THE
HISTORY
Of
his
Highness
OLIVER
,
The
late
Lord-Protector
,
From
his
Cradle
to
his
Tomb.
The
Introduction
.
IF
those
Writers
who
pen
the
Histories
of
great
Men
,
had
the
same
advantage
as
Painters
have
,
who
oblige
those
whom
they
are
to
Portraict
,
to
seat
themselves
in
such
a
posture
,
as
they
may
best
consider
and
judge
of
them
,
who
do
choose
their
Lights
,
and
thereby
discover
most
apparently
the
most
delicate
and
neatest
feature
of
the
Faces
,
which
they
are
to
represent
;
I
might
hope
to
give
unto
the
publick
and
to
Posterity
a
perfect
Resemblance
of
his
late
Highness
the
Lord
Protector
of
England
,
although
I
should
meet
with
a
great
deal
of
difficulty
in
the
well
applying
of
the
Colours
,
and
to
make
choice
of
such
exquisire
Ones
to
trace
the
Footsteps
of
so
glorious
a
Life
.
True
it
is
,
that
the
Soul
is
not
visible
,
as
Mens
Bodies
are
;
for
as
it
hath
its
Origine
from
Heaven
,
we
must
of
necessity
ascend
up
thither
,
and
enter
into
the
Councels
of
the
Almighty
,
to
observe
those
Lights
and
Inspirations
which
he
gives
unto
those
persons
whom
his
Divine
Providence
doth
make
choice
of
to
command
here
on
Earth
,
and
those
designs
which
he
doth
frame
in
these
great
Souls
,
for
the
encrease
of
his
Glory
,
and
for
our
Peace
and
Tranquillity
.
So
that
our
Ignorance
doth
oblige
us
herein
to
immitare
the
modesty
and
good
behaviour
of
Painters
,
who
instead
of
a
beautifull
nakedness
,
render
it
to
our
view
wrapt
up
in
fine
Linnen
,
and
not
discovering
unto
us
the
Brain
,
whence
the
severall
motions
of
the
Body
do
proceed
,
they
only
set
before
our
eyes
a
dumb
Image
without
Motion
,
and
some
few
Physionomical
Marks
,
which
do
help
us
to
guess
who
the
party
is
they
intend
to
represent
unto
us
.
My
intent
is
,
to
give
you
a
rough
Draught
of
this
most
excellent
Personage
,
whose
Actions
are
so
glorious
and
surpassingly
winning
in
themselves
,
as
that
we
shall
only
need
to
enter
upon
a
Relation
of
them
,
and
so
insensibly
compleat
a
Naturall
Panegyrick
,
much
like
unto
those
exquisite
Beauties
,
the
advantages
whereof
we
so
much
the
more
lessen
,
and
detract
from
,
by
how
much
the
more
we
go
about
to
embellish
them
with
Ornaments
and
Cloathing
;
so
that
the
Resplendency
of
my
Subject
it self
will
spare
me
the
labour
of
making
a
long
Introduction
,
and
the
vastness
of
its
Renown
saves
me
the
care
I
ought
to
have
taken
in
duly
preparing
the
Readers
Mind
to
conceive
worthily
of
this
my
HEROE
,
and
to
have
begot
in
them
a
Love
and
Esteem
of
his
Person
.
His
late
Highness
was
born
in
the
Town
of
Huntington
,
the
chief
of
the
Shire
,
which
beareth
the
same
Name
,
of
a
Noble
Parentage
,
being
descended
from
the
Ancient
and
Illustrious
Family
of
the
Williams's
,
of
the
County
of
Glamorgan
,
which
Name
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
was
changed
into
that
of
Cromwell
,
as
will
appear
by
the
ensuing
History
.
His
Fortune
and
Rise
did
commence
by
those
very
means
which
by
degrees
elevated
him
to
the
Supream
pitch
of
Grandeur
;
The
conjuncture
of
Affairs
brought
him
on
the
Stage
,
his
Valour
raised
him
up
,
and
the
Politick
part
taking
the
upper
hand
as
belonging
to
Her
by
Birth-right
,
Crowned
him
with
all
those
Blisses
which
both
the
former
and
latter
could
justly
discern
.
Wherefore
the
Disorders
of
England
and
Scotland
being
not
possible
to
be
appeased
without
the
intervening
of
a
Parliament
,
there
was
one
summoned
in
the
year
1641.
in
which
the
late
Protector
assisted
in
the
quality
of
a
Burgess
,
for
the
Town
of
Cambridge
,
one
of
the
most
famous
Universities
of
England
,
who
could
not
fail
in
making
so
good
a
Choice
,
and
so
worthy
of
such
Eminent
persons
as
themselves
,
verst
in
all
Sciences
and
Profound
Knowledge
.
Things
growing
past
an
amicable
reconciliation
between
the
King
and
the
Parliament
,
after
severall
and
infinite
Treaties
and
Proposalls
;
the
last
Reason
both
of
the
one
and
the
other
terminated
in
the
loud
Volleys
of
Canons
,
each
Partie
took
the
Field
,
Thomas
Comes
who
was
newly
made
Sheriff
of
Hertford
Shire
,
had
received
Orders
from
the
King
,
to
publish
a
Proclamation
,
by
which
the
County
of
Kent
,
and
all
its
Adherents
were
proclaimed
Traytors
.
His
late
Highness
.
surprised
him
in
the
very
Action
on
a
Market-day
,
in
the
Town
of
St.
Albons
,
and
having
seized
the
said
Knight
,
he
sent
him
up
to
the
Parliament
.
And
not
long
afterwards
he
very
oportunely
assembled
all
the
Forces
of
the
County
of
Cambridge
,
&
exhorted
the
Neighbouring
Counties
of
Suffolk
,
Norfolk
,
and
Essex
,
to
send
him
their
Aydes
to
oppose
the
Lord
Capell
,
who
was
to
have
been
seconded
by
Prince
Rupert
,
and
should
have
seized
Cambridge
,
and
thereby
have
impeded
the
association
of
the
united
Counties
about
London
,
which
were
the
only
Bulwark
and
Defence
of
that
great
City
,
wherein
the
Sinews
of
War
did
consist
,
and
by
whose
resolutions
and
proceedings
the
rest
of
the
Kingdome
was
then
governed
;
His
Highness
diligence
and
vigilancy
at
that
time
,
brake
the
Neck
of
that
Design
,
and
forced
the
Lord
Capell
,
and
Prince
Rupert
to
direct
their
Thoughts
another
way
.
In
the
beginning
of
the
Month
of
March
,
next
ensuing
,
his
late
Highness
having
compleated
a
Regiment
of
Horse
to
the
full
number
of
a
thousand
Men
,
marched
with
great
diligence
into
the
County
of
Suffolk
,
on
the
advice
which
he
had
received
of
a
great
Confederacy
which
was
there
hatching
between
the
Nobility
of
the
Kings
Party
who
were
assembled
in
a
considerable
Town
,
called
Lowerstost
;
whom
he
so
unsuspectedly
surprised
,
as
that
he
became
Master
of
the
place
without
the
fiering
of
one
Gun
;
He
took
Prisoners
Sir
Thomas
Barker
,
Sir
John
Pettas
his
Brother
,
Mr.
Knevet
,
Catlines
Hammond
,
Cory
Turrill
,
Preston
,
and
above
twenty
other
Persons
of
Note
.
He
likewise
there
took
severall
parcels
of
Armes
and
Ammunition
,
and
other
War-like
Equipages
,
sufficient
to
have
armed
a
considerable
Party
,
and
had
not
his
Highness
made
use
of
his
accustomed
Prudence
,
and
his
usuall
Activity
in
this
Conjuncture
,
he
had
met
with
a
great
deal
of
difficulty
on
this
account
,
and
the
whole
County
had
run
a
danger
to
have
been
lost
:
severall
persons
of
Quality
,
and
divers
Noble
men
hourly
flocking
to
that
Randezvous
;
This
Service
was
most
seasonably
rendred
to
the
Parliament
,
and
the
Kings
Party
both
in
Suffolk
and
Norfolk
,
were
thereby
totally
disheartned
and
di●…ncouraged
.
The
Spring
being
advanced
,
and
the
Season
permitting
the
framing
of
greater
Designs
,
and
taking
of
longer
Marches
,
his
Highness
having
well
setled
the
Peace
and
Tranquillity
of
the
associated
Counties
;
which
(
as
we
have
sayd
)
served
as
a
Bulwark
to
the
Parliament
,
his
Mind
and
his
Valour
requiring
a
space
of
Ground
as
vast
as
its
Activity
,
he
raised
a
Body
of
an
Army
and
that
a
very
considerable
one
,
being
composed
of
such
zealous
persons
as
had
already
been
charmed
with
his
Conduct
,
and
being
attracted
by
his
Reputation
,
did
voluntarily
come
in
unto
him
to
serve
with
,
and
under
him
in
the
Cause
of
Religion
;
He
thus
Marched
into
Lincolnshire
,
with
a
Resolution
to
assist
those
Forces
which
lay
about
Newark
,
one
of
the
strongest
places
which
held
out
as
then
for
the
King
,
into
which
the
greatest
part
of
the
Gentry
of
Lincolnshire
had
retired
themselves
,
and
where
there
was
a
good
Garison
commanded
by
Officers
,
who
had
served
their
Apprentiships
in
the
Military
Art
beyond
the
Seas
;
so
that
they
fetcht
in
vast
Contributions
out
of
the
Neighbouring
Counties
,
and
made
Inroads
to
the
very
Gates
of
Lincoln
:
And
his
Highness
being
now
at
the
Head
of
a
Regiment
of
Horse
,
in
his
passage
through
Huntingtonshire
,
was
willing
to
deliver
his
Native
Country
from
those
Disorders
which
two
contrary
Parties
do
usually
cause
and
commit
being
in
one
Shire
,
he
therefore
disarmed
all
those
who
were
not
affectioned
to
the
Parliament
,
by
which
means
he
so
enlarged
and
augmented
his
Troops
that
he
had
gotten
two
thousand
Men
together
;
and
before
he
came
neer
Newark
,
he
received
another
re
inforcement
of
Horse
,
which
was
sent
him
by
Captain
Hotham
,
as
also
some
other
Troops
which
were
sent
him
from
Lincoln
:
insomuch
that
he
thus
framed
a
sufficient
considerable
Body
of
an
Army
for
that
time
:
After
which
,
having
blocked
up
the
place
,
he
received
those
Sallies
which
were
made
by
the
Besieged
,
with
so
much
Courage
and
Vigilancy
,
as
that
he
alwaies
came
off
with
advantage
,
sometimes
forcing
the
Enemies
into
their
very
Works
,
and
sometimes
cutting
them
in
pieces
,
insomuch
that
he
never
returned
unto
the
Camp
but
he
was
laden
either
with
Prisoners
,
Spoyles
or
Colours
,
and
that
he
might
neglect
no
occasion
for
to
give
a
testimony
of
his
Prudence
and
Activity
,
he
also
scouted
abroad
into
the
Country
with
his
Horse
,
and
neer
unto
Grantham
he
defeated
a
strong
Party
which
came
forth
of
Newark
,
with
a
handful
of
Men
,
onely
since
which
,
the
World
did
take
notice
that
there
was
somewhat
more
then
ordinary
in
the
person
of
his
late
Highness
:
And
not
long
after
he
also
defeated
part
of
the
Lord
of
Newcastles
Army
,
which
came
to
relieve
Newark
,
setting
upon
them
in
their
Quarters
betwixt
Grantham
and
Newark
,
where
he
took
one
hundred
Horses
,
forty
Prisoners
,
and
killed
severall
on
the
place
.
And
should
I
particularlize
all
his
late
Highness's
memorable
Actions
,
during
these
English
Civill
Wars
,
I
must
of
necessity
compile
a
whole
Volume
thereof
,
since
nothing
worth
the
taking
notice
of
ever
hapned
in
which
he
was
not
a
Sharer
,
and
wherein
he
was
not
alwaies
one
of
the
foremost
:
wherfore
I
shall
only
insist
upon
two
chief
Actions
which
were
of
so
great
Importance
,
that
the
decision
of
the
whole
War
depended
thereon
,
and
wherin
the
Valour
of
his
late
Highness
may
justly
claim
the
greatest
,
if
not
the
sole
share
.
Two
of
the
Parliaments
Armies
,
the
one
commanded
by
the
Lord
Fairfax
,
and
the
other
by
the
Lord
Manchester
,
being
united
to
the
Scotch
Army
their
Confederates
,
Commanded
by
the
Earl
of
Livin
,
had
joyntly
besieged
the
City
of
York
,
the
Metropolis
of
that
County
,
and
whereof
the
Earl
of
Newcastle
was
Governour
for
the
King
,
who
over
and
above
his
Garison
which
was
very
strong
,
had
also
a
brave
and
gallant
Army
,
Prince
Rupert
was
sent
by
the
King
to
raise
that
Siege
,
with
such
considerable
Forces
,
as
being
joyned
to
those
of
the
Earl
of
Newcastle
,
did
well
nigh
equallize
the
Parliaments
in
number
.
The
three
Parliament
Generals
did
immediatly
raise
the
Siege
to
encounter
Prince
Rupert
,
and
the
Earl
of
Newcastle
,
drew
forth
also
his
Forces
out
of
the
Town
,
and
both
Armies
being
drawn
up
in
Battell-Array
upon
Marston
Moore
,
The
Victory
of
Preston
in
Lancashire
.
Nor
may
we
omit
to
reckon
amongst
the
rest
of
his
Heroick
Atchievements
,
the
Victory
which
he
obtained
by
Preston
in
Lancashire
,
over
Duke
Hamilton
,
and
Sir
Marmaduke
Langdale
,
whose
united
Forces
amounted
unto
25000
,
his
late
Higness
having
not
above
10000
at
most
,
notwithstanding
which
inequallity
of
Forces
he
gave
them
Battell
,
and
entirely
routed
that
puissant
Army
,
killing
3000
Scotch
upon
the
place
,
and
taking
9000
Prisoners
,
chasing
the
remaining
Forces
to
Warrington
about
20
Miles
from
the
place
where
the
Battell
was
fought
,
and
taking
Duke
Hamilton
Prisoner
,
at
a
place
called
Vttoxeter
,
whither
he
was
retired
with
3000
Horse
,
as
also
Sir
Marmaduke
Langdale
,
the
one
by
my
Lord
Grey
,
and
Colonel
White
,
and
the
other
by
Captain
Widmonpoole
,
so
that
but
few
Scotch
returned
to
their
own
Country
,
to
cary
back
the
News
of
so
prodigious
a
Defeat
.
NO
sooner
were
the
Civill
Wars
of
England
terminated
by
the
discomsiture
of
all
the
Kings
Armies
,
the
taking
of
his
own
Person
,
and
by
his
death
,
but
the
Parliament
by
a
solemn
Vote
and
Ordinance
,
changed
the
Monarchiall
Government
into
a
Common-wealth
.
London
Derry
excepted
,
the
first
whereof
was
immediatly
besieged
by
an
Army
of
22000
Men
,
Commanded
by
the
Marquis
of
Ormond
,
and
the
other
by
a
considerable
Party
,
the
Natives
of
the
Country
.
The
Royallists
were
as
yet
in
possession
of
the
Isles
of
Jersey
and
Man
,
which
places
although
they
were
adjacent
unto
England
,
yet
they
only
stood
them
in
stead
for
a
retreat
to
some
Ships
,
which
robbed
up
and
down
the
Seas
in
those
Parts
:
Nor
were
the
Irish
Businesses
there
arrived
at
the
height
of
perfection
,
whereas
they
began
to
decline
:
Michael
Jones
,
and
so
well
encouraged
and
led
on
by
his
Prudence
and
Valour
together
)
as
that
they
forced
the
Marquis
to
quit
the
Siege
,
and
so
well
prosecuted
the
point
of
their
Victory
,
as
that
they
cut
all
the
said
Marquises
Troops
in
pieces
,
who
with
much
ado
saved
himself
;
there
were
slain
in
the
Combat
and
pursuit
about
2000
Men
,
as
many
were
taken
Prisoners
,
and
all
the
Ammunition
of
War
,
with
the
Baggage
and
Ordnance
were
likewise
left
behind
as
a
Prey
to
the
Besieged
.
And
the
better
to
advance
this
generall
Defeat
,
and
to
cause
these
puissant
Confederates
the
sooner
to
run
into
their
Ruine
,
who
a
little
before
promised
themselves
no
less
then
the
Conquest
of
the
three
Kingdomes
;
Oliver
Cromwell
being
by
the
Common-wealth
nominated
Governour
of
Ireland
,
took
footing
at
Dublin
with
an
Army
furnished
with
all
Necessaries
requisite
toward
the
Crowning
of
an
Undertaking
,
which
already
had
so
happy
and
successfull
a
beginning
.
But
General
Cromwell
having
in
vain
sought
for
the
Enemies
,
who
by
these
addition
all
Forces
were
forced
to
take
Sanctuary
in
the
best
places
and
Fortresses
of
the
Country
,
at
length
besieged
Drogedah
,
Finally
,
after
a
sharp
and
bloody
contest
hand
to
hand
,
most
obstinately
maintained
on
all
sides
,
the
English
forced
their
entrance
,
and
the
General
went
into
the
place
pell
mell
with
his
Souldiers
,
at
which
time
the
ardour
and
heat
of
the
victory
did
appear
to
correspond
with
his
prudence
,
for
though
his
generosity
did
oblige
him
to
give
quarter
to
those
who
had
so
well
defended
themselves
,
notwithstanding
,
deeming
it
fitting
to
make
that
place
an
example
of
terror
unto
the
rest
of
the
Towns
which
were
garrisoned
,
and
which
might
cost
him
too
dear
should
they
stand
out
as
sturdily
and
obstinately
as
these
did
,
he
caused
all
those
to
be
put
to
the
sword
who
were
found
to
be
in
Arms
,
&
thus
he
sacrificed
3000
Irish
unto
the
Ghosts
of
10000
English
whom
they
had
massacred
some
years
before
.
The
taking
of
this
place
was
followed
by
the
surrender
of
several
others
,
fear
causing
the
weakest
to
yield
,
but
those
which
were
able
to
defend
themselves
were
sold
at
dear
rates
.
Trin
,
Dundalke
,
Nury
,
Wexford
,
R●ne
,
Bandonbridge
and
Kingsale
were
subdued
,
this
last
being
a
very
considerable
passage
,
so
likewise
were
several
other
places
taken
by
the
respective
Commanders
of
the
Common-wealth
,
at
the
self
same
time
in
the
other
parts
of
Ireland
,
and
several
parties
of
the
Enemies
field-Forces
were
likewise
defeated
by
Sir
Charles
Coot
,
Collonel
Venables
and
Jones
,
and
the
Lord
Broghill
,
each
of
them
signalizing
themselves
according
to
their
accustomed
valours
,
and
the
Lord
Broghill
having
since
made
it
appear
in
the
managing
of
States
affairs
that
he
is
as
great
a
Politician
as
a
Souldier
.
One
would
have
imagined
that
the
impetrous
course
of
these
victories
should
absolutely
have
quelled
and
abated
the
courage
of
the
Irish
,
or
that
force
and
might
would
soon
have
reduced
them
to
terms
of
reason
,
but
they
held
out
for
a
long
time
together
in
unaccessable
places
,
in
Woods
and
Bogges
,
over
which
none
but
the
Natives
both
Horse
and
Men
can
passe
without
perishing
,
which
doth
manifest
unto
us
,
that
the
Conquest
of
that
Island
is
not
so
easie
at
present
,
as
it
was
formerly
when
Henry
the
second
of
England
reduced
it
in
one
Winter
,
which
,
as
certain
Writers
say
,
is
almost
incredible
.
That
so
populous
a
Nation
,
so
hardy
,
so
well
disciplined
,
so
active
and
dexterous
,
should
not
so
much
as
lift
up
a
hand
to
defend
themselves
:
But
as
the
same
writer
saith
,
it
is
apparent
that
they
were
not
accustomed
to
our
manner
or
wayes
of
warring
,
nor
to
defend
themselves
against
such
kinde
of
weapons
as
were
then
used
;
however
,
if
the
Conquest
was
easie
,
the
preservation
was
not
found
to
be
so
,
and
cost
farre
dearer
.
True
it
is
,
that
this
last
Conquest
of
that
Nation
was
not
so
suddenly
archieved
,
but
those
means
which
have
been
used
to
assure
and
preserve
it
,
will
give
occasion
unto
our
nephewes
,
—
that
this
present
age
hath
much
profited
by
the
faults
and
omissions
of
our
Ancestors
.
Moreover
,
that
fire
which
the
Civil
Warres
had
kindled
:
in
the
Britannick
Islands
,
was
so
violent
,
as
that
all
the
Sea
which
separates
the
Old
World
from
the
New
,
was
not
capable
to
hinder
the
Communication
thereof
even
to
their
Colonies
in
America
,
for
Virginia
and
the
Carybde
Islands
refused
to
acknowledge
the
power
of
the
Common-wealth
,
all
those
who
inclined
thereunto
were
either
banished
or
executed
,
and
despoyled
of
their
goods
,
and
however
those
Collonies
could
not
subsist
but
by
the
Commerce
of
England
,
and
that
this
Revolt
did
bring
along
with
it
their
ruine
,
yet
their
obstinacy
was
such
,
as
that
they
would
neither
yield
to
their
own
Interest
nor
Reason
.
Till
at
length
the
Common-wealth
sent
a
Fleet
thither
,
under
the
Command
of
Sir
George
Askue
,
who
delivered
them
out
of
their
miseries
,
by
ranging
them
under
the
obedience
of
the
Parliament
.
Meanwhile
the
Royallists
Forces
were
very
considerable
at
Sea
,
for
Prince
Rupert
had
a
Fleet
of
nine
great
Ships
which
served
to
shelter
several
other
small
ones
,
whereby
the
trade
of
England
was
much
impeded
and
incommodated
,
which
obliged
the
Parliament
to
put
forth
a
most
puissant
Naval
Army
to
Sea
,
fitted
with
good
Mariners
,
and
all
kinde
of
necessary
war-like
Ammunitions
.
The
sole
brute
of
this
Fleet
made
all
the
Enemies
Ships
to
run
into
their
several
skulking
holes
like
unto
so
many
Conies
,
and
Prince
Rupert
being
not
strong
enough
to
encounter
them
,
was
forced
to
retire
into
Kingsale
Haven
in
Ireland
,
where
he
was
immediately
blocked
up
by
the
Parliaments
Fleet
,
whilest
General
Cromwell
besieged
both
the
Port
and
Town
by
land
,
and
Prince
Rupert
being
forced
to
make
a
vertue
of
necessity
,
resolved
to
bear
the
brunt
of
all
the
English
Fleet
,
and
so
saved
himself
,
leaving
behinde
him
three
Ships
,
which
by
that
occasion
were
taken
,
and
finally
after
several
turnings
and
turmoilings
,
be
cast
anchor
at
Lisbone
,
where
he
was
protected
by
the
King
of
Portugal
,
which
caused
the
rupture
betwixt
this
Common-wealth
and
that
Crown
,
and
all
those
mischiefs
which
ensued
,
as
we
hereafter
shall
rehearse
.
Meanwhile
the
Royallists
in
Scotland
seeing
the
Parliament
was
busied
in
Ireland
,
thought
to
lay
hold
on
a
fit
opportunity
to
play
their
game
,
and
to
that
purpose
the
Earle
of
Montrosse
having
landed
in
the
North
of
Scotland
,
with
some
Forces
he
had
raised
in
Holland
and
other
parts
,
assembled
the
old
Souldiers
who
had
formerly
served
under
him
,
and
armed
them
with
such
Arms
as
he
had
brought
from
Holland
,
but
before
he
could
make
a
considerable
body
,
he
was
defeated
by
the
Presbyter
Forces
,
taken
,
and
hanged
on
a
very
high
Gibbet
,
which
is
the
last
mark
of
infamy
in
that
Countrey
.
Within
a
while
after
,
there
was
a
Treaty
commenced
at
Breda
,
between
the
Scots
and
their
King
,
to
install
and
re-establish
him
in
that
Kingdome
,
and
in
the
others
,
according
as
Fortune
should
answer
their
designs
and
expectations
;
and
to
this
end
,
they
deputed
Ambassadors
into
Spain
,
Italy
,
Denmarke
,
Sweden
,
Russia
,
and
into
Turkey
,
and
finally
throughout
all
Europe
,
to
demand
relief
,
aid
and
assistance
:
But
all
their
Embassies
procured
neither
men
nor
money
,
only
their
Ambassadors
were
laden
with
Complements
and
good
wishes
in
return
,
each
others
particular
affairs
not
permitting
them
to
do
more
.
All
which
gave
unto
the
Common-wealth
of
England
,
not
any
great
fears
,
but
great
jealousies
,
wherefore
the
better
to
be
informed
of
the
passages
abroad
,
and
the
better
to
fortifie
themselves
by
foraign
Leagues
and
Alliances
,
M.
Dorislaus
a
person
full
of
knowledge
and
conduct
,
was
sent
in
the
quality
of
an
Agent
towards
the
States
of
the
United
Provinces
,
the
chief
drift
of
this
Negotiation
being
to
criment
a
good
and
firm
understanding
between
the
two
Common-wealths
:
But
scarce
was
he
arrived
at
the
Hague
,
when
five
or
six
disguised
persons
entred
forcibly
into
his
Chamber
and
massacred
him
.
And
whilest
it
seemed
all
things
were
a
profound
Calm
in
England
,
or
that
at
least
the
course
of
the
Enemies
designs
both
at
home
and
abroad
,
being
sufficiently
known
to
the
State
,
on
a
suddain
there
sprang
up
the
most
formidable
faction
that
ever
was
hatch'd
since
these
last
Warres
:
A
certain
number
of
persons
who
called
themselves
Levellers
,
whose
pretenses
were
to
render
all
mens
goods
and
possessions
alike
,
and
truely
this
was
a
very
plausible
design
,
and
might
doubtlesse
have
met
with
as
many
Abetters
as
there
are
men
in
the
world
,
who
have
no
other
possessions
or
Revenues
,
but
their
good
wills
to
obtaine
them
.
The
chief
of
these
Levellers
was
one
John
Lilborn
,
a
man
of
a
dating
and
attempting
spirit
,
who
could
not
remain
quiet
,
but
was
altogether
invincible
,
not
to
be
moved
by
threats
nor
gained
by
the
favour
or
presents
of
fortune
,
which
were
beneath
the
extent
of
his
ambition
,
and
a
considerable
part
of
the
Army
siding
with
their
Leader
,
they
augmented
in
numbers
as
fast
as
the
shortnesse
of
the
time
would
permit
,
the
confluence
of
such
men
as
flattered
themselves
with
such
fond
hopes
,
and
who
promised
themselves
a
revenge
,
and
and
establishment
by
a
second
Revolution
and
change
.
But
before
all
those
who
intended
to
have
sided
with
them
could
come
up
to
them
and
unite
in
one
body
,
they
were
vigorously
set
upon
by
the
Lord
Fairfax
,
at
that
time
the
Common-wealths
General
,
who
defeated
them
at
a
place
called
Burford
in
the
County
of
Oxford
,
where
their
Leader
and
the
best
part
of
his
Souldiers
were
taken
,
some
of
which
were
put
to
death
for
example
sake
,
and
some
others
were
banish'd
,
but
the
greatest
part
were
pardoned
,
and
admitted
into
favour
again
.
As
for
their
Leader
John
Lilborne
being
brought
up
to
London
,
he
appeared
before
the
chief
Officers
and
Judges
of
London
and
Westminster
,
the
Lord
Maior
,
Sheriffs
,
and
divers
others
,
where
he
was
not
only
accused
of
divers
Martial
Crimes
,
but
also
Politick
ones
,
as
having
been
the
Author
of
several
scandalous
and
defamatory
.
Libells
against
the
State
,
which
tended
to
render
the
Government
odious
,
and
to
beget
a
Mutiny
in
the
people
;
however
,
he
so
dexterously
shifted
himself
of
all
these
accusations
,
as
that
the
Judges
declared
him
Not
guilty
.
Much
about
that
very
time
Mr.
Anthony
Ascham
a
most
judicious
and
accomplished
Gentleman
,
was
Deputed
,
and
sent
over
in
the
quality
of
an
Agent
to
the
King
of
Spain
,
and
arrived
at
the
Port
of
Sancta
Maria
,
on
the
5.
of
June
,
1650.
where
being
advertised
but
his
person
was
in
danger
,
he
was
constrained
to
cause
himself
to
be
guarded
to
Madrid
,
where
the
next
day
after
his
arrival
,
as
he
was
at
Dinner
,
six
men
knocked
at
his
Chamber
doore
,
which
was
immediately
opened
unto
them
,
and
he
rising
from
the
Table
to
receive
them
,
the
first
of
the
said
parties
stabbed
him
in
the
head
with
a
Dagger
,
so
that
he
fell
down
dead
to
the
ground
,
and
his
Interpreter
Signior
Riba
being
not
able
to
make
his
escape
soon
enough
,
was
likewise
stabbed
in
the
belly
;
which
being
thus
done
,
the
Murderers
would
have
saved
themselves
in
the
Venetian
Ambassadors
house
,
who
refused
them
protection
,
whence
they
retired
themselves
into
a
Church
,
which
in
Spain
is
a
Sanctuary
which
the
Justice
ought
not
to
violate
,
whence
however
the
King
of
Spain
had
them
taken
,
and
put
into
prison
,
one
only
excepted
,
who
made
an
escape
.
Hence
there
arose
a
great
contest
betwixt
the
King
and
the
Clergy
,
who
complain'd
that
their
priviledges
had
been
infringed
,
and
demanded
that
the
Prisoners
might
be
returned
unto
them
:
and
on
the
other
side
,
the
Parliament
of
England
pressed
hard
to
have
justice
done
on
them
,
and
though
message
upon
message
,
instance
upon
instance
were
used
therein
,
yet
they
took
no
effect
.
And
lest
it
may
seem
that
all
these
foraign
Negotiations
which
we
have
here
inserted
,
may
be
beyond
my
subject
,
however
if
they
be
considered
as
so
many
obstacles
which
Fortune
opposed
unto
the
vertue
and
greatness
of
his
late
Highness
,
you
will
find
that
the
recitall
of
them
will
not
be
altogether
uselesse
,
the
rather
since
I
have
related
them
as
succinctly
as
possibly
:
Besides
,
we
may
also
look
upon
them
as
so
many
seeds
sowen
,
to
beget
those
warres
which
thereon
ensued
,
and
which
were
by
the
late
Protector
,
rather
by
most
glorious
Treaties
whereunto
he
was
sought
,
or
by
most
signal
Victories
which
were
obtain'd
,
and
brought
to
a
happy
period
,
by
which
the
blood
of
these
two
Agents
,
so
cruelly
murdered
,
were
retaliated
with
use
.
But
to
go
on
to
our
History
,
the
Treaty
of
Breda
being
absolutely
concluded
,
and
notwithstanding
the
great
Antipathy
and
animosity
between
the
Royallists
and
the
Presbyterians
,
all
their
jealousies
and
grudges
were
seemingly
reconcised
,
so
that
the
Scotch
wanted
nothing
to
compleat
their
design
,
but
to
enjoy
their
Kings
preserce
,
who
immediately
coming
to
the
Hague
,
went
thence
for
Schevelinge
,
and
embarqued
himself
for
Scotland
notwithstanding
the
dangers
and
perils
of
the
Sea
,
which
were
very
great
,
and
the
English
Ships
which
had
way-laid
him
to
surprize
him
.
As
soon
as
he
was
landed
in
Scotland
,
the
first
thing
they
propounded
unto
their
King
was
to
take
the
solemn
Oath
,
called
the
Covenant
,
that
burning
Torch
which
the
Mother
of
Paris
did
see
in
her
frenzies
,
that
fatal
fire
which
the
Scotch
believe
descended
from
Heaven
,
and
by
which
they
at
their
pleasures
kindle
those
warres
wherewith
they
infest
England
,
which
Covenant
as
we
know
was
only
a
superstitious
and
warlike
Prorestation
made
in
the
presence
of
God
and
Men
:
To
maintain
the
purity
of
the
Religion
,
to
preserve
the
priviledges
of
Parliament
,
and
the
people
,
and
to
re-establish
the
King
in
his
Ancestors
Throne
.
But
that
which
seemed
somewhat
harsh
and
rude
to
this
Prince
,
was
the
terms
wherein
they
caused
him
to
take
this
Oath
,
quite
contrary
to
Physitians
,
who
dip
their
Pills
in
Syrrops
or
Sugar
,
to
make
them
down
the
glibber
,
yet
these
Politicians
when
the
whole
lay
at
the
stake
,
it
seems
,
troubled
themselves
not
much
with
the
wording
of
the
thing
;
for
amongst
real
friends
indeed
,
there
needs
not
many
complements
nor
much
complacence
to
be
used
.
Therefore
the
Churches
of
Scotland
made
their
King
swallow
this
restorative
in
the
following
Beverage
,
constraining
him
to
protest
,
That
he
renounced
the
sinnes
of
his
Fathers
and
his
own
house
,
the
Idolatry
of
his
Mothers
,
and
that
he
would
adhere
unto
Gods
cause
in
conformity
to
the
Covenant
,
in
the
firm
establishment
of
the
Church
Government
,
as
it
was
expressed
in
the
Directory
,
for
that
publick
worship
which
is
to
be
rendred
to
God
,
contained
in
the
Belief
and
Catechism
:
And
this
Cup
he
was
forced
to
drink
,
that
he
might
obtain
his
Fathers
Kingdome
,
which
formalities
were
more
then
requisite
for
to
establish
that
Prince
in
the
opinion
of
the
prevailing
party
,
which
was
only
then
in
a
condition
to
help
him
.
Henry
Ireton
,
so
that
he
returned
thence
laden
with
Palms
and
Laurels
,
as
Trophies
of
his
worthy
Acts
in
those
parts
.
And
scarce
was
he
returned
home
,
but
he
was
enforced
to
march
towards
those
parts
,
whither
the
glory
of
Conquering
a
second
Kingdome
called
upon
him
.
Now
the
Scots
,
who
by
no
means
would
make
any
outward
shew
of
the
grand
designs
which
they
were
hatching
,
at
the
approach
of
the
English
Army
on
their
Frontiers
,
seemed
to
be
very
much
astonished
,
and
the
whole
Countrey
took
the
Allarum
,
moreover
,
the
better
to
colour
this
their
astonishment
and
seeming
surprizal
,
they
deputed
a
Messenger
to
Sir
Arthur
Haslerigge
,
as
then
Governour
of
Newcastle
,
upon
the
Borders
of
England
and
Scotland
,
to
know
the
reason
of
that
so
suddain
March
of
the
English
Army
towards
their
Frontiers
,
whereunto
they
joyned
several
Manifesto's
,
setting
forth
the
Contents
of
the
Leagues
and
ample
Treaties
of
union
between
the
two
Nations
,
and
several
other
particulars
,
which
served
only
to
gain
time
,
and
to
make
the
better
preparations
to
receive
their
Enemies
.
At
the
same
time
of
the
English
Armies
advance
towards
the
North
,
the
Parliament
set
forth
a
Manifest
accompanyed
by
another
from
the
General
,
and
chief
Officers
of
the
Army
,
whereby
both
the
one
and
the
others
declared
,
viz.
Eusebius
Andrewes
being
discovered
and
convinced
,
was
also
condemned
and
beheaded
on
Tower-hill
.
The
whole
Moneth
of
August
passed
almost
away
without
any
action
in
Scotland
,
towards
the
latter
end
whereof
,
Collington
and
Readhall
were
taken
by
attempt
,
where
the
Lord
Hamilton
and
Major
Hamilton
were
taken
,
with
60.
Souldiers
,
60.
Barrels
of
Powder
,
Armes
for
60
men
,
and
a
considerable
quantity
of
Victuals
,
and
other
good
Booty
,
all
which
hapned
on
the
24
of
August
.
After
which
the
whole
Body
of
the
English
Army
quitted
the
Mountains
of
Pencland
,
and
encamped
about
Collington
and
Readhall
,
and
the
parts
adjacent
within
one
Mile
of
the
Scotch
Army
;
on
the
seven
and
twentieth
both
Armies
marched
Flank
to
Flank
,
being
only
seperated
by
a
little
Quagmire
or
Marsh-ground
,
which
hindred
their
Conjuction
,
however
the
Canon
played
upon
each
other
,
and
on
the
28th
the
English
Canon
plyed
the
Scots
hard
,
and
endamaged
them
very
much
,
notwithstanding
they
neither
quitted
their
Ground
,
nor
would
they
come
to
a
Resolution
to
joyn
in
a
closer
Fight
.
And
the
English
having
consumed
all
their
Provisions
of
Victualls
,
retired
unto
their
former
Quarters
,
first
unto
Pencland
Hills
,
and
afterwards
unto
Mussleborough
whither
they
had
much
ado
to
reach
,
where
being
some
what
refreshed
,
they
dreyned
their
Garisons
,
assembled
also
their
Forces
,
and
took
their
March
toward
Hoddington
,
at
which
the
Scots
coasting
their
March
on
their
right
Wing
,
did
charge
them
with
a
Squadron
of
stout
Men
,
and
as
they
did
most
briskly
set
upon
the
English
,
so
they
were
in
like
manner
vigorously
repulst
by
a
Regiment
of
Foot
commanded
by
Colonel
Fairfax
:
On
the
first
day
of
September
both
Armies
found
themselves
only
seperated
by
the
Town
and
the
Scots
,
being
encamped
in
an
advantagious
place
,
on
the
West-side
of
the
Town
the
English
were
engaged
to
encamp
themselves
on
the
East-side
of
the
Town
,
in
an
open
Field
,
very
fit
to
give
Battel
in
,
without
that
either
Party
would
give
or
take
advantage
of
the
Ground
,
where
the
English
having
attended
the
Enemies
a
sufficient
space
of
time
,
and
perceiving
that
they
would
not
fight
but
upon
an
advantage
,
they
took
their
March
towards
Dunbar
,
whither
the
Scots
followed
them
immediatly
,
and
at
a
certain
passage
endeavoured
to
charge
their
Rearguard
;
But
the
English
immediatly
facing
about
,
the
Scots
changed
their
resolution
and
gained
the
Hills
,
where
they
thought
they
might
with
advantage
cut
off
the
English
their
passage
to
Coperspeth
:
at
which
time
the
English
Army
was
but
in
a
very
ill
Condition
,
the
Winter
wch
begins
betimes
in
those
parts
had
so
nipt
them
with
Colds
and
great
Rains
,
and
the
ill
Victuals
which
they
had
besides
,
caused
a
great
deal
of
sickness
in
the
Army
,
Fluxes
,
Loosness
,
and
other
Diseases
,
whereby
many
died
,
and
were
rendred
uncapable
of
Service
,
being
sent
and
carried
away
to
Barwick
,
and
the
adjoyning
parts
.
