The
Surprizing
Miracles
of
Nature
in
the
Heavens
,
Earth
,
and
Waters
.
STrange
and
Wonderful
have
been
the
Miraculous
Productions
of
Nature
in
all
Ages
,
or
rather
of
the
God
of
Nature
,
and
Divine
Providence
:
St.
Auflin
,
that
Famous
and
Reverend
Father
of
the
Church
,
defineth
Miracles
to
be
those
things
which
happen
beyond
the
Expectation
,
or
thought
of
the
Beholder
,
and
begets
in
him
a
Miraculous
Contemplation
,
yea
,
oftentimes
horrour
and
amazement
;
whereof
there
are
two
kinds
,
True
and
False
;
the
false
Miracles
are
such
as
are
not
really
as
they
seem
to
be
,
but
meerly
acted
by
the
Power
of
Nature
,
although
obscure
and
hid
;
The
True
are
performed
by
the
Power
of
God
,
above
and
beyond
all
the
Faculties
of
created
Nature
,
partly
to
procure
Admiration
,
and
partly
to
confirm
the
Faith
of
Men
;
such
were
the
bringing
back
of
the
shadow
Ten
Degrees
in
the
Dial
of
Ahaz
,
for
Hezekiah
;
A
Virgin
to
conceive
with
Child
,
and
yet
remain
a
Virgin
:
To
draw
water
out
of
a
hard
Rock
:
To
cause
the
Sea
to
divide
asunder
;
The
Sun
to
stand
still
:
To
cause
Manna
to
fall
from
Heaven
:
To
turn
Water
into
Wine
;
and
many
of
the
like
kind
recorded
in
the
Holy
Scriptures
;
And
these
were
formerly
used
for
the
Confirming
of
the
Faith
both
of
Jews
and
Christians
;
but
are
not
now
necessary
,
since
the
Writings
of
the
Prophets
,
Evangelists
and
Apostles
are
so
generally
preached
unto
all
.
Yet
hath
not
the
Almighty
left
himself
without
Witness
,
nor
mankind
without
warnings
of
approaching
Judgments
,
and
Desolations
,
by
Prodigious
Signs
,
and
Wonderful
Appearances
in
all
times
of
the
World
;
thereby
if
possible
,
to
deter
them
from
their
Evil
Practices
,
and
to
induce
them
to
repentance
and
Reformation
;
of
which
the
very
Heathens
were
sensible
,
for
we
may
find
in
the
Roman
Histories
,
that
there
never
happened
any
Remarkable
Prodigy
,
but
the
People
of
every
Sex
,
Age
,
and
Quality
,
flockt
,
and
ran
to
their
Temples
and
Altars
,
making
Prayers
,
and
offering
Sacrifices
to
their
Gods
for
appeasing
,
and
pacifying
their
incensed
Wrath
;
which
may
condemn
the
neglect
and
Contempt
that
is
in
those
who
pretend
to
own
the
true
Christian
Religion
,
and
may
teach
us
to
repair
to
the
true
God
,
and
implore
his
mercy
and
forbearance
of
pouring
his
Wrath
upon
us
;
In
order
whereunto
it
cannot
surely
be
unseasonable
,
nor
unprofitable
to
Collect
out
of
very
approved
Authors
,
the
most
Remarkable
Prodigies
or
Miracles
that
have
appeared
cither
in
the
Heavens
,
Earth
,
or
Waters
,
for
some
Thousands
of
years
in
this
Kingdom
,
and
many
other
parts
of
the
World
;
with
the
Tremendous
Consequences
that
have
succeeded
divers
of
them
,
as
to
Wars
,
Fires
,
Famines
,
and
other
dreadful
Calamities
in
several
Nations
;
upon
some
of
which
the
Famous
Dubartas
thus
Ingeniously
Comments
.
page
14.
Here
in
the
night
appears
a
flaming
Spire
,
There
a
fierce
Dragon
folded
all
in
Fire
;
Here
a
bright
Comet
,
there
a
fiery
Stream
;
Here
Flying
Lances
,
there
a
burning
Beam
:
Here
seems
a
Horned
Goat
inviron'd
round
With
fiery
flakes
,
about
the
Air
to
bound
;
There
with
long
bloody
Hair
,
a
Blazing-Star
Threatens
the
World
with
Famine
,
Plague
and
War
.
To
Princes
Death
;
to
Kingdoms
many
Crosses
,
To
all
Estates
,
Inevitable
Losses
:
To
Herdsmen
Rot
;
To
Ploughmen
hapless
seasons
;
To
Saylers
storms
;
To
Cities
,
Civil
Treasons
.
I
shall
therefore
proceed
to
give
an
Account
of
the
most
Famous
,
and
surprizing
Signs
and
Wonders
which
I
find
recorded
in
History
.
I.
In
the
time
of
the
Carthaginian
War
,
a
River
in
Italy
was
observed
for
near
the
space
of
a
day
,
to
run
perfect
Blood
;
no
accident
that
might
cause
it
being
perceived
by
any
.
In
Hetruria
the
Heavens
were
seen
to
burn
;
In
the
City
of
Arimini
3
Moons
were
seen
in
one
night
by
the
Inhabitants
;
all
these
Prodigies
appeared
about
the
end
of
the
first
Carthaginian
War
;
In
the
second
War
,
after
Hanno
was
overcome
by
Scipio
,
a
Child
of
a
Month
old
was
heard
to
cry
in
the
Street
,
Triumphi
,
Triumphi
:
In
the
Fields
,
near
Rome
,
Ships
were
discerned
in
the
Sky
,
and
Men
in
long
White
Garments
were
perceived
to
march
towards
each
other
,
but
never
to
meet
:
It
likewise
rained
Stones
,
and
the
Sun
and
Moon
were
seen
as
it
were
to
justle
each
other
;
and
in
the
day
,
two
Moons
appeared
in
the
Heavens
;
At
Phalascis
the
Heavens
seemed
to
be
rent
in
sunder
,
and
at
Capua
the
Moon
seemed
to
burn
,
and
to
bend
down
towards
the
Earth
;
A
Green
Palm-Tree
in
Naples
took
Fire
,
and
burned
away
to
Ashes
;
At
Mantua
a
little
Rivulet
was
turned
into
blood
,
and
at
Rome
it
rained
blood
:
An
Ox
was
likewise
heard
to
speak
these
Words
,
Cave
tibi
Roma
;
Rome
look
to
thy self
.
Soon
after
,
several
large
,
tall
Ships
appeared
upon
the
River
of
Taracina
in
Spain
;
The
Sun
at
divers
times
appeared
of
a
bloody
colour
,
many
Temples
and
Houses
in
Rome
were
beaten
down
with
Thunderbolts
from
Heaven
,
some
of
the
Cities
Ensigns
,
or
Field-Colours
were
observed
to
sweat
Blood
;
Two
Suns
appeared
in
the
Heavens
,
at
one
time
;
It
likewise
rained
Milk
and
Stones
:
A
Comet
in
the
form
of
a
burning
Torch
was
discerned
to
reach
from
the
East
to
the
West
.
In
the
Vileterman
Fields
the
Earth
rent
asunder
in
such
huge
and
frightful
breaches
,
that
Trees
,
and
whole
Houses
were
swallowed
up
in
it
,
and
it
rained
blood
for
two
whole
days
together
,
about
which
time
Hannibal
received
that
notable
overthrow
by
Scipio
,
which
was
the
destruction
of
the
famous
City
of
Carthage
,
and
the
Conquest
of
that
Countrey
to
the
Romans
.
Tit.
Liv.
Hist
.
II.
In
the
year
of
the
World
3417
,
when
Cyrus
overcame
Craesus
,
King
of
the
Lydians
in
Battel
,
a
Child
of
six
Months
old
is
said
to
have
distinctly
foretold
in
a
Prodigious
and
wonderful
manner
,
That
his
Kingdom
should
be
lost
.
A
Dog
and
a
Serpent
spake
very
plainly
and
articulately
to
King
Tarquinius
,
of
which
Sir
G.
Wharton
writes
thus
.
When
Romes
perverse
and
giddy
multitude
Dissolved
in
Tarquin
,
their
Great
Monarchy
,
To
doom
the
Act
unnatural
and
Rude
;
'T
is
said
,
a
Serp●nt
bark'd
—
In
the
year
of
the
World
3842
,
at
Veios
in
Italy
,
it
rained
Oyl
extreamly
,
and
Wool
was
also
rained
out
of
the
Clouds
;
In
the
year
that
the
Great
Mithridates
K.
of
Pontus
was
born
,
there
appeared
a
huge
Comet
,
which
at
first
seemed
but
small
,
but
afterwards
spread
it self
so
much
that
it
came
as
far
as
the
Equinoctial
Line
,
so
that
its
extent
equalized
that
Region
of
the
Heavens
,
which
we
call
the
Milky
Way
;
Another
Come●
likewise
appeared
in
the
first
year
of
his
Reign
,
which
shined
so
bright
night
and
day
for
70
days
together
,
that
the
whole
Heavens
seemed
all
to
be
on
a
lig●●t
Fire
;
for
the
Tayl
of
it
covered
the
fourth
part
of
the
Heavens
,
and
exceeded
the
Sun
in
brightness
,
and
also
its
rising
and
setting
took
up
the
space
of
four
hours
.
Just
before
the
taking
of
Aristonicus
,
a
dangerous
Enemy
to
the
Romans
,
news
was
brought
to
Rome
that
the
Image
of
Apollo
at
Cuma
had
wept
for
4
days
together
;
The
Southsayers
were
so
astonished
at
the
Prodigy
,
that
they
had
thrown
the
Image
into
the
Sea
,
had
not
the
old
men
at
Cuma
interceded
for
it
;
but
the
more
expert
Astrologers
said
,
That
thereby
the
Destruction
of
Greece
was
foretold
,
from
whence
that
Image
was
brought
.
Junius
Syllanus
going
Proconsul
into
Asia
,
he
with
his
Company
saw
a
spark
fall
from
a
Star
,
which
increased
in
Bulk
as
it
came
nearer
the
Earth
,
and
being
grown
to
the
bigness
of
the
Moon
,
it
gave
as
much
light
as
if
it
had
been
a
cloudy
day
,
and
when
it
drew
up
towards
Heaven
again
,
it
grew
into
the
fashion
of
a
Lamp
;
When
Julius
Caesar
had
crossed
the
River
of
Rubicon
,
contrary
to
the
Decree
of
the
Senate
,
the
Heavens
,
as
foreseeing
what
miseries
were
to
ensue
thereupon
,
rained
blood
,
and
there
happened
a
horrible
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
of
10
parts
and
an
half
,
of
which
Lucan
thus
speaks
.
—
The
Sun
hides
(
When
mounted
in
the
midst
of
Heaven
he
rides
)
In
Clouds
his
burning
Chariot
,
to
enfold
The
World
in
darkness
quite
;
Day
to
behold
No
Nation
hopes
.
—
The
same
day
that
the
Battle
between
Caesar
and
Pompey
was
fought
in
the
Pharsalian
Fields
,
the
Image
of
Victory
which
stood
in
the
Temple
of
Minerva
at
Eulide
,
was
seen
to
turn
its
face
toward
the
Temple-door
,
whereas
before
it
looked
to
the
Altar
;
At
Antioch
in
Syria
,
such
great
noises
,
and
Clamours
were
heard
twice
a
day
about
the
Walls
of
the
Town
,
that
the
People
affrighted
with
the
supposed
approach
of
the
Enemy
,
ran
out
of
the
City
in
their
Arms
;
In
the
Temples
of
Ptolemais
,
Organs
,
and
other
Instruments
were
heard
to
play
of
themselves
,
before
Julius
Caesar
was
slain
in
the
Senate
House
;
and
there
being
a
Colony
sent
to
be
planted
in
Capua
,
according
to
the
Julian
Law
,
and
some
Monuments
being
demolished
to
lay
Foundations
for
New
Houses
;
In
the
Tomb
of
Capys
,
who
was
said
to
be
the
Founder
of
Capua
,
there
was
found
a
brazen
Table
,
wherein
was
ingraven
in
Greek
Letters
.
That
whensoever
the
bones
of
Capys
should
be
uncovered
one
of
the
Julian
Family
should
be
slain
by
the
hands
of
his
own
Party
,
and
that
his
blood
should
be
revenged
to
the
great
damage
of
all
Italy
;
At
the
same
time
also
those
Horses
,
which
Caesar
had
consecrated
to
Mars
,
after
his
passage
over
Rubicon
,
did
abstain
from
all
kind
of
Food
,
and
were
observed
to
have
drops
falling
from
their
Eyes
,
after
such
a
manner
,
as
if
they
had
shed
Tears
.
Also
the
Bird
Regulus
,
having
a
little
branch
of
Lawrel
in
her
Mouth
,
flew
with
it
into
Pomp●ys
Court
,
where
she
was
torn
in
pieces
by
divers
other
Birds
that
pursued
her
,
where
also
Caesar
himself
was
soon
after
slain
with
Twenty
three
wounds
,
by
Brutus
,
Cassius
,
and
others
.
Shortly
after
his
Death
about
the
time
of
the
banishment
of
Antonius
and
●●●idus
,
an
Ox
being
led
out
to
the
Plough
,
uttered
these
words
to
his
Master
,
Why
urge
you
me
to
work
,
we
shall
want
no
Corn
,
but
men
:
And
a
new
Born
Child
did
speak
.
A.
B.
V●ers
Annals
.
Pearson's
Va●●●●es
.
III.
About
the
time
that
our
Lord
and
Saviour
was
born
,
which
was
in
the
year
of
the
World
,
3849
,
and
the
43
year
of
the
Reign
of
Augustus
Caesar
,
many
wonderful
,
and
remarkable
Prodigies
shewed
themselves
in
the
Heavens
,
and
this
more
frequently
than
in
former
years
,
as
Jesphas
in
his
Jewish
Antiquities
testifies
;
which
unusual
sights
occasioned
the
M●gi
,
or
Wise
Men
of
those
times
,
in
their
Predictions
to
conclude
,
That
〈◊〉
more
than
Ordinary
Person
would
arise
,
or
appear
in
the
World
:
Which
presages
some
Learned
Persons
applyed
to
Augustus
C●●sar
,
who
then
reigned
prosperously
;
But
the
more
divinely
inspired
,
interpreted
them
to
signifie
him
,
who
(
as
the
Prophet
Isaiah
saith
)
should
have
his
Government
upon
his
shoulders
,
Even
the
Saviour
of
the
whole
World
;
for
besides
what
the
Evangelists
mention
,
as
of
the
Angel
appearing
to
the
Shepherds
,
and
that
Star
which
directed
the
wise
men
of
the
East
to
find
out
the
place
〈…〉
.
As
the
Earth
with
a
New
Sun
was
blest
,
So
th'
Heavens
with
a
New
Star
is
drest
.
It
is
likewise
recorded
by
Paul
Horatius
,
and
Eutropius
,
Secretaries
to
Augustus
,
and
likewise
by
Eusebius
,
That
at
the
time
that
Jesus
Christ
was
born
,
it
happened
in
Rome
,
that
in
a
publick
Inn
was
discovered
,
and
broke
forth
a
Fountain
of
pure
Oil
,
which
for
the
space
of
a
whole
day
continually
issued
out
in
great
abundance
,
and
that
at
high
Noon
,
in
a
clear
and
fair
day
,
a
Circle
was
seen
about
the
Sun
,
as
shining
and
resplendent
as
the
Sun
it self
;
About
the
same
time
,
the
Senate
and
People
of
Rome
offered
to
Augustus
the
Title
of
Lord
,
which
he
refused
,
and
would
not
accept
of
,
unknowingly
prognosticating
that
a
greater
Lord
than
he
,
was
upon
Earth
,
to
whom
that
Title
belonged
;
Comestor
in
his
Scholastick
History
affirms
,
That
the
same
day
of
the
Birth
of
Christ
,
the
Temple
in
Rome
dedicated
by
the
Romans
to
the
Goddess
Pax
,
fell
to
the
Earth
ruined
;
adding
that
when
it
was
first
built
by
the
Romans
,
they
addressed
to
the
Oracle
of
Apollo
,
to
know
how
long
time
it
should
endure
,
who
returned
answer
,
Even
until
a
Virgin
should
bring
forth
a
Child
;
which
they
judged
impossible
,
and
that
therefore
their
Temple
should
last
Eternally
,
nevertheless
at
the
Virgins
bearing
a
Child
,
(
even
the
King
of
Heaven
)
it
fell
to
the
Earth
.
Lucas
de
Tuy
in
his
Chronicle
of
Spain
writes
,
That
he
hath
found
in
the
Ancient
Histories
of
that
Countrey
,
That
by
Computation
of
time
;
the
same
night
wherein
our
Saviour
was
born
,
there
appeared
in
Spain
at
mid-night
a
Cloud
,
which
gave
so
great
a
Light
,
that
it
seemed
like
mid-day
.
I
remember
also
(
saith
my
Author
)
I
have
read
in
St
,
Jerom
,
That
when
the
Virgin
fled
with
her
Son
into
Egypt
,
all
the
Idols
and
Images
of
the
Gods
which
were
there
,
tumbled
from
their
Altars
to
the
Ground
;
And
that
the
Oracles
and
Answers
which
these
Gods
(
or
rather
Devils
)
used
to
give
to
such
questions
as
were
propounded
to
them
,
then
ceased
,
and
never
answered
afterwards
:
Rarities
of
the
Creation
.
p.
84.
IV.
About
the
first
year
after
the
Birth
of
Christ
,
there
were
many
Prodigious
Births
in
Germany
;
Armies
in
the
Air
were
seen
at
Rome
;
A
terrible
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
,
and
dreadful
storms
of
Hail
and
Rain
.
Soon
after
,
Tiberius
obtains
a
Victory
in
Germany
,
and
subdues
the
Lombards
;
The
Panonians
Rebel
:
A
very
great
Famine
in
Rome
:
Varus
is
defeated
,
and
killeth
himself
.
About
the
Twelfth
year
there
was
a
great
Earth●●ake
in
C●prus
,
which
overthrew
many
Cities
:
Jesus
Christ
disputes
with
the
Doctors
,
a
great
and
terrible
Comet
then
seen
;
The
Light
of
the
Sun
was
seen
apparently
to
fail
;
The
Heavens
seemed
to
burn
:
Fiery
beams
fell
from
Heaven
;
Bloody
Comets
seen
in
other
places
:
The
River
Tiber
overfloweth
Rome
,
13
Cities
in
Africa
destroyed
with
an
Earthquake
;
Noysome
Flys
come
in
great
Swarms
and
Companies
into
Germany
;
The
Effects
whereof
were
judged
to
be
,
that
a
while
after
A●●●●s
,
a
great
Commander
was
slain
by
the
●all
of
an
Horse
,
Calig●ia
that
Monster
of
Mankind
was
born
,
King
Agrippa
was
slain
,
and
Julia
Daughter
of
the
Emperor
Augustus
was
starved
to
Death
;
Caesar
dyeth
;
The
Brittains
are
subdued
,
In
his
22
year
Blood
rained
in
Rome
;
Great
Flocks
of
Gra●hop●er
;
Armies
seen
fighting
in
the
Air
in
Rome
and
Po●●●d
;
Fiery
Torches
a
blazing
Star
like
a
Sword
;
soon
after
,
〈◊〉
Theatre
was
burned
:
Sejanus
,
chief
●●●ourite
to
the
Emperour
Tiberius
,
is
executed
for
A●●●ition
his
Son
strangled
,
his
Daughter
first
de●lowred
by
the
Hangman
,
and
then
put
to
Death
;
Drus●s
the
Emperors
Son
is
poysoned
;
The
Arabians
defeat
H●●od
;
the
City
of
T●●●ias
is
drowned
,
Tiberius
turned
T●●ant
,
and
commits
all
m●nner
of
horrid
Cru●●ies
upon
the
Romans
.
Natura
Prodig
.
p.
43.
V.
In
the
Thirty
Fourth
year
of
our
Blessed
Saviours
Life
,
he
was
crucified
by
the
wicked
hands
of
the●
Jews
,
which
produced
prodigious
Effects
,
that
were
afterward
attested
as
well
by
Heathens
,
as
Christians
;
at
the
time
of
his
Death
a
very
great
darkness
happened
in
the
day
time
,
which
continued
from
six
a
Clock
,
till
nine
;
and
yet
there
was
no
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
,
for
it
was
at
a
full
Moon
,
so
that
it
was
miraculous
,
and
contrary
to
the
Order
of
Nature
,
and
only
by
the
power
of
God
,
who
deprived
the
Sun
of
its
light
for
that
space
of
time
;
And
therefore
Dennis
the
Areopagite
,
being
that
day
in
Athens
,
and
seeing
the
Sun
so
darkened
,
and
also
knowing
as
a
man
learned
in
Astrology
,
and
the
course
of
the
H●avens
,
that
such
an
Eclipse
must
needs
be
contrary
to
the
Rule
of
Nature
,
spake
with
a
loud
voice
,
saying
,
Either
the
World
is
at
an
end
,
or
the
God
of
Nature
suffers
:
and
upon
this
Account
(
say
some
Authors
)
the
Wise
Men
of
Athens
being
astonished
at
this
Prodigy
,
they
presently
caused
an
Altar
to
be
built
to
the
Vnknown
God
,
after
which
St.
Paul
coming
thither
,
reproved
them
for
it
,
declaring
to
them
,
that
Jesus
Christ
,
the
Redeemer
of
the
World
,
who
had
suffered
,
was
that
Unknown
God
,
whereby
he
Converted
many
of
them
to
the
Christian
Faith
;
which
doth
also
demonstrate
that
the
darkness
was
over
the
whole
Hemisphere
,
since
it
was
seen
at
Athens
,
and
other
places
far
remote
from
Jerusalem
;
Yea
the
Moon
being
then
at
full
,
and
having
no
light
,
but
what
she
hath
from
the
splendour
of
the
Sun
,
and
being
then
in
the
Firmament
that
is
under
us
,
she
came
to
be
violently
eclipsed
and
darkned
,
so
that
the
darkness
was
universal
over
all
the
World
,
because
the
Moon
and
Stars
can
give
no
light
,
unless
they
receive
it
first
from
the
Sun
.
It
was
likewise
very
observable
,
and
is
acknowledged
by
the
famous
Historian
Plutarch
,
though
a
Heathen
,
that
after
the
Death
of
Christ
,
not
only
the
Oracles
of
Egypt
,
but
throughout
the
World
ceased
,
of
which
he
can
give
no
reason
,
(
being
ignorant
of
Christianity
)
but
that
there
were
some
Devils
or
Demons
dead
;
However
it
was
very
remarkable
,
that
Satan
should
so
plainly
demonstrate
himself
to
be
subdued
and
overcome
,
immediately
after
the
Death
of
our
Saviour
,
that
he
could
never
after
give
any
answers
.
The
Words
of
Plutarch
to
Emilius
the
Orator
,
a
prudent
,
and
humble
man
concerning
this
matter
(
of
which
Eusebius
writ
to
Theodorus
as
a
thing
of
great
note
)
are
as
followeth
,
That
his
Father
coming
one
time
by
Sea
toward
Italy
,
and
coasting
by
night
about
an
Island
not
inhabited
,
called
Paraxis
,
when
all
in
the
ship
were
silent
and
at
rest
,
they
heard
a
great
and
fearful
voice
which
came
from
that
Island
,
that
called
upon
Alaman
,
who
was
Pilot
of
the
Ship
,
and
an
Egyptian
born
,
now
though
this
voice
was
heard
once
or
twice
by
Alaman
and
others
,
yet
no
man
had
the
Courage
to
answer
,
till
at
the
third
Call
,
he
answered
,
Who
is
there
,
who
is
it
that
calls
,
and
what
would
you
have
?
Then
the
voice
spake
more
high
and
loud
,
and
said
to
him
,
Alaman
,
I
require
that
when
you
pass
near
the
Gulf
of
Laguna
,
you
remember
to
cry
out
aloud
,
and
make
them
to
understand
that
the
Great
God
Pan
is
dead
;
At
these
Words
all
that
were
in
the
Ship
were
much
astonished
,
and
at
last
after
Consultation
concluded
,
that
the
Pilot
should
take
no
notice
of
the
voice
,
nor
slay
in
the
Gulf
to
utter
such
words
,
if
they
could
possibly
go
beyond
it
;
but
go
on
in
their
Voyage
;
But
coming
to
the
place
which
the
voice
had
mentioned
,
the
ship
stood
still
,
and
the
Sea
was
calm
without
wind
,
so
that
they
could
sail
no
farther
,
whereupon
they
all
resolved
that
Alaman
should
perform
his
Ambassage
,
and
so
he
placed
himself
in
the
Poop
of
the
Ship
,
and
cryed
out
as
loud
as
he
could
,
saying
;
Be
it
known
unto
you
that
the
Great
God
Pan
is
dead
;
He
had
no
sooner
uttered
these
words
,
but
there
were
so
many
mournful
cryes
,
groans
,
and
woful
Lamentations
that
all
the
Air
resounded
again
therewith
;
these
Complaints
continued
for
some
time
,
and
extreamly
surprized
those
in
the
Ship
;
but
having
afterward
a
prosperous
Gale
,
they
followed
on
their
Course
,
and
being
arrived
at
Rome
,
told
of
this
Adventure
,
which
coming
to
the
Ears
of
Tiberius
,
the
Emperour
desired
to
be
informed
of
the
Truth
thereof
,
and
had
the
former
particulars
fully
confirmed
to
him
;
whereby
it
is
evident
,
that
the
Devils
in
all
parts
were
chased
and
banished
from
the
World
by
the
death
of
the
Blessed
Jesus
,
and
it
is
to
be
supposed
that
this
Great
God
Pan
is
not
to
be
restrained
only
to
the
God
of
the
Shepherds
,
but
was
rather
some
great
Master
Devil
,
who
had
now
lost
his
power
and
Empire
,
as
the
others
had
before
.
In
the
days
of
the
aforesaid
Tiberius
,
the
Emperor
,
Publius
Lentulus
being
at
that
time
President
in
Judea
,
writ
an
Epistle
sometime
before
this
to
the
Senate
of
Rome
,
which
was
as
followeth
.
There
appeared
in
these
our
days
a
man
of
great
Virtue
called
Jesus
Christ
,
who
is
yet
living
amongst
us
,
and
of
the
People
is
accepted
for
a
Prophet
,
but
his
own
Disciples
call
him
the
Son
of
God
;
He
raiseth
the
Dead
,
and
cureth
all
manner
of
Diseases
;
A
man
of
stature
somewhat
tall
,
and
comely
,
with
a
very
reverend
Countenance
,
such
as
the
Beholders
may
both
Fear
and
Love
;
His
Hair
is
of
the
Colour
of
a
Chesnut
full
ripe
,
and
plain
almost
down
to
his
ears
,
but
from
the
ears
downward
,
somewhat
curled
,
and
more
Orient
of
colour
,
waving
about
his
shoulders
:
In
the
midst
of
his
head
goeth
a
seam
,
or
partition
of
his
Hair
after
the
manner
of
the
Nazarites
:
His
forehead
very
plain
and
smooth
;
His
Face
without
spot
or
wrinkle
,
beautified
with
a
comely
red
;
His
Nose
and
Mouth
so
formed
,
that
nothing
can
be
reprehended
;
His
Beard
somewhat
thick
,
agreeable
in
colour
to
the
Hair
of
his
Head
,
not
of
any
great
length
,
but
forked
in
the
midst
;
of
an
Innocent
look
,
his
Eyes
grey
,
clear
,
and
quick
:
In
reproving
he
is
severe
in
admonishing
,
courteous
,
and
fairspoken
;
pleasant
in
speech
,
mixt
with
gravity
;
It
cannot
be
remembred
that
any
have
seen
him
laugh
,
but
many
have
seen
him
weep
;
in
proportion
of
Body
well
shaped
and
streight
;
his
hands
and
Arms
very
delectable
to
behold
;
in
speaking
,
very
temperate
,
modest
and
wise
;
A
man
for
his
singular
beauty
,
exceeding
the
Children
of
men
.
Josephus
likewise
,
a
Jew
by
Nation
and
descent
,
in
his
Antiquities
hath
these
words
;
In
these
very
times
lived
Jesus
,
a
very
wise
man
,
if
it
be
lawful
to
call
him
a
Man
,
because
in
truth
he
did
marvellous
things
,
and
was
Master
and
Tutor
to
them
that
loved
him
,
and
sought
the
Truth
;
The
Jews
and
Gentiles
Assembled
unto
him
,
and
followed
him
in
great
Companies
;
And
though
he
was
afterward
accused
by
some
of
the
Chief
of
our
Religion
,
and
crucified
,
yet
he
was
not
forsaken
by
those
who
before
followed
him
;
and
three
days
after
his
death
he
appear'd
alive
unto
them
,
according
as
the
Prophets
inspired
by
God
,
had
foretold
and
prophecied
of
him
;
And
now
even
in
our
time
the
Doctrine
and
the
name
of
Christians
continues
,
and
is
spread
over
all
the
World
;
These
are
the
words
of
Josephus
who
writ
of
the
destruction
of
Jerusalem
,
as
an
eye-witness
,
which
happened
forty
years
after
the
Death
of
Christ
.
Josephus
Antiquit.
VI.
In
the
39
year
,
after
the
birth
of
our
Saviour
,
a
very
great
Light
was
seen
in
the
Heavens
,
and
a
voice
encountred
Saul
going
to
Damascus
(
to
prosecute
the
Christians
with
all
severity
)
which
said
unto
him
,
Saul
,
Saul
,
why
persecutest
thou
me
,
&c.
This
Prodigy
was
the
Forerunner
of
St.
Paul's
Conversion
;
At
this
time
that
Tyrannical
Emperor
Caligula
,
commanded
himself
to
be
worshipped
as
a
God
,
and
executed
divers
Roman
Knights
and
Gentlemen
for
refusing
it
.
In
47.
The
Heavens
seemed
wonderfully
to
burn
,
and
a
Comet
of
a
very
great
magnitude
appeared
for
many
days
together
;
Lightning
fell
from
Heaven
upon
the
Standards
of
the
Praetorian
Souldiers
;
soon
after
Vespasian
goeth
into
Brittain
,
and
taketh
the
Isle
of
Wight
;
The
Romans
overcome
the
Picts
in
Scotland
;
Herod
dyeth
;
Twenty
Thousand
Jews
are
slain
between
the
Gates
of
the
Temple
;
Messalina
the
Empress
forces
Silvis
to
put
away
his
Wife
,
and
then
is
married
to
him
,
but
they
were
both
slain
.
In
50.
A
Phaenix
was
seen
in
Egypt
,
and
an
Island
of
thirty
Furlongs
in
length
appeared
in
the
Sea
,
which
was
never
before
seen
;
Three
Suns
appeared
at
one
time
in
Rome
;
and
in
and
about
the
Coasts
of
England
,
for
certain
days
the
Sea
seemed
as
blood
;
A
Comet
of
a
very
great
magnitude
appeared
for
a
long
time
together
in
Italy
;
The
Effects
were
,
a
very
great
Famine
in
Rome
;
Domitian
the
Roman
Tyrant
born
,
The
whole
Countrey
of
Trevers
in
Germany
is
wasted
by
Clodomore
;
The
Emperor
Claudius
is
poysoned
by
Agrippina
;
Three
thousand
Romans
are
defeated
in
Scotland
,
Agrippa
poysoneth
Sylanus
,
also
Narcissus
for
seventeen
Millions
of
Money
,
and
likewise
poysoneth
Brittanicus
:
Nero
begins
his
Acts
of
Villany
;
Cartismunda
,
Queen
in
Brittain
rejects
Venutius
her
Husband
;
he
makes
War
against
her
,
the
King
of
Scots
takes
her
,
and
buries
her
alive
.
In
59.
There
was
a
terrible
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
,
so
that
the
Stars
were
seen
;
Nero's
Supper
was
burnt
with
Lightning
;
an
Earthquake
happened
at
Rome
,
and
the
Sun
was
Eclipsed
again
,
and
again
,
that
is
three
times
visibly
in
3
years
;
Many
Jews
perish
in
Caesaria
;
Nero
commits
Incest
with
his
Mother
,
The
Brittains
slay
Seventy
Thousand
of
the
Romans
,
and
Suetonius
destroys
Fourscore
Thousand
Brittains
,
as
he
comes
from
the
Isle
of
Anglesey
;
St.
Mark
writes
his
Gospel
.
In
63.
A
great
Comet
appears
,
There
was
a
very
great
Inundation
in
England
;
The
Ocean
seemed
to
be
blood
;
A
Prodigious
Accident
was
seen
at
Colchester
in
England
,
where
the
Image
of
Victory
turned
backward
of
it self
;
An
Earthquake
in
Asia
;
A
Comet
appeared
six
Moneths
,
and
three
Suns
together
;
Rome
is
fired
by
the
Command
of
Nero
,
who
rejoyces
in
that
Villany
,
playing
upon
his
Harp
,
and
singing
the
Destruction
of
Troy
;
This
year
the
Jews
rebel
against
the
Romans
,
and
many
of
them
were
slain
,
Gassius
Florus
being
killed
by
them
.
Boadicia
Queen
of
the
Brittains
being
assisted
by
Corbred
King
of
Scots
,
killeth
Seventy
Thousand
Romans
.
Natura
Prodig
.
p.
46.
VII
.
In
the
Sixty
Seventh
year
after
the
Birth
of
our
Saviour
,
and
about
the
Fortieth
after
,
the
Jews
had
with
cruel
hands
crucifyed
the
Lord
of
Life
,
that
innocent
blood
which
they
desired
might
fall
upon
them
and
their
Children
,
began
to
be
revenged
upon
them
;
for
soon
after
the
Romans
came
,
and
burnt
down
,
and
destroyed
the
City
and
Temple
of
Jerusalem
,
and
kil'd
multitudes
of
them
,
as
by
the
sequel
will
appear
;
but
before
these
woful
Desolations
happened
,
there
wanted
not
Prodigious
Signs
,
and
warnings
from
Heaven
of
their
Approaching
Miseries
:
For
the
year
before
Vespasian
came
against
them
,
there
was
seen
a
Star
over
the
Temple
so
bright
,
as
if
a
man
had
held
many
drawn
swords
in
his
hand
;
And
at
the
same
time
which
was
the
Passover
,
that
whole
night
the
Temple
was
light
and
clear
as
at
Noon-day
,
and
continued
so
seven
nights
together
;
which
wise
men
understood
to
be
a
very
ill
Prognostick
,
though
others
thought
it
good
.
A
Sword
,
and
other
Instruments
of
War
were
seen
hanging
in
the
Air
directly
over
the
City
,
very
dreadful
to
behold
.
The
same
time
likewise
they
brought
a
Heifer
for
a
Sacrifice
,
which
when
she
was
knocked
down
,
she
calved
a
Lamb
;
besides
there
was
a
certain
Gate
,
called
the
East-gate
,
which
could
never
be
opened
or
shut
without
the
help
of
Twenty
men
,
and
the
creaking
of
the
hinges
might
be
heard
afar
off
;
This
Gate
was
found
open
without
any
mans
help
,
and
they
could
not
shut
it
,
till
a
great
number
joyned
their
strength
;
Moreover
there
was
discerned
on
the
Sanctum
Sanctorum
,
or
Holies
of
Holies
,
a
whole
night
long
the
face
of
a
man
very
terrible
.
There
appeared
also
at
the
same
time
four
Chariots
with
Horsemen
fighting
fiercely
against
each
other
,
and
great
Blasts
of
Fire
in
the
sky
coming
toward
Jerusalem
;
In
the
Feast
of
weeks
the
Priests
heard
a
man
walking
in
the
Temple
,
and
saying
with
a
wonderful
terrible
voice
;
Come
let
us
go
away
out
of
this
Temple
;
let
us
make
haste
away
from
hence
;
At
that
time
also
there
was
this
writing
found
graven
on
an
old
Stone
,
At
what
time
the
building
of
the
Temple
shall
be
brought
to
a
four
square
,
then
it
shall
be
destroyed
;
Now
when
the
Temple
was
besieged
,
and
the
Walls
bruised
,
the
Jews
making
haste
to
repair
the
Ruins
,
without
remembrance
of
the
old
writing
,
they
made
the
Temple
four
square
;
These
words
were
likewise
found
in
the
Walls
of
the
Sanctum
Sanctorum
,
When
the
whole
building
of
the
Temple
shall
be
four
square
,
then
shall
a
King
reign
over
Israel
,
and
that
King
and
Ruler
shall
reign
over
all
the
Land
of
Israel
:
Some
interpreted
this
of
the
King
of
Israel
,
but
the
Priests
said
,
it
was
meant
of
the
King
of
the
Romans
.
These
were
the
dreadful
Presages
of
their
ensuing
Calamities
,
which
never
ended
till
the
whole
People
were
almost
utterly
destroyed
,
and
they
ceased
to
be
any
more
a
Nation
,
which
sad
Judgment
remains
upon
them
to
this
day
,
and
whereof
I
shall
here
give
a
brief
Account
;
The
beginning
of
their
troubles
happened
in
the
time
of
King
Agrippa
,
during
whose
Reign
,
the
Wars
began
between
the
Jews
and
Romans
which
never
ceased
,
till
the
people
of
Judea
were
led
captive
into
the
Provinces
of
the
Romans
,
and
the
Temple
was
made
desolate
,
the
rise
whereof
was
on
this
occasion
.
In
the
Twentieth
year
of
his
Reign
the
ninth
day
of
the
First
Moneth
,
which
is
July
,
Nero
,
Emperor
of
Rome
sent
a
Present
for
a
Burnt
Offering
to
be
offered
at
the
Temple
of
Jerusalem
,
requiring
peace
of
the
Elders
of
Judea
and
Jerusalem
,
and
that
they
would
enter
into
League
with
him
,
saying
,
My
request
is
that
you
would
offer
my
Present
to
the
Lord
your
God
,
for
his
service
and
Religion
pleaseth
me
very
well
;
therefore
I
desire
you
to
joyn
in
Friendship
with
me
,
according
as
you
have
done
with
the
Emperors
of
Rome
,
my
Predecessors
in
time
past
;
I
have
heard
what
Cassius
the
Captain
of
mine
Army
hath
done
to
you
,
which
displeaseth
me
out
of
measure
,
wherefore
I
assure
unto
you
a
faithful
League
,
by
the
Consent
and
Counsel
of
the
Senate
of
Rome
,
that
hereafter
there
shall
never
any
Roman
Captain
stir
hand
or
foot
against
you
,
but
rather
your
Magistrates
,
Rulers
,
and
Judges
,
shall
be
all
Jews
,
and
of
Jerusalem
;
Yea
Agrippa
your
King
shall
be
Lord
of
all
your
Rulers
,
and
what
he
commands
,
you
shall
do
it
;
the
Romans
shall
only
be
called
your
Lords
,
and
shall
have
no
more
to
do
with
you
.
When
these
Embassadors
came
to
Jerusalem
,
they
delivered
their
Message
to
Anani
the
Priest
,
and
placed
Nero's
present
before
him
,
which
was
,
a
Bull
for
a
Burnt-Offering
,
with
a
Crown
of
Gold
upon
his
head
,
his
Horns
were
also
covered
with
Gold
;
upon
his
Body
was
a
Cloth
of
Purple
,
adorned
with
precious
Stones
,
before
him
some
Persons
carried
Ten
Talents
of
Gold
,
and
behind
a
great
number
of
Sheep
followed
for
Peace-Offerings
;
But
when
Eleasar
the
Son
of
Anani
heard
of
it
,
he
came
and
turned
Nero's
Presents
out
of
the
Temple
,
saying
,
We
will
not
prophane
and
unhallow
the
Sanctuary
of
our
Lord
with
the
Offerings
of
Strangers
;
for
God
will
not
accept
either
their
Burnt-Offerings
,
or
Peace-Offerings
.
When
he
had
thus
spoke
,
he
sounded
a
Trumpet
,
and
set
his
Men
in
Array
against
the
Guards
of
the
Romans
who
were
quartered
in
Jerusalem
,
and
falling
suddenly
upon
them
,
slew
many
of
them
that
day
,
with
one
of
their
Captains
,
and
took
another
of
them
alive
,
who
being
a
Valiant
man
,
and
seeing
himself
overpowred
by
the
Jews
,
he
cryed
out
,
save
my
Life
,
and
I
will
yield
;
upon
which
Eleazer
the
Rebel
swore
,
That
he
would
not
kill
him
,
but
spare
him
for
his
valour
,
he
having
slain
many
of
the
Jews
in
the
Conflict
,
whereupon
the
Captain
yielded
himself
Prisoner
;
Then
said
Eleazer
to
him
;
Even
as
thy
sword
hath
made
many
Women
Childless
,
so
shall
thy
Mother
be
made
childless
of
thee
above
all
others
;
and
thereupon
,
contrary
to
his
Oath
,
he
commanded
his
Servants
to
kill
him
;
King
Agrippa
seeing
this
,
was
extreamly
troubled
,
and
therefore
as
he
stood
in
the
street
,
cryed
out
,
O
thou
Rebel
Eleasar
,
I
pray
God
that
this
mischief
,
of
which
thou
art
the
cause
,
and
thy
wickedness
may
fall
upon
thee
,
and
thy
Fathers
House
,
which
when
it
cometh
to
pass
,
we
shall
not
be
disturbed
thereat
;
It
seems
hard
to
keep
Peace
and
Tranquillity
in
thy
days
,
for
they
are
not
like
to
be
continued
by
thee
;
How
long
wilt
thou
go
on
to
bring
us
into
Bryers
,
thou
Enemy
and
hater
of
the
Lord
?
Why
dost
thou
destroy
and
wast
the
Vineyard
of
the
Lord
God
of
Hosts
.
To
whom
Eleazar
replyed
,
Why
takest
thou
upon
thee
the
Name
of
King
?
If
thou
be
a
King
,
why
dost
not
thou
command
us
to
be
punished
?
Where
be
thy
valiant
Souldiers
?
Let
us
see
them
?
Come
thou
and
they
together
and
chasten
us
,
that
it
may
appear
whether
thou
indeed
be
a
King
or
no
;
Thou
standest
afar
off
,
and
when
thou
speakest
,
thy
Feet
are
ready
to
run
away
,
as
if
a
Dog
should
set
himself
against
an
armed
Man
,
and
bark
at
him
,
lolling
out
his
Tongue
.
And
upon
this
he
winked
upon
the
Rebels
his
Companions
to
seize
upon
Agrippa
,
which
was
observed
by
a
spy
appointed
by
the
King
for
that
purpose
,
who
laying
his
hand
upon
his
head
,
gave
a
sign
to
the
King
to
flee
away
immediately
,
or
else
,
the
Seditious
would
destroy
both
him
and
them
together
;
Agrippa
perceiving
this
,
got
away
with
all
speed
,
the
Rebels
pursuing
him
,
but
in
vain
;
for
he
got
into
Japho
a
Town
under
the
Romans
,
where
he
was
in
safety
;
from
thence
he
went
to
Rome
,
and
gave
an
account
to
Nero
both
of
the
sedition
,
and
the
slighting
of
his
Offering
;
whereupon
Nero
joyned
him
with
Cassius
to
command
a
great
Army
,
wherewith
they
entred
Judea
,
and
won
many
walled
Towns
,
and
rased
Japho
,
least
it
should
fall
into
the
hands
of
the
Enemy
;
After
this
they
marched
toward
Jerusalem
,
designing
utterly
to
destroy
the
Rebels
;
which
Eltaser
,
and
other
Priests
having
notice
of
,
they
issued
out
against
them
,
and
found
them
incamped
in
the
way
between
Jerusalem
and
Japho
,
where
many
of
the
Jews
were
slain
by
the
Romans
,
and
the
residue
Cassius
and
Agrippa
put
to
flight
,
and
following
the
Chase
to
the
Gates
of
Jerusalem
,
besieged
the
City
three
days
;
The
Fourth
day
the
Priests
and
People
issued
out
suddenly
,
and
unawares
,
upon
the
Camp
of
the
Romans
,
and
slew
five
Thousand
Footmen
,
and
a
Thousand
Horsemen
,
Cassius
perceiving
that
neither
he
nor
his
could
escape
,
chose
out
Forty
Thousand
of
his
best
Souldiers
,
and
placed
them
between
his
Camp
,
and
the
Priests
,
commanding
them
to
stand
all
the
night
sounding
their
Trumpets
,
and
making
of
Fires
,
and
not
to
remove
out
of
their
places
till
the
morning
,
that
hereby
,
he
and
Agrippa
might
escape
;
The
Jews
hearkning
to
the
sound
of
the
Trumpets
,
and
not
understanding
the
meaning
,
did
not
pursue
the
Romans
,
but
perceiving
in
the
morning
they
were
gone
toward
Caesarea
three
days
Journey
off
,
Eleasar
with
the
People
followed
,
and
found
the
Roman
baggage
strowed
in
the
way
,
that
they
had
thrown
away
to
escape
the
lighter
,
which
they
let
alone
,
and
pursued
them
to
the
Gates
of
Caesarea
.
But
Cassius
and
Agrippa
got
safe
into
the
Town
,
from
whence
they
went
together
to
Rome
,
and
gave
an
Account
of
their
ill
success
to
Nero
,
who
soon
after
sent
Vespasian
,
and
his
Son
Titus
to
revenge
the
Romans
on
the
Jews
,
commanding
them
to
rase
their
walled
Cities
,
and
destroy
whatever
they
found
,
without
sparing
either
Man
,
Woman
,
Child
,
Infants
,
sucking
Babes
,
or
Old
Folks
,
but
to
slay
all
;
The
Jews
having
Intelligence
of
this
,
chose
out
three
Captains
,
Josephus
the
writer
of
this
History
,
Anani
and
Eleasar
his
Son
,
to
be
their
Captains
,
Vespasian
first
invaded
Galilee
,
which
being
the
lot
that
fell
to
Joseph
to
defend
,
he
departed
from
Jerusalem
thither
,
and
built
up
the
Towns
that
were
destroyed
,
repairing
the
Walls
,
Gates
,
Bars
,
and
Pallaces
;
ordaining
also
Captains
over
the
People
to
lead
and
govern
them
,
some
of
Thousands
,
and
some
of
Hundreds
,
&c.
He
instructed
the
People
also
in
the
Feats
of
War
,
and
chusing
out
Threescore
Thousand
Footmen
,
and
some
Horsemen
,
he
marched
to
the
Cities
of
Agrippa
that
were
in
Judea
,
because
he
joyned
with
the
Romans
with
all
the
power
he
could
make
;
Joseph
therefore
first
approached
Tiara
,
a
great
City
that
belonged
to
Agrippa
,
where
his
Treasure
,
and
Ammunition
,
and
all
his
Jewels
were
,
and
offered
Peace
to
the
Inhabitants
upon
Condition
they
would
open
their
Gates
,
and
deliver
him
all
the
Riches
and
Treasures
of
Agrippa
,
which
if
they
would
do
,
they
should
be
safe
in
their
Persons
and
Estates
;
upon
these
Conditions
they
opened
the
Gates
,
and
Joseph
commanded
about
Six
Hundred
Wicked
Persons
in
the
Town
to
be
laid
in
Irons
,
and
others
who
had
aided
Vespasian
to
be
put
to
the
Sword
;
But
the
chief
Governour
of
the
Town
he
apprehended
alive
,
and
carrying
him
out
of
the
City
,
commanded
one
of
the
Souldiers
to
cut
off
his
hands
;
The
Governour
then
besought
Joseph
saying
,
I
beseech
thee
my
Lord
let
one
of
my
hands
only
be
cut
off
,
and
spare
the
other
;
At
which
Joseph
and
his
Souldiers
laughed
him
to
scorn
,
not
judging
him
a
man
of
courage
;
Joseph
then
bid
them
give
him
his
sword
in
his
own
hands
,
and
to
let
him
cut
off
which
hand
he
would
;
The
Roman
Captain
took
the
Sword
,
and
cut
off
his
left
hand
,
leaving
himself
the
Right
,
and
so
he
was
let
go
,
who
went
presently
to
the
Camp
of
Vespasian
,
declaring
what
shame
was
done
unto
him
.
After
this
the
City
of
Zippory
made
a
League
with
Vespasian
,
of
which
Joseph
being
certifyed
,
he
marched
thither
with
his
Army
,
but
the
Town
endured
the
assault
,
so
that
Joseph
could
not
prevail
against
it
,
and
therefore
besieged
it
a
long
while
;
In
the
mean
time
Askalon
revolted
from
the
Jews
to
the
Romans
,
which
was
thereupon
besieged
by
some
Jews
from
Jerusalem
;
but
Antonius
a
Roman
Captain
issuing
out
one
morning
before
day
,
fell
upon
the
Jewish
Camp
,
and
before
day
light
,
had
slain
above
Ten
Thousand
Jews
;
soon
after
those
of
Jerusalem
sent
Eighteen
Thousand
Men
more
to
Askalon
to
bury
the
bodies
of
the
Jews
that
that
were
slain
,
which
they
did
without
the
least
opposition
of
the
Romans
,
who
kept
themselves
within
the
Town
for
fear
of
them
;
Then
Joseph
gathering
all
his
Forces
together
,
assaulted
Askelon
with
his
whole
Army
,
and
won
it
,
slaying
afterward
Anthony
and
all
his
People
with
the
Sword
,
so
that
few
or
none
escaped
;
He
likewise
burnt
all
the
Villages
and
Hamlets
about
the
Town
,
and
in
all
other
Places
which
had
entred
League
with
the
Romans
,
he
flew
both
Jews
and
Romans
,
and
burnt
their
Houses
to
the
ground
;
This
done
Joseph
returned
again
to
Zippory
,
fought
with
them
,
and
conquered
them
,
burning
their
Cities
and
Villages
,
and
leading
their
Wives
and
Children
Prisoners
to
Jerusalem
,
and
all
the
Romans
he
found
there
,
he
put
them
to
death
.
Of
which
Transactions
,
when
Vespasian
and
Titus
had
an
Account
,
they
were
very
much
inraged
,
and
therefore
marching
to
Acho
,
where
K.
Agrippa
then
was
with
Forty
Thousand
stout
Souldiers
;
they
joyned
with
them
,
being
likewise
assisted
with
very
great
Numbers
of
Men
out
of
all
the
Nations
round
about
Jerusalem
;
with
this
vast
Army
they
went
from
Acho
to
Galilee
,
and
pitched
their
Tents
in
the
Mount
;
which
Joseph
hearing
,
issued
out
of
Zippory
with
all
his
Army
,
set
upon
them
,
and
slew
a
multitude
of
them
;
Vespasian
and
Titus
studying
revenge
,
resolved
to
surprize
Joseph
,
and
beset
all
the
passages
to
that
purpose
,
which
Joseph
understanding
,
left
Zippory
,
and
went
to
Tiberias
,
whither
Vespasian
followed
;
Joseph
perceiving
them
coming
,
fled
from
thence
to
Jorpata
,
the
biggest
City
in
Galilee
,
closed
up
the
Gates
,
and
there
remained
with
his
Army
.
Then
Vespasian
sent
several
Noblemen
as
Embassadors
to
Joseph
,
who
thus
addressed
themselves
to
him
;
Vespasian
,
General
of
the
Roman
Army
sends
to
know
what
it
will
avail
you
to
be
thus
blockt
up
in
a
walled
Town
,
he
desires
rather
that
you
would
come
forth
,
and
treat
peaceably
with
him
,
and
enter
into
a
League
together
,
for
it
will
be
for
your
benefit
to
serve
Caesar
Emperor
of
Rome
,
whereby
you
may
live
,
and
not
be
destroyed
,
nor
any
of
your
People
;
Then
Joseph
sent
Embassadors
to
Vespasian
,
desiring
Truce
for
a
few
days
,
to
consult
with
the
People
about
this
matter
;
which
he
agreed
to
,
and
Joseph
sent
to
the
chief
Priests
and
Rulers
of
Jerusalem
,
and
the
rest
of
the
People
the
following
Letter
;
Ye
shall
understand
Brethren
,
that
Vespasian
General
of
the
Romans
,
sent
his
Ambassadors
unto
me
inquiring
what
it
would
avail
me
to
be
obstinate
against
them
,
and
not
rather
to
come
forth
and
treat
of
Peace
,
and
to
joyn
in
League
together
,
that
we
may
serve
the
Emperor
of
the
Romans
,
so
that
we
may
save
our
lives
,
and
not
be
destroyed
;
And
I
beseech
ye
,
why
will
you
lose
your
lives
,
with
the
lives
of
your
Wives
,
your
Sons
,
and
your
Daughters
?
Why
will
you
all
fall
together
on
the
sword
,
The
Dreadful
Apparitious
and
Presages
seen
over
the
City
of
Ierusalem
Page
.
14
whereby
those
that
shall
be
left
alive
among
you
,
shall
be
led
Captive
out
of
your
Countrey
to
a
People
which
they
never
knew
,
and
whose
Language
they
understand
not
;
and
likewise
your
Countrey
shall
be
made
desolate
,
your
Sanctuary
laid
wast
,
so
that
there
shall
not
be
so
much
as
one
man
to
enter
into
it
;
Never
suffer
this
you
that
are
wise
men
,
but
rather
receive
my
Counsel
,
and
come
hither
to
us
,
that
we
may
consult
together
,
what
conditions
of
Peace
we
shall
make
for
the
safety
of
our
Lives
,
rather
than
be
destroyed
,
and
that
we
may
enjoy
the
blessings
of
our
Countrey
and
live
at
peace
therein
,
for
Life
and
quietness
is
to
be
preferred
before
Death
and
Banishment
.
But
the
Inhabitants
of
Jerusalem
,
with
the
Priests
,
Elders
,
and
Noblemen
of
Judea
,
and
the
rest
of
the
People
,
returned
this
answer
to
Joseph
;
Take
heed
to
thy self
that
thou
never
consent
to
receive
Conditions
of
peace
from
the
Romans
,
but
be
strong
to
fight
,
till
such
time
as
thou
shalt
consume
them
,
or
till
thou
,
and
all
the
People
dye
in
Battel
,
and
so
shalt
thou
fight
the
Battels
of
the
Lord
for
his
people
and
his
Sanctuary
,
and
the
Cities
of
our
God
,
in
the
mean
season
let
it
be
as
it
will
,
but
let
not
thy
power
be
with
them
.
When
Joseph
heard
this
Resolution
of
the
People
for
continuance
of
the
War
,
he
was
exceeding
angry
,
and
in
great
fury
fell
upon
the
Roman
Army
with
all
his
Forces
;
in
which
skirmish
,
very
many
of
the
Jews
were
slain
,
and
from
that
day
forward
Vespasian
began
more
fiercely
to
War
upon
the
Jews
;
He
marched
thence
to
G●rara
a
great
City
in
the
higher
Galilee
,
which
he
besieged
,
took
,
and
rased
to
the
Ground
,
slaying
all
the
people
.
Men
,
Women
,
and
Children
;
Oxen
,
Sheep
,
Camels
and
Asses
,
leaving
nothing
alive
,
and
then
said
.
Now
I
begin
to
be
revenged
for
the
Romans
which
the
Jews
murthered
in
the
Land
of
Judea
;
From
thence
be
came
to
Jorpata
,
where
Joseph
was
;
The
first
day
he
incamped
about
it
,
refreshing
his
Souldiers
with
plenty
of
meat
and
drink
,
and
then
furnished
every
man
with
Arms
;
The
next
morning
early
,
the
Roman
Army
gave
a
great
shout
,
and
beset
the
City
round
about
on
every
side
,
Joseph
standing
upon
an
high
Tower
,
beheld
the
mighty
Army
of
the
Romans
,
and
thereupon
founding
a
Trumpet
,
gave
a
sign
to
the
Battle
,
issuing
out
with
the
whole
power
of
the
Jews
upon
the
Roman
Camp
,
at
the
foot
of
the
Hill
;
and
maintaining
the
Fight
from
morning
till
night
,
at
which
time
it
being
dark
,
the
Jews
retreated
into
the
Town
,
and
the
Romans
to
their
Camp
;
the
next
day
the
Fight
was
renewed
,
and
so
the
third
and
fourth
day
,
wherein
many
were
destroyed
on
both
sides
;
For
the
Romans
advanced
confidently
,
and
stoutly
to
the
Battel
,
boastingly
saying
,
We
will
quickly
vanquish
this
little
Nation
,
as
we
have
subdued
all
others
against
whom
we
have
fought
,
and
they
shall
trouble
us
no
more
,
and
then
shall
we
be
at
rest
;
The
Jews
likewise
on
the
other
side
encouraged
themselves
against
the
Romans
,
saying
,
At
this
time
we
will
all
dye
together
for
the
Zeal
to
the
Sanctuary
of
our
God
,
and
will
never
suffer
these
unclean
Persons
to
pollute
it
,
and
having
once
destroyed
them
,
we
shall
be
quiet
ever
after
.
So
that
what
with
the
Pride
of
the
Romans
on
the
one
side
,
and
the
stiff-necked
stubbornness
of
the
Jews
on
the
other
,
much
people
perished
of
either
Party
.
At
this
time
the
Jews
who
dwelt
about
Jorpata
,
fled
to
the
Camp
of
Vespasian
,
and
joyned
with
the
Romans
,
and
alwaies
when
Joseph
skirmished
with
Vespasian
without
the
City
,
Vespasian
sent
a
Party
to
assault
the
City
,
so
that
Joseph
and
his
Men
fought
with
Vespasian
without
the
Town
,
and
the
Jews
within
defended
the
Walls
against
the
Romans
,
but
those
within
dayly
diminished
,
and
the
chiefest
of
Josephs
Army
were
slain
,
except
some
few
with
whom
Joseph
fled
,
and
recovered
the
Town
,
and
stopped
up
the
Gates
after
him
;
But
Vespasian
having
a
long
time
besieged
Jorpata
,
he
at
length
espied
a
Conduit
of
sweet
Water
without
the
Walls
,
which
ran
into
the
City
,
the
Citizens
drinking
thereof
because
it
was
good
,
this
he
cut
off
,
whereby
the
Inhabitants
were
destitute
of
drink
,
having
only
Well-water
,
which
Joseph
perceiving
,
and
judging
that
the
Romans
would
now
think
they
might
take
them
at
pleasure
,
since
they
must
dye
for
Thirst
;
He
thereupon
took
Garments
,
and
dipped
them
in
the
Well-waters
in
the
Town
,
and
hanged
them
over
the
Walls
in
several
places
to
declare
they
had
plenty
of
Water
.
Then
Vespasian
commanded
a
Mount
to
be
raised
nigh
the
Town
,
to
plant
an
Iron
Ram
,
wherewith
to
batter
and
beat
down
the
Walls
;
which
they
did
so
furiously
,
that
Joseph
perceiving
them
to
shake
,
filled
sacks
of
Chaff
,
and
hanged
them
down
by
the
Walls
,
which
by
their
softness
prevented
the
Force
of
the
Iron
Horns
of
the
Ram
;
which
Policy
Vespasian
observing
,
he
sent
secretly
into
the
Town
some
Jews
as
spies
,
who
should
cut
the
ropes
of
the
sacks
,
and
then
slip
down
the
Walls
with
them
,
thereby
to
be
secured
from
danger
,
and
several
other
devices
were
used
on
each
side
.
But
Joseph
perceiving
the
War
to
increase
dayly
,
he
issued
out
with
his
Forces
,
and
made
a
great
slaughter
in
the
Camp
of
the
Romans
,
burning
the
Mount
and
Engines
of
War
they
had
left
behind
them
,
and
forcing
them
to
retire
from
the
Walls
;
Vespasian
perceiving
his
men
shrink
,
stood
up
and
encouraged
them
so
much
with
good
Words
and
large
Promises
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
that
they
continued
the
Fight
against
Joseph
till
night
;
In
the
hear
of
the
Battel
,
the
Jews
wounded
Vespasian
in
the
Right
beg
with
an
Arrow
,
which
much
dismayed
the
Romans
to
see
the
blood
run
down
:
Titus
seeing
his
Father
wounded
,
was
much
disturbed
,
and
ran
to
help
him
;
to
whom
his
Father
said
,
How
comes
it
my
Son
that
thou
art
so
much
astonished
,
Take
heart
to
thee
,
and
with
undaunted
Courage
revenge
thy
Father
upon
the
Jews
,
who
have
now
the
better
of
us
.
The
Fight
was
that
day
exceeding
bloody
on
both
sides
,
very
few
being
left
of
Josephs
Party
,
who
returned
into
the
Town
.
The
next
morning
the
Romans
raised
a
new
Mount
,
and
renewed
their
Assaults
;
the
City
was
now
almost
desolate
,
most
of
the
valiant
men
being
already
slain
,
so
that
Joseph
with
those
few
left
,
and
likewise
the
Women
went
to
defend
the
Walls
;
The
Engines
throwing
stones
on
every
side
,
it
happened
that
a
great
stone
struck
a
Woman
with
Child
with
such
violence
,
that
it
passed
through
her
body
,
and
carried
the
Child
with
it
the
space
of
half
a
mile
;
another
stone
hit
one
of
Joseph's
chief
Commanders
with
such
force
,
that
it
divided
his
head
from
his
body
,
and
made
it
fly
a
mile
off
;
At
the
same
time
a
Roman
Souldier
was
got
under
the
Wall
,
and
just
going
to
shoot
Joseph
with
an
invenomed
Arrow
,
which
he
espying
,
cryed
out
,
Hold
thy
hand
wicked
fellow
,
and
do
not
kill
me
;
at
which
the
man
starting
aside
,
the
Jews
out
of
the
Town
suddenly
powred
boyling
Oyl
on
his
Head
from
the
Walls
,
whereby
his
skin
was
scalded
off
,
and
he
ran
away
naked
,
howling
and
yelling
to
the
Roman
Camp
,
where
he
dyed
.
Vespasian
and
his
Sun
were
fully
resolved
to
continue
the
siege
,
which
had
already
lasted
47
days
,
and
those
within
the
Town
were
so
tired
out
,
that
they
were
no
longer
able
to
supply
the
watch
upon
the
Walls
,
which
Vespasian
understanding
,
he
and
his
Son
Titus
one
night
scaled
the
Walls
in
a
place
where
the
Watchmen
were
wanting
,
being
followed
by
many
other
Roman
Souldiers
,
who
went
down
on
the
inside
,
and
breaking
open
the
Great
Gate
of
the
Town
,
the
whole
Roman
Army
entred
thereat
,
and
then
sounded
their
Trumpets
,
and
an
Alarum
to
battle
;
The
Jews
with
the
noise
and
Tumult
awaked
from
sleep
very
much
afraid
,
however
every
man
catcht
up
his
Arms
,
and
with
all
speed
repaired
to
the
Market-place
,
which
was
made
so
large
,
that
all
the
People
of
the
City
might
upon
occasion
meet
together
;
As
they
were
looking
about
,
they
saw
the
Roman
Army
marching
through
the
great
Gate
toward
them
,
whereupon
they
encouraged
each
other
,
saying
,
Let
us
dye
here
fighting
,
and
never
suffer
our selves
to
be
taken
alive
:
and
then
they
fell
upon
the
Romans
,
but
being
overpowred
,
most
of
the
Citizens
were
slain
in
the
skirmish
,
they
refusing
to
yield
or
take
quarter
,
because
they
would
not
trust
the
Faith
of
the
Romans
;
For
a
while
before
a
certain
Jew
besought
a
Roman
Souldier
to
save
his
Life
,
which
he
swore
he
would
,
saying
,
God
deal
thus
and
thus
with
me
if
I
kill
thee
,
therefore
yield
thy self
to
me
:
The
Jew
required
him
to
give
his
right
hand
in
Token
of
his
Fidelity
,
but
the
Roman
reacht
him
his
left
,
which
the
Jew
,
being
extreamly
astonished
,
did
not
observe
;
But
when
the
Roman
had
once
hold
of
him
,
he
held
him
fast
by
that
hand
,
and
with
his
right
hand
slew
the
Jew
with
his
sword
,
who
was
then
naked
and
unarmed
,
having
cast
away
his
weapon
upon
the
Oath
made
to
him
by
the
Roman
;
when
the
other
Jews
observed
this
Treachery
,
they
resolved
to
dye
altogether
,
and
never
trust
the
Romans
,
and
thereupon
fell
on
them
,
and
slew
many
,
yet
at
length
the
City
was
taken
.
