,
he
travelled
thitherward
;
but
by
the
way
s●me
theeves
met
him
,
He
is
robbed
.
and
stripped
him
of
all
that
he
had
;
yet
when
he
came
to
Wittenb●rg
,
he
found
the
people
very
charitable
to
him
,
Charity
.
especially
Melancthon
.
There
he
remained
five
years
,
and
by
his
writing
for
,
and
attending
upon
richer
students
,
His
Industry
.
and
teaching
some
privately
,
he
maintained
himself
.
When
he
returned
home
,
he
had
an
ample
testimony
from
Melancthon
for
his
excellent
wit
and
learning
.
His
return
home
.
A
while
after
his
return
he
was
intertained
by
Olaus
Nicholas
to
teach
his
daughters
.
And
from
thence
he
was
chosen
to
be
Pastor
at
Hafnia
,
and
accordingly
ordained
to
it
;
which
place
he
discharged
with
much
diligence
,
He
is
Pastor
of
Hafnia
.
and
faithfulnesse
.
And
when
many
young
students
resorted
to
him
,
he
read
privately
to
them
:
And
by
his
extraordinary
paines
gat
so
much
credit
,
that
shortly
after
he
was
chosen
Hebrew
Professor
in
that
University
.
In
which
place
he
read
Hebrew
and
Logick
,
to
the
great
benefit
of
many
.
And
about
the
same
time
he
printed
that
excellent
book
De
Methodo
,
which
he
dedicated
to
Christian
the
third
,
King
of
Denmark
,
who
bountifully
rewarded
him
for
the
same
.
Anno
Christi
1578
he
was
made
Doctor
in
Divinity
,
He
is
Hebrew
Professor
.
And
Doctor
.
and
performed
the
office
of
a
Divinity
Professor
with
admirable
diligence
and
paines
for
six
and
twenty
years
together
;
as
appeares
by
those
many
excellent
bookes
published
by
him
in
that
time
.
Anno
Christi
1579
,
when
hee
was
grown
old
,
and
exhausted
with
his
daily
labours
,
Frederick
the
second
,
King
of
Denmark
,
gave
him
a
liberall
Pension
,
upon
which
he
lied
contentedly
and
comfortably
all
the
remainder
of
his
daies
:
Yet
neither
then
was
he
idle
,
but
imployed
his
time
in
writing
,
and
publishing
books
.
Some
years
before
his
death
he
grew
blind
,
and
was
troubled
with
several
diseases
,
desiring
nothing
more
then
that
he
might
be
dissolved
,
Death
desired
.
and
be
with
Christ
.
A
little
before
his
death
he
expounded
the
103
Psalm
,
with
so
much
fervor
,
efficacy
,
and
power
of
the
Holy
Ghost
,
that
all
that
heard
him
wondred
at
it
,
His
Death
.
and
shortly
after
resigned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
,
Anno
1600
,
and
of
his
age
87.
Scripta
ejus
sunt
varia
,
exegetica
,
didactica
,
&
polemica
.
The
Life
of
James
Heerbrand
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1600.
JAmes
Heerbrand
was
born
at
Noricum
,
His
birth
and
Parentage
.
Anno
Christi
1521
,
of
an
ancient
Family
.
His
Father
was
one
of
Luther's
Disciples
,
and
seeing
the
towardlinesse
and
promptnesse
of
his
son
,
was
carefull
to
bring
him
up
in
Religion
and
Learning
.
At
seven
years
old
he
set
him
to
School
;
and
yet
had
a
watchfull
eye
over
him
,
His
Education
.
to
carry
on
the
work
of
piety
,
requiring
him
to
repeat
every
Sermon
that
hee
heard
.
At
twelve
years
old
hi●
Father
bought
him
a
fair
Bible
,
which
he
diligently
read
over
,
and
used
all
his
life
after
.
His
Father
also
perceiving
that
naturally
he
was
much
inclined
to
Musick
,
he
would
not
suf●er
him
to
learn
it
,
lest
it
should
be
an
impediment
to
him
in
his
other
studies
.
And
so
when
he
had
been
sufficiently
grounded
in
Grammar-learning
,
he
was
sent
to
Ulm
,
He
goes
to
Ulm.
where
the
Colloquies
of
Erasmus
were
publickly
rea●
;
but
Pope
Paul
,
suspecting
that
that
book
might
do
much
h●●t
amongst
youth
,
because
it
discovered
many
errors
and
vices
of
the
Papists
,
forbade
the
use
of
it
;
yet
this
caused
it
more
to
be
read
,
especially
by
Heerbrand
,
who
gat
much
good
by
it
.
At
Ulm
also
he
studied
the
Arts
and
Tongues
,
and
a
seventeen
years
old
his
Father
sent
him
to
Wittenberg
,
〈◊〉
to
Wit●enberg
.
to
hear
Luther
,
and
Melancthon
,
in
the
year
1538
,
which
year●
was
famous
for
divers
things
:
For
then
the
Kingdome
of
Denmark
embraced
the
Gospel
;
M●rabilis
〈◊〉
.
The
Emperour
and
King
of
France
met
together
to
treat
of
peace
:
The
Bible
was
printed
in
English
at
Paris
:
The
University
of
Strasborou●h
was
erected
:
The
Sect
of
the
Antinomians
was
detected
:
The
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
imbraced
the
Augustan●
Confession
:
And
the
Sea
by
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
was
wholly
dry
for
eight
miles
together
,
A
Predigy
.
out
of
which
place
●ire
,
and
ashes
brake
forth
so
abundantly
,
that
many
places
were
miserably
destroyed
thereby
.
In
the
University
of
Wittenberg
,
Heerbrand
studied
the
Arts
with
great
diligence
,
His
studiousnes
and
was
so
sparing
of
his
time
,
that
he
would
not
intermit
one
hour
from
his
studies
;
insomuch
that
other
students
called
him
Suevicam
N●ctuam
,
the
Swevian
Night-crow
.
He
heard
Luther
and
Melancthons
Lectures
with
●uch
diligence
,
as
also
Bugenhag
reading
upon
Deuteronomie
,
Cruciger
sen.
upon
Saint
John
,
George
Major
reading
private
Lectures
upon
Genesis
:
Besides
which
hee
attended
the
publick
Sermons
of
these
famous
men
,
which
he
wrote
,
repeated
,
meditated
on
,
and
laboured
to
rivet
in
his
memory
.
An.
Christi
1540
he
commenced
Master
of
Arts.
He
is
Master
of
Arts.
He
preached
also
abroad
in
the
villages
on
the
Sabbath
dayes
.
And
thus
having
spent
five
yeares
in
his
studies
,
he
returned
home
with
an
ample
testimony
from
Melancthon
,
His
return
home
.
and
the
University
.
When
he
came
home
,
the
Pastors
of
the
Church
appointed
him
to
Preach
,
which
he
performed
with
great
approbation
,
and
commendation
of
all
.
His
Parents
rejoycing
much
at
his
proficiency
,
would
needs
have
him
employ
his
Talent
in
his
own
country
;
and
at
Stutgard
,
Snepfius
(
being
Superintendent
)
examined
him
,
and
finding
his
abilities
,
said
,
Dominus
te
mihi
obtulit
,
the
Lord
hath
offered
thee
unto
me
.
Being
but
twenty
two
years
old
he
was
made
Deacon
at
Tubing
.
He
is
made
Deacon
.
In
which
employment
he
continued
six
yeares
,
and
followed
his
studies
in
that
University
.
He
also
privately
read
Mathematick
Lectures
to
many
;
His
diligence
.
and
sometimes
preached
in
the
Castle
of
Tubing
,
before
Prince
Ulrick
;
who
loved
him
very
well
,
and
told
his
Courtiers
that
he
would
prove
a
great
Divine
.
The
year
1546
was
fatall
by
the
death
of
Luther
;
and
the
war
of
the
Emperour
began
against
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
and
the
Lantgrave
of
Hesse
.
Anno
Christi
1547
,
His
marriage
.
Heerbrand
married
a
wife
,
Margaret
,
the
daughter
of
Conrade
Stamler
,
Consul
of
Tubing
,
by
whom
he
had
eight
sons
,
and
three
daughters
.
An.
Christi
1548
came
forth
that
accursed
Interim
,
at
which
time
Heerbrand
,
He
is
banished
.
amongst
other
Ministers
that
rejected
it
,
was
banished
from
Tubing
:
And
being
out
of
employment
,
hee
studyed
Hebrew
,
till
Prince
Ulrick
being
dead
,
his
son
Christopher
,
who
succeeded
him
,
called
back
the
Ministers
,
and
Heerbrand
amongst
them
,
to
their
former
places
.
Hee
also
made
him
Pastor
of
Herrenberg
.
His
return
.
Anno
Christi
1550
he
commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
,
and
the
Councill
of
Trent
beginning
about
this
time
,
Heerbrand
perceiving
with
what
weapons
he
was
to
sight
with
the
Popish
Doctors
,
applyed
himself
to
the
study
of
the
Fathers
,
He
is
Doctor
.
and
spent
four
years
and
a
half
therein
,
gathering
their
opinions
about
all
the
points
of
Divinity
,
which
he
digested
into
Common
places
,
that
they
might
be
the
readier
for
his
use
.
Anno
Christi
1559
he
was
sent
for
by
Charles
,
Reformation
.
Marquess
of
Baden
,
to
reform
Religion
in
his
Dominions
,
where
also
he
prescribed
a
form
for
Ordination
of
Ministers
.
He
had
scarce
continued
there
two
moneths
,
when
he
was
chosen
to
be
the
Divinity
Professor
at
Tubing
,
and
expounded
the
Pentateuch
in
his
Lectures
,
and
preached
constantly
:
Besides
which
publick
imployments
,
he
wrote
a
large
answer
to
Peter
a
Soto
,
De
Ecclesia
,
Patribus
,
&
Conciliis
,
which
was
afterwards
printed
.
Anno
Christi
1557
,
His
prefermen●s
.
which
was
two
years
after
he
came
to
Tubing
,
he
was
chosen
Rector
of
the
University
,
a
place
,
as
of
great
honour
,
so
of
great
pains
:
After
which
he
was
chosen
Chancellor
of
the
University
,
and
the
Pastor
and
Superintendent
of
the
Church
.
An.
Christi
1569
,
his
fame
spreading
abroad
,
he
was
sent
for
by
the
Duke
of
Saxony
to
be
the
Professor
at
Jenes
,
who
profered
to
allow
him
the
stipend
of
a
thousand
Florens
per
an
.
〈◊〉
self-denial
.
but
he
refused
it
,
continuing
at
Tubing
,
where
he
had
much
honour
and
respect
.
And
having
been
thus
invited
by
three
several
Princes
,
all
which
he
refused
,
and
resolving
to
spend
his
daies
at
Tubing
,
his
Prince
Christopher
,
to
encourage
him
,
gave
him
some
land
,
on
which
he
built
a
neat
house
,
and
having
other
family
businesses
,
he
committed
all
to
the
care
and
diligence
of
his
wife
,
who
was
a
constant
help
to
him
.
Anno
Christi
1590
,
Heerbrand
being
now
seventy
years
old
,
had
as
much
honour
heaped
upon
him
as
the
Dukedome
of
Wirtemberg
could
afford
:
For
he
was
made
Counsellor
to
the
Duke
,
Superintendent
of
the
Church
,
Chancellor
of
the
University
,
and
Overseer
of
the
new
Colledge
;
all
which
places
he
discharged
with
admirable
prudence
,
diligence
,
and
fidelity
.
His
Wife
having
lived
with
him
fifty
years
and
a
half
,
died
,
who
was
the
staffe
of
his
old
age
,
His
wives
death
.
and
therefore
he
was
much
afflicted
with
her
loss
,
and
began
to
grow
weaker
and
weaker
;
which
caused
him
Anno
1598
to
resign
his
office
,
and
thereupon
had
a
stipend
allowed
him
by
his
Prince
.
His
next
care
was
to
prepare
himself
for
death
He
was
much
troubled
with
the
Gout
,
His
sicknesse
.
which
he
bore
with
much
patience
,
often
using
that
saying
of
the
Apostle
,
His
patience
.
Godlinesse
is
profitable
to
all
things
,
having
the
promise
of
this
life
,
and
that
which
is
to
come
.
At
last
he
fel
into
a
Lethargy
,
His
death
.
and
so
died
Anno
Christi
1600
,
and
of
his
age
79.
He
was
was
exceeding
studious
all
his
life
long
,
having
his
books
,
ink
,
and
paper
at
his
beds
head
,
so
that
as
soon
as
his
first
sleep
was
over
,
he
applyed
himself
to
them
for
some
houres
.
His
humility
and
charity
.
And
though
he
had
great
honours
,
yet
they
never
puft
up
his
heart
with
pride
,
but
hee
still
carried
himselfe
very
humbly
:
He
lived
in
the
fear
of
God
,
was
very
charitable
,
and
open
handed
to
the
poor
,
and
to
exiles
,
especially
to
poor
students
.
He
was
very
careful
to
assist
other
Churches
,
so
that
Princes
,
His
prudence
.
Earls
,
Barons
,
and
other
Nobles
out
of
Austria
,
Styria
,
Carinthia
,
Carniola
,
and
Hungary
were
continually
sending
to
him
for
advice
in
their
difficult
affairs
.
His
Father
in
law
having
bestowed
a
Farm
upon
him
,
he
was
a
neat
husband
upon
it
,
A
good
father
.
planting
Orchards
,
Vineyards
,
and
such
other
things
as
might
make
it
most
pleasant
and
profitable
.
He
was
very
carefull
in
the
education
of
his
children
,
bringing
them
up
in
religion
and
learning
,
and
keeping
them
under
a
severe
Discipline
.
He
was
of
a
very
healthfull
constitution
,
never
being
troubled
with
any
sickness
till
towards
his
latter
end
.
Scripsit
Compendium
Theologiae
.
His
works
.
Contra
Gregorium
de
Valentia
.
Concordiae
librum
in
Latinum
transtulit
.
Besides
divers
Funerall
Sermons
,
Orations
,
and
Disputations
.
The
Life
of
David
Chytraeus
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1600.
DAvid
Chytraeus
was
born
in
Ingelsing
in
Sweveland
,
Anno
Christi
1530
,
His
birth
and
education
.
of
godly
and
religious
Parents
,
who
seeing
his
towardliness
,
and
ingenuous
nature
,
were
carefull
to
educate
him
in
Religion
and
learning
;
the
principles
whereof
he
drunk
in
with
such
celerity
,
that
his
father
took
much
pleasure
in
him
,
and
became
an
earnest
and
frequent
suiter
unto
God
,
That
his
son
might
be
sitted
for
,
and
imployed
in
the
work
of
the
Ministerie
;
and
for
this
end
,
when
he
was
scarce
seven
years
old
he
sent
him
to
school
to
Gemminga
,
and
after
two
years
stay
there
he
removed
him
to
Tubing
,
He
is
sent
to
Tubing
.
where
he
was
educated
under
excellent
Schoolmasters
,
and
afterwards
admitted
into
that
University
,
and
whilst
he
was
very
young
hee
commenced
Batchelor
of
Arts
,
His
great
proficiency
.
studied
the
Languages
,
Arts
,
and
Divinitie
under
Snepfius
:
In
all
which
he
profited
so
exceedingly
that
at
fifteen
years
old
hee
commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
with
the
generall
approbation
of
the
Vniversity
:
And
presently
after
(
having
a
large
allowance
from
a
worthy
Knight
,
Sir
Peter
Mezingen
)
hee
travelled
to
Wittenberg
,
where
hee
was
entertained
by
Philip
Melancthon
into
his
Family
;
He
goes
to
Wittenberg
.
so
that
hee
did
not
onely
gaine
much
profit
by
his
publick
Lectures
,
but
by
private
converse
with
him
;
which
happiness
hee
so
esteemed
,
that
all
his
life
after
,
he
acknowledged
,
that
next
under
God
he
was
bound
to
Philip
Melancthon
for
his
proficiency
in
learning
.
When
he
came
first
to
Melancthon
,
and
delivered
some
letters
of
commendation
to
him
in
his
behalf
,
Melancthon
finding
in
them
that
he
was
Mr
of
Arts
,
looking
upon
him
wondred
at
it
,
saying
,
Are
you
a
Master
of
Arts
?
Yea
,
said
Chytraeus
,
it
pleased
the
University
of
Tubing
to
grace
me
with
that
degree
:
Can
you
,
said
Melancthon
,
understand
Greek
?
which
he
affirming
,
he
gave
him
Thucydides
to
read
,
and
bade
him
construe
a
peece
of
it
;
which
when
Chytraeus
had
done
,
Melancthon
enquiring
his
age
,
and
admiring
his
forwardness
,
said
unto
him
,
Thou
doest
worthily
deserve
thy
Degree
,
and
hereafter
thou
shalt
be
as
a
son
unto
me
.
Whilst
he
was
there
,
he
heard
Luthers
Lectures
upon
the
tenne
last
Chapters
of
Genefis
:
And
as
Plato
,
when
he
was
ready
to
die
praised
God
for
three
things
,
Plato
praises
God
for
three
things
.
first
that
God
had
made
him
a
man
;
secondly
,
that
he
was
born
in
Greece
;
thirdly
,
that
hee
lived
in
the
time
of
Socrates
:
So
did
Chytraeus
also
acknowledge
it
as
a
singular
mercy
;
first
,
that
God
had
made
him
a
man
;
secondly
,
a
Christian
;
thirdly
,
that
hee
had
his
education
under
those
excellent
lights
of
the
Church
,
Luther
and
Melancthon
.
Hee
was
very
diligent
in
attending
upon
Melancthon
,
studyed
in
his
study
,
heard
all
his
discourses
Publick
,
and
private
,
about
matters
of
the
weightiest
concernment
;
followed
him
when
he
walked
abroad
,
and
endeavoured
wholly
to
fashion
his
life
by
his
example
:
And
Melancthon
looked
upon
him
as
his
own
son
,
and
used
to
call
him
suum
Davidem
,
his
David
.
Presently
after
Luthers
death
,
the
Warres
in
Germany
breaking
forth
under
Charles
the
fifth
,
the
Universitie
of
Wittenberg
was
dissipated
by
reason
of
the
same
;
whereupon
Chytraeus
went
to
Heidleberg
,
He
goes
to
Heidleberg
.
where
he
studied
Hebrew
,
and
from
thence
went
to
Tubing
,
where
hee
applyed
himselfe
to
the
study
of
the
Mathematicks
:
But
when
Prince
Maurice
of
Saxonie
had
restored
the
Universitie
,
and
called
back
Melancthon
,
hee
presently
returned
to
Wittenberg
,
where
he
buckled
close
to
his
former
studyes
,
fearing
the
like
interruption
againe
:
And
Anno
Christi
1548
hee
beganne
privately
to
read
to
young
Students
,
by
which
means
having
gotten
some
money
in
his
purse
,
hee
resolved
to
travell
into
Italie
,
His
travels
.
and
other
parts
,
that
so
hee
might
see
those
famous
places
,
which
hee
had
often
read
of
,
and
grow
into
acquaintance
with
the
eminent
men
of
those
times
:
For
which
end
(
having
gotten
him
a
faithful
companion
[
Andrew
Martin
of
Rostoch
]
he
travelled
through
most
parts
of
Italy
:
And
being
returned
to
Wittenberg
,
Melancthon
was
requested
to
send
two
learned
men
to
Rostoch
for
the
advancement
of
that
University
,
whereupon
he
commended
John
Aurifaber
,
and
Chytraeus
to
them
,
who
accordingly
went
thither
,
He
goes
to
Rostoch
.
●nd
beganne
their
Lectures
to
the
great
satisfaction
of
the
Auditors
,
and
in
a
short
time
Chytraeus
grew
so
famous
for
his
learning
,
virtue
,
diligence
,
and
excellent
dexterity
in
teaching
,
He
is
desi●ed
in
divers
places
.
that
first
Christian
King
of
Denmark
,
and
afterward
the
Senate
of
Auspurg
sent
for
him
to
come
to
them
.
He
was
desired
also
by
the
University
of
Strasborough
to
succeed
Hedio
lately
dead
:
Also
Frederick
the
second
,
Prince
Elector
Palatine
,
sent
earnestly
for
him
to
come
to
Heidleberg
;
but
his
Prince
,
John
Albert
,
would
by
no
means
part
with
him
.
Two
yeares
after
he
travelled
into
Frisland
,
Brabant
,
Flanders
,
His
travels
▪
and
other
of
the
Belgick
Provinces
.
Upon
his
returne
the
Elector
Palatine
,
Otho
Henry
,
sent
again
for
him
to
come
to
Heidleberg
;
and
the
King
of
Denmark
profered
to
double
his
stipend
if
hee
would
come
to
him
;
but
his
answer
to
them
both
was
,
that
his
Prince
had
dealt
so
friendly
with
him
that
hee
could
by
no
meanes
leave
him
.
Some
yeares
after
the
Nobilitie
of
Madgeburg
sent
to
request
his
presence
and
assistance
in
Reforming
Religion
,
and
ejecting
Popery
from
amongst
them
;
but
when
he
could
not
go
himself
,
he
wrote
his
mind
fully
to
them
about
the
same
.
About
that
time
he
commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
at
the
charges
of
his
Prince
.
He
is
Doctor
.
Anno
Christi
1565
the
Senate
of
Stralsund
sent
for
him
to
be
their
Superintendent
,
and
the
King
of
Sweden
also
desired
him
to
come
thither
,
but
nothing
would
prevail
to
get
him
from
Rostoch
.
The
year
after
his
Prince
took
him
with
him
to
the
Diet
at
Auspurg
,
He
goes
to
Augsburgh
.
where
matters
of
Religion
were
to
be
debated
.
At
which
time
Ambassadors
came
to
him
again
from
Strasborough
to
request
his
remove
thither
,
and
he
gave
them
some
hope
of
assenting
,
His
contentation
.
if
his
Princes
good
will
could
be
procured
;
but
he
would
by
no
means
part
with
him
,
and
to
express
his
love
,
he
profered
to
enlarge
his
stipend
,
but
Chytraeus
refused
the
same
.
Two
yeares
after
hee
was
sent
for
into
Austria
to
assist
them
in
the
Reformation
which
they
intended
;
1569.
He
goes
into
Austria
.
whither
he
went
,
and
gave
them
such
full
satisfaction
,
that
they
sent
him
back
with
an
ample
testimony
of
his
abilities
,
and
integrity
.
When
he
had
finished
his
business
in
Austria
,
His
travels
.
he
tooke
a
journey
into
Hungarie
,
where
he
visited
many
of
the
chiefe
Cities
in
that
Kingdom
.
Anno
Christi
1571
his
Prince
made
him
the
chief
Visitor
of
all
the
Churches
in
his
Dominions
.
Hee
assisted
also
in
the
work
of
Reformation
at
Berline
.
Then
the
Marquesse
of
Brandenburg
sent
for
him
to
be
the
Divinity
Professor
at
Franckfurt
upon
Order
,
He
goes
into
Stiria
.
but
could
not
obtain
him
.
Two
years
after
the
States
of
Stiria
sent
for
him
to
help
them
in
Reforming
their
Churches
,
whither
he
went
for
half
a
year
,
and
was
exceeding
useful
to
them
in
that
work
.
At
this
return
he
was
sent
for
by
the
Elector
of
Saxonie
,
and
the
University
of
Wittenberg
to
be
a
Professor
there
;
but
they
could
not
prevaile
.
The
yeare
after
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
being
to
erect
an
Vniversity
at
Juliers
,
sent
to
him
to
assist
in
making
Laws
for
the
University
,
in
choosing
of
Professors
,
&c.
Which
he
dispatched
to
his
great
content
.
Shortly
after
hee
went
to
divers
meetings
of
Divines
in
severall
places
,
about
procuring
,
and
setling
the
peace
of
the
Churches
of
Christ
.
Whilst
he
was
at
Rostoch
he
went
over
in
his
Lectures
the
greatest
part
of
the
Old
,
and
New
Testament
;
and
wrote
divers
other
learned
books
.
When
he
grew
into
yeares
he
began
to
be
diseased
,
and
sometimes
was
confined
to
his
bed
;
His
sicknesse
.
yet
neither
there
would
he
be
idle
,
but
upon
the
least
intermission
of
his
pain
,
His
Industry
.
went
on
with
his
Exposition
of
the
two
and
thirtieth
Psalm
,
which
he
had
begun
before
:
And
after
that
,
in
Commenting
upon
the
Epistle
to
the
Romans
.
But
his
disease
increasing
(
whereby
he
discerned
the
approaching
of
his
end
)
hee
made
a
confession
of
his
Faith
,
Preparation
for
death
.
received
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
,
and
not
long
after
quietly
slept
in
the
Lord
,
Anno
Christi
1600
,
and
of
his
age
seventy
.
His
death
.
Whilst
he
lay
sick
in
his
bed
,
if
any
present
had
discoursed
about
a
controversal
point
,
raising
himself
up
,
he
would
call
to
them
to
speake
out
,
saying
that
hee
should
dye
with
the
more
comfort
,
if
he
could
learn
any
new
thing
before
his
departure
.
He
was
a
truly
good
man
,
His
Character
.
who
directed
all
his
employment
not
to
his
private
gain
and
glory
,
but
to
the
glory
of
God
,
and
to
the
furtherance
of
the
salvation
of
others
souls
.
He
obtained
of
his
Princes
of
Megapoll
to
bestow
3500
crowns
of
yearly
revenues
upon
the
University
of
Rostoch
.
He
was
alwaies
ready
to
assist
with
his
counsell
any
that
repaired
to
him
.
He
was
very
courteous
and
affable
;
exceeding
patient
under
great
afflictions
,
and
perswaded
others
for
peace-sake
to
put
up
many
wrongs
.
Injuries
to
be
born
.
He
often
turned
a
deaf
eare
to
calumnies
and
lies
,
using
to
say
,
Qui
nescit
ferre
calumnias
,
obtrectationes
,
convitia
,
injurias
,
ille
vivere
nescit
.
He
knows
not
how
to
live
that
knows
not
how
to
bear
wrongs
,
&c.
He
had
these
wishes
often
in
his
mouth
,
Utinam
ambitio
,
&
avaritia
ex
animis
hominum
radicitùs
tolleretur
!
His
wishes
.
utinam
publicae
tranquilitatis
causa
magni
viri
remitterent
invicem
simultates
!
utinam
reges
ac
potentes
rerum
Domini
majorem
Eclesiae
,
ac
scholarum
curam
susciperent
,
&c.
In
difficult
matters
he
was
never
rash
to
declare
his
judgement
.
His
private
life
was
very
exemplary
by
reason
of
his
indefatigable
studies
,
his
diligence
in
his
office
,
his
piety
,
modesty
,
sobriety
,
chastity
,
liberality
,
and
other
virtues
.
He
was
of
a
melancholly
temper
,
and
most
desirous
of
learning
.
Scripsit
multa
Theologica
,
●is
Works
.
Philologica
,
&
Historica
,
quae
hic
recensere
nimis
longum
foret
.
Some
of
his
Works
are
mentioned
before
.
The
Life
of
Alexander
Nowel
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1601.
ALexander
Nowel
was
born
in
the
County
of
Lancaster
,
His
Birth
and
Parentage
.
Anno
Christi
1511
,
of
an
ancient
,
and
worshipfull
Family
,
and
at
thirteen
years
old
was
sent
to
Oxford
,
and
admitted
a
member
of
Brasennose
Colledge
,
His
Education
.
where
hee
studied
thirteen
years
,
and
grew
very
famous
both
for
Religion
and
Learning
.
His
flight
in
persecution
.
In
Queen
Maries
daies
,
he
,
amongst
many
others
,
left
the
Kingdom
,
that
he
might
enjoy
his
conscience
,
and
returning
when
Queen
Elizabeth
,
He
is
made
Dean
of
Pauls
.
of
blessed
memory
,
came
to
the
Crown
,
she
made
him
Dean
of
Pauls
,
where
he
was
a
frequent
and
faithfull
Preacher
.
By
his
writings
he
defended
the
truth
against
some
English
Popish
Renegadoes
.
For
thirty
years
together
he
preached
the
first
and
last
Sermons
in
Lent
before
the
Queen
,
wherein
he
dealt
plainly
,
and
faithfully
with
her
.
His
Charity
.
He
was
a
great
Benefactor
to
Brasen-nose
Colledge
,
where
hee
had
his
first
education
.
His
Works
.
Hee
was
the
enlarger
of
Pauls
School
,
made
the
threefold
Catechism
which
was
much
used
long
after
.
He
was
very
charitable
to
the
poor
,
especially
to
poor
Scholars
:
A
great
comforter
of
afflicted
consciences
.
He
lived
till
he
was
ninetie
years
old
,
His
death
.
and
yet
neither
the
eies
of
his
mind
,
nor
body
,
waxed
dim
:
And
dyed
peaceably
in
the
Lord
Anno
Christi
1601.
D.
TOSSANVS
The
Life
of
Daniel
Tossanus
,
who
dyed
A
no
Christi
1602.
DAniel
Tossanus
was
born
at
Mombelgart
in
Wirtemberg
,
Anno
Christi
1541.
His
birth
and
education
.
His
Father
was
Minister
in
that
town
about
six
and
thirty
yeares
,
who
carefully
brought
up
this
his
son
in
learning
,
and
〈◊〉
fourteen
years
old
sent
him
to
the
University
of
Basil
,
He
goes
to
Basil.
where
he
continued
two
years
,
and
then
he
commenced
Batchelor
of
Arts
:
From
thence
Anno
Christi
1557
he
went
to
Tubing
,
〈…〉
Tibing
.
and
was
there
main●ain●d
to
his
studyes
for
two
yeares
more
by
the
bounty
of
〈◊〉
Ch●istopher
,
who
did
it
for
his
Fathers
sake
,
who
for
many
years
had
deserved
so
well
of
the
Church
of
Mombelgart
.
Our
Daniel
whilst
he
was
at
T●bing
applyed
himself
to
the
study
of
humane
Arts
and
Philosophy
,
in
which
he
profited
so
eminently
in
a
short
space
,
that
at
the
end
of
two
years
he
was
made
Master
of
Arts
,
He
is
Master
of
Arts.
and
then
was
sent
for
●ack
by
his
father
to
Mombelga●t
,
where
hee
preached
for
a
while
,
and
then
went
to
Paris
to
learne
the
French
Tongue
,
He
goes
to
Paris
.
and
to
proceed
in
his
other
studies
.
Anno
Christi
1560
he
went
from
Paris
to
Orleance
,
Thence
to
Orleance
.
where
he
read
Hebrew
publickly
,
and
after
a
while
was
made
Deacon
in
that
Church
,
and
two
years
after
Minister
,
An.
Christi
1562
and
of
his
age
twenty
one
,
which
place
he
undertook
there
rather
than
in
his
own
country
,
partly
because
of
the
great
want
of
Pastors
in
the
French
Churches
,
as
also
because
he
agreed
with
them
in
his
judgement
about
the
manner
of
Christs
presence
in
the
Sacrament
.
At
this
time
there
was
the
most
flourishing
Church
in
all
France
in
Orleance
,
A
famous
Church
at
Orleance
.
consisting
of
above
seven
thousand
persons
,
that
had
excellent
Pastors
over
them
:
Into
the
number
of
which
our
Daniel
being
admitted
,
not
long
after
hee
resolved
to
marry
,
His
marriage
.
and
accordingly
,
viz.
1565
hee
married
Mary
Covet
of
Paris
,
whose
Father
had
been
Advocate
to
the
Queen
Mother
in
the
Parliament
of
Paris
,
and
whose
Mother
being
a
Widdow
,
and
having
embraced
the
Reformed
Religion
,
transplanted
her self
with
her
two
daughters
to
Orleance
,
for
the
freer
exercise
of
her
Religion
.
Whilst
he
was
there
,
Wars
in
France
the
Civil
Wars
brake
out
between
the
Papists
and
Protestants
;
and
Francis
Duke
of
Guise
besieged
the
City
of
Orleance
,
where
Monsieur
de
Andelot
,
brother
to
the
Admiral
of
France
,
commanded
in
chief
:
Tossan
continued
there
all
the
time
of
the
siege
,
and
took
extraordinary
pains
in
instructing
,
exhorting
,
and
encouraging
both
Citizens
and
souldiers
;
and
when
the
City
was
in
great
danger
to
be
lost
,
one
Poltrot
,
who
had
devoted
his
life
for
his
Countries
safety
,
Duke
of
Guise
slain
.
went
out
,
and
slew
the
Duke
of
Guise
under
the
walls
,
Gods
mercy
.
whereupon
the
siege
was
raised
,
and
the
Church
there
preserved
almost
miraculously
from
ruin
.
Anno
Christi
1567
,
there
brake
out
a
second
Civill
War
;
at
which
time
the
Papists
in
Orleance
conspired
together
to
destroy
all
the
Protestants
,
Popish
malice
.
so
that
they
were
every
hour
in
danger
of
being
butchered
;
but
it
pleased
God
seasonably
to
send
Monsieur
Novie
with
a
small
party
of
souldiers
,
who
entring
the
City
,
and
joyning
with
the
Protestants
,
drave
out
some
of
the
Papists
,
and
disarmed
the
rest
.
But
after
that
famous
battel
at
Saint
Denis
,
wherein
so
many
of
both
sides
were
slain
and
wounded
,
Peace
was
againe
concluded
:
Yet
did
the
Papists
quickly
break
it
,
and
a
great
company
of
Souldiers
entering
into
Orleance
,
Popish
malice
.
beganne
to
breath
forth
threatnings
against
the
Church
of
Christ
,
especially
against
the
Ministers
of
it
.
Hereupon
Tossan
was
in
great
danger
,
insomuch
that
when
he
went
into
the
Church
to
preach
,
he
knew
not
whether
he
should
returne
alive
;
He
is
in
great
danger
.
and
that
which
most
troubled
him
was
,
the
fear
that
he
had
of
his
wife
and
two
small
children
.
Besides
he
never
went
to
the
Congregation
,
but
some
threw
stones
,
others
shot
bullets
at
him
;
and
their
rage
grew
so
great
,
that
they
burned
down
the
barn
wherein
the
Church
used
to
meet
together
;
and
every
day
he
heard
of
one
or
other
of
their
members
that
were
slain
,
so
that
he
was
compelled
severall
times
to
change
his
lodging
:
yet
one
day
the
souldiers
caught
him
,
and
pretended
that
they
would
carry
him
out
of
the
City
,
but
indeed
intended
to
have
Murthered
him
,
whereupon
his
wife
,
great
with
child
,
ranne
to
the
Governour
,
and
with
much
importunity
prevailed
with
him
that
her
husband
might
stay
in
the
City
.
And
not
long
after
brake
out
the
third
Civill
War
,
at
which
time
the
Popish
souldiers
that
besieged
Orleance
were
so
enraged
,
that
they
burned
all
the
places
where
the
Church
used
to
meet
,
and
barbarously
slew
above
eighty
of
the
faithfull
servants
of
Christ
in
them
,
yet
it
pleased
God
miraculously
to
preserve
the
Ministers
in
that
great
danger
;
A
miracle
of
mercy
.
and
Tossan
with
his
Colleagues
,
by
the
help
of
some
of
the
faithfull
,
was
conveighed
privately
away
out
of
the
City
in
the
night
,
but
whilst
hee
sought
to
hid
chim
in
a
wood
,
he
fel
into
an
ambush
,
and
was
taken
,
He
is
taken
prisoner
.
and
carried
prisoner
into
a
Castle
not
far
off
from
Orleance
.
His
wife
,
which
stayed
behind
in
the
City
,
hearing
this
sad
news
,
left
no
means
untried
for
his
delivery
;
and
at
last
,
His
release
.
for
a
great
summe
of
money
,
shee
procured
his
release
,
whereupon
he
went
to
Agrimont
;
and
his
wife
,
putting
her self
into
the
habit
of
a
Maid-servant
,
went
towards
Agrimont
after
him
,
where
Renata
,
the
daughter
of
Lewis
the
twelfth
of
France
,
and
Dowager
of
Ferrara
,
lived
in
a
very
strong
Castle
,
and
was
a
great
friend
to
the
Protestants
,
entertaining
many
that
fled
to
her
for
succour
:
But
as
his
wife
was
going
thitherward
after
him
,
she
was
taken
by
some
Souldiers
,
and
carried
back
to
the
Governour
of
Orleaence
,
but
it
pleased
God
to
stir
up
the
Governours
wife
and
daughters
to
intercede
for
her
,
by
whose
importunity
she
was
set
free
,
Gods
mercy
.
and
had
leave
to
goe
to
Agrimont
,
whither
it
pleased
God
to
carry
her
in
safety
through
a
thousand
dangers
,
and
where
she
found
her
husband
.
And
whilst
she
was
there
,
she
was
brought
to
bed
of
a
daughter
,
to
which
the
Dutchesse
was
Godmother
:
The
K●●gs
malice
.
But
the
King
of
France
hearing
that
his
Aunt
the
Dutchesse
had
sheltered
many
of
the
Protestants
,
sent
to
her
to
turn
them
all
out
of
her
Castle
,
or
else
he
would
presently
besiege
it
,
and
slay
them
all
.
Upon
which
message
,
Tossan
,
with
his
wife
and
three
children
,
went
presently
to
Sancerra
,
He
goes
to
Sancerra
.
which
was
the
nearest
place
of
safetie
.
There
went
also
a
long
with
him
two
or
three
hundred
Waggons
loaden
with
children
,
and
in
their
passage
there
lay
many
Troops
of
the
enemies
,
especially
at
a
River
over
which
they
were
to
passe
,
purposing
to
destroy
them
;
but
it
pleased
God
to
stir
up
some
Protestants
thereabouts
to
horse
,
Gods
mercy
.
and
arm
themselves
,
and
to
proffer
themselves
as
a
guard
to
these
Waggons
,
who
fought
often
with
their
enemies
,
and
by
Gods
special
providence
conducted
them
all
in
safety
to
Sancerra
.
There
Tossan
continued
a
year
,
He
goes
to
Mombelgart
.
and
then
,
with
his
wife
,
and
one
or
two
of
his
children
,
he
went
to
Mombelgart
to
visit
his
Father
and
friends
;
and
because
(
the
wars
being
but
lately
ended
in
France
)
the
Church
of
Orleance
could
not
suddenly
gather
themselves
together
,
he
continued
,
and
preached
in
his
Fathers
place
,
who
was
now
grown
old
,
for
a
year
:
But
some
Ministers
of
Stutgard
accused
him
for
preaching
Calvinism
and
Zuinglinism
,
His
new
troubles
.
and
would
have
him
to
revoke
,
and
recant
the
same
,
or
else
he
must
preach
no
more
in
publick
.
They
also
summoned
him
to
appear
at
Stutgard
to
give
an
account
of
his
opinions
,
and
by
conference
with
them
to
reform
the
same
,
framing
himself
wholly
to
their
mindes
,
upon
which
onely
condition
they
would
let
him
live
in
his
own
country
,
and
preach
therein
.
Hereupon
he
wrote
an
Apology
to
the
Senate
at
Stutgard
,
shewing
the
reasons
why
at
that
time
he
could
not
goe
thither
;
and
Anno
Christi
1571
when
it
had
pleased
God
after
those
terrible
storms
to
restore
peace
to
the
Church
at
Orleance
,
he
was
called
back
thither
:
Yet
the
times
were
not
so
peaceable
that
he
could
preach
there
,
but
he
preached
to
his
people
in
a
Castle
not
far
from
it
,
which
belonged
to
Hierom
Groslotius
,
a
most
godly
Noble
man
,
He
preaches
in
a
Ca●●le
.
and
there
repaired
to
hear
him
out
of
the
City
,
a
very
great
multitude
of
people
,
whom
the
Popish
party
at
their
return
home
received
with
many
scornes
and
reproaches
,
Popish
rage
.
threatning
ere
long
to
fire
the
Castle
and
all
that
were
in
it
;
yet
did
the
faithfull
overcome
all
dangers
with
their
constancy
,
and
Tossan
living
with
that
Nobleman
,
performed
his
Pastoral
office
with
all
diligence
,
and
fidelity
,
though
at
that
time
he
was
very
sickly
.
Anno
Christi
1572
brake
forth
that
abhominable
Massacre
at
Paris
,
The
Massacre
at
Paris
.
wherein
Charles
the
ninth
,
falsifying
his
faith
,
caused
the
Admirall
of
France
,
with
many
Noblemen
,
and
Gentlemen
,
Doctors
,
Pastors
,
Advocates
,
and
Professors
to
be
so
inhumanely
butchered
,
that
a
more
horrid
villany
was
never
heard
of
in
the
world
before
it
:
At
which
time
amongst
others
this
Hieronimus
Groslotius
was
also
murthered
.
The
newes
of
this
Massacre
comming
to
Orleance
,
the
Papists
rejoyced
and
sung
,
seeking
to
murther
and
destroy
all
the
Protestants
that
were
in
,
and
about
that
City
:
Tossan
at
this
time
was
in
the
Castle
with
the
wife
of
Groslotius
,
who
heard
〈◊〉
the
Massacre
,
and
the
Murther
of
her
husband
at
Paris
;
and
it
pleased
God
so
to
order
it
,
that
a
certaine
Popish
Nobleman
,
as
he
was
travelling
towards
Paris
,
was
turned
aside
into
this
Castle
to
enquire
after
news
,
just
at
the
same
time
when
this
sad
news
was
brought
thither
:
But
he
,
supposing
that
it
was
impossible
that
the
Protestants
which
were
so
numerous
there
,
could
be
so
easily
suppressed
,
and
thinking
rather
that
they
stood
upon
their
defence
,
resolved
to
return
home
again
,
and
took
with
him
this
Lady
,
with
Tossan
,
A
special
providence
.
and
his
wife
,
and
children
.
Thus
it
pleased
God
that
he
was
delivered
from
certain
destruction
by
the
humanitie
,
and
industry
of
a
Papist
:
For
the
very
next
Morning
the
inhabitants
of
Orleance
came
to
that
Castle
,
Popish
cruelty
.
brake
open
the
Gates
,
slew
some
maids
that
were
left
to
keep
it
,
plundered
all
,
and
amongst
the
rest
,
Tossans
goods
,
and
Library
,
raging
extreamely
that
they
had
missed
their
prey
which
they
most
sought
after
.
This
Noblemans
House
,
that
carried
them
with
him
,
was
near
to
Argimont
:
But
Tossan
apprehending
himself
not
safe
there
,
with
his
wife
,
and
children
removed
to
another
place
where
he
was
acquainted
,
and
presently
after
the
Dutches
of
Ferrara
sent
for
him
,
and
his
Family
,
his
wife
being
again
great
with
childe
,
Gods
mercy
.
He
goes
to
the
Dutches
of
Ferrara
.
and
hid
them
in
a
Turret
in
her
Castle
,
and
sustained
,
and
sed
them
there
.
And
when
the
rage
of
the
Papists
was
somewhat
abated
,
hee
,
with
his
wife
,
and
children
travelled
through
many
dangers
into
Germany
,
and
shortly
after
was
sent
for
by
that
pious
Prince
Frederick
the
third
,
He
goes
into
the
Palatinate
.
Elector
Palatine
,
to
come
to
him
to
Heidleberg
,
whither
he
went
with
his
Family
,
and
where
he
found
so
much
love
,
and
bounty
from
the
Prince
and
his
Courtiers
,
and
the
Academicks
,
that
he
almost
forgot
his
former
miseries
.
All
the
while
that
he
lived
in
Heidleberg
,
he
was
Preacher
to
the
Elector
,
shewing
such
Faithfullnesse
,
Diligence
,
Candour
,
His
faithfulnesse
.
and
other
Virtues
as
became
a
faithfull
Minister
of
Jesus
Christ
,
whereby
he
was
very
deare
to
the
Elector
,
who
often
consulted
with
him
about
the
waitiest
matters
of
Religion
:
And
Anno
Christi
1575
he
sent
him
with
some
other
of
his
faithfull
Counsellors
to
Amberg
to
visit
the
Churches
,
and
to
compose
some
controversies
which
were
sprung
up
amongst
them
about
matters
of
Religion
,
which
trust
he
performed
with
singular
zeale
,
and
diligence
.
But
the
world
being
unworthy
of
such
a
Prince
,
it
pleased
God
to
take
him
away
Anno
Christi
1576
,
four
years
after
Tossan
came
thither
.
And
his
Son
Lodwick
a
Lutherane
succeeding
him
,
Tossan
amongst
some
others
,
was
dismissed
:
He
is
dismised
.
But
Prince
Cassimire
[
Lodwicks
Brother
]
who
knew
the
impostures
of
the
Vbiquitarians
better
then
his
brother
,
and
who
had
undertaken
to
defend
that
faith
whereof
his
Father
had
made
a
confession
in
his
Will
,
called
him
to
Neostade
,
He
is
called
to
Neostade
.
and
placed
him
over
the
Churches
there
:
And
after
Ursins
death
,
made
him
Professor
in
that
University
.
In
which
place
he
interpreted
the
holy
Scripture
:
He
also
undertook
the
ca●e
of
the
Church
,
which
was
collected
of
the
Exiles
,
His
painfulnesse
.
who
wanted
a
Father
;
and
Preached
to
them
in
the
French
Tongue
.
Anno
Christi
1578.
He
wa●
Moderator
in
a
Synod
at
Neostade
:
And
Prince
Cassimire
did
alwaies
esteem
so
highly
of
his
advise
,
He
is
much
esteemed
.
and
Counsell
,
that
he
sent
for
him
often
,
neither
would
determine
any
thing
in
Ecclesiasticall
affaires
without
his
assent
:
and
when
Prin●e
and
Ambassadors
came
to
Neostade
,
being
moved
with
his
same
,
they
would
alwaies
visit
him
,
and
received
such
abun●dant
satisfaction
by
converse
with
him
,
that
ever
after
they
held
corespondence
with
him
.
Shortly
after
Lodwick
the
Elector
Palatine
dying
,
Ca●imire
was
made
Guardian
to
his
son
during
his
minority
,
whereupon
he
sent
for
Tossan
to
Heidleberg
,
that
by
his
advise
,
and
counsell
he
might
reform
the
Churches
:
He
is
sent
for
to
Heid●eberg
.
But
when
he
came
thither
,
his
adversaries
loured
exceedingly
upon
him
,
and
raised
many
false
reports
,
His
opposition
.
but
he
remembred
that
of
●eneca
,
vir
bonus
,
quod
honestè
se
facturum
put
averit
,
faciet
,
etiam
si
periculosum
sit
:
ab
honesto
null●
re
dete●rebitur
:
ad
turpia
nulla
spe
invitabitur
.
An
honest
man
will
do
that
which
he
judges
right
,
though
it
be
dangerous
:
He
will
not
be
deterred
from
that
which
is
honest
,
by
any
meanes
;
hee
will
be
allured
to
that
which
is
dishonest
,
by
no
means
.
His
adversaries
in
their
Pulpits
daily
cryed
out
of
strange
Heresies
that
he
and
his
party
held
.
But
Prince
Casimire
first
sent
for
them
to
argue
the
case
before
him
,
and
then
appointed
a
Publick
disputation
,
wherein
they
could
prove
none
of
those
things
which
they
charged
them
with
;
whereupon
the
Prince
required
them
to
abstain
from
such
accusations
for
the
time
to
come
,
and
to
study
peace
.
But
nothing
would
prevail
to
allay
their
spleene
,
till
they
were
removed
into
other
Countries
.
The
care
of
choosing
Pastors
to
the
Churches
,
Tutors
to
the
young
Prince
,
Schoolmasters
,
and
Professors
to
the
University
was
divolved
upon
Tossan
;
all
which
he
discharged
with
much
fidelity
.
Anno
Christi
1586.
James
Grynaeus
,
the
chiefe
Professor
in
Heidleberg
was
called
home
to
Basil
,
He
is
made
Professor
.
in
whose
roome
Tossanus
(
though
very
unwilling
)
was
substituted
:
and
therefore
to
satisfie
the
Statutes
of
the
University
,
Commenceth
Doctor
.
he
commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
.
But
as
his
cares
,
and
paines
increased
,
so
his
sorrow
also
,
partly
by
reason
of
an
unhappy
quarrel
that
fell
out
between
the
Students
,
and
Citizens
of
Heidleberg
,
partly
by
the
death
of
his
dear
wife
with
whom
he
had
lived
twenty
two
years
in
wedlock
,
which
fell
out
in
the
year
1587.
His
manifold
●fflictions
.
and
therefore
Anno
Christi
1588
he
married
again
,
and
disposed
of
his
daughters
also
in
marriage
to
godly
,
and
learned
men
.
Not
long
after
Prince
Casimire
died
,
P.
Casimire
dyeth
.
which
much
renewed
his
griefe
:
But
Frederick
the
fourth
,
beeing
now
come
to
his
age
,
was
admitted
into
the
number
of
the
Electors
,
and
was
very
carefull
of
the
good
,
both
of
the
Church
,
and
University
.
Anno
Christi
1594
Tossan
was
chosen
Rector
of
the
University
of
Heidleberg
,
and
the
year
after
there
brake
out
a
greivous
Pestilence
in
that
Citie
,
A
great
plague
His
constancy
.
which
drove
away
the
students
.
But
Tossan
remained
Preaching
comfortably
to
his
people
,
and
expounding
the
Penitentiall
Psalmes
to
those
few
students
that
yet
remained
.
Anno
Christi
1601
hee
being
grown
very
old
,
and
infirme
,
laid
down
his
Professors
place
,
His
weaknesse
.
though
the
University
much
opposed
,
and
earnestly
sollicited
him
to
retaine
it
still
,
but
God
purposed
to
give
him
a
better
rest
after
all
his
labors
,
and
sorrows
:
For
having
in
his
Lectures
expounded
the
book
of
Job
to
the
end
of
the
thirtie
one
Chapter
,
he
concluded
with
those
words
;
The
words
of
Job
are
ended
.
Presently
after
falling
sicke
,
His
faith
.
hee
comforted
himself
with
these
texts
of
Scripture
,
I
have
fought
the
good
fight
of
Faith
,
&c.
Bee
thou
faithfull
unto
the
death
,
and
I
will
give
thee
the
crown
of
life
:
Wee
have
a
City
not
made
with
hands
,
eternall
in
the
heavens
,
and
many
other
such
like
.
Hee
also
made
his
will
,
and
set
down
therein
a
good
confession
of
his
Faith
,
His
Death
.
and
so
departed
quietly
in
the
Lord
An.
Christi
1602
,
and
of
his
age
sixty
one
.
Hi●
character
.
He
was
a
very
holy
man
,
exemplary
in
his
life
:
had
an
excellent
wit
;
strong
memorie
:
Eloquent
in
speech
,
was
very
charitable
and
chearfull
in
his
conversation
,
and
kept
correspondence
with
all
the
choisest
Divines
in
those
times
.
He
wrote
many
things
which
were
afterwards
digested
into
Tomes
:
His
work●
.
and
some
of
his
works
were
published
after
his
death
by
his
Sonne
.
I.
WHITGIFT
The
Life
of
William
Perkins
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1602.
WIlliam
Perkins
was
born
at
Marston
in
Warwickshire
,
His
birth
and
education
.
Anno
1558
,
and
brought
up
at
School
;
from
which
he
went
to
Christ's
Colledge
in
Cambridg
,
where
he
profited
so
much
in
his
Studies
,
that
having
got
the
grounds
of
all
the
liberall
Arts
,
he
was
chosen
Fellow
of
that
Colledge
in
the
24th
year
of
Queen
Elisabeth
.
He
was
very
wild
in
his
youth
,
His
conversion
but
the
Lord
in
mercie
was
pleased
to
reclaim
him
,
that
he
might
be
an
eminent
instrument
of
good
in
his
Church
.
When
he
first
entred
into
the
Minist●●e
,
beeing
moved
with
pittie
towards
their
souls
,
he
prevailed
with
the
jaylor
to
bring
the
Prisoners
(
fettered
as
they
were
)
to
the
Shirchouse
hard
by
the
Prison
,
where
he
Preached
every
Lord's
daie
to
them
;
and
it
pleased
God
so
to
prosper
and
succeed
his
labors
amongst
them
,
He
preaches
to
the
prisoners
.
He
converts
many
of
them
.
that
he
was
the
happy
▪
instrument
of
converting
many
of
them
unto
God
:
Freeing
them
thereby
from
the
Captivity
of
sin
,
which
was
their
worst
bondage
.
This
his
practice
being
once
known
,
many
resorted
to
that
place
out
of
the
neighbor-Parishes
to
hear
him
:
So
that
from
thence
he
was
chosen
to
Saint
Andrews
Parish
in
Cambridge
,
He
is
chosen
pastor
.
Preachers
pattern
.
His
Character
.
where
he
Preached
all
his
life
after
.
His
Sermons
were
not
so
plain
,
but
the
piously
learned
did
admire
them
;
nor
so
learned
,
but
the
plain
did
understand
them
.
Hee
brought
the
Schools
into
the
Pulpit
,
and
unshelling
their
controversies
out
of
their
hard
School-tearms
,
made
thereof
plain
and
wholsom
meat
for
his
people
.
He
was
an
excellent
Chirurgion
at
the
jointing
of
a
broken
Soul
,
and
at
stating
of
a
doubtfull
conscience
,
so
that
the
afflicted
in
spirit
came
far
and
near
to
him
,
and
received
much
satisfaction
,
and
comfort
by
him
.
In
his
Sermons
he
used
to
pronounce
the
word
Damn
with
such
an
Emphasis
,
Note
.
The
powerfulnesse
of
his
ministry
.
as
left
a
dolefull
Echo
in
his
auditors
ears
a
good
while
after
:
And
when
hee
was
Catechist
in
Christ's
Colledge
,
in
expounding
the
Commandements
,
he
applied
them
so
home
to
the
conscience
,
as
was
able
to
make
his
hearers
hearts
fall
down
,
and
their
haires
almost
to
stand
upright
.
But
in
his
old
age
he
was
more
mi●d●
,
often
professing
that
to
Preach
mercy
was
the
proper
office
of
the
Ministers
of
the
Gospel
.
In
his
life
he
was
so
〈◊〉
,
and
spotlesse
,
that
Malice
was
afraid
to
bite
at
his
credit
,
into
which
she
knew
that
her
teeth
could
not
enter
.
He
had
a
rare
felicity
in
reading
of
books
,
His
〈◊〉
in
●●●ding
.
and
as
it
were
but
turning
them
over
,
would
give
an
exact
account
of
all
that
was
considerable
therein
:
He
perused
books
so
speedily
that
one
would
think
he
read
nothing
,
and
yet
so
acurately
that
one
would
think
he
read
all
.
Hee
was
of
a
cheerfull
nature
,
and
pleasant
disposition
:
Somewhat
reserved
to
strangers
,
but
when
once
acquainted
,
very
familiar
.
Besides
his
frequent
Preaching
,
His
painfulnes
.
he
wrote
many
excellent
books
,
both
Treatises
and
Commentaries
,
which
for
their
worth
were
many
of
them
translated
into
Latine
,
and
sent
beyond
sea
,
where
to
this
day
they
are
highly
prized
,
and
much
set
by
,
yea
some
of
them
are
translated
into
French
,
High-Dutch
,
and
Low-Dutch
;
and
his
Reformed
Catholick
was
translated
into
Spanish
also
,
yet
no
Spaniard
ever
since
durst
take
up
the
Gantlet
of
Defiance
cast
down
by
this
Champion
:
He
died
in
the
forty
fourth
year
of
his
age
of
a
violent
fit
of
the
Stone
,
Anno
Christi
1602
,
being
born
the
first
,
and
dying
the
last
year
of
Queen
Elizabeth
.
His
death
.
He
was
of
a
ruddy
complexion
,
fat
,
and
corpulent
:
Lame
of
his
right
hand
,
He
was
same
of
his
right
hand
.
yet
this
Ehud
with
a
left-handed
pen
did
stab
the
Romish
cause
;
as
one
saith
,
Dextera
quantumvis
fuerat
tibi
manca
,
docendi
Pollebas
mirâ
dexteritate
tamen
.
Though
nature
thee
of
thy
right
hand
bereft
,
Right-well
thou
writest
with
thy
hand
that
's
left
.
He
was
buried
with
great
solemnity
at
the
sole
charges
of
Christs
Colledge
,
the
University
and
Town
striving
which
should
expresse
more
sorrow
at
his
Funeral
;
Doctor
Montague
Preached
his
Funeral
Sermon
upon
that
Text
,
Iosh.
1.
2.
Moses
my
servant
is
dead
.
Master
Perkins
his
manner
was
to
go
with
the
Prisoners
to
the
pla●●
of
execution
when
they
were
condemned
,
and
what
〈◊〉
his
labours
were
crowned
with
,
may
appeare
by
this
example
.
A
young
lusty
fellow
going
up
the
ladder
discovered
an
extraordinary
lumpishnesse
,
and
dejection
of
spirit
,
and
when
he
turned
himselfe
at
the
upper
round
to
speak
to
the
people
,
A
thief
converted
at
his
death
he
looked
with
a
rueful
and
heavy
countenance
,
as
if
he
had
been
half
dead
already
:
whereupon
Master
Perkins
laboured
to
chear
up
his
spirits
,
and
finding
him
still
in
an
Agony
,
and
distresse
of
minde
,
he
said
unto
him
,
What
man
?
what
is
the
matter
with
thee
?
art
thou
afraid
of
death
?
Ah
no
(
said
the
Prisoner
,
shaking
his
head
)
but
of
a
worser
thing
:
Saist
thou
so
?
(
said
Master
Perkins
)
come
down
again
man
,
and
thou
shalt
see
what
Gods
grace
will
doe
to
strengthen
thee
:
Whereupon
the
prisoner
coming
down
,
Master
Perkins
took
him
by
the
hand
,
&
made
him
kneel
down
with
himself
at
the
ladder
foot
hand
in
hand
,
when
that
blessed
man
of
God
made
such
an
effectuall
prayer
in
confession
of
sinnes
,
and
aggravating
thereof
in
all
circumstances
,
with
the
horrible
and
eternal
punishment
due
to
the
same
by
Gods
justice
,
Power
of
Prayer
.
as
made
the
poor
prisoner
burst
out
into
abundance
of
tears
;
and
Master
Perkins
finding
that
he
had
brought
him
low
enough
,
even
to
hell
gates
,
he
proceeded
to
the
second
part
of
his
prayer
,
and
therein
to
shew
him
the
Lord
Jesus
(
the
Saviour
of
all
penitent
,
and
believing
sinners
)
stretching
forth
his
blessed
hand
of
mercy
,
and
power
to
save
him
in
that
distressed
estate
,
and
to
deliver
him
from
all
the
powers
of
darkness
;
which
he
did
so
sweetly
press
with
such
heavenly
art
,
and
powerfull
words
of
grace
upon
the
soul
of
the
poor
prisoner
,
as
cheared
him
up
again
to
look
beyond
death
,
with
the
eyes
of
Faith
,
to
see
how
the
black
lines
of
all
his
sinnes
were
crossed
,
and
cancelled
with
the
red
lines
of
his
crucified
Saviours
precious
blood
;
so
graciously
applying
it
to
his
wounded
conscience
,
as
made
him
break
out
into
new
showres
of
tears
for
joy
of
the
inward
consolation
which
he
found
,
and
gave
such
expression
of
it
to
the
beholders
,
as
made
them
life
up
their
hands
,
and
praise
God
to
see
such
a
blessed
change
in
him
;
who
(
the
prayer
being
ended
)
rose
from
his
knees
chearfully
,
and
went
up
the
Ladder
again
so
comforted
,
and
tooke
his
death
with
such
patience
,
and
alacrity
,
as
if
he
actually
saw
himself
delivered
from
the
hell
which
he
feared
before
,
and
heaven
opened
for
the
receiving
of
his
soul
,
to
the
great
rejoycing
of
the
beholders
.
His
works
are
printed
in
three
volumes
.
His
Works
.
F.
JVNIVS
The
Life
of
Francis
Junius
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1602.
FRancis
Junius
was
born
in
France
of
a
Noble
Family
An.
Christi
1545.
His
Birth
and
Parentage
.
His
Grandfather
was
William
Lord
of
Boffardineria
,
who
for
his
valiant
service
in
the
wars
of
Navar
was
rewarded
by
King
Lewis
the
twelfth
with
that
honour
.
His
Father
was
Denis
,
who
in
his
youth
studied
Law
in
the
most
famous
Universities
of
France
.
His
Mother
was
Jacoba
Hugalda
which
bore
nine
children
,
four
sons
,
and
five
daughters
;
amongst
which
this
our
Francis
was
born
in
Biturg
.
His
Mother
being
sickly
,
the
child
was
very
weak
,
His
weaknes
in
his
childhood
.
not
likely
to
live
one
hou●
,
and
therefore
was
hastily
baptised
.
And
during
his
childhood
this
weakness
continued
,
which
falling
into
his
left
legge
,
caused
a
soare
which
was
difficultly
healed
.
When
hee
was
five
yeares
old
his
Father
beganne
to
teach
him
to
read
as
his
leisure
would
permit
.
His
Education
.
At
six
yeares
old
he
began
to
write
,
and
to
discover
his
ingenuity
,
being
of
a
pleasant
disposition
,
very
desirous
of
honour
,
quickly
angry
,
and
for
his
age
of
a
grave
judgement
.
Hee
did
eat
his
meat
eagerly
,
was
very
shame-fac'd
,
which
continued
with
him
all
his
life
after
.
Hee
had
the
publick
Schoolmasters
for
his
instructers
,
besides
others
that
privately
taught
him
at
home
.
