THE
COMPLEAT
BODY
OF
The
Art
Military
.
The
First
BOOK
.
CHAP.
I.
A
discourse
of
the
Postures
,
and
handling
of
Arms.
HE
that
will
be
a
compleat
Souldier
,
must
first
begin
to
learn
the
use
of
his
Arms
,
laying
that
down
in
his
thoughts
for
his
first
foundation
.
But
this
hath
been
the
neglect
of
many
in
our
times
,
who
have
strived
to
know
high
thoughts
in
the
Art
Military
,
before
they
can
well
perform
their
Postures
.
Therefore
,
my
advice
shall
be
unto
all
such
that
desire
to
thrive
in
this
Art
,
that
they
will
not
soar
too
high
:
but
first
learn
the
A
,
B
,
C
thereof
,
after
which
they
may
proceed
by
degrees
to
pronounce
to
the
Souldier
with
boldness
their
proficiency
therein
.
He
therefore
that
with
safety
,
ease
,
and
delight
desireth
to
handle
his
Arms
,
must
set
times
apart
frequently
to
practise
himself
therein
.
And
here
I
cannot
but
much
blame
the
Officers
of
our
Trained
Bands
in
London
,
of
two
great
neglects
:
The
first
,
in
making
men
File-leaders
either
out
of
respect
or
favour
they
bear
unto
them
,
or
else
because
one
man
hath
a
better
Buff-coat
than
another
:
I
speak
not
this
to
encourage
any
man
to
come
slovenly
habited
when
he
shall
march
forth
with
his
Captain
,
but
rather
advise
all
Souldiers
to
fit
themselves
with
the
best
array
they
can
;
and
could
wish
all
the
Serjeants
in
drawing
up
their
Files
,
to
pitch
upon
such
Gentlemen
to
be
File-leaders
,
as
may
take
charge
of
his
File
,
and
shall
be
able
,
willing
,
and
ready
upon
all
convenient
times
,
to
instruct
and
teach
his
File
in
all
their
Postures
,
and
neat
handling
of
their
Arms
;
which
if
carefully
observed
,
they
would
reap
the
benefit
of
much
ease
to
themselves
and
the
private
Souldiers
:
readiness
in
the
performance
of
the
Postures
,
would
much
redound
to
the
honour
of
the
Captain
that
shall
lead
them
.
But
for
the
farther
satisfaction
of
the
ingenious
Souldier
that
shall
enquire
what
Posture
is
,
I
shall
briefly
resolve
them
thus
:
Posture
,
as
I
conceive
,
is
a
garbe
or
figure
that
a
man
stands
in
,
in
the
handling
of
his
Arms
;
which
he
useth
for
the
better
grace
and
becoming
of
them
.
There
are
several
motions
belonging
to
each
Posture
,
which
some
call
Postures
,
but
they
much
deceive
themselves
,
as
shall
appear
clearly
unto
them
(
by
the
survey
)
as
they
shall
be
set
down
in
order
.
And
first
,
we
will
begin
to
set
down
the
Postures
of
the
Pike
.
CHAP.
II.
Several
Reasons
why
the
Pike
is
the
more
honourable
Arms.
FIrst
I
shall
begin
to
set
down
the
postures
of
the
Pike
,
before
the
postures
of
the
Musket
,
for
these
reasons
following
,
as
conceiving
,
First
,
They
are
the
more
honourable
Arms
,
in
respect
the
Colours
flying
upon
the
head
of
them
,
and
upon
the
drawing
up
of
the
Company
there
is
the
most
properest
place
for
the
Captain
to
be
,
either
upon
a
Stand
or
upon
a
March
,
provided
he
have
ground
sufficient
to
March
them
all
abrest
.
If
upon
a
Stand
the
Captain
shall
have
occasion
to
engage
against
an
Enemy
,
thither
his
Officers
may
repair
unto
him
upon
the
head
of
the
Pikes
,
there
to
receive
directions
.
And
if
the
Captain
shall
cause
the
Serjeants
to
draw
off
part
,
or
all
the
Muskettiers
from
the
Body
of
Pikes
to
fire
against
the
enemy
,
the
Gentlemen
of
the
Pikes
in
the
mean
time
stand
undauntedly
to
undergo
the
cruel
shot
of
the
Cannon
from
the
contrary
part
for
to
preserve
their
Colours
,
who
are
likewise
a
place
of
Randezvous
for
the
Muskettiers
to
repair
unto
when
they
shall
retreat
from
fight
.
Farther
,
it
hath
been
the
ambition
of
many
Gentlemen
,
both
in
Holland
,
France
,
and
in
these
our
late
unhappy
Wars
in
England
,
to
trail
Pikes
with
several
Commanders
whom
they
shall
think
fit
.
And
lastly
,
to
conclude
all
,
that
the
Pike
is
the
more
honourable
Arms
,
it
is
so
in
respect
of
antiquity
;
for
there
hath
been
the
use
of
the
Pike
and
Spear
,
many
hundred
years
before
there
was
any
knowledge
of
the
Musket
,
as
in
many
Histories
you
shall
find
.
And
so
for
present
I
will
conclude
this
discourse
of
the
Pike
,
desiring
the
Muskettiers
to
have
a
favourable
censure
of
me
:
for
I
intend
not
by
it
to
perswade
all
Souldiers
to
the
handling
of
the
Pike
,
and
none
to
be
Muskettiers
,
for
that
cannot
be
;
I
should
rather
advise
all
Captains
that
have
occasion
to
raise
their
Companies
,
to
have
two
thirds
of
Muskettiers
,
and
but
one
of
Pikes
:
that
is
to
say
,
if
they
should
have
18
Files
,
to
cause
twelve
of
them
to
carry
Muskets
,
and
the
other
six
files
Pikes
.
And
in
my
judgment
they
shall
perform
the
better
service
unto
any
Nation
where
they
shall
be
employ'd
:
and
I
shall
farther
desire
the
Souldiers
(
especially
those
that
be
of
low
stature
)
to
handle
and
take
delight
in
the
use
of
the
Musket
;
for
it
is
an
exceeding
great
honour
to
him
so
to
handle
his
Musket
,
as
that
he
doth
it
with
ease
,
and
in
a
comely
manner
;
and
he
that
shall
become
expert
therein
,
I
have
often
observed
this
commendation
to
follow
him
,
by
the
report
of
others
;
Such
a
one
is
a
good
Muskettier
,
and
an
able
Souldier
:
concluding
thereby
,
he
that
will
take
the
pains
to
be
a
good
Muskettier
,
certainly
cannot
be
idle
,
but
hath
gained
something
more
to
make
him
capable
of
such
praise
.
To
conclude
,
I
shall
desire
the
Gentlemen
of
the
Pikes
and
the
Gentlemen
of
the
Muskettiers
to
go
hand
in
hand
in
love
like
dear
Brothers
,
and
neither
of
them
to
envy
each
other
;
and
in
so
doing
,
God
will
give
a
blessing
to
their
undertakings
.
But
now
fearing
I
have
dwelt
too
long
upon
this
discourse
of
the
Arms
,
I
shall
next
proceed
to
set
down
,
first
the
postures
of
the
Pike
,
then
the
postures
of
the
Musket
,
with
all
the
words
of
command
tending
to
their
Motions
;
after
collect
them
in
order
in
a
brief
way
,
and
then
set
forth
unto
you
the
equality
of
number
that
the
one
Arms
hath
with
the
other
in
the
postures
,
as
followeth
.
CHAP.
III.
The
Postures
of
the
Pike
.
THE
Pike
lying
on
the
ground
,
the
first
word
of
Command
will
be
,
Stand
to
your
Arms.
-
Handle
your
Pike
to
your
Open
Order
,
-
Handle
your
Pike
to
your
Order
,
-
Raise
up
your
Pike
to
your
Close
Order
.
Charge
with
the
But-end
of
the
Pike
,
at
the
inside
of
the
right
foot
,
your
Pike
in
the
left
hand
,
drawing
your
Sword
over
your
left
arm
.
-
Charge
to
the
-
Front
-
Right
Flank
,
-
Left
Flank
,
-
Reer
,
Order
your
Pikes
,
and
put
up
your
Swords
.
This
way
of
charging
to
the
Horse
,
I
have
set
down
,
as
being
practised
sometimes
amongst
us
in
our
private
Meetings
;
but
I
conceive
it
to
be
of
little
use
to
receive
a
desperate
charge
of
the
Horse
,
for
by
these
charges
the
Souldiers
are
in
so
lame
and
weak
a
posture
,
that
the
Horse
cannot
choose
if
they
come
on
with
a
full
career
,
but
beat
the
Pikes
and
Pike-men
down
to
the
ground
:
Therefore
in
my
opinion
,
the
best
way
of
opposing
the
Horse-charge
,
is
that
which
we
learned
of
our
ever-honoured
Captain
,
Major
Henry
Tillier
,
in
the
Military
Garden
;
which
was
,
Files
closing
to
the
midst
to
their
closest
Order
,
insomuch
that
there
was
not
above
half
a
foot
interval
of
ground
between
File
and
File
,
the
Pikes
Porting
,
and
after
closing
their
Ranks
forwards
so
close
,
that
they
locked
themselves
one
within
another
,
and
then
charged
on
.
Which
in
my
judgment
is
so
secure
a
way
from
routing
,
that
it
is
impossible
for
any
Body
of
Horse
to
enter
therein
:
and
farther
,
to
my
best
remembrance
,
I
never
could
meet
with
any
Souldier
that
hath
been
a
broad
upon
any
service
,
that
ever
saw
any
charging
of
the
Pikes
at
the
Foot
;
therefore
I
will
further
proceed
.
-
From
Order
-
Advance
-
Shoulder
-
Port
-
Comport
-
Cheek
-
Trail
Your
Pike
.
Order
as
you
were
.
-
From
your
Order
charge
to
the
-
Front
,
-
Right
,
-
Left
,
-
Reer
.
Order
as
you
were
.
-
Advance
your
Pike
.
-
Shoulder
-
Port
-
Comport
-
Cheek
-
Trail
Your
Pike
.
Advance
as
you
were
.
-
From
your
Advance
charge
to
the
-
Front
,
-
Right
,
-
Left
,
-
Reer
,
Advance
as
you
were
.
-
Shoulder
your
Pike
.
-
Port
-
Comport
-
Cheek
-
Trail
Your
Pike
.
Shoulder
as
you
were
.
-
From
the
Shoulder
charge
to
the
-
Front
,
-
Right
,
-
Left
,
-
Reer
,
Shoulder
as
you
were
.
-
Port
your
Pikes
,
Comport
your
Pikes
,
-
Cheek
-
Trail
your
pikes
Comp.
as
you
were
.
-
From
the
Comport
charge
to
the
-
Front
,
-
Right
.
-
Left
,
-
Reer
,
comport
as
you
were
.
-
Cheek
your
Pikes
,
Trail
your
Pikes
,
Cheek
as
you
were
.
-
From
the
Cheek
charge
to
the
-
Front
,
-
Right
,
-
Left
:
-
Reer
,
Cheek
as
you
were
.
-
Trail
your
Pikes
,
from
your
Trail
charge
to
the
-
Front
,
-
Right
,
-
Left
,
-
Reer
,
Trail
as
you
were
.
-
Order
your
Pikes
,
-
Lay
down
your
Pikes
.
Here
is
to
be
observed
by
this
Method
an
endeavouring
to
perform
all
the
postures
of
the
Pike
,
from
each
particular
posture
,
only
shortning
it
by
degrees
,
leaving
out
what
was
before
commanded
until
we
come
unto
the
Trial.
Yet
notwithstanding
I
spared
not
the
charges
,
but
have
shewn
them
from
every
posture
,
in
their
due
order
.
Next
followeth
the
postures
of
the
Musket
,
wherein
,
in
answerableness
to
the
Pike
,
I
shall
lay
them
down
in
full
,
and
afterwards
contract
them
in
a
shorter
way
.
CHAP.
IV.
The
Postures
of
the
Musket
.
THE
Musket
lying
on
the
ground
,
the
first
word
of
Command
will
be
,
as
to
the
Pike
.
-
Stand
to
your
Arms
,
-
Take
up
your
Bandiliers
,
-
Put
on
your
Bandiliers
,
-
Take
up
your
Match
,
-
Place
your
Match
,
-
Take
up
your
Rest
,
-
Put
the
string
of
your
Rest
about
your
left
wrist
,
-
Take
up
your
Musket
,
-
Rest
your
Musket
.
Here
the
Souldier
may
perform
the
saluting
posture
,
if
he
shall
find
any
occasion
so
to
do
,
for
the
honouring
of
a
friend
,
or
any
Gentleman
of
worth
.
-
Poyse
your
Musket
,
-
Shoulder
your
Musket
,
-
Un-shoulder
your
Musket
and
Poyse
,
-
Joyn
your
Rest
to
the
outside
of
your
Musket
,
-
Open
your
pan
.
-
Cleer
your
pan
.
-
Prime
your
pan
.
-
Shut
your
pan
.
-
Cast
off
your
loose
corns
,
-
Blow
off
your
loose
corns
,
and
bring
about
your
Musket
to
the
left
side
.
-
Trail
your
Rest
,
-
Ballance
your
Musket
in
your
left
hand
.