The
Scots
who
very
well
knew
the
sad
estate
of
the
English
Army
,
which
they
had
really
blocked
up
at
the
passage
of
Copperspeth
,
which
is
betwixt
Dunbar
and
Barwick
,
thereby
impeding
the
English's
Communication
with
that
place
,
and
by
hindring
them
from
those
Conveniencies
which
they
thence
received
,
intending
either
to
overcome
them
there
,
or
to
cause
them
to
perish
there
for
want
of
Necessaries
,
so
that
they
promised
themselves
an
unquestionable
Victory
without
much
loss
on
their
sides
,
wherby
they
presumed
to
brag
that
they
had
gotten
the
English
in
the
Earl
of
Essex's
Pensold
,
alluding
to
that
extremity
whereunto
the
Royallists
had
reduced
that
Earle
in
the
County
of
Cornwall
.
where
his
Army
surrendred
at
discretion
(
the
Horse
only
excepted
,
who
made
their
way
through
the
Enemy
in
the
Night-time
.
)
Nor
were
the
Scots
their
hopes
ill
grounded
,
considering
the
ill
plight
wherein
the
English
Army
was
at
that
time
,
and
the
inequality
of
their
Forces
,
the
Scots
being
at
the
least
20000
Men
,
and
the
English
not
above
12000
,
divers
of
which
were
likewise
sick
:
But
the
extremity
whereunto
the
English
were
reduced
,
made
them
pitch
upon
so
firm
a
resolution
,
either
to
overcome
,
or
to
die
in
the
Battel
,
as
that
the
Scots
were
totally
routed
and
defeated
,
by
those
very
reasons
,
and
that
very
confidence
which
had
made
them
as
it
were
sure
of
the
Victory
.
The
Lord
of
Hoastes
:
and
the
Scots
word
was
,
The
Covenant
,
which
did
very
well
represent
the
state
of
their
Affairs
,
and
the
subject
of
their
Quarrell
,
and
in
an
instant
both
the
English
Horse
and
Foot
,
with
a
gallant
resolution
,
fiercely
charged
the
right
Wing
of
the
Scots
,
where
the
Enemy
had
placed
all
their
Cavalry
,
on
purpose
to
hinder
the
English
in
their
passage
that
way
.
The
Scots
received
their
Charge
with
a
great
deal
of
constancy
and
resolution
,
and
it
may
justly
be
said
,
That
Alexander
did
not
meet
with
more
resistance
,
nor
glory
at
the
passage
of
Granicia
,
then
our
late
Protector
met
with
at
this
Encounter
;
especially
if
so
be
we
consider
,
how
that
the
said
Conquerour
of
Asia
had
to
do
with
an
effeminate
kind
of
People
,
bred
in
a
delicious
Country
,
accustomed
to
their
ease
and
pleasures
;
but
here
on
the
contrary
,
That
the
English
brought
up
in
a
fertile
abundant
Soil
,
and
under
a
middle
Climate
,
should
come
to
confront
a
War-like
Nation
in
a
harsh
,
barren
,
and
cold
Climat
.
The
General
's
own
Regiment
of
Foot
had
the
Vanguard
that
day
,
and
performed
the
parts
of
men
,
answering
most
gloriously
to
that
honour
which
belonged
to
them
:
Their
Colonel
and
General
together
animating
a●d
encouraging
them
by
his
own
example
,
witnessed
by
his
Actions
,
that
there
was
not
a
straws
breadth
that
day
betwixt
them
and
death
or
the
Victory
:
Major
General
Whaley
charged
the
Enemies
whole
Army
through
and
through
,
with
his
Regiment
;
bearing
down
all
those
who
durst
withstand
him
,
and
without
the
loss
of
many
men
;
having
wheeled
about
again
,
and
cleared
all
before
him
,
regained
his
former
station
himself
,
having
only
received
a
slight
Wound
in
the
Arm
,
and
had
a
Horse
killed
under
him
.
And
not
to
detain
the
Reader
in
any
further
suspence
,
all
the
Regiments
of
the
Army
performing
their
parts
,
like
resolute
gallant
men
,
(
For
should
a
man
go
about
to
praise
one
Squadron
or
Battallion
of
them
in
particular
,
he
must
of
necessity
derogate
from
the
rest
)
you
might
have
observed
as
many
Soldiers
as
Officers
,
&
as
many
Officers
as
Soldiers
,
who
being
all
of
them
animated
,
or
rather
inspired
by
a
supernaturall
instinct
of
Valour
,
a
man
would
have
thought
they
had
been
invulnerable
,
or
shot-free
,
and
that
a
Hand
from
on
high
did
defend
them
from
the
showers
of
Lead
and
Launces
,
which
were
ready
to
overwhelme
them
,
so
that
the
violence
and
force
wherewith
they
fought
,
did
only
permit
the
Scots
to
put
by
their
Blows
,
as
also
it
is
worthy
to
be
noted
that
in
all
this
Fight
the
English
lost
but
forty
men
,
whereas
of
the
Scots
there
were
foure
thousand
killed
upon
the
place
,
and
that
Army
which
was
stronger
then
the
English
by
two
thirds
,
thinking
to
have
overwhelmed
them
,
did
only
by
closing
in
upon
them
,
force
them
to
fight
with
the
greater
vigour
;
and
you
would
have
imagined
,
that
the
little
Army
of
the
English
consisted
only
of
one
Body
,
which
had
but
one
only
motion
,
and
charged
the
Enemy
on
all
sides
with
so
much
Impetuosity
and
Animosity
,
as
that
you
would
have
said
it
had
been
and
insensible
Mass
,
or
Lump
which
only
pressed
forwards
,
where
the
weight
of
Arms
,
or
the
force
of
Powder
did
transport
it
.
Finally
,
after
one
whole
hours
dispute
,
very
hot
Fight
,
and
violent
furious
Contests
,
the
Scots
gave
way
,
and
their
Horse
being
put
to
flight
,
endeavoured
to
save
themselves
by
the
goodness
of
their
heels
,
the
English
Cavalry
pursuing
them
to
Haddington
,
all
the
Scotch
Foot
remained
on
the
place
,
and
that
which
rendred
the
slaughter
of
them
the
greater
was
,
that
the
English
Soldiers
remembred
an
Action
which
hapned
the
day
before
,
in
which
thirty
Soldiers
of
Colonel
Prides
Regiment
being
commanded
to
possess
a
House
scituate
betwixt
both
Camps
,
and
not
being
seconded
,
were
over-powred
by
a
greater
number
of
the
Scots
,
and
so
forced
to
deliver
up
the
place
again
,
notwithstanding
which
,
after
they
had
promised
quarter
to
the
English
,
they
killed
three
of
them
,
and
hurt
all
the
rest
:
There
was
no
English
Soldiers
but
had
a
Prisoner
in
this
Battel
,
there
being
taken
ten
thousand
,
most
of
all
which
,
except
the
Officers
,
were
suffered
to
steal
away
,
amidst
which
there
was
ten
Colonels
,
twelve
Lievetenant
Colonels
,
nine
Majors
,
forty
seven
Captains
,
seventy
two
Livetenants
,
and
eighty
Ensigns
,
and
amongst
the
Prisoners
of
Quality
,
there
was
the
Lord
Libberton
,
and
his
Son
,
the
Lord
Cranstone
,
Sir
James
Lundsdale
,
Livetenant
Generall
of
the
Foot
,
and
Sir
Pickerten
Adjutant
General
,
all
their
Baggage
and
Canon
was
taken
,
to
the
number
of
two
and
twenty
great
Guns
,
and
severall
lesser
ones
,
two
hundred
Colours
,
and
Armes
for
15000
Men
;
of
the
English
there
was
but
one
Officer
killed
,
and
Major
Rooksby
,
who
afterwards
died
of
his
Wounds
,
as
also
Captain
Sloyd
of
the
Lord
Fleetwoods
Regiment
,
dangerously
wounded
.
His
late
Highness
obtained
this
memorable
Victory
on
the
third
day
of
September
,
1650
,
on
which
day
he
also
obtained
another
no
less
famous
then
this
:
And
on
this
very
day
God
crowned
his
Labours
with
a
peacefull
and
resolved
quiet
death
,
whereby
he
no
less
triumphed
over
the
World
,
and
the
rage
of
Hell
,
then
he
did
in
this
last
Battel
we
have
related
,
over
a
most
puissant
raging
Enemy
;
at
which
time
his
Army
,
as
a
man
may
say
(
brought
low
by
Want
,
and
Sicknesses
)
was
even
Bedrid
,
and
at
deaths
very
Door
.
And
as
the
Parliament
of
England
had
caused
a
day
of
universall
Prayers
and
Fastings
to
be
kept
for
the
good
success
of
their
Army
in
Scotland
,
so
likewise
did
they
order
a
day
of
generall
Thansgiving
for
this
so
notable
and
famous
Victory
:
and
the
General
likewise
on
his
part
did
not
faile
with
the
whole
Army
,
to
acknowledge
the
good
handy
work
of
God
,
who
had
so
visibly
gained
him
and
them
this
Battel
:
And
the
better
to
prosecute
the
said
Victory
,
and
That
they
were
not
come
into
Scotland
to
trade
in
Men
,
nor
to
enrich
themselves
,
but
to
do
Service
to
the
Common-wealth
of
England
,
and
to
settle
and
establish
those
Dominions
.
On
the
same
day
,
Orders
were
issued
to
draw
up
the
whole
Army
to
the
very
Walls
of
the
Town
,
and
by
setting
scaling
Ladders
to
the
place
,
to
give
a
generall
Assault
,
but
after
it
was
found
that
there
was
but
a
little
appearance
to
effect
the
same
,
in
regard
of
the
good
Condition
the
Place
and
Garison
was
in
,
they
changed
their
resolution
,
and
on
the
nineteenth
the
Army
retired
to
Linlithgow
,
which
was
accounted
a
very
fit
place
to
make
a
Garison
of
,
whereby
both
Sterling
and
Edinborough
might
be
bridled
and
curbed
,
and
the
necessary
Orders
for
the
fortifying
of
the
place
being
given
,
there
were
five
Troops
of
Horse
left
in
Garison
,
and
six
Companies
of
Foot
,
and
the
Body
of
the
Army
returned
to
Edinborough
,
where
on
the
twenty
third
of
September
,
there
was
a
day
of
Humiliation
celebrated
and
solemnly
kept
.
And
much
about
the
same
time
the
Churches
of
Scotland
likewise
ordered
a
solemn
Festivall
for
the
ensuing
Reasons
;
Viz.
-
I.
To
humble
themselves
before
God
,
and
to
crave
his
pardon
for
having
too
much
relyed
on
the
Arme
of
Flesh
.
-
II.
For
the
wickedness
and
profaneness
of
their
Armies
.
-
III.
For
the
Spoils
and
other
Misdemeanours
their
Soldiers
had
committed
in
England
.
-
IV.
For
having
not
sufficiently
purged
their
Armies
;
that
is
to
say
,
For
not
having
put
out
such
persons
as
were
not
godly
,
and
of
their
Belief
.
-
V.
For
the
indirect
and
sinister
Means
which
their
Commissioners
made
use
of
in
their
Treaty
with
their
King
,
and
the
indirect
waies
by
which
they
had
brought
him
into
Scotland
.
-
VI.
For
their
not
having
sufficiently
purged
the
Kings
Family
.
-
VII
.
For
the
just
Grounds
they
had
to
believe
that
his
Majesties
repentance
was
not
reall
;
nor
from
his
heart
.
Moss
Troopers
were
accustomed
to
retreat
and
shelter
.
And
as
the
Scots
had
a
puissent
Enemy
in
the
heart
of
their
Country
,
so
had
they
a
far
greater
in
their
very
Bowels
,
since
it
s
generally
confest
,
That
the
greatest
of
all
Evils
which
can
possibly
happen
to
a
State
,
Is
the
Divisions
which
the
different
professions
in
Religion
,
and
the
other
particular
Interests
do
beget
:
For
in
the
North
of
Scotland
,
there
was
a
Party
for
the
King
,
seperated
from
the
Churches
,
in
the
West
,
there
was
a
Party
for
the
Church
seperated
from
the
King
;
so
likewise
there
was
a
third
Party
more
moderate
,
who
held
both
for
King
and
Church
,
and
all
these
intestine
Divisions
were
carryed
on
with
such
a
violent
animosity
,
as
that
they
neglected
the
common
good
,
and
were
even
ready
to
cut
each
others
throat
:
The
last
of
these
parties
was
the
strongest
,
being
composed
of
the
General
States
of
the
Kingdome
,
as
then
held
at
Sterling
,
who
neverthelesse
stood
upon
their
Guards
,
as
well
as
the
several
others
did
,
they
being
afraid
of
each
other
.
The
Assembly
of
the
Estates
used
their
best
endeavours
to
reconconcile
these
two
parties
,
and
to
this
purpose
treated
mainly
with
the
Colonels
Carre
and
Straughan
,
who
seemed
to
be
the
chief
Heads
of
the
said
parties
,
but
they
could
not
prevail
with
them
.
His
late
Highnesse
who
was
alwayes
as
politick
as
vigilant
,
endeavoured
to
make
good
use
of
their
dissentions
,
and
so
wrote
both
unto
Carre
and
Straughan
,
but
their
particular
quarrels
hindred
them
not
to
joyn
in
their
general
animosities
against
the
English
,
whom
they
reputed
to
be
their
common
Enemy
.
But
the
said
proffers
which
were
made
unto
them
,
having
as
little
wrought
upon
them
as
the
care
of
their
own
preservations
,
Colonel
Whaley
was
commanded
with
a
good
Squadron
of
the
Army
,
to
goe
and
reduce
them
to
their
obedience
,
which
he
undertook
not
,
however
,
before
he
had
once
more
assayled
to
gain
them
by
fair
means
,
wherefore
he
sent
a
Letter
unto
them
both
,
representing
unto
them
in
substance
as
followeth
,
viz.
That
all
the
world
knew
how
many
amicable
wayes
and
endeavours
had
been
used
by
the
English
since
their
being
in
Scotland
,
to
hinder
the
effusion
of
Christian
blood
;
and
although
all
the
said
undertakings
had
proved
fruitlesse
,
yet
they
still
harboured
the
same
thoughts
and
resolutions
,
continuing
thus
,
that
their
arms
were
alwayes
ready
and
open
to
receive
and
embrace
them
,
whensoever
it
should
please
God
to
inspire
them
to
meet
them
half-way
.
That
their
design
was
not
to
rule
over
them
,
nor
to
intrench
upon
their
liberties
,
far
lesse
on
their
Church
Government
,
or
to
possesse
their
goods
and
fortunes
,
their
drift
being
only
to
advance
the
Lords
work
:
But
if
they
perished
in
their
blindnesse
,
and
would
continue
to
harbour
frivolous
and
vain
hopes
,
they
must
continue
to
be
their
enemies
to
their
rests
,
and
declared
unto
them
,
that
all
the
miseries
which
should
befall
them
hereafter
,
either
by
the
sword
or
famine
,
would
fall
very
heavy
on
their
own
accompt
.
Collonel
Carr
sent
an
answer
to
this
Letter
quite
in
another
strain
then
it
might
have
been
expected
from
persons
who
professed
to
desire
nothing
so
much
as
an
accommodation
;
and
this
Answer
was
returned
to
Commissary
General
Whaley
,
at
his
being
at
Carlisle
,
according
to
the
tenour
following
,
or
very
nigh
the
same
:
That
although
they
were
not
strong
enough
to
resist
the
English
their
unjust
Invasion
,
yet
that
they
had
strength
enough
to
undergoe
it
,
and
that
by
their
actions
and
sufferings
they
would
submit
themselves
to
the
will
of
God
,
untill
the
time
of
their
deliverance
should
come
:
That
in
case
they
should
have
the
happinesse
to
perish
in
doing
of
their
duties
,
it
would
be
too
much
grace
that
God
would
do
unto
them
,
that
they
doubted
not
but
when
their
miseries
should
be
arrived
at
the
full
pitch
,
their
Fortune
would
then
change
,
adding
that
they
thought
it
very
strange
,
that
the
English
should
mention
a
cessation
of
Arms
at
the
same
time
when
they
laded
their
Subjects
with
Irons
,
when
they
took
their
Towns
,
when
they
imprisoned
their
Ministers
,
and
by
this
means
bereaved
their
flocks
(
now
going
astray
)
of
the
only
and
best
comforts
which
they
had
left
unto
them
amidst
their
greatest
miseries
:
Concluding
thus
,
That
if
they
would
voluntarily
desert
and
relinquish
Scotland
,
and
afterwards
enter
upon
a
Treaty
in
such
a
manner
as
becommeth
Christians
to
doe
,
it
would
be
a
reciprocal
grace
and
favour
they
would
doe
unto
both
Nations
.
But
these
Interparlies
having
proved
thus
unprofitable
,
the
English
began
to
fall
to
work
again
,
and
Major
Brown
possessed
himself
of
a
strong
place
called
Ball-house
,
and
afterwards
took
the
Castle
of
Dorlington
,
in
which
there
were
great
store
of
Ammunitions
of
warre
found
,
and
in
this
last
some
Mosse-Troopers
,
some
of
which
were
put
to
death
.
Collonel
Monke
likewise
with
a
party
both
of
Horse
and
Foot
,
marched
towards
the
Castle
of
Rozellar
within
seven
miles
of
Edinborough
,
which
was
also
surrendred
after
some
Granado
Shells
were
fired
into
it
:
Immediately
after
which
Colonel
Lambert
marched
with
2000
Horse
towards
Dumfreez
,
in
quest
of
Colonel
Carre
who
was
about
Peblies
,
and
likewise
Colonel
Whalley
who
commanded
a
Squadron
of
that
partie
,
took
Dalkeith
on
his
march
,
which
meerly
surrendred
upon
the
threats
which
he
sent
in
unto
those
who
defended
it
,
although
the
walls
of
the
said
Castle
were
13
foot
thick
,
and
that
they
were
well
stored
with
Canon
,
Arms
,
and
all
kinde
of
warlike
Ammunitions
,
and
provisions
of
victuals
.
Meanwhile
Colonel
Lambert
having
with
much
difficulty
passed
the
River
Hamilton
,
encamped
there
that
night
,
whereof
Colonel
Carre
having
notice
,
did
endeavour
to
surprize
him
the
next
morning
at
the
very
break
of
day
,
which
he
likewise
did
very
briskly
,
but
the
English
having
opportunely
taken
the
Alarum
,
and
being
unwilling
that
any
of
the
Enemies
forces
should
escape
out
of
their
hands
,
did
surround
them
in
such
a
manner
,
as
that
they
found
themselves
at
one
and
the
self
same
time
set
upon
on
all
sides
.
The
English
in
a
trice
killed
them
100
men
,
and
took
as
many
prisoners
:
Not
could
the
Scotch
Horse
escape
their
clutches
,
so
that
they
dismounted
400.
Horse-men
,
whose
Horses
and
baggage
they
brought
away
,
and
might
have
had
the
men
too
,
but
that
they
would
not
stand
to
trouble
themselves
with
so
many
Prisoners
,
but
rather
follow
the
Run-awayes
,
and
so
contented
themselves
to
take
the
most
considerable
persons
:
They
chased
the
Scots
as
farre
as
Aire
Town
:
Colonel
Carre
himself
was
wounded
and
taken
Prisoner
,
together
with
his
Captain-Leivtenant
,
as
well
as
his
Lievtenant-Colonel
and
Major
Straughon
:
as
for
Captain
Giffin
,
and
several
other
chief
Officers
of
their
party
,
they
came
and
voluntarily
surrendred
themselves
up
to
Major
Generall
Lambert
,
who
brought
them
all
with
him
to
the
Head
quarters
at
Edinborough
.
During
all
which
,
the
approaches
against
Edinborough
Castle
,
were
continued
,
but
to
speak
the
truth
,
with
little
or
no
effect
,
till
the
Moneth
of
December
,
when
as
all
the
Troops
which
were
dispersed
up
and
down
the
Countrey
,
were
assembled
and
brought
together
,
by
reason
of
the
ill
weather
and
sharp
season
,
which
would
not
permit
them
any
longer
to
keep
the
field
,
and
then
they
fell
to
work
in
earnest
towards
the
reducing
of
the
said
Castle
,
which
is
the
strongest
and
most
considerable
of
all
that
Countrey
,
against
which
a
Plat-form
was
raised
to
place
the
Morter-pieces
and
the
great
Guns
on
,
but
those
within
relyed
so
much
on
the
strength
and
goodnesse
of
the
place
,
that
they
hung
out
a
Flagge
of
defiance
;
but
not
long
after
they
were
glad
to
take
it
in
again
,
whereby
it
was
conceived
that
the
Morter-shells
had
done
some
execution
,
and
that
thereby
they
were
constrained
to
change
their
tune
;
so
that
in
lieu
of
their
former
Flagge
,
they
were
glad
to
hang
out
a
white
one
,
betokening
Peace
,
and
likewise
they
sent
out
a
Drummer
to
propound
,
That
they
were
resolved
to
yield
,
if
so
be
they
might
be
permitted
to
send
to
the
Deputy
of
the
States
,
which
being
refused
them
,
they
desired
to
parley
,
and
so
delivered
up
the
place
.
Moreover
one
of
the
most
remarkable
and
essential
parts
of
his
Highnesse
life
,
was
his
ability
in
making
choice
of
capable
personages
,
fit
to
serve
the
State
as
well
by
their
Councels
,
as
for
the
managing
of
the
wars
,
and
indeed
herein
the
Parliament
alwayes
preferred
his
opinion
and
sence
beyond
all
others
,
having
found
by
experience
,
that
his
advice
and
counsells
were
accompanyed
with
a
good
fortune
,
as
his
valour
constrayned
her
to
Crown
his
actions
.
During
which
,
Prince
Rupert
making
use
of
this
opportunity
,
set
sail
towards
Mallaga
,
where
he
took
,
burnt
,
and
pillaged
severall
English
Merchant-men
,
which
obliged
Admiral
Blake
to
reduce
his
Fleet
to
seven
of
his
best
sailing
Frigats
,
and
sending
the
rest
into
England
with
the
Prizes
which
he
had
taken
,
he
pursued
the
Enemies
with
all
possible
speed
&
diligence
,
and
being
arrived
at
Mallaga
,
he
understood
that
they
had
made
sail
towards
Alicant
,
and
in
his
search
of
them
,
betwixt
the
Cape
of
Gat
and
Paulo
,
he
took
a
French
Ship
,
which
carryed
twenty
Guns
,
and
presently
afterwards
the
Roe-buck
of
Prince
Ruperts
Fleet
,
after
which
he
encountred
with
another
called
the
Black
Prince
,
which
rather
then
she
would
suffer
her self
to
be
taken
,
ran
on
shore
,
and
fired
her
powder
:
Some
few
dayes
after
four
Vessels
more
of
Prince
Ruperts
Fleet
ran
on
shoare
in
the
Bay
of
Carthagena
,
where
they
were
lost
,
and
deserted
by
their
Ships
Companies
:
But
to
return
to
Scotland
,
where
the
cold
Northern
Climate
seems
to
have
buryed
all
the
Martial
heat
,
although
not
the
Scotch
Ministers
zeal
,
who
had
excommunicated
Straughon
and
Swinton
,
for
adhering
to
the
English
,
who
performed
in
those
parts
as
much
as
the
rigour
of
the
season
would
permit
men
to
doe
,
and
the
Scots
on
the
other
side
laboured
to
unite
and
settle
each
others
mindes
and
differences
,
give
order
for
new
Levies
,
and
Crowned
their
King
with
the
greatest
magnificence
as
the
indigency
and
necessity
of
their
affairs
would
permit
.
The
Scots
,
who
were
better
accustomed
to
the
rigour
and
violence
of
their
Winters
then
the
English
,
thinking
to
have
some
advantage
over
them
,
would
not
let
slip
so
favourable
a
season
without
their
making
some
good
use
thereof
,
wherefore
Lievtenant
General
David
Lesly
,
with
a
party
of
800
Horse
endeavoured
to
surprize
Lithgoe
,
maintained
but
by
one
Regiment
of
Horse
,
under
the
Command
of
Colonel
Sanderson
,
but
finding
the
English
upon
their
guards
,
were
forced
to
return
without
any
attempt
at
all
:
And
the
English
on
the
other
side
,
to
let
them
see
that
the
harsh
season
had
not
quite
benummed
them
,
took
the
field
with
two
Regiments
,
one
of
Horse
,
the
other
of
Foot
,
commanded
by
Colonel
Fenwick
,
and
marched
towards
the
taking
of
Hume
Castle
,
which
was
very
strong
by
reason
of
its
situation
;
I
have
here
inserted
two
Letters
which
passed
between
the
Besiegers
and
the
Besieged
,
by
reason
that
the
one
denotes
an
absolute
power
in
the
Countrey
,
and
the
other
bears
an
extraordinary
style
.
TO
THE
GOVERNOUR
Of
the
CASTLE
of
HUME
.
SIR
,
HIs
Excellency
the
Lord
General
Cromwell
,
Hath
commanded
me
to
reduce
to
his
Obedience
the
Castle
which
you
keep
;
In
case
you
deliver
it
into
my
Hands
for
his
Service
,
it
shall
be
on
such
Articles
which
may
please
you
,
and
those
which
are
with
you
,
by
which
means
you
will
not
a
little
ease
the
Neighbouring
Countries
about
you
:
In
case
you
give
me
a
refusall
,
I
doubt
not
but
by
Gods
assistance
to
obtain
that
which
at
present
I
demand
of
you
:
I
expect
your
Answer
to
Morrow
by
seven
in
the
Morning
,
and
remain
your
Servant
FENWICK
.
THE
ANSWER
:
To
the
GOVERNOUR
of
BARWICK
,
Colonel
FENWICK
.
Right
Hourable
,
I
Have
seen
a
Trumpet
of
yours
,
as
he
saith
,
without
a
Pass
,
who
doth
summon
me
to
surrender
the
Castle
of
Hume
to
the
Lord
General
Cromwell
;
That
it
may
not
displease
you
,
I
never
did
see
nor
know
your
General
:
as
for
the
Castle
of
Hume
,
it
is
seated
on
a
Rock
.
Given
in
the
Castle
of
Hume
this
day
,
before
seven
of
the
Clock
.
In
these
terms
I
do
remain
,
without
prejudice
to
my
Country
,
your
most
humble
Servant
Tho.
Cockburne
.
BUt
the
Morter-pieces
had
no
sooner
made
a
slight
breach
,
when
as
they
demanded
to
parley
,
and
because
they
would
not
receive
such
Conditions
as
were
preferred
unto
them
,
they
were
forced
to
be
contented
with
such
Conditions
as
they
could
obtain
,
and
thus
they
surrendred
at
discretion
.
After
which
,
Colonel
Monke
with
about
three
Regiments
of
Horse
and
Foot
laid
siege
to
Tymptallon
Castle
,
which
for
the
space
of
eight
and
forty
hours
together
,
he
battered
with
Morter-pieces
without
any
effect
,
whereby
he
was
enforced
to
raise
a
Battery
of
six
Guns
,
which
did
marvellous
execution
,
whereupon
the
besieged
desired
to
parley
,
but
no
composition
would
be
given
them
,
so
that
at
last
they
were
constrained
to
yield
to
the
mercy
of
the
Conquerour
,
and
to
deliver
into
his
hand
all
the
Armes
,
Cannon
,
Ammunitions
of
War
,
and
Provisions
;
The
keeping
of
which
Place
by
the
Scots
,
was
a
shrewd
Thorn
in
the
sides
of
the
English
,
who
were
by
the
parties
from
the
said
Castle
scituate
between
Edinborough
and
Barwick
daily
taken
and
dispoiled
,
when
as
they
stragled
never
so
little
out
of
their
way
,
which
enforced
his
late
Highness
to
cause
this
ensuing
Declaration
to
be
published
,
and
to
have
executed
with
the
utmost
rigour
;
Viz.
A
DECLARATION
By
GENERAL
CROMWEL
.
Given
under
my
Hand
and
Seal
at
Edinborough
5.
Novemb.
1656.
Signed
,
O.
Cromwell
.
BY
vertue
of
this
Proclamation
severall
sums
of
money
were
raised
on
those
Parishes
and
places
where
the
like
Robberies
and
Murthers
were
committed
,
and
those
who
were
found
either
to
be
the
Authors
of
,
or
Complices
therein
,
in
any
manner
whatsoever
,
were
either
put
to
death
,
or
put
to
a
pecuniary
Mulct
.
Shortly
after
there
was
a
design
upon
Brunt
Island
,
but
at
that
time
it
took
not
any
effect
;
whereas
General
Cromwell
,
drew
all
his
Forces
out
of
Edinborough
,
to
have
maintained
them
all
the
rest
of
the
Winter
in
Fyfe
,
which
is
the
best
part
of
all
Scotland
,
but
the
rigour
of
the
Season
,
and
the
difficulty
of
the
passage
constrained
him
to
face
about
again
to
his
old
Quarters
,
which
were
very
good
by
reason
of
the
Shipping
which
continually
arived
at
Leith
with
all
kind
of
Provisions
for
the
Soldiery
Horse
and
Foot
;
which
said
Refreshments
came
in
very
good
time
to
the
Army
,
which
being
not
accustomed
to
the
extream
rigour
of
the
Weather
in
those
Parts
,
was
incommodated
by
severall
Diseases
,
and
amongst
the
rest
,
by
a
certain
contagious
Feaver
which
is
peculiar
to
that
Country
,
and
the
which
had
also
seised
the
General
himself
,
who
spared
his
person
no
more
then
the
least
Soldier
;
His
late
Highness
was
so
cast
down
by
this
kind
of
Contagion
,
as
that
it
was
believed
he
would
scarce
have
escaped
death
:
and
it
may
be
said
that
his
sickness
was
the
greatest
of
the
whole
Armies
,
for
the
private
Soldiers
they
lost
no
Courage
,
but
did
gladly
and
joyfully
withstand
and
out-brave
those
difficulties
which
stopped
Julius
Caesar
in
his
enterprize
in
those
parts
,
and
who
chose
rather
to
be
at
the
charge
of
a
prodigious
Wall
which
fenced
him
from
the
Scotch
Incursions
,
then
to
engage
his
Army
in
that
mountainous
Country
,
hoary
with
Snow
and
Ice
,
and
the
Conquest
whereof
was
by
the
English
undertaken
in
the
very
heart
of
the
Winter
.
And
whilst
the
fierceness
of
the
Winter
is
passing
over
,
we
will
leave
both
parties
in
Scotland
,
being
seperated
by
a
River
,
which
was
impossible
to
be
passed
over
in
that
Season
,
and
will
make
a
small
digression
into
England
,
to
see
what
in
the
mean
while
passed
there
.
At
Oxford
,
one
of
the
most
famous
Universities
of
England
,
A
certain
Maiden
,
who
bym
if
chance
at
four
Months
end
cast
her
Fruit
,
was
accused
,
to
have
done
it
wilfully
and
of
set
purpose
,
to
have
used
some
art
therein
;
and
without
any
more
formalities
was
Impeached
and
condemned
to
be
hanged
,
which
was
accordingly
done
;
and
some
while
afterwards
the
Physitians
and
Chirurgions
being
resolved
to
make
a
dissection
of
her
body
,
there
being
no
Symptomes
of
life
at
all
in
her
:
Notwithstanding
,
just
as
they
were
ready
to
cut
her
up
,
as
if
she
had
been
only
in
a
Dream
,
and
as
if
her
shamefac'dness
being
not
able
to
endure
the
touching
and
looks
of
so
many
men
,
had
awakened
her
to
shun
their
Eyes
and
Rasors
,
she
gave
some
tokens
of
life
,
to
the
admiration
of
the
wisest
and
most
judicious
men
learned
in
the
like
Cases
,
who
all
of
them
declared
,
that
she
was
really
dead
▪
whereupon
no
kind
of
remedies
were
left
unassailed
to
bring
her
to
herself
,
which
accordingly
was
accomplished
,
and
she
at
present
liveth
in
as
perfect
health
as
even
she
did
before
;
It
being
not
Gods
will
nor
pleasure
,
that
during
the
Government
of
the
justest
of
Conquerours
,
there
should
an
act
of
so
high
an
Injustice
pass
,
as
the
barbarous
condemning
and
putting
to
death
so
innocent
a
Creature
,
as
the
Event
proved
this
silly
Maiden
to
be
.
But
to
come
to
publick
Concernments
,
the
Parliament
being
desirous
together
with
the
Kings
person
to
extirpate
his
Memory
,
and
to
remove
those
Objects
which
might
beget
tenderness
in
the
people
(
who
do
alwaies
bemoan
the
misfortunes
of
those
whom
before
they
hated
)
Commanded
that
his
Statues
should
be
flung
down
,
whereupon
that
which
stood
on
the
West-end
of
St.
Pauls
Church
in
London
was
cast
down
,
and
the
other
which
was
placed
in
the
old
Exchange
,
placing
this
following
Inscription
in
the
Comportment
above
the
same
;
Exit
tyrannus
Regum
ultimus
Anno
Libertatis
Angliae
restitutae
primo
,
Anno
Domini
,
1648.
Januarii
30.
In
like
manner
the
A●mes
of
the
Crown
of
England
,
which
were
placed
in
the
Churches
,
in
the
Courts
of
Judiciture
,
and
other
publick
places
,
were
taken
down
:
And
the
Common-weath
being
now
as
it
seemed
solidly
established
,
some
neighbouring
States
who
desired
to
be
in
Amity
with
Her
,
sent
their
extraordinary
Ambassadors
over
;
as
namely
,
the
Hollanders
,
Spain
and
Portugal
,
and
by
the
following
Negociations
the
issues
of
the
said
Embassies
will
easily
appear
.
As
to
the
Spanish
Ambassador
,
satisfaction
was
continually
demanded
of
him
,
for
the
Murther
which
was
committed
on
the
persons
of
this
Common-wealths
Agents
at
Madrid
,
nor
was
this
State
at
all
satisfied
with
the
Answer
thereon
returned
;
That
the
Contestations
between
the
King
of
Spain
and
his
Clergy
,
on
that
particular
were
not
as
yet
reconciled
or
brought
to
naissue
.
And
as
to
the
Portugal
Ambassador
,
great
and
vast
summes
being
demanded
of
him
for
the
reimbursement
of
those
Charges
which
the
King
his
Master
had
caused
the
Common-wealth
to
be
at
,
and
for
the
reparation
of
those
damages
which
the
English
Merchants
had
sustained
:
He
replyed
,
he
had
no
Orders
to
make
Answer
thereunto
;
whereupon
he
had
his
Audience
of
departure
,
and
went
his
way
.
Immediatly
after
,
this
Common-wealth
sent
two
extraordinary
Ambassadors
to
the
States
of
the
united
Provinces
,
the
Lords
Oliver
St.
Johns
,
and
Walter
Strickland
,
Personages
of
a
high
repute
,
and
endowed
with
exquisite
Parts
;
their
Train
was
great
ad
splendid
,
and
their
Equipage
favoured
not
a
little
of
the
Splendor
of
their
continued
Victories
:
They
Embarqued
in
the
Downs
on
the
eleventh
of
March
,
1651.
and
the
next
day
toward
even
they
came
to
an
anchor
neer
Helvoot
Slugs
,
but
not
without
some
danger
,
on
the
13
they
made
towards
Rotterdam
in
the
long-boats
,
and
by
the
way
they
were
met
by
some
of
the
States
Jachts
or
Barges
,
and
being
arrived
they
were
by
the
English
Merchants
conducted
to
their
publick
House
,
where
they
were
most
splendidly
entertained
;
whither
the
Spanish
Ambassador
sent
to
complement
them
,
by
one
of
his
Gentlemen
,
to
testifie
unto
them
his
joy
for
their
happy
arrival
,
beseeching
them
to
enter
into
and
joyn
with
him
in
a
right
understanding
.
Two
or
three
dayes
after
,
they
set
forward
towards
the
Hague
,
and
by
the
way
were
met
by
the
Master
of
Ceremonies
,
accompanyed
with
about
thirty
Coaches
,
and
after
some
reciprocal
complements
passed
and
exchanged
,
they
were
conducted
to
a
stately
House
which
was
prepared
for
them
in
the
Town
,
where
having
been
three
dayes
treated
at
the
States
charges
,
they
had
audience
.
In
which
the
Lord
St.
Johns
made
a
most
Elegant
and
learned
Speech
,
in
English
,
and
gave
the
Copy
thereof
unto
the
Lords
States
both
in
English
and
in
Dutch
,
the
most
essential
points
whereof
were
as
followeth
.
-
I.
That
they
were
sent
unto
the
Lords
,
the
High
and
mighty
States
of
the
United
Provinces
,
on
the
behalf
of
the
Parliament
of
the
Common-wealth
of
England
,
to
ciment
a
firm
League
and
Confederation
betwixt
the
two
Common-wealths
,
in
case
their
Lordships
thought
it
fitting
,
notwithstanding
the
injuries
which
the
English
had
received
from
the
Holland
Nation
.