However
,
Joseph
,
and
Forty
stout
men
his
Companions
made
their
escape
,
and
fled
into
a
Wood
,
where
they
found
a
certain
Cave
,
and
hid
themselves
therein
;
of
which
Vespasian
having
notice
,
sent
three
Persons
to
Joseph
to
desire
him
to
come
forth
,
and
he
should
have
his
Life
,
and
not
be
slain
;
upon
which
Joseph
debated
the
matter
with
the
rest
in
the
Denrequiring
their
advice
;
For
my
part
(
saith
he
)
if
you
will
follow
my
Counsel
,
I
think
it
best
that
we
go
to
them
,
but
upon
this
Condition
;
That
they
will
give
us
such
full
security
for
our
Lives
as
we
shall
require
,
which
being
done
,
I
doubt
not
but
Vespasian
when
we
come
to
him
,
will
extend
his
favour
to
us
;
But
they
perceiving
that
Joseph
inclined
to
yield
to
the
Romans
,
were
very
much
disturbed
,
and
perswaded
him
,
That
it
would
not
be
for
his
credit
to
save
his
life
with
the
loss
of
his
Honour
,
and
therefore
resolved
to
kill
each
other
,
and
dye
like
men
;
and
thereupon
each
man
drew
out
his
sword
,
and
came
to
him
in
the
midst
of
the
Cave
,
saying
,
Joseph
our
Prince
hear
thou
;
If
thou
wilt
be
ruled
by
us
,
we
will
first
kill
thee
as
our
Lord
,
and
a
great
Prince
,
and
thou
shalt
chuse
what
Death
thou
wilt
dye
,
that
thou
mayst
dye
Honourably
;
but
if
thou
refuse
to
dye
bravely
,
assure
thy self
of
this
,
that
every
man
of
us
will
set
upon
thee
,
and
kill
thee
:
Joseph
endeavoured
by
many
Arguments
at
large
,
to
divert
them
from
their
wicked
purpose
,
as
proceeding
rather
from
desperation
and
cowardise
,
than
true
Courage
;
But
nothing
would
prevail
,
he
therefore
subtilly
told
them
;
My
Brethren
since
you
are
determined
to
dye
on
your
own
swords
,
let
us
divide
into
Couples
,
and
cast
Lots
which
Couple
shall
dye
first
,
then
●hall
they
also
cast
Lots
which
of
then
shall
kill
his
Fellow
,
and
he
that
remaineth
shall
chuse
one
of
the
second
couple
to
kill
men
;
likewise
the
second
couple
shall
cast
Lots
in
the
same
ma●●●er
,
and
so
till
all
be
slain
,
that
we
may
not
see
the
Captivity
of
our
people
;
and
the
last
Couple
shall
either
can
upon
each
others
swords
,
or
else
cast
Lots
who
shall
●●ve
first
;
but
since
we
are
Forty
one
,
and
so
cannot
be
equally
divided
,
let
us
cast
Lots
which
shall
first
be
slain
,
and
when
he
is
once
out
of
the
way
,
let
us
divide
as
I
have
said
.
Every
man
liked
this
advice
,
and
desired
him
to
divide
the
Men
,
Joseph
answered
,
But
let
us
swear
by
the
Name
of
the
Lord
that
this
device
shall
stand
:
Which
they
accordingly
did
;
Then
Joseph
cast
Lots
,
who
should
be
the
odd
man
,
and
it
fell
upon
Jehoida
a
Galilean
,
a
valiant
man
,
and
one
of
the
chiefest
Councellors
of
Joseph
,
and
the
principal
perswader
of
this
wicked
Fact
to
kill
themselves
;
After
this
he
craftily
divided
them
into
Couples
,
so
that
the
Lot
of
his
own
Couple
came
forth
last
of
all
,
who
hoped
to
be
saved
,
trusting
in
God
,
and
believing
that
he
would
deliver
him
from
this
abominable
deed
;
Then
Jehoida
chose
him
one
of
the
first
couple
,
who
slew
him
;
That
done
,
the
first
couple
cast
Lots
between
them
,
and
the
one
killed
his
Fellow
,
and
chose
him
one
of
the
second
couple
to
kill
him
,
and
in
this
manner
did
they
all
,
till
they
were
all
slain
,
and
none
left
alive
but
Joseph
and
his
Fellow
,
who
said
to
Joseph
,
Come
let
us
cast
Lots
,
that
we
may
go
to
our
Brethren
;
Joseph
said
,
We
will
do
so
if
you
be
so
disposed
but
first
hear
me
a
few
words
,
have
not
these
sinners
rebelled
against
God
in
thus
murdering
themselves
so
shamefully
,
neither
could
I
by
any
means
disswade
them
,
nor
divert
them
from
their
opinion
,
why
should
we
sin
so
grievously
against
God
and
our
own
souls
;
If
thou
say
,
how
shall
we
do
by
reason
of
the
Oath
we
have
sworn
?
Dost
thou
not
know
that
a
wicked
Oath
is
better
broken
than
kept
,
and
this
is
a
breach
of
one
of
the
Ten
Commandments
,
which
saith
expresly
Thou
shalt
not
kill
.
Now
therefore
my
Brother
if
thou
wilt
be
ruled
by
me
,
thoushalt
save
both
thy
own
Life
and
mine
,
For
I
will
not
cast
Lots
,
neither
will
I
perform
the
Oath
we
have
sworn
,
as
being
directly
contrary
to
the
Law
of
God
;
but
if
thou
wilt
not
,
I
will
fight
with
thee
,
and
kill
thee
,
and
spare
my self
;
And
herewith
Joseph
leapt
back
,
and
drew
his
Sword
in
his
own
defence
,
His
Companion
knowing
Joseph
too
strong
for
him
,
stirred
neither
hand
nor
foot
,
but
said
,
Lo
I
am
content
,
do
what
thou
thinkest
good
,
because
thou
art
a
man
of
God
,
and
half
saved
thine
own
life
and
mine
.
Then
Joseph
called
out
of
the
Cave
to
Nicanor
,
offering
to
come
forth
with
all
that
were
left
alive
upon
security
given
,
which
Nicanor
readily
gave
in
writing
,
after
the
manner
of
the
Romans
,
and
reacht
it
into
the
Cave
upon
a
Spear
,
then
Joseph
and
his
Companion
came
forth
,
and
Nicanor
imbraced
him
,
kissed
him
,
and
wept
abundantly
with
him
,
especially
at
the
Relation
of
the
cruel
stubbornness
of
those
self-murdering
Jews
;
Then
Joseph
was
brought
to
Vespasians
Army
,
who
with
Titus
his
Son
,
received
him
very
kindly
,
and
carryed
him
about
with
him
through
the
Cities
,
together
with
King
Agrippa
;
then
Vespasian
marched
to
Caesarea
a
great
City
,
where
he
had
Intelligence
that
the
Citizens
of
Paphos
spoiled
the
Islands
with
their
Ships
,
upon
which
an
Ambush
was
laid
without
the
Town
,
and
when
the
Pyrates
were
gone
abroad
to
rove
,
Vespasian
entred
the
Town
and
took
it
without
any
great
refistance
,
because
their
Souldiers
were
absent
;
when
the
Rovers
therefore
returned
with
their
Navy
,
and
saw
the
Romans
in
the
City
,
they
endeavoured
to
land
,
but
a
huge
Tempest
and
mighty
storm
,
drove
all
their
Ships
which
were
on
the
Sea-shore
upon
the
Rocks
;
where
many
were
drowned
,
and
those
who
swam
to
Land
,
the
Romans
slew
,
so
that
hereby
above
Four
Thousand
stout
Souldiers
perished
,
which
with
those
that
were
slain
in
the
Town
,
amounted
to
Forty
Thousand
,
all
Jews
.
Then
Vespasian
sent
his
Son
Titus
,
who
with
his
Forces
won
all
the
walled
Towns
in
Galile
,
saving
the
Lives
of
those
which
yielded
,
and
killing
such
as
resisted
:
He
restored
likewise
to
Agrippa
all
the
Cities
in
Gallie
which
belonged
to
him
,
except
T●a●va
.
which
he
utterly
rased
,
slaying
all
the
men
who
were
fit
for
War
,
and
selling
their
Wives
and
Children
,
this
being
the
only
〈◊〉
all
Galile
,
where
T●tus
shewed
such
severity
.
Then
Ves●a●ian
went
to
Gamala
a
City
upon
the
top
〈…〉
,
near
which
was
another
Town
called
〈◊〉
;
They
both
belonged
to
Agrippa
,
who
therefore
desired
Vispasian
that
he
might
go
and
treat
with
them
,
and
thereby
prevent
the
destruction
of
the
place
,
and
accordingly
the
King
went
peaceably
to
them
,
and
they
received
him
very
courteously
,
(
though
they
intended
Treachery
)
saying
;
Thou
art
our
Lord
and
King
,
to
whom
therefore
doth
all
that
is
of
any
value
,
or
t●
be
desired
in
all
Israel
belong
but
unto
thee
,
therefore
co●●near
unto
us
,
and
debate
the
matter
with
thy
Servants
:
Agrippa
crediting
their
words
,
came
up
close
to
the
Wall
,
and
as
he
listned
to
those
who
talked
with
him
,
one
threw
a
great
stone
from
the
Wall
,
which
fell
just
between
his
shoulders
with
such
violence
,
that
it
struck
him
to
the
ground
,
and
broke
his
back
almost
,
and
one
of
his
Arms
;
His
Servants
stept
to
him
,
and
taking
him
up
,
carryed
him
to
V●s●●sian
who
seeing
him
so
terribly
hurt
,
swore
he
would
never
go
from
thence
till
he
had
taken
the
City
,
which
he
soon
after
accomplished
,
killing
every
man
,
and
leaving
none
alive
;
in
like
manner
as
at
Tiarva
;
He
came
then
to
Nascala
,
which
was
the
only
City
of
defence
left
throughout
all
Galilee
,
and
hitherto
reforted
many
Cut-Throats
,
and
Wicked
Persons
of
the
Lond
of
Judea
,
amongst
whom
was
Jehochanan
a
m●n
learned
and
witty
to
do
mischief
,
and
of
cunning
●loquence
;
Titus
was
sent
to
offer
them
Peace
,
but
〈◊〉
would
not
let
the
Romans
speak
to
the
People
,
but
told
them
,
the
next
day
was
the
Feast
of
Weeks
,
or
Whitsunday
,
and
the
third
day
they
should
have
an
answer
;
But
the
night
before
the
third
day
,
Jehochanan
,
and
his
Accomplices
got
privately
out
of
the
Town
,
and
fled
toward
Jerusalem
;
the
next
day
the
People
sent
word
they
desired
friendship
with
the
Romans
;
and
Titus
hearing
that
Jehochanan
and
his
Company
were
fled
that
night
toward
Jerusalem
,
he
sent
to
pursue
him
,
and
overtook
some
men
,
women
,
children
and
impotent
Persons
,
and
slew
them
all
,
returning
with
great
spoil
.
Titus
having
gained
all
the
Cities
in
Galile
,
Vespasian
marched
to
Mount
Tabor
,
which
is
continually
covered
with
Snow
,
the
height
thereof
being
Thirty
Furlongs
,
and
upon
the
top
is
a
Plain
of
Twenty
three
Furlongs
;
this
Mountain
he
took
,
and
the
Town
which
stood
thereon
;
But
Jehochanan
being
come
to
Jerusalem
,
associated
himself
with
a
great
number
of
Murtherers
,
and
blood-thirsty
Villains
,
who
came
out
of
all
Judea
,
upon
pretence
to
defend
the
Sanctuary
of
the
Lord
,
and
Anani
the
High
Priest
received
all
that
came
;
These
observing
the
valour
and
courage
of
Jehochanan
,
revolted
from
Anani
,
and
joyned
with
him
;
and
consulting
together
,
they
resolved
to
rob
all
the
Rich
men
of
the
City
,
and
began
quarrels
with
them
in
this
manner
,
when
they
met
any
wealthy
Person
,
they
thus
accosted
him
:
Art
not
thou
one
of
those
who
sent
Letters
to
Vespasian
,
and
the
Romans
to
betray
the
City
to
them
;
Thus
would
they
examine
them
before
the
People
,
and
when
he
would
answer
,
God
forbid
I
should
do
so
;
Then
would
they
bring
in
periured
Villains
.
Limbs
of
the
Devil
,
of
their
own
Company
to
bear
false
witness
against
him
,
that
he
might
be
condemned
as
a
Rebel
under
a
pretence
of
Law
:
Thus
dealt
they
with
several
Noble
men
,
and
chief
Citizens
,
and
their
Riches
,
Jewels
,
and
Goods
,
the
seditious
seized
for
their
own
use
;
They
likewise
put
the
High
Priests
out
of
their
Office
,
placing
ignorant
Rusticks
in
their
room
;
These
wretched
and
illegal
practices
so
inraged
the
honest
Citizens
,
that
they
resolved
to
joyn
themselves
together
,
and
withstand
them
by
force
,
which
they
did
accordingly
,
and
the
Fight
was
very
fierce
on
both
sides
,
in
the
Streets
,
Market-place
,
Temple
,
and
the
entrance
thereof
,
so
that
all
the
City
was
full
of
dead
Bodies
,
and
slain
men
;
but
at
length
the
people
prevailed
against
the
Ruffians
,
and
forced
them
to
fly
into
the
Temple
of
the
Lord
,
shutting
it
after
them
;
Anani
the
High
Priest
perswaded
the
People
not
to
fight
with
them
there
,
lest
they
should
pollute
it
with
the
blood
and
dead
Carcases
of
those
wicked
Persons
,
they
therefore
besieged
the
Temple
with
six
Thousand
choice
Souldiers
well
armed
,
to
keep
them
from
coming
forth
;
and
Anani
sent
to
Jehochanan
,
offering
Conditions
of
Peace
,
which
he
refused
,
expecting
relief
from
the
Ed●mites
,
and
one
night
soon
after
twenty
two
Thousand
of
them
came
against
Jerusalem
,
whom
with
the
Priest
discoursed
from
off
the
Walls
,
and
represented
their
unworthiness
in
joyning
with
the
Seditious
and
Murtherers
.
Whilst
they
were
discoursing
together
,
there
appeared
a
great
dark
Cloud
,
after
which
followed
dreadful
Lightnings
with
Fire
,
terrible
Thunderclaps
,
and
showers
of
Hail
,
which
wonderfully
affrighted
the
People
,
so
that
they
all
fled
away
,
leaving
the
defence
of
the
Wall
,
and
Anani
also
alone
;
but
Anani
took
courage
,
and
stay'd
to
observe
those
horrible
signs
from
Heaven
,
that
he
might
judge
what
they
presaged
;
And
he
gave
his
iudgment
indeed
,
but
not
according
to
Truth
,
for
he
foretold
,
That
the
Thunder
and
Hail
with
darkness
signisied
Gods
help
;
in
hope
whereof
he
perswaded
them
to
defend
the
Sanctuary
of
the
Lord
;
and
to
this
all
the
Elders
which
were
with
him
likewise
agreed
,
not
foreseeing
that
all
these
signs
betokened
the
miseries
that
should
come
upon
Jeru●alem
,
and
all
Israel
.
Now
when
those
who
were
be
●●●ged
in
the
Temple
perceived
that
the
Watch
at
the
Gate
were
fled
because
of
the
Tempest
,
and
that
none
in
the
City
durst
look
out
of
their
Houses
for
fear
of
the
terrible
Apparitions
in
the
sky
,
the
darkness
being
so
great
that
they
could
not
discern
each
other
;
then
came
these
desperate
seditious
Fellows
out
of
the
Temple
without
dread
to
the
walls
,
and
with
saws
and
other
Instruments
they
cut
asunder
the
Bars
and
Gates
;
and
when
the
crashing
of
the
Thunder
and
hail
was
greatest
,
then
they
laboured
hardest
in
wresting
asunder
the
Locks
and
Bolts
of
the
Gates
,
lest
they
should
be
heard
,
and
when
the
Thunder-clap
was
past
,
they
left
off
till
it
came
again
:
Thus
they
continued
,
till
at
last
they
had
broken
,
and
opened
the
Gates
,
and
let
the
Edomites
into
the
City
,
who
being
entred
,
marched
about
contriving
how
to
destroy
all
the
Citizens
of
Jerusalem
;
to
which
end
their
Confederates
in
the
Temple
joyned
with
them
,
they
swearing
to
each
other
to
be
one
People
,
and
one
Army
;
Then
they
being
confederated
together
,
slew
the
same
night
Eight
Thousand
Five
Hundred
of
the
Israelites
,
all
valiant
men
of
War
,
besides
a
multitude
more
of
the
Common
people
.
In
the
morning
they
laid
hands
on
the
rich
men
,
haling
them
before
the
Judges
,
and
the
Seventy
Elders
called
the
Sanhedrin
,
and
among
others
one
Sechariahu
a
just
and
vertuous
Person
and
only
guilty
of
being
too
rich
,
this
man
the
wicked
Jehochanan
brought
before
them
,
saying
,
Why
do
you
not
condemn
those
rich
Villains
,
who
have
conspired
with
the
Romans
to
betray
this
Holy
City
into
their
hands
;
The
Priests
and
Elders
knowing
the
innocency
of
the
man
,
sighed
and
wept
very
much
,
which
Jehochanan
perceiving
,
said
,
What
do
you
begin
to
weep
before
you
see
any
Corpse
,
I
wish
I
may
never
see
the
face
of
God
,
if
we
do
not
sit
in
Judgment
our selves
,
since
matters
are
thus
ordered
,
and
you
shall
be
the
first
we
will
judge
;
Then
the
wicked
multitude
seized
on
Sechariahu
,
and
haling
him
from
the
place
of
Judgment
,
carryed
him
to
the
top
of
an
high
Tower
at
the
East
end
of
the
Town
,
from
whence
they
cast
him
down
headlong
into
the
Vale
of
Jehosaphat
where
he
dyed
;
The
Priests
and
Judges
thereupon
were
much
afraid
,
since
Jehochanan
had
threatned
them
,
that
unless
they
condemned
every
man
whom
he
accused
they
should
all
go
the
same
way
;
Jehochanan
then
apprehended
Gorinian
a
valiant
man
,
who
had
often
made
great
slaughter
of
the
seditious
,
and
was
well
beloved
by
the
Citizens
,
whom
this
cruel
wretch
brought
forth
among
the
Rabble
,
and
villanously
killed
him
,
throwing
his
Body
to
the
Beasts
of
the
Field
;
In
the
mean
time
Vespasian
drew
near
to
Jerusalem
,
having
stayd
the
longer
at
Caesarea
,
because
he
understood
that
the
Jews
were
destroying
each
other
,
and
so
would
be
the
more
easily
conquered
,
which
accordingly
happened
;
For
by
the
wickedness
of
Jehochanan
,
an
innumerable
Company
of
them
were
destroyed
;
some
were
slain
with
swords
,
others
the
seditious
killed
with
short
daggers
;
which
they
carryed
privately
under
their
Garments
,
wherewith
they
would
suddenly
stab
innocent
men
to
the
heart
.
Jehochanan
having
subdued
the
City
,
he
sent
an
Army
out
of
Jerusalem
to
take
the
Cities
that
had
made
peace
with
Vespasian
,
which
they
sacked
and
rased
to
the
ground
,
and
whomsoever
they
found
therein
,
Romans
or
Jews
,
they
slew
;
among
others
they
took
the
City
Gerara
beyond
Jordan
,
where
they
remained
;
But
the
Inhabitants
of
Jerusalem
,
and
likewise
of
Gerara
sent
Ambassadors
to
Vespasian
to
come
and
joyn
with
them
against
these
Seditious
Rascals
;
Jehochanan
having
notice
hereof
,
and
hearing
that
Vespasian
was
marching
toward
Gerara
,
first
slew
the
chief
Governour
thereof
,
and
then
with
his
Companions
fled
out
of
the
Town
,
designing
to
secure
themselves
in
a
Wood
;
which
Vespasian
understanding
,
sent
out
Poligorus
after
them
,
who
overtook
and
made
a
great
slaughter
of
them
,
and
in
his
return
near
Jordan
met
with
many
more
going
to
joyn
with
the
Seditious
at
Jerusalem
,
whom
Poligorus
forced
back
to
the
River
,
and
slew
Thirteen
Thousand
of
them
,
the
rest
leaped
into
Jordan
,
and
were
drowned
,
in
all
to
the
number
of
Ninety
one
Thousand
Men
,
Women
and
Children
with
much
Cattel
,
who
were
all
lost
together
in
the
River
,
insomuch
that
the
Waters
of
Jordan
ran
over
its
banks
,
being
stopt
up
with
dead
Carcases
,
so
that
the
Fields
and
Plains
were
overflown
;
yet
at
length
the
Force
of
the
Waters
carryed
the
dead
Bodies
down
the
River
,
to
the
Sea
of
Sodom
,
and
all
the
Banks
of
Jordan
lay
full
of
dead
Bodies
:
After
this
Vespasian
went
into
the
Land
of
Edom
,
where
he
won
two
strong
Cities
,
and
slew
Ten
Thousand
of
the
People
thereof
,
leading
away
the
rest
into
captivity
;
and
at
length
came
to
Samaria
and
took
it
,
and
then
repaired
the
Walls
of
all
the
Towns
he
had
conquered
,
placing
Garrisons
therein
to
aid
him
,
when
he
should
besiege
Jerusalem
;
He
then
returned
to
Caesarea
,
and
mustered
his
whole
Army
in
order
to
prepare
for
that
siege
;
But
in
the
mean
time
news
came
from
Rome
,
that
Nero
the
Emperour
was
dead
,
and
it
was
at
first
reported
,
that
while
he
was
hunting
,
Fire
came
down
from
Heaven
upon
him
,
and
destroyed
him
;
After
whom
Galba
reigned
,
but
within
one
year
he
was
slain
by
the
Noblemen
of
Rome
;
and
Vitellius
was
made
Emperor
in
his
stead
,
he
was
a
Fool
,
but
yet
a
very
bloody
man
,
and
much
given
to
drunkenness
,
so
that
upon
all
accounts
he
was
altogether
unworthy
of
the
Roman
Empire
;
the
Roman
Nobility
who
were
with
Vespasian
hearing
this
,
were
much
offended
,
saying
,
Was
there
never
a
Nobleman
in
Rome
lest
,
to
be
placed
in
the
Empire
,
but
a
drunken
Wine-sucker
must
be
chosen
;
Why
did
they
not
rather
Elect
the
mighty
Prince
Vespasian
here
with
us
,
a
wise
and
valiant
Commander
,
who
hath
conquered
many
Cities
,
and
vanquished
divers
Warlike
Nations
;
How
many
puissant
Kings
hath
he
subdued
to
the
Roman
Empire
,
and
how
hath
he
enlarged
it
far
and
wide
,
And
now
when
the
Empire
ought
to
have
been
bestowed
upon
Vespasian
,
or
some
Person
of
the
like
merits
,
because
no
such
could
be
found
among
them
,
they
have
bestowed
it
upon
a
Fool
,
and
a
sottish
Drunkard
,
wherein
they
have
done
very
undiscreetly
,
however
we
are
resolved
the
Empire
of
Rome
shall
suddenly
have
a
better
Emperor
,
and
thereto
let
God
say
,
Amen
.
Hereupon
the
Princes
who
were
present
,
consulted
together
,
and
decreed
to
make
Vespasian
Emperor
;
and
going
all
together
to
him
,
they
said
,
Thou
shalt
be
our
Head
,
for
the
Empire
belongeth
to
such
a
one
as
thy self
,
and
thou
shalt
have
Dominion
over
us
;
But
Vespasian
refused
to
take
it
on
him
,
and
would
not
be
perswaded
to
consent
thereto
;
however
they
compelled
him
,
placing
him
in
the
Throne
of
Majesty
,
and
setting
the
Crown
on
his
head
,
which
he
would
have
taken
away
,
and
pulled
off
with
his
hand
,
because
he
would
not
be
Emperor
;
upon
which
the
Roman
Captains
drew
their
Swords
and
said
,
Thou
shalt
be
Emperor
,
and
Reign
over
us
,
therefore
refuse
it
not
,
if
thou
do
,
thou
shalt
dye
upon
our
swords
:
Vespasian
therefore
seeing
himself
constrained
,
being
afraid
of
his
Life
was
content
to
suffer
himself
to
be
proclaimed
Emperor
;
then
all
the
Army
swore
Allegiance
to
him
as
he
sate
upon
the
Royal
Seat
,
as
Emperor
,
and
King
of
Kings
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Civil
Wars
at
Jerusalem
increased
dayly
by
reason
of
Jehochanan
that
Limb
of
the
Devil
,
who
had
escaped
thither
again
;
There
was
likewise
another
Cut-Throat
Ruff●●n
called
Schimeon
,
who
was
discarded
from
his
Command
for
his
Villanys
,
by
Anani
the
Priest
;
After
which
gathering
together
a
rout
of
Thieves
,
Rebels
and
Murderers
throughout
all
Galilee
,
to
the
number
of
Twenty
Thousand
,
he
came
towards
Jerusalem
to
vex
the
Israelites
,
who
encountred
with
him
with
various
success
,
sometimes
one
Party
prevailing
,
and
then
the
other
;
but
at
length
one
Jacob
a
great
man
among
the
Edomites
joyned
with
him
,
and
helped
to
subdue
his
own
Countrey
;
with
whom
being
strengthned
,
they
approached
the
Walls
of
Jerusalem
,
destroying
the
Corn
and
Fruits
of
the
Ground
;
Jehochanan
having
intelligence
of
his
intentions
to
besiege
the
Town
,
and
being
too
weak
to
encounter
him
,
he
issued
out
of
the
City
,
and
lay
in
Ambush
for
Schimeon
,
at
which
time
it
happened
that
Schimeon's
Wife
,
(
who
was
fled
out
of
Jerusalem
with
her
Men
and
Women
Servants
,
for
fear
she
should
be
killed
for
her
Husbands
sake
,
)
passed
by
the
place
of
Ambushment
,
whom
Jehochanan
took
,
not
a
little
proud
of
such
a
prey
,
and
carryed
into
the
City
,
thinking
Schimeon
would
comply
upon
any
Terms
to
gain
his
Wife
whom
he
dearly
loved
;
This
came
to
Schimeons
ear
just
at
the
time
he
had
taken
many
of
Jehochanan's
men
,
and
cut
off
their
hands
,
sending
them
with
such
shame
to
Jerusalem
to
their
Master
;
He
likewise
sent
Embassadors
to
Jehochanan
,
to
return
his
Wife
,
or
upon
refusal
he
threatned
him
with
the
utmost
Extremity
,
since
he
was
resolved
to
take
the
City
ere
long
,
and
to
Jehochanans
shame
would
cut
off
the
Hands
and
Legs
of
all
the
Inhabitants
;
Jehochanan
being
afraid
,
(
Schimeon
having
with
him
Forty
Thousand
Fighting
men
,
)
he
sent
him
his
Wife
,
whereupon
he
continued
without
the
Town
,
while
Jehochanan
played
the
Tyrant
within
,
his
Souldiers
ravishing
the
Citizens
Wives
and
Daughters
,
and
shedding
much
innocent
blood
,
and
whoever
complained
was
presently
slain
;
so
that
the
Condition
of
the
Israelites
was
truly
miserably
,
for
if
any
went
out
of
the
City
,
they
were
slain
by
Schimeon
,
and
those
within
were
continually
murdered
by
Jehochanan
;
The
Citizens
being
therefore
tyred
by
his
Tyranny
,
assembled
together
,
and
encountred
with
Jehochanan
,
where
a
multitude
of
them
were
slain
,
and
if
the
Edomites
who
were
fled
to
Jerusalem
from
the
Tyranny
of
Schimeon
had
not
come
in
to
their
relief
,
the
whole
People
of
Jerusalem
had
been
utterly
destroyed
,
and
slain
every
Mothers
Son
by
Jehochanan
,
his
power
was
so
great
.
Then
Anani
the
High
Priest
,
and
other
Grave
Men
not
being
able
to
suffer
the
wickedness
of
Jehochanan
any
longer
,
resolved
to
deliver
the
City
to
Schimeon
,
hoping
he
would
slay
Jehochanan
;
who
was
at
length
prevailed
with
,
and
promised
to
assist
them
against
the
Seditious
,
but
being
entred
with
his
whole
Army
,
he
broke
his
promise
,
and
joyned
himself
with
Jehochanan
,
so
that
these
two
Rebels
reigned
in
Jerusalem
by
course
,
one
of
them
one
Moneth
,
and
the
other
another
;
yet
within
two
days
they
quarrelled
about
Eleasar
the
Priest
,
whom
Schimeon
would
have
slain
,
but
Jehochanan
defended
,
so
that
ever
after
they
fought
one
against
the
other
.
During
these
Transactions
at
Jerusalem
,
Vespasian
had
sent
two
Noblemen
to
Rome
to
make
away
the
Emperor
Vitellius
,
whereby
he
might
come
and
receive
the
Imperial
Crown
there
;
They
went
therefore
,
and
raised
an
Army
,
wherewith
they
fell
upon
Vitellius
and
slew
him
,
though
not
without
much
opposition
,
for
there
were
slain
that
day
in
Rome
eighty
Thousand
valiant
Souldiers
;
Then
Vespasian
taking
half
his
Army
with
him
,
left
the
other
part
with
Titus
his
Son
to
besiege
Jerusalem
,
but
to
continue
at
Alexandria
till
further
order
;
to
whom
Titus
at
his
departing
said
,
I
shall
do
dear
Father
according
to
your
Commandment
,
for
to
you
it
belongeth
to
command
,
and
to
me
to
obey
;
Vespasian
took
with
him
Agrippa
,
and
Menas
his
Son
,
with
Joseph
the
Priest
,
for
fear
they
should
raise
a
Rebellion
;
As
he
approached
nigh
Rome
,
all
the
Citizens
came
forth
to
meet
him
,
and
received
him
with
great
Joy
,
and
mighty
shews
and
Triumphs
;
and
soon
after
he
was
solemnly
crowned
Emperor
;
within
a
few
days
Vespasian
was
displeased
with
King
Agrippa
,
upon
certain
false
Informations
that
he
designed
some
disturbance
,
upon
which
both
he
and
his
Son
Munabas
were
put
to
Death
.
This
happened
three
years
and
an
half
before
the
destruction
of
Jerusalem
,
at
which
time
the
continual
Sacrifice
ceased
for
One
Thousand
,
Two
Hundred
and
Ninety
days
,
as
it
is
written
in
the
12
of
Daniels
Prophecy
;
But
Joseph
was
by
the
clemency
of
Vespasian
set
at
Liberty
,
and
sent
to
Titus
(
who
was
then
at
Alexandria
in
Egypt
)
with
Letters
from
his
Father
,
and
was
kindly
received
by
him
;
Titus
soon
after
marched
with
a
mighty
Army
to
Caesarea
,
where
he
stayd
till
the
Winter
was
past
,
before
he
would
besiege
Jerusalem
:
But
in
the
mean
time
the
quarrels
and
murders
in
that
City
ceased
not
,
but
Summer
and
Winter
the
Wars
continued
between
Schimeon
,
Jehochanan
,
and
Eleasar
;
for
God
had
in
Judgment
sent
a
Spirit
of
Giddiness
among
the
Citizens
,
so
that
they
were
divided
into
three
Parts
,
The
first
and
best
sort
of
the
People
followed
Anani
the
Priest
,
who
at
that
time
had
stained
and
suspended
his
Office
of
Priesthood
;
Another
part
followed
Seditious
Jehochanan
,
and
the
third
were
for
Schimeon
;
So
that
in
the
midst
of
Jerusalem
there
was
nothing
but
slaughter
and
bloodshed
,
and
without
,
the
Roman
Army
made
inroads
from
Caesarea
,
even
to
the
Gates
of
the
City
;
between
those
three
within
,
there
were
most
cruel
Battels
for
the
space
of
four
days
without
breathing
or
ceasing
,
and
every
day
very
many
were
slain
,
so
that
the
blood
of
the
Jews
ran
abundantly
through
the
Market-places
and
Streets
,
even
to
the
Temple
of
the
Lord
,
like
a
great
Flood
which
had
been
caused
by
showers
of
Rain
;
Then
assembled
the
Priests
,
Elders
,
and
many
of
the
People
,
beseeching
these
their
Intestine
and
Domestick
Enemies
not
to
pollute
and
defile
the
Temple
with
their
slaughters
,
but
they
were
almost
all
slain
for
their
pains
by
the
villany
of
the
Seditious
,
together
with
Anani
and
Joshua
the
Priests
,
and
Sechariahu
the
Prophet
of
the
Lord
.
Then
had
the
continual
Sacrifice
ceased
Thirty
six
days
,
for
even
till
that
time
,
some
good
men
or
other
in
Jerusalem
still
offered
Sacrifice
to
the
Lord
;
But
now
when
the
Priests
had
laid
the
Sacrifice
on
the
Altar
,
the
seditious
would
run
upon
them
and
kill
them
,
so
that
the
Priests
and
the
Beasts
they
would
have
Sacrificed
,
fell
down
dead
to
the
ground
together
,
and
so
they
likewise
destroyed
all
that
came
●hither
for
Devotions
sake
,
so
that
scarce
one
was
left
●live
;
and
the
pavement
of
the
Temple
being
Mar●le
,
was
made
so
slippery
with
the
blood
and
fat
of
●hose
which
were
slain
,
that
no
man
could
go
upon
it
without
falling
;
Nay
whosoever
the
seditious
over●●ne
,
they
set
fire
on
their
Houses
,
which
fired
other
great
mens
Houses
nigh
the
Temple
,
and
at
last
caught
hold
of
the
Store-Houses
of
Corn
,
Wine
,
and
Oyl
,
to
the
number
of
One
Thousand
,
Four
Hundred
,
all
filled
full
of
Victuals
against
a
time
of
necessity
,
or
the
besieging
of
the
Town
;
For
when
Vespasian
was
in
Galile
,
the
Priests
and
Elders
made
up
the
Doors
of
these
Garner-houses
,
and
laid
in
Victuals
sufficient
for
Two
Hundred
Thousand
men
for
20
years
,
but
now
in
this
one
Fight
of
the
Seditious
,
they
were
all
burnt
to
the
ground
,
with
all
within
them
,
which
caused
a
sudden
hunger
and
Famine
in
Jerusalem
?
At
the
same
time
the
seditious
pulled
down
all
the
fair
and
goodly
Buildings
,
that
there
should
be
no
sign
nor
Monument
of
any
Noble
House
left
in
the
City
;
Thus
God
visited
the
Citizens
of
Jerusalem
with
four
dreadful
Plagues
at
once
,
Sword
,
Pestilence
,
Famine
,
and
Fire
,
to
which
this
Fifth
was
added
,
the
ruine
and
destruction
of
all
beautiful
and
glorious
Buildings
;
So
that
whithersoever
a
man
turned
himself
,
there
were
nothing
but
desolations
,
pollutions
of
the
Temple
,
and
all
holy
things
,
and
uproars
,
without
all
rest
and
refuge
,
no
help
,
no
succour
,
but
every
corner
of
Jerusalem
was
full
of
howling
and
yelling
,
weeping
and
wailing
,
sobbing
and
sighing
of
Women
and
Children
;
Here
you
might
hear
the
roaring
and
lamentation
of
men
not
quite
dead
,
there
the
mourning
and
throbbing
of
the
Elders
,
with
the
woful
crys
of
young
Children
for
bread
,
in
short
,
all
manner
of
misery
oppressed
them
,
so
that
he
was
thought
happy
who
dyed
before
this
day
,
and
all
those
were
in
a
woful
case
,
who
were
so
unfortunate
to
see
it
;
when
Joseph
heard
all
these
things
at
Caesarea
,
he
tore
his
Hair
with
his
hands
,
cast
Ashes
on
his
Beard
,
and
sitting
with
great
sorrow
on
the
ground
,
he
bewailed
,
and
made
Lamentation
over
the
miserable
City
of
Jerusalem
.
After
this
in
the
first
year
of
the
Reign
of
Vespasian
,
Titus
his
Son
mustered
his
men
in
the
Plain
of
Caesarea
,
and
he
found
them
a
vast
number
,
so
that
they
seemed
almost
to
cover
the
Earth
;
he
then
marched
to
Samaria
,
and
being
received
by
the
Citizens
with
great
joy
he
spared
them
and
did
them
no
harm
;
from
thence
he
went
to
Ajelona
,
thirty
Furlongs
from
Jerusalem
,
and
there
pitched
his
Tents
,
and
taking
six
Hundred
Horsemen
with
him
,
he
went
to
Jerusalem
to
view
the
height
of
the
Walls
,
and
the
strength
of
the
Town
,
but
the
Jews
laid
an
Ambush
,
and
slew
sixty
of
Titus
his
men
,
and
might
have
slain
him
likewise
,
but
that
they
designed
to
take
him
alive
,
whereby
he
took
an
Opportunity
to
escape
;
The
next
day
Titus
brought
his
whole
Army
to
Jerusalem
,
and
it
being
a
little
before
the
Feast
of
Vnleavened
Bread
,
an
infinite
number
of
People
who
came
to
celebrate
it
,
were
shut
up
in
the
City
,
by
which
means
the
City
was
soon
oppressed
with
a
cruel
Famine
,
all
manner
of
Food
and
nourishment
being
consumed
,
and
Oxens
Dung
was
accounted
good
Meat
,
others
fed
upon
old
Leather
,
and
horrible
dreadful
things
happened
,
for
some
Women
boyled
their
own
Children
,
and
eat
them
;
many
thinking
to
save
their
Lives
by
flying
to
the
Romans
,
were
cut
in
pieces
to
search
for
their
Gold
and
Jewels
which
they
had
swallowed
to
prevent
Discovery
.
Two
Thousand
were
miserably
destroyed
one
night
upon
this
Account
;
And
on
the
Feast
day
which
was
April
14.
Eleasar
having
seized
on
the
Inner
Temple
,
opened
the
Gate
that
the
People
might
sacrifice
,
Jehochanan
taking
this
opportunity
,
sent
privately
many
of
his
party
,
armed
with
short
swords
under
their
Garments
,
who
being
admitted
with
the
rest
of
the
multitude
,
set
upon
Eleasar
,
and
seized
the
Inner
Temple
with
the
slaughter
of
many
of
his
party
;
and
thus
the
threefold
Faction
was
again
reduced
into
two
,
that
of
Jehochanans
who
were
Eight
Thousand
Four
Hundred
,
and
the
other
of
Schimeons
,
with
whom
were
Ten
Thousand
,
besides
Five
Thousand
Idumeans
,
or
Edomites
.
Titus
approaching
the
Walls
,
pitched
his
Camp
about
the
River
Psephina
,
and
presently
raised
a
Mount
,
and
with
a
battering
Ram
first
shook
,
and
then
beat
down
part
of
the
Wall
,
and
May
7.
broke
into
the
City
;
The
first
wall
being
beaten
down
,
and
the
Jews
retiring
inward
,
he
gained
the
North
quarter
of
the
City
,
even
to
the
Castle
of
Antonia
,
and
the
Valley
of
Cedron
.
On
the
fifth
day
after
a
Tower
on
the
second
Wall
being
shaken
,
and
battered
down
from
the
North-quarter
;
Titus
got
the
new
lower
City
,
from
which
he
was
repulsed
again
by
the
Jews
,
but
on
the
fourth
day
after
,
he
regained
it
,
and
so
addressed
himself
for
the
assault
of
the
third
Wall
;
May
12.
he
commanded
four
Mounts
to
be
raised
two
at
the
Castle
of
Antonia
,
whereby
he
thought
to
gain
the
Temple
●nd
two
at
the
Tomb
of
the
High-Priest
John
,
〈…〉
he
hoped
to
win
the
upper
City
,
which
〈…〉
●●nished
in
17
days
,
Jehochanan
by
a
Mine
from
Antonia
cast
down
one
of
the
Mounts
,
and
burnt
it
;
and
Schimeon
the
second
day
after
in
a
Salley
that
he
made
fired
2
of
the
Mounts
opposite
to
him
,
with
the
Rams
,
and
other
Engines
of
the
Romans
,
whom
they
fell
upon
in
their
Camp
,
but
Titus
relieving
them
from
Antonia
,
forced
the
Jews
into
the
City
again
;
These
Mounts
being
thus
demolished
,
Titus
in
three
days
time
encompassed
the
City
with
a
Wall
of
thirty
nine
Furlongs
in
Circuit
,
about
which
he
built
13
Castles
,
each
10
Furlongs
round
,
so
that
none
could
go
in
or
out
,
whereby
the
Famine
raged
so
cruelly
in
the
City
;
that
with
it
,
and
the
Pestilence
,
multitudes
perished
;
so
that
from
April
14
,
on
which
day
the
siege
began
,
to
the
beginning
of
July
following
,
an
Account
was
taken
that
at
one
Gate
,
one
hundred
fifteen
Thousand
and
eight
Hundred
Carcases
of
poor
people
were
carryed
out
,
who
were
buried
at
the
common
charge
,
besides
those
privately
interred
by
their
Friends
;
a
while
after
it
was
known
by
those
who
fled
to
the
Romans
,
that
there
were
six
hundred
Thousand
carried
through
all
the
Gates
to
be
buried
;
and
after
that
there
being
not
enough
to
bury
the
Poor
,
they
layd
them
upon
great
heaps
in
empty
Houses
,
and
there
locked
them
up
,
and
the
manner
of
burying
others
was
only
to
throw
them
over
the
Walls
,
and
fill
up
the
ditches
with
the
dead
Bodies
.
In
the
mean
time
,
Schimeon
continued
his
Rapines
and
Murthers
within
the
City
;
For
he
put
to
death
Matthias
the
High
Priest
,
upon
pretence
he
would
have
fled
to
the
Romans
,
though
by
this
mans
means
Schimeon
was
first
admitted
into
Jerusalem
;
He
slew
also
three
of
his
Sons
,
and
fifteen
of
the
noblest
of
the
people
,
all
of
them
being
unheard
,
and
uncondemned
,
Yea
he
raged
so
cruelly
,
that
Judas
,
one
of
his
Captains
hating
his
Tyranny
,
contrived
to
deliver
up
a
Town
to
the
Romans
,
of
which
he
had
the
charge
,
but
being
discovered
by
Schimeon
,
he
and
10
others
of
the
Conspirators
were
put
to
death
;
and
Jehochanan
being
necessitated
thereto
,
converted
to
his
own
,
and
prophane
uses
the
Holy
things
of
the
Temple
as
Vessels
of
Gold
,
Silver
,
and
Money
,
nay
,
he
was
forced
to
distribute
to
his
Souldiers
the
very
Oyl
and
Wine
which
was
dedicated
to
divine
services
;
But
Titus
fetching
Materials
from
every
place
,
and
cutting
down
all
the
Woods
and
Trees
for
90
Furlongs
about
,
he
with
great
labour
in
21
days
caused
four
new
Mounts
to
be
raised
about
Antonia
,
which
Jehochanan
in
vain
attempted
to
destroy
,
and
then
placed
a
Ram
against
it
,
by
which
a
breach
being
made
,
they
entred
into
Antonia
,
July
5.
and
pursued
the
flying
Jews
into
the
Temple
,
but
after
a
sharp
fight
,
the
Romans
were
for
some
time
repulsed
,
July
17.
Titus
commanded
Joseph
to
exhort
the
seditious
to
yield
,
which
he
did
in
a
large
Oration
,
but
they
obstinately
refused
;
therefore
on
the
seventh
day
after
,
he
brought
his
Mounts
nearer
;
and
by
overturning
the
Foundations
of
the
Castle
Antonia
,
he
made
an
easie
ascent
into
the
Temple
,
seizing
on
the
North
and
West
Porches
without
the
Temple
,
part
whereof
joyning
to
Antonia
,
was
burnt
by
the
Jews
,
and
soon
after
the
other
part
by
the
Romans
,
the
Jews
not
attempting
to
quench
the
Fire
,
that
the
Porch
might
be
entirely
separated
from
Antonia
,
July
27.
the
Jews
again
set
fire
on
the
West
Porch
toward
the
Bridge
that
led
to
the
Gallery
,
where
many
Romans
getting
up
were
burnt
,
the
Jews
flying
away
on
purpose
to
draw
them
on
;
The
day
after
the
Romans
burnt
all
the
North
Porch
,
even
unto
the
East
Porch
;
August
8.
Titus
perceiving
he
prevailed
nothing
with
his
battering
Ram
against
the
Walls
on
the
Inner
Temple
,
nor
could
undermine
the
Foundations
of
the
Gates
by
reason
of
the
greatness
,
and
strong
cementing
of
the
stones
;
He
was
forced
to
do
that
which
out
of
reverence
to
the
place
he
had
hitherto
forborn
;
neither
could
the
Romans
by
their
Ladders
get
up
into
the
Porches
,
the
Jews
from
above
still
beating
them
down
;
therefore
at
last
he
commanded
the
Gates
of
the
Inner
Temple
to
be
set
on
Fire
,
which
soon
taking
,
the
Porches
which
joyned
to
them
,
were
likewise
presently
all
in
a
Flame
,
the
Jews
beholding
and
wondring
thereat
,
their
amazement
being
so
great
,
that
they
neither
endeavoured
to
stop
nor
quench
it
,
so
that
these
Porche●
burnt
all
that
day
,
and
thenight
following
.
And
though
Titus
and
some
of
his
Captains
inten●ed
to
keep
the
Temple
from
firing
,
yet
they
coul●
by
no
means
effect
it
,
for
having
appointed
a
Guard
charging
them
to
preserve
the
Temple
and
Sanctu●
Sanctorum
;
the
Seditious
Jews
fell
upon
them
August
10.
and
slew
every
man
,
which
Titus
hearing
brought
his
whole
Army
thither
;
at
which
time
〈◊〉
Roman
Souldier
took
a
flaming
Firebrand
,
and
gettin●
upon
his
Fellows
Shoulders
,
cast
the
Fire
throug●
the
Golden
Window
into
the
Houses
and
Chamber●
that
were
built
on
the
Northside
of
the
Temple
,
and
others
layd
Wood
to
the
Doors
of
the
Sanctum
Sanctorum
which
were
covered
over
with
Gold
,
and
then
setting
fire
to
it
after
the
Gold
grew
hot
,
and
the
timbe●
began
to
burn
,
the
whole
Temple
was
in
a
flame
,
an●
the
Sanctum
Sanctorum
was
layd
open
to
the
view
of
all
〈◊〉
This
happened
in
the
second
year
of
Vespasian
,
and
th●
same
day
of
the
Moneth
that
it
was
formerly
burnt
by
Nebuchadnezzar
.
The
Romans
rushing
into
the
Sanctum
Sanctorum
,
gave
a
great
shout
while
it
burnt
,
which
when
Titus
heard
,
he
hastened
to
quench
the
Fire
,
and
save
the
Sanctum
Sanctorum
,
but
he
could
not
do
it
,
because
it
was
on
Fire
in
so
many
places
;
thereupon
Titus
commanded
them
to
forbear
,
but
they
would
not
hear
him
;
for
as
a
vehement
Flood
of
Waters
breaks
down
,
and
carries
away
all
things
before
it
;
with
such
furious
violence
,
the
Flames
rushed
through
all
parts
of
the
Temple
;
Titus
then
drew
his
sword
,
blaming
the
Captains
of
his
own
People
,
and
killing
others
;
The
Priests
within
resisted
the
Romans
stoutly
till
they
were
no
longer
able
to
lift
up
their
hands
;
Therefore
when
there
was
no
other
safeguard
,
they
leapt
into
the
Fire
,
and
several
other
Jews
with
them
,
and
so
burnt
altogether
,
saying
,
Why
should
we
live
any
longer
now
there
is
no
Temple
;
Yet
Titus
ceased
not
to
strike
the
People
,
eventill
his
strength
failed
,
and
then
falling
on
the
Ground
,
he
forbore
crying
out
on
them
any
further
.
After
the
Sanctum
Sanctorum
was
burnt
,
Titus
arose
,
and
entring
thereinto
,
he
saw
the
glory
and
magnificence
thereof
,
for
as
yet
the
Fire
had
not
consumed
all
,
and
then
said
,
Now
I
well
perceive
that
this
is
no
other
than
the
House
of
God
,
and
the
dwelling
place
of
the
King
of
Heaven
,
neither
was
it
for
nought
that
the
Jews
fought
so
earnestly
in
defence
thereof
;
nor
did
the
Gentiles
without
good
Cause
send
Gold
and
Silver
to
this
Temple
from
the
farthest
parts
of
the
World
,
for
great
is
the
glory
thereof
,
and
it
surpasseth
all
the
Roman
and
Gentile
Temples
that
ever
I
saw
;
The
God
of
Heaven
,
who
is
the
God
of
this
House
,
take
vengeance
of
the
Seditious
,
whose
mischievous
and
heinous
deeds
have
brought
this
evil
upon
them
.
The
Seditious
who
yet
remained
in
Jerusalem
,
seeing
the
Sanctum
Sanctorum
to
be
burnt
,
they
set
the
rest
of
the
Temple
on
Fire
themselves
,
with
all
the
Houses
which
were
filled
with
Treasure
,
and
all
sorts
of
precious
Jewels
,
and
Victuals
also
,
that
the
Romans
should
receive
no
benefit
thereby
:
After
this
the
Romans
quenched
the
Fire
,
and
set
up
their
Idols
and
Images
in
the
Temple
,
and
after
Titus
had
offered
Sacrifice
,
and
the
Roman
Ensigns
were
set
upon
the
East-gate
,
the
Army
proclaimed
him
Emperor
;
and
Titus
standing
on
a
Gallery
,
perswaded
the
Seditious
,
who
were
fled
into
the
upper
City
to
yield
themselves
,
promising
them
their
Lives
,
but
they
demanded
leave
to
depart
with
their
Wives
and
Children
into
the
Wilderness
,
which
Titus
taking
in
scorn
,
threatned
them
with
utter
destruction
,
and
commanded
all
the
lower
City
to
be
set
on
Fire
,
with
the
Pallaces
,
and
then
assaulted
the
higher
City
,
which
was
seated
upon
a
steep
Rock
,
and
having
finished
his
Mounts
,
on
Sept.
7.
he
brought
his
Engines
to
the
Wals
,
wherein
having
made
a
great
breach
,
the
seditious
fled
in
great
fear
and
amazement
,
and
the
Romans
breaking
in
,
destroyed
all
with
Fire
and
Sword
;
And
Titus
commanded
both
the
City
and
Temple
to
be
rased
to
the
Foundation
,
and
the
ground
to
be
plowed
according
to
the
Roman
custom
,
sparing
only
the
West
part
of
the
Wall
,
with
the
3
Towers
,
Hippicon
,
Phaselus
,
and
-
Mariamne
,
which
he
left
as
Monuments
to
Posterity
of
the
strength
and
magnificence
of
this
once
famous
City
.
Titus
having
thus
finished
this
dreadful
and
difficult
War
,
the
Neighbouring
Nations
that
assisted
him
,
would
have
crowned
him
Emperor
,
but
he
refused
,
saying
,
He
was
unworthy
of
that
Honour
,
for
it
was
not
he
who
was
the
Author
,
and
finisher
of
that
work
,
but
that
he
had
only
lent
his
hands
to
God
,
who
had
thus
shewed
his
anger
against
the
Jews
;
Then
did
Titus
reward
his
Souldiers
,
and
committing
the
keeping
of
Jerusalem
to
the
Tenth
Legion
,
he
went
to
Caesarea
,
carrying
with
him
all
the
Prey
,
spoils
and
Captives
,
because
he
could
not
sail
to
Italy
in
the
Winter
;
The
two
seditious
Tyrants
Jehochanan
and
Schimeon
were
taken
as
they
lay
hid
in
the
Vaults
of
Jerusalem
,
of
whom
Jehochanan
was
condemned
to
perpetual
Imprisonment
,
and
Schimeon
was
reserved
to
be
carryed
a
Prisoner
to
Rome
,
and
there
led
in
Triumph
;
In
the
same
Vaults
were
found
Two
Thousand
Men
,
who
either
perished
with
hunger
,
or
else
killed
each
other
,
rather
than
they
would
yeild
themselves
to
the
Romans
;
while
Titus
continued
at
Caesarea
he
celebrated
the
Birth
day
of
his
brother
Domitian
,
on
December
30.
upon
which
occasion
the
number
of
Jewish
Prisoners
who
perished
by
being
forced
to
fight
with
wild
Beasts
,
that
were
burned
with
Fire
,
and
that
fell
by
being
compelled
to
fight
with
each
other
,
was
above
Two
Thousand
Five
Hundred
;
Afterward
Titus
went
to
Beritus
in
Phaenicia
,
where
he
solemnized
the
day
of
his
Fathers
Coronation
with
great
magnificence
,
at
which
time
likewise
multitudes
of
the
Captive
Jews
perished
in
like
manner
as
before
.
At
last
,
Titus
failed
to
Rome
,
where
he
was
welcomed
with
a
general
Joy
,
and
together
with
his
Father
Vespasian
,
triumphed
for
the
Conquest
of
Judea
;
In
which
Triumph
the
two
Captains
Jehochanan
and
Schimeon
,
with
seven
Hundred
other
Jews
,
who
excelled
in
beauty
and
strength
,
were
led
in
Chains
,
of
all
whom
,
only
Schimeon
was
put
to
death
:
The
Book
of
the
Law
of
the
Jews
was
carryed
also
in
this
Triumph
,
as
the
last
of
the
spoils
,
which
together
with
the
Purple
Vail
of
the
Sanctuary
,
were
laid
up
in
the
Imperial
Pallace
.
Soon
after
,
Lucius
Bassus
was
sent
Lieutenant
into
Judea
,
who
took
the
strong
Castles
of
Herodian
and
Machaeron
beyond
Jordan
by
assault
;
About
this
time
,
neither
the
Sun
nor
Moon
were
seen
for
twelve
,
others
say
,
for
fifteen
days
space
,
which
some
think
was
foretold
by
our
Saviour
,
in
St.
Matth.
24.29
.
Immediately
after
the
tribulation
of
those
days
,
shall
the
Sun
be
darkned
,
and
the
Moon
shall
not
give
her
Light
;
&c.
And
Caesar
writ
to
Tiberius
Maximus
the
Governour
of
Judea
,
that
he
should
sell
all
the
Lands
of
the
Jews
;
He
likewise
imposed
a
Tribute
upon
them
wherever
they
dwelt
,
commanding
them
yearly
to
bring
into
the
Capitol
Two
Drachma's
,
which
they
used
formerly
to
give
to
the
Temple
of
Jerusalem
;
Bassus
being
dead
,
Publius
Sylva
succeeded
in
the
Government
of
Judea
,
who
April
15.
won
that
almost
impregnable
Castle
of
Massada
;
which
had
been
seized
upon
by
Eleaser
the
Nephew
of
Judas
Galileus
a
Captain
of
Thieves
;
whereupon
all
the
Thieves
in
the
Castle
,
being
about
nine
hundred
with
their
Wives
and
Children
,
at
the
perswasion
of
Eleasar
,
slew
each
other
,
having
first
set
Fire
to
the
Castle
,
and
burnt
all
their
Goods
and
Furniture
,
lest
they
should
fall
into
the
hands
of
the
Romans
;
But
many
of
the
Thieves
which
were
in
Judea
fled
,
and
came
to
Alexandria
in
Egypt
,
where
they
solicited
the
Jews
to
revolt
;
but
the
Common
People
,
by
perswasion
of
their
Rulers
,
fell
upon
them
,
and
took
six
hundred
,
whom
they
delivered
to
the
Romans
to
be
punished
;
the
rest
who
escaped
and
fled
into
other
places
,
were
also
taken
;
when
Caesar
heard
thereof
,
he
ordered
Lupus
the
Governour
of
Alexandria
,
to
pull
down
the
Temple
of
the
Jews
which
was
in
that
City
;
Yet
Lupus
took
away
only
some
Gifts
out
of
it
,
and
so
shut
it
up
;
But
Paul●nus
his
Successor
having
taken
away
all
the
Gifts
,
and
shutting
up
the
doors
,
ordered
that
no
Jews
should
come
thither
,
by
which
means
there
was
not
the
least
Footsteps
of
the
Jewish
Religion
left
there
.
A
certain
Jew
named
Jonathan
,
by
Trade
a
Weaver
,
escaping
out
of
Cyrene
,
about
this
time
raised
a
Tumult
,
and
drew
Two
Thousand
Jews
after
him
into
the
Wilderness
,
after
whom
Catulus
Governour
of
Libya
Pentapolis
sending
some
Horse
and
Foot
,
easily
overthrew
and
slew
them
;
and
Jonathan
himself
being
taken
and
brought
before
him
,
he
falsly
accused
the
most
wealthy
of
the
Jews
as
the
Authors
of
this
Revolt
;
To
whose
Accusations
Catulus
willingly
hearkning
,
he
put
three
thousand
of
them
to
death
at
once
,
confiscating
their
Estates
to
Caesars
Treasury
:
He
likewise
sent
Jonathan
and
some
others
with
him
Prisoners
to
Rome
,
●o
Vespasian
,
where
Jonathan
accused
the
honestest
of
the
〈◊〉
,
who
〈◊〉
at
Rome
,
and
Alexandria
of
designing
〈…〉
among
others
Joseph
,
who
writ
the
History
of
the
Jews
;
But
Vespasian
knowing
this
Accusation
not
to
be
legally
brought
against
them
,
he
at
the
request
of
his
Son
Titus
,
acquitted
them
,
and
deservedly
punished
Jonathan
,
causing
him
first
to
be
whipt
,
and
then
burnt
alive
;
Catulus
through
the
mercy
of
the
Emperor
escaped
at
that
time
,
but
not
long
after
he
was
taken
with
a
noisome
and
incurable
Disease
,
and
was
exceedingly
tortured
and
tormented
in
his
mind
,
imagining
that
he
saw
continually
the
Ghosts
of
those
whom
he
had
unjustly
slain
and
murdered
before
his
eyes
,
and
at
last
his
Guts
and
Bowels
rotting
,
fell
out
of
his
body
,
whereby
he
miserably
perished
;
Josephus
the
Jew
,
and
a
Commander
in
this
War
,
writes
,
That
there
perished
by
the
Sword
and
Famine
a
Million
of
People
;
and
of
the
rest
of
the
Jews
dispersed
all
the
World
over
,
and
put
to
Death
divers
ways
the
number
of
Ninety
Thousand
,
and
Ninety
seven
Thousand
more
were
made
Captives
.
But
of
the
number
that
perished
out
of
Jerusalem
during
the
whole
seven
years
War
,
Justus
Lipsius
hath
made
this
Catalogue
out
of
Josephus
.
At
Jerusalem
first
killed
by
the
command
of
Florus
,
six
hundred
and
thirty
;
By
the
Inhabitants
of
Caesarea
in
hatred
to
them
and
their
Relig
on
twenty
thousand
;
At
Scythopolis
a
City
in
Syria
,
were
slain
thirty
thousand
;
At
Ascalon
in
Palestine
the
Inhabitants
slew
two
thousand
five
hundred
,
and
at
Ptolemais
two
thousand
;
At
Alexandria
in
Egypt
by
the
command
of
Alexander
the
President
were
killed
50000
,
and
at
Damascus
10000
;
At
the
taking
of
Joppa
by
Cesius
Florus
,
8400
;
In
the
mountain
of
Cabulo
,
2000
;
In
a
fight
at
Ascalon
10000
;
By
an
Ambuscado
8000
;
At
Apheca
when
it
was
taken
,
15000
;
slain
at
Mount
Gerizim
,
ten
thousand
six
hundred
;
At
Jotapata
where
Joseph
himself
was
,
thirty
thousand
;
when
Joppa
was
taken
,
four
thousand
two
hundred
were
drowned
;
slain
at
Tarichaea
six
thousand
five
hundred
;
At
Gamala
there
were
slain
,
and
threw
themselves
down
over
the
Walls
nine
thousand
,
neither
was
any
one
of
that
City
saved
,
but
only
two
Women
who
were
Sisters
;
kill'd
in
the
Flight
,
when
they
forsook
Giskula
two
thousand
;
slain
of
the
Gaderens
thirteen
thousand
,
besides
an
infinite
number
who
leapt
into
the
River
;
kild
in
the
Villages
of
Idumea
ten
thousand
;
at
Gerazion
,
Macheron
,
and
in
the
Woods
of
Jardes
five
thousand
seven
hundred
;
In
the
Castle
of
Massada
nine
hundred
and
sixty
slew
themselves
,
and
three
thousand
were
killed
in
Cyrene
by
Catulus
the
Governour
;
All
which
numbers
being
added
to
the
Million
and
one
hundred
thousand
who
perished
in
the
siege
of
Jerusalem
,
amount
to
one
Million
,
three
Hundred
thirty
seven
thousand
four
hundred
and
ninety
,
besides
an
innumerable
Company
that
perished
by
Famine
,
banishment
,
and
other
miseries
,
and
Josephus
adds
,
That
the
Posterity
of
Herod
Agrippa
,
though
it
was
very
numerous
,
yet
within
the
space
of
an
hundred
years
,
it
wholly
failed
and
was
extinct
;
A.
B.
Vshers
Annals
.
p.
900.
And
St.
Jerom
writes
,
that
in
his
time
,
on
that
day
of
the
year
wherein
Jerusalem
was
taken
by
the
Romans
,
you
might
see
decrepit
Women
,
ragged
old
men
,
and
many
other
wretched
people
,
(
but
pitied
of
none
,
)
who
with
blubbered
Cheeks
,
Black
Arms
,
discheveled
hair
,
went
howling
and
lamenting
for
the
Ruins
of
the
Temple
and
Sanctuary
,
wearing
and
bearing
in
their
habits
and
Bodies
the
sad
Characters
of
divine
vengeance
,
of
whom
the
Souldiers
likewise
exacted
a
Fee
for
Liberty
of
further
weeping
;
so
that
they
who
formerly
sold
the
blood
of
the
Blessed
Jesus
,
were
then
forced
to
buy
their
own
Tears
;
And
the
Reliques
of
this
wretched
People
were
dispersed
into
all
Nations
under
Heaven
,
having
no
Magistrates
of
their
own
to
protect
them
,
but
were
,
and
still
are
altogether
at
the
Will
and
discretion
of
the
Princes
and
Governours
,
where
they
are
suffered
to
live
;
so
that
no
people
in
the
world
are
so
vile
and
contemptible
as
they
,
being
made
a
scoff
and
a
by
word
in
all
Countreys
;
Though
still
their
hearts
are
so
hardened
,
that
upon
all
occasions
they
have
discovered
their
malice
against
and
contempt
of
Jesus
Christ
,
and
his
Religion
;
It
is
likewise
worthy
Observation
,
how
that
Prophecy
of
our
Saviour
was
fulfilled
concerning
the
irreparable
ruin
of
the
last
Temple
of
Jerusalem
,
which
although
Julian
the
Apostate
laboured
to
invalidate
,
and
prevent
;
yet
his
design
by
the
most
just
Judgment
of
God
could
never
take
effect
;
For
Ammianus
Marcellinus
a
Roman
Historian
gives
this
following
Relation
thereof
.
Julian
,
saith
he
,
designed
with
excessive
cost
and
charges
,
to
rebuild
the
sometime
most
magnificent
Temple
at
Jerusalem
,
which
by
Vespasian
and
his
Son
Titus
were
with
great
difficulty
won
by
assault
;
This
Affair
Julian
committed
to
the
care
of
Alypius
,
who
did
vigorously
apply
himself
to
the
work
,
being
assisted
therein
by
the
Governour
of
the
Province●
〈◊〉
but
there
brake
out
dreadful
Balls
of
Fire
near
the
●●●ndation
of
the
Walls
,
which
with
their
frequent
Irruptions
,
made
the
Place
unapproachable
,
several
Workmen
being
consumed
by
the
Fire
,
and
〈◊〉
this
manner
a
full
period
was
put
to
their
further
proceeding
therein
;
But
Nicephorus
Colistus
●●ves
a
more
large
and
full
Narrative
thereof
as
followeth
;
The
Jews
saith
he
,
having
got
together
as
many
as
were
skilful
in
the
Art
of
Building
,
and
having
provided
Materials
for
it
,
and
fully
cleansed
the
place
,
they
prepared
Spades
made
of
Silver
,
their
charges
being
allowed
out
of
the
publick
stock
,
with
such
earnestness
and
Alacrity
did
they
labour
herein
,
that
the
very
Women
carryed
away
the
rubbish
in
their
Laps
,
and
whatsoever
Jewels
,
or
precious
Ornaments
they
had
,
they
expended
on
the
business
;
When
they
had
digged
up
the
remainders
of
the
old
Building
from
the
lowest
Foundations
,
and
had
cleared
the
ground
,
so
that
there
was
not
a
stone
left
upon
a
stone
,
according
to
our
Blessed
Lords
Prediction
:
The
next
day
coming
to
the
place
,
they
say
,
there
was
a
great
Earthquake
,
insomuch
that
the
stones
were
cast
out
of
the
Foundation
,
so
that
many
of
the
Jews
were
slain
,
who
either
came
to
see
the
work
,
or
had
the
oversight
thereof
;
The
Publick
buildings
which
were
nearest
the
Temple
,
were
likewise
loosned
and
falling
down
with
great
violence
,
buried
those
who
were
in
them
in
their
ruines
;
some
who
attempted
to
fly
away
,
were
found
half
dead
;
other
lost
their
Legs
,
Arms
,
Hands
,
and
other
Members
according
as
the
force
of
that
sudden
accident
〈◊〉
upon
them
.
The
Earth-quake
was
scarce
over
,
but
those
who
remained
,
fell
to
work
again
,
but
when
they
attempted
it
the
second
time
,
sudden
flashes
of
Fire
violently
〈◊〉
out
of
the
Foundations
,
and
other
sire
fell
furiou●●
from
Heaven
,
and
destroyed
more
than
before
,
cons●●ing
to
Ashes
the
Hammers
,
Graving
Tools
,
Saws
,
Hatch●s
,
Axes
,
and
all
other
Instruments
which
the
Workmen
had
brought
for
their
service
;
the
flames
continuing
a
whole
day
together
;
When
Cyril
,
who
was
at
that
time
Bishop
of
Jerusalem
,
saw
these
things
,
he
considered
in
his
mind
the
words
of
the
Prophet
Daniel
,
to
which
Christ
also
had
set
his
Seal
in
the
Holy
Gospel
,
and
then
told
them
all
;
That
now
was
the
time
,
when
the
Oracle
of
our
Saviour
had
its
accomplishment
,
which
said
,
That
a
stone
should
not
be
left
upon
a
stone
in
the
Temple
;
which
when
he
had
said
,
a
dreadful
Earthquake
assailed
the
remaining
Foundations
,
and
casting
out
all
the
rest
of
the
stones
,
dispersed
them
abroad
,
and
a
fearful
storm
arose
,
which
whirled
into
the
Air
many
Thousand
Bushels
of
Lime
and
Plaister
,
and
sudden
flames
of
Fire
flashing
from
beneath
,
burnt
up
in
a
moment
an
innumerable
Company
of
People
,
who
were
either
labouring
in
the
work
,
or
coming
to
behold
it
:
Thus
did
the
wicked
Julian
fulfil
Christs
Predictions
concerning
Jerusalem
,
by
the
same
means
whereby
he
designed
to
make
them
void
.