-
Find
out
your
charge
,
-
Open
your
charge
,
-
Charge
with
powder
,
-
Draw
forth
your
Scouring-stick
,
-
Turn
and
shorten
him
to
an
Inch
,
Charge
with
Bullet
,
-
Put
your
scouring-stick
into
your
musket
-
Ram
home
your
charge
,
-
With-draw
your
scouring-stick
,
-
Turn
,
and
shorten
him
to
a
handful
,
-
Return
your
scouring-stick
,
-
Bring
forward
your
Musket
and
Rest
,
-
Poyse
your
Musket
&
recover
your
Rest
,
-
Joyn
your
Rest
to
the
outside
of
your
Musket
,
-
Draw
forth
your
Match
,
-
Blow
your
Coal
,
-
Cock
Your
Match
,
-
Fit
Your
Match
,
-
Guard
your
Pan
,
-
Blow
the
ashes
from
your
Coal
,
-
Open
your
Pan
,
-
Present
upon
your
Rest
,
-
Give
fire
brest-high
,
-
Dismount
your
Musket
,
joyning
the
Rest
to
the
outside
of
your
Musket
.
-
Vn-cock
and
return
your
Match
,
-
Cleer
Your
Pan
,
-
Shut
Your
Pan
,
-
Poyse
Your
Musket
,
-
Rest
Your
Musket
,
-
Take
your
Musket
off
the
Rest
,
and
set
the
Butt-end
to
the
ground
.
-
Lay
down
your
Musket
,
-
Lay
down
your
Match
,
-
Take
your
Rest
into
your
right
hand
,
cleering
the
string
from
your
left
wrist
,
-
Lay
down
your
Rest
,
-
Take
off
Your
Bandiliers
.
-
Lay
down
Your
Bandiliers
.
Here
endeth
the
postures
of
the
Musket
,
from
the
taking
of
them
up
from
the
ground
,
to
make
ready
,
and
the
proceeding
in
them
to
the
laying
of
them
down
again
.
Now
if
the
Souldier
will
take
his
Rest
into
his
right
hand
,
for
to
be
a
support
and
help
to
him
in
his
march
,
he
must
observe
the
following
words
of
command
.
-
Lay
your
right
hand
upon
the
Butt-end
of
your
musket
,
-
The
Musket
being
shouldered
,
you
may
proceed
in
these
words
of
command
,
to
recover
the
Rest
into
the
right
hand
.
Lay
your
left
arm
over
your
musket
,
-
Shift
your
match
between
the
fingers
of
your
right
hand
,
-
Take
your
Rest
into
your
right
hand
,
cleering
the
string
from
your
left
wrist
,
-
Return
your
match
,
and
take
your
Rest
into
your
right
hand
,
't
will
cause
you
to
be
in
a
fit
capacity
for
to
march
.
CHAP.
V.
The
Postures
and
Charges
of
the
Pike
,
to
be
performed
in
a
shorter
way
,
all
things
acted
in
order
,
and
nothing
done
twice
.
THE
Pike
lying
on
the
ground
,
the
first
word
of
Command
will
be
,
-
Stand
to
your
Arms
,
-
Handle
your
Arms
,
-
Raise
up
your
Pikes
to
your
-
Open
Order
,
-
Order
,
-
Close
Order
,
-
From
your
close
Order
charge
to
the
Horse
,
-
Front
-
Right
-
Left
-
Reer
Recover
your
Pikes
,
and
put
up
your
Swords
,
-
Advance
your
Pikes
,
Charge
to
the
Front
.
-
Port
your
Pikes
,
Charge
to
the
Front
.
-
Shoulder
your
Pikes
,
Charge
to
the
right
,
-
Comport
your
Pikes
,
Charge
to
the
left
,
-
Cheeke
your
Pikes
,
Charge
to
the
Reer
.
-
Trail
your
Pikes
,
Charge
to
the
Reer
.
After
lay
the
narrow
end
of
the
Pike
to
the
ground
,
face
about
to
the
left
to
your
first
Front
,
and
move
forward
with
the
butt-end
of
your
Pike
on
your
right
side
in
your
Funeral
posture
.
After
face
about
to
the
right
,
raise
up
your
Pike
,
face
then
again
to
your
first
Front
,
you
may
lay
down
the
Pike
to
the
ground
,
and
march
from
your
arms
,
having
ended
all
the
postures
&
charges
in
their
due
courses
.
And
here
Fellow-Souldier
,
whoever
thou
art
,
thou
maist
perceive
that
there
are
no
more
then
eight
Postures
of
the
Pike
,
and
four
Charges
,
that
is
to
say
,
to
the
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
.
There
are
some
would
fain
have
another
posture
added
to
these
,
which
they
call
the
Lazie
posture
,
which
somtimes
I
have
perceived
upon
a
Stand
,
that
then
the
Pike-man
le
ts
slip
his
Pike
from
the
shoulder
,
until
the
butt-end
rest
upon
the
ground
;
then
laying
his
right
arm
over
it
,
he
stands
in
an
ill-favour'd
lazie
way
.
Such
postures
as
these
are
not
fit
to
be
ranged
among
the
former
,
but
rather
to
be
condemned
,
in
regard
the
Souldier
will
be
apt
enough
to
find
out
such
postures
as
these
of
himself
,
if
not
prevented
by
the
discretion
of
the
careful
Officers
;
for
upon
a
Stand
,
the
Souldiers
properest
posture
is
to
Order
his
Pike
.
And
thus
much
in
brief
concerning
the
postures
of
the
Pike
.
CHAP.
VI.
The
Postures
of
the
Musket
collected
in
a
brief
way
.
ACcording
to
my
former
promise
,
I
shall
endeavour
to
give
the
best
satisfaction
I
can
to
the
Muskettiers
,
as
well
as
to
the
Pikes
,
that
there
is
an
answerableness
of
number
in
the
proper
postures
of
the
Musket
to
them
of
the
Pike
:
and
they
are
eight
(
as
I
conceive
)
and
may
be
proceeded
on
in
order
,
from
the
taking
up
,
to
the
laying
down
of
the
Musket
,
and
nothing
acted
twice
:
The
words
of
Command
for
the
postures
followeth
,
-
Stand
to
your
Arms
,
-
Handle
your
Arms.
Now
you
are
to
take
notice
,
that
in
taking
up
the
Bandiliers
,
putting
them
on
,
taking
up
the
Rest
,
putting
the
string
about
the
left
wrist
,
the
taking
up
of
the
match
,
placing
of
it
,
the
taking
up
of
the
musket
;
these
,
or
the
like
,
are
no
postures
,
but
motions
to
the
first
posture
.
Therefore
I
will
proceed
upon
them
all
in
order
as
they
lie
,
leaving
out
the
words
of
command
tending
to
the
Motions
.
-
1
Order
your
musket
,
-
2
Rest
your
musket
,
-
3
Poyse
your
musket
,
-
4
Shoulder
your
musket
,
-
5
Ballance
your
musket
and
Rest
on
the
right
side
,
with
the
barrel
upwards
,
-
6
Trail
your
Rest
,
and
ballance
your
musket
on
the
left
side
with
the
barrel
downwards
,
-
7
Recover
your
musket
,
and
perform
your
Sentinel-posture
.
-
8
From
this
perform
your
funeral-posture
.
This
being
ended
,
a
man
may
recover
his
musket
and
rest
,
that
knows
how
to
perform
this
last
posture
,
without
bringing
him
again
upon
the
Rest
;
and
may
lay
down
his
Arms
again
,
observing
the
former
Rule
,
where
the
postures
of
the
musket
are
set
down
at
large
.
CHAP.
VII
.
There
is
also
a
conformity
of
Posture
with
the
Musket
to
those
of
the
Pike
,
and
Words
of
Command
to
be
given
,
as
may
in
many
things
be
received
by
both
Arms.
THe
musket
and
pike
lying
on
the
ground
,
these
words
of
Command
may
properly
be
imployed
to
both
;
That
is
to
say
,
-
Stand
to
your
Arms
,
-
Handle
your
Armes
.
The
butt-end
of
the
musket
standing
,
or
resting
on
the
ground
,
at
the
outside
of
right
foot
,
is
conformable
to
the
Pike
ordered
.
The
musket
poysed
;
to
the
pike
advanced
.
The
musket
shouldered
;
to
the
Pike
shouldered
.
The
musket
porting
;
to
the
pike
porting
.
The
musket
reverst
;
(
as
in
the
funeral-posture
)
to
the
Pike
trailing
.
The
musket
rested
,
to
the
pike
cheeked
;
which
is
his
proper
sentinel-posture
.
The
musket
presented
;
to
the
pike
charged
.
As
for
the
motions
of
posture
,
which
conduce
to
the
lading
and
priming
of
the
musket
,
as
to
cast
about
,
trail
,
recover
,
and
the
like
;
they
are
all
included
in
that
general
word
of
Command
,
properly
to
the
muskettiers
belonging
,
which
is
to
make
ready
.
Now
,
methinks
,
I
hear
some
ingenious
Souldier
begin
to
ask
me
,
What
are
the
use
of
these
postures
so
fully
laid
down
by
you
?
To
whom
I
shall
be
so
courteous
,
as
to
satisfie
them
,
according
to
my
former
Method
,
beginning
with
the
Pike
,
as
followeth
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
The
use
of
the
Postures
of
the
Pike
.
The
use
of
Ordering
the
Pike
.
THe
Pike
being
ordered
is
the
proper
posture
of
a
Souldier
upon
a
stand
,
which
he
ought
ever
to
mind
upon
any
such
occasion
,
so
to
make
use
of
it
.
And
I
have
likewise
seen
in
many
places
,
in
the
day-time
,
this
posture
to
be
used
by
the
Souldier
standing
sentinel
.
The
use
of
Advanceing
the
Pike
.
The
Pike
advanced
,
is
useful
for
the
Souldier
upon
a
Troop
,
when
they
are
to
march
swiftly
,
either
for
the
relieving
of
some
Court
of
Guard
,
or
to
repair
to
their
place
of
Randezvous
,
or
upon
some
sudden
approaching
to
an
Enemy
to
make
a
Charge
;
for
then
he
will
be
in
a
fit
capacity
to
clap
down
quickly
his
pike
upon
the
breast
of
the
Enemy
.
It
is
likewise
very
useful
in
the
time
of
exercise
to
the
half-files
and
bringers
up
,
upon
any
doubling
to
the
Front
,
for
then
they
are
always
to
be
advanced
in
respect
of
a
longer
march
in
their
doublings
,
then
those
that
double
ranks
and
files
;
but
having
doubled
,
they
must
always
conform
in
posture
to
the
part
doubled
.
The
use
of
Porting
.
The
use
of
Porting
was
invented
for
the
ease
of
the
reer
half-files
,
upon
a
charge
;
for
the
front
half-files
are
only
for
to
charge
;
the
reer
half-files
in
the
mean
time
are
to
port
.
It
is
likewise
very
useful
at
such
times
when
the
souldiers
are
marching
through
a
gate
or
sally-port
,
from
whence
I
conceive
it
doth
derive
its
name
porting
.
The
use
of
Shouldering
.
The
use
of
shouldering
the
pike
is
only
properest
upon
the
march
,
&
in
some
kind
very
useful
upon
a
stand
in
time
of
Fight
,
provided
they
are
at
convenient
distance
from
the
Enemy
.
For
it
much
preserveth
the
pikes
and
pike-men
from
the
danger
of
the
shot
,
the
bullets
then
gliding
off
from
their
Arms
;
which
if
they
stood
at
such
times
,
either
ordered
,
or
advanced
,
the
bullets
would
make
such
a
clattering
amongst
the
Pikes
,
that
what
with
breaking
of
them
,
and
the
shivers
flying
from
them
,
may
much
endanger
the
souldiers
which
carry
them
.
The
use
of
Comporting
.
The
comporting
of
the
Pike
is
only
useful
to
the
souldier
marching
up
a
hill
;
for
if
then
he
should
be
shouldered
,
the
butt-end
of
the
Pike
would
always
be
touching
of
the
ground
,
to
hinder
him
in
his
march
,
and
much
endanger
his
fellow-souldiers
that
shall
come
after
him
.
Neither
can
he
march
advanced
;
for
if
there
should
be
any
wind
,
it
would
be
ready
to
blow
him
down
.
Therefore
as
above
,
that
which
is
most
commodious
for
the
souldiers
marching
up
a
hill
,
is
to
comport
his
pike
.
The
use
of
Trailing
.
The
Trailing
of
the
Pike
is
seldom
used
,
but
when
the
souldier
shall
march
straight
forward
through
a
Wood
,
the
File-leader
before
he
enters
in
,
trails
his
pike
,
and
consequently
all
the
rest
in
his
file
:
then
stooping
down
,
they
take
up
the
butt-end
of
their
leaders
pikes
,
which
they
may
easily
gripe
with
their
own
in
their
right
hands
,
and
after
march
forward
through
the
busling
leaves
in
a
straight
line
,
every
file
single
by
himself
,
but
as
neer
each
other
as
possible
they
can
march
,
for
more
security
sake
;
that
when
they
are
clear
,
they
may
find
each
other
,
and
be
in
a
condition
to
rally
up
again
,
as
occasion
shall
require
.
The
trailing
of
the
Pike
may
also
be
of
excellent
use
in
a
Trench
,
that
at
such
time
when
they
shall
have
intelligence
where
the
Enemy
are
preparing
to
make
a
breach
,
they
may
then
move
forwards
unto
that
place
undiscovered
,
and
may
defend
the
same
.