-
II.
That
they
desired
to
renew
and
confirm
the
Treaties
and
Agreements
formerly
made
,
concerning
the
Traffique
and
Commerce
betwixt
both
Nations
.
-
III.
After
which
they
exhibited
the
advantages
which
the
Hollanders
would
reap
by
this
said
union
,
in
regard
of
the
commodious
situation
of
England
,
for
the
Traffique
,
with
the
multitude
and
security
of
her
Havens
,
and
of
all
things
which
may
advance
the
Commerce
and
Trade
.
-
IV.
Finally
he
told
them
,
That
he
wus
commanded
by
the
Parliament
of
England
and
by
the
Common-wealth
,
to
make
known
to
their
Lordships
,
how
sencibly
they
were
touched
with
the
Murder
which
was
committed
on
the
person
of
their
Agent
,
Mr.
Dorislaus
,
and
that
they
doubted
not
but
their
Lordships
would
use
all
possible
endeavours
to
discover
the
Authors
of
that
horrid
and
unworthy
action
.
After
which
,
the
Lords
States
being
informed
,
that
the
said
Lords
Ambassadors
followers
were
daily
molested
and
affronted
by
the
English
Royallists
,
and
other
persons
,
who
resided
in
Holland
,
they
caused
a
Proclamation
to
be
drawn
up
,
which
they
sent
unto
the
Lords
Ambassadors
,
to
know
of
them
whether
it
was
penned
in
the
due
terms
,
according
to
their
good
liking
,
whereby
on
pain
of
death
they
prohibited
,
that
no
man
should
either
by
words
or
deeds
,
offend
or
molest
any
of
the
said
Ambassadors
followers
or
retainers
.
Three
months
time
was
already
elapsed
in
their
Negotiation
at
a
vast
expense
,
and
with
a
farre
greater
patience
,
without
that
the
least
satisfaction
in
the
world
could
be
obtained
at
the
hands
of
Justice
,
for
those
daily
affronts
&
injuries
which
were
put
upon
the
Lords
Ambassadors
Retinue
&
Servants
,
and
the
scorns
and
disgraces
offered
to
their
own
persons
,
even
to
such
a
pitch
,
as
that
the
Common
people
and
Rascality
would
assemble
themselves
at
the
Gates
of
their
house
,
and
belch
out
injurious
language
,
and
set
upon
,
and
injure
their
Servants
.
Now
the
Parliament
being
sensible
of
these
wrongs
and
injuries
,
and
seeing
the
Lords
States
did
not
at
all
answer
those
kinde
proffers
and
endeavours
which
were
made
unto
them
,
to
beget
and
fettle
a
solid
and
firm
alliance
and
peace
betwixt
the
two
Common-wealths
,
save
with
delayes
and
shifts
,
purposely
to
gain
time
upon
the
English
,
till
they
should
be
able
to
judge
how
the
face
of
things
would
evidence
it self
in
Scotland
,
and
which
way
the
Chain
would
turn
there
,
they
recalled
their
Ambassadors
.
Which
suddain
and
unexpected
newes
extreamly
surprised
the
Hollanders
,
who
testified
their
astonishments
thereon
to
the
Lords
Ambassadors
,
by
more
frequent
and
oftner
visitations
then
formerly
,
and
by
which
they
endeavoured
to
perswade
them
to
beleeve
the
sincerity
of
their
intentions
,
and
how
earnestly
and
ardently
they
desired
the
alliance
which
their
Lordships
had
propounded
.
But
all
these
fair
words
were
not
able
to
stay
the
Ambassadors
,
who
immediately
returned
into
England
again
,
to
cut
out
another
guesse
kinde
of
work
for
the
Hollanders
.
And
that
which
gave
the
greater
cause
of
jealousie
unto
the
English
,
and
made
them
believe
that
the
Hollander
dealt
deceitfully
with
them
,
was
that
their
Admirall
Van
Trump
lay
lurking
about
the
Isle
of
of
Scillie
,
with
his
Fleet
,
as
if
he
had
some
design
to
make
himself
Master
of
them
:
But
when
as
the
States
were
demanded
the
reason
of
his
lying
there
,
they
replyed
,
that
their
Admirals
being
in
those
parts
was
only
to
demand
restitution
of
some
Ships
,
Goods
and
Merchandises
which
the
Pyrats
of
those
parts
had
despoiled
their
Merchants
of
:
Which
answer
though
in
some
measure
it
satisfied
the
Parliament
,
yet
not
so
farre
as
to
trust
too
much
therein
to
the
Hollanders
,
and
whereby
the
Parliament
was
obliged
to
give
order
for
the
suddain
reducing
of
that
Island
to
their
obedience
.
George
Askue
which
was
designed
for
the
reduceing
of
the
Cariba
Islands
made
sail
towards
Scilly
,
where
immediately
they
set
ashoar
300.
Sea-men
,
besides
the
Land-men
,
the
Sea-men
gave
the
first
onset
with
a
great
deal
of
courage
and
resolution
,
and
the
Land-men
did
second
them
very
well
,
insomuch
that
they
speedily
became
Masters
of
the
Isles
of
Tresco
and
Bryers
,
where
they
took
150
Prisoners
,
after
they
had
once
slain
a
score
of
them
.
They
found
in
the
place
two
good
Frigats
,
one
of
18
Guns
and
the
other
of
32.
and
immediately
possessed
the
best
Haven
of
all
these
Islands
,
whence
the
Enemies
fled
unto
St.
Maries
,
the
strongest
of
all
those
Islands
,
but
which
held
not
long
out
afterwards
,
and
so
they
were
all
reduced
.
It
is
unnecessary
to
lose
time
in
the
disating
upon
the
strength
and
conveniencies
of
those
Islands
,
since
all
what
art
and
nature
could
possibly
allotte
unto
them
,
is
there
to
be
found
,
and
so
need
but
look
into
the
Mappes
,
to
judge
by
their
very
situation
,
of
what
concernment
they
are
unto
England
.
Meanwhile
it
is
worthy
admiration
that
so
difficult
a
Conquest
should
be
attained
in
so
little
a
space
of
time
,
with
the
losse
of
so
few
men
onely
.
And
whereas
the
Royallists
did
continue
to
make
good
Cornet
Castle
in
the
Isle
of
Guernsey
,
and
on
a
false
advise
,
that
there
were
but
forty
men
in
the
place
,
eighteen
of
which
were
also
said
to
be
incapable
of
doing
service
,
a
resolution
was
taken
to
set
upon
the
said
Castle
,
and
to
carry
it
by
surprisall
;
but
when
the
attempt
was
made
,
there
were
found
to
be
in
the
place
threescore
good
men
,
who
when
the
Scaleing
Ladders
were
applyed
to
the
walls
,
and
the
assault
given
to
the
place
,
defended
themselves
resolutely
,
and
endammaged
the
Assailants
in
such
a
manner
,
with
Stones
and
Timber
which
they
cast
down
upon
them
,
as
also
by
their
Canon
which
flanked
the
wall
,
charged
with
Case-shot
,
as
that
they
killed
divers
of
the
Assailants
,
and
constrayned
the
rest
to
retire
,
and
the
greatest
dysaster
that
hapned
,
was
,
that
a
Vessel
or
two
in
which
the
men
retired
,
were
sunk
by
the
Canon
from
the
Castle
:
And
however
this
attempt
did
not
succeed
,
yet
the
English
did
like
couragious
men
,
and
deserved
no
lesse
prayse
then
if
they
had
carryed
the
place
.
About
which
time
,
one
Brown-Bushell
was
beheaded
at
London
,
a
famous
Royallist
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
for
having
deserted
the
Parliaments
Forces
,
and
having
since
committed
several
Murders
and
mischievous
actions
.
But
it
is
time
to
return
into
Scotland
,
and
to
see
in
what
posture
both
Armies
are
there
.
The
English
,
who
would
not
remain
idle
,
only
to
keep
their
Men
in
action
,
besieged
Blackness
,
a
considerable
place
,
and
whence
their
quarters
were
continually
allarum'd
by
the
Mosse-Troopers
,
who
retreated
and
sheltred
themselves
in
that
place
.
Thomas
Cook
,
was
taken
at
London
,
who
discovered
part
of
the
design
,
and
more
was
known
by
Letters
which
were
found
in
a
Vessel
sailing
from
the
Mount
of
Scotland
to
the
Isle
of
Man
,
which
belonged
to
the
Earl
of
Darby
,
and
who
anon
will
appear
more
visibly
in
this
businesse
,
as
also
Mr.
Birkenhead
was
taken
,
being
charged
with
severall
Orders
and
Instructions
by
which
the
most
hidden
and
intricate
secrets
of
this
conspiracy
were
discovered
.
Christopher
Love
,
Major
Alford
,
Major
Addams
,
Colonel
Barton
,
Mr.
Blackmore
,
Mr.
Case
,
and
Mr.
Cauton
,
Doctor
Drake
,
Mr.
Drake
,
Captain
Farre
,
Mr.
Gibbons
,
Mr.
Haviland
,
and
Mr.
Jenkins
,
Major
Huntington
,
Mr.
Jackwell
,
Mr.
Jackeson
,
Mr.
Walton
,
Mr.
Robinson
,
Captain
Massey
,
Captain
Potter
,
Lieutenant
Colonels
,
Jackeson
,
Sowton
,
and
Vaughan
,
and
several
others
.
Two
of
which
number
were
only
put
to
death
,
being
found
more
guilty
then
the
rest
,
to
wit
,
Mr.
Love
and
Mr.
Gibbons
,
who
were
both
beheaded
on
Tower-hill
.
And
a
false
report
being
spread
in
the
principality
of
Wales
,
that
Generall
Cromwell
was
defeated
in
Scotland
,
and
that
the
Royallists
Army
was
entring
England
,
a
party
began
to
form
it self
in
those
parts
,
but
as
the
cause
of
the
same
rising
was
false
,
so
the
effect
thereof
did
soon
vanish
.
Now
the
English
being
resolved
to
terminate
the
warre
of
Scotland
,
caused
Vessels
to
be
built
,
to
passe
over
the
River
,
and
to
enter
into
Fife
,
which
began
to
allarum
the
Enemies
who
were
on
the
other
side
of
the
water
,
as
also
those
in
Brunts-Island
.
Nor
were
the
Scots
idle
neither
,
but
incommodated
those
quarters
of
the
English
which
were
the
most
advanced
,
which
they
effected
with
the
greater
advantage
,
being
versed
and
known
in
the
wayes
and
advances
,
and
by
this
means
they
slew
several
English
Souldiers
as
they
went
out
to
forrage
and
to
get
in
Provisions
,
whereby
the
English
were
constrained
to
quit
their
Out-quarters
,
and
having
thus
ingrossed
their
Army
by
the
said
Garrisons
,
they
advanced
towards
Fife
,
and
to
that
end
made
their
Magazine
at
Blacknesse
,
but
not
finding
wherewithall
in
the
Countrey
to
feed
their
Horse
,
they
retarded
their
March
for
some
few
dayes
:
Queens
Ferry
with
1600
Foot
,
and
four
Troops
of
Horse
,
having
in
his
said
passage
lost
but
six
men
;
as
soon
as
they
were
arrived
they
fell
to
intrenching
themselves
,
and
at
the
same
time
,
the
Generall
with
the
body
of
the
Army
marched
directly
towards
the
Enemy
,
to
the
end
,
that
in
case
the
Scots
should
make
a
shew
to
march
towards
Fife
,
he
might
charge
their
Rear
,
before
they
should
gain
Sterling
,
and
the
Scots
being
unwilling
to
let
the
day
passe
without
driving
the
English
out
of
Fife
,
sent
4000
Horse
and
Foot
,
under
the
command
of
Sir
John
Brown
,
to
set
upon
the
English
,
which
obliged
Generall
Cromwell
to
send
over
a
re-inforcement
of
two
Regiments
of
Horse
,
and
two
Regiments
of
Foot
,
under
the
Command
of
Major
Generall
Lambert
,
John
Brown
who
commanded
the
Party
,
Colonel
Buchanam
,
and
severall
other
persons
of
quality
on
the
English
side
,
there
were
but
few
slain
,
but
many
hurt
;
and
in
reference
hereunto
more
Forces
were
sent
over
into
Fyfe
,
in
case
the
whole
Body
of
both
Armies
might
chance
to
come
to
a
generall
Battell
.
Immediatly
after
the
English
became
Masters
of
Inchigarvy
a
strong
Castle
,
scituate
upon
a
Rock
in
the
midst
of
the
Province
of
Fryth
,
between
Queens
Ferry
and
North
Ferry
,
in
which
there
were
sixteen
piece
of
Ordnance
mounted
.
Brunt
Island
,
the
Governour
there
of
took
such
an
Alarme
thereat
,
as
that
after
a
small
Contest
in
a
Parley
,
he
surrendred
the
same
,
delivering
unto
the
English
,
together
with
the
said
Island
,
all
the
Men
of
War
which
were
found
in
the
Haven
,
all
the
Cannon
of
the
place
,
as
also
all
the
Armes
,
Ammunition
of
War
,
and
the
provision
of
Victuals
;
which
said
Isle
was
very
considerable
for
the
English
to
make
a
Magazine
and
Storehouse
for
the
Provisions
and
Ammunition
for
the
Army
.
St.
Johns
Town
surrendred
.
Thence
the
Army
marched
to
St.
John's
Town
,
a
very
strong
and
considerable
place
,
into
which
the
Enemy
had
but
just
before
put
a
fresh
Regiment
,
who
were
resolved
to
have
defended
themselves
very
well
,
but
as
soon
as
they
saw
that
their
Sluces
were
cut
off
by
the
English
,
they
lost
their
Courage
,
and
surrendred
the
place
,
Aberdeen
,
Dundee
,
and
the
strong
Castle
of
Dunnotters
,
and
Dunbarton
,
with
many
others
:
Insomuch
,
as
that
after
the
passage
into
Fyfe
was
once
gained
,
the
remaining
parts
of
Scotland
were
so
on
entirely
subdued
,
and
were
made
tributary
unto
the
Common-wealth
of
England
.
Mean
while
,
the
divided
Parties
of
the
English
Forces
which
pursued
the
Scots
Army
,
did
quite
and
clean
tire
them
out
during
their
March
,
setting
upon
them
sometimes
in
the
Van
,
sometimes
in
the
Rear
,
sometimes
in
the
Flank
;
and
finally
,
on
all
sides
as
they
saw
their
oportunity
to
disturb
and
annoy
them
:
Insomuch
that
their
long
and
precipitated
March
did
much
weaken
the
Scots
.
But
that
which
troubled
and
vexed
them
most
of
all
,
was
the
little
hopes
they
saw
of
those
promises
of
relief
which
were
given
them
from
England
,
The
Parliament
having
settled
such
good
Orders
in
all
parts
,
as
that
no
body
durst
stir
or
rise
in
Armes
to
their
Aide
.
In
all
places
wheresoever
the
Scots
came
they
proclaimed
their
King
,
To
be
King
of
great
Britain
,
France
,
and
Ireland
,
according
to
the
accustomed
Formes
,
and
in
his
Name
they
sent
unto
all
those
who
had
any
Commands
,
or
were
in
any
Authority
in
those
parts
through
which
they
passed
,
to
rise
in
Armes
joyntly
with
them
,
but
no
body
budged
.
To
the
contrary
by
Order
of
Parliament
the
Trained
Bands
of
severall
Countries
drew
forth
in
Armes
,
to
hinder
the
Risings
,
and
to
augment
the
Common-wealths
Armies
.
On
the
one
side
,
General
Cromwells
Army
marched
on
the
Heels
of
the
Scots
to
their
Terrour
;
on
the
other
side
,
the
Major
General
Lambert
and
Harrison
waited
upon
their
Designs
,
and
Colonel
Robert
Lilborn
was
left
in
Lancashire
,
to
hinder
the
Earl
of
Darby
from
levying
men
in
those
parts
,
and
to
the
same
purpose
,
severall
other
Bodies
were
placed
in
other
places
,
as
the
occasion
required
,
both
to
cut
off
the
Enemies
Provisions
,
as
well
as
his
passage
;
In
case
they
should
resolve
to
retreat
back
again
,
or
to
fly
away
.
Finally
,
the
Scotch
Army
having
reached
the
Town
of
Worcester
,
pitched
its
Camp
there
,
having
much
debated
where
,
and
in
what
manner
they
should
fix
upon
a
resting
and
breathing
place
,
after
so
long
and
tedious
a
march
:
Whereof
the
Earl
of
Darby
was
no
sooner
assertained
,
but
he
issued
forth
of
his
Island
with
300
Gentlemen
,
and
Landed
in
Lancashire
,
where
he
assembled
at
least
1200
men
,
during
which
,
the
Generals
Regiment
which
was
left
at
Manchester
,
was
Commanded
to
joyn
with
Colonel
Lilborne
,
to
cut
off
the
Earl
of
Darbies
passage
to
Manchester
,
whither
he
was
marching
to
have
faln
upon
the
said
Regiment
;
but
Colonel
Lilborne
observing
his
motion
,
marched
the
very
same
way
,
joyning
Flank
and
Flank
,
with
the
Earls
Forces
,
who
deeming
that
he
ought
not
to
defer
the
Fight
with
Lilborne
,
till
he
should
have
joyned
with
the
Generals
Regiment
,
when
as
then
he
might
have
proved
too
strong
,
but
whilst
he
was
weaker
being
alone
,
fell
upon
Colonel
Lilborne
,
and
each
side
for
the
space
of
four
hours
fight
did
behave
themselves
very
well
,
Legg
,
Robinson
,
Baines
,
Gerrard
,
four
Livetenant
Colonels
,
one
Major
,
four
Captains
,
two
Livetenants
,
twenty
Gentlemen
,
and
five
hundred
Soldiers
.
There
were
killed
the
Lord
Withrinton
,
Sir
Thomas
Fieldsley
,
Colonel
Boynton
,
Sir
William
Throgmorton
,
Sir
Gamuell
,
and
sixty
Soldiers
.
On
the
Parliaments
side
there
were
but
ten
men
slain
,
but
abundance
were
hurt
,
which
defeat
,
although
it
was
but
a
small
one
,
yet
it
was
very
ominous
,
and
served
not
a
little
to
discourage
those
who
were
on
the
Brink
of
declining
themselves
,
and
ready
to
rise
in
Armes
;
so
that
it
may
be
said
without
vanity
,
that
the
defeating
of
those
1500
men
,
hindred
above
10000
to
joyn
with
the
Scots
at
Worcester
:
and
indeed
Colonel
Lilborne
received
those
Honours
and
that
recompense
from
the
Parliament
which
was
due
to
his
Valour
;
And
the
Lord
General
Cromwell
whose
prudence
did
at
all
times
equallize
his
Valour
,
nay
far
surpass
it
,
being
conscious
that
diligence
and
expedition
was
more
then
requisite
in
this
Conjuncture
,
which
was
like
unto
a
Gangren
,
continually
gaining
ground
,
and
therefore
immediatly
to
be
cut
off
,
least
it
should
endanger
the
whole
;
arived
with
his
Army
at
Worcester
,
sooner
then
he
was
expected
,
with
a
resolution
to
make
his
Enemies
either
perish
within
the
place
,
or
constrain
them
to
give
Battel
.
Here
War-like
stratagems
or
wiles
were
not
necessary
,
for
there
was
no
delaying
of
the
business
,
neither
was
there
any
retreat
to
be
made
,
or
flight
to
be
taken
;
It
matters
not
for
one
Town
more
or
less
,
This
is
the
upshot
Blow
,
where
the
best
Swords
were
,
to
decide
the
Interest
of
three
Crowns
.
The
Royallists
were
backed
by
dispaire
,
and
the
others
were
animated
with
the
continuall
and
accustomed
defeating
of
their
Enemies
;
Now
both
must
either
fight
or
die
,
and
resolve
to
be
a
Cast
or
nothing
,
and
the
Town
of
Worcester
,
this
very
day
must
be
the
bloody
Theater
,
of
the
fairest
chance
of
Fortune
which
ever
happened
in
the
Isles
of
great
Britain
;
The
first
thing
therefore
which
the
Parliaments
Forces
endeavoured
,
was
to
gain
a
pass
over
the
River
of
Severne
,
which
was
immediatly
performed
by
Major
General
Lambert
,
at
a
place
called
Vpton
,
and
which
passage
was
made
good
by
Liveten
at
General
Fleetwcods
Brigade
,
which
advancing
towards
Tame
River
,
a
Bridge
of
Boats
was
laid
over
the
same
,
and
likewise
another
Birdge
was
made
over
Severn
on
the
Generals
side
,
which
being
perceived
by
the
Royallists
they
caused
a
Body
both
of
Horse
and
Foot
to
advance
to
oppose
the
Livetenant
Generals
passage
,
Landerdale
,
,
and
above
a
hundred
persons
of
quality
,
severall
others
were
likewise
taken
by
the
other
parties
which
were
abroad
;
as
Duke
Hamilton
General
of
the
Scotch
Army
,
who
afterwards
died
of
his
Wounds
,
the
Earl
of
Rothe
,
the
Earl
of
Cornwarth
,
the
Earle
of
Shrewsbury
,
Packington
,
Cunningham
,
and
Clare
,
Knights
,
the
Lords
Spine
and
Sinclere
,
the
Earle
of
Cleaveland
,
of
Kelley
,
and
Colonel
Greaves
,
six
Colonels
of
Horse
,
thirteen
of
Foot
,
nine
Livetenant
Colonels
of
Horse
,
eight
of
Foot
,
six
Majors
of
Horse
,
thirteen
of
Foot
,
thrity
seven
Captains
of
Horse
,
seventy
three
of
Foot
,
fifty
five
Quarter-masters
,
eighty
nine
Livetenants
of
Foot
,
Major
Generall
Biscotty
,
Major
General
Montgomery
,
the
Livetenant
General
of
the
Ordnance
,
the
adjutant
General
of
the
Foot
,
the
Martiall
General
,
the
Quarter-master
General
,
the
Conductor
General
of
the
Baggage
,
seventy
six
Standards
,
ninety
nine
Ensigns
,
nine
Ministers
,
nine
Chirurgions
,
one
hundred
fifty
eight
Colours
,
and
all
the
Cannon
,
and
Baggage
generally
,
the
Royall
Standard
,
the
Kings
Coach
and
Horses
,
the
Royall
Robe
,
the
Collar
of
the
Order
of
the
Garter
,
thirty
of
his
domestick
Servants
,
and
his
Secretary
Fa●shams
as
for
the
King
his
own
person
,
he
made
and
escape
strangely
,
and
in
a
disguise
he
saved
himself
at
length
into
France
,
not
without
many
difficulties
and
dangers
;
Notwithstanding
the
Parliament
had
promised
five
hundred
pounds
to
any
one
that
could
discover
his
Person
.
Several
other
persons
were
also
afterwards
taken
in
the
remotest
Countries
;
as
Major
General
Massey
,
who
afterwards
made
an
escape
,
Major
General
Middleton
,
Livetenant
General
David
Lesly
,
and
severall
others
;
insomuch
,
as
that
it
may
be
said
,
the
Gleanings
of
this
Victory
,
were
as
considerable
as
the
whole
Harvest
it self
.
But
let
us
return
to
our
CONQUEROR
,
and
observe
with
what
a
moderation
he
enjoyed
this
his
victory
,
he
desires
no
triumphall
preparations
,
He
would
not
that
thanks
should
be
returned
to
him
for
the
same
;
but
only
to
God
alone
,
who
helped
him
with
his
mighty
Arme
to
advance
his
own
Glory
,
and
to
establish
the
peace
and
repose
of
England
,
upon
solid
and
firm
Foundations
,
and
when
as
the
Parliament
did
propound
unto
him
most
splendid
and
magnificent
Presents
,
in
recompense
,
he
only
desired
the
Lives
and
Liberties
of
their
Prisoners
.
They
proposed
to
have
Bonefires
made
,
and
to
have
Triumphall
Arcks
erected
,
but
he
answered
;
That
it
would
be
better
to
raise
Monuments
to
such
of
their
Illustrious
Patriots
as
lost
their
lives
in
the
gaining
of
that
Day
,
and
to
bewaile
their
deaths
with
Teats
.
And
Iastly
at
the
Generals
request
;
there
were
onely
the
Earle
of
Darby
,
and
Sir
Fetherston
Knight
,
of
all
this
great
number
of
Prisoners
put
to
death
.
besides
some
few
others
of
less
quality
.
Keith
,
Cofford
,
Ogleby
,
Barany
,
Huntly
,
Lee
,
and
severall
other
Knights
,
Gentlemen
,
and
Ministers
,
were
in
Consultation
,
all
of
which
were
put
on
boord
a
Ship
,
and
sent
into
England
.
This
great
Storm
being
thus
over-blown
,
and
the
Minds
of
the
Parliament
Members
being
calmed
,
after
the
apprehensions
of
the
Scotch
Invasion
,
and
the
doubtfull
and
unexpected
Events
of
a
Battel
,
they
began
to
track
the
Foot-steps
of
their
Conquest
a
new
,
and
the
whole
Common-wealth
being
entirely
cleansed
within
,
they
cast
about
how
to
reduce
those
Islands
which
sheltred
several
of
the
Enemies
smal
Vesssels
,
whereby
the
Trade
was
interrupted
,
and
several
Merchant-men
impeded
in
their
Voyages
:
Stowens
Bay
in
Jersey
;
on
the
next
day
they
fell
down
with
the
Tyde
,
and
got
into
St.
Brelads
Bay
,
where
they
were
assailed
by
so
vehement
a
storm
as
that
the
Fleet
was
dispersed
,
but
having
joyned
to
each
other
again
;
on
the
one
and
twentieth
they
resolved
to
go
ashoare
that
Night
at
Stowens
Bay
,
wheunto
they
were
necessitated
for
want
of
Forrage
for
the
Horse
,
and
as
it
were
in
a
trice
,
they
landed
their
Horse
by
an
admirable
Industry
of
General
Blake
,
and
his
other
Officers
in
Boats
,
and
two
hours
after
the
Flood
they
weighed
anchor
,
and
some
cut
their
Cables
to
run
a
shoare
,
and
so
the
Foot
Landed
some
at
three
some
at
four
,
some
at
five
,
and
some
at
six
foot
set
and
more
,
receiving
all
that
while
both
the
Cannon
and
Musket
shot
which
played
upon
them
from
the
shoare
;
Notwithstanding
which
they
gained
Land
,
although
they
were
faced
by
both
the
Horse
and
Foot
of
the
Island
,
but
this
was
their
advantage
,
they
were
so
over-charged
with
Water
,
as
that
they
were
not
succeptible
of
Fire
.
Finally
,
after
they
had
endured
this
first
brunt
,
they
got
all
of
them
on
shoare
,
and
quickly
gained
as
much
Ground
as
served
them
to
draw
up
into
a
Body
to
fight
,
which
they
accordingly
did
,
with
so
much
resoluion
and
vigour
,
that
in
one
half
houres
time
they
forced
the
Enemy
to
retreat
,
who
left
their
Ensignes
behind
them
,
and
twelve
piece
of
Cannon
,
after
which
the
Horse
being
a
little
heartned
having
been
refreshed
in
their
Quarters
in
the
Island
,
on
the
two
and
twentieth
of
October
they
attempted
three
small
Forts
,
each
having
two
piece
of
Ordnance
in
them
which
they
took
,
after
which
,
they
advanced
within
sight
of
Elizabeths
Castle
,
to
set
upon
a
Fort
called
the
Tower
of
St.
Albons
,
having
fourteen
piece
of
Ordnance
commanded
by
the
said
Castle
:
In
two
hours
time
they
gained
the
said
Tower
,
and
their
next
work
was
to
possess
the
Castle
of
Montorqueil
,
which
they
also
took
without
much
trouble
;
On
the
sixteenth
of
October
1651.
there
were
embarqued
at
Westchester
and
Leverpoole
three
Regiments
of
Foot
,
to
wit
,
On
the
eighteenth
of
the
said
Month
they
set
Sail
,
but
the
Wind
coming
contrary
,
they
were
driven
into
the
Port
of
Beaumorris
.
On
the
twenty
fifth
,
by
two
in
the
Morning
the
Wind
coming
Southwardly
,
by
the
favour
of
a
fresh
Gale
,
they
set
Sail
again
,
and
about
two
of
the
Clock
in
the
Afternoon
they
discovered
the
Custle
of
the
Isle
of
Man
,
Rushen
Castle
,
Darby
Fort
,
and
a
good
part
of
the
Island
,
as
also
the
Inhabitants
and
Soldiery
,
as
well
Horse
and
Foot
in
Armes
,
who
were
drawn
out
to
make
a
review
of
their
Forces
,
when
as
by
a
suddain
Gust
the
Fleet
was
hindred
from
approaching
neerer
the
shoare
,
whereupon
they
tacked
about
towards
the
North
of
the
Island
,
and
not
without
some
difficulty
they
gained
Ramsey
Bay
,
where
they
Anchored
that
Night
in
sight
of
the
Island
,
and
sent
them
Volleys
of
Cannon
which
were
not
at
all
answered
by
those
of
the
Island
.
On
the
twenty
sixth
of
October
,
an
Inhabitant
was
sent
on
board
the
Fleet
from
the
chief
persons
of
the
Island
,
to
assure
the
Commander
that
they
would
not
in
any
wise
hinder
their
Landing
,
But
to
the
contrary
that
they
would
deliver
up
unto
them
two
Forts
which
they
had
Mastered
,
after
which
there
remained
only
Rushen
and
Peele
Castle
to
be
taken
,
wherein
they
would
also
be
assisting
to
the
utmost
of
their
powers
:
But
because
the
said
Inhabitant
brought
nothing
in
writing
to
confirm
what
he
had
said
,
Major
Fox
went
on
shoare
to
be
assured
of
the
certainty
thereof
,
and
returning
well
satisfied
,
he
was
followed
by
some
Commissioners
of
the
Island
,
who
most
humbly
beseeched
the
Officers
not
to
ruine
them
,
which
must
of
necessity
ensue
,
should
they
Land
all
their
Men
,
obliging
and
engaging
themselves
to
bring
Provisions
at
reasonable
rates
,
unto
those
who
should
remain
on
board
the
Ships
:
The
Commander
in
chief
returned
them
thanks
,
promising
them
to
do
them
all
the
favour
possible
and
imaginable
;
but
it
fell
out
unhappily
for
all
sides
:
That
on
the
twenty
seventh
the
Sea
became
very
rough
,
and
the
Ships
being
not
able
to
remain
all
of
them
under
shelter
in
the
said
Bay
,
they
were
in
a
great
deale
of
darger
,
and
one
Ship
running
a
shoare
,
was
broken
and
rent
in
sunder
;
however
all
the
men
were
saved
,
and
those
within
the
Castles
knowing
full
well
the
danger
wherein
the
Ships
were
,
did
encrease
the
dangers
from
shoare
as
well
as
from
Sea
,
and
thereby
became
the
more
resolute
and
obstinate
;
Insomuch
that
on
the
twenty
eighth
they
were
constrained
to
Land
the
Horse
and
the
rest
of
the
Foot
;
who
became
Masters
of
the
Forts
,
and
afterwards
set
upon
the
Castles
,
in
one
of
which
was
the
Earle
of
Darbies
Widow
,
who
quickly
surrendred
herself
,
together
with
all
the
Ammunitions
of
War
,
and
some
Vessells
which
were
Anchored
in
the
Harbour
.
And
,
as
there
is
no
felicity
or
bliss
under
the
Heavens
,
which
is
not
mingled
with
some
bitterness
;
The
other
famous
Person
who
also
dyed
,
was
General
Poppham
,
a
Personage
endowed
with
all
the
good
qualities
of
an
exquisite
Sea-man
,
being
valiant
,
active
,
and
well
versed
in
Sea
Affaires
,
his
precipitated
death
,
and
the
small
time
he
continued
in
that
Imployment
,
did
shew
unto
us
less
what
he
was
,
then
according
unto
all
appearance
what
he
would
have
been
,
had
it
pleased
God
to
have
lengthned
his
daies
.
And
now
the
Parliament
being
truly
sencible
both
of
the
old
and
new
Injuries
which
England
had
received
from
,
and
by
the
States
of
Holland
,
thought
it
fit
to
publish
this
ensuing
Manifest
;
Viz.
Africa
,
Asia
,
America
,
or
Europe
,
should
be
brought
into
England
,
or
into
any
of
the
Territories
belonging
thereunto
,
either
by
the
English
themselves
,
or
by
any
others
,
save
in
Vessels
,
or
Barques
,
effectively
belonging
to
this
Common-wealth
,
or
the
Collonies
and
Plantations
in
the
Indies
,
who
depend
on
the
same
,
on
the
penalty
of
forfeiting
both
Ships
and
Goods
.
2.
That
all
Commodities
whatsoever
of
the
growth
or
manifacture
of
Forreigners
which
shall
be
brought
within
the
Dominions
of
this
Common-wealth
,
in
Vessels
belonging
to
the
Inhabitants
thereof
shall
be
taken
and
laden
only
in
the
places
where
the
said
wares
do
grow
or
else
in
those
Ports
and
Havens
,
whence
they
must
of
necessity
be
brought
,
and
where
they
are
accustomed
to
be
had
and
bought
at
the
first
hand
.
3.
That
all
kind
of
Fish
of
the
Fishing
belonging
to
the
people
of
this
Nation
,
as
also
all
kind
of
Oyle
of
Fish
,
Whales
Oyle
,
and
Whale
Bones
,
shall
not
be
brought
,
save
in
such
Ships
where
the
said
Fishing
shall
have
been
made
,
upon
the
forementioned
Penalty
.
4.
That
after
the
first
of
February
,
1653.
there
shall
be
no
Salt-fish
transported
out
of
England
,
save
in
English
Vessels
,
&c.
Then
which
,
nothing
was
more
pleasing
to
the
Merchants
,
nor
could
any
thing
have
more
eucouraged
them
,
to
cause
the
Traffick
and
Navigation
to
flourish
again
,
and
whereby
they
were
not
a
little
also
endeared
to
the
Parliaments
Interest
:
So
likewise
was
it
very
effectual
to
gain
the
Seamens
hearts
,
then
which
nothing
is
so
apt
to
rebell
,
and
so
hard
to
be
kept
in
awe
.
So
likewise
severall
other
Ordinances
and
Regulations
were
made
concerning
those
Merchandizes
which
are
brought
from
the
East
Indies
,
from
the
Levant
,
and
from
the
Coast
of
Spain
and
Portugal
,
Hollander
,
May
52.
MAjor
Bourn
Commander
in
chief
of
a
Squadron
of
English
Ships
,
discovered
Van
Trump
Admirall
of
the
Dutch
Fleet
,
on
the
back
of
Goodwine
Sands
,
who
with
two
and
forty
Saile
of
Ships
made
towards
Dover
Road
,
whereupon
the
Frigat
called
the
Greyhound
was
commanded
to
make
all
the
possible
saile
she
could
after
them
,
to
speak
with
them
,
which
she
accordingly
did
,
whereas
they
struck
their
Saile
,
and
gave
all
kind
of
tokens
of
honour
and
respect
,
saying
moreover
,
That
they
would
gladly
tell
something
in
the
behalf
of
their
Admiral
,
unto
the
Party
that
commanded
the
English
Fleet
in
chief
,
and
coming
on
board
,
they
saluted
the
English
Ships
,
and
to
seem
the
more
officious
,
they
gave
them
an
Account
of
their
Navigation
in
this
wise
;
saying
,
That
the
Nothernly
Winds
having
been
somewhat
high
for
some
daies
,
they
had
been
constrained
to
ply
more
to
the
Southward
,
then
else
they
willingly
would
have
done
,
and
that
being
come
to
an
Anchor
somewhat
hitherwards
,
to
avoid
the
falling
too
neer
unto
Dunkirk
,
they
had
lost
severall
Cables
and
Anchors
,
concluding
that
they
had
not
the
least
intention
to
do
us
any
Injury
.
General
Blake
was
at
that
time
with
the
rest
of
the
Fleet
towards
the
West
,
who
being
enformed
by
Major
Bourn
of
the
Hollanders
proceedings
,
he
used
all
the
possible
speed
he
could
to
joyne
with
him
,
and
on
the
nineteenth
of
May
he
discovered
the
Hollanders
Anchored
in
Dover
Road
,
and
being
within
three
Leagues
of
each
other
,
the
Hollander
weighed
Anchor
,
and
sailed
Eastward
,
where
they
met
with
an
Express
from
the
States
,
whom
they
spake
withall
,
and
afterwards
made
all
the
Saile
they
could
up
to
the
English
Fleet
,
their
Admiral
Van
Trump
shewing
himself
upon
the
Decks
of
the
foremost
Ships
;
And
General
Blake
coveting
the
honour
to
give
the
first
Volley
,
let
fly
three
Guns
at
Van
Trumps
Flag
,
though
without
Bullets
,
To
which
Van
Trump
answered
by
a
shot
from
the
Stern
of
his
Ship
backwards
,
signifying
his
disdain
to
vale
his
Flag
,
and
instead
of
the
striking
his
Main
Top-saile
,
he
caused
a
red
Flag
of
War
to
be
set
up
,
in
token
of
a
Combat
to
his
whole
Fleet
,
and
without
any
further
delay
,
he
gave
General
Blake
a
whole
Broad-side
,
who
joyfully
received
it
,
and
returned
two
for
one
,
and
for
the
space
of
foure
houres
together
both
Fleets
fought
with
that
Animosity
and
vehemency
,
which
is
usually
on
the
like
occasions
at
the
first
fallings
out
:
when
at
last
,
having
severall
times
past
and
repast
,
through
and
through
each
other
,
General
Blake
obtained
the
Victory
,
having
sunk
one
Holland
Man
of
War
,
took
another
with
thirty
Guns
made
a
hundred
and
fifty
Prisoners
,
and
both
the
Captains
of
the
said
Ships
,
and
sent
the
rest
of
their
Fleet
home
by
weeping
Cross
,
to
tell
the
rest
of
their
Butter-box
Brethren
the
success
of
their
rash
Attempt
:
The
English
lost
but
ten
Men
in
this
Fight
,
and
had
forty
wounded
,
and
of
the
whole
Fleet
,
the
Generals
Ship
alone
was
somewhat
endamaged
in
her
Masts
,
Sails
,
Tackling
,
and
Apparel
;
After
which
the
States
of
Holland
disowned
and
disavowed
this
Action
,
and
to
that
purpose
sent
over
two
extraordinary
Ambassadors
into
England
,
who
represented
these
Reasons
to
the
Parliament
of
England
,
therein
declaring
,
Viz.