At
twelve
years
old
he
attended
the
publick
Lectures
,
and
began
to
study
the
Civill
Law
,
and
his
Father
much
encouraged
and
assisted
him
therein
.
Yet
one
thing
much
impeded
him
in
his
first
studies
:
His
Masters
harshnesse
.
For
being
put
forth
to
School
hee
met
with
harsh
and
severe
Masters
which
used
to
beat
him
in
a
most
cruel
and
barbarous
manner
,
yet
his
love
to
learning
made
him
conceal
it
from
his
friends
.
When
he
had
studied
Law
about
two
years
,
he
was
sent
to
Lions
to
have
gone
with
the
French
Ambassador
to
Constantinople
,
He
goes
to
Lions
.
but
coming
too
late
,
after
the
Ambassadors
departure
,
he
staid
,
and
studied
there
,
turning
over
many
bookes
,
whereof
in
that
place
were
great
plenty
.
But
there
he
met
with
great
temptations
to
evill
;
a
woman
,
and
a
young
mayd
labouring
upon
every
opportunity
to
draw
him
to
lewdnesse
.
His
Tentations
.
This
much
troubled
him
,
having
been
brought
up
religiously
by
his
parents
,
whereupon
he
thought
of
returning
home
,
but
his
fathers
authority
(
who
commanded
his
stay
there
)
altered
those
thoughts
,
Gods
mercys
and
so
,
through
Gods
assistance
,
he
resisted
that
temptation
!
But
presently
fell
into
another
:
For
as
he
was
reading
over
Tully
de
Legibus
,
He
is
drawn
to
Atheism
.
there
came
a
certain
man
to
him
using
the
words
of
the
Epicure
,
nihil
cur
are
Deum
,
nec
alieni
;
that
God
cares
for
nothing
:
And
he
so
pressed
it
with
such
subtile
arguments
,
that
hee
prevailed
with
him
to
suck
in
that
damnable
principle
,
and
so
he
gave
up
himself
to
vile
pleasures
for
a
year
,
and
somewhat
more
.
Gods
mercy
.
But
the
Lord
suffered
him
not
to
continue
longer
therein
:
For
first
in
a
tumult
in
Lions
the
Lord
wonderfully
delivered
him
from
imminent
death
,
so
that
he
was
compelled
to
acknowledge
a
divine
providence
therein
:
And
his
Father
hearing
the
dangerous
waies
that
his
son
was
misled
into
sent
for
him
home
,
where
he
carefully
,
and
holily
instructed
him
,
and
caused
him
to
read
over
the
new
Testament
,
of
wich
himselfe
writes
thus
,
novum
Testamentum
aperio
,
exhibet
se
mihi
adspectu
primo
augustissimum
illud
caput
.
In
principio
erat
verbum
,
&c.
Iohn
1.
When
I
opened
the
New
Testament
,
I
first
light
upon
Johns
first
Chapter
:
In
the
beginning
was
the
word
,
&c.
I
read
part
of
the
Chapter
,
and
was
suddenly
convinced
that
the
Divinity
of
the
Argument
,
and
the
Majesty
,
and
Authority
of
the
writing
,
did
exceedingly
excel
all
the
Eloquebce
of
humane
writings
My
body
trembled
,
He
is
reclaimed
.
my
mind
was
astonished
,
and
I
was
so
affected
all
that
daie
,
that
I
knew
not
where
,
and
what
I
was
.
Thou
wast
mindfull
of
me
,
O
my
God
,
according
to
the
multitude
of
thy
mercies
;
and
calledst
home
thy
lost
sheep
into
thy
foid
.
And
from
that
day
forward
he
fervently
bent
himself
to
the
study
and
practise
of
piety
,
He
goes
to
Geneva
.
to
the
great
joy
,
and
comfort
of
his
father
:
Who
presently
after
sent
him
to
Geneva
,
giving
him
onely
so
much
money
as
would
bear
his
charges
,
intending
to
sent
more
after
him
.
But
the
Civill
wars
presently
beginning
in
France
,
he
was
hindred
of
his
purpose
:
So
that
Junius
when
he
came
to
Geneva
,
had
onely
so
much
money
left
as
would
buy
him
fourbooks
,
a
Bible
,
Calvins
Institutions
,
Beza's
confessions
,
and
an
Hebrew
Grammer
,
which
for
a
year
together
he
studied
with
much
diligence
.
At
the
end
whereof
he
was
sollicited
by
some
of
his
chamberfellowes
to
travell
with
them
into
Helvetia
,
which
he
assented
to
,
and
went
with
them
,
His
travels
.
having
but
little
mony
remaining
.
In
this
jorney
he
spent
three
weeks
,
His
poverty
.
and
at
Bern
saluted
Musculus
,
and
Hallerus
.
At
Zurick
,
Martyr
,
Bullinger
,
and
Gualter
:
and
at
Neocom
,
Farrel
&
so
returned
to
Geneva
again
.
Not
long
after
hee
began
to
be
pinched
with
want
,
and
thereupon
resolved
each
other
day
to
dig
in
the
Town-ditch
to
supply
his
necessities
withall
.
But
it
so
fell
out
by
Gods
providence
that
a
young
man
,
A
speciall
providence
.
a
Tailor
,
whose
Mother
had
formerly
lived
over
against
Junius
his
Mothers
house
in
France
,
and
had
often
been
relieved
by
her
,
profered
him
both
mony
,
and
lodging
in
his
house
.
With
him
therefore
he
lived
almost
seven
months
(
yet
with
much
inconvenience
to
his
studies
)
till
a
peace
being
made
in
France
,
his
Father
sent
Mony
to
him
.
Whilst
he
lived
with
his
hest
,
to
prevent
his
being
burthensom
to
him
,
for
four
moneths
together
he
fasted
from
his
dinners
,
spending
that
time
in
walking
,
meditation
,
and
prayer
:
And
at
supper
he
never
eat
but
two
eggs
.
But
by
this
abstinence
,
he
so
weakned
,
and
dried
up
his
body
,
that
his
strength
was
much
decaied
,
He
weakens
his
body
by
abstinence
.
till
by
the
advice
of
his
friends
,
changing
his
custome
,
and
mending
his
Commons
,
he
by
degrees
recovered
it
again
.
His
Father
not
willing
that
he
should
study
Divinity
,
sent
for
him
home
;
but
he
wrote
to
him
desiring
that
for
the
improvement
of
his
studies
hee
would
be
pleased
to
allow
him
a
longer
stay
.
But
before
his
letter
came
,
his
Father
was
cruelly
murthered
:
which
sad
newes
coming
to
him
,
His
Father
murthered
.
he
wrote
to
his
Mother
not
to
be
sollicitous
for
him
,
for
that
he
would
maintain
himself
by
his
own
labors
:
And
thereupon
hee
taught
Latine
,
Oreek
and
Hebrew
to
some
youths
,
and
so
followed
his
studies
besides
,
His
Industry
.
that
he
brought
his
bodie
into
a
dangerous
distemper
.
It
fell
out
also
that
about
that
time
the
Head-School
master
of
Geneva
dying
,
the
Minister
of
Noso●om
was
sent
for
to
supply
his
room
,
and
Junius
was
profered
to
Preach
in
his
place
,
which
he
refused
,
excusing
himselfe
for
that
as
yet
hee
had
not
so
fitted
himselfe
by
his
studies
for
the
work
of
the
Ministry
as
he
desired
.
Shortly
after
there
came
a
Messenger
from
Antwerp
,
desiring
that
a
Minister
might
be
sent
to
the
French
Church
that
was
gathered
there
,
He
is
chosen
to
Antwerp
.
and
Junius
being
judged
fit
for
that
service
,
he
was
sent
thither
,
which
fell
out
to
be
just
at
that
time
when
the
Navie
went
from
thence
to
fetch
a
Bride
for
Alexander
Farnesius
Prince
of
Parma
,
by
which
meanes
there
was
great
expectation
of
good
both
in
Flanders
,
and
Brabant
;
But
it
proved
far
otherwise
,
The
inquisition
brought
into
the
Ne
herlands
.
for
the
Navy
shortly
after
returning
,
brought
together
with
the
Bride
,
the
King
of
Spaines
letters
Patents
for
the
setling
of
the
Spa●sh
Inquisition
in
the
Belgick
Provinces
.
For
the
preventing
of
which
yoke
,
some
of
the
Nobility
met
together
at
Bruxels
,
sending
for
Junius
to
come
to
them
,
who
coming
,
found
but
about
twenty
men
together
,
to
whom
he
Preached
,
and
prayed
that
they
might
be
delivered
from
that
cruell
yoke
;
After
which
they
entred
into
consultation
how
they
might
free
●emselves
frmo
it
,
Popish
malice
.
which
was
Anno
Christi
1565.
This
first
meeting
was
in
the
house
of
two
Noblemen
[
brothers
]
for
which
two
yeares
after
they
lost
their
heads
,
and
their
house
was
pulled
down
to
the
ground
.
Junius
was
afterwards
sought
for
at
his
lodging
in
Antwerp
,
Miracles
of
mercy
to
him
.
but
it
pleased
God
that
just
at
that
time
he
was
gone
to
Breda
to
visit
the
Church
there
,
by
which
meanes
God
delivered
him
from
that
danger
.
Yet
the
enemies
laid
another
snare
for
him
,
pretending
a
disputation
at
a
certain
City
in
Flanders
,
at
which
Junius
was
requested
to
be
present
;
but
he
was
no
sooner
come
thither
,
and
gone
into
his
Inne
,
but
a
Townsman
came
running
to
him
to
tell
him
,
that
the
Officers
were
coming
to
seize
upon
him
:
Whereupon
he
was
conducted
out
at
a
back
door
,
and
led
from
one
place
to
another
,
by
which
meanes
he
escaped
the
unjust
violence
of
his
adversaries
.
An
other
danger
.
Afterwards
at
Gaunt
he
was
in
like
danger
,
yet
the
Lord
wonderfully
delivered
him
,
so
that
he
got
to
Antwerp
in
safetie
.
When
hee
came
backe
to
Antwerp
he
was
not
suffered
to
continue
in
his
Pastoral
Office
:
Whereupon
,
by
the
advice
of
the
Brethren
,
He
goes
to
Limburg
.
he
went
to
Limburg
,
leaving
his
Clothes
,
and
Library
behind
him
,
all
which
he
there
lost
:
Yet
neither
was
he
there
in
safety
,
but
so
many
snares
were
laid
for
him
,
that
he
escaped
death
very
narrowly
several
times
,
the
Almighty
Lord
still
protecting
him
.
There
was
near
that
place
an
old
woman
,
Strange
tentations
.
having
manie
children
,
that
for
thirteen
years
together
had
conflicted
with
grievous
despair
,
crying
out
that
shee
,
and
all
her
children
were
damned
;
A
strange
example
.
The
Priests
had
often
by
their
exorcisms
sought
her
cure
:
The
neighbours
had
bound
her
in
chaines
,
and
beaten
her
yet
all
in
vain
:
for
she
brake
the
chaines
,
and
run
into
the
Woods
hiding
her self
from
the
society
of
all
men
,
insomuch
that
she
was
thought
to
be
possessed
with
the
Divill
.
Shee
being
brought
to
Junius
,
he
examined
her
in
private
of
the
cause
of
her
distemper
:
Shee
told
him
that
all
her
Neighbours
said
that
she
was
damned
,
because
she
had
come
so
seldome
to
Mass
,
whereas
indeed
she
was
hindred
from
it
by
the
care
of
her
many
small
children
;
Junius
hereupon
informed
her
out
of
Gods
word
that
she
had
not
sinned
at
all
therein
;
for
that
it
was
according
to
Gods
will
,
that
shee
should
take
care
of
her
children
,
Gods
mercy
.
who
preferr's
mercy
before
sacrifice
:
And
also
that
the
Mass
was
not
the
service
of
God
,
&c.
By
which
meanes
she
was
quieted
in
her
conscience
,
and
went
away
satisfied
,
to
the
great
astonishment
of
all
her
neighbors
.
About
this
time
the
peace
of
the
Church
at
L●mburg
was
much
disturbed
by
the
Anabaptists
,
Anabaptists
disturb
the
Church
.
and
Papists
:
Junius
went
often
to
the
Anabaptists
and
reasoned
with
them
peaceably
,
and
calmly
,
whereupon
they
quickly
decreased
,
both
in
their
number
,
and
credit
.
But
the
Papists
cast
aspersions
upon
him
to
make
him
odious
,
and
amongst
the
rest
,
that
he
was
a
Monster
,
and
had
cloven
feet
;
Popish
malice
.
They
came
also
to
Church
to
disturb
him
in
his
Sermons
,
but
notwithhanding
all
their
endeavours
his
auditory
stil
increased
.
And
when
they
had
challenged
him
to
Disputations
,
they
allwaies
pretended
one
excuse
or
other
when
the
time
came
,
to
evade
the
same
.
But
from
secret
plots
,
they
brake
out
into
open
violence
;
where
upon
the
Magistrates
perswaded
him
to
retire
himself
from
the
danger
,
Flight
in
pe●secution
.
and
in
a
dark
rainy
night
they
conveyed
him
●●t
of
the
City
,
and
so
he
went
to
Heidleberg
,
where
he
was
courteously
entertained
by
Prince
Frederick
the
third
,
He
goes
to
Heidleberg
.
and
afterward
chosen
Pastor
of
the
Church
of
Schaenavia
which
was
near
unto
that
City
.
But
the
year
after
,
A
great
plague
.
the
pestilence
greatly
afflicting
●hat
Church
,
he
was
sent
(
though
against
his
will
)
to
the
Camp
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
who
was
going
into
the
Low-countries
,
and
(
when
meeting
with
many
inconveniencies
in
that
employment
)
he
would
have
returned
into
Germany
,
the
Pr.
of
Orange
would
not
consent
,
but
detained
him
to
preach
still
to
him
;
He
returnes
to
Heidleberg
.
yet
at
last
he
returned
to
Heidleberg
,
and
endeavoured
to
compose
some
differences
that
in
his
absence
were
sprung
up
in
the
Church
of
Schaenavìa
.
The
Prince
Elector
Palatine
often
perswaded
him
to
goe
back
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
he
as
often
excused
it
;
but
at
last
he
commanded
him
peremptorily
to
goe
;
but
it
so
fell
out
that
as
he
was
going
over
the
bridge
of
Heidleberg
,
he
was
grievously
bitten
in
his
right
leg
by
a
dog
,
and
so
he
obtained
leave
to
stay
.
He
continued
there
to
the
year
1592
,
and
assisted
Tremelius
in
Translating
the
Bible
out
of
Hebrew
.
The
Elector
being
dead
,
Bible
translated
.
hee
was
sent
for
by
Prince
Cassimire
to
Neostade
;
and
afterwards
was
sent
for
by
the
same
Cassimire
(
being
Guardian
to
the
young
Prince
)
to
Heidleberg
again
.
Yet
not
long
after
,
with
the
consent
of
the
Prince
,
hee
left
Heidleberg
to
goe
into
his
own
country
:
But
when
with
his
family
he
came
to
Leiden
,
he
was
much
importuned
both
by
the
Magistrates
and
the
University
to
stay
there
;
and
though
he
would
fain
have
excused
it
,
He
is
made
Professor
in
Leiden
.
yet
at
last
they
prevailed
,
and
made
him
the
Professor
of
Divinity
in
that
University
,
which
place
he
discharged
with
much
diligence
,
and
commendation
for
ten
yeares
space
.
At
the
end
of
which
,
a
great
plague
spreading
all
over
Holland
,
he
fell
sick
of
it
,
and
quietly
resigned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
,
Anno
Chr.
1602
,
and
of
his
age
57.
His
death
.
When
Gomarus
,
his
Colleague
,
came
to
visit
him
in
his
sickness
,
and
had
spoken
comfortably
to
him
,
Junius
told
him
,
that
he
quieted
himself
in
God
,
who
would
doe
for
him
that
which
was
most
for
his
glory
,
and
his
own
good
.
His
Works
are
these
.
His
Works
.
Commentarius
in
Danielem
.
In
Psal.
101.
In
Apocalypsin
.
In
Jonam
Prophetam
.
With
many
others
set
down
by
Verheiden
.
The
Life
of
Luke
Trelcatius
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1602.
LUke
Yrelcatius
was
born
at
Erinum
Anno
Christi
1542
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
brought
up
by
his
Aunt
,
who
was
Abbesse
of
a
Nunnery
.
His
first
Education
was
in
the
School
at
Doway
,
where
(
being
of
an
acute
wit
)
he
profited
exceedingly
in
the
knowledge
of
the
humane
arts
:
From
thence
he
went
to
Paris
,
and
whilst
he
studied
there
,
He
goes
to
Paris
.
it
pleased
God
that
he
fell
into
acquaintance
with
John
Mercer
the
Hebrew
Professor
,
and
with
Peter
Ramus
,
by
converse
with
whom
hee
was
exceedingly
affected
with
the
love
of
the
reformed
Religion
,
so
that
he
forsooke
his
Aunt
,
and
was
maintained
by
the
bounty
of
some
Merchants
of
Flanders
.
From
thence
he
went
to
Orleance
,
He
goes
to
Orleance
.
and
from
thence
to
Sancerra
in
the
28th
yeare
of
his
age
;
and
being
driven
from
thence
by
the
tempest
of
Civill
Wars
,
he
came
into
England
;
and
at
London
he
taught
a
School
,
He
comes
into
England
.
by
which
he
maintained
himselfe
eight
yeares
.
Then
was
hee
called
by
some
Merchants
into
Flanders
to
be
their
Pastor
;
but
enjoying
little
peace
there
,
His
several
imployment●
.
he
went
to
Bruxels
,
where
hee
continued
in
the
exercise
of
the
Ministry
six
years
,
and
then
meeting
with
opposition
,
he
went
to
Antwerp
,
and
that
City
being
presently
after
besieged
,
he
was
forced
to
stay
there
for
eight
moneths
.
After
which
,
being
sent
for
to
divers
places
,
at
length
he
was
,
by
the
consent
of
his
brethren
in
the
Ministry
,
fixt
at
Leiden
,
where
hee
was
made
Pastor
of
the
French
Church
,
which
place
he
supplied
faithfully
for
the
space
of
seventeen
years
.
He
had
scarce
been
there
two
yeares
,
when
for
his
cellent
parts
and
learning
hee
was
chosen
Divinity-Professor
in
that
University
also
;
and
at
last
,
having
acquired
much
honour
in
both
his
offices
,
His
Death
.
hee
dyed
of
the
Plague
,
Anno
Christi
1602
,
and
of
his
age
60.
W.
PERKINS
The
Life
of
John
Whitgift
,
who
dyed
A
no
Christi
1603.
JOhn
Whitgift
came
of
the
ancient
Family
of
the
Whitgifts
of
Whitgift
in
Yorkshire
,
His
parentage
.
his
Father
was
a
Merchant
of
great
Grimsby
in
Lincolnshire
.
His
birth
.
He
was
born
Anno
Christi
1530.
His
Uncle
Robert
Whitgift
was
Abbat
of
the
Monastery
of
Wellow
in
the
County
of
Lincoln
,
who
would
often
tell
him
when
he
was
a
boy
,
that
neither
he
,
nor
his
Religion
could
stand
long
,
for
that
he
had
often
searched
the
Scriptures
,
A
prediction
.
but
could
never
find
there
that
his
Religion
was
of
Divine
institution
;
and
therefore
,
according
to
Christs
speech
,
Every
plant
which
his
heavenly
father
had
not
planted
must
be
rooted
up
;
which
also
came
to
pass
shortly
after
,
when
King
Henry
the
eighth
demolished
the
Abbeyes
.
By
this
Uncle
he
was
trained
up
in
Learning
in
his
childhood
,
His
education
.
who
finding
him
of
a
prompt
,
and
acute
wit
,
sent
him
to
London
to
Saint
Anthonyes
School
in
Bennet
Fink
parish
,
&
when
he
had
made
a
good
progresse
in
Learning
there
,
he
went
to
Cambridge
,
He
goes
to
Ca●bridge
.
and
studied
a
while
in
Queens
Colledge
;
but
not
liking
that
house
,
he
removed
to
Pembrok-hall
,
where
Nicolas
Ridley
was
the
Master
,
and
Master
Bradford
was
his
Tutor
;
who
informing
Doctor
Ridley
of
the
ingenuity
,
diligence
,
and
piety
of
this
young
Whitgift
,
he
procured
for
him
a
Scholarship
.
Anno
Christi
1555
,
He
is
Fellow
of
Peter-house
.
he
was
chosen
Fellow
of
Peter-House
,
where
Doctor
Andrew
Pearn
was
Master
,
who
favoured
him
exceedingly
,
and
sheltered
him
from
danger
all
Queen
Maries
daies
.
He
took
all
his
degrees
,
of
Batchelor
of
Arts
,
Master
of
Arts
,
Batchelor
of
Divinity
,
and
Doctor
of
Divinity
with
great
approbation
.
When
he
commenced
Doctor
,
hee
disputed
upon
this
question
,
The
Pope
is
Antichrist
.
Papa
est
ille
Antichristus
;
the
Pope
is
that
Antichrist
.
He
was
also
a
famous
Preacher
,
and
when
Doctor
Hutton
was
preferred
to
the
Archbishoprick
of
York
,
He
is
Mr.
of
Pembrok-hall
.
he
was
chosen
Master
of
Pembrok-Hall
in
his
room
,
and
Doctor
Cox
Bishop
of
Elie
made
him
his
Chaplain
:
Afterwards
he
was
chosen
the
Margaret-Professor
,
And
Margaret
Professor
.
which
place
he
discharged
with
such
high
commendations
,
that
not
long
after
he
was
made
the
Queens
Professor
;
and
preaching
before
Queen
Elizabeth
,
she
liked
him
so
well
that
she
made
him
her
Chaplain
,
and
Master
of
Trinity-Colledge
in
Cambridge
,
Anno
Christi
1567.
His
preferm●nts
.
In
which
place
he
remained
for
ten
years
with
the
good
approbation
of
all
men
.
The
Queen
also
made
him
Dean
of
Lincoln
.
He
had
many
Noblemen
which
were
his
pupils
,
and
bred
up
also
many
learned
men
,
which
afterwards
proved
famous
lights
in
the
Church
.
Anno
Christi
1577
the
Queen
made
him
Bishop
of
Worcester
,
His
esteem
with
the
Qu.
and
after
the
death
of
Gr●ndal
Anno
Christi
1583
,
she
removed
him
to
the
Archbishoprick
of
Canterburie
.
Shee
had
alwaies
a
very
high
esteem
of
him
,
and
used
him
so
familiarly
,
that
she
called
him
her
black
husband
.
He
was
present
with
,
and
a
great
comfort
to
her
at
her
death
.
And
when
King
James
came
to
the
Crown
,
he
also
much
reverenced
Archbishop
Whitgift
.
But
he
had
laid
the
death
of
Queen
Elizabeth
So
deeply
to
heart
,
His
sicknesse
.
that
within
some
few
moneths
hee
fell
sick
;
which
when
King
James
heard
of
,
he
went
to
him
,
and
laboured
to
chear
him
up
,
His
death
.
but
within
a
few
daies
after
hee
quietly
departed
in
the
Lord
,
Anno
Christi
1603
,
and
of
his
age
seventy
three
,
having
been
Archbishop
about
twenty
years
.
He
did
many
,
His
charity
.
and
great
works
of
Charity
wheresoever
he
lived
,
viz.
at
Lincoln
,
Worcester
,
Wales
,
Kent
,
and
Surrey
.
One
act
of
Justice
done
by
him
is
scarce
to
be
parallel'd
,
and
may
be
read
at
large
in
the
life
of
Mr.
Hugh
Clark
at
the
end
of
my
Generall
Martyrologie
.
Much
Controversie
there
was
between
Mr.
Tho.
Cartwright
and
him
about
Ceremonies
,
as
appears
by
the
books
extant
betwixt
them
.
T.
BEZA
The
Life
of
Theodore
Beza
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1605.
THeodore
Beza
was
born
at
Veselia
Anno
Christi
1519.
His
birth
and
Parentage
.
His
Father
was
Peter
Beza
,
Praefect
of
that
Town
,
his
Mother
was
Mary
Burdolet
,
both
of
them
nobly
born
.
As
soon
as
he
was
weaned
,
he
was
sent
for
by
his
Uncle
Nicolas
Beza
to
Paris
,
who
was
a
Counsellor
in
the
Parliament
,
and
by
him
was
tenderly
and
carefully
educated
,
His
Education
.
and
at
five
years
old
he
placed
him
with
Wolmarus
,
a
famous
Schoolmaster
at
Orleance
,
with
whom
he
lived
seven
years
,
and
in
that
time
learned
Latine
,
Greek
,
and
all
the
Liberal
Arts
,
so
that
there
was
no
worthy
author
either
in
Greek
or
Latine
,
which
hee
had
not
turned
over
:
Yea
Wolmarus
had
also
read
Law
to
him
.
But
that
which
was
principal
,
he
instructed
him
in
the
true
Religion
,
drawn
out
of
the
Fountain
of
Gods
Word
.
Afterwards
,
when
Wolmarus
was
returned
into
his
native
Country
of
Germany
,
He
studies
the
Law
.
by
the
advice
of
his
friends
,
Beza
was
placed
in
Orleance
to
study
the
Civil
Law
,
but
disliking
their
baibarous
language
,
he
left
those
,
and
betook
himself
to
more
Polite
Studies
.
His
Poems
.
He
also
affected
Poetry
very
much
,
and
made
all
his
Poems
before
he
was
twenty
years
old
;
and
imitating
Catullus
and
Ovid
therein
,
he
writ
more
wantonly
then
afterwards
he
approved
of
;
and
indeed
endeavoured
to
have
suppressed
his
Poems
,
but
the
Papists
hating
him
for
his
Religion
,
Popish
malice
.
often
printed
them
,
seeking
thereby
his
disgrace
all
that
possibly
they
could
.
Anno
Christi
1539
he
went
to
Paris
,
where
he
was
entertain'd
by
his
kindred
and
friends
with
all
the
expressions
of
love
and
respect
that
might
be
,
but
above
all
hee
was
most
welcome
to
another
of
his
Uncles
(
for
the
former
was
now
dead
)
who
was
Abbat
of
Frigidmont
,
and
who
designed
him
for
his
Successor
,
the
profits
of
which
place
were
worth
above
five
thousand
crowns
per●in
.
besides
two
Benefices
belonging
to
the
same
,
worth
seven
hundred
crowns
more
.
Beza
by
this
Uncles
means
,
abounding
with
ease
,
money
,
and
all
things
,
His
tentations
.
but
good
counsell
,
began
to
find
himself
compassed
about
with
infinite
snares
of
Sathan
:
For
though
he
hated
those
vices
which
discovered
open
impiety
,
and
were
disgracefull
,
yet
hee
squandred
away
precious
houres
in
pastimes
,
and
began
to
be
puffed
up
with
that
applause
which
he
gat
by
his
forementioned
Poems
,
and
by
his
hopes
of
the
great
preferments
which
his
Uncle
reserved
for
him
.
Yet
it
pleased
God
that
those
seeds
of
piety
that
were
sown
in
him
in
his
childhood
,
began
to
appear
afresh
,
so
that
discerning
his
danger
,
His
conversion
.
and
the
Snares
of
Satan
,
he
made
a
vow
to
renounce
the
errors
of
Popery
,
His
marriage
.
and
lest
hee
should
be
overcome
by
fleshly
lusts
,
he
privately
married
a
wife
,
having
only
two
of
his
fast
friends
present
at
his
marriage
;
yet
at
the
same
time
he
faithfully
promised
that
within
a
certain
space
of
time
,
breaking
through
all
impediments
,
he
would
have
her
to
the
true
Church
of
God
,
and
there
publickly
confirm
the
Marriage
,
and
that
in
the
mean
time
he
would
take
none
of
the
Popish
Orders
:
Both
which
he
religiously
performed
afterwards
.
And
yet
the
world
heaping
more
honours
and
profits
upon
him
by
the
death
of
his
elder
brother
,
and
the
Abbat
his
Uncle
giving
him
all
his
goods
,
New
ten●at●ons
hee
was
long
in
resolving
what
to
do
,
and
slower
in
performing
his
Vow
then
he
should
have
been
:
But
whilst
he
thus
delayed
,
the
Lord
struck
him
with
a
sore
disease
that
he
almost
despaired
of
life
;
Gods
mercy
to
him
by
sicknes
.
and
it
continuing
long
upon
him
,
he
was
at
last
humbled
by
it
,
and
abhorred
himself
for
his
delayes
,
and
with
many
tears
begged
pardon
of
God
for
the
same
,
Affliction
sanctified
.
saying
,
Lord
bring
my
soul
out
of
prison
that
I
may
praise
thy
name
:
And
the
Lord
heard
,
and
restored
him
.
And
as
soon
as
ever
he
had
recovered
his
health
,
according
to
his
former
engagements
,
he
took
his
wife
,
and
leaving
friends
,
honours
,
riches
,
He
leaves
all
for
Christ
.
and
country
,
hee
went
to
Geneva
Anno
Christi
1548
,
where
according
to
his
former
vow
,
he
publickly
solemnized
his
marriage
.
About
the
same
time
also
there
came
to
Geneva
one
John
Crispin
,
an
antient
and
intimate
friend
of
Beza's
,
and
so
both
of
them
consulted
together
what
course
of
life
to
betake
themselves
to
,
purposing
to
set
upon
the
Art
of
Printing
,
which
their
excellent
learning
and
industry
did
much
fit
them
for
.
But
God
had
appointed
Beza
to
another
imployment
;
for
before
they
could
bring
their
purpose
to
maturity
,
Beza
would
needs
take
a
journey
to
Tubing
,
where
his
old
Master
Wolmarus
lived
,
being
now
a
Counsellor
to
the
Prince
of
Wirtemberg
;
and
as
soon
as
hee
was
returned
to
Geneva
,
dreaming
of
no
such
matter
,
he
was
called
to
be
the
Greek
Professor
in
the
University
of
Lausanna
,
and
by
the
Senate
of
Bern
,
A
speciall
providence
.
admitting
that
election
,
was
brought
into
that
society
.
Beza
therefore
looking
upon
it
as
a
call
from
God
,
embraced
it
,
and
went
to
Lausanna
.
In
which
place
hee
found
many
excellent
men
,
His
remove
to
Lausanna
.
as
Peter
Viret
the
Pastor
,
John
Ribbit
the
Divinity
Professor
,
John
Raimund
Merlin
the
Hebrew
Professor
,
&c.
by
all
whom
he
was
kindly
entertained
,
and
so
dearly
beloved
,
that
each
seemed
to
live
in
the
other
.
At
his
first
coming
to
that
University
,
His
prudence
.
that
he
might
the
better
arme
himselfe
against
those
manifold
perturbations
which
all
men
,
especially
the
godly
are
molested
withall
,
he
often
,
and
seriously
meditated
upon
the
History
of
Abraham
.
And
as
often
as
he
had
any
leisure
,
he
went
to
Geneva
to
converse
with
Calvin
,
by
whom
he
was
much
quickned
to
improve
his
parts
for
Gods
glory
and
the
Churches
good
.
And
upon
this
he
undertook
that
truly
golden
work
,
begun
by
Marot
,
He
turnes
the
Psalms
in●o
French
metre
.
but
finished
by
him
,
of
turning
the
Psalms
into
French
Metre
,
which
hee
finished
Anno
Christi
1561
,
and
which
were
often
printed
in
sundry
parts
of
France
.
About
this
time
many
godly
men
and
women
flocked
out
of
France
to
Lausanna
,
which
occasion
Beza
taking
as
sent
from
God
,
expounded
to
them
the
Epistle
to
the
Romans
,
His
exp●sitions
.
and
afterwards
the
two
Epistles
to
Peter
,
which
were
the
foundation
of
that
excellent
work
which
afterwards
he
compleated
,
of
turning
the
New
Testament
into
Latine
,
with
Annotations
upon
the
same
.
About
that
time
the
Plague
waxing
hot
in
Lausanna
,
He
falls
sick
of
the
Plague
.
Beza
fell
sick
of
it
,
but
Christ
(
who
intended
him
as
an
instrument
of
his
glory
in
his
Churches
good
)
restored
him
to
health
again
.
Gods
goodness
.
Shortly
after
which
he
wrote
a
book
de
Haereticis
à
Magistratu
puniendis
,
His
works
.
occasioned
by
the
aspersions
raised
by
Laelius
Socinus
against
Calvin
,
and
the
Magistrates
of
Geneva
for
burning
Servetus
for
his
Heresie
and
Blasphemy
.
He
also
wrote
an
explication
of
Christianity
out
of
the
Doctrine
of
eternall
Predestination
.
He
also
answered
Joachim
Westphalus
about
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
;
and
afterwards
published
two
learned
Dialogues
upon
the
same
argument
.
He
answered
Sebastian
Castalio
,
who
sought
to
overthrow
Eternall
Election
.
Anno
Christi
1557
when
the
Sorbonists
in
Paris
had
raised
that
persecution
against
the
Church
of
Christ
,
wherein
four
hundred
of
them
being
met
together
in
the
night
to
hear
the
Word
,
and
receive
the
Lords
Supper
,
seven
of
them
were
afterwards
burnt
in
the
fire
,
Persecution
in
France
.
and
the
rest
cast
into
chains
and
prisons
.
The
best
means
thought
on
to
procure
their
release
was
,
by
obtaining
the
Protestant
German
Princes
to
become
Intercessors
for
them
to
Henry
the
2d
of
France
.
And
thereupon
Beza
with
some
others
were
sent
to
the
German
Princes
to
engage
them
herein
,
which
also
he
obtained
from
them
,
though
it
proved
to
little
purpose
,
in
regard
of
the
implacable
malice
of
the
French
Courtiers
against
the
servants
of
Christ
.
Popish
malice
.
In
that
journey
hee
grew
acquainted
with
Melancthon
,
and
they
took
much
delight
in
the
society
of
each
other
.
Friendship
.
Having
spent
ten
years
at
Lausanna
,
as
the
Greek
Professor
,
with
the
good
leave
of
the
Senate
of
Bern
,
His
remove
to
Geneva
.
he
went
to
Geneva
Anno
Christi
1559
,
and
lived
with
Calvin
,
from
whose
side
he
seldom
parted
,
and
was
his
great
assistant
both
in
matters
of
Doctrine
and
Discipline●
and
that
in
the
mean
time
he
might
not
be
wanting
to
the
Schools
,
he
publickly
interpreted
Demosthenes
Orations
,
and
part
of
Aristotle
to
the
young
Students
.
And
not
long
after
upon
the
death
of
Claudius
Pontanus
,
He
is
chosen
Pa●●or
.
he
was
chosen
Pastor
into
his
room
.
He
was
also
chosen
the
first
Rector
of
the
School
in
Geneva
,
at
which
time
he
made
an
excellent
and
eloquent
Oration
in
commendation
of
Learning
,
in
the
presence
of
many
grave
and
learned
men
,
both
to
encourage
youths
to
the
love
of
it
,
●earning
advanced
in
troublesom●
times
.
and
the
Senators
of
Geneva
to
make
a
further
progresse
in
the
advancement
of
it
.
For
whereas
the
City
of
Geneva
did
at
this
time
conflict
with
innumerable
difficulties
both
at
home
and
abroad
which
did
almost
swallow
it
up
,
yet
by
the
perswasion
of
tha●
great
Calvin
,
it
took
so
much
courage
,
that
in
that
ver●
juncture
of
time
,
the
Senate
founded
,
and
endowed
tha●
publick
School
which
was
a
great
ornament
to
the
City
,
and
out
of
which
issued
abundance
of
godly
and
learned
men
,
to
the
great
benefit
of
the
Churches
of
God
.
Shortly
after
,
He
deals
with
the
King
of
Navar.
at
the
request
of
certain
Noblemen
of
France
Beza
was
invited
to
visit
Anthony
King
of
Navar
,
who
at
this
time
was
at
Nerac
in
Aquitane
,
to
conferre
with
him
about
some
weighty
matters
,
but
especially
,
if
it
were
possible
,
through
Gods
mercy
,
to
confirm
his
mind
in
the
true
Religion
:
For
it
was
hoped
that
if
that
King
,
who
was
the
principall
man
of
the
Royall
blood
,
and
like
to
govern
the
affairs
of
State
in
the
minority
of
King
Francis
the
second
,
could
be
confirmed
in
the
truth
,
it
would
much
conduce
to
the
peace
of
the
Churches
,
and
to
the
preservation
of
the
lives
of
many
who
were
cruelly
burned
by
the
Papists
in
sunday
parts
of
the
Kingdome
.
Neither
did
this
design
want
effect
:
For
Anno
Christi
1561
,
the
King
of
France
dying
at
Orleance
,
the
King
of
Navar
joyning
with
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
the
Admirall
Coligni
,
d'
Andelot
,
and
other
Noblemen
▪
caused
the
Popish
party
to
give
over
the
butcheries
,
Persecution
stopped
.
and
executions
which
they
had
formerly
done
upon
many
of
Christs
faithfull
servants
.
Charles
the
ninth
coming
to
the
Crown
,
there
were
various
actings
about
Religion
,
whilst
the
Pontificians
would
advance
their
own
,
and
root
out
the
Refo●med
;
and
on
the
contrary
they
of
the
Reformed
Religion
contended
with
all
their
might
to
promote
their
own
;
and
therefore
lest
these
severall
parties
should
cause
commotions
,
A
conf●rence
about
Religion
there
were
Edicts
published
in
the
Kings
name
,
requiring
all
upon
severe
penalty
to
abstain
from
arms
,
and
to
keep
the
peace
,
till
certain
select
persons
of
each
party
at
a
certain
time
,
and
place
nominated
,
should
meet
together
to
consider
of
the
fittest
way
,
and
means
to
preserve
the
publick
peace
;
many
not
onely
of
the
common
people
,
but
of
the
Nobility
inclining
to
the
Reformed
Religion
.
Hereupon
the
King
of
Navar
sent
Letters
and
Messengers
to
the
Senate
of
Geneva
,
Who
repa●r
to
it
.
requesting
that
Beza
might
be
sent
to
that
great
meeting
where
such
weighty
matters
should
be
transacted
.
The
Prince
of
Conde
also
requested
the
same
.
Beza
upon
this
,
set
forward
,
and
came
to
Paris
,
August
the
twentieth
.
And
the
Queen
Mother
wrote
also
to
the
same
purpose
to
the
Senate
of
Zurick
to
send
Peter
Martyr
to
her
,
which
accordingly
they
did
,
and
Martyr
came
to
Paris
.
The
chief
of
the
Pontificians
also
repaired
to
this
meeting
,
though
they
had
declared
that
such
as
had
been
long
agoe
condemned
for
Heresie
,
ought
not
to
be
conferred
withall
.
There
came
also
many
Ministers
of
the
Reformed
Churches
in
France
,
The
French
Ministers
.
as
Nich.
Gallasius
,
August
.
Marlorat
,
Jo.
Raimund
Merlin
,
Francis
Sampaulius
,
Francis
Morellus
,
Jo.
Malotius
,
Jo.
Spinaeus
,
Claudius
Bossierus
,
Nich.
Folius
,
Mat.
Virellus
,
John
Tornaeus
,
and
N.
Barbastus
:
For
they
had
the
publick
Faith
given
them
for
their
safe
coming
,
stay
,
and
return
at
their
pleasures
.
August
the
three
and
twentieth
,
they
met
together
at
Saint
Germans
,
where
the
Protestants
d●bating
who
shou'd
speake
for
them
,
they
unanimously
chose
Beza
,
as
a
man
every
way
fitted
for
that
employment
;
and
in
the
evening
he
was
had
into
the
King
of
Navars
chamber
,
where
were
present
the
Queen
Mother
,
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
the
Cardinals
of
Bourbon
and
Lorrain
,
Beza's
speech
.
with
many
of
the
Nobility
.
Beza
briefly
declared
the
cause
of
his
coming
(
though
it
was
not
unknown
unto
them
)
and
the
Queen
chearfully
answered
,
that
she
much
desired
that
the
publick
peace
might
be
principally
promoted
:
And
the
Cardinal
of
Lorrain
exhorted
him
to
study
the
wayes
of
peace
,
and
concord
:
For
(
saith
he
)
in
your
absence
you
have
been
the
author
of
many
stirs
,
and
tumults
,
therefore
it
beseems
you
by
your
presence
to
endeavour
to
compose
them
,
His
conference
which
is
that
which
we
all
desire
.
To
this
Beza
replyed
,
that
he
was
too
mean
and
obscure
a
person
to
raise
commotions
in
so
large
and
potent
a
Kingdom
:
That
he
was
alwaies
an
enemy
to
tumults
,
and
that
his
studies
and
endevours
should
alwaies
be
bent
to
promote
the
Glory
of
God
,
and
the
happinesse
of
his
King
and
Country
.
Then
did
the
Queen
ask
him
if
he
had
ever
published
any
thing
in
French
?
Nothing
(
said
he
)
besides
the
Psalmes
,
and
a
short
writing
opposed
to
the
Confession
of
the
Duke
of
Summerset
.
Upon
this
occasion
Lorrain
said
,
that
he
had
read
in
a
book
published
in
Beza's
name
,
That
Christ
was
in
the
same
manner
to
be
sought
in
his
Supper
,
as
he
was
before
he
was
born
of
the
blessed
Virgin
:
And
that
Christ
was
so
in
his
Supper
as
he
is
in
the
dung
.
To
this
Beza
answered
,
That
this
latter
speech
was
blasphemy
,
and
that
he
thought
that
no
Christian
had
ever
spoken
or
written
any
such
thing
.
As
for
the
former
speech
(
saith
he
)
if
it
be
taken
in
a
good
sence
,
its
true
;
for
the
Church
hath
alwaies
been
congregated
by
one
Mediator
,
Christ
,
God-man
,
therefore
the
Communion
of
the
faithfull
with
Christ
,
is
not
to
be
confined
to
the
time
of
his
Incarnation
,
for
the
force
and
efficacy
thereof
was
alwaies
present
to
the
eye
of
Faith
:
For
Abraham
saw
his
day
,
and
rejoyced
:
The
Fathers
did
eat
of
the
same
spirituall
and
drank
of
the
same
spirituall
Rock
,
viz.
Christ
;
and
that
he
was
the
Lamb
slain
from
the
foundation
of
the
world
.
To
which
the
Cardinal
assented
.
Then
was
there
another
question
started
about
the
sence
of
those
words
,
This
is
my
body
.
Whereunto
Beza
answered
learnedly
and
briefly
,
lay●ng
down
the
Reformed
opinion
,
and
against
Transubstantiation
.
Whereunto
the
Cardinal
answered
,
that
for
his
part
he
would
not
contend
about
Transubstantiation
,
being
of
Beza's
mind
;
and
withall
told
the
Queen
that
Beza
had
given
him
great
satisfaction
in
that
point
,
and
that
he
hoped
their
conference
would
come
to
a
good
issue
if
things
were
handled
peaceably
,
and
with
right
reason
.
When
the
company
was
departed
,
the
Cardinall
spake
very
lovingly
to
Beza
,
Cardinal
of
Lorrains
speech
to
Beza
.
saying
,
Now
that
I
have
heard
you
speak
▪
I
rejoice
,
and
invite
you
to
the
conference
by
the
immortall
God
,
hoping
that
weighing
the
reasons
on
both
sides
,
some
way
may
be
found
out
for
the
setling
of
a
firm
peace
.
Beza
returned
him
hearty
thanks
,
intreating
him
to
persevere
in
the
study
,
and
endeavour
of
procuring
publick
concord
:
Professing
for
his
own
part
,
that
according
to
the
abilities
God
had
given
him
,
he
would
promote
it
.
Septemb.
the
fourth
they
met
together
in
the
large
Hall
of
the
Monastery
at
Possy
▪
where
were
present
the
King
,
The
first
meeting
.
the
Queen
Mother
,
the
Duke
of
Orleance
the
Kings
brother
,
Margaret
the
Kings
Sister
,
the
King
and
Queen
of
Navar
,
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Nobility
,
and
States
of
France
.
On
the
Popish
party
were
the
Cardinals
,
Archbishops
,
and
Bishops
,
to
the
number
of
fifty
,
accompanyed
with
many
Doctors
of
Sorbon
,
and
Canonists
.
For
the
Reformed
Churches
were
the
Ministers
before
named
.
After
the
King
had
in
a
few
words
opened
the
causes
why
he
had
called
them
together
,
and
Michael
Hospitalius
,
Beza's
Oration
the
great
Chancellor
of
France
,
had
opened
them
more
largly
,
Beza
in
the
name
of
all
the
Protestants
made
an
excellent
Oration
,
which
he
pronounced
with
such
a
grace
,
as
drew
the
attention
,
and
caused
admiration
in
all
that
were
present
.
In
it
he
comprised
the
sum
of
the
pure
Religion
,
which
was
professed
in
the
Reformed
Churches
of
France
;
Only
this
is
to
be
noted
by
the
way
,
that
when
Beza
in
his
speech
sayd
,
That
Christ
was
as
far
from
the
Sacrament
as
the
highest
heavens
are
from
the
earth
,
the
Popish
Doctors
made
a
great
murmur
,
which
at
last
being
over
,
he
went
on
to
the
end
of
his
speech
.
Then
Turnovius
,
●ean
of
the
Colledge
,
being
in
a
great
passion
against
the
Ministers
,
whom
he
called
new
Professors
,
made
some
objections
,
and
exhorted
the
King
that
hee
would
not
suffer
himself
by
any
perswasions
to
be
withdrawn
from
his
old
Religion
,
and
that
he
would
suspend
his
assent
til
he
had
heard
the
answers
which
the
Prelates
would
give
to
that
which
had
been
spoken
;
for
then
he
should
be
able
to
discern
a
difference
between
the
truth
and
lies
.
Then
did
Beza
humbly
present
to
the
King
a
Confession
of
Faith
in
the
name
,
A
Confession
of
faith
presented
to
the
King
and
with
the
consent
of
all
the
Reformed
Churches
,
which
had
been
drawn
up
in
the
year
1555.
But
when
the
Ministers
perceived
that
the
minds
of
the
Pontificians
were
exasperated
,
they
resolved
that
Beza
should
write
his
private
Letters
to
the
Queen
,
wherein
he
should
explaine
things
more
fully
then
he
was
suffered
to
doe
the
day
before
,
which
accordingly
he
did
.
September
the
sixteenth
,
The
second
meeting
.
the
conference
began
again
in
the
presence
of
the
said
great
personages
.
And
the
Cardinall
of
Lorrain
made
a
tedious
speech
,
wherein
he
defended
the
Popish
Religion
,
perswading
that
nothing
should
be
altered
in
the
same
.
And
when
he
had
done
,
Beza
humbly
entreated
the
King
,
that
hee
might
have
liberty
to
answer
ex
tempore
:
For
the
Protestants
feared
that
after
this
day
they
should
be
suffered
to
meet
no
more
:
For
there
was
a
constant
report
that
the
Ponti●icians
after
that
day
would
have
no
more
to
doe
with
the
Protestants
,
but
would
presently
excommunicate
them
.
Besides
,
there
was
some
fear
that
the
crafty
Prelates
would
evade
any
further
disputation
by
setting
the
French
and
Dutch
Churches
together
by
the
ears
about
the
matter
of
the
Sacrament
:
But
he
could
obtain
nothing
that
day
,
the
conference
being
adjorned
to
another
,
and
procrastinated
by
many
delaies
.
Yet
at
last
,
upon
an
humble
supplication
to
the
King
from
the
Protestants
,
they
obtained
that
the
conference
should
goe
on
.
The
third
meeting
.
And
accordingly
,
September
the
twentie
fourth
,
it
was
again
begun
in
the
same
Audience
,
and
Lorrain
protested
that
this
meeting
was
appointted
,
that
so
the
Protestants
,
if
they
had
a
minde
to
it
,
might
freely
answer
to
what
had
formerly
been
spoken
by
him
.
Then
did
Beza
discourse
excellently
,
and
clearly
about
the
Church
,
The
several
conferences
.
and
the
Supper
of
the
Lord
,
which
two
heads
were
principally
insisted
on
by
Lorrain
.
Then
Espensaeus
,
a
Sorbonist
,
being
appointed
by
the
Cardinall
,
took
up
Beza
,
begining
about
the
Vocation
of
Ministers
both
ordinary
,
and
extraordinary
,
and
so
proceeding
to
Traditions
,
and
the
Lords
Supper
.
Beza
was
about
to
answer
him
,
but
another
Sorbonist
[
Sanctaesius
]
rising
up
,
and
repeating
sowerly
what
Espensaeus
had
said
,
interrupted
him
.
He
insisted
principally
upon
Traditions
,
which
he
affirmed
to
be
certainer
then
the
holy
Scriptures
,
quoting
something
out
of
Tertullian
:
But
Beza
shewed
that
this
froward
speech
of
the
Sorbonist
made
little
towards
setling
the
peace
of
the
Church
,
and
therefore
intreated
the
Queen
that
such
unreasonable
clamours
might
hereafter
be
restrained
.
After
which
hee
answered
Espensaeus
about
the
calling
of
Ministers
,
and
Traditions
:
Whereupon
Sanctaesius
beginning
again
his
clamours
,
would
have
thrust
in
divers
other
questions
;
but
Lorrain
fearing
that
the
Queen
would
be
offended
at
it
,
put
an
end
to
that
question
,
and
propounded
a
new
one
about
the
Supper
of
the
Lord
,
which
unlesse
it
were
determined
,
he
protested
for
himself
,
and
his
associates
,
that
he
would
not
change
another
word
with
the
Ministers
;
and
thereupon
hee
asked
them
if
they
were
all
ready
to
subscribe
the
Augustane
Confession
?
Beza
replyed
,
And
are
you
all
ready
to
joyn
with
us
therein
?
But
the
Cardinal
,
instead
of
an
answer
,
produced
a
Writing
of
the
Opinions
of
some
German
Divines
,
which
he
said
was
lately
sent
to
him
,
importunately
urging
the
Ministers
that
they
also
would
set
down
their
opinions
.
Popish
●●●●lty
This
was
craftily
done
of
him
,
that
if
the
Ministers
should
refuse
to
doe
it
,
he
might
set
them
,
and
the
Germans
at
variance
;
and
if
they
should
doe
it
,
he
might
insult
over
them
as
a
conquerour
.
Beza
therefore
to
shun
this
Rock
said
,
Beza's
a●swer
.
that
he
,
and
his
Colleagues
were
come
thither
to
defend
the
Confession
of
Faith
published
by
their
Churches
,
and
that
they
had
nothing
else
in
command
;
and
that
the
Disputation
was
to
be
continued
about
the
points
contained
therein
,
as
the
likeliest
way
to
come
to
an
happy
issue
:
And
that
the
best
Method
was
,
to
beginne
with
such
things
as
were
most
easie
;
and
that
since
the
Sacraments
d●pended
upon
the
Doctrine
,
that
it
was
fittest
to
beginne
with
the
Doctrine
.
But
when
the
Cardinall
would
by
no
meanes
alter
his
former
resolution
,
the
Ministers
suspecting
that
if
they
wholly
resisted
him
,
he
would
thence
take
occasion
to
dissolve
the
conference
,
and
to
transfer
the
fault
upon
them
,
they
desired
that
the
writing
mi●ht
be
produced
,
and
tha●
they
might
have
time
to
consider
of
it
,
which
being
granted
,
the
meeting
was
dissolved
for
that
day
.
September
the
six
and
twentieth
the
conference
began
again
,
The
f●●rth
me●ting
.
and
Beza
again
di●●ou●sed
of
the
Calling
of
the
Pastors
of
the
Church
,
and
then
of
the
Lords
Supper
:
But
Lorra●n
being
ne●ed
about
some
expressions
which
Beza
used
about
the
vitious
calling
of
their
Ecclesiasticks
,
cried
out
,
that
the
Ma●esty
of
the
King
was
violated
.
Then
Beza
replyed
,
That
he
had
said
nothing
which
might
be
justly
blamed
,
for
that
Kings
had
therefore
drawn
the
choice
of
Ecclesiasticks
in●o
their
own
power
,
because
it
had
been
so
long
abused
.
L●r●●in
,
passing
by
that
subject
,
asked
the
Ministers
why
they
refused
to
subscribe
the
Augustane
Confession
?
To
which
it
was
answered
,
That
if
the
Pontificians
also
would
admit
it
,
there
were
hopes
that
ere
long
they
might
agree
:
But
(
saith
Beza
)
if
you
refuse
to
assent
to
this
Confession
,
its
unequall
that
wee
should
bee
pressed
every
way
to
approve
of
it
.
Then
the
speech
of
the
Lords
Supper
being
again
renewed
,
Espensaeus
quoted
a
speech
of
Calvin
,
That
we
receive
the
substance
of
Christs
Body
:
To
which
was
answered
,
That
by
substance
we
are
not
to
understand
the
fleshly
eating
of
Christ
;
but
it
signifies
the
spirituall
,
and
true
feeding
upon
him
,
as
opposed
to
the
Imaginary
,
and
phantasticall
:
upon
which
occasion
Peter
Martyr
,
because
he
could
not
speak
French
,
produced
many
things
in
Italian
.
Though
Lorrain
often
interrupted
him
;
saying
that
he
would
not
dispute
with
men
of
a
strange
Language
.
Yet
had
Peter
Martyr
for
this
speech
the
testimony
of
Espensaeus
,
That
of
all
the
Divines
of
that
age
,
none
had
handled
that
question
about
the
Lords
Supper
so
fully
,
and
clearly
as
he
.
Whilst
the
Ministers
were
preparing
to
answer
Espensaeus
,
a
certain
Spaniard
,
that
was
Generall
of
the
Jesuits
,
standing
up
,
for
an
hour
together
declamed
in
Italian
,
calling
the
Ministers
Dissemblers
,
Apes
,
Foxes
,
&c.
saying
,
that
they
were
not
to
be
heard
there
,
but
to
be
commanded
to
the
Council
of
Trent
:
And
so
proceeding
to
the
question
about
the
Lords
Supper
:
He
said
that
Christ
was
present
as
a
Prince
,
who
having
gotten
a
victory
,
will
have
the
memory
of
it
to
be
continued
by
some
Anniversary
Playes
,
which
himself
would
be
over
:
And
so
by
an
unusall
impudence
he
laboured
to
stir
up
the
Queen
against
the
Ministers
,
till
he
provoked
some
to
laughter
,
others
to
indignation
.
But
Beza
advised
him
to
keep
his
reproaches
to
himself
.
Told
him
that
the
Queen
had
no
need
of
the
counsell
of
a
Fryar
,
who
would
wisely
govern
affairs
according
to
the
custom
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
that
he
spake
of
the
Lords
Supper
as
if
it
were
a
Stage-play
,
wherein
Christ
should
act
the
first
part
:
And
so
leaving
him
,
he
turned
to
Espensaeus
,
saying
;
As
it
s
said
,
This
is
my
body
,
so
it
s
sayd
,
This
is
the
cup
of
the
New
Testament
,
which
cannot
be
understood
without
a
Figure
:
For
Sacraments
should
not
be
Sacraments
,
if
they
should
not
resemble
those
things
whereof
they
are
Sacraments
,
and
Signs
,
as
St.
Augustine
teacheth
.
But
(
said
Espensaeus
)
if
our
Sacraments
should
be
Signs
,
they
would
not
much
differ
from
the
Jewish
Sacraments
,
and
they
would
be
Signs
of
Signs
,
which
is
absurd
.
But
Beza
shewed
that
there
was
no
absurdity
when
the
Apostle
compared
Circumcision
with
Baptism
,
&c.
Then
said
a
Sorbonist
;
In
this
Proposition
,
This
is
my
body
,
what
doth
This
signifie
?
Beza
answered
,
It
signifies
both
the
Bread
,
and
Christs
Body
.
The
Sorbonist
replyed
,
That
it
was
against
the
Rules
of
Grammer
,
that
Hoc
,
This
,
should
bee
applyed
to
the
Bread
;
but
that
it
was
Individuum
vagum
.
Beza
took
away
this
answer
,
and
told
him
that
his
Individuum
vagum
was
unknown
to
all
learned
Antiquity
.
Then
one
of
the
Sorbon
Doctors
holding
up
his
finger
to
Beza
,
in
a
threatning
manner
said
,
Oh
,
if
we
could
once
catch
thee
within
the
walls
of
Sorbon
,
thou
shouldst
not
get
out
again
.
Thus
the
day
being
spent
,
the
conference
was
dissolved
.
And
seeing
nothing
could
be
effected
this
way
,
some
thought
of
another
,
which
was
that
John
Monluc
,
A
way
of
reconciliation
propounded
.
Bishop
of
Valentia
,
and
Espensaeus
,
who
were
counted
middle
,
and
moderate
men
,
should
transact
these
businesses
privately
with
Beza
,
and
Galasius
,
which
being
assented
to
,
they
met
September
the
seventeenth
at
Saint
Germans
in
a
private
house
,
being
commanded
by
the
Queen
,
that
if
it
were
possible
they
should
agree
upon
some
form
about
the
Lords
Supper
,
which
might
give
content
to
both
parts
,
which
after
much
debate
they
did
,
and
the
form
was
this
.
Confitemur
Jesum
Christum
in
Coenâ
nobis
offerre
,
The
Form
of
the
Agreement
.
dare
,
&
verè
exhibere
substantiam
sui
corporis
,
&
sanguinis
,
operante
spiritu
sancto
:
Nos●
recipere
,
&
edere
spiritualiter
,
&
per
fidem
verum
illud
corpus
quod
pro
nobis
mortuum
est
,
ut
simus
ossa
de
ossibus
ejus
,
&
caro
de
carne
ejus
;
ut
eo
vivificemur
,
&
eaquae
ad
salutem
nostram
necessaria
sunt
,
percipiamus
.
Et
quoniam
fides
innixa
verbo
Dei
res
perceptas
facit
praesentes
;
per
illam
verum
,
&
naturale
corpus
,
&
sanguinem
Jesu
Christi
per
virtutem
Spiritus
Sancti
comedi
,
&
bibi
fatemur
,
eoque
respectu
praesentiam
corporis
,
&
sanguinis
Christi
in
S.
Coenâ
agnoscimus
.
Both
parties
had
agreed
that
not
a
word
of
this
writing
should
be
divulged
till
it
was
communicated
to
the
great
Personages
at
Possie
;
but
contrary
thereto
,
divers
coppies
were
immediately
dispersed
through
the
Court
,
and
were
received
with
much
applause
,
as
if
now
both
parties
were
agreed
in
the
chiefest
point
of
the
controversie
.
And
the
Queen
sending
for
Beza
,
thanked
him
,
and
told
him
that
what
they
had
agreed
on
was
very
gratefull
to
her
.
She
also
with
joy
shewed
it
to
the
Cardinall
of
Lorrain
,
who
when
he
had
read
it
,
said
,
That
he
never
beleeved
otherwise
;
and
that
he
hoped
all
the
rest
of
the
Great
ones
at
Possie
would
readily
embrace
the
same
.
But
it
fell
out
far
otherwise
;
for
when
on
the
fourth
of
October
it
was
exhibited
to
them
,
they
rejected
,
and
damned
it
,
The
form
rejected
by
the
Pontificians
.
reproaching
Espensaeus
for
consenting
to
it
,
and
Lorraine
for
not
opposing
it
.
And
thereupon
presently
drew
up
another
form
,
which
if
Beza
and
his
associates
should
defer
to
subscribe
,
they
declared
that
it
was
a
great
wickedness
to
treat
with
them
any
further
,
and
that
as
incorrigible
,
they
were
to
be
excommunicated
,
and
punished
by
the
King
.
This
was
the
issue
of
that
great
conference
at
Possie
,
The
conference
ends
.
so
famous
all
over
Europe
,
which
yet
answered
not
mens
expectations
:
And
so
every
one
returned
to
his
own
place
:
Onely
the
Queen
stayed
Beza
,
saying
,
Since
you
are
a
Frenchman
,
France
desires
your
help
to
stop
future
troubles
as
much
as
may
be
.
But
Beza
tho
he
foresaw
the
seeds
of
those
factions
which
shortly
after
brake
out
,
and
his
singular
love
to
Geneva
continually
put
him
upon
a
desire
of
return
,
where
also
he
was
earnestly
desired
,
The
Church
increaseth
.
and
much
longed
for
,
yet
was
hee
necessitated
to
stay
there
whether
he
would
or
no.
From
that
day
forward
there
was
a
wonderfull
encrease
of
the
Gospellers
in
France
,
and
Sermons
began
to
be
preached
publickly
every
where
,
yea
in
some
places
they
took
away
Churches
from
the
Papists
,
till
by
the
Kings
command
,
and
their
Ministers
intreaty
,
they
restored
them
again
.
Beza
in
the
mean
time
preached
often
,
sometimes
in
the
Queen
of
Navars
house
,
sometimes
in
the
Prince
of
Condies
,
and
other
sometime
in
the
suburbs
of
Paris
.
And
in
January
following
there
was
an
Edict
procured
,
that
the
Protestants
might
freely
meet
together
for
the
service
of
God
in
the
suburbs
of
all
Cities
.
This
provoked
the
Guisian
Faction
,
who
by
all
means
sought
the
hinderance
of
it
:
But
the
first
thing
they
attempted
,
was
to
draw
the
King
of
Navar
to
their
party
;
which
Beza
suspecting
,
and
finding
him
wavering
,
endeavoured
by
all
means
to
confirme
,
and
keep
him
in
the
true
Religion
,
to
whom
the
King
answered
,
Quod
Pelago
se
non
ità
commissurus
esset
,
Carnal
policy
.
quin
quando
liberet
,
pedem
referre
possit
,
That
he
would
not
launch
so
far
into
the
sea
,
but
that
when
he
pleased
he
might
return
safe
to
the
shore
again
.