The
use
of
Cheeking
The
cheeking
of
the
Pike
is
the
proper
sentinel-posture
,
and
then
to
be
used
.
CHAP.
IX
.
The
use
of
the
Postures
of
the
Musket
.
I
Conceive
it
will
not
be
material
to
go
over
every
posture
of
the
musket
,
to
describe
the
use
of
them
,
in
respect
the
greater
part
of
them
have
conformity
to
the
Pike
.
Those
that
shall
remain
,
and
of
the
chiefest
consequence
,
I
shall
not
be
wanting
to
satisfie
the
souldier
in
.
The
ballancing
the
musket
,
and
rest
,
on
the
right
side
,
The
use
of
ballancing
the
Musket
on
the
right
side
.
with
the
barrel
upward
,
is
one
of
the
chiefest
postures
belonging
to
the
musket
;
from
thence
he
begins
to
make
ready
,
as
to
open
,
clear
,
and
prime
the
pan
,
all
being
motions
to
this
posture
.
To
traile
the
rest
,
and
ballance
the
musket
on
the
left
side
with
the
barrel
downward
,
is
a
posture
likewise
of
as
great
consequence
;
The
use
of
ballancing
the
Musket
on
the
left
side
.
for
there
are
several
motions
belonging
also
to
this
posture
,
as
to
find
out
the
charge
,
to
open
it
,
to
charge
with
powder
,
to
take
bullet
out
of
the
bag
and
to
charge
with
bullet
;
with
divers
other
motions
before
you
can
recover
your
musket
and
rest
again
.
How
a
Muskettier
shall
perform
the
Sentinel-posture
.
THe
Sentinel-posture
is
to
be
performed
after
this
manner
;
first
,
the
musket
is
to
be
laded
with
powder
and
bullet
;
afterwards
he
is
to
cock
his
match
,
and
to
stand
with
his
pan
guarded
,
his
musket
being
upon
his
rest
,
until
such
time
he
is
relieved
:
but
as
concerning
him
,
I
shall
more
fully
set
forth
his
duty
,
treating
upon
the
duty
of
the
Sentinel
.
CHAP.
X.
The
manner
and
way
to
do
the
Funeral-posture
.
NExt
followeth
to
shew
how
to
do
the
Funeral-posture
:
the
properest
and
the
best
way
to
begin
this
posture
,
is
when
the
musket
is
rested
,
and
is
to
be
performed
after
this
manner
:
You
must
first
slip
up
your
musket
upon
the
rest
,
so
high
,
until
the
fork
of
the
rest
be
within
a
handful
of
the
cock
;
after
you
must
bring
your
right
hand
under
the
barrel
of
the
musket
,
close
to
the
fork
of
the
rest
,
and
then
lift
him
off
,
and
after
cast
your
Rest
backward
,
trailing
him
on
the
left
side
,
and
bring
your
Musket
under
your
left
arm
,
with
the
barrel
downwards
,
bearing
the
butt-end
upward
,
with
your
two
fore-fingers
and
your
thumb
,
holding
off
the
pan
,
and
that
with
the
left
hand
.
Now
if
you
begin
to
be
weary
in
the
march
,
by
reason
of
the
weight
of
the
musket
,
you
may
to
ease
your self
,
bring
your
right
hand
backward
,
and
there
take
hold
of
the
musket
,
keeping
still
your
left
hand
in
its
first
place
,
until
you
shall
reduce
him
to
the
Rest
again
.
The
reducement
of
the
Musket
from
the
Funeral-posture
.
FIrst
,
raise
up
your
Musket
a
little
with
your
two
fingers
and
thumbs
of
the
left
hand
,
as
you
formerly
held
him
;
then
turn
the
Musket
until
you
perceive
the
barrel
to
be
upward
;
after
lay
your
right
hand
upon
the
barrel
,
much
about
the
lazie
pin
;
and
then
taking
him
,
bring
him
up
forward
on
the
out-side
of
the
Rest
:
recover
your
Rest
,
fall
back
with
the
right
legge
,
you
may
with
ease
bring
your
Musket
again
upon
the
Rest
,
as
at
first
.
This
posture
being
so
seldome
used
,
makes
the
Souldier
much
to
seek
in
performance
of
the
same
;
but
he
that
takes
pleasure
in
handling
of
the
Musket
,
and
shall
exercise
himself
therein
,
cannot
chuse
but
find
it
very
easie
,
and
much
delightful
to
him
:
And
I
know
no
posture
more
becoming
a
Muskettier
then
this
,
if
it
be
near
,
and
well
performed
by
him
.
And
here
I
shall
conclude
,
and
end
discoursing
of
the
postures
.
CHAP.
XI
.
The
Souldiers
desire
to
know
every
particular
place
of
Dignity
,
as
they
stand
in
Rank
and
File
.
THe
Souldier
now
having
obtained
some
pretty
knowledge
,
skill
,
and
ready
aptness
in
the
managing
and
performing
the
postures
,
begins
to
look
about
himself
what
next
is
needful
for
to
fasten
upon
,
to
make
a
further
progress
in
this
Art
;
and
straight
he
meets
with
some
that
whispers
to
him
,
That
it
were
a
gallant
thing
to
know
the
Dignity
of
a
File
true
and
rightly
stated
:
To
which
he
answers
,
But
where
can
it
be
found
?
the
opinions
of
souldiers
are
so
various
and
differing
therein
,
that
none
knows
where
for
to
attain
it
.
My
Captains
eye
(
saith
he
)
is
upon
me
,
because
I
do
the
postures
well
,
which
causeth
the
Serjeants
to
make
me
a
File-leader
,
and
that
I
know
to
be
the
chiefest
and
first
place
of
Honour
in
the
File
;
the
second
place
to
be
the
bringer-up
;
the
third
,
the
half-file-leader
;
the
fourth
,
the
bringer-up
of
the
Front
half-files
.
Thus
far
,
no
souldier
of
any
known
judgment
can
deny
:
but
now a-dayes
our
Files
being
drawn
up
six
deep
,
makes
me
altogether
ignorant
of
the
honour
of
the
rest
;
neither
know
I
the
Dignity
of
a
File
eight
or
ten
deep
,
which
still
in
some
places
they
do
retain
,
drawing
them
up
so
deep
.
If
my
ambition
were
but
now
fully
satisfied
herein
,
I
should
in
time
come
for
to
know
the
Dignity
of
the
Captains
,
as
they
are
drawn
up
all
in
a
Regiment
;
by
which
Rule
I
am
informed
they
walk
.
And
in
my
judgment
,
there
cannot
be
a
truer
stating
the
Dignity
of
a
Rank
and
File
,
then
that
which
shall
conform
to
the
Dignities
of
the
Captains
,
as
they
are
drawn
up
abrest
all
in
a
Regiment
.
Now
for
as
much
as
many
Regiments
consist
of
several
numbers
of
Captains
,
and
Companies
in
them
;
as
some
six
Companies
,
others
eight
;
some
greater
,
as
ten
,
and
twelve
Companies
:
It
is
expedient
therefore
,
not
only
for
my self
,
but
for
every
souldier
that
will
be
truly
knowing
,
to
be
resolved
herein
concerning
those
several
numbers
;
and
as
occasion
shall
alter
to
any
other
,
they
may
inform
themselves
by
these
how
to
fit
their
purpose
.
And
therefore
not
to
keep
the
apt
and
forward
souldier
longer
in
suspence
,
but
that
he
may
proceed
,
I
shall
amongst
the
rest
,
declare
my
thoughts
therein
,
and
set
it
forth
unto
their
view
,
ever
hoping
from
my
fellow-souldiers
a
favourable
censure
of
my
good
meaning
to
them
and
to
my
Country
,
for
to
imploy
that
little
talent
which
lately
my
endeavours
have
obtained
to
do
them
service
:
And
shall
forthwith
set
down
unto
them
four
Tables
of
Dignity
,
both
of
Ranks
and
Files
,
which
shall
be
first
of
twelve
abrest
,
and
twelve
deep
.
Secondly
,
ten
abrest
,
and
ten
deep
.
Thirdly
,
eight
abrest
,
and
eight
deep
.
And
lastly
,
six
abrest
,
and
six
deep
:
wherein
every
ingenious
souldier
shall
easily
know
his
particular
place
of
Honour
and
Dignity
,
both
in
Rank
and
File
,
wherein
he
stands
.
The
places
of
Dignity
12
in
Rank
.
|
2
|
11
|
5
|
8
|
10
|
3
|
4
|
9
|
6
|
7
|
12
|
1
|
The
places
of
Dignity
12
deep
.
|
The
places
of
Dignity
10
in
Rank
.
|
|
|
12
|
2
|
9
|
5
|
8
|
3
|
4
|
7
|
6
|
10
|
1
|
The
places
of
dignity
10
deep
.
|
7
|
The
places
of
dignity
8
in
Rank
.
|
The
places
of
dignity
8
deep
.
|
10
|
6
|
2
|
5
|
8
|
3
|
4
|
7
|
6
|
1
|
6
|
9
|
Places
of
dign
6
in
Rank
.
|
Places
of
Dignity
6
deep
.
|
6
|
7
|
4
|
2
|
5
|
3
|
4
|
6
|
1
|
7
|
4
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
4
|
3
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
3
|
8
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
8
|
5
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
5
|
9
|
11
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
The
Table
being
thus
set
forth
unto
the
souldiers
view
,
as
is
before
exprest
,
methinks
I
hear
some
say
,
Sir
,
we
like
the
drawing
forth
,
and
the
manner
of
your
Table
very
well
;
we
see
cleerly
there
the
particular
places
how
every
man
stands
in
his
Dignity
both
in
Rank
and
File
,
according
to
your
several
Figures
;
but
we
beseech
you
,
Sir
,
be
so
favourable
as
to
make
us
understand
it
by
a
farther
demonstration
of
the
same
,
and
be
pleased
out
of
your
courteous
nature
to
explain
your self
a
little
farther
therein
;
and
to
afford
us
some
reasons
to
confirm
and
back
the
same
,
that
it
may
clearly
appear
to
our
judgments
the
truth
thereof
,
and
that
we
may
sit
down
and
rest
our selves
with
fullest
satisfaction
therein
.
To
answer
,
methinks
it
should
be
strange
to
make
denial
here
to
the
modest
desire
of
any
ingenious
souldier
,
and
clear
repugnant
to
my
wonted
custome
;
and
therefore
without
any
more
delay
,
I
shall
farther
let
them
know
CHAP.
XII
.
Reasons
for
the
places
of
Dignity
both
in
Rank
and
File
,
for
the
first
four
in
a
File
eight
deep
.
THat
which
gives
most
life
for
the
true
explaining
of
the
former
Table
is
,
to
shew
the
several
places
of
Honour
and
Dignity
of
the
Captains
,
how
they
are
drawn
up
abrest
all
in
a
Regiment
.
Be
pleased
therefore
to
go
along
with
me
,
and
you
shall
understand
that
the
Colonel
hath
the
first
place
of
honour
,
as
being
Commander
in
chief
,
whose
Company
stands
upon
the
right
,
which
makes
the
figure
(1)
.
The
second
place
of
honour
in
the
Regiment
is
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
,
whose
Company
is
drawn
up
upon
the
left
,
as
being
the
outmost
there
,
and
is
described
by
the
figure
(2)
.
The
third
place
of
honour
is
the
Majors
Company
,
which
is
drawn
up
upon
the
right
of
the
left
half
Ranks
,
whose
place
is
described
by
the
figure
(3)
.
The
fourth
place
of
honour
is
the
eldest
Captains
Company
,
which
is
drawn
up
upon
the
left
of
the
right
half
Ranks
,
and
is
set
forth
by
the
figure
(4)
.
And
now
we
have
proceeded
thus
far
,
we
will
make
Alt
,
and
begin
to
examine
whether
we
have
rightly
hitherto
proceeded
,
or
no
;
therefore
,
for
the
more
cleering
and
understanding
herein
,
you
must
take
notice
,
it
is
the
discretion
of
every
knowing
Commander
,
so
to
aim
and
state
his
Battail
,
as
that
he
makes
his
Front
equivalent
in
worth
,
strength
,
and
dignity
to
that
of
the
Reer
,
and
with
equal
proportion
of
number
;
and
in
like
manner
so
to
order
his
right
half
Ranks
,
as
that
they
may
carry
an
equal
ballance
in
worth
,
number
and
dignity
with
the
left
half
Ranks
.
Now
therefore
to
begin
to
make
some
trial
or
experiment
herein
,
by
examining
the
first
worth
with
the
fourth
,
and
that
will
make
the
number
(5)
and
then
put
to
trial
the
second
worth
and
third
,
and
you
shall
easily
discern
it
to
carry
the
same
proportion
of
number
.
So
that
it
may
appear
cleerly
in
the
judgment
of
any
discreet
souldier
a
true
and
equal
proportion
,
the
Front
with
the
Reer
,
the
right
half
Ranks
sutable
to
the
left
half
Ranks
,
and
that
both
in
number
,
honour
,
and
dignity
.
Having
thus
far
entred
into
the
discourse
,
it
remains
to
describe
and
shew
the
reasons
of
the
other
four
of
their
places
and
dignity
as
they
stand
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
Reasons
of
the
places
of
the
second
four
,
as
they
stand
in
Rank
and
File
,
the
File
being
eight
deep
.