These
Prodigies
(
saith
Eusebius
in
his
Ecclesiastical
History
)
are
sufficient
to
prove
the
truth
of
these
Prophecies
,
but
what
I
shall
now
declare
,
being
very
wonderful
will
further
confirm
them
,
which
I
shall
relate
as
I
find
them
in
the
Archives
and
Records
,
as
followeth
;
when
the
Foundations
of
this
New
Temple
were
laying
,
there
was
a
stone
to
which
the
bottom
of
the
Foundation
was
fastened
,
that
slipt
from
its
place
,
and
discovered
the
Mouth
of
a
Cave
which
had
been
cut
in
the
Rock
;
Now
when
they
could
not
see
to
the
bottom
by
reason
of
its
depth
,
the
Overseers
of
the
work
being
desirous
to
find
the
bottom
,
tyed
a
long
Rope
to
one
of
the
Labourers
,
and
let
him
down
into
it
;
being
come
to
the
bottom
,
there
was
water
therein
up
to
his
Ankles
,
and
searching
every
part
of
that
hollow
place
,
he
found
it
to
be
foursquare
,
as
far
as
he
could
conjecture
by
feeling
,
then
returning
toward
the
Mouth
of
it
,
he
happened
upon
a
little
Pillar
not
much
higher
than
the
water
,
and
laying
his
hand
on
it
,
found
a
book
thereon
,
wrapt
up
in
a
piece
of
thin
clean
Linnen
,
which
taking
up
he
gave
notice
by
shaking
the
rope
to
be
drawn
forth
,
which
done
,
he
shewed
them
the
book
,
which
struck
them
with
admiration
,
because
it
seemed
very
fresh
and
untoucht
,
though
found
in
so
dark
and
obscure
an
hole
;
The
Book
being
unfolded
and
opened
,
surprized
not
only
the
Jews
,
but
the
Graecians
,
for
they
found
in
the
entrance
thereof
these
words
written
in
Capital
Letters
;
IN
THE
BEGINNING
WAS
THE
WORD
,
AND
THE
WORD
WAS
WITH
GOD
,
AND
THE
WORD
WAS
GOD
;
And
to
speak
truly
,
saith
the
Historian
,
that
Scripture
did
plainly
and
manifestly
contain
the
whole
Gospel
,
which
the
Divine
Tongue
of
the
Virgin
Disciple
St.
John
had
declared
;
This
together
with
the
other
Miracles
which
at
that
time
were
proclaimed
from
Heaven
,
did
demonstrate
that
not
any
word
of
our
Lord
should
fall
to
the
ground
which
had
foretold
the
utter
desolation
both
of
the
Temple
and
City
of
Jerusalem
.
Eusebius
Eccles.
Hist.
lib
3.
Thus
severely
were
the
Judgments
of
Heaven
executed
upon
the
Jews
,
which
did
not
yet
end
here
,
but
continued
to
their
posterity
;
For
in
434.
The
Jews
in
the
Isle
of
Creet
were
deluded
by
the
Devil
,
affirming
himself
to
be
Moses
,
who
led
the
Israelites
through
the
Red
Sea
,
and
perswaded
those
poor
Creatures
,
That
he
was
sent
from
God
to
lead
them
through
the
Sea
to
their
own
Countrey
the
holy
Land
;
This
these
poor
Creatures
soon
believed
,
and
disposing
of
all
their
Goods
to
others
according
to
his
perswasion
,
they
followed
this
seducer
,
who
had
spent
a
whole
year
in
going
from
one
City
to
another
;
he
then
led
them
with
their
Wives
and
Children
to
the
top
of
a
steep
Rock
that
hung
over
the
Sea
;
when
they
were
come
hither
,
this
Mock
Mises
commanded
them
to
wrap
their
heads
in
their
upper
Garments
,
and
so
to
throw
themselves
from
the
Rock
into
the
Sea
,
assuring
them
of
a
safe
Passage
,
they
readily
obeyed
him
,
and
in
that
manner
a
great
many
of
them
perished
in
the
Waves
,
and
more
would
have
followed
,
had
it
not
pleased
God
that
some
Christian
Fishermen
were
there
at
that
instant
,
who
took
up
many
of
them
as
they
were
flooting
upon
the
waters
,
and
ready
to
perish
;
These
afterward
returning
to
the
rest
of
the
Jews
,
told
them
how
they
had
been
cheated
and
deceived
,
and
how
narrowly
they
had
escaped
;
whereupon
they
being
upon
good
reason
all
very
much
inraged
,
sought
far
and
near
for
this
seducer
to
put
him
to
death
;
but
when
he
could
not
possibly
be
found
any
where
,
they
thereupon
fully
concluded
,
That
it
was
the
Devil
himself
,
the
old
man
slayer
,
who
had
appeared
to
them
in
humane
shape
,
and
divers
of
the
Jews
being
moved
by
this
Calamity
,
became
Christians
.
Eusebius
Hist
.
In
the
Reign
of
Trajan
,
the
Jews
rebelled
in
Egypt
and
Cyrene
,
where
they
slew
many
Greeks
and
Romans
,
and
did
eat
their
flesh
,
and
girded
themselves
with
their
Guts
,
imbrued
themselves
with
their
blood
,
and
cloathed
themselves
with
their
skins
;
Many
they
sawed
in
sunder
,
from
the
Crowns
downward
;
others
they
cast
to
wild
Beasts
,
so
that
they
destroyed
Two
Hundred
Thousand
of
them
;
and
likewise
Two
Hundred
and
Fifty
Thousand
by
the
same
abhorred
Cruelty
in
Egypt
and
Cyprus
;
whereupon
Trajan
sent
an
Army
against
them
under
Martius
Turbo
,
who
destroyed
many
Thousands
of
them
,
and
fearing
lest
the
Jews
in
Mesopotamia
should
break
out
into
the
like
outrages
,
he
commanded
Lucius
Quietus
utterly
to
destroy
,
and
root
them
out
of
that
Countrey
,
which
he
performed
so
effectually
,
that
the
Emperor
to
recompence
his
service
,
made
him
President
of
Judea
.
Dion
Hist
.
Adrian
the
Emperour
rebuilt
the
City
of
Jerusalem
,
though
not
in
the
same
place
,
for
he
changed
the
scituation
thereof
somewhat
Westward
,
and
called
the
name
thereof
Aelia
,
according
to
his
own
name
;
To
despight
the
Christians
,
he
built
a
Temple
over
our
Saviours
Grave
,
with
the
Images
of
Jupiter
and
Venus
,
another
at
Bethlem
to
Adonis
the
Gallant
of
Venus
,
and
to
inrage
the
Jews
who
abominate
Swinesflesh
,
he
set
up
the
Picture
of
a
Swine
over
the
Gates
of
the
City
;
who
storming
at
the
prophanation
of
their
Land
,
broke
out
into
open
Rebellion
,
but
were
subdued
by
Julius
Severus
the
Emperors
Lieutenant
,
an
experienced
Captain
,
who
by
reason
of
their
multitudes
would
not
try
it
out
in
a
set
Battel
,
but
proceeding
more
warily
,
and
taking
his
opportunity
,
he
by
degrees
took
50
of
their
fortifyed
Castles
,
rased
nine
hundred
and
fourscore
of
their
best
Towns
,
and
slew
five
hundred
and
eighty
thousand
of
their
men
,
besides
an
innumerable
multitude
who
perished
by
Famine
,
Sickness
and
Fire
;
so
that
almost
all
Judea
was
left
destitute
;
With
them
likewise
was
slain
one
Benchoahab
their
(
Counterfeit
)
M●ssias
,
for
so
he
termed
himself
,
that
is
,
The
Son
of
a
Star
,
usurping
that
Prophecy
out
of
Jacob
,
a
star
shall
arise
;
Though
he
proved
but
a
fading
Comet
,
whose
blazing
portended
the
ruine
of
that
Nation
;
The
Captives
by
order
from
Adrian
were
transported
into
Spain
,
and
the
Holy
Land
was
laid
wast
,
which
parted
with
her
people
and
fruitfulness
both
together
.
Indeed
Pilgrims
here
and
there
find
Parcels
of
rich
ground
in
Palestine
,
which
God
may
seem
to
have
left
,
that
men
may
tast
the
former
sweetness
of
the
Land
,
before
it
was
scourged
for
the
Peoples
sins
,
and
that
they
may
guess
the
goodness
of
the
cloth
by
the
fineness
of
the
shreds
;
But
it
is
barren
for
the
generality
,
the
streams
of
Milk
wherewith
it
once
flowed
,
are
now
drawn
dry
,
and
the
whole
face
of
the
Land
looketh
sad
,
not
so
much
for
want
of
dressing
,
as
because
the
Almighty
God
hath
frowned
on
it
;
Adrian
aforementioned
banished
Five
Hundred
Thousand
Jews
into
Spain
,
whence
they
were
again
banished
by
Ferdinando
and
Isabella
in
1492
,
at
which
time
there
were
driven
out
of
Spain
,
One
Hundred
and
Twenty
Thousand
Families
;
From
thence
they
passed
into
Tuseany
and
the
Popes
Dominions
,
but
were
again
banished
by
Pope
Paul
4.
and
Pius
5.
But
it
would
be
endless
to
shew
what
miseries
they
have
endured
in
all
Nations
,
ever
since
their
Predecessors
committed
that
great
and
grievous
sin
of
Crucifying
the
Lord
of
life
,
and
Glory
,
and
thus
much
of
the
Jews
as
we
find
them
mentioned
by
Josephus
,
Eusebius
,
Mr.
Clark
,
and
other
Ancient
and
Modern
Authors
;
I
shall
now
proceed
in
the
series
of
the
History
of
Comets
,
and
other
Prodigies
according
to
the
Order
of
time
,
which
this
digression
hath
somewhat
diverted
.
VII
.
In
the
70
year
after
the
Birth
of
our
Saviour
,
th●●●
was
a
great
Earthquake
,
and
a
strange
Bird
of
a
notable
greatness
was
seen
at
Rome
,
also
a
blazing
Star
,
and
two
Eclipses
of
the
Moon
,
and
contrary
to
Astronomical
demonstration
,
she
appeared
black
and
bloody
;
Armed
men
were
seen
in
the
Air
,
and
many
strange
and
wonderful
Voices
were
heard
in
the
Heavens
;
In
77
another
great
blazing
Star
or
Comet
appeared
,
and
three
Cities
in
Cyprus
sell
to
the
ground
by
an
Earthquake
;
A
little
before
Nero
slew
his
Mother
Agrippina
,
the
Sun
was
strangely
darkned
,
as
abhorring
to
behold
such
a
sight
;
and
a
Woman
in
Rome
brought
forth
a
Serpent
.
In
81
,
A
Terrible
Comet
appeared
;
The
Tomb
of
Augustus
Caesar
opened
of
it self
,
and
blood
●a●ned
in
Germany
;
Three
Suns
were
seen
at
once
in
Poland
,
and
there
happened
much
Lightning
and
Thunder
,
which
consumed
many
brave
buildings
.
An
Elm
Tree
saluted
Apollonius
Tyaneus
,
and
spake
to
him
with
an
audible
voice
;
The
Sun
is
this
year
Eclipsed
,
and
there
was
a
great
Earthquake
in
Naples
.
These
Prodigies
were
judged
to
portend
the
following
accidents
;
The
Emperor
Otho
killeth
himself
;
Dardanus
Tyrannizeth
in
Scotland
,
and
was
slain
by
Corbred
;
A
very
great
Pestilence
in
Rome
;
Most
part
of
England
is
subdued
by
Agricola
,
he
putteth
Karenoth
the
King
to
flight
,
and
the
Scots
also
;
Vespasian
dyeth
of
a
Flux
;
Haldanus
the
Sweed
is
restored
to
his
Kingdom
,
from
which
he
was
expelled
;
The
Emperor
Titus
dyeth
;
Lynius
a
Bishop
of
Rome
Martyred
;
Domitian
turns
away
his
Wife
,
and
marries
the
Widow
of
Titus
;
He
sends
two
Armies
against
the
Goths
,
and
they
are
both
routed
;
Philosophers
and
Mathematicians
are
Banished
out
of
Rome
;
Brittain
is
reduced
into
a
single
Province
,
and
at
the
Emperors
own
dispose
;
Cocceius
Nerva
dyeth
;
Two
Saxon
Kings
rebel
against
Froto
,
he
overcomes
them
,
and
makes
them
his
Tributaries
,
St.
John
writes
his
Epistles
;
Rome
and
France
fall
at
difference
;
The
third
Heathen
Persecution
against
the
Christians
began
.
About
the
Year
105
in
the
Beign
of
Trajan
,
who
raised
the
third
Persecution
against
the
Christians
October
22.
there
fell
out
one
of
the
most
terrible
Earthquakes
that
ever
was
;
First
there
arose
furious
and
violent
winds
,
which
tore
up
trees
by
the
roots
,
made
Birds
fall
to
the
Earth
,
uncovered
and
overthrew
many
houses
;
Then
followed
Thunder
and
Lightning
which
made
the
night
like
noon
day
,
then
dreadful
Thunder-bolts
,
which
broke
down
stately
buildings
,
and
slew
many
men
.
The
Sea
was
wonderful
tempestuous
,
after
which
came
such
violent
heat
,
that
people
not
being
able
to
indure
it
,
stript
themselves
,
and
then
hid
themselves
under
ground
;
The
Sky
was
so
dark
,
and
the
dust
so
great
,
that
one
could
not
see
another
,
so
that
rushing
together
many
fell
down
dead
;
Divers
Cities
were
ruined
,
much
people
perished
;
Several
Mountains
and
Hills
sunk
,
and
became
Plains
,
many
Rivers
were
dryed
up
;
Fountains
and
Springs
broke
out
where
never
were
any
before
;
Almost
all
the
houses
in
Antioch
were
destroyed
.
Dion
.
Hist
.
VIII
.
From
the
Year
of
our
Lord
107
to
167
,
those
following
Prodigies
happened
.
A
very
great
Earthquake
in
Asia
,
many
prodigious
fights
in
the
Air
,
as
fightings
,
&c.
observed
in
Spain
.
An
Earthquake
in
Galatia
;
At
Rome
Lightning
from
Heaven
consumes
the
Temples
of
the
Gods
;
An
Earthquake
at
Antioch
;
Great
Lightnings
,
strange
unusual
winds
,
together
with
horrible
noises
in
the
Earth
;
Two
great
Earthquakes
at
Nice
,
and
two
others
in
Palestine
;
Milk
,
rained
at
Rome
,
and
an
Earthquake
happened
there
;
and
Three
Hundred
and
Forty
Houses
,
though
invi●oned
with
water
,
were
destroyed
by
a
great
Fire
in
that
City
;
A
great
Serpent
was
seen
in
Arabia
;
and
it
rained
Frogs
at
Constantinople
,
three
Suns
likewise
appearing
,
and
at
the
same
time
,
a
Star
and
a
Rainbow
;
A
very
great
Earthquake
in
Bythinia
;
The
waves
of
the
Mediterranean
Sea
in
a
Calm
elevated
themselves
to
the
top
of
a
Mountain
far
distant
from
it
,
and
cast
the
foam
a
great
way
upon
the
main
Land
.
In
this
space
of
time
,
the
French
and
Saxons
plant
Colonies
in
Germany
.
The
Saracens
and
Arabians
are
subdued
;
A
Bishop
of
Jerusalem
is
Crucified
;
Babylon
and
Seleucia
are
taken
;
Nero's
house
is
burnt
;
The
Jews
rebel
in
Egypt
,
and
kill
Two
Hundred
Thousand
Men
,
Ptolomy
King
,
of
Egypt
encounters
them
,
slayes
Thirty
Thousand
Jews
at
once
,
and
forced
those
who
survived
to
eat
up
their
dead
Carcases
;
About
the
same
time
the
Jews
slay
Two
Hundred
and
Forty
Thousand
in
Cyprus
,
and
at
last
are
slain
themselves
;
The
Chaldeans
,
Brittains
,
Scots
and
Picts
,
rebel
;
Christians
are
put
to
death
in
Asia
,
Apollodorus
is
Cain
by
Hadrians
Rollearpus
is
Martyred
;
Aurelius
Caesar
seeing
a
wonderful
Fire
at
Rome
,
causeth
the
Persecution
to
cease
by
an
Edict
from
himself
,
Hermogenes
ran
out
of
his
wits
and
dyed
;
The
Brittains
repine
against
the
Roman
oppression
,
and
rebel
,
Agricola
subdueth
them
;
The
Fourth
Persecution
began
.
IX
.
From
167
to
219
were
these
unusual
Accidents
;
A
wonderful
fire
was
seen
in
the
Heavens
,
which
seemed
to
pass
from
East
to
West
;
Wolves
came
in
flocks
near
to
Rome
howling
hideously
;
Crosses
were
seen
to
sweat
with
Tears
;
Rain
mingled
with
Fire
falls
from
Heaven
at
Prema
.
A
great
and
terrible
Earthquake
,
and
many
inundations
at
Rome
;
Divers
strange
fires
seen
in
the
Air
,
and
some
to
fall
from
thence
;
Great
swarms
of
Locusts
covered
the
ground
,
and
destroyed
many
Fields
and
Meadows
.
A
great
Earthquake
in
Asia
;
The
Stars
were
seen
all
the
day
long
at
Rome
,
and
some
apparitions
hung
streaming
down
in
the
very
middle
of
the
Air
;
And
there
fell
a
wonderful
Lightning
from
Heaven
upon
the
Capitol
,
and
the
fire
increasing
,
burnt
the
Library
and
all
the
houses
near
it
;
All
kinds
of
Creatures
contrary
to
their
natures
brought
forth
prodigious
Births
this
year
;
Flames
of
Fire
descend
from
Heaven
;
There
were
seen
at
Rome
three
Stars
about
the
Sun
very
glorious
;
An
Eagle
alighted
on
the
Image
of
a
Souldier
;
Bees
wrought
their
Combs
upon
Souldiers
Ensigns
;
A
sudden
fire
in
the
Air
toward
the
North
,
A
great
lowing
and
fire
in
the
Earth
;
A
Whale
comes
ashore
in
the
Haven
of
Augustus
;
A
Comet
for
many
dayes
together
was
seen
at
Rome
:
A
wonderful
Lightning
fell
from
Heaven
upon
the
Image
of
Severus
,
and
blotted
out
three
Letters
of
his
name
;
These
things
were
judged
to
portend
the
ensuing
effects
;
The
Germans
with
an
Army
enter
Italy
,
Pertinax
is
sent
against
them
,
and
beats
them
back
;
The
Senate
adjudges
Cassius
an
enemy
to
the
State
,
and
he
is
slain
by
the
Souldiers
.
About
this
time
was
great
jarring
among
the
Bishops
and
Churchmen
of
most
Nations
concerning
Religion
;
Smyrna
in
Asia
is
quite
destroyed
;
Perennius
and
his
son
are
executed
for
Treason
,
Apollonius
being
accused
for
a
Christian
is
sentenced
and
executed
;
Cleander
who
succeeded
Perennius
,
is
executed
to
please
the
People
;
Two
Thousand
dye
in
a
day
of
the
Plague
at
Rome
;
The
Emperor
Commodus
removeth
the
head
from
a
Colossus
or
Great
Image
,
and
putreth
one
of
his
own
upon
it
,
he
grows
ridiculous
,
and
the
People
taking
notice
thereof
,
he
executeth
many
of
them
,
he
is
at
last
strangled
by
Martia
his
Concubine
;
In
his
Reign
there
appeared
in
the
Sky
divers
fearful
signs
;
Stars
were
seen
continually
in
the
day
time
,
and
blazing
Comets
of
a
huge
length
,
hanging
as
it
were
in
the
midst
of
the
Air
;
All
sorts
of
Creatures
contrary
to
their
kinds
brought
forth
monstrous
and
deformed
Births
,
but
that
which
most
grievously
afflicted
the
City
of
Rome
,
and
amazed
them
with
the
presage
was
,
that
the
Temple
of
Peace
,
the
most
stately
and
dainty
Monument
in
Rome
,
was
on
a
sudden
without
any
Tempest
foregoing
(
but
only
a
little
Earthquake
)
quite
burnt
to
the
ground
,
whether
by
Lightning
or
Fire
out
of
the
Earth
was
uncertain
;
That
Temple
was
the
richest
and
strongest
of
all
others
,
and
was
curiously
adorned
with
gifts
of
massy
Gold
and
Silver
,
yea
all
Persons
of
Quality
had
there
deposited
,
and
laid
their
Principal
Treasures
;
but
the
fire
happening
in
the
night
,
made
many
rich
men
suddenly
poor
;
When
the
fire
had
consumed
the
Temple
,
it
burned
down
also
many
of
the
most
beautiful
buildings
in
the
City
,
continuing
its
rage
for
many
days
together
.
Horodian
Imp.
History
,
Pertinax
is
Emperor
87
dayes
,
and
then
is
slain
by
the
Souldiers
;
The
King
of
Scots
is
slain
by
a
Musician
,
for
causing
one
of
his
Kindred
to
be
executed
;
Severus
goeth
against
Niger
,
whom
he
beat
three
times
,
and
then
slew
him
at
Antioch
;
Herod
besiegeth
Byzantium
(
now
Constantinople
)
three
years
together
;
Satrahel
coming
to
rule
Scotland
,
kills
many
of
the
old
Lords
of
the
Kingdom
;
Constantinople
is
taken
by
Famine
,
Satrahel
is
strangled
by
his
Servants
:
The
Brittains
are
beaten
by
Severus
,
and
the
head
of
Albinus
is
sent
to
Rome
.
About
this
time
Scotland
received
the
Christian
Faith
.
The
fifth
Persecution
began
;
Many
fled
from
Jerusalem
into
the
Wilderness
to
avoid
the
Persecution
;
The
Romans
wast
Arabia
;
Strange
Heresies
broached
by
Praxeus
;
Severus
went
into
Brittain
,
but
never
returned
thence
,
Fifty
Thousand
of
his
Army
dye
;
Many
of
the
Scots
upon
a
Rebellion
were
cruelly
massacred
.
X.
From
219
to
257
the
following
signs
appeared
,
which
were
accompanied
with
remarkable
Accidents
;
An
Eagle
flying
,
takes
away
the
Cap
of
Diadumenus
,
and
he
is
slain
within
14
months
after
;
The
Brittains
rebel
,
and
invade
the
Roman
Territories
;
Streams
of
fire
,
and
strange
Lightnings
are
seen
at
Rome
;
Armed
men
appear
in
the
Air
in
Muscovia
and
Poland
,
the
Persians
invade
Armenia
,
and
wast
the
Roman
Territories
,
Alectus
is
slain
in
Battel
;
The
King
of
Scots
is
killed
by
his
Guard
,
the
Emperor
goeth
into
Persia
,
and
is
overcome
.
A
Blazing
Star
is
seen
at
Rome
,
which
exte●●●d
it self
a
very
great
length
,
and
was
seen
both
to
burn
and
blaze
many
nights
together
;
Maximilian
comes
out
of
Germany
,
and
is
slain
by
his
own
Souldiers
,
his
body
is
given
to
be
torn
and
devoured
of
Dogs
;
The
Goths
at
this
time
became
terrible
to
the
Roman
Empire
.
In
241
was
an
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
,
which
(
saith
my
Author
)
was
so
great
that
it
made
the
day
seem
as
dark
as
the
night
;
Athirco
King
of
Scotland
kills
himself
,
strange
Heresies
spread
themselves
;
The
Persians
are
vanquished
and
expelled
Syria
.
In
244
the
Sun
was
totally
Eclipsed
,
and
there
was
a
great
Earthquake
which
caused
the
Earth
to
gape
so
exceedingly
,
that
several
Cities
together
with
their
Inhabitants
were
swallowed
up
and
destroyed
,
great
Thunder
is
heard
in
the
Earth
with
terrible
darkness
,
and
another
Earthquake
,
The
Goths
take
Chalcedon
and
Nice
,
and
ruin
them
both
;
The
Plague
rageth
in
the
Roman
Army
:
The
Goths
burn
the
Temple
of
Ephesus
,
and
enter
Macedonia
and
Asia
;
The
Thirty
Tyrants
about
this
time
engrossed
and
parcelled
out
the
Roman
Empire
among
themselves
;
And
the
Sarmates
subdued
and
robbed
all
Austria
and
Hungaria
;
The
Germans
passing
through
France
,
entred
Spain
,
to
the
City
of
Terragona
which
they
ruined
,
and
the
Empire
was
almost
utterly
destroyed
;
Yea
it
was
not
only
thus
molested
by
men
,
but
the
very
Heavens
and
Elements
conspired
against
it
,
to
plague
it
;
For
the
Heavens
were
darkened
in
such
a
manner
that
for
many
dayes
space
they
never
saw
the
Sun
,
and
the
Earth
opened
and
discovered
great
Vaults
and
Caves
,
out
of
which
there
issued
great
streams
of
Salt-water
;
and
such
horrid
noises
were
heard
as
many
dyed
for
fear
;
The
Sea
broke
its
bounds
,
overflowing
and
drowning
many
Cities
;
After
which
there
fell
out
the
most
woful
Pestilence
that
ever
was
read
,
or
heard
of
,
so
that
in
Rome
there
dyed
thereof
Five
Thousand
Persons
in
one
day
.
Imper.
Hist
.
Pag.
158.
XI
.
In
257
the
Sea
overwhelmed
many
Cities
in
Europe
and
Afri●a
;
This
year
there
were
many
exceeding
great
Earthquakes
,
and
darkness
for
many
days
together
,
spears
also
were
seen
in
the
Element
at
Rome
;
The
Germans
and
Scythians
wast
the
Empire
;
The
French
destroy
Italy
;
Claudius
Censorinus
was
made
Emperor
in
Italy
,
and
slain
there
;
Donald
usurped
the
Crown
of
Scotland
,
and
kept
the
Nobility
in
fear
,
by
threatning
to
kill
their
kindred
whom
he
had
got
into
his
hands
.
In
300
there
was
an
horrible
Earthquake
in
Tyre
,
which
destroyed
many
buildings
,
and
an
innumerable
Company
of
People
;
Many
Monsters
were
also
born
this
year
;
Dioclesian
the
Roman
Emperor
assumeth
the
Title
of
a
God
,
and
would
have
Divine
Honours
given
him
;
Many
Christians
are
burnt
in
a
House
in
Nicodemia
;
The
Tenth
bloody
Persecution
began
,
One
Hundred
and
Forty
Four
Thousand
Christians
are
put
to
death
in
Egypt
,
and
Seven
Hundred
Thousand
Banished
.
In
314
a
Banner
with
a
Cross
was
seen
in
the
Air
,
and
divers
Armies
fighting
;
A
hand
was
seen
in
Lateran
at
Rom●
without
a
body
,
which
in
the
sight
of
many
men
writ
upon
the
Wall
these
words
,
Hodie
venenum
Ecclesiae
infusurus
;
To
day
is
poyson
poured
into
the
Church
.
This
was
interpreted
to
foretell
the
extraordinary
Indulgence
of
Constantine
the
Emperor
,
toward
the
Christian
Bishops
,
and
his
heaping
Estates
,
Riches
and
Honours
upon
them
,
whereby
they
soon
after
lost
their
former
Piety
and
Humility
;
He
was
sirnamed
the
great
:
and
was
the
first
Christian
Emperor
who
publickly
countenanced
and
imbraced
the
Gospel
,
which
he
is
said
to
have
done
on
this
occasion
.
At
the
same
time
that
he
was
saluted
Emperor
in
Brittain
,
Maxentius
was
chosen
at
Rome
by
the
Praetorian
Souldiers
;
being
pensive
and
sollicitous
upon
these
Distractions
,
he
cast
his
Eyes
up
toward
Heaven
,
where
he
saw
in
the
Air
a
lightsome
Pillar
in
the
form
of
a
Cross
,
wherein
he
read
these
words
in
Greek
,
In
this
thou
shalt
overcome
,
and
the
next
night
a
vision
appeared
to
him
,
commanding
him
to
bear
that
figure
in
his
Standard
,
and
he
should
overcome
all
his
enemies
,
this
he
performed
,
and
was
accordingly
victorious
,
from
which
time
he
not
only
favoured
the
Christians
,
but
became
a
zealous
Professor
of
the
Faith
and
Gospel
;
Before
his
time
it
is
observable
that
few
(
if
any
at
all
)
of
the
Roman
Emperors
dyed
a
natural
death
,
(
they
being
40
in
all
from
the
time
of
Julius
Caesar
,
)
though
after
they
generally
did
.
Rome
was
likewise
beautified
by
Constantine
,
and
Lamps
and
Wax
Candles
were
first
used
in
the
Church
in
the
day
time
;
Arius
begins
to
broach
his
Heresies
,
and
is
condemned
by
the
Council
of
Alexandria
.
The
French
aid
the
Sarmatians
against
the
Romans
,
and
in
a
Battel
kill
Forty
Six
Thousand
Men.
In
323
a
Fountain
ran
with
Oyl
in
Italy
,
there
was
also
a
terrible
Comet
seen
for
many
days
together
at
Rome
;
Constantine
overcomes
Licinius
at
Chalcedon
;
Octavian
fleeth
into
Scotland
,
and
by
the
aid
of
Fincomore
recovers
Britain
,
Licinius
is
put
to
death
.
XII
.
In
340
there
was
an
Earthquake
in
A●a
which
overthrew
many
Cities
.
A
Child
of
six
months
old
prophesies
in
Rome
;
Constantine
the
El●●●●
is
●ain
,
Constans
subdueth
the
Gauls
;
Athan●sius
the
Bishop
is
banished
.
In
343
was
a
great
and
terrible
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
,
and
an
Earthquake
,
whose
force
was
so
great
that
it
overthrew
many
Cities
in
the
East
;
Hermogenes
is
slain
in
a
Tumult
;
Constantius
persecuted
the
Clergy
;
Julius
entertaineth
Athanasius
and
other
banished
Catholicks
;
Arius
his
Here●●es
spread
at
Antioch
;
The
Christians
are
persecuted
in
Persia
and
Constantius
is
beaten
there
;
The
Heathen
Temples
are
shut
up
.
In
349
was
a
great
Earthquake
,
which
overthrew
a
whole
City
into
the
Sea
except
the
Church
;
The
City
of
Dirachium
was
swallowed
up
by
an
Earthquake
,
and
Rome
was
shaken
three
dayes
and
nights
together
,
with
divers
Cities
in
Campania
.
Constantius
overcomes
the
Persians
in
Battel
,
but
his
Souldiers
being
drunk
with
Wine
and
Beer
,
as
well
as
with
success
,
the
Persians
came
suddenly
upon
them
,
and
make
a
great
slaughter
.
In
362
an
Earthquake
did
very
much
harm
in
Persia
,
and
the
City
of
Nicodemia
was
overthrown
thereby
;
An
Ox
is
said
to
have
spoken
in
Italy
;
Constantius
makes
Peace
with
the
Persians
,
and
soon
after
dyes
,
the
Christians
are
much
Persecuted
;
Julian
the
Apostate
being
at
Constantinople
to
prepare
for
the
Persian
War
,
is
slain
at
Chresiphon
;
The
Temple
of
Apollo
Daphneus
is
burnt
.
In
369
was
a
great
inundation
or
overflowing
of
waters
in
Sicily
,
and
a
general
Earthquake
throughout
the
whole
World
;
Romachus
defeateth
Augusian
and
the
Picts
in
England
;
He
tyrannizeth
,
and
the
Nobles
cut
off
his
head
;
Valence
putteth
Athanarius
to
flight
.
In
337
appeared
a
Comet
of
wonderful
greatness
,
and
another
general
Earthquake
in
Sicily
:
The
Scots
and
Picts
are
set
at
variance
by
Maximus
,
the
Goths
turn
Arians
,
and
wast
Thrace
,
Thessaly
and
Epirus
:
The
Emperor
Gratian
killeth
thirty
five
thousand
Germans
.
In
384
there
was
visible
a
terrible
sign
in
the
Heavens
in
all
parts
like
unto
a
fiery
Pillar
,
and
the
River
Tiber
overflowes
her
banks
again
;
Maximus
killeth
Gratian
treacherously
,
and
possesseth
Brittain
,
France
,
Spain
and
Africk
:
The
Va●dals
and
Lumbards
quarrel
:
Priscillian
is
Executed
at
Trevers
by
Maximus
,
after
an
appeal
to
him
from
the
Council
of
Bordeux
.
In
392
a
new
Star
is
seen
in
the
Heavens
which
appeared
in
the
form
of
a
sword
for
forty
days
together
;
Armed
men
and
Castles
were
seen
in
the
Heavens
in
Greece
:
Valentinian
is
strangled
at
Vienna
,
Eugenius
is
made
Emperor
,
Honorius
wars
against
Eugenius
;
The
King
of
France
is
slain
in
battel
,
the
Romans
impose
a
tribute
on
the
French
.
XIII
.
In
399
strange
fiery
clouds
are
seen
in
Constantinople
,
an
Earthquake
,
and
great
hail
,
a
Star
like
a
sword
is
seen
at
Rome
,
in
many
places
hail-stones
fell
which
were
bigger
than
a
stone
of
eight
pound
weight
:
A
deep
Snow
,
great
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
,
and
other
strange
Meteors
;
the
Goths
divide
into
Factions
,
and
consume
themselves
with
Civil
War
;
Gildo
their
King
killeth
his
children
,
is
forced
to
fly
,
and
at
last
is
taken
and
strangled
;
Heathen
Temples
and
Idols
are
destroyed
:
The
Sybyls
books
are
burnt
at
Rome
.
In
412
the
Earth
at
Vtica
in
Italy
seemed
as
if
it
mourned
for
seven
dayes
together
,
with
a
horrible
lowing
:
At
Rome
great
flocks
of
Grashoppers
were
seen
in
the
Air
;
Arthaulphus
warreth
with
the
Vandals
;
The
Spaniards
Countrey
is
parted
between
them
and
the
Swedes
.
Pelagius
a
Monk
in
Brittain
broacheth
his
Opinions
;
Heraclian
is
slain
by
his
own
Souldiers
.
In
434
it
rained
blood
in
Savoy
:
A
Comet
of
wonderful
Magnitude
appeared
in
the
Heavens
;
In
Sweden
a
Dragon
was
seen
flying
in
the
Air
;
There
was
a
great
Famine
in
Constantinople
,
Pope
Bassus
dyeth
:
The
French
besiege
Archillas
:
The
Emperors
makes
peace
with
the
Vandals
:
The
Goths
break
Peace
with
the
Romans
:
The
Brittains
war
with
the
Scots
.
In
445
were
apparitions
in
the
Heavens
in
England
,
burning
Spears
were
seen
at
Rome
,
many
Earthquakes
,
the
Moon
Eclipsed
;
A
Comet
this
year
appeared
ten
weeks
together
:
Aelius
the
Roman
General
is
slain
,
Cartigern
and
Horsa
are
killed
in
battel
at
Aylesford
in
Kent
.
The
Brittains
beat
the
Saxons
,
and
drive
them
into
the
Isle
of
Thanet
,
the
King
of
the
Goths
is
slain
.
In
463
happened
a
great
Earthquake
in
Rome
,
and
many
parts
of
Italy
,
with
terrible
showrs
,
and
great
storms
of
hail
;
The
Goths
wast
Illyria
,
Beorgok
is
slain
in
Italy
by
Ricimer
;
The
Popes
usurpations
are
opposed
by
Hillarius
a
Deacon
of
Rome
.
In
471
was
an
Earthquake
at
Vienna
;
Wolves
,
and
other
Beasts
wander
all
the
year
through
that
City
,
and
devour
men
,
the
Emperors
Palace
is
consumed
by
fire
,
Ricimer
aspireth
,
and
being
discovered
fleeth
to
Milan
,
he
proclaimeth
war
against
the
Emperor
,
besiegeth
Rome
,
and
killeth
Arthemius
:
Portugal
and
Burgundy
are
wasted
by
the
Goths
.
In
483
Armies
of
men
were
seen
in
the
Air
in
Russia
;
An
Earthquake
also
,
and
two
wonderful
Blazing
Stars
appeared
,
a
Rainbow
likewise
seemed
to
incompass
two
Suns
which
were
visible
at
once
;
Giles
King
of
France
is
slain
,
and
Clovis
taketh
many
Cities
:
A
Persecution
of
learned
men
in
Africa
;
Zeno
the
Emperor
gives
up
himself
to
riot
and
cruelty
,
putting
many
to
death
.
In
507
there
fell
a
great
and
fiery
dart
from
Heaven
in
Africa
,
and
dark
spots
were
observed
in
the
body
of
the
Sun
.
The
Emperor
gives
the
Goths
money
to
depart
his
Dominions
,
Clovis
warreth
against
Alaricus
for
Religion
,
and
Italy
is
wasted
by
Clorus
with
an
hundred
ships
,
and
eight
thousand
men
.
In
529
happened
wonderful
Lightning
at
Antioch
,
and
an
Earthquake
at
Constantinople
;
Legible
Letters
are
seen
in
the
Air
at
Rome
,
it
rained
blood
in
the
Valleys
of
Lucern
and
Piedmont
four
days
together
.
The
Persians
war
against
the
King
of
Colchos
,
and
the
Emperor
;
The
Vandals
put
their
General
to
death
,
the
Jews
are
suppressed
,
the
Emperors
General
Mundus
defeateth
the
Getes
who
wasted
Thrace
.
XIV
.
In
539
a
famous
Comet
appeared
in
the
Royal
sign
Sagittarius
,
and
vast
Flocks
of
Ravens
were
seen
at
Rome
:
The
Persians
take
Antioch
,
and
wast
the
Eastern
Provinces
;
The
Emperor
purchaseth
his
peace
.
People
are
ordered
to
pray
toward
the
East
in
their
Churches
.
In
546
the
Sea
flowed
up
four
miles
into
Thrace
,
and
drowned
many
people
:
There
was
a
very
great
Earthquake
in
Constantinople
:
The
Goths
soon
after
setting
upon
the
Romans
at
the
siege
of
Septa
,
were
all
slain
;
Totilas
the
Goth
besiegeth
Rome
,
and
taketh
it
;
Belisarius
recovereth
it
.
In
555
a
fiery
Lance
in
the
Element
appeared
from
the
North
to
the
East
;
The
Heavens
seemed
to
open
in
France
,
and
lights
shined
out
for
two
hours
space
,
an
Earthquake
shook
Constantinople
for
six
weeks
,
and
the
Sun
for
the
greatest
part
of
the
year
gave
so
little
light
,
a●
was
only
equal
to
that
of
the
Moon
,
though
the
Sky
was
clear
,
and
no
Clouds
or
any
thing
to
overshadow
it
;
After
which
there
followed
a
great
Famine
,
Earthquakes
,
and
much
War
and
bloodshed
.
Narses
winneth
Liguria
and
Venice
from
the
French
:
The
Romans
rout
the
Persians
at
Phasido
;
The
Jews
and
Samaritans
persecute
the
Christians
,
and
burn
their
Churches
in
Caesarea
.
In
570
at
York
in
England
the
Fountains
ran
blood
;
Likewise
blood
fell
from
the
Clouds
in
Lombardy
,
in
Kent
a
Boy
laughed
in
his
Mothers
Belly
,
and
at
London
,
Trees
seemed
to
be
on
fire
;
This
year
the
Persians
begin
a
war
with
the
Romans
;
The
Huns
break
into
Germany
,
and
are
expelled
by
the
French
:
There
was
so
great
a
Famine
in
England
,
that
the
People
assembled
together
in
flocks
,
to
throw
themselves
into
the
Sea
.
In
590
was
a
great
inundation
in
Constantinople
:
there
was
a
Comet
this
year
which
Blazed
a
Month
together
;
In
the
River
Tyber
at
Rome
was
seen
a
Dragon
,
and
many
Serpents
,
and
the
water
thereof
overflowed
the
City
,
an
infinite
company
of
Grashoppers
are
seen
in
Lombardy
,
and
many
Locusts
in
France
.
Not
long
after
so
great
a
Plague
was
in
Rome
that
eight
hundred
men
fell
dead
in
an
hour
in
the
time
of
Procession
,
Antharis
is
poysoned
at
Papia
:
The
Huns
invade
Italy
and
France
,
the
Emperor
goes
against
them
but
was
forced
to
return
.
In
597
a
dreadful
Comet
is
seen
at
Constantinople
,
the
Elements
seem
to
burn
in
Poland
,
a
fiery
lance
is
seen
in
the
Heavens
at
Rome
;
An
horrible
Earthquake
in
Palestine
;
A
sign
in
the
Heavens
like
a
sword
flamed
thirty
days
together
;
A
Comet
was
seen
for
a
month
together
at
Jerusalem
.
Soon
after
the
Sclavi
wast
Thrace
:
The
Brittains
and
Scots
invade
the
Saxons
;
France
and
Poland
are
miserably
wasted
;
Brunchild
a
Daughter
of
the
Royal
Blood
of
France
,
being
found
guilty
of
the
death
of
Ten
Kings
,
she
is
tyed
by
the
hair
of
the
head
,
and
by
the
Arms
to
wild
horses
,
and
torn
to
pieces
;
The
Romans
and
Persians
differ
,
and
the
Emperor
is
defeated
in
Thrace
.
XV.
In
639
was
an
Earthquake
at
Antioch
,
and
Horsemen
were
seen
in
the
Air
in
Muscovia
,
and
blood
rained
at
Naples
;
A
wonderful
storm
at
Constantinople
which
spoiled
the
Fields
and
Gardens
,
a
fiery
Dragon
was
seen
in
the
Air
there
also
;
After
this
the
Saracens
or
Turks
become
Lords
of
all
Mesopotamia
;
Sigebert
King
of
the
East-Angles
dies
;
Dagobert
becomes
sole
Monarch
of
France
,
the
Pope
is
imprisoned
at
Constantinople
,
and
afterward
banished
and
starved
.
In
674
appeared
so
horrible
a
fire
,
and
a
Rainbow
in
the
Element
,
that
many
cryed
out
the
world
was
at
an
end
,
this
was
accompanied
with
Rain
,
Thunder
and
Lightning
,
which
slew
both
Men
and
Beasts
in
Italy
.
This
year
the
Saracens
besieged
Constantinople
,
and
the
s●ege
continued
7
years
,
till
at
last
thirty
thousand
of
them
were
slain
,
and
their
Fleet
is
fired
by
Cariniceus
who
revolted
from
them
;
Bamba
warreth
against
the
French
;
Egbert
of
Kent
dyeth
;
King
Lothari
is
slain
with
a
dart
;
The
Goths
overcome
the
Gascoigns
.
In
687
there
was
a
very
great
Comet
at
Christmass
and
several
Mocksuns
were
seen
in
England
,
the
next
year
it
rained
blood
seven
days
together
through
all
Brittain
.
In
Campania
Wheat
rained
from
Heaven
,
also
Barly
and
Pulse
in
other
parts
of
Italy
,
two
Comets
of
great
magnitude
were
seen
this
year
;
It
rained
blood
seven
days
together
through
all
Brittain
,
and
the
milk
,
cheese
and
butter
turned
into
blood
.
Soon
after
happened
great
controversy
in
Rome
about
a
new
Pope
:
The
King
of
Scots
is
slain
by
the
Picts
:
The
Emperor
defeateth
the
Sclavonians
:
Kenwin
the
West-Saxon
dyeth
;
The
French
enter
into
Germany
,
and
subdue
the
Bavarians
and
Almains
:
Italy
began
to
choose
themselves
several
Dukes
this
year
.
In
735
a
most
Prodigious
Hail
fell
in
England
:
Fire
was
seen
to
flame
in
the
Heavens
at
Rome
.
About
this
time
Gregory
the
great
being
sent
to
the
Emperor
at
Constantinople
about
some
Ecclesiastical
Affairs
,
at
his
return
to
Rome
the
River
Tyber
swelled
to
such
an
immeasurable
height
,
that
it
ran
over
the
Walls
of
the
City
,
and
drowned
a
great
part
of
it
,
breaking
into
divers
great
houses
,
and
overthrowing
many
Antient
Monuments
,
flowing
into
the
Granaries
that
belonged
to
the
Church
,
and
carried
away
many
thousand
measures
of
Wheat
;
Presently
after
which
inundation
there
came
down
the
River
an
innumerable
company
of
Serpents
,
and
amongst
the
rest
one
so
monstrous
that
it
was
as
big
as
a
great
beam
,
all
which
swimming
down
the
River
into
the
Sea
,
were
there
choaked
,
and
their
Carcasses
being
cast
upon
the
shoar
,
rotted
there
,
by
the
stink
whereof
the
Air
was
inf●●●ed
,
so
that
a
dreadful
Plague
followed
,
whereof
th●
〈◊〉
many
Thousands
;
Yea
Arrowes
were
visibly
seen
s●●
〈◊〉
Heaven
,
and
whoever
was
struck
with
them
d●ed
immediately
,
and
among
others
Pelagius
Bishop
of
Rome
.
This
Judgment
so
raged
in
the
City
that
many
houses
were
wholly
emptied
of
their
Inhabitants
.
An
inundation
likewise
happened
in
Constantinowe
;
Oyl
raired
in
Spain
,
a
Comet
appeared
in
the
fashion
of
a
sword
.
Cro●●●
fell
from
Heaven
upon
mens
Garments
;
An
Earthquake
in
Palestim
;
Fire
rained
from
Heaven
in
many
parts
of
France
;
The
French
about
this
time
enter
the
territories
of
the
Goths
,
and
destroy
their
Ca●●●es
;
A
mighty
Pestilence
in
Constantinople
for
three
years
,
which
devoured
so
many
that
they
wanted
men
to
bury
their
dead
;
Selred
the
East-Saxon
is
slain
;
The
Emperor
beats
the
Saracens
in
Cyprus
,
the
Huns
General
slain
in
Transilvania
.
XVI
.
In
761
in
the
month
of
September
happened
a
very
great
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
;
A
Blazing
Star
was
seen
in
the
East
for
many
dayes
together
;
This
year
the
King
of
Scotland
invadeth
Northumberland
,
and
is
slain
;
There
was
a
Rebellion
in
Galloway
;
The
Bulgarians
invade
the
Empire
.
Dominico
the
great
Duke
is
deposed
by
the
Venetians
for
his
Tyranny
,
and
his
eyes
put
out
.
About
this
time
the
Turks
brake
forth
from
the
Caspian
Sea
,
and
there
was
such
an
extraordinary
cold
Winter
that
the
Euxine
Sea
was
frozen
thirteen
foot
thick
,
and
men
walked
on
the
see
for
an
Hundred
Miles
into
the
Sea
;
Yea
all
the
Countreys
from
Lycia
to
Danubius
,
and
on
the
other
●●de
as
far
as
to
Euphrates
were
so
joined
together
by
the
Frost
as
if
they
had
been
all
one
Continent
;
And
at
the
end
of
Winter
began
a
very
dry
Summer
,
so
that
the
Fountains
of
water
were
dryed
up
;
Some
pieces
of
Ice
as
big
as
Mountains
fell
upon
,
and
beat
down
the
Walls
of
several
Cities
;
Stars
were
seen
falling
from
Heaven
,
so
that
men
thought
the
end
of
the
world
had
been
come
.
In
778
was
another
great
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
;
Armies
of
men
were
seen
in
the
Heavens
in
France
.
This
year
it
rained
blood
,
also
Earth
and
Ashes
fell
from
Heaven
at
Rome
:
There
were
Meteors
in
the
Air
like
unto
fiery
Serpents
,
which
fell
in
many
parts
of
England
.
Soon
after
Telerick
King
of
Bulgaria
is
expelled
by
his
people
.
King
Etheldred
flyes
from
England
:
King
Aswald
is
Murthered
by
Siga
:
The
Emperor
slayes
Six
Thousand
Saracens
.
In
794
the
River
of
Tiber
overflows
its
Banks
,
and
doth
much
prejudice
,
a
very
great
Earthquake
happened
in
Creet
and
Constantinople
;
the
event
was
,
that
Alphonsus
King
of
Spain
killed
Seventy
Thousand
of
the
Moors
,
and
took
Lisbon
in
Portugal
from
them
.
The
Danes
invade
England
,
but
almost
all
of
them
perish
;
The
Armenian
Legions
rebel
.
In
798
the
Sun
was
darkened
for
seventeen
dayes
together
;
This
year
Irene
the
Empress
of
Constantinople
first
governed
the
Empire
with
her
son
Constantius
:
but
she
afterward
deposed
him
,
put
out
his
eyes
,
and
lastly
murthered
him
.
In
808
the
Sun
and
Moon
were
Eclipsed
contrary
to
nature
;
Armies
of
Men
appear
in
the
Heavens
;
The
Star
Mercury
is
seen
in
the
Sun
like
a
black
spot
;
Blood
rained
in
Holland
;
At
this
time
,
the
Picts
wast
Scotland
;
The
Bulgarians
kill
six
thousand
Greeks
,
and
take
Sardis
;
The
Danes
subdue
Friezland
,
the
Saracens
disperse
themselves
into
divers
Countreys
under
six
Princes
.
In
820
a
great
and
wonderful
storm
of
Rain
fell
,
which
rotted
all
the
Corn
in
the
Fields
,
and
such
mighty
floods
and
inundations
followed
,
that
hindred
the
Countrey-men
from
sowing
their
seed
;
Fiery
apparitions
were
often
seen
in
the
Elements
;
The
effects
that
followed
were
,
a
great
Famine
and
Pestilence
in
France
:
The
King
of
England
is
slain
by
the
East-Angles
;
Asia
is
wasted
,
Constantinople
besieged
;
and
Reyner
King
of
Denmark
is
expelled
his
Kingdom
.
XVII
.
In
the
year
840
sparks
of
fire
like
Stars
were
seen
to
run
up
and
down
the
Heavens
:
A
great
Comet
appeared
,
and
the
Sun
was
much
Eclipsed
,
swarms
of
Bees
were
seen
at
Westchester
in
England
:
This
year
was
prodigious
for
many
wonderful
Earthquakes
,
Hails
,
Whirl-winds
,
Thunders
and
Lightnings
which
happened
in
most
parts
of
the
world
.
Soon
after
,
the
people
of
Spain
rebel
,
the
Scots
overcome
the
English
who
aided
the
Picts
:
The
Saracens
are
overcome
by
the
Emperor
,
and
soon
after
Lothair
their
King
with
his
Brethren
,
and
one
hundred
thousand
men
were
slain
.
The
Danes
enter
the
Thames
with
two
hundred
and
fifty
ships
,
and
take
Canterbury
and
London
,
and
expel
the
King
of
England
.
In
870
were
great
Hail
,
Thunders
and
Lightning
at
Rome
:
a
Church
at
Worms
burnt
by
it
,
an
Earthquake
in
England
:
In
Brixia
near
Italy
,
it
rained
blood
for
three
dayes
and
three
nights
together
;
At
this
time
the
Danes
were
beaten
out
of
Holland
,
and
the
Saracens
out
of
Italy
:
The
Danes
land
in
Scotland
,
and
challenge
Pictland
for
their
King
.
In
882
the
Sun
was
so
much
obscured
that
the
Stars
appeared
in
the
Sky
in
the
day
time
.
There
was
an
Earthquake
in
Normandy
,
and
a
Blazing
Star
hung
just
over
Spain
;
Now
the
Brittains
invaded
Scotland
,
Constantine
their
King
was
killed
:
The
Saracens
break
into
Italy
,
and
are
expelled
by
the
Emperor
.
In
912
four
Rainbowes
were
seen
at
once
in
Scotland
:
Fiery
Torches
are
seen
in
the
Air
;
Many
great
floods
happened
in
Saxony
;
A
great
Comet
,
and
Stars
were
seen
to
run
glittering
to
and
fro
in
the
Heavens
.
Divers
Mock-suns
were
visible
in
Italy
and
Spain
;
This
Winter
was
very
wonderful
for
excessive
cold
;
The
Sun
appears
for
certain
days
as
if
it
bled
,
three
Comets
for
a
fortnight
together
were
seen
just
over
Germany
;
About
this
time
the
Vandals
invade
Greece
,
and
the
Saracens
,
Calabria
,
and
take
many
Cities
in
Italy
;
the
Emperor
dyeth
,
his
death
being
judged
to
be
occasioned
by
his
losses
to
the
Hungarians
;
The
Pope
is
imprisoned
and
strangled
;
The
Scots
assist
the
Danes
,
but
are
overcome
;
Gonsalvo
poysoneth
Sancho
King
of
Spain
.
The
Russians
in
a
malicious
manner
persecute
the
Christians
;
The
French
King
and
the
Emperor
are
reconciled
,
and
divers
Conspirators
against
the
Emperor
are
executed
.
XVIII
.
The
year
956
produced
many
strange
prodigies
,
as
a
wonderful
hail
at
Oxford
in
England
;
strange
Lightning
,
killing
many
Priests
in
France
;
Mighty
Thunders
,
Tempests
,
&c.
Soon
after
the
Hungarians
invade
the
Emperor
,
but
are
reconciled
to
him
.
The
Bishop
of
Strasburg
calls
one
hundred
thousand
Hungarians
into
Batavia
;
they
are
all
slain
there
,
and
the
Emperors
eyes
pluckt
out
;
The
Italians
make
war
with
the
Pope
.
In
968
Fire
falls
from
Heaven
,
there
was
a
great
Earthquake
in
France
,
a
Comet
appeared
,
there
was
wonderful
increase
of
Vermine
,
as
Rats
,
Mice
,
&c.
This
year
the
Empress
murders
the
Emperor
Nicephorus
:
Donald
murthered
the
King
of
Scotland
for
refusing
to
pardon
a
thief
of
his
acquaintance
.
In
979
was
an
Earthquake
in
Scotland
;
Armies
of
Fire
were
seen
a
whole
night
together
in
the
Air
;
A
Child
was
born
in
Rome
with
two
heads
,
not
long
after
Harold
King
of
Denmark
is
slain
by
an
arrow
:
The
Danes
land
in
Scotland
,
and
wast
divers
places
,
the
Scots
put
them
to
flight
,
they
land
in
Kent
,
and
spoyl
the
Isle
of
Thanet
.
In
992
Fire
rises
out
of
the
River
Rhine
(
saith
my
Author
)
and
burns
many
places
in
Germany
.
In
Spain
three
swords
appeared
in
the
Heavens
like
fire
;
Now
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
dyeth
;
The
Danes
invade
England
with
a
very
great
Fleet
:
the
King
of
Denmark
is
slain
by
one
of
his
own
servants
.
In
1002
a
Fountain
of
water
in
Lorrain
is
turned
into
blood
.
A
Comet
very
horrible
to
behold
was
seen
,
casting
out
flames
of
fire
on
every
side
;
The
Danes
being
routed
at
Oxford
fly
to
the
Church
,
and
are
there
all
burnt
:
The
Emperor
Otho
is
poysoned
with
a
pair
of
Gloves
.
In
1022
swarms
of
Locusts
came
into
France
.
It
rained
milk
at
Rome
,
there
was
a
very
great
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
,
and
this
year
the
weather
was
so
unseasonable
that
many
dyed
through
too
much
heat
;
Divers
Polonians
rebel
against
the
Christians
;
The
Emperor
overcomes
the
Greeks
in
Italy
,
the
Polanders
subdue
Ruisia
,
and
make
it
tributary
;
The
Vandals
wast
Saxony
,
and
take
Brandenburg
.
In
1043
five
Suns
at
once
appeared
in
England
,
and
a
hairy
Comet
very
large
was
visible
,
the
Emperor
overcame
the
Russians
,
who
invaded
his
territories
.
A
great
Famine
happened
in
Germany
and
France
;
The
Prussians
invade
Poland
,
and
fifteen
thousand
of
them
are
slain
,
and
twenty
thousand
taken
Prisoners
;
The
Irish
and
Welch
enter
the
River
Severn
,
and
do
a
great
deal
of
harm
.
In
1033
when
the
Pope
(
the
great
Antichrist
)
was
come
to
his
height
,
and
the
darkness
of
superstition
and
Idolatry
had
overspread
the
Christian
world
,
upon
June
29
at
six
a
Clock
in
the
Morning
,
the
Sun
began
to
be
Eclipsed
,
continuing
till
8
a
Clock
in
a
very
strange
manner
,
the
body
of
the
Sun
was
of
the
Colour
of
a
Saphire
,
so
that
the
Countenances
of
men
looked
pale
and
wan
as
if
they
were
dead
,
and
whatsoever
was
in
the
Air
seemed
of
a
yellow
Saffron
Colour
to
the
great
terror
of
all
men
.
Imper.
Hist
.
XIX
.
There
was
a
great
increase
of
Rats
and
Mice
in
the
year
1058
;
And
stones
of
a
mighty
bigness
mixt
with
Hail
fell
from
Heaven
,
and
killed
many
,
two
Blazing
Stars
this
year
hung
over
Poland
;
The
Saxons
rebel
against
the
Emperor
,
twenty
six
thousand
are
drowned
in
a
Pitfall
by
the
stratagem
of
two
Bishops
in
Holland
,
as
they
came
against
the
Earl
of
Flanders
.
In
1064
a
little
before
the
coming
of
the
Normans
to
this
Kingdom
about
the
Feast
of
Easter
,
there
was
seen
for
a
week
together
a
Blazing
Star
of
an
hideous
and
fearful
form
,
which
occasioned
in
mens
minds
a
fore-feeling
of
some
dismal
events
.
In
1076
three
Suns
at
once
were
seen
in
Naples
.
A
fiery
Dart
ran
up
and
down
in
the
Heavens
,
in
Italy
women
appeared
in
the
Air
of
admirable
shapes
,
which
mightily
amazed
the
Beholders
.
The
Emperor
deposeth
the
Pope
,
and
the
Pope
him
,
and
also
excommunicateth
him
;
The
Turks
take
Rhodes
and
Cyprus
:
The
Hollanders
overcome
the
Frisons
:
Northumberland
in
England
is
wasted
.
In
1086
a
great
inundation
happened
in
Italy
;
Four
Moons
were
seen
at
once
in
France
and
England
:
Many
tame
Fowl
became
perfectly
wild
;
In
Flanders
a
fiery
Dragon
was
seen
flying
in
the
Air
,
casting
flames
out
of
his
mouth
:
shortly
after
followed
the
burning
Plague
,
called
Ignis
sacer
or
Holy
fire
.
The
Saxons
defeat
the
Emperor
,
the
Turkish
Emperor
dyeth
,
King
William
the
Conqueror
dyeth
,
Prince
Edmund
and
Ethelred
are
banished
Scotland
by
Donald
their
Unkle
,
and
dye
in
England
.
In
1094
a
fiery
dart
was
visible
in
the
Heavens
,
which
through
its
violence
flew
from
North
to
South
;
There
was
a
great
Earthquake
in
England
:
Horrible
noises
and
strange
groanings
were
heard
in
the
Earth
about
Rome
.
Soon
after
the
King
of
Poland
being
envied
by
his
Nobles
causeth
many
of
them
to
be
banished
,
Pedro
of
Spain
taketh
Osca
,
and
killeth
thirty
thousand
Moors
;
The
English
invade
Normandy
again
;
Bretislaus
gaineth
the
Kingdom
of
Bohemia
by
the
aid
of
the
Hungarians
.
The
year
1101
was
very
remarkable
for
Monsters
;
Syracuse
in
Sicily
is
shaken
with
an
Earthquake
;
Three
Suns
,
a
Sword
and
Crown
,
are
seen
in
the
Air
in
Germany
,
and
likewise
a
Comet
of
wonderful
bigness
,
after
this
Conradus
the
Emperor
dyeth
in
Italy
:
The
Russians
invade
Poland
,
but
are
expelled
by
Boleslaus
;
In
England
the
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
warreth
against
King
Henry
1.
The
Earl
of
Flanders
takes
Cambray
;
A
League
is
concluded
between
the
English
and
Scots
.
In
1106
a
great
Comet
appeareth
for
fifty
dayes
together
;
The
Emperor
Henry
4.
dyeth
,
as
supposed
of
grief
,
that
his
Son
had
lately
rebelled
against
him
;
About
the
same
time
,
which
was
when
the
Christians
were
ingaged
in
Palestine
in
the
Holy
War
for
the
recovery
of
Jerusalem
,
three
Suns
appeared
,
one
on
each
side
the
true
,
but
smaller
both
in
quantity
and
light
,
a
great
white
circle
invironing
them
,
and
in
it
a
Rainbow
of
four
Colours
,
the
Bow
being
toward
the
Sun
,
and
reaching
to
the
other
two
Suns
,
and
shortly
after
the
Stars
of
Heaven
seemed
to
ram
.
XX.
In
1116
fiery
Armies
in
the
Heavens
were
seen
in
Germany
,
with
many
Earthquakes
,
and
very
great
Whirlwinds
,
then
Bruges
in
Flanders
was
burnt
,
Poland
was
wasted
;
And
the
Emperor
is
Excommunicated
by
the
Pope
.
In
1135
was
a
very
great
inundation
in
Flanders
,
Holland
and
Freizeland
,
in
England
was
a
great
Earthquake
,
and
Whirlwinds
happened
in
France
,
the
light
of
the
Sun
appears
sensibly
to
fail
and
decay
;
Now
many
people
perished
in
Flanders
:
Judea
is
miserably
wasted
by
the
Saracens
;
Henry
I.
King
of
England
surfeits
of
Lampreys
and
dyes
;
Baldwin
de
Rivers
fortifies
Exeter
against
King
Stephen
,
he
is
taken
and
banished
.
In
1147
were
great
Thunders
at
Rome
,
and
an
Earthquake
in
England
;
Several
Globes
of
Fire
were
seen
in
the
Heavens
,
a
multitude
of
small
worms
were
vi●●●e
;
it
rained
blood
,
and
there
were
strange
Lightnings
at
Rome
;
Ling
Lew●s
of
France
about
this
time
invades
Syria
,
he
〈◊〉
taken
Prisoner
by
the
Greeks
,
but
rescued
by
the
●●ing
of
Sic●●y
:
Al●●●●s●s
King
of
Spain
took
L●sbon
and
St.
Iren
from
the
Moores
,
the
King
of
Sueden
is
slain
,
and
soon
after
King
Stephen
of
England
dyeth
.
in
1158
a
very
great
Pillar
of
fire
appeared
in
the
Heavens
in
Germany
;
There
was
a
great
Eclipse
of
the
Su●●
;
Two
Dragons
were
seen
to
fight
in
the
Air
in
〈◊〉
.
This
year
the
Emperor
goeth
against
the
A●●●●●s
;
The
Pope
submitteth
to
the
Emperor
,
but
soon
after
repents
thereof
,
and
excommunicateth
him
;
The
Venetians
deny
aid
to
the
Greek
Emperor
against
the
King
of
Sicily
.
In
1169
there
appeared
three
Suns
,
and
three
Moons
beside
the
true
ones
,
and
also
a
Comet
,
there
happened
likewise
a
very
great
Earthquake
;
not
long
after
,
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
is
flain
by
Syraconus
;
The
English
invade
Cumberland
:
Malcolm
King
of
Scots
dyeth
;
Catania
in
Sicily
is
destroyed
and
nineteen
thousand
People
are
swallowed
up
by
an
Earthquake
,
The
Romans
rase
the
City
of
Alba.
XXI
.
In
1178
there
was
a
wonderful
inundation
in
●●gland
;
Two
Armies
were
seen
in
the
Heavens
in
Italy
to
fight
a
fierce
battel
;
The
Sun
was
this
year
greatly
Eclipsed
;
At
which
time
the
English
and
Scots
quarrel
;
The
Spaniards
take
several
places
from
the
Fr●●ch
;
Wars
were
between
the
French
and
Flemmings
.
In
1185
was
another
very
great
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
,
and
likewise
a
great
Earthquake
;
also
an
Eclipse
of
the
Moon
,
●●d
Armies
were
seen
in
the
air
in
Greece
,
surrounded
with
fire
;
At
this
time
,
the
Moors
were
defeated
by
the
Spaniards
,
and
their
King
slain
;
The
greatest
part
of
Bruges
in
Flanders
was
burnt
;
Baldwin
the
fifth
King
of
Jerusalem
was
poysoned
by
his
Mother
;
A
rebellion
happened
in
England
;
The
Greeks
lose
70
sail
of
Ships
by
Pyrates
.
In
1198
great
stones
fall
from
Heaven
,
there
was
an
Earthquake
in
the
East
,
which
overthrew
many
Cities
;
It
rained
blood
in
England
;
Two
fiery
swords
are
seen
in
the
Heavens
in
Spain
;
Soon
after
the
Kings
of
Castille
and
Aragon
invade
Navar
;
The
Sultan
〈◊〉
Iconi●●●
is
swallowed
up
by
an
Earthquake
;
About
this
time
saith
A.