That
the
unhappy
Fight
betwixt
the
Fleets
of
both
Common-wealths
,
hapned
without
their
knowledge
,
and
contrary
to
the
will
and
desire
of
the
Lords
,
the
States
General
of
the
united
Provinces
,
taking
God
to
witness
of
this
Truth
,
who
knows
the
hearts
of
men
,
and
that
both
by
Letters
and
Messages
they
had
continually
been
assured
of
the
said
Lords
and
States
Sincerity
:
That
with
astonishment
and
amazement
they
had
received
the
fatall
tydings
of
so
rash
an
Attempt
and
Action
;
and
that
immediatly
they
entred
into
Consultation
,
how
they
might
best
find
out
a
remedy
to
soften
and
excuse
this
fresh
bleeding
Wound
:
To
which
end
they
had
convocated
a
general
Assembly
of
the
Provinces
,
in
the
which
they
doubted
not
,
God
willing
,
to
meet
with
a
present
remedy
to
these
Troubles
,
whereby
not
only
the
Causes
of
all
the
evils
which
might
ensue
,
should
be
removed
,
but
also
by
an
interiour
Comfort
mens
Minds
might
be
rectified
,
and
brought
to
a
better
hope
of
the
Treaty
which
was
on
Foot
,
wherein
their
Lordships
laboured
daily
,
and
in
good
earnest
for
the
Welfare
of
both
Nations
,
to
avoid
the
further
effusion
of
Christian
blood
,
so
much
desired
by
the
Enemies
unto
both
Nations
;
wherefore
they
requested
and
desired
most
humbly
of
this
honourable
Councel
by
the
Pledges
of
the
Liberty
and
their
mutuall
concurrence
in
Religion
;
Not
to
suffer
any
thing
to
be
undertaken
with
too
much
precipitation
and
heat
,
which
might
at
length
become
irrevocable
,
and
not
to
be
remedied
by
vaine
Wishes
,
or
too
late
Vows
;
but
that
without
delay
they
might
receive
a
favourable
Answer
,
which
they
the
more
earnestly
desire
,
since
their
Lordships
,
the
States
Ships
,
and
Marriners
were
detained
and
impeded
in
their
Voyages
,
some
by
force
and
others
by
the
Fights
at
Sea
,
and
the
rest
in
the
Ports
of
this
Common-Wealth
.
Whereunto
the
Parliament
thus
replyed
,
Viz.
THat
whereas
they
remember
with
what
continual
Demonstrations
of
Friendship
they
alwaies
Comported
themselves
towards
their
Neighbours
of
the
united
Provinces
,
ever
since
the
beginning
of
their
Civil
Wars
,
having
not
omitted
any
thing
which
might
tend
to
the
preservation
of
a
good
understanding
betwixt
them
,
they
think
it
very
strange
to
find
how
ill
the
said
States
have
answered
these
their
Civilities
,
and
especially
by
the
Acts
of
Hostilitie
which
they
have
lately
exercised
against
this
Common-wealths
Fleet
,
and
having
taken
the
whole
into
their
Consideration
,
as
well
as
the
severall
Papers
presented
to
the
Councel
of
State
by
their
Ambassadors
;
They
do
thereon
answer
,
That
as
they
are
ready
to
give
a
favourable
interpretation
to
the
expressions
contained
in
the
said
Papers
,
tending
to
represent
how
that
the
last
Fight
which
hapned
lately
,
was
without
the
knowledge
,
and
contrary
to
the
intentions
of
their
Masters
;
so
likewise
,
when
they
consider
how
incomformable
and
inconsistent
with
these
Thoughts
and
Discourses
the
proceedings
of
their
State
,
and
the
behaviour
of
their
Sea-men
hath
been
in
the
very
midst
of
a
Treaty
,
and
in
what
a
manner
the
said
particulars
have
been
Negotiated
here
by
their
Ambassador
;
The
extraordinary
preparations
of
a
150
Ships
without
any
apparent
necessity
,
and
the
Instructions
which
were
by
the
said
Lords
States
given
to
the
Sea-men
,
we
have
but
too
great
cause
to
believe
;
That
the
Lords
the
States
General
of
the
united
Provinces
,
have
a
designe
to
usurp
the
known
right
which
the
English
have
to
the
Seas
,
To
destroy
their
Fleets
,
which
after
God
,
are
their
Walls
and
Bulwarks
,
and
thereby
to
expose
the
Common-wealth
to
an
Invasion
,
according
to
their
own
good
liking
,
even
as
they
have
attempted
to
do
by
their
last
Action
:
whereupon
the
Parliament
do
think
themselves
to
be
obliged
,
to
endeavour
by
Gods
assistance
,
as
they
shall
find
occasion
for
the
same
,
to
seek
the
reparation
of
those
Wrongs
which
they
have
already
received
,
and
an
assurance
for
the
future
against
the
like
which
might
be
attempted
against
them
:
However
with
a
desire
and
an
intention
that
things
may
be
composed
and
put
up
in
an
amicable
way
,
if
it
be
possible
by
such
waies
and
means
as
God
by
his
Providence
shall
lay
open
,
and
by
such
circumstances
as
may
tend
to
hasten
this
Designe
,
and
may
render
it
more
efficacious
then
any
other
of
the
like
nature
hath
not
yet
been
.
Geo.
Askue
.
On
the
other
side
,
Sir
George
Askue
remaining
in
the
Channel
with
another
Squadron
of
Ships
,
to
clear
and
guard
the
same
,
discovered
thirty
Saile
of
Hollanders
betwixt
Callis
and
Dover
,
to
which
he
gave
Chace
,
and
constrained
them
all
for
the
most
part
to
run
a
shoare
on
the
Coast
of
France
,
onely
ten
excepted
,
which
were
taken
,
burnt
,
and
sunck
,
and
in
reference
to
this
fatall
Rupture
,
there
was
not
a
day
past
wherin
Prizes
were
not
made
by
the
English
on
the
Hollander
and
French
,
who
likewise
were
not
as
yet
well
reconciled
to
the
English
.
Thence
Sir
George
Askue
set
Saile
towards
the
West
,
as
well
to
seek
out
for
the
Hollander
,
as
to
guard
those
Coasts
,
and
to
convoy
the
Merchant-Men
which
were
ready
to
set
Saile
from
Plimouth
through
the
Channel
,
and
being
come
within
seven
or
eight
Leagues
of
the
said
Port
,
he
had
notice
given
him
that
the
Holland
Fleet
was
not
far
off
,
whereupon
calling
a
Councel
of
Warre
,
it
was
conceived
they
might
be
met
with
about
the
Coast
of
France
,
a
Resolution
was
taken
to
make
Saile
thitherwards
;
and
the
same
day
which
was
the
sixteenth
of
August
,
betwixt
one
and
two
of
the
Clock
in
the
Afternoon
they
discovered
the
Holland
Fleet
,
and
immediatly
made
up
towards
them
as
fast
as
they
could
,
and
found
them
to
be
sixty
Men
of
Warre
,
and
thirty
Merchant
men
;
the
English
were
but
eight
and
thirty
Men
of
Warre
,
foure
Fire
Ships
,
and
foure
small
Frigats
,
who
notwithstanding
the
inequalitie
of
of
their
Number
,
about
foure
of
the
Clock
of
the
said
Afternoon
,
encountred
the
Enemy
with
as
much
Gallantry
and
Resolution
as
possible
could
be
expected
.
George
Askue
seconded
by
six
other
Ships
immediatly
Charged
into
the
very
Body
of
the
Enemy
,
and
however
they
were
sufficiently
damaged
by
this
first
Charge
,
in
their
Sailes
Masts
,
and
Yards
,
yet
they
got
to
the
Wind-ward
of
their
Enemies
,
and
once
againe
Charged
the
whole
Body
of
them
,
continuing
their
said
Combat
very
fiercely
in
this
wise
,
and
alwayes
being
intermingled
pell-mell
with
the
Enemy
;
untill
the
obscurnesse
of
the
Night
had
seperated
them
,
and
had
the
rest
of
the
Fleet
imployed
their
parts
as
well
as
Sir
George
Askue's
Squadron
did
,
it
is
believed
the
whole
Hollands
Fleet
had
been
destroyed
:
amongst
the
English
there
were
severall
hurt
and
killed
,
however
but
one
Person
of
Note
,
Captaine
Pack
a
Person
of
Honour
,
and
a
very
Valiant
,
stout
,
and
experienced
Sea-man
,
whose
Legg
being
shot
off
by
a
Cannon
Bullet
,
he
died
immediatly
;
there
were
also
two
other
Captaines
hurt
,
Viz.
Little
,
and
Whiteridge
,
Two
of
the
Holland
Men
of
Warre
,
and
one
of
their
Fire
Ships
were
sunck
,
as
might
be
guest
by
the
Wrecks
afterwards
;
for
the
Night
which
terminated
this
Fight
,
did
also
debarre
the
sight
of
the
Fleets
what
it
had
produced
:
So
that
the
Hollanders
continued
their
Course
towards
the
Coast
of
France
,
and
the
English
towards
Plimouth
,
to
repaire
their
Vesseels
,
but
especially
their
Masts
,
Yards
,
and
Tackling
,
which
were
so
much
endamaged
,
that
they
were
forced
to
give
over
the
pursuite
of
the
Enemy
.
George
Askue
;
presently
afterwards
Captaine
Penne
On
the
fifth
of
September
,
General
Blakes
Fleet
riding
at
Anchor
in
the
Downes
,
having
notice
that
a
French
Fleet
was
to
touch
in
Callis
Road
,
there
to
take
both
Men
and
Ammunition
on
Boord
for
the
Reliefe
of
Dunkirk
,
he
weighed
Anchor
and
made
towards
them
,
and
about
five
in
the
Evening
they
were
tiding
it
out
of
Callis
Road
,
with
a
Designe
in
the
Night
to
have
set
Saile
towards
Dunkirk
:
But
General
Blake
as
soon
as
they
were
got
to
Sea
gave
them
Chace
,
and
pursued
them
to
the
very
Flats
before
Dunkirk
,
as
farre
as
he
durst
,
by
reason
of
the
Flats
,
and
the
Burthen
of
his
Ships
;
he
took
seven
of
their
Men
of
Warre
,
the
least
carrying
two
and
twenty
Guns
,
and
one
Frigat
with
eight
Guns
,
and
also
one
of
their
Fire
Ships
;
whereupon
the
Garrison
of
Dunkirk
having
been
disappointed
of
their
expected
Reliefe
of
Ammunitions
and
Provisions
:
Not
long
after
was
forced
,
together
with
the
rest
of
the
Garrisons
which
depended
on
the
same
,
to
yield
to
the
Spaniards
.
On
the
twenty
seventh
of
September
,
General
Blake
discovered
about
sixty
Saile
of
Holland
Men
of
Warre
,
Commanded
by
Admiral
Dewit
,
on
the
back-side
of
the
Goodwin
Sands
,
so
that
next
day
he
set
Saile
and
made
towards
the
Enemy
,
but
falling
upon
a
Flat
called
the
Kentish
Knock
(
under
which
the
Hollander
had
purposely
sheltred
themselves
,
to
endanger
the
English
,
should
they
attempt
to
gain
the
Windward
of
them
)
they
found
they
had
but
three
Fathome
Water
,
so
that
severall
of
the
Fleet
struck
upon
the
Sands
,
but
had
no
other
harme
,
which
caused
them
to
stand
off
againe
,
and
to
make
directly
towards
the
Enemy
,
endeavouring
to
engage
them
to
a
Fight
:
But
the
Hollander
being
unwilling
to
engage
,
all
that
day
past
in
slight
Skirmishes
onely
,
towards
Evening
the
Hollanders
changed
their
Station
,
but
kept
themselves
off
from
the
English
towards
the
Flats
,
making
a
shew
of
being
desisirous
to
fight
:
But
the
next
Morning
by
break
of
day
,
the
English
Fleet
perceiving
that
the
Hollanders
were
gone
about
two
Leagues
Northward
from
them
,
they
resolved
although
they
had
but
very
little
Wind
,
and
that
various
to
make
up
towards
them
,
which
they
endeavoured
all
the
Morning
,
but
could
not
reach
them
,
the
Wind
being
come
North
,
inclined
to
the
West
:
However
the
best
Sailing
Frigats
were
commanded
to
make
after
them
,
and
to
keep
them
in
play
till
the
rest
of
the
Fleet
could
get
up
to
them
,
and
about
three
in
the
Afternoon
,
the
said
Frigats
with
much
ado
got
within
shot
of
them
,
but
the
Hollander
fearing
least
by
degrees
they
might
be
drawn
to
a
generall
Combat
(
as
it
indeed
was
the
English's
,
Designe
)
hoyst
up
their
maine
Top-sailes
,
and
fairely
run
away
:
Notwithstanding
which
,
ten
good
Frigats
gave
the
Chace
,
till
ten
at
Night
,
and
the
next
Morning
by
the
favour
of
a
fresh
Gale
from
the
Southwest
,
the
whole
Fleet
pursued
them
till
they
came
to
West
Cappell
in
Zeland
,
when
as
they
put
into
Gore
,
the
English
would
faine
have
falne
on
and
fought
them
in
their
own
Ports
,
but
a
Councel
of
Warre
being
called
,
it
was
judged
unfitting
to
pursue
them
any
further
upon
their
owne
Coasts
,
by
reason
of
the
Flats
,
and
also
by
reason
that
the
English
Provisions
began
to
fall
short
:
The
Hollanāers
loss
in
this
Encounter
is
not
well
known
,
that
which
was
visible
was
,
that
three
of
their
Ships
were
disembled
from
fighting
,
the
one
having
her
Main-mast
shot
downe
,
and
the
Mizen-mast
,
Bowsprits
,
Staies
and
Tackling
of
the
other
two
;
the
Admiral
of
their
Reare
Squadron
was
reduced
to
so
ill
a
plight
,
as
being
not
able
to
make
any
way
of
her self
,
they
were
constrained
to
tow
her
a
long
by
a
Hoy
of
two
and
thirty
great
Guns
,
which
advanced
but
slowly
forward
:
so
that
the
Nonesuch
Frigat
boarded
her
,
and
having
put
thirty
men
over
into
each
Vessell
,
they
mastered
them
,
but
finding
that
they
were
extream
leakie
,
and
began
to
sinck
,
they
took
eighty
men
out
of
them
,
and
their
Officers
,
the
Reare
Admiral
,
and
the
Captaine
,
and
left
the
Hulks
to
serve
the
dead
men
for
a
Coffin
:
The
English
had
but
forty
men
killed
,
and
as
many
hurt
.
Now
the
fame
of
this
notable
Warre
between
these
two
Queenly
and
Mistress
Common-wealths
of
the
Navigation
,
having
spread
it self
throughout
the
Universe
in
all
places
where
Trade
and
Commerce
is
used
;
The
effects
thereof
appeared
shortly
after
in
the
Mediterranian
Seas
,
as
well
as
in
the
Ocean
and
in
the
English
Channel
:
Some
Frights
were
sent
towards
the
Levant
,
to
guard
the
English
Merchant
Men
from
the
French
Shipping
of
Marselleis
,
and
Toulon
,
a
Squadron
of
which
Frigats
consisting
onely
in
foure
Saile
of
Ships
,
viz.
The
Paragon
,
the
Phenix
,
the
Constant
Warwick
,
and
the
Elizabeth
,
convoying
three
Merchant
Men
,
two
of
which
had
taken
in
their
Lading
at
Scandaroon
,
and
the
other
at
Smyrna
,
were
encountred
by
eleven
Holland
Men
of
War
,
who
made
up
towards
them
,
and
set
upon
them
;
All
that
the
English
could
at
first
do
,
was
to
returne
their
broad
Sides
on
their
Poopes
,
to
let
them
see
that
they
were
not
affraid
of
their
exceeding
them
in
number
,
but
ere
the
fight
was
well
begun
,
the
Night
separated
them
,
and
the
next
Morning
the
Hollanders
began
the
fight
againe
,
and
were
received
as
briskly
,
as
if
they
had
been
equally
matched
.
The
Masts
and
Yards
of
two
of
their
Ships
were
quickly
shot
downe
,
and
another
was
set
on
fire
,
but
quickly
recovered
;
The
Phenix
a
gallant
Frigat
of
five
and
forty
Guns
was
boarded
by
a
huge
States
Ship
,
and
after
a
marvellous
defence
lost
almost
all
her
Men
(
and
being
over
powerd
)
was
forced
to
yield
,
but
not
without
a
great
loss
on
the
Hollanders
side
;
Nor
did
the
English
quit
the
fight
till
all
their
Men
and
Ammunition
were
killed
and
spent
:
The
Paragon
lost
seven
and
twenty
Men
,
and
had
sixty
wounded
,
the
Elizabeth
had
but
two
Barrels
of
Powder
left
;
However
they
disengaged
themselves
from
so
great
a
number
of
their
Enemies
,
and
put
their
Merchant-men
safe
in
Porto-longone
;
So
that
the
Hollander
had
not
much
to
brag
of
in
the
fight
which
hapned
neer
Corsica
.
Much
about
this
time
an
Ambassador
from
the
Queen
of
Sweden
;
But
the
English
not
standing
to
Canvasle
these
Demands
,
save
onely
to
procure
satisfaction
on
their
Pretenses
,
pressed
to
have
a
positive
Answer
returned
thereunto
:
Whereupon
on
the
seven
and
twentieth
of
the
said
Moneth
they
received
a
Letter
from
the
King
of
Denmark
,
telling
them
,
That
he
would
preserve
the
said
Ships
for
the
Merchants
,
as
carefully
as
he
had
hitherto
done
,
but
that
he
would
not
deliver
them
into
their
hands
.
Whereupon
the
English
Merchants
,
and
the
Masters
and
Sea-men
,
seeing
there
was
no
hopes
to
get
their
Ships
released
,
abandoned
them
,
and
came
aboard
of
the
Fleet
,
and
straightway
quitting
the
Sound
,
made
over
againe
towards
England
,
but
in
the
Night
of
the
following
Day
,
which
was
the
last
of
the
Moneth
,
the
Weather
proved
so
dark
,
that
the
Admiral
Ship
Commanded
by
Captaine
Ball
,
But
to
return
againe
to
the
Hollander
,
who
were
almost
enraged
at
their
continuall
Losses
of
their
Ships
,
with
which
all
the
Havens
in
England
were
filled
,
and
being
resolved
to
be
revenged
for
so
many
Avant
guard
,
and
the
Victory
,
two
brave
,
Frigats
,
having
been
the
whole
day
engaged
in
the
midst
of
the
Enemy
,
firing
from
all
sides
,
got
off
in
a
very
good
Condition
:
But
towards
the
Evening
,
the
Garland
,
carrying
about
forty
pieces
of
Cannon
,
was
boorded
at
once
by
two
great
Dutch
Ships
,
which
she
manfully
resisted
,
till
her
Decks
were
quite
unfurnished
of
men
,
which
having
blowne
up
,
and
finally
being
over
powered
on
all
sides
,
was
forced
to
yield
.
The
Bonaventure
being
a
Merchant-man
,
but
a
,
good
Vessell
going
to
relieve
the
Garland
,
was
clapt
aboord
by
a
Man
of
Warre
,
and
after
she
had
severall
times
cleered
her
Decks
of
the
Enemy
,
which
were
gotten
into
her
,
at
length
by
the
death
of
her
Captaine
,
who
behaved
himselfe
stoutly
,
she
lost
both
Strength
and
Courage
,
and
so
fell
into
the
hands
of
her
Enemies
.
Meanwhile
,
Generall
Blake
,
who
Commanded
the
Triumph
,
seeing
this
Disorder
,
plunged
into
the
thickest
of
his
Enemies
to
rescue
the
Garland
,
had
his
fore-Mast
shot
downe
close
by
the
Boord
,
and
was
Clapt
on
Boord
by
the
Enemy
,
but
having
stoutly
defended
himselfe
,
and
severall
times
beaten
them
off
againe
,
he
at
length
got
cleare
of
them
,
and
went
off
with
the
rest
of
his
Fleet
,
onely
with
the
losse
of
two
Ships
,
which
cost
the
Dutch
deare
enough
,
before
they
got
them
:
and
after
the
fight
two
English
Merchant-men
falling
casually
into
the
Hollanders
hands
,
helped
to
make
up
the
Friutes
of
this
their
great
boasted
of
Victory
over
the
English
,
which
being
in
it selfe
but
a
small
Check
,
served
onely
to
whet
the
Valour
of
the
English
,
and
to
edge
them
on
with
the
more
vehemency
to
dissipate
that
Ecclipse
which
had
so
lately
over
Clouded
their
wonted
Glory
;
Wherefore
they
made
a
very
considerable
Sea
Equipage
,
and
fitted
out
with
all
speed
a
brave
Fleet
of
the
best
and
gallantest
Ships
,
as
well
to
bring
downe
their
Enemies
Pride
,
who
were
devoid
of
all
Moderation
,
after
this
their
pretended
Successe
,
as
to
stop
and
silence
the
Murmurings
and
Clamour
of
the
People
,
against
those
who
at
that
time
held
and
guided
the
Reines
of
the
State
;
some
of
which
behaved
themselves
so
untoward
,
that
it
could
not
be
imagined
,
save
that
by
a
base
and
vile
black
pollicy
they
intended
,
together
with
the
Ruine
of
Maratine
Affaires
,
to
bring
Destruction
upon
the
whole
LAND
.
THE
HISTORY
OF
OLIVER
Lord
Protector
,
From
his
Cradle
to
his
Tomb.
HIs
Highness
at
that
time
being
General
,
was
as
it
were
seized
with
a
kinde
of
horrour
,
by
the
very
sense
of
these
disorders
,
which
could
not
be
excused
either
by
reason
of
the
disabillity
of
the
Countrey
,
of
any
misfortunes
,
or
ill
accidents
,
nor
by
any
imprudence
,
but
were
manifestly
committed
out
of
meer
malice
,
through
a
blinde
zealous
ambition
,
His
great
soul
did
even
reproach
him
inwardly
for
letting
the
honour
of
his
Countrey
(
as
it
were
)
fall
to
the
ground
;
and
that
a
Million
of
brave
Merchants
were
suffered
to
run
into
perdition
,
by
default
of
a
discreet
Pilot
to
steer
at
the
Helme
,
which
was
so
ill
guided
;
and
although
the
Sea-affairs
did
not
properly
concerne
him
,
He
conceived
however
,
that
in
case
during
the
General
Shipwrack
,
he
launched
into
the
Main
with
some
small
Barks
to
save
the
grand
Vessel
and
body
of
the
State
which
was
perishing
,
he
might
do
both
a
beneficial
,
commendable
,
and
praise-worthy
work
.
He
therefore
believed
that
in
Honour
and
Conscience
he
was
bound
to
dive
more
narrowly
into
the
secret
of
the
Affairs
,
and
to
employ
the
keenness
of
his
Sword
to
set
an
edge
upon
the
subtil
Cabinet
pens
,
and
mend
their
bluntness
and
dullness
:
so
that
after
the
most
requisite
Orders
for
the
arming
and
equipying
of
the
Fleet
had
been
issued
out
,
he
hammered
out
some
others
,
for
the
better
encouragement
of
the
Sea-men
in
general
,
as
well
Commanders
and
Soldiers
,
as
Mariners
.
In
reference
whereunto
it
was
ordered
,
-
1.
That
some
musters
should
be
advanced
them
,
to
put
themselves
in
a
fit
equipage
to
go
to
Sea
,
and
to
leave
a
subsistence
with
their
families
during
their
absence
.
-
2.
That
for
every
ship
which
was
adjudged
good
prize
in
the
Admiralty
,
they
should
have
two
pounds
per
Ton
,
and
six
pounds
for
every
peece
of
Canon
,
Brass
,
or
Iron
,
as
should
be
found
in
the
said
Vessels
,
and
the
which
should
be
equally
distributed
amongst
them
in
relation
to
the
Offices
they
bear
in
the
Ship
which
had
taken
the
said
prize
.
-
3.
That
they
should
have
ten
pound
for
every
peece
of
Cannon
on
board
of
such
Ships
as
they
should
sink
,
or
destroy
by
firing
,
or
otherwise
.
-
4.
That
those
who
should
enroll
themselves
before
the
forty
dayes
should
be
expired
,
should
receive
a
moneths
pay
as
a
gratuity
which
should
not
be
put
to
accompt
.
-
5
That
Hospitalls
should
be
erected
at
Dover
,
Deal
,
and
Sandwich
,
for
such
sick
and
wounded
Men
as
should
be
brought
on
shoar
;
and
that
a
Stock
should
be
settled
for
their
maintenance
,
as
also
for
the
subsistence
of
such
other
sick
and
wounded
men
,
as
by
reason
of
their
Diseases
and
Wounds
could
not
be
brought
on
shoar
,
or
should
be
too
far
from
Hospitals
.
Diverse
other
Ordinances
of
the
like
nature
were
also
settled
,
which
did
wonderfully
encourage
the
Sea-men
and
Mariners
;
so
that
toward
the
latter
end
of
February
;
1653.
the
English
put
forth
a
puissant
Fleet
to
Sea
,
frighted
with
gallant
men
,
who
were
resolved
to
fight
it
out
,
although
at
that
time
the
Hollanders
had
made
use
of
their
best
wits
and
stratagems
,
and
had
negotiated
almost
with
all
the
Nations
of
Europe
,
to
hinder
the
bringing
into
England
any
Pitch
,
Tarr
,
Masts
,
and
such
other
necessaries
for
the
Navigation
.
This
brave
Fleet
being
in
a
longing
desire
to
encounter
their
enemies
;
on
the
eighteenth
of
February
about
eight
in
the
morning
,
descryed
eighty
Holland
men
of
War
conveying
one
hundred
and
fifty
Merchant-men
coming
from
Bordeaux
,
Nants
,
Roan
,
and
other
parts
of
France
;
North
,
North-East
,
and
consequently
not
fit
to
regain
their
own
Coast
,
their
sails
and
tackling
being
pretty
well
disordered
,
they
resolved
to
come
to
an
Anchor
.
The
English
in
this
fight
took
about
fifty
Merchant-men
and
nine
men
of
War
,
they
sunk
several
besides
those
the
Enemies
themselves
sunk
to
save
their
men
;
their
Ships
having
been
sorely
shattered
upon
the
Coast
of
France
;
there
were
above
two
thousand
of
their
dead
bodies
found
floating
,
and
there
were
above
fifteen
hundred
Prisoners
brought
up
to
London
.
General
Blake
was
hurt
in
this
encounter
,
having
done
as
much
as
could
be
expected
from
a
gallant
Sea-man
;
and
likewise
several
of
his
Officers
and
persons
of
Mark
,
who
behaved
themselves
couragiously
,
were
both
hurt
and
killed
on
this
occasion
.
It
is
hard
justly
to
describe
the
loss
which
the
Hollanders
sustained
in
this
burnt
,
by
reason
that
parties
frequently
endeavour
to
silence
their
disgraces
,
and
that
the
Sea
doth
usually
better
swallow
up
and
hide
the
events
and
effects
of
such
bloody
Sea-fights
then
the
Land
.
The
Hollander
by
this
prodigious
and
vast
loss
,
being
touched
to
the
quick
,
did
send
a
Letter
to
the
Parliament
,
to
endeavour
to
mediate
a
means
to
terminate
these
Differences
,
but
the
said
letter
being
signed
onely
by
States
of
Holland
and
West
Freizland
,
the
Parliament
made
answer
unto
by
a
letter
,
witnessing
their
earnest
desires
to
accommodate
things
in
an
amicable
way
,
and
so
to
stop
the
current
of
so
bloody
a
War
,
but
the
said
Negociation
produced
not
the
expected
effect
.
Mean
time
Fortune
,
which
is
as
unconstant
as
the
Sea
it self
,
found
out
a
way
to
produce
the
effects
of
her
unstabillity
better
on
this
Element
then
on
the
Land
;
and
this
Goddess
being
thus
exasperated
at
the
constant
prosperity
of
the
English
,
would
let
them
see
that
she
had
as
great
an
advantage
over
their
valour
at
Sea
,
as
their
Vallour
had
over
her
in
their
Land
fights
:
Wherefore
to
bereave
them
of
her
Land-aids
,
she
surprizeth
them
in
forraign
Seas
,
and
causes
them
to
seel
one
of
her
back-blows
when
they
least
of
all
expected
it
.
Wherefore
the
English
having
by
a
stratagem
recovered
again
the
The
Levant-Merchant
,
another
English
Frigot
,
maintained
a
long
fight
against
a
great
Holland
Ship
of
thirty
six
Guns
,
and
being
just
on
the
brink
of
obtaining
the
Victory
over
her
Enemy
,
(
whom
she
sunk
down-right
a
little
after
)
was
set
upon
a
new
by
a
fresh
Ship
as
big
as
the
former
,
with
whom
she
fought
two
hours
,
and
having
lost
all
her
men
,
was
at
length
;
taken
.
The
Sampson
on
the
one
side
being
assaulted
by
young
Van-Trump
,
who
commanded
the
Admiral
of
the
Rere-Guard
,
and
on
the
other
side
by
a
Fire-ship
,
was
soon
set
on
fire
,
and
midst
of
the
flames
met
with
a
Tomb
which
had
some
conformity
to
the
noble
heat
with
the
which
its
company
was
animated
.
Thus
you
have
a
relation
of
the
greatest
misfortune
which
befell
the
English
during
the
continuance
of
his
whole
War
,
and
which
was
the
more
to
be
lamented
,
that
it
happened
within
sight
of
nine
of
their
own
Ships
,
commanded
by
Captain
Badiley
,
who
could
not
with
all
his
endeavours
come
up
to
joyn
with
them
,
but
who
was
nevertheless
so
happy
and
so
prudent
as
to
save
his
squadron
,
after
he
had
done
the
best
to
relieve
his
companions
,
and
had
seen
that
the
disaster
was
not
to
be
remedied
.
But
let
us
for
a
while
quit
the
Sea
,
and
take
a
view
of
some
Land
passages
,
and
see
in
what
a
posture
the
Affairs
of
great
Brittain
are
with
the
neighbouring
States
.
It
is
a
thing
worthy
of
observation
and
admiration
both
together
,
that
our
Protectors
Ancestors
did
alwayes
bear
this
Motto
in
their
Arms
,
Pax
quoeritur
Bello
:
which
seemeth
onely
to
belong
to
Soveraign
Princes
,
as
if
by
a
prophetical
chance
,
or
else
rather
by
a
Divine
Providence
,
this
Family
,
which
as
it
seems
was
designed
to
bear
the
Scepter
,
and
to
restore
and
give
peace
unto
England
after
so
bloody
a
Civil
War
,
and
so
many
other
forreign
broyls
,
had
received
this
glorious
Motto
as
an
earnest
of
its
future
Grandeur
;
which
said
Motto
doth
in
substance
contain
all
the
mystery
of
the
Politicks
,
and
comprehend
the
two
powers
which
God
doth
give
to
those
whom
he
establisheth
his
Lievetenants
upon
Earth
.
In
effect
,
we
may
observe
that
peace
which
seemed
to
have
embraced
our
incomparable
Oliver
,
and
as
it
were
to
have
been
incorporated
with
him
,
hath
ever
since
grown
up
with
him
,
until
such
time
as
its
powerful
branches
,
which
encreased
and
grew
up
to
an
infinite
height
,
had
spread
it
felf
so
far
,
as
that
this
dutiful
Daughter
of
Heaven
whose
growth
is
limitted
by
God
,
being
not
able
to
follow
him
no
longer
,
was
constrained
onely
to
fix
her self
to
the
body
of
the
tree
,
and
to
suffer
the
branches
to
extend
themselves
to
the
other
sides
of
the
Sea-Coasts
,
for
to
deprive
that
Nation
of
Peace
which
doth
least
deserve
it
,
having
extended
the
War
and
her
Tyrannies
throughout
all
the
inhabitable
parts
of
the
World
.
For
as
soon
as
his
late
Highness
,
our
dread
Protector
,
had
attained
to
the
power
(
by
the
means
and
force
of
Arms
)
in
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
,
Peace
immediately
brake
forth
,
and
resplendently
shown
throughout
all
those
parts
,
and
stopt
those
floods
of
Blood
which
could
never
have
been
stanched
,
but
by
the
greatest
branches
of
our
illustrious
Oliver
:
and
not
sooner
had
his
Voice
a
transcendency
in
and
over
the
Councels
,
but
Peace
continually
accompanied
his
Oracles
.
Do
but
with
me
track
the
course
of
his
fortunes
,
and
you
will
finde
that
bright
Astrea
doth
follow
,
or
rather
doth
conduct
and
lead
by
the
hand
this
blessed
Deity
,
and
chains
her
up
to
the
triumphal
Chariot
,
there
to
humble
her
and
to
make
her
know
,
that
this
our
Oliver
was
not
the
work
of
her
hands
,
but
rather
of
her
own
,
since
it
is
the
end
which
doth
alwayes
Crown
glorious
and
magnanimous
Actions
.
Now
whereas
the
last
Victory
which
General
Blake
obtained
at
Sea
,
had
gained
a
great
stock
of
credit
unto
his
late
Highness
,
both
at
home
and
abroad
;
the
whole
English
Nation
began
to
witness
a
desire
that
he
would
undertake
the
Management
of
Affairs
,
and
put
himself
at
the
Helme
of
the
Government
;
and
likewise
all
Strangers
and
Forreigners
endeavoured
to
be
in
a
good
understanding
with
England
.
And
almost
at
the
same
time
,
two
deputations
were
admitted
from
France
,
which
Kingdom
was
again
for
the
second
time
unfortunately
divided
by
a
Civil
War
.
Scotland
,
Ireland
,
and
the
other
Territories
.
But
least
the
Magistrates
and
other
publick
Ministers
of
Justice
and
Policy
,
suprized
at
this
suddain
change
,
should
chance
to
swerve
from
their
duties
;
or
that
other
persons
should
thereby
take
occasion
to
foment
disturbances
prejudicial
to
the
Common-wealth
,
this
ensuing
Declaration
was
published
.
Oliver
Cromwel
.
These
domestick
revolutions
did
in
a
manner
put
a
new
life
into
the
Dutch
again
,
who
thought
that
they
would
cause
some
eminent
distractions
and
disturbances
as
well
on
the
Seas
as
by
Land
.
But
they
were
very
much
deceived
,
for
the
Maratine
Affairs
of
these
Lands
,
on
which
either
the
good
or
bad
fortune
of
England
depended
,
were
carryed
on
with
so
much
dexterity
,
diligence
,
and
vigour
,
as
that
they
had
reason
to
confess
,
that
the
change
of
the
Pilot
,
and
the
entire
obedience
which
is
rendered
to
an
absolute
Captain
,
who
hath
the
sole
power
in
his
hands
,
are
but
ill
signs
that
the
Vessel
should
be
therefore
the
worse
guided
and
conducted
.
And
to
give
you
a
proof
of
the
truth
,
the
Hollanders
having
at
that
time
a
vast
number
of
Merchant-men
in
their
Harbours
ready
to
set
Sail
,
durst
not
hazard
them
through
the
Channel
,
although
they
had
a
Fleet
of
ninety
Men
of
War
to
conduct
them
.
But
conducted
them
by
North
of
Scotland
to
reach
the
Sound
,
where
they
met
with
another
great
Fleet
of
their
Merchant-men
,
some
coming
from
Russia
,
some
from
the
East-Indies
,
and
others
from
France
,
all
which
they
carryed
home
into
Holland
;
after
which
,
hearing
that
the
English
Fleet
was
steered
Northward
,
instead
of
seeking
them
out
,
and
to
take
the
advantage
of
the
English
divisions
,
as
they
had
pretended
and
bragged
,
they
amuzed
themselves
in
making
several
bravadoes
in
such
places
where
there
was
neither
honour
,
glory
,
nor
benefit
to
be
acquired
:
at
length
they
steered
towards
the
Downs
where
they
carried
away
two
or
three
despicable
Barks
,
and
sent
some
volleys
of
Cannon
into
Dover
,
their
Hearts
and
their
Sails
being
equally
puffed
up
with
these
imaginary
successes
,
which
savouring
something
of
their
old
Masters
Jack
Spaniards
Rodomontado's
,
they
thought
they
could
not
better
express
them
then
at
that
time
,
saying
,
That
the
English
Fleet
was
to
be
cryed
out
by
the
sound
of
Trumpets
and
Horns
,
as
if
she
had
been
lost
.
But
the
Winde
being
as
unconstant
as
the
Sea
it self
,
and
as
dangerous
,
quickly
tacked
about
to
their
confusion
,
and
the
Old
Proverb
,
That
all
the
evil
comes
from
the
North
,
was
made
good
to
their
cost
and
charges
.
For
the
English
Fleet
returning
on
a
suddain
from
the
Northward
,
on
the
twenty
eighth
of
May
came
into
Yarmouth-Road
,
and
on
the
first
of
June
next
ensuing
,
being
at
an
Anchor
,
they
discovered
two
Dutch
Galliots
,
to
which
they
gave
chase
till
they
came
up
to
the
body
of
the
Dutch
Fleet.