NOw
for
the
further
resolution
herein
,
there
is
to
be
taken
notice
of
,
That
the
general
drawing
up
of
Regiments
,
when
they
consist
of
so
few
Companies
as
8
,
6
,
or
7
,
is
commonly
in
two
grand
Divisions
,
that
is
to
say
,
two
bodies
or
two
stands
of
Pikes
which
are
flanked
with
Muskettiers
.
Therefore
you
may
observe
,
the
discretion
of
the
Major
,
who
commonly
is
appointed
to
draw
up
the
Regiments
,
doth
so
order
the
places
of
the
Captains
,
that
they
may
aptly
fall
into
their
due
places
of
honour
,
upon
a
stand
and
upon
a
march
;
and
doth
so
order
their
dignities
as
before
is
exprest
,
as
to
make
both
the
Front
,
Reer
,
right
and
left
half
Ranks
equal
in
number
,
strength
,
and
dignity
.
And
therefore
he
draws
up
the
third
and
fourth
Captain
between
the
Colonels
Company
and
the
eldest
Captain
,
which
makes
their
number
(
13
)
and
in
like
manner
he
draws
the
second
Captain
and
the
youngest
Captain
between
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Company
and
the
Majors
,
whose
number
likewise
carries
equal
proportion
to
be
(
13
)
.
Now
if
you
please
to
examine
the
whole
number
of
the
right
half
Ranks
,
and
that
makes
(
18
)
make
trial
likewise
of
the
left
half
Ranks
,
in
casting
up
of
his
accompt
,
and
you
shall
find
the
same
proportion
of
number
as
is
clearly
set
forth
within
the
Table
,
both
of
Ranks
and
Files
;
for
as
the
honour
of
every
souldier
stands
in
the
Rank
,
you
will
find
the
same
to
stand
so
in
the
File
.
CHAP.
XIV
.
Other
Reasons
to
cleer
it
further
to
the
Souldier
.
TO
give
you
farther
satisfaction
,
and
Reasons
for
the
placing
of
the
second
four
,
in
respect
it
is
contrary
to
the
Rule
and
Judgment
of
some
Souldiers
,
therefore
farther
observe
with
me
this
,
When
a
Regiment
is
drawn
up
in
the
true
Order
of
a
Regimental
way
,
there
,
is
as
before
expressed
,
two
bodies
,
or
stands
of
Pikes
,
flanked
with
Muskettiers
;
and
it
is
the
Office
of
every
Major
to
give
forth
in
writing
notes
of
paper
unto
every
Captain
,
and
Lieutenant
,
where
their
place
shall
be
upon
a
Stand
,
and
where
upon
a
March
,
that
he
may
with
more
readiness
know
where
to
lead
,
and
where
to
fall
in
,
or
to
bring
up
,
as
occasion
shall
require
.
Now
,
for
as
much
that
it
hath
been
the
practice
here
in
England
,
and
in
most
Countries
also
besides
,
as
I
have
been
informed
by
very
able
knowing
souldiers
,
that
the
first
place
of
honour
that
is
appointed
out
unto
the
Captains
,
is
first
unto
the
eldest
,
who
alwayes
leads
the
Colonels
Colours
,
or
first
grand
Division
of
Pikes
,
which
is
the
greatest
honour
that
can
be
appointed
out
unto
the
Captains
,
and
therefore
most
properest
and
due
to
him
as
being
eldest
:
If
so
,
as
that
it
is
then
generally
granted
,
that
the
leading
of
the
Colonels
Colours
,
or
the
first
body
or
stand
of
Pikes
in
the
Colonels
grand
Division
,
is
the
first
and
chiefest
place
of
honour
amongst
the
Captains
;
why
then
,
certainly
,
I
must
conclude
the
second
Captain
,
which
carries
the
number
(5)
would
be
infinitely
wronged
and
injured
,
if
he
were
denied
,
and
not
brought
into
the
left
half
Ranks
,
for
there
he
aptly
stands
to
fall
in
,
to
lead
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Colours
,
or
the
second
body
or
stand
of
Pikes
,
which
is
the
second
place
of
honour
.
Now
having
resolved
,
that
it
is
cleerly
the
due
and
right
for
the
second
Captains
place
,
to
lead
the
second
body
of
Pikes
;
we
must
then
of
necessity
bring
in
the
youngest
Captain
into
the
left
half
Ranks
likewise
,
who
carries
the
number
(8)
and
that
will
make
up
an
equal
proportion
,
as
before
exprest
,
to
the
third
and
fourth
Captains
,
carrying
with
them
the
figures
(
6
and
7
)
which
are
drawn
up
in
the
right
half
rank
.
CHAP.
XV.
Reasons
given
for
the
last
Table
of
every
particular
Place
of
Honour
and
Dignity
,
as
they
stand
.
I
Conceive
what
formerly
hath
been
exprest
of
the
middle
Table
,
may
give
full
resolution
of
the
particular
places
of
Honour
and
Dignity
as
they
stand
both
in
Rank
and
File
.
It
further
now
remains
to
speak
somewhat
of
the
rest
,
and
therefore
I
shall
go
downward
,
cleering
still
the
first
four
places
of
honour
;
which
being
rightly
understood
,
the
rest
will
naturally
fall
into
the
capacity
of
any
ingenious
souldier
.
Therefore
further
pray
observe
with
me
this
again
in
examining
of
the
sutableness
and
equal
proportion
of
worth
and
number
of
the
first
and
fourth
worth
,
carrying
unto
that
of
the
second
and
third
.
And
thus
far
you
may
rest
,
and
satisfie
your self
therein
.
We
have
therefore
now
no
more
to
place
and
settle
,
but
the
fifth
and
sixth
worth
,
and
then
our
work
in
this
Table
will
be
quickly
finished
.
Therefore
of
necessity
,
as
formerly
expressed
,
we
must
bring
in
the
fifth
worth
into
the
left
half
Ranks
,
as
being
the
second
Captain
,
whose
proper
place
,
as
I
said
before
,
is
to
lead
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Colours
,
or
the
second
body
or
stand
of
Pikes
.
He
being
there
thus
fixed
,
we
have
no
more
to
place
but
the
sixth
worth
,
which
is
the
last
,
or
youngest
Captain
;
and
we
have
no
other
place
to
bring
him
in
,
but
between
the
first
and
fourth
worth
;
or
if
you
will
have
it
more
cleer
,
between
the
Colonel
and
eldest
Captain
.
But
,
here
by
the
way
,
I
am
like
to
meet
with
some
Objector
that
will
say
,
Sir
,
What
's
become
of
your
equal
proportion
here
?
Your
right
half
Ranks
,
with
your
left
,
as
you
have
so
formerly
stated
them
;
your
right
half
Ranks
carrieth
or
exceedeth
one
more
in
number
then
your
left
half
Ranks
doth
;
and
where
we
find
the
greater
number
,
we
must
conclude
the
lesser
dignity
;
and
if
so
,
Why
do
you
not
rather
contrive
it
on
the
left
,
then
upon
the
right
?
To
which
I
answer
,
first
,
That
in
raising
up
of
Companies
into
a
Regiment
,
those
that
are
the
Field-Officers
by
right
should
have
the
most
men
,
and
greater
Companies
,
then
the
private
Captains
have
:
therefore
if
you
will
observe
in
the
stating
of
this
Dignity
of
a
Rank
six
abrest
,
you
will
find
in
the
left
half
Rank
two
Field-Officers
,
whose
Companies
are
the
greater
then
any
private
Captains
;
certainly
,
they
must
needs
countervail
with
any
number
of
men
with
the
right
half
Ranks
;
for
although
the
Colonels
Company
is
,
or
ought
ever
to
be
the
greatest
,
yet
there
is
no
more
Field-Officers
,
but
himself
in
his
Division
.
And
again
,
secondly
,
where
there
cannot
be
an
equal
dividing
of
number
(
as
here
you
will
find
it
of
six
abrest
,
or
six
deep
)
but
that
there
will
fall
out
some
odd
,
either
on
the
right
half
Ranks
,
or
on
the
left
;
and
likewise
the
same
either
in
the
Front
half
files
,
or
Reer
half
files
,
as
by
example
in
the
trial
you
will
easily
find
,
by
casting
up
the
whole
number
as
they
stand
abrest
,
and
they
will
fall
out
to
be
(
21
)
divide
this
number
into
two
parts
,
and
you
cannot
but
must
cast
the
odd
either
on
the
right
or
on
the
left
:
Therefore
to
conclude
,
since
that
there
is
a
great
possibility
that
there
will
be
an
equality
of
number
of
men
in
the
left
half
Ranks
sutable
to
that
of
the
right
,
where
there
shall
fall
out
an
odd
number
,
that
you
cannot
cast
it
into
the
left
half
Ranks
,
but
that
you
must
remove
the
fifth
worth
;
in
this
extremity
I
say
you
may
not
do
it
,
but
rather
place
it
on
the
right
.
For
the
Major
having
no
certain
place
to
march
in
a
Regiment
,
it
is
the
proper
place
of
the
second
Captain
to
walk
along
with
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
,
taking
his
due
place
of
honour
in
his
Division
,
as
the
first
shall
do
by
marching
with
his
Colonel
;
And
thus
much
shall
suffice
to
be
spoken
of
the
last
Table
.
CHAP.
XVI
.
Reasons
likewise
to
be
given
for
the
Table
12
abrest
,
and
12
deep
.
FOr
as
much
as
formerly
hath
been
spoken
,
That
it
is
the
discretion
of
every
Commander
so
to
order
his
men
,
as
to
make
an
equal
ballance
throughout
the
battel
,
that
his
Front
carry
with
it
an
equal
proportion
of
worth
,
number
,
and
dignity
with
that
of
the
Reer
;
and
likewise
so
to
steer
and
order
his
right
half
rank
,
or
right
flank
,
sutable
to
that
of
the
left
:
The
next
way
then
to
receive
further
satisfaction
herein
,
is
by
an
examination
thereof
as
it
lies
,
and
is
set
open
to
view
.
2
:
11
:
|
5
:
8
:
|
10
:
3
:
|
4
:
9
:
|
6
:
7
:
|
12
:
1
:
|
|
39.
|
|
|
39.
|
|
Compare
now
the
worth
&
dignity
of
the
right
half
Ranks
,
&
you
shall
quickly
perceive
them
to
carry
a
like
proportion
of
number
and
worth
with
the
left
.
To
make
it
a
little
more
clear
unto
those
that
shall
desire
to
be
more
satisfied
herein
,
you
may
take
notice
,
and
observe
a
true
qualification
throughout
the
whole
rank
.
As
first
,
begin
with
the
Colonel
,
who
is
the
chiefest
man
of
honour
in
the
Regiment
;
and
next
to
him
is
placed
the
ninth
or
youngest
Captain
,
to
qualifie
his
dignity
,
and
makes
his
number
(
13
)
.
The
Lieutenant-Colonel
being
the
second
man
of
honour
,
hath
placed
to
him
the
eighth
,
which
qualifies
him
in
like
manner
to
the
Colonel
,
and
makes
his
number
(
13
)
.
Next
come
we
to
the
Major
,
and
next
to
him
is
placed
the
seventh
Captain
,
which
makes
him
sutable
with
the
rest
in
his
figure
and
qualification
,
and
to
bear
the
number
(
13
)
.
After
we
are
to
speak
of
the
eldest
Captain
,
who
hath
the
sixth
Captain
joyned
unto
him
,
and
makes
his
number
(
13
)
.
And
so
comparing
all
the
rest
,
dividing
them
by
two's
,
they
will
stand
as
followeth
.
2
:
11
:
|
5
:
8
:
|
10
:
3
:
|
4
:
9
:
|
6
:
7
:
|
12
:
1
:
|
13
|
13
|
13
|
13
|
13
|
13
|
|
39
|
|
|
39
|
|
Thus
much
,
I
conceive
,
may
give
a
right
understanding
to
any
coming-on
Souldier
of
the
true
and
right
stating
of
a
Rank
twelve
abrest
,
being
a
thing
very
needful
for
to
know
,
in
respect
that
there
are
many
Regiments
which
do
consist
of
twelve
Companies
;
and
when
in
course
,
as
in
the
sequel
of
this
Book
,
when
as
I
shall
shew
the
manner
of
drawing
up
of
twelve
Companies
;
there
will
a
little
more
light
appear
unto
them
to
their
farther
knowledge
of
the
same
.
But
thus
much
for
the
present
,
as
concerning
a
Rank
twelve
abrest
:
And
now
I
shall
come
to
speak
or
to
touch
a
little
of
a
Rank
ten
abrest
,
and
a
File
ten
deep
.
CHAP.
XVII
.
Brief
reasons
to
be
given
of
the
Dignity
of
places
of
a
Rank
ten
abrest
,
and
of
a
File
ten
deep
.
WHat
hath
been
formerly
declared
concerning
a
Rank
twelve
abrest
,
as
before
shewed
,
by
every
particular
place
of
honour
,
as
they
stand
with
the
reasons
for
the
same
;
it
may
give
a
cleer
understanding
by
the
same
rule
to
find
the
Dignity
of
places
ten
abrest
.