The
King
of
Navar
falls
to
the
Papists
.
And
accordingly
he
fell
off
from
the
Protestants
,
and
Beza
went
to
him
no
more
.
Another
Disputation
was
appointed
by
the
Queen
Mother
about
Images
,
the
result
of
which
was
,
that
the
Popish
Doctors
condemned
the
making
of
the
Images
of
the
Trinity
,
or
of
the
Father
,
or
Holy
Ghost
;
and
agreed
that
all
Images
should
be
removed
out
of
the
Churches
but
that
of
the
Cross
;
〈…〉
and
that
no
Images
should
be
worshiped
.
But
presently
after
the
Civil
War
began
to
break
forth
,
which
was
occasioned
by
this
means
.
Whereas
many
Protestants
were
met
together
at
Vassi
to
hear
the
Word
preached
,
the
Duke
of
Guise
with
a
pa●ty
of
souldiers
,
The
Protestants
murdered
set
upon
them
,
●lew
forty
five
of
them
,
and
wounded
many
more
.
Hereof
Beza
made
complaint
,
but
without
any
redress
;
whereupon
both
parties
betake
themselves
to
Arms
,
and
the
Prince
of
Conde
by
his
importunity
prevailed
with
Beza
to
stay
with
him
in
those
dangerous
times
.
Beza's
earnest
longings
to
be
with
his
people
at
Geneva
,
disswaded
him
;
Beza
stayes
in
France
.
but
the
importunate
desires
of
so
godly
a
Prince
prevailed
,
so
that
he
stayed
with
him
all
those
first
Civil
Wars
:
At
which
time
Orleance
was
the
chiefest
place
of
the
Protestants
refuge
;
A
Synod
.
and
for
the
better
regulating
of
Ecclesiastical
Discipline
in
those
troublesome
times
,
a
Synod
was
called
in
that
City
,
A
Plague
.
at
which
Beza
was
present
.
Shortly
after
the
pestilence
waxed
hot
in
Oreleance
,
whereof
many
dyed
,
and
amongst
the
rest
Conrade
Badius
,
a
Pastor
in
Orleance
,
who
from
his
very
childhood
had
been
most
dear
to
Beza
;
yet
did
not
Beza
intermit
his
publick
preaching
,
nor
private
visiting
of
the
sick
.
A
few
moneths
after
fell
out
that
memorable
battel
in
Druiden
fields
where
Beza
was
present
,
The
protetants
beaten
.
and
by
his
prayers
and
exhortations
did
much
encourage
the
souldiers
,
yet
they
lost
the
day
,
and
the
Prince
of
Conde
was
taken
prisoner
,
whom
Beza
by
his
Letters
much
comforted
,
Beza
comforts
he
Prince
.
and
exhorted
the
rest
not
to
give
way
to
despondency
,
but
to
persevere
in
the
defence
of
the
Cause
,
and
to
commit
the
success
of
it
unto
God
.
Not
long
after
peace
ensuing
,
Beza
got
leave
to
goe
back
to
Geneva
,
from
which
he
had
been
absent
22
moneths
,
in
which
time
he
had
gone
through
many
troubles
,
and
dangers
both
of
body
and
mind
.
At
his
return
to
Geneva
he
fell
upon
his
former
employment
in
the
Schools
and
Church
:
His
return
to
Geneva
.
Calvin
undergoing
the
burthen
one
week
,
His
imployments
.
and
he
the
other
,
and
they
continued
in
those
mutual
labours
,
till
Calvins
death
,
and
then
hee
had
Nicolas
Collodonius
for
his
Colleague
,
and
after
him
Lambertus
Danaeus
,
He
relates
the
miseries
of
the
French
Churches
.
and
after
him
Anthony
Faius
.
Presently
after
his
return
,
in
the
first
sermon
that
he
preached
to
the
people
,
hee
●illed
the
mindes
of
the
hearers
with
incredible
sorrow
and
grief
,
by
relating
to
them
the
miserable
condition
of
the
Churches
of
France
,
whereof
himself
had
been
an
eye-witness
,
and
which
therefore
he
painted
out
to
the
life
;
which
he
did
for
this
end
,
to
stir
up
all
to
commiserate
,
and
heartily
to
pray
for
their
brethren
that
suffered
such
great
afflictions
.
Shortly
after
he
wrote
an
answer
to
Sebastian
Castellio
,
He
confutes
Hereticks
and
Lutherans
.
who
had
inveighed
against
his
Translation
of
the
New
Testament
into
Latine
.
He
also
published
an
answer
to
the
railings
of
Francis
Balduinus
,
who
followed
the
steps
of
Ecebolius
,
both
of
them
teaching
that
men
might
change
their
Religion
as
the
state
changed
.
Then
did
he
confute
the
errors
of
Brentius
,
and
James
Andreas
,
who
held
the
Omnipresence
of
the
Body
of
Christ
:
After
this
he
published
an
excellent
Catechism
.
Anno
Christi
1567
,
Civil
wars
in
France
.
the
Civil
Wars
breaking
out
again
in
France
,
he
was
much
affected
with
it
,
and
by
writing
,
admonishing
,
and
exhorting
both
at
home
and
abroad
,
endeavoured
to
assist
with
his
counsell
whom
he
could
not
by
his
presence
.
Also
Anno
Christi
1568
,
that
war
waxing
hot
,
many
out
of
sundry
parts
of
France
fled
to
Geneva
as
to
a
safe
harbour
,
Geneva
a
refuge
to
the
godly
.
amongst
whom
was
Nicolas
Beza
,
Praefect
of
Vezelia
,
brother
to
Beza
by
the
Fathers
side
,
who
living
a
while
in
Beza's
house
,
shortly
after
dyed
of
the
Plague
.
And
not
long
after
Beza's
wife
fell
sick
of
it
,
yet
it
pleased
God
to
restore
her
to
health
again
.
The
same
year
,
in
the
midst
of
many
troubles
,
he
wrote
his
books
of
Polygamie
,
and
Divorces
,
against
Bernard
Ochin
,
who
a
little
before
had
published
his
Dialogues
upon
these
subjects
,
stuffed
with
errors
.
He
wrote
also
against
Flacius
Illiricus
.
Anno
Christi
1571
,
peace
being
setled
,
He
is
sent
for
into
France
.
he
was
sent
for
by
the
Queen
of
Navar
,
the
Admiral
,
and
the
general
vote
of
the
Churches
of
France
to
Rochell
to
a
Synod
,
where
he
was
made
the
Moderator
,
and
at
which
,
the
Confession
of
Faith
of
the
French-Churches
was
confirmed
,
Moderates
in
a
Synod
.
and
subscribed
by
the
Queen
of
Navar
,
her
sonne
[
afterwards
King
Henry
the
4th
.
]
and
the
Prince
of
Conde
.
And
the
year
after
he
was
sent
for
to
Namures
to
another
Synod
,
1572.
where
the
book
of
the
French
Church-Discipline
was
established
.
Anno
Christi
1572
,
The
Massacre
at
Paris
.
after
that
bloody
Massacre
at
Paris
,
many
of
the
godly
that
escaped
fled
to
Geneva
,
amongst
whom
were
the
Pastors
of
fiftie
Churches
that
were
wholly
dispersed
.
These
being
stript
of
all
,
and
in
great
want
,
Beza
,
by
his
Letters
into
Germany
and
England
,
He
provides
for
the
afflicted
.
procured
such
reliefe
for
them
,
that
for
three
years
space
in
which
they
lived
there
,
they
were
plentifully
and
comfortably
provided
for
.
In
that
Massacre
God
was
pleased
wonderfully
to
preserve
Hen.
Charity
.
of
Burbon
,
son
to
the
great
Lodwick
Prince
of
Conde
,
who
thereupon
retired
into
Germany
for
shelter
,
and
staying
a
while
at
Strasborough
,
he
sent
for
Beza
,
and
employed
him
to
Prince
Cassimire
,
His
great
imployments
.
the
Administrator
of
the
Palatinate
.
And
afterwards
as
this
Prince
returned
into
France
,
hee
went
by
Geneva
,
where
he
conferred
with
Beza
about
many
weighty
matters
.
Beza
went
on
indefatigably
in
his
publick
employments
,
revised
his
Translation
and
Annotations
upon
the
New
Testament
,
and
enlarged
them
;
wrote
against
Pappus
about
the
Hypostaticall
Union
;
against
the
railings
of
Holderus
;
against
the
calumnies
of
Andreas
:
Made
his
Harmony
of
the
Law
out
the
Books
of
Moses
.
He
wrote
also
of
the
Notes
,
and
Authority
of
the
Catholick
Church
,
&c.
Shortly
after
the
Plague
breaking
forth
in
Geneva
,
A
Plague
.
Beza
was
much
afflicted
for
the
sad
condition
of
the
Common-wealth
,
Friendship
amongst
the
Pastors
.
yet
he
cheared
up
himself
much
with
the
hearty
and
sincere
love
,
and
societie
which
he
had
with
all
the
Pastors
thereof
,
whose
unity
▪
and
unanimity
was
a
great
means
under
God
to
preserve
the
happiness
of
Geneva
.
About
the
same
time
five
Anabaptists
[
Mechanicks
]
began
privately
to
sow
the
seed
of
their
errors
in
Geneva
,
whereupon
Beza
,
John
Pinaldus
,
Charles
Perrot
,
and
Anthony
Faius
,
Anabaptists
converted
.
were
chosen
to
confer
with
them
,
and
after
confutation
of
their
errors
,
they
recanted
,
and
reformed
;
onely
●ne
of
them
left
the
City
,
and
was
heard
of
no
more
.
Anno
Christi
1586
there
was
a
Disputation
appointed
at
Mombelgard
between
the
German
and
Helvetian
Divines
about
the
difference
betwixt
them
in
some
points
,
A
Disputation
.
unto
which
Beza
was
sent
for
,
No
good
comes
of
it
.
and
the
whole
Dispute
was
betwixt
Dr.
Andreas
and
him
;
but
in
conclusion
nothing
was
effected
by
it
;
yet
they
parted
lovingly
without
bitternesse
.
This
was
after
published
by
Beza
.
The
year
after
his
wife
dyed
,
His
Wife
dyes
.
with
whom
hee
had
lived
with
much
comfort
forty
years
,
which
was
a
great
griefe
to
him
;
His
second
marriage
.
yet
afterwards
by
the
advice
of
his
friends
he
married
another
,
one
Katharine
Plania
,
a
godly
Matron
,
who
was
a
great
comfort
to
him
all
his
life
after
.
About
the
same
time
he
was
called
to
a
Synod
held
at
Bern
,
His
great
labours
.
wherein
divers
controversies
were
debated
,
and
the
errors
of
Alberius
,
who
said
,
That
we
are
justified
at
Gods
Tribunal
by
inherent
righteousness
;
also
of
Huberus
,
about
Predestination
,
and
eternall
Election
,
were
condemned
.
Shortly
after
he
wrote
about
the
Sacraments
against
Hoffman
;
Published
in
French
his
Sermons
about
the
Passion
of
Christ
;
also
on
the
Canticles
,
which
he
turned
into
Lyrick
verse
;
answered
Genebrards
calumnies
,
and
revised
his
translation
of
the
New
Testament
.
Anno
Christi
1589
,
France
being
full
of
b●oils
,
Geneva
also
was
molested
by
the
same
;
Prayer
in
danger
.
whereupon
publick
prayers
were
appointed
twice
a
week
extraordinary
,
which
burthen
Beza
willingly
took
upon
himself
;
whereupon
the
other
Pastors
freed
him
from
his
daily
Sermon●
which
he
used
to
preach
before
;
only
he
preached
once
on
Sabbath
mornings
betwixt
eight
and
nine
a
clock
.
Not
long
after
he
began
to
be
troubled
with
a
dissiness
in
his
head
,
insomuch
as
being
to
preach
on
Whitsonday
Anno
Christi
1597
before
the
Sacrament
,
His
weaknesse
.
as
soon
as
he
had
made
Confession
of
Sins
after
their
usuall
manner
,
he
was
fain
to
give
over
,
and
come
out
of
the
Pulpit
,
whose
place
Faius
presently
supplyed
.
The
like
happened
to
him
the
week
following
also
,
whereupon
he
gave
over
publick
preaching
,
only
now
,
His
diligence
.
and
then
praying
publickly
,
yet
would
he
not
bee
idle
,
but
went
on
teaching
daily
in
the
Schooles
;
yet
at
last
because
of
his
dulness
of
hearing
,
he
abstained
from
the
publick
Disputations
,
and
Consistorial
meetings
.
And
to
satisfie
some
Noblemen
,
Germans
,
Bohemians
,
and
Polonians
,
who
would
needs
hear
him
read
some
Lectures
;
he
began
a
briefe
Analysis
upon
the
Epistle
to
the
Romans
,
but
after
he
had
done
it
twice
,
he
was
fain
to
leave
off
.
Yet
did
he
not
wholly
desist
from
preaching
till
the
year
1600
,
when
he
preached
his
last
Sermon
in
January
,
His
last
sermon
being
eighty
one
years
old
,
upon
the
third
Petition
of
the
Lords
Prayer
,
Thy
will
be
done
in
earth
as
it
is
in
heaven
He
had
often
in
his
mouth
that
saying
of
Vespafian
,
Imperatorem
decet
stantem
mort
.
Not
long
after
being
present
at
a
Consistory
,
He
invites
his
Colleagues
.
he
invited
all
his
brethren
to
supper
,
but
they
at
first
refused
,
because
there
was
to
be
a
publick
Fast
that
week
,
and
the
Magistrates
had
forbidden
all
Feasting
;
but
he
told
them
,
that
he
would
get
leave
of
the
Magistrates
,
and
that
he
intended
not
a
Feast
,
but
a
frugal
supper
,
rather
to
feast
their
minds
with
their
mutual
love
and
society
,
then
their
bodies
with
dainties
:
Friendship
amongst
brethren
.
Then
they
all
assented
,
and
were
entertained
by
him
with
all
the
expressions
of
brotherly
love
that
could
be
.
Many
Noblemen
and
others
that
came
from
other
countries
to
study
at
Geneva
,
would
alwaies
desire
to
sojourne
with
him
,
that
they
might
enjoy
his
societie
.
That
year
there
was
a
rumor
spread
abroad
all
over
Europe
by
the
Jesuits
,
Popish
lyes
that
Beza
was
dead
,
and
that
he
turned
Papist
before
his
death
;
Confuted
.
which
lye
the
Pastors
of
Geneva
,
and
himself
also
by
publick
writings
confuted
:
And
discoursing
with
his
friends
of
it
he
said
,
That
the
Jesuits
,
and
hee
had
both
one
desire
,
but
not
for
the
same
end
:
The
Jesuits
(
said
he
)
wish
my
end
but
for
an
evill
end
:
I
wish
for
it
also
,
Death
desired
.
but
that
by
death
I
may
passe
to
eternall
life
,
purchased
for
me
by
the
merits
of
Christ
.
Anno
1599
the
King
of
France
and
the
King
of
Navar
lying
in
siege
before
the
Castle
of
Saint
Katharines
in
Savoy
near
to
Geneva
,
Beza
went
to
visit
them
,
He
visits
the
Kings
.
and
was
entertain'd
with
abundance
of
courtesie
by
them
,
and
being
asked
by
the
King
of
France
if
he
had
any
request
to
make
to
him
,
he
answered
,
That
he
had
nothing
,
but
to
commend
his
sacred
Majesty
to
the
blessing
of
the
great
God
,
and
to
pray
that
his
Majesty
might
govern
his
people
in
peace
.
His
request
for
the
Church
at
Lions
.
Only
he
requested
,
that
seeing
the
Church
at
Lions
had
not
yet
enjoyed
the
benefit
of
his
Majesties
Edict
,
that
he
would
be
pleased
to
think
of
them
,
which
the
King
promised
,
and
upon
their
petition
,
granted
their
desire
.
About
the
time
of
his
return
,
he
began
to
be
much
troubled
with
want
of
sleep
,
but
lying
awake
in
the
nights
,
hee
deceived
the
time
with
holy
meditations
.
And
speaking
to
his
friends
of
it
,
His
meditations
.
he
used
that
speech
Psal.
16.
v.
7
,
8.
My
reins
also
instruct
me
in
the
night
season
.
I
have
set
the
Lord
alwa●es
before
me
,
in
whose
favour
is
life
.
And
that
of
Psal.
63
My
soul
is
filled
as
with
marrow
and
fatnesse
,
when
I
remember
thee
upon
my
bed
,
and
meditate
on
thee
in
the
night
watches
.
Many
came
out
of
the
Kings
Camp
to
Geneva
to
see
the
City
which
was
now
so
famous
,
He
is
visited
by
many
.
but
especially
to
see
Beza
;
all
whom
he
courteously
entertained
with
holy
and
savoury
discourses
,
and
so
dismissed
them
well
pleased
.
Anno
Christi
1602
Maurice
the
Lantgrave
of
Hesse
came
to
Geneva
to
see
him
,
but
disguised
,
for
which
Beza
was
very
sorry
after
that
he
had
not
known
him
.
Preparation
for
death
.
Finding
himself
to
draw
near
to
his
end
,
he
revised
his
Will
,
and
so
easing
his
mind
of
all
worldly
thoughts
,
he
wholly
betook
himself
to
exspect
the
time
of
his
departure
,
which
he
much
longed
for
.
He
often
used
that
saying
of
the
Apostle
,
Ephes.
2
10.
We
are
his
workmanship
,
created
in
Christ
Jesus
to
good
works
.
And
that
of
St.
Augustine
,
Diu
vixi
,
diu
peccavi
,
fit
nomen
Domini
benedictum
:
I
have
lived
long
,
I
have
sinned
long
,
Blessed
be
the
name
of
the
Lord
.
And
that
also
,
Domine
,
quod
coepisti
,
perfice
,
nè
in
portu
naufragium
accidat
,
Lord
perfect
that
which
thou
hast
begun
,
that
I
suffer
not
shipwrack
in
the
haven
;
and
that
of
Bernard
,
Domine
,
sequemur
te
,
per
te
,
ad
te
:
te
,
quia
veritas
;
per
te
,
quia
via
;
ad
te
,
quia
vita
:
Lord
,
we
follow
thee
,
by
thee
,
to
thee
:
Thee
,
because
thou
art
the
truth
:
By
thee
,
because
thou
art
the
way
:
To
thee
,
because
thou
art
the
life
.
Anno
1605
there
came
some
noble
,
and
learned
men
from
Borussia
to
see
him
,
with
whose
society
he
was
much
pleased
.
But
diseases
encreasing
upon
him
,
the
Pastors
of
Geneva
agreed
amongst
themselves
,
His
sicknesse
.
that
every
day
two
of
them
should
visit
him
by
turns
,
and
sometimes
all
of
them
came
together
,
and
pr●ied
most
fervently
with
him
.
Octob.
13
,
being
the
Sabbath-day
,
he
rose
in
the
morning
,
and
prayed
with
his
family
,
and
then
desiring
to
goe
to
bed
again
,
he
sate
him
down
on
the
side
of
his
bed
,
and
asked
if
all
things
were
quiet
in
the
City
:
they
answered
him
yea
;
but
perceiving
that
he
was
near
to
his
end
,
they
ranne
for
a
Minister
,
who
immediately
coming
,
whilst
he
was
praying
with
him
,
without
the
least
pain
or
groaning
,
he
quietly
yeelded
up
his
spirit
unto
God
,
Anno
Christi
1605
,
and
of
his
Age
86
,
His
death
.
and
of
his
Ministry
46.
James
Lectius
made
this
Epigram
of
him
.
Vezelii
genuêre
,
piae
tenuêre
Gebennae
;
Astratenent
:
vixi
non
mihi
,
sed
populis
.
Aliud
.
Si
qua
fides
famae
,
proles
mihi
defuit
omnis
:
At
varia
,
&
vera
prole
beatus
ego
.
Me
Populi
,
&
Mystae
,
&
Reges
dixere
parentem
:
Multa
virûm
genui
millia
,
Christe
,
tibi
Quin
Populi
,
&
Mystae
,
Reges
nascentur
&
ex
me
Christe
tibi
,
&
toto
dum
legar
orbe
frequens
.
He
was
a
thick
set
man
,
and
of
a
strong
Constitution
,
insomuch
that
he
used
to
say
,
His
Character
.
that
he
never
knew
what
it
was
to
have
his
head
ake
:
He
was
of
an
excellent
wit
,
an
accurate
judgement
,
a
firm
memory
,
very
eloquent
,
affable
,
and
courteous
;
so
that
he
was
called
the
Phoenix
of
his
time
.
In
his
Testament
he
gave
thanks
Thanksgiving
for
five
things
.
1.
That
God
at
sixteen
years
old
had
called
him
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Truth
,
though
for
a
while
he
walked
not
answerable
to
it
,
till
the
Lord
in
mercy
brought
him
home
,
and
carried
him
to
Geneva
,
where
under
that
great
Calvin
he
learned
Christ
more
fully
.
2.
That
being
infected
with
the
Plague
at
Lausanna
,
and
aspersed
with
grievous
calumnies
,
the
Lord
had
delivered
him
from
them
both
.
3.
That
coming
back
to
Geneva
,
he
was
there
chosen
Pastor
,
when
as
he
deserved
not
to
have
been
one
of
the
sheep
.
4.
That
not
long
after
he
was
made
Colleague
to
that
excellent
man
John
Calvin
in
reading
Divinity
.
5.
That
being
called
into
France
in
the
first
Civill
War
,
and
tossed
there
up
and
down
for
twenty
two
moneths
,
God
had
preserved
him
from
six
hundred
dangers
,
&c.
A
Papist
objecting
to
him
his
youthly
Poems
;
This
man
(
saith
he
)
vexeth
himself
because
Christ
hath
vouchsafed
to
me
his
grace
.
Though
there
was
so
great
worth
in
this
man
,
His
small
means
.
and
his
labours
were
extraordinary
;
yet
he
had
but
1500
Florens
per
an
.
for
his
stipend
,
which
amount
but
to
seven
or
eight
and
fifty
pounds
sterling
by
the
year
,
besides
20
Coups
of
corn
,
and
his
house
.
His
Works
were
these
.
His
works
.
N.
Testamenti
nova
versio
,
cum
Annotationibus
.
Confessio
Christianae
fidei
.
De
Haereticis
à
civili
Magistratu
puniendis
.
Summa
totius
Christianismi
.
De
Coena
Domini
.
De
Hypostatica
duarum
in
Christo
naturarum
unione
.
De
unitate
essentiae
Divina
,
&
tribus
subsistentibus
personis
.
Tractatio
de
Polygamia
,
&
Divortio
.
Epistolae
Theologicae
.
With
many
others
set
down
particularly
by
Verheiden
;
and
mentioned
in
this
narrative
of
his
life
.
D.
RAINOLDS
The
Life
of
John
Rainolds
,
who
dyed
A
no
Christi
1607.
JOhn
Rainolds
was
born
in
Devonshire
,
His
birth
and
education
.
Anno
Christi
1549
,
and
brought
up
in
Corpus
Christi
Colledge
in
Oxford
,
and
for
his
excellent
learning
was
chosen
a
Fellow
of
that
House
,
and
afterwards
Commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
.
Hee
had
divers
brothers
that
were
all
Papists
,
which
procured
him
much
sorrow
,
His
brothers
are
Papists
.
especially
his
elder
brother
[
William
Rainolds
]
who
wrote
seditious
and
pestilent
books
against
that
renowned
Queen
Elizabeth
,
and
her
flourishing
Kingdome
:
He
was
so
eminent
for
piety
,
His
excellent
parts
.
and
for
his
knowledge
in
the
more
mysterious
parts
of
Divinity
,
that
one
saith
of
him
,
that
he
was
,
Acad
miae
lumen
:
Europae
decus
:
Divinae
gloriae
buccinator
:
sanctitatis
eximium
exemplar
,
&
diligentissimus
in
Pontificios
scriptor
:
The
Light
of
the
University
:
the
Glory
of
Europe
▪
the
Trumpeter
of
Gods
glory
:
an
admirable
example
of
holyness
,
and
a
diligent
writer
against
the
Papists
.
Indeed
what
he
wrote
against
them
is
altogether
unanswerable
.
He
was
withall
so
humble
,
that
he
would
never
accept
of
any
great
preferment
in
the
Church
,
His
humility
.
only
(
being
much
importuned
)
he
took
the
Deanry
of
Lincoln
,
which
he
quickly
grew
weary
of
,
and
therefore
passed
it
away
to
another
.
He
was
chosen
President
of
Corpus
Christi
Co●ledge
,
His
preferments
.
and
made
the
Professor
of
Divinity
,
which
places
he
discharged
with
admirable
learning
,
and
sedulity
to
the
end
of
his
life
.
Gods
great
providence
in
watching
over
him
doth
excellently
appear
by
this
example
.
Being
at
London
An.
Christi
1602
,
Gods
providence
.
he
desired
to
refresh
himself
by
walking
abroad
into
the
open
air
,
and
for
that
end
,
went
into
Finsbury
fields
,
where
many
Archers
were
shooting
with
their
long
bows
,
and
it
so
fell
out
that
one
of
their
arrows
met
him
,
and
stroke
him
upon
the
very
breast
,
which
in
all
probability
would
have
pierced
through
his
body
;
but
behold
the
admirable
providence
of
God
▪
the
arrow
piercing
the
outside
,
stopped
against
the
quilted
lining
,
and
so
leaped
back
without
doing
him
the
least
hurt
.
His
death
.
But
the
ingratefull
world
being
unworthy
of
such
a
star
,
it
pleased
God
that
he
fell
sick
,
and
was
taken
away
by
an
immature
death
Anno
Christi
1607
,
and
of
his
Age
58.
When
the
Heads
of
the
Houses
in
Oxford
came
to
visit
him
in
his
last
sickness
,
which
he
had
contracted
meerly
by
his
exceeding
great
pains
in
his
study
(
whereby
hee
brought
his
body
to
be
a
very
Sceleton
)
they
earnestly
perswaded
him
●hat
he
would
not
perdere
substantiam
propter
accidentia
,
lose
his
life
for
learning
:
He
with
a
smile
answered
them
with
this
verse
of
the
Poet
,
Nec
propter
vitam
vivendi
perdere
causas
.
JOS:
SCALIGER
The
Life
of
Joseph
Scaliger
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1609.
JOseph
Scaliger
the
son
of
Julius
Caesar
Scaliger
was
born
at
Aginum
Anno
Christi
1540
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
at
nine
years
old
was
sent
by
his
father
to
School
at
Burdeaux
;
but
after
three
years
stay
there
,
the
Plague
breaking
forth
,
he
returned
to
his
Father
again
,
who
set
him
every
day
to
make
an
Oration
,
whereby
hee
attained
to
such
an
exactness
in
the
Latine
tongue
,
that
not
long
after
he
composed
that
excellent
Tragedy
of
Oedipus
,
which
caused
his
friends
to
admire
such
ripeness
of
wit
in
such
tender
years
.
At
nineteen
years
old
(
his
father
being
dead
)
he
went
to
Paris
to
learn
the
Greeke
tongue
;
He
goes
to
Paris
.
where
for
two
moneths
space
,
he
applyed
himselfe
to
the
Lectures
of
that
learned
man
Adrian
Turneby
,
but
wanting
other
helps
,
he
lost
most
of
that
time
;
which
caused
him
to
shut
himself
up
in
his
study
,
and
there
by
extraordinary
diligence
,
His
Industry
.
joyned
with
his
naturall
aptness
,
hee
began
to
suck
in
the
first
rudiments
of
the
Greek
tongue
;
and
before
he
had
well
learned
all
the
conjugations
,
he
gat
him
an
Homer
,
and
in
one
and
twenty
dayes
he
learned
it
all
over
;
framed
for
himself
a
Greek
Grammar
,
and
never
used
the
help
of
any
other
.
He
learned
the
other
Greek
Poets
in
four
moneths
more
.
Having
thus
bestowed
two
years
in
the
study
of
the
Greek
,
He
studies
Hebrew
.
he
grew
very
desirous
to
adde
the
knowledge
of
the
Hebrew
to
it
;
and
though
he
knew
not
one
letter
of
it
,
yet
he
attained
to
the
knowledge
of
it
without
any
other
help
:
He
wrote
much
in
verse
in
both
those
languages
,
but
to
avoid
the
repute
of
ambition
,
His
humility
.
would
not
suffer
them
to
be
printed
.
Hee
read
over
many
Hebrew
and
Greek
Authors
,
and
spent
much
time
in
interpreting
them
,
and
clearing
of
them
from
errors
.
Anno
Christi
1563
he
began
to
travel
into
divers
countries
,
His
travels
:
and
made
little
stay
any
where
till
he
was
called
to
the
University
of
Leiden
Anno
Christi
1593
to
be
Professor
there
,
He
is
made
Professor
at
Leiden
.
in
which
place
he
spent
sixteen
years
,
making
the
place
famous
both
by
his
Lectures
and
Writings
,
and
at
last
dyed
of
a
Dropsie
Anno
Christi
1609
,
His
Death
.
and
of
his
age
sixty
nine
.
The
aforementioned
Turneby
,
who
was
an
excellently
learned
man
himself
,
called
this
Scaliger
,
Portentosi
ingenii
juvenem
;
A
young
man
of
a
stupendious
wit
.
The
Life
of
Amandus
Polanus
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1610.
AMandus
Polanus
was
born
at
Oppavia
in
Silesia
▪
of
honest
parents
,
His
birth
and
education
.
An.
Chr.
1561.
In
his
childhood
he
was
brought
up
by
the
care
of
his
parents
in
the
Free-school
belonging
to
that
place
,
where
he
learned
the
grounds
of
the
Liberal
Arts
:
And
from
thence
,
Anno
Christi
1577
,
he
was
sent
to
Uratislavia
,
where
he
spent
six
years
,
and
where
his
ingenuity
,
and
excellent
wit
quickly
discovered
themselves
,
to
the
great
satisfaction
of
his
Masters
:
and
then
for
his
farther
instruction
,
he
went
to
Tubing
,
He
goes
to
Tubing
.
and
reaped
much
benefit
by
the
Lectures
of
Theod.
Snepsius
:
But
afterwards
in
a
publick
Disputation
,
wherein
Doctor
Andreas
was
Moderator
,
being
invited
to
confer
about
Election
,
he
constantly
adhered
to
that
of
the
Apostle
Rom.
9.
11.
The
children
being
not
yet
born
,
neither
having
done
any
good
,
or
evil
,
that
the
purpose
of
God
according
to
Election
might
stand
,
not
of
works
,
but
of
him
that
calleth
,
&c.
And
afterwards
being
conferred
with
in
private
about
it
,
adhering
to
his
former
opinion
,
many
began
to
bee
angry
,
and
to
withdraw
themselves
from
him
:
Whereupon
by
the
advice
of
a
Doctor
of
Physick
,
his
special
friend
,
he
left
Tubing
,
He
goes
to
Basil.
and
went
to
Basil
,
carrying
Letters
of
commendation
from
that
Doctor
to
James
Grynaeus
,
An.
Chr.
1583
:
where
,
being
admitted
into
the
University
,
he
wholly
applyed
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
.
And
after
a
while
he
visited
Geneva
,
and
Heidleberg
;
and
in
Moravia
,
and
some
other
places
he
was
Tutor
to
divers
young
Noblemen
,
especially
to
one
Zerotinius
.
Anno
Christi
1590
,
He
commenceth
Doctor
in
Divinity
.
at
the
importunity
of
some
Noblemen
,
he
commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
at
Basil
,
and
six
years
after
he
was
made
Professor
for
interpreting
the
Old
Testament
in
that
University
,
Is
made
Professor
.
which
place
he
faithfully
discharged
for
fourteen
years
space
,
expounding
Daniel
,
Ezekiel
,
and
a
good
part
of
the
Psalms
,
besides
his
extraordinary
Lectures
which
he
read
every
Thursday
and
Saturday
,
and
his
publick
Disputations
,
and
other
exercises
.
Thus
Polanus
was
an
excellent
ornament
to
the
University
of
Basil
,
adding
a
great
lustre
to
it
by
his
wit
and
writings
.
Afterwards
falling
sick
of
a
Feaver
,
he
wholly
resigned
up
himself
to
the
will
of
God
,
comforted
himself
with
divers
pregnant
texts
of
Scriptures
,
His
death
.
and
so
departed
quietly
in
the
Lord
Anno
1610
,
and
of
his
age
49.
There
met
in
this
man
true
piety
and
solid
learning
.
He
had
both
a
good
wit
and
sound
judgement
:
Was
well
skilled
both
in
the
Tongues
,
and
Ecclesiastical
Antiquities
.
In
his
office
he
was
very
diligens
.
He
twice
bore
the
chiefest
office
in
the
University
of
Basil
,
and
that
to
his
own
credit
,
and
the
profit
of
the
Schooles
.
He
kept
correspondence
with
the
chiefest
Divines
of
those
times
,
who
were
his
special
friends
,
as
Beza
,
Dan.
Tossanus
,
George
Sohnius
,
Will
Stuckius
,
Pareus
,
Pitiscus
,
&c.
He
had
two
Wives
,
the
first
was
Mary
,
the
daughter
of
James
Grynaeus
,
who
dyed
in
childbed
;
the
other
was
Salome
Wasser●unia
,
who
died
the
same
year
with
himself
.
Scripsit
Commentarium
in
Danielem
contra
Bellarminum
.
His
works
.
Analysin
Hosea
,
cum
Orationibus
Historicis
,
&
Dialecticis
.
De
morte
Christi
,
pro
quibus
eam
subierit
.
De
quatuor
Manarchiis
●pud
Danielem
.
Analysin
Malachiae
.
Partitiones
Theologicas
.
Syntagma
Theologiae
,
&c.
The
Life
of
Thomas
Holland
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1612.
THomas
Holland
was
born
in
Shropshire
Anno
Christi
1539
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
brought
up
in
Exceter
Colledge
in
Oxford
,
where
he
took
his
degrees
with
much
applause
.
Afterwards
he
Commenced
Dr.
in
Divinity
,
was
chosen
Master
of
the
Colledge
,
and
for
his
excellent
learning
was
preferred
to
be
the
Regius
Professor
,
or
Doctor
of
the
Chair
,
wherein
he
succeeded
Dr.
Humphred
,
His
preferments
.
and
so
deported
himself
in
the
same
,
that
he
gat
the
approbation
,
and
admiration
both
of
that
of
Oxford
,
and
of
Forreign
Unive●sities
also
.
He
was
like
Apollos
,
a
man
mighty
in
the
Scriptures
,
and
as
one
saith
of
him
,
His
great
learn●ng
.
Adeò
cum
Patribus
familiaris
,
ac
si
ipse
▪
Pater
,
&
cum
Scholasticis
,
ac
si
Seraphicus
Doctor
:
i.
e.
He
was
so
familiarly
acquainted
with
the
Fathers
,
as
if
himself
had
been
one
of
them
;
and
so
vers'd
in
the
Schoolmen
,
as
if
hee
were
the
Seraphick
Doctor
.
He
was
also
a
faithfull
Preacher
of
the
Truth
,
and
one
that
adorned
it
by
his
holy
life
and
conversation
;
His
zeal
.
a
zealous
defender
of
the
true
Religion
,
and
a
great
hater
of
superstition
and
Idolatry
:
Insomuch
that
when
he
went
any
journey
,
calling
the
Fellows
of
the
Colledge
together
,
he
used
to
say
to
them
,
Commendo
vos
dilectioni
Dei
,
&
●dio
Papatûs
,
&
superstitionis
:
I
commend
you
to
the
love
of
God
,
and
to
the
hatred
of
Popery
,
and
superstition
.
He
continued
Doctor
of
the
Chair
twenty
years
,
and
was
every
way
as
famous
for
his
Religion
,
and
holyness
of
life
,
as
he
was
for
his
learning
.
When
in
his
old
age
he
grow
weak
,
Preparation
for
death
.
and
sickly
,
he
spent
all
his
time
in
fervent
prayers
,
and
heavenly
meditations
,
and
when
his
end
approached
,
he
often
sighed
out
,
Come
,
O
Come
Lord
Jesus
,
thou
morning
star
:
Come
Lord
Jesus
,
I
desire
to
be
dissolved
,
and
to
be
with
thee
:
and
so
he
quietly
departed
in
the
Lord
Anno
Christi
1612
,
His
death
.
and
of
his
age
73.
I.
DRVSIVS
The
Life
of
John
Drusius
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1616.
JOhn
Drusius
was
born
at
Aldenard
Anno
Christi
1550
,
His
birth
and
Education
.
and
first
brought
up
to
School
in
the
●ity
of
Gaunt
,
and
from
thence
went
to
the
University
of
Lovain
:
But
whilst
hee
was
following
his
study
hard
there
,
his
Father
was
proscribed
for
Religion
,
and
thereby
deprived
of
all
his
estate
,
which
caused
him
to
fly
into
England
,
taking
this
his
son
along
with
him
:
He
goes
into
England
.
When
he
came
to
London
he
met
with
Cevalerius
,
lately
come
thither
,
that
was
exceeding
skilfull
in
the
Hebrew
:
His
Lectures
therefore
he
attended
upon
both
in
publick
and
private
;
and
when
Cevalerius
was
sent
to
Cambridge
to
be
the
Professor
there
,
He
studies
Hebrew
&
Greek
.
Drusius
went
along
with
him
,
applying
himself
especially
to
the
study
of
Greek
.
Afterwards
when
Cevalerius
was
called
back
into
France
,
Drusius
still
accompanyed
him
,
He
goes
into
F●ance
.
and
fell
hard
to
the
study
of
the
Hebrew
:
He
also
privately
read
the
same
to
two
young
English
Gent●emen
.
After
a
while
he
returned
to
London
again
,
and
when
hee
was
purposed
to
goe
back
into
France
,
he
h●ard
of
that
bloody
Massacre
at
Paris
,
which
made
him
alter
his
minde
:
and
having
preferment
profered
to
him
,
either
in
Oxford
,
or
Cambridge
,
He
is
Professor
in
Oxford
.
he
chose
Oxford
,
where
,
for
the
space
of
four
yeares
,
he
read
Hebrew
,
Chalde
,
and
Syriack
with
great
commendation
.
After
which
time
he
went
back
to
Lovain
;
but
not
long
enjoying
peace
there
,
he
returned
to
London
again
;
where
he
continued
till
the
peace
was
concluded
at
Gaunt
,
and
then
went
over
into
Flanders
,
and
from
thence
into
Zeland
,
where
the
States
of
Holland
chose
him
to
be
the
Professor
in
Hebrew
,
Chalde
,
and
Syriack
in
the
University
of
Leiden
,
He
is
Professor
in
Leiden
.
Anno
Christi
1577.
During
his
abode
there
he
married
a
Wife
,
and
the
States
of
Frisland
having
newly
erected
a
University
at
Franequer
,
they
called
him
thither
:
In
which
place
he
continued
taking
great
paines
for
the
space
of
thirty
one
yeares
;
His
marriage
.
and
at
length
resigned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
,
His
death
.
Anno
Christi
1616
,
and
of
his
age
sixty
and
six
.
The
Life
of
John
James
Grynaeus
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1617.
JOhn
James
Grynaeus
was
born
at
Berne
in
Helvetia
Anno
Christi
1540.
His
Birth
,
Parentage
and
Education
.
His
Father
was
first
a
Professor
in
Basil
,
and
afterwards
removed
to
a
Pastoral
charge
at
Raetela
,
who
died
of
the
Plague
Anno
Christi
1564.
His
mother
was
Adelheida
Stuberina
,
both
of
them
godly
persons
.
His
father
took
the
care
of
his
first
learning
,
educating
him
under
his
own
wings
;
and
afterwards
Anno
Christi
1547
,
hee
was
sent
to
School
to
Basil
under
Thomas
Plater
,
an
excellent
Schoolmaster
,
with
whom
he
profited
so
much
,
that
Anno
Christi
1551
,
upon
examination
he
was
admitted
into
the
University
under
Boniface
Amerbachius
,
&
the
very
next
year
the
Plague
being
hot
in
Basil
,
Gods
Providence
.
he
fell
sick
of
the
plague
,
but
it
pleased
God
to
restore
him
again
,
and
he
followed
his
study
hard
.
He
heard
his
own
Father
reading
Greek
and
Latine
,
Huld.
Coccius
reading
Logick
,
and
John
Nisaeus
reading
Poetry
and
Rhetorick
.
Anno
Christi
1556
,
his
Father
was
called
to
a
Pastoral
charge
at
Raetela
,
but
our
James
stayed
still
at
Basil
,
joyning
the
study
of
Divinity
with
that
of
Philosophy
.
One
of
the
Professors
of
Divinity
at
that
time
was
Simon
Sulcerus
,
who
being
an
Ubiquitarian
misled
our
Grynaeus
into
the
same
error
,
as
himself
confesseth
;
adding
that
he
continued
in
it
for
ten
years
,
and
misled
others
likewise
,
till
at
length
,
through
Gods
mercy
,
he
was
brought
into
the
way
of
truth
.
Anno
Christi
1559
he
began
to
preach
,
He
is
ordained
Deacon
.
and
was
ordained
Deacon
by
Sulcerus
,
who
was
the
Superintendent
of
those
Churches
;
which
office
he
supplyed
till
the
year
1563
,
at
which
time
by
the
advice
of
his
father
and
friends
he
went
to
Tubing
for
the
further
improvement
of
his
learning
,
though
himself
had
rather
have
gone
to
Wittenberg
,
where
Charlet
Marquess
of
Baden
having
heard
him
preach
,
and
being
taken
with
him
,
had
profered
him
an
exhibition
of
an
hundred
Florens
per
annum
.
When
he
came
to
Tubing
he
delivered
his
Letters
of
commendation
to
Doctor
Andreas
,
His
remove
to
Tubing
.
and
so
was
admitted
into
that
University
,
where
he
heard
Andreas
,
Heerbrand
,
Snepfius
,
and
Brentius
for
Divinity
,
Samuel
Hailand
for
Philosophy
,
and
others
for
the
other
Arts
;
and
it
pleased
God
that
he
met
with
William
Stuckius
of
Zurich
,
whom
he
had
formerly
known
,
and
who
now
became
a
partner
in
his
studies
,
and
remained
his
intimate
friend
ever
after
.
Anno
Christi
1564
,
when
by
the
advice
of
their
friends
these
two
persons
were
minded
to
leave
Tubing
,
Doctor
Andreas
stayed
them
,
and
put
them
upon
a
Disputation
upon
certain
Theses
about
the
Ubiquity
,
&
Eucharist
,
endeavouring
to
draw
Grynaeus
to
his
own
opinion
;
but
in
the
disputation
Grynaeus
was
so
b●ffled
by
Stuckius
,
that
he
was
almost
non-plust
,
and
was
driven
to
doubt
of
that
opinion
.
He
doubts
of
the
Ubiquity
.
Having
in
this
disputation
given
reasonable
satisfaction
to
the
Divines
of
Tubing
,
he
was
put
upon
reading
Lectures
upon
Daniel
,
and
so
a
while
after
was
made
Doctor
in
Divinity
.
Anno
Christi
1565
his
Father
dyed
of
the
Plague
,
He
is
chosen
Pastor
of
Raetela
.
and
he
was
chosen
by
Charles
Marquess
of
Baden
to
succeed
in
the
Pastoral
charge
at
Raetela
,
where
besides
his
ordinary
labours
he
read
privately
to
the
Deacons
twice
a
week
,
and
God
blessed
his
labours
exceedingly
.
Anno
Christi
1569
he
married
a
wife
,
His
marriage
.
with
whom
he
lived
contentedly
40
years
,
and
had
by
her
seven
children
.
About
that
time
the
form
of
Concord
being
much
pressed
,
he
fel
hard
to
the
study
of
the
Scriptures
,
and
of
antient
and
modern
Divines
,
whereby
it
pleased
God
that
light
began
to
appear
to
him
,
for
hitherto
he
had
been
a
Lutheran
:
And
modestly
declaring
his
judgement
about
the
Ubiquity
of
Christs
body
,
He
denies
the
Ubiquity
.
he
began
to
be
hated
of
many
.
Yet
during
his
abode
there
at
the
request
of
the
Printers
he
corrected
for
the
Press
,
Eusebius
,
Origen
,
Irenaeus
,
Erasmus
his
Adagies
,
and
other
books
.
Anno
Christi
1575
he
was
sent
for
to
Basil
to
be
a
Professor
in
interpreting
the
Old
Testament
,
He
is
sent
for
to
Basil.
and
with
the
consent
of
the
Marquess
,
he
removed
thither
with
his
family
after
he
had
been
ten
years
Pastor
at
Raetela
;
yet
before
his
going
the
Marquess
conditioned
with
him
that
he
should
be
overseer
of
his
Churches
,
and
that
his
brother
should
succeed
him
in
his
charge
at
Raetela
,
and
withall
he
assigned
him
a
stipend
of
twenty
Florences
per
annum
.
When
he
was
come
to
Basil
he
made
an
Oration
of
the
difculty
of
the
work
whereunto
he
was
called
.
His
remove
to
Basil.
He
began
with
the
explication
of
Genesis
,
but
before
he
had
gone
through
it
,
at
the
request
of
his
Auditors
he
left
it
,
and
fel
upon
the
Psalms
,
and
some
of
the
minor
Prophets
.
He
also
voluntarily
read
some
History
Lectures
.
He
met
with
some
reproaches
from
the
Lutherans
,
because
he
taught
otherwise
then
they
would
have
had
him
about
the
Lords
Supper
;
but
the
Lord
saw
it
good
thus
to
exercise
him
,
whose
labo●
is
yet
both
in
publick
and
private
he
blessed
exceedingly
,
and
made
him
an
happy
instrument
of
closing
up
,
and
healing
some
breaches
that
had
been
between
the
Churches
of
Zurick
and
Basil.
He
maintained
friendship
with
Erastus
,
His
friends
.
Amerbach
,
Plater
,
Zuinger
,
Urstisius
,
and
others
.
He
had
many
Noblemen
,
Gentlemen
,
Citizens
,
Doctors
,
and
other
learned
young
men
that
came
out
of
other
countries
to
sojourn
with
him
.
Anno
Christi
1583
,
Lodwick
Prince
Elector
Palatine
dying
,
Prince
Cassimire
succeeded
as
Administrator
in
the
minority
of
the
young
Prince
,
whose
care
was
to
reform
the
Churches
of
the
Palatinate
,
and
the
University
of
Heidleberg
,
and
advising
with
Dan.
Tossanus
,
and
other
godly
Divines
about
the
same
,
he
was
directed
by
them
to
chuse
Grynaeus
for
one
of
the
Professors
.
And
accordingly
Anno
Christi
1584
he
sent
to
Basil
for
him
,
whereupon
(
with
the
consent
of
the
Senat
)
he
removed
to
Heidleberg
,
He
removes
to
Heidleberg
.
where
for
two
years
space
he
read
Divinity
and
History
,
taking
care
both
of
the
Church
,
School
,
and
University
.
He
met
with
many
oppositions
from
the
Lutheran
Faction
,
had
many
disputations
with
them
,
whereof
that
was
the
most
famous
which
was
held
in
the
presence
of
the
Prince
An.
Christi
1584
,
and
wherein
Grynaeus
was
Moderator
,
the
issue
whereof
was
this
,
That
those
Divines
and
Scholars
which
would
not
be
convinced
and
reformed
,
but
continued
to
make
factions
and
divisions
in
the
University
,
were
gently
dismissed
:
The
Lutherans
removed
.
After
which
the
Orthodox
Doctrine
of
the
person
of
Christ
,
and
the
Sacraments
was
quietly
preached
in
the
Palatinate
.
Anno
Christi
1585
,
Sulcer
being
dead
,
by
the
earnest
desire
of
the
godly
he
was
called
back
to
Basil
to
undertake
the
Government
of
that
Church
,
His
return
to
Basil.
and
thereupon
Anno
Christi
1586
he
removed
to
Basil
,
and
was
entertained
with
the
great
●pplause
of
the
whole
Church
,
and
having
preached
twice
,
●e
went
back
to
Heidleberg
,
to
take
his
leave
of
the
Prince
,
Church
,
and
Academy
:
After
which
he
was
courteously
dismissed
by
the
Prince
,
who
provided
for
the
carriage
of
his
houshold
,
and
gave
him
his
Effigies
in
Gold
,
as
a
remembrance
of
his
love
.
He
continued
in
the
faithfull
discharge
of
his
office
a
Basil
,
His
grea●ains
all
the
remainder
of
his
life
,
promoting
the
honour
and
profit
of
the
Church
,
School
,
and
University
by
his
care
,
diligence
,
and
industry
.
In
the
Church
he
was
a
faithful
Pastor
,
feeding
his
people
with
the
bread
of
life
,
comforting
the
afflicted
,
visiting
the
sick
,
and
diligently
removing
whatsoever
might
hinder
the
progress
of
the
Gospel
:
For
which
end
,
Anno
Christi
1594
he
visited
all
the
Churches
in
his
Diocess
,
endeavouring
to
preserve
,
and
nourish
love
amongst
brethren
,
and
reforming
what
was
amiss
.
In
the
Grammar
School
,
he
with
some
others
,
were
careful
to
provide
fit
Schoolmasters
,
examined
the
proficiency
of
the
Scholars
,
and
helpt
to
maintain
such
as
were
poor
.
In
the
University
he
went
through
the
greatest
honors
and
labours
.
His
imployments
abroad
.
Anno
Christi
1588
he
was
twice
sent
to
Mulhusen
,
first
to
settle
an
able
Ministry
,
and
then
to
be
present
in
a
Synod
.
The
same
year
he
went
to
Bern
to
a
conference
for
composing
the
controversies
in
Religion
.
He
grow●
weak
.
At
length
he
began
to
grow
weak
and
sickly
,
and
his
eye-sight
waxed
very
dim
,
and
in
the
72
year
of
his
age
he
was
almost
quite
blind
,
yet
his
intellectuals
and
memory
continued
very
good
.
He
lost
also
most
of
his
friends
,
with
his
brothers
,
sisters
,
wife
,
and
children
(
all
but
one
daughter
,
His
patienc●
and
his
son
in
law
Polanus
)
whom
he
much
desired
to
follow
.
He
was
oft
tormented
with
the
Collick
,
yet
bore
all
with
admirable
patience
;
and
in
the
midst
of
his
pains
,
he
said
Ut
munc
triste
mori
est
,
sic
dulec
resurgere
quondam
,
Christus
ut
in
vita
,
sic
quoque
morte
lucrum
est
Interris
labor
est
,
requies
sed
suavis
in
urna
,
In
summo
venient
gaudia
summa
die
.
As
death's
sweet
,
so
to
rise
is
sweet
much
more
,
Christ
as
in
life
,
so
he
in
death
is
store
:
On
earth
are
troubles
,
sweet
rest
in
the
grave
:
I'
th
last
day
we
the
lasting'st
joyes
shall
have
.
After
that
he
was
eased
of
the
Collick
and
Stone
,
His
sicknesses
.
hee
fell
sick
of
a
Feaver
,
which
alm●st
took
away
his
senses
,
but
hee
betook
himself
wholly
to
Prayer
,
Prayer
.
Death
desired
.
and
tasted
the
joyes
of
heaven
in
his
soul
,
continually
wishing
that
he
might
be
dissolved
,
and
be
with
Christ
;
which
desire
God
shortly
after
satisfied
;
when
he
had
lived
seventy
seven
years
,
His
death
.
Anno
Christi
1617.
The
Ministers
of
Basil
carried
his
corps
to
the
grave
.
A
little
before
his
death
he
professed
to
Doctor
Meier
that
he
dyed
in
the
same
Faith
that
he
had
taught
others
;
His
speech
to
Meier
.
that
he
had
earnestly
besought
God
to
provide
his
people
of
an
able
and
faithful
Pastor
,
&c.
concluding
,
O
praeclarum
illum
diem
,
cùm
ad
illud
animarum
concilium
,
coelumque
proficiscar
,
&
cùm
ex
hac
turba
,
&
colluvione
discedam
:
O
happy
day
when
I
may
depart
out
of
this
troublesom
and
sinfull
world
,
and
go
to
Heaven
to
those
blessed
soules
before
departed
.
He
used
to
say
,
His
sayings
.
Pontifici
Romano
Erasmum
plus
nocuisse
jocando
,
quàm
Lutherum
stomachando
:
Writing
to
Chytraeus
,
he
said
,
Si
non
amplius
in
his
terris
te
visurus
sum
,
ibi
tamen
conveniemus
,
ubi
Luthero
cum
Zuinglio
optimè
jam
convenit
:
If
we
never
see
one
another
again
in
this
world
,
yet
wee
shall
meet
in
that
place
where
Luther
and
Zuinglius
agree
very
well
together
.
His
diligence
and
Indus●●y
.
He
used
to
be
up
at
his
study
Winter
and
Summer
before
sun-rising
,
and
spent
all
the
day
in
Prayer
,
Writing
,
Reading
,
and
visiting
of
the
sick
.
He
was
so
famous
that
many
Princes
,
Noblemen
,
and
young
Gentlemen
came
from
forreign
countries
to
see
,
and
hear
him
.
He
was
very
dutifull
to
his
parents
,
His
Character
.
liberal
to
a
poor
brother
which
he
had
:
Temperate
in
food
and
apparel
all
his
life
long
:
Courteous
and
affable
to
every
man
;
respectfull
to
all
degrees
;
studious
of
love
and
concord
amongst
the
good
,
especially
Scholars
,
as
his
many
Epistles
shew
.
Many
desired
to
sojourn
with
him
,
whose
bodies
he
fed
with
food
,
and
minds
with
pleasant
and
profitable
discourses
,
and
sage
Apothegmes
.
In
bearing
wrongs
hee
was
very
patient
,
never
seeking
reveng
.
Scripsit
Epitomen
Bibliorum
.
Charact.
Christianorum
.
His
Works
.
Enarrationes
aliquot
Psalmorum
,
&
Prophetarum
,
ut
Haggai
,
Jonae
,
Habacuc
,
Obadiae
,
Malachiae
,
Danielis
5
priorum
cap.
Explanationem
Mat.
Exeg
.
Epistolae
a●
Romanos
,
Col.
Heb.
Joh.
Historiam
Ecclesiasticam
.
Chron.
Historiae
Evangelicae
.
R.
ABBAT
The
Life
of
Robert
Abbat
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1618.
RObert
Abbat
was
born
at
Guilford
in
the
Countie
of
Surrey
Anno
Christi
1560
,
His
birth
and
education
.
of
honest
Parents
,
who
carefully
educated
him
in
learning
,
and
when
he
was
fit
,
they
sent
him
to
Oxford
,
where
he
was
admitted
into
Baliol
Colledge
,
in
which
place
he
followed
his
studies
very
hard
,
took
all
his
degrees
till
he
commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
,
His
degrees
.
and
for
his
excellent
learning
,
and
exemplary
life
,
he
was
chosen
first
Master
of
the
Colledge
;
and
afterwards
the
Regius
Professor
,
in
which
place
he
succeeded
Doctor
Thomas
Holland
;
and
for
five
years
space
performed
his
office
so
excellently
,
that
Anno
Chr.
1615
he
was
by
King
James
preferred
to
the
Bishoprick
of
Salisbury
.
Whilst
he
was
there
he
made
that
learned
and
solid
work
De
gratia
,
His
works
.
&
perseverantia
Sanctorum
:
He
was
also
very
diligent
,
and
faithful
in
the
execution
of
his
office
:
But
partly
by
reason
of
the
burthen
and
care
of
his
place
,
partly
by
his
sedentary
life
,
being
so
hard
a
student
,
he
had
a
stone
bred
in
his
kidneys
,
His
patience
.
which
put
him
to
intollerable
pain
,
yet
hee
bore
the
same
with
invincible
patience
:
Till
finding
his
end
to
approach
,
he
called
his
Family
together
,
and
began
to
make
before
them
a
Confession
of
his
Faith
,
yet
with
some
pauses
by
reason
of
his
pains
and
faintness
,
His
sicknesse
.
whereupon
some
of
his
friends
told
him
that
he
need
not
put
himself
to
that
trouble
,
having
so
fully
declared
the
same
in
his
learned
and
Orthodox
writings
.
This
counsel
he
approved
,
and
therefore
said
to
them
,
That
Faith
which
I
haue
published
,
and
defended
in
my
writings
,
is
the
truth
of
God
,
and
therein
I
die
,
and
so
presently
after
he
yeelded
up
his
soul
to
God
Anno
Christo
1618
,
His
Death
.
and
of
his
age
58.
The
Life
of
William
Cowper
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1619.
WIlliam
Cowper
was
born
in
Edenborough
,
His
birth
and
education
.
and
at
eight
years
old
was
sent
by
his
Father
to
Dunbar-School
,
where
in
four
years
he
learn'd
the
whole
course
of
Grammar
,
and
profited
above
his
equals
,
and
at
that
time
did
God
begin
to
reveal
himself
to
him
.
Many
times
when
he
was
in
the
School
he
used
to
●ift
up
his
heart
unto
God
,
His
conversion
begging
of
him
knowledge
and
understanding
;
and
alwaies
as
he
went
to
Church
,
he
sent
up
this
ejaculation
to
heaven
,
Lord
bow
nine
ear
that
I
may
hear
thy
word
.
At
his
entry
into
his
thirteenth
year
,
his
father
sent
for
him
home
to
Edenburgh
,
and
presently
after
he
went
to
Saint
Andrews
,
He
goes
to
St.
Andrews
.
where
he
continued
to
his
sixteenth
year
in
the
study
of
Philosophy
,
but
made
no
great
progress
therein
;
yet
the
seed
of
grace
was
stil
working
in
him
,
inclining
him
to
a
careful
hearing
and
penning
of
Sermons
,
and
other
Theological
Lectures
.
During
his
abode
at
Saint
Andrews
,
His
tentations
.
Sathan
,
working
upon
corrupt
nature
,
sought
oft
to
trap
him
in
his
snares
,
but
as
himself
testifies
,
Gods
mercy
.
the
Lord
in
mercy
forgave
the
vanities
,
and
ignorances
of
his
youth
,
and
preserved
him
from
such
falls
,
as
might
have
made
him
a
〈◊〉
to
the
Saints
,
and
a
reproach
to
his
enemies
.
At
the
Age
of
sixteen
years
,
he
returned
to
his
parents
at
Edenburgh
,
who
propos'd
to
him
sundry
courses
of
life
;
but
his
heart
was
stil
enclined
to
the
study
of
the
holy
Scriptures
,
whereupon
he
resolved
to
goe
into
England
,
He
goes
into
England
.
and
the
Lord
provided
him
a
place
at
Hoddesdon
,
eighteen
miles
from
London
(
just
as
he
had
spent
all
his
money
which
he
brought
with
him
out
of
Scotland
)
where
he
was
entertained
by
one
Mr.
Gods
providence
.
Gutherie
a
Scotchman
to
assist
him
in
teaching
of
a
School
.
There
he
remained
three
quarters
of
a
year
,
and
then
having
occasion
to
goe
to
London
,
he
was
unexspectedly
called
to
the
service
of
Master
Hugh
Broughton
,
He
serves
Mr.
H.
Broughton
.
with
whom
he
continued
a
year
and
a
half
,
and
daily
exercised
himself
in
the
study
of
Divinity
.
At
nineteen
years
old
he
returned
again
to
Edenburgh
,
His
return
to
Edenborough
.
where
he
lived
with
his
elder
brother
[
then
one
of
the
Ministers
in
that
City
]
who
much
furthered
him
in
his
former
studies
;
and
at
last
he
was
required
to
give
a
proof
of
his
gifts
privately
,
which
he
did
in
the
New
Church
before
Master
Robert
Pont
,
He
preaches
privately
.
and
Master
Robert
Rollock
,
and
som●
others
,
by
whom
he
was
commanded
to
preach
in
publick
also
.
Being
twenty
years
old
he
was
sent
by
the
Authority
of
the
General
Assembly
,
His
calling
to
the
Ministry
.
which
then
was
met
at
Edenburgh
,
to
be
the
Pastor
at
Bothkenner
in
Sterlingshire
;
but
when
he
came
thither
,
he
found
in
the
Church
,
besides
ruinous
wals
,
neither
roof
,
nor
doors
,
nor
pulpit
,
nor
seats
,
nor
windows
,
yet
it
pleased
God
to
give
such
a
blessing
to
his
Ministry
,
Power
of
the
Word
.
that
within
half
a
year
the
Parishioners
of
their
own
accord
,
built
,
and
adorned
the
Church
in
as
good
a
quality
as
any
round
about
it
.
There
he
continued
seven
or
eight
years
,
yet
subject
to
great
bodily
infirmities
,
He
is
sickly
.
by
reason
of
the
wetnesse
of
the
soil
,
and
the
moistness
of
the
air
;
and
in
that
time
d●d
God
begin
to
acquaint
him
with
his
terrors
,
Assaulted
with
●e●●ations
.
and
with
inward
tentations
,
so
that
his
life
was
almost
wasted
with
heaviness
,
yet
thereby
he
learned
more
,
and
more
to
know
Christ
Jesus
.