General
Cromwel
who
alwayes
made
use
of
more
moderation
then
power
in
the
Rise
of
his
Fortune
,
being
unwilling
to
deprive
England
of
her
ancient
Liberties
and
Priviledges
,
resolved
together
with
the
chief
Officers
of
his
Army
to
assemble
a
Parliament
.
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
,
were
chosen
by
himself
and
his
Councel
,
to
assist
in
the
said
Parliament
,
for
them
to
meet
in
the
Councel-Room
at
White-Hall
on
the
fourth
day
of
the
moneth
of
July
,
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
.
1653.
A
forme
of
which
said
Warrant
you
have
,
as
followeth
,
viz.
For
asmuch
as
upon
the
dissolution
of
the
late
Parliament
,
it
became
necessary
that
the
Peace
,
Safety
,
and
good
Government
of
this
Commonwealth
should
be
provided
for
;
and
in
Order
thereunto
,
diverse
persons
fearing
God
,
and
of
approved
sidelity
and
honesty
,
are
by
my self
,
with
the
advice
of
my
Councel
of
Officers
,
nominated
,
to
whom
the
great
charge
and
trust
of
so
weighty
Affairs
is
to
be
Committed
.
And
having
good
assurance
of
the
love
to
,
and
courage
for
God
,
and
the
interest
of
his
Cause
,
and
the
good
people
of
this
Commonwealth
,
I
Oliver
Cromwel
,
Captain
General
,
and
Commander
in
chief
of
all
the
Army
and
Forces
raised
and
to
be
raised
within
this
Commonwealth
,
do
hereby
Summon
and
Require
you
(
being
of
the
persons
nominated
)
personally
to
be
and
appear
at
the
Councel-Chamber
,
commonly
called
or
known
by
the
name
of
the
Councel-Chamber
at
White-Hall
,
within
the
City
of
Westminster
upon
the
fourth
day
of
July
next
ensuing
the
date
hereof
;
then
and
there
to
take
upon
you
the
said
trust
to
which
you
are
hereby
called
and
appointed
to
serve
as
a
member
for
the
County
of
〈◊〉
,
and
hereof
you
are
not
to
fail
.
Given
under
my
hand
and
seal
the
day
of
〈◊〉
July
,
1653.
subscribed
Oliver
Cromwel
.
And
in
conformity
to
this
Convocation
,
the
nominated
for
every
County
did
accordingly
meet
on
the
fourth
of
July
in
the
Councel
Chamber
,
where
the
Lord
General
Cromwel
,
being
accompanied
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
Officers
of
the
Army
,
delivered
himself
to
the
laid
members
in
an
excellent
Speech
;
in
which
,
his
Prudence
,
Valour
,
and
Piety
,
were
at
once
manifested
;
but
chiefly
his
passionate
tenderness
for
the
good
of
the
Commonwealth
in
General
,
and
for
the
peace
and
tranquillity
of
each
member
in
particular
:
so
that
we
may
justly
attribute
unto
him
the
qualities
both
of
a
Caesar
,
and
of
a
Moses
,
by
reason
of
his
elegant
Speech
which
he
prosecuted
in
this
manner
.
In
like
manner
,
he
set
forth
the
clearness
of
the
Call
given
to
the
Members
then
present
,
to
take
upon
them
the
Supreme
Authority
;
and
from
the
Scriptures
exhorted
them
to
their
duties
,
and
encouraged
them
therein
.
He
further
desired
them
,
that
a
tenderness
might
be
used
towards
all
conscientious
persons
of
what
Judgement
soever
.
Which
said
Speech
was
pronounced
with
such
a
grate
tone
,
and
in
such
excellent
manner
,
as
it
sufficiently
manifested
,
that
as
he
himself
was
throughly
perswaded
thereof
,
the
Spirit
of
God
acted
in
and
by
him
,
he
had
adorned
it
with
no
other
eloquent
phrase
,
save
that
of
Holy
Writ
.
The
rest
was
a
masculine
and
convincing
stile
,
the
comeliness
whereof
consisted
in
its
plainness
,
without
any
Rhethorical
or
Artificial
words
,
but
single
and
pure
,
such
as
proceeded
from
our
Saviours
Ministers
,
the
which
begat
the
peace
,
tranquillity
,
and
glory
of
all
men
.
John
Lilburn
demands
Protection
is
denied
and
remitted
to
the
Law
.
Upon
this
change
of
Government
,
John
Lilburne
,
the
chief
of
the
Levellers
,
of
whom
mention
was
formerly
made
,
and
who
had
been
banished
the
Land
upon
an
Act
of
the
foregoing
Parliament
,
thought
to
be
protected
by
this
,
and
cast
himself
upon
the
Lord
General
;
who
being
unwilling
to
interpose
matters
of
that
nature
,
left
him
to
the
Law
,
whence
he
alwayes
freed
himself
by
a
most
strong
fatality
of
Fortune
.
And
whilest
this
new
Parliament
is
settling
it self
in
England
,
let
us
look
a
while
back
into
Scotland
and
Ireland
,
and
see
how
things
have
prospered
there
since
we
left
them
.
Glencarne
,
Athol
,
the
Lord
Seafort
,
and
others
;
who
framing
several
small
Bodies
of
them
,
would
unexpectedly
fall
in
upon
,
and
surprize
the
Inhabitants
and
English
Souldiery
,
without
either
giving
or
taking
quarter
,
spoiling
and
murthering
all
that
came
in
their
way
;
and
when
the
English
would
make
shew
to
charge
them
,
and
to
pursue
them
,
in
case
they
found
themselves
to
be
the
weaker
,
they
then
betook
themselves
to
their
heels
with
such
swiftness
,
and
sheltering
themselves
in
such
unaccessible
Rocks
and
Holds
,
that
it
was
impossible
to
pursue
or
light
upon
them
:
by
which
advantages
they
were
emboldned
to
commit
several
outrages
,
murthers
,
and
had
like
to
have
surprized
an
English
Ship
which
came
to
an
anchor
at
Leevis
Island
,
some
of
which
ships
company
going
on
shore
to
get
in
fresh
water
and
provisions
,
were
detained
by
the
Lord
Seafort
,
who
also
sent
a
ridiculous
Summons
to
the
said
ship
for
its
surrender
,
freighted
with
threats
and
detestations
of
the
English
Government
,
although
the
said
ship
the
Fortune
,
bearing
more
sails
then
their
threats
could
fill
,
laughed
at
their
temerity
,
and
got
off
at
will
.
Spain
,
France
,
Flanders
,
and
other
parts
whither
themselves
would
go
,
those
onely
excepted
,
who
during
the
first
Rebellion
,
had
a
hand
in
the
murthering
of
the
Protestants
,
and
who
were
brought
up
through
all
the
parts
of
the
Countrey
,
were
tryed
,
condemned
,
and
excuted
in
great
numbers
,
they
drave
the
rest
of
the
Irish
into
Cannaught
,
within
the
heart
or
center
of
the
Countrey
;
where
they
are
cooped
in
by
the
English
,
who
have
possessed
their
Lands
,
and
have
given
them
others
in
that
Province
to
the
value
of
them
:
however
,
the
English
were
continually
molested
by
the
Out-laws
of
that
Nation
,
the
Tories
,
much
like
the
Moss-Troopers
,
or
Italian
Bandittoes
,
but
of
late
they
are
pretty
well
calmed
,
and
almost
quite
exterminated
.
Beveringe
,
Newport
,
Yongstal
,
and
Vanderperre
,
which
last
no
sooner
arived
here
,
but
took
leave
of
the
world
;
so
that
the
other
three
pursued
their
Negotiation
with
hopes
of
a
good
success
:
yet
however
these
fair
appearances
did
not
produce
either
a
cessation
or
a
suspension
of
Armes
,
but
both
parties
treated
and
fought
together
,
insomuch
that
all
kinde
of
hostilies
were
exercised
on
both
sides
against
each
other
;
and
as
they
seemed
both
desirous
to
shew
the
most
of
their
powers
,
and
that
there
was
no
necessity
at
all
of
a
peace
,
so
they
came
at
length
to
a
notable
fight
even
during
the
Treaty
,
and
the
which
did
not
a
little
conduce
to
hasten
the
Conclusion
of
the
peace
.
The
manner
of
which
fight
was
as
followeth
.
In
like
manner
,
the
Generals
Blake
and
Monk
did
most
admirably
well
sustain
the
last
Assaults
of
this
desperate
dying
Admiral
,
who
desired
not
so
much
to
live
as
to
revenge
his
own
Death
;
Both
these
gallant
Generals
I
say
were
present
every
where
,
and
in
all
occasions
;
and
where
their
persons
could
not
shew
themselves
,
Vice-Admiral
Pen
and
Rere-Admiral
Lawson
,
so
well
supplied
their
places
,
as
that
the
Hollanders
encountred
none
but
Admirals
wheresoever
they
charged
.
Finally
,
all
the
English
as
well
Officers
as
Sea-men
behaved
themselves
wonderously
well
,
and
had
the
Honour
to
obtain
joyntly
with
the
Laurels
of
War
,
the
Roses
and
Olive-branches
of
a
glorious
Peace
.
And
amongst
the
rest
of
the
Holland
Ships
of
note
,
the
Garland
a
stout
man
of
War
,
which
the
Hollanders
had
formerly
taken
from
the
English
was
laid
aboard
by
the
Worcester
Frigot
,
and
was
fired
and
burnt
by
her
.
The
Triumph
and
the
Andrew
of
the
English
side
were
also
boarded
by
two
or
three
Dutch
Fire
Ships
,
and
received
some
dammage
in
their
sails
and
rigging
,
but
were
quickly
again
cleared
by
the
Valour
and
industry
of
the
nearest
Ships
,
and
some
of
particular
persons
.
As
to
the
Hollands
Fleet
,
it
seemed
to
have
been
all
on
fire
,
so
well
did
the
English
Fire
Ships
second
by
their
dexterity
the
men
of
War
,
and
the
Cries
of
those
who
saw
their
ships
rouling
and
sinking
alike
,
were
more
formidable
and
loud
then
the
roarings
of
the
Sea
;
so
that
as
they
endeavoured
to
avoid
the
flames
,
they
were
sure
to
finde
their
deaths
in
the
merciless
Waves
.
There
were
at
least
twenty
Holland
men
of
War
burnt
and
sunk
in
this
fight
,
and
almost
all
their
Companies
lost
,
although
the
English
took
more
glory
to
save
them
,
then
their
valour
as
it
seems
had
to
destroy
them
;
the
generosity
of
the
English
causing
them
to
precipitate
themselves
midst
all
dangers
whatsoever
,
to
save
the
lives
of
above
a
thousand
of
their
enemies
:
amongst
which
,
there
were
six
Captains
which
the
Hollanders
themselves
had
abandoned
,
by
reason
they
were
not
in
a
capacity
to
save
them
.
Graves
,
Chapman
,
Tailor
,
Newman
,
Crispe
,
Owen
,
Cox
,
and
Peacock
;
the
wounded
were
about
seven
hundred
in
number
,
whereof
five
were
Captains
,
viz.
Stokes
,
Sea-man
,
Rous
,
Holland
,
and
Cabitt
,
who
all
of
them
behaved
themselves
like
persons
of
Courage
and
Conduct
.
As
for
the
number
of
the
killed
and
hurt
on
the
Hollanders
part
,
we
can
make
no
other
guess
thereat
,
save
onely
according
to
the
number
of
the
ships
which
they
lost
,
however
several
Letters
from
Holland
certified
,
that
in
the
Fight
they
lost
about
six
thousand
men
.
This
Naval
Conflict
being
the
most
bloody
and
most
famous
Fight
which
happened
between
the
English
and
the
Hollander
since
the
Wars
began
,
did
evidently
manifest
what
a
kinde
of
Martial
genious
it
was
,
that
had
gotten
such
a
transcendency
upon
the
deciding
of
a
Victory
;
and
how
wise
and
vigorous
a
Pilot
there
was
both
at
the
Helm
of
the
State
and
of
the
Fleet
:
So
likewise
the
advantages
which
were
obtained
by
this
Victory
were
very
considerable
,
during
the
conjuncture
of
Affairs
at
the
present
,
just
on
the
point
of
an
accomodation
,
which
also
ensued
both
unto
the
profit
,
honour
,
and
glory
of
England
.
And
in
reference
thereunto
,
the
Parliament
did
acknowledge
this
so
important
and
considerable
a
peace
of
service
by
all
the
marks
of
honour
,
which
could
be
worthily
conferred
on
persons
who
had
so
valiantly
acquitted
themselves
.
To
the
Generals
,
Blake
,
Monk
,
Pen
,
and
Lawson
,
and
to
the
other
Flag
Captains
,
Gold
Chains
were
presented
as
precious
tokens
of
their
favour
and
acknowledgements
;
and
to
the
other
Officers
of
the
Fleet
,
silver
Meddals
were
distributed
,
which
although
they
were
not
of
so
much
value
yet
they
bear
as
great
a
weight
in
the
Scales
and
Ballances
of
honour
and
glory
.
No
sooner
was
the
Parliament
dissolved
and
that
Affairs
of
moment
and
weight
came
crowding
in
apace
,
but
that
there
was
a
necessity
(
during
the
intervalls
of
Parliament
)
to
form
(
as
it
is
called
in
forreign
parts
)
an
upper
Councel
,
and
to
create
a
superiour
dignity
,
to
avoid
both
tediousness
and
confusion
in
the
dispatch
of
Affairs
;
which
said
dignity
holding
the
mid-way
between
a
Monarchial
and
Democratical
,
might
avoid
the
inconveniencies
which
these
two
extremities
are
subject
unto
;
and
the
thing
it self
having
been
well
pondered
and
maturely
deliberated
,
the
choice
of
the
person
on
whom
this
dignity
was
to
be
conferred
,
was
soon
made
,
God
having
pointed
him
out
unto
them
by
a
mark
,
those
admirable
and
uninterrupted
Victories
which
he
caused
him
to
gain
;
and
by
those
excellent
productions
of
a
minde
,
which
had
something
of
supernatural
in
it
,
and
partaked
of
the
Divinity
.
Lord
Protector
of
the
Commonwealth
of
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
,
and
the
Islands
and
Territories
thereunto
belonging
;
and
at
the
same
time
several
Articles
were
presented
to
the
Lord
Protector
,
by
which
he
was
to
govern
the
people
;
which
being
red
unto
him
,
he
took
a
solemn
Oath
to
performe
and
see
them
kept
in
the
presence
of
the
whole
assembly
,
protesting
moreover
,
that
he
would
minde
nothing
so
much
as
the
good
of
the
Commonwealth
,
the
Glory
of
God
,
and
the
Honour
of
the
English
Nation
.
The
chief
heads
of
the
Articles
of
Government
were
as
followeth
.
-
-
2.
That
the
first
Parliament
should
assemble
on
the
third
of
September
,
1654.
-
3.
That
he
should
not
dissolve
the
Parliament
till
it
had
sate
five
moneths
.
-
4.
That
such
Bills
as
he
should
not
signe
within
twenty
dayes
should
pass
without
him
.
-
5.
That
he
should
have
a
select
Councel
to
assist
him
,
not
exceeding
one
and
twenty
,
nor
less
then
thirteen
.
-
6.
That
immediately
after
his
Death
the
Councel
should
choose
another
Protector
before
they
rose
.
-
7.
That
no
Protector
after
him
should
be
General
of
the
Army
.
-
8.
That
the
Protector
should
have
Power
to
make
Peace
or
War
.
-
9.
That
with
the
consent
of
his
Councel
he
may
make
Laws
which
shall
be
binding
to
the
Subjects
during
the
intervals
of
Parliament
,
&c.
Immediately
after
which
,
the
Lord
General
Cromwel
,
without
the
devesting
of
himself
of
the
Command
of
the
Army
,
(
which
he
preferred
before
all
other
charges
)
took
upon
him
the
title
of
Highness
,
and
the
dignity
and
name
of
Lord
Protector
.
A
very
fit
appellation
,
in
regard
of
the
Infantine
,
and
as
yet
growing
State
of
England
,
which
the
several
Factions
and
Divisions
,
as
also
the
different
Opinions
in
Religion
would
have
exposed
to
a
numberless
kinde
of
unavoidable
miseries
,
had
not
a
powerful
Genius
,
armed
with
Force
and
Judgement
,
protected
it
from
ripping
up
its
Entrails
and
Bowels
by
its
own
hands
.
And
immediately
after
,
he
was
proclaimed
Lord
Protector
of
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
,
&c.
Some
few
dayes
after
the
body
of
the
City
invited
his
Highness
the
Lord
Protector
to
a
most
splendid
feast
and
gallant
entertainment
,
at
Grocers-Hall
;
not
so
much
to
treat
him
with
their
good
chear
,
as
with
the
resplendent
testimonies
of
their
joy
,
and
with
the
submissive
tenders
of
their
devoires
.
His
Highness
would
by
no
means
refuse
to
give
that
satisfaction
to
their
evidences
of
respect
and
joy
;
and
the
better
to
testifie
unto
them
on
his
behalf
,
the
high
value
he
put
upon
their
care
and
love
,
he
set
forth
towards
them
in
as
great
a
pomp
and
magnificence
as
befitted
a
person
invested
with
so
eminent
qualities
;
and
as
one
who
having
reaped
so
many
Laurels
,
had
newly
restored
peace
and
tranquillity
unto
three
distracted
Kingdomes
.
The
manner
of
his
Highness
going
to
the
City
and
reception
there
,
was
on
this
wise
.
His
Highness's
Life-guard
of
Horse
marched
in
the
first
place
,
after
which
followed
the
chief
Officers
of
the
Army
on
Horse-back
,
and
some
of
his
Councel
of
State
:
after
them
rode
two
Pages
bare
headed
in
sumptuous
Apparel
;
after
them
came
twelve
Lackeys
in
velvet
Caps
and
gray
Liveries
,
with
silk
and
silver
Fringe
;
then
followed
his
Highness
seated
in
a
Charet
of
State
drawn
by
six
beautiful
Horses
richly
trapped
,
which
by
their
lofty
gate
seemed
to
glory
in
their
drawing
so
victorious
a
Hercules
,
triumphing
over
so
many
Monsters
:
and
his
Highness
who
alwayes
preferred
the
little
ornaments
of
the
Soul
before
those
of
the
Body
,
was
onely
clad
in
a
dark
coloured
Suit
and
Cloak
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
other
Nobility
attending
in
their
Coaches
and
six
horses
.
At
Temple-Bar
his
Highness
was
met
and
received
by
the
Lord
Major
and
Aldermen
;
and
the
Recorder
of
the
City
saluted
him
with
an
excellent
Speech
,
containing
several
expressions
of
Joy
,
Fidelity
,
and
Obeisance
,
and
of
good
Hopes
of
his
prosperous
and
happy
Government
.
His
Highness
having
thanked
him
,
alighted
from
his
Chariot
,
and
quitting
his
Cloak
,
put
on
a
rich
Riding
Coat
imbroidered
with
Gold
,
and
got
up
on
Horse-back
on
a
Palfrey
richly
trapped
,
and
was
followed
by
three
other
led
Horses
of
State
.
By
which
change
of
Garments
,
his
Highness
testified
unto
them
,
that
when
as
occasions
of
the
States-service
should
call
upon
him
,
he
would
descend
from
his
Triumphal
Chariot
,
where
the
glory
of
his
Conquests
had
set
him
in
rest
,
and
mounting
his
Horse
for
Battel
,
would
expose
his
Life
as
freely
,
as
he
formerly
had
done
,
for
the
peace
and
tranquility
of
their
City
,
and
for
the
Liberty
of
England
.
The
Lord
Major
rode
all
the
way
bare-headed
,
as
also
carried
the
City
Sword
drawn
before
his
late
Highness
the
Lord
Protector
.
By
the
one
,
representing
the
Respect
and
Obedience
of
the
City
;
and
by
the
other
,
its
Fidelity
and
Resolution
,
to
spill
their
Blood
in
the
defence
of
the
Peace
of
the
State
,
and
for
the
preservation
of
the
Life
and
new
Dignity
of
his
Highness
.
The
Streets
were
railed
up
,
and
the
several
Companies
of
the
City
in
their
Liveries
sate
on
both
sides
of
the
way
,
with
Streamers
sticking
up
to
distinguish
each
Company
.
Moreover
,
it
is
a
thing
worthy
to
be
observed
,
how
that
the
Character
which
God
doth
imprint
on
the
Forehead
of
those
whom
he
hath
designed
to
be
his
Vicegerents
on
Earth
,
doth
beget
an
astonishment
and
fear
in
the
hearts
of
those
where
it
cannot
raise
a
respect
;
but
in
the
others
,
both
admiration
and
love
:
so
that
on
all
sides
the
Divine
Providence
compasseth
its
Glory
,
either
by
the
means
of
its
Justice
or
Mercy
.
And
thus
you
see
his
Highness
the
Lord
Protector
passing
through
this
great
City
,
which
was
drawn
up
in
Arms
,
having
his
Head
onely
covered
with
Laurels
,
and
his
guarded
with
a
simple
though
resplendent
morsel
of
Glory
;
The
one
surrounding
him
to
cover
and
protect
him
with
her
wings
;
and
the
disarmed
Justice
which
accompanied
this
great
Heroes
footsteps
,
seemed
to
Lead
a
naked
and
fettered
Mars
by
a
silken
thread
Thomas
Viner
Knighted
.
And
thus
after
his
Highness
had
been
most
splendedly
entertained
by
the
City
,
before
he
departed
,
he
conferred
the
Honour
of
Knighthood
upon
the
Lord
Major
,
and
left
all
the
City
filled
with
an
admiration
of
his
Heroick
Vertues
,
and
with
a
general
satisfaction
of
his
candor
and
generousness
;
their
hopes
being
freighted
with
acclamations
and
good
wishes
.
No
sooner
was
his
late
Highness
settled
in
the
Supreme
degree
of
his
Protectorship
,
but
just
like
the
Sun
elevated
in
a
high
sublime
Sphere
,
he
begat
an
infinite
number
of
malignant
Exhalations
,
which
however
were
soon
dissipated
by
his
luster
and
resplendency
;
and
at
the
same
time
by
his
vertue
,
he
gave
a
life
and
being
to
all
those
glorious
actions
which
knowing
men
did
expect
from
his
sage
Government
.
England
,
Stotland
and
Ireland
,
to
congratulate
his
Highness
happy
Inauguration
,
and
to
assure
him
of
their
fidelity
and
submission
to
his
Commands
;
all
which
his
Highness
received
with
a
great
deal
of
Candor
,
and
repaied
them
with
Use
(
to
wit
)
the
establishing
of
good
and
salutary
Orders
for
the
Peace
and
Tranquility
of
the
Commonwealth
,
and
each
Member
thereof
in
particular
;
Nor
did
he
forget
to
regulate
the
Spiritual
Affairs
,
and
out
of
an
infinite
number
of
Opinions
,
he
begat
a
pleasant
harmony
;
the
seeming
dissonance
and
harshness
whereof
,
was
onely
unsavory
to
the
ignorant
,
and
to
such
as
had
stopped
their
ears
.
That
War
hath
no
other
end
save
to
beget
a
Peace
.
And
as
to
the
Affairs
of
Ireland
,
his
Highness
by
his
good
Orders
,
and
establishing
the
Natives
in
the
Province
of
Cannaught
,
which
is
in
the
heart
of
Ireland
,
had
settled
all
things
so
well
in
those
parts
,
as
that
the
English
needed
not
to
fear
any
either
abroad
or
at
home
;
But
some
enemies
of
the
State
perceiving
that
it
was
impossible
to
hinder
the
Earth
from
bringing
forth
of
good
fruits
,
as
long
as
it
was
animated
by
so
sensible
and
feeling
a
warmth
,
resolved
to
beget
an
Eclipse
of
its
Sun
;
and
having
covered
it
with
darkness
,
to
bring
down
Horrour
and
Confusion
upon
it
:
wherefore
a
black
Conspiracy
was
hatch'd
again
his
late
Highness's
Life
;
but
Heaven
which
had
preserved
John
Gerrard
,
Brothers
,
John
Jones
an
Apothecary
,
and
Thomas
Tender
,
Somerset
Fox
,
and
Peter
Vowel
,
who
being
Tried
and
Condemned
to
dye
,
Vowel
was
Hanged
,
John
Gerrard
by
reason
of
his
Birth
was
Beheaded
;
Thomas
Gerrard
and
Fox
were
pardoned
by
his
Highness
,
by
reason
of
their
ingenuous
confessions
,
and
some
other
further
discoveries
which
they
made
of
the
Fact
.
The
Recognition
to
be
signed
by
the
Members
before
they
were
admitted
to
the
House
in
the
Parliament
of
September
3.
1654.
I
do
hereby
freely
promise
and
engage
to
be
true
and
faithful
to
the
Lord
Protector
,
and
the
Commonwealth
of
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
,
and
shall
not
(
according
to
the
Tenor
of
the
Indenture
,
whereby
I
am
returned
to
serve
in
Parliament
,
propose
,
or
give
my
consent
to
alter
the
Government
,
as
it
is
settled
in
one
person
and
a
Parliament
.
After
which
subscrption
,
the
Members
were
admitted
to
assemble
again
;
but
not
at
all
minding
those
things
which
the
State
expected
at
their
hands
,
and
on
the
contrary
,
instead
of
cementing
the
commonalty
in
a
perfect
union
;
they
fed
them
with
vain
and
imaginary
hopes
,
and
endeavoured
to
disgust
them
with
the
Government
:
giving
them
to
understand
,
that
they
should
enjoy
happy
dayes
again
,
which
they
could
not
have
hoped
for
till
then
,
and
which
they
were
to
expect
from
their
consultations
and
assemblings
.
Wherefore
his
Highness
having
had
patience
with
them
full
five
entire
moneths
,
after
he
had
several
times
exhorted
them
to
follow
more
lawful
courses
,
and
not
to
forget
their
Duties
by
swerving
from
them
in
such
a
manner
as
they
did
:
Henry
Littleton
,
and
Sir
John
Packington
,
chief
Actors
in
this
Conspiracy
,
were
apprehended
;
and
Major
Wildman
on
the
behalf
of
the
Levellers
was
surprized
and
seized
on
,
as
he
was
dictating
a
Paper
to
one
of
his
Servants
,
or
rather
a
Libel
,
the
Title
whereof
was
,
A
Declaration
containing
the
Motives
and
Reasons
which
oblige
us
to
take
up
Arms
against
Oliver
Cromwell
.
Nor
did
this
discovery
at
all
dishearten
the
Conspirators
,
the
business
being
so
general
,
and
so
many
People
being
engaged
therein
,
insomuch
,
that
they
ceased
not
to
carry
on
the
Design
,
which
they
grounded
more
upon
the
force
then
the
fear
thereof
:
and
immediately
News
was
brought
,
that
a
party
of
two
hundred
armed
men
had
entred
the
Town
of
Salisbury
Joseph
Wagstaff
,
Penruddock
,
and
Jones
,
who
had
been
formerly
Officers
in
the
late
Kings
Army
.
They
presently
seized
on
all
the
Inns
,
and
chief
Houses
;
and
whereas
at
that
time
the
Assizes
were
held
at
that
place
,
they
were
so
bold
as
to
take
away
the
Judges
Commissions
and
Patents
;
and
having
likewise
taken
all
their
Horses
,
they
went
away
and
marched
towards
Pool
.
Sheerwood
Forest
,
with
several
Carts
laden
with
Ammunitions
;
who
making
an
halt
at
an
Inn
which
was
scituated
from
the
Road
,
to
consult
on
their
Business
,
were
seized
with
a
Pannick
fear
:
and
no
one
of
their
Enemies
appearing
or
pursuing
them
,
they
cryed
out
that
they
were
betrayed
;
and
so
betook
themselves
to
their
heels
,
some
one
way
some
another
,
in
a
confused
manner
.
Henry
Slingsby
,
and
Sir
Richard
Maleverer
had
also
assembled
some
Forces
to
have
seized
the
City
of
York
,
having
two
Cart-loads
of
Ammunition
with
them
,
but
they
dispersed
themselves
on
their
own
accompt
,
seeing
but
little
appearance
to
succeed
in
their
designe
;
Sir
Henry
Slingsby
was
taken
and
Imprisoned
,
and
afterwards
Beheaded
upon
another
accompt
.
Vnton
Crook
,
at
a
place
called
South-melton
;
some
whereof
were
killed
and
others
were
taken
,
who
were
Tried
and
Condemned
;
and
those
which
dyed
of
note
were
Mr.
Lucas
,
Thorpe
,
Kensey
,
Graves
,
and
Penruddock
,
Sir
Joseph
Wagstaff
had
the
hap
to
make
his
escape
and
to
get
away
.
Walter
Rawleigh
,
who
by
reason
he
had
undertaken
to
visit
their
Treasures
in
Hispaniola
,
and
had
Committed
some
hostillities
in
those
Seas
in
former
time
,
Gundamore
never
left
importuning
of
King
James
(
whom
he
had
in
a
manner
bewitched
)
till
he
had
obtained
his
death
,
and
thus
bereaved
England
of
one
of
the
great
Politicians
and
Universallest
men
that
ever
this
Isle
brought
forth
;
leaving
us
a
testimony
of
his
vast
knowledge
and
experience
,
to
wit
,
his
famous
History
of
the
World
.
From
hence
his
late
Highness
resolved
to
begin
his
just
War
against
the
proud
Spaniard
,
and
to
sacrifice
to
the
memory
of
this
great
Captain
(
and
one
of
the
most
experienced
Sea-men
of
all
the
World
)
all
the
Spanish
Blood
which
the
valour
of
the
noble
English
hath
so
generously
by
way
of
retaliation
drawn
and
let
out
since
his
late
Highness's
expedition
against
them
.
There
are
some
friends
with
whom
a
man
is
forced
to
break
off
all
friendship
,
because
they
will
be
too
much
our
friends
;
that
is
,
because
they
over-act
the
part
of
friendship
by
prying
too
deep
into
our
Affairs
and
Designes
,
and
by
interesting
themselves
too
far
into
the
concernments
of
those
who
depend
on
us
,
as
that
thereby
they
steal
away
their
hearts
from
us
;
and
such
like
friends
have
the
Spaniards
been
to
England
,
who
buy
their
friendships
at
such
cheap
rates
,
as
that
they
feed
those
who
side
with
them
onely
with
imaginary
speculations
here
on
earth
,
making
them
eternally
miserable
;
and
with
specious
promises
in
the
world
to
come
,
which
would
be
obtained
at
cheaper
and
more
assured
rates
without
the
interposing
of
their
Hippocritical
and
Ambitious
trains
.
But
to
return
to
our
History
again
,
his
late
Highness
whose
Genius
affected
the
greatest
difficulties
,
and
the
most
extraordinary
and
rarest
Designs
,
fix'd
his
thoughts
upon
New
Spain
;
not
to
bereave
them
of
their
Treasures
,
which
are
with
more
ease
to
be
interrupted
at
their
coming
home
,
but
to
revenge
all
Europe
,
unto
whom
the
Jealous
humor
of
the
Spaniards
denies
Traffique
and
Commerce
into
those
parts
;
having
at
all
times
exercised
unheard
of
Cruelties
and
horrible
Treacheries
on
such
as
were
driven
into
those
parts
accidentally
and
forcibly
by
storms
and
tempests
;
or
such
as
were
by
themselves
,
under
the
notion
of
friendship
and
kinde
entertainment
,
drawn
in
thither
to
trade
with
them
;
whom
they
tyed
stark
naked
unto
trees
,
placing
this
Writing
on
their
Breasts
,
Who
sent
for
you
hither
?
And
in
this
wise
suffered
them
to
be
eaten
up
alive
by
the
Fowls
of
the
Air
,
and
the
wilde
Beasts
of
the
Field
.
Sancto
Domingo
in
Hispaniola
,
(
which
notwithstanding
was
deserted
by
all
the
Garrison
at
the
very
sight
and
appearance
of
so
considerable
a
Fleet
)
landed
their
men
somewhat
lower
;
that
so
,
during
the
time
the
Spaniards
should
come
to
impead
their
descent
,
they
might
have
liberty
to
disimbark
all
their
men
,
and
to
refresh
themselves
of
the
toils
of
the
Sea
.
But
this
landing
so
far
from
the
place
,
and
deferring
of
the
attempt
,
put
a
new
life
and
courage
into
the
Spaniards
,
who
repossessed
their
place
again
;
imagining
that
the
English
being
unaccustomed
to
the
excessive
Heats
of
that
Climate
,
and
the
deepness
of
the
Sands
,
would
be
infinitely
tyred
in
their
March
;
and
that
by
the
said
means
they
should
be
able
to
repulse
and
withstand
them
at
a
very
cheap
rate
;
which
fell
out
just
as
the
Spaniards
had
foreseen
it
:
for
the
Climate
was
so
hot
and
the
Sands
so
deep
,
as
that
the
English
after
their
long
march
were
not
able
to
fight
,
were
put
to
flight
,
and
enforced
to
march
back
again
to
their
ships
,
not
without
some
difficulty
;
however
,
being
seconded
by
fresh
and
vallant
Sea-men
,
who
went
on
shore
to
bring
them
off
,
they
got
on
board
again
.
And
that
their
long
voyage
and
course
might
not
prove
totally
useless
and
unprofitable
,
they
And
that
the
English
valour
might
be
rendred
more
considerable
and
formidable
to
the
whole
World
,
the
Almighty
inspired
into
them
that
Religious
Design
,
to
revenge
the
Christians
wrongs
and
sufferings
against
the
Profanations
and
Abuses
of
the
Turkish
Barbarians
,
and
crowned
their
pious
attempt
with
as
holy
and
glorious
a
Victory
.
Behold
our
Castles
of
Galetta
,
and
our
Castles
and
Vessels
of
Porto
Ferino
,
do
your
worst
against
them
,
and
do
not
think
to
brave
us
with
the
sight
of
your
great
Fleet.
Whereupon
,
General
Blake
being
sensible
,
that
the
Glory
of
God
,
and
the
Honour
of
the
English
Nation
was
concerned
in
the
punishing
of
so
great
a
disdain
;
and
to
let
the
Enemies
of
Christ
and
Christianism
see
,
That
they
can
do
all
things
in
and
through
him
their
strength
and
fortress
,
he
called
a
Councel
of
War
,
rather
to
implore
the
Almighties
assistance
towards
the
compassing
of
so
glorious
a
Design
,
then
to
resolve
on
the
performing
it
.
Each
one
finding
himself
animated
and
armed
with
a
more
then
naturall
courage
,
to
let
those
Infidels
and
all
the
World
see
,
That
the
English
are
none
of
the
least
zealous
in
the
Concernments
of
Christ
;
and
so
joyntly
resolved
by
all
means
possible
to
burn
nine
of
their
men
of
War
which
lay
in
Porto
Ferino
,
which
was
performed
in
the
manner
following
.
Nor
had
these
bold
and
glorious
attempts
sufficiently
blazed
the
Vertue
and
Fortune
of
our
late
Protector
,
had
they
not
continually
been
assailed
by
intestine
Conspiracies
which
rose
one
on
the
back
of
the
other
,
like
unto
so
many
Surges
of
the
Sea
,
but
which
brake
themselves
in
like
manner
upon
a
small
shelf
of
Sand
,
on
which
the
finger
of
God
had
worked
their
limits
which
they
durst
not
exceed
.
Bulstrode
Whitlock
,
one
of
Englands
Worthies
,
having
scarce
his
like
for
profound
Knowledge
and
Sagacity
,
after
he
had
resided
for
the
space
of
eight
Moneths
in
Sweden
,
terminated
his
Embassy
by
a
compleat
Peace
and
glorious
Alliance
,
which
he
had
concluded
between
that
Crown
and
England
;
and
returned
himself
to
bring
the
good
tydings
thereof
.
Now
for
the
preservation
of
the
Peace
of
this
Commonwealth
,
his
late
Highness
constituted
several
Major-Generals
in
the
respective
Counties
thereof
,
whose
Names
are
as
followeth
:
viz.
-
1.
For
Kent
and
Surrey
,
Collonel
Kelsey
.
-
2.
For
Sussex
,
Hamshire
,
and
Barkeshire
,
Collonel
Goff
.
-
3.
For
Glocestershire
,
Wilts
,
Dorset
,
Somerset
,
Devon
,
and
Cornwal
,
General
Desborow
.
-
4.
For
Oxfordshire
,
Bucks
,
Hertford
,
Cambridge
,
Isle
of
Ely
,
Essex
,
Norfolk
,
and
Suffolk
,
the
Lord
Deputy
Fleetwood
.
-
5.
For
the
City
of
London
,
Major
General
Skippon
.
-
6.
For
Lincolnshire
,
Nottingham
,
Derby
,
Warwick
,
and
Leicestershire
,
Commislary
General
Whaley
.
-
7.
For
Northamptonshire
,
Bedford
,
Rutland
,
and
Huntington
,
Major
Butler
.
-
8.
For
Worcester
,
Hereford
,
Salop
,
and
North-Wales
,
Collonel
Berry
.
-
9.
For
Cheshire
,
Lancashire
,
and
Staffordshire
,
Collonel
Wortley
.
-
10.
For
Yorkeshire
,
Durham
,
Cumberland
,
Westmerland
,
and
Northumberland
,
the
Lord
Lambert
.
-
11.
For
Westminster
and
Middlesex
,
the
Lieuetenant
of
the
Tower
.
Besides
,
that
his
late
Highness
harboured
a
natural
aversness
and
hatred
against
the
Spaniards
,
who
time
out
of
minde
have
alwayes
been
the
implacable
and
cruel
Enemies
of
England
,
Roman
Kallendar
doth
enjoyn
them
;
which
would
have
been
a
double
Penance
and
an
intollerable
mortification
.