For
walking
by
the
same
way
and
rule
of
examination
,
and
you
will
find
them
to
carry
by
dividing
by
two's
,
being
added
to
the
four
first
places
of
honour
,
and
they
will
carry
sutable
proportions
,
as
underneath
is
set
forth
.
2
:
9
:
|
5
:
|
8
:
3
:
|
4
:
7′
|
6
:
|
10
:
1
:
|
11
:
|
|
11
:
|
11
:
|
|
11.
|
|
27
:
|
|
|
28
:
|
|
But
for
as
much
that
in
this
Range
of
ten
abrest
,
there
will
fall
out
some
odd
;
we
must
then
of
necessity-sake
place
it
upon
the
right
,
and
not
on
the
left
,
for
the
reasons
as
formerly
for
a
File
six
deep
declared
.
I
might
now
here
conclude
with
other
flourishing
Tables
,
which
might
be
little
profitable
unto
the
souldier
,
though
holding
out
discourse
more
fuller
in
an
Arithmetical
way
.
But
I
have
no
desire
to
fill
this
subject
with
plenty
of
unprofitable
words
and
frothy
flourishes
,
but
rather
driving
really
in
a
souldierly
way
,
to
make
all
things
both
plain
and
easie
to
every
courteous
Reader
that
shall
be
pleased
for
to
peruse
the
same
.
And
therefore
,
here
for
present
,
I
shall
conclude
,
what
more
might
here
be
spoken
by
Dignities
of
Ranks
and
Files
,
leaving
what
shall
remain
until
such
time
in
course
I
shall
again
meet
with
them
by
the
way
in
drawing
up
of
Regiments
.
CHAP.
XVIII
.
What
Distance
is
,
and
the
reasons
for
the
first
beginning
of
the
same
,
with
all
their
several
uses
.
HAving
thus
now
passed
over
several
reasons
,
and
with
as
much
brevity
as
I
could
,
to
satisfie
the
longing
desire
of
the
young
souldiers
request
of
every
particular
place
of
honour
as
they
stand
in
dignity
both
in
Rank
and
File
;
which
being
passed
over
,
the
next
will
follow
by
course
,
before
we
come
to
joyn
the
Files
into
a
Body
,
to
satisfie
the
souldier
of
each
particular
Distance
,
with
the
several
reasons
and
uses
of
the
same
:
for
next
to
the
Postures
it
is
the
first
thing
or
part
of
the
Military
exercise
,
and
most
necessary
for
the
souldier
to
be
knowing
in
.
Yet
I
must
confess
no
Commander
is
so
tied
up
or
limited
in
the
exercising
of
his
men
at
all
times
to
begin
with
Distances
first
,
so
as
to
shew
them
all
throughout
;
but
nevertheless
,
in
all
and
every
one
of
the
motions
in
the
exercising
of
a
Body
,
care
must
be
taken
that
the
souldier
have
his
proper
distance
for
performance
of
the
same
.
Neither
can
any
Leader
exercise
his
men
,
but
first
he
must
command
them
to
some
distance
sutable
to
what
he
will
begin
.
As
some
I
have
seen
begin
their
exercises
with
Facings
,
some
other
with
Doublings
,
others
with
Counter-marches
and
with
Wheelings
.
Yet
nevertheless
,
whoever
they
be
that
will
so
begin
,
as
I
said
before
,
must
command
his
souldiers
to
some
Distance
,
which
may
be
proper
for
the
same
.
But
for
my
own
part
,
my
purpose
is
to
go
throughout
all
parts
of
the
Military
exercise
of
Foot
,
and
therefore
will
go
on
in
order
as
they
lie
;
and
first
,
as
most
properest
,
I
shall
begin
with
Distances
,
to
shew
them
all
throughout
,
and
what
the
nature
of
them
be
.
Distance
therefore
really
considered
in
it self
,
is
no
Motion
;
but
there
are
several
motions
to
the
attaining
of
each
particular
Distance
,
both
in
length
and
depth
.
Therefore
briefly
thus
:
Distance
is
a
place
or
interval
of
ground
between
every
particular
File
and
File
,
and
betwixt
every
Rank
and
Rank
as
they
stand
,
and
attained
by
the
several
motions
of
Ranks
and
Files
,
and
consisting
of
several
proportions
of
ground
,
as
easily
may
be
understood
by
their
several
words
of
command
as
they
follow
.
CHAP.
XIX
.
The
several
sorts
of
Distances
which
are
fit
and
proper
for
the
Souldier
to
be
exercised
in
.
-
CLosest
Order
,
Which
is
both
in
Rank
and
File
Half
a
foot
,
-
Close
Order
,
Which
is
both
in
Rank
and
File
One
foot
and
half
,
-
Order
,
Which
is
both
in
Rank
and
File
Three
foot
,
-
Open
Order
,
Which
is
both
in
Rank
and
File
Six
foot
,
-
Double
Distance
,
Which
is
both
in
Rank
and
File
Twelve
foot
,
-
Twice
double
Distance
,
Which
is
both
in
Rank
and
File
Twenty
four
foot
.
Having
thus
set
down
every
Distance
with
their
several
proportions
of
ground
,
I
shall
next
proceed
to
the
words
of
command
to
the
opening
of
the
Ranks
and
Files
from
their
closest
Order
,
and
after
satisfie
the
Souldier
with
Reasons
,
and
the
uses
of
every
particular
Distance
,
as
they
go
along
in
order
.
CHAP.
XX.
Words
of
Command
for
the
opening
of
Ranks
and
Files
to
all
their
Distances
,
with
their
closings
again
.
THe
Commander
craving
silence
,
and
that
they
be
commanded
to
close
Ranks
and
Files
to
their
closest
Order
,
the
words
of
command
for
Distances
are
as
followeth
,
-
Files
open
to
the
right
,
to
your
Close
Order
,
-
Ranks
open
backward
to
your
Close
Order
,
-
Files
open
to
the
left
,
to
your
Order
,
-
Ranks
open
backward
to
your
Order
,
-
Files
open
to
the
right
and
left
to
your
Open
Order
,
-
Ranks
open
backward
to
your
Open
Order
,
-
Files
open
to
the
left
,
to
your
Double
Distance
,
-
Ranks
open
backward
to
your
Double
Distance
,
-
Files
open
from
the
midst
,
to
Twice
double
Distance
.
-
Ranks
open
backward
to
Twice
double
Distance
.
The
Ranks
and
Files
being
thus
opened
unto
their
twice
double
Distance
from
their
closest
Order
,
I
conceive
it
to
be
a
more
souldierly-like
way
in
the
Opening
and
Closing
of
Files
,
that
the
discretion
of
the
Commander
do
vary
,
and
alter
the
hand
in
the
commanding
of
them
,
then
alwayes
from
every
Distance
to
tie
himself
to
any
particular
hand
;
as
to
open
to
the
right
,
and
close
to
the
right
.
But
as
concerning
the
opening
of
Ranks
,
the
properest
way
in
my
judgment
is
to
open
them
alwayes
to
the
Reer
,
in
respect
it
is
performed
with
more
facility
:
For
every
Rank
from
the
first
takes
his
due
Distance
as
he
is
commanded
,
without
any
further
trouble
,
or
to
a
half-facing
to
the
right
,
by
taking
it
from
the
Reer
,
if
from
that
place
they
shall
be
opened
;
and
so
likewise
it
were
a
great
deal
better
in
the
closing
of
Ranks
,
to
close
them
forwards
,
in
respect
it
is
for
the
more
conveniency
of
their
closing
,
then
to
the
Reer
.
For
then
,
again
,
they
must
perform
a
half
-
facing
,
which
is
not
only
unhandsome
,
but
troublesome
to
the
souldier
.
All
that
can
be
said
to
maintain
it
,
(
as
I
conceive
,
in
opening
Ranks
forwards
)
is
because
they
have
not
room
in
the
Reer
;
which
seldome
happens
so
in
any
exercise
,
if
discreetly
ordered
by
him
that
leads
them
.
As
for
closing
of
the
Ranks
backwards
,
I
cannot
conceive
any
solid
reasons
to
confirm
the
same
,
and
therefore
will
pass
over
it
,
and
come
to
close
our
Ranks
and
Files
to
such
Distance
,
from
whence
they
first
were
opened
.
-
Files
close
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
to
Double
Distance
.
-
Ranks
close
forwards
,
to
Double
Distance
.
-
Files
close
to
the
right
,
to
your
Open
Order
,
-
Ranks
close
forwards
to
your
Open
Order
,
-
Files
close
into
the
midst
to
your
Order
,
-
Ranks
close
forwards
to
your
Order
,
-
Files
close
to
the
left
to
your
Close
Order
,
-
Ranks
close
forwards
to
your
Close
Order
,
-
Files
close
to
the
right
to
your
Closest
Order
.
-
Ranks
close
forwards
to
your
Closest
Order
.
Concerning
the
words
of
Command
for
Distances
,
in
the
openings
and
closings
of
Ranks
and
Files
,
what
before
is
set
down
,
may
be
sufficient
for
any
souldier
to
use
in
time
of
his
exercise
:
But
now
it
will
be
expected
to
give
some
reasons
for
every
one
of
these
,
to
shew
them
in
their
proper
uses
.
CHAP.
XXI
.
The
use
of
each
particular
Distance
,
and
at
what
time
to
be
used
.
WHerefore
,
first
note
,
that
your
distance
of
closest
Order
,
is
of
chiefest
use
unto
the
Pike
,
in
these
particulars
;
as
first
,
Charging
against
the
Horse
,
for
that
the
Ranks
then
clapping
in
their
left
legs
behind
their
Leaders
right
,
locking
themselves
so
firm
and
stedfast
,
one
within
another
,
which
't
were
impossible
for
any
Body
of
Horse
to
enter
in
amongst
them
.
Secondly
,
it
is
of
excellent
use
for
to
maintain
a
breach
,
and
to
keep
out
an
enemy
.
Thirdly
,
it
is
very
useful
to
both
Arms
,
at
such
time
when
a
Commander
hath
any
thing
of
consequence
to
discover
unto
his
Company
,
which
he
may
have
many
occasions
so
to
do
;
as
before
his
Exercise
,
to
advise
them
to
silence
,
to
observe
their
words
of
command
,
and
their
directions
;
and
when
they
are
to
fight
against
an
Enemy
,
to
perswade
and
keep
them
off
from
fear
,
by
assuring
them
good
reasons
of
hopes
of
overcoming
.
These
,
or
such-like
speeches
,
many
times
a
Captain
may
have
just
occasion
to
express
himself
unto
his
Company
;
and
being
at
so
close
a
Distance
,
they
may
more
aptly
hear
his
words
,
and
obey
his
Commands
.
But
here
now
by
the
way
,
too
much
preaching
upon
the
head
of
a
Company
concerning
matters
of
Exercise
,
is
too
much
a
dulling
of
the
souldier
,
who
rather
would
fall
into
action
,
then
so
to
be
confounded
with
much
talking
.
Close
Order
may
be
of
very
good
use
also
for
most
things
which
have
been
spoken
of
the
closest
Order
;
only
here
the
souldier
hath
a
little
more
liberty
in
the
handling
of
his
arms
by
being
at
a
wider
distance
.
This
distance
also
is
of
good
use
,
before
wheelings
,
because
many
times
upon
their
moving
,
they
are
apt
to
flie
out
to
their
proper
distance
of
Order
,
which
they
alwayes
should
be
at
in
their
wheelings
;
where
note
,
if
first
they
were
at
Order
,
they
would
flie
out
to
wider
distance
.
Order
is
the
distance
which
the
souldier
doth
fight
upon
,
and
is
to
be
used
skirmishing
against
an
enemy
;
it
is
also
useful
at
such
a
time
,
when
the
Drum
shall
beat
a
Troop
,
and
that
the
souldiers
are
marching
to
relieve
some
Court
of
Guard
,
or
making
some
expedition
against
an
enemy
,
for
then
they
are
in
a
fit
capacity
of
distance
for
to
fight
.
It
is
also
very
useful
,
and
to
be
observed
upon
facings
,
for
all
intire
doublings
,
and
for
wheelings
;
Order
likewise
in
File
,
and
open
Order
in
Rank
,
is
to
be
used
at
such
time
when
the
Drum
shall
beat
a
March
,
and
the
Body
upon
the
moving
or
marching
.
Open
Order
is
the
distance
proper
for
all
doublings
of
Ranks
and
Files
,
by
the
half-files
or
by
the
bringers-up
,
wherein
they
have
interval
of
ground
sufficient
to
move
in
.
It
is
also
a
very
proper
distance
for
facings
,
and
ever
to
be
observed
in
time
of
Counter-marches
.
It
is
the
properest
distance
for
the
Ranks
to
be
in
upon
a
march
,
but
the
Files
are
then
to
be
at
Order
,
as
is
before
exprest
.
The
use
of
double
Distance
is
to
be
observed
at
such
times
when
the
souldiers
shall
stand
,
or
happen
to
be
in
some
eminent
danger
of
the
Cannon-shot
from
the
Enemy
;
for
standing
then
so
thin
,
they
may
be
much
preserved
from
danger
:
it
is
likewise
very
good
for
Inversion
,
and
Conversion
.
You
may
take
notice
of
these
brief
directions
,
in
openings
of
Ranks
and
Files
;
when
the
Files
are
commanded
to
Open
to
the
right
,
the
left-hand
File
stands
,
and
all
the
Files
take
their
distance
from
the
left
;
observing
alwayes
in
the
motions
of
Files
,
their
Leaders
,
and
to
move
altogether
along
with
them
.