About
that
time
there
was
a
General
Assembly
of
the
Church
at
Perth
,
unto
which
some
that
lived
in
the
North
of
Scotland
sent
to
desire
that
a
Minister
might
be
sent
unto
them
;
whereupon
the
Assembly
appointed
Master
Cowper
for
that
place
,
and
accordingly
wrote
to
him
by
Master
Patrick
Simpson
,
His
remove
.
who
coming
to
Sterling
,
delivered
to
him
the
Letters
from
the
Assembly
,
and
those
from
the
Town
,
containing
his
calling
to
the
work
of
the
Ministry
in
that
place
:
And
so
shortly
after
the
Town
sent
their
Commissioners
to
transport
him
and
his
family
thither
.
In
that
place
he
continued
doing
the
work
of
the
Lord
for
ninteen
years
together
,
His
painfulnes
in
the
Ministry
where
he
was
a
comfort
to
the
best
,
and
a
wound
to
the
worser
sort
.
Besides
the
Sabbath
dayes
,
he
chose
thrice
a
week
to
convene
the
people
together
in
the
Evenings
,
viz.
Wednesdayes
,
Fridayes
,
and
Saturdayes
,
for
a
preparation
to
the
Sabbath
;
upon
which
daies
they
had
no
preaching
in
the
morning
;
concerning
which
meetings
himself
writes
,
The
success
of
his
Ministry
.
That
it
would
have
done
a
Christians
heart
good
,
to
have
seen
those
glorious
,
and
joyfull
assemblies
,
to
have
heard
the
zealous
cryings
to
God
amongst
that
people
,
with
sighings
and
tears
,
and
melting
hearts
,
and
mourning
eyes
:
And
concerning
himself
he
saith
,
My
witnsse
is
in
heaven
,
that
the
love
of
Jesus
and
his
people
,
His
zeal
.
made
continual
preaching
my
pleasure
,
and
I
had
no
such
joy
as
in
doing
his
work
.
And
besides
that
he
preached
five
times
a
week
,
His
works
.
he
penned
also
whatsoever
hee
preached
,
many
of
which
holy
and
godly
Sermons
are
extant
in
print
.
All
the
time
of
his
abode
there
(
except
some
little
intermissions
,
and
breathing
times
)
the
Lord
still
exercised
him
with
inward
tentation
,
His
tentations
and
great
variety
of
spiritual
combats
,
the
end
of
all
which
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
was
Ioy
unspeakable
,
as
himself
testifies
.
Joy
unspeakable
.
Yea
once
(
saith
he
)
in
greatest
extreamitie
of
horror
,
and
anguish
of
spirit
,
when
I
had
utterly
given
over
,
and
looked
for
nothing
but
confusion
,
suddenly
there
did
shine
,
in
the
very
twinkling
of
an
eye
,
the
bright
,
and
lightsome
countenance
of
God
,
proclaming
peace
,
and
confirming
it
with
invincible
reasons
:
O
what
a
change
was
there
in
a
moment
?
the
silly
soul
that
was
even
now
at
the
brink
of
the
pit
,
looking
for
nothing
but
to
be
swallowed
up
,
was
instantly
raised
up
to
heaven
to
have
fellowship
with
God
in
Christ
Jesus
,
and
from
this
day
forward
my
soul
was
never
troubled
with
such
extremity
of
terrors
:
This
confirmation
was
given
unto
me
on
a
Saturday
in
the
morning
;
there
found
I
the
power
of
Religion
,
the
certaintie
of
the
word
,
there
was
I
touched
with
such
a
lively
sense
of
a
Divinitie
,
and
power
of
a
Godhead
,
in
mercy
reconciled
with
man
,
and
with
me
in
Christ
,
as
I
trust
my
soul
shall
never
forget
:
Glory
,
glory
,
glory
be
to
the
joyfull
deliverer
of
my
soul
out
of
all
adversities
for
ever
.
In
the
middest
of
these
wrestlings
with
God
he
wanted
not
combats
with
wicked
men
also
,
His
outward
troubles
.
but
the
greatnesse
of
his
inward
conflicts
,
made
him
lightly
regard
all
their
outward
contradictions
,
and
to
esteem
them
but
as
the
bitings
of
a
Flea
.
It
was
no
marvel
to
see
Satan
stir
up
his
wicked
instruments
to
molest
him
,
since
he
professed
himself
a
disquieter
of
him
,
and
his
Kingdom
.
Yet
this
much
supported
him
,
that
he
never
had
a
controversie
with
any
of
them
but
for
their
sins
:
And
the
Lord
assisting
him
,
the
power
of
the
Word
did
so
hammer
down
their
pride
,
Power
of
the
word
.
that
they
were
all
of
them
at
last
brought
to
an
acknowledgement
of
their
evil
wayes
.
But
at
length
(
as
God
turned
the
heart
of
Pharoah
,
and
his
people
from
the
Israelites
,
when
the
time
drew
on
for
their
remove
)
so
by
little
and
little
did
the
zeal
and
love
of
most
of
that
people
fall
away
,
The
apostasie
of
his
people
.
so
that
his
last
conflict
was
,
not
with
the
prophane
,
but
with
Justitiaries
,
and
such
as
were
unrebukeable
in
their
lives
.
These
men
were
stuffed
with
such
pride
,
self-conceit
,
disdain
,
and
intolerable
contempt
,
that
thereby
they
were
carried
further
from
their
duty
then
any
of
the
former
;
and
they
which
should
have
been
his
greatest
comfort
,
were
his
greatest
cross
.
Presently
hereupon
God
called
him
to
the
Government
of
the
Churches
in
Galloway
,
He
is
made
Bishop
of
Ga●loway
.
in
the
South-West
parts
of
the
kingdom
,
being
chosen
by
the
Assembly
,
and
presented
by
the
King
thereunto
.
This
was
done
without
his
privity
,
or
ambitious
us
seeking
after
it
;
yea
,
he
was
so
far
from
it
,
that
eighteen
weeks
passed
betwixt
the
Kings
Presentation
,
His
hum●lity
.
and
his
Acceptation
of
●t
.
In
that
place
he
was
very
carefull
to
advance
the
Gospel
,
and
to
adorn
his
Ministery
:
Concerning
the
frame
of
his
spirit
thus
he
writes
,
My
soul
is
alway
in
my
hand
,
His
desire
of
de●●h
.
ready
to
be
offered
to
my
God
:
Where
,
or
what
kind
of
death
God
hath
prepared
for
me
,
I
know
not
:
But
sure
I
am
there
can
no
evil
death
befall
him
that
lives
in
Christ
,
nor
sudden
death
to
a
Christian
Pilgrim
,
who
(
with
Job
)
waits
very
hour
for
his
change
.
Yea
(
saith
he
)
many
a
daie
have
I
sought
it
with
tea●es
,
not
out
of
impatience
,
Death
why
desired
.
distrust
,
or
perturbation
,
●ut
because
I
am
weary
of
sin
,
and
fearful
to
fall
into
it
.
This
faithful
servant
of
God
who
had
alwaies
been
faithful
and
painful
in
his
Ministery
,
when
sickness
grew
daily
upon
him
,
He
grows
sickly
.
was
no
way
deficient
in
the
duty
of
his
ordinary
preaching
:
Taking
great
pains
also
to
perfect
his
work
upon
the
Revelations
,
which
he
desired
greatly
to
finish
before
his
death
.
He
had
also
much
grief
by
reason
of
some
that
disturb'd
the
peace
of
the
Church
,
which
he
alwaies
sought
to
procure
;
so
that
his
infirmity
encreasing
,
he
was
compelled
to
keep
home
;
yet
as
his
weakness
permitted
,
he
applyed
himself
to
revise
his
writings
,
and
to
dispose
of
his
worldly
estate
,
Preparation
for
death
.
that
he
might
be
ready
for
his
passage
,
which
every
day
he
exspected
;
&
some
ten
daies
before
his
decease
,
he
manifested
to
his
friends
,
what
great
contentment
he
had
in
his
approaching
death
.
Many
repaired
to
him
in
his
sickness
,
whom
he
entertained
with
most
holy
,
His
sicknesse
.
and
divine
conferences
,
expressing
a
great
willingnesse
to
exchange
this
life
for
a
better
;
and
at
last
feeling
his
strength
and
spirits
to
decay
(
after
he
had
conceived
a
most
heavenly
prayer
in
the
company
of
those
that
were
by
)
he
desired
to
you
to
bed
,
in
which
also
,
after
he
had
most
devoutly
commended
himself
unto
Almighty
God
,
hee
tooke
som●
〈◊〉
rest
.
After
which
time
he
spake
not
many
words
,
〈…〉
failing
,
though
his
memory
and
understanding
〈…〉
and
so
about
seven
a
clock
at
night
he
rendred
〈…〉
most
quiet
and
peaceable
manner
An
▪
Christi
1619.
His
death
.
Some
of
his
private
meditations
were
these
.
Now
my
soul
be
glad
;
for
at
all
parts
of
this
prison
the
Lord
hath
set
to
his
Pioners
to
loose
thee
:
Head
,
feet
,
milt
,
and
liver
are
fast
failing
;
yea
,
the
middle
strength
of
the
whole
body
,
the
stomach
,
is
weakned
long
ago
.
Arise
,
make
ready
,
shake
off
thy
fetters
,
mount
up
from
the
body
,
and
goe
thy
way
.
I
saw
not
my
children
when
they
were
in
the
womb
,
yet
there
the
Lord
fed
them
without
my
knowledge
;
A
sweet
speech
I
shall
not
see
them
when
I
goe
out
of
the
body
,
yet
shall
they
not
want
a
Father
.
Death
is
somwhat
drierie
,
and
the
streams
of
that
Jordan
between
us
and
our
Canaan
run
furiously
,
but
they
stand
stil
when
the
Ark
comes
.
Let
your
Anchor
be
cast
within
the
vail
,
and
fastned
on
the
Rock
Jesus
.
Let
the
end
of
the
threefold
cord
be
buckled
to
the
heart
,
so
shall
ye
goe
thorough
.
His
Works
are
bound
up
together
in
one
volume
.
His
works
.
Soli
Deo
Gloria
.
A.
WILLET
The
Life
of
Andrew
Willet
,
who
dyed
A
no
Christi
1621.
ANdrew
Willet
was
born
in
Ely
in
Cambridgshire
Anno
Christi
1562.
His
birth
and
education
.
His
Father
was
a
Minister
,
who
carefully
brought
him
up
in
the
School
of
that
City
,
where
by
his
extraordinary
pa●ns
and
diligence
he
profited
so
much
,
that
at
fourteen
years
old
he
went
to
Cambridge
,
He
goes
to
Cambridge
.
and
was
admitted
into
Peter-house
;
yet
not
long
after
was
transplanted
to
Christ's
Collegde
,
where
Doctor
Downham
,
and
Master
William
Perkins
were
of
his
own
standing
.
There
he
applyed
himself
so
seriously
to
his
studies
,
that
in
short
time
he
gained
a
good
measure
of
knowledge
in
the
learned
tongues
,
and
Arts
;
yea
hee
attained
to
such
a
measure
of
perfection
therein
,
that
at
twenty
two
years
old
he
published
his
book
,
His
proficiency
.
De
animae
natura
,
&
viribus
,
wherein
he
did
Philosophically
Theologize
in
five
subtil
,
and
abstrase
questions
.
About
that
time
also
he
was
made
Minister
,
and
began
sometimes
to
Preach
,
being
furnished
with
Piety
,
Learning
,
and
Gravity
beyond
his
years
:
Insomuch
as
an
accident
befalling
a
Proctor
of
that
Colledge
,
hee
suddenly
undertook
his
place
at
the
Commencement
,
He
is
ordained
Minister
.
and
so
well
,
and
dexterously
perf●rmed
it
,
that
thereby
he
gained
the
applause
,
yea
the
admiration
of
all
his
Auditors
.
Having
thus
spent
thirteen
years
in
the
University
,
by
the
favour
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
He
is
Prebend
●f
he
was
made
a
Prebend
in
Ely
,
Ely
His
marriage
.
where
also
he
married
a
Wife
,
by
whom
he
had
eleven
sons
,
and
seven
daughters
.
But
his
Wife
being
a
carefull
yoak-fellow
,
his
houshold
affairs
troubled
him
not
,
so
that
he
pursued
his
old
course
of
study
,
which
was
his
delight
,
and
of
which
he
never
was
weary
:
His
manne
:
was
to
rise
early
in
a
morning
,
His
studiousness
.
and
to
get
half
way
on
his
journey
ere
others
could
set
out
.
At
the
hour
of
Prayer
he
came
down
,
and
took
his
Wife
and
Family
with
him
to
Church
,
where
he
had
publick
Prayers
,
His
piety
.
to
the
great
comfort
of
his
Parishioners
:
Prayers
being
ended
,
he
returned
to
his
study
till
near
dinner
time
,
when
his
manne●
was
to
recreate
himself
either
upon
a
little
Organ
,
which
he
had
in
his
house
,
singing
to
it
;
or
sporting
with
his
young
Children
:
His
recreations
Sometimes
also
he
would
cleave
wood
for
his
health-sake
.
At
his
meals
he
used
pleasant
discourse
,
seasoned
with
some
profitable
application
:
After
dinner
he
used
to
sit
and
discourse
a
while
,
or
walk
abroad
,
and
then
to
his
study
again
,
so
that
(
without
extraordinary
avocations
)
he
spent
eight
houres
a
day
in
his
study
:
His
great
●eading
.
By
which
means
he
read
over
the
Fathers
,
Councels
,
Ecclesiastick
Histories
,
a
great
part
of
the
Civil
and
Canon
Law
:
Polemick
Controversies
between
Rome
and
us
;
and
most
Commentaries
upon
the
holy
Scriptures
;
in
his
papers
he
had
couched
the
whole
substance
of
his
reading
:
So
that
he
might
say
,
Exiguis
Patres
●rctantur
pellibus
omnes
,
Quos
mea
non
totos
Bibliotheca
capit
.
Lo
here
few
leaves
th'
old
fathers
all
infold
,
Whom
whole
at
once
my
study
ne'r
could
hold
.
He
improved
his
Talent
for
the
publick
good
,
His
Works
.
so
that
every
year
he
either
published
a
new
book
,
or
reprinted
some
old
,
with
a
new
Edition
.
He
is
one
of
those
concerning
whom
Doctor
Hall
saith
,
Stupor
mundi
clerus
Britannicus
:
The
English
Clergie
is
the
Worlds
wonder
.
In
his
younger
time
he
preached
the
Lecture
for
three
years
together
in
the
Cathedral
Church
of
Ely
:
And
for
one
year
in
Saint
Paul's
at
London
,
in
both
with
a
most
singular
approbation
of
a
frequent
Auditory
.
Sometimes
he
preached
in
Cambridge
,
His
Ministry
.
and
therein
discovered
himself
the
man
,
quem
rus
non
infuscavit
,
whom
the
Country
had
not
stained
.
When
hee
was
once
called
to
a
Pastorall
charge
at
Burley
in
Herfordshire
,
He
is
made
Pastor
.
he
was
alwaies
constant
in
Preaching
,
Preachers
pattern
.
instructing
his
people
in
a
plain
familiar
way
,
applying
himself
to
their
capacity
.
He
would
also
sometimes
sharpen
his
stile
,
and
cut
them
up
roundly
for
their
sin
:
But
when
he
spake
words
of
Consolation
,
he
was
wholly
composed
of
Sweetnesse
:
In
denunciations
of
Judgements
,
he
would
put
on
the
bowels
of
compassion
,
and
the
spirit
of
meeknesse
,
sugaring
every
bitter
pill
that
it
might
goe
down
more
pleasantly
.
His
very
presence
was
powerful
and
perswasive
(
mildnesse
mixed
with
gravity
sitting
in
his
countenance
)
insomuch
as
one
word
from
him
was
able
to
effect
more
then
thousands
from
some
others
.
His
holy
life
.
But
especially
his
godly
conversation
,
exemplifying
what
he
gave
in
charge
out
of
Gods
Word
,
did
most
of
all
convince
his
peoples
judgements
,
and
subdue
their
affections
to
obedience
,
so
that
the
Lord
blessed
his
labours
much
to
them
.
His
house
was
a
little
modell
of
a
Church
,
and
house
of
God
:
His
family
wel
governed
.
Here
morning
and
evening
sacrifices
were
offered
to
God
daily
:
His
children
after
supper
read
some
part
of
holy
Scripture
,
and
he
required
of
every
one
present
,
that
they
should
remember
some
sentence
or
other
,
and
afterwards
he
would
repeat
the
same
,
adding
some
exposition
,
and
sometimes
something
of
application
to
them
:
Yea
he
made
himself
an
exact
pattern
and
example
to
all
his
family
.
His
Charity
will
eminently
appear
,
His
charity
.
if
we
consider
quantum
ex
quantillo
,
how
much
out
of
how
little
means
he
freely
gave
to
the
poor
and
needy
.
He
maintained
two
of
his
near
A●lies
(
being
faln
into
want
)
many
years
at
his
own
table
;
and
maintained
,
for
the
most
part
,
a
son
of
either
of
them
at
the
University
;
and
though
his
many
children
might
have
restrained
his
bounty
;
yet
he
was
of
Cyprian's
mind
,
The
more
children
,
the
more
charitie
.
He
gave
a
dole
of
bread
to
the
poor
,
on
the
Coronation
and
Powder-treason
daies
:
At
Christmass
he
gave
Corn
to
some
,
money
to
others
,
and
to
the
rest
of
his
neighbours
liberal
and
loving
entertainment
.
In
the
Harvest
he
would
say
to
the
poor
,
as
Boaz
did
to
Ruth
,
Go
not
to
glean
in
another
field
,
&c.
And
when
at
any
time
himself
came
into
the
field
,
he
would
scatter
of
his
heaps
with
a
ful
hand
;
so
that
the
poor
would
be
ready
to
leap
for
joy
at
his
coming
.
When
he
set
any
on
work
,
he
payd
freely
,
and
speedily
:
When
the
poor
bought
corn
of
him
,
His
justice
they
were
sure
to
gain
both
in
price
and
measure
;
and
yet
as
Wels
drawn
spring
more
freely
,
so
his
substance
encreased
with
his
bounty
.
Hee
took
much
pains
in
composing
the
differences
amongst
his
neighbours
.
He
was
a
Peace
maker
.
He
was
especially
carefull
to
doe
good
to
poor
Ministers
,
his
fellow-labourers
.
Some
that
lived
near
him
tasted
of
his
bounty
oft
,
to
whom
he
sent
Wheat
,
or
Malt
,
in
no
scant
proportion
.
He
was
much
given
to
Hospitality
,
and
Strangers
out
of
other
Nations
,
His
hospitality
hearing
his
fame
,
resorted
to
him
for
his
acquaintance
.
About
December
,
Anno
Christi
1621
,
having
been
at
London
,
as
he
was
returning
home
,
He
breaks
his
〈◊〉
.
his
horse
by
the
way
stumbling
,
threw
him
down
,
&
in
the
fal
brake
his
leg
,
but
being
holpen
up
,
he
rode
to
a
town
called
Hodsdon
,
where
in
an
Inn
,
hee
sent
for
a
Bonesetter
,
by
whom
,
after
his
leg
was
set
,
he
was
directed
to
keep
his
bed
ten
dayes
,
which
he
willingly
submitted
to
.
As
he
lay
he
imployed
one
of
his
sons
who
waited
on
him
,
to
write
from
his
mouth
some
heavenly
meditations
upon
the
song
of
Hezekiah
,
when
he
had
been
sick
,
and
recovered
of
his
sicknesse
,
Isaiah
,
38
,
especially
upon
the
9
,
10
,
13
,
and
15
verses
.
Thus
he
continued
to
the
tenth
of
December
,
when
early
in
the
morning
,
being
awakened
by
the
tolling
of
a
passing
bell
(
which
probably
occasioned
in
him
a
strong
apprehension
of
his
own
approaching
death
)
he
fell
into
a
discourse
with
his
wife
(
who
lay
in
the
chamber
by
him
since
that
accident
first
befel
him
)
concerning
death
,
and
our
blessed
hopes
expected
after
death
:
His
preparation
for
death
.
And
amongst
other
things
,
touching
the
mutual
knowledge
that
the
Saints
have
one
of
another
in
glory
:
Which
comfortable
discourse
being
ended
,
they
began
to
sing
an
Hymn
(
of
his
own
composing
)
giving
thanks
to
God
for
their
rest
that
night
,
and
praying
for
a
blessing
upon
them
and
theirs
in
the
day
ensuing
:
And
then
having
repeated
one
verse
of
the
146
Psalm
,
he
presently
brake
out
into
these
words
,
Oh
this
a
most
sweet
psalm
;
and
so
went
on
,
but
pausing
at
the
end
of
every
staff
,
he
delivered
a
short
Paraphrase
upon
it
;
and
coming
to
these
words
,
ver.
7
,
8.
And
loose
the
fetters
strong
;
and
the
lame
to
limbs
restore
;
he
applyed
both
to
himself
,
calling
the
splints
upon
his
legge
his
fetters
,
and
comforting
himself
with
this
,
that
God
would
restore
him
from
his
lamenesse
;
but
having
occasion
for
som
ease
to
stir
himself
,
he
suddenly
fetched
a
deep
groan
,
and
so
fell
into
a
trance
:
He
faints
.
His
wife
crying
out
,
and
some
coming
in
,
they
used
means
,
and
he
began
to
rouse
himself
a
little
,
and
to
look
about
:
And
uttered
these
his
last
words
;
Let
me
alone
,
I
shall
do
well
:
Lord
Jesus
—
and
so
gave
up
his
soul
to
God
,
Anno
Christi
1621
,
His
death
.
and
of
his
age
59
:
His
Works
are
,
Synopsis
Papismi
.
A
sixfold
Commentarie
upon
Genesis
,
Exodus
,
Leviticus
,
Samuel
1
&
2
,
Daniel
.
Romans
.
Ecclesia
triumphans
,
Thesaurus
Ecclesiae
.
A
Comment
upon
the
Epistle
of
Jude
.
The
Protestants
Diet.
D.
PAREVS
The
Life
of
David
Pareus
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1622.
DAvid
Pareus
was
born
in
Silesia
,
Anno
Christi
1548.
His
Parents
were
Citizens
of
good
rank
;
His
birth
,
parentage
,
and
education
.
when
he
was
about
three
years
old
,
he
fel
sick
of
the
small
pox
,
whereof
he
was
like
to
die
,
and
though
it
pleased
God
that
he
recovered
,
yet
he
had
thereby
a
blemish
in
one
of
his
eyes
,
which
continued
so
long
as
he
lived
.
About
that
time
his
mother
died
.
When
he
grew
up
to
riper
yeares
,
his
Father
,
perceiving
a
natural
promptnesse
in
him
to
learning
,
set
him
to
School
in
his
own
City
,
where
one
of
his
Masters
was
very
rigid
,
and
severe
in
his
carriage
unto
him
,
and
there
he
learned
Grammar
,
Musick
,
and
Arithmatick
:
But
when
he
was
fourteene
years
old
(
by
the
instigation
of
his
step-mother
)
his
father
placed
him
with
an
Apothecary
at
Uratislavia
;
Hee
is
made
a
Prentice
.
which
course
of
life
he
could
not
well
rellish
,
and
therefore
after
a
moneths
stay
,
hee
returned
home
againe
,
which
his
step
mother
was
much
offended
with
,
yet
his
tender
father
resolved
to
keep
him
at
school
,
He
returnes
to
school
.
and
when
he
disliked
the
severity
of
his
former
Master
,
he
sent
him
to
Hirschberg
,
to
one
Christopher
Schillingus
,
who
was
much
affected
with
his
ingenuity
and
towardlinesse
.
The
chief
Magistrate
also
of
that
City
took
a
great
liking
to
him
,
for
some
verses
which
he
made
at
his
sons
Funeral
,
so
that
he
gave
him
his
diet
in
his
family
.
When
he
had
been
there
about
two
yeares
,
the
Pastor
of
that
place
,
who
was
a
Lutherane
,
fell
out
with
his
Schoolmaster
,
for
that
,
in
Catechising
of
his
scholars
,
he
had
taught
them
,
that
Christs
body
being
ascended
into
heaven
was
there
to
remain
till
his
coming
to
judgement
,
and
that
in
the
Sacrament
wee
feed
upon
it
onely
spiritually
by
faith
,
His
Mas●er
is
driven
away
.
&c.
And
his
spleene
was
so
great
,
that
he
would
not
be
satisfied
till
he
had
driven
him
away
from
the
City
.
Pareus
,
having
to
his
great
grief
lost
his
Master
,
returned
home
;
yet
neither
there
was
hee
in
quiet
,
some
talebearers
suggesting
to
his
father
,
Malice
.
that
his
Schoolmaster
had
infected
him
with
his
errors
,
and
so
far
they
prevailed
,
that
his
father
intended
to
disinherit
him
.
Hereupon
Pareus
resolved
to
go
into
the
Palatinate
,
which
his
father
much
disliked
,
&
sought
by
all
means
to
hinder
;
yet
at
last
,
through
Gods
mercy
,
by
importunity
,
he
got
his
fathers
consent
,
who
sent
him
away
with
little
money
in
his
purse
.
Thus
forsaking
his
friends
and
fathers
house
,
he
went
to
Hirschberg
,
where
hee
met
with
his
Master
,
and
some
of
his
School-fellows
,
and
so
they
travelled
together
towards
the
Palatinate
,
through
Bohemia
.
By
the
way
,
his
money
failing
,
he
went
to
a
Monastery
to
beg
an
Alms
,
His
poverty
.
and
the
Abbat
pittying
him
,
relieved
him
.
Going
from
thence
to
another
Monastery
,
he
met
with
an
ignorant
Friar
,
and
asking
an
Alms
of
him
in
Latine
,
he
returned
this
answer
;
Nos
pauperifratres
,
nos
nihil
habemus
;
an
piscimus
,
an
caro
,
an
panis
,
an
misoricordia
habemus
.
Yet
at
length
it
pleased
God
to
bring
them
safely
to
Amberg
in
the
upper
Palatinate
.
He
goes
into
the
Palatinate
.
There
his
Schoolmaster
stayed
,
and
sent
Pareus
,
with
ten
more
of
his
Scholars
,
to
Heidleberg
,
where
they
were
admitted
into
the
Colledge
of
Sapience
:
There
he
was
a
diligent
hearer
of
Ursin
,
Boquin
,
Tremelius
,
Zanchy
,
and
the
other
Professors
,
under
whom
he
profited
both
in
the
Arts
and
Tongues
to
admiration
.
Then
he
betook
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
and
having
fitted
himself
for
the
work
of
the
Ministry
,
he
was
chosen
by
the
Elector
to
preach
in
a
village
within
his
jurisdiction
,
He
enters
into
the
Ministry
.
which
he
was
then
about
to
reform
.
Not
long
after
he
was
called
back
to
Heidleberg
,
and
made
a
Publick-Lecturer
,
where
he
continued
till
the
death
of
Frederick
the
third
,
and
then
by
the
Heterodox
party
,
he
with
the
other
Professors
was
driven
from
thence
;
He
is
driven
from
Heidleberg
.
but
most
of
them
were
entertained
by
Prince
Casimire
,
who
erected
a
Universitie
at
Neostade
,
appointing
Ursin
,
Zanchy
,
Tossan
,
Junius
,
Pisca●or
,
and
others
to
be
the
Professors
in
it
.
He
appointed
also
a
Synod
therein
,
to
consider
how
to
provide
for
the
other
exiles
.
Tossan
was
chosen
Moderator
,
and
Pareus
the
Scribe
of
it
.
In
that
Synod
Pareus
gat
leave
to
goe
visit
his
country
and
friends
,
and
so
in
three
weeks
space
came
safely
to
them
,
where
he
was
received
with
much
joy
,
He
returns
home
.
and
at
the
request
of
the
Senate
,
he
preached
the
Sabbath
following
upon
John
3.
16.
And
that
with
great
applause
,
and
general
approbation
.
His
Father
also
was
so
well
pleased
with
him
,
that
presently
after
the
Sermon
,
he
cancelled
the
writing
whereby
he
had
disinherited
him
.
The
Senate
also
desired
him
to
undertake
a
Pastoral
charge
in
that
place
;
but
he
chose
rather
to
return
into
the
Palatinate
again
;
and
coming
to
Neostad
,
His
return
into
the
Palatinate
.
he
was
appointed
to
preach
in
a
village
hard
by
,
where
he
continued
til
Prince
Casimire
(
as
Guardian
to
the
young
Prince
Elector
Palatine
)
sent
for
him
to
be
a
Preacher
in
the
great
Church
in
Heidleberg
,
and
not
long
after
he
was
made
Master
of
the
Colledge
of
Sapience
in
that
University
.
His
preferment
there
.
Anno
Christi
1587
according
to
the
Statutes
of
the
Colledge
he
Commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
and
a
fterwards
,
by
the
perswasion
of
his
friends
,
Doctor
of
Divinitie
also
.
Anno
Christi
1594
at
a
Convention
of
States
at
Ratisbone
,
the
Divines
of
the
Palatinate
were
accused
by
the
Lutherans
,
He
commenceth
Doctor
in
divinity
.
as
holding
opinions
neither
consonant
to
the
Scriptures
,
Augustane
Confession
,
nor
to
their
own
Catechi●m
.
But
Pareus
,
Lutherans
malice
.
at
he
appointment
of
the
Palatine
,
easily
wiped
off
those
aspersions
,
and
vindicated
the
innocencie
of
them
.
Anno
Christi
1596
there
brake
forth
a
great
Plague
in
the
University
of
Heidleberg
,
A
great
plague
.
whereof
the
learned
James
Kimedontius
(
Pareus
his
intimate
friend
)
died
,
and
some
other
Professors
also
;
and
the
Students
by
reason
of
it
were
driven
away
,
yet
Pareus
stayd
,
and
it
pleased
God
to
preserve
his
Colledge
free
from
the
infection
.
Not
long
after
he
was
chosen
Professor
of
the
Old
Testament
in
the
room
of
Kimedontius
,
He
is
made
Professor
.
and
presently
after
Rector
of
the
whole
University
.
Anno
Christi
1596
he
was
extremely
troubled
with
a
Catarrh
,
Gods
mercy
.
insomuch
as
he
despaired
of
life
,
yet
it
pleased
God
after
a
while
to
restore
him
.
Anno
Christi
1602
,
upon
the
death
of
Daniel
Tossan
,
he
was
made
Professor
of
the
New
Testament
;
His
fame
.
and
grew
so
famous
,
that
many
resorted
out
of
Hungarie
,
Borussia
,
France
,
England
,
Scotland
,
Ireland
,
and
Germany
to
see
,
and
hear
him
.
Anno
Christi
1615
his
Wife
sicken'd
,
His
wife
dies
.
and
died
,
which
was
a
great
grief
to
him
.
An
Chr.
1618
,
the
Low-Countries
being
exceedingly
indangered
by
the
growth
of
Arminianism
,
the
States
appointed
a
Synod
at
Dort
,
for
the
curing
of
that
disease
;
and
amongst
other
famous
Divines
,
Pareus
He
is
chosen
to
the
Synod
at
Dort
.
was
chosen
by
the
Elector
Palatine
to
goe
to
it
,
but
he
being
grown
very
old
,
and
infirm
,
desired
to
be
excused
,
and
so
Paul
Tossan
was
sent
in
his
room
.
February
the
second
,
Anno
Christi
1620
,
as
Pareus
was
coming
out
of
his
study
,
the
steps
being
slippery
with
the
frost
,
his
foot
slipt
,
and
he
fell
down
sixteen
steps
,
and
yet
it
pleased
God
by
a
wonderful
providence
,
that
●he
light
upon
his
feet
,
and
received
no
hurt
by
the
fall
;
which
made
him
think
of
that
promise
Psal.
91
,
He
will
give
his
Angels
charge
over
thee
,
&c.
Gods
providence
.
By
his
Doctrine
,
and
Counsel
he
was
admirably
advantageous
to
the
Church
of
God
in
many
places
.
He
strongly
asserted
the
truth
of
God
against
its
adversaries
.
He
was
a
great
studier
,
and
promoter
of
the
Churches
peace
;
labouring
that
they
which
agree
in
the
Fundamentals
,
Peace
maker
.
should
not
jar
about
matters
of
an
inferiour
nature
.
He
wrote
many
excellent
Works
,
whereof
some
were
printed
by
himself
,
His
works
.
others
remained
with
his
son
Philip
Pareus
,
who
hath
since
published
them
to
the
great
benefit
of
the
Church
.
About
that
time
the
Spaniards
came
into
the
Palatinate
with
their
Army
,
which
brought
great
miseries
upon
that
poor
Country
,
The
Spaniards
come
into
the
Palatinate
.
which
Pareus
foresaw
,
both
by
Prodigies
and
Dreams
.
Then
did
his
friends
both
in
Heidleberg
and
other
places
,
perswade
him
to
retire
himself
to
some
other
place
of
safety
;
to
whom
he
yeelded
,
that
so
he
might
not
fall
into
the
hands
of
those
bloody
Papists
,
whom
he
had
irritated
by
his
writings
against
them
.
At
his
departure
,
hee
cried
out
,
O
Heidleberg
!
O
Heidleberg
!
but
it
's
better
to
fall
into
the
hands
of
God
,
then
of
men
,
whose
tender
mercies
are
cruelty
.
He
goes
to
Anvilla
.
He
went
to
Anvilla
where
he
spent
his
time
in
Prayer
,
Study
,
and
Meditation
,
waiting
,
and
longing
for
the
time
of
his
change
.
There
also
he
wrote
his
Corpus
Doctrinae
,
which
when
he
had
finished
,
he
said
,
Lord
,
now
let
thy
servant
depart
in
peace
because
he
hath
finished
that
which
he
desired
.
Death
desired
.
Presently
after
he
felt
his
strength
much
to
decay
,
and
he
fell
into
a
Feaver
;
and
finding
that
the
air
in
that
place
agreed
not
with
him
,
His
sicknesse
.
he
went
thence
to
Neapolis
;
earnestly
begging
of
God
,
that
if
it
were
his
holy
will
,
he
might
yet
returne
to
Heidleberg
,
and
lay
his
bones
there
.
He
made
his
Will
also
,
finding
his
former
Catarrh
to
return
upon
him
again
;
yet
,
through
Gods
mercy
,
and
by
the
help
of
Physicians
,
he
recovered
,
whereupon
he
resolved
to
goe
to
Heidleberg
,
and
taking
his
Grand-son
,
young
Daniel
Pareus
with
him
,
whom
he
loved
dearly
,
His
returne
to
Heidleberg
.
he
came
safely
to
Heidleberg
,
where
hee
was
received
with
wonderfull
acclamations
of
joy
;
about
which
time
Prince
Frederick
came
thither
also
from
his
Exile
;
and
the
Sabbath
following
they
received
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
together
with
much
comfort
:
But
three
dayes
after
,
his
former
disease
returning
,
he
was
sensible
of
his
approaching
death
.
The
Professors
,
and
Ministers
resorted
to
him
,
much
bewailing
their
own
loss
,
amongst
whom
was
Henry
Alting
,
to
whom
he
freely
opened
his
mind
both
concerning
Gods
house
,
and
his
own
,
and
presently
after
quietly
departed
in
the
Lord
,
His
death
.
Anno
Christi
1622
,
and
of
his
age
73.
His
Works
are
bound
up
together
in
three
volumes
.
His
workes
.
The
Life
of
Thomas
Erpenius
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1624.
THomas
Erpenius
was
born
at
G●rcome
in
the
Low
Countries
,
His
birth
and
ducation
.
Anno
Christi
1584
,
of
honest
Parents
.
In
his
childhood
he
was
bred
in
the
School
of
Leiden
,
and
admitted
into
that
University
at
eighteen
years
old
,
He
goes
to
Leiden
.
and
in
the
twenty
fifth
year
of
his
age
,
he
commenced
Master
of
Arts.
Then
he
fel
to
the
studies
of
Divinity
,
and
of
the
Oriental
Languages
under
Joseph
Scaliger
,
who
,
observing
his
ingenuity
,
and
promptnesse
,
often
foretold
what
an
eminent
man
he
would
prove
in
time
to
come
.
From
thence
he
travelled
into
England
,
France
,
Italy
,
His
travels
.
and
Germany
,
in
which
peregrinations
he
profited
exceedingly
both
in
learning
,
and
prudence
.
At
Paris
he
became
intimately
acquainted
with
Isaac
Causabon
,
and
went
with
him
to
Samure
,
where
he
fel
hard
to
the
study
of
Arabick
,
and
profited
so
exceedingly
therein
,
that
Causabone
had
him
in
great
admiration
,
and
estimation
for
the
same
:
From
thence
he
went
to
Venice
,
where
by
the
help
of
some
learned
Jews
and
T●rks
,
His
great
learning
.
he
learned
the
Turkish
,
Persian
,
and
Aethiopick
language●
,
whereby
he
gat
so
great
esteem
in
Italy
that
he
was
profered
a
Pension
of
five
hundred
Duckats
by
the
year
to
imploy
himself
in
the
version
of
some
Arabick
books
into
Latine
.
He
spent
four
years
in
travel
,
and
was
famous
every
where
for
his
learning
.
At
Paris
,
and
some
other
places
he
bought
many
Arabick
books
,
His
returne
to
Leiden
.
and
so
returned
to
Leiden
Anno
Christi
1612.
About
which
time
there
was
a
purpose
to
have
called
him
into
England
,
He
is
made
Professor
at
Leiden
.
and
to
have
allowed
him
an
honourable
stipend
,
but
the
year
after
he
was
chosen
Professor
of
the
Oriental
languages
in
Leiden
;
and
presently
after
he
set
up
(
though
with
extraordinary
charges
)
a
Press
for
those
Languages
,
whereby
he
published
many
antient
Monuments
both
of
his
own
,
and
other
mens
.
Anno
Christi
1616
he
married
a
Wife
,
His
marri●ge
.
by
whom
he
left
three
children
surviving
him
.
Anno
Christi
1619
he
was
made
Professo●
of
the
Hebrew
also
,
and
though
he
had
so
many
,
and
great
employments
,
yet
he
went
through
each
of
them
with
so
great
exactnesse
,
as
if
he
had
nothing
else
to
attend
upon
.
Anno
Christi
1620
,
he
was
sent
by
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
the
States
of
Holland
into
France
,
to
procure
Peter
Moulin
,
or
Andrew
Rivet
to
come
to
Leiden
to
be
the
Divinity
Professor
,
and
though
he
prevailed
not
at
that
journey
,
yet
they
sent
him
again
the
year
after
to
Andr.
Rivet
,
and
the
French-Church
to
obtain
of
them
their
consents
for
his
comming
,
Dr.
Rivet
brought
to
Leiden
.
which
businesse
he
transacted
with
so
great
prudence
,
that
he
brought
Andrew
Rivet
along
with
him
to
Leiden
Erpenius
his
fame
was
so
great
,
that
the
King
of
Spain
wrote
to
him
,
making
him
exceeding
great
promises
if
he
would
come
into
Spain
,
to
interpret
some
antient
writings
,
His
great
esteem
.
which
never
man
yet
could
doe
.
The
King
of
Morocco
also
did
so
exceedingly
admire
the
purity
of
his
Arabick
stile
in
some
of
his
Epistles
,
that
he
shewed
them
to
his
Nobles
,
and
other
learned
men
,
as
some
great
Miracle
.
He
was
also
highly
esteemed
of
by
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
the
States
of
Holland
,
who
often
made
use
of
his
labours
in
translating
the
letters
which
they
received
from
Princes
in
Asia
,
and
Africa
out
of
Arabick
,
or
other
Languages
:
But
whilst
he
was
thus
busily
imployed
in
publick
,
and
private
,
it
pleased
God
that
he
fell
sick
of
the
Plague
,
His
death
.
whereof
he
dyed
,
Anno
Christi
1624
,
and
of
his
age
forty
.
A.
SCVLTETVS
The
Life
of
Abraham
Scultetus
,
who
dyed
A
no
Christi
1624.
ABraham
Scultetus
was
born
at
Grunberg
in
Silesia
,
Anno
Christi
1566.
His
birth
and
education
His
Parents
were
of
good
rank
,
who
carefully
brought
him
up
at
School
,
where
he
profited
exceedingly
;
and
Anno
Christi
1582
he
went
to
Uratislavia
,
where
he
had
for
his
fellow-Students
Pitiscus
,
Polanus
,
and
Pelargus
,
men
who
after
proved
eminent
in
the
Church
of
God
:
Having
studied
there
some
time
,
He
goes
to
Friestade
.
he
went
thence
to
Freistade
to
hear
Melancthon
,
Buc●lzer
,
and
some
others
:
But
his
active
spirit
could
not
long
be
contained
within
the
bounds
of
his
own
country
,
and
therefore
being
assisted
by
the
bounty
of
a
Noble
Knight
,
he
went
to
Wittenberg
,
His
travels
.
and
from
thence
to
Dessavia
,
to
acquaint
himself
with
Peter
Martyr
,
and
Caspar
Pucer
.
Anno
Christi
1590
he
went
to
Heidleberg
,
where
hee
heard
D●niel
Tossan
,
and
Francis
Junius
:
There
also
he
read
Lectures
of
Logick
,
Oratory
,
and
Astronomy
to
divers
young
Noblemen
,
and
the
year
after
Commenced
Master
of
Arts.
Then
he
betook
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
He
studies
divinity
.
thereby
to
fit
himself
for
the
Ministry
,
which
from
his
childhood
he
had
devoted
himself
to
:
And
preaching
before
the
Elector
Palatine
,
he
so
flowed
with
eloquence
and
sweetnesse
of
speech
,
His
eloquence
.
that
the
Prince
,
and
all
his
Courtiers
were
much
delighted
in
him
;
which
caused
the
Elector
to
make
him
Visitor
both
of
the
Schools
and
Churches
:
His
employments
.
Yea
many
other
Princes
made
use
of
his
help
in
reforming
their
Churches
in
Juliers
:
Brandenburg
,
and
Hannovia
:
He
was
also
sent
to
the
Synod
of
Dort
.
Anno
Christi
1612
the
Prince
Elector
Palatine
tooke
him
into
England
with
him
,
He
goes
into
England
.
where
he
was
much
esteemed
,
and
respected
by
King
James
,
and
other
learned
men
.
At
his
retu●n
to
Heidleberg
he
was
made
Professor
in
the
University
,
He
is
made
Dr.
and
Professor
.
and
Doctor
in
Divinity
Anno
Christi
1618
:
But
about
that
time
,
grievous
Wars
breaking
forth
(
the
miseries
whereof
were
dispersed
afterwards
over
all
Germany
)
he
was
forced
to
leave
Heidleberg
,
His
afflictions
.
and
travelled
into
Bohemia
;
yet
there
also
he
met
with
many
afflictions
,
and
dangers
,
so
that
having
been
long
tossed
up
and
down
in
several
countries
,
the
Lord
at
last
provided
him
a
quiet
station
at
Embden
,
He
is
called
to
Embden
.
where
he
was
chosen
a
Preacher
of
the
Gospel
:
But
being
thus
worn
out
with
travels
,
sorrows
,
and
pains
in
the
work
of
the
Ministry
,
His
death
.
hee
quietly
there
slept
in
the
Lord
,
Anno
Christi
1624
,
and
of
his
age
58.
What
admirable
endowments
he
had
,
His
works
.
his
works
do
sufficiently
declare
,
especially
his
Medulla
Patrum
,
which
is
so
much
esteemed
by
learned
men
.
The
Life
of
John
Piscator
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1625.
JOhn
Piscator
was
born
at
Strasborough
,
His
birth
and
education
.
Anno
Christi
1546
,
at
which
time
Germany
was
on
fire
with
Civill
Wars
:
Yet
that
hindred
not
,
but
he
followed
his
studies
very
hard
,
and
profited
exceedingly
in
learning
.
When
he
came
to
the
study
of
Logick
,
with
great
felicity
he
joyned
Ramus
and
Aristotle
together
:
He
is
Professor
at
Herborn
.
And
afterwards
having
made
a
good
progresse
in
the
study
of
Divinity
,
he
was
called
to
Herborn
to
be
the
Professor
there
,
and
his
labours
were
so
gratefull
to
young
Students
,
that
many
flocked
thither
out
of
Germany
,
France
,
Hungary
,
Poland
,
and
other
Northern
Countries
.
He
wrote
many
things
with
great
diligence
,
His
works
.
Bible
translated
.
and
labour
,
scarce
affording
any
rest
to
himself
.
He
translated
the
whole
Bible
with
great
pains
,
and
faithfulnesse
into
the
German
Tongue
;
besides
his
Logical
,
and
Theological
Analysis
of
the
greatest
part
of
it
.
His
death
.
He
died
at
Herborn
Anno
Christi
1625
,
and
of
his
age
80.
R
BOLTON
The
Life
of
Robert
Bolton
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1631.
RObert
Bolton
was
born
at
Blackborn
in
Lancashire
,
Anno
Christi
1572.
His
birth
and
education
.
His
Parents
finding
in
him
a
great
promp●nesse
to
learning
,
though
they
had
no
great
means
,
yet
they
intended
him
for
a
Scholar
,
the
rather
having
an
opportunity
of
a
good
Schoolmaster
in
the
town
,
where
he
profited
exceedingly
,
and
at
twenty
years
old
he
went
to
Lincoln
Colledge
in
Oxford
,
He
goes
to
Oxford
.
and
was
Master
Randal's
Pupil
(
afterwards
a
famous
Preacher
)
there
in
a
short
time
(
being
wel
grounded
before
,
and
industrious
)
he
became
an
excellent
Logician
,
and
Philosopher
.
But
about
that
time
his
father
dying
,
and
his
meanes
failing
,
hee
took
excessive
paines
,
and
wanting
bookes
,
His
poverty
.
he
borrowed
of
his
Tutor
,
and
others
,
read
them
over
,
and
abridged
them
;
and
to
perfect
his
knowledge
in
the
Greek
,
he
wrote
out
all
Homer
with
intollerable
pains
,
so
that
he
could
with
as
much
facility
dispute
in
the
Schools
in
Greek
,
His
Industry
.
as
in
Latine
,
or
English
.
From
thence
he
removed
to
Brasen-nose
Colledge
,
because
the
Fellowships
in
that
house
belonged
to
Lancashire
,
and
Cheshire
men
;
yet
for
want
of
acquaintance
,
he
stayed
long
without
a
Fellowship
,
which
made
him
to
languish
through
want
;
but
his
deserts
being
known
,
Dr.
Bret
,
and
some
others
,
together
with
some
small
stipends
he
had
for
his
Lectures
in
that
house
,
He
is
made
a
Fellow
.
supported
him
,
till
he
gat
a
Fellowship
,
about
the
thirtieth
year
of
his
age
;
then
also
he
Commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
and
being
chosen
Lecturer
,
he
performed
it
with
such
exactness
,
that
he
grew
very
famous
.
His
Disputations
in
the
University
were
performed
with
such
acuteness
of
wit
,
and
profound
learning
,
that
he
was
chosen
by
the
Vice-chancellor
(
at
King
James
his
first
coming
to
the
University
)
to
be
one
of
the
Disputants
before
him
;
and
to
read
Natural
Philosophy
in
the
publick
Schools
:
He
was
also
well
studied
in
Metaphysicks
,
Mathematicks
,
and
School
Divinity
;
yet
all
this
while
he
had
nothing
in
him
for
Religion
,
he
loved
Stage-playes
,
Cards
,
His
Prophanesse
.
Dice
,
was
a
horrible
swearer
,
Sabbath-breaker
,
and
boon-companion
;
he
neither
loved
goodness
,
nor
good
men
.
Yet
hearing
the
fame
of
Master
Perkins
,
he
went
to
Cambridge
at
a
Cōmencement
that
he
might
hear
him
preach
,
and
having
heard
him
,
said
,
That
he
was
a
barren
empty
fellow
,
and
a
passing
mean
Scholar
;
His
judgement
of
Mr.
Perkins
.
but
when
God
changed
his
heart
,
he
changed
his
tune
,
and
said
,
That
Master
Perkins
was
as
learned
,
and
godly
a
Divine
as
our
Church
hath
in
many
yeares
enjoyed
in
so
young
a
man
.
He
had
familiar
acquaintance
with
one
Master
Anderton
,
a
good
scholar
,
His
tentation
.
his
countriman
,
and
formerly
his
schoolfellow
,
but
a
strong
Papist
,
yea
a
Priest
;
This
man
knowing
Mr.
Bolton's
good
parts
,
and
outward
wants
,
took
that
advantage
to
perswade
him
to
go
over
with
him
to
the
English
Seminarie
at
Rome
,
where
he
should
be
furnished
with
all
necessaries
,
and
have
gold
enough
.
This
motion
he
accepted
of
,
and
a
day
,
and
place
was
appointed
in
Lancashire
,
to
take
shipping
from
thence
,
and
be
gone
:
A
special
providence
.
Thither
Mr.
Bolton
repaired
at
the
time
prefixed
,
but
Anderton
came
not
,
whereby
escaping
that
snare
,
he
returned
to
Oxford
,
where
he
fell
into
acquaintance
with
Mr.
Peacock
,
a
learned
and
godly
man
,
whereby
it
pleased
God
to
bring
him
to
repentance
,
but
by
such
a
way
as
the
Lord
seldom
useth
,
but
upon
such
strong
vessels
,
His
conversion
.
as
he
intendeth
for
strong
encounters
,
and
rare
employments
,
for
the
Lord
ranne
upon
him
as
a
Gian
,
taking
him
by
the
neck
,
and
shaking
him
to
pieces
,
as
he
did
●ob
▪
beating
him
to
the
ground
as
he
did
P●ul
,
by
laying
before
him
the
ugly
visage
of
his
su●
,
His
〈◊〉
.
which
lay
so
heavy
upon
him
that
he
roared
for
anguish
of
heart
;
yea
,
it
so
affrighted
him
,
that
he
rose
somtimes
out
of
his
bed
in
the
night
,
for
very
anguish
of
spirit
;
and
to
augment
his
spiritual
misery
.
hee
was
assaulted
with
foul
temptations
,
Horribili
〈◊〉
Deo
,
te●ribilia
de
side
,
which
Luther
called
colaphum
Satanae
This
continued
for
many
moneths
,
but
God
at
last
gave
a
b●essed
issue
,
and
these
grievous
pangs
in
his
New-Birth
produced
two
admirable
effects
in
him
:
An
invincible
courage
in
the
cause
of
God
;
His
comfort
.
and
a
singular
dexterity
in
comforting
afflicted
spirits
.
Hereupon
he
resolved
to
enter
into
the
Ministry
,
He
is
ordained
Minister
.
and
was
accordingly
ordained
the
thirty
fifth
year
of
his
age
;
and
about
two
years
after
,
the
Parsonage
of
Broughton
in
Northamptonshire
falling
v●yd
,
Gods
providence
.
Serjeant
Nicols
the
P●tron
,
preferred
him
to
it
.
About
the
fortieth
year
of
his
age
he
married
Mistris
Anne
Bois
of
an
antient
family
in
Kent
,
His
marriage
.
and
to
her
care
committed
the
ordering
of
his
outward
estate
,
and
applied
himself
wholly
to
his
studies
,
and
the
work
of
the
Ministry
,
and
for
twenty
years
together
preached
twice
every
Lords
day
,
and
catechised
;
and
on
every
Holyday
,
His
great
labours
.
and
Friday
before
the
Sacrament
,
he
expounded
a
Chapter
,
whereby
he
went
over
most
of
the
Historical
books
of
the
Old
,
and
New
Testament
;
and
therein
prepared
nothing
for
his
people
,
but
what
might
have
se●ved
a
very
learned
Auditory
.
In
all
his
preaching
,
next
after
Gods
glor●
,
The
success
of
his
Ministry
.
he
●imed
at
the
Conversion
of
souls
,
and
God
crowned
his
labours
by
making
him
an
instrument
to
beget
many
sons
,
and
daughters
unto
righteousnesse
.
He
had
an
excellent
Art
in
relieving
afflicted
consciences
,
so
that
he
was
sought
to
far
,
and
near
;
yea
divers
that
lived
beyond
sea
desired
his
resolution
in
divers
Cases
of
Conscience
.
Though
in
his
preaching
he
was
a
son
of
Thunder
,
yet
to
those
that
mourned
in
spirit
,
he
was
a
sweet
son
of
Consolation
,
Preachers
pattern
.
with
a
tender
heart
pouring
the
oyl
of
mercy
into
their
bleeding
wounds
.
He
had
a
singular
skill
in
discovering
Satans
sleights
,
and
in
battering
down
his
Kingdom
.
In
all
his
Sermons
he
used
to
discover
the
filthinesse
of
sin
,
and
to
presse
hard
upon
the
Conscience
the
duties
of
Sanctification
;
yea
,
he
would
spare
none
,
great
or
small
in
their
sins
;
yet
in
reproving
sin
,
he
never
personated
any
man
to
put
him
to
shame
.
His
life
was
so
blamelesse
that
he
could
not
justly
be
taxed
by
any
,
His
holy
life
.
of
any
scandalous
sin
.
He
prayed
constantly
six
times
a
day
;
twice
with
his
family
,
twice
with
his
wife
,
and
twice
in
secret
.
His
frequent
prayers
.
He
kept
many
daies
of
private
humiliation
;
alwaies
before
the
Sacrament
,
and
upon
the
occasions
of
the
miseries
of
the
Church
at
home
,
and
abroad
,
which
he
performed
with
much
ardency
of
spirit
;
and
being
advised
by
Physicians
,
for
his
healths
sake
,
to
break
off
the
strong
intentions
of
his
studies
,
he
rejected
their
counsel
,
accounting
it
greater
riches
to
enjoy
Christ
,
Christ
preferred
before
health
.
by
those
fervent
intentions
of
his
mind
,
then
to
remit
them
for
his
healths
sake
.
He
was
of
a
comely
presence
,
his
countenance
was
so
mixed
with
gravity
,
and
austerity
,
that
it
commanded
respect
from
others
.
He
oft
refused
preferment
,
that
he
might
not
be
divorced
from
that
Country
where
his
Ministry
found
such
entertainment
,
His
humility
.
and
effect
.
He
was
universally
bountiful
;
but
especially
he
exceeded
in
those
publick
distresses
of
Germany
,
His
Charity
.
France
,
Bohemia
,
&c.
He
alwaies
spent
all
the
revenues
of
his
living
(
which
was
of
good
value
)
in
the
maintainance
of
his
Family
,
Hospitality
,
and
Charity
.
He
fell
sick
of
a
Quartane
Ague
in
September
,
Anno
Christi
1631
,
His
sicknesse
.
whereupon
finding
his
disease
to
get
strength
,
and
his
vigor
to
grow
weaker
,
he
revised
his
Will
,
and
then
wholly
retired
himself
from
the
world
,
Preparation
for
death
.
and
solaced
his
soul
with
the
Meditation
of
the
joyes
of
heaven
;
and
having
compiled
a
discourse
De
quatuor
Novissimis
;
of
Death
,
Judgment
,
Hell
,
and
Heaven
;
having
preached
over
the
three
former
,
he
told
his
people
,
that
the
next
day
he
would
preach
of
Heaven
,
but
the
Saturday
before
he
fell
so
sick
that
he
never
preached
after
.
Though
his
sicknesse
was
long
and
sharp
,
yet
he
bore
it
with
admirable
patience
;
often
breathing
forth
these
speeches
,
Oh
when
will
this
good
hour
come
!
when
shall
I
be
dissolved
!
when
shall
I
be
with
Christ
?
His
patience
.
Being
told
that
it
was
better
for
the
Church
(
if
God
would
)
for
him
to
stay
here
,
Death
desired
.
He
answered
,
If
I
shall
find
favour
in
the
eyes
of
God
he
will
bring
me
again
,
and
shew
me
both
it
,
and
his
habitation
,
and
if
otherwise
,
lo
here
I
am
,
let
him
do
what
seemeth
good
in
his
eyes
,
2
Sam.
15.
25
,
26.
His
submission
to
God
.
And
being
asked
of
another
,
if
he
could
be
content
to
live
if
God
would
grant
it
him
;
he
said
,
I
grant
that
life
is
a
great
blessing
of
God
;
neither
will
I
neglect
any
means
that
may
preserve
it
,
and
do
heartily
desire
to
submit
to
Gods
will
,
but
of
the
two
I
infinitely
more
desire
to
be
dissolved
,
and
to
be
with
Christ
.
To
those
that
came
to
visit
him
in
his
sicknesse
,
he
gave
very
godly
,
and
wise
exhortations
.
His
Thanksgiving
.
He
thanked
God
for
his
wonderful
mercy
in
pulling
him
out
of
hell
,
in
sealing
his
Ministry
by
the
Conversion
of
Souls
,
which
he
wholy
ascribed
to
his
glory
.
A
week
before
his
death
he
called
for
his
Wife
,
and
desired
her
to
bear
his
Dissolution
with
a
Christian
Fortitude
;
and
turning
to
his
children
,
he
told
them
,
that
they
should
not
now
expect
that
in
regard
of
his
weaknesse
he
should
say
any
thing
to
them
;
he
had
formerly
told
them
enough
,
and
hoped
they
would
remember
it
,
His
admonition
to
his
children
.
and
hee
verily
beleeved
that
none
of
them
durst
think
to
meet
him
at
the
great
Tribunal
of
Christ
,
in
an
unregenerate
state
.
Some
of
his
neighbours
moved
,
that
as
he
had
in
his
Ministry
discovered
to
them
the
exceeding
comforts
that
were
in
Christ
,
so
he
would
now
tel
them
what
he
felt
in
his
soul
:
Alass
!
sayd
he
;
doe
you
looke
for
that
now
from
me
,
that
want
breath
and
power
to
speake
?
I
have
told
you
enough
in
my
Ministry
;
yet
to
satisfie
you
,
I
am
,
by
the
wonderful
mercies
of
God
,
as
full
of
comfort
as
my
heart
can
hold
,
His
joy
unspeakable
.
and
feel
nothing
in
my
soul
but
Christ
,
with
whom
I
heartily
desire
to
be
.
Then
seeing
some
weeping
,
he
said
,
Oh
what
a
deal
ado
there
is
before
one
can
dye
?
When
the
very
pangs
of
Death
were
upon
him
,
some
of
his
dear
friends
coming
to
take
their
leave
of
him
,
he
caused
himself
to
be
raised
up
,
and
after
a
few
gapings
for
breath
,
he
said
to
them
,
I
am
now
drawing
on
a
pace
to
my
Dissolution
;
His
speech
to
his
friends
.
hold
out
Faith
,
and
Patience
,
your
work
will
quickly
be
at
an
end
.
Then
shaking
them
by
the
hand
,
he
desired
them
to
make
sure
of
heaven
,
and
to
remember
what
hee
had
formerly
taught
them
,
protesting
that
it
was
the
Truth
of
God
,
as
he
should
answer
it
at
the
Tribunal
of
Christ
,
before
whom
he
should
shortly
appeare
:
and
a
dear
friend
taking
him
by
the
hand
,
aske
him
if
hee
felt
not
much
pain
:
Truly
no
(
said
he
)
the
greatest
I
feel
,
is
your
cold
hand
;
and
then
being
laid
down
againe
,
not
long
after
he
yeelded
up
his
spirit
unto
God
,
His
death
.
Anno
Christi
1631
,
and
of
his
age
60.
He
was
one
of
a
thousand
for
Piety
and
Courage
,
which
were
so
excellently
mixed
with
wisdom
,
that
they
who
imagined
mischief
against
his
Ministry
,
were
never
able
by
all
their
plottings
to
doe
him
any
more
hurt
,
then
only
to
shew
their
teeth
.
He
wrote
a
discourse
of
true
happiness
.
His
works
.
Directions
for
a
comfortable
walking
with
God
.
Ins●●utions
for
comforting
afflicted
Consciences
.
A
threefold
Treatise
,
of
the
World
,
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
,
and
Fasting
,
De
quatuor
novissimis
.
Laus
Deo
.
W.
WHATELIE
The
Life
of
William
Whately
,
who
died
A
no
Christi
1639.
WIlliam
Whately
was
born
at
Banbury
in
Oxfordshire
,
His
birth
,
parentage
,
and
education
.
Anno
Christi
1583
,
of
godly
and
religious
Parents
:
His
Father
Master
Thomas
Whatelie
was
oft
Major
of
that
Town
.
His
Mother
Mistris
Joyce
Whately
carefully
bred
him
up
in
the
knowledge
of
the
Scriptures
from
a
child
.
He
was
also
trained
up
in
learning
in
the
best
Schools
in
those
parts
,
and
being
of
a
quick
apprehension
,
a
clear
judgement
,
and
a
most
happy
memory
;
He
profited
so
much
both
in
Latine
,
Greek
,
and
Hebrew
,
that
at
fourteen
yeares
old
he
went
to
Christs
Colledge
in
Cambridge
.
He
goes
to
Cambridge
.
There
he
was
an
hard
Student
,
and
quickly
became
a
good
Logician
,
and
Philosopher
,
a
strong
Disputant
,
and
an
excellent
Orator
.
He
studied
also
Poetrie
,
and
Mathematicks
.
He
was
a
constant
hearer
of
Doctor
Chaderton
,
and
Master
Perkins
:
And
his
Tutor
calling
his
Pupills
to
an
account
what
they
had
learned
,
His
excellent
memory
.
when
any
was
at
a
stand
,
he
would
say
,
Whately
,
what
say
you
?
And
he
would
repeat
as
readily
as
if
he
had
preached
the
Sermon
himself
.
Being
Batechelor
of
Arts
,
his
Father
tooke
him
home
,
yet
there
also
he
followed
his
study
.