From
all
which
they
were
freed
by
this
happy
Peace
;
and
in
acknowledgement
whereof
,
the
Guns
and
Chambers
from
the
Market-place
and
Town-House
called
the
Greve
,
as
well
as
those
from
the
Bastile
or
Tower
,
ecchoed
forth
the
joy
which
the
Monsieurs
conceived
of
this
forerunner
of
the
peace
and
tranquillity
which
they
have
since
enjoyed
in
the
heart
of
their
Dominions
,
and
the
Victories
and
Conquests
which
they
may
yet
atchieve
by
this
happy
Union
,
if
their
victorious
and
gallant
Prince
doth
continue
to
accompany
his
Valour
with
those
Vertues
,
which
are
onely
capable
not
onely
to
give
him
addition
of
Crowns
,
but
also
to
preserve
them
.
And
lest
I
might
insensibly
out-slip
my
chief
intent
and
purpose
,
and
engage
my self
in
the
giving
of
you
a
Relation
of
the
chiefest
and
most
important
Wars
and
Transactions
of
all
Europe
,
should
I
recount
unto
you
all
the
glorious
Actions
which
have
hapned
since
the
Breach
between
England
and
Spain
;
in
which
our
late
Protector
bare
away
all
the
share
at
Sea
,
and
a
very
great
part
also
by
Land
;
as
in
our
joynt
Conquests
in
Flanders
,
and
our
particular
ones
in
Lorain
.
I
shall
therefore
contract
my
pen
a
little
,
and
onely
give
you
a
Breviate
of
the
chiefest
Actions
,
remitting
the
Reader
to
the
more
ample
Histories
both
of
France
and
England
,
to
peruse
the
Relation
of
those
Victories
,
wherewith
Heaven
hath
blessed
this
Alliance
for
these
late
Years
past
:
In
which
the
mature
deliberations
and
good
Councels
do
more
concern
his
late
Highness
,
then
the
execution
of
those
gallant
Attempts
which
proceeded
from
them
;
although
in
truth
both
the
one
and
the
other
may
well
be
attributed
to
his
great
prudence
,
and
to
those
Blessings
which
it
hath
pleased
the
Almighty
to
shower
down
upon
his
admirable
good
fortune
,
of
which
take
some
few
Instances
.
Nor
shall
I
enlarge
upon
that
glorious
Victory
obtained
by
General
Mountegue
over
the
Spaniards
at
Sea
,
which
was
the
first
that
made
this
entrance
into
that
famous
War
,
and
gave
the
Spaniards
to
understand
,
that
it
would
cost
them
far
more
to
transport
their
Gold
from
the
Indies
to
Spain
,
then
to
dig
it
out
of
the
Mines
,
or
to
refine
it
:
The
ensuing
Poem
penned
by
one
of
the
most
exquisite
Wits
of
England
,
upon
that
subject
,
may
better
suffice
to
satisfie
the
Reader
of
the
gloriousness
of
the
Fact
,
and
the
shaming
Stile
which
it
is
described
by
,
is
more
proper
to
express
this
Heroick
Action
,
then
my
low
and
unpolished
Prose
,
which
might
haply
obscure
and
detract
from
the
lustre
and
splendor
of
so
brave
an
Exploit
;
wherefore
I
have
thought
fit
to
insert
the
Poem
it self
.
Upon
the
present
War
with
Spain
,
and
the
first
Victory
obtained
at
Sea
.
Now
for
some
Ages
had
the
pride
of
Spain
,
Made
the
Sun
shine
on
half
the
World
in
vain
;
While
she
bid
War
,
to
all
that
durst
supply
The
place
of
those
,
her
Cruelty
made
dye
.
Of
Nature's
Bounty
men
forbare
totaste
,
And
the
best
Portion
of
the
Earth
lay
waste
.
From
the
New
World
,
her
Silver
and
her
Gold
;
Came
like
a
Tempest
,
to
confound
the
Old
.
Feeding
with
these
the
brib'd
Elector's
Hopes
,
She
made
at
pleasure
Emperors
and
Popes
:
With
these
,
advancing
her
unjust
Designs
,
Europe
was
shaken
with
her
Indian
Mines
.
When
our
Protector
looking
with
disdain
Vpon
this
gilded
Majesty
of
Spain
;
And
knowing
well
that
Empire
must
decline
,
Whose
chief
support
,
and
sinews
,
are
of
Coyn
:
Our
Nation
's
sollid
vertue
,
did
oppose
To
the
rich
Troublers
of
the
World's
repose
.
And
now
some
moneths
encamping
on
the
Main
,
Our
Naval
Army
had
besieged
Spain
.
They
that
the
whole
Worlds
Monarchy
design'd
,
Are
to
their
Ports
by
our
bold
Fleet
confin'd
:
From
whence
our
Red
Cross
they
triumphant
see
,
Riding
without
a
Rival
on
the
Sea
.
Others
may
use
the
Ocean
as
their
road
,
Onely
the
English
make
it
their
abode
:
Whose
ready
Sails
with
every
Winde
can
flie
,
And
make
a
covenant
with
th'
unconstant
Skie
.
Our
Oaks
secure
,
as
if
they
there
took
root
;
We
tread
on
Billows
with
a
steady
foot
.
Mean
while
the
Spaniards
in
America
,
Near
to
the
Line
,
the
Sun
approaching
saw
;
And
hop'd
their
European
Coasts
to
find
Clear'd
from
our
ships
,
by
the
Autumnal
Winde
.
Their
huge
capacious
Gallions
stuft
with
Plate
,
The
laboring
winds
drives
slowly
towards
their
fate
.
Before
Saint
Lucar
they
their
Guns
discharge
,
To
tell
their
Joy
,
or
to
invite
a
Barge
.
This
heard
some
Ships
of
ours
,
though
out
of
view
,
As
swift
as
Eagles
to
the
quarry
flew
.
So
heedless
Lambs
which
for
their
mothers
bleat
,
Wake
hungry
Lions
,
and
become
their
meat
.
Arriv'd
,
they
soon
begin
that
Tragick
play
,
And
with
their
smoakie
Cannon
banish
day
:
Night
,
horror
,
slaughter
,
with
confusion
meets
,
And
in
their
sable
Arms
imbrace
the
Fleets
.
Through
yielding
Planks
the
angry
Bullets
fly
,
And
of
one
Wound
hundreds
together
dye
.
Born
under
different
Stars
,
one
Fate
they
have
,
The
Ship
their
Coffin
,
and
the
Sea
their
Grave
.
Bold
were
the
men
,
which
on
the
Ocean
first
Spread
their
new
Sails
,
whilst
shipwrack
was
the
worst
,
More
danger
now
from
men
alone
we
find
,
Then
from
the
Rocks
,
the
Billows
,
or
the
Wind.
They
that
had
sail'd
from
near
th'
Anartick
Pole
,
Their
Treasure
safe
,
and
all
their
Vessels
whole
;
In
sight
of
their
dear
Countrey
ruin'd
be
,
Without
the
guilt
of
either
Rock
or
Sea
.
What
they
would
spare
,
our
fiercer
Art
destroyes
,
Excelling
storms
,
in
terror
and
in
noise
.
Once
Jove
from
Hyda
did
both
Hoasts
survey
,
And
when
he
pleas'd
to
Thunder
,
part
the
Fray
:
Here
Heaven
in
vain
that
kinde
Retreat
should
sound
,
The
louder
Canon
had
the
thunder
drown'd
.
Some
we
made
Prize
while
others
burnt
&
rent
,
With
their
rich
Lading
to
the
bottom
went
.
Down
sinks
at
once
(
so
Fortune
with
us
sports
)
The
Pay
of
Armies
,
and
the
Pride
of
Courts
.
Vain
man
,
whose
rage
buries
as
low
that
store
,
As
Avarice
had
digg'd
for
it
before
.
What
Earth
in
her
dark
bowels
could
not
keep
From
greedy
hands
,
lies
safer
in
the
Deep
:
Where
Thetis
kindly
doth
from
mortals
hide
,
Those
seeds
of
Luxury
,
Debate
,
and
Pride
.
And
now
into
her
lap
the
richest
Prize
Fell
,
with
the
Noblest
of
our
Enemies
.
The
Marquis
glad
to
see
the
fire
destroy
Wealth
,
that
prevailing
Foes
were
to
enjoy
:
Out
from
his
flaming
Ship
his
Children
sent
,
To
perish
in
a
milder
Element
.
Then
laid
him
by
his
burning
Ladies
side
,
And
since
he
could
not
save
her
,
with
her
dy'd
.
Spices
and
Gums
about
them
melting
fry
,
And
Phenix-like
,
in
that
rich
nest
they
dye
.
Death
bitter
is
,
for
what
we
leave
behinde
,
But
taking
with
us
,
all
we
love
,
is
kinde
.
What
could
he
more
then
hold
for
term
of
life
,
His
Indian
Treasure
,
and
his
more
priz'd
Wife
?
Alive
,
in
flames
of
equal
Love
,
they
burn'd
,
And
now
together
are
to
ashes
turn'd
.
Ashes
more
worth
,
then
all
their
Funerals
cost
,
Then
the
huge
Treasure
which
was
with
them
lost
.
These
dying
Lovers
,
and
their
floating
Sons
,
Suspend
the
Fight
,
and
silence
all
our
Guns
.
Beauty
and
Youth
,
about
to
perish
,
findes
Such
noble
pitty
in
brave
English
mindes
;
That
the
rich
Spoil
neglecting
,
and
the
Prize
,
All
labour
now
to
save
their
Enemies
.
How
frail
our
Passion
's
?
how
soon
changed
are
Our
wrath
and
fury
to
a
friendly
care
?
They
that
but
now
to
gain
the
Spanish
Plate
,
Made
the
Sea
blush
with
Blood
,
forget
their
Hate
;
And
their
young
Foes
,
while
sinking
,
they
retrive
,
With
greater
danger
then
they
fought
,
they
dive
.
With
these
returns
Victorious
Mountague
,
With
Laurel
in
his
hands
,
and
half
Perue
.
Let
the
brave
General
divide
that
bough
,
Our
great
Protector
hath
such
Wreaths
enough
.
His
conquering
Head
hath
no
more
room
for
Bayes
,
Then
let
it
be
as
the
whole
Nation
prayes
:
Let
the
rich
Oare
forthwith
be
melted
down
,
And
the
State
fixt
,
by
making
him
a
Crown
:
With
Ermins
clad
,
and
Purple
;
let
him
hold
A
Royal
Scepter
,
made
of
Spanish
Gold
.
Take
the
particulars
of
the
Fight
briefly
thus
:
The
Spaniards
were
seven
in
number
,
richly
laden
,
about
nine
Leagues
from
Cadiz
,
coming
from
the
West
Indies
;
one
whereof
was
burnt
another
sunk
,
two
run
aground
,
two
were
taken
,
one
got
away
,
with
a
Portugal
Prize
.
In
the
ship
that
was
burnt
was
the
Marquis
of
Badex
,
his
Wife
,
and
one
Daughter
.
In
one
of
the
ships
taken
,
was
the
young
Marquis
his
Brother
,
and
another
Sister
,
who
was
set
on
shore
in
Spain
.
The
two
Brothers
were
brought
to
England
with
a
great
deal
of
wealth
.
Sancta
Cruza
,
in
the
Island
of
Teneriff
,
on
the
twentieth
day
of
April
,
1657.
was
none
of
the
least
;
in
which
Port
there
was
sixteen
great
Vessels
burnt
and
sunk
by
the
English
;
and
the
Spaniards
Forts
and
Castles
of
the
Isle
,
amidst
which
there
were
five
or
six
great
Gallions
,
the
Admiral
,
Vice-Admiral
,
and
Rere-Admiral
,
the
greatest
part
whereof
were
mounted
with
Brass
Ordnance
,
and
laden
some
with
rich
merchandizes
from
the
Indies
,
and
the
others
with
provisions
and
other
manufactures
to
be
transported
thither
,
equipied
in
ample
manner
both
with
Soldiers
and
Mariners
.
All
which
having
their
Flags
,
Ensignes
,
and
Streamers
flying
,
were
set
upon
by
the
English
,
who
in
less
then
four
hours
time
destroyed
them
all
without
the
loss
of
above
sixty
men
;
the
greatest
part
of
which
were
killed
by
the
Musquet
shot
which
played
from
the
shoar
:
But
in
lieu
of
them
,
the
English
with
their
Cannon
killed
a
great
number
of
the
Spaniards
in
their
Breast-works
and
Forts
.
Wherefore
his
late
Highness
who
never
recompensed
vertuous
and
magnanimous
actions
which
bare
praise
,
sent
a
civil
Letter
of
thanks
to
General
Blake
,
with
a
Diamond
Ring
valued
at
five
hundred
pounds
,
and
gave
the
Captain
that
brought
the
news
one
hundred
pound
for
a
present
.
Moreover
,
according
to
his
accustomed
Piety
,
be
ordained
a
day
of
publick
Prayer
and
Thanksgiving
to
be
set
apart
,
to
return
all
Thanks
,
Acknowledgements
,
Praise
,
and
Glory
to
the
Almighty
,
for
this
so
happy
and
signal
a
success
;
and
to
supplicate
his
Divine
Bounty
to
bestow
frequent
and
like
Blessings
upon
the
English
Armadoes
and
Land
Forces
.
But
the
Sea
being
a
Theater
or
Stage
too
unstable
for
so
settled
a
valour
and
constant
aFortune
,
the
traces
and
marks
which
she
receives
of
Combates
and
Victories
are
too
soon
worn
out
,
and
scare
leave
unto
History
,
and
to
the
memory
of
men
,
wherewith
to
raise
Monuments
,
erect
Triumphs
,
and
to
transmit
unto
posterity
the
truth
of
things
;
and
although
that
vertue
be
the
more
glorious
,
by
how
much
the
greater
dangers
it
assails
and
surmounts
;
yet
however
,
as
a
flight
is
more
easily
made
by
Sea
then
by
Land
,
where
seldome
men
fight
at
hand-blows
,
we
have
reason
to
give
the
first
praise
and
honour
to
that
Element
which
first
brought
us
forth
,
and
whence
we
reap
the
most
beneficial
necessaries
towards
our
subsistence
.
In
like
manner
,
his
late
Highness's
solid
policy
was
imployed
on
such
solid
foundations
where
it
might
lay
deep
rooting
,
and
spread
its
large
branches
far
and
near
without
the
apprehension
of
being
sapped
or
dug
up
.
John
Reynolds
.
The
French
therefore
being
desirous
to
be
revenged
for
their
ill
success
at
Valenchenes
,
resolved
the
next
summer
to
assault
Montmedy
,
a
strong
Frontier
seated
upon
a
Rock
;
but
being
not
strong
enough
to
keep
the
Spaniards
in
play
in
Flanders
,
they
separated
part
of
their
Army
to
prosecute
the
said
siege
;
and
the
English
began
to
make
their
first
landing
in
Flanders
,
Sir
John
Reynolds
was
chosen
by
his
late
Highness
to
command
the
Body
of
the
English
Forces
,
consisting
in
six
thousand
Foot
,
who
happily
landed
in
Picardy
about
the
latter
end
of
May.
And
that
it
may
not
seem
to
be
a
digression
from
my
subject
,
I
shall
omit
the
particularizing
of
the
siege
,
and
the
taking
of
Montmedy
,
and
shall
onely
tell
you
,
that
the
Marshal
De
la
Ferte
,
who
carried
on
that
siege
,
was
not
at
all
incommodated
by
the
Enemy
from
without
,
during
the
whole
siege
;
nor
durst
the
Spaniard
ever
set
upon
the
French
Army
,
thereby
to
attempt
the
relief
of
that
place
.
And
although
it
would
be
a
piece
of
injustice
to
dispoil
that
war-like
nation
of
their
glory
,
yet
all
men
know
that
their
Army
wanted
Foot
extreamly
that
Summer
;
but
the
English
foot
(
which
we
must
confess
is
the
best
in
all
Europe
)
being
joyned
to
their
Cavalrie
,
(
which
also
excel
all
others
)
there
had
not
a
more
resolute
and
gallant
Army
been
seen
in
France
for
many
years
together
.
About
two
of
the
Clock
in
the
afternoon
,
his
Highness
met
the
Parliament
in
the
Painted
Chamber
,
and
passed
such
Bills
as
were
presented
to
him
;
after
which
they
went
in
order
to
the
place
appointed
in
Westminster-Hall
:
his
Highness
being
entred
on
the
place
,
and
standing
under
the
Cloath
of
State
,
Mr.
Speaker
did
in
the
Name
of
the
Parliament
,
present
several
things
which
lay
ready
on
the
Table
,
unto
his
Highness
,
viz.
A
Robe
of
Purple
Velvet
,
lined
with
Ermines
,
being
the
habit
,
anciently
used
at
the
solemn
Investure
of
Princes
;
next
a
large
Bible
richly
Gilt
and
Bossed
;
and
lastly
a
Scepter
of
massie
Gold
;
which
being
thus
presented
,
Mr.
Speaker
came
from
his
Chair
,
took
the
Robe
and
therewith
vested
his
Highness
,
being
assisted
by
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
the
Lord
Whitlock
,
and
by
others
;
which
being
done
,
the
Bible
was
delivered
to
his
Highness
;
after
which
Mr.
Speaker
girt
about
him
the
Sword
;
and
finally
delivered
his
Highness
the
Scepter
;
which
being
thus
performed
,
Mr.
Speaker
returned
to
his
Chair
,
and
administred
the
Oath
to
his
Highness
which
had
been
prepared
by
the
Parliament
for
him
to
take
.
His
Highness
standing
thus
adorned
in
Princely
State
,
Mr.
Manton
,
by
prayer
recommended
his
Highness
Forces
by
Sea
and
Land
,
the
whole
Government
and
People
of
these
Nations
,
to
the
blessing
and
protection
of
God
Almighty
.
After
which
,
the
people
gave
several
shouts
,
and
the
Trumpets
sounding
,
his
Highness
sate
down
in
the
Chair
of
State
,
holding
the
Scepter
in
his
hand
;
and
whilst
his
Highness
thus
sate
,
a
Herald
of
Arms
stood
aloft
,
making
a
signal
to
a
Trumpet
to
sound
three
times
;
after
which
,
by
direction
and
Authority
of
Parliament
,
he
did
there
publish
and
proclaim
his
Highness
,
Oliver
Lord
Cromwel
,
Lord
Protector
of
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
,
and
the
Dominions
thereto
belonging
.
Hereupon
the
Trumpets
'
sounded
again
,
and
the
People
gave
several
Acclamations
,
with
loud
shouts
,
crying
,
God
save
the
Lord
Protector
.
After
a
little
pause
,
the
Ceremony
being
ended
,
his
Highness
saluting
the
Ambassadors
,
and
publick
Ministers
,
proceeded
thence
in
his
Princely
Habit
,
(
the
Train
whereof
was
borne
up
by
six
noble
persons
)
and
passed
through
the
Hall
into
the
Palace-yard
,
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
carrying
the
sword
before
him
,
where
his
Highness
entred
into
his
Coach
,
attended
by
his
Life-guards
and
Halberdeirs
;
the
Officers
of
State
;
the
Lord
Major
and
Aldermen
;
all
which
waited
on
his
Highness
back
to
White-Hall
;
the
whole
Ceremony
having
been
managed
with
State
and
Magnificence
,
suitable
to
so
high
and
happy
a
Solemnity
.
Moley
Moluch
that
Illustrious
King
of
Fess
,
who
at
the
Article
of
Death
,
caused
himself
to
be
carried
in
a
Litter
into
his
Camp
,
where
he
expired
in
the
middle
of
the
Battel
,
as
he
was
exhorting
his
Soldiers
,
and
gained
the
Victory
.
In
like
manner
dyed
General
Blake
in
the
midst
of
his
famous
Combats
and
Victories
,
regretted
by
all
England
;
and
his
late
Highness
,
who
had
alwayes
an
especial
care
to
cause
those
honours
to
be
rendred
to
such
great
persons
as
were
due
to
their
demerits
,
would
have
him
stately
interred
,
as
the
Earl
of
Essex
had
been
before
;
but
General
Blakes
body
was
onely
brought
with
a
Naval
Pomp
by
Water
in
State
on
the
Thames
from
Greenwich
to
Westminster
,
as
being
a
more
suitable
Ceremony
to
his
imployment
;
and
was
there
buried
in
Henry
the
Seventh's
famous
Chappel
.
Now
the
Spaniards
disgusted
at
the
firme
footing
the
English
had
both
gotten
and
kept
at
Mardike
,
conceiving
that
against
the
next
Henry
Cromwel
made
deputy
of
Ireland
.
And
deeming
that
he
could
not
more
justly
confer
the
eminent
dignities
of
the
Land
,
save
upon
those
who
together
with
their
blood
had
sucked
from
him
the
seeds
and
buds
both
of
Military
and
Politick
Vertues
;
he
created
his
younger
son
the
Lord
Henry
Cromwel
,
Lord
Deputy
of
Ireland
;
who
hath
alwayes
and
doth
still
behave
himself
with
so
much
conduct
and
applause
in
this
so
eminent
a
charge
,
as
that
envy
it self
is
constrained
to
confess
,
that
his
Fathers
wisdome
could
not
have
made
a
better
choice
.
Much
about
this
time
the
Officers
at
Mardike
,
in
whose
breasts
the
rigour
of
the
winter
did
onely
excite
the
heat
of
those
designs
which
they
had
conceived
in
their
souls
,
being
desirous
to
imploy
part
of
that
unprofitable
season
to
concourse
and
consult
that
Oracle
of
Prudence
,
who
by
the
conduct
of
their
Heroick
Projects
did
inspire
into
them
the
vertue
and
efficacy
to
compass
their
designs
,
and
to
surmount
even
the
greatest
difficulties
;
Sir
John
Reynolds
,
I
say
,
John
Reynolds
and
others
drowned
.
Commander
in
chief
,
Collonel
White
,
and
some
other
Officers
,
being
impatient
to
enjoy
the
happiness
of
seeing
and
consulting
his
Highness
,
embarqued
at
Mardike
for
England
;
but
the
mischance
was
,
that
being
assailed
by
a
tempest
,
they
were
unfortunately
cast
away
upon
the
Goodwin
Sands
,
and
so
frustrated
all
the
world
of
the
expectations
of
those
fair
hopes
which
were
conceived
of
their
valours
,
and
of
so
fortunate
beginnings
.
On
the
fourth
day
of
the
moneth
of
February
then
next
ensuing
,
his
late
Highness
repaired
to
the
Lords
House
then
in
Parliament
,
and
having
sent
notice
thereof
to
the
House
of
Commons
by
the
Keeper
of
the
Black-Rod
,
the
Speaker
with
the
Members
came
to
the
Lords
House
,
where
standing
without
the
Bar
,
and
his
Highness
within
under
a
Cloath
of
State
,
being
animated
with
his
wonted
vigour
and
resolution
,
succinctly
told
them
without
many
preambles
,
Nor
was
this
precaution
or
forewarning
of
his
late
Highness
without
some
grounds
or
foundation
;
On
the
second
day
of
the
moneth
of
June
then
next
ensuing
,
there
arrived
a
strange
accident
on
The
English
Foot
drawn
up
into
four
great
Battalions
,
and
led
on
by
his
Excellency
the
Lord
Ambassador
and
General
Lockhart
,
gave
the
first
on-set
upon
five
great
Battalions
of
the
Spanish
Foot
placed
very
advantagiously
on
three
high
and
great
Downs
,
feconded
by
Don
John
of
Austria
himself
,
and
the
best
of
the
Spanish
and
Condean
Forces
,
which
they
had
purposely
opposed
unto
the
English
,
conceiving
them
to
have
been
as
yet
Novices
in
the
manner
of
waging
War
beyond
Seas
,
and
that
for
want
of
Discipline
and
Conduct
they
would
soon
have
been
routed
and
disordered
:
But
they
were
suddenly
deceived
in
their
expectations
,
and
found
that
they
had
to
deal
with
persons
of
courage
and
resolution
,
who
as
well
in
the
Military
Discipline
,
as
in
the
Art
of
Courtship
,
became
perfect
and
absolue
Masters
even
during
their
first
years
of
Apprenticeship
;
wherefore
it
was
not
without
reason
the
Ancients
did
alwayes
joyn
Mars
and
Venus
together
,
since
towards
the
doing
of
gallant
Actions
,
it
is
sufficient
to
be
passionate
and
resolute
at
the
very
entering
into
the
Lists
of
either
of
these
Divinities
.
The
English
therefore
assailing
the
Spaniards
in
their
advantageous
stand
as
aforesaid
,
in
the
high
Downs
,
did
themselves
alone
severall
times
charge
them
,
and
sustained
both
the
burnt
of
their
Horse
and
Foot
,
without
ever
being
seconded
or
relieved
by
the
French
;
who
were
so
confident
of
their
Resolution
and
Valour
,
as
that
they
would
not
seem
to
intrench
upon
their
Honour
;
besides
that
,
they
were
loath
to
change
their
Stands
,
least
thereby
they
might
bring
themselves
into
a
disorder
:
Henry
Jones
,
who
at
first
charged
with
Lieutenant
Collonel
Fenwick
on
foot
,
afterwards
on
Horseback
,
when
as
engaging
too
far
,
he
was
taken
prisoner
,
but
was
afterwards
exchanged
;
and
by
his
late
Highness
at
his
return
into
England
,
made
Knight
and
Baronet
.
Divers
others
did
gallantly
,
who
doubtless
will
not
be
forgotten
in
the
English
Annals
,
and
would
be
too
large
to
be
expressed
in
this
Epitome
relating
onely
to
his
Highness
.
The
Spaniards
had
at
first
resolved
to
have
given
no
English
man
quarter
,
but
the
fortune
of
the
day
made
them
glad
to
seek
to
the
English
for
quarter
themselves
;
and
it
was
well
they
could
have
it
given
them
,
although
the
English
were
generous
enough
to
have
spared
their
Lives
,
had
not
the
zeal
of
overcoming
,
and
their
resolutions
to
perfect
the
Victory
,
taken
up
all
their
care
and
passions
.
Finally
,
the
Spanish
Foot
being
totally
routed
,
and
coming
to
surrender
themselves
to
the
English
in
whole
troops
,
the
English
mistrusting
they
had
some
other
intentions
and
stratagem
thereby
,
neither
understanding
their
Language
nor
designe
,
continued
charging
them
,
and
enforced
them
to
seek
quarter
elsewhere
,
preferring
the
gaining
of
the
Victory
to
their
own
particular
interests
;
and
so
reaped
an
intire
glory
in
their
despising
and
rejecting
several
prisoners
of
quality
,
who
profered
themselves
to
them
,
and
for
the
which
they
might
have
had
considerable
ransoms
.
And
in
the
gaining
of
those
high
Downs
on
which
the
Spaniards
were
placed
,
the
English
behaved
themselves
with
so
much
gallantry
and
resolution
,
as
that
envy
and
malice
raised
a
report
amidst
the
jealous
and
their
Corivals
,
that
it
savoured
more
of
a
piece
of
rashness
then
of
a
true
valour
;
as
if
Soldiers
could
possibly
with
too
much
zeal
and
readiness
performe
those
Commands
which
are
given
them
.
To
be
brief
,
the
victory
wholly
declared
it self
for
the
English
and
for
the
French
,
and
the
whole
Spanish
Army
was
quite
discomfited
and
pursued
to
the
very
Gates
of
Fuernes
,
with
the
loss
of
three
thousand
five
hundred
men
,
two
thousand
whereof
were
killed
on
the
place
of
Suydcote
,
a
Village
seated
in
the
Downs
between
Dunkirk
and
Fuernes
;
and
the
rest
were
taken
prisoners
,
and
the
whole
Army
dissipated
and
disordered
:
which
defeat
having
quite
disheartned
the
besieged
,
and
depriving
them
of
all
hopes
of
relief
,
besides
their
Govornour
the
Marquis
De
Leda
being
mortally
wounded
by
two
hand
Granadoes
as
he
defended
the
false
bray
,
and
of
which
wounds
he
dyed
,
constrained
them
to
beat
a
Parley
fourteen
dayes
afterwards
,
and
to
surrender
the
place
on
the
fifteenth
of
July
1658.
after
the
one
and
twentieth
day
of
the
opening
of
the
Approaches
.
But
it
would
be
too
great
a
conquest
to
pretend
joyntly
to
overcome
both
the
Consciences
of
men
and
their
Town
to
boot
;
the
first
is
Gods
due
,
and
the
other
Caesars
.
And
we
may
observe
in
Alexander
the
Great
,
whensoever
his
Forces
became
Master
sof
any
place
,
he
would
alwayes
sacrifice
to
the
Gods
of
the
Countrey
;
thereby
to
gain
the
Inhabitants
hearts
,
and
to
induce
their
Gods
to
become
propitious
to
him
.
Numa
Pompilius
was
a
King
before
he
was
a
Priest
,
and
although
the
Almighty
hath
imprinted
in
all
men
a
particular
inclination
to
adore
him
,
yet
however
as
concerning
the
manner
of
worshipping
him
,
Policy
alwayes
preceded
Religion
,
and
ever
kept
the
upper
hand
over
her
as
much
as
she
possibly
could
.
King
Henry
the
Fourth
of
France
was
a
Protestant
whilst
he
had
overcome
his
Enemies
,
but
as
soon
as
he
was
settled
in
the
Throne
,
and
that
he
was
to
Reign
as
King
,
he
seemingly
returned
Papist
,
and
said
,
That
the
Kingdome
of
France
and
City
of
Paris
was
worth
a
going
to
Mass
.
But
when
as
superstitious
and
zealous
spirits
counselled
him
to
prosecute
and
pursue
the
Protestants
,
he
answered
,
That
so
long
as
they
remained
faithful
and
true
to
him
,
and
continued
to
stand
by
and
serve
him
as
they
were
wont
,
he
would
be
as
much
a
Father
and
Protector
unto
him
,
as
unto
the
rest
of
his
good
Subjects
.
These
Maximes
are
general
and
common
,
and
admit
of
no
distinctions
save
in
Schools
;
nor
need
the
Spaniards
with
all
their
Hypocrisie
and
Pious
malice
to
doubt
,
but
that
France
and
England
understanding
each
other
well
enough
,
and
that
the
English
themselves
are
prudent
enough
to
avoid
that
which
may
prejudice
them
,
and
to
tollerate
whatsoever
may
advance
and
further
their
conquests
,
and
beget
a
love
and
esteem
of
their
government
.
But
to
return
to
our
former
subject
again
,
as
we
have
oft
before
alledged
,
the
joyes
of
this
World
are
alwayes
for
the
most
part
mingled
with
some
allayes
of
sorrow
;
the
Almighty
being
willing
to
keep
us
mindful
that
there
are
no
perfect
felicities
to
be
enjoyed
here
on
earth
;
and
that
its
onely
in
heaven
we
are
to
expect
an
intire
and
perpetual
Contentment
and
Bliss
.
Wherefore
the
Laurels
of
the
Victory
obtained
against
the
Spaniards
,
and
of
the
taking
of
the
Town
of
Dunkirk
,
were
soon
withered
,
and
the
joyes
abated
,
by
the
interposing
of
the
Cypress-tree
which
death
planted
upon
the
Tomb
of
the
Illustrious
and
most
generous
Lady
Cleypoll
,
second
Daughter
to
his
late
Highness
;
As
Physicians
do
agree
that
extreme
Joy
causeth
Death
as
well
as
excessive
Grief
,
so
may
we
likewise
say
,
That
both
these
violent
Passions
united
together
,
must
needs
destroy
the
strongest
person
on
earth
;
and
that
the
Conflict
which
they
produce
in
a
Soul
,
is
capable
to
turn
the
edge
of
the
keenest
weapons
which
are
opposed
to
their
resistance
,
and
to
make
the
fairest
champain
Field
become
a
parched
barren
plat
of
Ground
.
But
what
need
we
to
seek
external
Causes
in
a
Death
which
brought
along
such
violent
ones
with
it
,
a
Cardinal
of
Richelieu
,
who
was
one
of
the
best
Tempers
and
Constitutions
in
the
world
,
did
fall
under
the
burthen
of
the
Anxieties
and
Agitations
of
the
Mind
.
The
scabbard
(
as
the
Proverb
saith
)
being
worn
out
by
the
sharpness
of
the
blade
,
must
of
necessity
finde
a
vent
:
And
how
could
it
otherwise
chuse
,
that
a
Man
who
for
the
space
of
ten
or
twelve
years
together
had
opposed
himself
to
all
the
Injuries
both
of
Time
and
of
War
,
should
not
at
length
fall
under
the
activeness
of
a
soul
which
seldom
gave
him
any
rest
,
which
governed
and
directed
the
Reins
of
three
restive
Kingdoms
,
unaccustomed
to
the
noble
and
famous
Trappings
of
a
Military
Government
;
and
who
moreover
was
to
direct
and
guide
the
Consciences
as
well
as
the
Bodies
of
Men
,
and
their
Reasons
as
well
as
their
Wills
.
It
had
not
been
considerable
had
the
Interest
of
England
onely
required
that
his
Cares
had
been
limitted
within
the
Pales
which
the
Sea
prescribes
to
her
Precincts
;
But
as
the
cause
of
the
Disease
was
from
abroad
,
and
that
from
the
Closets
of
the
Escurial
,
the
Spaniards
had
imployed
their
false
Piety
as
well
as
their
Peru
Gold
,
to
discover
and
molest
the
repose
of
England
;
so
fire
and
flame
was
to
be
applied
without
,
and
it
was
necessary
to
penetrate
into
the
very
secret
causes
of
the
evils
.
The
People
of
the
Cities
of
the
Continent
were
to
be
disabused
,
and
the
Soldiery
were
to
be
overcome
in
open
field
.
The
Mines
of
Mexico
were
to
be
looked
into
,
and
the
extent
of
that
Ambition
was
to
be
curtailed
,
which
boasts
it self
both
to
see
the
Sun
set
and
rise
.
These
were
vaste
imployments
indeed
of
a
large
activity
,
to
run
through
these
undertakings
,
the
fervor
of
them
was
scorching
;
and
although
the
Heavens
did
second
these
lawful
Designes
with
all
its
Graces
,
yet
it
could
not
without
a
Miracle
,
and
without
destroying
the
secondary
Causes
,
hinder
the
separation
of
a
Soul
from
a
Body
which
it
had
so
often
employed
,
and
so
efficaciously
seconded
the
grand
Affairs
both
of
State
and
War
for
the
Peace
,
Glory
,
and
Tranquillity
of
three
Nations
.
Wherefore
Nature
it self
did
witness
her
grief
some
two
or
three
dayes
before
,
by
an
extraordinary
Tempest
and
violent
gust
of
weather
;
insomuch
that
it
might
have
been
supposed
,
that
her self
had
been
ready
to
dissolve
;
or
that
the
Master-piece
of
Nature
suffered
a
violent
agitation
.
And
as
the
Death
of
the
Sun
of
Righteousness
was
foretold
by
an
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
,
which
covered
the
surface
of
the
whole
Earth
with
Darkness
:
In
like
manner
,
at
the
death
of
the
People
of
Englands
Hercules
,
both
Force
and
Nature
were
let
loose
to
shake
the
very
Elements
;
and
by
the
reuniting
of
their
violence
,
like
unto
those
who
are
ready
to
give
up
the
Ghost
,
to
leave
some
marks
of
an
extream
dissolution
;
all
which
is
so
lively
set
forth
by
the
quaintest
Wit
of
these
times
,
as
that
I
shall
not
inlarge
any
further
upon
this
observation
,
E.
Waller
.
but
shall
onely
content
my self
to
repeat
unto
you
his
Verses
,
who
expresseth
it
more
elegantly
and
copiously
then
my
rough
Prose
can
possibly
reach
to
.
Upon
the
late
Storm
,
and
his
Highness
death
ensuing
the
same
.
We
must
resign
,
Heaven
his
great
soul
doth
claim
,
In
Storms
as
loud
as
his
immortal
fame
.
His
dying
groans
,
his
last
breath
shakes
our
Isle
,
And
Trees
uncut
fall
for
his
Funeral
Pile
;
About
his
Palace
there
broad
roots
were
tost
,
Into
the
Air
,
so
Romulus
was
lost
.
New
Rome
in
such
a
tempest
mist
their
King
,
And
from
obeying
fell
to
worshipping
.
On
Aetna's
top
,
thus
Hercules
lay
dead
,
With
ruin'
Oaks
and
Pines
about
him
spread
;
Those
his
last
fury
from
the
Mountain
rent
,
Our
dying
Hero
from
the
continent
.
Ravish
whole
Towns
and
Forts
from
Spaniards
reft
,
As
his
last
Legacy
to
Brittain
left
.
The
Ocean
which
so
long
our
hopes
confin'd
Could
give
no
limits
to
his
vaster
minde
:
Our
bounds
inlargement
was
his
latest
toil
,
Nor
hath
he
left
us
Prisoners
to
our
Isle
.
Vnder
the
Tropick
is
our
Language
spoke
,
And
port
of
Flanders
hath
receiv'd
our
Yoke
,
From
Civil
Broyls
he
did
us
disingage
,
Found
nobler
objects
for
our
Martial
rage
;
And
with
wise
conduct
to
his
Countrey
shew'd
,
Their
ancient
way
of
conquering
abroad
.
Vngrateful
then
it
were
no
tears
allow
,
To
him
that
gave
us
peace
and
Empire
too
:
Princes
that
fear'd
him
grieve
concern'd
to
see
,
No
Pitch
of
glory
from
the
Grave
is
free
.
Nature
her self
took
notice
of
his
death
,
And
sighing
swell'd
the
Sea
with
such
a
breath
;
That
to
remotest
shores
her
billows
rould
,
The
approaching
fate
of
their
Great
Ruler
told
.
And
truly
I
had
need
of
all
Parnassus
his
art
to
sweeten
and
mollifie
the
bitterness
of
this
death
,
which
causeth
my
pen
to
fall
to
the
ground
,
and
would
cast
up
my
Muse
into
a
pittiful
swound
,
did
not
all
the
rest
of
the
Muses
come
to
her
aid
,
and
sprinkle
her
with
some
of
that
divine
Water
which
nourisheth
her
,
to
make
her
revive
again
,
and
to
restore
her
to
her
strength
,
to
announce
to
posterity
the
time
,
the
day
,
and
the
manner
when
and
how
his
late
Highness
our
great
Oliver
breathed
his
last
.