If
it
be
an
opening
of
Files
to
the
left
,
then
contrary-wise
the
right-hand
File
stands
,
and
they
take
their
distance
from
the
right
.
So
likewise
for
closings
unto
what
hand
soever
they
be
commanded
to
close
,
the
out-most
File
is
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
and
close
to
that
.
In
opening
or
closing
of
Ranks
,
the
first
Rank
is
alwayes
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
either
opening
or
closing
,
according
as
is
commanded
;
alwayes
observing
in
their
motions
their
right-hand-men
,
and
moving
altogether
.
CHAP.
XXII
.
Directions
of
the
way
and
manner
of
drawing
up
a
private
Company
.
THe
Postures
being
formerly
described
forth
,
the
dignity
of
places
in
a
File
,
and
words
of
Command
made
known
unto
the
souldier
for
their
several
distances
;
It
next
followeth
to
shew
the
joyning
of
Files
,
and
drawing
up
a
Company
;
where
first
pray
mind
at
such
times
when
the
Drums
are
beating
about
the
Quarters
,
and
in
several
places
make
Proclamation
,
(
as
by
order
from
their
Captain
)
for
all
Gentlemen
Souldiers
that
are
under
his
Command
,
to
repair
unto
his
Randezvous
,
unto
such
a
place
,
and
at
such
an
hour
;
then
it
must
be
the
immediate
care
of
every
Officer
under
his
Command
,
punctually
at
that
hour
and
place
,
thither
to
repair
,
for
the
more
incouraging
of
the
souldiers
as
they
shall
come
in
,
and
not
to
stir
themselves
from
thence
,
without
some
order
from
their
Captain
,
for
fear
of
giving
bad
examples
unto
others
.
And
when
they
shall
perceive
some
considerable
number
of
men
to
come
in
,
the
Serjeants
then
may
take
advice
with
their
Lieutenant
and
Ensign
,
which
of
them
they
will
appoint
out
to
draw
forth
the
Muskettiers
,
and
which
the
Pikes
,
and
whom
they
shall
make
the
right-hand
File-leader
of
the
Muskettiers
,
and
who
shall
be
the
left
;
and
again
,
who
shall
be
the
leader
of
the
right-hand
File
of
Pikes
,
and
who
shall
be
the
left
:
For
these
four
,
being
such
remarkable
places
of
Honour
unto
the
knowing
souldier
,
that
special
care
must
be
had
in
placing
deserving
men
to
be
there
.
Now
it
is
,
or
ought
to
be
the
discretion
of
every
Lieutenant
,
and
Ensign
,
(
as
being
Commission-Officers
)
to
resolve
the
Serjeants
herein
,
that
they
may
with
more
alacrity
go
on
to
draw
the
rest
up
between
;
and
so
to
order
unto
each
of
them
their
particular
duties
,
as
to
carry
equal
pains
in
drawing
forth
the
Files
.
Therefore
in
respect
that
for
the
most
part
in
every
Company
,
they
have
three
Serjeants
,
two
of
them
ought
to
take
charge
in
drawing
forth
the
Muskettiers
,
(
being
helpt
by
the
advice
of
their
Lieutenant
,
)
and
the
other
to
draw
forth
the
Files
of
Pikes
,
being
assisted
in
counsel
by
their
Ensign
:
for
at
such
times
the
Officers
ought
not
to
be
idle
,
and
to
stand
gazing
upon
each
other
;
but
every
one
,
according
to
his
particular
place
and
relation
,
should
be
very
active
and
assisting
to
each
other
.
In
the
drawing
up
the
Company
,
the
properest
way
will
be
then
,
as
you
may
understand
,
in
perfecting
up
a
Company
,
to
draw
them
forth
into
Files
,
and
to
make
them
fix
deep
;
as
being
our
custome
here
in
England
:
and
farther
to
have
care
in
choosing
able
souldiers
to
be
File-leaders
,
who
having
spent
some
time
and
pains
in
their
Files
in
shewing
them
their
Postures
,
they
may
be
called
to
joyn
into
a
body
.
For
farther
direction
herein
unto
the
Serjeants
(
whose
proper
place
it
doth
belong
unto
)
to
observe
this
order
in
drawing
up
their
Files
,
that
they
may
ingrosse
the
Pikes
into
one
body
by
themselves
,
and
the
Muskettiers
into
another
,
and
not
to
flank
the
Pikes
until
such
time
they
shall
perceive
that
in
both
Arms
they
are
compleat
:
There
are
likewise
several
places
of
honour
that
the
Serjeants
ought
to
take
notice
of
,
and
to
be
informed
of
placing
of
men
of
worth
and
desert
in
both
Arms
,
that
is
to
say
,
in
the
body
of
Pikes
,
and
of
the
Muskettiers
,
which
underneath
by
figures
I
shall
set
forth
for
farther
satisfaction
therein
.
formation
Here
I
have
set
down
the
manner
how
the
Serjeants
should
draw
up
their
Files
in
each
Arms
apart
by
themselves
,
and
have
figured
forth
unto
them
the
four
chief
places
of
honour
in
both
Arms.
It
concerns
them
therefore
very
much
to
mind
and
have
regard
to
these
particular
places
,
and
to
order
such
men
of
worth
there
,
which
may
be
well
deserving
of
the
same
;
and
those
Gentlemen
whom
they
shall
think
fit
after
to
be
worthy
of
File-leaders
places
,
they
are
to
draw
them
up
between
the
figure
(1)
and
the
figure
(4)
,
and
between
the
figure
(3)
and
the
figure
(2)
and
that
Rule
to
observe
in
both
Arms
;
and
to
be
careful
to
place
good
souldiers
in
the
Reer
,
and
such
who
may
be
able
souldiers
for
half-File-leaders
,
because
there
may
be
much
occasion
by
Doublings
to
bring
them
up
for
to
assist
the
Front
.
Thus
much
,
I
do
confess
,
may
be
sufficient
for
the
present
to
give
directions
to
the
Serjeants
for
the
drawing
up
the
Files
,
and
joyning
them
together
.
Next
,
after
I
have
shewn
how
to
flank
their
Pikes
with
Muskettiers
,
I
will
set
forth
unto
them
and
the
Drums
,
where
their
places
are
upon
a
stand
,
and
where
to
be
put
upon
a
march
.
Next
followeth
to
flank
the
stand
of
Pikes
with
the
Muskettiers
;
command
the
Gentlemen
of
the
Pikes
to
face
to
the
right
,
and
left
half-Ranks
of
Muskettiers
to
Face
to
the
left
,
and
then
to
march
and
interchange
ground
,
facing
after
to
their
leaders
,
and
closing
Files
inward
to
order
,
they
will
stand
as
underneath
is
set
forth
.
formation
formation
Having
thus
stated
to
them
all
their
proper
places
,
next
it
will
be
convenient
for
the
Captain
to
command
them
to
shoulder
their
Arms
,
both
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
;
and
the
Officers
and
Drums
taking
all
their
places
,
as
before
directed
,
they
may
begin
to
move
and
draw
forth
into
a
long
march
,
as
here
you
see
.
CHAP.
XXIII
.
Several
reasons
given
for
the
placing
of
the
Serjeants
after
this
manner
.
WHen
a
Body
is
drawn
up
in
manner
as
before
expressed
;
the
Captain
being
Commander
in
chief
,
his
discretion
is
to
ballance
the
Officers
as
near
as
he
can
with
equal
dignity
and
worth
,
his
Front
proportionally
with
the
Reer
.
To
which
purpose
he
takes
unto
himself
the
youngest
Serjeant
,
and
places
him
on
the
right
Angle
in
the
Front
,
whereby
he
may
be
there
ready
to
march
down
into
the
Body
or
elsewhere
,
according
unto
the
discretion
of
the
Captain
,
to
fulfil
his
commands
;
as
also
to
stand
there
as
a
spectator
of
the
Captains
actions
,
and
an
assistant
,
which
may
be
much
improvement
to
him
.
And
in
like
manner
he
commands
the
third
Serjeant
to
the
left
Angle
in
the
Reer
;
as
being
the
second
youngest
,
and
may
be
a
help
unto
his
Lieutenant
there
,
as
the
fourth
is
to
him
in
the
Front
.
The
eldest
Serjeant
he
orders
to
the
left
Angle
in
the
Front
,
as
being
the
most
honourable
place
for
him
,
being
there
ready
to
lead
upon
a
march
the
Van
of
the
Reer-Guard
;
and
the
second
Serjeant
he
is
appointed
to
stand
on
the
right
Angle
of
the
Reer
,
to
make
them
equal
in
dignity
unto
the
Front
.
Now
if
you
please
to
examine
the
dignity
of
the
Serjeants
in
the
first
place
,
as
the
first
Serjeant
and
the
fourth
,
making
the
number
(5)
and
after
take
a
view
of
the
second
place
,
or
Reer
,
and
there
you
shall
observe
that
the
second
Serjeant
,
and
third
,
may
every
way
ballance
themselves
,
to
be
equivalent
in
the
worth
with
the
first
and
fourth
,
carrying
with
them
alike
the
same
number
.
So
that
it
is
clearly
evident
,
that
the
Serjeants
are
rightly
stated
in
number
and
dignity
,
the
Front
proportionably
with
the
Reer
,
in
the
judgement
of
any
knowing
Souldier
.
Something
more
may
be
spoken
of
the
second
Serjeants
place
,
which
you
may
take
notice
in
his
march
,
to
lead
the
second
Division
of
Pikes
,
which
is
the
most
honourablest
place
of
leading
that
is
appointed
forth
unto
the
Serjeants
,
the
first
only
excepted
;
and
upon
a
stand
,
when
they
shall
lead
up
their
Divisions
,
every
Serjeant
is
to
betake
him
unto
his
place
,
as
they
were
at
first
placed
,
and
to
continue
there
until
such
time
they
shall
receive
further
order
from
their
Captain
.
Thus
much
,
I
conceive
,
may
give
satisfaction
unto
the
discreet
Souldier
in
these
particulars
,
leaving
them
liberty
to
judge
according
unto
their
own
best
thoughts
,
while
we
endeavour
to
draw
up
our
Divisions
all
abrest
again
,
and
to
make
some
description
of
a
Body
.
The
Captain
upon
his
March
having
attained
some
convenient
place
to
draw
up
his
Company
,
makes
Alt
,
and
commands
the
Serjeants
to
lead
up
their
Divisions
upon
the
left
,
and
causes
the
Muskettiers
to
open
from
the
Pikes
,
making
sufficient
intervals
for
the
Drums
,
to
beat
two
abrest
,
even
with
the
Front
,
the
first
two
between
the
right-hand-File-leader
of
Pikes
,
and
the
Muskettiers
upon
the
right
;
the
second
two
Drums
doing
the
like
upon
the
left
.
And
always
the
Captain
ought
to
march
his
company
after
this
manner
all
abrest
,
provided
he
have
ground
sufficient
for
the
same
.
And
being
far
more
graceful
so
to
do
,
then
to
march
them
stragling
upon
a
long
march
,
for
it
doth
represent
in
some
kind
the
manner
of
marching
of
a
Regiment
;
and
at
such
times
the
Serjeants
are
to
march
upon
the
Angles
,
as
is
before
described
,
moving
to
and
again
sometimes
upon
the
Flanks
,
and
causing
the
Souldiers
to
keep
their
Distance
of
order
in
File
,
and
open
order
in
Rank
,
and
to
march
all
even
abrest
,
and
after
to
return
again
unto
their
places
.
CHAP.
XXIV
.
Before
I
come
to
make
description
of
a
Body
,
I
shall
shew
some
further
Reasons
of
the
Serjeants
places
of
lesser
Companies
,
with
the
placing
of
the
Drums
.
IT
happens
many
times
some
Companies
falls
not
out
so
large
,
as
is
before
set
forth
,
and
that
they
have
but
three
Serjeants
,
and
therefore
it
would
be
known
,
when
that
they
have
but
one
Division
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Van
,
two
Divisions
of
Pikes
,
and
one
Division
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
,
which
is
the
Reer-Guard
,
where
then
the
placing
of
these
three
Serjeants
,
and
three
Drums
shall
be
upon
their
long
March
,
and
where
to
be
marching
all
abrest
.
To
which
,
I
answer
,
in
the
first
place
,
the
youngest
Serjeant
is
always
to
attend
the
Captain
,
and
having
no
Division
to
lead
,
he
is
to
be
upon
the
right
Angle
of
the
Front
,
there
expecting
his
Captains
pleasure
and
commands
;
and
the
second
Serjeant
is
to
lead
the
second
Division
of
Pikes
,
and
the
eldest
Serjeant
to
lead
the
last
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
or
the
Reer-Guard
:
here
are
their
places
upon
the
long
march
.
But
when
they
are
drawn
up
,
and
so
march
even
abrest
,
the
youngest
Serjeants
place
,
as
is
before
exprest
,
is
to
march
upon
the
right
Angle
in
the
Front
,
and
the
eldest
upon
the
left
,
the
second
Serjeant
is
to
march
in
the
right
Angle
in
the
Reer
.