Afterwards
he
married
a
Wife
,
the
Daughter
of
Master
George
Hunt
,
His
marriage
.
an
eminent
Preacher
,
who
perswaded
him
to
enter
into
the
Ministry
;
and
therefore
going
to
Oxford
,
he
Commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
and
presently
after
hee
was
called
to
be
a
Lecturer
at
Banbury
,
He
is
called
to
Banbury
.
which
he
performed
with
good
approbation
for
foure
yeares
,
and
then
was
called
to
the
Pastoral
charge
there
,
in
which
place
he
continued
untill
his
death
.
He
was
of
a
quick
understanding
,
of
a
clear
,
and
deep
judgement
,
His
character
.
of
a
most
firme
memory
;
and
of
a
lively
spirit
.
Hee
was
naturally
Eloquent
,
and
had
words
at
will
:
His
eloquence
.
He
was
of
an
able
body
,
and
sound
lungs
,
and
of
a
strong
and
audible
voice
.
And
according
to
his
matter
in
hand
,
he
was
a
Boa●erges
,
a
sonne
of
Thunder
;
Preachers
pa●te●n
.
and
yet
upon
occasion
,
a
Barnabas
,
a
sonne
of
sweet
Consolation
;
and
which
was
the
Crowne
of
all
,
God
gave
him
an
heart
,
sincerely
to
seek
his
glory
,
and
to
aime
at
the
saving
of
all
their
soules
that
heard
him
.
His
speech
and
praching
was
not
in
the
inticing
words
of
mans
wisdom●
but
in
the
Demonstration
of
the
Spirit
and
Power
:
He
was
an
Apollos
,
eloquent
,
and
mighty
in
the
Scriptures
,
He
catechized
,
and
preached
twice
every
Lords
day
,
and
a
weakly
Lecture
besides
,
yet
what
he
preached
was
before
well
studyed
and
premeditated
.
His
great
labours
.
He
usually
penned
his
Sermons
at
large
;
and
if
he
had
but
so
much
time
as
to
read
over
what
he
had
written
,
and
to
gather
it
up
into
short
heads
,
he
was
able
to
deliver
it
well
near
in
the
same
words
.
His
Sermons
were
plaine
,
The
method
in
Sermons
.
yet
very
Scriptural
,
according
to
the
Rules
of
Art
,
and
right
reason
.
Hee
made
use
of
his
Grammar
learning
in
Greek
and
Hebrew
to
examine
his
Text
by
:
Then
of
Rhetorick
to
discover
what
formes
of
speech
in
his
Text
were
genuine
,
and
used
in
their
proper
signification
,
and
what
was
elegantly
clothed
in
Tropes
and
Figures
that
hee
might
unfold
them
.
Then
by
a
Logicall
examining
of
the
context
,
he
searched
out
the
true
scope
of
the
Holy
Ghost
in
the
words
.
His
Doctrines
which
hee
insisted
on
were
naturall
,
not
forced
.
These
he
first
proved
by
Scriptures
,
then
by
other
arguments
,
and
reasons
;
and
in
his
Applications
,
he
either
confirmed
some
profitable
truth
which
might
be
questioned
,
or
convinced
men
of
some
error
,
or
reproved
some
vice
,
or
exhorted
to
some
duty
,
or
resolved
some
doubt
,
or
case
of
Conscience
;
or
comforted
such
as
needed
consolation
:
And
if
his
reproof
,
or
exhortation
needed
pressing
home
upon
the
conscience
,
he
would
enlarge
himselfe
,
by
shewing
motives
to
urge
the
duty
;
or
disswasives
from
the
vice
,
taking
his
Arguments
from
duty
to
God
,
decency
,
or
shamefulnesse
,
pleasure
,
or
paine
,
gaine
or
losse
.
Sometimes
also
hee
would
shew
the
effectuall
meanes
of
attaining
the
grace
,
or
power
to
performe
the
duty
exhorted
to
.
As
also
the
Remedies
against
Vices
:
And
when
hee
fell
upon
any
Common
place
,
or
Head
of
Divinity
,
hee
used
to
prosecute
it
very
judiciously
,
and
profitably
.
So
that
by
all
this
it
appeares
that
hee
made
good
use
of
his
Learning
,
His
manner
of
Reading
.
yet
without
affectation
.
He
used
to
read
Books
most
swiftly
,
and
yet
not
cursorily
;
being
able
,
when
he
had
done
,
to
give
an
account
of
the
substance
,
and
most
remarkable
passages
of
what
he
had
read
.
Though
he
preached
often
,
yet
what
he
preached
was
before-hand
well
studied
,
Conversion
wrought
by
him
.
and
premeditated
.
And
it
pleased
God
to
put
a
Seal
to
his
Ministry
,
in
the
converting
,
confirming
,
and
building
up
many
thousands
in
the
course
of
his
Ministry
.
Hee
was
a
diligent
visitor
of
the
sick
under
his
charge
,
without
respect
of
persons
.
Peace-maker
.
Hee
was
a
great
Peace-maker
amongst
any
of
his
flock
that
were
at
variance
.
Hee
had
an
heavenly
gift
in
prayer
,
both
for
aptnesse
,
His
excellency
in
p●ayer
.
and
fulnesse
of
Confessions
,
Petitions
,
Supplications
,
Intercessions
,
and
Praises
,
together
with
fervencie
of
spirit
to
pour
them
out
to
God
in
the
name
of
Christ
.
When
he
had
read
a
Psalm
,
His
family
duties
.
or
Chapter
in
his
Family
,
in
his
Prayer
hee
would
discover
the
scope
,
meaning
,
and
chiefe
notes
of
observation
,
and
their
use
,
so
that
his
Prayer
was
an
excellent
Commentary
thereupon
;
and
this
,
not
onely
in
the
plainer
,
but
●n
the
harder
Texts
of
Scripture
also
.
In
his
prayers
also
after
Sermon
he
could
collect
into
a
short
summe
all
that
hee
had
delivered
to
his
hearers
,
and
make
it
the
matter
of
his
prayer
unto
God
,
His
prudence
.
that
they
might
bee
inwardly
taught
of
God
,
and
become
believers
and
doers
of
what
was
taught
them
.
His
constant
practice
was
,
besides
Family-prayer
twice
a
day
,
and
sometimes
catechizing
,
to
pray
also
with
his
Wife
,
and
alone
,
both
morning
and
evening
.
He
set
a
part
private
daies
of
Humiliation
for
his
Family
upon
special
occasions
,
His
fasting
.
and
oft
for
their
preparation
to
the
Lords
Supper
;
at
which
times
he
would
exceed
himself
in
pouring
out
his
soul
to
God
with
many
tears
.
He
was
much
in
daies
of
private
fasting
,
and
humbling
himself
alone
before
God
,
which
impaired
his
health
,
but
made
much
for
the
health
of
his
soul.
He
was
very
able
,
and
very
ready
to
confer
with
,
and
to
resolve
the
doubts
of
such
as
came
to
him
.
He
bare
such
a
tender
love
to
that
great
people
over
which
God
had
set
him
,
His
humility
.
that
,
though
his
means
was
small
,
and
he
had
many
offers
of
great
preferment
in
the
Church
,
yet
hee
would
not
leave
them
.
Hee
was
daily
inquisitive
after
the
affaires
of
Gods
Church
,
and
sympathized
with
Gods
people
both
in
their
weale
and
woe
.
He
was
much
grieved
when
he
saw
that
difference
in
opinions
bred
strangenesse
amongst
Christians
,
that
agreed
in
the
same
Fundamentall
Truths
.
His
charity
.
He
was
judiciously
charitable
to
such
as
shewed
the
power
of
Godlinesse
in
their
lives
,
though
they
were
not
of
his
judgement
in
all
things
.
He
was
glad
when
any
of
the
righteous
smote
him
,
and
would
take
it
well
,
not
from
his
Superiours
onely
,
but
from
his
Equals
,
and
far
Inferiours
;
and
would
really
shew
more
testimonies
of
his
love
to
such
afterwards
then
ever
he
did
before
.
Hee
abounded
in
workes
of
Mercy
,
he
was
a
truly
liberal
man
,
one
that
studyed
liberall
things
,
seeking
out
to
finde
objects
of
his
mercie
,
rather
then
staying
till
they
were
offered
:
He
did
set
apart
,
and
expend
for
many
yeares
together
for
good
uses
the
tenth
part
of
his
yearly
commings
in
,
both
out
of
his
Temporall
,
and
Ecclesiasticall
meanes
of
maintenance
.
He
entertained
some
poor
Widdows
,
or
nece●●itous
persons
,
weekly
at
the
least
,
at
his
Table
;
and
his
estate
prospered
the
better
after
hee
took
this
course
;
and
in
his
sicknesse
he
comforted
himself
with
that
promise
,
Psal.
41.
1
,
2.
Blessed
is
he
that
considereth
the
poor
,
the
Lor●
will
deliver
him
in
the
time
of
trouble
,
the
Lord
will
strengthen
him
upon
the
bed
of
languishing
,
&c.
The
truth
of
grace
in
his
heart
was
discovered
by
nothing
more
then
by
his
slips
and
strong
tentations
:
He
gained
by
his
falls
.
For
hereby
hee
was
made
more
watchfull
over
himselfe
,
more
humble
,
and
more
to
loath
his
originall
corruption
,
and
sinfull
nature
;
and
so
to
cry
out
with
the
Apostle
,
O
wretched
man
that
I
am
,
who
shall
deliver
me
from
the
body
of
this
death
?
Yea
this
made
him
more
earnest
in
his
prayers
unto
God
,
and
more
pittifull
unto
others
:
And
hee
was
alwayes
the
first
espier
of
his
own
faults
when
the
world
could
not
,
or
did
not
take
notice
of
them
,
enjoying
no
rest
in
himselfe
till
he
had
sought
,
and
regained
pardon
,
and
peace
with
God
.
His
last
daies
were
his
best
dayes
,
for
then
hee
grew
exceedingly
in
humility
,
and
in
heavenly-mindednesse
.
And
a
good
while
before
his
latter
end
,
God
gave
him
victory
over
his
greatest
corruptions
,
which
for
a
long
time
kept
him
in
continuall
exercise
.
About
eight
weeks
before
his
death
,
His
sicknesse
.
he
was
much
troubled
with
a
cough
,
and
shortnesse
of
breath
,
which
much
weakned
him
,
yet
hee
preached
divers
times
,
till
his
encreasing
weaknesse
disabled
him
.
His
exhortation
to
his
friends
.
In
his
sicknesse
he
gave
heavenly
and
wholsom
counsel
to
his
people
,
neighbours
,
and
friends
that
came
to
visit
him
,
exhorting
them
to
labour
to
redeem
the
time
,
to
be
much
in
reading
,
hearing
,
and
meditating
upon
the
word
of
God
,
much
in
praier
,
brotherly
love
,
and
communion
of
Saints
,
and
that
they
would
be
careful
to
hold
that
fast
that
he
had
taught
them
out
of
the
Word
of
Truth
,
and
that
wai●st
the
means
of
salvation
was
to
bee
had
,
they
would
neither
spare
paines
nor
cost
to
enjoy
it
.
His
pains
towards
his
end
were
very
great
,
yet
hee
bore
them
patiently
.
His
patience
.
He
was
much
in
ejaculations
,
and
lifting
up
his
heart
to
God
in
behalf
of
the
Church
and
State
,
and
for
himself
also
,
wherein
he
was
most
frequent
and
earnest
.
A
little
before
his
death
,
a
godly
friend
and
Minister
praying
with
him
,
that
if
his
time
were
not
expired
,
God
would
bee
pleased
to
restore
him
for
the
good
of
his
Church
,
or
,
if
otherwise
,
that
he
would
put
an
end
to
his
pains
,
if
hee
saw
good
;
he
lifting
up
his
eyes
stedfastly
towards
heaven
,
and
one
of
his
hands
,
in
the
close
of
that
prayer
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
His
death
.
shutting
his
eyes
himself
,
as
if
he
were
fallen
into
a
sweet
sleep
,
Anno
1639
,
and
of
his
Age
56.
God
took
him
away
a
little
before
the
Civill
Warres
began
,
Note
.
and
before
the
sad
desolations
that
fell
upon
the
Town
of
Banbury
in
particular
.
He
wrote
Prototypes
.
God
Husbandry
.
A
Treatise
of
the
New
Birth
.
His
works
.
The
Redemption
of
time
.
A
Care
cloth
.
The
Bride
bush
,
&c.
The
Life
of
Anthony
Wallaeus
,
who
died
Anno
Christi
1639.
ANthony
Wallaeus
was
descended
of
the
ancient
family
de
Wale
in
the
City
of
Gaunt
,
His
parentage
.
where
his
Predecessors
had
born
sundry
offices
from
the
year
1345
to
that
present
time
;
his
Father
was
James
Wallaeus
,
who
was
brought
up
in
the
Family
of
Count
Egmond
,
who
lost
his
head
by
the
Spanish
tyranny
.
His
Mother
was
Margaret
Wagenaer
,
a
beautifull
and
pious
Matron
,
of
an
illustrious
Family
,
His
birth
.
and
powerfull
Kindred
.
Our
Anthony
was
born
Octob.
3.
Anno
Chr.
1573
,
in
the
City
of
Gaunt
,
just
at
the
same
time
when
the
Duke
de
Alva
(
after
all
his
cruelties
exercised
in
the
Low
Countryes
)
returned
into
Spain
.
His
Mother
in
his
childhood
was
very
carefull
to
traine
him
up
in
the
Rudiments
of
piety
,
His
education
.
and
good
manners
,
and
his
Father
was
as
careful
to
give
him
liberall
education
:
For
which
end
,
when
he
could
read
,
and
write
reasonable
well
,
at
eight
years
old
he
committed
him
to
the
care
of
Titus
ab
Edingen
,
a
Minister
,
to
be
taught
the
Latine
tongue
.
The
boy
was
very
beautifull
,
of
a
ruddy
colour
,
of
a
sweet
,
and
pleasing
conversation
,
and
therefore
his
Master
loved
him
above
all
his
other
Scholars
.
Not
long
after
this
Titus
of
Edingen
was
called
into
Holland
to
be
Minister
at
Saint
Hildegond
near
to
Harlem
,
whereupon
our
Anthony
was
necessitated
to
return
to
his
parents
at
Gaunt
,
and
was
by
his
Father
committed
to
the
care
of
Samuel
Lansberg
,
a
Minister
in
that
City
,
to
be
by
him
further
instructed
in
the
Latine
tongue
.
About
this
time
the
City
of
Gaunt
was
full
of
factions
,
and
divisions
,
so
that
his
Father
(
for
favouring
the
Prince
of
Orange
)
was
clapt
up
in
prison
;
whereupon
our
Anthony
returned
home
to
his
Mother
,
and
by
his
prompt
obedience
,
sweet
manners
,
&
childish
blandishments
,
was
a
great
comfort
to
her
during
the
time
of
her
husbands
close
imprisonment
:
But
at
last
his
Father
was
set
free
,
who
considering
the
troublesom
state
of
the
City
,
and
not
knowing
what
might
be
the
issue
,
sent
away
all
his
most
precious
moveables
to
Delph
in
Holland
.
Shortly
after
Gaunt
was
besieged
by
the
Prince
of
Parma
,
which
being
foreseen
by
Jam.
Wallaeus
,
he
had
made
such
provision
before
hand
,
that
he
lived
quietly
,
and
comfortably
during
all
the
siege
:
But
at
last
the
City
was
to
be
surrendred
upon
Articles
,
amongst
which
this
was
one
,
that
six
such
Citizens
should
be
delivered
up
to
the
Prince
,
as
he
should
nominate
;
James
Wallaeus
,
upon
good
grounds
,
suspecting
that
he
should
be
one
of
the
six
,
a
few
dayes
before
the
surrender
,
privately
stole
out
of
the
City
,
and
went
to
Walochrta
:
His
Wife
Margaret
staying
at
Gaunt
to
dispose
of
her
goods
,
was
so
vexed
,
and
abused
by
the
Citizens
,
that
she
resolved
rather
to
leave
part
of
them
,
and
goe
her
wayes
,
then
to
stay
there
any
longer
;
and
because
all
were
forbidden
to
depart
from
the
City
,
taking
her
son
Anthony
,
who
was
now
tenne
years
old
,
and
her
two
daughtets
,
they
stole
away
in
the
night
,
and
went
on
foot
to
Philippine
.
And
shortly
after
not
onely
the
Citizens
of
Gaunt
,
but
of
all
the
neighbouring
places
did
so
molest
,
and
abuse
the
Protestants
,
that
they
forced
them
to
leave
their
habitations
,
A
persecution
in
Flanders
.
and
to
seeke
for
refuge
in
other
Countries
,
most
of
which
went
into
Zeland
,
which
of
all
other
places
shewed
the
most
humanity
,
bounty
,
and
hospitality
to
these
p●o●
exiles
.
Yet
lest
under
pretence
of
flight
the
enemies
should
mingle
themselves
amongst
the
Protestants
,
and
so
make
some
ate●pt
upon
the
Isles
of
Zeland
,
the
Zelander●
sent
some
ships
of
War
to
Philippine
under
the
conduct
of
James
Wallaeus
,
with
a
special
charge
that
none
should
be
brought
out
of
Flanders
into
Zeland
,
but
such
as
he
should
approve
of
.
In
the
mean
time
Margaret
,
and
our
Anthony
went
to
Delph
in
Holland
,
to
fetch
away
their
goods
which
formerly
were
sent
thither
;
but
their
friend
to
whom
they
had
sent
them
,
denyed
that
great
part
of
them
ever
came
to
his
hands
,
and
they
wanting
sufficient
proof
,
were
faign
to
take
such
as
he
acknowledged
,
and
so
they
returned
to
Middleborough
.
James
Wallaeus
had
so
well
demeaned
himself
in
the
aforementioned
imployment
,
that
the
President
of
Zeland
,
who
had
formerly
known
him
at
Gaunt
,
committed
to
his
care
the
custody
of
the
Magazine
for
Provision
,
and
Ammunition
;
and
because
he
would
not
wholly
trust
his
servants
in
so
weighty
a
businesse
,
he
imployed
his
son
Anthony
to
have
an
oversight
of
them
,
who
,
though
he
was
but
11.
years
old
,
yet
was
serious
and
prudent
above
his
Age.
His
place
was
to
see
such
things
as
his
Father
bought
,
laid
up
the
Publick
Granary
and
Armory
;
as
also
to
see
them
delivered
out
and
divided
to
the
several
Cities
as
he
was
appointed
,
and
to
acquaint
his
Father
where
there
was
any
want
:
And
thus
he
was
imployed
for
two
years
,
at
the
end
whereof
his
Father
resolved
to
settle
him
with
his
Mother
at
Middleborough
,
that
he
might
be
fitted
for
some
honest
course
of
life
▪
But
having
lost
much
of
his
Estate
by
his
Exile
,
and
his
Family
being
encreased
by
the
birth
of
two
sons
,
he
durst
not
think
of
training
him
up
in
Learning
,
as
formerly
he
had
determined
:
wherefore
that
he
might
be
fitter
for
any
future
imployment
,
he
placed
him
with
Jodocus
Larenus
,
a
Publick
Notary
,
a
man
of
much
experience
,
of
a
great
judgement
,
and
of
unspotted
honesty
,
with
whom
by
his
daily
practise
he
attained
to
much
swiftness
in
writing
:
and
as
things
were
related
to
him
,
he
could
readily
apprehend
,
fitly
word
them
,
and
draw
them
into
a
publick
instrument
in
good
order
:
which
some
Merchants
taking
notice
of
,
each
of
them
strove
to
get
him
into
his
Family
,
profering
him
good
pay
for
his
pains
:
But
our
Anthony
being
not
yet
resolved
what
course
of
life
to
follow
,
continued
three
years
with
Larenus
.
At
the
end
whereof
lying
one
night
with
his
Father
on
the
straw
,
he
had
a
sudden
instinct
that
God
had
designed
him
for
the
Work
of
the
Ministry
,
and
these
thoughts
did
so
follow
him
night
and
day
wheresoever
,
and
about
whatsoever
he
was
,
that
he
could
not
blot
them
out
of
his
memory
.
Hereupon
at
last
he
resolved
to
dedicate
himself
to
his
studies
;
and
having
gotten
leave
of
his
Father
,
He
goes
to
school
.
he
went
to
the
Grammer
School
in
Middleborough
,
the
chief
Master
whereof
was
Iames
Gruter
,
a
painful
man
,
and
well
versed
both
in
Greek
and
Latine
:
He
had
also
for
his
assistant
Iohn
Murdison
,
who
was
an
acute
and
solid
Philosopher
.
This
Murdison
lived
with
Gruter
,
who
being
desirous
to
finde
out
the
ingenie
of
our
Anthony
,
he
placed
him
at
Gruters
Table
;
yet
least
he
should
be
drawn
aside
by
rude
lads
,
his
Parents
would
have
him
daily
to
come
home
to
supper
.
With
these
Masters
hee
lived
six
years
,
His
proficiency
.
and
profited
so
much
under
them
that
he
could
make
elegant
Verses
,
and
pronounce
Orations
publickly
,
which
Gruter
thought
fit
both
for
his
own
and
his
Scholars
credit
to
publish
in
Print
:
Neither
did
he
profit
less
in
the
Greek
Tongue
,
so
that
he
made
excellent
Greek
Verses
which
also
were
printed
:
He
laid
solid
foundations
also
of
Philosophy
,
so
that
his
Masters
caused
him
to
keep
publick
Disputations
about
sundry
controversies
in
Philosophy
:
He
was
so
studious
,
that
that
time
which
other
boys
spent
in
play
,
he
refreshed
himself
by
variety
of
studies
.
His
Masters
now
finding
him
fit
,
resolved
to
send
him
to
the
University
,
where
he
might
better
be
instructed
in
the
Arts
then
he
could
be
in
that
School
.
He
goes
to
Leiden
.
For
which
end
he
went
to
Leiden
in
April
,
Anno
Christi
1596.
and
sojourned
in
the
house
of
Thomas
Spranckhusius
,
Minister
of
Leiden
:
and
presently
began
to
consider
how
he
might
best
imploy
himself
for
the
advancement
of
his
studies
,
whereas
other
boys
used
to
spend
the
first
year
in
looking
about
them
:
And
he
resolved
to
go
on
in
this
method
:
The
method
of
his
studies
.
First
to
perfect
his
knowledge
in
the
Tongues
,
then
of
Philosophy
,
and
at
last
to
proceed
to
the
study
of
Divinity
:
And
that
he
might
perfect
his
skill
in
the
Greek
,
he
resolved
to
read
over
the
Poets
,
who
best
express
the
genius
of
the
Language
,
and
amongst
them
he
made
choice
of
Homer
,
because
he
useth
every
Dialect
,
his
speech
flows
pleasingly
,
and
he
makes
his
Reader
more
wise
:
and
that
he
might
better
pierce
into
the
profundity
of
that
Language
,
upon
every
occasion
he
consults
with
Joseph
Scaliger
,
a
man
of
stupendious
Learning
,
to
whom
Wallaeus
was
always
very
dear
,
and
he
was
much
delighted
with
his
wit
.
Afterwards
from
Greek
he
proceeded
to
the
study
of
Hebrew
,
wherein
he
was
assisted
by
Francis
Rapbelingius
,
a
very
courteous
man
:
but
he
shortly
after
dying
,
and
Francis
Iunius
being
chosen
into
his
room
,
our
Wallaeus
profited
so
much
under
him
,
that
he
could
understand
the
Books
of
the
Old
Testament
without
an
Interpreter
:
He
proceeded
not
to
the
study
of
the
Rabbins
,
because
he
judged
that
they
that
bestow
much
time
in
the
study
of
the
Tongues
,
are
very
seldom
good
Artists
.
For
mans
minde
cannot
contain
all
things
:
the
knowledge
of
the
Tongues
will
take
up
the
whole
man
:
and
therefore
our
Wallaeus
whilst
he
studyed
the
Languages
laid
aside
all
other
studies
;
only
sometimes
for
recreation-sake
he
would
read
over
some
old
Latine
Authors
,
Historians
,
Poets
,
and
Orators
.
When
he
was
well
furnished
with
the
Tongues
,
he
went
to
the
study
of
Philosophy
;
but
finding
that
Leiden
at
that
time
was
not
well
furnished
with
Philosophers
,
he
attended
the
Lectures
of
Raph
Snel
,
the
Mathematick
Professor
,
under
whom
he
learned
Geometry
,
Astronomy
,
and
the
Opticks
,
which
proved
very
useful
to
his
future
studies
.
In
his
study
of
Logick
he
made
use
of
Keckerman
,
The
Authors
which
he
read
.
to
whom
he
added
Zabarel
,
Monlor
,
and
some
others
:
In
Physicks
he
used
Tolet
,
Zabarel
,
Picholhomini
:
In
Ethicks
he
was
most
taken
with
Accioalus
:
yet
he
read
Picholhomini
,
Magirus
,
Muret
,
Quarsius
Metaphysicks
:
He
read
over
also
Thomas
and
Scotus
,
after
which
he
proceeded
to
Plato
and
Aristotle
,
whom
he
read
in
their
own
Language
wherein
they
are
most
perfect
.
To
these
he
added
Plotinus
,
Ficinus
,
Simplicius
,
Aphrodisaeus
,
and
Averrhoes
:
And
in
these
studies
he
could
the
better
proceed
without
help
,
because
he
had
been
well
grounded
in
all
the
parts
of
Philosophy
by
his
Master
Murdison
;
and
indeed
he
made
such
a
progress
therein
that
he
exceeded
all
his
contemporaries
,
so
that
in
his
Disputations
he
often
gravelled
the
Moderators
themselves
:
For
he
was
prompt
and
subtile
in
Invention
,
clear
in
Explication
,
and
sharp
in
pressing
home
his
Arguments
.
The
chiefest
scope
which
he
proposed
to
himself
in
the
study
of
Philosophy
was
to
further
him
in
Divinity
,
and
therefore
judging
it
necessary
to
have
the
advice
and
assistance
of
some
able
Divine
,
with
the
good
leave
of
Spranckhusius
,
he
removed
to
the
table
of
Francis
Gomarus
,
hiring
a
chamber
in
the
next
house
,
till
he
could
get
a
lodging
in
Gomarus
his
house
,
which
fell
out
within
some
few
moneths
after
.
At
this
time
Francis
Junius
was
made
Professor
of
Divinity
,
a
Divine
of
profound
Learning
,
Grave
,
and
of
a
deep
Judgment
:
as
also
Luke
Tralcatius
,
the
Father
,
a
solid
Divine
:
and
Francis
Gomarus
a
man
of
much
Learning
and
servent
Piety
:
But
Wallaeus
preferred
Iunius
above
all
,
and
therefore
endevoured
to
follow
his
example
.
Yet
taking
Gomarus
his
counsel
,
he
did
not
begin
his
study
of
Divinity
by
reading
Common
places
,
He
studies
Divinity
.
least
being
led
with
other
mens
opinions
,
and
thereby
prepossessed
with
prejudice
,
he
should
be
led
aside
from
the
Truth
:
But
he
first
read
the
several
forms
of
Concord
of
the
reformed
Churches
,
the
Catechism
of
Heidleberg
and
the
Belgick
Confession
of
Faith
,
and
so
wholly
betook
himself
to
the
reading
of
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
which
he
read
with
great
attention
and
assiduity
,
getting
the
chiefest
heads
of
Doctrine
by
heart
:
He
learns
the
Scriptures
by
heart
.
So
that
when
he
was
old
he
could
repeat
without
Book
the
Epistle
to
the
Romans
,
the
second
to
the
Corinthians
,
to
the
Galathians
,
Ephesians
,
and
Philippians
:
But
he
read
them
all
in
the
Originals
,
so
that
in
his
Sermons
he
was
very
ready
in
the
words
of
Scripture
.
Yet
finding
that
by
reading
the
Scripture
alone
,
he
could
hardly
comprehend
in
his
minde
the
whole
Body
of
Doctrine
,
being
now
well
versed
in
the
Scriptures
,
he
betook
himself
to
the
Theological
Institutions
of
Bucanus
,
He
studies
the
body
of
Divinity
.
that
so
he
might
at
once
see
into
the
whole
compendium
of
Divinity
:
yet
did
he
not
stay
long
upon
a
Compendium
,
but
proceeded
to
the
study
of
Calvins
Institutions
,
and
Peter
Martyrs
Common
places
:
yet
was
he
best
pleased
with
Martyr
,
because
he
handled
the
whole
Doctrine
plainly
,
discoursed
largely
of
Controversies
,
and
answered
them
solidly
.
Whilst
he
was
thus
busied
,
Luke
Tralcatius
first
,
and
after
him
Francis
Gomarus
began
privately
to
read
Common
places
,
whom
he
resolved
to
hear
,
because
in
private
they
handled
all
thing
more
familiarly
and
largely
then
in
publick
:
yet
especially
he
attended
the
publick
Lectures
,
because
they
were
more
accurate
and
learned
;
and
if
after
the
Lectures
he
doubted
of
any
thing
,
he
repaired
to
them
in
private
for
further
satisfaction
.
When
he
had
profited
well
in
the
study
of
Common
places
,
He
studies
Commentaries
.
he
proceeded
to
the
reading
of
Commentaries
upon
the
Sacred
Scriptures
:
and
first
be
read
over
Piscators
Analysis
,
whereby
he
might
get
the
whole
context
of
each
part
of
Scripture
into
his
minde
:
then
for
the
sense
of
the
Scripture
he
read
Calvin
,
whom
he
used
to
call
A
Divine
Interpreter
.
To
whom
in
his
reading
of
the
New
Testament
he
adjoyned
Beza
:
and
in
reading
of
the
Old
Testament
,
Mercer
,
and
Arias
Montanus
,
whereby
he
might
attain
to
the
knowledge
of
the
Governments
and
Rites
amongst
the
Iews
,
without
the
knowledge
whereof
it
is
impossible
to
attain
to
the
sense
of
many
texts
of
Scripture
.
Wallaeus
having
now
read
much
,
His
publick
Disputations
.
and
heard
long
,
began
to
prepare
himself
for
action
,
and
disputed
publickly
three
times
:
De
vera
Theologia
,
De
Mysterio
Trinitatis
,
Et
de
Christi
mediatoris
Officio
:
By
which
Disputations
he
procured
to
himself
much
admiration
:
For
being
excellently
versed
in
Philosophy
,
he
answered
to
the
terms
appositly
:
and
being
very
ready
in
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
he
always
closed
up
his
answer
with
some
sutable
Tex●
,
which
was
very
grateful
to
the
hearers
:
He
also
sometimes
preached
in
private
,
being
directed
therein
by
Luke
Tralcatius
,
His
first
sermon
.
an
Eloquent
Preacher
:
and
the
first
publick
Sermon
which
he
preached
was
at
Voorschoten
,
in
a
great
concourse
of
people
,
who
expected
no
ordinary
thing
from
him
.
And
so
Wallaeus
was
now
judged
fit
by
his
Masters
to
enter
into
the
Ministry
:
But
though
he
abundantly
satisfied
others
,
yet
could
he
not
satisfie
himself
:
whereupon
he
resolved
before
he
undertook
that
great
and
difficult
work
,
that
he
would
consult
with
other
learned
men
,
and
visit
Forreign
Universities
,
and
see
into
the
Government
of
other
Churches
,
especially
of
Geneva
and
Helvetia
,
whence
Reformation
at
first
proceeded
;
His
travels
into
France
.
and
therefore
getting
one
Apollonius
Schot
for
his
companion
,
who
was
the
Consuls
son
of
Middleborough
,
Anno
Christi
1590.
he
sailed
from
Flushing
into
France
,
where
he
visited
Roan
,
and
some
other
Cities
,
and
so
came
to
Paris
:
In
which
City
he
made
some
stay
,
inquiring
into
the
Government
of
France
,
and
wondered
that
the
King
could
exercise
such
an
absolute
Jurisdiction
,
and
yet
have
so
much
love
from
his
People
.
But
especially
he
attended
to
their
Philosophical
and
Thealogical
Lectures
,
which
yet
he
disliked
,
because
they
followed
the
Schoolmen
so
much
,
though
contrary
to
the
sacred
Scripture's
to
sound
Reason
and
Sense
.
After
some
little
stay
here
,
he
went
to
Orleance
,
Biturg
,
Lyons
,
and
Vienna
:
at
which
place
he
visited
the
Pastors
,
and
found
that
through
the
commendations
of
Iunius
,
he
was
better
known
there
then
he
expected
:
For
some
of
the
Neighbor
Churches
much
importuned
his
stay
amongst
them
,
profering
him
a
good
stipend
,
and
a
Coadjutor
if
he
would
read
Philosophy
and
Divinity
amongst
them
:
But
Wallaeus
considering
their
propinquity
to
Geneva
and
Lausanna
,
thought
that
there
was
no
great
need
of
his
imployment
there
:
besides
he
thought
that
amongst
strangers
he
should
be
exposed
to
envy
,
where
he
could
not
have
the
assistance
of
his
friends
;
and
his
desire
was
to
have
some
such
imployment
in
his
own
Country
,
and
therefore
leaving
them
(
his
mony
beginning
to
fail
him
)
he
went
to
Gratianople
,
He
goes
to
Geneva
.
and
so
to
Geneva
.
At
Geneva
he
sought
out
such
a
place
to
sojourn
in
where
he
might
best
advance
his
studies
,
and
therefore
made
choice
of
Charles
Parrots
house
,
who
was
a
Minister
of
the
Word
,
and
also
Professor
of
Divinity
.
Whilst
he
abode
there
,
his
first
care
was
to
perfect
himself
in
the
French
Tongue
,
which
he
attained
to
by
converse
with
the
Citizens
,
and
reading
French
Writers
,
so
that
he
many
times
preached
in
French
.
At
this
time
the
Divinity
Professors
in
Geneva
were
Theodore
Beza
,
Anthony
Faius
,
and
Charles
Perrot
:
Beza
was
now
above
80
years
old
,
and
had
given
over
reading
:
Fajus
had
good
Learning
,
but
was
neither
a
good
Expositor
,
nor
quick
Disputant
.
Perrot
was
very
learned
,
and
had
more
in
him
then
he
promised
:
yet
each
of
these
scarce
read
one
Lecture
in
a
week
:
therefore
he
spent
most
of
his
time
in
hearing
Sermons
,
which
were
more
frequent
in
Geneva
then
in
other
places
:
But
above
all
he
most
admired
Beza's
Sermons
,
who
though
he
was
so
old
,
yet
excelled
in
vigor
of
Minde
,
profound
Learning
,
sharp
Judgement
,
and
manlike
Eloquence
,
for
which
the
World
much
wondred
at
him
.
He
profited
also
very
much
by
their
Friday-meetings
,
wherein
one
of
the
Ministers
explained
some
texts
of
Scripture
;
and
when
he
had
done
,
the
other
Ministers
(
if
it
needed
)
either
gave
further
explanations
,
restrictions
,
or
emendations
:
only
when
it
came
to
Beza's
turn
to
begin
,
the
other
Ministers
reverenced
what
he
had
said
by
their
silence
:
He
also
profited
exceedingly
by
his
frequent
conferences
with
Beza
.
His
converse
with
Perrot
,
by
how
much
it
was
more
frequent
and
familiar
,
by
so
much
the
more
grateful
was
it
to
him
;
for
he
did
not
endeavor
so
much
to
seem
as
to
be
truly
godly
and
learned
.
He
never
held
much
correspondence
by
Letters
with
learned
men
,
judging
that
course
to
tend
more
to
ostentation
then
to
edification
.
He
liked
the
Government
of
the
Church
of
Geneva
very
well
,
where
neither
Wives
nor
Widows
were
shut
up
in
their
houses
,
but
dayly
attended
the
publick
Prayers
and
Sermons
:
and
where
vices
were
not
only
punished
,
but
the
occasions
of
them
taken
away
,
by
removing
luxury
and
rigor
.
At
this
time
there
lived
a
Divine
in
Geneva
that
excelled
all
the
rest
in
the
knowledg
of
the
Hebrew
;
who
perswaded
Wallaeus
that
he
attained
to
his
skill
in
a
very
short
time
by
the
Art
of
Memory
;
He
studies
the
Art
of
Memory
.
whereupon
he
applyed
himself
to
him
,
and
in
six
weeks
space
learned
by
heart
the
whole
Epitome
of
Pagnine
,
with
such
excellent
success
that
thereby
he
was
enabled
well
to
interpret
any
place
of
the
Holy
Scriptures
,
and
to
give
a
fit
reason
of
it
:
But
for
some
reasons
disliking
this
way
of
Learning
,
he
laid
it
aside
,
and
made
little
further
use
of
it
.
About
this
time
Henry
Steven
dyed
,
and
being
in
debt
,
his
Books
were
publickly
sold
for
a
little
to
satisfie
his
Creditors
,
upon
which
occasion
Wallaeus
bought
a
whole
Library
of
Greek
Authors
,
in
reading
whereof
he
much
refreshed
his
minde
after
his
more
serious
studies
.
Not
far
from
Geneva
is
the
mountain
of
Jura
,
whose
top
is
much
above
the
clouds
,
The
mountain
of
Jura
above
the
clouds
.
whereupon
Wallaeus
had
a
great
desire
to
go
to
the
top
of
it
to
see
what
was
done
in
the
other
Region
of
the
Ayr
:
Therefore
joyning
to
himself
the
company
of
Charles
Perrot
,
the
City
Secretary
,
and
a
third
friend
,
in
the
longest
days
in
May
,
they
went
to
the
foot
of
this
hill
where
they
lodged
all
night
:
and
very
early
next
morning
,
two
Shepheards
leading
them
by
the
hands
,
they
began
to
climbe
up
the
Mountain
,
He
goes
up
the
mountain
.
and
about
noon
began
to
enter
into
the
middle
Region
of
the
Ayr
,
where
they
found
it
extream
cold
,
and
the
Mountain
was
covered
with
great
hils
of
Ice
,
only
on
the
South
side
some
paths
appeared
,
by
which
they
ascended
,
and
towards
the
Evening
came
to
the
top
;
which
contained
about
ten
Acres
of
land
:
the
Precipice
was
so
great
that
they
were
afraid
to
look
down
,
but
when
they
lay
along
upon
the
ground
,
from
whence
the
Villages
seemed
no
bigger
then
Wals
,
and
other
Mountains
seemed
like
Molehils
:
In
this
top
there
was
neither
Ice
or
Snow
:
the
ayr
was
very
cold
,
yet
thin
and
pure
:
And
being
all
Musical
,
they
began
to
sing
,
which
sounded
far
more
sweetly
then
in
any
part
of
the
lower
World
.
At
last
as
on
one
side
they
beheld
France
,
and
on
the
other
side
Italy
,
they
observed
vapors
to
ascend
out
of
the
Lake
of
Leman
which
stayed
about
the
Mountain
,
then
gathered
together
,
and
at
last
became
a
thick
cloud
,
so
that
it
wholly
took
away
their
sight
of
the
Earth
:
and
when
night
was
come
they
began
to
descend
,
and
after
a
while
entred
into
the
cloud
,
where
they
could
wash
their
hands
;
and
when
they
had
passed
this
cloud
,
it
was
dissolved
into
rain
,
which
wet
them
through
,
Their
descent
and
so
at
last
they
came
to
the
Shepheards
coats
,
where
they
rested
,
and
the
night
following
came
to
the
bottom
of
the
Mountain
;
for
they
could
not
go
so
fast
down
as
they
went
up
.
Not
long
after
Wallaeus
taking
along
with
him
Adrian
Mammaker
,
who
was
afterwards
President
of
Zeland
,
went
to
swim
in
the
Lake
of
Leman
;
and
as
he
was
swiming
he
observed
a
stranger
that
was
swiming
a
good
way
off
,
suddenly
to
sink
,
and
ready
to
be
drowned
:
A
special
providence
.
whereupon
(
being
very
tender-hearted
)
he
hasted
to
him
,
drew
him
out
of
the
water
,
and
carryed
him
to
the
shore
:
by
whom
(
after
he
was
recovered
)
he
understood
that
he
was
a
Cobler
of
Holland
;
who
as
he
was
swiming
fell
into
this
disaster
.
After
a
while
having
attained
his
end
for
which
he
went
to
Geneva
,
His
further
travels
.
he
removed
to
Lausanna
Anno
Christi
1600.
and
finding
nothing
there
that
might
occasion
his
stay
,
he
went
to
Bern
,
from
whence
he
went
to
Zurick
,
and
Schaphusen
,
where
he
saw
the
Cataracts
of
the
River
Rheine
,
like
to
the
Cataracts
of
Nilus
.
At
Zurick
the
Magistrates
being
informed
by
their
Ministers
of
the
excellent
Learning
of
Wallaeus
,
to
shew
their
respects
to
him
,
invited
him
to
a
great
Feast
.
Whilst
he
was
at
Bern
,
he
grew
into
familiar
acquaintance
with
Zendererus
the
cheif
Praefect
of
the
Colledge
,
who
gave
him
great
hopes
of
preferment
if
he
would
stay
there
:
but
Wallaeus
having
dispatched
his
business
there
,
He
goes
to
Basil.
hasted
to
Basil
,
where
James
Grynaeus
and
Amandus
Polanus
were
Professors
of
Divinity
:
Grynaeus
was
a
very
wary
and
prudent
man
,
and
of
excellent
Learning
,
but
one
that
much
addicted
himself
to
Civil
affairs
,
so
that
Basil
seemed
wholly
to
be
governed
at
his
discretion
.
He
read
History
Lectures
which
he
had
brought
down
to
his
own
time
.
Polanus
was
a
very
learned
man
,
and
at
that
time
was
reading
upon
the
Doctrine
of
Predestination
.
But
Wallaeus
mostly
applyed
himself
to
the
Lectures
of
John
Buxtorf
,
who
was
Hebrew
Professor
,
and
was
most
skilful
of
the
Genius
of
that
Language
,
and
in
the
Antiquities
of
the
Jews
:
At
this
time
he
was
expounding
the
Commentaries
of
the
Rabbins
upon
the
twelve
minor
Prophets
.
Wallaeus
observing
that
he
was
often
frustrated
in
his
expectation
,
finding
every
thing
less
then
he
hoped
for
,
he
resolved
to
adventure
to
do
something
publickly
himself
,
which
he
rather
chose
to
do
abroad
then
at
home
,
because
in
case
there
should
be
any
miscarriage
,
it
might
not
blemish
his
credit
,
nor
hinder
his
future
promotion
.
And
he
chose
Basil
to
perform
it
in
,
because
scarce
in
any
other
University
were
Students
suffered
to
supply
the
place
of
Professors
.
Therefore
to
give
them
some
taste
of
his
Learning
,
he
made
some
Verses
and
published
them
:
He
made
also
some
Theses
about
the
Providence
of
God
,
His
exercises
at
Basil.
framed
of
Scripture
phrases
,
concerning
which
he
disputed
publickly
with
Polanus
:
In
which
he
did
so
orderly
repeat
,
appositely
answer
,
and
solidly
prove
,
that
by
the
paw
they
might
easily
know
the
Lyon
;
whereupon
he
had
the
Professors
chair
allotted
to
him
,
out
of
it
publickly
to
dispute
himself
,
and
to
moderate
at
the
Disputations
of
others
:
which
also
he
frequently
performed
,
in
somuch
as
when
Polanus
or
Grynaeus
had
any
other
business
,
they
presently
had
recourse
to
Wallaeus
to
dispute
in
their
rooms
:
whereby
he
procured
so
much
love
and
esteem
both
from
the
Professors
and
Students
,
that
when
he
went
away
,
they
would
needs
signifie
the
same
to
the
Belgick
Churches
under
the
Seal
of
their
University
.
Wallaeus
his
course
in
his
travels
was
this
;
In
the
Summer
time
he
used
to
go
through
Countries
,
veiw
Cities
,
Fields
,
Rivers
,
Mountains
,
and
to
enquire
what
in
Nature
or
by
Art
was
observable
in
them
.
In
Winter
time
he
fixed
himself
in
some
City
,
where
he
might
promote
his
study
of
Divinity
,
and
learn
the
Government
of
the
Province
:
And
accordingly
having
satisfied
himself
at
B●sil
,
His
travels
in
Germany
.
when
the
Spring
came
,
he
went
to
Strasborough
,
Spire
,
and
Heidleberg
,
at
which
place
he
considered
whether
it
was
better
to
make
his
abode
that
Summer
,
or
to
travel
through
Germany
.
The
fame
of
that
University
perswaded
him
to
the
former
,
which
was
accounted
equal
with
that
of
Leiden
:
But
above
all
the
Library
of
Manuscripts
perswaded
his
stay
there
,
into
which
he
had
free
access
by
the
curtesie
of
Janus
Gruter
his
Countryman
:
There
were
also
Professors
of
Divinity
deservedly
famous
,
viz.
Daniel
Tossanus
,
and
David
Paraeus
:
the
former
interpreted
the
New
Testament
,
who
being
grown
old
lived
but
a
few
months
after
:
and
Pareus
Interpreted
the
Prophet
Hosea
,
of
which
Scripture
he
had
a
little
before
heard
Buxtorf
.
He
observed
also
that
the
Government
of
the
Palatinate
was
unfit
for
the
Low-Countries
:
The
power
of
Ecclesiastical
affairs
under
the
Prince
was
in
the
hand
of
eight
Civil
and
eight
Ecclesiastical
Senators
:
These
chose
Ministers
,
placed
them
both
in
Cities
and
Villages
,
removed
them
from
one
place
to
another
,
and
set
bounds
to
all
Theological
Controversies
:
whereby
they
provided
well
to
uphold
the
Authority
of
the
Prince
,
and
to
preserve
the
Peace
of
the
Church
;
but
little
to
the
comfort
of
souls
,
when
many
times
they
had
Ministers
imposed
upon
them
against
their
liking
,
and
always
such
as
they
had
no
knowledge
of
.
Leaving
Heidleberg
he
went
to
Franckfurt
upon
Main
,
where
he
stayed
awhile
,
and
then
went
to
Hessen
,
remaining
awhile
in
the
Lantgraves
Court
,
who
often
conferred
courteously
with
him
,
and
so
to
Marpurg
,
and
from
thence
to
Brunswick
and
Bremen
:
His
travels
in
the
Low-countries
.
And
having
thus
travelled
tbrough
forreign
Countries
,
he
resolved
to
be
no
stranger
in
his
own
;
wherefore
from
thence
he
went
into
Frisland
,
Gelderland
,
Vtrich
,
Overisle
,
and
so
at
last
came
to
Leiden
to
the
house
of
Gomarus
his
old
Host.
But
before
he
setled
himself
to
his
study
there
,
he
went
to
Middleborough
to
visit
his
aged
Parents
,
having
been
now
three
years
from
them
,
who
received
him
with
all
the
joy
that
might
be
:
His
return
to
Leiden
.
yet
after
a
short
stay
he
returned
to
Leiden
,
where
he
found
the
face
of
the
University
somewhat
changed
.
For
Joseph
Scaliger
would
needs
have
the
precedency
of
all
the
Professors
:
But
all
the
Professors
opposed
him
,
because
the
place
did
indeed
belong
to
Junius
,
and
the
States
of
Holland
interposed
their
Authority
;
For
though
they
esteemed
well
of
Scaliger
,
yet
they
would
not
have
Junius
offended
,
nor
others
who
were
of
more
solid
Learning
,
and
more
useful
then
himself
;
wherefore
the
place
was
conferred
upon
Junius
,
and
instead
of
reading
Hebrew
Lectures
,
he
was
appointed
to
write
against
Bellarmine
.
Wallaeus
now
was
not
so
diligent
in
attending
Lectures
as
formerly
:
But
weighed
every
part
of
Divinity
,
and
observed
how
far
he
had
pierced
into
the
more
abstruse
parts
of
it
,
and
where
he
was
defective
,
he
searches
Authors
,
meditates
,
and
by
conference
with
Junius
and
Gomarus
satisfies
himself
,
and
being
weary
of
reading
Modern
Authors
,
wherein
he
found
some
things
meanly
handled
,
and
othersome
foolishly
,
and
withall
considering
that
they
carryed
no
Authority
with
them
,
he
betook
himself
to
the
reading
of
the
Ancient
Fathers
,
He
studies
the
Fathers
.
especially
Augustine
,
whom
he
found
more
nervous
and
quick
in
Disputing
then
the
rest
:
And
in
the
mean
time
he
exercised
himself
in
Preaching
,
sometimes
in
Leiden
,
and
sometimes
in
the
neighbor
Villages
,
which
he
performed
with
such
a
grace
,
that
he
was
called
to
a
Pastoral
charge
in
Leiden
.
He
is
called
to
the
Ministry
.
This
call
being
so
unexpected
,
troubled
him
so
much
the
more
:
He
thought
it
a
great
honour
to
be
at
first
called
to
a
place
in
so
eminent
a
City
,
where
also
he
had
the
benefit
of
the
University
for
the
promoting
of
his
Learning
:
But
yet
he
judged
it
a
very
hard
burden
to
govern
a
great
Church
who
had
not
yet
learned
to
govern
a
little
one
:
Hereupon
he
betook
himself
by
his
ardent
Prayers
unto
God
for
direction
,
Refuseth
it
.
and
at
last
resolved
to
refer
the
business
wholly
to
the
judgement
of
his
Parents
:
They
,
by
Gomarus
,
returned
thanks
to
the
Presbytery
,
and
make
many
excuses
why
he
could
not
accept
of
the
call
:
but
the
truth
is
,
their
principal
reason
was
,
because
they
would
have
their
son
(
the
staffe
of
their
old
Age
)
neerer
to
them
.
He
returns
home
.
And
indeed
they
were
not
satisfied
till
leaving
the
University
,
he
came
home
to
them
,
which
was
in
the
Spring
,
Anno
Christi
1602.
The
whole
course
of
his
life
from
his
childhood
,
His
deportment
.
both
in
the
University
,
in
his
travels
,
and
hitherto
,
had
been
very
blameless
,
pious
,
modest
,
free
from
luxury
and
wantonness
;
and
his
care
was
that
as
he
grew
in
years
he
might
grow
in
goodness
:
he
never
minded
trifles
:
yet
was
not
his
conversation
austere
and
froward
,
but
mild
and
pleasing
.
He
was
unwearyed
in
his
studies
,
spending
not
only
the
days
,
His
industry
.
but
half
the
nights
therein
,
that
going
cold
to
bed
sometimes
he
rose
out
of
it
before
he
was
well
warm
;
so
that
once
whilst
he
was
at
Leiden
he
fell
into
a
Quartain
Ague
which
held
him
fourteen
moneths
,
which
was
accompanyed
with
a
Cough
,
notwithstanding
which
he
would
not
desist
from
the
course
of
his
studies
;
whereby
he
contracted
a
weakness
of
stomach
,
accompanyed
with
crudities
and
a
stopping
in
his
head
,
from
which
he
was
never
free
all
his
life
after
.
Being
thus
come
to
Middleborough
,
His
Ordination
.
he
submitted
himself
to
Examination
in
order
to
his
Ordination
,
and
his
Examiner
was
James
Cornelii
,
one
of
the
Ministers
;
but
being
inferior
in
Learning
to
Wallaeus
,
not
Wallaeus
but
●ornelii
was
examined
.
After
his
Examination
he
was
to
Preach
monethly
before
the
Ministers
,
to
make
him
more
prompt
and
ready
in
it
:
he
was
also
admitted
to
be
weekly
present
at
their
Presbyteries
,
that
he
might
be
acquainted
with
their
way
of
Government
before
he
undertook
it
himself
.
In
all
which
Exercises
and
Conferences
in
the
Presbyteries
,
they
observed
that
young
Wallaeus
was
of
an
acute
Wit
,
composed
Judgement
,
and
profound
Learning
.
About
this
time
a
Pastoral
charge
was
void
at
Caletus
,
He
is
called
to
another
charge
.
and
the
Ministers
of
Middleborough
would
fain
have
sent
Wallaeus
thither
:
But
his
Parents
took
it
very
ill
that
when
they
had
refused
a
place
in
Leiden
which
was
in
the
heart
of
the
Low-countries
,
he
should
now
be
sent
into
a
corner
,
which
is
exposed
to
the
injuries
both
of
the
French
and
Spaniards
,
whereupon
they
sharply
opposed
themselves
against
it
,
and
Wallaeus
himself
disliked
it
:
But
when
some
Ministers
shewed
themselves
very
violent
,
Refuseth
it
.
the
Magistrates
(
to
gratifie
his
Parents
)
put
an
end
to
the
controversie
.
This
also
happened
at
the
same
time
:
There
was
neer
to
Middleborough
a
Village
called
Koukerk
which
wanting
a
Pastor
,
chose
Wallaeus
for
their
Minister
,
which
he
accepted
of
,
He
is
chosen
to
Koukerk
.
and
so
undertook
the
charge
in
N●vemb
.
An.
Chri.
1602.
accounting
it
a
great
honour
that
God
was
pleased
thus
to
admit
him
into
his
service
;
and
withall
considering
the
greatness
of
the
Burthen
in
procuring
the
welfare
of
souls
,
wherein
the
least
miscarriage
is
a
great
sin
against
God
,
he
not
only
now
,
but
all
his
life
after
never
undertook
any
thing
,
till
he
had
first
craved
the
assistance
of
God
,
begging
of
him
wisdom
and
ability
to
mannage
it
a
right
.
At
Koukerk
he
attained
to
a
promptness
and
habit
of
Preaching
,
he
learned
to
Govern
a
Church
,
to
comfort
the
afflicted
,
to
resist
the
obstinate
and
Sectaries
,
with
whom
he
so
far
prevailed
that
they
adjoined
themselves
to
the
Church
,
and
ever
after
reverenced
Wallaeus
as
their
Father
.
His
Sermons
were
so
famous
that
when
Grave
Moris
besieged
Sluce
Anno
Christi
.
1604.
He
is
imployed
in
the
Army
.
the
Wallachrian
Classis
made
choice
of
Wallaeus
to
be
joined
to
John
Vtenbogard
the
Court
Preacher
,
to
be
Chaplain
to
the
Army
.
This
Vtenbogard
was
an
Eloquent
Preacher
,
one
that
sought
to
ingratiate
himself
with
the
great
ones
:
Whereas
Wallaeus
sought
to
please
God
rather
then
men
;
and
indeed
at
his
first
coming
,
what
by
Prayers
,
and
what
by
Admonition
,
he
prevailed
with
the
Colonels
and
Captains
to
banish
swearing
from
amongst
them
.
Vtenbogard
made
too
much
account
of
Socinus
,
and
still
carryed
about
him
a
New
Testament
,
having
Annotations
every
where
written
in
it
by
Socinus
his
own
hand
.
But
Wallaeus
abhorred
his
opinions
.
Sluce
being
taken
,
His
return
.
Wallaeus
returned
to
Koukerk
,
setling
all
his
affairs
,
as
if
he
meant
to
live
there
all
his
life
;
and
having
a
competent
estate
,
he
desired
not
an
encrease
of
his
stipend
:
He
had
a
full
Congregation
,
yet
not
burdensome
:
so
that
besides
his
Ministerial
employments
he
had
sufficient
time
for
his
private
studies
:
He
was
well
beloved
of
his
people
,
and
had
good
societie
with
his
Elders
and
Deacons
:
His
Town
was
not
above
an
hours
walk
from
Middleborough
and
Flushing
:
Fruitful
of
Pastures
,
had
good
store
of
Corn-ground
,
and
pleasant
Orchards
It
was
neer
to
that
Sea
by
which
greater
ships
go
into
the
Havens
of
Zeland
:
He
had
a
large
house
,
a
spacious
garden
,
which
he
kept
very
neat
and
orderly
.
At
this
time
Middleborough
had
but
three
Churches
,
and
the
Auditories
grew
too
big
for
them
,
whereupon
they
Petition
the
Magistrate
for
a
fourth
Church
,
and
a
eighth
Minister
to
have
a
stipend
allowed
him
.
The
Church
was
appointed
neer
to
the
Fish-Market
,
and
by
the
Presbytery
Wallaeus
was
appointed
for
the
Minister
.
Truly
Wallaeus
desired
to
stay
at
Koukerk
,
He
is
chosen
to
Middleborough
.
and
not
mingling
himself
with
the
troubles
of
the
world
,
to
serve
God
and
his
people
in
that
place
:
yet
durst
he
not
resist
this
call
,
having
thereby
an
opportunity
of
more
service
.
His
two
years
stay
at
Koukerk
had
much
changed
the
course
of
his
life
:
For
having
in
the
first
year
dispatched
the
work
of
his
Sermons
and
Catechising
,
His
marriage
.
he
began
to
bethink
himself
of
entring
into
a
marryed
condition
:
and
having
found
out
Paschaesia
of
Isenhout
,
a
pious
,
prudent
,
and
well-bred
maid
,
he
consulted
with
his
Parents
for
their
consent
:
and
so
all
things
concurring
to
his
,
His
parents
dye
.
and
their
mindes
,
he
marryed
her
Aug.
the
seventh
,
Anno
Christi
1603.
But
presently
after
he
lost
his
Parents
,
first
his
Mother
,
and
then
his
Father
,
who
survived
her
but
a
little
time
.
In
the
whole
time
of
their
sickness
our
Wallaeus
attended
upon
them
,
and
comforted
them
with
Divine
Consolations
out
of
Gods
Word
:
wherefore
at
the
hour
of
death
they
both
of
them
blessed
him
,
and
gave
him
this
testimony
,
that
he
had
never
offended
them
in
all
his
life
.
Wallaeus
laid
their
death
exceedingly
to
heart
,
A
good
child
.
so
that
for
a
years
space
no
day
passed
wherein
he
did
not
with
grief
think
on
them
,
nor
night
wherein
he
did
not
dream
of
them
:
But
it
pleased
God
that
in
December
the
27.
His
first
son
.
he
had
a
son
born
whom
he
called
John
;
this
somewhat
mitigated
his
sorrows
.
Before
this
,
the
Citizens
of
Middleborough
had
much
importuned
him
to
remove
his
habitation
to
their
City
:
but
he
would
not
consent
to
it
till
his
Wife
was
brought
to
bed
,
least
he
should
seem
to
contemn
his
people
at
Koukerk
,
who
had
shewed
themselves
so
honest
and
loving
to
him
:
But
when
she
was
up
again
,
he
then
removed
,
and
was
entertained
both
by
the
People
and
Magistrates
with
great
applause
,
being
received
with
more
favour
then
ordinary
,
He
is
envyed
.
which
stirred
up
envy
in
some
of
the
Ministers
of
Middleborough
;
who
thereupon
would
have
had
him
confined
to
a
little
Church
that
was
in
the
outmost
part
of
the
City
;
but
the
Presbytery
would
not
suffer
it
:
yea
it
returned
to
the
glory
of
Wallaeus
that
these
ancient
Ministers
feared
least
he
should
get
their
Auditories
from
them
:
He
wins
his
adversaries
.
But
after
a
while
he
moderated
their
passions
by
his
modesty
,
courtesie
,
and
readiness
to
do
any
Offices
of
love
to
them
,
so
that
he
lived
very
friendly
with
them
.
In
his
Ministry
he
thought
that
he
did
not
sufficiently
discharge
his
duty
by
Preaching
and
Governing
;
His
faithfulness
in
his
Ministry
.
and
therefore
every
Sabbath
day
at
five
a
clock
he
Catechized
,
wherein
he
explained
all
the
common
places
in
Divinity
,
and
whereby
he
made
his
people
very
ready
in
the
knowledge
of
the
Scriptures
,
so
that
some
of
them
were
fitted
for
the
work
of
the
Ministry
in
the
Indies
.
He
was
diligent
in
visiting
his
Parishoners
,
whereby
he
reformed
many
which
were
given
to
vitiousness
,
giving
them
counsel
how
they
might
shun
those
sins
which
naturally
they
were
addicted
to
.
He
satisfied
doubting
Consciences
,
and
extricated
them
out
of
the
snares
of
Satan
:
He
raised
up
and
comforted
those
that
were
cast
down
at
the
apprehension
of
Gods
wrath
for
their
sins
.
His
charity
.
In
these
his
visitations
he
ministred
relief
to
Widows
,
Orphans
,
and
such
as
were
destitute
of
all
humane
help
:
He
encouraged
such
as
were
weak
and
sick
to
persevere
in
Faith
,
and
prepared
them
for
death
:
and
such
as
were
neer
death
he
comforted
them
against
the
terrors
thereof
,
and
wrought
in
them
a
desire
to
be
with
Christ
;
yea
he
did
not
only
visit
such
as
owned
him
for
their
Minister
,
but
Sectaries
also
,
Papists
,
and
Anabaptists
;
which
he
did
with
such
sweetness
,
that
his
company
was
never
grievous
to
them
;
and
he
carryed
himself
so
justly
that
many
times
even
they
repaired
to
him
for
advice
in
cases
of
Conscience
about
Matrimony
,
and
always
went
well
satisfied
from
him
.
A
Popish
lye
.
This
much
troubled
a
Popish
Priest
called
Curio
,
who
knowing
how
powerful
Wall●us
was
in
reproving
sin
,
to
deter
his
Disciples
from
conference
with
Wallaeus
,
or
hearing
his
Sermons
,
told
them
that
the
Devil
always
sate
upon
his
shoulders
,
and
as
he
was
Preaching
suggested
to
him
what
he
should
say
.