After
his
late
Highness
had
therefore
been
sick
about
a
fortnight
of
a
Disease
which
at
the
beginning
was
but
an
Ague
,
on
a
Friday
being
the
third
of
September
1658.
in
the
Morning
,
he
gave
all
the
signs
of
a
dying
person
,
and
for
whom
the
Physicians
had
onely
Vows
and
Prayers
in
reserve
:
However
,
he
remained
in
that
manner
till
about
three
of
the
Clock
in
the
afternoon
,
when
as
his
Soul
which
had
alwayes
retained
the
upper
hand
of
his
Body
,
preserved
her
Empire
till
the
last
moment
;
he
had
alwayes
his
wits
about
him
,
and
his
perfect
and
intire
understanding
,
and
continued
to
deliver
those
Oracles
which
were
necessary
to
establish
,
after
so
great
a
loss
,
the
Peace
and
Tranquility
of
England
;
and
immediately
to
repair
the
ruines
which
so
dangerous
a
dissolution
had
threatned
the
State
withall
,
and
might
cause
in
the
mindes
of
every
particular
person
.
His
greatest
and
most
important
care
was
to
name
a
Protector
to
be
his
successor
,
which
he
did
with
Reasons
so
little
savouring
of
his
own
interests
and
worldly
concernments
,
as
that
he
testified
,
that
being
not
content
to
have
sacrificed
himself
for
the
common
good
by
the
shortning
of
his
dayes
,
he
was
willing
to
consecrate
his
Children
thereunto
,
by
the
lading
of
them
with
the
heavy
burden
of
those
weighty
mysteries
,
which
may
well
be
termed
a
Royal
and
Gilt
Servitude
.
Which
succession
was
so
necessary
to
the
Peace
and
Tranquility
of
the
State
,
that
the
Common-wealth
and
the
Elective
Kingdoms
are
constrained
to
imitate
it
;
and
the
successive
Monarchies
have
oftentimes
done
more
with
a
yong
Prince
in
a
Cradle
,
hung
betwixt
two
Trees
in
the
midst
of
their
Camp
,
then
they
would
have
done
by
the
Orders
and
the
Examples
of
the
most
expert
Captains
:
But
when
as
the
Age
,
Experience
,
and
Deserts
of
a
Son
do
unite
and
combine
in
the
Love
and
Memory
of
the
vertues
of
a
Father
,
what
shall
not
betide
so
wise
and
worthy
a
choice
?
and
what
shall
not
be
thence
expected
?
For
who
can
with
more
reason
hope
to
be
feared
,
loved
,
and
obeyed
by
a
whole
Nation
,
save
the
worthy
Heir
of
him
,
who
hath
rendred
them
so
formidable
,
and
who
hath
ruled
over
,
and
governed
them
so
tenderly
and
meekly
?
How
should
unavoidable
and
strange
changes
have
been
prevented
,
if
domestick
broils
had
not
been
shunned
?
and
whom
could
we
thave
better
met
with
the
resemblance
of
a
Father
,
who
never
had
his
equal
in
Prudence
,
Fortune
,
and
Valour
,
save
in
a
Son
?
Politicians
and
Nature
delight
in
the
diversifying
of
their
works
;
the
one
produceth
few
men
alike
,
and
the
other
delights
in
the
condemning
and
destroying
of
the
designs
of
those
who
have
preceded
them
,
to
the
end
,
that
they
may
thereby
shew
their
own
good
parts
,
and
rather
appear
Originals
then
Copies
.
After
the
giving
of
these
and
like
Orders
,
and
the
settling
of
the
most
important
Concernments
of
the
State
,
this
great
Personage
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
just
like
a
man
that
falls
asleep
through
the
toil
of
a
laborious
task
.
The
ensuing
night
was
serene
and
peaceful
,
like
unto
those
who
display
their
Sable
Veil
spangled
with
Stars
,
to
deck
and
wrap
up
the
Sun
after
its
long
and
serious
ardent
Course
.
He
died
in
the
midst
of
his
Victories
and
Triumphs
,
after
he
had
caused
all
the
fair
fruits
which
shall
be
reaped
for
ever
by
England
,
as
well
in
the
Continent
,
as
within
the
Circumference
of
its
Isles
,
to
bud
forth
into
Blossoms
and
Flowers
.
He
dyed
in
a
Bed
of
Bucklers
,
and
on
a
Pillow
of
Caskets
;
and
though
the
Wreaths
of
the
Imperial
Laurel
which
invironed
his
head
did
wither
at
the
Groans
of
his
Agony
,
it
was
onely
to
make
place
for
a
richer
Diadem
which
was
prepared
for
him
in
Heaven
;
and
which
must
needs
be
more
sumptuous
and
resplendent
,
in
that
it
is
ingrafted
upon
that
Christian
humility
wherewith
he
did
so
constantly
refuse
a
temporal
Crown
,
which
was
due
unto
his
deserts
,
and
which
was
profered
him
several
times
by
the
People
of
England
:
and
although
he
be
dead
,
yet
he
is
living
,
nay
,
triumphing
,
and
pronouncing
Oracles
to
his
very
last
Groans
,
most
clear
and
intellegible
Oracles
;
and
as
being
inspired
by
the
Spirit
of
the
God
of
Truth
,
he
dyed
like
a
second
Vespasian
,
who
even
on
his
Death-bed
continued
to
enlarge
the
Bounds
of
his
Empire
,
and
as
long
as
he
had
breath
,
ceased
not
to
dispatch
several
Businesses
of
consequence
;
answering
the
Physicians
who
reproved
him
,
as
the
Emperour
did
,
That
an
Emperour
ought
to
dye
standing
.
Truly
it
is
a
great
comfort
at
the
Article
of
death
,
to
dye
profitably
for
Heaven
,
and
for
the
good
of
ones
Countrey
.
But
before
we
close
his
Eyes
,
let
us
once
more
reflect
on
the
constancy
wherewith
he
expects
her
last
assaults
,
and
with
how
much
fear
and
trembling
this
inexorable
one
sets
upon
him
unarmed
,
and
resolved
to
yield
to
her
;
and
however
she
was
accustomed
to
cast
her
darts
before
him
,
yet
she
is
afraid
,
she
trembles
and
hides
her
treacherous
sythe
,
and
never
producing
it
till
she
sees
her
blow
sure
.
How
oftentimes
approaching
him
in
the
heat
of
Battels
,
armed
with
despair
and
horrour
,
was
she
constrained
to
turn
her
back
,
and
to
serve
him
for
an
Instrument
of
Victory
,
whom
she
was
resolved
to
have
laid
along
?
How
often
hath
she
been
seen
to
change
colour
,
and
to
embrace
the
weaker
party
,
to
the
end
she
might
shew
her
force
,
and
cut
down
a
greater
number
of
victimes
?
Self-Interest
is
then
made
this
insensible
one
grieve
for
those
which
she
had
rashly
slain
on
Olivers
side
,
she
lost
by
their
not
being
,
since
her
sacrifices
were
there
lessened
,
and
that
Olivers
Arm
alone
was
forced
often
to
supply
the
absence
of
his
companions
,
or
their
ill
fortunes
.
But
as
the
love
of
this
step-dame
was
false
,
so
likewise
was
it
converted
into
rage
as
soon
as
his
late
Highness
caused
Peace
to
succeed
War
,
and
that
he
outvied
this
furious
Hag
by
the
undaunted
courage
;
as
then
she
brake
off
all
intelligence
with
force
and
horrour
,
and
she
raised
up
from
Hell
all
the
malicious
and
subtil
Furies
,
both
Envy
and
Treason
came
to
her
relief
and
aid
;
and
by
a
sacrilegious
Spell
,
she
hath
sought
the
Blood
of
Christ
in
the
very
Sacrament
thereof
to
compose
her
Poyson
;
and
by
abominable
wit
chcrafts
she
sowed
sedition
in
the
Hearts
of
the
People
;
she
bewitched
the
Wise
,
she
blinded
the
Nobles
,
and
finally
she
therewith
coloured
and
cloaked
all
her
most
black
and
horrid
Designs
.
But
on
Oliver
his
late
Higness
,
she
could
never
fasten
her
baits
,
finding
him
alwayes
armed
with
that
Antidote
which
he
renewed
daily
on
the
same
Altars
whence
she
sucked
her
venom
.
He
alwayes
opposed
his
Wisdom
to
her
Craft
,
his
Justice
to
her
Violence
,
his
Prayers
to
her
Impieties
,
and
his
Clemency
to
her
Obstinacy
.
The
Tempest
invironed
him
on
all
sides
,
but
he
was
in
the
Ark
;
his
Enemies
set
upon
him
whilest
he
was
asleep
,
but
the
Character
of
God
which
was
imprinted
in
his
Forehead
,
caused
the
Sword
to
fall
out
of
their
hands
;
and
Goliah
with
his
Legions
of
Philistines
fell
down
at
the
sole
report
of
his
Sling
.
Finally
,
God
hath
made
him
to
pass
safe
through
the
lifted
up
Waves
of
his
Enemies
,
in
which
themselves
were
drowned
;
and
in
case
the
Sea
did
prove
Red
,
God
be
praised
it
was
not
by
his
Blood
,
nor
by
the
stains
of
his
Soul
which
abhorred
all
kinde
of
Cruelty
.
For
if
the
Pardons
which
he
granted
were
put
in
an
equal
balance
with
the
Deaths
which
happened
during
the
time
wherein
his
Power
was
as
yet
but
limitted
,
it
would
be
found
,
that
he
did
not
alwayes
give
ear
to
the
prudent
Politician
,
to
abandon
himself
from
the
meekness
and
generosity
of
his
natural
inclinations
.
Those
who
shall
read
the
Histories
of
such
like
Revolutions
as
these
,
will
finde
that
they
never
attained
to
so
high
a
pitch
of
Grandor
,
by
such
meek
and
merciful
means
,
and
so
void
of
passion
.
Wherefore
his
peaceable
and
natural
Death
hath
been
also
a
Reward
for
his
so
great
a
Moderation
;
nor
can
any
one
doubt
but
Heaven
hath
had
a
particular
care
of
that
life
,
which
hath
been
so
often
attempted
and
so
desperately
assaulted
:
Not
but
that
he
would
happily
have
rather
chosen
to
have
dyed
with
his
Sword
in
his
hand
,
for
the
Glory
of
God
and
the
Defence
of
his
Countrey
,
as
better
befitting
his
Warlike
humor
and
Men
of
Courage
,
but
Heaven
had
otherwise
evidenced
its
Miracles
in
his
preservation
.
Nor
had
our
Champion
had
the
glory
to
have
wrestled
with
this
powerful
Enemy
upon
unequal
terms
,
and
in
an
estate
wherein
the
imbecillity
of
the
Spirit
hath
no
other
relief
but
that
of
Grace
and
Reason
:
This
his
preservation
was
also
an
effect
of
his
Prayers
,
which
he
had
chosen
with
a
great
deal
of
prudence
out
of
the
holy
Writs
.
He
caused
one
of
his
Gentlemen
often
to
read
the
tenth
Chapter
of
Matthew's
Gospel
;
and
twice
a
day
himself
rehearsed
the
71.
Psalm
of
David
,
which
hath
so
near
a
relation
to
his
Fortune
and
to
his
Affairs
,
as
that
one
would
believe
it
had
been
a
Prophesie
purposely
dictated
by
the
holy
Ghost
for
him
;
or
else
that
this
great
Personage
was
a
Mortal
Figure
of
that
great
Favourite
of
God
,
who
hath
done
so
many
marvellous
things
with
such
slender
beginnings
,
passing
through
so
many
obstacles
,
difficulties
,
and
dangers
:
so
likewise
was
it
very
just
,
that
he
should
enter
into
the
eternal
Rest
on
the
like
day
wherein
he
had
undergone
such
great
and
glorious
Labours
and
Dangers
;
and
that
he
should
triumph
over
Death
even
in
his
weakness
,
at
the
like
time
wherein
he
had
overcome
her
at
her
fullest
strength
and
greatest
advantages
.
This
conformity
happened
unto
him
as
well
as
to
several
other
great
Personages
of
the
Earth
,
but
by
such
observable
and
reiterated
notable
actions
,
as
that
it
is
void
of
all
doubt
but
the
Heavens
had
foretold
by
the
Stars
(
which
are
the
Looking-glasses
and
Rule
of
all
famous
Mens
Lives
)
the
Events
of
our
glorious
Protectors
successes
.
To
instance
in
some
,
Alexander
the
Great
was
born
on
the
sixth
day
of
April
,
on
the
like
day
the
famous
Temple
of
Diana
at
Ephesus
was
burnt
,
presaging
that
fire
which
this
Conqueror
should
kindle
in
Asia
.
On
a
sixth
day
of
April
he
overcame
Darius
King
of
Persia
in
a
Battle
;
and
on
the
like
day
he
departed
this
life
:
whereunto
there
may
be
added
,
that
his
Birth
was
preceded
by
a
famous
Victory
which
the
Greeks
his
Subjects
obtained
on
a
sixth
day
of
April
against
the
Persians
hard
by
Plutea
,
and
by
a
Naval
Combat
which
also
happened
the
same
day
.
So
likewise
Pompey
was
born
and
triumphed
on
a
like
day
,
to
wit
,
the
thirtieth
of
the
Moneth
of
September
.
Charles
the
Fifth
the
Emperour
had
also
such
like
observable
Encounters
:
he
was
born
on
a
twenty
fourth
of
February
,
and
being
twenty
four
years
old
,
on
the
like
day
he
obtained
a
great
Victory
,
in
which
a
great
King
was
taken
prisoner
.
And
on
a
twenty
fourth
day
of
February
,
he
was
crowned
Emperour
by
the
Pope
.
But
not
to
look
any
further
then
our
own
Countrey
,
and
into
our
own
Histories
;
It
is
observed
that
his
late
Highness
our
present
Lord
Protector
,
Richard
,
was
Installed
in
his
Protectorship
on
the
like
day
,
being
a
third
day
of
September
,
when
as
Richard
the
First
,
that
Famous
King
of
England
,
so
much
spoken
of
in
the
Histories
by
reason
of
his
great
Wit
,
Understanding
,
and
Resolution
,
began
his
Reign
;
an
accident
which
cannot
choose
but
promise
a
most
favourable
Omen
and
good
Token
.
In
like
manner
his
late
Highness
had
more
favourable
and
famous
dayes
encountring
together
,
then
any
of
those
foregoing
Worthies
which
we
have
specified
.
The
second
large
Room
was
formerly
the
Privy
Chamber
,
hung
with
Black
,
with
a
Cloth
and
Chair
of
State
under
the
same
.
The
third
Room
was
formerly
the
Withdrawing
Room
,
hung
with
BlackCloth
,
&
had
a
Cloth
and
Chair
of
State
in
it
as
the
former
;
all
which
three
large
Rooms
were
compleatly
furnished
with
Scutcheons
of
his
Highness
Arms
crowned
with
the
Imperial
Crown
;
and
at
the
head
of
each
Cloth
of
State
was
fixed
a
large
majestique
Scutcheon
fairly
painted
and
gilt
upon
Taffity
.
The
fourth
Room
where
both
the
Corps
and
the
Effigies
did
lye
,
was
compleatly
hung
with
Black
Velvet
,
and
the
Roof
was
cieled
with
Velvet
,
and
a
large
Canopy
or
Cloth
of
State
of
black
Velvet
fringed
,
was
plated
over
the
Effigies
made
to
the
life
in
Wax
.
The
Effigies
it self
being
apparel'd
in
a
rich
suit
of
uncut
Velvet
,
robed
in
a
little
Robe
of
Purple
Velvet
,
laced
with
a
rich
Gold
Lace
,
and
furr'd
with
Ermins
;
upon
the
Kirtle
was
the
Royal
large
Robe
of
the
like
purple
Velvet
,
laced
and
furred
with
Ermins
,
with
rich
strings
and
tassels
of
Gold
;
the
Kirtle
being
girt
with
a
rich
embroidered
Belt
,
wherein
was
a
fair
Sword
,
richly
gilt
and
hatch'd
with
Gold
,
hanging
by
the
side
of
the
Effigies
.
In
the
right
hand
was
the
Golden
Scepter
,
representing
Government
;
in
the
left
hand
the
Globe
,
denoting
Principality
;
upon
the
Head
a
purple
Velvet
Cap
furr'd
with
Ermins
,
signifying
Regality
:
Behinde
the
Head
there
was
placed
a
rich
Chair
of
State
of
tissued
Gold
,
and
upon
the
Cushion
which
lay
thereon
was
placed
an
Imperial
Crown
set
with
precious
Stones
.
The
Body
of
the
Effigies
lay
upon
a
Bed
of
State
covered
with
a
large
Pall
of
black
Velvet
,
under
which
there
was
spread
a
fine
Holland
Sheet
upon
six
stools
of
tissued
Cloth
of
Gold
:
on
the
sides
of
the
Bed
of
State
was
placed
a
rich
suit
of
compleat
Armour
,
representing
his
late
Highness
Command
as
General
:
at
the
Feet
of
the
Effigies
stood
his
Crest
according
to
the
custom
of
ancient
Monuments
.
The
Bed
of
State
whereupon
the
Effigies
did
thus
lie
,
was
ascended
unto
by
two
steps
covered
with
the
aforesaid
Pall
of
Velvet
,
the
whole
work
being
compassed
about
with
Rails
and
Ballasters
covered
with
Velvet
;
at
each
corner
whereof
there
was
placed
an
upright
Pillar
covered
with
Velvet
,
upon
the
tops
whereof
were
the
four
Supporters
of
the
Imperial
Arms
,
bearing
Banners
or
Streamers
Crowned
.
The
Pillars
were
adorned
with
Trophies
of
Military
Honour
carved
and
gilt
;
the
pedestalls
of
the
Pillars
had
Shields
and
Crowns
gilt
which
compleated
the
whole
work
.
Within
the
Rails
and
Ballasters
stood
eight
great
Silver
Candlesticks
,
or
Standarts
,
almost
five
soot
high
,
with
Virgin-wax
Tapers
of
three
foot
long
;
next
unto
the
Candlesticks
there
were
set
upright
in
Sockets
the
four
great
Standards
of
his
Higness
Arms
,
the
Guydons
,
great
Banners
,
and
Banrolls
of
war
being
all
of
Taffity
very
richly
gilt
and
painted
.
The
Cloth
of
State
which
covered
the
Bed
of
State
,
and
the
Effigies
,
had
a
Majestick
Scutcheon
;
and
the
whole
Room
was
fully
and
compleatly
adorned
with
Taffity
Scutcheons
:
several
of
his
late
Highness's
Gentlemen
attending
bare-headed
round
about
the
Bed
of
State
in
Mourning
;
and
other
of
his
Highness's
Servants
waiting
in
the
other
Rooms
,
to
give
directions
to
the
spectators
,
and
to
prevent
disorders
.
From
Somerset-house
to
Westminster
the
streets
were
railed
in
,
and
strawed
with
Sand
;
the
Soldiers
being
placed
on
each
side
of
the
steeets
without
the
Rails
,
and
their
Ensigns
wrapped
up
in
a
Cypress
mourning
Veil
.
The
manner
of
the
proceeding
to
the
Interment
,
was
briefly
thus
.
After
him
followed
the
Poor
men
of
Westminster
in
mourning
Gowns
and
Hoods
,
marching
two
and
two
.
Next
unto
them
followed
the
Servants
of
the
several
persons
of
all
qualities
,
which
attended
the
Funeral
.
These
were
followed
by
all
his
late
Highness's
Servants
,
as
well
inferiour
as
superiour
,
both
within
and
without
the
Household
,
as
also
all
his
Highness's
Barge-men
and
Water-men
.
Next
unto
these
followed
the
Servants
and
Officers
belonging
to
the
Lord
Major
and
Sheriffs
of
the
City
of
London
.
Then
came
several
Gentlemen
and
attendants
on
the
respective
Ambassadors
,
and
the
other
Publique
Ministers
.
After
those
came
the
poor
Knights
of
Windsor
in
Gowns
and
Hoods
.
Then
followed
the
Clerks
,
Secretaries
,
and
other
Officers
belonging
to
the
Army
,
the
Admiralty
,
the
Treasury
,
the
Navy
,
and
Exchequer
.
After
these
came
the
Officers
in
Command
in
the
Fleet
,
as
also
the
Officers
of
the
Army
.
Next
followed
the
Commissioners
for
Excize
,
those
of
the
Army
,
and
the
Committee
of
the
Navy
.
Then
followed
the
Commissioners
for
the
Approbation
of
Preachers
.
Then
came
the
Officers
,
Messengers
,
and
Clerks
belonging
to
the
Privy
Councel
,
and
the
Clerks
of
both
Houses
of
Parliament
.
Next
followed
his
late
Highness
Physicians
.
The
Head
Officers
of
the
Army
.
The
Chief
Officers
and
Aldermen
of
the
City
of
London
.
The
Masters
of
the
Chancery
,
with
his
Highness
learned
Councel
at
Law
.
The
Judges
of
the
Admiralty
,
the
Masters
of
Request
,
with
the
Judges
in
Wales
.
The
Barons
of
the
Exchequer
,
the
Judges
of
both
Benches
,
and
the
Lord
Major
of
London
.
Next
to
these
the
persons
allied
in
Blood
to
his
late
Higness
,
and
the
Members
of
the
Lords
House
.
After
them
the
Publique
Ministers
of
Forreign
States
and
Princes
.
Then
the
Holland
Ambassador
alone
,
whose
Train
was
born
up
by
four
Gentlemen
.
Next
to
him
the
Portugal
Ambassador
alone
,
whose
Train
was
held
up
by
four
Knight
of
the
Order
of
Christ
.
And
thirdly
the
French
Ambassador
,
whose
Train
was
also
held
up
by
four
persons
of
quality
Then
followed
the
Lords
Commissioners
of
the
great
Seal
.
The
Lords
Commissioners
of
the
Treasury
.
The
Lords
of
his
late
Highness
most
Honorable
Privy
Councel
.
After
whom
followed
the
chief
Mourner
,
and
those
persons
of
quality
which
were
his
Assistants
,
and
bare
up
his
Train
.
All
the
Nobles
were
in
close
Mourning
,
the
rest
were
but
in
ordinary
,
being
disposed
in
their
passage
into
several
Divisions
,
being
distinguished
by
Drums
and
Trumpets
,
and
by
a
Standard
or
Banner
born
by
a
Person
of
Honor
and
his
assistant
,
and
a
Horse
of
State
covered
with
black
Velvet
,
and
led
by
a
person
of
Honor
,
followed
by
two
Grooms
:
Of
which
Horses
there
were
eleven
in
all
,
four
covered
with
black
Cloth
,
and
seven
with
Velvet
.
These
being
all
passed
in
order
,
at
length
the
Chariot
followed
with
the
Effigies
,
on
each
side
of
which
were
born
six
Banner
Rolls
,
twelve
in
all
,
by
as
many
persons
of
Honor
.
The
several
pieces
of
his
late
Highness
Armor
were
born
by
eight
Honorable
persons
,
Officers
of
the
Army
,
attended
by
a
Herald
and
a
Gentleman
on
each
side
.
Next
followed
Garter
principal
King
of
Arms
,
attended
with
a
Gentleman
on
each
side
bare-headed
.
Then
came
the
chief
Mourner
together
with
those
Lords
and
noble
personages
that
were
supporters
and
assistants
to
the
chief
Mourner
.
Then
followed
the
Horse
of
Honor
in
very
rich
Trappings
embroidered
upon
Crimson
Velvet
,
and
adorned
with
white
,
red
,
and
yellow
Plumes
,
and
was
led
by
the
Master
of
the
Horse
.
Finally
,
in
the
close
of
all
followed
his
late
Highness
Guard
of
Halberdiers
,
and
the
Warders
of
the
Tower
.
The
Solemnity
was
mannaged
with
a
great
deal
of
State
from
Somerset-House
to
Westminster
,
many
thousands
of
people
being
Spectators
in
the
Windows
and
upon
the
Scaffolds
all
along
the
way
as
it
passed
.
At
the
West
Gate
of
the
Abbey
Church
,
the
Hearse
with
the
Effigies
thereon
was
taken
off
again
from
the
Chariot
by
those
ten
Gentlemen
who
placed
it
thereon
before
,
and
in
their
passing
on
to
carry
it
into
the
Church
,
the
Canopy
of
State
was
by
the
former
six
Gentlemen
born
over
it
again
:
In
which
stately
manner
it
was
carried
up
to
the
East
end
of
the
Abbey
,
and
there
placed
in
that
Magnificent
structure
which
was
purposely
erected
there
to
receive
it
;
where
it
is
to
remain
for
some
time
exposed
to
publick
view
.
The
Corps
having
been
some
dayes
before
Interred
in
Henry
the
Seventh's
Chappel
in
a
Vault
purposely
prepared
for
the
same
,
over
which
a
costly
Monument
is
preparing
.
Thus
have
you
a
brief
Relation
of
the
last
Ceremonies
of
Honor
which
were
performed
to
the
Memory
of
his
late
Highness
,
who
by
his
Heroick
Acts
had
so
well
deserved
,
as
that
my
dull
pen
not
able
to
express
them
,
I
shall
remit
the
Reader
to
censure
my
endeavours
,
and
submit
to
those
that
shall
hereafter
undertake
to
present
the
World
with
a
larger
Chronicle
.
FINIS
.
THE
CHARACTER
of
his
late
Serene
Highness
,
OLIVER
,
Late
Lord
Protector
:
With
several
Reflections
on
the
foregoing
History
.
SEeing
Philosophers
are
of
opinion
,
that
the
Resemblance
of
Children
to
their
Parents
,
as
well
in
their
bodily
shapes
and
features
,
as
in
the
Inclinations
of
their
Souls
,
is
produced
by
one
and
the
self-same
Cause
;
chiefly
grounded
upon
this
reason
,
That
the
one
is
the
Representative
of
the
other
.
And
seeing
moreover
;
that
we
may
not
attribute
unto
a
material
Cause
an
immaterial
Effect
,
such
as
are
all
the
operations
of
a
Rational
Soul
;
they
reject
the
power
of
a
forming
vertue
,
the
the
Imaginary
one
,
the
Constellation
of
the
Planets
,
and
the
qualities
of
the
Seed
.
To
fix
upon
a
more
sublime
mystery
,
whereby
God
would
have
the
Legitimateness
of
Children
and
Nephews
to
be
manifested
,
rather
by
the
better
part
of
man
,
which
is
the
Soul
,
then
by
his
Complexion
,
his
Behaviour
,
his
Speech
,
and
the
shape
of
his
Body
.
And
that
such
glorious
souls
as
are
wrapt
up
as
it
were
in
the
body
,
should
like
unto
a
transparent
sun
penetrate
through
those
thick
clouds
,
and
by
that
resplendency
which
they
infuse
through
the
whole
body
,
should
attract
the
esteem
and
veneration
which
they
beget
in
men
;
either
in
the
vulgar
sort
,
who
are
onely
taken
with
the
out-side
,
or
in
the
malicious
and
envious
,
who
endeavour
to
smoother
those
Talents
in
others
which
they
do
not
possess
themselves
.
Which
truth
,
that
we
may
the
better
make
good
,
it
will
not
be
amiss
,
having
first
represented
unto
you
some
of
his
late
Highness
the
Lord
Protectors
memorable
Acts
,
to
demonstrate
unto
you
the
greatness
of
his
soul
,
and
how
well
it
was
placed
,
whereby
all
its
Heroical
vertues
may
,
as
through
a
Christal
glass
,
appear
unto
the
eyes
of
the
whole
world
.
In
this
wise
all
Hystoriographers
have
proceeded
,
not
onely
in
their
describing
of
the
lives
of
Illustrious
Personages
,
but
also
in
subduing
of
Cities
and
Towns
,
Foretresses
,
and
places
of
Consequence
,
which
no
sooner
had
received
the
Conquerours
yoke
,
but
the
Origine
and
Foundations
were
narrowly
pried
into
,
the
manner
of
their
being
fortified
was
described
,
the
form
of
their
being
besieged
,
the
assaults
which
they
susteined
,
and
the
glory
which
they
acquired
even
by
their
surrendry
upon
honorable
terms
;
whereas
on
the
contrary
,
inconsiderate
ones
are
quite
neglected
,
their
appellations
and
reductions
being
scarce
deemed
worthy
to
be
specified
in
a
History
.
In
like
manner
,
since
death
after
several
vain
attempts
and
successess
assaults
hath
at
length
bereaved
us
of
our
Illustrious
late
Lord
Protector
,
we
shall
give
you
the
Character
of
his
person
,
to
let
you
see
how
much
he
resembled
his
glorious
predecessors
.
And
howbeit
we
may
thereby
somewhat
diminish
and
detract
from
his
glory
,
however
so
beautiful
a
soul
as
his
was
,
accompanied
by
a
body
participating
of
all
those
Organs
which
were
succeptible
of
such
high
and
admirable
operations
,
could
not
choose
but
produce
the
ensuing
glorious
effects
?
In
his
person
he
somewhat
exceeded
the
usual
middle
stature
,
but
was
well
proportioned
accordingly
,
being
of
a
becoming
fatness
,
well
shaped
,
having
a
masculine
face
,
a
sparkling
eye
,
both
courteous
and
harsh
at
once
,
according
as
there
was
occasion
;
hardy
and
fierce
in
combats
and
reprehensions
,
tempered
in
councels
and
meek
,
promising
to
the
afflicted
and
suitors
.
He
was
of
a
strong
constitution
,
and
of
an
active
body
well
disposed
,
an
enemy
both
to
ease
and
excess
;
and
although
in
his
youth
he
was
capable
of
,
yet
he
used
not
those
fair
and
bewitching
pleasures
which
a
countrey
(
where
idleness
and
wantonness
did
reign
)
doth
afford
to
vigorous
constitutions
with
a
great
deal
of
mediocrity
in
the
War
,
he
was
active
,
vigilant
,
and
circumspect
;
and
although
he
was
doubtless
one
of
the
best
head-pieces
in
the
world
,
yet
he
disdained
not
to
conferre
and
take
counsel
with
others
,
even
in
Affairs
of
the
least
concernment
.
His
greatest
delight
was
to
read
men
rather
then
books
,
and
his
Eloquence
which
was
both
Masculine
and
Martial
,
was
rather
a
natural
gift
then
an
effect
of
art
,
wherein
he
alwayes
mingled
some
passages
of
the
holy
Writ
,
in
which
his
piety
had
amply
instructed
him
;
to
which
most
charming
part
as
well
as
to
his
Sword
,
he
owed
most
of
his
Conquests
and
Victories
;
being
alwayes
accustomed
to
exhort
and
animate
his
Souldiers
at
the
undertaking
of
any
great
enterprize
,
and
before
the
giving
of
a
battle
,
so
likewise
after
he
had
gained
the
victory
,
he
himself
did
express
unto
God
his
thankfulness
and
acknowledgements
with
so
profound
an
humility
,
as
that
he
attributed
unto
God
alone
all
his
good
success
;
and
did
constantly
refuse
all
those
triumphs
which
were
prepared
for
,
and
profered
to
his
valour
.
He
had
an
especial
care
to
have
Piety
and
Godliness
reign
in
his
Armies
,
and
punished
as
a
most
enormious
crime
,
those
who
took
Gods
name
in
vain
.
Moreover
,
he
loved
his
Souldiers
as
his
Children
,
and
his
greatest
care
was
to
see
them
provided
for
with
all
necessaries
requisite
;
by
which
foresight
and
provividence
,
he
was
the
better
able
to
execute
that
severe
punishment
which
he
usually
caused
to
be
inflicted
on
those
who
plundred
and
spoiled
the
Peasants
,
for
which
crime
he
would
not
have
pardoned
his
ownbrother
;
and
on
the
other
side
he
was
alwayes
most
bountiful
and
liberal
to
his
Souldiers
,
and
those
Pensions
which
are
yet
payed
daily
unto
the
old
Souldiers
,
unto
their
Widows
,
and
to
the
maimed
and
hurt
men
,
may
save
those
charges
which
some
Princes
have
been
at
to
hire
persons
to
weep
and
lament
at
their
Funerals
,
and
over
their
Tombs
.
He
married
into
the
ancient
and
noble
family
of
the
Bourchers
,
whence
the
Earls
of
Essex
were
descended
;
his
marriage
bed
was
blessed
with
many
Children
,
none
of
which
did
ever
degenerate
from
the
eminent
vertues
of
their
most
Illustrious
Father
.
His
eldest
son
named
Ricard
hath
succeeded
him
in
the
Protectorship
;
his
younger
son
named
Henry
,
being
at
this
time
Lord
Lieutenant
of
Ireland
;
both
of
them
capable
to
follow
their
Fathers
glorious
footsteps
,
and
to
perfect
and
crown
such
hopeful
,
promising
,
though
difficult
,
beginnings
;
their
Father
having
as
it
were
divided
,
shared
,
and
left
by
inheritance
unto
their
youth
(
swelling
with
marvellous
hopes
)
that
most
exquisite
Quintessence
of
two
great
Talents
,
which
he
had
acquired
by
his
age
and
by
his
experience
;
so
that
the
one
of
his
sons
may
be
stiled
the
Jupiter
,
and
the
other
the
Mars
of
England
.
He
had
four
Daughters
,
all
of
them
Ladies
of
a
most
eminent
and
vertuous
disposition
:
The
Lady
Bridget
first
married
unto
the
Lord
Ireton
,
in
his
life
time
Lord
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
a
Personage
of
sublime
worth
;
and
afterwards
espoused
unto
the
Lord
Fleetwood
,
sometimes
Lord
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
and
at
present
Lieutenant
General
of
all
his
Highness
Forces
.
The
Lady
Elizabeth
his
second
Daughter
,
married
unto
the
Lord
Cleypoll
,
and
dyed
a
little
before
her
Father
;
of
whom
we
shall
speak
hereafter
.
The
third
,
the
Lady
Mary
,
espoused
unto
the
Lord
Viscount
Faulconbridge
.
And
the
youngest
,
the
Lady
Frances
,
at
present
widow
of
the
Lord
Robert
Rich
,
Grandchilde
to
the
late
Earl
of
Warwick
.
Nor
did
the
change
of
his
late
Highness
Fortunes
in
the
least
decline
or
diminish
the
tenderness
and
affection
which
he
ever
bare
towards
the
worthy
Mother
of
so
numerous
and
hopeful
an
issue
;
and
that
absolute
power
which
he
had
over
all
his
Dominions
,
never
gave
him
the
least
desire
to
captivate
any
heart
,
save
that
which
God
had
given
him
in
marriage
.
And
that
which
is
the
most
to
be
admired
at
,
and
seems
to
be
the
summe
of
all
bliss
,
is
,
that
the
Almighty
lent
his
late
Highness
so
much
life
as
to
see
all
his
Children
disposed
to
the
most
gallant
personages
,
and
allied
to
the
most
Illustrious
Families
of
England
;
which
are
as
so
many
props
of
his
Fortune
,
and
Fences
against
the
enviers
of
his
Vertue
.
He
was
an
enemy
to
vain
gloriousness
&
ostentation
,
and
although
he
was
all
as
it
were
fire
,
that
is
,
of
a
passionate
constitution
;
yet
he
had
so
overcome
his
passions
,
that
he
was
seldome
or
never
moved
but
when
there
was
a
great
cause
given
:
so
likewise
was
he
more
subject
to
repress
and
keep
in
,
then
to
give
way
to
his
passion
.
The
actions
of
his
body
denoted
those
of
his
minde
,
his
actions
were
in
a
manner
without
motion
,
and
without
any
forcings
of
the
body
;
in
like
manner
his
minde
was
not
at
all
agitated
,
nor
his
expressions
precipitated
;
sweetness
and
tranquillity
accompanied
his
thoughts
and
his
words
;
but
when
there
was
occasion
to
carry
a
business
,
he
expressed
himself
with
so
much
vigour
,
as
gave
to
understand
,
that
he
was
not
easily
to
be
disswaded
from
the
thing
he
had
once
resolved
.
In
like
manner
during
the
whole
course
of
the
War
,
he
never
harboured
the
least
thought
of
changing
of
parties
.
And
as
for
Ambition
,
which
is
the
onely
passion
whereof
envy
it self
seems
to
accuse
him
,
the
effects
thereof
were
so
inconfiderable
and
unnecessary
unto
him
,
nay
,
so
unpleasing
and
unwelcome
;
and
which
is
more
,
he
so
often
refused
the
pomps
,
delights
,
and
grandours
which
were
profered
him
,
that
all
the
world
must
needs
confess
,
that
where
Nature
could
claim
so
small
an
interest
,
the
master
and
directer
of
Nature
must
needs
have
had
a
great
share
.
Wherefore
we
may
aver
with
a
great
deal
of
reason
,
That
in
case
he
hath
hoorded
and
laid
up
Treasures
,
it
hath
been
in
the
Intrals
of
the
Poor
of
all
Sexes
,
and
of
all
Nations
,
of
all
Professions
and
Religions
,
both
at
home
and
abroad
;
insomuch
,
that
it
hath
been
computed
,
that
out
of
his
own
private
instinct
particular
Motions
and
pious
Compassion
,
he
distributed
at
least
forty
thousand
pounds
a
year
in
Charitable
Uses
,
out
of
his
own
purse
,
out
of
such
Moneys
as
the
Commonwealth
did
allow
him
for
his
Domestique
Expences
,
and
for
the
maintenance
of
his
State
,
and
the
Dignity
of
his
Person
,
Family
,
and
the
keeping
up
the
splendour
of
his
Court.
And
the
better
to
illustrate
this
matter
,
we
shall
insert
an
Essay
of
two
examples
of
Generosity
and
Gratitude
,
which
are
not
to
be
parallel'd
,
save
in
the
persons
of
Thomas
Lord
Cromwell
,
his
late
Highness's
predecessor
,
in
Henry
the
Eighth's
Reign
,
and
in
the
person
of
his
late
Highness
,
Oliver
Lord
Protector
.