B
Spot●wood
,
Adam
Bishop
of
Cathness
was
barbarously
used
by
some
wicked
people
suborned
by
the
Earl
of
Cathnes
;
He
was
assaulted
at
his
own
house
,
and
his
servant
with
a
Monk
who
did
ordinarily
attend
him
were
killed
,
the
Bishop
was
by
force
drawn
into
his
Kitchen
,
and
when
they
had
scourged
him
with
Rods
,
they
let
the
Kitchen
on
fire
,
and
burnt
him
therein
.
King
Alexander
2
was
at
that
time
upon
his
Journey
toward
England
,
and
●having
notice
of
this
cruel
fact
,
turned
back
,
and
went
in
haste
to
Cathnes
,
where
he
brought
the
Offenders
,
and
their
Partakers
to
Tryal
;
Four
Hundred
by
publick
sentence
were
executed
,
and
all
their
Male-Children
gelt
,
that
no
succession
should
spring
from
such
wicked
seed
;
and
the
place
where
there
Genitals
were
cast
is
to
this
day
called
,
the
Stony-Hill
;
The
Earl
because
he
did
not
help
to
rescue
the
Bishop
,
had
his
Estate
forfeited
,
but
yet
he
did
not
escape
divine
vengeance
,
being
murdered
by
some
of
his
own
Servants
,
who
conspired
to
kill
him
,
and
to
conceal
the
Fact
,
set
the
House
on
fire
,
and
burnt
his
body
,
whereby
he
was
paid
home
in
the
same
measure
he
had
used
to
the
Bishop
.
A.
B.
Spotswood
History
Scotland
.
Pag.
110.
XXII
.
In
the
year
1212
a
dreadful
Comet
appeared
for
18
days
together
;
Shapes
all
bloody
were
seen
in
the
Heavens
;
A
Star
with
a
Cross
and
an
half
Moon
was
visible
in
Italy
;
Not
long
after
the
Spaniards
kill
Two
Hundred
Thousand
Moors
;
The
Pope
giveth
away
England
from
King
John
to
Prince
Philip
of
France
,
who
lands
there
,
and
striveth
for
it
;
The
Flemish
with
the
English
take
three
hundred
sail
of
Ships
from
him
,
and
burn
an
hundred
more
;
The
King
of
Aragon
is
slain
,
William
King
of
Scots
,
and
soon
after
King
John
both
dye
.
In
1234
a
great
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
happened
,
and
strange
sights
appeared
in
the
Moon
,
for
whereas
she
usually
seems
round
,
she
now
visibly
appeared
with
six
squares
;
The
Sun
was
darkned
so
much
that
the
Stars
were
seen
;
This
year
the
King
of
Bulgaria
puts
out
the
Emperors
eyes
;
Vienna
is
subjected
to
the
Empire
;
Constantinople
is
besieged
by
the
Turks
,
but
released
by
the
Venetians
;
King
Henry
III.
of
England
and
his
Nobles
quarrel
but
are
reconciled
;
The
King
of
Poland
dyeth
.
In
1243
was
a
great
Comet
fearful
to
behold
,
A
Hill
of
a
vast
greatness
removes
it self
out
of
its
place
;
A
noise
like
Trumpets
is
heard
in
the
air
in
Italy
;
These
were
followed
by
a
great
Plague
in
Greece
,
and
a
miserable
Famine
in
Constantinople
,
the
King
of
the
Cumans
is
slain
,
and
the
Turks
take
Jerusalem
,
and
kill
many
Prisoners
.
In
1255
a
great
Comet
appeared
;
Strange
Lightning
fell
from
Heaven
;
The
Sea
overflowed
in
many
places
in
England
;
Dismal
and
strange
noises
are
heard
in
the
air
;
At
this
time
the
Geneveses
take
Venice
,
and
are
expelled
again
;
The
Duke
of
Lithuania
invadeth
Prussia
;
five
petty
Kings
are
expelled
Spain
,
the
Venetians
take
Padua
:
E●●●line
comes
thither
,
and
kills
twelve
thousand
Citizens
.
Not
long
after
Henry
III.
King
of
England
dyes
.
In
1277
there
was
a
very
great
Rain
about
the
Rhine
in
Germany
,
the
Sky
was
as
bright
in
Poland
at
midnight
as
if
it
had
been
noon
day
,
Four
Suns
were
seen
in
Russia
,
and
there
was
an
Earthquake
in
England
;
Now
the
Turks
won
all
the
lesser
Asia
from
the
Greeks
:
The
Pope
is
killed
by
a
fall
,
the
Emperor
slayes
fourteen
thousand
Bohemians
:
King
Edward
I.
of
England
forceth
the
Welch
to
a
Peace
.
In
1285
a
great
Earthquake
happened
in
Italy
;
A
Comet
of
notable
greatness
was
seen
this
year
:
A
great
swarm
of
divers
coloured
Flyes
,
and
mighty
floods
of
waters
were
in
England
:
There
was
likewise
about
this
time
a
battel
or
fight
of
Dogs
in
France
(
saith
Mr.
Camden
)
at
a
place
called
Genelon
Castle
,
wherein
every
one
killed
another
being
in
number
about
Three
Thousand
,
no
Dog
escaping
alive
but
only
one
;
Upon
this
followed
the
Invasion
of
Denmark
by
the
Norwegians
;
Hungaria
is
ruined
by
the
Cumans
,
the
Helvetians
war
against
the
Emperor
,
but
are
subdued
;
The
King
of
Sicily
dyes
,
and
there
was
a
great
battel
fought
between
the
English
and
Scots
,
wherein
many
of
the
Scots
were
slain
,
the
Sun
the
same
day
appeared
as
red
as
blood
as
long
as
the
fight
continued
.
XXIII
.
Launces
and
Darts
of
fire
were
seen
in
the
Heavens
in
the
year
1300
,
a
great
Snow
fell
,
and
a
Comet
of
a
wonderful
magnitude
appeared
;
In
Germany
Men
and
Horses
were
visible
in
the
Air
;
At
this
time
the
English
beat
the
Scots
;
The
Turks
invade
the
German
Empire
,
and
commit
great
mischiess
,
the
Pope
writes
himself
,
Vniversal
Lord
in
Spirituals
and
Temporals
.
Flanders
is
invaded
,
and
many
Nobles
are
taken
Prisoners
:
Andrew
King
of
Hungary
dyes
.
In
1310
was
an
Earthquake
in
England
:
The
Elements
seem
to
burn
many
days
together
;
A
Boy
was
born
with
four
Arms
,
and
two
Bodies
;
Soon
after
the
Polonians
subdue
Pomerania
.
The
Isle
of
Rhodes
is
taken
from
the
Turks
,
Robert
Bruce
King
of
Scotland
wasteth
that
Countrey
,
and
drives
out
the
English
,
the
Earl
of
Cornwal
is
banished
,
and
the
Emperor
burneth
Brixia
.
In
1322
the
Sun
in
England
for
six
hours
together
appeared
like
blood
.
There
was
a
great
Earthquake
in
Germany
,
and
two
Crosses
appeared
in
the
Heavens
,
and
a
fiery
Circle
was
seen
about
the
Sun
;
At
this
time
the
Scots
oppose
King
Edward
II.
of
England
,
and
put
him
to
flight
;
The
King
of
Bohemia
conquers
Silesia
,
and
divers
places
in
Lusatia
:
The
Emperor
is
taken
in
battel
,
and
imprisoned
3
years
.
The
King
of
England
dyes
.
In
1337
were
two
Comets
seen
together
,
one
of
which
continued
four
Months
,
the
other
but
three
:
Blood
rained
in
Rome
,
wonderful
flocks
of
Crows
and
Daws
were
seen
in
Germany
;
The
Lithuanians
burn
themselves
,
their
Wives
,
Children
and
Goods
to
avoid
taking
;
The
French
burn
Southampton
:
The
Scythians
wast
Thrace
,
and
take
many
Captives
:
the
King
of
Sicily
dyeth
.
About
this
time
there
happened
a
fearful
Earthquake
in
the
City
of
Venice
,
which
overturned
divers
Steeples
and
Palaces
,
and
among
other
dreadful
Effects
,
it
caused
many
hundred
women
to
miscarry
in
Child-birth
,
and
a
terrible
Plague
sollowed
it
,
which
reduced
the
City
to
such
an
height
of
misery
,
that
it
was
almost
depopulated
,
whereupon
the
Senate
made
a
Decree
,
that
as
many
as
would
come
to
dwell
at
V●●ice
,
should
after
they
had
continued
there
two
years
be
free
Ci●●●ens
.
In
1341
a
terrible
Comet
with
many
other
apparitions
were
seen
in
the
Heavens
:
The
Emperor
A●●ronious
about
this
time
suffered
death
in
an
unheard
of
Tragical
manner
.
And
the
next
year
(
saith
Mr.
Camd●n
)
October
11
,
when
the
Moon
was
eleven
dayes
old
,
there
were
seen
two
Moons
at
Dablin
in
Ireland
,
the
one
according
to
the
●ourse
of
nature
in
〈◊〉
West
,
the
other
in
the
East
,
casting
but
a
mean
and
slender
Light
.
In
1348
Divers
Mocksuns
appeared
in
the
Sky
,
and
the
Heavens
seemed
to
burn
;
There
were
several
small
Beasts
rained
from
the
Elements
in
the
Eastern
parts
of
the
World
:
There
followed
a
gr●at
Piague
in
England
,
the
English
beat
the
Scots
,
and
recover
much
from
them
;
The
Po●anders
●●solutely
conq●er
Russia
.
In
1365
armed
men
were
seen
in
the
Heavens
in
England
,
and
fiery
●ance●
in
Italy
,
Grashoppers
cover
Switzerland
like
Snow
.
Soon
after
the
Russians
who
rebelled
in
P●land
were
s●bdued
;
The
King
of
France
is
ex●●lled
his
Kingdom
;
The
King
of
Sweden
is
taken
Prssoner
in
Dattel
:
the
T●rks
expel
the
Christians
from
Adrianople
.
In
1375
a
Comet
with
a
beard
was
seen
many
nights
together
in
the
Heavens
:
Grashoppers
eat
up
all
the
green
things
in
France
:
Mighty
inundations
in
Germany
,
and
a
very
great
Earthquake
there
;
After
this
five
thousand
Houses
were
burnt
at
Gaunt
,
and
seventeen
other
Towns
in
Flanders
drowned
,
the
Christians
kill
twenty
thousand
Turks
in
Bosnia
by
a
stratagem
:
The
Scots
burn
Roxborough
,
there
were
great
Calamities
in
Italy
;
Prince
Edward
,
commonly
called
the
Black
Prince
dyeth
,
and
not
long
after
Edward
III.
King
of
England
:
The
French
take
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
and
burn
Rye
and
Hastings
.
In
1378
a
general
Plague
in
a
most
miserable
manner
invaded
the
greatest
part
of
the
world
:
It
raged
most
among
young
Persons
and
Children
;
In
the
City
of
Lubeck
only
in
Germany
,
it
swept
away
ninety
thousand
persons
:
there
dyed
of
it
in
several
places
,
of
bare-footed
Fryers
one
Million
,
two
hundred
forty
four
thousand
four
hundred
thirty
four
.
The
Jews
were
said
to
have
poysoned
the
Fountains
of
water
,
for
which
they
were
every
where
seized
upon
and
burned
;
About
the
same
time
likewise
it
rained
blood
,
and
two
Mountains
were
swallowed
up
by
an
Earthquake
,
strange
fires
,
flames
,
and
a
burning
beam
were
seen
in
the
Air.
XXIV
.
In
1382
A.
Bishop
Ceurtney
appointed
a
Convocation
to
be
held
in
London
,
principally
against
Wickliff
,
and
those
who
declared
against
the
many
corruptions
of
the
Romish
Church
,
at
which
time
this
memorable
accident
fell
out
,
when
they
were
all
met
together
at
the
Gray-Friers
in
London
just
at
that
very
instant
when
they
were
beginning
there
business
against
Wickliff
,
there
fell
out
a
wonderful
,
and
terrible
Earthquake
throughout
all
England
,
whereupon
divers
of
the
Bishops
being
affrighted
with
the
terror
of
it
,
thought
good
to
leave
off
their
further
proceeding
therein
.
In
1388
a
Blazing
Star
appeared
in
the
Heavens
,
which
burned
for
two
Months
together
;
At
Oxford
the
Image
of
a
head
spake
thus
,
Caput
decidetur
&c.
The
head
shall
be
cut
off
:
The
head
shall
be
lift
up
:
The
feet
shall
be
elevated
above
the
Head
;
This
was
followed
by
a
Sedition
in
Oxford
among
the
Schollers
,
many
of
whom
dislike
the
Government
;
an
Army
of
Forty
Thousand
are
raised
by
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
Earls
of
Warwick
,
Derby
and
Nottingham
:
Fifty
Thousand
Christians
are
slain
in
the
Plains
of
Casovia
,
very
great
Factions
are
at
this
time
in
France
.
In
1390
a
great
Comet
appeared
,
after
which
King
John
of
Castile
dyed
with
a
fall
from
his
horse
;
Presently
after
John
Hus
and
Jerom
of
Prague
oppose
the
Pope
;
Mary
Queen
of
Hungary
dyes
.
In
1399
a
running
River
in
Bedfordshire
divides
it self
,
a
Blazing
Star
was
visible
this
year
which
shot
wonderful
Beams
of
fire
from
it
.
About
this
time
Scotland
is
wasted
by
the
English
;
The
Frizons
in
Holland
rebel
;
King
Sigismund
executed
32
of
the
Nobles
in
Hungary
;
The
Pope
is
imprisoned
by
the
King
of
France
:
the
Duke
of
Hereford
being
banished
,
returns
into
England
,
and
soon
after
King
Richard
II
is
deposed
and
murthered
,
the
Duke
succeeding
by
the
name
of
King
Henry
IV.
In
1402
a
mighty
Comet
was
seen
in
the
Heavens
,
and
so
the
year
after
:
at
this
time
Tamerlane
Emperor
of
the
Tartars
enters
Asia
,
calling
himself
Iram
Dei
,
&
Vastitatem
Terrae
:
The
wrath
of
God
,
and
the
Destroyer
of
the
earth
.
He
kills
Two
Hundred
Thousand
Turks
,
takes
Baj●zet
Prisoner
,
shackles
him
,
and
puts
him
in
an
●ron
Cage
,
and
earries
him
Captive
through
all
As●a
,
making
him
his
Footstool
when
he
ascended
his
horse
;
John
Hus
is
condemned
,
and
burnt
for
an
Heretick
at
Constans
:
In
1415
strange
Prodigies
were
seen
in
Brittain
,
a
Dragon
encountring
a
Lyon
in
the
air
:
armies
of
fire
were
seen
fighting
,
and
one
party
overcoming
in
the
Heavens
,
a
great
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
,
at
which
time
the
English
fight
with
the
French
under
King
Henry
V.
at
Agincourt
,
the
French
lose
twenty
thousand
men
ten
thousand
b●●ng
killed
upon
the
place
,
and
as
many
taken
Prisoners
:
Pope
Gregory
dyes
,
the
English
invade
Norman●●
:
The
King
of
Spain
sells
the
Canaries
to
the
King
of
Sevil
,
the
Valentians
are
made
Tributary
to
the
Turks
.
In
1421
another
Comet
appears
in
the
Heavens
;
King
Henry
V.
of
England
dyeth
,
and
the
next
year
Charls
VI.
King
of
France
dyeth
,
Zisca
routs
the
Emperors
Forces
;
and
burns
Cathna
,
which
place
for
the
sake
of
the
Silver
Mines
,
he
called
The
Purse
of
Antichrist
,
he
commanded
that
after
his
death
his
skin
should
be
flead
off
,
and
put
upon
a
drum
,
supposing
that
as
he
had
been
victorious
against
his
enemies
while
he
lived
,
so
that
might
have
the
same
effect
against
them
after
his
decease
.
Not
long
before
this
there
was
such
a
terrible
Earthquake
at
Lar
in
Persia
as
overthrew
Five
Hundred
Houses
.
XXV
.
Very
great
Snows
fell
in
Germany
in
the
year
1428
,
and
a
mighty
Earthquake
happened
in
Italy
:
The
Winter
was
wonderful
cold
,
especially
in
all
the
Northern
Countreys
;
after
this
the
Danes
spoil
Thirty
Ships
of
great
value
which
belonged
to
the
Vandals
and
Hambnrgers
,
the
Turks
take
Thessalonica
from
the
Venetians
;
The
English
lose
much
in
France
.
In
1439
a
Comet
of
a
mighty
magnitude
is
seen
in
Poland
;
Swarms
of
Bees
in
England
go
in
progress
,
a
great
Earthquake
happened
in
Hungaria
.
Soon
after
an
Universal
Pestilence
rageth
throughout
the
whole
world
;
Albertus
the
Emperor
dyeth
,
and
likewise
the
King
of
Bohemia
:
The
Marshal
of
France
is
burnt
for
Sorcery
and
Witchcraft
;
Amurath
the
Great
Turk
wasts
Hungary
,
but
is
at
last
expelled
by
Corvinus
Huniades
;
The
French
are
twice
beaten
by
the
English
in
Normandy
;
The
Polanders
wast
Silesia
.
In
1450
another
great
Comet
appeared
,
Amurath
Emperor
of
the
Turks
dies
at
the
siege
of
Croia
:
Scanderbeg
the
great
overcometh
Mustapha
his
Competitor
.
XXVI
.
In
the
month
of
June
1456
appeared
two
Comets
,
and
the
same
year
,
August
24
there
happened
most
tempestuous
winds
in
Tuscany
,
such
as
never
had
been
before
heard
of
,
which
wrought
most
marvellous
and
memorable
effects
,
for
an
hour
before
day
,
there
arose
from
the
Sea
toward
Ancona
a
great
and
dark
cloud
crossing
Italy
,
and
entring
the
Sea
toward
Pisa
stretching
two
Miles
in
compass
;
This
storm
was
furiously
carryed
either
by
natural
or
supernatural
force
,
and
seemed
divided
into
many
parts
,
as
it
were
fighting
among
themselves
,
and
of
those
broken
clouds
,
some
were
hoised
up
toward
Heaven
,
some
violently
cast
down
,
and
others
with
wonderful
speed
were
turned
round
,
but
always
before
these
Clouds
,
came
a
Wind
,
with
Lightnings
and
flashings
of
fire
,
such
as
cannot
be
exprest
,
of
these
broken
and
confused
Clouds
,
and
of
those
furious
Winds
and
great
Flames
,
there
grew
so
strange
a
noise
as
moved
the
People
to
greater
fear
than
any
Earthquake
or
Thunder
ever
had
done
,
insomuch
that
every
man
thought
the
World
was
ended
,
and
that
the
Earth
,
the
Water
,
and
the
Heavens
would
have
returned
to
its
first
Chaos
and
Confusion
,
this
fearful
storm
wheresoever
it
passed
wrought
marvellous
and
wonderful
offects
,
but
the
most
remarkable
of
all
,
happened
about
the
Castle
of
St.
Cassiano
;
This
Castle
is
built
upon
a
Hill
,
which
parteth
the
vales
of
Pisa
and
Greive
,
8
Miles
distant
from
Florence
;
Betwixt
this
Castle
and
the
Town
of
St.
Andrea
built
upon
the
same
Hill
,
this
furious
Tempest
passed
,
not
coming
to
St.
Andrea
,
but
at
St.
Cassiano
threw
down
divers
Turrets
and
Chimnies
,
and
near
to
it
subverted
whole
houses
even
to
the
ground
,
and
carried
away
the
roofs
of
the
Churches
of
St.
Martino
a
Bagnolo
,
St.
Maria
della
pace
,
whole
,
bearing
them
from
thence
unbroken
above
a
Mile
,
one
man
a
Carrier
was
taken
up
,
and
in
the
Valley
near
the
Highway
both
he
and
his
Mules
were
found
dead
:
Also
all
the
greatest
Oaks
,
and
●strongest
Trees
which
would
not
bend
at
the
fury
of
the
Tempest
,
were
not
only
blown
down
,
but
violently
carryed
from
the
places
where
they
grew
.
The
next
day
after
this
horrible
tempest
,
when
some
of
the
Inhabitants
,
who
fled
for
fear
thereof
,
returned
,
they
were
strangely
astonished
,
for
they
found
the
Countrey
desolate
,
and
laid
wast
,
the
houses
and
temples
overthrown
,
the
people
lamenting
at
the
sight
of
their
houses
being
blown
down
,
and
under
them
their
Goods
,
their
Cattel
,
and
their
Parents
slain
,
which
occasioned
wonderful
compassion
in
the
beholders
and
hearers
thereof
,
by
this
means
it
pleased
God
rather
to
threaten
than
punish
Tuscany
,
for
if
so
great
a
Tempest
had
fallen
upon
any
City
full
of
Houses
,
as
it
fell
upon
these
Oaks
and
Trees
,
and
small
Houses
one
far
from
another
,
without
all
doubt
the
destruction
would
have
been
greater
then
the
mind
of
man
could
have
conceived
;
But
it
pleased
God
by
that
small
example
to
revive
in
mens
minds
the
memory
of
his
power
.
The
same
year
there
perished
about
Pivel
and
Naples
forty
thousand
People
by
an
Earthquake
;
Mahomet
the
Great
Turk
is
beaten
from
the
siege
of
Belgrade
by
Hunniades
,
who
soon
after
dyes
;
Ladislaus
King
of
P●land
and
Alphonsus
King
of
Naples
both
dye
.
Matchiavil
Hist.
Florence
Lib.
6.
XXVII
.
In
1460.
a
most
terrible
Comet
appeared
to
fight
;
This
year
King
Henry
VI.
of
England
is
made
Prisoner
at
Northampton
:
The
Civil
Wars
in
France
begin
;
Charles
VII
.
King
of
France
and
Adolphus
Duke
of
Holsatia
both
dye
;
Cra●ovia
a
great
City
in
Poland
is
destroyed
●●ith
Fire
and
Sword
:
Mahomet
II.
Emperor
of
the
Tarks
after
many
victories
,
cruelly
kills
David
the
Emperor
of
Trapezund
and
his
two
sons
:
the
Duke
of
York
is
slain
at
the
battle
of
Wakefield
in
Yorkshire
.
In
1477
a
Blazing
Star
of
the
colour
of
the
Star
Saturn
appeared
:
there
ensued
a
most
terrible
Plague
:
The
Helvetians
kill'd
seventeen
thousand
French
,
and
Charles
Duke
of
Burgundy
:
The
Turks
wast
Carinthia
,
and
the
Tarta●●
,
Pod●lia
.
In
1484
happened
a
wonderful
deep
Snow
in
Germany
,
and
fiery
darts
were
seen
in
the
Sky
,
the
Sun
was
likewise
much
Eclipsed
.
In
England
three
Suns
appeared
about
this
time
,
and
in
Poland
there
was
seen
(
saith
my
Author
)
an
Image
of
Christ
Crucified
with
a
Sword
in
his
hand
,
passing
along
the
Air
from
West
to
South
for
two
hours
together
:
The
English
invade
Scotland
but
are
repulsed
;
The
Venetians
make
war
against
the
Turks
:
The
quarrel
continueth
in
Germany
about
the
Archbishoprick
of
Mentz
;
A
Rebellion
was
raised
in
France
against
the
Queen
for
the
Princes
death
.
In
1470
Hail
of
wonderful
greatness
fell
at
Rome
,
the
stones
whereof
weighed
eight
ounces
,
in
Germany
Hail-stones
fell
as
big
as
Goose
eggs
;
Soon
after
the
Turks
take
Sabotz
in
Hungary
,
and
wast
Germany
:
The
King
of
Sicily
with
the
Venetians
fight
against
them
,
and
spovl
Leshos
and
Pergamus
.
XXVIII
.
In
the
Year
1478
the
Sun
is
darkened
without
an
Eclipse
,
swarms
of
Grashoppers
are
seen
in
Italy
;
A
Glorious
Star
is
seen
to
run
along
the
Firmament
;
Armies
are
observed
fighting
in
the
Air
in
Switzerland
;
After
this
the
Hungarians
defeat
the
Turks
,
and
take
Thirty
Thousand
Captives
from
them
;
The
Spanish
Inquisition
is
first
instituted
in
Castile
against
the
Mo●s
and
Jews
;
The
Transilvanians
overcome
the
Turks
;
About
this
time
King
Charles
VIII
,
of
France
marched
into
Italy
with
an
Army
for
the
Conquest
of
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
a
little
before
which
,
were
many
strange
Prodigies
,
whereby
divers
Persons
foresaw
,
and
foretold
,
that
there
would
be
greater
changes
,
and
more
horrible
accidents
than
in
many
years
before
had
happened
in
any
part
of
the
world
.
For
there
were
seen
in
the
night
at
Poville
in
Italy
three
Suns
in
the
midst
of
the
Firmament
,
and
many
Clouds
about
them
which
sent
forth
most
dreadful
Thunders
and
Lightnings
.
In
the
Territory
of
Aretzo
were
manifestly
seen
in
the
Air
infinite
numbers
of
armed
men
upon
mighty
Horses
with
a
terrible
noise
of
drums
and
Trumpets
;
The
Images
of
the
Saints
(
saith
my
Author
)
did
plainly
sweat
in
many
parts
of
Italy
;
In
several
places
divers
Monsters
were
brought
forth
,
both
of
women
,
and
other
Creatures
,
with
many
other
things
against
the
order
of
nature
,
which
happened
almost
all
at
one
time
in
divers
places
;
And
whilst
the
French
Army
was
in
the
City
of
Millain
,
there
happened
an
accident
of
no
less
wonder
than
fear
,
which
extreamly
astonished
the
Souldiers
,
as
if
the
Heavens
by
manifest
signs
had
forewarned
them
of
their
future
calamities
;
For
upon
St.
Peters
day
,
the
Sun
being
set
,
and
the
Air
and
Firmament
clear
,
there
fell
down
from
Heaven
a
Light
,
and
a
Fire
just
before
the
Gate
of
the
Castle
,
where
at
that
time
stood
many
barrels
of
Powder
,
which
were
brought
out
of
the
Castle
to
be
sent
to
other
Places
;
This
Flash
of
fire
seized
upon
the
Powder
,
with
an
horrible
noise
,
by
the
violence
whereof
the
fair
Tower
of
Marble
which
was
over
the
Gate
,
on
the
top
of
which
stood
a
stately
Clock
,
was
thrown
down
,
and
rased
from
the
very
Foundation
to
the
top
thereof
;
In
which
fury
the
Walls
and
Chambers
of
the
Castle
,
with
other
buildings
adjoyning
to
the
Tower
had
the
same
fate
;
Yea
in
one
instant
the
whole
body
of
the
Castle
,
and
the
whole
City
of
Milain
trembled
and
shook
with
the
fury
of
the
blow
,
which
carryed
into
the
Air
from
several
places
many
great
and
huge
stones
,
which
in
their
fall
hurt
and
slew
divers
Persons
;
And
as
in
a
common
calamity
a
multitude
have
a
share
,
so
it
fell
out
here
,
for
many
who
had
escaped
the
fall
of
the
stones
,
were
overwhelmed
by
the
ruines
of
the
Walls
,
under
which
they
were
smothered
and
pressed
to
death
;
with
these
ruins
the
Castle
green
was
so
overspread
and
covered
,
that
it
was
very
dreadful
to
behold
such
a
sudden
alteration
,
but
it
was
mighty
surprizing
even
to
the
most
couragious
to
see
stones
of
such
an
incredible
bigness
to
be
thrown
with
the
fury
of
the
fire
above
five
hundred
paces
from
the
place
;
This
happened
at
that
very
hour
,
wherein
people
of
all
sorts
were
walking
for
their
Recreation
upon
the
Castle
Green
,
whereby
there
were
slain
above
five
hundred
men
who
belonged
to
the
Castle
.
Guichardines
Hist.
Italy
.
Pag.
785.
XXIX
.
In
the
year
1492
a
great
Comet
is
visible
in
the
Heavens
,
Three
Suns
are
seen
in
Poland
,
another
Comet
appeared
for
two
Months
;
In
Rome
the
Sky
was
seen
to
be
on
fire
for
many
nights
together
;
These
were
succeeded
by
great
Inundations
and
Floods
in
England
;
The
English
go
against
the
French
,
the
Jews
are
expelled
Spain
.
A
Rebellion
at
Gaunt
in
Flanders
:
The
Hungarians
enter
Mysia
,
and
return
back
with
much
booty
;
A
rot
of
great
Potentates
;
Pope
Innocent
VIII
.
dyes
,
Alphonsus
King
of
Portugal
dyes
by
a
fall
from
his
Horse
;
Frederick
Emperor
of
Germany
and
Casimer
King
of
Poland
both
dye
;
A
great
part
of
Cracovia
is
burnt
.
In
1500
a
great
fiery
Dragon
,
and
of
a
monstrous
shape
is
seen
in
Savoy
;
A
Comet
of
wonderful
Magnitude
appears
for
18
days
in
Poland
,
an
Inundation
in
Germany
;
Soon
after
the
King
of
Sweden
,
and
the
Queen
of
Bohemia
dye
;
The
State
of
Millain
rebel
,
and
are
suddenly
subdued
again
;
Next
year
Prince
Arthur
Son
to
Henry
VIII
.
dyeth
,
and
the
Wife
of
King
Henry
VII
.
of
England
.
The
Turks
take
Modone
,
and
many
other
places
from
the
Venetians
,
and
destroy
abundance
of
them
,
together
with
divers
French
and
Spaniards
.
In
1506
there
appeared
two
Comets
,
the
first
on
April
11.
which
lasted
but
five
days
;
the
second
in
August
following
:
Alexander
King
of
Poland
dyes
,
together
with
the
King
of
Spain
,
and
Philip
the
son
of
Maximilian
the
Emperor
.
In
1509
there
was
a
great
and
terrible
Earthquake
in
Constantinople
,
and
the
Countreys
thereabout
,
by
the
violence
whereof
a
great
part
of
the
Walls
of
that
City
,
with
many
stately
buildings
both
publick
and
private
were
quite
overthrown
,
and
thirteen
thousand
People
overwhelmed
,
and
destroyed
therewith
;
The
terror
thereof
was
so
great
,
that
Bajazet
the
Emperor
himself
,
and
the
People
generally
forsook
their
houses
,
and
lay
abroad
in
the
Fields
:
It
continued
for
a
Month
together
with
very
little
intermission
,
after
which
ensued
a
great
Plague
whereby
that
City
was
almost
made
desolate
,
there
dying
above
an
hundred
and
threescore
thousand
people
,
Turkish
Hist
.
Pag.
476.
XXX
.
The
next
year
1510
,
there
happened
a
Prodigy
which
is
very
strange
to
relate
,
for
in
this
year
(
saith
my
Author
)
there
fell
Twelve
Hundred
Stones
from
Heaven
,
some
weighing
threescore
pound
,
others
more
?
Nay
it
is
affirmed
,
some
of
them
weighed
an
Hundred
and
Twenty
Pound
,
which
if
true
,
serves
for
a
good
Argument
to
prove
that
some
other
Stars
or
Planets
may
be
habitable
besides
the
Earth
;
At
this
time
the
Lubeckers
wast
Denmark
,
King
Henry
8.
goeth
into
France
,
and
besiegeth
Turwiu
;
Bajazet
the
Great
Turk
is
poysoned
:
The
Spaniards
take
Tripoly
,
and
make
war
in
Navar
:
The
Lubeckers
worst
the
Danes
at
Sea
,
the
Switzers
invade
France
,
and
do
much
mischief
there
.
In
1512
there
appeared
a
great
Comet
in
Leo
:
Pope
Julius
2.
and
John
King
of
Sweedland
dye
.
James
4.
King
of
Scotland
is
slain
at
Flodden
Field
:
The
King
of
Poland
being
at
war
with
the
Emperor
of
Muscovia
,
kills
forty
thousand
of
his
men
in
a
pitcht
battle
.
In
1521
three
Suns
with
a
Rainbow
were
seen
at
Vienna
in
Germany
,
and
suddenly
after
a
great
burning
Torch
was
visible
in
the
Heavens
which
continued
a
Month
;
A
Circle
and
Cross
appears
with
the
Moon
,
and
a
burning
Pillar
is
seen
in
Germany
:
Soon
after
the
Venetians
aid
the
Hungarians
against
the
Turks
:
The
French
lose
Millain
;
The
English
and
French
quarrel
;
The
Emperor
invades
Picardy
in
France
:
King
-
Henry
8.
writes
against
the
Pope
.
Christian
King
of
Denmark
is
expelled
his
Kingdom
.
In
1530
a
Blazing
Star
of
wonderful
greatness
appeared
,
and
was
visible
through
all
Europe
.
This
year
four
hundred
and
four
Parishes
were
drowned
by
a
great
Inundation
of
the
Sea
in
Holland
,
with
all
their
People
and
Cattel
,
the
Turks
take
Buda
in
Hungary
,
the
Great
Cardinal
Woolsey
dyes
,
the
English
Clergy
are
fined
,
and
pay
to
the
King
an
Hundred
Thousand
pound
for
divers
misdemeanours
,
the
next
year
about
Fourteen
Hundred
Houses
were
overthrown
by
an
Earthquake
at
Lisbon
in
Portugal
,
and
about
six
Hundred
more
so
extreamly
shattered
,
that
they
were
ready
to
fall
,
and
many
of
the
Churches
were
thrown
to
the
ground
.
In
1533
a
very
great
Comet
was
visible
in
the
Heavens
,
this
year
Pope
Clement
7
dyes
:
Alphonsus
Duke
of
Ferrara
,
and
the
Duke
of
Millain
dye
,
strange
factions
and
seditions
are
raised
about
Religion
in
Hungary
;
A
great
Plague
at
Noremburg
in
Germany
.
In
1538
a
fiery
Comet
appeared
in
the
Sign
Pisces
,
with
a
long
tail
;
Charles
Duke
of
Gelderland
dyeth
;
This
year
was
made
famous
for
divers
things
;
For
then
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
imbraced
the
Gospel
;
The
Emperor
and
,
King
of
France
met
together
to
treat
of
Peace
,
the
Bible
was
Printed
in
English
at
Paris
,
the
Overseer
of
which
work
was
Bishop
Bonner
;
The
University
of
Strasburg
was
erected
:
The
Sect
of
the
Antinomians
was
detected
;
The
Duke
of
Brandenburg
imbraced
the
Augustan
Confession
;
The
Sea
upon
the
Coasts
of
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
was
wholly
dry
for
eight
Miles
together
,
out
of
which
Fire
and
Ashes
broke
forth
so
abundantly
that
many
places
were
miserably
destroyed
thereby
.
This
year
Alexander
Medices
who
was
made
by
the
Pope
Duke
of
Florence
,
was
Marryed
to
Margaret
Daughter
of
the
Emperor
Charles
5.
the
Nuptials
were
celebrated
with
great
Pomp
,
and
Military
Revels
,
at
which
time
a
great
part
of
the
body
of
the
Sun
was
darkened
,
whilst
they
were
at
the
Feast
,
which
much
astonished
the
Guests
,
and
the
very
next
year
after
,
this
Alexander
was
murthered
by
his
Kinsman
Lorenzo
Medices
,
who
was
always
very
great
with
him
,
and
privy
to
all
his
debaucheries
.
Strada
Wars
Low-Countries
.
XXXI
.
In
1539
a
bloody
Star
and
Cross
were
seen
flying
in
the
Air
:
Armed
men
,
swords
and
funerals
were
visible
in
the
Heavens
in
Germany
,
there
likewise
appeared
a
Blazing
Star
:
This
year
John
Duke
of
Cleve
dyeth
,
a
great
fire
happened
in
Constantinople
,
which
burnt
the
Jayl
,
and
consumed
seven
hundred
Prisoners
therein
;
John
King
of
Hungary
dyes
,
the
Irish
invade
the
English
;
and
are
beaten
,
George
Duke
of
Saxony
dyes
;
The
People
of
Gaunt
in
Flanders
mutiny
,
and
behead
their
Magistrates
;
Isabella
Empress
of
Germany
dyeth
,
and
shortly
after
Katherine
Queen
of
England
is
beheaded
by
King
Henry
8.
In
1545
a
Comet
appeared
in
the
West
,
in
colour
like
blood
;
Lodowick
Prince
Elector
dyes
,
Martin
Luther
dyes
,
and
the
next
year
a
war
in
Germany
breaks
out
.
A
bloody
French
Massacre
was
now
perpetrated
:
King
Henry
8.
of
England
,
and
Francis
1.
King
of
France
both
dye
:
The
Earl
of
Surrey
is
this
year
beheaded
in
England
.
In
1548
November
6
there
was
a
great
chasme
,
or
opening
in
the
Heavens
,
and
in
some
places
fire
fell
to
the
Earth
,
and
flew
up
into
the
Air
again
:
This
Jasper
Crucifiger
saw
,
and
thereupon
much
bewailed
the
great
Commotions
and
Divisions
in
the
Church
,
which
he
foresaw
by
this
Prodigy
,
and
accordingly
it
came
to
pass
.
In
1550
it
rained
Corn
from
Heaven
in
Carinthia
;
Three
Suns
were
seen
in
England
an
Earthquake
and
Globes
of
fire
were
visible
in
the
Elements
,
Armies
of
men
appeared
in
the
Air
in
Saxony
:
The
Sun
seemed
to
cleave
asunder
,
after
this
followed
great
troubles
in
Antwerp
,
and
the
sweating
sickness
in
England
.
The
French
make
war
with
the
Emperor
,
the
Duke
of
Somerset
in
England
is
beheaded
,
the
Queen
of
Sweden
dyes
,
the
Turkish
Pyrates
carry
six
thousand
Christians
into
Captivity
,
out
of
the
Isle
of
Gaul
near
Malta
:
The
next
year
a
very
great
multitude
of
Men
and
Cattle
were
drowned
by
a
terrible
Tempest
,
the
Clouds
suddenly
dissolving
,
and
the
waters
pouring
down
with
such
a
stupendious
violence
,
that
the
strong
and
massy
Walls
of
many
Cities
,
with
divers
Vineyards
,
and
fair
Houses
were
destroyed
thereby
.
XXXII
.
That
may
be
looked
upon
as
a
Prodigy
in
the
highest
degree
,
(
saith
Mr.
John
Gadbury
)
which
my
worthy
friend
Captain
George
Wharton
in
his
Ephemeris
for
the
year
1655
hath
transcribed
from
one
Tackius
a
German
Doctor
of
Physick
,
who
likewise
takes
it
out
of
one
Casper
;
That
in
the
year
1554
not
far
from
the
City
of
Harmsted
in
Transilvania
,
there
were
observed
in
fair
and
legible
Characters
to
be
read
in
the
Heavens
the
following
Letters
.
I.
N.
R.
I.
M.
D.
L.
V.
I.
I.
A.
R.
E.
I.
N.
E.
N.
D.
E.
D.
I.
S.
E.
S.
R.
E.
I.
C.
H.
S.
Nay
that
Author
further
affirmeth
,
that
at
Friburg
in
Germany
the
same
year
,
on
a
very
fair
day
,
Dominum
nostrum
Jesum
Christum
Iridi
insidentem
conspectum
fuisse
;
Our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
was
beheld
sitting
upon
a
Rainbow
,
as
if
upon
his
Tribunal
,
to
denounce
the
Vniversal
Judgment
.
In
1558
there
was
seen
a
Blazing
Star
in
Spain
,
at
first
somewhat
dim
,
at
which
time
Charles
the
5th
.
Emperor
and
King
of
Spain
sickned
,
but
as
his
disease
increased
,
so
it
grew
in
bigness
,
at
last
shooting
its
fiery
streams
point
blank
against
the
Monastery
where
he
lay
,
in
the
very
hour
the
Emperor
dyed
the
Comet
vanished
;
The
same
year
in
the
Month
of
August
,
a
Comet
in
the
form
of
a
spit
appeared
,
of
a
pale
envious
colour
,
denoting
a
more
then
ordinary
mortality
of
great
Potentates
;
Queen
Mary
of
Hungary
and
Bohemia
,
and
Queen
Mary
of
England
both
dye
:
Christian
the
2.
King
of
Denmark
dyes
in
Prison
,
after
26
years
imprisonment
:
Henry
2.
King
of
France
is
slain
by
running
at
Tilt
;
Pope
Paul
4.
dyes
,
and
likewise
the
Dukes
of
Venice
and
Ferrara
,
with
fifteen
Cardinals
,
besides
many
other
Princes
.
In
1562
an
Earthquake
happened
in
Constantinople
;
Clashing
of
Weapons
in
the
Elements
,
and
armed
men
seen
there
;
Much
Thunder
was
heard
in
England
,
and
five
Suns
seen
in
Holland
;
After
this
the
English
take
many
Towns
in
France
;
There
was
a
great
Plague
in
England
,
the
Muscovites
invade
Leiseland
,
and
the
Danes
and
Lubeckers
,
Sweden
,
the
Polanders
beat
the
Livonians
;
Nine
Thousand
men
were
slain
at
Dreux
in
Normandy
,
and
among
them
the
King
of
Navar
;
The
same
year
December
19.
Mr.
John
Calvin
lying
in
his
bed
sick
of
the
Gout
,
it
being
Sunday
,
and
the
North
Wind
having
blown
strongly
for
two
days
together
,
some
Friends
coming
to
visit
him
,
he
said
unto
them
;
Truly
I
know
not
what
is
the
matter
,
but
I
thought
that
the
last
night
I
heard
warlike
Drums
beating
very
loud
,
and
I
could
not
perswade
my self
but
it
was
so
;
Let
us
go
to
Prayers
,
for
surely
some
great
business
is
at
hand
.
And
indeed
this
very
day
there
was
a
great
Battle
fought
between
the
Papists
and
Protestants
not
far
from
Paris
in
France
,
news
whereof
came
to
Geneva
a
few
dayes
after
.
Clarks
Examp.
2
Part
,
Pag.
564.
XXXIII
.
In
1568
were
many
Locusts
in
France
;
The
Heavens
seem
all
on
fire
in
Hungary
.
In
England
,
when
the
true
Moon
was
under
the
Earth
,
there
appears
a
Moon
,
and
a
Cross
with
a
refulgent
Star
at
the
top
thereof
.
Soon
after
the
Third
Civil
War
in
France
began
,
the
King
of
Sweden
is
deposed
and
imprisoned
;
The
Prince
of
Conde
is
taken
and
shot
to
death
with
a
Pistol
;
The
Earls
of
Northumberland
and
Westmorland
rebel
against
Queen
Elizabeth
;
Selymus
Emperor
of
the
Turks
invadeth
Cyprus
;
The
Polanders
and
Danes
fight
at
Sea
.
About
this
time
the
Duke
of
Alva
came
first
into
the
Low-Countreys
,
and
the
future
calamities
of
his
Government
,
were
presaged
by
a
boy
born
at
Leige
,
with
two
heads
,
four
legs
,
and
as
many
hands
,
the
terror
whereof
was
increased
by
a
fire
happening
immediately
after
in
the
City
of
Mechlin
,
by
a
spark
falling
amongst
Gunpowder
,
which
took
hold
of
threescore
Barrels
,
and
caused
such
an
horrid
Thunder
and
Earthquake
,
that
in
most
of
the
Cities
of
Flanders
the
Men
and
Houses
trembled
at
the
dreadful
noise
;
Not
long
after
when
the
Prince
of
Orange
brought
an
Army
against
the
Duke
,
in
the
behalf
of
the
Protestants
,
there
were
seen
in
divers
places
on
a
clear
night
two
Armies
in
Battalia
,
brandishing
their
glittering
Pikes
,
as
if
they
were
ready
for
a
charge
;
The
next
year
a
Comet
appears
at
the
setting
of
the
Sun
,
near
the
Planet
Jupiter
;
Then
followed
a
Famine
in
Austria
,
Sweden
,
Bohemia
,
Bavaria
,
Rustia
,
Lithuania
,
Joachimus
2.
Elector
of
Brandenburg
dyes
,
and
a
little
after
Four
Hundred
Thousand
People
are
drowned
in
Flanders
and
Holland
besides
Cattel
.
In
1572
there
appeared
a
Comet
or
New
Star
in
Cassiopeia
,
which
continued
Sixteen
Months
.
Soon
after
which
Charles
9.
King
of
France
,
who
was
the
Author
of
the
bloody
Massacre
in
France
,
dyed
of
extraordinary
bleeding
,
which
issued
from
divers
parts
of
his
body
,
cursing
and
swearing
in
a
most
dreadful
manner
,
saith
Mr.
Camden
in
his
History
of
Queen
Elizabeth
.
Sigismund
King
of
Poland
likewise
dyeth
;
The
Duke
of
Norfolk
in
England
is
beheaded
;
A
great
Rebellion
in
Ireland
.
XXXIV
.
In
1577
Another
Blazing
Star
of
great
magnitude
appeared
;
Sebastian
King
of
Portugal
dyed
the
next
year
of
two
wounds
which
he
received
in
his
head
in
his
expedition
for
Africa
.
In
1579
a
fiery
Dragon
,
and
great
Troops
of
Ravens
flew
through
the
Air
in
Germany
;
A
mighty
Tempest
happened
in
Bohemia
,
and
an
Earthquake
in
Holland
;
Armies
are
seen
in
the
Heavens
at
Antwerp
;
Two
armed
men
are
visible
in
the
Air
in
Gelderland
;
That
which
followed
was
,
the
Polanders
take
Livonia
and
Polotia
from
the
Moscovite
;
The
Popish
Clergy
are
expelled
out
of
the
City
of
Antwerp
by
the
People
;
The
Emperor
forbids
the
Protestant
Religion
at
Aken
;
In
1585
a
Comet
appeared
for
many
weeks
together
,
and
the
next
year
it
rained
Locusts
in
Thracia
,
and
Ducks
and
Geese
in
Croatia
,
as
Leonclavius
testifies
,
who
was
an
eye-witness
thereof
;
The
Locusts
fell
in
such
multitudes
that
they
devoured
all
the
Countrey
,
and
on
the
contrary
,
the
Geese
and
Ducks
fed
and
nourished
many
;
Cluverius
Hist.
World
.
Soon
after
Osman
Emperor
of
the
Turks
,
and
Stephen
King
of
Poland
both
dye
.
In
1593
there
was
another
terrible
Earthquake
at
Lar
in
Persia
,
which
overthrew
Three
Thousand
Houses
,
crushing
to
death
above
Three
Thousand
Persons
in
their
Ruins
:
yea
the
Castle
though
built
upon
the
top
of
a
solid
Rock
,
groaned
in
the
like
affrighting
downfall
;
Herberts
Travels
.
In
1598
Feb.
25
which
was
a
little
before
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
went
into
Ireland
,
the
Sun
being
almost
totally
Eclipsed
,
it
was
so
dark
for
the
time
that
the
like
had
never
been
seen
in
the
Memory
of
Man
.
XXXV
.
In
the
year
1602
,
there
was
an
Earthquake
in
England
,
a
very
great
Blazing
Star
appeared
;
Armies
of
men
were
seen
in
the
Air
in
France
;
and
warms
of
Grashoppers
are
visible
in
Germany
;
asster
this
the
Spaniards
invade
Ireland
,
but
are
beaten
thence
;
The
Swedes
in
vain
attempt
Livonia
;
The
Turks
loose
Alba
Regalis
,
and
therein
Threescore
Thousand
men
,
Queen
Elizabeth
of
England
dyeth
.
In
1607
another
Comet
appeared
;
There
were
great
Wars
between
the
Swedes
and
Danes
,
and
Charles
Duke
of
Lorrain
dyeth
.
In
1610
fiery
Darts
and
Lances
were
visible
in
the
Heavens
;
Four
Crosses
appeared
in
the
Air
at
once
in
Spain
;
where
likewise
happened
Thunder
,
and
a
very
great
Earthquake
;
Now
the
Danes
war
against
the
Swedes
:
The
Persians
invade
Babylon
,
and
kill
Twenty
Thousand
Turks
;
Henry
4.
●●ing
of
France
is
murdered
,
the
Polanders
overcome
the
Moscovites
,
and
Nine
Hundred
Thousand
Meors
are
banished
out
of
Spain
.
J.
G.
This
year
the
strong
City
of
Strignnium
in
Hungary
being
besieged
by
the
Turks
,
during
the
siege
there
appeared
a
dreadful
fiery
Meteor
in
the
Air
in
fashion
much
like
a
Rainbow
,
of
a
bloody
red
colour
,
which
arising
some
heigth
,
and
continuing
for
a
space
of
time
,
at
length
vanished
away
.
In
1611
three
Suns
were
seen
in
the
Firmament
over
Vienna
in
Germany
and
three
years
after
,
the
Heavens
over
the
same
Town
grew
so
red
,
and
soon
after
so
fearfully
dark
on
a
sudden
,
that
the
Inhabitants
were
much
amazed
,
apprehending
either
the
last
day
was
come
,
or
that
there
would
follow
some
horrible
effusion
of
blood
.
In
1616
,
about
the
same
time
,
which
was
not
many
years
before
Frederick
Prince
Elector
Palatine
was
chosen
King
of
Bobemia
,
about
the
midst
of
October
,
there
appeared
in
the
Firmament
over
the
City
of
Prague
,
a
Crown
which
gave
a
very
great
Light
,
and
about
it
Armies
of
men
fighting
,
as
if
it
were
who
should
have
it
;
divers
Mocksuns
were
seen
in
the
West
of
England
;
An
Inundation
happened
in
Holland
:
The
Shape
of
an
Elephant
appeared
in
the
Air
in
Germany
;
A
Lyon
was
heard
,
(
as
my
Author
saith
)
to
roar
in
the
Air
,
the
Venetians
at
this
time
make
war
with
Ferdinand
of
Austria
;
The
Hollanders
beat
the
Spaniard
in
the
South
Sea
;
The
Tartars
invade
Podolia
,
burning
four
Cities
,
and
four
hundred
Villages
,
carrying
with
them
thence
much
booty
.
J.
Gad.
of
Comets
.
XXXVI
.
In
1618
a
mighty
Blazing
Comet
appeared
in
the
Heavens
,
it
was
first
seen
Novemb.
18.
and
continued
till
the
Decemb.
16.
following
,
taking
its
compass
over
most
parts
of
the
known
world
in
twenty
eight
days
time
,
and
sometimes
extending
its
Blazing
Locks
forty
five
degrees
in
length
;
Towards
its
Declination
December
11
it
passed
over
London
,
and
so
more
Northwards
,
even
as
far
as
the
Orcades
in
Scotland
;
What
miserable
effects
of
war
,
ruin
and
devastation
followed
thereupon
over
all
Europe
,
(
especially
to
Germany
,
of
which
I
shall
give
a
more
particular
account
hereafter
)
was
obvious
to
all
men
;
There
likewise
was
seen
this
year
in
the
night
over
Constantinople
a
Comet
in
the
form
of
a
crooked
sword
of
a
vast
bigness
,
at
the
first
appearance
it
was
somewhat
whitish
,
but
the
higher
it
rose
the
redder
it
was
,
even
like
unto
bloud
;
There
were
also
strange
sights
seen
in
other
places
,
inundations
of
Rivers
,
and
the
Ocean
,
Earthquakes
,
monstrous
births
,
waters
turned
into
blood
,
unusual
and
impetuous
Winds
and
Tempests
which
overthrew
several
Towers
,
and
tore
up
many
Trees
by
the
Roots
;
Pleurs
a
Town
in
Rhetia
near
Switzerland
was
overwhelmed
by
an
Earthquake
,
a
great
Hill
falling
suddenly
upon
the
City
,
and
destroyed
Fifteen
Hundred
Persons
.
This
year
the
Emperor
Matthias
,
and
soon
after
his
Empress
,
together
with
Anne
Q.
of
England
dye
;
J.
Gad.
of
Prodigies
.
XXXVII
.
Mr.
Knowls
in
his
Turkish
History
Page
1348
relates
,
that
in
the
year
1620
there
was
a
strange
Apparition
or
Vision
seen
by
the
Turks
at
Medina
,
where
there
Prophet
Mahomet
lyes
buried
,
which
continued
three
weeks
together
,
and
exceedingly
terrified
the
whole
Countrey
;
and
it
was
this
.
About
September
20
there
fell
a
very
great
Tempest
about
midnight
,
attended
with
dreadful
Thunder
,
but
when
the
Clouds
were
dispersed
,
and
the
Element
clear
,
the
People
might
read
in
Arabick
Characters
these
words
in
the
Firmament
,
O
why
will
ye
believe
in
Lyes
,
and
between
two
and
three
a
Clock
in
the
Morning
there
appeared
a
Woman
in
white
compassed
about
with
the
Sun
,
having
a
cheerful
countenance
,
and
a
Book
in
her
hand
,
and
over
against
her
were
Armies
of
Turks
,
Persians
,
Arabians
,
and
other
Mahometans
,
in
battel
array
ready
to
fight
with
her
,
but
she
keeping
her
Station
,
only
opened
the
book
,
at
the
sight
whereof
the
Armies
fled
away
,
and
presently
all
the
Lamps
about
Mahomets
Tomb
were
put
out
;
For
as
soon
as
the
Vision
vanished
,
which
was
commonly
an
hour
before
Sun-rising
,
a
murmuring
wind
was
heard
,
unto
which
they
imputed
the
extinguishing
of
the
Lamps
.
The
antient
Pilgrims
of
Mahomets
race
(
who
after
they
had
visited
this
place
never
use
to
cut
their
Hair
)
were
much
amazed
,
because
they
could
not
concieve
the
meaning
of
this
Vision
,
only
one
of
the
Dervices
or
Priests
(
which
is
a
strict
Religious
Order
among
the
Turks
like
the
Capuchins
among
the
Papists
,
and
live
in
Contemplation
)
stepped
up
very
boldly
,
and
made
the
following
Speech
to
the
Company
,
That
the
World
had
never
but
Three
true
Religions
,
every
one
of
which
had
a
Prophet
;
First
God
chose
the
Jews
,
and
did
wonders
for
them
in
Egypt
,
and
brought
them
forth
by
their
Prophet
Moses
,
who
prescribed
them
a
Law
,
wherein
he
would
have
maintained
them
,
if
they
had
not
been
obstinate
and
rebellious
,
and
fallen
to
Idolatry
,
whereupon
he
gave
them
over
,
and
scattered
them
upon
the
face
of
the
Earth
;
Then
presently
after
God
raised
a
new
Prophet
,
who
taught
the
Christian
Religion
:
This
good
man
the
Jews
condemned
,
and
Crucified
for
a
Seducer
of
the
People
,
being
not
moved
with
the
piety
of
his
Life
,
his
great
miracles
,
nor
his
Doctrine
:
yet
after
his
death
,
the
preaching
of
a
few
Fishermen
did
so
move
the
hearts
of
men
,
that
the
Great
Monarchs
of
the
world
bowed
to
his
very
Title
,
and
yielded
to
the
commands
of
his
Ministers
;
But
it
seems
they
in
process
of
time
grew
as
corrupt
as
the
Jews
,
their
Church
being
disjointed
with
the
Title
of
Eastern
,
and
Western
,
committing
Idolatry
again
by
setting
up
Images
,
with
many
other
idle
Ceremonies
,
besides
the
corruption
of
their
Lives
,
so
that
God
was
weary
of
them
too
,
and
not
only
sent
divisions
among
them
,
but
forsook
them
,
and
dispossest
them
of
their
chiefest
Cities
,
Jerusalem
and
Constantinople
;
Yet
God
is
still
the
Governour
of
the
world
,
and
himself
hath
raised
up
another
Prophet
and
People
,
even
our
great
Mahomet
,
giving
way
to
our
Nation
,
so
as
no
doubt
we
shall
be
happy
for
ever
,
if
we
can
serve
this
God
aright
,
and
take
warning
by
the
fall
of
others
;
But
alas
!
I
tremble
to
speak
it
,
we
have
erred
in
every
point
,
and
wilfully
broke
our
first
Institutions
,
so
that
God
hath
manifested
his
wrath
by
evident
Signs
and
Tokens
,
keeping
our
Prophet
from
us
who
prefixed
a
time
to
return
with
all
happiness
to
his
People
,
so
as
there
are
now
forty
years
past
by
our
account
;
wherefore
this
strange
and
fearful
vision
is
a
prediction
of
some
great
Troubles
and
Alterations
;
For
either
the
opening
of
the
Book
in
the
womans
hand
doth
foretell
our
falling
off
from
the
first
intent
of
our
Law
,
whereat
these
armed
men
departed
,
as
confounded
with
the
guilt
of
their
own
Consciences
;
Or
else
it
signifies
some
other
book
wherein
we
have
not
yet
read
,
and
against
which
no
power
shall
prevail
:
So
that
I
fear
our
Religion
will
be
proved
corrupt
,
and
our
Prophet
an
Impostor
,
and
then
this
Christ
whom
they
talk
of
,
shall
shine
like
the
Sun
,
and
set
up
his
Name
everlastingly
;
Hitherto
the
Company
was
silent
,
but
hearing
him
speak
so
boldly
,
they
were
much
incensed
against
him
,
charging
him
with
Blasphemy
,
which
their
Law
makes
a
Capital
Crime
;
whereupon
they
presently
condemned
him
,
and
having
obtained
the
Beglerbegs
consent
and
warrant
,
they
put
him
to
death
;
The
Truth
of
this
Relation
was
confirmed
by
Isuf
Chaous
a
converted
Turk
,
who
came
to
London
about
the
year
1656
which
vision
,
he
said
,
did
much
affect
him
,
but
he
added
,
that
the
grand
Seignior
commanded
none
should
speak
of
it
upon
pain
of
death
.
In
the
year
1625
June
29
,
there
began
a
most
terrible
Tempest
in
Constantinople
,
with
such
violent
and
continual
Thunder
and
Lightning
,
that
all
the
City
appeared
as
if
it
had
been
on
fire
,
at
the
end
whereof
fell
such
a
storm
of
Hail
that
it
brake
the
Tiles
and
Glasses
,
so
that
stones
were
taken
up
weighing
an
hundred
and
fifty
drams
,
the
next
morning
others
were
weighed
that
were
about
7
or
8
ounces
apiece
,
wherewith
many
were
very
much
wounded
;
and
July
3
after
,
there
happened
another
Tempest
of
Thunder
and
Lightning
,
which
burnt
a
Woman
and
a
Child
,
and
slew
much
Cattel
in
the
Fields
.
Turkish
.
Hist
.
Pag.
1452.
XXXVIII
.
And
now
I
shall
relate
the
Desolations
and
miseries
of
Germany
,
with
the
wonderful
signs
foregoing
,
as
I
find
them
recorded
in
credible
Authors
.
The
dreadful
Blazing
Comet
which
appeared
in
1618
aforementioned
,
seemed
to
be
a
fore-runner
thereof
;
It
was
seen
often
in
a
clear
Sky
in
the
East
;
In
Bohemia
and
Austria
it
appeared
at
first
with
red
,
in
other
places
with
a
Saturnine
pale-red
colour
for
the
space
of
twenty
seven
dayes
,
and
in
some
places
longer
;
And
it
seemed
here
to
be
compleatly
effected
what
has
been
usually
said
,
that
never
did
a
Comet
appear
which
was
not
accompanied
with
much
evil
and
misery
,
and
Claudian
the
Poet
writ
thus
concerning
them
,
—
Bella
canunt
ignes
,
subitosque
tumult
is
&c.
They
shew
fierce
Wars
,
Fire
,
Sword
,
and
s●dden
broyls
,
And
by
Domestick
Plots
,
surprizing
T●ils
,
Vncivil
Civil
Jars
,
and
homebred
Flames
They
signifie
;
And
Lu●●n
the
Heathen
Poet
expresses
the
Prodig●es
before
the
Civil
Wars
of
Rome
in
this
manner
.
—
Superique
minaces
Prodig●●s
T●●●as
implerant
,
Aethera
,
Pontum
,
&c.
—
T●e
threat●ing
Gods
〈…〉
and
Earth
,
and
Sea
with
Prodigits
,
Vn●●●
of
Star●
of
night
ad●rn
the
Skies
,
H●aven
●●ems
to
flame
,
and
through
the
welkin
fire
〈◊〉
●lyes
;
State
changing
Comets
dire
〈…〉
to
us
their
blood-portending
hair
,
Deceitful
Lightnings
fla●h
in
clearest
Air
;
Stra●ge
formed
Meteors
the
thick
Air
had
bred
Like
fa●●l●is
long
;
like
lamps
more
broadly
spread
;
Lightning
wit●out
one
clap
of
Thunder
brings
From
〈…〉
North
his
winged
fires
,
and
flings
Them●g●●●st
our
Capitol
;
Small
Stars
that
use
Only
be
night
their
Lusire
to
dissuse
,
Now
s●ine
in
midst
of
day
.
&c.
—
Such
Civil
Wars
it
seems
were
never
without
strange
Prodigies
,
and
no
man
can
be
ignorant
of
the
miserable
condition
of
Germany
about
this
time
,
nor
think
thereof
but
with
a
sorrowful
heart
;
and
as
the
beginning
of
their
miseries
were
threatned
by
this
terrible
Comet
,
so
their
continuance
was
still
presignified
by
many
strange
things
that
happened
out
of
the
common
course
of
nature
,
which
I
shall
endeavour
to
declare
as
followeth
;
In
December
1619
the
water
which
runs
through
Sixto
a
City
in
Hungaria
,
(
where
a
mighty
battle
was
fought
between
the
Turks
and
Christians
in
1583
)
was
turned
into
blood
,
and
the
●ce
therein
was
likewise
blood-red
;
Two
years
after
which
Bethlem
Gabor
routed
the
whole
Army
of
the
Imperialists
in
or
near
that
place
,
killing
above
Two
Thousand
of
them
in
the
Field
;
In
the
same
Year
and
Month
Decemb.
19.
1619
at
Groningen
in
Brunswick
appeared
another
great
Blazing
Star
,
and
two
Armies
one
in
the
East
,
and
another
in
the
North
,
fighting
in
the
Heavens
,
till
the
Northern
Army
seemed
to
be
slain
and
defeated
;
Not
long
after
a
dreadful
battle
was
fought
within
a
few
Leagues
of
this
place
betwixt
the
King
of
Denmark
,
and
the
Imperial
General
Tilly
,
in
which
the
King
lost
the
Field
with
Four
Thousand
of
his
Army
who
were
slain
and
taken
Prisoners
;
And
at
another
place
not
far
off
about
the
same
time
▪
Five
Hundred
men
were
slain
,
and
in
the
City
of
Munden
in
the
same
Dukedom
,
Two
Thousand
Five
Hundred
Citizens
and
Souldiers
were
miserably
slain
by
the
Imperialists
;
In
the
same
year
1619
,
at
Vienna
in
Austria
,
the
water
in
the
ditch
appeared
like
blood
for
the
space
of
8
days
,
likewise
three
Rainbows
were
visible
at
once
;
And
that
very
year
in
the
same
place
and
City
a
bloody
fight
happened
between
the
Bohemians
,
and
the
Imperial
General
Bucqu●y
,
wherein
four
thousand
five
hundred
of
the
Imperialists
were
slain
,
and
about
a
thousand
Bohemians
,
and
very
many
wounded
.
In
1620
it
rained
blood
in
Poland
so
abundantly
,
that
the
drops
fell
very
fast
from
the
tops
of
the
houses
;
Soon
after
the
Tartars
with
an
Army
of
Forty
Thousand
men
invaded
Poland
,
exercising
incredible
Cruelty
,
killing
in
one
place
above
Three
Thousand
Polanders
;
The
same
year
likewise
,
the
Turks
with
Ninety
Thousand
men
fell
into
Walstady
,
where
they
had
a
bloody
encounter
with
Twelve
Thousand
Poles
,
led
by
the
great
Chancellor
of
the
Kingdom
,
who
himself
with
the
whole
Polish
Army
were
slain
,
very
few
or
none
of
them
escaping
.
XXXIX
.
In
March
1621
two
Armies
were
seen
in
the
Air
at
Noon-day
in
Austria
,
fiercely
fighting
together
,
with
great
Thundering
like
Ordnance
and
Canon
,
and
the
next
year
at
Lintz
in
the
same
Countrey
,
just
over
that
City
,
two
Swords
were
observed
standing
against
each
other
,
and
two
stout
Armies
fighting
a
pitcht
battle
to
the
great
terror
of
the
Inhabitants
;
This
City
of
Lintz
was
afterward
besieged
,
and
many
times
assaulted
by
the
Boors
of
Aus●●ia
,
but
were
beaten
off
with
the
loss
of
five
hundred
men
;
yet
being
many
Thousands
,
they
defeated
some
Imperial
forces
under
the
Duke
of
H●●●●i●
;
which
was
afterward
re●●●●●
by
Count
Pap●●●●im
,
who
with
an
Army
of
six
〈◊〉
Horse
and
Foot
fell
upon
them
,
killing
〈…〉
on
the
place
,
and
taking
many
〈◊〉
,
who
were
afterward
executed
in
the
City
of
〈◊〉
;
In
162●
Three
S●●●
,
and
three
Rainbows
were
〈◊〉
at
Pr●g●●
and
H●●d●lburg
in
Germany
;
After
〈…〉
happened
near
the
City
of
Pra●●●
,
between
the
〈◊〉
and
the
Saxons
,
where
〈◊〉
Hundred
●●●●ts
,
and
almost
every
man
else
,
were
●ut
〈…〉
by
the
Sax●●s
before
the
Gates
;
The
●●ry
of
〈◊〉
was
the
same
year
besieged
,
〈…〉
length
taken
by
the
Imperialists
with
great
slaughter
of
the
Inhabitants
,
and
another
small
Town
cal●●d
W●●kermund
about
3
Miles
off
,
was
at
the
same
time
surro●●ly
assaulted
by
the
Imperialists
,
whe●rin
the
Garrison
,
making
some
resistance
,
all
the
Inhabitants
both
Men.