But
God
turned
his
malice
and
lyes
to
good
:
For
many
Papists
either
drawn
by
curiosity
,
or
by
the
fame
of
the
man
,
or
upon
the
occasion
of
Baptisms
into
his
Church
,
when
they
heard
nothing
that
was
Diabolical
to
proceed
out
of
his
mouth
,
they
began
to
esteem
their
Curio
a
slanderer
,
to
doubt
of
the
truth
of
his
other
sayings
,
to
perceive
that
they
learned
more
,
and
received
more
comfort
by
Wallaeus
his
Sermons
then
by
his
,
and
so
by
degrees
fell
off
to
the
Reformed
Religion
.
Wallaeus
his
Colleagues
left
to
him
,
yea
appointed
him
as
the
most
learned
man
amongst
them
,
to
take
care
that
their
Religion
received
no
detriment
,
and
to
defend
the
same
against
all
Adversaries
,
wherein
like
another
Hercules
he
subdued
many
Monsters
.
There
was
one
Abraham
Beckman
that
of
a
long
time
had
disturbed
the
Peace
of
the
Church
of
Middleborough
:
He
confutes
his
adversaries
.
A
man
of
a
sharp
wit
and
blameless
life
;
he
reproved
the
Ministers
for
baptizing
such
children
whose
Parents
were
not
members
of
the
Church
;
and
he
had
drawn
some
hundreds
of
the
Church
membrs
to
his
party
:
To
these
Wallaeus
opened
the
Doctrine
of
Truth
more
plainly
;
by
Conference
and
Disputations
he
overthrew
the
pertinacious
,
convinced
most
of
them
by
writing
,
and
so
brought
them
to
an
acknowledgement
of
their
Errors
.
But
Wallaeus
thought
it
not
sufficient
to
conquer
them
,
but
he
would
also
gain
them
to
the
Church
,
which
he
effected
by
procuring
that
Beckman
should
be
chosen
one
of
the
Presbytery
,
whereby
he
was
quieted
,
and
afterwards
did
good
service
to
the
Church
.
Sectaries
are
never
better
quieted
,
then
whilst
they
pretend
for
God
,
Note
.
they
may
have
riches
,
or
honours
conferred
upon
them
.
Shortly
after
there
was
one
Gedeon
Vanden
Bogard
,
a
Noble
man
of
Flanders
,
who
being
inticed
with
great
promises
,
was
resolved
to
turn
over
to
the
King
of
Spains
party
,
and
therefore
also
must
change
his
Religion
:
for
which
end
he
gives
out
that
the
Popish
Religion
was
truer
then
the
Reformed
,
and
that
in
the
point
of
Transubstantiation
,
which
he
undertook
to
prove
by
the
assistance
of
Father
Gauda
a
Jesuite
of
Antwerp
,
who
was
grown
to
that
height
of
impudency
and
impiety
,
that
he
published
in
Print
that
he
would
pawn
his
soul
to
God
to
expiate
all
the
Errors
that
were
in
the
Romane
Church
:
He
confutes
a
Jesuite
.
To
whom
therefore
Wallaeus
presently
answers
,
and
shews
that
the
Pontificians
themselves
could
not
otherwise
understand
the
words
of
Institution
in
the
Lords
Supper
but
Figuratively
:
and
that
the
body
of
Christ
●ould
not
be
in
infinite
places
at
the
same
time
,
for
that
then
it
should
cease
to
be
a
body
,
which
is
always
circumscribed
within
its
own
limits
,
so
that
Gauda
held
his
peace
.
Presently
after
,
He
confutes
a
Blasphemer
.
a
certain
stranger
coming
to
Middleborough
,
(
for
Zeland
brings
forth
no
such
Monsters
)
Preached
That
Christ
had
excellently
taught
reverence
to
God
,
and
love
to
our
Neighbors
:
But
that
his
Doctrine
might
have
the
more
we●ght
,
h●d
affirmed
himself
to
be
the
Son
of
God
by
a
certain
pious
fraud
,
saying
that
he
was
God
,
when
indeed
he
was
not
.
And
not
content
to
divulg
these
blasphemies
in
private
,
he
preached
them
in
publick
.
Wallaeus
judged
this
man
the
more
dangerous
,
by
how
much
he
seemed
to
be
very
religious
,
and
that
he
would
not
speak
without
commending
Christ
,
whenas
indeed
he
sought
to
destroy
him
:
wherefore
setting
upon
him
in
a
Publick
Assembly
,
he
proved
that
in
the
Nativity
,
Life
,
and
Death
of
Christ
all
things
did
concur
,
which
were
foretold
of
the
Messias
in
the
Old
Testament
,
and
therefore
that
he
could
not
but
be
God
,
which
was
required
in
the
Messias
:
That
Christ
,
whom
he
confessed
to
teach
Piety
,
must
express
it
in
his
Life
,
and
therefore
could
not
begin
his
Doctrine
with
a
lye
,
who
must
not
do
evill
that
good
might
come
of
it
.
Neither
was
it
worth
the
while
for
him
to
suffer
Persecutions
,
Stripes
,
and
the
Cross
to
maintain
a
lye
.
That
the
Apostles
who
continually
accompanyed
him
,
would
not
have
conspired
in
the
same
lye
,
and
for
it
have
suffered
banishment
,
torments
,
and
death
.
That
God
would
not
have
suffered
such
things
as
he
foretold
to
have
come
to
pass
about
his
Death
,
Resurrection
,
and
the
destruction
of
Hierusalem
,
if
he
had
endeavoured
to
obtrude
a
false
God
upon
the
people
.
That
he
would
not
have
granted
him
the
power
of
working
Miracles
,
of
healing
the
Sick
,
restoring
the
Lame
,
curing
the
Blinde
,
and
raising
the
Dead
.
That
his
Religion
in
a
few
years
,
by
Fisher
men
,
without
any
humane
strength
,
should
have
been
dispersed
through
the
whole
World
,
which
God
would
not
have
suffered
if
he
had
brought
a
strange
God
and
Idolatry
with
him
.
This
Villain
being
overcome
by
these
Arguments
,
his
followers
left
him
,
and
he
hid
his
head
in
a
corner
.
But
these
were
but
small
velitations
in
comparison
of
those
continual
bickerings
which
he
had
with
the
Remonstrants
all
his
life
long
:
His
contests
with
the
Remonstrants
.
which
that
we
may
the
better
understand
,
take
it
thus
;
When
Reformation
began
in
the
Low-countries
,
all
that
opposed
Popery
were
not
of
one
minde
:
and
nothing
so
united
them
together
as
their
hatred
of
Popery
:
But
least
the
unsound
Protestants
should
mingle
themselves
with
the
sound
,
the
Orthodox
party
Anno
Christi
1566.
published
a
Confession
of
their
Faith
,
which
afterwards
was
called
the
Belg●ck
Confession
;
and
to
prevent
infection
from
those
which
were
Heterodox
,
in
a
full
Synod
at
Embden
,
Anno
Christi
1571.
it
was
ordained
that
none
should
be
admitted
for
a
Minister
,
till
he
had
been
examined
,
and
had
subscribed
this
Confession
,
and
the
Catechism
of
Heidleberg
:
Which
Decree
was
confirmed
in
all
the
ensuing
Synods
,
Anno
Christi
1576.
and
1586.
and
approved
of
by
the
States
of
Holland
,
and
accordingly
practised
.
Yet
in
the
beginning
,
considering
the
great
want
of
Pastors
,
this
Examination
could
not
be
very
strict
,
by
which
means
many
crept
into
the
Ministry
who
privately
taught
contrary
things
;
Their
rise
in
the
Low-countries
.
as
Gasper
Garlhasius
at
Leiden
,
Herman
Herbert
at
Gouda
,
Gerard
Blackhoven
at
Vtrich
and
Cornelius
Wiggerus
at
Horn
,
who
differed
in
many
things
amongst
themselves
,
and
all
of
them
in
the
point
of
Predestination
from
the
rest
:
But
whilst
these
opinions
were
confined
within
the
bounds
of
their
own
Churches
,
all
things
were
reasonable
quiet
.
Only
Theodor
Cornhertius
opposed
himself
against
all
the
Reformed
Churches
,
who
having
been
formerly
of
Councel
to
the
States
of
Holland
,
for
fear
of
danger
had
deserted
his
place
.
But
it
easily
appeared
that
he
was
no
great
Divine
,
and
that
choler
which
he
durst
not
vent
against
the
States
,
he
now
discharged
against
the
Churches
,
whereupon
he
was
restrained
by
the
Publick
Authority
of
the
States
.
Yet
could
not
the
contentions
be
so
composed
,
but
they
left
doubts
in
some
mens
mindes
,
whether
all
points
held
by
the
Reformed
were
equally
certain
:
and
some
were
inclined
to
embrace
Novelties
,
especially
about
the
Doctrine
of
Predestination
.
And
thus
James
Arminius
found
them
when
he
was
called
to
be
Divinity
Professor
at
Leiden
Anno
Christi
1603.
Arminius
his
education
.
This
Arminius
had
formerly
been
a
servant
in
a
Publick
Inn
,
where
many
guests
admired
his
prompt
wit
,
so
that
some
took
him
from
thence
,
and
set
him
to
School
,
where
he
was
maintained
out
of
the
Publick
Treasury
of
Amsterdam
Hereupon
in
process
of
time
the
Magistrates
of
that
City
favouring
their
own
nurcling
,
called
him
to
the
work
of
the
Ministry
amongst
them
,
and
he
so
shined
by
the
excellency
of
his
gifts
,
that
every
one
judged
him
worthy
a
Professors
place
:
He
is
chosen
professor
in
Leiden
.
For
he
was
of
a
subtil
Wit
,
solid
Learning
,
and
composed
Carriage
.
To
this
Election
of
his
Gomarus
opposed
himself
,
because
he
had
written
something
that
was
unsound
to
Francis
Junius
,
yea
and
had
publickly
preached
it
at
Amsterdam
:
But
when
he
denyed
some
things
wherewith
he
was
charged
,
and
extenuated
others
,
some
thought
that
Gomarus
opposed
him
out
of
envy
,
least
he
should
excel
him
,
which
promoted
the
Election
of
Arminius
,
and
laid
the
foundation
to
future
dissentions
.
Arminius
being
thus
setled
,
Arminius
his
policy
.
thought
to
advance
his
credit
by
drawing
a
great
Auditory
to
himself
,
and
this
he
thought
to
do
by
venting
some
new
things
in
his
Lectures
,
which
accordingly
he
did
,
especially
about
Predestination
;
yet
in
publick
he
did
it
sparingly
and
slenderly
,
least
he
should
offend
the
Churches
,
remembring
that
by
their
Authority
Coolhase
and
Wigger
had
been
removed
out
of
their
places
:
But
in
private
he
labored
tooth
and
nail
to
instil
them
into
his
Auditors
,
whereby
he
might
gain
Disciples
,
and
that
he
might
the
better
secure
himself
against
the
Ministers
,
by
the
means
of
Vtenbogard
the
Preacher
at
Hague
,
Barnevelt
his
patron
.
he
procured
John
of
Oldenbarnevelt
to
be
his
Patron
,
who
was
a
man
of
great
Authority
,
being
Syndic
of
all
Holland
,
to
curry
favour
with
whom
he
extolled
the
Authority
of
Magistrates
in
Ecclesiastical
affairs
.
Barnevelds
design
was
to
bring
the
Reformation
in
the
Low-countries
nearer
to
the
Lutherans
,
whereby
they
might
hope
to
draw
Auxiliaries
out
of
Germany
the
better
to
resist
the
King
of
Spain
,
or
at
least
to
make
the
better
terms
of
agreement
with
him
:
And
whereas
the
States
in
the
beginning
of
the
wars
had
need
of
the
multitude
,
and
these
could
not
be
better
gained
then
by
the
help
of
the
Ministers
,
they
therefore
at
first
granted
great
Authority
to
the
Pastors
of
the
Church
:
Now
Barne●li
seeking
to
undermine
this
Authority
,
Did
not
our
late
Parliament
do
so
?
he
nourished
such
dissentions
as
rose
up
in
the
Church
;
and
by
the
power
of
the
Magistrates
hindred
their
censures
against
the
refractory
.
He
also
rendred
suspected
the
authority
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
:
and
whereas
it
was
only
grievous
to
himself
,
he
would
perswade
the
States
that
it
was
dangerous
to
them
Wherefore
knowing
that
he
had
offended
the
Ministers
,
and
therefore
could
expect
no
support
from
them
,
he
willingly
undertook
the
Patronage
of
Arminius
,
by
whose
followers
he
sought
to
●rop
up
himself
.
Yet
at
first
he
carryed
this
very
privately
,
whilst
his
Faction
was
small
,
Hereticks
subtilty
.
and
might
have
been
easily
quashed
:
Whence
also
it
was
that
Arminius
long
concealed
his
opinions
till
the
year
1608.
at
which
time
Gomarus
accused
him
to
the
States
of
Holland
,
and
discovered
that
he
dissented
from
the
Reformed
Churches
,
about
Justification
,
Predestination
,
Grace
,
Free-will
,
and
Perseverance
of
the
Saints
.
Yet
Arminius
was
not
so
long
concealed
from
Wallaeus
,
Waellaeus
labors
to
regain
him
.
who
knowing
all
the
sculking
holes
of
Sectaeries
,
by
his
path
wherein
he
walked
easily
discovered
whereunto
he
tended
,
and
therefore
from
the
year
1606.
he
had
labored
to
bring
him
into
the
right
way
again
,
which
also
he
did
all
the
year
following
by
his
frequent
Letters
to
him
:
To
which
Arminius
sometimes
answered
:
but
at
last
would
answer
no
longer
.
The
same
things
that
Arminius
taught
,
did
Corvinus
teach
about
twenty
years
after
,
and
was
silenced
with
the
same
Argument
by
Wallaeus
.
Arminius
being
thus
discovered
,
began
to
fear
that
he
should
be
ruined
by
the
Ministers
;
for
Barnevelt
durst
not
as
yet
publickly
undertake
his
Patronage
;
neither
durst
Arminius
undertake
the
alteration
of
Religion
with
an
Heroical
spirit
,
such
as
was
in
our
Reformers
,
who
wholly
minding
the
glory
of
God
,
rested
secure
whatsoever
should
befall
themselves
,
Arminius
dies
through
fear
and
grief
.
whereas
Arminius
being
seized
upon
with
sorrow
,
and
overwhelmed
with
grief
fell
sick
and
dyed
Anno
Christi
1609.
Arminius
being
dead
,
amongst
all
his
followers
,
Vtenbogard
shewed
himself
the
Ring-leader
;
for
though
he
was
far
inferior
to
Arminius
in
Learning
,
yet
in
the
Government
of
the
Church
and
State
he
was
well
seen
:
and
indeed
by
his
wit
did
more
hurt
to
the
Church
then
Arminius
did
by
his
Disputations
.
This
Bogard
that
he
might
make
the
Magistrates
of
Holland
displeased
with
other
Ministers
,
His
faction
continues
.
and
more
to
favour
himself
,
wrote
a
Book
of
the
Authority
of
Magistrates
in
Church-affairs
,
wherein
he
allowed
the
Magistrate
not
only
to
order
the
external
Government
of
the
Church
,
but
to
determine
controversies
in
Religion
,
whereby
he
got
great
favour
to
his
own
party
.
In
these
stirs
the
Ministers
knew
not
what
better
remedy
to
finde
then
in
a
National
Synod
of
all
the
Reformed
Churches
,
A
Synod
desired
.
which
they
earnestly
solicited
the
States
General
for
:
and
indeed
the
States
of
Gelderland
,
Zeland
,
Frisland
,
Groning
,
and
six
Cities
of
Holland
were
for
it
,
who
desired
no
Innovations
in
Religion
,
and
dispaired
of
any
union
with
the
Lutherans
:
and
said
that
the
Ecclesiastical
Government
was
no
way
grievous
,
but
a
remedy
against
Oligarchie
.
That
the
power
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
was
not
dangerous
,
but
rather
a
means
to
unite
and
tye
them
together
:
But
on
the
contrary
,
the
Nobility
of
Holland
,
and
the
other
twelve
Cities
,
as
also
the
States
of
Vtrick
and
Overisle
,
though
they
did
not
openly
deny
a
Synod
,
yet
by
●ergiversations
and
procrastinations
sought
to
evade
it
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Ministers
neglected
not
the
remedy
which
was
in
their
power
:
Preachers
pattern
.
viz.
to
discover
those
Errors
to
their
people
,
and
to
confirm
their
mindes
against
them
both
by
Preaching
and
Writing
:
And
such
as
were
to
be
admitted
to
the
Ministry
,
they
examined
them
more
strictly
:
and
such
as
they
discovered
to
be
already
in
the
Ministry
,
they
censured
and
cast
out
.
Vtenbogard
and
his
companions
strongly
opposed
themselves
to
these
proceedings
both
by
word
and
writing
,
and
promoted
to
the
Ministry
such
as
were
of
their
own
opinions
:
yet
were
they
inferior
to
the
other
party
both
in
number
and
in
the
affections
of
the
people
:
fearing
therefore
that
they
should
be
overcome
,
Whence
called
Remonstrants
.
they
framed
a
Remonstrance
▪
(
whence
they
were
called
Remonstrants
)
to
the
States
of
Holland
,
wherein
they
request
to
be
taken
into
their
protection
;
who
did
not
only
do
it
,
but
presently
commanded
that
none
should
meddle
with
these
controversies
either
by
word
or
writing
,
neither
should
examine
Candidates
upon
these
points
,
or
censure
any
that
differed
in
judgement
about
them
;
which
truly
was
to
set
up
a
party
,
when
as
the
Remonstrant
Ministers
were
scarce
forty
,
and
the
Contra-Remonstrants
were
fifty
.
Yet
the
Remonstrants
thought
that
they
could
not
continue
long
,
except
new
ones
of
their
own
opinion
could
be
brought
in
as
the
other
dyed
,
and
these
must
be
first
formed
in
the
University
;
wherefore
to
supply
Arminius
his
place
in
Leiden
,
Wallaeus
and
others
that
were
desired
by
honest
and
learned
men
were
rejected
,
and
Vtenbogard
was
sought
for
.
But
he
knowing
himself
unfit
for
such
a
work
,
wrought
by
the
Curators
of
those
parts
,
who
were
of
kin
to
Barnevelt
,
that
Conradus
Vorstius
should
be
brought
from
Steinfurt
to
Leiden
:
who
in
the
year
1590.
had
been
convicted
by
the
University
of
Heidleberg
for
favouring
Socinus
and
his
opinions
.
To
the
choice
of
this
man
the
Ministers
presently
opposed
themselves
,
and
such
Magistrates
as
favoured
them
:
yet
had
it
been
impossible
to
have
hindred
his
Election
,
the
Remonstrants
did
so
prevail
,
King
James
opposeth
Vorstius
.
but
that
James
King
of
Great
Britane
frequently
admonished
and
urged
the
States
not
do
to
it
,
yea
he
condemned
him
of
Heresie
,
and
burnt
his
Books
publickly
.
At
last
certain
Laws
were
obtruded
upon
the
Church
,
The
Ministers
oppressed
.
which
Barnevelt
had
framed
twenty
years
before
,
but
till
now
the
States
would
never
endure
them
,
much
less
bring
them
in
practice
,
in
which
the
choice
of
Deacons
,
Elders
and
Pastors
was
almost
wholly
given
to
the
Magistrates
.
The
censuring
of
Pastors
or
Members
offending
,
was
taken
away
from
the
Ministers
.
The
Curators
of
the
University
,
and
the
Magistrates
of
Leiden
did
Execute
the
Decree
for
restraining
of
Controversies
with
mote
rigor
then
any
other
:
By
this
they
hindred
Gomarus
both
from
defending
himself
and
his
Religion
:
At
which
being
offended
he
prepared
to
depart
:
By
this
his
departure
seeing
the
Students
of
Divinity
should
thereby
want
a
Professor
of
the
Reformed
Religion
,
the
Churches
of
Gelderland
and
Curators
of
the
Illustrious
School
there
,
sent
Anthony
Thisius
Professor
of
Theology
at
Harderwick
,
and
the
Churches
of
Zeland
and
Magistrates
of
Middleborough
sent
Wallaeus
to
Leiden
,
by
all
means
to
perswade
his
stay
:
Gomarus
leaves
Leiden
.
But
Gomarus
was
resolved
to
depart
,
whereupon
they
both
of
them
invited
him
to
make
his
abode
with
them
,
and
Wallaeus
prevailed
,
so
that
he
went
to
Middleborough
,
Anno
Christi
1611.
The
States
of
Zeland
were
resolved
long
ago
,
An
Illustrious
School
begun
at
Middleborough
.
and
this
calamity
of
Leiden
now
hastened
it
,
to
erect
an
Illustrious
School
in
Zeland
:
but
as
yet
they
could
not
agree
about
the
place
:
But
they
of
Middleborough
seeking
thereby
to
get
advantage
,
resolved
to
make
the
Grammer
School
more
famous
:
For
Gruter
the
Schoolmaster
being
dead
An.
Chr.
1607.
they
sought
out
another
who
might
with
credit
bear
the
Rule
in
an
Illustrious
School
,
and
therefore
called
Wallaeus
to
the
place
:
But
Wallaeus
would
by
no
means
accept
of
it
,
knowing
what
a
tedious
thing
it
was
to
govern
boys
,
and
how
subject
he
should
be
to
calumnies
in
dieting
them
.
Wherefore
the
care
of
both
was
devolved
upon
Giles
Bursius
Pastor
of
Middleborough
,
and
the
instructing
them
was
committed
to
Justus
Lyraeus
afterwards
Professor
at
Vtrich
:
Yet
Wallaeus
undertook
the
care
of
the
School
,
and
to
read
Lectures
of
Greek
and
Philosophy
to
them
.
In
these
Lectures
he
explained
Homer
,
Hesiod
,
Wallaeus
his
Lectures
.
and
other
Authors
:
In
Philosophy
he
read
Ethicks
,
Physicks
,
Astronomy
,
and
Opticks
:
and
now
Gomarus
being
come
to
them
,
they
prepared
all
things
that
belonged
to
an
Illustrious
School
:
the
place
was
appointed
in
the
Quire
of
the
new
Church
,
and
Gomarus
was
to
read
and
interpret
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
and
to
discuss
the
Common
places
in
his
Publick
Disputations
:
James
Meivartius
was
to
read
Philosophy
:
So
that
the
fame
of
the
School
began
to
spread
abroad
:
and
the
Magistrates
of
Middleborough
profered
to
Wallaeus
the
place
which
was
reserved
●or
him
,
viz.
to
be
Professor
of
Divinity
Common
places
.
At
this
Gomarus
(
who
too
much
indulged
his
passions
)
was
displeased
,
Gomarus
his
ingratitude
.
opposed
himself
,
and
accused
Wallaeus
of
Heresie
,
for
that
when
he
was
a
Student
at
Leiden
,
he
stifly
defended
that
there
were
three
souls
in
man
.
The
Magistrates
were
more
offended
this
opposition
then
was
Wallaeus
:
for
Wallaeus
presently
disclaimed
the
choice
,
who
having
never
in
his
life
sought
after
any
place
,
was
now
much
more
content
with
his
present
condition
,
and
would
not
so
far
offend
his
old
Master
,
as
against
his
will
to
be
chosen
for
his
Colleague
.
No
injury
did
ever
so
disturb
the
mind
of
Wallaeus
as
to
discompose
it
,
Wallaeus
his
modesty
.
or
make
him
unlike
himself
.
But
in
the
mean
time
the
people
were
very
angry
that
their
beloved
Minister
was
thus
disgraced
by
him
who
formerly
by
his
publick
testimony
had
attested
the
purity
of
his
Doctrine
.
But
it
so
fell
out
about
that
time
〈◊〉
Lord
of
Plessi●
called
Wallaeus
to
Salmur
,
H●
is
called
to
〈◊〉
.
who
getting
leave
to
depart
went
thither
Anno
Christi
1615
but
stayed
not
long
.
Upon
this
occasion
they
of
〈◊〉
,
being
stirred
up
by
Hugh
Grotius
,
Returns
●o
〈◊〉
would
not
suffer
the
City
of
〈◊〉
to
have
an
Illustrious
School
,
so
that
it
was
nipt
in
the
bud
,
and
Meivartius
returned
to
his
Grammer
School
again
:
Only
the
Magistrates
of
Middleborough
requested
Wallaeus
that
some
times
he
would
read
Greek
and
Philosophical
Lectures
,
and
would
go
on
with
his
Common
places
,
that
so
they
might
still
keep
up
the
face
of
an
Illustrious
School
:
which
accordingly
he
did
,
and
yet
neglected
not
his
work
in
the
Ministry
.
Shortly
after
at
the
command
and
request
of
the
Churches
of
Zeland
,
He
answereth
Baga●d
.
and
at
the
importunity
of
some
of
the
chief
Ministers
of
Holland
,
he
answered
Vtenbogard
,
wherein
he
shewed
that
the
Authority
which
was
granted
by
the
Magistrates
to
the
Belgick
Church
was
agreeable
to
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
and
the
custom
of
the
Primitive
Church
.
By
this
Book
Wallaeus
everywhere
gat
the
name
of
a
very
learned
man
,
and
of
one
that
deserved
well
of
the
Church
,
because
he
had
thereby
freed
the
Church
from
that
aspersion
cast
upon
it
by
the
Remonstrants
that
it
was
disobedient
to
Magistracy
.
He
deserved
also
thanks
from
many
Polititians
because
he
took
away
from
some
of
their
society
that
pretence
whereby
they
oppressed
the
Churches
.
Bogards
brag
.
Vtenbogard
himself
could
not
but
acknowledge
that
the
Book
was
learned
and
full
of
modesty
,
yet
he
pretended
that
he
would
return
a
speedy
answer
,
for
which
cause
he
gate
leave
of
the
Deputies
of
the
States
to
write
again
:
But
though
he
easily
obtained
leave
,
yet
wrote
he
not
:
only
about
thirty
years
after
,
and
seven
years
after
the
death
of
Wallaeus
,
he
would
seem
to
return
an
answer
,
though
it
contained
nothing
in
it
but
glorious
promises
and
empty
performances
.
Wallaeus
was
not
content
to
have
thus
taken
away
the
chiefest
pillar
to
the
dissention
,
Wallaeus
endeavors
peace
.
but
endeavoured
also
to
quiet
the
people
,
and
to
moderate
the
Magistrates
of
Holland
:
whereupon
he
set
forth
a
treatise
shewing
the
people
how
they
should
demean
themselves
when
any
difference
sprang
up
amongst
the
Pastors
about
Religion
:
The
Magistrates
he
sought
to
reconcile
to
the
Ministers
by
the
means
of
Hugh
Grotius
,
a
man
very
familiar
with
him
because
of
his
Learning
:
who
from
an
hope
of
succeeding
B●●nevelt
in
his
dignity
,
was
looked
upon
as
his
right
hand
.
From
him
he
extorted
this
speech
,
That
he
saw
no
better
means
to
compose
the
difference
then
by
a
National
Synod
,
which
if
it
was
denyed
,
God
would
punish
them
for
it
.
In
the
mean
time
the
dissentions
increased
dayly
in
Holland
,
and
threatned
the
ruine
of
one
,
if
not
of
both
parties
:
Six
of
the
Cities
of
Holland
did
openly
oppose
themselves
against
the
Decrees
concerning
the
Vocation
of
Pastors
,
and
of
tolerating
the
Controversies
of
Religion
on
both
sides
:
The
Ministers
also
refused
to
obey
them
,
yea
the
Remonstrants
themselves
,
especially
those
which
were
framed
by
Hugh
Grotius
at
the
instigation
of
Vtenbogard
that
set
bounds
to
the
Ministers
,
from
which
in
handling
Controversies
it
was
not
lawful
for
them
to
deviate
.
Yet
the
Magistrates
would
have
them
obeyed
;
Remonstrants
persecute
the
Orthodox
.
and
such
Pastors
as
refused
,
were
forbidden
the
exercise
of
their
Ministry
;
and
such
as
were
more
pertinacious
,
were
cast
out
of
their
Cities
:
and
such
Citizens
as
most
favoured
them
were
banished
:
And
though
they
were
restored
again
by
the
Presidents
of
Justice
who
judged
it
to
be
not
a
correction
but
a
faction
,
yet
the
Magistrates
would
not
suffer
them
to
come
into
the
Cities
:
whereupon
they
were
filled
with
animosities
on
both
sides
:
and
at
last
the
Magistrates
not
daring
to
trust
their
Citizens
,
gathered
souldiers
.
But
this
dissention
was
no
where
more
conspicuous
,
nor
hotter
then
at
the
Hague
.
Vtenbogard
,
Bagards
subtilty
.
who
had
sometimes
stirred
up
his
hearers
to
use
all
extremity
,
would
now
seem
moderate
,
having
gotten
so
much
power
in
the
Church
,
which
that
he
might
hold
,
he
perswaded
them
to
yeeld
something
to
the
Contra-Remonstrants
:
But
some
sharp
sights
perceived
that
this
was
but
a
trick
to
deceive
the
Pastors
,
and
seduce
the
people
,
Rosaeus
opposeth
him
.
whereupon
Henry
Rosaeus
an
eloquent
and
couragious
man
took
heart
to
discover
the
fraud
to
the
people
,
shewing
that
poyson
lay
under
this
honey
:
Upon
this
the
Magistrates
forbade
him
the
use
of
his
Ministry
:
But
the
people
who
now
saw
the
fraud
,
would
not
hear
Vtenbogard
any
longer
,
but
resorted
to
Sermons
in
the
neighbor
Village
of
Ri●wick
:
This
the
Magistrates
sought
to
hinder
:
The
people
stand
for
the
t●uth
.
On
the
contrary
the
people
urged
that
either
Rosaeus
,
or
some
other
Preacher
of
the
Reformed
Religion
(
for
which
they
had
spent
so
much
treasure
and
blood
)
should
be
allowed
them
:
Against
this
Vtenbogard
opposed
himself
,
and
laying
aside
his
pretence
of
moderation
,
sought
by
all
means
to
hinder
the
gratifying
of
the
people
in
their
request
.
Prince
Morice
observing
that
not
so
much
the
Ministers
as
himself
was
aimed
at
,
Prince
Morice
sides
with
the
Ort●odox
.
and
that
by
his
connivence
the
power
of
Barnevelt
and
his
adversaries
was
increased
,
he
began
penly
to
favour
the
Contra-Remonstrants
,
and
requested
the
States
of
Holland
that
they
might
have
a
Church
and
Minister
allowed
them
:
But
the
Nobles
and
the
twelve
Cities
much
opposed
it
:
yet
still
the
Prince
urged
it
,
and
seeing
the
Contra-Remonstrants
desired
but
reason
,
he
procured
the
English
Church
at
the
Hague
to
be
allowed
them
:
which
when
it
would
not
receive
all
the
Auditors
,
they
took
another
Church
,
brought
in
Henry
Rosaeus
,
and
frequented
his
Sermons
.
Barnevelt
and
his
associates
were
much
troubled
at
this
,
as
if
violence
was
profered
to
their
authority
:
But
seeing
that
the
Contra-Remonstrants
had
no
more
granted
them
but
what
was
equal
,
they
suffered
that
which
they
knew
not
how
to
prevent
.
They
get
a
Church
in
the
Hague
.
By
this
example
the
Contra-Remonstrants
everywhere
took
courage
,
and
the
people
sided
with
them
,
seeing
the
Prince
to
favour
them
,
who
was
so
beloved
and
esteemed
of
them
.
But
the
Contra-Remonstrants
of
the
Hague
thought
it
not
enough
to
have
a
Church
and
Preacher
,
but
in
so
illustrious
a
place
they
must
make
it
appear
that
their
opinions
and
Doctrine
was
better
then
that
of
the
Remonstrants
:
But
when
Vtenbogard
excelled
Rosaeus
in
Learning
,
and
daily
provoked
him
to
Disputation
,
some
other
must
be
sent
for
that
might
cool
his
boasting
:
For
which
end
none
was
judged
fitter
then
our
Wallaeus
,
and
therefore
Anno
Christi
1617.
Deputies
were
sent
from
the
Church
of
Hague
and
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
Wallaeus
sent
for
to
the
Hague
.
with
the
consent
of
the
Magistrates
,
to
fetch
him
from
Middleborough
for
a
time
to
be
a
Pastor
of
the
Church
at
Hague
.
As
soon
as
he
was
come
thither
,
he
began
in
his
Sermons
to
set
down
the
state
of
the
controversie
,
to
weigh
the
Arguments
of
both
sides
;
to
answer
those
of
the
Remonstrants
,
and
to
vindicate
those
of
the
Contra-Remonstrants
;
and
so
fully
to
instruct
the
people
in
these
controversies
.
Then
did
Vtenbogard
give
over
his
talk
of
disputing
,
who
well
knew
the
Learning
of
Wallaeus
.
But
his
followers
who
did
not
know
Waellaeus
so
well
,
sometimes
set
upon
him
.
And
first
of
all
La
Ha●e
,
a
Preacher
of
the
Remonstrants
as
soon
as
the
Sermon
was
ended
before
the
Auditory
was
dissolved
,
His
Disputations
.
began
to
contend
with
him
about
the
Perseverance
of
Saints
:
But
Wallaeus
dealt
so
modestly
with
him
,
equally
considering
his
arguments
,
solidly
and
clearly
answering
them
,
and
urging
others
with
such
acuteness
and
judgement
,
that
the
man
having
nothing
to
answer
,
shrunk
away
with
shame
.
The
Remonstrants
thinking
to
repair
this
disgrace
,
challenged
Wallaeus
to
a
new
Disputation
,
wherein
an
Eloquent
and
nimble
Lawyer
was
appointed
to
assist
La
Haye
:
But
this
Disputation
was
to
be
in
a
private
house
where
should
be
present
only
two
Elders
for
witnesses
:
Wallaeus
refused
it
not
:
And
when
they
were
met
,
the
Lawyer
began
very
contentiously
to
propound
the
point
of
Predestination
;
Wallaeus
answered
mildly
,
but
solidly
,
whereby
he
tamed
the
fierceness
of
his
adversary
:
But
when
some
hundreds
of
both
parts
pressed
into
the
house
to
hear
,
the
Remonstrants
fearing
the
like
event
of
this
Disputation
as
was
of
the
former
,
It
s
broken
off
.
would
proceed
no
further
,
saying
,
that
such
a
conference
should
not
be
where
so
many
were
present
.
Wallaeus
not
content
with
this
,
often
invited
Vtenbogard
to
a
conference
,
especially
by
the
Lady
Alice
Coligni
,
the
Widdow
of
William
Prince
of
Orang●
,
because
Vtenbogard
had
by
her
formerly
challenged
Rosaeus
to
a
publick
dispute
:
but
Vtenbogard
always
by
excuses
evaded
it
:
By
which
means
the
Doctrine
of
the
Contra-Remonstrants
began
to
flourish
again
at
the
Hague
.
The
cause
of
the
Contra-Remonstrants
was
especially
defended
by
John
Becius
of
Dort
,
Henry
Vander
Leyden
of
Delph
,
The
truth
prevailes
.
Fest●us
Hommius
of
Leiden
,
Peter
Plantius
,
and
James
Triglandius
of
Amsterdam
,
learned
and
wise
men
,
who
were
much
esteemed
by
the
people
:
These
men
formerly
in
all
weighty
matters
used
still
to
consult
with
Wallaeus
,
and
now
they
were
wholly
guided
by
him
:
The
Magistrates
of
Amsterdam
,
who
were
the
chief
of
those
that
defended
the
Contra-Remonstrants
,
His
prudence
made
much
use
of
.
continually
by
their
Deputies
consulted
with
Wallaeus
:
and
when
they
had
any
business
of
weight
,
they
earnestly
importuned
him
to
be
present
both
in
their
Presbytery
and
City-Council
to
assist
with
his
advice
:
And
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
of
whom
it
was
wittily
said
that
when
he
sate
on
Horseback
,
he
had
all
his
Counsellors
with
him
,
yet
)
had
Wallaeus
for
his
intimate
Counsellor
in
all
things
which
either
concerned
Religion
,
or
this
Controversie
.
So
that
no
day
passed
wherein
he
did
not
require
his
counsel
,
and
sometime
spent
whole
nights
in
deliberating
with
him
,
that
he
might
conclude
upon
such
matters
as
he
was
to
dispatch
the
next
day
.
For
indeed
he
much
esteemed
Wallaeus
,
because
though
he
was
very
prudent
,
yet
would
he
never
dissemble
,
His
integrity
.
and
all
his
counsels
were
free
from
craft
.
For
this
candor
he
was
respected
by
the
Remonstrants
themselves
;
His
candor
.
for
they
knew
which
ways
his
counsels
tended
,
that
though
he
would
have
the
Contra-Remonstrants
setled
,
yet
he
would
not
have
the
Remonstrants
destroyed
,
perswading
himself
that
if
the
contentions
were
once
composed
,
and
men
could
with
a
more
calm
minde
weigh
things
indifferently
,
many
of
them
would
return
to
the
Truth
:
He
also
maintained
familiarity
with
Grotius
and
others
of
the
Remonstrants
as
formerly
he
had
done
,
and
would
have
taken
them
off
from
Barnevelt
,
but
that
(
as
they
used
to
say
)
a
greater
humane
power
hindred
them
.
By
these
means
Wallaeus
was
a
chief
instrument
of
bringing
the
whole
controversie
to
the
decision
of
a
National
Synod
,
and
took
care
that
due
preparation
should
be
made
for
the
same
,
which
when
he
had
effected
,
he
left
the
Hague
:
Indeed
the
Prince
of
Orange
endeavoured
to
hinder
his
departure
,
and
chose
him
for
his
Court-Preacher
:
but
Wallaeus
wholly
disliked
that
course
of
life
,
as
prejudicial
to
his
studies
,
and
dangerous
,
seeing
he
must
either
flatter
,
or
hazard
the
loss
of
great
mens
favour
,
and
incur
their
frowns
.
Anno
Christi
1618.
His
return
to
Middleborough
.
he
returned
to
Middleborough
where
he
found
the
great
love
of
the
people
to
him
;
whilst
many
came
to
meet
him
:
His
Colleagues
and
the
Magistrates
visited
him
with
many
expressions
of
their
great
love
.
The
Controversies
between
the
Remonstrants
and
Contra-Remonstrants
was
not
now
confined
within
the
bounds
of
Holland
,
Heresie
like
a
Gangrene
.
but
it
spread
into
Vtrich
,
Overisle
,
Gelderland
;
yea
as
far
as
Sedan
;
where
Daniel
Tilenus
,
an
Eloquent
man
,
but
no
deep
Scholar
,
by
degrees
began
to
vent
the
Remonstrants
Doctrines
,
and
drew
in
Aur●tus
a
Minister
,
and
a
better
man
then
himself
,
though
not
so
learned
.
But
Ramboursius
the
Cout-Preacher
discovered
him
,
so
that
by
the
Duke
of
Bovillian
he
was
forced
to
leave
his
Professors
place
and
depart
.
For
the
supply
of
which
place
,
He
is
sent
for
to
Sedan
.
and
to
build
up
what
Tilenus
had
pulled
down
,
Wallaeus
was
again
called
to
Sedan
:
and
all
means
were
used
to
prevail
for
his
remove
.
The
messenger
was
Francis
Arsenius
,
a
man
famous
for
such
employments
,
and
Wallaeus
his
old
friend
,
then
whom
that
Age
had
not
a
man
of
more
Learning
,
Judgement
and
Experience
.
The
conditions
were
very
large
,
and
indeed
better
then
the
other
Professors
did
obtain
:
The
Dukes
invitation
was
serious
,
frequent
,
and
friendly
:
yet
could
not
Wallaeus
get
away
from
his
wife
and
friends
:
and
for
those
large
conditions
which
were
profered
him
,
the
Middleburgians
would
have
doubled
his
stipend
rather
then
part
with
him
:
Besides
,
it
seemed
grievous
to
him
who
was
now
forty
five
years
old
to
change
his
Country
and
Customs
,
and
leaving
his
old
and
intimate
friends
to
go
to
strangers
:
wherefore
returning
humble
and
hearty
thanks
to
the
Duke
,
He
refuses
to
go
thither
.
he
told
him
that
he
thought
he
should
never
leave
Middleborough
.
In
the
mean
time
the
States
of
the
United
Provinces
(
observing
that
the
factions
in
Holland
tended
to
the
dissolution
of
the
League
,
Division
dangerous
.
and
to
the
indangering
the
ruine
of
all
the
Provinces
)
seriously
thought
of
a
way
of
cure
:
and
by
the
advice
of
Reiner
Pavias
a
Consul
of
Amsterdam
,
a
man
of
great
Authority
,
and
by
the
instigation
of
Grave
Moris
,
they
Decreed
and
called
a
National
Synod
:
A
Synod
called
.
and
withall
required
the
Prince
of
Orange
to
disband
those
Souldiers
which
the
Magistrate
of
Vtri●h
had
raised
,
and
to
put
the
Magistrate
out
of
his
Office
,
and
to
substitute
another
in
his
room
.
To
these
things
Barnevelt
openly
opposed
himself
by
the
Nobility
,
and
twelve
Cities
of
Holland
:
and
with
all
his
endeavour
sought
to
impede
the
Synod
by
sending
to
forreign
Kings
and
Princes
,
by
provoking
them
of
Vtrich
(
who
began
to
quail
)
profering
them
help
to
prevent
the
putting
down
of
their
Magistrate
,
and
disbanding
their
Souldiers
.
Whereupon
the
States
of
the
united
Provinces
required
the
Prince
of
Orange
to
imprison
the
heads
of
the
contrary
faction
,
viz.
Barnevelt
,
Rombert
Hagerbetius
,
Hugh
Grotius
,
Giles
Ledenbergius
,
The
Remonstrants
imprisoned
.
and
to
disband
the
rest
of
the
souldiery
that
was
collected
in
Holland
:
To
purge
the
Cities
of
disaffected
Magistrates
,
and
to
substitute
better
in
their
rooms
.
All
which
were
effected
without
any
tumult
or
effusion
of
blood
,
so
displeasing
were
those
Mastrates
to
the
Citizens
:
after
which
all
the
other
Magistrates
consented
to
the
Synod
appointed
at
Dort
.
In
this
Synod
the
flower
of
all
the
Reformed
Churches
met
together
,
The
Synod
begins
.
and
amongst
them
our
Wallaeus
who
had
a
place
assigned
him
amongst
the
Low-country
Professors
,
and
was
appointed
one
of
the
Directors
of
the
Synod
,
but
that
the
Pastors
had
in
private
agreed
amongst
themselves
to
chuse
only
such
as
were
Professors
.
It
was
the
unhappiness
of
the
Remonstrants
that
they
had
Simon
Episcopius
for
their
President
,
who
was
a
hot
,
imprudent
,
and
cholerick
man
,
by
whose
advice
it
was
that
the
Remonstrants
would
not
submit
to
the
Laws
of
the
Synod
:
wherefore
the
work
of
the
Synod
was
to
finde
out
the
state
of
the
Controversie
by
the
writings
of
the
Remonstrants
,
and
accurately
to
propound
it
in
the
Fundamentals
themselves
:
To
examine
them
by
the
Word
of
God
,
and
to
see
of
what
weight
they
were
.
In
the
government
of
the
whole
Synod
,
John
Bogerman
excelled
,
How
the
affairs
of
it
were
carryed
on
.
being
Prolocutor
in
it
;
and
indeed
a
more
fit
man
could
not
have
been
chosen
.
Festus
Hommius
was
imployed
in
proposing
the
state
of
the
Controversie
,
who
often
conferred
with
Wallaeus
about
it
:
But
in
weighing
the
controversies
,
strengthening
,
or
enervating
Arguments
,
and
in
vindicating
them
from
exceptions
,
Wallaeus
excelled
:
whereupon
when
any
difficulty
arose
,
as
the
Explication
of
the
Epistle
to
the
Romanes
,
&c.
it
was
committed
to
Wallaeus
;
If
any
thing
was
to
be
accurately
and
prudently
defined
,
it
was
committed
to
Waellaeus
:
And
he
was
chosen
for
one
of
those
that
drew
up
the
Canons
of
the
Synod
,
and
set
down
reasons
why
the
Doctrine
of
the
Remonstrants
was
rejected
:
And
it
was
judged
that
the
wisdom
of
Wallaeus
prevailed
much
to
procure
the
unanimous
consent
of
the
Synod
thereunto
.
Wallaeus
highly
esteemed
.
Wherefore
of
the
Politicians
and
strangers
,
who
had
no
cause
of
envy
,
he
was
much
esteemed
:
yea
he
so
demeaned
himself
that
Giles
Bursius
his
aemulus
acknowledged
that
Wallaeus
excelled
all
in
the
Synod
,
who
made
this
acknowledgement
to
the
Wallacrian
Classis
from
whom
he
was
delegated
.
God
so
blessed
the
labors
of
all
in
this
Synod
,
that
the
Remonstrants
themselves
had
no
cause
to
complain
.
Controversies
were
so
decided
,
difficulties
so
expedited
,
that
all
godly
and
learned
men
were
abundantly
satisfied
;
and
from
thence
forwards
the
roots
of
Remonstrancy
were
so
cut
off
,
that
presently
it
began
to
wither
:
And
all
things
were
managed
with
that
modesty
,
all
things
dispatched
with
that
unanimous
consent
,
that
never
was
the
like
from
the
Primitive
times
.
All
Controversies
being
now
determined
,
and
the
Cause
of
the
Remonstrants
judged
,
the
chief
Patrons
of
the
Remonstrants
were
condemned
of
Treason
by
the
Delegates
of
the
States
of
the
United
Provinces
1.
The
Remonstrants
condemned
.
The
persons
condemned
were
Barnevelt
,
Hogerbetius
,
Grotius
,
and
Ledenburgius
:
This
last
by
killing
himself
prevented
the
punishment
.
And
James
Schot
Consul
of
Middleborough
,
one
of
those
Delegates
,
was
sent
by
the
States
to
Dort
to
fetch
Wallaeus
to
the
Hague
,
who
accordingly
brought
him
thither
,
May
the
12.
privily
,
that
so
the
people
might
have
no
suspition
of
the
punishment
intended
to
the
Remonstrants
:
By
the
way
he
told
Wallaeus
that
the
States
sent
for
him
to
prepare
the
Prisoners
for
death
,
they
judging
that
by
his
prudence
and
perswasions
he
might
best
of
all
other
men
effect
it
.
Wallaeus
when
he
saw
that
he
could
not
avoid
the
employment
,
yet
desired
that
he
might
not
be
the
first
messenger
of
death
to
them
:
that
he
might
be
spared
from
dealing
at
all
with
Grotius
in
regard
of
his
former
friendship
contracted
with
him
;
and
that
he
might
not
be
present
at
their
death
,
which
he
could
not
bear
without
much
trouble
of
minde
.
Being
come
to
the
Hague
,
in
the
Evening
,
Wallaeus
is
s●nt
to
prepare
them
for
death
.
●chot
went
to
the
Deputies
and
Judges
to
acquaint
them
that
Wallaeus
was
come
,
and
to
tell
them
what
request
he
had
made
to
him
.
Whereupon
the
Advocates
Fiscal
were
sent
to
Barnevelt
to
tell
him
that
the
next
day
he
was
to
be
judged
and
put
to
death
:
and
Schot
in
the
mean
time
went
to
Wallaeus
to
tell
him
that
his
requests
were
granted
,
that
Hogerbetius
and
G●otius
,
though
they
were
condemned
,
should
not
be
executed
,
but
kept
in
perpetual
Prison
:
That
the
Advocates
Fiscal
were
sent
to
Barnevelt
to
acquaint
him
that
the
next
day
he
was
to
dye
,
and
that
therefore
the
Delegates
and
Judges
requested
him
to
make
haste
to
him
,
and
so
about
six
a
clock
Wallaeus
was
conducted
to
the
Prison
to
Barnevelt
.
When
he
came
into
his
chamber
he
found
him
full
of
perplexity
,
He
comes
to
Barnevelt
.
writing
to
his
wife
and
children
to
acquaint
them
with
the
message
of
his
death
:
and
at
first
he
was
unwilling
to
have
any
speech
with
Wallaeus
:
but
after
a
while
he
became
more
calm
,
yet
complained
of
the
hard
measure
that
he
met
with
from
the
States
whom
he
had
served
for
forty
three
years
:
He
would
feign
have
taken
some
rest
that
night
,
but
could
not
:
The
next
morning
when
he
had
heard
his
sentence
read
,
he
was
had
to
the
place
of
Execution
;
at
which
time
he
told
the
people
,
that
he
dyed
not
a
Traitor
,
but
a
Patriot
.
At
the
place
of
Execution
he
asked
his
man
whether
no
man
came
?
Belike
expecting
a
Pardon
:
Barnevelt
beheaded
.
but
when
his
servant
told
him
that
there
was
none
,
kneeling
down
,
his
head
was
cut
off
.
The
day
following
Wallaeus
returned
to
Dort
,
and
attended
upon
the
affairs
of
the
Synod
till
the
end
of
May
;
at
which
time
he
had
some
money
given
him
;
and
with
the
rest
was
invited
to
a
Publick
Feast
:
and
afterwards
with
some
principal
men
,
he
was
privately
feasted
by
the
States
Delegates
,
Wallaeus
returns
to
Middleborough
.
and
so
was
dismissed
honorably
.
These
things
being
dispatched
,
the
States
of
Holland
,
least
the
commotions
now
suppressed
,
should
break
forth
again
,
thought
fit
in
the
first
place
to
take
care
of
the
University
of
Leiden
,
which
was
the
Seminary
both
of
their
Church
and
State
;
And
for
that
end
they
resolved
to
add
to
John
Poliander
the
Divinity
Professor
,
New
Professors
at
Leiden
.
Andrew
Rivet
,
Anthony
Wallaeus
,
and
Anthony
Thysius
:
To
Rivet
they
sent
Thomas
Erpenius
the
Arabick
Professor
:
To
Thysius
,
Adrian
Pavius
Syn●ic
of
Amsterdam
:
And
to
Wallaeus
,
Rochus
Honartius
Senator
of
the
Supream
Court
,
and
Peter
Deiman
chief
Consul
of
Leiden
,
who
came
to
him
to
Middleborough
in
the
midst
of
July
to
acquaint
him
with
his
Election
,
and
to
urge
him
to
accept
of
it
:
Wallaeus
sent
for
.
They
also
presented
him
with
the
Letters
of
Prince
Maurice
requesting
the
same
of
him
.
Yet
did
Wallaeus
desire
that
he
might
have
time
to
consider
of
it
,
telling
them
that
he
would
seek
unto
God
by
Prayer
,
and
advise
with
his
friends
with
the
Church
and
Magistrate
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Delegates
earnestly
sollicited
the
Presbyterie
and
Magistrates
to
give
their
consents
,
which
at
last
with
much
ado
they
obtained
;
because
he
was
to
go
to
Leiden
where
he
might
take
care
of
theirs
as
well
as
of
the
Holland
Youths
.
His
friends
stuck
somewhat
at
it
because
he
had
as
good
a
stipend
at
Middleborough
as
he
was
to
have
at
Lei●en
;
and
though
at
Leiden
he
might
bring
up
his
sons
at
the
University
,
yet
being
so
far
from
his
friends
,
he
could
not
place
them
forth
as
well
to
honest
Callings
as
at
Middleborough
:
●o
satisfie
these
therefore
,
he
had
also
a
Pastors
place
in
Leiden
profered
him
.
He
inclines
to
go
.
Wallaeus
thought
that
he
might
not
resist
this
call
,
because
he
was
not
so
much
to
form
one
Church
by
it
,
as
to
prepare
Pastors
for
many
:
nor
so
much
to
govern
one
Church
,
as
to
assist
with
his
counsels
all
the
Belgick
Churches
.
September
the
tenth
he
preached
his
farewel
Sermon
,
Peoples
love
to
their
Pastor
.
which
filled
his
people
with
sighs
and
tears
:
so
that
it
seemed
rather
that
children
were
to
part
with
their
Father
,
then
people
with
their
Pastor
.
During
his
abode
at
Middleborough
he
much
wanted
his
health
,
His
dise●ses
.
being
troubled
with
Rheumes
,
Collick
,
Feavers
and
other
Diseases
:
Sometimes
also
having
an
intermitting
Pulse
,
the
cause
whereof
was
partly
hereditary
from
his
Mother
,
and
partly
by
reason
of
studying
so
soon
after
meals
,
scarce
affording
any
rest
to
his
minde
,
or
food
for
the
refreshing
of
his
body
:
yet
a
healthful
and
diligent
wife
much
cheered
him
up
He
had
seven
children
,
His
children
.
five
daughters
and
two
sons
,
whereof
two
dyed
very
young
;
the
other
he
took
much
pleasure
and
delight
in
September
the
nineteenth
he
removed
with
all
his
family
to
Leiden
:
He
comes
to
〈◊〉
.
where
he
was
entertained
honor●bly
with
a
Public●
Feast
by
the
Magistrate
,
with
much
congratulation
by
th●
University
,
and
very
heartily
by
his
old
friends
.
At
Le●den
he
was
presently
graced
with
the
Degree
of
a
Doctor
,
He
is
made
a
Doctor
.
without
any
Examination
,
which
is
used
at
other
times
.
October
the
21.
His
Ora●ion
.
being
to
begin
his
Professorship
,
he
made
an
Oratios
about
the
right
regulating
the
study
of
Divinity
:
which
was
received
by
a
great
Auditory
,
with
the
great
applause
of
all
:
yet
it
presently
displeased
himself
,
because
he
observed
that
many
things
are
excellently
conceived
which
cannot
be
brought
into
practise
.
Presently
after
came
Anthony
Thysius
,
The
other
Professors
come
.
and
not
long
after
him
Andrew
Rivet
out
of
France
,
to
adorn
the
Profession
of
Divinity
:
who
as
they
were
all
men
of
great
note
,
so
by
their
excellent
parts
they
made
that
Faculty
far
more
famous
.
Each
of
them
had
his
several
gifts
wherein
he
excelled
:
Thysius
in
Memory
;
Th●ir
several
excellencies
.
and
Wallaeus
and
Rivet
in
Judgement
;
and
Polyander
in
dexterity
of
performance
.
In
actions
Thysius
was
fervent
;
Wallaeus
full
of
vigor
:
Rivet
was
somewhat
slower
,
and
Polyander
very
calm
,
&c.
The
first
care
of
these
men
was
to
prevent
all
discord
in
matters
of
Divinity
;
Their
Prudence
.
wherefore
they
testified
their
mutual
agreement
by
subscribing
the
Catechism
of
Heidleberg
,
and
the
Belgick
Confession
of
Faith
.
They
resolved
that
none
of
them
would
pass
his
judgement
about
any
Controversie
in
Divinity
,
about
the
Government
of
the
Church
,
and
in
cases
of
Conscience
apart
,
but
by
mutual
consulting
each
with
other
:
That
no
Theses
should
be
publickly
disputed
of
,
till
all
had
seen
and
approved
them
.
That
no
book
should
be
printed
till
all
had
examined
and
consented
thereto
.
The
like
care
they
took
to
train
up
young
Students
to
the
same
unanimity
in
Religion
:
Their
care
to
train
up
youth
.
for
which
end
they
agreed
upon
one
rule
and
method
by
which
all
their
studies
should
be
directed
:
And
because
these
Controversies
with
the
Remonstrants
had
occasioned
the
fuller
clearing
of
many
points
in
Divinity
,
and
had
taught
them
to
speak
more
cautiously
in
many
things
:
Therefore
in
their
Publick
Disputations
they
went
over
the
whole
Body
of
Divinity
,
out
of
which
they
published
their
Book
which
they
called
Synopsis
purioris
Theolog●●
.
Having
thus
setled
the
affairs
of
the
University
in
good
order
:
Their
adversaries
to
be
answered
.
they
began
to
consider
what
enemies
they
had
abroad
,
against
whom
the
Truth
was
to
be
defended
:
And
they
found
that
they
must
answer
John
Arnoldi
Corvinus
,
who
had
written
a
great
Volume
against
Peter
Du
Moulin
.
They
must
answer
the
Remonstrants
also
,
who
in
a
Book
called
Acta
Synodalia
Remonstrantium
,
had
inserted
such
things
as
might
confirm
their
own
opinions
,
and
invalidate
the
opinions
of
the
Contra-Remonstrants
.
Wallaeus
his
part
.
And
this
task
they
all
agreed
Wallaeus
should
undertake
;
who
afterwards
published
an
answer
to
both
those
Books
,
whereby
he
gat
very
great
credit
,
not
only
amongst
his
own
,
but
amongst
the
French
,
English
and
Scots
,
and
for
a
long
time
silenced
the
Remonstrants
.
In
the
mean
time
these
worthy
men
neglected
not
to
make
their
Professors
places
very
famous
.
The
Old
Testament
was
expounded
by
Rivet
and
Thysius
;
His
imployment
in
the
University
.
the
New
by
Polyander
:
But
Wallaeus
was
imployed
in
reading
Common
places
,
which
was
accounted
the
more
grateful
and
more
worthy
imployment
.
In
these
Common
places
he
did
not
cull
out
here
and
there
one
head
;
but
went
over
the
whole
Body
of
Divinity
:
handling
each
head
fully
,
but
principally
insisting
upon
those
Controversies
or
difficulties
wherewith
the
Church
was
most
molested
:
Yet
stood
he
not
upon
answering
all
Arguments
of
the
Adversaries
;
but
chose
out
those
which
had
most
weight
in
them
,
by
answering
whereof
,
the
other
fell
of
themselves
:
But
he
was
most
copious
and
acurate
in
the
Modern
Controversies
;
as
De
Deo
against
Vorstius
,
De
Sabbatho
,
De
Praedestinatione
:
of
the
Authority
of
Magistrates
in
Ecclesiastical
affairs
,
and
such
like
:
concluding
all
,
not
so
much
by
the
strength
of
Humane
Reason
,
as
by
the
clear
Word
of
God
▪
whereupon
the
greatest
confluence
of
Auditors
attended
upon
Wallaeus
.
His
great
Aud●tory
.
And
one
of
his
Colleagues
thinking
that
he
had
so
many
Auditors
because
he
read
Common
places
:
he
also
fell
upon
the
same
subject
;
but
when
he
saw
that
he
labored
in
vain
,
he
gave
it
over
again
.
But
seeing
it
was
not
enough
for
them
thus
to
instruct
their
Auditors
in
the
knowledge
of
Divinity
,
except
also
they
prepared
the
Candidates
for
the
Ministry
,
His
care
of
Candidates
.
enabling
them
rightly
to
defend
the
Truth
,
and
to
enervate
the
Adversaries
Arguments
:
This
therefore
they
effected
by
Disputations
,
wherein
all
were
very
diligent
,
but
especially
Wallaeus
and
P●lyander
.
Wallaeus
would
not
suffer
those
things
to
be
propounded
for
Disputation
,
wherein
the
Reformed
might
freely
differ
amongst
themselves
.
He
would
not
suffer
the
Opponents
to
object
vain
things
which
were
unprofitable
:
He
would
not
suffer
them
to
oppose
immodestly
,
to
the
scandal
of
the
hearers
:
But
he
would
have
the
Defendant
clearly
repeat
the
Opponents
Argument
,
and
then
not
only
to
give
a
bare
answer
,
but
to
demonstrate
the
solidity
of
it
:
Truly
Wallaeus
in
his
Lectures
deserved
great
praise
;
but
in
Disputations
he
deserved
a
Triumph
.
Because
these
Candidates
in
Divinity
could
not
be
sufficiently
exercised
in
publick
,
His
great
pains
.
he
did
twice
a
week
in
private
explain
to
them
his
Enchiridion
of
the
Reformed
Religion
:
he
examined
it
,
and
appointed
them
to
dispute
upon
it
:
yea
he
set
up
divers
private
Lectures
wherein
he
confuted
the
Anabaptists
,
Socinians
and
Papists
.
He
caused
these
Candidates
also
often
to
Preach
in
private
,
wherein
he
directed
them
to
the
most
profitable
subjects
,
and
taught
them
how
they
should
prosecute
the
same
:
Neither
would
he
ever
take
any
thing
for
these
his
private
imployments
.
This
course
of
training
up
young
Students
he
continued
for
twenty
years
,
even
till
his
death
,
so
that
innumerable
Pastors
were
sent
forth
by
him
into
the
Church
,
amongst
which
many
were
admirable
Lights
,
which
were
a
great
comfort
and
rejoycing
to
him
.
In
the
Government
of
the
University
he
neither
made
nor
nourished
parties
:
but
when
any
differences
arose
,
he
always
sought
to
compose
them
:
He
is
a
great
Peace-maker
.
as
he
did
betwixt
Polyander
and
Thysius
:
between
Cunaeus
and
Burgersditius
,
amongst
whom
some
emulation
was
sprung
up
.
Wallaeus
himself
had
no
Enemy
but
only
Daniel
Heinsius
,
who
was
also
a
Gantois
,
and
seemed
somewhat
to
emulate
him
.
Yet
would
not
Wallaeus
do
any
thing
that
might
offend
Heinsius
;
neither
would
he
mingle
himself
in
the
contention
between
Salmatius
and
Heinsius
about
precedency
.
Wallaeus
his
next
care
was
that
all
the
Honors
of
the
University
(
so
far
as
might
be
)
should
be
equally
divided
amongst
his
Colleagues
,
His
self
denial
.
that
so
they
might
live
together
the
more
sweetly
,
and
might
labor
together
in
their
several
imployments
with
the
better
concord
:
So
that
when
he
should
have
been
chosen
Rector
of
the
University
,
he
sought
it
for
his
Colleague
:
Honors
follow
him
.
but
honour
followed
him
whilst
he
fled
from
it
:
so
that
he
was
often
Deputy
of
the
University
,
and
thrice
Rector
.