They
having
their
places
thus
stated
,
are
to
move
sometimes
up
and
down
upon
the
Flanks
in
their
marching
,
causing
the
Souldiers
to
keep
their
due
distance
of
order
in
File
,
and
open
order
in
Rank
,
and
to
march
even
abrest
,
and
after
they
may
return
to
their
places
again
.
But
here
,
methinks
,
I
meet
with
some
Objector
by
the
way
,
who
saith
,
the
eldest
is
much
wronged
herein
;
for
that
it
is
his
proper
place
to
be
upon
the
right
;
that
when
Forlorns
are
drawn
off
against
an
Enemy
,
he
is
there
ready
first
to
lead
them
on
,
claiming
it
as
his
due
to
give
the
first
on
set
,
and
therefore
far
more
honour
for
him
to
be
on
the
right
then
on
the
left
,
and
the
eldest
Serjeant
rather
placed
on
the
left
then
on
the
right
.
As
for
the
second
Serjeants
place
,
't
is
fit
he
should
be
in
the
Reer
,
to
assist
the
Lieutenant
there
,
he
having
none
but
he
to
help
him
,
if
any
occasion
should
require
.
To
which
I
answer
,
that
it
is
the
youngest
Serjeants
place
to
be
upon
the
right
Angle
,
either
upon
a
Stand
,
or
upon
a
March
,
and
not
the
eldest
,
for
these
reasons
following
.
The
youngest
Serjeant
is
not
placed
there
for
any
honour
that
it
is
to
him
,
for
he
hath
no
Division
at
all
to
lead
upon
the
March
(
except
the
Company
be
very
great
)
and
if
so
,
he
is
placed
so
near
the
Captain
,
to
be
serviceable
to
him
,
to
carry
and
convey
his
pleasures
unto
all
the
rest
of
the
Officers
.
As
for
the
leading
of
the
Van-guard
upon
the
March
,
the
Captain
takes
that
place
unto
himself
;
and
it
is
far
more
honour
unto
the
eldest
Serjeant
to
be
a
Leader
of
the
Reer-guard
,
or
entirely
the
left
Flank
,
then
to
lead
a
Subdivision
of
Pikes
.
And
besides
that
,
it
is
properest
for
his
place
to
be
upon
the
left
,
when
they
are
all
drawn
up
upon
a
brest
,
for
these
two
reasons
;
as
first
,
he
is
thereupon
in
readiness
to
take
his
due
place
,
upon
the
sub-dividing
on
the
long
March
;
and
again
,
upon
a
Stand
,
when
they
are
all
drawn
up
,
and
ready
to
engage
against
an
Enemy
,
and
the
Forlorns
to
be
drawn
forth
,
equally
alike
from
both
Flanks
,
he
is
then
as
ready
in
the
Front
to
execute
his
Captains
Commands
,
the
youngest
Serjeant
being
likewise
sent
to
be
something
helpful
to
him
,
and
attending
after
for
further
order
from
his
Captain
,
to
send
him
relief
by
the
second
Serjeant
,
as
occasion
shall
require
.
So
that
in
my
judgement
,
take
it
either
upon
the
long
March
,
or
otherwise
,
when
drawn
all
up
even
abrest
,
all
things
are
so
stated
,
for
his
due
honour
and
place
,
that
he
hath
no
reason
to
complain
,
nor
any
of
the
rest
,
having
all
their
due
and
proper
places
which
doth
belong
unto
them
.
As
for
the
placing
of
the
Drums
upon
the
long
March
,
every
Division
ought
to
have
his
Drums
fall
between
such
Ranks
as
before
exprest
;
excepting
only
the
second
Division
of
Pikes
,
which
may
be
excused
,
when
they
are
to
beat
a
March
,
as
being
all
drawn
up
,
they
are
to
fall
in
two
,
to
beat
even
abrest
upon
the
right
,
and
one
upon
the
left
,
as
is
before
set
down
.
If
it
should
chance
further
in
a
Company
,
to
be
so
small
to
have
but
three
Divisions
,
that
is
to
say
,
one
Division
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Van
,
the
Body
of
Pikes
in
the
midst
,
and
another
Division
of
Muskettiers
to
bring
up
the
Reer-guard
,
and
having
but
two
Serjeants
and
two
Drums
;
the
youngest
Serjeants
place
will
be
as
before
mentioned
,
upon
the
right
in
the
Front
,
and
the
eldest
Serjeant
upon
the
left
,
and
to
take
his
place
to
lead
the
last
Division
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
long
March
;
and
the
first
Drum
to
beat
in
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
and
the
second
to
beat
and
to
march
along
amongst
the
Pikes
.
I
have
a
little
more
enlarged
my self
in
this
Discourse
of
placing
of
the
Serjeants
,
then
I
at
first
intended
;
but
meeting
many
times
with
several
Souldiers
,
desiring
satisfaction
in
every
one
of
these
particulars
,
I
shall
perhaps
undergo
here
the
hard
censure
of
some
,
for
this
my
tedious
Discourse
;
but
such
others
which
desire
to
be
knowing
herein
,
I
hope
they
will
have
a
more
favourable
opinion
of
my
good
meaning
unto
them
.
And
here
I
shall
conclude
for
the
present
,
concerning
the
particular
places
of
the
Serjeants
in
every
private
Company
;
and
now
supposing
,
as
by
order
from
the
Captain
,
the
Serjeants
have
brought
up
their
Divisions
,
standing
again
,
as
before
,
expecting
something
more
to
be
spoken
unto
them
,
they
silently
stand
to
hear
what
follows
.
CHAP.
XXIV
.
A
Description
of
a
Body
of
men
throughout
,
with
all
their
several
parts
and
kinds
.
IT
is
very
necessary
knowledge
to
every
particular
Souldier
,
to
be
acquainted
throughout
with
all
the
parts
of
a
Body
of
men
drawn
up
,
with
their
several
extents
and
bounds
,
and
with
the
true
understanding
of
the
same
.
Where
first
note
the
Description
of
Files
;
a
File
is
a
Sequence
of
men
,
consisting
of
Leaders
and
Followers
,
from
the
first
unto
the
last
;
the
joyning
of
Files
flank-wise
maketh
Ranks
,
and
is
the
compleating
up
of
a
Body
:
for
one
File
alone
cannot
be
said
to
have
any
Ranks
in
it
,
but
joyning
two
or
more
Files
together
unto
one
,
you
may
account
them
(
provided
they
be
six
deep
)
to
have
so
many
Ranks
for
number
,
as
doth
extend
from
their
Leaders
to
their
Bringers-up
.
And
further
know
,
that
a
Rank
is
a
Row
of
men
,
standing
shoulder
to
shoulder
,
in
an
even
line
from
the
left
Flank
to
the
right
;
or
from
the
outmost
man
upon
the
left
,
unto
the
outmost
man
upon
the
right
;
standing
all
in
a
row
File-wise
.
Neither
can
it
be
said
of
one
Rank
,
to
have
any
Files
in
it
;
for
as
the
closing
of
Files
to
Files
,
makes
Ranks
;
so
the
adding
of
Ranks
to
Ranks
,
makes
Files
.
As
for
the
Depth
of
Files
,
they
have
in
these
latter
Ages
much
varied
therein
;
sometimes
making
them
sixteen
deep
,
others
ten
,
and
eight
deep
,
and
now
lately
,
they
have
brought
them
unto
six
deep
,
as
being
the
custom
of
the
Swedes
and
the
French
,
and
altogether
now
the
practice
here
in
England
.
In
which
form
and
way
,
I
purpose
to
walk
.
But
to
proceed
to
my
former
promise
to
the
Souldier
:
There
is
in
every
Body
of
men
drawn
up
,
consisting
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
,
whether
of
greater
or
smaller
number
,
it
makes
no
matter
;
A
Front
,
a
Reer
,
a
Right-flank
,
and
a
Left-flank
;
there
is
also
Front-half-files
,
and
Reer-half-files
;
there
is
a
Right-half-ranks
,
and
a
Left-half-ranks
;
and
there
is
a
Length
and
Depth
of
the
Battail
:
and
of
every
one
of
these
in
their
several
kinds
.
They
have
their
particular
extents
and
bounds
,
according
to
their
number
of
men
.
Therefore
,
take
notice
in
the
first
place
,
that
the
Front
is
the
first
Rank
,
or
Row
of
men
,
which
are
the
File-leaders
,
and
chief
men
of
their
Files
,
who
properly
ought
to
take
charge
of
their
Files
,
being
as
it
were
their
Captains
,
and
leads
them
first
on
in
the
Brunt
against
a
furious
Enemy
.
The
extent
of
the
Front
is
from
the
left-hand
File-leader
,
unto
the
Leader
of
the
right-hand
File
.
The
Reer
is
the
last
Row
or
Rank
of
men
,
being
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Files
,
who
next
the
Leaders
are
the
chiefest
men
of
honour
in
the
File
,
and
are
as
it
were
unto
them
,
their
Lieutenants
;
and
in
the
absence
of
their
Leaders
,
they
are
to
take
charge
of
the
File
,
and
to
instruct
them
in
their
postures
:
the
extent
of
the
Reer
,
is
from
the
Bringer-up
of
the
left-hand
File
,
unto
the
place
of
the
Bringer-up
of
the
right
.
The
right
Flank
is
the
outmost
File
upon
the
right
,
where
always
ought
,
by
the
way
,
to
be
very
able
Souldiers
placed
,
because
they
first
give
onset
,
or
fire
against
the
Enemy
,
if
on
that
part
they
shall
be
charged
;
the
extent
of
the
right
Flank
is
from
the
Leader
of
the
right-hand
File
,
unto
the
Bringer-up
of
the
same
.
The
left
Flank
likewise
is
the
outmost
File
upon
the
left
,
and
his
extent
is
from
the
Leader
of
the
left-hand
File
,
unto
the
Bringer-up
.
The
Front
half-Files
extent
or
bounds
,
reacheth
no
farther
then
from
the
Front
,
unto
the
midst
of
Ranks
,
or
to
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Front
half-files
,
which
being
but
six
deep
,
is
the
third
Rank
from
the
Front
;
and
the
length
of
the
same
reacheth
from
the
outmost
part
of
the
left
Flank
,
until
you
come
unto
the
right
.
The
Reer
half-Files
beginneth
from
the
midst
of
Ranks
,
or
from
the
fourth
Rank
from
the
Front
,
and
runneth
downward
in
his
depth
to
the
Bringer-up
of
the
whole
File
;
and
the
Length
of
the
same
is
to
be
taken
side-wise
,
as
they
stand
shoulder
to
shoulder
,
from
the
outmost
man
upon
the
left
,
unto
the
outmost
man
upon
the
right
.
The
right
half-Ranks
in
their
Length
runneth
no
farther
,
then
from
the
outmost
man
upon
the
right
,
unto
the
midst
of
Files
,
or
to
the
left-hand
File-leader
of
the
right
half-Ranks
;
the
Depth
of
the
right
half-Ranks
reacheth
from
the
Front
,
running
down
unto
the
Reer
.
As
for
the
left
half-Ranks
,
as
much
may
be
said
,
to
take
his
Length
from
the
midst
of
Files
,
or
from
the
right-hand
File-leader
,
of
the
left
half-Ranks
unto
the
outmost
Files
upon
the
left
;
the
Depth
of
the
left
half-Ranks
,
may
be
understood
in
form
and
manner
conformable
to
the
right
.
Next
come
we
to
speak
of
the
Length
and
Depth
of
the
whole
Battail
:
the
Length
of
the
Battail
is
ever
to
be
accounted
of
the
number
of
men
in
a
Rank
,
and
not
in
a
File
;
for
the
Files
perhaps
may
not
be
above
six
deep
,
when
that
there
may
be
hundreds
in
a
Brest
in
the
Ranks
:
and
farther
,
the
Length
of
any
Battail
is
to
be
taken
from
the
outmost
point
of
the
left
Flank
,
or
left-hand
File-leader
,
stretching
it self
forth
by
an
even
Line
along
,
until
you
come
to
the
outmost
point
of
right
Flank
,
or
right-hand
File-leader
;
the
Depth
of
the
Battail
always
is
to
be
taken
from
the
Front
or
first
Rank
,
and
going
down
backward
in
a
straight
Line
down
to
the
Reer
,
to
the
last
Rank
,
or
to
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Files
.
For
as
the
Length
of
the
Battail
is
to
be
taken
from
the
left
Flank
,
going
along
in
Front
unto
the
right
;
so
the
Depth
of
the
Battail
is
to
be
taken
from
the
Front
,
going
backward
down
to
the
Reer
.
There
is
also
to
be
understood
,
that
in
every
Battalia
drawn
up
,
there
are
other
parts
and
Denominations
,
very
considerable
to
be
known
,
that
is
,
in
every
such
an
one
,
there
is
a
Van-Guard
,
a
Reer-Ward
,
and
Main-Battail
.
The
Van-Guard
are
the
Muskettiers
upon
the
right
,
or
the
right
Flank
;
or
as
most
commonly
called
amongst
us
in
these
days
,
the
Right-wing
,
or
the
Left-wing
,
which
are
the
Muskettiers
,
and
the
Flankers
of
the
Body
of
Pikes
;
the
reason
,
as
I
conceive
,
the
Muskettiers
are
accounted
and
called
Wings
,
is
because
they
are
first
drawn
off
,
as
by
flying
motions
in
Forlorns
,
to
engage
against
an
Enemy
;
but
of
this
by
the
way
.