Women
and
Children
were
put
to
the
Sword
.
Some
years
after
the
City
of
Prague
was
bes●eged
by
the
Saxons
and
Swedes
,
who
for
3
days
briskly
fired
upon
the
Town
with
their
Canon
,
and
were
answered
in
the
same
manner
with
great
loss
on
both
sides
,
Nine
Thousand
Saxons
and
Swed●s
be●ng
slain
,
and
the
Imperial
Garrison
within
,
consisting
of
Fourteen
Hundred
men
,
Six
Hundred
of
them
were
slain
.
The
same
year
1622
in
the
Countrey
of
Darmistadt
Trees
were
found
whose
leaves
dropt
blood
;
and
that
very
year
many
bloody
Encounters
happened
between
the
Imperialists
and
Duke
Christian
of
Brunswick
in
that
Countrey
,
but
especially
one
between
him
and
Count
Tilly
,
whose
Army
consisting
of
Twenty
Two
Thousand
Foot
,
and
140
Troops
of
Horse
,
fought
six
hours
together
,
till
the
〈◊〉
overpowring
them
with
number
,
dispersed
them
,
who
flying
to
the
Bridge
,
so
thronged
and
w●●ged
in
one
another
,
that
a
great
many
were
thrust
into
the
River
Main
,
wherein
there
were
as
many
drowned
as
were
killed
in
the
Battle
;
The
same
year
there
was
an
Earthquake
in
Italy
,
and
many
Prodigious
Lightnings
and
Rains
in
France
;
Circles
were
seen
about
the
Sun
and
Moon
in
England
;
At
this
time
the
Jesuits
and
Papists
were
expelled
the
Netherlands
,
The
Duke
of
Brunswick
lost
his
Arm
in
battle
;
There
was
a
great
Famine
in
M●ravia
and
Silesia
;
The
City
of
Bergen
in
Norway
was
almost
consumed
by
fire
.
July
16.
1622
in
the
Dukedom
of
Wittenbarg
it
rained
blood
on
the
hands
and
cloaths
of
the
labouring
men
,
and
likewise
upon
Trees
,
stones
,
and
other
places
in
the
Fields
;
in
these
parts
at
the
bloody
battle
of
Norlingen
,
many
thousands
were
slain
on
both
sides
,
Commanders
,
and
others
of
all
sorts
.
XL.
In
1623
in
the
County
of
Podibrat
in
Bohemia
,
a
Well
for
some
days
was
turned
into
blood
;
At
Tursin
a
Town
three
or
four
Miles
from
Egra
,
in
a
Citizens
house
,
the
Table
,
the
Walls
of
the
Parlour
,
and
the
Chairs
all
sweated
blood
,
so
that
it
began
to
run
along
the
Room
;
Several
bloody
encounters
happened
the
next
,
and
other
years
in
those
places
,
Four
Thousand
Bo●●●ians
,
and
Three
Hundred
Imperialists
being
there
slain
,
five
Troops
of
the
Duke
of
Saxony's
Horse
were
●illed
by
the
Imperialists
,
few
escaping
,
and
the
D●●●●
of
Fridland
Generalissimo
of
the
Imperialists
,
with
〈◊〉
other
●hief
Commanders
were
soon
after
killed
a●
Egra
;
This
year
in
divers
Towns
and
Villages
near
the
R●ine
,
several
bloody
signs
and
tokens
were
seen
,
and
about
that
time
Two
Thousand
Imp●●ialists
were
there
slain
by
Count
Mansfield
,
the
wayes
by
the
Rhine
being
strowed
with
their
dead
bodies
,
and
the
next
year
in
another
battle
with
Count
Tilly
,
Five
Thousand
were
slain
upon
the
place
;
about
Mayenfield
and
M●lantz
,
the
●●●k●●s
,
and
the
hands
of
the
Labourers
as
they
were
mowing
in
the
Fields
were
seen
to
be
bloody
,
and
soon
after
the
Spaniards
exercised
great
cruelty
in
those
parts
,
the
Inhabitants
being
miserably
Massacred
without
respect
to
Age
,
Sex
or
Quality
,
and
among
other
Cruelties
it
is
remarkable
,
that
the
Spanish
and
Imperial
Army
coming
from
the
Rhine
passed
by
the
City
of
Gall
,
where
the
Papists
to
secure
themselves
from
being
plundered
,
marked
their
houses
with
the
sign
of
the
Cross
,
but
they
were
the
first
who
felt
the
effects
of
their
Insolency
,
being
wofully
pillaged
,
and
murdered
without
distinction
;
Men
and
Women
in
Religious
Orders
being
forced
out
of
their
Monasteries
,
and
an
Agent
was
sent
to
them
from
the
States
of
the
Province
,
who
threw
them
down
from
the
top
of
an
high
Rock
,
and
so
they
were
dasht
to
pieces
.
XLI
.
In
December
,
1624
,
in
Bohemia
the
Sun
for
10
or
12
hours
was
changed
into
divers
colours
,
at
length
fiery
Beams
proceeded
from
it
,
and
for
some
time
seemed
to
oppose
the
Sun
,
till
all
vanished
like
Smoak
in
the
Air
,
and
at
last
descended
with
a
noise
like
Rockets
;
Two
dayes
before
two
Armies
were
seen
in
the
Air
,
who
continued
a
great
fight
and
skirmish
for
some
time
against
each
other
;
The
following
years
many
bloody
skirmishes
and
sights
happened
in
those
Countreys
,
particularly
the
siege
of
Frankford
upon
the
Borders
of
Silesia
,
which
the
King
of
Sweden
took
by
storm
,
and
Two
Thousand
Imperialists
were
killed
on
the
place
,
besides
others
who
were
drowned
,
found
dead
in
Cellars
,
Chambers
,
and
other
places
,
who
amounted
to
near
as
many
more
;
Not
far
off
,
300
Swedish
Souldiers
being
over-confident
of
their
valour
,
were
put
to
the
Sword
by
the
Croats
,
and
300
Imperialists
were
killed
soon
after
by
the
King
of
Sweden
not
far
from
thence
,
with
the
loss
of
600
of
his
own
;
In
May
,
1624
,
at
Gierslet
in
the
Dukedom
of
An●ait
,
a
strange
Prodigy
appeared
in
the
Heavens
,
which
continued
from
6
till
8
a
Clock
at
Night
,
and
was
observed
by
the
Inhabitants
of
that
Town
in
this
manner
;
First
,
an
antient
man
came
out
of
the
Clouds
in
a
red
Hungarian
habit
,
after
him
some
grave
men
in
the
like
habit
,
then
issued
out
a
Chariot
with
two
Horses
of
divers
colours
,
and
then
another
Chariot
with
four
Armed
Horses
;
Soon
after
an
infinite
number
of
People
,
like
a
swarm
of
Bees
issued
out
of
the
Clouds
in
the
same
Hungarian
habit
,
with
hats
and
great
Feathers
on
their
heads
;
After
them
followed
a
man
on
horseback
,
in
a
great
long
Robe
,
putting
the
people
before
him
;
Next
appeared
a
Comet
like
an
Eagle
,
with
his
head
hanging
down
;
A
quarter
of
an
hour
after
came
forth
another
Army
,
consisting
of
many
Horse
,
Foot
,
and
Chariots
,
having
hoods
with
broad
brims
,
and
Feathers
;
In
the
midst
of
the
Army
appeared
a
man
alone
,
drawing
a
long
Red
Cross
,
before
which
he
made
some
Prayers
with
hands
held
up
;
These
Forces
the
first
Army
presently
routed
,
and
defeated
;
All
the
rest
marching
to
Asherleben
,
&c.
at
last
vanished
away
in
several
Red
Clouds
.
Not
long
after
Three
Thousand
of
Mansfields
men
,
and
a
Thousand
of
the
Imperialists
were
slain
at
this
place
;
The
day
before
it
rained
blood
at
Weinsham
in
Bohemia
,
and
two
Armies
appeared
in
the
Sky
skirmishing
together
;
It
likewise
rained
blood
at
Friburg
in
Silesia
,
and
two
Armies
also
appeared
in
the
Heavens
fighting
for
a
long
time
together
;
Soon
after
the
Duke
of
Freidland
sending
Colonel
Pechman
with
Seven
Thousand
Horsemen
and
Dragoons
to
pursue
the
Danish
and
Weinmari●h
Troops
,
there
began
a
hot
skirmish
between
them
,
where
at
last
most
of
the
Danish
Forces
were
killed
,
and
ten
Companies
of
them
taken
Prisoners
,
and
Pechman
himself
with
divers
other
Officers
were
slain
.
The
same
year
May
8.
a
strange
Tempest
happened
at
Ratisbone
,
for
it
being
calm
,
and
only
a
small
rain
,
two
dark
Clouds
on
a
sudden
met
together
,
and
instantly
a
Wind
mingled
with
Fire
proceeded
from
thence
,
which
immediately
raised
a
mighty
Tempest
,
which
tore
up
Trees
by
the
Roots
in
a
Wood
near
the
City
,
carrying
them
afar
off
;
and
thence
extending
it self
to
the
City
,
in
a
short
time
it
overturned
above
Two
Hundred
Houses
in
the
Town
and
Suburbs
,
neither
was
a
Chimney
left
standing
,
the
Windows
of
the
Church
of
the
Emerans
was
much
shattered
,
one
of
the
Steeples
laid
flat
on
the
ground
,
and
the
other
was
broke
off
in
the
middle
;
Two
other
Principal
Steeples
,
and
a
Cloyster
were
likewise
blown
down
;
This
was
supposed
to
be
raised
by
some
damned
Sorcerer
,
who
by
the
assistance
of
the
Prince
of
the
Air
,
had
caused
this
mischief
.
The
Instrument
of
this
desolation
was
limited
both
to
time
,
place
,
and
persons
;
the
time
was
not
above
a
quarter
of
an
hour
;
the
Herricane
(
if
we
may
so
call
it
)
did
not
foread
beyond
the
City
,
only
ren●ing
up
some
few
Trees
,
and
killed
4
men
;
some
years
after
,
this
City
of
Rati●bone
was
straightly
besieged
,
and
assaulted
by
the
Imperial
and
Bavarian
Army
,
consisting
of
Thirty
Thousand
Foot
,
and
Fifteen
Thousand
Horse
,
being
battered
night
and
day
with
an
Hundred
Pieces
of
Ordnance
,
but
were
valiantly
repulsed
by
the
Swedish
Garrison
,
with
the
slaughter
of
Four
Thousand
Imperialists
in
the
last
assault
;
they
defending
the
place
to
admiration
,
the
Imperialists
confessing
they
lost
Eight
Thousand
men
upon
the
place
,
and
Six
Thousand
who
ran
away
;
They
made
Fifteen
Thousand
Canon
shot
upon
the
Town
,
and
cast
above
Two
Thousand
Granadoes
into
it
,
endured
Four
Hundred
Sixty
Five
Sallies
from
within
the
City
,
and
at
last
they
surrendred
it
to
the
Imperialists
upon
Honourable
Terms
.
XLII
.
In
the
year
1625
near
Troppaw
in
Sil●sia
a
great
multitude
of
little
Crows
or
Jackdaws
appeared
in
the
Air
,
who
fought
as
it
were
in
a
set
Battle
,
and
skirmished
so
eagerly
that
abundance
of
them
were
slain
,
and
the
Boors
gathered
some
sacks
full
of
dead
ones
,
which
they
brought
into
the
City
.
The
year
after
the
Weinmar●h
Forces
killed
Four
Thousand
Imperialists
near
this
Town
,
and
a
while
after
in
another
battle
the
Saxons
killed
Five
Thousand
more
of
the
Imperialists
.
In
February
the
same
year
,
in
divers
places
in
Silesia
were
exceeding
great
Tempests
accompanied
with
Thunder
and
Lightning
;
At
Breslau
the
spires
of
two
Chief
Churches
,
the
Foundation
of
the
Statehouse
,
and
many
other
curious
buildings
were
overturned
into
the
Town
,
great
Trees
,
and
a
new
strong
built
Bridge
were
torn
up
,
and
driven
to
divers
places
,
so
that
the
next
day
nothing
of
them
remained
;
At
Nissa
another
City
,
the
chief
Church
was
struck
with
a
terrible
Thunder-clap
,
and
the
Steeple
thereby
battered
to
the
very
ground
work
;
Not
long
after
at
Breslau
the
Moon
appeared
bigger
than
ordinary
,
and
four
great
Ordnance
or
Canon
were
visible
in
the
Air
,
to
the
great
terror
of
the
Inhabitants
,
which
afterward
seemed
to
be
shot
off
,
with
incessant
Thunders
and
Volleys
against
each
other
;
Soon
after
the
Swedes
and
Saxons
beat
the
Imperialists
near
this
City
,
Twelve
Hundred
of
them
being
slain
;
May
3.
1627
,
a
Circle
appeared
about
the
Sun
at
H●mborough
,
and
in
the
edge
thereof
five
other
Suns
were
visible
,
with
a
Rainbow
between
them
;
Afterwards
two
other
Suns
with
another
part
of
a
Rainbow
were
seen
,
one
of
them
extending
toward
the
West
,
the
other
toward
the
South
,
at
last
all
vanished
in
a
burning
smoak
.
Some
Miles
from
this
City
soon
after
,
the
Imperialists
●●t
in
pieces
300
Danes
,
and
took
three
Thousand
of
their
Horsemen
who
stuck
in
the
Moorish
places
Prisoners
;
Another
Conflict
likewise
happened
,
between
Hamborough
and
Sto●d
about
this
time
,
where
a
Sweedish
Regiment
of
〈◊〉
,
and
four
Companies
of
Monroes
were
all
killed
by
Papenheim
,
19
Colours
,
and
some
Captains
and
Officers
being
taken
Prisoners
;
This
year
a
great
Beam
was
visible
in
the
Air
in
France
;
An
Earthquake
happened
in
England
;
Now
the
Polanders
recover
many
places
from
the
Tartars
;
The
Persians
beat
the
Turks
;
The
English
take
the
Isle
of
Rhee
,
and
lose
it
again
.
The
Hollander
beats
the
Spaniard
in
the
Indies
.
Jo.
Gad.
of
Prodigis
.
XLIII
.
The
year
1628
was
full
of
portentous
Prodigies
,
which
were
seen
in
many
places
;
at
Sunderburg
in
Pomerania
,
the
Heavens
being
open
,
an
Army
appeared
coming
from
the
North
,
in
the
Van
were
Muskets
and
Pioneers
,
after
whom
followed
Canons
and
Ordnance
,
the
Rere
was
brought
up
by
Horsemen
;
Another
Army
came
forth
on
the
other
side
against
them
,
where
began
a
hot
fiery
skirmish
between
them
,
but
the
victory
inclined
to
the
Northern
Army
,
at
last
a
Beam
with
fiery
Rayes
hovered
over
the
head
of
the
Northern
Conqueror
,
which
continued
thus
prodigiously
for
many
hours
;
A
great
Astronomer
of
the
English
Nation
gave
his
Judgment
upon
the
great
Conjunction
of
Saturn
and
Jupiter
.
July
18.
1623
to
this
purpose
,
that
the
effects
thereof
would
be
felt
in
the
North
,
and
North-East
parts
of
Europe
in
particular
;
and
in
general
,
that
it
would
produce
Wars
,
Famines
,
Plagues
,
&c.
over
all
;
and
the
places
subject
thereunto
he
nameth
,
that
is
Italy
,
France
:
Bohemia
,
Silesia
and
Germany
;
Of
Provinces
he
likewise
nameth
,
Prussia
,
Brandenburg
,
Stiria
,
Hassia
and
Saxony
;
Yea
he
descendeth
to
Cities
,
naming
,
Rome
,
Prague
,
Magdenburg
,
Coblentz
,
Ulme
,
Brunswick
,
Ausburg
;
He
sayes
likewise
it
will
go
hard
with
the
Roman
Empire
,
Clergy
,
and
Jesuits
;
He
speaks
of
a
King
of
a
true
Religion
,
who
should
do
all
this
,
and
that
much
happiness
should
succeed
.
How
this
Observation
was
verified
,
was
visible
to
all
;
For
in
the
year
1630
Gustavus
Adolphus
King
of
Sweden
having
conquered
many
Towns
from
the
King
of
Poland
both
in
Prussia
and
Livonia
,
came
with
an
Army
of
about
Twelve
Thousand
men
out
of
a
Northern
Corner
of
the
World
,
and
landed
first
in
Pomerania
,
not
far
from
Sunderburg
,
where
the
aforesaid
Prodigy
was
seen
,
from
whence
he
first
beat
out
the
whole
Imperial
Army
,
and
never
returned
without
the
Olive
Branches
of
Victory
,
so
that
it
will
be
judged
rather
Romance
then
true
History
in
Ages
to
come
to
relate
these
German
Conquests
of
his
.
For
how
can
it
be
easily
believed
,
that
two
thirds
of
Germany
should
in
about
two
years
space
be
wrested
from
so
puissant
an
Emperour
,
formidable
for
his
greatness
,
and
confident
upon
the
power
of
his
Colleagues
and
Upholders
,
vast
in
extent
,
terrible
for
its
Armies
and
Commanders
,
beyond
expectation
succesful
in
all
its
Enterprizes
,
and
which
knew
no
bounds
but
the
Alpes
and
the
Ocean
;
And
yet
that
this
Empire
with
its
Forces
and
Garrisons
,
which
held
so
many
Princes
at
a
bay
,
was
at
last
it self
constrained
to
take
the
Sweedish
Yoak
,
which
was
put
upon
it
by
him
who
entred
into
it
with
only
Eleven
or
Twelve
Thousand
men
,
and
performed
it
all
in
two
years
and
an
half
;
This
I
say
is
truly
admirable
,
and
if
he
had
gone
on
another
year
what
might
he
not
have
performed
.
In
this
year
1628
,
March
11.
at
Bishein
a
Village
near
Strasburg
a
poor
woman
was
delivered
of
a
strange
Monster
,
which
was
,
two
Females
,
whose
Bodies
were
joined
together
about
the
middle
,
their
hands
,
feet
and
heads
being
perfect
and
whole
,
but
there
was
only
seen
in
them
one
Heart
,
and
one
Lungs
;
This
Prodigy
might
presage
the
great
mischiefs
,
dammages
,
depredations
,
and
vast
impositions
which
usually
accompany
the
Wars
,
and
the
unruly
Souldiers
,
and
fell
very
severely
upon
the
Inhabitants
in
and
about
Strasburg
;
Strange
was
that
Thunder-clap
which
happened
at
Brig
in
Silesia
the
same
year
,
wherein
the
immediate
power
of
God
appeared
;
About
Noon
May
29
,
1628
a
Thunderbolt
fell
upon
one
of
the
Churches
of
that
Town
,
broke
down
the
door
,
and
slew
a
poor
woman
in
the
Porch
as
she
was
praying
,
wounding
in
its
passage
many
other
Women
and
Children
;
After
this
it
went
to
another
Church
in
the
Suburbs
,
where
the
Minister
was
reading
,
doing
him
no
more
harm
,
but
only
singing
the
hair
of
his
head
,
neither
were
the
People
hurt
thereby
,
who
at
the
same
instant
fell
down
flat
with
their
faces
on
the
ground
;
October
13
,
the
same
year
a
terrible
Thunder
fell
upon
the
Church
at
Sagan
,
another
Town
in
Silesia
,
from
whence
it
burst
out
of
a
Window
,
attended
with
such
Wind
,
Rain
,
Hail
,
and
Tempest
,
that
it
tore
up
the
Trees
by
the
very
Roots
,
blasted
the
Herbs
and
Fruit
trees
,
and
so
harrassed
the
Countrey
for
a
League
about
,
that
the
damage
was
very
considerable
;
After
the
Thunder
and
Tempest
,
there
appeared
just
over
the
Church
fiery
beams
like
a
sword
and
a
rod
,
the
Bells
in
the
Steeple
began
to
sound
and
ring
without
the
help
of
man
,
and
3
miles
off
,
the
Heavens
for
the
space
of
an
hour
seemed
open
and
fiery
;
Not
long
after
a
terrible
fight
happened
between
this
Town
of
Sagan
and
Sternaw
,
both
in
Silesia
,
where
the
Swedes
and
Saxons
killed
about
two
thousand
Imperialists
,
and
not
far
thence
soon
after
two
thousand
more
were
slain
.
XLIV
.
In
1630
a
very
miraculous
thing
happened
at
Geismar
in
Hassia
,
two
souldiers
lying
for
safety
in
that
Town
,
one
of
them
complained
to
the
other
who
was
in
bed
with
him
,
that
he
was
very
cold
,
the
other
answered
,
he
could
not
believe
it
,
in
regard
that
his
own
body
was
very
hot
and
wet
,
intreating
him
to
touch
and
feel
his
side
;
which
when
he
had
done
,
finding
his
hands
exceeding
wet
,
and
as
it
were
glued
and
congealed
together
,
he
suspected
something
extraordinary
,
and
looking
on
his
hands
by
the
light
of
the
Moon
he
judged
them
to
be
bloody
,
whereat
being
much
terrified
,
he
called
for
a
Candle
,
and
found
his
fellow
souldier
very
weak
,
and
his
left
side
,
and
the
sheets
of
the
bed
to
be
bloody
,
and
endeavouring
to
wash
off
the
blood
from
his
side
,
presently
more
blood
issued
〈◊〉
;
at
length
after
the
space
of
an
hour
,
it
ceased
of
it self
,
About
three
handfuls
of
blood
were
taken
out
of
the
sheets
,
this
,
with
the
relation
of
other
circumstances
they
presented
in
the
morning
to
their
Commander
,
who
inquired
of
him
how
he
had
felt
himself
that
Night
;
the
souldier
answered
,
That
he
had
been
extream
ill
for
some
time
,
but
was
afterward
restored
to
his
former
health
;
The
two
next
years
after
this
Prodigy
,
this
goodly
Countrey
of
Hassia
was
miserably
harrassed
by
several
Armies
,
and
the
Inhabitants
were
barbarously
and
inhumanely
treated
by
the
Emperors
'
Army
,
and
if
the
Prince
or
his
poor
subjects
did
at
any
time
complain
and
petition
for
Justice
or
redress
,
they
were
only
scorned
and
rejected
for
their
labours
,
so
that
they
were
forced
to
endure
quarterings
,
taxpatiens
,
burnings
,
robberies
and
sacking
of
their
Towns
and
Villages
,
yea
the
slaughter
of
innumerable
innocent
Subjects
of
all
sorts
,
without
being
able
to
obtain
any
pity
or
compassion
from
their
enemies
;
The
same
year
1630
,
in
May
the
Noremberg
Carrier
,
and
several
Passengers
in
their
journey
toward
Hamborough
,
passing
by
the
Town
of
Coburg
at
night
,
they
observed
with
great
admiration
a
prodigious
fire
going
in
and
out
of
the
Town
,
and
heard
a
mighty
noise
like
the
discharging
of
Canons
;
Two
years
after
which
General
Wallestein
assaulted
this
Town
with
his
Souldiers
,
and
great
Guns
,
but
was
so
stoutly
entertained
by
those
within
,
that
after
the
loss
of
a
great
many
of
the
Imperialists
,
he
was
forced
(
though
he
had
besieged
it
above
Twenty
Months
)
to
break
up
his
siege
and
depart
.
XLV
.
In
May
1631
at
Hall
in
lower
Saxony
,
the
water
was
turned
into
blood
,
and
about
the
middle
of
this
Month
,
this
Town
was
taken
by
Tilly
,
and
afterward
retaken
from
him
by
their
natural
Lord
,
and
presently
again
repossessed
by
Tillies
Forces
;
and
he
himself
after
the
battle
of
Leipsick
made
his
escape
thither
that
night
,
and
had
his
wounds
dressed
by
the
Town
Barber
;
Whilst
Tilly's
Army
lay
in
the
Town
,
one
of
his
Chief
Officers
saw
blood
prodigiously
dropping
from
the
House
wherein
he
lay
,
whereupon
he
said
,
What
?
Must
we
bleed
?
will
the
King
of
Sweden
beat
us
?
That
's
impossible
;
But
it
happened
otherwise
,
for
Hall
was
not
above
7
Dutch
Miles
distant
from
the
place
of
battle
,
wherein
the
Imperial
Army
was
utterly
routed
,
and
miserably
destroyed
in
the
chase
,
and
if
the
King
had
but
had
3
hours
more
of
day-light
,
it
was
judged
that
hardly
a
Thousand
of
the
Enemy
had
escaped
,
one
of
their
own
Relations
affirming
,
that
there
were
Fifteen
Thousand
of
the
Imperialists
slain
upon
the
place
,
and
in
the
pursuit
that
night
,
and
the
day
following
;
It
s
said
Tilly's
couragious
heart
could
not
refrain
from
tears
,
when
he
perceived
such
woful
destruction
among
his
brave
old
Souldiers
,
his
Army
consisting
of
Forty
Four
Thousand
stout
men
being
usually
termed
I●vincible
.
The
next
day
the
King
besieged
Hall
,
which
was
yielded
to
him
and
soon
after
the
Castle
;
But
a
while
after
,
Pappenheim
and
the
Imperialists
again
retook
this
City
,
exercising
all
manner
of
Barbarism
upon
the
Inhabitants
;
This
year
likewise
in
the
time
of
the
siege
of
Magdeburg
,
a
City
Captains
Wife
dying
in
Child-bed
desired
to
be
ript
open
,
which
being
done
,
they
found
a
Boy
almost
as
big
as
one
of
3
years
old
,
who
had
an
head-piece
,
and
an
Iron
Breastplate
on
his
Body
,
great
boots
of
the
French
fashion
,
and
a
bag
by
his
side
with
two
things
therein
like
Musket
bullets
;
This
horrible
Prodigy
no
doubt
portended
the
deplorable
destruction
of
that
City
,
which
happened
May
10.
1631
,
when
a
general
assault
was
made
upon
the
Town
by
the
Imperialists
,
the
Walls
were
mounted
in
an
instant
,
the
Town
entred
,
and
the
Souldiers
fell
to
killing
;
At
the
same
instant
a
fire
,
none
knew
how
,
broke
out
,
and
it
being
a
very
windy
day
,
on
a
sudden
all
became
one
mighty
Flame
,
the
whole
Town
being
in
twelve
hours
time
turned
to
Cinders
,
(
except
some
few
Fisher-houses
)
six
Goodly
Churches
were
burnt
,
the
Cathedral
by
the
diligence
of
the
Monks
and
Souldiers
being
preserved
;
There
were
at
least
Twenty
Thousand
People
killed
,
burnt
and
smothered
,
beside
Six
Thousand
drowned
in
the
River
Elbe
;
Two
days
after
Tilly
came
into
the
Town
,
and
finding
some
Hundreds
of
Women
and
Children
in
the
great
Church
,
he
gives
them
their
lives
,
and
some
bread
to
maintain
them
.
XLVI
.
June
18.
1631
,
at
Asherleben
in
the
lower
Saxony
toward
Evening
two
strong
Armies
were
observed
in
the
Heavens
,
who
prepared
themselves
to
fight
,
one
came
out
of
the
North
,
and
the
other
out
of
the
South
,
after
a
long
fight
the
Northern
Army
obtained
the
victory
;
This
Prodigy
was
seen
two
days
in
a
cleer
Sky
for
the
space
of
an
hour
,
after
the
battle
,
a
Person
in
a
long
Garment
appeared
two
several
times
,
shooting
with
a
Bow
at
the
Leader
of
the
Southern
Army
;
The
very
next
Month
,
July
8.
happened
a
sharp
conflict
between
this
Town
and
Tangermond
,
where
the
●ing
of
Sweden
routed
Twenty
Companies
of
the
Imperialists
,
and
took
14
Ensigns
,
and
soon
after
1500
more
were
slain
;
These
slaughters
Count
Tilly
resolving
to
revenge
,
sets
forward
toward
the
King
with
twenty
six
thousand
men
,
and
fell
upon
him
in
his
Trenches
,
but
were
beaten
off
with
a
miserable
butchery
,
so
that
it
was
judged
Tilly
lost
in
the
whole
by
these
encounters
near
seven
thousand
men
.
In
this
year
1631
upon
the
fatal
seventh
of
September
,
in
the
bloody
battle
of
Leipswick
,
General
Tilly
himself
was
wounded
twice
or
thrice
with
Pistol
shot
,
and
his
whole
Army
routed
as
aforementioned
;
Upon
the
place
of
Battle
which
the
Enemy
had
left
for
the
King
of
Sweden
there
sate
a
flock
of
Birds
,
which
springing
up
,
at
the
King
's
coming
took
their
flight
directly
over
Tillies
Army
,
and
fetching
a
Circle
about
them
(
which
the
Romans
would
have
counted
a
happy
presage
)
they
turned
again
toward
the
Kings
Army
,
as
it
were
to
fetch
him
victory
;
But
the
King
had
a
better
presage
on
his
side
than
a
Flock
of
Birds
,
God
with
us
,
was
his
Watch-word
,
which
together
with
his
Valour
,
and
his
Sword
,
obtained
him
the
Victory
.
XLVII
.
In
1632
General
Tilly
received
another
shot
of
a
Musket
,
a
little
above
his
Knee
at
a
skirmish
between
the
King
of
Sweden
and
himself
,
whereof
he
dyed
April
20
,
after
having
4
splinters
cut
out
of
his
Thigh
;
A
few
years
before
that
long
,
cruel
,
and
bloody
battle
was
fought
at
Lutzen
,
the
water
of
the
Ditch
in
that
Town
was
turned
to
blood
,
which
Prodigy
seemed
accomplished
November
6
this
year
,
wherein
the
Swedes
after
nine
hours
continual
fighting
absolutely
overthrew
the
Imperial
Army
;
The
morning
wherein
this
great
battle
was
fought
was
very
misty
,
the
King
of
Sweden
had
a
Divine
to
pray
with
him
,
and
other
Ministers
at
the
head
of
every
Regiment
;
about
10
a
Clock
the
Fog
cleared
up
,
and
the
King
going
first
to
his
own
Subjects
,
spake
to
this
purpose
,
My
dear
Brethren
carry
your selves
bravely
this
day
,
fight
valiantly
in
Gods
Name
for
your
Religion
,
and
your
King
,
which
if
you
do
,
Gods
Blessing
,
and
the
Peoples
praises
shall
be
your
Reward
,
and
〈◊〉
shall
for
ever
retain
an
honourable
memorial
,
nor
will
I
forget
to
reward
you
Nobly
;
But
if
you
play
the
Cowards
.
I
here
take
God
to
witness
,
not
a
bone
of
you
shall
ever
return
again
to
Sweden
;
To
the
Germans
,
who
joyned
with
him
,
he
thus
expressed
himself
,
My
Brethren
,
Officers
,
and
Fellow-Souldiers
,
I
most
earnesily
intreat
and
beseech
you
to
make
full
Tryal
of
your
valour
this
one
day
,
fight
manfully
against
your
enemies
this
day
both
with
me
,
and
for
me
;
be
not
faint-hearted
in
the
battle
,
nor
upon
any
account
discouraged
,
set
me
before
your
eyes
,
even
me
,
who
without
the
least
fear
or
dread
,
am
ready
for
your
cause
to
adventure
both
Life
and
Bloud
;
if
you
do
this
,
no
doubt
God
himself
will
reward
you
from
Heaven
with
a
most
glorious
victory
,
of
which
your selves
and
your
posterity
shall
have
the
benefit
,
if
you
do
not
,
farewel
for
ever
to
your
Religion
,
and
your selves
must
for
ever
remain
in
slavery
.
The
Souldiers
of
both
Nations
answered
the
King
with
joyful
Acclamations
,
who
thereupon
added
;
Now
my
hearts
let
us
fall
bravely
on
our
enemies
,
and
the
God
of
Heaven
prosper
our
endeavours
;
and
so
casting
up
his
Eyes
to
Heaven
with
a
loud
voice
he
said
,
Jesus
,
vouchsafe
this
day
to
be
my
strong
helper
,
and
give
me
courage
to
fight
for
thy
glory
,
and
for
the
honour
of
thy
Name
.
Then
drawing
his
sword
,
he
waved
it
over
his
head
,
and
advanced
the
foremost
of
all
his
Army
;
Amongst
the
Kings
own
Guard
were
several
English
and
Scottish
Gentlemen
;
He
himself
was
attired
in
a
plain
Buff
Coat
,
without
Armour
,
and
being
required
to
put
on
his
Corslet
,
he
said
,
The
Lord
God
is
my
Armour
;
His
word
was
God
with
us
;
The
Imperialist
was
,
Jesus
Maria
,
The
King
said
,
I
thank
God
I
have
both
Wind
and
Sun
to
favour
me
.
The
Field
where
the
Battle
was
fought
was
a
plain
Champian
Countrey
,
but
yet
it
had
many
Ditches
,
which
served
Wallestein
the
Imperial
General
for
Breast-works
,
and
the
Kings
Horse
in
passing
over
them
were
some
of
them
overthrown
,
there
were
likewise
two
little
Hills
upon
which
Wallestein
had
planted
his
Great
Guns
,
and
his
Army
was
so
large
that
it
extended
2
Miles
in
length
,
the
Armies
coming
within
view
,
the
Canon
began
to
play
on
both
sides
,
but
those
of
the
Imperialists
being
planted
upon
steady
and
fixt
Batteries
,
did
very
great
Execution
;
Whereas
the
Kings
gave
fire
in
motion
,
which
he
observing
,
and
not
liking
the
sport
,
caused
his
Army
to
advance
upon
the
very
mouth
of
the
Canon
;
The
Imperialists
kept
their
ground
,
expecting
the
Swedes
fury
would
be
over
before
they
could
get
over
the
Ditches
,
and
beat
out
the
Musqueteers
;
yet
they
overcame
these
difficulties
,
and
their
left
Wing
engaged
with
Wallesteins
right
;
Then
the
Ring
advancing
with
his
right
Wing
,
and
observing
where
the
Croats
or
Crabats
stood
,
and
where
the
Curassiers
were
who
were
covered
with
black
Armour
from
head
to
foot
,
calling
Colonel
Stalbansh
to
him
he
said
,
As
for
those
Fellowes
the
Crabats
,
I
care
not
for
them
,
〈◊〉
charge
me
those
black
Fellows
soundly
,
for
they
are
the
men
that
will
undo
us
;
The
King
fought
at
the
head
of
his
Squadron
,
himself
being
foremost
with
his
Pistol
in
one
hand
,
and
his
Sword
in
the
other
,
and
thus
charging
upon
the
Curassiers
,
he
was
there
overlaid
with
numbers
,
insomuch
that
his
men
being
in
danger
to
be
incompassed
,
were
forced
to
give
ground
,
and
retire
towards
their
body
;
where
the
King
received
a
snot
in
his
Left
Arm
,
which
he
not
feeling
at
first
;
would
have
led
on
still
,
but
soon
after
perceiving
the
blood
to
issue
out
abundantly
,
and
that
part
of
his
bone
was
broken
,
he
called
to
Duke
Albert
of
Saxon
Lavoenburg
,
saying
,
Coren
I
am
sore
wounded
,
help
me
to
make
my
retreat
;
which
whilst
the
Duke
and
his
Assistants
were
about
to
do
,
an
Officer
of
the
Curassiers
who
too
well
knew
the
King
comes
up
,
and
said
.
This
is
the
right
Bird
,
and
so
discharging
his
Pistol
,
shot
him
through
the
body
,
and
himself
was
presently
shot
dead
upon
the
place
;
The
King
was
held
up
in
his
saddle
,
but
presently
fell
;
His
horse
also
was
shot
,
and
so
ran
away
without
his
Master
;
Just
at
this
time
fell
a
great
mist
,
the
Sun
which
before
shined
very
brightly
,
on
a
sudden
muffling
up
his
face
in
a
mourning
Cloud
,
as
if
not
able
to
look
upon
the
fall
of
the
King
of
Sweden
;
The
Imperialists
being
now
masters
of
the
Kings
Body
fell
to
stripping
it
,
one
getting
his
spurs
,
another
his
sword
,
another
his
Ring
,
and
another
his
Buff-coat
,
&c.
every
one
being
greedy
to
get
some
part
of
his
spoils
;
But
before
they
could
carry
away
his
Body
,
the
Swedes
returned
,
and
so
charged
their
Enemies
that
they
were
forced
to
retreat
,
whereupon
Stalhaush
recovering
his
Body
,
carryed
it
away
in
an
Ammunition
Waggon
privately
,
so
that
few
of
his
own
Army
knew
of
his
death
;
All
this
while
the
four
Swedish
Brigades
of
Foot
were
hotly
ingaged
,
and
got
ground
of
the
Imperialists
;
The
horse
likewise
after
an
hours
fight
drove
them
back
,
and
got
possession
of
seven
Pieces
of
their
Ordinance
;
but
by
this
time
the
mist
was
so
extreamly
thickned
by
the
smoak
that
the
Swedes
could
not
see
to
pursue
their
advantage
,
yet
it
pleased
God
to
strike
part
of
the
Imperial
Army
with
a
pannick
fear
,
that
above
a
thousand
German
Horse
ran
all
away
together
,
one
amongst
them
crying
out
;
Oh
I
know
the
King
of
Sweden
well
enough
,
he
is
best
at
the
latter
end
of
the
day
;
But
the
Chiefest
fright
was
amongst
the
Ladies
,
and
the
Captains
Wives
,
and
other
Women
in
the
Reer
of
the
Army
,
many
of
whom
getting
out
of
their
Coaches
,
cut
asunder
the
harness
,
and
mounted
stradling
upon
the
bare
Horses
backs
,
and
so
scudded
away
among
the
Souldiers
;
Several
Women
and
Children
were
there
trodden
to
death
,
nor
did
the
Horsemen
stay
till
they
had
fled
divers
Miles
;
But
in
the
heat
of
the
Battle
,
Count
Pappenheim
one
of
the
Imperial
Generals
who
was
before
sent
for
,
came
in
with
his
Horse
and
Dragoons
,
by
whose
coming
the
charge
was
again
renewed
,
but
just
as
he
was
ordering
his
Horse
he
was
shot
with
a
Falconet
Bullet
,
whereof
he
presently
dyed
;
His
Officers
flocking
about
him
cryed
out
,
O
our
General
is
slain
,
Our
General
is
slain
;
and
thereupon
turning
their
Horse-heads
,
they
ran
out
of
the
battle
without
a
stroke
striking
;
But
the
other
Imperialists
who
were
incouraged
by
his
coming
,
maintained
the
fight
with
admirable
resolution
,
yet
the
charge
was
sustained
by
the
Swedes
with
much
Gallantry
for
two
full
hours
,
wherein
the
greatest
loss
fell
upon
two
Brigades
of
old
Swedish
Souldiers
whom
the
King
did
much
rely
upon
,
for
these
old
Blades
stood
their
Ground
,
till
the
Earth
was
covered
with
their
bodies
,
yet
they
dyed
not
unrevenged
,
for
they
slew
many
of
the
Imperialists
.
and
amongst
them
divers
of
great
Quality
.
Duke
Bernard
was
very
severely
beset
by
the
right
Wing
of
the
Imperialists
that
day
,
but
no
man
ever
behaved
himself
more
gallantly
than
himself
,
charging
his
enemies
no
less
than
twelve
several
times
;
A
little
before
Sun-set
the
Mist
cleared
up
,
and
then
Duke
Bernard
took
a
survey
of
his
Army
,
which
he
could
not
do
since
he
heard
of
the
Kings
death
till
now
;
He
spake
chearfully
to
the
Officers
and
Souldiers
,
incouraging
them
to
a
new
engagement
,
and
though
he
found
the
most
part
of
his
Army
in
great
disorder
,
yet
with
much
pains
he
rallyed
them
for
a
new
onset
,
though
not
without
much
regret
in
the
Souldiers
one
saying
to
another
,
alas
Comerade
,
what
must
we
fall
on
again
;
The
other
replying
,
Come
,
if
we
must
,
let
us
do
it
bravely
,
and
make
a
day
of
it
.
The
hearts
of
the
Imperialists
quaked
for
fear
,
seeing
the
Swedes
advancing
in
such
good
order
against
them
;
and
thereupon
their
horse
began
to
retreat
,
which
the
Swedes
perceiving
,
they
charged
so
home
with
their
Great
Guns
,
as
put
them
into
great
confusion
;
But
then
again
so
great
a
mist
fell
,
that
the
Swedes
could
not
discern
to
pursue
their
Enemies
,
so
that
the
fight
was
only
maintained
about
the
Wind-mills
,
which
continued
with
much
briskness
till
six
a
Clock
at
night
,
when
the
Imperialists
gave
it
quite
over
;
This
cruel
and
bloody
Battle
lasted
above
nine
hours
,
and
then
Count
Wallestein
marched
away
toward
Leipswick
,
leaving
the
Field
and
Victory
to
the
Swedes
,
who
lodged
upon
the
ground
all
night
,
where
they
heard
the
lamentable
groaning
of
the
dying
and
wounded
on
both
sides
,
it
being
a
frosty
cold
night
,
wherein
many
a
gallant
man
dyed
of
his
wounds
,
who
probably
with
seasonable
help
might
have
recovered
.
The
next
morning
the
Swedes
found
the
Imperialists
had
left
all
their
Great
Guns
behind
them
,
there
were
slain
of
the
Swedes
Three
Thousand
,
and
of
the
Imperialists
about
Four
Thousand
upon
the
place
,
besides
which
the
Boors
killed
near
a
Thousand
more
of
them
who
fled
stragling
away
;
The
wounded
were
as
many
more
as
the
slain
,
on
the
Swedes
side
were
lost
the
King
himself
whose
death
can
never
be
sufficiently
lamented
,
his
enemies
themselves
giving
him
this
Honourable
Testimony
,
That
he
was
the
bravest
Enemy
,
and
the
best
Captain
that
ever
was
in
Christendom
,
so
that
the
Swedes
and
Protestants
found
themselves
to
have
gotten
but
a
doleful
,
and
a
woful
victory
,
losing
that
incomparable
Conqueror
,
who
was
alone
worth
many
hundreds
of
others
;
But
he
is
dead
,
and
was
as
heartily
bewailed
of
the
Germans
as
of
his
own
Subjects
,
who
yet
professed
,
That
their
loss
was
unspeakable
,
and
in
both
their
Chronicles
shall
his
honourable
memory
be
for
ever
famous
,
and
his
name
shall
live
in
their
mouths
in
after
Ages
;
Yet
did
not
this
glorious
King
dye
,
without
some
singular
and
miraculous
Prodigies
,
which
happened
about
that
time
in
his
own
Kingdom
of
Sweden
;
Amongst
others
,
at
the
very
same
hour
and
time
when
this
battle
of
Lutzen
was
fought
,
there
appeared
just
over
the
Castle
,
and
Royal
Palace
at
Stockholm
a
Virgin
or
Damsel
holding
in
one
hand
a
burning
Candle
,
and
in
the
other
a
white
handkerchief
which
she
waved
about
;
It
was
likewise
noted
and
observed
,
that
all
the
doors
in
the
Castle
though
they
were
shut
and
lockt
,
yet
they
three
several
times
opened
of
themselves
;
At
the
same
time
a
considerable
River
in
Sweden
was
suddenly
dryed
up
,
so
that
for
a
whole
day
any
one
might
go
over
it
dry
foot
;
Also
in
Smaland
a
Province
of
that
Kingdom
,
the
Bells
without
the
help
of
any
man
began
to
ring
,
and
sound
out
,
to
the
great
astonishment
of
the
Inhabitants
.
Several
other
brave
Swedish
Commanders
fell
with
their
King
,
and
many
great
men
of
the
Imperialists
;
General
Wallestein
at
first
intended
only
to
make
a
retreat
to
Leipswick
,
but
the
Imperial
Souldiers
as
soon
as
they
heard
the
Drums
beat
a
retreat
,
fell
immediately
to
running
,
and
the
fright
was
so
great
that
most
of
them
never
came
into
order
again
,
the
Chief
Officers
confest
,
That
if
the
Swedes
had
sent
but
one
Thousand
Horse
after
them
,
they
might
have
cut
off
their
whole
Army
.
The
King
of
Sweden
was
of
a
Majestick
Countenance
and
a
gallant
Stature
,
above
six
foot
high
,
of
a
strong
Judgment
,
natural
vigilancy
,
and
unweariedness
;
A
sudden
danger
seldom
astonished
his
Judgment
,
still
shewing
most
vigor
,
where
there
was
most
need
of
it
;
He
was
exceeding
temperate
in
his
Dyet
,
his
feeding
was
upon
strong
and
souldierly
Meats
;
But
that
which
was
most
commendable
in
him
was
his
Religion
,
both
Publick
and
Private
;
He
was
frequent
in
Prayers
and
Thanksgivings
upon
every
emergent
occasion
;
He
would
pray
a
Shipboard
,
on
Shoar
,
in
the
Field
,
in
the
midst
of
a
Battle
,
as
if
Prayers
alone
were
the
surest
piece
of
his
whole
Armour
;
He
was
a
strict
observer
of
Martial
Discipline
,
and
a
severe
punisher
of
Misdemeanours
in
his
Camp
;
when
he
first
came
into
Germany
,
he
saw
that
many
women
followed
his
Army
;
whereupon
coming
to
a
great
River
,
his
Men
and
Waggons
being
passed
over
,
he
caused
the
Bridge
to
be
broken
down
,
hoping
thereby
to
be
rid
of
his
lumber
,
but
they
on
a
sudden
making
a
terrible
shreik
,
the
Souldiers
on
the
other
side
vowed
not
to
stir
a
foot
till
the
women
were
fetched
over
;
whereupon
the
King
finding
that
this
ill
humour
was
so
generally
dispersed
amongst
his
men
,
that
it
was
dangerous
to
purge
it
all
at
once
,
smiled
out
his
anger
for
the
present
,
permitting
what
he
could
not
amend
,
yet
this
abuse
he
afterward
reformed
by
degrees
:
His
Army
won
the
day
though
they
lost
their
King
,
which
occasioned
one
to
compose
this
brief
Elegy
.
Vpon
this
place
the
Great
Gustavus
dyed
,
Whilst
victory
lay
bleeding
by
his
side
.
A
little
before
his
death
being
in
discourse
with
his
Chaplain
Dr.
Fabricius
,
he
said
,
That
he
thought
God
would
ere
long
take
him
away
,
because
the
People
did
so
overvalue
and
deify
him
;
At
his
first
coming
into
Germany
having
a
design
upon
Stetin
,
and
his
Army
being
now
upon
the
shore
,
and
his
Boats
ready
on
the
River
to
imbark
them
,
but
the
Wind
having
been
contrary
for
several
days
before
,
the
King
observing
it
,
kneeling
down
in
the
sight
of
his
Souldiers
with
his
hands
lifted
up
to
Heaven
,
thus
expressed
himself
;
O
thou
most
just
God
,
thou
certainly
knowest
that
I
did
not
at
first
undertake
this
Enterprize
out
of
any
rashness
or
ambition
,
but
for
the
glory
of
thy
most
Holy
Name
,
and
the
defence
of
the
Truth
of
thy
Gospel
,
here
now
therefore
I
call
upon
thee
O
God
,
and
most
humbly
beseech
thee
,
that
with
the
Air
of
thy
favour
,
and
with
a
prosperous
wind
,
thou
wouldst
be
pleased
to
breath
upon
this
my
undertaking
for
Christ
his
sake
,
Amen
;
No
sooner
were
his
Prayers
ended
,
but
through
Divine
Providence
the
Wind
turned
about
with
so
full
a
Gale
,
that
the
whole
Fleet
passing
up
the
River
Oder
,
in
two
hours
time
sailed
up
Twenty
Miles
,
and
unexpectedly
came
to
an
Anchor
within
a
Mile
of
Stetin
,
whereby
he
wonderfully
defeated
the
Designs
of
the
Imperialists
,
who
intended
within
two
dayes
after
to
have
laid
siege
to
that
City
,
had
they
not
been
thus
miraculously
prevented
;
When
this
King
came
first
to
the
Crown
,
he
resolved
to
lay
siege
to
Nottenburg
Castle
,
which
the
Muscovite
had
given
his
Father
for
some
Assistance
which
he
had
afforded
him
;
This
Castle
stood
in
an
Island
in
the
mouth
of
the
most
raging
and
swift
River
of
Nerva
,
his
Commanders
despairing
of
taking
it
,
and
being
unwilling
their
young
King
should
receive
a
Repulse
in
his
first
attempts
,
they
laboured
to
disswade
him
from
the
action
,
yet
he
continued
resolute
to
pursue
it
,
and
see
how
Almighty
God
wrought
for
him
;
The
Besieged
Muscovites
were
stricken
with
such
Thrushes
,
Warts
and
Blisters
in
their
Throats
and
Mouths
,
they
could
neither
chew
their
Meat
,
nor
swallow
it
down
,
whereupon
they
parlied
and
yielded
up
that
impregnable
Castle
to
him
,
wherein
he
found
a
whole
years
provision
of
Victuals
,
besides
abundance
of
Ammunition
.
Not
long
after
this
,
he
had
a
difference
with
the
Dantzickers
,
and
they
had
prepared
twenty
or
thirty
stout
men
of
War
,
intending
with
the
first
opening
of
the
Spring
,
to
have
burnt
up
the
Kings
Navy
in
their
Harbour
;
but
toward
the
end
of
Winter
,
when
this
narrow
Swedish
Sea
was
frozen
a
yard
or
two
deep
,
this
young
King
caused
his
Boors
to
cut
open
the
Ice
for
ten
or
twelve
Miles
together
,
which
done
,
he
came
suddenly
one
night
with
his
Fleet
upon
the
Dantzickers
,
and
burnt
,
sunk
,
and
took
most
of
their
Fleet
;
Also
in
his
Wars
with
the
King
of
Poland
,
he
conquered
so
many
Towns
from
him
in
Prussia
and
Livonia
,
that
he
inforced
him
by
the
mediation
of
King
Charles
of
England
,
to
make
peace
with
him
;
In
these
wars
with
the
Polanders
his
Army
was
never
great
,
having
for
the
most
part
not
above
Five
Thousand
Men
,
and
yet
with
them
he
fought
several
Battles
,
beat
and
wearied
out
two
Imperial
Armies
,
took
in
the
great
and
strong
City
of
Elbing
with
divers
others
and
finally
obtained
his
end
upon
his
Enemies
,
though
they
were
able
at
the
same
time
to
have
come
upon
him
with
such
a
number
of
Horse
as
had
,
according
to
humane
Reason
,
been
sufficient
to
have
carryed
him
away
,
and
five
such
Armies
as
his
was
;
He
was
slain
in
the
Battel
at
Lutzen
,
Nov.
16.
1632.
in
the
38
year
of
his
Age.
XLVIII
.
At
Bushein
a
Village
near
Friburg
in
Germany
,
there
happened
this
strange
Prodigy
,
there
appeared
in
the
Heavens
a
Twofold
Rainbow
,
one
white
as
Snow
,
and
the
other
exceeding
black
,
besides
another
of
a
fiery
colour
:
The
next
day
from
eleven
,
till
two
after
Noon
,
another
Aspect
of
a
very
white
colour
appeared
:
And
about
the
time
at
Franestein
hard
by
a
Woman
having
bought
some
bread
,
and
carrying
it
home
,
when
she
came
to
cut
it
,
blood
issued
out
from
it
;
This
Franestein
is
a
pretty
Town
upon
an
Hill
some
sixteen
English
miles
from
Dresden
,
it
was
taken
by
the
Imperialists
in
the
year
1632
by
Scalado
,
and
meeting
with
some
opposition
,
they
in
revenge
cruelly
put
all
,
both
Souldiers
and
Inhabitants
to
the
sword
:
And
October
4.
they
assaulted
Friburg
a
handsome
Town
upon
the
River
Mulda
some
10
English
miles
to
the
West
of
Franestein
,
and
taking
it
by
storm
,
they
likewise
miserably
destroyed
the
Inhabitants
;
near
this
place
,
Count
Holcks
men
,
(
who
was
then
Commander
of
those
Imperial
Forces
)
taking
displeasure
against
a
Minister
of
excellent
Learning
in
that
Countrey
,
they
first
hewed
him
all
to
pieces
with
their
swords
,
and
then
flung
his
mangled
Limbs
to
the
Dogs
to
be
eaten
;
But
the
Dogs
,
as
if
astonished
at
such
savage
cruelty
,
would
not
so
much
as
touch
his
flesh
,
or
lick
a
drop
of
his
blood
;
whereupon
his
Friends
gathered
up
his
pieces
the
next
day
,
and
buried
them
;
and
one
of
their
own
Authors
relates
,
That
the
Crabats
shewed
themselves
ingenious
to
invent
New
Torments
for
the
poor
Protestants
,
and
that
it
was
frequent
with
them
for
want
of
Dogs
meat
to
feed
them
with
humane
flesh
,
which
if
so
,
we
may
truly
say
,
Thatthough
the
Dogs
were
the
Man-eaters
,
yet
certainly
the
Crabats
were
the
Cannibals
.
XLIX
.
In
the
month
of
August
,
1632.
at
Kempten
in
Swabeland
a
strange
Monster
was
born
of
a
Citizens
Wife
,
the
head
was
altogether
fat
,
and
without
ears
,
the
hands
were
stretcht
out
,
and
appeared
all
bloody
between
the
flesh
and
the
skin
,
in
the
left
hand
there
was
a
Rope
,
the
Belly
had
two
wounds
as
if
prickt
by
a
Sword
,
and
the
left
knee
seemed
as
if
it
had
been
twice
broken
,
a
cord
being
tyed
about
it
:
This
goodly
Town
of
Kempten
was
held
by
the
Imperialists
,
and
after
many
furious
assaults
was
taken
by
the
Swedes
in
1633.
The
Imperial
Commander
went
to
Reitaw
,
where
he
was
beheaded
,
because
he
had
so
soon
surrendred
the
Place
;
Many
other
bloody
skirmishes
happened
about
this
Town
,
and
what
miseries
that
,
and
the
Countrey
thereabout
endured
,
when
it
was
besieged
,
and
re-taken
by
the
Imperialists
can
hardly
be
exprest
;
It
was
brought
to
such
extremity
of
Famine
,
not
much
inferiour
to
those
dreadful
ones
of
Samaria
,
and
Jerusalem
recorded
in
Holy
Scripture
,
or
of
Saguntum
in
Spain
;
Perusium
in
Hetruria
,
or
Tuscany
in
Italy
mentioned
by
other
Authors
;
Many
brave
Citizens
out
of
this
and
the
Neighbour
Towns
were
compelled
by
necessity
to
bear
Arms
for
a
livelihood
;
Horse-flesh
was
sold
at
high
rates
,
Dogs
,
Cats
and
Vermin
were
counted
as
good
as
Venison
;
For
all
Commerce
and
Trade
being
hindred
,
bread-corn
was
at
an
excessive
rate
,
and
hardly
to
be
purchased
for
money
;
In
February
,
1633.
at
Dobenshutz
a
Village
in
Althenburg
,
blood
sprang
out
of
a
Fish-pond
,
with
such
a
filthy
savour
,
that
if
it
were
touched
,
they
could
not
wash
off
the
stink
in
2
or
3
days
;
This
Countrey
was
the
same
year
lamentably
ruined
and
plundred
,
and
the
beastly
cruelty
and
licentiousness
of
the
Souldiers
was
exceeding
monstrous
:
Many
fine
Towns
and
Villages
were
robbed
and
burnt
to
Ashes
for
defending
themselves
,
and
the
Inhabitants
thereof
,
as
well
as
of
Dobenshutz
miserably
slaughtered
:
The
Women
,
yea
Ladies
and
Gentlewomen
,
were
tyed
and
coupled
together
like
Beasts
and
●ogs
,
and
sent
into
the
Woods
to
be
ravished
,
and
for
making
resistance
,
they
had
their
cloaths
stript
off
,
their
Bodies
whipt
,
and
their
ears
cut
off
,
and
in
this
deplorable
posture
were
sent
home
again
;
The
Souldiers
and
Crabats
got
many
Thousand
head
of
Cattel
together
and
what
beast
soever
did
not
readily
follow
them
,
they
killed
them
,
lest
they
should
serve
some
Hereticks
;
many
other
horrid
Barbarisms
were
committed
by
them
,
as
if
they
had
believed
that
a
Countrey
was
never
throughly
conquered
,
till
it
were
utterly
destroyed
by
Sword
and
Fire
.
L.
In
1633.
March
6.
about
8
a
Clock
in
the
Evening
over
the
Town
of
Bibrach
two
long
swords
were
seen
in
the
Air
,
one
Fiery
,
and
the
other
red
as
blood
;
many
fierce
encounters
happened
about
this
time
and
place
between
the
Swedes
and
Imperialists
,
Count
Horn
the
Swedish
Field
Marshal
killing
near
fix
hundred
Crabats
,
and
as
many
more
Spanish
and
Italian
Souldiers
who
came
to
aid
the
Emperor
,
perished
by
Cold
,
Famine
and
Sword
by
the
way
,
that
betwixt
Vlm
and
Bibrach
a
thousand
dead
Carcases
were
found
,
so
that
a
third
part
of
the
Army
were
lost
;
some
Months
after
,
four
Regiments
of
the
Imperialists
were
surprized
and
killed
by
the
Swedes
betwixt
this
Town
and
Isne
;
and
six
hundred
other
Imperialists
being
abroad
were
also
taken
,
and
most
of
them
slain
.
In
March
1634
,
Gustavus
Horn
besieged
the
City
of
Bibrach
,
wherein
were
thirteen
hundred
men
,
offering
the
Imperial
Governour
good
conditions
upon
his
first
approach
,
which
being
refused
,
he
battered
the
Town
so
long
with
his
Ordnance
,
that
he
won
the
Enemies
works
,
and
made
a
breach
into
the
Walls
.
Then
the
Governour
sending
out
a
Trumpet
,
desired
reasonable
Terms
,
or
else
he
would
defend
it
to
the
last
man
,
and
threatning
first
of
all
to
blow
up
all
the
Protestant
Citizens
,
whom
he
had
already
lockt
up
in
the
Town-house
,
and
into
a
Cellar
;
But
having
already
refused
fair
ofters
,
the
Swedes
denyed
them
now
,
and
prepared
all
things
ready
for
another
assault
,
advancing
toward
the
Breach
,
when
at
the
same
instant
,
the
Protestant
Ministers
with
several
Women
came
out
of
the
Town
,
making
most
pitiful
Lamentation
to
the
Swedish
General
,
signifying
that
it
would
certainly
cost
them
all
their
Lives
,
because
the
Town-house
was
already
undermined
,
and
the
Mine
filled
with
Powder
,
and
that
they
fearfully
expected
to
be
blown
up
immediately
.
Out
of
Commiseration
therefore
to
these
poor
people
,
another
Agreement
was
offered
to
the
Governour
,
and
Liberty
granted
them
to
march
out
with
their
Swords
only
,
which
was
accepted
,
and
the
Protestants
thereby
saved
.
LI.
In
1634
June
23.
another
Prodigy
happened
at
Dresden
in
Saxony
;
About
five
a
Clock
in
the
Evening
the
Sun
first
appeared
white
as
Snow
,
and
then
suddenly
became
dark
as
if
covered
by
a
Mist
;
It
appeared
first
in
the
form
of
a
Crown
,
and
then
like
a
Feather
,
and
then
red
as
blood
,
in
which
posture
it
continued
for
about
half
an
hour
,
and
then
returned
to
its
natural
shape
,
but
retained
its
sanguine
colour
till
it
went
down
,
and
the
Moon
at
her
rising
retained
the
same
bloody
Aspect
,
till
she
was
no
longer
seen
in
that
Horrison
;
About
the
same
time
at
Berlin
in
the
Marquisate
of
Brandenburg
it
rained
blood
and
brimstone
;
and
the
next
year
in
November
,
at
Itz●●o
a
Town
in
Holsiein
it
rained
thick
blood
,
whose
drops
being
used
as
Ink
,
represented
true
natural
blood
in
writing
;
It
is
scarce
credible
how
many
bloody
Conflicts
and
Encounters
happened
between
these
two
Countreys
,
the
same
year
,
and
the
next
following
;
but
more
especially
that
sore
and
bloody
Battel
at
Witstock
,
wherein
seven
Thousand
Imperialists
were
slain
by
the
Swedes
,
six
whole
Regiments
being
wholly
cut
off
,
with
several
great
Commanders
;
Fifteen
Hundred
Prisoners
,
Fourteen
Pieces
of
Ordnance
,
and
Eight
Thousand
Waggons
were
also
left
to
the
Swedish
Conqueror
;
Of
the
Swedes
likewise
were
a
Thousand
slain
upon
the
place
of
Battel
.
In
the
same
year
,
1634.
July
24.
at
Melnick
where
the
Saxon
Army
quartered
,
there
was
a
strange
Apparition
in
the
Air
,
which
was
thus
related
by
Eye-witnesses
;
About
Evening
,
when
the
Elector
of
Saxonys
Chaplain
was
at
Prayers
,
there
appeared
a
sign
in
the
sky
like
a
fiery
Beam
,
and
a
while
after
,
another
in
the
form
of
a
Scepter
fiery
red
,
just
over
the
House
where
he
was
Preaching
,
assoon
as
Sermon
was
ended
,
and
the
Chaplain
had
pronounced
Amen
,
the
sign
vanished
out
of
sight
;
After
this
the
same
Apparition
was
seen
again
of
divers
others
;
That
year
,
and
some
others
following
,
the
Crabats
like
Vermine
in
a
warren
,
ransacked
,
plundred
and
pillaged
what
places
soever
they
came
to
,
sparing
neither
Churches
,
Cloysters
,
nor
Noble
mens
Houses
,
but
robbed
and
dismembred
the
Countrey
people
,
ravished
the
Women
,
defloured
the
Maids
,
burnt
the
Villages
and
Towns
,
and
committed
all
manner
of
mischievous
Insolencies
and
Villanies
.
LII
.
About
this
time
Man
and
Beast
and
Fowls
of
the
Air
all
seemed
now
to
be
at
irreconcileable
difference
,
and
Germany
was
the
Stage
wherein
they
acted
their
Tragedies
;
At
Hessen
in
March
1635.
there
met
together
two
Armies
of
strange
Birds
,
which
fought
as
it
were
in
a
set
Battel
;
And
near
Straubinge
upon
the
River
of
Danube
multitudes
of
Dogs
had
their
Rendevouz
,
who
fought
so
furiously
,
that
all
the
Neighbourhood
were
affrighted
at
the
Prodigy
;
And
as
if
they
would
admit
of
no
Agreement
,
but
such
as
pleased
themselves
,
when
the
Governour
of
Ratisbone
had
sent
out
against
them
four
Companies
of
his
Foot
Souldiers
,
with
Muskets
,
and
other
Arms
to
assault
and
slay
them
,
they
left
their
hostility
among
themselves
,
and
joyned
together
against
the
Common
Enemy
,
falling
upon
the
Souldiers
,
and
in
despight
of
their
shot
and
weapons
,
killed
and
devoured
nine
of
them
.
This
year
1635.
A
great
Inundation
of
Water
happened
at
Rome
,
and
after
that
,
a
mortal
sickness
;
Five
Moons
were
seen
at
once
in
Normandy
,
and
in
Italy
many
Monsters●
were
brought
forth
;
At
this
time
there
began
Divisions
in
Scotland
about
Religion
;
The
Hollanders
and
Spaniards
fight
at
Sea
;
There
was
a
great
Plague
at
Venice
,
the
Spaniards
beat
the
French
.
J.
Gadbury
of
Prodigies
.
LIII
:
The
next
year
strange
Prodigies
terrifyed
the
hearts
of
the
People
;
For
while
the
Princes
and
Peers
were
in
their
jollity
at
the
Diet
at
Ratisbone
,
War
,
with
its
grim
Attendants
,
Famine
,
Pestilence
,
Fire
and
Destruction
raged
abroad
in
the
Roman
Empire
;
In
1636
:
December
19.
the
Spire
of
Shotten
Steeple
at
Vienna
being
newly
built
,
fell
suddenly
down
,
and
demolished
the
new
built
Church
;
This
happened
about
the
time
of
the
Coronation
of
the
new
King
of
the
Romans
at
Ratisbone
;
And
about
the
same
time
,
a
great
Blazing
Star
appeared
at
Rome
for
some
time
,
and
then
vanished
away
suddenly
over
St.