He
would
never
give
to
Candidates
his
testimony
for
their
lives
,
His
ca●●
in
giving
testimonials
.
and
proficiency
in
their
Studies
of
Divinity
,
except
they
deserved
it
:
Judging
it
better
to
offend
them
and
their
friends
,
then
to
deceive
the
Church
by
advancing
unworthy
persons
to
the
Ministry
:
which
faithfulness
of
his
was
taken
notice
of
,
so
that
many
were
rejected
till
they
could
get
the
testimony
of
Wallaeus
.
He
with
his
Colleagues
would
never
prefer
any
to
the
title
of
Doctors
,
except
they
were
conspicuous
for
their
Piety
,
and
eminent
for
Learning
.
He
had
more
Books
brought
to
him
to
License
then
he
could
possibly
read
over
:
for
which
cause
he
sent
many
of
them
to
the
Classes
of
Pastors
to
be
read
over
by
them
,
reserving
to
himself
only
such
as
handled
Controversies
of
greater
moment
.
These
Professors
would
meddle
with
no
cases
of
Conscience
,
but
such
as
concerned
Matrimony
;
as
for
all
others
that
came
to
them
,
they
sent
them
to
their
own
Pastors
,
whereby
they
much
eased
themselves
,
and
took
off
people
from
undervaluing
their
own
Ministers
.
And
in
cases
of
Matrimony
,
they
always
determined
them
with
such
sound
judgement
,
that
so
long
as
Wallaeus
lived
,
there
was
never
any
Church
or
Magistrate
that
had
cause
to
alter
what
they
had
determined
.
He
was
dayly
sought
to
for
advice
in
cases
of
Conscience
:
He
is
much
●●ught
to
for
advice
.
In
Controversies
of
Religion
,
and
about
Church
Government
,
by
Churches
,
Classes
,
Synods
,
Cities
,
States
,
and
Princes
,
to
all
whom
he
freely
imparted
his
counsel
.
The
States
General
and
the
States
of
Holland
would
never
suffer
any
Divinity
Book
to
be
Dedicated
to
them
till
Wallaeus
had
perused
,
and
set
his
●merimatur
to
it
.
They
would
never
suffer
any
Petitions
about
Controversies
in
Religion
,
or
about
reforming
the
peoples
lives
to
be
presented
to
them
,
till
he
had
approved
of
them
.
Frederick
King
of
Bohemia
would
give
no
answer
to
the
great
●urk
,
who
proffered
him
assistance
against
the
Emperour
,
till
he
had
consulted
with
Wallaeus
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
in
giving
Laws
to
Cities
conquered
by
him
would
always
consult
with
these
men
.
He
called
Polyander
and
Wallaeus
to
compose
a
difference
between
the
Magistrates
and
Ministers
of
Roterdam
,
that
had
tired
three
Synods
,
and
fifteen
Classes
.
Wallaeus
with
his
Colleagues
were
appointed
to
publish
the
Acts
of
the
Synod
of
Dort
:
The
Acts
of
the
Synod
of
Port.
because
it
was
very
necessary
for
all
the
Reformed
Churches
,
yea
for
all
the
World
to
know
in
what
way
and
order
the
cause
of
the
Remonstrants
had
been
examined
,
and
what
seemed
good
to
any
,
and
what
was
concluded
by
all
the
Fathers
in
that
assembly
:
and
herein
they
were
much
holpen
by
Festus
Hommius
,
who
was
the
Scribe
of
the
Synod
.
Presently
after
the
Publication
of
these
Synodal
Acts
,
The
Remonstrants
Acts.
the
Remonstrants
set
forth
another
,
wherein
in
some
particulars
they
sought
to
invalidate
those
Acts
:
but
their
cheif
design
was
to
confirm
their
own
opinion
by
Arguments
;
the
confuting
whereof
was
committed
to
Wallaeus
,
Wallaeus
answers
them
.
who
presently
answered
their
Acts
,
and
Corvinus
,
though
he
pretended
a
Reply
,
yet
quickly
gave
over
and
was
silent
.
But
presently
a
quarrel
sprang
up
between
the
Remonstrants
themselves
:
For
Vtenbogard
,
Corvinus
,
The
Remonstrants
div●ded
.
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Remonstrants
adhered
to
Arminius
,
and
would
depart
no
further
from
the
Orthodox
.
Episcopius
and
his
followers
joined
with
the
Socinians
:
Error
is
fruitful
,
and
is
ever
declining
from
bad
to
worse
.
Shortly
after
this
some
rose
up
that
endeavoured
a
Union
between
the
Contra-Remonstrants
and
the
Remonstrants
:
An
attempt
for
peace
.
On
the
Contra-Remonstrants
side
were
Cornelius
Dunganus
of
Vtrich
,
Godschalcus
Arlius
of
Arnheim
,
and
James
Testardus
Pastor
of
Blesa
:
On
the
Remonstrants
side
was
only
Anthony
Hornhovius
,
who
yet
lurked
amongst
the
Orthodox
Pastors
:
But
it
was
impossible
to
unite
those
that
held
such
contrary
opinions
.
There
was
more
hope
of
an
attempt
made
between
Wallaeus
and
Vtenbogardus
,
Another
attempt
.
which
was
to
consider
how
the
Remonstrants
might
be
admitted
into
the
Reformed
Churches
,
and
how
far
forth
they
might
be
tolerated
therein
.
And
it
was
concluded
that
such
of
them
might
be
admitted
as
members
,
as
were
free
from
the
Socinian
Errors
,
and
would
acknowledge
that
all
spiritual
and
saving
gifts
were
of
the
free
Grace
of
God
through
Christ
,
if
they
would
promise
that
in
other
things
they
would
not
disturb
the
Peace
of
the
Church
:
The
greatest
difficulty
was
about
their
Pastors
,
who
would
not
be
quiet
,
except
they
might
exercise
their
Ministry
,
and
enjoy
their
stipends
:
neither
would
they
be
tyed
to
silence
in
Controversies
:
The
〈◊〉
Confession
of
Faith
.
But
the
Remonstrants
setting
forth
a
Confession
of
their
Faith
brake
all
in
sunder
:
For
thereby
it
appeared
that
they
differed
from
the
Reformed
not
only
in
five
Articles
,
but
in
many
other
things
.
Whilst
Wallaeus
was
at
Middleborough
,
he
had
read
Ethicks
in
the
Schools
,
He
publishes
his
Ethicks
.
and
had
begun
to
make
a
Compendium
of
it
for
the
use
of
his
Scholars
,
but
finished
it
not
by
reason
of
his
remove
to
Leiden
:
wherefore
now
the
Curators
of
the
School
prevailed
with
him
to
compleat
that
Work
,
and
to
publish
it
for
the
use
of
that
School
:
And
it
found
such
acceptance
abroad
,
that
it
was
often
printed
,
and
by
Theod.
Schrevel●us
,
Master
of
the
School
of
〈◊〉
,
it
was
turned
into
Jambick
verse
.
Assoon
as
Walleu●
came
to
Le●●●m
,
the
Magistrates
chose
him
for
one
of
the
Curators
of
their
School
:
in
which
Office
he
continued
all
his
life
,
He
reforms
the
Schooles
.
and
by
his
advice
the
School
was
quite
turned
into
another
order
,
whereby
it
became
far
more
famous
then
before
.
The
States
of
Holland
observing
that
in
their
Cities
there
were
some
Masters
of
Schools
which
either
wanted
ability
or
prudence
in
regulating
their
Schools
for
the
best
advantage
of
the
boys
:
they
therefore
made
choice
of
Anthony
Wallaeus
,
Anthony
●●sius
,
Peter
〈◊〉
,
Daniel
Heinsius
,
Ge●●ard
V●ssius
,
〈…〉
,
all
of
them
Professors
in
Leiden
,
to
frame
Laws
whereby
all
the
Schoolmasters
in
Holland
should
be
regulated
in
teaching
both
the
Tongues
and
Liberal
Arts
,
which
accordingly
were
finished
and
printed
Anno
Chri●●
1625.
The
States
of
Zeland
observing
that
their
young
Students
began
to
fall
into
some
loose
courses
,
And
the
scho●ars
in
Z●land
.
made
choice
of
Wallaeus
,
for
Overseer
of
all
in
Zelamd
,
with
a
command
that
all
their
youth
should
be
wholly
guided
in
their
studies
by
him
:
where
by
there
was
a
great
Reformation
,
not
one
of
〈◊〉
proving
wicked
in
his
life
.
The
〈…〉
also
growing
solicitous
for
the
salvation
of
the
poor
●adius
,
A
〈…〉
.
and
observing
that
they
could
get
no
Ministers
go
thither
but
such
as
could
get
no
places
in
the
Low-Countries
.
which
many
times
were
either
insufficient
,
or
scandalous
:
They
resolved
therefore
to
erect
a
Seminary
,
from
whence
at
their
pleasures
they
might
draw
forth
Pastors
for
those
parts
:
For
which
end
they
consulted
with
the
Professors
at
Leiden
,
and
observing
that
Wallaeus
was
more
zealous
then
the
rest
in
promoting
it
,
they
chose
him
to
be
Overseer
of
that
Sem●narie
:
Wallaeus
promotes
it
.
But
he
judging
himself
unable
to
undergo
so
many
Offices
,
refused
it
;
yet
at
the
importunity
of
the
Curators
of
the
University
of
Leiden
,
and
by
the
perswasion
of
his
Colleagues
,
he
was
at
last
prevailed
with
,
and
undertook
it
.
Whereupon
the
students
for
India
were
brought
into
his
Family
,
where
they
were
dieted
,
and
directed
in
their
studies
,
and
found
so
much
content
that
they
never
complained
either
of
their
Diet
or
Government
.
And
besides
their
other
studies
he
caused
them
every
day
to
construe
to
him
a
Chapter
out
of
the
Hebrew
Bible
,
and
another
out
of
the
Greek
Testament
,
whereby
they
became
skilful
in
the
Languages
,
and
familiarly
acquainted
with
the
sacred
Scriptures
.
Twice
also
in
the
week
he
caused
them
to
read
in
and
dispute
of
his
Enchirdion
of
the
Reformed
Religion
,
and
directed
them
in
the
making
of
their
Sermons
:
and
the
forwardest
of
them
he
directed
how
they
might
infuse
the
Principles
of
the
Reformed
Christian
Religion
into
the
Heathens
,
by
reasons
drawn
from
Nature
,
how
they
should
instruct
them
,
gather
a
Church
,
and
govern
the
same
.
Out
of
this
Seminary
in
a
few
years
were
sent
forth
twelve
Ministers
famous
for
Learning
and
Piety
,
to
whom
India
oweth
almost
all
her
knowledge
which
she
hath
in
the
Reformed
Religion
.
Then
did
the
Magistrates
of
Leiden
by
their
Consul
importune
Wallaeus
to
give
them
leave
to
choose
him
into
their
Ecclesiastical
Consi●ory
;
but
his
wife
and
children
disswaded
him
from
it
,
perceiving
that
he
would
sink
under
the
burthen
of
so
many
imployments
.
About
this
time
there
brake
forth
a
great
contention
in
Zeland
between
Telingius
and
Bursius
.
Contention
about
the
Sabbath
.
Telingius
was
very
careful
to
promote
Piety
,
whereupon
he
sharply
reproved
the
sins
of
the
times
:
and
observing
much
prophanation
of
the
Sabbath
,
by
a
Book
which
he
published
,
he
endeavoured
the
Reformation
of
the
same
.
Upon
this
occasion
Bursius
his
son
wrote
a
complaint
in
verse
,
wherein
the
Church
bemoaned
her self
,
as
if
she
had
lost
her
liberty
,
and
therein
he
endeavoured
to
confute
●elingius
about
the
Institution
of
the
Lords
Day
:
Gomarus
also
,
who
was
very
intimate
with
Bursius
,
supplyed
him
with
Arguments
.
Telingius
his
friends
were
much
offended
at
this
,
so
that
there
was
great
danger
least
the
Church
should
be
divided
into
parties
and
factions
.
Voetius
also
published
a
youthly
writing
,
wherein
he
sought
more
to
jerk
his
Adversaries
,
then
to
edifie
the
Church
.
Hereupon
Wallaeus
resumed
those
things
which
he
had
formerly
read
over
,
Wallaeus
puts
an
end
to
it
.
and
drew
them
into
a
larger
Treatise
about
the
Sabbath
,
which
also
he
printed
,
to
the
great
joy
of
the
Churches
:
who
as
they
highly
prized
his
Learning
,
so
now
had
cause
to
admire
his
wisdom
.
And
this
work
of
his
was
so
approved
of
,
that
by
Silvius
Pastor
of
Amsterdam
it
was
turned
into
Dutch
,
their
Native
Language
:
And
it
pleased
God
by
this
means
to
put
an
end
to
the
aforenamed
contentions
.
Only
Gomarus
thinking
it
dishonorable
to
be
silent
,
published
a
little
Book
.
De
Investigatione
Sabbathi
:
which
Rivet
answered
:
and
when
Gomarus
replyed
,
Rivet
answered
again
.
And
though
Gomarus
found
few
or
no
followers
,
yet
to
prevent
the
worst
,
Wallaeus
in
his
Publick
Lectures
answered
such
things
as
seemed
to
be
new
in
Gomarus
.
At
the
first
Reformation
of
Religion
in
the
Low-Countries
,
there
was
a
certain
Elder
of
the
Church
of
Embdea
,
a
godly
man
that
turned
Luthers
Translation
of
the
Bible
into
Low-Dutch
:
The
translation
of
the
Bible
.
But
being
skilful
neither
in
the
Hebrew
nor
Greek
,
nor
well
acquainted
with
the
High-Dutch
,
there
were
many
Errors
in
it
:
whereupon
the
Ministers
of
the
Law-Countries
,
so
soon
as
they
were
setled
in
their
L●berties
from
under
the
Spanish
yoak
,
began
to
think
upon
Translating
the
Bible
out
of
the
Originals
:
and
the
States
to
promote
so
good
a
work
,
made
choice
of
Phili●
〈◊〉
of
Saint
Aldegun●
to
go
to
Leiden
,
The
Bible
begun
.
and
there
wholly
to
employ
himself
in
this
work
,
which
he
willingly
undertook
,
and
prosecuted
to
the
year
1602.
at
which
time
he
dyed
,
having
begun
many
Books
of
the
Old
Testament
,
but
had
only
finished
Job
,
Psalms
,
and
Proverbs
:
Hereupon
Arnold
Cornelius
,
Pastor
of
Delph
,
and
Warner
Helmichius
,
Pastor
of
Amsterdam
,
were
appointed
to
finish
what
Marnixius
had
begun
;
They
accordingly
prosecuted
that
work
,
but
being
much
hindered
by
their
Pastoral
Office
,
they
dyed
before
they
could
finish
it
:
And
presently
after
,
the
Controversies
of
the
Remonstrants
springing
up
,
caused
that
work
to
cease
till
the
Synod
at
Dort
.
At
which
time
the
Remonstrants
being
cited
to
appear
before
the
Synod
at
a
certain
day
,
they
appeared
not
:
whereupon
the
Moderator
considering
what
the
Synod
should
fall
upon
till
they
appeared
,
propounded
the
version
of
the
Bible
into
the
Belgick
Tongue
:
The
Synod
carries
it
on
.
And
so
they
unanimously
agreed
to
carry
on
that
work
,
and
set
down
rules
which
the
Translators
were
to
follow
.
The
Translators
also
were
chosen
,
and
least
by
the
death
of
any
of
them
the
work
should
be
impeded
,
they
substituted
some
to
succeed
such
as
should
die
.
Anno
Christi
1627.
(
the
Synod
being
before
dissolved
)
the
Deputies
of
the
Provincial
Synods
requested
the
States
General
that
the
version
of
the
Bible
might
now
be
carryed
on
,
which
they
easily
assented
to
,
and
appointed
Wallaeus
and
Testus
Hommius
to
deal
with
the
Magistrates
and
Churches
,
that
the
Translators
might
(
during
the
continuance
of
that
work
)
〈◊〉
be
freed
from
their
Pastoral
employments
.
By
the
authority
and
perswasions
of
these
two
men
the
thing
was
granted
,
so
that
Anno
Christi
1628
the
Interpreters
of
the
Old
Testament
repaired
to
Leiden
,
The
translators
.
who
were
John
Bogerman
,
William
B●udartius
,
and
Gerson
Bucer
.
The
year
after
they
met
together
who
were
to
Translate
the
New
Testament
and
the
Apochrypha
,
and
these
were
Anthony
W●llaeus
,
Festus
H●mmius
,
and
James
Rol●●dus
.
These
men
set
upon
the
work
with
unwearyed
labor
:
And
that
which
they
aimed
at
was
to
make
a
new
and
accurate
version
out
of
the
Originals
,
and
as
much
as
the
Geniu●
of
the
Language
would
permit
,
to
translate
it
word
for
word
:
and
whereas
in
the
Original
any
word
might
admit
of
a
various
Interpretation
,
they
endeavoured
to
finde
out
some
Dutch
word
that
might
answer
to
it
:
And
where
any
thing
seemed
obscure
,
they
labored
to
explain
it
by
Marginal
Notes
;
and
where
any
thing
was
doubtful
,
to
resolve
it
:
whereby
they
often
gave
a
reason
of
their
version
;
they
added
also
Parallel
Scriptures
.
When
the
Translators
of
the
New
Testament
had
proceeded
to
the
end
of
the
Acts
of
the
Apostles
,
James
Rowland
dyed
,
in
whose
room
Jodicus
Hoingius
succeeded
:
and
when
the
Translators
of
the
Old
Testament
had
proceeded
to
the
beginning
of
Ezekiel
,
Bucer
dyed
,
in
whose
room
Anthony
Thysius
was
substituted
.
Assoon
as
they
had
finished
any
Book
,
and
imparted
it
each
to
other
,
they
printed
it
,
and
sent
it
to
certain
supervisors
in
every
Province
appointed
thereunto
,
to
be
by
them
again
examined
.
When
the
whole
version
was
thus
finished
An.
Chri.
1634.
by
the
order
of
the
States
General
all
the
Supervisors
met
together
at
Leiden
,
The
supervisors
.
who
were
Anthony
Thysius
,
John
Polyander
,
Abdias
Witmarius
,
Jodocus
Larenus
,
Arnoldus
Teeckmannus
,
Bernard
Fullenius
,
James
Revius
,
and
Francis
Gomarus
.
Not
long
after
also
the
Supervisors
of
the
New
Testament
met
there
,
who
were
S●bastian
Dammannus
,
John
Arnoldi
,
Lindanus
,
William
Nieuhusius
,
Charles
Demaet
,
Lodowick
Gerhardus
,
Bernard
Fullenius
,
Gasper
Sibelius
,
and
Henry
Altingius
.
These
Supervisors
being
met
together
,
chose
their
Moderarators
,
Assessors
,
and
Scribes
,
and
then
at
their
daily
meetings
,
(
having
first
implored
the
presence
and
assistance
of
Almighty
God
)
they
were
demanded
whether
they
had
found
any
thing
in
the
Translation
that
needed
change
:
and
what
the
Translators
and
Supervisors
agreed
upon
,
that
was
concluded
.
And
so
this
great
work
was
compleated
Anno
Christi
1635.
The
translation
finished
.
And
this
was
very
observable
:
That
the
same
year
a
great
Plague
raged
in
the
Low-Countries
,
and
especially
in
Leiden
,
wherein
there
dyed
twenty
thousand
persons
,
A
special
providence
.
and
yet
through
Gods
mercy
not
one
of
the
Translators
or
Supervisors
was
touched
with
it
,
no
nor
was
ever
sick
all
that
while
.
All
being
thus
finished
,
the
Supervisors
returned
to
their
several
imployments
,
but
the
Translators
committed
the
work
to
the
Press
,
and
themselves
were
the
Overseers
to
see
to
the
correcting
of
it
:
At
the
same
time
printing
it
with
and
without
Notes
in
Folio
,
The
Bible
printed
.
which
was
finished
Anno
Christi
1637.
At
which
time
they
presented
it
to
the
States
,
who
liked
it
excellent
well
,
and
presently
gave
order
that
no
other
Bible
should
be
used
,
either
in
Churches
or
Schools
,
which
was
accordingly
followed
.
The
Remonstrants
appointed
four
of
their
greatest
Scholars
to
examine
this
translation
,
for
fear
of
partiality
:
but
when
they
found
how
candidly
and
faithfully
the
Translators
had
dealt
,
It
s
excellency
.
they
also
accepted
of
it
,
and
it
is
judged
the
most
exquisite
translation
that
is
extant
.
In
the
version
of
Luther
there
is
not
so
much
skill
shewed
in
the
Language
;
In
the
French
they
do
not
so
much
tie
themselves
to
the
words
as
to
the
sence
:
And
the
English
seems
to
favour
Episcopacy
too
much
,
whereas
no
remarkable
defect
can
be
observed
in
this
;
and
indeed
the
Translators
did
by
their
excessive
and
defatigable
pains
so
wear
out
themselves
that
all
of
them
dyed
within
three
years
after
.
After
he
had
concluded
this
great
and
tiresome
work
,
Wallaeus
his
further
Imployments
.
he
attended
his
Professorship
,
thinking
to
ease
his
minde
,
and
repair
his
decayed
strength
:
But
he
scarce
had
rested
two
moneths
,
when
he
fell
upon
his
Cases
of
Conscience
:
For
he
found
that
the
Pontificians
in
their
Books
whilst
they
pretended
to
reprove
sin
,
did
but
teach
it
:
And
the
Reformed
Divines
in
many
things
filled
the
minds
of
the
Readers
with
too
many
scruples
:
whereas
that
only
ought
to
be
condemned
which
the
Scripture
accounts
a
sin
,
and
that
therein
also
some
cautions
were
necessary
:
for
we
ought
not
so
much
to
reprove
those
that
are
bad
,
as
to
seek
their
amendment
.
But
before
he
had
well
begun
this
work
,
he
was
again
made
Magnifique
Rector
of
the
University
;
which
place
,
as
it
was
of
the
greatest
dignity
in
the
City
of
Leiden
,
so
of
the
greatest
care
.
In
the
midsts
of
these
imployments
he
found
his
Memory
to
begin
to
decay
,
His
strength
decayes
.
and
his
strength
to
fail
,
so
that
he
was
forced
to
write
his
Lectures
more
largely
then
he
was
wont
to
do
,
which
he
carryed
on
till
he
came
to
the
Head
concerning
the
Holy
Ghost
,
at
which
time
death
prevented
his
further
progress
.
Thus
much
for
his
publick
life
:
His
character
.
Now
for
his
private
.
He
was
not
splendid
abroad
,
and
sordid
at
home
;
but
always
equal
like
himself
.
He
studyed
no
delights
,
and
was
far
from
all
lasciviousness
:
His
only
recreation
was
to
adorn
his
Orchard
.
He
was
free
from
covetousness
,
seldom
looking
after
his
outward
estate
,
and
at
length
wholly
divolved
that
burthen
upon
his
eldest
son
,
called
John
.
He
affected
not
vain-glory
:
his
habit
was
not
costly
,
yet
therein
he
was
rather
negligent
then
sordid
.
He
had
always
a
large
house
,
which
was
rather
commodious
then
sumptuous
.
In
converse
he
was
no
boaster
either
of
his
Learning
,
Judgement
,
or
Wit
:
He
never
either
extolled
himself
,
or
debased
others
,
no
not
his
Adversaries
.
He
never
inserted
reproaches
into
his
publick
Writings
.
He
never
chose
any
subject
to
write
on
for
ostentation
,
but
only
such
as
might
be
most
profitable
to
the
Church
.
He
never
sought
for
,
nor
took
great
titles
:
It
was
always
his
glory
rather
to
be
,
then
to
seem
He
never
affected
ease
.
His
humillty
.
He
was
always
much
grieved
for
the
afflictions
of
the
Church
:
And
endeavoured
in
all
things
to
keep
a
good
and
a
clear
Conscience
.
He
would
never
to
gratifie
friends
,
give
any
other
counsel
then
such
as
beseemed
him
,
either
to
the
Church
or
Magistrate
:
Neither
did
he
ever
request
any
for
his
children
or
kindred
of
which
they
were
not
worthy
,
or
might
any
way
tend
to
the
detriment
of
others
.
When
as
the
Magistrates
of
Leiden
had
often
proffered
him
the
house
wherein
Arminius
dwelt
,
and
wherein
now
his
widdow
and
children
remained
,
he
would
never
accept
of
it
till
as
,
when
they
saw
that
they
could
stay
in
it
no
longer
,
themselves
came
to
him
,
and
requested
him
to
take
it
,
thanking
him
that
he
had
deferred
it
so
long
.
He
never
hunted
after
the
favour
of
great
men
,
thereby
to
enrich
himself
:
His
modesty
.
He
only
desired
their
favour
so
far
as
might
be
fit
for
him
,
and
advantagious
to
the
Church
:
If
any
thing
was
spoken
in
his
presence
which
he
judged
prejudicial
to
the
Church
,
he
always
strongly
opposed
himself
against
it
not
fearing
therein
the
displeasure
of
great
men
:
Yea
in
the
Court
amongst
the
Princes
of
Orange
he
would
not
suffer
the
Name
of
God
to
be
taken
in
vain
.
His
zeal
.
In
his
carriage
he
was
affable
to
all
:
To
every
one
he
willingly
imparted
counsel
:
He
was
so
sollicitous
for
the
good
of
the
Church
,
that
upon
occasion
he
would
declare
which
persons
in
the
University
were
most
deserving
,
themselves
being
ignorant
of
it
.
He
admitted
but
few
into
his
familiarity
,
judging
that
thereby
their
friendship
would
be
the
stronger
,
by
how
much
the
more
united
.
He
loved
his
Colleagues
as
his
own
Brethren
:
His
friends
.
Next
them
his
kindred
:
and
after
them
his
fellow
Students
and
fellow
Travellers
.
He
would
never
dissemble
,
no
not
amongst
his
friends
.
And
to
those
his
friends
,
his
house
and
table
was
always
open
:
which
liberality
some
taking
notice
of
,
often
abused
it
.
He
was
not
easily
provoked
by
injuries
to
cast
off
his
friends
:
His
meekness
.
as
this
instance
will
shew
;
When
Rivet
was
called
to
live
in
the
Court
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
Wallaeus
commended
his
old
Master
Gomarus
to
the
Curators
of
the
University
for
to
succeed
in
the
Professorship
;
whereupon
Gomarus
acknowledged
in
the
presence
of
many
,
that
Wallaeus
had
overcome
him
in
kindeness
,
and
withall
asked
him
forgiveness
,
for
that
he
had
opposed
his
Professorship
at
Middleborough
,
which
(
saith
he
)
I
did
at
the
instigation
of
Giles
Bursius
.
He
lived
most
lovingly
with
his
Wife
;
His
love
to
his
wife
and
children
.
they
never
brake
forth
into
anger
,
or
mutual
brawling
:
their
mutual
care
was
to
please
each
other
,
and
by
deeds
to
prevent
each
others
desires
:
Neither
did
Wallaeus
fear
any
thing
more
then
that
his
dear
Wife
should
dye
before
him
:
For
he
used
her
not
only
for
the
government
of
his
Family
,
but
for
his
constant
companion
.
Whatsoever
befel
him
in
the
Commonwealth
,
Church
,
or
Civil
converse
,
he
acquainted
her
with
it
,
asked
,
and
often
followed
her
advice
,
for
she
was
a
modest
and
prudent
woman
.
They
were
both
careful
in
the
education
of
their
children
,
and
their
first
care
was
to
train
them
up
in
Piety
and
good
manners
:
for
which
end
he
daily
read
some
Chapters
,
and
made
some
application
thereof
unto
them
:
His
next
care
was
,
that
they
might
be
brought
up
in
Learning
:
neither
would
he
wholly
trust
their
Masters
therein
,
but
many
times
examined
them
himself
to
see
their
proficiency
.
Neither
would
he
train
them
up
to
Science
,
but
also
to
Prudence
:
for
which
cause
when
they
were
come
to
years
of
discretion
,
he
used
to
impart
to
them
the
affairs
and
condition
of
Church
and
State
,
asking
their
judgements
about
each
of
them
.
He
sought
not
to
advance
his
children
to
high
places
,
knowing
the
danger
thereof
,
but
rather
desired
a
middle
and
competent
estate
for
them
,
wherein
they
might
live
honestly
and
more
comfortably
,
and
according
to
his
desire
,
he
lived
to
see
his
eldest
son
Iohn
a
Doctor
of
Physick
,
His
children
well
disposed
of
.
and
Professor
thereof
:
and
imployed
by
the
States
into
France
to
fetch
that
miracle
of
the
World
of
Learning
,
Claudius
Salmasius
to
Leiden
.
His
daughter
Margaret
marryed
to
John
of
Breda
,
Doctor
of
both
Laws
:
His
daughter
Katherine
marryed
to
Anthony
Clement
,
a
learned
and
godly
Divine
:
His
son
Anthony
a
Lawyer
▪
His
son
Balwin
a
Student
of
Divinity
:
Only
his
youngest
daughter
Susannae
remained
at
home
to
be
a
solace
to
her
aged
Mother
.
Wall
us
enjoyed
better
health
at
Leiden
then
he
had
done
at
Middleborough
;
He
is
troubled
with
the
Stone
.
only
that
tormentor
of
Students
seized
upon
him
there
[
the
Stone
]
in
the
Kidneys
:
which
grievously
tormented
him
,
yet
not
often
:
once
in
four
or
five
years
:
He
was
much
troubled
with
Hypochondriacal
winde
,
which
was
occasioned
by
his
studying
so
soon
after
meals
,
yet
would
he
not
be
disswaded
from
that
course
.
One
of
these
fits
brought
him
to
his
end
.
His
sickness
.
For
Iune
the
29.
Anno
Christi
1639.
he
found
his
appetite
to
decay
,
and
his
stomach
would
not
bare
food
:
He
was
grievously
also
tormented
with
winde
:
yet
would
he
not
intermit
his
labors
in
his
Professorship
,
in
governing
the
University
,
and
assisting
in
the
Synod
of
South
Holland
,
which
was
then
met
at
Leiden
.
July
the
3.
being
Sabbath
,
His
last
Sermon
.
he
went
to
Church
and
gave
thanks
to
God
for
all
his
mercies
to
himself
,
to
his
Family
,
and
to
the
Church
by
his
means
,
praying
for
Gods
blessing
upon
them
for
the
time
to
come
;
this
being
the
last
Sermon
that
he
intended
to
make
.
In
reference
to
his
disease
such
remedies
as
he
had
wont
to
finde
ease
by
,
would
now
do
no
good
:
His
disease
encreased
,
and
his
strength
decreased
:
yet
did
〈◊〉
Bogard
and
some
other
Ministers
from
the
Sy●●d
continually
importune
him
to
come
to
their
meeting
on
Munday
after
for
the
great
good
of
the
Church
.
Some
chief
Ministers
had
endeavoured
of
late
years
to
renew
He
s●●les
peace
in
a
Synod
.
the
Controversie
about
the
power
of
the
Magistrate
in
Ecclesiastical
matters
,
whereupon
they
drew
up
a
writing
which
they
would
have
confirmed
by
all
the
Synods
:
and
those
which
sought
to
impede
it
could
not
procure
this
Synod
to
reject
it
,
because
of
the
Authority
of
the
Author
:
this
was
●ike
to
breed
a
great
fraction
in
the
Synod
:
And
this
Munday
was
appointed
for
the
debate
about
this
business
,
which
made
them
so
importunate
to
have
Wallaeus
present
that
day
:
And
accordingly
he
came
to
them
:
His
prudent
advice
.
At
his
presence
all
kept
silence
:
and
he
perswaded
them
that
in
things
which
were
not
clearly
determined
by
Scripture
,
and
were
in
some
tolerable
manner
setled
,
there
should
be
no
questions
moved
:
and
told
them
that
it
was
dangerous
to
contend
with
those
men
who
could
suppress
them
.
This
was
Wallaeus
his
last
publick
action
,
which
if
it
had
been
written
in
some
mens
mindes
,
the
Church
had
enjoyed
more
peace
,
and
the
Magistrates
had
been
more
favourable
to
it
.
The
next
day
the
Pastors
flocked
to
him
to
give
him
thanks
,
for
that
he
had
freed
them
from
trouble
,
and
the
Church
from
disturbance
.
All
whom
he
exhorted
to
bear
with
those
which
differed
in
judgement
from
them
,
and
still
to
love
them
:
both
parties
being
equally
necessary
for
the
good
of
the
Church
.
For
the
moderate
would
suffer
all
things
to
fall
into
confusion
,
were
it
not
for
the
more
zealous
;
and
the
more
zealous
would
disturb
all
things
,
were
they
not
restrained
by
the
moderate
.
The
three
next
days
his
pain
was
tolerable
,
so
long
as
he
eat
nothing
,
whereupon
he
conversed
sweetly
with
his
wife
,
children
,
and
friends
that
came
to
visit
him
:
and
attended
his
other
businesses
,
till
at
last
(
at
the
importunity
of
his
son
Iohn
)
he
desisted
:
Yet
his
strength
sensibly
decayed
:
and
on
Thursday
night
he
fell
into
a
sleep
,
out
of
which
he
would
not
be
awakened
till
Friday
in
the
Evening
,
when
they
set
a
Cupping-glass
to
his
Neck
:
At
which
time
his
son
Iohn
called
his
Mother
,
Brothers
and
Sisters
,
fearing
least
he
should
presently
fall
asleep
again
:
withall
telling
his
Father
that
his
life
was
near
an
end
,
and
therefore
if
he
had
any
thing
to
say
to
them
,
he
desired
him
to
speak
it
:
whereupon
Wallaeus
exhorted
them
to
sear
God
,
to
reverence
their
Mother
,
so
God
would
bless
and
provide
for
them
:
that
every
one
should
take
care
of
all
the
rest
,
His
farewel
to
his
family
.
but
especially
that
every
one
should
take
care
of
himself
;
then
he
bade
his
son
Iohn
to
have
a
speciall
care
of
his
Mother
,
and
so
kissing
them
,
took
his
leave
of
them
all
:
and
then
turning
his
face
from
them
,
he
again
fell
asleep
,
out
of
which
he
never
awaked
;
only
sometimes
when
his
pains
came
upon
him
,
he
stirred
a
little
:
and
so
on
the
Sabbath
about
eleven
a
clock
he
quietly
resigned
up
his
spirit
unto
God
that
gave
it
,
His
death
.
An.
Christi
1639.
and
of
his
age
66.
How
excellent
a
Divine
he
was
,
his
Common
places
testifie
:
How
Orthodox
and
solid
a
disputer
he
was
,
His
works
.
his
fourteen
Disputations
shew
in
the
Synopsis
purioris
Theologiae
.
How
strong
a
defender
of
the
Truth
against
Error
,
will
appear
by
his
answer
to
Corvinus
in
defence
of
Du
Mollines
Anatomy
of
Arminianism
.
As
also
his
Censura
confessionis
Remonstrantium
.
How
careful
he
was
of
Order
both
Civil
and
Sacred
,
is
manifest
by
his
tractate
de
Authoritate
Magistratus
in
rebus
Ecclesiasticis
.
How
a
religious
observer
of
the
Sabbath
,
his
dissertation
De
Sabbatho
declares
.
How
desirous
he
was
to
reform
the
Ethnick
practical
Philosophy
,
appears
by
his
Compendium
Ethicae
Aristotelicae
ad
normam
veritatis
Christianae
revocatum
.
His
countenance
was
mixed
with
gravity
:
His
pronunciation
was
modest
and
masculine
:
free
from
dissimulation
:
not
without
elegancy
:
neither
by
brevity
did
he
procure
obscurity
,
nor
by
prolixity
tediousness
.
Sometimes
he
was
more
vehement
,
when
the
zeal
of
Gods
glory
,
the
love
of
the
Truth
,
or
the
heat
of
Disputation
excited
him
.
Against
the
Adversaries
of
the
Truth
he
contended
not
by
reproaches
or
railings
,
but
by
strong
arguments
drawn
out
of
the
sacred
Scriptures
.
As
oft
as
he
was
called
by
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
or
the
States
to
compose
Ecclesiastical
differences
,
he
never
spared
his
pains
therein
.
As
oft
as
he
was
sent
either
by
Magistrate
or
Presbyterie
to
the
Camp
,
His
industry
and
fidelity
.
or
about
any
other
difficult
businesses
,
no
trouble
nor
danger
made
him
decline
the
work
.
His
conversation
both
at
home
and
abroad
was
holy
and
blameless
.
He
was
Hospitable
to
his
friends
,
charitable
to
the
poor
,
pleasing
to
all
:
Not
given
to
wine
,
but
sober
,
just
,
temperate
,
and
free
from
covetousness
.
His
Works
are
named
before
,
and
are
bound
up
together
in
one
Volume
.
The
Life
of
Henry
Alting
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1644.
HEnry
Alting
was
born
at
Embden
in
Frisland
,
Anno
Christi
1583.
His
birth
and
parentage
.
of
a
very
antient
and
honorable
Family
:
His
Father
,
Menso
Alting
,
was
Pastor
of
Embden
;
his
Mother
was
Mary
Biscof
,
a
choice
Matron
:
In
his
childhood
he
was
very
sickly
and
weak
,
so
that
he
was
four
years
old
before
he
could
go
.
His
Parents
devoted
him
to
the
service
of
God
,
and
his
Church
from
the
very
Womb
,
and
therefore
Anno
Chri.
1590.
when
he
was
seven
years
old
,
His
education
.
they
set
him
to
School
in
their
own
City
of
Embden
,
where
he
quickly
discovered
a
prompt
and
ready
wit
,
so
that
in
the
space
of
seven
years
he
went
through
all
the
forms
in
that
School
,
and
being
fitted
for
it
,
at
fourteen
years
old
his
Father
sent
him
to
the
University
of
Groning
,
He
goes
to
Groning
.
where
he
studyed
the
first
year
under
Buningius
,
and
three
other
years
under
Vbbo
Emmiu●
,
the
first
Rector
of
that
University
;
a
man
famous
through
the
World
for
his
Learning
:
By
his
diligence
under
such
Tutors
he
profited
exceedingly
,
writing
an
excellent
Latine
stile
,
His
proficiency
.
and
being
well
grounded
in
the
knowledge
of
the
Arts.
From
thence
his
Father
sent
him
into
Germany
for
the
advancement
of
his
Learning
,
and
having
saluted
Marpurg
,
he
went
to
Herborn
,
He
goes
to
Herborn
.
Anno
Christi
1602.
where
that
famous
Divine
Iohn
Piscator
was
Professor
,
under
whom
our
Henry
applyed
himself
to
his
studyes
,
and
by
his
great
industry
and
excellency
of
his
wit
was
so
far
approved
of
,
that
he
was
imployed
in
reading
Philosophical
and
Theological
Lectures
:
So
that
after
three
years
abode
there
,
he
began
to
think
of
entring
into
the
Ministry
,
for
which
end
he
resolved
to
go
into
Helvetia
and
France
,
to
receive
Orders
in
some
of
those
Churches
:
But
God
for
the
present
intended
him
to
another
imployment
:
For
upon
the
commendations
of
the
Professors
of
Herborn
,
Piscator
,
He
is
made
Tutor
to
three
Noble
men
.
Zepper
,
and
Martinius
,
he
was
appointed
by
Count
Iohn
of
Nassau
to
be
Tutor
to
three
young
Counts
,
viz.
William
of
Nassau
,
Conrade
Lodowick
of
Solmes
,
and
Phil.
Ernest
of
Isenburg
,
who
at
this
time
were
Students
in
the
University
of
Sedan
,
together
with
the
young
Prince
Frederick
,
son
to
Frederick
the
fourth
,
Elector
Palatine
,
who
afterwards
was
chosen
King
of
Bohemia
.
But
before
our
Henry
went
to
Sedan
,
he
went
to
Heidleberg
.
to
Iohn
Albert
Count
of
Solmes
,
and
from
thence
to
Friedelsheim
to
the
Prince
Elector
himself
,
by
whom
he
was
courteously
entertained
;
and
being
furnished
with
Letters
and
necessaries
for
his
journey
,
He
goes
to
Sedan
.
he
went
to
Sedan
,
where
he
arrived
in
the
beginning
of
September
,
An.
Christi
1605.
and
undertook
his
Office
.
He
had
continued
but
awhile
in
that
place
,
before
it
was
requisite
for
him
to
withdraw
,
with
his
charge
from
that
City
,
for
fear
of
a
siege
which
was
threatned
by
Henry
the
fourth
King
of
France
:
Returns
to
Heidleberg
.
and
therefore
they
all
went
to
Heidleberg
,
and
our
Henry
in
the
Princes
Court
attended
his
former
imployments
,
having
a
fourth
added
to
the
former
three
Noblemen
,
viz.
Iohn
Conrade
,
the
Rheingrave
.
Is
made
Tutor
to
Prince
Frederick
.
Yea
the
very
same
Summer
Prince
Frederick
himself
was
committed
to
his
tuition
,
to
be
by
him
instructed
in
History
and
Geography
:
And
at
last
,
viz.
1608.
he
was
wholly
left
to
the
instruction
of
our
Henry
and
Zachary
Collius
,
Returns
to
Sedan
.
who
went
back
with
him
to
Sedan
,
the
storm
being
now
over
,
where
he
so
carefully
attended
his
charge
all
day
,
that
he
was
fain
to
get
time
out
of
his
sleep
for
the
study
of
Divinity
.
The
University
of
Sedan
had
at
this
time
famous
Divines
in
it
,
as
Daniel
Talenus
,
and
Iames
Capellus
,
with
whom
he
entred
into
a
strict
bond
of
familiarity
.
Anno
Christi
1610.
the
Prince
Elector
dying
,
he
returned
with
the
young
Prince
to
Heidleberg
,
where
he
attended
his
daily
imployment
.
Anno
Christi
161●
.
Returns
to
Heidleberg
.
the
Prince
Elector
being
to
go
into
England
to
marry
the
Lady
Elizabeth
daughter
to
King
Iames
,
would
needs
have
our
Henry
to
go
along
in
his
train
:
Goes
for
England
.
In
which
journey
he
escaped
death
very
narrowly
,
himself
with
Scultetus
,
and
some
other
of
the
Princes
company
being
surprized
with
a
storm
upon
the
Lake
of
Harlem
,
Escapes
danger
.
so
that
with
great
difficulty
,
and
half
drowned
,
they
gat
to
the
further
shore
.
This
was
October
the
seventh
in
the
afternoon
,
just
at
which
time
his
Father
dyed
,
leaving
this
life
for
a
better
.
Alting
having
escaped
this
danger
,
with
a
better
voyage
arrived
safely
in
England
,
where
he
was
kindely
entertained
,
and
became
familiar
with
George
Abbot
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
John
King
Bishop
of
London
,
His
friends
in
England
.
and
Doctor
Hackwell
Tutor
to
the
Prince
of
Wales
:
yea
,
and
King
James
himself
conferred
familiarly
with
him
.
February
following
An.
Christi
1613.
the
Prince
Elector
being
marryed
,
sent
Henry
Alting
with
his
Scholars
before
him
into
the
Palatinate
,
who
in
their
journey
travelled
through
Zeland
,
Flanders
,
Brabant
,
Limburg
,
Jul●ers
,
and
Collen
,
and
so
at
last
arrived
at
Heidleberg
in
April
:
His
return
to
Heidleberg
.
the
new
marryed
couple
being
not
long
behinde
them
.
About
four
moneths
after
our
Alting
was
called
to
be
a
Professor
of
Divinity
,
Is
made
a
Professor
;
to
read
Common
places
in
the
University
of
Heidleberg
:
Into
which
he
was
admitted
August
the
16.
which
was
the
Princes
birth
day
:
And
because
by
the
Statutes
of
the
University
none
could
be
Moderator
of
the
Disputations
but
a
Doctor
,
he
was
solemnly
inaugurated
into
that
degree
,
November
the
18.
by
Paraeus
Dean
of
the
University
,
and
Bartholomew
Coppenius
Doctor
of
Divinity
.
And
Doctor
in
Divinity
;
And
this
was
very
remarkable
,
that
amongst
all
the
tumults
and
pleasures
of
the
Court
,
his
minde
was
never
taken
off
from
the
study
of
Divinity
.
But
Gods
Providence
intended
him
to
some
further
imployment
then
a
Professors
place
:
For
there
was
in
Heidleberg
an
excellent
Seminary
of
the
Church
,
endowed
with
large
revenues
called
the
Colledge
of
Wisdom
:
And
Master
of
the
Colledge
of
Wisdom
.
The
Prince
therefore
chose
him
Master
thereof
,
October
the
15.
An.
Chri.
1616.
together
with
two
Colleagues
to
instruct
and
train
up
young
Divines
for
the
work
of
the
Ministry
:
and
how
much
good
he
did
therein
,
they
are
able
to
relate
who
gratefully
acknowledge
what
profit
they
reaped
by
his
care
and
culture
.
Whilst
he
was
thus
laboring
in
his
double
imployment
,
Coppenius
another
Professor
dyed
,
whose
place
was
divolved
upon
our
Alting
:
His
modesty
.
but
by
a
rare
and
great
example
of
modesty
,
he
chose
rather
to
continue
in
his
former
imployments
,
and
by
his
favour
and
authority
in
the
Princes
Court
,
prevailed
that
Abraham
Scultetus
should
have
that
Professors
place
transferred
upon
him
.
About
this
time
a
National
Synod
was
called
at
Dort
,
The
Synod
of
Dort
.
for
the
composing
of
the
differences
in
the
Belgick
Churches
by
reason
of
the
Arminians
,
and
when
grave
,
learned
,
and
godly
men
were
chosen
out
of
all
the
Reformed
Churches
to
be
present
at
it
,
He
is
sent
thither
.
(
which
was
Anno
Christi
1618
and
1619
)
our
Altingius
,
with
two
others
,
was
sent
from
Heidleberg
to
assist
in
that
work
:
where
he
approved
himself
to
all
that
were
present
both
for
his
excellent
Learning
in
Divinity
,
and
his
dexterity
in
explicating
cases
of
greater
difficulty
.
Thus
far
we
have
heard
the
happier
and
more
comfortable
part
of
his
life
,
now
follows
the
more
sad
and
afflicted
part
of
it
:
For
scarcely
was
the
Synod
ended
,
wherein
the
Arminians
were
condemned
,
and
the
Orthodox
Truths
established
,
but
Alting
with
his
Colleagues
returned
to
Heidleberg
;
His
return
to
Heidleberg
.
and
at
the
same
time
the
tumults
in
Bohemia
began
:
The
Prince
Elector
is
chosen
King
of
Bohemia
and
Crowned
:
Spinola
breaks
into
the
Palatinate
:
the
great
battel
was
fought
nere
Prague
;
the
Bohemians
are
beaten
,
which
was
An.
Chri.
1620.
And
the
year
following
the
University
of
Heidleberg
was
dissipated
,
the
Students
flying
for
fear
,
and
the
Professors
having
liberty
granted
them
to
go
whether
they
pleased
.
Yet
our
Alting
sending
his
family
into
a
place
of
safety
,
stays
still
in
the
Colledge
of
Wisdom
,
keeping
the
Students
in
good
order
;
remaining
unterrified
in
the
midst
of
emminent
dangers
,
He
stays
in
dangers
.
whilst
he
was
serviceable
to
the
Church
,
satisfied
his
own
Conscience
,
and
the
earnest
desire
of
the
King
,
who
from
the
H●gue
had
written
to
him
desiring
him
not
to
depart
from
Heidleberg
.
An
〈…〉
in
the
moneth
of
●●●gust
Heidleberg
was
besieged
by
〈◊〉
,
and
●eptember
the
6.
was
taken
by
storm
,
Heidleberg
taken
by
storm
.
at
which
time
it
suffered
whatsoever
Military
licent●ousness
could
inflict
by
plunderings
,
murthers
,
and
ravishing
of
Matrons
and
Virgins
,
all
being
heightened
by
the
hatred
of
Religion
,
and
the
brutishness
of
the
Cro●●s
.
At
this
time
our
Alting
was
in
his
study
,
who
hearing
of
the
surprize
of
the
City
,
bolted
his
door
,
He
prepares
for
death
.
and
betook
himself
to
Prayer
,
looking
every
moment
when
the
bloudy
Souldiers
would
break
in
to
sacrifice
him
to
God
:
But
the
great
Arbiter
of
life
and
death
took
care
for
his
safety
:
For
Monsieur
Behusius
,
Rector
of
the
School
,
and
his
dear
friend
hiring
two
souldiers
,
called
him
forth
,
and
conveyed
him
through
a
back
dore
into
the
Lord
Chancellors
house
,
Y●t
is
preserved
.
which
Tilly
had
commanded
to
be
preserved
from
plundering
by
reason
of
the
Publick
Monuments
of
the
Commonwealth
that
were
kept
in
that
place
.
This
house
was
commanded
to
be
guarded
by
a
Lieutenant
Colonel
that
was
under
the
Count
of
Hohenzollem
,
a
man
greedy
of
prey
,
who
least
he
should
lose
his
share
in
the
booty
by
his
attendance
upon
that
place
,
sent
forth
his
Souldiers
as
it
were
a
hunting
,
commanding
them
that
if
they
met
with
any
Citizens
of
note
,
that
under
pretence
of
safe-guarding
them
,
they
should
bring
them
to
him
,
purposing
by
their
ransom
to
enrich
himself
:
To
this
man
Alting
was
brought
,
who
with
his
naked
sword
reeking
with
blood
,
said
to
him
:
This
day
with
this
hand
I
have
slain
ten
men
,
to
whom
Doctor
Alting
shall
be
added
as
the
eleventh
,
if
I
knew
where
to
finde
him
.
But
who
art
thou
?
Truly
such
a
countenance
,
and
such
a
speech
in
such
a
juncture
of
time
might
have
affrighted
the
most
constant
minde
:
But
our
Alting
by
a
witty
answer
,
neither
denying
himself
to
be
Alting
,
nor
unseasonably
discovering
himself
,
answered
(
as
sometimes
Athanasius
in
the
like
case
)
I
was
(
saith
he
)
a
Schoolmaster
in
the
Colle●ge
of
Wisdom
:
His
prudence
.
Hereupon
the
Leiutenant
Colonel
promised
him
safety
,
who
if
he
had
known
him
to
be
Alting
,
would
surely
have
slain
him
Oh
what
a
sad
time
had
he
that
night
,
which
he
passed
without
sleep
,
hearing
the
continual
shrikes
and
groans
which
filled
the
ayr
of
Women
ravished
Virgins
defloured
,
men
,
some
drawn
to
torments
,
others
immediately
slain
:
But
when
he
saw
that
many
fled
to
this
house
as
to
their
only
refuge
,
fearing
lest
he
should
be
discovered
by
some
of
them
,
either
through
imprudence
or
malice
,
he
retired
into
a
Cockloft
:
where
,
whilst
he
hid
himself
,
this
Leiutenant
Colonel
was
by
the
authority
of
Tilly
presently
commanded
away
,
not
giving
him
so
much
time
as
to
seek
out
his
Schoolmaster
,
that
the
house
might
be
resigned
to
the
Iesuites
for
whom
it
was
appointed
.
Yet
under
these
new
inhabitants
our
Alting
should
not
have
been
one
jot
safer
,
A
special
providence
.
if
God
had
not
by
a
special
providence
provided
for
his
safety
.
For
the
kitchin
of
this
house
was
reserved
for
Tillies
own
use
,
and
one
of
the
Palatines
Cooks
was
appointed
over
it
,
who
closely
fed
and
maintained
him
,
and
whilst
the
Iesuites
were
providing
all
things
in
a
readiness
in
the
Church
for
the
Mass
,
he
hired
three
Bavarian
Souldiers
that
kept
guards
in
the
streets
,
to
guard
him
to
his
own
house
.
When
he
came
thither
he
found
all
things
broken
,
His
house
plundered
.
plundred
and
carryed
away
,
and
in
his
study
he
found
a
Captain
boasting
that
all
things
therein
were
his
own
:
yet
(
saith
he
to
Alting
)
I
give
thee
leave
to
take
any
one
book
,
and
to
carry
it
away
with
thee
.
This
proffer
our
generous
Alting
refused
,
saying
,
Sir
,
If
all
these
things
be
yours
,
I
pray
God
that
you
may
enjoy
them
longer
then
their
last
Master
did
:
This
was
with
Iob
,
to
say
,
The
Lord
hath
given
,
and
the
Lord
hath
taken
away
;
blessed
be
the
name
of
the
Lord
.
Fortiter
ille
facit
,
qui
miser
esse
potest
.
Thu●
returning
to
his
former
refuge
,
not
without
very
great
danger
,
three
days
after
Tilly
▪
(
who
had
taken
up
Altings
son
in
Laws
house
for
his
Quarters
,
was
prevailed
with
to
grant
him
a
safe
conduct
to
go
to
Heilbron
,
He
gets
a
safe
conduct
.
to
bring
back
his
family
from
thence
▪
Thus
escaping
out
of
Heidleberg
,
he
passed
through
a
thousand
dangers
and
deaths
,
till
it
pleased
God
at
last
to
bring
him
safely
to
Heilbron
;
from
whence
after
a
short
stay
,
he
went
to
Schomdorf
,
where
he
found
his
family
:
In
which
place
he
stayed
till
Frebruary
following
,
having
obtained
leave
so
to
do
of
the
Duke
of
Wirtemberg
,
by
the
mediation
of
his
Dutches
,
The
Lutherans
spleen
.
whom
otherwise
the
Lutheran
Divines
would
not
have
endured
;
and
indeed
they
fretted
exceedingly
at
it
,
having
no
other
reason
for
their
spleen
,
but
only
because
he
was
a
Professor
of
Heidleberg
.
The
year
following
being
1623.
the
King
of
Bohemia
sent
for
him
into
the
Low-countries
,
and
at
last
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
after
a
long
,
difficult
,
dangerous
,
and
chargable
journey
both
by
Water
and
Land
,
He
goes
to
Embden
.
he
arrived
safely
with
his
Family
at
Embden
,
and
after
a
short
stay
there
went
into
Holland
,
presenting
himself
to
his
King
,
who
presently
made
him
Tutor
to
his
Eldest
son
Frederick
:
Neither
would
the
King
suffer
him
to
imbrace
a
frequent
call
which
he
had
to
a
Pastora●
charge
in
Embden
.
Yet
neither
did
he
pass
over
that
year
without
great
danger
;
For
as
he
was
passing
in
a
sled
upon
the
ice
nere
Purmerend
,
A
special
providence
.
the
ice
breaking
,
he
fell
into
the
water
,
and
was
very
neer
drowning
.
But
(
by
Gods
mercy
being
pulled
out
,
he
fell
into
a
dangerous
disease
,
of
which
though
he
recovered
,
yet
he
felt
a
continual
pain
in
his
left
shoulder
all
his
life
after
.
A
while
after
taking
all
his
Family
with
him
,
he
removed
to
Leiden
to
oversee
the
Kings
sons
in
their
studies
.
He
goes
to
Leiden
.
Anno
Christi
1625.
Sibrand
Lubbertus
dying
at
Franek●r
,
he
was
called
by
the
States
of
Frisland
to
supply
that
place
,
and
they
sent
again
and
again
to
the
King
to
desire
his
consent
thereto
:
But
the
King
not
consenting
,
he
modestly
excused
it
.
Anno
Christi
1626.
he
was
called
to
Groning
to
supply
the
place
of
Ravens●erg
,
one
of
the
Professors
of
Divinity
lately
dead
;
And
though
the
King
would
by
no
means
at
first
hear
of
it
,
yet
at
the
importunity
of
the
Senate
and
University
,
he
at
last
consented
,
and
furnishing
him
with
necessaries
dismissed
him
:
He
goes
to
Groning
.
So
that
he
removed
to
Groning
,
and
the
Easter
following
began
his
work
in
the
University
Anno
Christi
1627.
yet
once
a
year
he
used
to
visit
the
King
,
who
always
highly
prized
him
,
and
used
him
very
familiarly
.
He
supplyed
that
Professors
place
at
Groning
for
the
space
of
eighteen
years
with
admirable
fidelity
,
diligence
,
and
industry
,
as
not
only
his
hearers
but
his
works
testifie
;
His
works
.
As
his
Body
of
Divinity
,
His
Explication
of
Vrsins
Catechism
,
and
the
Belgick
Confession
.
His
Disputations
and
Lectures
against
the
Manual
of
Becanus
:
His
Tractates
concerning
the
Plague
:
Predestination
and
the
Term
of
Life
.
His
Vindication
and
Explication
of
the
Canons
of
the
Synod
of
Dort
:
Besides
some
other
of
his
Works
not
yet
printed
.
He
was
three
times
Rector
of
the
Academy
in
Groning
.
His
care
of
the
University
.
In
the
years
1628.
1636
and
1641.
At
all
which
times
he
brought
some
great
profit
or
other
to
the
University
.
In
his
first
Rectorship
he
procured
an
encrease
of
Fellowships
:
For
whereas
there
were
but
forty
before
,
he
encreased
them
to
sixty
.
In
his
second
Rectorship
he
procured
a
great
augmentation
to
the
University
Library
.
In
his
third
he
obtained
that
one
of
the
Doctors
was
sent
at
the
Publick
charge
to
Leiden
to
buy
the
choicest
Books
out
of
Gomarus
his
Library
.
He
was
seven
years
Pastor
of
the
Church
of
Groning
.
At
the
request
of
Count
Benthemius
he
visited
the
County
of
Steinfurt
,
His
imployments
.
purged
it
from
Socinianism
,
and
setled
peace
in
the
Churches
:
He
,
together
with
some
other
learned
men
,
was
imployed
in
perusing
and
correcting
the
new
Version
of
the
New
Testament
and
the
Apocrypha
Books
,
wherein
he
attended
it
with
great
diligence
and
danger
at
Leiden
,
the
Plague
being
very
rife
amongst
them
at
the
same
time
.
He
always
had
a
singular
care
of
the
Churches
of
Germany
,
His
care
to
provide
for
Exiles
.
and
especially
of
the
Pallatinate
,
improving
his
interest
in
procuring
liberal
contributions
in
all
the
Reformed
Churches
for
their
maintenance
,
that
they
might
not
perish
through
want
.
The
Collections
which
were
made
in
England
,
were
committed
to
his
distribution
with
two
others
by
the
Elector
Charles
Lodowick
.
Charity
.
The
contribution
of
that
Noble
and
Munisicent
man
Lodowick
de
Geer
was
put
into
his
hand
for
the
training
up
of
young
German
Students
in
Divinity
,
which
might
(
when
God
should
restore
peace
)
furnish
the
Churches
of
the
Palatinate
again
:
which
trust
he
discharged
with
great
diligence
and
fidelity
.
His
fidelity
.
He
refused
the
Cals
which
he
had
to
Vtrick
and
Leiden
:
For
though
he
condescended
to
the
latter
,
when
it
was
brought
him
Anno
Christi
1633.
His
Call
to
Leiden
.
by
the
Syndic
of
Leiden
,
yet
it
was
upon
condition
that
the
Provincial
States
of
Groning
would
give
their
consents
:
But
he
was
too
dear
to
them
to
be
dismissed
,
though
several
requests
were
made
to
them
by
the
States
of
Holland
for
the
obtaining
thereof
.
He
was
once
calle●
back
by
the
Administrator
of
the
Palatinate
,
And
into
the
Palatinate
.
Prince
Lodowick
Philip
,
to
be
Professor
of
Heidleberg
,
and
to
restore
the
Churches
in
the
Palatinate
:
and
for
that
end
he
went
through
many
dangers
as
far
as
Franckfurt
:
but
by
reason
of
the
overthrow
at
Norlingen
,
a
new
tempest
hung
over
the
Palatinate
▪
which
hindred
his
prosecution
of
that
work
.
His
care
of
the
University
.
How
much
he
watched
over
the
good
of
the
University
of
Groning
;
how
careful
he
was
for
the
choice
of
able
Professors
in
case
of
vacancy
;
and
how
prevalent
he
was
therein
by
reason
of
his
favour
and
authority
with
the
States
,
is
known
to
all
that
were
his
Contemporaries
there
.
He
was
very
careful
for
the
training
up
of
young
Students
to
the
work
of
the
Ministry
,
that
they
should
not
be
sent
forth
raw
and
unprovided
to
so
great
and
difficult
imployments
:
for
which
end
he
caused
Ecclesiastes
Bucani
to
be
printed
for
their
use
.
He
marryed
a
wife
whilst
he
was
at
Heidleberg
Anno
Christi
1614.
His
marriage
.
a
little
before
he
was
called
to
his
Professors
place
:
Not
rashly
(
as
many
do
)
marrying
and
getting
children
before
they
have
means
to
maintain
them
.
She
was
a
very
religious
Matron
[
Susanna
Belieria
]
the
daughter
of
Charles
Belierius
,
then
Consul
of
Heidleberg
:
with
whom
he
lived
lovingly
without
domestick
quarrels
for
the
space
of
neer
thirty
years
,
by
whom
he
had
seven
children
.
He
was
tall
of
stature
and
well
set
:
He
had
quick
eyes
and
lively
senses
:
His
character
.
a
loud
and
pleasing
voice
:
A
sound
constitution
,
only
by
reason
of
his
many
occasions
of
grief
,
somewhat
inclining
to
Melancholy
,
so
as
he
was
prone
to
such
diseases
wherein
that
humor
did
abound
.
In
his
old
age
he
was
somewhat
slow
of
gate
,
not
through
unwealdiness
of
body
,
but
by
reason
of
the
speedy
growth
of
old
age
upon
him
.