Tho.
Cromwell
.
In
those
glorious
dayes
,
when
the
English
young
Gentry
endeavored
to
out-vie
their
elder
Brothers
,
by
undertaking
far
and
dangerous
journies
into
Forreign
parts
,
to
acquire
glory
by
feats
of
Arms
,
and
experiencing
themselves
in
the
Military
Discipline
;
Thomas
Cromwel
a
younger
Brother
,
to
better
his
knowledge
in
Warlike
Affairs
passed
into
France
,
and
there
trailed
a
Pike
,
accompanying
the
French
Forces
into
Italy
,
where
they
were
defeated
at
Gattellion
;
whereupon
our
English
Volantier
betook
himself
to
Florence
,
designing
to
pass
thence
home
again
into
England
;
but
having
loft
all
his
equipage
,
and
being
in
a
necessitated
condition
,
he
was
enforced
to
address
himself
to
one
Signior
Francisco
Frescobald
an
Italian
Merchant
,
who
corresponded
at
London
;
and
making
his
case
known
unto
him
,
Frescobald
observing
something
remarkable
,
and
a
certain
promising
greatness
in
the
Features
,
Actions
,
and
Deportment
of
Thomas
Cromwel
,
who
gave
an
account
of
himself
with
so
candid
an
ingenuity
,
and
in
such
terms
as
beseemed
his
Birth
,
and
the
Profession
he
then
was
of
:
whereby
he
gained
so
much
upon
Frescobald
,
as
inviting
him
home
to
his
house
,
he
caused
him
to
be
accommodated
with
new
Linnen
and
Clothes
,
and
other
sutable
necessaries
;
kindly
entertaining
him
,
till
such
time
as
he
testified
a
desire
to
return
for
England
;
when
as
to
compleat
his
Generosity
and
Kindeness
,
he
gave
Mr.
Thomas
Cromwell
a
Horse
,
and
sixteen
Duccats
in
gold
,
to
prosecute
his
journey
homewards
.
In
process
of
time
,
several
disasters
and
Bankrupts
befalling
Signior
Frescobald
,
his
Trading
and
Credit
was
not
a
little
thereby
impaired
;
and
reflecting
on
the
Moneys
which
were
due
unto
him
by
his
Correspondents
in
England
,
to
the
value
of
15000.
Duccats
,
he
resolved
to
pass
thither
,
and
try
whether
he
could
happily
procure
payment
.
During
which
interval
of
time
,
Mr.
Thomas
Cromwell
being
a
person
endowed
with
a
great
deal
of
Courage
,
of
a
transcendent
Wit
,
hardy
in
his
undertakings
,
and
a
great
Politician
,
had
by
these
his
good
qualities
gotten
himself
entrance
and
credit
at
Court
,
and
highly
ingratiated
himself
with
King
Henry
the
Eighth
;
having
advanced
himself
to
almost
as
high
a
pitch
of
Honour
,
in
as
short
a
time
,
in
a
manner
,
as
his
late
Highness
did
.
The
Lord
Thomas
Cromwell
therefore
riding
one
day
with
a
great
train
of
Noble
Men
towards
the
Kings
Palace
,
chanced
to
espy
on
foot
in
the
streets
Signior
Frescobald
,
the
Italian
Merchant
,
in
an
ill
plight
:
however
,
he
immediately
alighting
from
his
Horse
,
embraced
him
before
all
the
world
,
to
the
great
astonishment
of
the
beholders
;
and
chid
him
,
that
at
his
very
arrival
he
came
not
to
visit
him
.
Frescobald
being
astonished
at
so
unexpected
an
encounter
,
and
receiving
so
signal
a
favor
from
a
personage
he
could
not
call
to
minde
he
had
ever
known
,
was
quite
surprized
;
and
my
Lord
Cromwells
pressing
affairs
at
Court
not
permitting
him
the
while
to
acquaint
him
further
who
he
was
,
onely
engaged
him
to
come
and
dine
with
him
that
day
.
Frescobald
full
of
amazement
,
enquired
of
the
attendants
who
that
great
personage
might
be
?
And
hearing
his
name
,
he
began
to
call
the
Feature
of
his
Face
,
and
the
Idea
of
his
Person
to
mind
;
and
so
by
degrees
conceiving
with
himself
it
might
happily
be
the
same
Mr.
Thomas
Cromwell
whom
he
had
harboured
at
Florence
;
he
enquired
out
his
Lordships
habitation
,
and
attended
his
coming
at
Noon-tide
,
walking
in
his
Court-yard
.
No
sooner
was
the
Lord
Thomas
Cromwel
entred
the
same
,
(
attended
by
several
persons
of
quality
,
and
officers
of
the
Crown
)
but
speedily
alighting
from
his
Horse
,
he
embraced
his
friend
Frescobald
in
the
same
manner
he
had
done
in
the
morning
;
and
perceiving
that
the
Lords
which
accompanied
him
were
amazed
at
such
a
disproportioned
familiarity
,
he
told
them
that
he
was
more
obliged
to
Frescobald
then
to
all
the
men
in
the
world
,
owing
unto
him
the
making
of
his
Fortune
;
and
so
proceeded
to
relate
unto
them
the
whole
story
which
had
befallen
him
at
Florence
.
So
great
a
delight
do
generous
mindes
take
to
recount
their
foregoing
Misfortunes
,
when
their
Grandor
hath
elevated
them
to
such
a
pitch
,
as
that
they
triumph
over
Shame
,
and
are
incapable
of
Ingratitude
.
Frescobald
was
treated
at
Dinner
with
all
the
tenderness
he
could
expect
from
so
great
a
personage
,
and
so
good
a
friend
;
after
which
being
carried
up
by
the
Lord
T.
Cromwel
into
his
Closet
,
he
was
there
presented
with
four
bags
of
Gold
,
each
containing
four
hundred
Duccats
,
in
return
of
his
former
civilities
:
which
Frescobald
(
being
of
a
gallant
spirit
)
at
first
refused
,
but
after
several
contestations
was
constrained
to
accept
as
an
acknowledgement
from
the
Lord
Cromwell
;
who
,
moreover
enquiring
of
him
concerning
his
coming
over
,
and
affairs
in
England
;
and
understanding
his
Losses
,
and
that
there
were
Moneys
due
to
him
,
caused
him
to
write
down
his
Debters
names
;
and
by
his
Secretary
summoned
the
several
Merchants
which
were
indebted
to
Frescobald
(
upon
pain
of
his
displeasure
)
to
clear
their
Accounts
with
him
,
and
to
pay
him
within
the
space
of
fifteen
days
;
which
was
accordingly
performed
:
onely
Frescobald
freely
forgave
them
the
Use
.
Over
and
above
all
which
,
the
Lord
Thomas
Cromwell
endeavoured
to
perswade
his
friend
Frescobald
to
have
remained
in
England
the
rest
of
his
Dayes
,
profering
to
lend
him
a
stock
of
60000.
Duccats
to
trade
withall
:
But
Frescobald
being
over-charged
with
all
those
grand
obligations
which
the
Lord
Cromwell
had
conferred
on
him
;
having
by
his
Lordships
Generosity
acquired
enough
to
keep
him
from
being
necessitated
all
his
life
time
;
and
deeming
that
the
trading
in
good
Works
was
incomparably
more
sure
and
gainful
then
in
the
richest
Wares
and
Merchandizes
,
being
resolved
to
quit
Trading
,
and
to
end
the
rest
of
his
dayes
peaceably
and
quietly
,
he
obtained
leave
of
the
Lord
Thomas
Cromwell
to
depart
towards
his
own
Countrey
,
freighted
with
so
great
obligations
as
caused
in
him
a
generous
shame
.
But
the
Almighty
doth
not
alwayes
recompense
the
fruits
of
good
Works
here
on
Earth
,
often
repaying
the
greatest
with
the
least
rewards
;
and
Heaven
delights
in
the
exercising
of
its
great
Vertues
,
by
the
Vices
which
are
thereunto
opposite
:
and
as
the
most
noblest
Creatures
are
the
slowest
in
the
attaining
to
their
perfections
,
so
the
Almighty
doth
not
immediately
cause
those
Fruits
to
ripen
,
which
are
sowed
here
below
by
Christian
Charity
.
Tho.
Cromwels
Seed
,
Destiny
,
and
end
.
Wherefore
to
return
to
the
Lord
Thomas
Cromwell
,
who
had
made
the
Match
between
Anne
of
Cleve
and
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
you
shall
see
how
he
was
rewarded
for
his
Generosity
and
good
Services
;
for
this
Princess
Anne
of
Cleve
,
conceiving
a
certain
womanish
Jealousie
,
she
knew
not
why
nor
wherefore
,
against
the
Lord
Thomas
Cromwell
,
save
onely
that
she
apprehended
he
had
too
great
a
power
and
sway
with
the
King
;
never
left
off
solliciting
and
importuning
of
him
,
till
he
caused
the
Lord
Thomas
Cromwell
to
be
beheaded
;
by
which
sad
compliance
,
the
King
lost
the
best
Supporter
of
his
Crown
,
and
the
faithfullest
of
his
Servants
and
Subjects
.
The
Lord
Thomas
Cromwell
dyed
without
Heir
Males
,
leavingone
onely
Daughter
,
espoused
to
one
Mr.
Williams
a
Gentleman
of
Glamorganshire
,
of
a
good
Family
;
who
,
as
we
have
before
said
,
inherited
little
of
his
Father
,
save
his
Vertues
,
besides
what
his
own
Deserts
had
procured
him
,
and
what
he
might
promise
himself
by
the
Match
with
this
Heiress
the
Lord
Thomas
Cromwels
Daughter
:
(
from
whence
our
Lord
Protectors
are
lineally
descended
)
and
who
was
the
lively
representative
of
her
Father
,
and
the
very
pourtraiture
of
his
great
soul
,
as
the
Lady
Cleypool
was
of
his
late
Highness
the
Lord
Protector
.
Now
that
you
may
know
on
what
occasion
Thomas
Cromwell
)
made
his
appearance
before
the
King
in
deep
Mourning
,
like
a
dark
Cloud
eclipsing
the
Sun
at
Noon-tide
.
The
King
casting
his
eye
upon
so
unexpected
and
dismal
an
Object
,
(
which
seemed
to
reproach
his
rash
fault
)
was
surprized
and
offended
,
at
the
interrupting
of
his
Pleasures
,
by
Williams
so
unseasonable
apparition
;
wherefore
the
King
asked
him
how
he
durst
appear
at
Court
in
that
garb
?
whereunto
Williams
replied
with
a
sad
but
assured
countenance
,
That
not
onely
himself
,
but
the
King
and
all
the
Court
had
reason
to
mourn
for
the
loss
of
the
greatest
and
faithfullest
of
his
Subjects
and
Servants
,
whose
Death
himself
might
one
day
chance
to
regret
,
when
he
should
stand
in
need
of
his
Councels
and
Fidelity
.
But
the
King
whose
thoughts
were
at
that
time
taken
up
with
his
Pastimes
,
wished
Williams
to
be
gone
,
and
to
get
himself
cured
of
his
Frenetick
Mallady
.
Some
while
after
troubles
arising
,
and
the
King
finding
himself
in
a
strait
for
want
of
so
faithful
a
Minister
of
State
as
the
late
Lord
Thomas
Cromwel
was
,
whose
life
he
had
so
inconsiderately
taken
away
;
began
to
reflect
on
the
loss
he
had
sustained
;
and
how
requisite
it
was
,
for
Princes
,
and
great
Potentates
,
to
retain
near
their
Persons
,
Men
of
Knowledge
,
Worth
and
Fidelity
;
and
calling
to
minde
the
action
and
discourse
of
Williams
,
conceiving
that
it
could
not
proceed
but
from
a
great
soul
endowed
with
extraordinary
vertues
,
and
such
a
one
as
might
be
useful
and
serviceable
to
him
;
he
sent
for
him
up
to
Court
,
and
commanding
him
to
take
the
name
of
Cromwel
upon
himself
,
(
unto
whom
he
had
testified
so
much
Fidelity
and
Gratitude
)
he
invested
him
with
all
the
Offices
and
Charges
the
late
Lord
Thomas
Cromwel
enjoyed
near
his
person
;
and
re-instated
him
again
in
all
his
Goods
and
Lands
which
had
been
confiscated
;
so
that
the
Lord
Williams
assisted
in
the
Kings
Councel
,
as
his
Father
in
Law
the
Lord
Thomas
Cromwel
before
had
done
.
Williams
,
alias
Cromwel
,
and
the
Illustrious
Daughter
of
the
renowned
Lord
Thomas
Cromwel
,
his
late
Highness
and
our
present
Lord
Protector
are
lineally
descended
;
in
whom
the
Almighty
hath
raised
up
and
ripened
those
generous
vertues
of
their
predecessors
,
and
hath
elevated
and
spread
their
branches
as
high
,
as
their
deep
roots
had
taken
profound
and
vigorous
Foundations
.
So
that
to
compleat
our
parallel
,
we
may
observe
by
the
fruits
of
this
Illustrious
Stock
from
whence
his
late
Highness
is
descended
,
whether
they
retained
their
accustomed
Generosity
and
Clemency
;
which
we
will
not
go
about
to
prove
by
the
Military
Acts
,
in
which
they
have
outvied
their
Predecessors
;
nor
by
their
Politick
and
prudent
Government
of
the
State
,
in
which
they
have
at
least
equalized
them
;
but
by
their
private
and
domestick
actions
,
since
the
resemblance
of
Children
to
their
Parents
may
be
more
observed
by
the
Features
of
the
Face
,
then
by
the
course
of
their
lives
,
which
are
subject
to
vary
,
either
by
the
inconstancy
of
Fortune
,
or
the
Communication
of
other
men
.
In
which
contract
of
grief
,
and
resolution
of
acknowledgement
,
his
late
Highness
may
be
said
to
have
harboured
the
same
thoughts
as
Henry
the
Eighth
did
;
perswading
himself
that
he
had
been
the
Author
of
Durets
death
,
though
in
a
far
innocenter
way
;
However
his
late
Highness
retained
all
the
resentments
and
sensibleness
of
the
acknowledgements
and
gratitude
,
expressed
by
his
generous
predecessor
the
Lord
Thomas
Cromwel
,
towards
his
dear
Friend
Frescobald
.
For
his
late
Highness
immediately
sent
over
For
Durets
Mother
,
Sister
,
and
two
Nephews
out
of
France
,
and
would
have
the
whole
Family
of
the
Durets
to
come
and
establish
themselves
here
in
England
;
that
he
might
the
better
manifest
his
Love
and
Gratitude
in
their
persons
,
towards
his
deceased
faithful
servant
.
And
whereas
by
reason
of
the
continuance
of
the
Scotch
Wars
,
his
late
Highness
was
at
that
time
,
as
it
were
confined
to
the
North
,
he
wrote
unto
her
Highness
,
the
now
Lady
Protectoress
Dowager
,
his
wife
,
that
she
should
receive
and
use
Durets
Mother
,
Sister
,
and
Allies
,
accordingly
as
she
praised
the
good
offices
of
his
deceased
faithful
servant
,
to
whose
cares
,
pains
,
and
watchings
he
owed
the
preservation
of
his
own
life
;
and
that
she
should
proportion
that
kindnes
which
during
his
absence
she
should
show
unto
them
,
unto
the
love
which
she
bore
unto
him
;
insomuch
,
that
Durets
Mother
was
by
her
Highness
admitted
into
her
own
Family
,
and
seated
at
her
own
Table
;
his
Sister
was
placed
in
the
rank
and
quality
of
a
Maid
of
Honour
to
her
Highness
;
and
his
two
Nephews
were
admitted
to
be
her
Highnesses
Pages
;
whereby
the
Almighty
Crowned
Durets
good
and
faithful
services
towards
his
Master
,
and
his
piety
and
observance
towards
his
Mother
and
Sister
,
whose
onely
support
he
was
in
his
life
time
,
with
the
rich
Flowers
of
Prosperity
,
and
with
the
Fruits
of
Fortune
;
advancing
them
as
fast
as
the
sad
destiny
did
his
precipitated
death
.
And
no
sooner
was
his
late
Highness
returned
into
England
after
the
conquest
of
Scotland
,
and
the
glorious
Victory
he
had
obtained
at
Worcester
,
full
freighted
with
the
resplendency
of
his
noble
atchievements
;
but
he
desired
to
see
Durets
Mother
,
Sister
,
and
Nephews
,
enquiring
how
they
had
been
received
,
and
treated
;
and
whether
they
were
well
pleased
to
be
in
England
;
and
as
soon
as
they
appeared
in
his
presence
,
he
could
not
retain
his
generous
tears
for
the
loss
of
Duret
;
nor
could
he
cease
to
testifie
his
inward
grief
for
him
,
comforting
the
good
old
Gentlewoman
Mrs.
Duret
,
by
the
mouth
of
his
Children
who
spake
French
,
telling
her
,
She
had
not
lost
her
son
,
although
dead
;
for
that
himself
would
be
her
son
,
since
the
preservation
of
his
life
had
its
being
from
her
entralls
;
that
both
her
and
his
Duret
was
with
a
better
Master
;
a
Master
,
who
was
his
Master
also
;
and
whose
recompences
and
rewards
were
for
greater
and
more
assured
then
these
worldly
ones
.
And
that
the
great
thoughts
of
his
heart
might
not
lose
their
force
and
energy
,
by
his
imploying
of
anothers
tongue
to
express
them
;
this
great
Personage
who
never
made
use
of
the
French
language
to
entertain
the
Ambassador
of
Kings
and
Princes
withall
,
did
put
himself
to
the
trouble
of
learning
some
French
words
,
with
which
he
alwayes
was
used
to
chear
up
and
comfort
the
good
old
Woman
whensoever
he
met
her
:
and
he
that
was
wont
to
swim
in
the
blood
of
his
enemies
,
and
could
look
with
an
undiscomposed
brow
on
thousands
of
men
,
and
of
his
friends
,
lying
dead
on
the
Field
after
a
battle
,
had
so
much
tenderness
for
the
loss
of
one
of
his
domestique
Servants
,
as
that
he
could
not
refrain
from
tears
when
he
beheld
any
of
Durets
relations
.
Nor
need
we
to
wonder
hereat
,
since
his
late
Highnesses
general
spirit
contained
as
well
private
as
publique
Vertues
.
And
his
Reason
which
was
alwayes
mistress
of
his
Passions
,
knew
full
well
how
to
imploy
them
on
such
occasions
,
and
at
such
times
as
they
were
most
requisite
and
commendable
:
to
let
us
see
,
That
the
Dignity
of
a
General
and
a
Protector
,
had
not
made
him
relinquish
the
quality
of
a
Man
;
and
that
Maximes
and
Reasons
of
State
had
forced
several
things
from
him
,
which
were
absolutely
repugnant
to
his
natural
inclinations
.
Besides
,
this
great
Politician
knew
,
that
the
greatest
part
of
Famous
Men
,
which
Fortune
had
elevated
to
the
top
of
her
Wheel
,
were
for
the
most
part
come
to
untimely
ends
by
the
corruption
of
their
domestique
Servants
,
or
the
treachery
of
their
intimatest
Friends
and
bosom
Favourites
:
in
regard
whereof
,
his
late
Highness
lamented
the
more
the
loss
of
this
his
Faithful
Servant
.
Nor
need
we
to
wonder
hereat
,
since
Fortune
had
heaped
all
the
perfections
of
Vertues
in
his
great
Soul
,
which
he
evidently
manifested
,
by
his
so
orderly
,
and
peaceably
re-uniting
,
and
as
it
were
,
matching
together
the
Vertues
both
of
War
and
Peace
;
the
ruffness
and
harshness
of
War
,
with
the
tenderness
of
Nature
;
their
Licentiousness
with
Piety
;
Confusion
with
good
Order
;
and
so
resplendent
an
eminent
Greatness
,
to
such
inconsiderate
,
abject
,
and
humble
domestique
considerations
.
Wherefore
this
Nation
may
account
it self
thrice
happy
,
in
enjoying
such
sublime
rising
Powers
to
govern
it
,
who
are
able
to
distinguish
between
Good
and
Evil
;
and
who
suffer
not
themselves
to
be
puffed
up
so
high
,
as
that
they
scorn
and
disdain
to
look
downwards
,
and
so
stand
not
in
need
(
as
the
waters
poured
far
from
the
Ocean
)
of
a
borrowed
and
corrosive
salt
,
to
preserve
things
from
corruption
.
Thus
as
I
have
already
given
you
rather
a
Glimpse
then
a
Character
of
his
late
Highness
his
Person
,
I
shall
now
render
you
some
other
considerable
Remarks
of
his
Affairs
.
After
the
discoveries
of
an
hundred
Plots
and
Designs
laid
open
and
frustrated
,
the
defeating
of
many
jealous
parties
all
of
them
convinced
;
and
finally
,
sundry
Forreign
Negotiations
and
Treaties
,
which
hath
given
you
occasion
as
well
to
admire
his
Judgement
as
his
Valour
,
whence
you
have
found
as
bold
undertakings
to
have
proceeded
from
his
late
Highness
,
as
ever
were
commented
;
and
as
admirable
Conquests
on
the
Continent
,
as
may
well
answer
the
ancient
(
though
long
time
dormatick
)
Valour
of
the
English
Nation
.
To
consider
how
he
joyned
the
Piety
and
good
Order
of
Numa
with
the
Vigour
and
Force
of
Romulus
,
in
those
foundations
which
he
laid
of
this
new
and
Warlike
Empire
;
which
although
they
scarce
budded
forth
of
the
earth
,
are
never
the
less
substantial
enough
to
bear
up
a
solid
building
;
and
do
sufficiently
discover
all
the
several
beautiful
Repartitions
of
the
same
in
a
most
exquisite
manner
,
and
in
a
goodly
ground
plot
.
First
,
his
late
Highness
settled
such
a
Military
Discipline
,
as
partaking
of
the
Vertues
of
the
three
first
Roman
Founders
,
did
strike
a
terrour
into
the
most
ambitious
Monarchs
of
the
earth
;
and
doth
give
Instructions
,
or
rather
read
Lectures
on
both
the
Christian
and
Moral
Vertues
unto
that
Nation
which
pretends
to
be
the
wisest
and
most
Religious
of
all
the
world
.
Nor
need
we
to
say
that
he
made
use
of
fire
and
flames
by
a
barbarous
and
unchristian-like
Zeal
to
establish
the
truth
of
the
Gospel
.
Nor
did
he
send
millions
of
Pagans
to
Hell
,
thereby
to
be
strong
enough
to
force
five
hundred
against
their
wills
into
Heaven
:
The
Piety
of
this
our
Common
Father
was
void
of
Envy
and
Cruelty
.
He
hath
defied
the
Tyrants
over
mens
Consciences
by
Clemency
and
Charity
,
and
hath
caused
those
who
profess
those
two
Vertues
before
all
others
(
which
are
more
sublime
though
less
profitable
to
our
neighbours
,
and
consequently
of
less
concernment
)
to
doubt
,
whether
or
no
the
Quality
of
the
most
Christian
King
is
not
far
better
then
that
of
the
Catholique
.
All
which
being
maturely
considered
,
we
may
say
when
a
State
erreth
both
in
the
Ecclesiastique
and
Politique
Government
,
he
that
is
invested
with
the
Sovereign
Power
,
far
from
being
reputed
a
Tyrant
,
is
accountable
before
God
if
he
doth
refuse
the
same
,
and
if
he
lets
that
Talent
remain
useless
which
may
otherwise
be
advantageous
to
the
whole
world
.
To
say
more
of
his
Generosity
,
this
Vertue
he
highly
recommended
above
all
others
unto
his
Ministers
of
State
,
and
unto
his
Ambassadors
,
and
unto
his
Children
;
and
whereof
that
noble
Lady
Cleypoll
,
his
Daughter
of
worthy
memory
,
did
give
so
many
evidences
during
her
life
,
and
even
at
the
Article
of
her
Death
,
as
that
she
thereby
did
beget
tears
in
the
most
obstinate
and
hardiest
enemies
of
this
State
.
A
worthy
Daughter
of
so
famous
a
Father
,
whom
Heaven
too
soon
snatched
away
both
from
the
Vertuous
and
from
the
Miserable
;
and
whose
soul
did
admirably
correspond
with
her
Fortune
,
and
the
Majesty
of
her
Comportment
.
How
many
of
the
Royalist
prisoners
got
she
not
freed
?
How
many
did
she
not
save
from
Death
whom
the
Laws
had
condemned
?
How
many
persecuted
Christians
hath
she
not
snatcht
out
of
the
hands
of
the
tormenters
;
quite
contrary
unto
that
Herodias
who
could
do
any
thing
with
her
father
.
She
imployed
her
Prayers
even
with
Tears
to
spare
such
men
whose
ill
fortune
had
designed
them
to
suffer
:
when
as
this
grand
Heroe
being
transported
as
it
were
,
and
even
ravished
to
see
his
own
Image
so
lively
described
in
those
lovely
and
charming
Features
of
that
winning
Sex
,
could
refuse
her
nothing
;
insomuch
,
that
when
his
Clemency
and
Justice
did
balance
the
pardon
of
a
poor
Criminal
,
this
most
charming
Advocate
knew
so
skilfully
to
disarm
him
,
that
his
Sword
falling
out
of
his
hands
,
his
arms
onely
served
to
lift
her
up
from
those
knees
on
which
she
had
cast
her self
,
to
wipe
off
her
tears
,
and
to
imbrace
her
.
So
likewise
it
is
believed
,
that
this
illustrious
Princess
precipitated
death
,
did
not
a
little
contribute
to
his
late
Highnesses
sickning
;
all
whose
noble
parts
were
found
to
be
very
sound
and
whole
,
onely
his
Heart
,
which
sorrow
had
seized
and
dryed
up
.
Nor
did
he
long
out-live
her
,
since
it
was
impossible
he
should
survive
the
love
of
so
generous
a
dispencer
of
his
Clemency
and
Generosity
.
For
brevity
,
I
shall
make
choice
of
one
of
the
Ambassadours
of
this
Commonwealth
,
to
denote
the
splendor
of
the
glorious
Ministers
of
this
generous
Prince
;
he
being
in
such
a
place
where
he
hath
more
occasion
then
any
of
the
rest
,
to
give
far
ampler
marks
of
the
most
Heroical
Vertue
,
which
acquires
more
glory
to
the
victorious
then
the
victory
it self
,
and
which
is
the
most
assured
Character
of
a
true
Christian
,
his
Excellency
the
Lord
Lockhart
,
Ambassador
in
the
Court
of
France
,
General
of
his
Highness
Forces
in
Flanders
,
and
Governour
of
the
Town
of
Dunkirk
,
who
is
espoused
to
that
most
renowned
Lady
one
of
his
late
Highness's
Neeces
.
In
both
which
noble
Personages
we
may
behold
at
once
shining
forth
those
two
happy
and
glorious
Talents
,
which
most
of
all
render
persons
of
their
Birth
and
Quality
recommendable
and
famous
.
His
person
seems
onely
to
have
been
sent
into
France
to
charm
the
whole
Nation
,
and
to
attract
and
accumulate
graces
;
and
did
he
not
expose
himself
to
so
many
dangers
and
hazards
in
the
Wars
,
men
might
easily
believe
that
after
he
had
long
born
Arms
in
Holland
,
in
France
,
and
ten
years
space
for
the
late
King
of
England
,
that
he
onely
ranged
himself
on
the
victorious
sides
to
save
the
Kings
Party
,
and
to
re-instate
them
in
their
Lands
and
Goods
.
Wherefore
the
Generosity
,
Courtesie
,
and
Affability
of
his
late
Highness
did
so
superabound
,
as
that
no
one
person
ever
departed
from
his
presence
unsatisfied
;
for
he
received
the
Petitions
of
all
men
,
he
heard
their
Grievances
,
and
his
charitable
memory
was
so
retentive
,
as
that
he
never
forgot
their
requests
,
but
made
it
his
chief
object
to
bear
them
in
minde
,
and
most
tenderly
to
provide
for
them
.
He
esteemed
those
he
had
overcome
,
and
took
a
delight
to
pardon
them
,
and
to
make
them
sharers
of
his
good
Fortune
;
provided
that
they
would
give
over
to
make
themselves
unfortunate
,
by
their
obstinacy
.
He
was
used
to
say
,
that
Hearts
were
as
well
to
be
overcome
as
Fortresses
,
and
that
the
one
were
no
more
to
be
demolished
then
the
other
,
because
they
had
belonged
to
other
Masters
;
insomuch
,
that
he
esteemed
it
a
great
Conquest
to
have
gained
a
gallant
Man
to
his
party
.
And
as
for
those
who
have
been
put
to
death
in
his
time
,
they
may
be
said
to
have
been
their
own
Judges
,
and
their
own
executioners
.
And
however
Politicians
hold
,
that
in
the
changing
of
a
Government
,
all
things
ought
likewise
to
be
changed
if
possible
,
even
the
very
Religion
it self
,
(
were
men
prophane
enough
to
meddle
therewith
)
and
that
Cruelty
ought
wholly
to
banish
Clemency
,
yet
all
men
know
,
that
as
to
the
point
of
Religion
,
he
did
leave
things
as
he
found
them
;
and
that
he
saved
more
lives
by
thousands
,
then
obstinacy
and
despair
did
cause
to
perish
.
Nay
,
he
did
even
wish
when
he
came
to
have
a
more
absolute
power
towards
the
latter
end
of
his
dayes
,
that
those
which
had
been
put
to
death
were
yet
alive
;
protesting
solemnly
,
that
if
he
could
not
change
their
hearts
he
would
have
changed
their
Dooms
,
and
convert
their
deaths
into
a
banishment
;
which
is
easily
to
be
believed
,
by
the
goodness
which
he
hath
exercised
towards
the
children
of
such
as
were
put
to
death
,
even
those
who
were
his
most
implacable
enemies
;
leaving
them
in
possession
both
of
their
Goods
and
Titles
;
and
whose
losses
he
hath
recompensed
by
such
civillities
as
doth
evidence
,
he
learned
not
his
Politicks
in
Machiavils
School
;
So
likewise
those
Alliances
which
he
made
,
and
those
Wars
which
he
undertook
,
had
all
of
them
motives
of
Generosity
,
and
were
founded
on
Equity
and
Reason
;
if
so
be
we
consider
the
very
first
whereinto
he
onely
stept
by
the
degree
of
a
Captain
,
and
which
may
be
termed
a
necessary
evil
and
an
inevitable
one
,
begotten
by
the
remissness
of
the
Political
Body
,
and
by
the
corruption
of
the
Clergy
;
I
do
finde
that
two
high
injustices
were
the
primitive
causes
thereof
,
the
first
was
the
usurpations
of
the
Saxons
,
Danes
,
and
Normanns
;
the
second
was
the
peaceful
humor
and
dispositions
of
King
James
,
and
the
idleness
and
sloathfulness
of
the
Nobility
,
who
constrained
their
younger
brethren
to
serve
them
,
or
to
learn
Trades
,
by
taking
away
from
them
the
means
to
subsist
by
the
way
of
Arms
;
which
is
a
priviledge
more
then
legitimate
,
due
by
the
elder
brother
to
the
younger
,
and
by
Princes
to
such
Martial
Spirits
as
live
in
their
Dominions
;
if
the
Saxons
and
other
Usurpers
or
Conquerors
of
England
did
by
force
of
Arms
become
Masters
of
the
Countrey
,
and
did
cast
out
the
right
Possessours
thereof
,
and
by
success
of
time
falling
from
a
Forreign
Injustice
into
a
Domestick
Injustice
,
they
reduced
their
younger
Brothers
to
Mecannick
professions
.
At
present
they
demand
that
they
may
be
permitted
to
expose
their
bloods
and
their
lives
for
the
preservation
of
their
Brethrens
:
That
the
exercise
of
Arms
may
be
abolished
in
so
Populous
and
Warlike
a
State
:
that
the
banished
glory
which
formerly
with
so
much
Pomp
reigned
in
England
may
be
restored
again
.
And
as
for
the
War
which
his
late
Highness
declared
against
Spain
,
that
is
so
generous
,
that
a
man
may
averre
,
that
glory
was
the
onely
motive
thereof
;
and
that
thereby
he
espoused
the
Interest
of
all
the
people
which
were
oppressed
,
and
of
all
the
Princes
which
the
Ambition
of
Spain
had
despoyled
of
their
States
and
Territories
.
And
the
two
most
unfortunate
people
of
the
earth
were
the
first
objects
of
his
Generosity
,
and
those
which
were
the
most
of
all
abandoned
,
were
the
first
that
felt
the
effects
of
that
Arm
which
stretched
it self
forth
to
their
assistance
;
Who
sent
for
you
into
this
Countrey
?
And
let
them
there
starve
to
death
,
whilest
the
Birds
of
the
Air
did
feed
upon
their
flesh
as
they
were
yet
alive
.
And
also
Flanders
,
the
Sea
whereof
like
unto
a
sharp
humour
,
did
alwayes
nourish
the
wounds
and
incurable
evils
,
she
never
was
in
so
fair
a
way
to
recover
her
perfect
health
by
the
neighbourly
refreshments
which
England
at
present
doth
profer
unto
her
,
and
the
fresh
Air
which
France
would
also
have
her
enjoy
.
Nor
was
the
French
letting
her
blood
sufficient
to
cure
her
,
for
she
needed
an
English
Physician
who
was
accustomed
to
cure
and
treat
incurable
bodies
;
so
that
in
case
this
unfortunate
fair
one
will
in
the
least
conform
her self
to
those
Remedies
which
are
profered
unto
her
,
and
the
which
will
be
no
violenter
then
she
her self
pleaseth
;
she
may
be
rendred
plump
and
well
liking
,
as
the
fresh
Air
and
Blossoms
of
France
can
make
her
,
and
as
the
Sweets
and
Delicacies
of
England
can
procure
unto
her
.
In
like
manner
,
it
was
a
high
point
of
Generosity
in
the
English
,
since
they
caused
France
to
lose
Graveling
and
Dunkirk
,
to
help
France
again
to
re-take
such
places
in
those
parts
as
might
repay
them
with
use
,
and
elsewhere
also
,
such
as
might
stand
them
in
as
great
stead
;
as
Montmedy
,
which
was
the
first
considerable
reduced
place
after
this
happy
Alliance
,
and
the
which
crowned
the
same
.
And
truly
here
we
may
consider
the
Generosity
of
his
late
Highness
,
in
its
most
perfect
dye
or
luster
;
for
without
having
regard
to
those
Advantages
which
Spain
might
render
him
as
to
the
Commerce
,
the
places
of
Hostage
which
she
profered
to
put
into
his
hands
for
secure
Retreats
,
as
Graveling
,
Dunkirk
,
and
others
;
he
was
swayed
by
those
Resentments
which
the
English
Nation
ought
to
have
harboured
for
the
several
and
innumerable
injuries
and
wrongs
sustained
by
that
Nation
;
as
the
Spanish
intended
Invasion
with
their
great
Fleet
in
88.
Their
Tyranny
in
the
Indies
,
and
the
Cruelties
and
Barbarismes
which
they
inflict
upon
all
those
who
will
not
acquiess
unto
,
and
follow
their
Maximes
and
Opinions
.
His
late
Highness
therefore
preferred
the
Alliance
and
League
with
France
because
it
was
more
Christian-like
,
permitting
all
men
to
make
use
of
that
Liberty
of
Conscience
and
Freedom
,
which
Jesus
Christ
hath
acquired
unto
them
by
his
Blood
;
and
gaining
them
by
meekness
and
courteousness
to
his
Divine
example
,
and
not
by
Cruelties
and
Oppressions
.
His
late
Highness
sided
with
France
the
rather
,
because
she
hath
undertaken
the
Defence
of
all
oppressed
people
,
as
well
Princes
as
Subjects
.
And
to
alledge
all
in
one
word
,
and
so
to
compleat
the
height
of
Generosity
it self
;
because
France
at
that
time
was
the
weakest
,
as
being
abandoned
by
some
of
her
ancient
Allies
,
and
as
it
were
quite
disordered
by
an
intestine
War
,
which
had
most
violently
shaken
her
bowels
;
so
likewise
must
France
needs
confess
,
that
without
the
assistance
of
England
,
her
Navigation
was
totally
ruined
;
the
Pyrats
of
Dunkirk
having
blocked
up
all
her
Sea
Ports
,
in
so
much
,
that
Merchandizes
were
brought
in
as
it
were
by
stealth
;
and
France
might
have
been
forced
to
have
kept
but
a
lean
Lent
,
all
their
Farms
and
Farmers
being
destroyed
;
their
Butter
,
Cheese
,
and
all
kinde
of
Spices
and
other
Wares
of
that
nature
,
being
set
at
such
rates
as
the
Common
people
were
not
able
to
pay
for
them
:
So
that
had
not
the
English
scoured
their
Seas
,
and
driven
away
and
chased
those
Pyrats
which
lay
lurking
in
such
neighbouring
Ports
,
France
had
been
in
a
sad
condition
;
whereas
now
by
the
means
of
the
English
,
all
Forreign
Nations
come
freely
into
the
French
Ports
with
their
Ships
and
Goods
.
And
for
to
increase
the
courtesie
of
the
English
yet
more
to
France
,
by
saving
the
French
the
labour
,
charges
,
and
hazzards
of
going
to
the
Indies
,
they
thence
bring
home
unto
their
doors
,
in
Exchange
of
their
Linnen
and
Wines
,
all
the
good
things
and
delicacies
,
which
not
onely
the
New
World
,
but
the
rest
of
the
World
plentifully
and
abundantly
affords
.
I
shall
enlarge
my self
no
further
in
these
Political
Reflections
,
but
referre
the
Reader
to
the
incomparable
Work
lately
Printed
,
intituled
,
History
and
Policy
reviewed
.
FINIS
.