Paul's
Church
in
that
City
,
with
a
great
noise
,
and
divers
Monuments
placed
in
that
Church
fell
down
,
and
were
utterly
defaced
;
Now
though
it
might
seem
overmuch
boldness
(
saith
my
Author
)
to
peep
into
the
Ark
of
Divine
Secrets
,
nor
can
we
conclude
any
particular
consequences
from
the
Accidental
fall
of
this
Steeple
;
yet
doubtless
the
Comet
,
though
caused
by
the
meeting
of
secondary
and
natural
Causes
did
very
much
presage
what
happened
about
that
time
,
and
soon
after
;
For
within
one
Month
,
the
Emperor
Ferdinand
2.
who
had
been
ill
at
Ratisbone
,
and
then
removed
to
Vienna
,
gave
up
the
Ghost
;
some
Prodigies
likewise
happening
in
other
places
of
the
Empire
,
before
the
meeting
of
the
Electoral
Princes
at
Ratisbone
,
did
much
dishearten
the
common
people
,
and
caused
them
to
despair
of
any
good
success
by
that
Treaty
;
One
was
,
that
at
Wells
in
Austria
the
Emperors
house
of
Pleasure
where
he
then
lodged
,
was
suddenly
uncovered
by
a
violent
Tempest
;
and
this
was
accompanied
by
two
others
at
Lintz
,
the
first
was
the
sudden
fall
of
an
Arch
of
the
Bridge
made
over
the
River
Danubius
,
which
the
Emperor
had
no
sooner
passed
over
,
but
it
tumbled
into
the
River
;
The
second
was
,
that
three
carved
Eagles
placed
upon
the
House
of
a
Burgess
of
Lintz
,
being
broken
down
by
the
fury
of
this
Tempest
,
were
again
raised
up
into
the
Air
by
the
same
violent
blast
,
and
shattered
three
several
ways
,
and
one
of
them
at
last
fell
upon
the
House
appointed
for
the
Assembly
of
the
Province
,
an
other
upon
the
Statehouse
,
and
the
third
upon
a
publick
Conduit
or
Aqueduct
.
This
happened
in
1636.
and
gave
occasion
to
the
distracted
minds
of
men
to
project
terrible
things
from
that
meeting
of
the
States
.
LIV.
And
this
indeed
was
a
bloody
time
in
the
Dukedom
of
Saxony
,
and
there
was
a
general
fear
that
the
fury
of
the
War
would
not
be
confined
to
that
Countrey
,
which
was
the
more
heightned
by
a
strange
Prodigy
,
which
(
though
it
admits
of
no
particular
Interpretation
)
was
as
terrible
as
portentous
;
In
the
vear
1637
,
the
Conduit
at
Ise●ach
scituate
in
the
midst
of
the
Market-place
,
instead
of
Water
,
suddenly
poured
out
Blood
and
so
continued
for
two
hours
,
before
the
Water
returned
again
;
About
which
time
many
bloody
skirmishes
happened
between
the
Imperial
and
Swedish
Forces
few
days
passing
without
much
bloudshed
;
and
the
condition
of
the
Dukedom
of
Saxony
was
exceeding
deplorable
,
caused
not
only
by
the
Swedes
their
Enemies
,
but
also
by
their
seeming
Friends
the
Imperialists
,
who
usually
burnt
those
Places
to
the
Ground
,
where
they
did
not
find
as
much
Provision
for
their
Souldiers
as
they
demanded
;
So
that
the
Boors
and
poor
Countrey-men
did
now
long
for
Peace
,
which
they
were
then
so
much
strangers
to
,
desiring
that
their
Swords
might
be
turned
into
Plow-shares
,
and
their
Pikes
into
Shepherds
Crooks
;
the
Merchant
longed
for
an
open
Trade
,
and
Persons
of
all
Conditions
desired
an
end
to
these
Troubles
and
Distractions
,
but
it
seems
the
miseries
of
that
Countrey
were
not
yet
come
to
the
height
:
In
the
same
year
1637
,
the
Water
at
Weimar
was
again
turned
to
blood
;
A
strange
Worm
in
the
shape
of
a
Man
,
with
perfect
Lineaments
,
and
a
Golden
Crown
on
his
head
,
was
found
in
a
Sallad
at
an
Herb-womans
shop
in
Collen
,
which
(
if
not
Prodigious
)
was
yet
very
dreadful
.
A
Woman
appeared
in
a
mourning
habit
in
the
Church-yard
of
St.
Stephens
,
the
Cathedral
Church
of
Vienna
,
June
18.
1637.
who
with
a
doleful
voice
from
eleven
to
twelve
a
Clock
at
night
yelled
out
these
terrible
Words
;
Woe
unto
you
;
Wo
unto
you
;
Often
repeating
them
,
and
no
other
;
The
Bells
without
any
help
of
men
,
suddenly
rung
out
to
the
great
affrightment
of
the
people
who
descanted
upon
these
sad
Omens
,
doubting
that
such
horrid
Consequences
would
ensue
as
presented
themselves
to
their
several
Fancies
;
And
indeed
not
without
cause
,
for
after
this
,
a
new
time
of
trouble
began
,
the
sword
raging
in
the
most
and
best
part
of
Germany
;
and
Fire
likewise
,
not
only
by
chance
,
but
by
the
Will
and
Choice
of
such
as
used
that
devouring
Element
to
the
dammage
of
their
Enemies
,
and
the
General
Ruin
of
their
Countrey
.
LV.
Thus
have
I
(
with
my
Author
)
run
over
the
Prodigious
Signs
and
Warnings
of
Germany
,
with
a
brief
Account
of
the
miserable
Events
which
ensued
;
But
having
met
with
a
larger
Relation
of
the
dreadful
Consequences
of
these
amazing
Prodigies
as
they
were
published
by
Dr.
Vincent
a
Learned
English
Physician
,
who
was
an
Eye-witness
thereof
;
during
the
Woful
Calamities
of
that
Countrey
.
I
do
not
think
it
amiss
,
nor
any
unprofitable
digression
to
relate
them
in
his
own
Words
;
It
is
generally
concluded
and
believed
that
the
Burning
Beacon
,
or
Blazing
Star
in
1618
was
a
sad
fore-runner
of
the
merciless
fury
of
War
which
hath
reigned
,
and
played
the
Tyrant
in
Germany
ever
since
,
the
best
Astrologers
expounding
it
to
be
The
Sword
of
Germany
;
I
have
seen
a
Prophecy
long
since
in
a
Book
belonging
to
a
Canon
of
Nimmegen
,
and
now
in
the
Library
at
Zutphen
,
That
a
time
should
come
when
one
Frederick
should
be
King
,
and
then
should
the
Princes
of
Germany
,
the
Nobility
of
Bohemia
,
and
the
People
of
both
be
very
much
oppressed
,
and
War
should
rage
beyond
the
Precedent
of
former
Ages
.
This
if
ever
is
now
fulfilled
in
our
days
,
and
if
in
such
disorder
it
be
possible
,
I
will
keep
this
Order
in
speaking
thereof
.
1.
Of
the
Exactions
and
Extortions
that
have
been
committed
.
2.
The
Tortures
and
Torments
which
have
been
exercised
.
3.
The
Rapes
and
Ravishments
perpetrated
.
4.
The
Robberies
and
Pillaging
,
5.
The
Bloodshed
and
Murders
.
6.
The
Burnings
and
Destructions
committed
by
the
Popish
Armies
in
those
Countreys
:
These
shall
be
the
Scenes
of
this
first
Act
;
Famine
and
Pestilence
shall
stand
for
the
other
Acts
of
this
direful
Tragedy
;
In
which
as
no
Action
or
Passion
was
simple
or
single
,
so
I
cannot
rehearse
them
without
sometime
intermixing
one
with
the
other
.
LVI
.
And
first
for
Extortions
and
Exactions
;
As
no
Province
or
part
of
Germany
can
boast
of
her
Freedom
from
these
miseries
,
though
some
have
been
more
opprest
than
others
;
So
there
is
no
Prince
nor
State
which
hath
not
suffered
therein
;
nay
no
City
,
no
Town
,
nor
almost
no
Person
whatsoever
;
Every
weeks
Relation
tells
us
of
Hundreds
,
Thousands
,
Millions
of
Rix-dollars
or
Gilders
,
imposed
,
exacted
,
and
extorted
by
the
Conquerors
or
Spoylers
,
for
the
redemption
of
mens
Lives
or
Liberties
,
Goods
or
Houses
;
strange
and
almost
impossible
to
be
paid
have
been
the
Ransomes
taxed
upon
the
Burgers
at
the
taking
of
some
Towns
;
to
which
end
they
have
threatned
,
imprisoned
,
and
abused
the
Magistrates
till
they
condescended
:
At
Cryphenberg
they
kept
the
Senators
shut
up
in
the
Common
Hall
,
vexing
and
tormenting
them
so
long
with
Hunger
and
Smoak
,
that
some
of
them
dyed
.
In
Heidelburg
Castle
many
Burgers
,
and
Reverend
Ministers
were
imprisoned
,
and
fed
with
Bread
and
Water
till
the
Charity
of
the
Reformed
Churches
could
relieve
them
;
After
those
at
Frankendale
had
upon
necessity
surrendred
that
Town
,
they
could
not
enjoy
the
Articles
granted
them
by
the
Enemy
,
but
the
grave
Councellors
and
other
Magistrates
were
forced
to
accept
of
such
Conditions
as
were
fitter
for
Slaves
and
Dogs
than
men
;
some
were
thrown
into
Prison
,
and
so
severely
used
,
that
many
of
them
dyed
through
grief
and
sorrow
;
others
though
much
impoverished
,
were
forced
to
redeem
themselves
with
unreasonable
Ransoms
;
The
Goods
of
those
which
fled
were
confiscated
;
and
though
the
Inhabitants
would
willingly
have
left
their
Houses
and
rich
Furniture
as
plunder
to
those
bloody
Villains
,
yet
they
were
detained
in
the
City
,
and
their
destruction
was
most
cruellyplotted
and
designed
;
After
the
same
manner
they
dealt
with
many
others
,
as
well
contrary
to
all
Oaths
and
Promises
as
to
the
Laws
and
Common
Faith
of
all
Nations
.
LVII
.
But
not
to
insist
on
these
,
let
us
in
the
second
place
consider
the
Tortures
and
Torments
which
the
Licentious
Souldiers
exercised
upon
the
Persons
of
the
Inhabitants
,
without
the
least
respect
to
Age
,
Quality
,
or
Sex
,
which
discovered
them
to
be
rather
Turks
and
Infidels
than
Men
of
Arms
;
For
even
Princes
,
whose
Persons
are
sacred
,
though
they
never
bore
Arms
,
as
the
old
Lantgrave
of
Hesse
and
others
;
yea
,
some
of
the
Female
Sex
,
as
the
old
Dutchess
Dowager
of
Wittenburg
,
have
without
any
regard
or
pity
been
imprisoned
,
reviled
and
abused
by
these
Miscreants
:
Some
of
Tillies
Souldiers
caused
the
D.
of
Saxonys
Subjects
to
be
tortured
by
half
strangling
them
,
and
pressing
their
Thumbs
with
wheels
,
they
forced
others
to
eat
their
own
Excrements
,
which
if
they
refused
,
they
thrust
down
their
Throats
,
thereby
choaking
some
of
them
,
and
those
they
suspected
to
have
money
,
were
exquisitely
tortured
to
make
them
confess
;
yea
,
Princely
Personages
have
suffered
the
like
cruelty
with
meaner
men
.
They
tyed
strong
Matches
or
Cords
about
the
heads
of
some
,
which
were
twisted
,
till
the
blood
came
out
of
their
Eyes
,
Ears
and
Noses
,
yea
,
till
their
Eyes
started
out
of
their
heads
;
Others
had
burning
Matches
tyed
betwixt
their
Fingers
,
to
their
Noses
,
Tongues
,
Jaws
,
Cheeks
,
Breasts
,
Legs
,
and
Secrets
,
even
those
parts
which
Nature
hideth
,
they
either
filled
with
Powder
,
or
tyed
bags
of
Powder
to
them
,
and
so
giving
fire
to
them
,
in
an
horrible
manner
burst
their
bellies
,
and
killed
them
;
They
pierced
and
raced
the
skin
and
flesh
of
some
,
as
Artificers
deal
with
Leather
;
and
have
drawn
Cords
through
their
Thighs
,
Legs
,
Arms
,
Noses
,
Ears
and
Lips
;
Others
they
hung
up
in
the
smoak
,
drying
them
with
small
Fires
,
and
for
fear
they
should
dye
too
soon
,
they
sometime
refreshed
them
with
small
drink
or
cold
water
;
Some
they
burned
or
smothered
in
hot
Ovens
,
and
rosted
others
with
straw
Fires
,
so
that
it
was
a
great
favour
to
be
hanged
or
strangled
;
they
bound
the
hands
and
fee
of
some
so
hard
,
that
the
Blood
sprouted
out
at
the
end
of
their
Fingers
and
Toes
,
and
tyed
the
hands
and
feet
of
others
backward
together
,
stopping
their
Mouths
with
Clouts
to
hinder
them
from
Praying
:
Some
were
hanged
up
with
Ropes
tyed
to
their
Privy
parts
,
and
hearing
their
roaring
,
they
have
endeavoured
to
out-roar
and
drown
their
cryes
as
in
sport
;
yea
,
which
is
yet
more
detestable
,
when
they
found
any
poor
Creatures
troubled
with
Ruptures
,
or
burstness
,
they
have
inlarged
them
,
and
then
filling
those
parts
with
Gunpowder
,
have
villanously
blown
them
up
as
with
a
Mine
:
Many
they
trussed
up
on
high
,
hanging
Stones
and
Weights
on
their
Feet
to
stretch
out
their
bodies
;
They
have
planed
the
Faces
of
others
with
Chisels
and
other
Instruments
,
pretending
to
make
it
even
;
some
men
they
have
openly
gelded
in
the
presence
of
their
Wives
and
Children
:
The
Mouths
of
some
they
opened
with
Gags
,
and
then
poured
stinking
water
,
piss
,
or
other
nasty
Liquors
down
their
Throats
,
saying
it
was
a
Swedish
draught
:
whereby
growing
sick
,
and
their
Bellies
swelling
like
a
Tun
,
they
have
dyed
by
leasure
with
the
greater
Torment
;
They
thrust
a
knotted
clout
down
the
Throats
of
others
,
and
plucked
it
up
again
with
a
string
,
thereby
even
moving
the
very
Bowels
out
of
their
places
,
by
which
cruel
Torments
they
made
some
Deaf
,
Dumb
,
and
Blind
,
others
Lame
,
and
miserable
Cripples
,
if
they
did
not
kill
them
outright
.
If
a
Husband
intreated
for
his
Wife
,
or
a
Woman
for
her
Husband
,
they
then
tortured
the
Petitioner
before
the
others
Eyes
,
and
which
seems
almost
incredible
,
when
these
poor
Creatures
were
dying
under
their
merciless
hands
,
and
cryed
to
God
in
their
pain
and
anguish
,
these
hellish
Executioners
would
command
and
force
them
to
call
upon
,
and
pray
to
the
Devil
;
Infinite
almost
and
unspeakable
indeed
were
the
Cruelties
exercised
by
the
outragious
Souldiers
on
all
sides
;
nay
some
were
so
damnably
wicked
as
to
make
it
their
study
to
invent
new
Tortures
;
they
took
an
ancient
Reverend
Divine
,
and
stripping
him
,
bound
him
upon
a
Table
on
his
back
,
and
fastened
a
great
strong
Cat
upon
his
Belly
,
beating
and
pricking
the
Cat
to
make
her
fix
her
Teeth
and
Claws
in
the
poor
mans
Belly
;
So
that
the
Man
and
Cat
partly
through
Famine
,
and
partly
through
pain
and
anguish
both
dyed
under
their
Tormentors
;
some
of
the
cursed
Croats
,
or
Crabats
endeavoured
to
teach
their
Horses
to
eat
the
flesh
of
Christians
,
and
contrived
worse
Tortures
than
Phalaris
,
Nero
,
Dionysius
,
or
any
of
those
monstrous
Tyrants
of
former
ages
ever
arrived
to
,
so
that
we
may
say
,
Caucasus
bred
them
,
Tygers
fed
them
,
and
Hell
taught
them
,
the
last
of
which
,
without
deep
repentance
,
was
probably
their
eternal
Lot
.
LVIII
.
I
have
said
much
of
the
former
particular
,
though
not
the
Tenth
part
of
what
was
acted
:
I
will
now
thirdly
speak
a
little
of
the
ensuing
Abomination
;
Rapes
and
Ravi
hments
hardly
to
be
imagined
,
and
beyond
all
humane
modesty
did
they
commit
,
Virgins
,
Matrons
,
Widows
,
and
Wives
without
distinction
have
they
violated
and
forced
even
in
the
presence
of
their
Parents
,
Husbands
and
Neighbours
,
yea
,
Women
with
Child
,
and
even
in
Childbed
;
No
Ghappel
,
Church
,
or
other
place
hath
been
free
from
their
filthiest
pollutions
,
and
barbarisms
;
The
very
Hospitals
and
Bedlam-houses
have
not
been
spared
,
their
Devilish
Debaucheries
have
there
found
Subjects
for
their
Lusts
.
In
the
Land
of
Hesse
,
a
poor
lean
mad
woman
who
had
been
kept
in
chains
above
Twenty
years
,
was
by
these
Hell-hounds
let
loose
;
to
whom
they
brought
divers
others
like
her self
,
some
mad
,
others
dumb
,
all
wretched
Creatures
,
they
tyed
their
Coats
about
their
ears
,
and
then
shamefully
abused
them
;
In
Pomerania
they
ravished
the
handsomest
Virgins
of
that
Countrey
,
before
their
Parents
faces
,
forcing
their
Friends
to
sing
Psalms
to
them
all
the
while
.
In
Italy
I
have
heard
the
Villanies
of
the
German
Troops
recited
with
Tears
;
Among
others
,
a
beautiful
Maid
was
hid
by
her
Parents
in
a
Dunghil
,
but
they
discovering
her
,
ravished
her
,
and
then
barbarously
cutting
her
in
pieces
,
hung
her
quarters
up
in
the
Church
,
and
bid
her
Friends
pray
to
the
Saints
for
her
relief
:
In
the
Land
of
Brunswick
two
Souldiers
took
a
Girl
of
ten
years
old
,
and
carryed
her
into
the
Wood
to
ravish
her
.
The
Mother
with
hands
held
up
,
came
running
after
our
Coach
(
saith
my
Author
)
crying
out
to
my
Colonel
,
but
he
being
a
stranger
had
no
command
there
,
and
could
not
relieve
her
,
soon
after
wesaw
the
2
Horsemen
come
out
of
the
Wood
,
whether
they
left
the
poor
Child
dead
or
alive
I
know
not
:
Some
virtuous
and
chast
women
they
have
offered
to
kill
,
or
thrown
their
Children
into
the
Fire
to
make
them
yield
:
They
spared
not
the
very
Nuns
,
but
after
they
had
broke
into
their
Cloysters
,
and
pillaged
them
of
all
their
goods
,
they
have
likewise
ravished
and
killed
some
of
them
;
Some
Women
have
leaped
into
Rivers
and
Wells
;
others
have
killed
themselves
,
because
they
would
not
be
subject
to
the
lusts
of
these
Hellish
Furies
;
nay
not
only
sick
and
weak
Virgins
and
Women
have
been
violated
till
they
dyed
,
but
these
wretches
have
committed
filthiness
with
the
dead
Bodies
.
LIX
.
But
fourthly
as
to
Robberies
and
Pillaging
,
they
were
so
numerous
,
that
no
man
could
pass
any where
in
Germany
,
but
he
was
robbed
,
stript
,
and
perhaps
killed
;
The
Merchants
of
Frankford
,
Noremburg
,
Leipswick
,
Hamburg
,
&c.
have
had
too
woful
experience
thereof
;
The
Merchants
of
Basil
returning
from
the
Mart
of
Strasburg
and
other
Fairs
,
were
set
upon
by
the
Imperialists
in
their
Lodgings
;
and
though
they
offered
to
prove
themselves
Merchants
,
and
so
ought
to
pass
freely
,
yea
,
though
they
begged
their
Lives
upon
their
knees
,
yet
they
villanously
murdered
Ten
of
them
,
saying
,
They
must
dye
because
they
were
Hereticks
:
The
rest
leaving
their
Goods
and
Cloaths
behind
,
escaped
stark
naked
in
the
night
by
flight
.
Yea
,
the
very
Convoys
who
pretended
to
guard
Travellers
,
were
oft
times
as
bad
as
the
Enemies
,
watching
all
occasions
to
cheat
them
of
their
money
,
goods
,
and
Horses
,
spoyling
their
Waggons
when
they
made
a
stand
,
and
rifling
and
stripping
the
meanest
person
if
he
stragled
in
the
least
from
the
Company
;
Two
Countesses
of
great
Nobility
,
with
their
fair
Daughters
,
were
entertained
by
us
(
saith
my
Author
)
in
the
Castle
of
Heidelburg
,
and
when
provision
grew
scarce
,
they
went
away
with
the
Enemies
pasport
,
notwithstanding
which
they
were
robbed
and
ri●●ed
in
their
Coaches
of
all
they
had
,
not
leaving
them
the
very
Garments
that
covered
them
;
yea
they
shamefully
plundred
the
Danish
Ambassador
,
though
priviledged
by
his
Office
in
all
Nations
;
so
that
the
case
was
strangely
altered
in
Germany
,
where
not
long
before
a
man
might
have
rid
with
an
hundred
pound
in
his
pocket
,
and
only
a
whip
in
his
hand
through
all
those
Countreys
without
the
least
fear
of
being
injured
;
But
now
the
very
Souldiers
even
robbed
one
another
if
they
found
them
in
the
least
out
of
their
quarters
;
neither
did
they
acknowledge
God
nor
Devil
,
but
in
their
cursed
Oaths
and
Blasphemies
,
nor
was
there
any
action
so
vile
,
but
they
were
ready
to
commit
it
,
and
this
introduces
the
next
particular
.
LX.
Which
is
,
Fifthly
to
relate
the
Bloudshed
and
Murders
committed
by
them
,
to
report
the
whole
of
which
will
be
equally
impossible
,
and
incredible
;
Alstedius
saith
,
that
before
the
K.
of
Sweden
came
into
Germany
,
the
Wars
had
consumed
an
Hundred
Thousand
,
and
if
so
,
how
many
Millions
have
miserably
perished
;
The
cruelty
of
the
Souldiers
toward
the
Inhabitants
of
those
Countreys
is
inexpressible
,
all
persons
having
the
same
measure
without
distinction
;
At
Lanshood
in
Bavaria
,
the
Souldiers
entred
by
force
,
killing
not
only
all
they
found
in
Arms
,
but
the
very
Priests
kneeling
at
the
Altars
,
and
the
poor
Peasants
and
Countrey
People
were
killed
upon
every
slight
occasion
;
There
were
among
the
Imperialists
a
base
rascally
sort
of
Horsemen
called
Croats
or
Crabbats
aforementioned
,
the
tenth
part
whereof
were
not
of
that
Countrey
,
but
a
miscellany
or
mixture
of
all
Nations
,
without
God
,
or
Religion
,
having
only
the
outsides
of
men
,
and
scarce
that
neither
,
but
were
bloody
Monsters
within
;
These
Rakehels
made
no
Conscience
of
murthering
men
and
women
,
both
old
and
young
,
yea
,
of
very
innocent
Babes
,
whom
like
the
Wild
Beasts
among
which
they
were
bred
,
these
Villains
inhumanely
eat
,
when
they
might
have
had
other
food
;
By
these
the
poor
people
were
barbarously
knocked
down
in
the
Fields
,
and
Highwayes
,
and
likewise
slaughtered
,
stab'd
and
tortur'd
;
I
have
seen
them
(
saith
my
Author
)
beat
out
the
brains
of
poor
,
old
,
decrepit
Women
only
in
sport
,
and
commit
many
other
outrages
too
long
to
relate
;
yea
it
was
so
common
for
the
poor
people
to
see
others
killed
,
that
as
if
there
had
been
no
Relation
,
Affection
,
Neighbourhood
,
or
Kindred
,
none
pitied
them
,
or
had
any
compassion
upon
them
,
hardly
any
cryed
out
,
Oh
my
Father
,
Oh
my
Brother
,
&c.
The
Croats
very
seldom
gave
Quarter
,
but
killed
all
that
were
at
their
mercy
;
and
others
received
Pay
,
for
bringing
the
Noses
and
Ears
of
their
Enemies
to
their
Masters
:
Tilly
after
the
defeat
of
the
D.
of
Brunswick
at
H●uxt
on
the
River
Main
,
drew
out
of
that
Town
Threescore
Souldiers
,
and
caused
them
all
to
be
killed
in
cold
blood
before
the
Gate
,
saying
,
That
he
sacrificed
them
to
Count
Mansfield
their
Master
.
LXI
.
Lastly
,
For
Burnings
,
pulling
down
and
ruining
of
Churches
,
Cities
,
Villages
,
the
like
hath
never
been
heard
;
The
Swedish
Army
burned
above
Two
Thousand
Villages
in
revenge
of
the
Cruelties
acted
in
the
Palatinate
;
But
their
Enemies
spared
neither
Friends
nor
Foes
,
what
goodly
Houses
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
were
on
every
side
defaced
or
burnt
to
Ashes
;
So
that
all
men
betook
themselves
to
Arms
:
No
tilling
of
the
Land
,
no
breeding
of
Cattel
,
no
place
secure
but
the
Camp
,
no
Plow
to
follow
but
the
War
,
for
he
that
was
not
an
Actor
with
the
rest
,
must
of
necessity
be
a
miserable
sufferer●
;
If
they
should
have
sowed
any
thing
one
year
,
the
next
year
the
Souldiers
would
have
devoured
it
,
so
that
they
judged
it
better
to
sit
still
than
to
labour
,
and
let
others
reap
the
benefit
thereof
,
from
whence
proceeded
an
Universal
Desolation
;
most
of
the
People
and
Inhabitants
swarmed
as
banished
men
in
other
Countreys
,
as
in
Switzerland
,
France
,
Italy
,
and
the
Venetian
Territorys
.
From
Basil
to
Strasburg
,
and
from
thence
to
Heidelburg
,
and
Marpurg
,
which
was
some
Hundreds
of
miles
,
I
scarce
saw
a
man
(
saith
my
Author
)
in
the
Fields
and
Villages
;
Little
better
was
it
in
travelling
from
France
to
the
middle
of
Bohemia
,
and
from
the
Alpes
about
Auspurg
to
the
Baltick
Sea
,
though
a
compass
of
ground
of
above
Two
Thousand
miles
,
and
not
much
less
than
three
times
all
Brittain
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
People
being
destroyed
and
extinguished
by
Wars
,
length
of
time
,
and
all
manner
of
miseries
.
LXII
.
Famine
cometh
in
the
next
place
,
a
thing
so
grievous
that
David
preferred
the
Pestilence
in
his
Choice
;
To
see
men
slain
by
the
Sword
,
or
dye
of
Contagious
Diseases
is
not
yet
so
grievous
as
to
see
them
dye
of
Famine
,
or
to
kill
and
eat
one
another
;
when
Samaria
was
besieged
by
Benhadad
K.
of
Syria
,
the
Famine
was
so
great
that
an
Asses
head
was
sold
for
fourscore
pieces
of
Silver
,
and
the
fourth
part
of
a
Cab
of
Doves
Dung
for
fifty
pieces
of
Silver
;
Two
Women
agreed
to
eat
their
own
Children
,
and
when
they
had
boyled
and
eaten
one
,
the
other
Woman
hid
hers
;
In
the
siege
of
Jerusalem
,
Mice
,
Rats
,
and
Hides
were
good
meat
,
and
Women
did
dress
and
eat
their
own
Children
,
the
smell
whereof
drew
others
who
were
hunger-starved
to
come
to
share
with
them
:
But
that
Cities
which
were
not
besieged
,
and
a
Countrey
naturally
fruitful
,
should
be
so
ruined
,
as
not
to
be
able
for
so
long
a
time
to
afford
Bread
to
a
poor
remnant
of
people
,
but
that
they
must
be
forced
to
eat
Carrion
,
and
dead
men
,
yea
one
another
whilst
alive
,
this
was
lamentable
,
and
hitherto
never
heard
of
;
Had
not
I
been
provided
(
saith
my
Author
)
with
victuals
at
my
coming
out
of
Switzerland
,
Famine
had
arrested
me
in
Germany
,
for
there
was
not
any
where
meat
to
be
had
for
money
;
The
Italians
and
Spaniards
who
had
been
at
the
fight
at
Norlingen
,
and
being
disarmed
,
wandred
about
,
were
so
black
and
feeble
for
hunger
,
that
had
I
not
given
them
part
of
my
provision
,
I
believe
they
had
torn
me
in
pieces
,
and
eaten
me
;
Travelling
from
Newstadt
toward
Frankendale
in
a
snowy
day
,
I
unexpectedly
met
with
the
Army
of
Duke
Bernard
,
whose
stragling
Forerunners
came
riding
up
to
me
by
couples
,
and
when
I
looked
for
a
worse
errand
,
they
asked
only
for
a
little
Bread
,
which
my
Guide
bestowed
upon
them
so
long
as
we
had
any
;
From
thence
to
Manheim
and
Heidelburg
many
dead
men
lay
strawed
on
the
way
,
especially
on
the
places
where
they
had
made
Fires
,
who
perished
through
cold
and
want
.
When
we
were
besieged
in
the
Castle
of
Heidelburg
,
our
Souldiers
at
first
killed
more
Horses
in
a
day
then
they
could
eat
,
least
they
should
dye
of
themselves
for
want
of
hay
;
therefore
what
was
left
they
threw
out
of
the
Castle
down
the
Rock
,
which
the
Enemy
in
the
night
drew
into
the
Town
,
though
some
of
them
were
slain
in
the
Action
,
and
so
they
heartily
eat
our
Horseflesh
;
At
which
time
the
Serjeant
Major
with
fifty
men
issued
out
upon
three
hundred
of
the
Enemy
intrenched
on
the
East
side
of
the
Castle
,
many
were
slain
;
others
broke
their
necks
down
the
Rocks
;
Our
Souldiers
being
Masters
of
the
Trench
,
fell
to
ransack
the
Enemies
knapsacks
which
they
had
left
behind
them
,
but
found
nothing
in
them
except
our
own
Horse-flesh
,
which
yet
was
not
unwelcome
,
for
it
grew
scarce
with
us
;
so
that
now
we
were
compelled
to
kill
the
Horses
which
stood
fasting
and
sleeping
on
the
Dunghil
,
not
out
of
compassion
to
them
,
but
for
our
own
necessity
;
Another
Serjeant
Major
had
two
very
fine
Horses
,
our
Souldiers
took
one
and
eat
him
;
but
he
thinking
to
make
sure
of
the
other
,
fastened
him
to
the
Wall
with
a
strong
Chain
and
a
Padlock
,
but
they
taking
their
opportunity
,
cut
off
the
Horses
Neck
,
and
left
the
head
in
the
Chain
,
carrying
away
the
body
,
and
greedily
eating
it
.
At
length
Dogs
and
〈◊〉
me
in
request
,
so
that
we
could
smell
our
meat
〈◊〉
off
,
and
yet
on
the
Table
it
was
still
more
lothsome
,
the
tast
being
answerable
to
the
smell
,
yet
we
eat
it
exceeding
savourly
,
but
our
bread
at
last
failing
,
we
yielded
to
necessity
.
For
the
Armies
every
where
over-running
the
Countrey
,
devoured
both
Corn
and
Cattel
,
so
that
those
who
had
any
goods
lest
,
offered
to
give
all
for
a
little
food
;
But
that
being
not
to
be
obtained
,
they
were
fain
to
lye
in
the
streets
and
highwayes
,
(
much
contrary
to
their
former
way
of
living
)
to
beg
something
for
Gods
sake
,
wherewith
to
refresh
their
dying
Souls
;
yet
no
sooner
had
they
swallowed
what
was
given
them
,
but
they
presently
gave
up
the
Ghost
;
Memorable
is
that
relation
which
Reinmannus
recordeth
of
the
Famine
in
Alsatia
,
that
Valentine
Engelin
a
Citizen
of
Rufack
,
with
the
Sexton
of
the
Church
deposed
before
a
Magistrate
upon
their
Oaths
,
That
Ann●
the
Daughter
of
John
Ebstein
confessed
to
them
,
that
she
came
from
Colmar
,
where
she
had
waited
many
days
before
the
Hangmans
door
in
hope
to
get
a
piece
of
Horseflesh
to
satisfie
her
hunger
,
but
not
prevailing
,
she
was
now
come
to
Rufack
intreating
them
,
that
if
there
were
the
body
of
any
young
man
or
woman
unburied
,
they
would
give
it
her
to
eat
to
preserve
her
Life
;
And
that
two
other
women
and
a
boy
made
the
same
request
;
affirming
that
they
had
lived
a
long
time
upon
dead
mens
flesh
;
After
which
the
Churchyard
of
St.
Nicholas
where
the
dead
bodies
lay
,
was
shut
up
;
Lastly
they
declared
that
four
young
maids
had
cut
in
pieces
the
dead
body
of
another
maiden
of
eleven
years
old
,
and
had
eaten
every
one
their
part
of
her
;
Many
who
survived
the
loss
of
all
they
had
,
sustained
themselves
for
a
long
time
with
Roots
,
Acorns
,
green
Fruits
,
grass
,
Thistles
,
and
other
Weeds
,
which
the
very
beasts
would
not
have
eaten
,
upon
which
several
of
them
grew
distracted
and
died
;
In
some
places
the
poor
famished
people
were
so
faint
,
that
they
had
not
strength
to
bury
one
another
,
so
that
the
dead
bodies
have
been
devoured
by
Dogs
,
Foxes
,
and
Wolves
;
Yea
some
Persons
have
run
mad
for
meer
hunger
;
In
some
Cities
the
Inhabitants
have
by
this
Famine
been
constrained
to
kill
and
sell
all
manner
of
Vermine
in
publick
shops
,
as
Dogs
,
Cats
,
Mice
,
Rats
,
&c.
A
woman
at
Hanover
who
used
commonly
to
sell
Dogs
flesh
to
the
Souldiers
;
was
in
the
street
assaulted
by
Dogs
,
and
had
all
her
cloths
torn
off
her
body
,
so
that
she
was
forced
to
sit
down
on
the
ground
to
hide
her
shame
,
and
had
she
not
been
timely
rescued
,
she
had
been
torn
in
pieces
by
the
Dogs
.
If
any
had
a
Beast
left
which
he
carefully
kept
for
his
necessity
,
some
or
other
of
his
Acquaintance
would
,
if
possible
,
steal
it
from
him
and
eat
it
;
They
snatched
from
each
other
with
great
eagerness
,
the
very
stinking
Carrion
which
had
lain
5
or
6
weeks
dead
,
and
full
of
Maggots
,
yea
,
they
fought
and
beat
one
another
to
get
a
morsel
thereof
,
as
it
happened
at
a
place
called
Dubach
;
It
moved
the
Grandees
and
Governours
to
compassion
to
see
their
People
in
such
extream
want
;
Insomuch
that
the
Noble
Earl
of
Falkenstein
seeing
his
Subjects
crave
sustenance
of
him
,
commanded
his
Servants
to
give
them
his
Hounds
to
satisfie
their
hunger
,
whom
they
presently
killed
,
and
eat
with
all
greediness
.
And
as
the
Famine
increased
,
when
no
more
food
was
to
be
got
,
men
were
like
inraged
Beasts
one
against
another
,
and
gathering
together
by
Troops
,
watched
one
another
upon
the
High-ways
,
and
so
murthered
,
drest
,
and
eat
each
other
,
so
that
none
could
pass
safely
on
the
way
,
or
in
the
streets
without
a
guard
,
or
very
well
armed
,
and
though
some
have
been
taken
and
severely
punished
by
Justice
,
yet
others
continued
lurking
to
seize
upon
Passingers
;
Three
Maidens
at
Odenheim
near
Worms
agreed
to
live
together
and
take
their
chance
,
but
as
the
Proverb
saith
,
Necessity
hath
no
Law
,
and
hunger
is
a
sharp
Thorn
,
for
in
a
while
they
were
all
so
extreamly
pinched
with
Famine
,
that
they
sought
to
take
away
one
anothers
lives
to
save
their
own
,
Two
of
them
conspired
to
kill
the
third
by
strangling
her
in
bed
,
or
some
other
way
,
and
after
to
dress
and
eat
her
up
.
All
which
they
did
accordingly
;
Then
the
second
resolved
to
strangle
her
Companion
,
and
cut
off
her
head
,
which
when
she
had
done
,
and
devoured
her
flesh
,
her
heart
was
so
hardened
,
that
she
went
to
a
Village
called
Ridisheim
to
a
Woman
of
her
Acquaintance
called
Margaret
,
whose
Husband
was
absent
for
fear
of
the
Souldiers
;
the
woman
entertained
her
kindly
,
rejoycing
that
she
came
to
see
her
;
But
in
the
night
lying
by
the
woman
,
she
barbarously
cut
off
her
head
,
and
binding
the
dead
body
upon
a
board
,
brought
it
to
her
house
at
Piedessen
,
but
being
pricked
with
the
sharpness
of
hunger
,
she
had
not
patience
to
cut
the
body
in
pieces
,
but
only
cut
off
the
head
and
both
the
hands
,
which
she
washed
and
dressed
:
The
Husband
coming
home
missed
his
wife
,
and
inquiring
of
the
Neighbours
,
they
told
him
such
a
maid
was
seen
with
her
;
upon
which
he
went
immediately
to
her
house
,
and
knocking
at
the
door
,
asked
her
if
she
had
not
seen
his
Wife
,
she
answered
him
,
no
;
But
such
deeds
of
cruelty
are
hard
to
be
concealed
,
Murder
will
out
,
as
they
say
;
The
man
goes
into
her
house
,
and
casting
his
eyes
round
,
looks
into
every
corner
,
at
length
he
spies
an
hand
to
stick
out
of
the
Pot
which
hung
over
the
Fire
;
Hereupon
being
overcome
with
grief
,
he
rageth
against
the
Murderess
,
and
threatens
her
so
severely
,
that
she
presently
confesseth
the
whole
truth
to
him
;
thereupon
he
complains
to
a
Justice
,
the
woman
is
seized
and
brought
before
the
Lords
of
Justice
sitting
in
the
Judgment
Seat
;
They
deliberate
a
great
while
about
her
punishment
,
some
were
of
opinion
that
what
she
had
acted
was
not
as
a
Rational
Creature
,
but
as
a
Brute
.
since
the
desire
of
Food
is
common
to
us
with
Beasts
.
But
others
alledged
such
horrid
wickedness
ought
severely
to
be
punished
for
a
Terror
to
others
;
Upon
which
she
was
led
to
the
common
place
of
Justice
,
her
head
was
cut
off
,
and
her
body
being
bound
to
a
wheel
,
was
left
as
a
spectacle
to
all
Passengers
of
the
horror
of
the
Fact
.
That
which
follows
(
saith
my
Author
)
I
cannot
write
without
Tears
,
no
man
ever
hated
his
own
flesh
,
saith
the
Scripture
,
and
such
are
the
Children
of
our
Bodies
,
so
that
it
is
even
against
nature
to
destroy
such
fruit
;
Yet
the
dreadful
sharpness
of
hunger
hath
brought
this
to
pass
;
Oh
what
is
that
miserable
necessity
which
makes
us
even
break
stone
Walls
,
which
causeth
us
to
forget
our
nearest
and
dearest
Relations
,
that
vanquishes
our
most
natural
,
and
most
powerful
Passions
,
and
tempts
us
to
destroy
that
which
we
before
so
dearly
loved
,
and
so
carefully
cherished
:
At
Oterburg
in
the
Palatinate
,
a
Widow
woman
living
near
the
Church-yard
,
her
name
well
known
,
had
a
Daughter
of
about
nine
or
ten
years
old
;
This
child
was
grown
so
faint
with
hunger
,
that
one
time
with
sorrowful
eyes
looking
upon
her
Mother
,
she
said
,
Sweet
Mother
,
I
would
willingly
dye
so
I
were
rid
of
my
The
Terrible
Prodigies
during
the
Wars
and
Desolations
in
Germany
Page
.
125
pain
,
Oh
that
you
would
make
an
end
of
me
,
then
should
I
go
from
whence
I
came
,
or
if
I
should
kill
you
,
then
you
would
be
rid
of
your
pain
;
The
Mother
looking
earnestly
upon
her
again
,
with
a
woful
sigh
replyed
,
And
what
wouldest
thou
do
with
me
Child
;
The
Girl
very
mournfully
replyed
I
would
then
eat
you
,
for
they
say
that
mans
flesh
is
very
sweet
;
The
Mother
at
these
words
fell
a
weeping
,
and
being
wonderfully
distracted
in
her
own
thoughts
,
like
a
Ship
tossed
between
the
two
Rocks
of
Desperate
Neceffity
,
and
Motherly
Affection
;
at
length
the
first
of
them
prevailed
,
and
suddenly
catching
the
Child
by
the
head
,
and
untying
her
hairlace
,
twisteth
it
about
the
neck
of
this
innocent
Lamb
,
and
so
presently
strangled
her
,
being
dead
,
and
she
having
no
knife
to
cut
the
Body
in
pieces
,
she
took
a
Spade
,
and
therewith
hewed
it
into
Gobbets
,
and
so
dressing
the
head
,
and
part
of
the
Body
,
eat
it
up
;
Some
part
thereof
she
sold
to
her
Neighbours
for
about
six
pence
a
pound
;
Her
Child
being
long
missed
,
her
acquaintance
asked
her
where
it
was
,
and
how
she
came
by
that
Flesh
,
she
replyed
,
It
was
Hogs
flesh
which
she
had
got
of
the
Souldiers
who
passed
that
way
;
But
perceiving
the
truth
would
be
discovered
,
she
freely
confessed
all
;
whereupon
she
was
taken
and
Imprisoned
,
being
allowed
half
a
pound
of
bread
,
and
a
Kann
of
Water
a
day
till
her
sentence
;
Being
after
examined
before
the
Lords
,
she
told
them
,
That
she
was
happy
,
since
she
came
to
Prison
,
and
would
be
glad
to
lye
there
all
her
life
for
now
she
had
wherewith
to
abate
her
hunger
and
thirst
,
her
dreadful
pain
was
thereby
much
abated
:
This
so
moved
the
Judges
to
compassion
,
that
they
freed
her
from
Prison
,
and
let
her
go
as
Innocent
,
as
being
compelled
thereto
by
woful
Necessity
;
I
cannot
but
record
another
story
of
the
like
nature
;
A
Woman
of
Hornbach
having
been
newly
brought
to
bed
,
and
wanting
milk
to
nourish
her
Babe
,
she
kissed
and
imbraced
it
a
thousand
times
,
drowning
it
almost
with
her
Tears
,
and
after
a
long
Conflict
with
her
own
disturbed
Soul
,
she
killed
it
with
a
knife
,
and
afterward
dressed
and
eat
it
;
When
it
began
to
be
known
,
she
was
examined
before
the
Judges
,
who
asked
her
Why
she
killed
her
Child
,
she
answered
,
That
mighty
and
intolerable
hunger
had
forced
her
to
do
it
,
and
that
it
was
the
fruit
of
her
own
body
,
which
she
thought
she
might
better
make
use
of
,
than
of
any
other
;
However
she
was
condemned
to
dye
,
and
accordingly
executed
for
a
terror
to
others
.
I
am
even
weary
(
saith
he
)
of
these
lamentable
Relations
,
yet
more
miserable
Accidents
,
if
more
miserable
can
be
,
followed
these
;
They
traced
and
followed
the
dead
bodies
to
their
place
of
Burial
,
and
then
digging
them
out
of
their
Graves
,
dressed
and
eat
them
;
so
that
in
divers
places
,
at
Worms
especially
,
they
were
forced
to
set
watch
at
the
Church-yards
,
and
over
the
Graves
to
keep
the
dead
from
being
stolen
and
eaten
;
Yea
to
that
extremity
were
they
brought
that
some
constrained
by
hunger
,
took
Poyson
to
dispatch
themselves
,
nay
the
very
Wild
Beasts
in
Woods
were
starved
for
want
of
Prey
;
The
Earl
of
Arundel
travelling
to
Frankford
in
his
way
toward
England
,
a
Boor
or
Peasant
of
the
Countrey
being
their
Guide
,
and
having
his
Legs
bare
,
a
Fox
pursued
him
even
amidst
the
Earls
Servants
,
and
would
not
forbear
biting
of
his
Legs
and
heels
for
extream
hunger
,
till
they
gave
him
a
blow
on
the
neck
,
and
so
took
him
alive
;
The
eyes
of
the
Fox
were
sunk
in
his
head
,
his
bones
stuck
out
,
and
he
was
so
extream
lean
,
that
his
ribs
almost
clung
together
;
they
carryed
him
alive
with
them
in
the
Coach
,
and
after
a
few
days
he
dyed
;
Another
English
Gentleman
who
came
about
that
time
through
Germany
into
England
,
by
the
by-ways
thereby
to
escape
the
Souldiers
,
reported
that
Wolves
,
Foxes
,
and
other
Wild
Beasts
lay
dead
for
want
of
Food
,
and
that
in
some
Places
men
lived
only
upon
Robbery
,
and
the
spoil
of
Strangers
,
or
of
one
another
,
so
that
Thievery
was
the
only
Trade
then
practiced
among
them
.
LXIII
.
Thus
much
of
this
tremendous
Judgment
of
Famine
,
In
the
last
place
let
Pestilence
,
Sickness
and
Diseases
bring
up
the
Bere
of
this
lamentable
Scene
of
sorrow
.
These
Distempers
are
oft-times
the
Companions
or
Effects
of
War
,
it
is
very
rare
for
a
great
Army
to
stay
long
in
a
place
,
and
not
to
leave
some
Infection
behind
them
;
Beyond
the
River
Dona
,
after
the
Swedes
departure
from
thence
with
their
Forces
,
the
Plague
,
and
several
unheard
of
Diseases
swept
away
a
multitude
of
people
,
the
like
happened
in
the
Palatinate
and
Bohemia
;
After
Mastricht
was
taken
,
the
Town
and
Countrey
were
grievously
afflicted
with
Feavers
,
Fluxes
,
and
the
Pestilence
above
all
,
and
the
same
year
the
Armies
of
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
and
the
Rhinegrave
dyed
miserably
in
the
like
kind
in
Alsatia
;
The
Army
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
having
taken
Rhineberg
left
such
infection
in
Brabant
,
that
the
Inhabitants
the
year
after
were
afraid
to
live
in
their
own
Houses
;
About
the
same
time
General
Holck
being
sent
with
six
thousand
men
to
invade
Saxony
,
he
plundered
the
City
of
Leipswick
,
and
committed
as
great
outrages
as
Tillies
Army
had
done
before
,
but
such
a
Plague
overtook
both
him
and
his
Army
,
that
most
of
his
Souldiers
dyed
like
rotten
sheep
,
and
being
infected
himself
,
he
offered
six
hundred
Rix
dollars
for
a
Protestant
Minister
to
instruct
and
comfort
him
,
But
both
he
and
his
Souldiers
had
so
behaved
themselves
,
that
no
Minister
was
to
be
found
:
In
the
mean
time
all
his
Friends
and
Servants
forsook
him
,
except
his
Concubine
,
who
stayed
with
him
to
the
last
;
He
had
been
both
Protestant
and
Papist
,
but
revolted
from
both
,
so
that
being
guilty
of
his
own
perfideousness
,
and
the
execrable
Murders
and
Rapines
he
had
occasioned
,
he
dyed
utterly
despairing
of
future
happiness
;
In
the
City
of
Basil
above
Twenty
Thousand
dyed
of
the
Plague
;
Their
Popish
Neighbours
of
the
City
of
Trent
rejoyced
at
their
sufferings
,
as
being
their
Enemies
in
Religion
,
but
their
Joy
was
very
short
,
for
the
Winter
following
the
Pestilence
raged
dreadfully
among
them
,
and
though
that
City
was
not
great
,
yet
above
Three
Thousand
Persons
were
buried
out
of
it
;
This
Plague
was
extraordinary
virulent
,
and
altogether
incurable
;
Some
dyed
raging
,
others
were
killed
with
their
Carbuncles
,
others
were
swoln
and
discoloured
as
if
they
had
taken
poyson
,
and
some
dyed
most
strangely
spotted
;
If
any
Souldier
were
but
slightly
wounded
,
it
presently
turned
to
a
malignant
Ulcer
,
defying
all
means
of
Cure
;
when
the
Infection
got
into
a
Kindred
,
it
destroyed
Parents
,
Children
,
and
most
times
all
of
the
blood
;
which
demonstrates
that
a
divine
hand
was
very
conspicuous
in
this
woful
visitation
,
though
the
Food
and
Air
might
also
much
conduce
to
impoyson
the
Bodies
;
In
the
Siege
of
Hannover
above
twenty
two
thousand
People
were
buried
of
the
Sickness
,
and
had
not
it
pleased
God
hereby
to
diminish
their
numbers
,
they
had
yielded
the
Town
for
want
of
Victuals
;
In
the
same
Seige
Souldiers
who
went
seemingly
well
,
and
with
their
Eye-sight
upon
the
Guard
,
came
off
again
in
a
few
hours
struck
stark
blind
,
even
Thirty
at
a
time
were
thus
afflicted
,
but
the
Disease
afterward
falling
into
their
Legs
,
most
of
them
recovered
.
About
this
time
almost
all
Germany
felt
this
punishment
in
a
grievous
manner
;
In
Swaben
,
Tyrol
,
and
all
along
the
Rivers
of
Rhine
and
Main
,
the
Plague
raged
furiously
;
The
King
of
Hungary
was
fain
to
dissolve
his
Court
,
and
send
his
Servants
away
to
other
Cities
for
their
security
;
The
Inhabitants
of
Memingen
,
Campden
,
and
Isnen
in
Swaben
were
utterly
consumed
,
and
none
left
alive
;
In
the
Countrey
thereabout
formerly
inhabited
by
above
Thirty
Thousand
men
,
there
were
not
Four
hundred
Souls
to
be
found
;
In
the
Confines
of
Bavaria
the
living
were
not
sufficient
to
bury
the
dead
,
but
Rats
and
Mice
devoured
their
Carcases
to
the
great
horror
of
Passingers
;
Holland
and
the
Low
Countreys
smarted
very
sore
likewise
;
The
University
of
Leyden
buried
Thirty
Thousand
;
The
Countrey
Villages
and
the
Hague
were
miserably
afflicted
,
and
also
Brussels
and
Antwerp
;
The
Cities
of
Nimegen
,
Emerick
,
Rees
,
Guelders
with
other
places
neer
,
were
not
only
visited
therewith
,
(
whereof
the
Marquess
of
Avtona
the
Spanish
General
,
and
other
Commanders
dyed
)
but
there
happened
new
contagious
Diseases
,
among
others
,
strange
Fluxes
,
and
a
Pox
hitherto
unknown
;
The
Emperors
Army
forraging
and
dispersing
themselves
all
over
the
Countrey
scattered
the
Contagion
from
their
Quarters
at
Hailburn
to
the
Land
of
Wirtenburg
,
and
many
places
became
hereby
utterly
depopulated
;
But
after
Gallas
his
taking
in
the
Towns
upon
the
Rhine
,
such
an
Infection
happened
through
the
stink
of
the
dead
unburied
bodies
,
that
in
the
Bishoprick
of
Mentz
alone
there
dyed
of
this
and
Famine
Twenty
Four
Thousand
People
;
In
Saxony
,
Brandenburg
,
Pomerania
,
Mecklenburg
,
&c.
the
Pestilence
and
other
Diseases
were
so
Universal
,
that
these
and
the
Sword
seemed
to
contend
which
should
be
the
greatest
destroyers
;
It
consumed
in
Saxony
no
less
than
Sixteen
Thousand
Souls
in
two
Months
time
;
Thus
as
by
the
print
of
the
foot
of
Hercules
you
may
guess
at
his
stature
,
so
by
these
few
particulars
of
the
miseries
of
some
places
,
we
may
judge
of
the
lamentable
Condition
of
the
whole
Countrey
,
where
these
dreadful
Judgments
have
left
such
wounds
,
as
perhaps
posterity
for
some
Generations
will
see
the
scars
of
;
And
so
I
have
done
with
this
particular
Relation
of
the
Prodigies
and
Miseries
of
Germany
for
several
years
,
and
shall
now
proceed
more
generally
according
to
my
former
method
.
LIV.
In
the
year
1638.
Six
Suns
were
seen
at
once
in
Cornwall
,
and
several
Apparitions
of
men
in
the
Heavens
preparing
to
fight
with
each
other
;
Also
Navys
of
Ships
were
visible
in
the
Sky
;
The
Scots
at
this
time
make
an
Insurrection
,
the
King
goes
in
Person
to
appease
them
,
they
renounce
the
Bishops
and
Prelacy
,
and
set
up
Presbytery
in
Scotland
;
In
this
year
1638.
happened
a
terrible
Earthquake
in
the
Island
of
St.
Michael
one
of
the
Agores
,
or
Tercera's
belonging
to
the
Spaniard
in
the
Atlantick
Ocean
Westward
;
Upon
June
26.
〈◊〉
Island
began
universaly
to
quake
and
tremble
〈◊〉
which
continued
eight
days
,
so
that
the
People
leaving
the
Cities
,
Towns
and
Castles
,
were
forced
to
〈◊〉
in
the
open
Fields
:
After
which
this
Pr●●digy
succeeded
;
Six
miles
distant
from
the
〈◊〉
or
Pick
of
〈◊〉
,
at
a
place
called
〈◊〉
,
where
Fishermen
with
their
Boats
use
to
fish
in
Summer
,
They
at
this
time
caught
such
a
multitude
,
that
no
Boat
returned
with
less
than
Ten
Thousand
Fish
;
At
this
very
place
in
July
this
year
,
Fire
broke
forth
with
such
unexpressable
violence
,
notwithstanding
the
depth
of
the
Ocean
,
which
had
been
fathomed
one
hundred
and
twenty
foot
deep
,
that
the
very
Sea
it self
was
not
sufficient
to
extinguish
such
mighty
flames
;
The
space
of
this
boyling
Fire
was
about
two
Acres
,
and
the
Fire
arose
with
such
mighty
force
,
that
it
reached
even
to
the
clouds
,
carrying
with
it
Water
,
Sand
,
Earth
,
Stones
,
and
much
other
matter
,
which
like
Feather-beds
flew
into
the
Air
to
the
terror
of
the
Beholders
afar
off
,
and
falling
down
again
into
the
water
,
resembled
a
kind
of
Pultis
or
Frumeatie
;
and
had
not
the
Wind
by
divine
Providence
blown
off
from
the
Isle
into
the
Sea
,
and
thereby
driven
back
this
outragious
Fire
,
without
doubt
the
whole
Countrey
had
been
utterly
burnt
up
and
destroyed
by
this
formidable
Combustion
;
soon
after
it
cast
forth
stones
of
so
vast
a
bigness
,
to
the
height
of
above
three
lances
,
that
they
seemed
rather
like
entire
Mountains
than
Stones
,
which
in
their
fall
meeting
and
dashing
against
others
they
broke
into
a
Thousand
pieces
,
with
a
terrible
noise
and
Ratling
,
which
afterward
being
taken
up
mouldred
into
a
black
Sand.
Moreover
out
of
this
vast
quantity
of
matter
thrown
out
,
a
new
Island
arose
even
in
the
midst
of
the
deep
Ocean
;
In
the
beginning
it
was
not
above
five
Acres
,
but
increasing
continually
in
four
days
after
,
it
took
up
the
length
of
five
mile
;
so
vast
a
multitude
of
fish
perished
by
this
burning
,
that
eight
Ships
of
Jndia
could
hardly
contain
them
,
and
being
dispersed
about
all
parts
of
the
Island
were
gathered
together
,
and
buried
in
deep
Ditches
by
the
Inhabitants
for
eighteen
miles
round
about
to
prevent
any
Contagion
which
might
arise
from
them
,
but
the
Sulphur
or
Brimstone
was
smelt
twenty
four
miles
.
This
year
the
Hollanders
beat
the
Spanish
Fleet
upon
the
Coast
of
England
.
LXV
.
The
same
year
,
1638.
the
Learned
Kircherus
made
a
search
and
discovery
into
the
burning
Mountain
of
Vesuvius
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
so
famous
for
fiery
Irruptions
for
many
Ages
,
which
being
one
of
the
most
tremendous
Miracles
of
Nature
I
shall
relate
in
his
own
words
;
After
so
great
Dangers
sustained
by
Sea
and
Land
in
diligently
searching
out
the
incredible
power
of
nature
working
in
Burroughs
and
Passages
under
ground
,
I
had
a
great
desire
to
inform
my self
concerning
Vesuvius
,
I
went
therefore
to
Porticus
(
the
Porch
or
Entrance
)
a
Town
scituate
at
the
Foot
of
the
Mountain
,
where
hiring
an
honest
Countreyman
for
a
true
and
skilful
Companion
,
and
guide
in
the
way
,
not
without
a
considerable
reward
,
I
ascended
the
Mountain
at
midnight
through
,
difficult
,
rough
,
uneven
,
and
steep
Passages
;
when
I
came
to
the
top
or
mouth
I
saw
what
is
horrible
to
be
expressed
;
I
saw
it
all
over
of
a
light
Fire
with
a
dreadful
combustion
,
and
stench
of
Sulphur
and
burning
Bitumen
;
whereat
being
astonished
,
methoughts
I
beheld
the
habitation
of
Hell
,
wherein
nothing
seemed
to
be
wanting
but
the
Apparitions
of
Ghosts
,
Devils
,
and
damned
Spirits
;
I
then
observed
horrible
bellowings
and
roarings
in
the
mountain
,
and
unexpressible
stink
,
smoaks
mixt
with
darkish
Globes
of
Fire
,
which
both
the
bottom
and
sides
of
the
Mountain
continually
belched
forth
from
eleven
several
places
,
and
made
me
belch
,
and
ready
to
vomit
;
O
the
depth
of
the
riches
of
the
wisdom
and
knowledge
of
God!
How
incomprehensible
are
thy
ways
!
If
thou
shewest
thy
power
against
the
wickedness
of
mankind
in
such
formidable
and
portentous
Prodigies
and
Omens
of
nature
?
What
shall
it
be
in
that
last
day
wherein
the
Earth
shall
be
destroyed
by
thy
wrath
,
and
the
Elements
shall
melt
with
fervent
heat
?
In
the
morning
as
soon
as
it
was
light
,
that
I
might
with
the
more
diligence
,
search
into
the
Bowels
of
the
Mountain
,
I
chose
a
place
to
set
my
feet
secure
upon
,
which
was
an
huge
Rock
,
plain
on
the
top
,
where
talting
forth
my
Pantometer
(
or
Vniversal
Measure
)
I
took
the
dimensions
of
the
Mountain
,
and
found
by
Geometrical
Computation
,
the
compass
of
the
Mouth
to
be
almost
three
hundred
paces
,
but
the
depth
thereof
eight
hundred
paces
;
The
Mountain
was
every
where
up
and
down
cragged
,
and
broken
,
yet
no
gradual
declining
,
for
any
passage
to
the
inward
parts
,
but
descended
in
its
compass
of
an
equal
bigness
like
a
Well
,
and
although
the
bottom
seemed
narrower
,
yet
I
judged
it
only
to
proceed
from
the
exceeding
great
depth
and
distance
from
our
sight
;
In
the
very
middle
of
the
bottom
,
Nature
seemed
to
have
made
a
Shop
or
Workhouse
of
Fire
,
with
everlasting
gushings
forth
and
streamings
of
smoak
and
flames
,
which
seem
to
be
imployed
for
boyling
of
Sulphur
,
Bitumen
,
and
other
Minerals
in
preparation
for
deadly
ruins
and
slaughters
afterward
to
be
committed
,
since
the
vapours
contained
therein
not
having
room
,
endeavour
to
free
themselves
with
such
great
force
and
violence
,
accompanyed
with
horrible
cracklings
and
noise
,
that
the
Mountain
seems
to
be
tost
with
an
Earthquake
or
trembling
,
upon
which
the
higher
and
softer
parts
of
the
Mountain
that
are
clung
together
of
Ashes
,
Cinders
,
Rains
,
and
other
Refuses
of
Minerals
being
shook
in
pieces
,
and
loosned
by
this
quaking
,
and
so
falling
like
Hills
into
the
bottom
of
this
Hellish
Gulph
,
cause
such
terrible
noises
as
are
often
heard
,
which
are
so
great
and
fearful
as
may
daunt
the
most
stout
and
couragious
Spirit
;
The
matter
which
was
continually
belched
forth
from
the
center
or
bottom
of
the
Mountain
made
as
it
were
a
new
Mountain
,
which
had
wonderful
variety
of
Furrows
or
hollow
Channels
,
with
various
kinds
of
melted
Minerals
,
formed
as
it
were
by
the
ingenious
Pencil
of
Nature
,
sometimes
of
a
greenish
colour
from
Brass
;
then
yellow
from
Sulphur
,
Arsnick
,
and
Sandarack
;
presently
after
Red
from
Cinabar
,
Red-Lead
and
Vermilion
;
afterward
Black
from
Vitriol
mixt
with
water
,
or
of
an
Ashy
colour
from
the
very
Cinders
.
Thus
far
the
laborious
Kircher
.
LXVI
.
Hear
now
what
our
ingenious
Countryman
Mr.
G.
Sandys
relates
of
this
fiery
Mountain
Vesuvius
,
It
is
scituate
in
Campania
Faelix
,
about
eight
miles
from
Naples
,
which
City
hath
received
great
injuries
and
prejudices
by
its
Cinders
,
and
violent
throwing
out
of
stones
even
to
its
Walls
and
Houses
;
This
Mountain
has
vast
Fountains
of
Fire
,
and
was
heretofore
high
on
every
side
before
the
inward
parts
were
consumed
;
it
usually
utters
smoak
by
day
,
but
by
night
,
Flames
;
its
manner
is
to
send
forth
a
loud
sounding
or
roaring
noise
and
bellowing
first
,
and
then
to
belch
forth
a
huge
quantity
of
Cinders
to
the
great
danger
of
those
who
pass
by
,
but
if
a
vehement
wind
blow
upon
it
,
the
Ashes
or
Cinders
are
raised
so
high
and
driven
so
far
in
length
,
that
't
is
certain
they
have
sometimes
been
carried
as
far
as
Constantinople
though
many
hundred
miles
distance
,
and
so
affrighted
them
that
they
have
all
ran
to
their
Prayers
to
implore
the
averting
of
Divine
Wrath
;
The
Mountain
hath
a
double
top
,
that
toward
the
North
ends
in
a
Plain
,
the
other
toward
the
South
aspires
higher
,
which
when
covered
with
Clouds
,
prognosticates
rain
to
the
Neopolitans
,
In
the
top
there
is
a
large
deep
hollow
in
form
of
an
Amphitheater
,
in
the
midst
is
a
Pit
which
leads
into
the
Entrails
of
the
Earth
,
the
matter
thrown
up
is
ruddy
,
light
and
soft
,
the
uttermost
brow
of
the
Hill
flourishes
with
Trees
,
and
excellent
Pasturage
,
the
midst
is
shaded
with
Chesnut
Trees
and
others
,
bearing
divers
fruits
;
The
lower
parts
are
admirably
clothed
with
Vines
which
afford
the
best
Greek
Wines
in
the
World
;
It
hath
at
divers
times
made
dreadful
Eruptions
and
Devastations
which
(
as
well
as
Mount
Aetna
of
which
hereafter
)
have
been
accounted
ominous
,
and
to
portend
some
woful
Calamities
to
ensue
.
But
never
any
thing
appeared
so
horrible
(
faith
my
Author
)
as
what
happened
in
the
Reign
of
the
Emperor
Titus
eighty
years
after
Christ
,
For
then
it
disgorged
such
boyling
Waves
and
Flouds
of
Fire
as
consumed
the
Neighbouring
Cities
;
And
then
it
was
that
Pliny
the
Second
,
that
great
searcher
into
Nature
,
and
the
famous
Author
of
the
Natural
History
,
and
then
Admiral
of
the
Roman
Navy
,
being
desirous
to
discover
the
reason
thereof
,
was
choaked
and
suffocated
in
approaching
too
near
to
discover
so
great
a
mystery
of
Nature
,
yet
not
wilfully
I
suppose
,
though
some
Authors
●●sert
that
he
threw
himself
into
it
,
because
he
could
not
understand
the
natural
cause
of
〈…〉
Condagration
;
At
that
time
there
issued
〈◊〉
so
great
a
〈◊〉
that
the
very
Sun
seemed
to
be
〈◊〉
an
〈◊〉
,
and
likewise
huge
Stones
,
and
such
plenty
of
〈◊〉
,
that
Rome
,
Africk
and
Syria
were
even
covered
with
them
,
and
besides
,
Beasts
,
Fish
,
and
Fo●l
which
were
desir●●ed
,
it
overwhelmed
Herculan●
and
Pumptins
two
adioyning
Cities
with
Pumi●e
Stones
,
together
with
all
the
People
sitting
in
the
Theater
;
There
were
also
heard
dismal
noises
all
about
the
Province
,
and
Giants
of
incredible
bigness
were
seen
to
stalk
up
and
down
the
top
and
edges
of
the
Mountains
(
if
the
Peoples
san●ies
were
not
imposed
upon
〈◊〉
their
astonishment
)
which
extraordinary
〈…〉
was
judged
either
a
cause
,
or
Presage
of
a
〈…〉
which
reigned
in
Rome
and
Italy
long
〈…〉
the
Roman
Historian
relates
,
〈◊〉
the
〈…〉
transported
in
the
Air
,
obsoured
and
darkned
●●l
Europe
,
and
that
the
Inhabitants
〈…〉
wonderfully
affrighted
therewith
,
〈…〉
their
Emperor
Leo
forsook
the
City
,
and
that
in
memorial
of
the
same
they
celebrated
yearly
the
12
of
November
;
It
likewise
burnt
in
the
6
year
of
Constantine
the
Fourth
,
and
groaned
,
but
ejected
no
Cinders
;
Platina
writes
,
that
it
flamed
in
685
,
prognosticating
the
Death
of
Pope
Benedict
2.
with
the
insuing
Slaughters
,
Rapines
,
and
Deaths
of
Princes
;
During
the
Papacy
of
Benedict
8
,
and
9.
it
is
said
to
have
done
the
like
,
and
though
it
hath
made
divers
dreadful
devastations
,
yet
the
fruitful
Ashes
thrown
about
did
seem
to
repair
the
foregoing
losses
with
a
quick
and
marvellous
fruitfulness
;
At
the
foot
of
the
Hill
there
are
divers
holes
and
vents
,
out
of
which
exceeding
cold
winds
do
continually
issue
,
and
which
at
Padua
they
let
into
their
Rooms
at
pleasure
,
to
qualifie
the
heat
of
Summer
;
In
the
year
1610
in
February
,
Vesuvius
began
to
flame
,
to
the
great
affrightment
of
the
Neapolitans
,
and
solemn
Prayers
and
Supplications
being
ordered
,
they
went
in
Procession
with
the
head
of
Januarius
their
Patron
,
and
the
defender
of
their
City
carryed
before
them
;
whereby
the
deluded
people
were
perswaded
that
the
destruction
which
hung
over
their
heads
was
prevented
,
In
1631
was
a
new
Eruption
,
and
again
in
1635
was
an
Earthquake
in
〈◊〉
.