He
was
very
pious
and
learned
,
and
adorned
with
all
graces
.
If
he
set
himself
to
reprove
vice
,
he
performed
it
with
great
gravity
.
If
he
comforted
his
friends
,
he
did
it
with
admirable
dexterity
.
If
he
admonished
any
of
their
duty
,
he
did
it
with
much
lenity
.
His
Ministry
was
full
of
Majesty
;
his
stile
eloquent
;
his
matter
clear
and
solid
.
He
was
very
sociable
,
pleasant
,
and
loving
in
his
converse
with
his
friends
.
By
his
practice
,
converse
,
experience
,
and
reading
both
of
ancient
and
modern
Ecclesiastical
Histories
,
he
attained
to
a
great
measure
of
wisdom
.
His
zeal
.
He
was
very
zealous
in
defending
the
Orthodox
Religion
.
Very
far
from
busying
himself
in
other
mens
matters
.
Could
not
endure
strife
and
contentions
:
Shunned
those
vain
distinctions
and
fooleries
of
Sophisters
whereby
they
rather
darken
then
explicate
the
mysteries
of
Salvation
.
He
could
not
endure
novelties
in
Divinity
,
holding
that
of
Tertullian
,
Primum
quodque
verissimum
,
That
which
is
most
ancient
is
most
true
.
His
profession
was
without
dissimulation
;
his
Divinity
solid
and
substantial
,
not
that
which
is
fetched
out
of
the
puddles
of
the
Schoolmen
(
though
he
was
no
stranger
to
them
)
but
out
of
the
pure
Fountain
of
the
Sacred
Scriptures
.
He
stud●es
the
Churches
peace
.
He
was
a
constant
studier
of
the
Peace
of
the
Church
,
yet
always
so
as
not
to
hazard
the
loss
of
truth
which
he
ever
preferred
before
the
former
.
He
was
of
a
constant
minde
,
always
the
same
;
valiant
in
adversity
,
moderate
in
prosperity
,
having
well
learned
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
to
sustain
and
abstain
.
In
reproofs
he
was
affectionate
without
bitterness
:
In
admonishing
and
counselling
prudent
without
passion
:
In
choosing
his
friends
of
a
quick
judgement
,
and
constant
in
retaining
them
:
His
prudence
.
When
he
was
to
deliver
his
judgement
either
in
the
Academical
Senate
,
or
in
the
Ecclesiastick
Presbyterie
,
he
so
went
before
others
with
his
prudent
counsel
,
as
not
to
neglect
to
hear
others
judgements
,
neither
would
he
take
it
ill
if
they
dissented
from
him
.
If
any
question
of
great
difficulty
happened
,
he
would
never
rest
till
he
had
searched
out
,
and
made
plain
the
truth
.
If
any
resorted
to
him
in
private
to
ask
his
advice
in
Sacred
,
Civil
,
Academical
,
or
Oeconomical
affairs
,
his
answer
was
instead
of
an
Oracle
to
them
.
His
prudence
did
futher
discover
it self
by
the
government
of
his
Family
,
His
family
government
.
where
he
kept
all
in
peace
,
order
,
and
concord
;
and
concerning
which
this
only
was
known
that
no
body
kn●w
what
was
done
therein
.
Anno
Christi
1639.
he
buryed
one
of
his
daughters
called
Mary
,
a
beautiful
and
virtuous
young
maid
,
which
caused
so
great
grief
to
him
that
he
fell
into
a
Quartane
Ague
,
which
Physitians
hold
to
be
mortal
in
old
men
;
His
sickness
.
and
though
at
last
he
was
cured
of
it
,
yet
it
lest
ill
reliques
in
his
weakened
bo●y
,
which
in
the
year
1641.
brake
forth
into
a
far
more
grievous
disease
,
viz.
a
Leth●rgy
,
which
threatned
an
Apoplexie
,
and
which
the
Physitians
did
foretel
to
be
fatal
:
Yet
neither
by
this
sharp
affliction
could
his
stedfast
minde
be
cast
down
:
For
after
a
while
,
contrary
to
all
mens
expectations
,
he
began
to
recover
strength
,
though
indeed
he
was
never
perfectly
cured
.
A
third
affliction
which
befel
him
,
His
wife
dies
.
was
the
death
of
his
dear
wife
,
which
fell
out
the
year
after
upon
October
the
15
▪
the
same
day
upon
which
formerly
he
had
been
chosen
Master
of
the
College
of
Wisdom
.
From
that
very
time
of
the
loss
of
his
wife
he
was
discerned
to
decay
,
his
solitude
encreasing
his
melancholy
,
which
afterwards
he
could
never
get
the
mastery
over
.
Yea
he
often
foretold
that
he
should
not
long
survive
his
wife
:
Death
foreseen
.
and
though
the
Easter
after
he
went
as
far
as
●●mbden
to
visit
his
friends
,
and
recreate
himself
with
their
society
,
yet
thereby
he
did
but
increase
his
destempers
.
For
he
was
detained
there
for
the
space
of
twenty
days
by
reason
of
a
Catharr
and
Feaver
;
His
disease
encreas●th
.
after
which
he
returned
to
Groning
,
but
much
weakned
and
troubled
with
obstructions
which
Physick
could
not
remove
▪
nor
any
Medicines
cure
.
Yet
it
pleased
God
that
he
had
some
lucid
intervals
,
at
which
times
he
would
attend
upon
his
Professorship
,
and
the
affairs
of
the
University
and
his
friends
.
August
following
,
those
obstructions
so
far
prevailed
that
they
took
away
his
stomach
,
and
thence
ensued
a
sensible
decay
of
his
strength
,
which
afterwards
was
accompanied
with
great
pains
in
his
Back
and
Loins
,
that
caused
often
faintings
.
In
his
sickness
Doctor
Maretius
visiting
him
,
with
a
firm
voice
and
friendly
minde
he
congratulated
him
for
that
he
was
designed
for
his
successor
:
A
good
Pastor
.
For
(
saith
he
)
it
much
rejoyceth
me
that
I
shall
leave
to
the
Vniversity
and
Church
one
that
is
studious
of
peace
,
Orthodox
in
judgement
,
and
averse
from
novelties
;
and
I
require
you
that
as
you
have
ever
maintained
friendship
with
me
,
so
do
the
like
with
mine
whom
I
shall
leave
behinde
me
.
The
day
before
his
death
he
sang
the
130
Psalm
with
a
sweet
voice
,
and
fervent
zeal
to
the
Lord
,
and
spent
the
rest
of
his
time
in
hearty
Prayers
and
holy
meditations
.
In
the
Evening
he
blessed
his
children
,
and
then
commanded
his
son
Doctor
James
Alting
to
pray
with
him
,
and
in
his
Prayers
to
remember
the
Church
and
University
.
The
next
day
which
was
Sabbath
day
in
the
morning
he
found
himself
somewhat
better
,
yet
presently
after
he
fell
into
a
swound
.
After
the
Morning
Exercise
,
his
old
friends
Doctor
Camerarius
,
and
Doctor
Strasbergerus
,
Agents
for
the
Crown
of
Sweden
,
came
to
visit
him
,
by
whose
conference
he
was
somewhat
refreshed
:
but
no
sooner
were
they
gone
,
when
feeling
that
his
disease
had
conquered
Nature
,
he
told
those
about
him
that
before
Sunset
he
should
depart
to
the
Lord
:
His
faith
.
and
so
acting
his
faith
upon
the
death
and
merits
of
Christ
,
upon
the
promises
of
the
Gospel
,
and
cheared
up
with
the
comforts
of
the
Holy
Ghost
,
he
expected
death
without
fear
,
and
presently
after
with
a
constant
voice
he
bade
them
all
farewel
,
as
being
ready
to
depart
to
Christ
,
which
he
much
longed
for
:
Then
causing
himself
to
be
somewhat
raised
up
,
they
perceived
that
he
was
ready
to
depart
,
wherefore
hastily
sending
for
the
Reverend
Pastor
of
the
Church
Wesselus
Emmius
,
his
old
friend
,
he
prayed
with
him
,
and
as
long
as
he
perceived
that
he
understood
him
,
he
cheered
him
up
with
the
sweet
promises
of
the
Gospel
,
valiantly
to
go
through
that
last
combate
;
and
so
about
three
a
clock
in
the
afternoon
,
in
the
presence
of
his
friends
,
and
the
Professors
of
the
University
,
without
the
least
strugling
,
His
death
.
he
quietly
slept
in
the
Lord
,
Aug.
25.
Anno
Christi
1644.
His
Works
are
mentioned
before
in
his
life
.
His
works
.
The
Life
of
Frederick
Spanhemius
,
who
dyed
Anno
Christi
1649.
FRederick
Spanhemius
was
born
in
January
Anno
Chri.
1600.
His
birth
.
in
Amberg
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
upper
Palatinate
,
which
year
was
famous
for
many
things
,
especially
for
that
memorable
battel
of
Newport
,
wherein
Prince
Maurice
overthrew
the
Spanish
Forces
:
His
parentage
.
His
Father
was
Wigand
Spanhemius
,
an
honorable
and
most
pious
man
,
being
Doctor
of
Divinity
,
and
a
Counsellor
to
Frederick
King
of
Bohemia
in
Ecclesiastical
affairs
:
For
Church
businesses
in
the
Palatinate
are
not
ordered
by
Presbyteries
and
Consistories
,
as
in
other
Reformed
Churches
,
but
by
certain
Ecclesiastical
and
Civil
persons
chosen
by
the
Prince
,
to
whom
the
whole
care
of
Ecclesiastical
matters
is
committed
.
His
Mother
was
Renata
Tossana
,
the
daughter
of
that
famous
Divine
Daniel
Tossanus
,
sometimes
Minister
in
Orleance
,
afterwards
Pastor
and
Professor
of
Divinity
in
Heidleberg
:
Our
Frederick
so
soon
as
he
began
to
speak
,
His
education
.
shewed
such
towardliness
and
ingenuity
,
that
he
gave
hopes
of
excelling
when
he
should
come
to
riper
years
:
His
parents
therefore
,
least
so
fruitful
a
field
should
lie
untilled
,
took
care
that
he
should
be
trained
up
in
Religion
and
Learning
,
first
under
their
own
wings
till
he
was
seven
years
old
;
and
then
they
procured
him
to
be
admitted
into
the
Elector
School
in
that
City
,
where
,
as
he
grew
in
years
he
increased
both
in
Learning
and
Piety
,
so
that
when
he
was
eleven
years
old
,
His
sickness
.
falling
into
a
Tertian
Ague
,
which
held
him
long
,
he
made
a
vow
unto
God
,
that
if
he
pleased
to
restore
him
,
he
would
(
so
soon
as
he
was
fit
)
apply
himself
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
His
vow
.
whereby
he
might
be
able
to
do
him
service
in
his
Church
all
his
life
long
.
An
Chri.
1631.
A
great
plague
.
the
Plague
brake
forth
at
Amberg
,
which
raging
for
seven
or
eight
moneths
together
,
dissipated
that
School
,
whereby
his
studies
were
hindred
:
yet
did
his
Father
endeavor
to
make
up
that
defect
by
his
private
instructing
of
him
at
home
:
So
that
the
year
following
his
Father
judging
him
fit
for
the
University
,
He
goes
to
Heidleberg
.
sent
him
to
Heidleberg
,
which
at
that
time
was
the
common
Mart
of
Learning
,
unto
which
Students
resorted
out
of
all
parts
:
when
he
came
thither
,
he
first
sojourned
in
the
house
of
his
Uncle
Paul
Tossan
;
by
whose
converse
and
example
he
profited
very
much
:
but
after
a
while
being
examined
by
the
Ecclesiastical
Senate
,
and
judged
fit
,
he
was
admitted
into
the
Colledge
of
Sapience
,
His
industry
.
where
he
spent
four
years
and
an
half
under
those
famous
men
,
Henry
Alting
and
Conrade
Decker
,
to
whom
he
approved
himself
both
for
his
wit
,
diligence
and
progress
in
Learning
:
For
indeed
he
spent
no
time
idly
,
imposing
a
task
upon
himself
,
whereby
he
did
not
only
equal
,
but
far
exceed
all
his
contemporaries
:
First
drinking
down
those
more
pleasant
studies
of
the
Arts
:
then
betaking
himself
to
the
study
of
Latine
and
Greek
out
of
the
most
Classick
Authors
:
His
proficiency
.
after
which
he
proceeded
to
the
Hebrew
,
which
he
prosecuted
with
such
fervor
,
that
in
four
moneths
space
he
read
over
the
whole
Hebrew
Bible
:
He
made
also
in
that
time
three
publick
Orations
:
First
of
the
Life
and
praises
of
Saint
Ambrose
;
Secondly
,
Of
the
authority
of
the
Laws
prescribed
to
him
by
Altingius
;
and
lastly
of
the
four
honorable
Offices
belonging
to
the
Electoral
family
.
His
disputations
.
He
also
kept
a
publick
Disputation
De
Mundo
under
Christopher
Jugnitius
:
After
all
which
in
January
An.
Chri.
1619.
by
the
command
of
his
Superiors
,
he
stood
with
five
Competitors
,
and
underwent
a
private
and
publick
examination
in
the
Hebrew
,
Greek
,
and
Latine
Tongues
:
as
also
in
Logick
,
Physicks
,
Mathematicks
,
and
Ethick●
,
and
made
Theams
and
Verses
in
all
those
three
Languages
:
and
disputed
concerning
Judiciary
Astroligie
with
one
of
his
Competitors
.
Examination
being
ended
he
was
made
Master
of
Arts
,
He
is
made
Master
of
Arts.
and
so
returned
with
honor
to
his
Parents
;
with
whom
after
he
had
staid
a
while
he
was
by
them
sent
to
Geneva
,
Goes
to
Geneva
.
in
regard
of
the
eminency
both
of
the
Teachers
and
City
:
For
indeed
that
City
was
famous
from
the
first
Reformation
in
which
Calvin
and
Beza
flourished
,
who
derived
the
same
excellent
Genius
wherewith
themselves
were
adorned
to
their
successors
.
At
his
first
coming
thither
he
fell
into
acquaintance
with
Vedelius
the
Professor
of
Philosophy
,
and
Heidanus
,
who
afterwards
made
his
Funeral
Oration
:
These
men
found
in
him
such
qualifications
as
drew
their
affections
to
him
:
For
they
discerned
him
to
be
serious
,
contemplative
,
affable
towards
all
,
and
of
elegant
manners
:
and
abounding
with
profound
speculations
,
which
as
he
did
not
ambitiously
discover
,
so
neither
did
he
conceal
them
where
he
might
profitably
make
use
of
them
:
The
greatest
part
of
his
time
he
spent
in
his
private
studies
,
and
in
learning
the
French
Tongue
,
with
the
elegancy
whereof
he
was
much
taken
,
so
that
in
a
few
moneths
he
attained
to
good
skill
in
it
:
For
the
furtherance
whereof
they
agreed
amongst
themselves
at
meals
to
give
an
account
in
French
of
what
they
had
read
that
day
.
An.
Chri.
1620.
His
disputations
.
he
publickly
disputed
with
Universal
applause
under
Turretine
concerning
the
five
Articles
controverted
by
the
Arminians
:
wherein
he
gave
an
Essay
what
might
afterwards
be
expected
from
him
in
that
kinde
.
The
year
following
things
being
in
a
deplorable
condition
in
Bohemia
,
and
in
the
Palatinate
,
he
went
to
Gratianople
,
that
he
might
free
his
Parents
from
further
charge
in
his
maintenance
;
and
from
thence
to
Ebrodune
,
He
goes
to
Ebrodune
.
an
Episcopal
City
in
the
upper
Dauphaunie
;
where
he
was
Tutor
to
a
Noble
mans
sons
for
three
years
,
during
which
time
he
conflicted
with
many
diseases
,
especially
with
a
dizziness
in
his
head
,
for
which
by
the
advice
of
a
Physitian
he
had
a
Fontinel
made
in
his
left
arm
,
which
wholly
freed
him
from
that
disease
.
Whilst
he
was
in
this
City
,
he
twice
contested
with
the
Pontificians
:
First
in
the
Jesuites
Colledge
with
Father
Hughes
concerning
Justification
,
He
disputes
with
Papists
.
the
authority
of
the
Scriptures
,
the
Church
,
&c.
And
afterwards
with
a
Franciscan
Fryar
in
the
presence
of
the
Mayor
of
the
City
,
a
Papist
,
and
many
Popish
Lawyers
concerning
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
:
In
both
which
he
found
(
as
he
professed
)
the
special
assistance
of
God
,
so
that
though
he
was
young
,
and
not
much
versed
in
those
controversies
,
yet
he
in
the
judgement
of
his
very
adversaries
was
not
overcome
.
At
the
end
of
the
three
years
,
having
with
much
difficulty
obtained
leave
of
the
Noble
man
,
he
returned
to
Geneva
:
and
after
a
while
went
from
thence
to
Paris
,
He
goes
to
Paris
.
where
he
was
most
courteously
entertained
by
Samuel
Durant
,
the
Pastor
of
the
Reformed
Church
,
his
Kinsman
,
with
whom
he
lived
till
the
death
of
Mr.
Durant
,
by
whose
advice
he
refused
the
Professor
of
Philosophies
place
at
Lausanna
,
to
which
he
was
invited
by
the
Magistrates
of
Bern.
During
his
abode
at
Paris
he
grew
into
familiar
acquaintance
with
the
learned
Camero
,
He
is
dear
to
Camero
.
who
was
so
far
affected
with
his
sweet
disposition
,
that
though
he
differed
from
him
in
some
points
,
especially
about
Universal
Redemption
,
yet
did
he
endeavour
to
carry
him
along
with
him
to
Montalban
,
whither
he
was
called
to
be
the
Divinity
Professor
,
but
prevailed
not
.
He
sometimes
also
visited
Tilenus
and
Grotius
,
and
had
acquaintance
with
them
.
An.
Chri.
1625.
in
April
,
by
the
approbation
of
Mr.
Durant
he
came
over
into
England
,
He
comes
to
England
.
where
he
stayd
four
moneths
,
in
which
short
time
he
took
a
survey
of
the
Kingdom
,
learned
the
Language
,
gat
acquaintance
with
the
most
learned
men
,
and
observed
many
things
that
were
worthy
notice
:
as
the
funeral
of
King
James
:
the
arrival
of
Queen
Mary
:
the
Parliament
:
the
Convocation
of
the
Clergy
:
the
Act
at
Oxford
,
and
many
other
things
.
But
the
Plague
being
at
that
time
hot
in
Oxford
,
(
according
to
his
former
engagement
to
his
Cosen
Durant
)
he
left
England
,
His
return
to
Paris
.
and
returned
to
Paris
,
where
he
set
upon
the
study
of
the
Chaldee
and
Syriack
Languages
,
and
read
over
the
Chaldee
Paraphrase
of
the
Prophets
,
and
the
Evangelists
and
most
of
the
Epistles
in
Syriack
.
These
were
his
Halcyon
days
,
which
were
broken
off
by
the
death
of
Mr.
Durant
,
who
left
unto
him
his
whole
Library
:
after
which
he
retired
himself
into
the
Family
of
the
Noble
Arnold
,
Counsellor
and
Secretary
of
State
,
who
entertained
him
at
his
own
Table
,
being
much
delighted
with
the
variety
of
his
Learning
and
Piety
.
And
thus
far
he
lived
a
private
life
:
but
in
July
An.
Chr.
1625.
he
was
called
by
his
friends
to
Geneva
;
He
is
called
to
Geneva
.
and
indeed
he
delighted
in
that
City
above
all
others
,
wishing
that
there
he
might
fix
his
station
:
whereupon
he
hasted
thither
upon
this
Call
,
and
often
spake
of
the
good
Providence
of
God
to
him
therein
:
For
when
he
came
to
Lyons
,
being
to
pass
over
the
River
Araris
,
he
would
needs
go
over
in
a
Boat
:
but
by
the
violence
of
the
stream
his
Boat
was
split
against
an
Arch
of
the
Bridge
,
A
special
Providence
.
whereby
with
much
difficulty
he
escaped
drowning
,
and
so
(
through
Gods
mercy
)
coming
at
length
to
Geneva
,
An.
Chri.
1626.
He
is
chosen
Professor
.
he
found
the
Professor
of
Philosophies
place
to
be
void
by
the
death
of
Gasper
Alexius
,
and
so
by
the
unanimous
vote
of
all
,
he
was
preferred
before
all
his
Competitors
to
it
,
whereby
after
all
his
travels
and
troubles
he
aimed
at
a
safe
and
quiet
harbor
:
Hereupon
the
better
to
bind
himself
to
continuance
in
that
place
,
His
marriage
.
the
year
after
he
resolved
to
marry
,
and
pitching
his
affections
upon
Carlot
a
Portu
,
the
daughter
of
the
Noble
Peter
a
Portu
,
with
the
good
liking
of
her
friends
,
he
marryed
her
,
and
ever
after
carryed
a
tender
affection
towards
her
;
and
indeed
she
well
deserved
it
in
regard
of
her
vertues
,
and
innocency
of
manners
,
A
good
Wife
.
joyned
with
Dovelike
simplicity
,
free
from
fraud
and
guile
.
For
she
wholly
depended
upon
her
husband
,
and
was
willing
to
be
governed
in
all
things
by
his
advice
,
which
is
the
chief
commendations
of
a
wife
,
and
so
had
all
things
common
with
him
.
And
herein
our
Spanheim
admirably
shewed
his
wisdom
,
who
as
he
was
famous
abroad
,
so
he
took
special
care
that
no
domestick
jars
should
infelicitate
his
life
:
Family
Government
.
his
endeavour
also
was
not
only
to
preserve
,
but
to
encrease
his
outward
estate
:
well
remembring
that
speech
of
the
Holy
Apostle
,
whereby
he
requires
that
a
Bishop
should
govern
his
house
well
,
and
keep
his
children
in
subjection
with
all
honesty
,
For
,
saith
he
,
If
a
man
cannot
govern
his
own
family
,
how
shall
he
take
care
of
the
Church
of
God
?
By
this
wife
he
had
many
children
,
whereof
some
dyed
in
their
infancy
,
His
children
.
but
he
left
seven
behinde
him
,
all
of
great
towardness
,
especially
his
two
eldest
sons
,
who
are
like
to
inherit
their
Fathers
vertues
.
But
it
was
not
fit
that
his
excellent
parts
should
be
shut
up
within
the
Schools
,
nor
his
light
put
under
a
bushel
,
which
ought
so
to
shine
that
the
Church
of
God
might
be
illuminated
thereby
;
whereupon
the
Reverend
Presbyterie
often
advised
him
to
apply
his
minde
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
His
Ordination
.
which
also
he
willingly
did
,
and
so
to
the
great
rejoycing
of
all
he
was
ordained
a
Minister
,
and
indeed
so
excelled
,
that
he
exceeded
all
mens
hopes
,
both
for
his
Eloquence
and
Doctrine
:
And
it
pleased
God
to
call
him
forth
to
the
constant
exercise
of
it
Anno
Christi
1631.
He
is
made
Professor
of
Divinity
.
at
which
time
Benedict
Turretain
one
of
the
Professors
,
and
his
dear
friend
,
dying
,
he
was
by
the
general
consent
of
all
chosen
to
succeed
him
,
at
which
time
he
lay
sick
in
bed
,
and
dreamed
of
no
such
matter
:
This
place
he
discharged
for
eleven
years
space
with
great
applause
:
For
then
he
discovered
what
was
afterwards
to
be
expected
from
him
both
by
his
Lectures
and
Disputations
:
so
that
that
University
was
never
in
a
better
condition
then
when
it
was
illustrated
by
the
light
of
Spanhemius
.
An.
Chri.
1635.
he
was
chosen
Rector
of
the
University
,
at
which
time
he
made
that
excellent
Oration
,
which
was
published
in
the
name
of
Geneva
Reformed
,
being
just
an
hundred
years
after
that
City
first
embraced
the
Gospel
.
Hereupon
the
Bernates
consulted
about
drawing
him
to
Lausanna
,
He
is
desired
in
several
places
.
to
succeed
in
the
place
of
James
à
Portu
:
They
of
Groning
edeavoured
to
get
him
to
them
:
and
the
Prince
Elector
Palatine
sought
also
the
same
:
but
the
miseries
which
at
this
time
fell
upon
the
Palatinate
,
put
an
end
to
those
desires
:
At
last
Leiden
obtained
him
,
though
with
much
difficulty
,
the
Magistrates
and
Church
of
Geneva
much
opposing
it
:
Yet
the
Curators
of
Leiden
insisted
with
so
much
earnestness
by
their
frequent
Letters
,
to
which
were
added
the
request
of
the
King
of
Bohemia
,
Leyden
obtains
him
.
of
the
illustrious
States
of
Holland
and
West-●risland
,
and
lastly
of
the
States
General
,
that
with
much
ado
at
length
they
extorted
,
rather
then
obtained
his
dismission
from
Geneva
:
But
its
worth
observation
what
means
they
used
to
retain
him
,
with
what
grief
and
sorrow
they
parted
with
him
,
what
a
confluence
of
people
brought
him
forth
of
the
City
,
and
with
what
sighs
and
tears
they
parted
with
him
,
as
if
in
losing
him
,
they
had
lost
a
principall
member
of
their
body
.
Yet
before
he
left
Geneva
he
went
to
Basil
to
take
the
degree
of
Doctor
:
For
in
Geneva
they
use
no
such
degree
,
and
therefore
whilst
he
was
there
he
affected
it
not
:
But
being
to
go
to
Leiden
where
it
was
more
necessary
,
he
that
had
been
for
so
many
years
a
Teacher
of
others
,
now
submitted
to
examination
,
He
Commences
Doctor
.
and
so
was
created
Doctor
:
And
this
profit
he
gat
thereby
,
that
he
veiwed
Helvetia
,
and
became
acquainted
with
many
excellent
and
learned
men
,
especially
with
Z●●gerus
and
Buxtorsius
,
whose
names
were
now
famous
in
the
Christian
World
.
An.
Chri.
1642.
leaving
Geneva
,
he
with
his
whole
Family
and
goods
arrived
safely
in
the
moneth
of
October
in
Leiden
,
He
comes
to
Leyden
.
just
upon
that
Festival
day
wherein
they
celebrated
the
memorial
of
their
deliverance
from
the
●panish
siege
,
and
was
most
gratefully
and
heartily
welcomed
by
them
:
and
so
soon
as
he
came
thither
it
was
observed
that
there
ensued
a
great
alteration
both
in
his
stile
,
conceptions
,
phrases
,
and
manner
of
life
,
so
that
he
lived
amongst
the
Hollanders
as
if
he
had
been
born
amongst
them
.
His
great
Learning
.
In
his
Oration
which
he
made
at
his
Inauguration
,
he
shewed
himself
a
learned
,
pious
,
prudent
and
peaceable
Divine
.
In
his
Disputations
he
was
earnest
,
quick
,
and
altogether
insuperable
,
as
one
that
knew
all
the
lurking
holes
of
S●ph●●iers
,
and
withall
knew
how
to
overthrow
them
in
their
own
Artifices
:
He
was
so
acute
that
at
the
first
word
he
understood
the
meaning
of
his
Antagonists
,
and
many
times
did
so
happily
enucleate
it
,
that
expressing
it
better
then
themselves
could
,
he
taught
them
thereby
:
and
when
any
difficulty
arose
,
he
could
easily
by
the
light
of
reason
discuss
and
make
it
clear
:
But
when
he
handled
the
cause
of
God
,
and
was
to
assert
his
truth
,
and
honor
against
the
impudence
of
adversaries
,
you
might
have
seen
him
go
beyond
himself
:
rising
up
with
a
great
spirit
and
unusual
zeal
to
dispel
the
objections
of
his
adversaries
.
Many
times
also
in
Disputations
,
least
they
should
be
jejune
and
frigid
,
he
would
furnish
the
Opp●nent
with
Arguments
,
and
arm
him
against
himself
,
least
an
hour
should
pass
without
profit
to
the
Hearers
.
His
care
was
not
only
to
learn
the
first
grounds
of
some
of
the
Arts
,
but
he
rested
not
till
he
had
gained
the
exact
knowledge
of
all
the
Arts
,
and
had
dived
into
the
profundity
of
Philosophy
:
For
it
s
the
sign
of
an
ignoble
and
slothful
minde
to
retain
and
conclude
it self
with
in
narrow
bounds
:
yet
rested
he
not
in
the
knowledge
of
humane
Arts
,
but
only
made
them
Handmaids
and
Servants
to
Divinity
:
His
study
of
the
Scriptures
.
For
that
indeed
he
prized
above
all
other
studies
,
and
therein
he
spent
most
of
his
time
,
endeavouring
throughly
to
understand
the
Sacred
Scriptures
,
and
to
vindicate
the
same
from
all
the
false
glosses
put
upon
them
by
Hereticks
:
He
,
if
ever
any
man
,
was
studious
of
the
Truth
:
to
the
defence
whereof
he
consecrated
all
his
studies
,
and
indeed
was
then
in
his
Paradice
when
he
had
attained
to
the
knowledge
of
obscure
Truths
,
or
had
brought
light
to
difficult
Texts
,
or
had
●reed
them
from
the
wrestings
or
cavils
of
Hereticks
.
He
was
truly
a
Scribe
taught
to
the
Kingdom
of
Heaven
,
who
out
of
his
treasury
brought
forth
things
new
and
old
:
His
love
to
the
truth
.
And
although
his
minde
was
estranged
from
contentions
,
yet
was
he
so
great
a
lover
of
Truth
,
that
no
bonds
of
friendship
or
acquaintance
,
nor
fear
could
divert
him
from
the
defence
thereof
:
he
alwayes
preferred
the
cause
of
God
before
all
other
relations
and
respects
:
And
though
he
often
professed
that
his
chiefest
desire
was
to
grapple
with
the
open
Adversaries
of
the
Church
:
yet
withall
,
he
declared
that
he
could
not
be
silent
towards
those
Brethren
who
through
ignorance
or
infirmity
sought
to
undermine
the
Truth
:
The
danger
of
Schism
.
for
many
times
a
little
spark
neglected
at
first
,
proves
a
dangerous
fire
When
men
have
once
undertaken
the
Patronage
of
an
opinion
,
they
begin
to
cling
close
unto
it
,
and
the
Error
of
it
being
not
timely
discovered
to
them
,
begins
to
please
them
,
and
at
last
shame
of
detracting
what
they
have
published
,
makes
them
incorrigible
.
A
great
wit
,
sound
judgement
,
and
strong
memory
,
seldom
meet
in
one
man
,
by
reason
of
the
different
tempers
whence
they
proceed
;
but
they
did
all
so
concur
in
our
Spanheim
,
His
excellent
parts
.
that
it
was
hard
to
say
in
which
he
most
excelled
.
He
was
somewhat
cholerick
by
nature
,
yet
so
suppressed
the
same
,
that
he
brake
not
forth
at
any
time
into
sinful
anger
.
He
was
a
man
so
addicted
to
his
study
and
the
Schools
,
that
its
a
wonder
how
he
could
understand
any
thing
else
:
But
God
had
made
him
a
man
both
for
contemplation
and
action
;
His
prudence
in
civil
affairs
.
as
may
appear
by
the
use
which
Noble
men
and
women
made
of
him
for
advice
in
civil
affairs
:
When
he
wrote
of
Politicks
,
you
would
have
thought
that
he
had
studyed
nothing
else
in
the
whole
course
of
his
life
:
Before
he
grew
old
,
he
was
an
old
man
for
wisdom
and
intentness
upon
businesses
.
His
whole
life
was
an
Idaea
of
wisdom
,
whereby
as
occasion
required
,
he
could
accommodate
himself
to
affairs
of
all
sorts
.
His
prudence
in
chusing
friends
.
He
was
a
wary
estimator
of
humane
affairs
:
In
his
friendships
he
observed
this
rule
,
that
though
he
did
not
admit
all
promiscuously
,
yet
did
he
admit
not
a
few
into
his
familiarity
.
He
was
very
ready
to
do
good
to
,
and
to
deserve
well
of
all
;
and
whereas
many
had
daily
occasion
to
make
use
of
him
,
he
rather
numbred
then
weighed
the
good
turns
he
did
them
.
He
had
almost
so
many
friends
as
acquaintance
,
especially
of
those
that
excelled
in
Learning
:
In
England
,
His
many
friends
.
Vsher
,
Selden
,
Prideaux
,
Morton
,
and
Twisse
,
who
a
little
before
death
would
trust
no
body
but
our
Spanheim
with
sundry
writings
which
he
had
prepared
for
the
press
.
In
France
,
besides
many
Noble
men
who
were
in
great
places
of
dignity
,
he
had
Molinaeus
,
Tro●chinus
,
William
Rivet
,
Garissolius
,
Beaumontius
,
Mestrezatius
,
Drelincourtius
,
Bouterovius●
Muratus
,
Blondellus
,
Ferrius
,
Petitus
,
Croius
,
Vincentius
,
Bochartus
,
almost
all
of
them
famous
for
their
writings
:
I●
Germany
he
had
Zuingerus
,
Vlricus
,
Buxtorsius
,
Crocius
,
with
some
others
;
yea
out
of
Sweden
,
the
Queen
her self
the
m●racle
of
her
sexe
,
did
lately
salute
him
very
kindely
by
her
Bishop
,
and
by
her
Letters
signified
how
much
she
esteemed
him
,
and
how
much
she
was
delighted
with
his
Works
.
In
Transylvania
,
Bisterfield
,
a
very
learned
man
,
kept
constant
correspondence
with
him
by
frequent
Letters
.
But
we
must
not
forget
Andrew
Rivet
,
who
was
inferior
to
none
of
the
Divines
that
then
lived
,
with
whom
he
had
a
most
strict
bond
of
friendship
,
so
that
they
seemed
to
have
but
one
soul
in
two
bodies
,
they
willed
and
nilled
the
same
thing
,
their
opinions
and
judgements
never
differing
:
But
as
he
was
always
an
acute
observer
of
wit
and
learning
,
so
he
never
desired
more
intimacy
with
any
then
with
such
as
by
an
unusual
kinde
of
Learning
excelled
all
others
,
whereupon
,
seeing
Salmatius
,
as
the
bright
Sun
obscuring
all
other
Stars
,
His
high
esteem
of
Salmatius
.
acknowledging
the
immensity
of
his
Learning
,
and
the
magnitude
of
his
Heroick
motions
,
he
often
professed
that
he
delighted
in
nothing
more
then
in
his
friendship
:
and
Salmatius
also
willingly
imbraced
the
same
,
insomuch
as
when
Spanheim
lay
sick
,
hearing
that
he
desired
to
speak
with
him
,
though
at
that
time
he
lay
sick
of
the
Gout
,
Salmatius
hasted
to
him
,
where
with
many
tears
and
sighs
they
imbraced
each
other
,
conferring
of
such
things
as
became
Christians
,
and
such
great
men
to
speak
of
,
to
their
mutual
satisfaction
.
He
lived
also
most
friendly
with
his
other
Colleagues
,
weighing
prudently
what
each
of
them
deserved
:
But
amongst
all
,
observing
Bernard
Schot
to
excel
for
his
skill
in
the
Law
,
and
dexterity
in
dispatching
businesses
,
as
also
for
his
obsequious
minde
towards
him
,
he
made
choice
of
him
especially
to
impart
his
secrets
to
,
and
to
rest
most
upon
his
advice
.
He
always
,
as
he
ought
,
much
esteemed
the
singular
good
will
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
towards
him
,
as
also
of
the
Queen
of
Bohemia
,
His
great
friends
.
and
other
of
the
States
,
to
whom
deservedly
he
was
most
dear
:
as
they
testified
by
their
extraordinary
grief
at
his
death
.
He
always
upon
every
occasion
professed
how
much
he
was
beholding
to
the
Curators
and
Magistrates
of
Leiden
,
for
their
singular
good
will
towards
him
,
whereby
they
often
anticipated
,
and
exceeded
his
modesty
in
conferring
favors
upon
him
.
The
most
excellent
Princess
of
Orange
also
,
after
his
death
,
sent
to
his
widdow
and
eldest
son
,
professing
that
the
loss
of
him
was
no
less
a
grief
to
her
,
then
if
she
had
lost
another
husband
,
or
dear
son
,
so
highly
did
she
esteem
of
him
.
Neither
may
any
man
wonder
whence
it
came
to
pass
that
he
had
so
many
friends
,
His
great
correspondence
.
if
withall
he
do
but
consider
the
multitude
of
Letters
that
he
sent
and
received
,
so
that
his
study
seemed
to
be
a
Compendium
of
all
Europe
.
But
behold
the
mutability
of
all
Earthly
things
!
The
truth
is
,
his
labors
were
so
many
and
great
,
that
if
his
body
had
been
of
Oak
,
or
Iron
,
he
could
not
have
held
out
long
:
so
that
we
may
truly
say
,
that
the
imployment
of
his
soul
destroyed
its
own
habitation
,
which
was
worn
out
,
and
dissolved
with
too
much
exercise
:
His
great
labours
.
For
besides
the
publick
labors
which
he
underwent
in
the
Church
and
University
,
his
private
and
domestical
cares
,
his
conferences
with
his
friends
,
his
frequent
intercourse
of
Letters
,
his
various
writings
,
and
giving
counsel
to
others
,
took
up
every
moment
in
his
life
:
And
though
he
was
often
admonished
by
his
friends
to
favour
himself
and
moderate
his
pains
,
yet
would
he
by
no
means
be
perswaded
to
it
.
Hence
it
was
observed
that
his
strength
began
sensibly
to
decay
,
His
sickness
.
and
he
was
troubled
with
great
obstructions
,
so
that
himself
began
to
complain
of
them
,
yet
would
he
not
diminish
his
daily
task
:
And
thus
he
continued
all
the
Winter
afflicted
with
weakness
,
and
pains
at
sundry
seasons
.
His
last
Sermon
he
Preached
at
Easter
,
upon
those
memorable
words
of
Saint
Paul
,
His
last
Sermon
and
Lecture
.
Phil.
3.
21.
Who
shall
change
our
vile
body
,
that
it
may
be
like
his
glorious
body
,
&c.
Also
after
his
last
Lecture
,
returning
home
,
he
complained
of
the
decay
of
his
strength
,
which
was
so
great
,
that
with
much
difficulty
he
went
on
to
the
end
of
his
Lecture
,
as
many
of
his
Auditors
observed
.
From
thenceforth
his
health
decayed
,
and
his
strength
declined
more
and
more
,
and
which
was
an
ill
sign
,
his
weakness
was
greater
then
his
disease
:
yet
notwithstanding
he
was
delegated
in
the
midst
of
April
,
He
goes
to
a
Synod
.
by
the
Church
,
to
a
Synod
of
the
French
Churches
which
met
at
Harlem
,
whither
he
went
,
though
the
labor
was
too
great
for
his
weak
body
:
And
at
his
return
he
sensibly
discerned
that
he
was
much
worse
,
so
that
though
no
signs
of
death
appeared
outwardly
,
yet
was
his
weakness
such
,
that
being
taken
off
his
Legs
,
he
was
confined
to
his
bed
:
Hereupon
he
foresaw
the
approach
of
death
,
His
preparation
for
death
.
and
wholly
gave
up
himself
to
God
,
whom
he
continually
invoked
by
ardent
prayers
,
and
sighs
,
which
had
been
his
constant
practice
in
the
whole
course
of
his
life
:
But
yet
April
the
28.
he
thought
himself
better
,
and
that
there
were
some
hopes
of
his
recovery
:
whereupon
in
the
afternoon
he
sate
up
at
his
study
window
:
where
he
had
not
continued
long
before
he
was
seized
upon
by
a
violent
Feaver
,
with
a
great
trembling
and
shaking
of
his
whole
body
,
which
at
length
ended
in
a
burning
,
so
that
he
lay
all
night
as
if
he
had
been
in
the
midst
of
a
fire
:
His
ardent
Prayer
.
whereupon
seeing
his
end
to
approach
,
in
the
presence
of
his
Family
he
poured
forth
most
ardent
Prayers
to
God
;
Profesting
that
he
knew
Christ
to
be
his
Redeemer
in
whom
he
believed
,
and
with
whom
he
knew
that
he
should
shortly
be
,
and
that
he
desired
nothing
so
much
as
his
happy
dissolution
,
his
soul
still
breathing
after
Christ
:
Only
this
by
earnest
prayers
he
begged
of
God
,
that
he
would
give
him
strength
to
undergo
whatsoever
he
should
please
to
lay
upon
him
,
and
that
he
would
not
suffer
him
to
be
tempted
beyond
what
he
was
able
to
bear
,
that
he
might
have
a
quiet
and
comfortable
departure
out
of
this
miserable
and
sinful
world
:
Presently
the
famous
Physitian
Dr.
Stratenus
was
sent
for
from
the
Hague
,
who
was
his
special
friend
,
to
whom
was
adjoined
Dr.
Wallaeus
,
who
performed
all
the
Offices
of
good
Physitians
,
and
did
what
Art
could
do
:
But
their
business
was
not
so
much
with
the
disease
,
as
with
death
,
which
refused
all
remedies
.
The
Citizens
of
Leiden
mourned
exceedingly
for
his
sickness
;
the
Queen
of
Bohemia
,
and
the
Princess
of
Orange
shewed
most
tender
affections
towards
him
:
His
wife
and
family
foreseeing
their
calamity
in
his
loss
,
were
dissolved
into
tears
:
His
Faith
and
Hope
.
But
Heidanus
coming
to
visit
him
,
he
declared
to
him
the
inward
peace
of
his
soul
,
his
hope
of
future
glory
,
and
his
faith
in
Christ
,
together
with
his
earnest
desire
of
leaving
this
miserable
World
:
He
also
freely
forgave
all
that
had
wronged
him
,
desiring
the
like
from
others
,
if
he
had
any
way
justly
offended
them
:
Professing
that
whatsoever
he
had
done
,
he
did
it
out
of
his
love
to
Truth
,
and
his
care
over
the
Church
.
The
night
before
his
death
Dr.
Triglandius
was
sent
for
to
him
,
whom
he
always
loved
and
honoured
as
his
dear
friend
,
and
Colleague
,
who
being
come
,
prayed
with
him
:
and
the
next
day
Dr.
Massisius
Pastor
of
the
French
Church
did
tho
like
:
And
thus
he
spent
all
that
week
in
Prayers
and
holy
Exercises
:
On
Wednesday
night
he
caused
his
son
to
read
to
him
the
8.
cha.
of
Ezekiel
and
part
of
the
Epistle
to
the
Romans
:
after
which
he
spake
to
his
eldest
son
[
Frederick
]
exhorting
him
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
requiring
him
not
to
be
withdrawn
from
it
by
any
means
whatsoever
;
His
commends
his
Wife
.
he
thought
that
he
could
never
speak
enough
of
the
tender
love
,
care
,
and
diligence
of
his
wife
shewed
towards
him
.
A
little
before
his
death
,
recollecting
his
spirits
,
in
the
presence
of
Samuel
Riverius
Pastor
of
Delph
,
with
a
clear
and
fervent
voice
,
he
prayed
with
such
ardency
of
affections
,
as
caused
all
to
wonder
.
What
he
gives
thanks
for
.
In
his
Prayers
he
gave
immortal
thanks
to
God
for
all
his
blessings
bestowed
so
plentifully
upon
him
in
the
whole
course
of
his
life
:
and
for
that
he
had
blessed
him
so
much
amongst
strangers
:
acknowledging
himself
to
be
lesse
then
all
those
blessings
,
and
that
he
had
nothing
to
return
to
his
Majesty
for
them
but
his
grateful
heart
:
Above
other
things
he
especially
blessed
him
for
bringing
him
forth
in
a
Reformed
and
Orthodox
Church
,
and
for
that
he
had
not
suffered
him
to
be
infected
with
the
Popish
Religion
,
whose
Doctrine
he
professed
to
be
erroneous
and
contrary
to
the
Gospel
of
Christ
,
and
the
way
of
perdition
:
He
prayed
heartily
to
God
to
continue
these
blessings
to
his
Family
for
ever
,
and
that
he
would
never
suffer
any
of
them
to
be
seduced
to
Popery
:
He
prayed
also
that
in
the
pains
of
death
he
might
with
all
his
soul
breath
after
God
,
and
might
before
hand
have
some
tast
of
the
glory
of
heaven
.
This
Prayer
being
ended
,
His
death
.
his
strength
and
voice
failed
him
,
and
so
about
Sun-setting
he
quietly
slept
in
the
Lord
,
Anno
Chri
1649.
and
of
his
Age
49.
Genevae
rogatu
regis
Sueciae
,
His
works
.
lingua
Gallica
conscripsit
Militem
Suecicum
:
Huic
comitem
addidit
Mercurium
Helveticum
:
Commentarium
vitae
&
Mortis
Christopheri
à
Dhona
.
Leydae
rogatu
Reginae
Bohemiae
edidt
Memorias
Ludovice
Juleanae
Electricis
Palatinae
.
Conciones
tres
▪
Thronum
Gratiae
,
Thronum
Jud●cii
,
Thronum
Gloriae
.
Latinae
scripsit
Genevae
,
Genevam
Restitutam
.
Prim●m
,
Secundam
,
&
Tertiam
Dubiorum
Evangelicorum
partem
.
Chamierum
item
contractum
.
Leydae
,
Exercitationes
de
Gratia
universali
.
Epistolam
ad
Buchananum
de
controversiis
Anglicanis
:
Item
Epistolam
ad
Cottierium
de
conciliatione
Gratiae
Vniversalis
.
Besides
divers
others
which
he
began
,
but
could
not
finish
,
being
prevented
by
multitude
of
businesses
,
and
death
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
FINIS
.
A
Table
of
all
the
Principal
things
contained
in
this
BOOK
.
A
-
ABstinence
,
pag.
169.
-
Afflictions
,
p.
189.
275.
291.
301.
569.
573.
703.
742.
754.
805.
848.
905.
-
Afflictions
sanctified
,
p.
867.
-
Anabaptists
,
p.
237.
238.
265.
297.
311.
-
Anabaptists
confuted
,
p.
535.
-
Anabaptists
wickedness
,
p.
603.
605.
622.
686.
734.
859.
-
Anger
,
the
evils
of
it
,
p.
115.
186.
prevented
,
117.
-
Antinomians
,
p.
246.
-
Apologies
for
the
Christians
,
p.
17.
18.
26.
51.
-
Apostacy
,
p.
496.
878.
905.
See
Falls
of
the
Saints
.
-
Appeals
,
p.
93.
-
Arminians
,
See
p.
954
,
&c.
-
Astrologers
confuted
,
p.
639.
-
Atheism
,
p.
855
B
-
Backsliding
repented
of
,
p.
223.
-
Bible
translated
,
p.
236.
290.
306.
326.
751.
860.
92●
.
977.
-
Blasphemy
,
p.
576.
720.
952.
C
-
A
Cain
,
p.
317.
-
Censures
rash
,
p.
556.
-
Charity
to
souls
,
p.
179.
180.
216.
251.
286.
291.
760.
-
Charity
,
p.
47.
48.
52.
94.
96.
97.
100.
118.
121.
143.
158.
163.
164.
165.
176.
179.
182.
191.
197.
494.
499.
504.
509.
513.
515.
520.
525.
540.
608.
699.
708.
730.
743.
757.
760.
794.
795.
819.
830.
840.
864.
881.
910.
926.
932.
951.
993.
-
Chastity
,
p.
34.
48.
95.
97.
133.
-
Childrens
education
,
p.
251.
See
Family
Government
.
-
Christ
preferred
before
all
,
p.
603.
752.
809.
827.
867.
-
Christians
are
Pilgrims
,
p.
161.
-
Comfort
in
afflictions
p.
489.
495.
509.
520.
521.
528.
531.
534.
-
Confession
of
Augsburg
.
p.
241.
-
Conscience
,
p.
3.
118.
200.
495.
501.
508.
522.
549.
-
Conscience
guilty
,
p.
36.
184.
284.
530.
550.
-
Contentation
,
p.
57.
188.
571.
670.
773.
837.
-
Conversion
,
with
the
means
of
it
,
p.
11.
15.
17.
28.
46.
109.
167.
225.
275.
283.
292.
293.
311.
321.
328.
333.
335.
485.
487.
497.
520.
525.
554.
555.
573.
575.
582.
597.
601.
616.
679.
685.
710.
733.
805.
808.
902.
925.
-
Covetousness
,
p.
177.
197.
310.
-
Councils
,
p.
59.
81.
139.
142.
153.
162.
246.
-
Courage
and
Constancy
of
the
Saints
,
p.
2.
6.
7.
8.
12.
17.
24.
32.
47.
52.
101.
102.
113.
144.
213.
223.
230.
234.
235.
240.
250.
277.
285.
287.
322.
326.
485.
488.
489.
493.
499.
501.
505.
506.
508.
509.
521.
527.
558.
590.
607.
646.
687.
706.
717.
-
Cruelty
of
Persecutors
,
p.
7.
12.
36.
D
-
Death
,
p.
161.
202.
-
Death
desired
,
p.
102.
570.
701.
743.
802.
827.
830.
883.
900.
906.
917.
-
Death
prepared
for
,
p.
273.
533.
608.
700.
724.
765.
774.
784.
787.
798.
802.
838.
884.
906.
912.
926.
-
Death
not
feared
,
p.
508.
514.
-
Comfort
at
Death
,
p.
496.
746.
811.
-
Diligence
,
p.
148.
See
Industry
.
Dissention
amongst
Ministers
,
p.
56.
-
Divisions
dangerous
,
p.
686.
965.
-
Dreams
remarkable
,
p.
262.
513.
566.
-
Drunkenness
,
p.
164.
punished
by
God
,
p.
781.
E
-
Eloquence
,
p.
108.
930.
-
Envie
dangerous
,
p.
28.
35.
126.
174.
950.
-
Excommunications
.
Of
Origen
,
p.
36.
of
Theodosius
,
116.
of
Nestorius
,
162.
of
Nuts
,
212.
of
Popes
Bull.
233
F
-
Family
Government
,
p.
499.
519.
699.
910.
931.
995.
-
Faith
,
p.
145.
160.
164.
197.
237.
240.
249.
286.
320.
332.
502.
522.
724.
743.
848.
996.
-
Falls
of
Gods
Saints
,
p.
36.
208.
222.
283.
550.
696.
-
Fidelity
,
p.
47.
511.
818.
846.
993
-
Flight
in
persecution
,
p.
6.
71.
79.
90.
497.
586.
607.
671.
682.
687.
696.
728.
757.
761.
792.
799.
839.
859.
-
Flight
refused
,
p.
6.
505.
513.
527.
549.
-
Forgiveness
,
p.
29.
-
Fortitude
,
p.
132.
See
Magnanimity
.
-
Friendship
,
p.
270.
302.
311.
584.
607.
674.
869.
881.
883.
898.
-
Frugality
.
p.
587.
G
-
Gluttony
,
p.
164.
-
Gospels
swift
progress
,
p.
311.
-
Grace
,
p.
4.
-
Gratitude
,
p.
814.
H
-
Hatred
cured
,
p.
111.
-
Heart
tender
,
p.
513.
759.
-
Heavens
glory
,
p.
172.
-
Hereticks
punished
with
death
,
p.
645.
654.
967
,
&c.
-
Hereticks
plagued
by
God
,
p.
5.
67.
163.
622.
632.
650.
956.
-
Hereticks
seditious
,
p.
66.
70.
-
Hereticks
profane
,
p.
23.
Malici●us
,
p.
114.
170.
-
Hereticks
nominated
,
p.
27.
-
Hereticks
reformed
,
p.
35.
43.
44.
147.
149.
153.
173.
260.
605.
626.
881.
-
Hereticks
Persecut●rs
,
p.
59.
60.
79.
84.
102.
126.
169.
961.
-
Hereticks
subtile
and
false
,
p.
60.
62.
68.
69.
71.
81.
109.
129.
137.
153.
173.
955.
956.
cruel
,
71.
91.
109.
170.
See
Inconstant
.
-
Heresie
infectious
,
p.
96.
131.
133.
741.
964.
-
Hospitality
,
p.
761.
911.
981.
-
Humility
,
p.
3.
28.
47.
96.
97.
116.
147.
156.
157.
173.
144.
175.
178.
181.
186.
197.
200.
515.
540.
558.
564.
569.
605.
745.
761.
773.
793.
820.
826.
888.
890.
906.
926.
932.
981.
I
-
Jews
plagued
by
God
,
p.
94.
-
Ignorance
,
p.
138.
225.
493.
532.
-
Impatience
,
p.
169.
-
Inconstancy
of
Heritecks
,
p.
23.
-
Independents
confuted
,
p.
810.
-
Industry
,
p.
172.
179.
193.
198.
272.
331.
334.
483.
527.
539.
553.
563.
569.
580.
606.
607.
613.
617.
628.
654.
659.
669.
699.
704.
709.
727.
750.
770.
776.
794.
796.
815.
830.
838.
847.
852.
857.
890.
898.
900.
924.
930.
947.
998.
-
Ingratitude
,
p.
161.
739.
763.
764.
959.
972.
-
Injustice
,
p.
18.
705.
-
Interim
made
,
330.
the
mischief
of
it
,
p.
330.
738.
801.
-
Joy
unspeakable
,
p.
273.
283
784.
904.
927.
-
Judasses
,
p.
291.
548.
-
Justice
,
p.
911.
L
-
Love
,
p.
102.
145.
-
Love
to
Christ
,
p.
132.
-
Luthers
pa●●onatness
,
p.
245.
265.
300.
574.
●37
-
Lying
abhorred
,
p.
144.
19
7
M
-
Magnanimity
,
p.
47.
144.
See
Fortitude
.
-
Malice
of
the
Churches
enemies
,
p.
8.
9.
33.
914.
916.
-
Malice
of
Sathan
,
p.
12.
22.
-
Martyrdom
desired
,
p.
32.
108.
-
Martyrs
encouraged
,
p.
33.
-
Meditation
,
p.
145.
199.
-
Meekness
,
p.
140.
171.
175.
501.
982.
-
Ministers
loved
,
p
:
145.
298.
787.
969.
See
Pastors
.
-
Ministers
Ordination
,
p.
21.
26.
29.
35.
135.
148.
172.
186.
193.
226.
321.
483.
492.
553.
556.
601.
704.
851.
907.
948.
-
Ministry
successful
,
p.
11.
34.
43.
137.
155.
173.
196.
253.
492.
556.
584.
605.
674.
711.
734.
826.
903.
904.
925.
931.
-
Ministers
faithful
,
p.
51.
100.
109.
135.
144.
147.
164.
176.
198.
200.
212.
258.
272.
319.
492.
499.
504.
519.
526.
527.
557.
560.
584.
600.
640.
685.
692.
700.
721.
735.
773.
798.
9●●0
.
926.
930.
950.
957.
996.
-
Miracles
,
p.
9.
12.
102.
252.
795.
-
How
long
they
continued
,
p.
23.
-
Moderation
,
p.
173.
-
Modesty
,
p.
47.
108.
163.
191.
959.
981.
-
Money
despised
,
p.
241.
N
-
Nichodemites
confuted
,
p.
635.
O
-
Oaths
,
p.
158.
-
Origens
fall
and
lamentation
,
p.
36
,
&c.
-
Origen
the
first
that
even
Commented
on
the
Scriptures
,
p.
43.
P
-
Parents
duty
,
p.
3.
Honoured
,
p.
826.
-
Pastors
faithful
,
p.
3.
See
Ministers
.
-
Patience
of
the
Saints
in
afflictions
,
p.
2.
4.
94.
96.
156.
197.
216.
280.
286.
489
495
500.
504.
551.
565.
660.
690.
743.
754.
834.
839.
899.
902.
927.
933.
-
Peace
sought
,
p.
22.
136.
165.
242.
329.
697.
734.
911.
917.
931.
960.
972.
983.
994.
-
Perjury
plagued
by
God
,
p.
67.
-
Persecutors
welcomed
,
p.
6.
-
Persecutions
great
,
24.
44.
57.
936.
-
Persecution
encreaseth
Religion
,
p.
27.
639.
-
Persecution
advantagious
,
p.
54.
-
Persecutors
plagued
by
God
,
p.
143.
213.
217.
299.
317.
577.
626.
649.
658.
708.
720.
-
Perseverance
,
p.
97.
273.
-
Plato
praises
God
for
three
things
,
p.
836.
-
Pleasures
dangerous
,
p.
186.
-
Popish
lyes
and
slanders
,
p.
202.
248.
273.
620.
638.
652.
659.
809.
883.
951.
-
Popish
malice
,
p.
203.
207.
222.
265.
271.
275.
276.
281.
288.
291.
326.
332.
423.
500.
505.
526.
541.
574.
577.
589.
602.
606.
672.
673.
687.
753.
843.
859.
869.
-
Popish
crueltie
,
p.
213.
214.
216.
217.
222.
296.
489.
495.
509.
531.
584.
634.
728.
-
Popish
treachery
,
p.
315.
-
Popish
prophaness
,
p.
226.
532.
631.
712.
-
Popish
subtilty
,
p.
549.
585.
874.
-
Popish
blasphemy
,
p.
227.
258.
289.
309.
-
Popish
uncleanness
,
p.
718.
-
Poverty
of
godly
men
&
Ministers
,
p.
160.
273.
324.
549.
571.
602.
670.
747.
791.
828.
856.
886.
914.
924.
-
Prayer
frequent
,
p.
28.
164.
491.
528.
559.
926.
932.
-
Prayer
prevalent
,
p.
160.
176.
181
245.
246.
247.
253.
313.
528.
564.
742.
759.
794.
853.
882.
-
Prayers
at
death
,
p.
9.
10.
13.
216.
249.
502.
522.
568.
-
Preaching
difficult
,
p.
108.
-
Predictions
,
Prophesies
,
p.
59.
111
140.
174.
217.
225.
255.
273.
278.
282.
499.
506.
523.
527.
528.
564.
697.
717.
721.
722.
793.
794.
862.
-
Pride
,
p.
166.
184.
-
Prodigies
,
p.
112.
180.
208.
215.
320.
566.
658.
831.
-
Prophaness
punished
,
p.
118.
-
Providences
special
and
extraordinary
,
p.
12.
32.
33.
36.
57.
64.
71.
83.
88.
100.
113.
118.
152.
156.
206.
207.
225.
253.
280.
289.
485.
490.
526.
529.
548.
570.
599.
611.
618.
673.
688.
703.
706.
707
▪
720.
731.
781.
791.
797.
811.
843.
846.
856.
858.
867.
888.
925.
944.
979.
990.
-
Prudence
,
p.
61.
76.
82
122.
138.
157.
167.
168.
202.
288.
290.
484.
537.
539.
543.
581.
593.
621.
685.
834.
868.
932.
963.
970.
973.
984.
990.
992.
995.
R
-
Repentance
,
p.
20.
200.
284.
856.
-
Repentance
not
to
be
delayed
,
p.
118.
-
Riches
dangerous
,
p.
138.
145.
S
-
Sacriledge
abhorred
,
p.
635.
801.
-
Sathans
malice
,
p.
526.
557.
593.
604.
625.
631.
674.
679.
710.
782
-
Schismati●ks
what
like
,
p.
24.
Malicious
,
p.
151.
152.
-
Scoffers
punished
by
God
,
P.
721.
-
Scriptures
studied
,
p.
28.
165.
186.
193.
225.
258.
940.
-
Self-denial
,
p.
607.
628.
833.
972.
-
Sin
the
fore-runner
of
Persecution
,
p.
48.
49.
516.
-
Sin
hateful
,
p.
189.
198.
-
Speeches
excellent
,
p.
7.
12.
30.
101.
161.
166.
167.
239.
251.
285.
286.
489.
495.
503.
624.
745.
746.
828.
900.
907.
-
A
new
Star
,
p.
743.
-
Studiousness
,
p.
42.
48.
127.
177.
199.
226.
295.
513.
540.
600.
695.
832.
-
Sufferings
of
the
Saints
,
p.
2.
Rejoyced
in
,
p.
171.
-
Synods
,
p.
55.
149.
484.
622.
810.
826.
879.
880.
the
necessity
of
them
,
p.
735.
965.
T
-
Temperance
,
p.
815.
-
Tentations
,
p.
70.
145.
163.
239.
252.
308.
486.
522.
527.
550.
724.
747.
924.
-
Tentations
resisted
,
169.
314.
315.
501.
514.
602.
855.
858.
866.
867.
903.
904.
-
Thieves
converted
,
p.
763.
801.
851.
852.
-
Time
to
be
well
imployed
,
p.
200
-
Treachery
,
p.
544.
619.
716.
V
-
Vanity
of
all
earthly
things
,
p.
24.
550.
-
Visions
,
p.
6.
50.
-
Uncleanness
prevented
,
p.
192.
-
Usury
,
p.
120.
W
-
Witchcraft
frustrated
,
p.
236.
-
Word
of
God
how
to
be
heard
,
p.
195.
Z
-
Zeal
blind
,
p.
285.
524.
-
Zeal
true
,
p.
2.
12.
17.
20.
32.
101.
119.
137.
144
147.
191.
193.
202.
207.
218.
258.
281.
287.
289.
311.
312.
328.
487.
492.
495.
505.
532.
576.
604.
606.
607.
673.
685.
702.
704.
710
714.
740.
765.
783.
904.
981.
-
Zeal
against
Hereticks
,
5.
10.
〈◊〉
21.
22.
26.
30.
33.
59.
97.
99
106.
109.
121.
131.
144.
149
155.
708.
777.
806.
893.
994.
FINIS
▪
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