LXVII
.
In
the
year
1633
likewise
the
industrious
Kircher
made
a
discovery
of
the
Phlegrean
,
or
Fiery
Plains
in
the
Fields
of
〈◊〉
near
Naples
,
which
being
another
wonderful
Prodigy
of
Nature
,
may
be
worth
relating
;
Passing
by
Naples
(
saith
he
)
I
could
not
let
slip
the
opportunity
of
inquiring
and
looking
into
those
Sulphurous
Plains
so
much
celebrated
in
all
Ages
;
Having
therefore
gone
through
a
Passage
under
ground
,
called
the
Grotte
,
arched
and
made
hollow
,
to
the
Mountain
Pausilippus
;
not
far
from
Puteoli
,
between
the
Jaws
of
the
Mountains
a
large
Plain
presents
it self
to
view
,
altogether
dreadful
and
full
of
horrour
,
in
length
about
Twelve
hundred
Foot
,
in
breadth
a
Thousand
;
The
whole
Plain
is
surrounded
with
Hills
of
high
and
steep
Rocks
,
which
were
formerly
very
lofty
,
but
are
since
devoured
by
perpetual
Fires
;
In
the
bottom
little
hills
are
seen
to
burn
and
flame
,
with
a
strong
smell
of
Brimstone
which
is
carryed
by
the
Winds
through
all
the
Neighbouring
Regions
,
even
as
far
as
Naples
,
some
parts
of
the
Plain
have
an
infinite
number
of
holes
,
and
are
yellow
with
a
Sulphurish
matter
;
the
ground
when
it
is
touched
by
those
who
walk
thereon
,
sounds
and
rattles
like
a
Drum
by
reason
of
the
hollowness
thereof
,
and
you
may
feel
as
it
were
,
not
without
astonishment
,
boyling
waters
under
your
feet
,
and
thick
fiery
fumes
to
hiss
and
flow
from
one
place
to
another
with
a
great
crackling
noise
through
the
Pipes
and
Passages
under
ground
which
are
made
by
these
fiery
Exhalations
;
the
force
of
this
is
very
great
as
you
may
experience
by
stopping
any
of
these
holes
with
an
heavy
stone
,
or
the
like
;
for
then
you
shall
observe
the
violence
of
the
smoak
presently
to
throw
it
up
,
and
belch
it
forth
again
;
But
an
huge
Laky
Ditch
in
the
same
plain
did
wonderfully
affect
me
;
It
is
full
of
boyling
waters
,
very
frightful
for
their
blackness
,
that
one
would
imagine
it
were
a
Kettle
,
or
Caldron
boyling
with
Pitch
and
Rosin
;
It
is
likewise
admirable
,
that
the
swallowing
Gulph
casts
forth
these
boyling
waters
eight
or
ten
foot
above
a
mans
height
,
in
the
fashion
of
a
spire
Steeple
,
or
Pyramid
;
In
the
Mount●●ns
and
Rocks
wherewith
this
Vulcanian
Plain
is
incompassed
,
there
are
Pas●a●es
like
Ch●mneys
,
some
whereof
breath
out
a
continual
Wind
,
with
a
terrible
sound
and
ra●ling
and
also
with
such
strength
,
that
if
you
cast
a
stone
thereinto
,
it
is
struck
back
again
to
your
hand
with
great
fury
;
some
of
these
breathing
holes
dart
forth
smoak
mixt
with
flames
;
you
would
here
think
your self
almost
in
the
midst
of
Hell
,
where
all
things
appear
horrid
,
sad
,
and
lamentable
,
and
you
are
even
struck
bre●●hless
with
the
stench
of
Sulphur
,
Bitumen
,
Napthe
,
and
other
Earths
,
Clays
,
Marls
and
Minerals
;
We
must
not
here
omit
Mr.
Sandys
his
Relation
of
a●most
memorable
Earthquake
,
and
burning
which
happened
near
the
City
Puteoli
in
1538.
with
the
new
formed
Mountain
;
For
the
famous
Lake
Lucrinus
hard
by
,
extended
formerly
to
the
deadly
Sulphurous
Lake
Avernus
,
supposed
the
entrance
into
Hell
by
ignorant
Antiquity
,
where
they
offered
Infernal
Sacrifices
to
Pluto
their
God
of
Hell
,
and
to
the
Manes
or
Ghosts
of
their
deceased
Friends
,
who
were
there
said
to
have
returned
answers
to
what
was
demanded
of
them
:
This
place
is
now
only
a
little
watry
plash
,
choaked
up
by
the
horrible
and
astonishing
eruption
of
a
new
Mountain
,
whereof
as
often
as
I
think
,
I
am
apt
to
give
credit
to
whatsoever
is
wonderful
;
For
who
is
there
in
this
place
but
knows
,
or
who
elsewhere
will
believe
,
that
a
Mountain
should
arise
partly
out
of
a
Lake
,
and
partly
out
of
the
Sea
,
in
one
day
and
a
night
to
such
a
height
,
as
to
contend
in
altitude
with
the
highest
Mountains
adjoyning
,
yet
so
it
was
;
For
Sept.
29.
1538.
the
Countrey
hereabout
having
for
several
days
before
been
tormented
with
perpetual
Earthquakes
,
that
no
one
house
was
left
intire
,
but
all
men
expected
an
immediate
ruin
;
After
the
Sea
had
retired
two
hundred
Paces
from
the
Shoar
,
leaving
abundance
of
Fish
and
Springs
of
fresh
water
rising
in
the
bottom
,
this
Mountain
visibly
ascended
about
the
second
hour
of
the
night
,
with
an
hideous
roaring
noise
,
horribly
vomiting
Stones
,
and
such
store
of
Cinders
,
as
overwhelmed
all
the
buildings
thereabout
and
the
healthful
Baths
of
Tripergula
celebrated
for
so
many
Ages
,
consuming
the
Vines
to
Ashes
,
and
killing
Birds
and
Beasts
;
The
fearful
Inhabitants
of
Puteoli
flying
away
in
the
dark
,
with
their
Wives
and
Children
,
naked
,
defiled
,
crying
out
and
detesting
their
Calamities
,
Manifold
mischiefs
had
they
suffered
by
the
Turks
,
and
Barbarians
,
yet
none
like
this
which
Nature
Inflicted
;
This
Mountain
is
to
be
seen
at
this
day
,
the
top
whereof
is
above
a
mile
from
the
Foundation
,
the
stones
upon
it
are
so
light
and
pory
,
that
they
will
not
sink
when
thrown
into
Water
;
when
it
was
newly
raised
,
it
had
a
vast
number
of
Vents
or
Issues
,
some
of
them
smoaking
and
likewise
flaming
,
others
disgorging
little
Rivers
of
hot
water
,
keeping
a
dreadful
rumbling
,
and
many
miserably
perished
who
ventured
to
go
down
into
the
hollowness
above
;
But
that
hollow
on
the
top
is
now
an
Orchard
,
and
the
Mountain
throughout
is
bereft
of
its
Terrors
,
no
more
smoak
,
fire
or
flames
issuing
any
longer
therefrom
,
But
to
return
.
LXVIII
.
A
little
before
the
Marquess
Hamilton
came
with
the
Scotch
Army
into
England
,
two
Armies
were
seen
in
York
hire
in
the
Air
,
discharging
and
shooting
against
each
other
,
and
after
a
long
fight
the
Army
which
rose
our
of
the
North
vanished
;
Likewise
about
the
same
time
at
〈◊〉
in
Northumberland
it
rained
blood
,
which
covered
the
Church
and
Church-yard
.
In
1642
,
at
the
time
of
the
bloody
Rebellion
in
Ireland
,
when
the
Papists
murthered
above
Two
Hundred
Thousand
Innocent
Protestants
without
the
least
Provocation
,
these
Prodigies
happened
in
that
Kingdom
as
they
were
deposed
upon
Gath
by
divers
Persons
ex●mined
about
the
same
;
At
Portendown
Bridge
in
the
Province
of
V●●er
,
the
Iri●h
Inhabitants
thereabout
were
so
affrighted
with
Cryes
and
Noises
made
there
by
some
Spirits
for
Revenge
,
that
they
were
forced
to
remove
their
habitations
,
not
daring
to
return
thither
again
;
Likewise
the
blood
of
some
of
those
Innocents
who
were
massacred
there
,
remained
long
upon
the
Bridge
,
and
could
not
be
washed
out
;
There
appeared
also
the
shapes
of
Men
and
Women
breast
high
above
Water
,
who
did
lamentably
and
scarfully
screech
and
cry
out
for
vengeance
against
the
Iri●h
who
had
murthered
their
Bodies
there
;
December
20.
1641.
the
bloody
Rebels
having
at
one
time
drowned
one
hundred
and
fourscore
Protestant
Men
,
Women
and
Children
in
this
River
by
the
Bridge
,
about
nine
days
after
a
Spirit
in
the
shape
of
a
man
appeared
in
that
place
breast
high
above
the
Water
,
with
his
hands
lifted
up
,
standing
in
that
posture
several
times
,
till
the
latter
end
of
Lent
next
following
,
and
was
seen
by
very
many
;
And
a
Mother
of
some
of
those
Children
who
were
drowned
there
,
going
one
Evening
to
the
Bridge
with
some
other
Women
whose
Husbands
had
likewise
been
drowned
,
upon
a
sudden
there
appeared
to
them
a
Vision
of
a
Woman
naked
to
the
wast
in
the
water
,
with
elevated
and
closed
hands
,
her
hair
hanging
down
very
white
,
her
Eyes
seeming
to
wrinkle
,
and
her
skin
as
white
as
snow
,
often
repeating
the
word
,
Revenge
,
Revenge
,
Revenge
.
Further
,
Thirty
Women
and
young
Children
,
and
Seven
men
were
flung
by
these
barbarous
Rebels
into
the
River
of
Belte●●●t
,
and
when
some
of
them
swum
for
their
Lives
toward
the
bank
,
they
were
knocked
on
the
head
with
Poles
by
these
merciless
Tygers
;
Being
dead
,
their
Bodies
appeared
not
as
usual
,
till
about
six
weeks
after
,
at
which
time
one
Mulmore
O
Rely
,
who
had
commanded
them
to
be
murdered
,
coming
to
the
place
,
all
the
Bodies
came
floating
up
to
the
Drid●e
.
Sir
C●●
Mac
Gennis
with
his
Souldiers
murthered
one
Mr.
Trug●
Minister
of
Newry
,
but
shortly
after
f●●●●ng
sick
,
upon
his
death
bed
he
was
terribly
〈…〉
,
seeming
always
to
see
the
same
Mr.
Tr●●●●●
his
presence
;
Also
Dr.
Robert
Maxwel
Archdeacon
of
Down
testifyed
upon
his
Oath
.
That
the
Rebels
themselves
assured
him
,
that
most
of
those
who
were
thrown
from
that
Bridge
were
dayly
and
nightly
seen
to
walk
upon
the
River
,
sometime
singing
Psalms
,
sometimes
brandishing
Swords
,
sometimes
skreiking
out
in
a
most
hideous
and
fearful
manner
.
LXIX
.
In
1642
,
before
the
Fight
at
Edghil
three
Suns
were
seen
in
the
North.
In
1645.
Many
other
Apparitions
were
visible
in
the
North
,
with
divers
P●●r●●●'s
or
Mocksuns
,
and
an
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
;
All
England
saith
Mr.
Gadbury
was
at
this
time
together
by
the
Ears
:
The
next
year
the
Scots
return
home
again
,
The
English
go
into
Ireland
,
and
subdue
the
Rebels
there
;
In
the
Moneth
of
May
this
year
it
rained
Brimstone
,
at
Wittenburg
in
Germany
;
and
a
great
Wood
belonging
to
the
Dukedom
of
Norimburg
,
in
that
Countrey
,
of
eight
thousand
Acres
of
Land
,
fell
on
Fire
,
and
was
burned
to
Ashes
;
In
January
1648
,
there
was
seen
a
great
Fiery
Meteor
in
the
Air
near
Bristol
on
the
Southside
of
the
City
for
divers
nights
together
,
of
a
long
form
,
with
fiery
Beams
shooting
out
East
and
West
,
which
was
but
a
week
before
the
Martyrdom
of
his
late
Majesty
;
also
the
day
before
his
Death
,
a
great
Whale
ran
himself
ashoar
three
miles
from
Do●●er
,
where
he
dyed
;
He
was
sixty
six
foot
long
,
a
thing
rarely
seen
in
this
Island
.
this
I
was
informed
〈◊〉
by
an
Eye-witness
saith
Mr.
Clark
.
I
very
well
remember
(
saith
Mr.
John
Gadbury
)
that
in
〈◊〉
year
164●
;
the
very
year
wherein
Charles
late
King
of
England
was
beheaded
,
it
was
generally
,
(
I
will
not
say
truly
)
reported
,
that
he
without
his
head
was
seen
to
hover
in
the
Air
over
Whitehall
,
the
place
where
he
suffered
,
for
many
nights
together
;
Nay
I
have
heard
some
affirm
,
That
he
was
seen
sometime
with
his
George
upon
his
Breast
in
the
manner
and
form
as
he
wore
it
when
he
came
upon
the
Scaffold
,
and
that
sometimes
again
he
was
seen
to
appear
in
his
Watchet
Wastcoat
only
;
Neither
of
these
sights
did
I
ever
see
(
saith
he
)
nor
can
enjoyn
any
ones
faith
to
believe
;
However
if
the
report
were
true
,
(
and
I
know
not
what
advantage
any
man
can
reap
by
reporting
such
things
as
these
if
they
were
not
)
it
may
very
well
be
accounted
a
thing
Prodigious
and
Remarkable
.
J.
Gadbury
.
LXX
.
In
1650.
Jan.
18.
In
the
night
time
was
a
terrible
storm
,
and
Armies
and
armed
Troops
in
every
place
for
twelve
miles
compass
about
Molton
in
Yorkshire
,
were
heard
to
ride
and
march
through
the
Towns
.
The
Cattle
and
Beasts
in
those
Places
were
so
affrighted
that
most
of
them
broke
out
of
their
Pastures
,
some
by
leaping
broke
their
necks
,
others
their
Legs
,
some
ran
away
above
four
miles
off
,
who
when
found
were
extreamly
heated
,
One
Ox
that
lay
in
a
stackyard
lame
,
and
could
not
rise
without
help
,
in
this
fright
broke
forth
,
and
was
found
a
mile
off
,
and
was
brought
home
upon
a
sled
.
In
March
following
,
3
glorious
Suns
were
seen
at
once
in
Cumberland
to
the
astonishment
of
many
Thousands
which
beheld
them
;
In
April
the
same
year
,
about
5
a
Clock
in
the
afternoon
in
the
Countys
of
Cumberland
and
Westmorland
was
a
genetal
Earthquake
wherewith
the
People
were
so
affrighted
,
that
many
of
them
forsook
their
Houses
,
and
some
Houses
were
so
shaken
,
that
the
Chimneys
fell
down
.
The
same
year
,
1650
,
the
Island
of
Santorin
,
at
the
bottom
of
the
Streights
in
the
Mediterranean
Sea
,
not
far
from
Candia
,
had
formidable
Fires
and
Earthquakes
;
This
Island
was
formerly
called
Thera
,
but
now
Santorin
,
and
started
up
out
of
the
Sea
,
for
Baronius
out
of
Pliny
thus
writes
;
In
the
year
726
a
vapour
was
seen
to
bubble
forth
out
of
a
Chimney
of
Fire
,
between
the
Islands
of
Theresia
,
or
Santorin
,
from
the
very
bottom
of
the
Sea
,
which
continued
some
days
,
and
the
Fire
and
Smoak
growing
thicker
by
degrees
,
spread
it self
abroad
with
mighty
flames
,
and
with
the
vastness
of
its
strength
,
it
cast
out
huge
Rocky
Pumice
Stones
,
and
great
heaps
of
other
matter
,
which
it
carried
through
all
Asia
,
Lesbos
,
and
Abydus
,
and
the
Sea-coasts
of
Macedonia
,
so
that
the
whole
Surface
of
the
Sea
was
covered
with
these
Pumices
;
But
in
the
middle
of
so
great
a
Fire
,
there
was
an
Island
made
from
the
heaping
up
of
that
matter
,
and
joyned
to
the
Island
,
called
The
Sacred
,
which
never
was
in
being
before
;
There
was
likewise
another
Island
next
to
this
formed
in
1570
,
not
without
great
terror
of
those
of
Santorin
;
Since
the
burning
lasted
for
a
year
,
as
some
ancient
People
who
saw
it
with
their
Eyes
did
lately
testifie
;
But
in
the
middle
of
this
smaller
new
Island
which
is
now
called
little
Camena
there
is
to
be
seen
to
this
very
day
an
huge
deep
Ditch
,
which
being
narrow
toward
the
bottom
,
grows
bigger
by
degrees
like
a
Funnel
,
out
of
which
as
out
of
a
Chimney
those
mighty
Stones
and
Rocks
did
burst
forth
,
which
being
mixt
with
Cinder
and
Ashes
composed
the
rest
of
that
Isle
.
But
if
ever
these
Fires
pent
up
in
the
●owels
of
the
Earth
exercised
their
force
,
it
was
mo●●
remarkable
upon
September
24.
1650.
which
shook
the
Island
till
the
ninth
of
October
,
with
such
mighty
and
frequent
Earthquakes
,
that
the
People
of
Santorin
fearing
that
their
immediate
ruin
was
approaching
,
were
on
their
knees
night
and
day
before
their
Altars
;
It
cannot
be
expressed
what
an
horror
invaded
all
men
,
especially
when
those
yictorious
flames
breaking
through
all
Obstacles
,
strove
to
make
themselves
a
way
through
the
midst
of
the
Waters
of
the
Ocean
about
four
miles
Eastward
from
Santorin
;
For
the
Sea
all
on
a
sudden
swelled
Thirty
Cubits
upward
,
and
extending
it self
wide
through
the
Neighbouring
Lands
,
overturned
all
in
its
way
;
Insomuch
that
it
broke
in
pieces
several
Ships
and
Galleys
in
the
very
Haven
of
Candia
,
with
its
extraordinary
violence
,
though
fourscore
miles
distant
from
thence
;
The
Air
being
darkned
with
those
sulphurous
stinking
vapours
,
put
on
innumerable
Forms
and
Appearances
,
as
of
Fiery
Lances
,
and
Swords
brandished
and
shaken
,
bright
and
glittering
Arrows
darting
forth
;
Here
terrible
Serpents
and
Dragons
seemed
to
be
flying
,
There
hideous
Thunderclaps
,
Lightnings
and
Thunderbolts
;
And
yet
they
could
scarce
see
,
for
the
Peoples
Eyes
were
so
hurt
with
those
sharp
,
pricking
,
sulphurous
smoaks
,
and
vapours
,
that
almost
all
became
blind
for
3
days
,
with
such
grievous
pains
in
their
Eyes
,
that
they
wept
continually
,
and
bewailed
their
most
miserable
Fate
;
But
when
their
eye-sight
returned
,
they
saw
all
their
Silver
and
Gold
,
both
Vessels
and
Garments
,
and
Pictures
,
spread
over
with
a
yellow
colour
;
and
such
a
vast
multitude
of
Pumice
stones
did
this
fiery
Gulph
vomit
forth
,
that
it
covered
the
Sea
,
so
that
they
could
scarce
pass
in
a
Vessel
;
It
is
most
certain
that
they
were
carryed
many
hundred
miles
,
even
to
Smyrna
and
Constantinople
,
and
all
the
Shoars
and
Coasts
were
filled
therewith
;
The
fury
of
this
Burning
wa●
greatest
for
the
first
two
Moneths
,
which
caused
the
Neighbour
Sea
to
bubble
like
a
boyling
Pot
,
and
night
and
day
huge
Globes
and
Flakes
of
Fire
,
and
exceeding
thick
smoak
mounted
up
to
the
Heavens
;
which
if
at
any
time
it
was
carryed
by
contrary
winds
to
any
places
near
at
hand
,
besides
a
most
grievous
s●ink
,
it
brought
certain
destruction
upon
Birds
and
Beasts
,
yea
,
upon
men
themselves
;
As
it
happened
in
October
and
November
this
year
,
that
fifty
Husbandmen
miserably
perished
thereby
,
besides
an
innumerable
multitude
of
Birds
,
Sheep
,
Oxen
,
and
Asses
;
The
like
happened
to
nine
Mariners
,
who
passing
that
way
in
their
ship
by
night
,
after
3
days
were
all
found
half
burnt
,
and
were
buried
in
the
Island
Nio
threescore
miles
from
Santorin
;
But
the
other
4
months
(
for
it
flamed
six
in
all
)
though
that
Hellish
Hearth
or
Furnace
abated
much
of
its
vigour
and
fierce
heat
,
and
could
scarce
lift
it self
above
the
Waves
,
yet
it
still
seemed
to
cast
out
Pumice
stones
,
and
to
be
labouring
to
form
a
new
Island
which
though
it
does
not
yet
appear
above
Water
yet
in
a
calm
Sea
,
it
is
observed
to
be
very
shallow
thereabout
,
the
Water
being
in
that
place
not
above
eight
Cubits
deep
.
LXXI
.
In
1651.
The
River
of
Sein
,
which
runs
through
Paris
in
France
swelled
so
much
,
that
all
the
Houses
near
it
were
in
danger
to
have
been
ruined
thereby
,
and
very
much
hurt
was
done
;
The
same
year
,
March
4
,
the
day
before
the
Burial
of
the
late
Prince
of
Orange
,
a
full
Tyde
of
the
Sea
broke
the
Dam
or
Bank
of
St.
Anthony
in
Holland
,
and
overflowed
all
that
part
which
is
called
Diemer
Meer
;
There
happened
likewise
thereby
,
very
great
damage
in
North-Holland
,
but
at
Amsterdam
the
water
grew
so
high
,
that
the
People
were
compelled
to
go
in
Boats
through
the
Streets
,
besides
which
,
it
came
into
their
Cellars
and
Warehouses
,
thereby
spoyling
a
vast
quantity
of
Merchandises
to
the
value
of
many
Tuns
of
Gold
.
The
same
year
Sept.
14
,
a
Prodigious
Judgment
happened
at
Bi●boa
in
Spain
,
whereof
I
have
a
Letter
by
me
written
by
a
Merchant
of
good
credit
(
saith
Mr.
Clark
)
which
thus
relates
it
.
Sir
I
presume
that
before
this
comes
to
your
hands
,
you
will
hear
of
Gods
great
Judgment
upon
this
To●●
which
hath
caused
such
a
destruction
as
is
impossible
to
bed●scribed
,
and
at
present
't
is
not
throughly
known
what
damage
it
hath
done
;
upon
the
eighth
of
this
Moneth
it
pleased
God
(
not
by
any
extraordinary
rains
from
Heaven
to
our
thinking
)
to
open
the
Mountains
like
Fountains
,
and
to
cause
the
Seaso
to
swell
,
that
in
less
than
four
hours
it
overflowed
the
Town
throughout
sixteen
foot
high
,
which
prevented
us
not
only
from
saving
our
Goods
,
but
also
with
great
hazard
of
our
lives
have
we
escaped
;
yet
many
lost
their
Lives
with
great
destruction
both
of
the
Houses
and
Walls
;
For
my
own
part
I
feared
my
life
,
for
my
house
trembled
under
me
extreamly
,
so
that
not
only
my self
,
but
my
whole
Family
had
been
destroyed
,
had
it
continued
but
a
small
time
longer
,
though
the
Water
ebbed
not
for
Twenty
four
hours
;
Many
Iron
Mills
were
destroyed
,
many
Thousand
Loads
of
Charcoal
were
carryed
away
,
many
bags
of
Wool
spoiled
;
All
their
Shops
with
their
Goods
were
much
damaged
;
God
knows
the
trouble
we
underwent
,
and
still
I
am
every
day
in
the
mud
half
my
height
,
looking
after
my
Goods
,
and
am
fain
to
keep
many
men
digging
to
find
them
,
and
am
looking
out
for
bread
to
maintain
my
Family
;
a
little
Chicken
costs
us
two
shillings
in
Spanish
Plate
;
In
brief
,
neither
Horse
,
Mule
,
Hog
,
nor
any
other
Living
Creature
that
goes
upon
the
ground
hath
escaped
drowning
,
but
only
such
as
fled
to
the
tops
of
the
Mountains
,
The
destruction
and
losses
of
●his
Town
are
unspeakable
,
the
very
pavement
and
ground
being
carryed
away
at
least
Ten
Foot
deep
,
and
the
River
hath
altered
its
Chanel
;
The
first
work
that
we
now
set
upon
(
by
command
of
Authority
)
is
to
throw
away
the
Fish
which
the
water
brought
with
it
,
which
being
tainted
,
smells
so
abominably
,
that
we
fear
it
will
bring
the
Plague
amongst
us
,
but
we
hope
by
to
morrow
night
to
throw
it
all
into
the
River
,
and
thereby
be
rid
of
this
stink
,
and
our
next
work
must
be
to
cleanse
the
River
.
LXXII
.
In
1652
,
There
was
a
great
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
,
and
Two
Eclipses
of
the
Moon
:
A
Two
handed
Sword
was
seen
in
the
Air
in
Cheshire
,
and
Armies
of
men
encountring
each
other
,
appeared
in
the
North
,
a
Comet
was
visible
in
the
Signs
Gemini
and
Taurus
from
December
11
,
to
the
30.
This
year
the
English
subdued
Scotland
,
and
beat
the
Dutch
at
Sea
;
They
beat
the
French
at
Sea
this
year
also
;
The
English
Parliament
,
firnamed
the
Long
,
are
turned
out
of
Doors
by
their
own
Army
.
In
1653
,
Oliver
Cromwell
a
private
Gentleman
by
Birth
,
but
then
General
of
the
Army
,
assumes
the
Government
of
Great
Britain
by
the
Title
of
Lord
Protector
of
England
,
Scotland
and
Ireland
;
The
King
of
the
Romans
,
and
the
Pope
in
two
years
after
dye
;
strange
and
unheard
of
Alterations
in
Law
and
Government
here
in
England
,
new
Courts
of
Justice
,
Council
of
State
,
Major
Generals
.
In
1654
was
another
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
,
and
an
Earthquake
in
the
West
of
England
;
Apparitions
are
visible
in
the
Air
in
the
North
of
England
;
A
very
great
Rain
falls
in
Bohemia
;
At
this
time
the
English
take
Jamaica
,
and
make
War
with
Spain
.
The
English
and
Swedes
unite
;
In
1655.
Castles
,
Cities
and
Towns
appear
in
the
Air
in
England
,
and
seem
to
be
besieged
,
the
different
Actions
and
Gestures
of
Men
,
both
Commanders
and
Souldiers
being
plainly
visible
;
This
year
Cardinal
Guisi
is
made
Pope
by
the
Title
of
Innocent
the
10.
The
Polanders
are
routed
by
the
Swedes
:
In
1656
,
An
Earthquake
happened
in
Cheshire
,
doing
much
harm
,
sinking
the
Ground
,
and
rending
up
many
Trees
by
the
Roots
,
to
the
great
damage
of
the
Countrey
.
In
November
a
fiery
Dragon
was
seen
in
the
Air
in
Scotland
;
This
year
the
English
land
in
Flanders
,
and
take
Mardike
from
the
Spaniards
,
they
become
angry
thereat
,
and
Wars
between
them
grow
high
;
The
King
of
Denmark
was
twice
invaded
by
the
King
of
Sweden
;
There
fell
such
abundance
of
Rain
at
Vienna
in
Germany
,
that
the
River
Danubius
swelling
above
its
banks
,
the
violence
of
the
Waters
broke
down
all
the
Bridges
,
and
most
of
their
Mills
;
Yea
,
the
Water
came
into
their
Suburbs
,
called
,
The
Jews
Suburbs
,
drowning
many
Persons
,
and
carrying
away
a
very
great
number
of
Cattel
,
and
did
so
great
mischief
to
the
Countrey
that
the
loss
was
thought
inestimable
,
there
being
sixteen
Towns
and
Villages
swept
away
by
the
Flood
.
Gadbury
de
Comet
.
LXXIII
.
In
1658
,
A
great
Whale
came
up
to
Greenwich
near
London
,
a
thing
seldom
known
before
;
This
year
Dunkirk
was
taken
by
the
English
;
Sir
Henry
Slingsby
and
Dr.
Heuit
being
condemned
by
an
High
Court
of
Justice
as
they
called
it
,
were
beheaded
at
Towerhill
,
and
Sept.
3.
following
,
which
used
to
be
a
great
day
of
Triumph
in
Olivers
Court
for
two
great
Victories
at
Dunbar
and
Worcester
,
was
turned
into
a
day
of
Mourning
by
the
Death
of
their
Protector
who
dyed
about
4
or
5
a
Clock
that
day
;
and
Richard
Cromwel
confidently
succeeds
him
in
the
Government
,
as
if
it
had
been
his
just
due
;
Nay
some
People
in
England
send
such
sugred
Addresses
to
him
,
that
he
believed
himself
to
be
what
they
flatteringly
stiled
him
:
The
King
of
Sweden
loses
much
this
year
and
dyes
.
In
1659
,
there
was
a
very
great
Inundation
in
Holland
,
which
overflowed
Thirty
Six
Thousand
Acres
of
Ground
:
Also
a
great
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
in
Scorpio
,
November
4.
Lofty
and
strange
unwonted
Winds
,
In
May
1659
,
the
Long
Parliament
returned
,
and
turned
out
Richard
Cromwell
,
but
were
soon
after
turned
out
themselves
by
Lambert
and
the
Army
;
A
Committee
of
safety
is
set
up
;
The
L.
General
Monk
being
troubled
to
behold
the
Confusions
of
the
English
Proceedings
,
marched
out
of
Scotland
,
and
after
the
Committee
of
Safety
was
fallen
,
brings
in
the
secluded
Members
of
the
Long
Parliament
,
who
soon
after
dissolve
themselves
,
and
call
another
Parliament
who
restore
His
Royal
Majesty
King
Charles
2.
to
His
just
Rights
and
Priviledges
,
whom
God
preserve
with
a
Long
and
Happy
Reign
over
us
.
Gadbury
of
Prodigies
.
LXXIV
.
In
16●0
.
Feb.
20.
At
Dantzick
in
Poland
,
when
the
Sun
was
going
down
,
there
were
seen
seven
Suns
together
very
distinctly
in
the
Heavens
,
three
of
them
coloured
,
and
three
white
,
besides
the
True
Sun
it self
,
about
which
was
a
Circle
much
like
a
Rainbow
.
In
1661.
Jan.
28.
There
is
a
Relation
that
near
Worsup
in
Nottinghamshire
there
was
an
appearance
of
a
gallant
Troop
of
Horse
marching
,
which
a
Justice
of
Peace
having
notice
of
,
related
to
a
Person
of
Honour
,
thinking
them
to
be
real
Men
and
Horses
,
but
upon
a
strict
inquiry
,
it
was
concluded
to
be
only
an
Apparition
;
The
same
Relation
says
about
that
time
,
there
happened
a
strange
and
dreadful
storm
of
Hail
at
Northampton
,
and
fire
mingled
with
the
hail
in
some
places
,
and
that
it
did
run
upon
the
ground
in
great
sheets
of
Fire
for
a
considerable
way
together
:
It
fell
upon
some
part
of
Wellinborough
Town
in
Northamptonshire
:
Upon
February
18.
this
year
very
early
in
the
morning
began
a
dreadful
storm
of
Wind
accompanied
with
Thunder
,
Lightning
,
Hail
and
Rain
,
which
killed
divers
Persons
by
the
fall
of
Houses
and
Chimneys
,
and
did
very
great
damage
in
many
places
of
England
.
In
1662
,
about
six
a
Clock
in
the
Evening
,
there
appeared
(
saith
my
Author
)
in
the
Heavens
near
Dover
,
on
the
South-side
of
the
Town
,
a
fiery
Meteor
in
the
form
of
an
Ensign
and
Banner
,
broad
at
one
end
,
and
narrow
at
the
other
,
according
to
the
Judgment
of
the
Spectators
about
14
yards
in
length
,
it
was
of
a
fiery
red
colour
,
and
flew
with
great
swiftness
from
about
the
Seamark
called
the
Devils
drop
toward
Dover
Castle
,
and
so
over
the
Castle
about
a
mile
in
length
,
winding
in
its
motion
,
and
then
gradually
vanishe
.
This
was
attested
by
the
Spectators
themselves
.
LXXV
.
In
1664.
About
the
beginning
of
December
a
Comet
appeared
in
Europe
,
the
body
whereof
was
very
large
,
and
its
Tail
of
a
very
great
length
,
it
pointed
Westward
both
as
it
arose
and
as
it
sate
,
and
this
constantly
from
the
beginning
of
its
appearance
to
the
time
of
its
vanishing
;
They
writ
from
Edenborough
,
that
it
was
very
remarkable
in
that
it
had
a
stream
issuing
from
the
side
of
it
like
a
red
flame
out
of
the
mouth
of
a
Furnace
,
and
Mr.
Gadbury
relates
that
a
Letter
which
he
received
from
Cranfeild
in
Bedfordshire
gives
an
Account
that
upon
December
27.
not
far
from
the
Comet
was
the
appearance
of
a
blue
and
purple
colour
,
all
full
of
Leprous
Spots
,
it
was
round
,
and
as
big
as
five
Moons
;
not
long
before
this
,
saith
Mr.
Gadbury
,
we
had
news
of
the
shape
of
a
black
Coffin
seen
in
the
Air
at
Hamburg
,
and
other
parts
in
Germany
and
Flanders
;
And
the
very
day
that
the
last
Prodigy
was
seen
,
saith
he
,
I
met
with
a
Letter
in
our
News-books
dated
from
Erford
in
Germany
,
Decemb.
27.
the
Contents
whereof
were
these
;
We
have
had
our
part
here
of
the
Comet
as
well
as
other
places
,
besides
which
,
here
have
been
other
terrible
Apparitions
and
noises
in
the
Air
,
as
Fires
and
Sounds
of
Canon
and
Masket-shot
,
and
here
has
likewise
appeared
several
times
the
resemblance
of
a
black
man
,
who
has
made
our
Sentinels
to
quit
and
run
away
from
their
Posts
;
Now
,
saith
he
,
though
I
have
no
great
Faith
in
Apparitions
of
this
Nature
,
as
knowing
that
Melancholy
heads
by
the
strength
of
Fancy
and
Imagination
,
may
conceit
they
see
such
things
that
really
are
not
;
yet
when
such
Fancies
shall
really
possess
the
General
Opinion
,
it
is
to
be
presumed
that
something
more
than
common
,
will
befall
mankind
,
and
our
fears
do
seem
to
prepare
us
for
the
embraces
of
that
mischief
we
dread
.
This
year
began
a
War
with
the
Hollanders
and
His
Majesties
Fleet
off
Portsmouth
took
an
hundred
and
twelve
Ships
small
and
great
from
the
Dutch
,
most
of
which
were
adjudged
Lawful
Prize
.
A
Mountains
of
Cinders
B
The
Eruptions
C
The
Castle
of
Catania
D
River
of
Fire
runs
into
if
sea
The
Lamentable
Irruption
of
Aetna
the
Burning
Mountain
in
1669.
Page
.
161.
LXXVI
.
And
here
I
cannot
omit
what
I
find
related
in
the
History
of
Ceilon
an
Island
in
the
East-Indies
,
published
by
Captain
Robert
Knox
,
who
was
a
Captive
there
for
near
Twenty
years
;
It
happened
,
saith
he
that
in
December
1664.
there
was
a
dangerous
Rebellion
in
this
Countrey
against
their
King
,
about
which
time
there
appeared
a
fearful
Blazing
Star
;
Just
at
the
instant
of
this
Rising
the
Star
was
right
over
our
heads
,
and
one
thing
I
very
much
wondred
at
,
that
whereas
before
this
Insurrection
the
Tail
stood
away
toward
the
West
,
from
whence
this
Rebellion
sprung
,
yet
the
very
night
after
,
for
I
well
observed
it
,
the
Tail
was
turned
and
stood
away
toward
the
East
,
and
by
degrees
it
diminished
quite
away
;
At
this
time
I
say
,
the
People
of
this
Land
having
been
long
and
sore
oppressed
by
this
Kings
unreasonable
and
cruel
Government
,
contrived
a
Plot
against
him
:
He
used
to
shed
a
great
deal
of
blood
without
the
least
Reason
,
his
Cruelty
appearing
both
in
the
Tortures
and
painful
deaths
which
he
inflicted
,
and
in
the
extents
of
his
punishments
in
destroying
whole
Families
for
the
miscarriage
of
one
Person
;
For
when
he
is
displeased
with
any
,
he
does
not
always
command
to
kill
them
outright
,
but
first
to
torment
them
,
which
is
done
by
cutting
and
pulling
away
their
flesh
with
Pincers
,
burning
them
with
hot
Irons
clapt
to
them
to
make
them
confess
their
Confederates
,
whereby
they
many
times
confess
more
than
they
ever
saw
or
knew
to
be
rid
of
their
Torments
;
After
Confession
he
sometimes
commands
to
hang
their
two
hands
about
their
necks
,
and
to
make
them
eat
their
own
flesh
,
and
Mothers
to
eat
their
own
Children
,
and
so
to
lead
them
through
the
City
in
publick
view
to
terrifie
all
,
to
the
place
of
Execution
,
the
Dogs
following
to
eat
them
;
who
are
so
accustomed
to
it
,
that
seeing
a
Prisoner
led
away
,
they
follow
after
;
At
the
place
of
Execution
,
there
are
some
always
sticking
upon
Poles
,
others
hanging
up
in
Quarters
upon
Trees
,
besides
what
lye
killed
by
Elephants
on
the
ground
,
or
by
other
ways
;
His
wrath
is
not
appeased
(
as
aforementioned
)
by
the
Execution
of
the
Malefactor
,
but
oft
times
he
punisheth
all
his
Generation
,
it
may
be
he
kills
them
altogether
,
or
gives
them
all
away
for
Slaves
;
so
far
is
he
from
regarding
the
good
of
his
Countrey
,
that
he
rather
endeavours
the
destruction
thereof
,
for
being
now
between
seventy
and
eighty
years
old
,
therefore
Nature
tells
him
he
must
leave
it
;
However
there
is
no
love
lost
between
the
King
and
his
People
,
which
occasioned
them
to
enter
into
the
aforesaid
Conspiracy
against
him
;
The
Design
was
to
assault
the
Kings
Court
in
the
night
,
and
to
slay
him
,
and
make
the
Prince
his
Son
King
,
He
being
then
about
15
years
of
Age
,
and
was
with
his
Mother
the
Queen
in
the
City
of
Cande
;
The
time
appointed
to
Act
it
was
Decemb.
20.
1664
,
at
twelve
a
Clock
at
night
,
and
having
got
about
two
hundred
men
,
(
not
needing
any
more
.
)
since
they
had
so
many
Confederates
at
Court
,
in
the
dead
of
the
night
,
they
came
marching
into
the
City
of
Nillemby
where
the
King
then
was
,
The
Captain
of
the
Watch
was
thought
to
be
of
their
Party
,
but
if
he
were
not
,
it
was
not
in
his
power
to
resist
them
,
however
he
was
afterward
executed
for
it
,
Being
entred
the
City
,
they
hastened
down
to
the
Court
,
and
fell
upon
the
Great
men
who
lay
then
without
the
Palace
,
upon
the
Guard
;
Many
who
were
not
intrusted
with
the
Design
were
killed
,
and
those
that
could
make
their
escape
,
got
in
unto
the
King
,
who
was
secured
only
with
a
Clay
wall
thatched
,
which
was
all
his
strength
;
yet
these
People
were
afraid
to
assault
his
Person
,
lying
still
till
the
morning
;
At
which
time
the
King
made
his
escape
unto
the
Mountains
with
only
Fifty
Persons
,
There
were
some
Horses
went
with
him
,
but
the
ways
were
so
bad
,
that
he
could
not
ride
;
They
were
fain
to
drive
an
Elephant
before
him
to
break
the
way
through
the
Woods
,
that
the
King
with
his
Followers
might
pass
.
As
he
fled
,
the
Conspirators
pursued
him
,
but
at
a
great
distadce
for
fear
of
some
exceellent
Fowling
Pieces
which
he
had
with
him
,
and
so
he
got
safe
to
the
Mountain
Gauluda
about
15
miles
off
,
where
many
of
the
Inhabitants
thereabout
resorted
to
him
;
But
if
the
Rebel
Party
had
been
resolute
,
who
were
the
greater
number
,
even
almost
all
the
Kingdom
,
this
Hill
could
not
have
secured
him
,
but
they
might
have
driven
him
from
thence
,
there
being
many
ways
by
which
they
might
have
ascended
.
The
People
having
thus
driven
away
,
the
old
King
marched
away
to
the
City
of
Cande
,
and
proclaimed
the
Prince
to
be
King
,
telling
us
English
,
that
what
they
had
done
was
not
rashly
,
but
upon
good
Consideration
and
advice
,
the
King
by
his
evil
Government
having
occasioned
it
,
who
went
about
to
destroy
both
them
and
their
Countrey
;
As
in
detaining
Ambassadors
;
hindering
of
all
Trade
,
making
Prisoners
of
all
people
that
come
upon
his
Land
,
and
killing
his
Subjects
and
their
Children
,
not
suffering
them
to
enjoy
,
nor
to
see
their
Wives
;
And
that
all
this
was
contrary
to
reason
,
and
as
they
were
informed
to
the
Government
of
other
Countreys
;
The
Prince
being
young
and
tender
,
and
having
never
been
out
of
the
Pallace
,
nor
ever
seen
any
but
those
that
attended
on
his
Person
,
was
affinghted
to
see
so
many
coming
,
and
bowing
down
to
him
,
and
telling
him
that
he
was
King
,
and
his
Father
was
fled
into
the
Mountains
;
neither
did
he
say
or
act
any
thing
,
as
not
owning
the
business
,
or
else
not
knowing
what
to
say
or
do
;
This
much
discouraged
the
Rebels
,
to
see
they
had
no
Thanks
for
their
pains
,
and
so
all
things
stood
till
,
D●●emo
.
25.
1664
,
at
which
time
they
intended
to
march
and
fall
upon
the
old
King
;
But
in
the
mean
time
the
Kings
Sister
flyes
away
with
the
Prince
from
the
City
,
into
the
Countrey
near
the
King
,
which
so
amazed
the
Rebels
,
that
the
Money
,
Cloth
and
plunder
which
they
had
taken
,
and
were
going
to
distribute
to
strangers
to
joyn
with
them
,
they
scattered
about
the
Town
,
and
fled
away
;
Others
of
their
Company
seeing
the
business
was
overthrown
,
to
make
amends
for
their
former
Fact
,
revolted
and
fell
upon
their
Consorts
,
killing
and
taking
Prisoners
all
they
could
;
The
People
were
now
all
up
in
Arms
against
each
other
,
killing
whom
they
pleased
,
(
only
saying
they
were
Rebels
)
and
taking
their
Goods
;
By
this
time
a
great
Man
had
drawn
out
his
Souldiers
into
the
Field
,
and
declared
for
the
old
King
,
and
so
went
to
seize
the
Rebels
that
were
scattered
abroad
;
but
understanding
they
were
all
fled
,
and
no
wh●le
Party
or
Body
left
to
resist
him
,
he
marched
into
the
City
,
killing
all
he
could
catch
;
And
so
all
revolted
,
and
came
back
to
the
King
again
,
whilst
he
only
lay
still
upon
his
Mountain
;
The
King
needed
to
take
no
care
to
seize
or
execute
the
Rebels
,
for
they
themselves
out
of
their
zeal
to
him
,
and
to
make
amends
for
what
was
past
,
imprisoned
,
and
killed
all
they
met
,
the
Plunder
being
their
own
;
This
continued
8
of
10
days
,
which
the
King
hearing
of
,
commanded
to
kill
no
more
,
but
only
to
imprison
them
till
examination
,
which
was
not
so
much
to
save
the
Innocent
,
as
that
he
might
torment
the
Rebels
,
and
make
them
confess
their
Confederates
,
for
he
spared
none
that
seemed
guilty
,
and
some
to
this
day
lye
chained
in
Prison
,
being
sequestred
of
all
their
Estates
,
and
beg
for
their
Living
;
The
King
could
not
be
insensible
but
that
it
was
his
rigorous
Government
which
occasioned
this
Rebellion
,
yet
amended
it
not
in
the
least
,
but
like
Rehoboam
added
yet
more
to
the
Peoples
yoke
:
And
being
thus
safely
reinstated
in
his
Kingdom
again
,
and
observing
that
the
Life
of
his
Son
gave
incouragement
to
the
Rebellion
,
he
resolved
for
the
future
to
prevent
it
by
taking
him
away
,
and
about
a
year
after
,
his
Son
being
sick
,
the
Hing
takes
this
Opportunity
to
dispatch
him
,
by
pretending
to
send
Physick
to
him
to
cure
him
,
but
was
really
Poyson
,
which
soon
made
an
end
of
him
;
The
People
hearing
of
the
death
of
the
Prince
,
according
to
the
Custom
of
that
Countrey
when
any
of
the
Royal
Blood
dye
,
came
all
in
General
toward
the
City
where
he
was
,
with
black
,
or
else
very
dirty
Cloths
,
which
is
their
mourning
,
the
men
all
bare-headed
,
the
Women
with
their
hair
loose
and
hanging
about
their
Shoulders
to
mourn
and
lament
for
the
Death
of
their
young
Prince
;
which
the
King
hearing
of
,
sent
them
word
,
That
since
it
was
not
his
Fortune
to
live
to
sit
on
the
Throne
after
him
,
and
Reign
over
the
Land
,
it
would
be
but
in
vain
to
mourn
and
a
great
trouble
and
hindrance
to
the
Countrey
,
and
their
voluntary
good
will
was
taken
in
as
good
part
us
the
mourning
it self
,
and
so
dismist
the
Assembly
,
and
burned
the
Princes
dead
body
without
Ceremonies
or
Solemnities
;
but
one
thing
there
is
that
argues
him
guilty
of
Imprudence
,
and
horrible
Ingratitude
,
that
most
of
those
who
went
along
with
him
when
he
fled
,
of
whose
Loyalty
he
had
such
ample
Experience
he
hath
since
cut
off
,
and
that
with
extream
Cruclty
too
;
In
Feornary
two
years
after
,
there
appeared
in
this
Countrey
another
Comet
or
Stream
in
the
West
,
with
the
head
of
it
under
the
Horizon
,
much
like
that
seen
in
England
in
1680.
The
sight
of
this
did
much
daunt
both
King
and
People
,
having
so
lately
felt
the
sad
Event
of
a
Blazing
Star
;
The
King
sent
men
to
the
highest
Mountains
in
the
Land
to
look
if
they
could
perceive
the
head
of
it
,
which
they
could
not
,
it
being
still
under
the
Horizon
;
This
continued
visible
about
a
Month
,
and
by
that
time
was
so
diminished
as
not
to
be
seen
;
But
there
were
no
remarkable
Passages
ensued
upon
it
.
LXXVII
.
About
five
or
six
nights
after
the
extinction
of
the
first
Comet
which
was
seen
in
England
,
and
in
the
same
Moneth
of
December
another
Comet
was
visible
,
which
continued
till
the
middle
of
January
following
,
it
was
much
less
than
the
former
,
seeming
about
the
bigness
of
an
ordinary
Trencher
Plate
,
about
8
Inches
over
,
and
had
prickly
Rays
dispersed
round
about
it
;
In
April
1665
,
following
,
a
Third
Comet
was
seen
much
of
the
Nature
and
colour
of
the
first
,
only
a
little
more
Jovial
;
This
year
,
June
3.
A
great
Victory
was
obtained
by
His
Majesties
Fleet
under
his
Royal
Highness
the
Duke
of
York
against
the
whole
Dutch
Fleet
,
wherein
above
Thirty
Capital
Ships
were
taken
and
destroyed
,
and
near
Eight
Thousand
men
killed
and
taken
Prisoners
;
A
great
Plague
began
in
London
,
and
this
year
there
dyed
in
all
ninety
seven
thousand
three
hundred
and
six
,
whereof
of
the
Plague
sixty
eight
thousand
five
hundred
ninety
six
;
In
February
this
year
,
there
was
a
great
Tempest
,
accompanied
with
Thunder
,
Lightning
,
and
an
Earthquake
in
divers
places
;
at
which
time
the
stately
Spire
of
Trinity
Church
in
Coventry
fell
down
,
and
demolished
a
great
part
of
the
Church
,
killing
only
one
man
;
and
in
Hampshire
a
Justice
of
Peace
riding
by
the
way
,
was
slain
and
burnt
by
Lightning
;
In
August
,
1666
,
Sir
Robert
Holmes
destroyed
above
one
hundred
and
fifty
Sail
of
Dutch
Ships
at
the
Fly
in
Holland
,
and
burnt
the
Town
of
Bandaris
upon
the
Island
of
Schelling
,
containing
at
least
a
Thousand
Houses
.
Sept.
2.
about
one
a
Clock
in
the
morning
,
a
sudden
and
lamentable
Fire
broke
out
in
the
City
of
London
,
beginning
in
a
place
called
Pudding-Lane
,
near
New
Fish-street
,
which
in
4
days
time
burnt
down
Thirteen
Thousand
Two
Hundred
Houses
.
LXXVIII
.
In
1668
,
in
Autumn
,
a
great
part
of
Asia
,
and
some
parts
of
Europe
were
infested
with
extraordinary
Earthquakes
;
The
Cities
of
Constantinople
and
Adrianople
felt
its
sad
Effects
,
but
not
with
that
violence
and
continuance
as
in
other
Places
;
In
some
parts
of
Persia
it
continued
for
above
fourscore
days
;
Torqueto
and
Bolio
two
considerable
Cities
,
were
by
its
great
violence
layd
even
to
the
ground
,
and
all
or
most
of
the
Inhabitants
buried
in
the
Ruins
,
above
six
thousand
Persons
perished
in
the
first
of
them
,
and
above
eighteen
hundred
in
the
latter
;
And
in
all
the
adjacent
Cities
it
raged
with
extraordinary
fury
,
destroying
and
ruining
the
Buildings
,
killing
many
of
the
People
,
and
the
rest
were
forced
to
quit
the
Towns
,
and
take
up
their
Lodgings
in
the
Fields
.
About
the
beginning
of
August
1669
,
there
came
two
Whales
and
a
Grampas
up
the
River
of
Thames
,
whereof
one
of
the
Whales
,
and
the
Grampas
were
killed
,
and
the
other
Whale
which
was
the
bigger
,
returned
back
into
the
Sea
;
September
4.
following
,
saith
Mr.
Clark
,
news
was
brought
to
our
Kings
Majesty
of
the
Death
of
the
Que●n
Mother
,
who
dyed
in
France
July
31.
in
the
Sixtieth
year
of
her
Age.
LXXIX
.
In
March
the
beginning
of
this
year
1669
,
there
happened
a
most
dreadful
Earthquake
and
Irruption
of
Mount
Aet●a
in
Sicily
,
of
which
before
I
give
a
particular
Account
,
it
may
not
be
unproper
to
describe
the
Mountain
it self
,
as
it
has
been
related
by
divers
famous
Historians
;
Aetna
or
Mount
Gibello
,
called
by
Pindar
the
Celestial
Column
or
Pillar
,
is
the
highest
Mountain
in
Sicily
,
from
whence
all
the
Island
may
be
seen
at
once
,
and
in
a
clear
day
the
Eye
may
even
reach
Africa
,
it
rears
up
its
top
or
Spire
Thirty
miles
into
the
Sky
,
and
may
be
seen
forty
or
fifty
miles
at
Sea
,
but
its
compass
is
sixty
,
others
say
an
hundred
miles
space
,
it
appears
Eastward
with
two
shoulders
,
having
an
eminent
head
in
the
middle
,
The
lower
parts
are
luxuriously
fruitful
,
and
the
abundance
of
fat
oyly
matter
which
is
cast
out
of
it
,
makes
the
Soyl
thereof
as
well
as
of
the
whole
Island
Incredibly
fruitful
in
the
best
Wine
,
Oyl
,
Honey
,
Saffron
,
Minerals
also
of
Gold
,
Silver
,
Silks
and
Allom
,
with
variety
of
excellent
and
delicious
Fruits
,
and
abundance
of
all
sorts
of
Grain
,
so
that
it
was
called
in
old
time
,
The
Granary
of
the
Roman
Empire
;
The
middle
of
the
Mountain
is
woody
and
shady
,
the
upper
part
rocky
,
steep
,
and
almost
covered
with
Snow
;
yet
smoaking
in
the
midst
like
many
conjoyned
Chimneys
,
and
vomiting
intermitted
flames
,
usually
discernable
only
by
night
,
as
if
heat
and
cold
had
left
their
Contentions
,
and
imbraced
one
another
,
for
though
it
continually
●●rns
,
with
most
servent
smoak
and
fire
,
yet
round
about
the
top
are
seen
perpetual
and
most
deep
●nows
,
the
uppermost
top
is
broken
and
cragged
with
unstable
Cinders
and
Pumice
stones
,
and
cleavs
open
with
a
most
vast
Crater
or
mouth
twelve
miles
in
compass
,
which
in
a
steep
descent
streightens
it self
narrower
even
to
the
bottom
of
Hell
as
it
were
;
A
most
horrible
pre●●pice
it
is
,
exceeding
formidable
with
flames
and
fumes
from
the
very
bottom
and
sides
of
the
Mountain
,
with
an
horrendous
roaring
and
bellowing
not
unlike
the
bursting
forth
of
Thunders
,
so
that
the
very
imagination
and
thoughts
of
the
Fire
and
Ruins
so
nigh
at
hand
,
cannot
but
at
first
sight
amaze
,
and
afright
any
humane
Creature
,
and
make
him
start
from
it
,
as
from
the
Infernal
Gulph
of
Hell
;
On
one
side
within
are
most
dark
and
dreadful
Dens
,
one
whereof
is
so
vast
,
as
to
be
capable
to
contain
Thirty
Thousand
Men
;
In
many
places
you
may
see
the
tracts
and
paths
of
huge
Torrents
of
melted
matter
;
In
the
very
top
,
Snows
and
Ashes
,
or
Cinders
,
as
if
they
had
concluded
an
Eternal
Wedlock
,
are
seen
to
overwhelm
all
things
with
a
sad
and
doleful
countenance
,
which
are
very
dangerous
to
unwary
Visitors
,
because
under
them
there
lye
concealed
deep
holes
,
and
devouring
Gulphs
,
without
bottom
or
end
,
which
have
swallowed
up
very
many
,
coming
unadvisedly
too
near
without
a
Guide
,
and
by
their
ruine
have
left
warnings
to
others
not
rashly
to
venture
upon
these
hidden
deceits
which
have
cheated
mortals
of
their
Lives
;
In
the
utmost
bottom
of
this
Hellish
Gulf
the
Fire
is
at
no
time
extinguished
,
but
always
sends
forth
either
boyling
heat
,
smoak
or
flame
,
yet
outwardly
it
begins
to
grow
fierce
and
terrible
only
at
certain
intervalls
of
time
more
or
less
according
to
the
Combustible
matter
heaped
together
;
and
by
how
much
longer
it
hath
ceased
,
by
so
much
it
bursts
forth
with
greater
violence
,
and
together
with
the
Flame
,
sends
forth
huge
heaps
of
Sands
,
and
Prodigious
Stones
of
wondrous
weight
.
These
Fires
have
broke
forth
in
several
Ages
of
the
World
,
to
the
great
terror
and
destruction
of
the
Inhabitants
,
and
all
the
adjacent
Countreys
;
As
in
the
year
of
the
world
2600
when
the
Posterity
of
Janus
went
to
seek
new
Colonies
,
they
first
entred
Sicily
,
where
at
that
time
there
was
so
great
a
burning
of
the
Mountain
,
that
the
new
Planters
leaving
the
Island
for
fear
of
Desolation
,
went
to
seek
new
habitations
in
Italy
;
after
them
followed
the
Sicaneans
,
who
were
likewise
driven
away
from
these
Eastern
Parts
,
to
the
Western
by
these
dreadful
Aetnean
burnings
.
In
the
year
of
the
world
3180
,
and
for
above
four
hundred
years
after
,
this
Mountain
was
all
on
fire
with
three
huge
burnings
;
A
little
after
the
Mountain
raging
anew
,
it
is
said
to
have
drawn
Pythagoras
himself
into
the
highest
admiration
;
Also
in
the
Reign
of
Hero
,
at
which
time
Histories
deliver
that
Empedocles
an
Observer
of
the
Mountain
was
destroyed
.
In
the
time
of
Julius
Caesar
,
about
fifty
years
before
Christ
,
Diodorus
relates
,
That
Aetna
raged
most
violently
,
which
they
said
portended
the
Death
of
Caesar
;
It
is
reported
to
have
been
so
great
,
that
the
Sea
with
its
fervour
and
boyling
heat
burnt
even
the
very
Ships
,
even
as
far
as
the
Vulcanello's
,
All
the
Fish
being
destroyed
and
boyled
to
death
;
yea
within
twenty
years
,
the
Mountain
burnt
four
times
.
In
the
Reign
of
Caius
Caligula
forty
nine
years
after
Christ
,
the
Mountain
raged
so
,
that
the
Emperor
at
that
time
in
Sicily
was
so
affrighted
,
that
he
betook
himself
to
safer
stations
;
yet
they
relate
,
that
the
Emperor
Adrian
out
of
the
greatness
of
his
mind
did
ascend
the
Mountain
very
far
to
consider
more
nearly
such
great
Miracles
;
In
several
Ages
after
,
it
made
woful
irruptions
,
as
from
the
year
1160
,
to
1169
,
all
Sicily
was
shaken
with
huge
Earthquakes
,
and
the
Mountain
Aetna
foaming
mightily
,
overthrew
all
the
circumjacent
places
with
incredible
Desolation
,
with
the
ruine
of
the
Cathedral
Church
of
Catania
about
ten
miles
distant
,
in
which
Abbot
John
and
his
Monks
were
overwhelmed
;
Many
other
fearful
burnings
have
happened
since
that
time
,
but
none
more
horrible
for
its
mighty
devastations
than
that
in
the
year
1669
,
The
Right
Honourable
the
Earl
of
Winchelsea
His
Majesties
late
Ambassador
at
Constantinople
,
in
his
return
from
thence
,
visiting
Catania
,
was
an
Eye-witness
of
this
Prodigious
Judgment
,
whereof
he
gave
the
following
Account
to
His
present
Majesty
,
King
Charles
the
second
,
as
soon
as
he
came
to
Naples
.
May
it
please
Your
Majesty
,
In
my
Voyage
from
Malta
to
this
place
,
I
touched
at
the
City
of
Catania
in
Sicily
,
and
was
there
most
kindly
Invited
by
the
Bishop
to
lodge
in
his
Palace
,
which
I
accepted
,
that
so
I
might
be
the
better
able
to
inform
your
Majesty
of
that
extraordinary
Fire
which
comes
from
Mount
Gibel
,
15
miles
distant
from
that
City
;
which
for
its
horridness
in
the
aspect
,
for
the
vast
quantity
thereof
,
(
for
it
is
15
miles
in
length
,
and
7
in
breadth
)
for
its
monstrous
devastation
and
quick
progress
,
may
be
termed
an
Inundation
of
Fire
,
a
Flood
of
Fire
,
Cinders
and
burning
Stones
,
burning
with
that
Rage
as
to
advance
into
the
Sea
600
yards
,
and
that
to
a
mile
in
breadth
,
which
I
saw
;
and
that
which
did
augment
my
admiration
was
,
to
see
in
the
Sea
this
matter
like
ragged
Rocks
,
burning
in
sour
fathom
water
,
two
fathom
higher
than
the
Sea
it self
;
some
parts
liquid
and
moving
,
and
throwing
off
,
not
without
great
violence
,
the
stones
about
it
,
which
like
a
crust
of
a
vast
bigness
,
and
red
hot
,
sell
into
the
Sea
every
moment
,
in
some
place
or
other
,
causing
a
great
and
horrible
noise
,
smoak
and
hissing
in
the
Sea
;
and
thus
more
and
more
coming
after
it
,
making
a
firm
foundation
in
the
Sea
it self
.
I
stayed
there
from
nine
a
Clock
on
Saturday
morning
,
to
seven
next
morning
,
and
this
Mountain
of
Fire
and
Stones
,
with
Cinders
,
had
advanced
into
the
Sea
20
yards
at
least
,
in
several
places
;
in
the
middle
of
this
Fire
,
which
burn'd
in
the
Sea
,
it
hath
formed
a
passage
like
to
a
River
,
with
its
Banks
on
each
side
very
steep
and
craggy
,
and
in
this
Channel
moves
the
greatest
quantity
of
this
Fire
,
which
is
the
most
liquid
,
with
stones
of
the
same
composition
,
and
Cinders
all
red
hot
,
swimming
upon
the
Fire
of
a
great
magnitude
;
From
this
River
of
Fire
(
under
the
great
Masse
of
the
Stones
which
are
generally
three
fathom
high
all
over
the
Country
,
where
it
burns
and
in
other
places
much
more
,
)
there
are
secret
Conduits
or
Rivulets
of
this
liquid
matter
,
which
Communicate
Fire
and
heat
into
all
parts
more
or
less
,
and
melts
the
Stones
and
Cinders
by
fits
in
those
places
where
it
toucheth
them
,
over
and
over
again
;
where
it
meets
with
Rocks
or
Houses
of
the
same
matter
(
as
many
are
)
they
melt
and
go
away
,
with
the
Fire
;
where
they
find
other
compositions
they
turn
them
to
lime
or
ashes
,
(
as
I
am
informed
,
)
The
composition
of
this
Fire
,
Stones
and
Cinders
,
are
Sulphur
,
Nitre
,
Quick-silver
,
Sal-Armoniac
,
Lead
,
Iron
,
Brass
,
and
all
other
Mettals
.
It
moves
not
regularly
,
nor
constantly
down
hill
;
in
some
places
it
hath
made
the
Valleys
Hills
,
and
the
Hills
that
were
not
high
are
now
Valleys
.
When
it
was
night
I
weat
upon
two
Towers
in
divers
places
,
and
could
plainly
see
at
10
miles
distance
,
as
we
judged
,
the
Fire
to
begin
to
run
from
the
Mountain
in
a
direct
line
,
the
flame
to
ascend
as
high
and
as
big
as
one
of
the
highest
and
greatest
Steeples
in
Your
Majesties
Kingdoms
,
and
to
throw
up
great
Stones
into
the
Air
;
I
could
discern
the
River
of
Fire
to
d●scend
the
Mountain
of
a
terrible
●●ery
or
red
colour
,
and
stones
of
a
paler
Red
,
to
swim
thereon
,
and
to
be
some
as
big
as
an
ordinary
Table
.
We
could
see
this
fire
to
move
in
several
other
places
,
and
all
the
Country
covered
with
Fire
,
ascending
with
great
Flames
;
in
many
places
,
smoaking
●●●e
to
a
violent
furnace
of
Iron
melted
,
making
a
noi●e
with
the
great
picces
that
fell
,
especially
those
which
fell
i●to
the
Sea
.
A
Cavalier
of
Malta
,
who
lives
there
,
and
attended
me
,
told
me
,
that
the
River
was
as
liquid
where
it
issues
out
of
the
Mountain
,
as
water
,
and
came
out
like
a
Torrent
with
great
violence
,
and
is
five
or
six
fathom
deep
,
and
as
broad
,
and
that
no
stones
do
sink
therein
.
I
assure
Your
Majesty
,
no
Pen
can
express
how
terrible
it
is
,
nor
can
all
the
Art
and
Industry
of
the
world
quench
,
or
divert
that
which
is
burning
in
the
Country
.
In
40
days
time
it
hath
destroyed
the
habitations
of
27
thousand
persons
,
made
two
Hills
of
one
,
1000
paces
high
a-piece
,
and
one
is
four
miles
in
compass
,
Of
20000
persons
which
inhabited
Catania
,
3000
did
only
remain
;
all
their
Goods
are
carryed
away
,
the
Cannons
of
Brass
are
removed
out
of
the
Castle
,
some
great
Bells
taken
down
,
the
City-Gates
Walled
up
next
the
Fire
,
and
preparation
made
all
to
abandon
the
City
.
That
night
which
I
lay
there
,
it
rained
Ashes
all
over
the
City
,
and
〈◊〉
Miles
at
Sea
it
troubled
my
Eyes
.
This
Fire
in
its
Progress
〈…〉
●ith
a
Lake
of
Four
Miles
in
compass
,
and
i●
was
not
only
satis●●●d
to
fill
it
up
,
though
it
was
four
fath●●
deep
but
hat●
made
〈◊〉
it
a
Mountain
.
I
send
also
to
Your
Sacred
Majesty
the
following
Account
in
Print
which
the
Bishop
save
me
,
as
it
is
●●●ected
one
of
divers
Relations
from
Ca●ama
.
Mount
〈…〉
Gibello
,
a
Mountain
so
Renowned
throughout
the
World
for
its
heightand
greatness
,
but
more
for
●hos●
Prodigious
Flames
,
Smoak
,
and
Ashes
which
it
hath
cast
out
from
the
top
of
it
,
whilst
the
other
parts
are
continually
(
even
in
the
midst
of
S●mmer
)
cover'd
with
Snow
,
has
been
for
many
Ages
observ'd
once
,
or
sometimes
oftner
,
in
the
space
of
above
fifteen
years
to
throw
up
more
than
ordinary
●lames
with
much
Smoak
and
Stones
,
and
great
quantities
of
A●●es
;
which
(
though
terrible
to
the
Neighbouring
Towns
and
Villages
)
was
yet
w●nt
,
in
little
time
,
to
abate
of
its
fury
,
and
prove
but
seldom
more
in●urious
to
the
Country
●ear
it
▪
than
by
communicating
largely
its
ashes
,
which
though
for
the
present
it
did
somewhat
incommode
them
,
they
had
afterwards
a
considerable
Compensation
in
the
product
of
their
Lands
,
which
by
this
means
were
rendred
more
fruitful
.
But
on
Friday
the
18th
of
March
,
1669.
the
Sun
was
observed
before
its
setting
to
appear
of
a
pale
and
dead
colour
,
which
(
being
contrary
to
what
it
ever
before
appeared
to
us
)
struck
no
small
terror
into
the
Inhabitants
,
all
Objects
appearing
also
of
the
same
colour
,
with
a
paleness
received
from
that
of
the
Sun
:
The
same
night
happened
in
this
City
as
well
as
the
whole
Country
hereabouts
,
a
terrible
and
unusual
Earthquake
,
whose
strong
and
unequal
motions
joyned
with
horrible
Roarings
from
Monte
Gibello
exceedingly
frighted
the
Inhabitants
,
but
was
so
extraordinarily
violent
in
the
Country
adjacent
,
that
the
People
were
forced
to
abandon
their
houses
,
and
to
fly
into
the
Fields
to
avoid
the
danger
threatned
them
from
the
falling
of
their
houses
.
The
Village
of
Nicolosi
was
of
all
others
the
most
dreadfully
handled
by
this
furious
Earthquake
,
the
houses
and
other
buildings
being
shaken
all
in
pieces
,
and
buried
in
their
own
ruines
;
the
poor
people
(
who
had
preserved
their
lives
by
a
timely
flight
,
with
such
little
of
their
goods
as
their
hasty
fears
would
permit
them
to
carry
out
with
them
)
continued
a
night
or
two
in
the
Fields
beholding
with
grief
and
astonishment
the
ruine
of
their
habitations
:
but
observing
that
by
these
violent
concussions
,
the
Earth
began
to
open
in
several
places
,
and
to
threaten
them
with
inevitable
ruine
,
they
fled
,
though
with
much
trouble
and
amazement
to
this
City
.
These
shakings
of
the
Earth
being
so
frequent
and
violent
,
that
the
people
went
reeling
and
staggering
,
with
much
difficulty
supporting
one
another
from
falling
,
insomuch
as
what
with
their
want
of
sleep
,
the
pains
they
were
forced
to
take
in
travelling
,
and
the
great
terrors
imprinted
on
them
by
what
they
had
seen
and
suffered
,
they
appeared
at
their
arrival
in
this
City
as
so
many
distracted
people
wholly
insensible
of
what
they
did
.
This
dreadful
convulsion
of
the
Earth
was
immediately
followed
on
Monday
March
11.
about
10
at
night
by
3
terrible
Eruptions
,
much
about
the
same
time
,
and
a
little
distance
one
from
the
other
.
These
said
Eruptions
were
observed
to
be
on
the
side
of
Monte
Gibello
,
about
2
miles
beyond
the
Mountain
called
Montpileri
,
from
whence
with
a
terrible
noise
it
threw
up
its
flames
with
much
fury
and
violence
about
a
hundred
yards
in
height
,
its
noise
not
roaring
only
inwards
from
the
belly
of
the
Mountain
as
before
,
but
violently
cracking
like
peals
of
Ordnance
or
thunder
,
from
the
side
of
it
,
throwing
out
vast
stones
,
some
of
them
of
300
pound
weight
,
which
being
(
as
it
were
)
shot
through
the
air
,
fell
several
miles
distant
from
the
place
,
whilst
the
whole
Air
was
filled
with
smoak
,
burning
cinders
,
and
ashes
,
which
fell
like
a
fiery
rain
upon
the
Country
.
In
the
mean
time
issued
from
the
side
of
this
Prodigious
Mountain
a
vast
Torrent
of
Melted
and
burning
Matter
,
which
like
an
Inundation
,
Drowned
,
as
in
a
Flood
of
Fire
,
the
Countrey
on
this
side
of
it
.
This
Burning
River
ran
down
upon
the
Mountain
Montpileri
,
which
,
opposing
its
direct
course
,
it
divided
it self
into
two
Streams
,
which
encompassed
the
said
Mountain
;
one
of
them
taking
its
way
by
La
Guardia
,
the
Convent
of
St.
Anne
and
M●lpasso
,
the
other
by
the
Towns
of
Monpileri
,
and
Falicchi
,
which
in
few
hours
were
wholly
destroyed
and
lost
,
not
so
much
as
any
sign
of
them
remaining
,
with
several
lesser
Villages
and
Farmes
,
and
with
them
the
Famous
Image
of
the
blessed
Lady
of
the
Annunciata
;
which
,
though
highly
Reverenced
throughout
the
whole
Island
,
esteemed
the
Wonder
of
Sicily
and
the
whole
World
,
and
to
which
the
People
with
much
Devotion
resorted
in
Pilgrimage
from
the
remotest
parts
,
was
also
swallowed
up
and
consumed
by
this
dreadful
Torrent
.
This
Fiery
and
burning
Deluge
immediately
spread
it self
to
above
six
mile
in
breadth
,
seeming
to
be
somewhat
of
the
colour
of
melted
and
burning
Glass
;
but
,
as
it
cooles
,
becomes
hard
and
Rocky
,
and
every
where
in
its
passage
leaves
Hills
and
Pyramids
of
that
matter
behind
it
.
At
the
same
time
Monte
Gibello
from
its
top
raged
with
dreadful
Flames
,
which
with
its
noise
and
Concussions
of
the
Earth
which
still
continued
,
added
not
a
little
to
the
Terror
of
the
People
,
who
ran
with
Cries
and
Lamentations
about
the
City
and
Country
,
expecting
nothing
but
to
be
swallowed
up
or
consumed
by
Fire
,
having
no
other
apprehensions
but
of
Death
,
and
a
General
Conflagration
.
The
two
Torrents
of
Fire
came
forward
,
destroying
all
things
in
their
way
,
and
by
Wednesday
,
March
13th
,
had
on
the
West-side
branched
it self
into
several
Streams
,
and
overran
Campo
Rotundo
,
St.
Pietro
,
and
Mostorbianco
,
with
La
Potielli
,
and
St.
Antonino
;
and
on
the
East-part
ruin'd
the
lower
part
of
Mascalucia
,
and
Le
Placchi
,
taking
its
way
towards
this
City
.
On
Thursday
the
14th
,
the
Wind
came
Eastwards
,
on
which
fell
abundance
of
Rain
,
which
abated
not
the
Progress
of
the
Fire
;
which
on
the
East-side
had
from
Mascalucia
made
its
way
to
St.
Giovanni
di
Galermo
,
the
lower
part
whereof
it
destroyed
;
and
passing
on
,
seemed
to
threaten
this
City
on
one
side
,
as
did
that
on
the
West-side
the
other
.
As
the
Fire
approached
,
the
Religious
every
where
appeared
with
much
Devotion
,
carrying
in
Procession
their
Reliques
,
especially
those
of
St.
Agatha
,
the
famous
Martyr
of
Cat●nia
,
in
which
they
reposed
no
small
confidence
,
followed
by
great
multitudes
of
People
,
some
of
them
mortifying
themselves
with
Whips
,
and
other
signs
of
Penance
,
with
great
Complaints
and
Cryes
,
expressing
their
dreadful
expectation
of
the
Events
of
those
Prodigious
fiery
Inundations
.
Whil'st
the
People
were
thus
busied
in
their
Devotions
,
and
astonisht
by
their
Fears
,
News
was
brought
to
the
Magistrates
of
the
City
,
that
a
considerable
number
of
Thieves
and
Robbers
had
taken
the
opportunity
of
this
general
Distraction
,
to
make
a
Prey
of
the
already
distressed
People
,
and
that
they
had
murdered
several
of
them
for
their
Goods
;
and
that
it
was
to
be
fear'd
,
that
the
City
of
Catania
it self
,
might
run
some
danger
from
the
great
numbers
of
them
which
were
about
the
Country
,
and
from
thence
took
their
opportunities
to
get
into
the
Town
.
Whereupon
,
consultation
being
had
for
the
prevention
of
farther
mischief
from
them
,
the
Commander
of
the
Castle
was
ordered
with
a
considerable
number
of
Horse
,
and
a
Party
of
Spaniards
,
to
secure
the
Country
and
City
against
these
Robbers
;
who
immediately
sent
out
several
Parties
with
his
Provost-Marshal
,
with
Order
to
seize
on
all
suspected
Persons
,
and
such
as
were
not
able
to
give
a
good
account
of
themselves
:
and
,
for
such
as
were
taken
in
the
Fact
Robbing
,
to
Execute
them
by
Martial-Law
,
without
any
farther
Tryal
;
and
accordingly
caused
three
pair
of
Gallowes
to
be
set
up
for
their
speedy
Execution
;
one
before
the
Gate
Di
Aci
,
a
second
in
the
Market-place
,
and
a
third
before
the
Gate
Della
Decima
,
setting
strong
Guards
upon
the
Gates
of
the
City
,
and
causing
all
suspected
Houses
to
be
searched
,
an
Account
to
be
given
in
of
all
Lodgers
,
and
such
Persons
to
be
secured
,
as
could
any
ways
fall
under
a
Suspition
.
The
poor
People
out
of
the
Country
being
by
this
Prodigious
Calamity
stript
out
of
all
their
Estates
,
and
reduced
to
great
extrem●ty
,
fled
most
of
them
for
refuge
and
relief
to
this
City
,
with
great
Lamentations
,
moving
the
Charity
of
the
Magistrates
,
whho
were
readily
inclined
to
give
them
the
best
assistance
they
were
able
;
and
the
Citizens
,
moved
by
their
Complaints
and
Sufferings
,
freely
open'd
their
Doores
,
filling
their
Houses
with
as
many
of
those
distressed
People
as
they
could
possibly
receive
;
the
Bishop
,
and
all
persons
of
Quality
and
Estate
,
contributing
largely
for
their
support
,
till
better
Order
could
be
taken
for
the
disposing
of
them
.
The
City
of
Messina
also
,
and
several
other
Cities
(
informed
of
this
extraordinary
Calamity
)
sent
hither
large
Supplies
of
Provisions
,
offering
their
best
assistance
to
this
place
,
in
case
of
extremity
.
All
the
Elements
seemed
at
this
time
to
make
War
upon
us
,
and
to
conspire
together
for
the
punishment
of
the
Inhabitants
;
The
Air
was
continually
darkened
with
Clouds
and
Smoke
,
agitated
by
great
and
violent
Winds
,
and
oftentimes
showred
down
great
Rains
,
insomuch
as
the
Sun
from
the
beginning
of
these
Eruptions
,
very
seldom
appeared
to
us
,
and
when
it
did
,
(
with
extraordinary
paleness
,
)
for
a
little
time
only
,
and
(
as
it
were
,
abhorring
so
dreadful
a
Spectacle
)
soon
hid
its
face
again
under
a
thick
Cloud
.
The
Sea
ran
much
higher
than
it
was
wont
to
do
,
and
by
its
extraordinary
Roaring
,
and
in
some
places
over-flowing
its
Banks
,
added
not
a
little
to
our
consternation
.
The
Land
every
where
infested
with
Thieves
,
insomuch
,
that
till
by
the
extraordinary
care
taken
by
the
Magistrates
and
Officers
severe
execution
was
done
upon
such
as
were
apprehended
in
the
Fact
,
no
person
was
able
to
stir
abroad
without
danger
of
his
life
;
whilst
the
Fire
by
this
prodigious
overflowing
of
the
Mountain
,
threatned
to
take
possession
of
all
.
On
Friday
the
15th
.
the
stream
of
fiery
Matter
which
destroyed
the
lower
part
of
St.
Giovanni
di
Galermo
divided
it self
into
two
parts
,
one
of
its
branches
taking
its
way
toward
Mosterbianco
,
the
other
threatning
the
City
of
Catania
,
but
this
last
was
observed
to
move
with
more
slowness
than
before
,
having
in
24
hours
time
scarcely
gained
20
paces
.
On
the
18th
being
Monday
,
the
Torrents
being
still
seen
to
draw
nearer
and
nearer
to
this
City
,
the
Senate
with
Monsegnior
Cambuchi
the
Bishop
of
this
place
,
followed
by
all
the
Clergy
Secular
and
Regular
,
and
an
infinite
number
of
people
went
in
a
solemn
Procession
out
of
this
City
to
Monte
de
St.
Sofia
,
carrying
out
with
greatest
Devotion
their
choicest
Relicks
,
and
upon
an
Altar
erected
in
view
of
the
Mountain
,
exposed
them
,
where
they
celebrated
Mass
and
used
the
Exorcismes
accustomed
upon
such
extraordinary
occasions
,
all
which
time
,
the
Mountain
ceased
not
as
before
with
excessive
roaring
to
throw
up
its
smoak
and
flames
with
extraordinary
violence
,
and
abundance
of
great
stones
,
which
were
carried
through
the
Air
,
some
of
them
falling
within
their
view
,
though
at
ten
miles
distance
from
the
Eruption
;
the
Ashes
which
proceeded
from
thence
were
scattered
in
great
abundance
,
as
well
on
this
City
as
on
the
Country
adjacent
,
every
where
in
the
Fields
with
Cinders
,
and
the
heat
of
the
said
Ashes
destroying
the
Grass
,
which
obliged
the
people
to
drive
away
their
Cattle
to
a
farther
distance
,
which
would
otherwise
have
perished
for
want
of
food
.
These
streams
of
ruine
dayly
crept
nearer
and
nearer
to
this
City
,
but
by
uneven
and
irregular
motions
,
according
as
it
was
more
or
less
supplyed
from
its
fountain
;
but
on
Wednesday
the
20th
.
we
perceived
that
that
branch
of
it
which
seemed
most
to
threaten
this
City
from
St.
Giovanni
di
Galermo
was
wholly
extinguisht
,
and
the
other
which
bent
its
course
toward
Moster-bianco
ran
but
slowly
,
and
gave
us
some
hopes
that
its
fury
was
also
near
spent
,
but
the
other
Torrent
which
had
before
overflown
Mosterbianco
,
continued
its
motion
with
as
much
violence
as
ever
,
being
in
breadth
above
a
Musquet
shot
over
;
but
in
probability
could
not
easily
overflow
to
the
Westwards
which
was
defended
by
its
Rocky
scituation
;
another
branch
which
ran
by
Santo
Pietro
was
observed
to
be
much
larger
than
the
rest
,
and
its
stream
more
quick
and
active
,
but
meeting
with
some
opposition
in
its
way
,
it
made
some
stop
,
only
sending
out
a
Rivulet
toward
the
Eastwards
about
three
or
four
yards
wide
,
of
its
most
subtle
and
active
matter
,
which
directed
its
course
towards
a
small
Village
about
a
Furlong
distant
from
its
main
stream
;
another
Branch
threatned
Campo
Rotundo
,
but
bent
its
course
westwards
towards
the
Farm
of
Valcorrente
,
where
its
Fiery
body
was
scattered
into
several
deep
and
rocky
places
,
without
any
considerable
damage
.
About
this
time
we
had
hopes
that
the
violence
of
this
eruption
had
been
over
,
the
Mountain
not
throwing
out
its
flames
with
that
violence
as
before
,
and
its
noise
and
roaring
in
a
great
measure
ceased
.
Those
who
at
nearest
distance
took
a
view
of
the
Mountain
,
informed
that
the
top
of
it
,
was
fallen
in
,
and
the
Mountain
supposed
to
want
near
a
mile
of
its
former
height
;
that
the
largest
of
the
Mouths
from
whence
these
fiery
streams
were
vented
,
was
about
half
a
mile
in
compass
,
but
the
view
of
this
dreadful
Inundation
carried
so
much
terror
in
it
as
they
were
not
able
to
express
;
from
all
these
Mouths
were
vomited
Rivers
of
a
thick
and
fiery
substance
of
stone
and
metals
melted
,
whose
depth
was
various
according
to
the
several
places
it
filled
in
its
passage
,
in
some
places
4
,
in
others
8
,
12
or
15
yards
and
upwards
;
its
breadth
in
some
places
6
miles
,
in
others
much
more
;
itsflame
like
that
of
Brimstone
,
and
its
motion
like
that
of
Quick-silver
;
advancing
ordinarily
very
slowly
,
unless
where
it
was
provoked
by
the
addition
of
a
fresh
Torrent
or
some
considerable
descent
.
Wheresoever
it
passed
,
it
left
large
heaps
of
its
congealed
matter
,
with
which
it
covered
and
burnt
the
Earth
,
melting
the
Walls
of
Castles
and
Houses
,
throwing
down
and
consuming
all
before
it
,
nothing
being
yet
found
able
to
resist
its
force
,
nor
any
thing
able
to
quench
its
burning
,
water
being
observed
rather
to
add
to
its
fury
;
wheresoever
it
has
passed
,
it
has
left
its
dreadful
marks
behind
it
,
levelling
some
hills
and
raising
others
,
so
much
changing
the
scituation
,
that
not
the
least
trace
of
any
place
or
Town
remains
,
nothing
being
to
be
seen
but
confused
heaps
of
ragged
stone
,
which
yielding
a
noisome
fume
,
strikes
terror
and
astonishment
into
all
that
behold
it
.
On
Friday
the
22
,
the
Mountain
again
roared
with
much
loudness
,
and
threw
up
from
its
Mouths
a
vast
quantity
of
matter
,
which
formed
two
large
hills
higher
and
larger
than
that
of
Monpileri
,
with
a
large
bank
of
the
same
matter
to
the
Eastward
,
sending
down
a
violent
stream
of
its
liquid
matter
towards
Malpasso
,
much
enlarging
the
former
Current
,
and
passing
thence
to
Campo
Rotundo
and
Santo
Pietro
compleated
the
ruines
of
those
Towns
,
driving
furiouflyi
towards
Moster
bianco
;
the
other
stream
by
Santo
Giovanni
de
Galermo
being
wholly
diverted
and
extinguisht
.
From
this
time
till
the
25th
,
the
Mountain
continued
silent
,
but
then
it
burst
out
again
with
more
force
than
ever
before
,
its
noise
much
louder
,
like
Peales
of
Ordnance
,
and
so
forcible
and
lasting
,
as
for
24
hours
it
caused
a
shaking
and
trembling
in
our
Buildings
,
the
Air
so
filled
with
Smoak
and
Ashes
,
as
darkned
the
Face
of
the
Sky
.
The
Birds
and
Fowl
about
this
time
,
either
through
want
of
Food
,
or
illness
of
Air
,
which
was
corrupted
with
the
noisome
smells
arising
from
these
Burnings
,
were
observed
to
lye
dead
in
all
places
.
On
the
28th
.
the
Grand
Current
was
advanced
near
the
City
as
far
as
the
old
Capucins
.
which
struck
so
great
a
Terror
into
the
People
,
that
most
of
them
left
the
City
,
only
some
Officers
remaining
with
such
persons
as
were
under
their
command
,
who
have
secured
and
sent
away
the
Magazine
and
all
the
Artillery
from
the
Castle
.
A
Latter
Relation
from
Catania
,
of
April
27.
gives
this
further
Account
,
The
dreadful
Inundation
from
Monte
Gibello
having
destroyed
many
Castles
and
Towns
,
with
an
infinite
loss
,
and
utter
ruine
to
the
Inhabitants
,
arrived
lately
with
a
renewed
Force
at
Mostor-bianco
,
which
it
has
wholly
ruin'd
,
from
thence
passing
on
to
Albanelli
,
in
four
days
space
destroyed
all
the
Gardens
and
Vineyards
with
63
Thousand
Vines
.
On
Wednesday
April
16.
With
an
Impetuous
Fiery
Torrent
it
came
towards
Sardanello
,
where
all
the
remainder
of
the
Inhabitants
of
this
City
were
Spectators
of
it
,
which
resembled
a
River
of
melted
and
burning
Brass
,
about
ten
Ells
wide
,
running
with
swiftness
to
the
Arch
of
Marcus
Marcellus
,
a
famous
Piece
of
Antiquity
,
and
passing
under
it
,
ruin'd
about
6
Ells
of
it
,
which
was
the
breadth
of
the
Current
in
that
place
:
from
thence
it
ran
to
Madonna
di
Monferrato
,
which
it
wholly
destroyed
:
then
falling
down
to
Madonna
delle
Gratie
,
it
entred
in
at
one
Gate
,
and
passed
through
another
,
without
any
considerable
hurt
,
and
running
through
the
Gate
Della
Decima
,
filled
all
the
Plain
Di
Schiara
Viva
,
where
it
was
above
six
Ells
deep
.
Then
taking
its
way
towards
the
Bulwark
,
on
the
Sea-side
,
under
the
Castle
of
this
City
,
it
ran
by
,
two
Ells
deep
into
the
Sea
;
in
which
,
(
to
the
great
wonder
of
all
that
saw
it
)
it
has
made
its
Progress
a
mile
in
length
,
and
as
much
in
breadth
,
and
is
drawing
towards
the
Gate
of
the
Channel
,
which
gives
us
great
Apprehensions
,
least
it
may
that
way
Invade
the
City
it self
:
Nor
is
there
less
danger
on
the
side
Del
Tindaro
,
where
there
runs
a
great
Torrent
of
the
same
Active
matter
,
which
draws
near
,
and
seems
to
threaten
the
Walls
,
and
is
in
that
place
about
a
mile
in
breadth
,
having
overflowed
and
destroyed
all
the
Gardens
,
from
the
Gate
Della
Decima
,
as
far
as
Medonna
delli
Amellati
.
The
names
of
the
most
considerable
Towns
and
places
ruined
and
destroyed
by
the
dreadful
Earthquakes
and
Irruptions
were
,
The
Town
of
Nicolosi
,
wholly
ruined
;
Padara
and
Tre
Castagne
the
greatest
part
destroyed
;
The
Towns
of
La
Guardia
,
Malpasso
,
Campo
Rotundo
,
Potielli
,
St.
Antonino
,
St.
Pietro
,
Mosterbianco
,
Montpileri
,
La
Anunicata
,
Fali●chi
Placchi
,
all
wholly
overflowed
consumed
,
and
lost
in
this
fiery
Inundation
with
all
the
Lands
belonging
to
them
,
no
foot-steps
of
them
remaining
;
The
Towns
of
Mascalucia
,
and
St.
Giovanni
de
Galermo
ruined
in
part
;
The
large
Gardens
and
Vineyards
of
Albanelli
overflown
and
destroyed
:
The
famous
piece
of
Antiquity
of
Marcus
Marcellus
,
much
ruined
;
Madonna
de
Monferrato
destroyed
,
besides
many
Castles
,
Farms
,
and
other
Places
,
which
have
run
the
same
Fortune
,
whose
names
we
for
brevity
pass
over
.
LXXX
.
West
of
the
Isle
of
Sicily
in
the
Tuscan
Sea
,
within
sight
of
Messina
,
and
150
miles
dist●●
from
Mount
Aetna
are
the
Aeolian
Islands
,
so
caned
from
Aeolus
King
thereof
,
who
first
raught
the
use
of
the
Sail
,
and
by
observing
the
Fire
and
Smo●●
which
ascended
from
these
Islands
,
(
for
heretofore
they
all
flamed
)
was
from
thence
fabled
to
be
the
God
of
the
Winds
;
These
were
anciently
seven
,
but
are
now
eleven
Islands
,
of
which
Liparis
is
the
greatest
,
being
ten
miles
in
circuit
,
the
Fire
went
out
here
about
an
Age
ago
,
So
that
at
this
day
Strombolo
only
burns
,
(
though
another
called
Vulcano
smoaks
continually
)
.
It
was
formerly
called
Strongile
,
but
by
corruption
Strombolo
from
the
roundness
thereof
,
for
it
seems
like
an
high
round
Mountain
in
the
Sea
,
out
of
the
top
whereo
issueth
continually
a
flame
like
a
burning
Beacon
,
and
exceeding
clear
,
so
that
by
night
especially
it
is
to
be
discerned
a
wonderful
way
,
A
place
so
full
of
horror
to
the
neighbouring
Islanders
,
that
the
more
ignorant
Papists
are
made
to
believe
it
is
the
very
Jaws
of
Hell
it self
;
The
aforenamed
Kircher
made
Observations
of
this
Mountain
likewise
,
which
he
thus
relates
;
That
on
a
certain
day
viewing
Strombolo
very
curiously
,
about
threescore
miles
distant
,
he
observed
it
to
be
more
than
ordinarily
furious
,
for
it
appeared
wholly
overwhelmed
with
Fire
in
so
great
plenty
,
that
it
seemed
to
belch
out
flaming
Mountains
,
a
most
horrendous
Spectacle
;
And
then
,
saith
he
,
I
heard
a
strange
kind
of
dull
murmur
from
the
Mountain
so
far
off
,
which
seemed
to
come
towards
us
under
the
Earth
,
till
it
reached
the
subterraneous
place
where
we
stood
,
and
there
uttered
such
horrible
Thundrings
within
the
Earth
,
with
such
formidable
Earthquakes
,
that
none
of
them
were
able
to
stand
on
their
Feet
;
After
the
violence
was
over
,
getting
up
again
with
unspeakable
Consternation
,
they
beheld
the
destruction
and
lamentable
subversion
of
the
famous
Town
of
St.
Euphemia
three
miles
off
,
which
happened
at
that
instant
,
the
City
being
wholly
swallowed
up
,
for
seeking
for
the
Town
,
they
found
instead
thereof
,
what
is
wonderful
to
be
related
,
nothing
but
a
dark
stinking
Lake
sprung
up
in
its
place
,
they
could
find
no
men
nor
Inhabitants
;
Thence
passing
on
their
Journey
,
they
found
nothing
else
for
Two
Hundred
miles
,
but
the
Carcases
of
Cities
,
horrid
ruines
of
Castles
,
Men
stragling
up
and
down
in
the
open
Fields
,
and
through
horror
and
famine
pining
and
withering
away
.
LXXXI
.
In
April
1669
,
The
Mountain
Vesuvius
aforementioned
cast
up
more
smoak
and
Ashes
than
formerly
,
and
for
several
Nights
the
neighbouring
places
were
much
affrighted
with
the
great
Flames
which
issued
from
it
,
accompanied
with
unusual
noises
;
At
the
same
time
they
write
,
That
the
Vice
Roy
of
Sicily
having
compassion
upon
the
miserable
condition
of
above
Thirty
Thousand
poor
People
,
who
by
their
Flight
had
saved
themselves
from
the
Fire
of
Mount
Aetna
aforementioned
,
which
had
destroyed
17
or
18
Towns
or
Villages
,
and
by
the
dayly
approaches
to
the
City
of
Catania
,
seemed
to
threaten
it
with
inevitable
ruine
,
so
that
the
Inhabitants
were
leaving
the
place
;
And
that
he
thereupon
sent
one
of
his
Officers
to
take
order
for
the
maintenance
of
those
distressed
Creatures
,
and
disposing
of
them
into
places
of
safety
;
In
the
same
Month
1669
in
the
night
,
there
was
a
cry
made
in
the
Town
of
Lichfeild
in
England
of
Fire
,
Fire
,
and
the
Bells
rang
out
,
which
frighted
many
;
This
was
occasioned
(
saith
Mr.
Clark
)
by
the
sight
of
a
sheet
of
Fire
,
which
hung
over
that
City
for
the
space
of
half
an
hour
,
and
then
disappeared
,
This
saith
he
,
I
had
from
one
that
lay
in
the
Town
that
night
;
Upon
July
10.
the
same
year
at
Weymouth
in
Dorsetshire
between
six
and
nine
a
Clock
in
the
morning
,
the
Sea
was
observed
to
ebb
and
flow
7
times
,
of
which
the
greater
notice
was
taken
,
because
the
weather
at
that
time
was
fair
and
calm
,
and
the
Tydes
very
low
,
the
like
accident
having
never
been
observed
there
but
once
before
about
three
years
since
;
Upon
June
20.
this
year
at
Jnspurg
in
Germany
,
a
little
after
noon
,
there
was
a
very
violent
Tempest
with
extraordinary
hail
,
rain
,
Thunder
and
Lightning
,
accompanied
with
an
Earthquake
,
which
had
such
terrible
Effects
at
Schnatz
a
Town
about
3
miles
distant
from
Jnspurg
,
where
the
Emperor
of
Germany
had
some
Silver
mines
,
that
the
River
which
runs
through
it
overflowing
,
drowned
all
the
adjacent
Fields
,
driving
down
,
and
destroying
above
Thirty
Houses
,
endamaging
many
more
,
and
drowning
above
Two
Hundred
People
;
In
July
1669
,
came
Intelligence
from
Holstein
in
Denmark
of
Prodigious
Tempests
accompanied
with
such
dreadful
Thunder
and
Lightnings
as
affrighted
the
Cattel
out
of
the
Fields
,
and
drove
some
Hundreds
of
them
into
the
Sea
,
wherein
they
were
all
drowned
;
From
Mecklenburg
likewise
in
Germany
they
write
,
that
there
were
several
Fires
kindled
by
Lightning
in
divers
parts
of
the
Countrey
.
LXXXII
.
In
1672
,
His
Majesty
proclaimed
War
against
the
States
of
the
Vnited
Provinces
,
and
May
28.
His
Royal
Highness
engaged
the
whole
Dutch
Fleet
in
Southwold
Bay
;
and
after
a
sharp
dispute
of
8
hours
,
the
Hollanders
retreated
,
in
which
fight
the
Noble
Earl
of
Sandwich
was
unfortunately
slain
;
About
this
time
there
happened
a
violent
Fire
at
St.
Katherines
without
the
Iron-Gate
near
the
Tower
of
London
,
which
consumed
above
an
Hundred
Houses
;
this
year
the
French
overrun
great
part
of
Holland
,
taking
as
it
is
said
,
Thirty
Cities
and
Towns
in
Thirty
days
.
In
1678
,
an
horrid
Popish
Plot
was
discovered
against
His
Majesties
Person
and
Government
,
and
soon
after
,
Sir
Edmondbury
Godfrey
(
who
took
the
first
Examination
of
Dr.
Oats
upon
the
Discovery
thereof
,
)
was
murdered
by
the
Papists
,
for
which
three
of
them
were
executed
.
Several
Popish
Lords
were
committed
to
the
Tower
,
and
December
1679
,
the
Lord
Stafford
was
beheaded
at
Tower-Hill
for
High
Treason
,
In
1680
,
May
18.
about
2
a
Clock
in
the
morning
there
began
a
furious
storm
of
Thunder
and
Lightning
in
London
,
so
extream
,
that
the
Heavens
seemed
to
be
in
a
flame
,
which
was
accompanied
with
very
large
Hail
,
and
extraordinary
violent
and
hasty
Showrs
of
rain
,
which
continued
for
several
hours
,
but
about
10
a
Clock
in
the
morning
a
strange
and
unusual
darkness
overspread
the
face
of
Heaven
,
and
immediately
after
there
fell
such
a
terrible
storm
of
Hail
,
as
the
like
was
hardly
ever
seen
in
England
,
before
the
storm
,
a
great
murmuring
or
ratling
noise
was
heard
in
the
Air
,
the
Hailstones
were
so
very
large
,
that
some
of
them
being
measured
,
were
found
to
be
four
Inches
,
others
five
,
others
six
in
compass
,
nay
it
was
confidently
reported
,
that
some
were
seven
,
eight
,
and
nine
Inches
about
;
it
continued
not
above
a
quarter
of
an
hour
,
otherwise
it
might
have
done
much
more
damage
than
it
did
,
yet
abundance
of
Glass-Windows
were
shattered
to
pieces
,
especially
of
those
called
Sky-Lights
,
The
stones
were
of
different
Shapes
and
Sizes
,
and
the
Fancies
of
People
likened
them
to
several
things
,
they
fell
with
such
violence
,
that
they
cut
the
Faces
of
some
,
and
the
heads
and
hands
of
others
,
who
were
abroad
,
some
others
ran
into
the
ground
in
the
Fields
above
an
Inch
,
and
being
taken
out
,
were
found
to
be
as
big
as
Pullets
Eggs
,
and
some
larger
,
several
of
them
were
round
,
others
square
and
flat
,
with
very
sharp
Edges
.
LXXXIII
.
Not
long
before
this
,
in
the
same
year
1680
,
there
fell
a
mighty
tempest
of
Rain
,
Hail
,
Lightning
and
Thunder
at
a
Town
in
Oxfordshire
,
It
began
about
eleven
a
Clock
in
the
morning
,
the
Sky
being
for
a
considerable
time
black
and
dark
,
when
on
a
sudden
there
happened
a
great
storm
of
Hail
which
by
the
assistance
of
an
East-wind
fell
with
such
violence
,
that
the
Hail-stones
rebounded
3
Foot
high
from
the
ground
;
after
which
followed
a
fierce
showr
of
Rain
,
which
seemed
rather
to
come
down
in
pail-fuls
,
than
in
the
common
way
;
and
so
affrighted
the
Inhabitants
that
they
ran
immediately
into
the
Fields
to
save
their
Sheep
,
Lambs
,
and
other
small
Cattel
,
but
had
much
ado
to
return
with
their
Lives
;
during
this
dreadful
storm
,
the
Heavens
sent
forth
such
huge
and
frequent
flashes
of
Fire
,
that
notwithstanding
that
deluge
of
water
,
which
at
that
instant
fell
from
the
Skyes
,
the
Lightning
took
hold
of
some
Houses
,
but
was
happily
quenched
without
any
considerable
damage
,
yet
several
Barns
were
burnt
down
,
with
all
within
them
,
in
one
of
which
a
man
that
was
thrashing
,
hardly
made
his
escape
;
Among
others
a
youth
being
overtaken
in
the
storm
,
endeavoured
to
shelter
himself
in
a
Windmil
,
but
the
ill-natured
Miller
began
to
swear
and
curse
at
him
,
asking
him
,
if
he
was
such
a
Fool
and
changling
to
be
afraid
of
a
little
Lightning
and
Thunder
;
the
boy
had
scarce
time
to
answer
before
he
was
struck
off
the
stairs
,
and
the
Miller
was
forced
to
go
down
and
take
him
up
half
dead
;
but
this
unkind
Miller
had
hardly
recovered
the
Youth
,
ere
he
himself
was
struck
down
with
the
Thunder
,
and
taken
up
without
any
appearance
of
Life
for
the
present
,
though
it
is
said
he
afterward
recovered
.
LXXXIV
.
There
is
likewise
a
Relation
of
a
strange
Accident
which
happened
this
year
1680
,
at
a
Town
called
Blois
in
France
,
That
about
one
a
Clock
in
the
morning
an
amazing
Tempest
of
Wind
arose
with
such
violence
,
as
soon
affrighted
the
most
sleepy
from
their
repose
,
and
in
a
short
time
by
its
fury
beat
or
blew
down
all
the
Body
of
the
Church
of
St.
Soulucas
,
except
the
Belfry
;
also
half
the
Jesuits
Church
,
and
two
fair
houses
into
the
Highstreet
,
the
People
whereof
were
glad
to
run
into
the
arched
Cellars
to
save
themselves
,
which
they
happily
did
,
for
the
ruins
fell
upon
,
and
round
about
the
Arch
,
but
the
Rubbish
being
removed
,
they
were
afterward
drawn
out
alive
,
This
Tempest
was
likewise
accompanied
with
a
most
prodigious
Hail
,
many
Thousand
stones
being
found
as
big
as
a
mans
First
,
which
without
sufficient
Authority
would
seem
incredible
;
This
unusual
Artillery
of
Heaven
broke
all
the
Slates
wherewith
the
Houses
are
covered
,
and
the
Glass
Windows
all
over
the
Town
,
as
if
they
had
been
beaten
in
a
Mortar
;
without
the
Town
eight
whole
Parishes
with
the
Fields
adjacent
were
wholly
ruined
by
the
Hail
in
such
a
terrible
manner
,
that
it
seemed
as
if
no
Corn
had
been
sown
,
or
Vines
planted
there
;
There
were
four
other
Parishes
much
indamaged
,
and
multitudes
of
Chimneys
beaten
down
,
so
that
the
dammages
thereby
with
the
breaking
of
Windows
and
Tiles
was
valued
to
be
above
Two
Hundred
Thousand
Crowns
,
and
the
harm
in
the
Vineyards
and
Cornfeilds
invaluable
;
But
it
pleased
God
the
Protestant
Church
in
that
Town
was
wonderfully
preserved
,
though
equally
exposed
to
the
Weather
;
without
a
Slate
or
any
glass
broken
,
the
direful
marks
of
the
Tempest
being
visible
round
about
it
;
The
same
Divine
Providence
was
seen
in
that
neither
Man
,
Woman
,
nor
Child
were
killed
in
this
dreadful
desolation
:
There
likewise
happened
an
unusual
Accident
upon
a
Ship
riding
at
Sea
,
which
being
attaqued
by
a
furious
Tempest
,
was
in
great
danger
of
being
cast
away
;
but
on
a
sudden
there
broke
so
dreadful
a
clap
of
Thunder
into
the
Ship
,
that
they
all
imagined
their
Guns
had
been
accidentally
fired
,
and
in
a
moment
the
main
Mast
was
split
in
sunder
from
top
to
bottom
,
as
you
would
split
a
rush
;
the
main
top
Mast
was
shivered
into
small
Peices
,
and
the
Pendant
at
the
head
of
it
,
was
burned
to
Ashes
;
the
violence
thereof
was
so
great
,
that
it
beat
down
fourteen
men
upon
the
Deck
,
and
had
like
to
have
thrown
them
into
the
Sea
;
and
those
that
were
within
Deck
,
were
likewise
thrown
down
,
Five
of
them
lay
for
dead
a
considerable
time
,
no
Pulse
or
Breath
being
perceived
,
their
Eyes
and
Teeth
immoveable
,
yet
they
had
no
visible
hurt
or
wound
,
only
an
intolerable
smell
of
Brimstone
;
about
half
an
hour
after
by
rubbing
,
forcing
open
their
Mouths
,
and
powring
down
some
Cordials
,
they
all
recovered
,
but
seemed
much
disturbed
in
their
Senses
;
At
the
same
time
there
were
six
others
miserably
burnt
,
their
flesh
being
scorched
,
and
yet
their
Garments
not
so
much
as
singed
,
their
skin
was
much
discoloured
,
and
lookt
as
if
burnt
by
a
Coal
.
LXXXV
.
In
June
this
year
1680
,
in
Pomerania
in
Germany
,
great
and
dreadful
streams
of
Fire
were
seen
in
the
Heavens
for
a
very
considerable
time
;
after
which
there
seemed
to
be
a
terrible
Fight
between
two
Armies
,
and
the
noise
of
their
shooting
,
and
the
fiery
Bullets
which
seemed
to
fly
in
the
Air
caused
great
Consternation
,
they
giving
great
Light
into
their
Houses
,
for
four
mile
round
about
;
Likewise
at
Straelson
in
Sweden
they
saw
dreadful
Fires
in
the
Heavens
about
the
same
time
,
and
divers
other
unusual
,
and
remarkable
Flashes
and
Appearances
,
and
particularly
they
saw
the
Form
of
a
great
Bullet
flying
through
the
Sky
,
which
seemed
to
be
as
bright
as
the
Moon
,
and
from
the
Body
thereof
,
there
proceeded
great
streams
of
Fire
,
which
represented
the
Forms
of
Snakes
or
Fiery
Serpents
,
and
several
Suns
were
seen
at
once
in
the
Firmament
.
In
December
1680
,
a
great
Comet
appeared
in
the
South-west
,
at
its
first
appearing
there
was
seen
an
unusual
and
prodigious
stream
of
Light
arising
out
of
the
South-west
,
it
seemed
broadest
at
the
Horizon
,
growing
sharper
upward
by
degrees
,
the
Star
from
whence
it
proceeded
was
for
some
days
not
to
be
seen
,
but
a
while
after
it
became
visible
,
and
the
shape
seemed
altered
,
the
stream
being
least
and
sharpest
at
the
Star
,
and
broader
upward
;
the
Tail
or
Blaze
of
light
altered
,
(
as
some
Artists
observed
)
turning
every
night
more
from
the
North
to
the
East
,
like
the
hand
of
a
Watch
;
about
the
middle
of
January
it
quite
disappeared
.
In
January
1681.
there
were
very
lamentable
Inundations
of
the
Sea
in
Holland
,
Zealand
and
Flanders
,
the
banks
being
broken
down
,
and
the
Water
running
a
vast
way
into
the
Countrey
,
drowning
many
Thousands
of
Cattel
,
and
carrying
away
abundance
of
Hay
and
Corn
,
many
Thousand
Men
,
Women
and
Children
likewise
lost
their
Lives
before
they
could
fly
for
succor
;
it
rose
so
high
,
that
nothing
was
to
be
seen
for
some
time
,
but
the
tops
of
Steeples
and
Churches
.
LXXXVI
.
In
1682
,
April
21
,
happened
extraordinary
Thunder
and
Lightning
,
and
excessive
Rains
which
did
much
damage
in
several
Places
about
London
,
and
at
New-Brainford
it
carryed
away
feveral
houses
,
and
filled
the
Cellars
of
many
others
with
Water
.
May
6.
a
strange
and
wonderful
Birth
happened
at
Ostend
in
Flanders
,
where
a
Woman
was
delivered
of
two
Female
Children
,
which
were
joyned
together
by
the
Crown
of
the
head
;
The
Physitians
consulted
of
parting
them
,
but
concluded
it
not
to
be
done
without
danger
;
they
seemed
to
be
distinct
in
Life
,
Soul
and
Brains
,
from
the
several
Actions
they
had
,
while
one
slept
,
the
other
waked
and
eat
;
the
heads
were
so
joyned
,
that
when
one
turn'd
it self
the
neck
of
the
other
turn'd
also
;
they
lived
for
some
time
and
were
baptized
,
but
dyed
soon
after
.
May
12.
there
was
an
Earthquake
in
France
,
which
produced
very
terrible
Effects
,
At
Metz
,
the
Watch-house
of
a
Bulwark
was
thrown
into
the
Ditch
with
a
Souldier
in
it
;
At
Towers
the
Houses
and
Churches
were
so
dreadfully
shaken
therewith
,
as
if
several
Coaches
with
six
Horses
had
driven
along
full
speed
through
the
streets
;
it
threw
down
divers
Books
on
the
side
of
Bourbira●t
;
But
at
Raviere
it
was
more
ast●●●shing
,
where
a
certain
River
near
this
place
which
fifty
paces
from
its
head
turns
a
Gunpowder-M●ll
,
was
never
known
to
cease
running
,
yet
in
this
ex●●aordinary
Earthquake
it
remained
dry
for
half
an
hour
,
and
then
ran
as
before
;
The
Powder
Man
surprized
to
see
his
Mill
stop
,
upon
searching
sound
the
Head
or
Fountain
dryed
up
;
In
Provence
their
Houses
,
Beds
,
Windows
were
shaken
,
and
the
Doors
and
Windows
forced
open
,
so
that
the
Inhabitants
were
afraid
to
stay
within
;
the
Wine
in
several
Cellars
was
disturbed
,
and
the
Domestick
Animals
as
Sheep
,
Cows
,
Horses
,
and
Poultry
discovered
their
fear
by
unusual
motions
and
cryes
;
At
Dion
the
day
before
,
it
was
observed
that
the
Shepherds
in
the
Grounds
about
that
Town
were
not
able
to
stop
their
Flocks
,
nor
hinder
them
from
getting
into
their
stalls
at
four
a
Clock
in
the
Evening
,
though
at
this
time
a
year
they
used
not
to
go
home
till
Sun-set
;
Yea
,
the
Earthquake
was
so
violent
there
,
that
several
Women
big
with
Child
,
came
with
the
affright
before
their
time
,
and
that
some
of
them
lost
their
Lives
;
Several
other
Cities
and
Towns
in
France
felt
the
Effects
of
it
,
but
especially
Callice
and
Bulloign
,
where
divers
Persons
were
●●●ed
or
lamed
by
the
ruins
of
the
Buildings
which
〈◊〉
down
by
the
violent
shakings
thereof
;
there
〈…〉
almost
the
same
thing
in
a
late
Earthquake
at
〈◊〉
,
and
Piombieres
in
France
;
at
Remirement
it
threw
down
a
Dozen
Houses
,
and
the
Vaults
of
the
chief
Church
fell
down
,
two
Maidens
were
killed
,
and
the
People
ran
for
security
into
the
Feilds
,
the
Destruction
and
loss
occasioned
thereby
,
(
besides
the
lives
of
several
Persons
)
is
judged
to
amount
to
Five
Hundred
Thousand
Livers
;
some
years
ago
there
was
a
mighty
Earthquake
in
France
,
which
moved
and
agitated
the
Waves
of
the
Sea
after
such
a
manner
,
that
though
the
Weather
was
fair
and
calm
,
and
without
any
appearance
of
a
storm
,
yet
there
were
Thirty
Vessels
lost
between
Dover
and
Calais
:
Before
this
last
Earthquake
,
they
write
from
Lyons
,
Geneva
,
and
other
places
,
that
there
appeared
Flames
of
Fire
for
four
days
upon
a
Mountain
near
Geneva
.
LXXXVII
.
In
1682
,
June
7.
The
Ship
called
The
Jamaica
Merchant
,
being
in
the
Gulph
of
Florida
in
the
West-Indies
,
about
12
at
Noon
happened
a
mighty
Showr
,
with
such
dreadful
Thunder
as
was
hardly
ever
before
heard
,
which
split
the
Mainmast
,
and
threw
the
Men
down
flat
on
the
Deck
,
setting
Fire
between
the
De●ks
in
several
places
,
which
immediately
burst
forth
into
dreadful
Flames
,
and
with
all
their
diligence
could
not
be
quenched
,
so
that
they
were
all
forced
to
betake
themselves
to
their
Long-boat
,
and
happily
escaped
to
another
English
Ship
,
not
far
off
.
In
the
Cazelt
it
is
related
,
That
the
Letters
from
M●s●o
the
chief
City
of
Russia
,
of
July
25.
give
an
Account
.
That
the
late
Czar
or
Emperor
Alexis
,
who
married
with
a
Polish
Lady
,
having
by
her
means
taken
a
great
Affection
to
the
manners
and
customes
of
that
Nation
,
and
designed
to
introduce
them
among
his
own
Subjects
the
more
to
civilize
them
,
had
thereby
raised
a
great
hatred
in
the
Boyars
or
Nobility
,
and
other
great
Men
against
him
,
who
resolved
to
poyson
him
,
and
his
Queen
,
and
accordingly
effected
it
by
the
means
of
a
Jew
;
He
had
two
Brothers
,
the
eldest
named
John
about
20
years
old
,
who
had
the
same
Mother
,
and
was
born
blind
of
one
Eye
,
the
other
named
Peter
,
about
9
years
old
,
who
was
born
of
a
second
Marriage
,
and
his
Mother
the
Princess
Natalia
was
living
;
The
Emperor
being
dead
in
few
hours
,
after
suffering
great
Torments
;
The
Chancellor
of
the
Kingdom
joyning
with
the
Princess
Natalia
,
and
several
Boyers
,
and
other
great
Men
,
proclaimed
the
young
Prince
Peter
,
Emperor
,
and
at
the
same
time
the
Princess
Sophia
Sister
to
Prince
John
,
General
Komanski
and
many
others
espoused
the
cause
of
the
Elder
Brother
,
and
drew
the
Guards
and
Souldiers
to
their
side
,
by
perswading
them
that
the
late
Czar
was
poysoned
,
and
that
there
was
a
design
likewise
to
destroy
them
;
whereupon
the
said
Guards
rose
and
fell
upon
the
Boyers
,
and
others
who
had
proclaimed
Prince
Peter
,
and
destroyed
a
great
many
of
them
;
After
which
Prince
John
was
proclaimed
Emperor
,
but
without
deposing
Prince
Peter
,
so
that
there
are
now
two
Emperors
,
who
were
both
Crowned
June
24.
last
past
;
The
Emperor
Alexis
,
left
a
young
Son
,
of
whom
it
seems
no
notice
was
taken
,
he
being
yet
in
the
Cradle
;
The
two
Emperors
seem
hitherto
to
agree
very
well
,
and
things
at
present
are
very
calm
and
quiet
there
.
LXXXVIII
.
In
1682.
The
Gazett
of
July
31.
gives
an
Account
,
that
on
the
sixth
of
that
Month
at
Tortorica
a
Town
in
Sicily
,
about
seven
a
Clock
in
the
Evening
,
after
so
great
darkness
that
they
could
not
discern
each
other
four
paces
asunder
,
there
arose
a
great
storm
of
Rain
,
Lightning
,
and
Thunder
,
which
lasted
36
hours
,
that
about
one
a
Clock
next
morning
,
great
Torrents
of
Water
caused
by
these
Rains
,
fell
from
the
Mountains
with
so
great
violence
,
that
they
carryed
with
th●●●
Trees
of
an
extraordinary
bigness
,
which
threw
〈◊〉
the
Wall
and
Houses
of
the
Town
they
happened
to
beat
against
;
The
Waters
were
so
furious
that
they
〈◊〉
the
Church
of
St.
Ni●●●las
,
and
the
Arch-Deacon
of
the
Town
who
retired
thither
,
perished
there
with
many
other
Persons
;
There
only
remained
one
Abby
,
and
about
fifty
Hous●s
,
and
those
so
shattered
,
that
they
fell
down
soon
after
;
about
600
of
the
Inhabitants
were
drowned
,
the
rest
being
abroad
in
the
Field●
gathering
their
Silk
,
fled
to
the
Mountains
,
where
they
suffered
very
much
for
want
of
Provisions
;
The
Goods
,
Trees
,
Stones
,
Sand
,
and
other
Rubbish
which
the
Waters
carryed
away
were
in
so
great
abundance
,
that
they
made
a
Bank
above
the
Water
two
miles
in
length
,
near
the
Mouth
of
the
River
where
the
Water
before
was
very
deep
;
several
other
Towns
were
likewise
destroyed
by
this
great
Flood
;
It
is
added
,
that
Mount
Ae●●●
cast
forth
such
abundance
of
Water
,
that
all
the
Neighbouring
Countrey
was
drowned
.
They
write
likewise
from
Rome
of
July
4.
That
after
having
been
two
Moneths
without
Rain
,
it
began
to
Rain
on
Sunday
June
25
at
night
,
and
that
an
hour
before
day
there
fell
a
Thunderbolt
in
the
Popes
Pallace
of
St.
Peter
,
which
ran
through
several
Rooms
,
and
broke
down
the
Ch●mny-Peice
of
the
Apartment
of
Cardinal
Cibo
.
LXXXIX
.
In
the
weekly
Memorials
published
at
Lord●●
we
have
the
Extract
of
two
Letters
sent
to
the
Publisher
by
Richard
Gips
Esq
from
Weltham-Hall
in
Suffolk
,
dated
the
22
and
29
of
July
1682
,
concerning
a
gro●ing
peice
of
Wood
,
to
this
Effect
;
Sir
,
Myself
,
and
many
hundreds
of
Ingenious
Men
have
seen
at
St.
Edmundsbury
in
Suffolk
,
a
groning
peice
of
Wood
,
it
was
of
an
Elm-Tree
sawn
in
the
middle
,
as
I
conceive
,
and
I
guess
it
to
be
of
a
very
great
Age
;
As
soon
as
a
hot
Iron
was
put
on
this
Wood
,
it
greaned
like
a
dying
man
,
so
that
it
might
be
heard
a
great
way
;
It
was
very
surprizing
to
me
when
I
heard
it
,
for
I
could
not
be
perswaded
to
believe
any
such
thing
;
The
Wood
was
very
firm
on
one
side
of
it
,
knotty
and
crackt
in
some
places
,
nor
would
it
groan
when
the
Iron
was
put
twice
in
the
same
place
,
but
it
would
at
some
little
distance
from
it
;
At
the
time
when
the
hot
Iron
was
put
upon
it
,
I
layd
my
hand
nigh
the
Iron
,
and
perceived
something
gather
to
the
Iron
before
the
Wood
groaned
,
the
groan
was
no
longer
than
that
of
a
dying
Man
;
This
Wood
was
first
discovered
by
a
little
Girl
,
who
playing
with
the
Fire
,
by
accident
scattered
a
Coal
on
this
Board
which
lay
very
nigh
the
Fire
,
and
it
groaned
so
extraordinarily
,
that
it
frighted
the
Child
.
The
second
Letter
was
thus
,
Sir
,
since
my
last
to
you
,
the
Groaning
Plank
is
removed
from
Bury
,
but
being
informed
of
another
Groaning
Plank
,
I
this
day
went
to
see
it
,
and
was
much
more
surprized
at
it
,
than
at
the
former
,
the
groaning
being
much
more
audible
than
the
other
;
This
peice
of
Wood
was
Witch-Elm
,
as
the
other
also
was
,
though
much
less
and
thinner
,
it
was
about
an
Inch
or
two
in
thickness
,
a
yard
and
an
half
in
length
,
and
3
Foot
broad
,
It
was
an
old
and
firm
peice
of
Wood
as
the
former
;
Sir
,
if
you
see
any
Witch-Elm
that
is
very
old
,
you
may
assure
your self
,
that
if
you
burn
it
with
a
very
hot
Iron
,
it
will
groan
extraordinarily
,
I
discoursed
with
a
very
ingenious
Gentleman
,
who
thinks
it
is
occasioned
by
reason
of
some
Glutino●s
matter
which
is
included
in
that
sort
of
Wood
,
so
that
when
the
Fire
comes
it
rarifies
it
,
and
occasions
that
noise
;
but
in
regard
I
could
not
perceive
any
Glutinous
matter
,
but
on
the
contrary
that
it
was
extraordinary
dry
,
I
could
hardly
acqui●s●●
in
his
Opinion
.
XC
.
In
1682.
August
14.
Another
Comet
or
Blazing
Star
was
visible
in
London
,
at
nine
a
Clock
at
night
about
North
and
by
West
from
that
City
:
Its
head
was
large
,
much
like
the
Star
Venus
at
the
height
,
it
was
seen
several
Nights
after
,
and
having
about
30
Degrees
of
North
Latitude
it
did
never
set
;
having
continued
for
some
time
,
it
disappeared
;
Aug.
25.
the
Gazett
informs
us
from
Naples
,
that
the
Mountain
Vesuvius
did
cast
out
Fire
accompanied
with
a
most
terrible
and
hideous
noise
,
which
from
an
hour
after
Sunset
on
Saturday
,
till
3
a
Clock
next
morning
was
so
great
,
that
it
caused
a
kind
of
Earthquake
,
the
houses
in
that
City
being
plainly
observed
to
shake
;
The
Mountain
likewise
cast
out
Ashes
in
great
abundance
,
which
were
dispersed
many
miles
by
the
wind
,
and
the
Sunday
after
,
all
the
Streets
of
Naples
were
covered
with
them
,
as
if
it
had
been
a
deep
Snow
,
These
Prodigies
very
much
terrified
the
people
,
and
Publick
Prayers
were
made
for
appeasing
the
Wrath
of
Heaven
;
It
is
added
,
That
many
great
Coals
of
Fire
fell
also
,
the
dread
whereof
wrought
so
much
upon
the
Inhabitants
,
that
they
removed
to
other
Cities
;
That
the
terrible
Earthquakes
have
thrown
down
near
Three
Thousand
Buildings
all
about
the
foot
of
the
Mountain
,
and
that
it
roared
so
loud
as
to
be
heard
40
miles
distance
in
a
still
night
.
It
is
written
from
Florence
in
Italy
in
the
Gazete
of
Sept.
29.
That
a
few
days
before
there
happened
one
night
such
a
terrible
Tempest
of
Wind
,
Rain
,
Hail
,
and
Thunder
,
about
18
miles
from
that
City
upon
the
Mountains
of
Bologna
,
that
for
eight
miles
in
length
,
and
two
in
brea●lth
,
it
swept
away
all
the
Branches
from
the
greatest
Trees
,
as
Oaks
,
Chesnuts
and
Olives
,
and
much
more
from
the
smaller
Fruit-Trees
;
It
destroyed
all
the
Autumn
Harvest
that
was
upon
the
ground
,
and
lest
not
a
Vine
standing
,
it
carryed
away
all
the
Roofs
and
coverings
off
from
the
Countrey-mens
Houses
,
and
some
were
quite
beaten
down
to
the
ground
,
and
several
people
killed
in
their
Beds
,
A
Church
and
Steeple
were
quite
ruined
,
and
the
Bells
carryed
above
a
quarter
of
a
mile
;
Many
Wild
Beasts
and
Fowl
,
as
Deer
,
Hares
,
Foxes
,
Partridges
;
and
small
Birds
were
found
dead
,
and
if
it
had
happened
in
the
day
as
it
did
in
the
night
,
much
Cattel
,
and
many
people
must
needs
have
perished
,
for
the
Hadstones
were
sound
to
be
from
Three
to
Five
Pounds
in
weight
,
the
like
not
known
in
these
parts
,
and
the
loss
is
esteemed
the
greater
,
because
not
to
be
redeemed
in
seven
years
time
.
XCI
.
In
1682.
Oct.
5.
A
strange
Monster
was
born
at
Exeter
in
Devonshire
,
having
two
perfect
heads
,
one
standing
right
as
it
should
,
the
other
being
in
the
right
Shoulder
,
with
Eyes
,
Nose
,
Ears
,
Mouth
,
and
Tongue
to
each
head
proper
,
it
had
but
two
Arms
and
Hands
,
and
two
Legs
and
Feet
,
all
in
good
,
and
comely
shapes
,
they
which
were
at
the
delivery
say
,
that
they
were
two
as
handosme
Faces
as
ever
they
saw
,
it
was
living
when
born
,
but
soon
expired
,
only
giving
one
sigh
at
its
departure
;
It
was
soon
buried
,
but
after
taken
up
again
,
and
exposed
to
the
view
of
numerous
Spectators
,
to
the
great
advantage
of
the
Parents
.
Thus
have
I
briefly
run
over
abundance
of
Strange
Prodigies
,
Apparitions
,
and
Accidents
which
have
happened
in
the
Heavens
,
Earth
and
Sea
in
several
Countreys
for
near
Seventeen
Hundred
years
past
,
but
as
to
the
Application
of
the
Effects
of
divers
of
them
to
particular
Persons
or
Places
I
have
barely
collected
most
of
them
from
that
noted
Astrologer
Mr.
John
Gadbury
in
his
Treatise
of
Prodigies
,
and
his
Discourse
of
the
three
Comets
in
1664
,
and
1665.
Though
,
as
an
Ingenious
Gentleman
lately
observes
,
there
may
be
much
doubt
and
question
whether
there
be
any
great
certainty
in
these
Predictions
,
since
they
have
been
judged
sometimes
to
portend
evil
as
well
as
good
,
for
as
he
says
,
Though
that
Comet
which
some
interpreted
to
presage
Luthers
preaching
against
Indulgences
,
and
the
Reformation
which
followed
,
bespoke
evil
it
may
be
to
the
Popes
Kitchen
,
yet
it
was
certainly
the
dawning
of
the
Blessed
Light
of
the
Gospel
to
the
Western
Parts
of
Christendom
;
But
however
,
(
as
he
adds
)
if
the
terrorand
rareness
of
these
Prodigies
do
upon
any
Account
whatsoever
mind
us
of
our
Mortality
,
and
prepare
us
for
our
end
(
as
it
hath
effected
upon
some
in
former
Ages
)
or
to
reflect
upon
our
ownor
the
publick
Crimes
,
which
may
call
down
Gods
;
vengeance
upon
us
,
and
to
implore
his
mercy
and
fo
rs
bearance
toward
us
,
it
may
be
very
useful
and
profitable
,
for
sure
it
is
,
this
Age
has
need
enough
of
Repentance
,
and
without
a
Comet
,
we
want
not
abundant
Notices
and
Warnings
that
if
we
do
not
forsake
our
horrid
enormities
,
we
cannot
long
escape
the
signal
vengeance
of
Heaven
.
But
,
saith
he
,
the
making
use
of
them
,
thereby
to
read
the
destiny
of
Kings
,
Nations
and
Governments
is
Irrational
,
Fantastical
,
and
Heathenish
,
unbecoming
either
a
Man
,
or
a
Christian
,
and
therefore
instead
of
any
dreadful
Presages
,
The
Blessing
of
the
Almighty
be
upon
the
whole
Israel
of
God
,
Amen
.
I
cannot
better
conclude
this
Subject
than
by
inserting
the
following
Letter
,
written
by
a
famous
Prelate
of
our
Church
,
inferior
to
no
man
of
this
Age
,
either
for
Piety
or
Learning
,
wherein
he
declares
his
thoughts
concerning
the
Comet
in
August
last
,
1682
,
which
seems
fully
to
comprize
all
that
can
be
said
by
the
wisest
of
Mortals
concerning
Comets
.
The
Letter
is
as
followeth
.
My
good
Friend
,
It
seems
your
Philomathematici
(
as
your
Almanack-●●●kers
usually
〈◊〉
themselves
)
and
Astrologers
i●
London
〈…〉
their
Judgment
concerning
the
New
〈◊〉
,
〈◊〉
I
shall
tell
you
mine
,
though
(
may
be
)
it
may
signify
as
little
as
theirs
when
they
do
declare
it
.
1.
Then
(
in
the
General
)
It
has
been
the
opinion
of
〈…〉
that
all
Comets
portend
some
〈…〉
.
Nations
,
Countreys
,
Cities
,
or
particular
Persons
;
〈◊〉
Greeks
〈…〉
,
All
Comets
are
fore-runners
of
some
Calamities
;
And
a
Latin
Poet
and
a
Pagan
●ould
say
,
Nunquam
furilibus
excanduit
ignibus
●●her
.
2.
But
in
particular
,
I
believe
(
and
I
think
there
is
good
reason
for
it
)
there
are
three
things
concerning
Comets
which
may
,
and
other
three
things
which
neither
are
,
nor
certainly
can
be
known
;
For
instance
,
1.
Their
Motion
2.
Their
Magnitude
.
3.
Their
Altitude
(
whether
above
or
below
the
Planets
)
may
by
the
Parallax
,
and
a
good
Mathematician
be
certainly
known
;
But
then
there
are
other
three
things
which
the
best
Mathematicians
neither
do
,
nor
certainly
can
know
;
For
Instance
.
1.
Their
Generation
,
how
they
are
produced
,
and
of
what
matter
they
are
made
;
2.
Their
Signification
,
what
it
is
which
they
do
particularly
portend
,
and
to
what
Countrey
,
City
or
Person
it
relates
.
3.
Their
Exit
and
vanishing
,
how
they
come
to
disappear
,
and
what
becomes
of
them
afterward
;
These
things
none
of
your
Astrologers
and
Star-gazers
do
,
or
(
by
any
ground
in
Nature
or
Scripture
,
Reason
or
Revelation
)
can
certainly
know
;
They
may
guess
,
and
so
may
you
and
I
,
and
it
may
be
as
well
as
they
,
but
't
is
only
Conjecture
,
not
Science
,
they
having
no
ground
from
which
they
can
certainly
conclude
their
Conjectures
to
be
true
;
Nay
I
do
confidently
and
truly
add
,
(
and
there
is
evident
Reason
for
it
)
that
neither
the
Pope
,
notwithstanding
his
Infallibility
,
nor
the
Devil
notwithstanding
all
his
Subtilty
,
can
certainly
know
what
any
Comet
does
particularly
portend
,
unless
it
please
God
,
who
only
knows
to
discover
and
reveal
it
to
them
.
FINIS
.