To
proceed
:
the
Reer-Ward
or
Reer-Guard
,
are
the
Muskettiers
on
the
left
Flank
;
and
the
Battail
is
the
Body
of
Pikes
;
and
here
I
shall
conclude
concerning
the
description
of
a
Body
.
CHAP.
XXVI
.
Directions
to
all
such
as
shall
desire
to
exercise
a
Foot-Company
,
with
some
admonitions
to
the
Souldiers
as
shall
be
exercised
by
them
.
HE
that
intends
to
exercise
a
Body
of
men
,
must
truly
know
what
he
shall
command
,
and
so
to
give
his
directions
unto
the
Souldiers
,
as
they
may
aptly
make
ready
execution
of
the
same
.
He
must
at
such
times
above
all
the
rest
,
assume
unto
himself
the
confidence
and
presence
(
as
near
as
he
is
able
)
of
a
compleat
Souldier
.
He
is
also
to
stretch
out
his
voice
so
,
as
he
may
conveniently
be
heard
,
and
understood
by
the
inferior
Officers
and
Souldiers
;
which
will
cause
them
more
readily
to
obey
his
commands
.
He
ought
to
carry
a
chearful
countenance
unto
them
,
provided
they
do
well
;
but
otherwise
,
if
carelesly
disregarding
his
Commands
,
he
may
look
harshly
upon
them
.
His
eyes
ought
to
be
quick
and
nimble
,
observing
all
their
motions
,
whether
it
be
to
the
right
or
left
,
to
the
Front
or
Reer
,
and
nimbly
stepping
to
them
,
to
stay
them
,
if
disorderly
they
swerve
awry
from
what
he
first
intended
.
He
must
likewise
order
all
his
words
of
Command
so
,
as
that
they
may
be
proper
,
and
clearly
pronounced
forth
unto
the
Souldier
,
without
any
faltering
.
And
in
every
one
of
these
,
to
see
the
Souldier
leasurely
and
easily
perform
the
same
in
a
compleat
manner
.
He
must
not
be
too
quick
in
his
words
of
Command
,
but
carefully
see
what
before
commanded
well
done
,
and
then
he
may
proceed
unto
the
next
.
In
time
of
his
Exercise
,
he
must
seriously
mind
what
he
is
to
do
,
and
not
to
have
his
thoughts
extravagantly
carried
away
upon
any
other
Subject
,
for
fear
he
be
out
;
but
if
any
such
thing
should
happen
through
forgetfulness
,
he
ought
not
to
be
daunted
,
but
to
pull
up
the
spirit
of
a
Souldier
as
well
as
he
can
,
and
endeavour
to
reduce
them
again
.
For
it
is
a
rare
thing
to
be
found
,
for
a
Leader
to
be
so
exquisite
in
his
Exercising
,
as
not
to
be
sometimes
out
;
and
in
my
observation
of
most
,
at
one
time
or
another
,
I
have
found
them
so
to
be
.
His
discretion
also
ought
to
be
such
,
as
to
cull
out
,
and
chuse
those
things
that
be
chiefest
,
as
flowers
out
of
a
Garden
,
to
fit
and
compleat
up
his
Exercise
in
a
Souldier-like
way
;
which
may
be
most
properest
for
service
and
use
,
which
will
bring
to
him
far
more
commendations
and
praise
in
the
judgement
of
every
knowing
Souldier
,
then
to
spend
his
time
upon
unnecessary
toyes
;
but
yet
sometimes
,
to
please
the
fancy
of
the
curious
,
at
their
private
meetings
he
may
use
some
things
for
delight
,
to
support
and
uphold
their
private
Exercises
,
which
have
nurst
up
here
in
London
many
able
Souldiers
and
Commanders
,
who
have
been
serviceable
to
our
Nation
.
It
is
a
very
necessary
thing
likewise
that
a
Leader
sometimes
do
acquaint
the
Souldiers
of
the
use
of
their
several
Distances
,
Facings
,
Doublings
,
Counter-marches
,
and
Wheelings
,
and
of
all
things
else
he
shall
command
;
but
in
such
a
manner
,
that
he
dwell
not
too
long
upon
any
thing
he
shall
declare
unto
them
,
for
dulling
of
the
Souldiers
,
who
rather
would
be
pleased
with
more
actings
,
then
by
too
much
talkings
;
which
spins
out
the
time
,
as
sometimes
ordered
,
to
very
little
purpose
.
He
must
be
very
careful
of
every
word
of
Command
he
gives
,
that
the
Souldiers
be
ordered
in
their
due
Distance
,
sutable
to
the
same
,
of
what
kind
soever
it
be
;
and
if
it
shall
be
lost
in
their
movings
or
marchings
,
he
must
endeavour
to
bring
them
to
it
again
.
He
is
likewise
to
acquaint
the
Souldiers
when
they
are
drawn
up
,
to
look
about
them
,
and
to
mind
their
several
places
,
how
they
stand
in
the
Body
,
whether
they
be
in
even
Ranks
from
the
Front
,
or
odd
;
if
even
,
and
upon
any
doubling
of
Ranks
,
they
are
the
men
to
double
the
odd
;
if
half-file-leaders
,
that
they
be
commanded
to
double
the
Front
;
they
must
advance
their
Arms
,
and
are
Leaders
of
that
Motion
to
come
up
to
double
the
Front
;
if
Bringers-up
commanded
to
double
,
they
are
alike
to
do
the
same
;
if
Bringers
up
of
the
Front-half-files
,
and
that
they
be
commanded
to
double
the
Reer
,
they
likewise
are
to
advance
their
Arms
,
to
face
about
,
and
are
to
begin
to
lead
them
down
to
the
Reer
.
They
should
likewise
take
notice
how
they
stand
in
their
Files
,
whether
even
from
the
right
,
or
no
;
if
even
,
and
there
be
any
command
to
double
Files
to
the
right
,
they
all
are
to
move
,
and
double
the
odd
;
if
commanded
to
double
to
the
left
,
they
then
stand
odd
;
and
the
others
are
to
move
,
and
double
them
.
They
likewise
are
to
mind
their
places
,
who
are
upon
the
Flanks
,
for
a
doubling
either
to
Front
or
Reer
by
the
half-Files
;
they
first
begin
to
march
,
and
how
they
stand
there
as
right
and
left-hand
men
in
even
Ranks
;
for
by
any
doublings
of
Ranks
entire
,
or
by
Division
,
they
likewise
are
the
Leaders
of
the
Motion
.
There
ought
also
advice
be
given
to
the
middle
File-leaders
,
to
know
their
places
;
for
if
there
should
be
any
doublings
of
the
half-Ranks
,
they
then
are
first
to
move
,
and
to
begin
the
motion
.
This
caution
being
sometimes
quickly
run
over
in
advising
of
the
Souldiers
,
that
they
should
ever
mind
when
they
are
first
drawn
up
into
a
body
these
particular
places
,
they
would
not
stand
so
carelessy
and
so
ignorantly
in
a
Body
,
as
many
times
they
do
,
not
knowing
which
way
to
move
without
a
great
deal
of
pains
and
directions
from
their
Leader
;
for
there
being
so
many
occasions
of
doublings
of
these
kinds
,
that
it
is
a
necessary
thing
for
every
Souldier
to
be
acquainted
with
the
same
.
Yet
it
is
not
only
sufficient
that
the
Souldiers
do
mind
their
places
as
they
stand
in
a
body
,
according
to
the
direction
of
their
Leader
,
as
before
set
forth
unto
them
,
but
that
they
be
likewise
,
in
the
time
of
their
Exercise
,
very
silent
in
the
body
,
and
helpful
unto
their
fellow-Souldiers
,
by
pointing
out
unto
them
with
signs
with
the
hand
,
where
they
should
march
,
to
perform
what
was
before
commanded
,
and
to
be
very
civil
and
orderly
in
their
carriage
to
each
other
,
and
to
mind
their
Exercise
so
as
a
matter
of
great
weight
,
and
high
consideration
in
the
well
regarding
of
the
same
.
And
if
a
word
of
command
(
as
sometimes
may
happen
)
slip
out
of
order
,
as
by
the
mistaking
of
a
hand
or
the
like
,
yet
nevertheless
it
should
be
their
modest
care
,
if
not
prevented
by
their
Leader
,
to
be
ready
to
execute
what
they
conceive
he
intended
;
and
walking
along
in
this
civil
and
respective
way
unto
him
that
shall
lead
them
,
it
will
not
only
be
a
great
encouragement
unto
him
,
but
they
will
also
reap
much
benefit
unto
themselves
.
And
thus
much
briefly
may
be
spoken
in
way
of
advice
unto
every
Leader
before
his
beginning
of
his
Exercise
,
and
unto
each
particular
Souldier
as
shall
by
him
be
exercised
.
CHAP.
XXVII
.
Of
Facings
,
of
their
several
kinds
,
and
of
their
use
,
with
the
words
of
command
for
performance
of
the
same
.
FAcing
is
the
altering
or
turning
of
the
Aspect
to
either
hand
upon
the
ground
they
stand
,
according
to
the
words
of
Command
,
whether
it
be
to
the
right
,
left
,
Front
or
Reer
,
or
to
the
midst
of
Files
or
Ranks
,
or
to
any
of
the
outward
or
inward
Angles
,
or
to
the
Center
.
The
manner
of
execution
of
the
same
,
it
is
a
particular
turning
of
every
Souldiers
countenance
unto
each
of
those
hands
or
places
as
above
exprest
,
and
to
be
performed
after
this
manner
.
The
left
foot
is
always
to
be
kept
fixed
like
the
hinge
of
a
door
,
and
unto
what
hand
or
part
they
shall
be
commanded
to
face
,
every
particular
Souldier
is
immediately
to
turn
his
body
upon
the
Ball
or
Centre
of
his
left
foot
by
wheeling
,
until
he
hath
brought
his
Aspect
unto
the
place
commanded
.
Facings
is
one
of
the
most
necessary
and
usefullest
motions
amongst
all
the
rest
:
for
when
the
body
shall
be
in
such
a
streight
that
they
cannot
bring
their
faces
against
an
enemy
by
Counter-march
,
or
by
a
Wheeling
,
to
bring
their
best
Souldiers
there
to
fight
;
and
likewise
being
debarred
of
room
that
they
cannot
double
it
,
nevertheless
Facings
are
of
such
excellent
use
,
that
they
may
with
ease
,
although
standing
at
close
Order
,
turn
every
particular
face
to
charge
upon
that
part
where
they
shall
be
assaulted
by
an
enemy
:
and
farther
,
this
motion
is
performed
with
more
facility
then
all
the
rest
of
the
motions
.
For
in
the
others
they
alter
the
form
of
the
Battail
,
or
changeth
the
place
,
but
in
this
they
preserve
both
,
and
it
is
ready
for
any
attempt
of
an
enemy
:
if
they
should
be
charged
all
at
once
in
Front
,
Reer
,
right
and
left
Flanks
,
they
may
be
commanded
so
to
face
,
as
to
answer
them
all
in
every
one
of
their
charges
.
Facings
likewise
are
so
necessary
,
that
they
can
hardly
be
spared
in
any
other
of
the
motions
,
having
relation
in
one
kind
or
other
to
them
all
for
to
be
used
.
There
is
likewise
farther
to
be
understood
,
that
there
are
Entire-Facings
and
divisional
.
Entire
Facings
are
when
they
turn
their
Aspects
all
one
way
:
Divisional
Facings
are
when
they
divert
or
turn
their
faces
several
ways
,
as
to
the
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
all
at
one
instant
of
time
as
shall
be
commanded
.
There
are
likewise
facings
to
the
Front
and
Reer
Angles
,
that
is
to
say
,
of
their
outward
and
inward
Angles
.
Outward
Angles
are
when
they
are
commanded
to
face
to
the
right
Angle
or
to
the
left
,
or
both
facing
to
the
inward
Angles
,
as
when
they
are
commanded
so
,
as
to
face
to
the
inward
Angles
towards
the
midst
of
Files
.
There
is
likewise
facing
to
the
inward
Angles
towards
the
midst
of
Ranks
as
to
the
Center
;
where
note
,
when
there
is
any
use
of
these
Facings
unto
the
inward
Angles
,
it
is
occasioned
by
some
former
words
of
command
,
that
hath
made
some
large
intervals
in
the
midst
of
Ranks
or
Files
,
and
therefore
they
may
give
them
such
commands
as
these
for
to
open
or
stand
so
,
that
they
may
march
and
close
again
as
at
first
.
This
Facing
to
the
Center
,
I
do
conceive
to
be
very
useful
,
when
the
Captain
or
Leader
hath
any
thing
of
importance
to
speak
unto
the
Company
;
they
standing
at
close
order
,
he
may
side-wise
move
down
into
the
midst
of
the
Ranks
and
Files
,
and
command
them
to
face
all
to
the
Center
;
they
standing
all
round
about
him
so
close
,
cannot
chuse
but
hear
and
know
what
his
pleasure
and
command
will
be
,
and
in
obedience
thereunto
,
be
very
ready
in
performance
for
the
execution
of
the
same
.
But
before
I
come
to
set
down
the
words
of
Command
for
Facings
,
I
shall
desire
all
Leaders
not
to
tye
themselves
up
so
as
not
to
begin
in
their
Exercise
to
command
Facings
,
until
they
have
brought
the
Souldiers
to
stand
at
open
order
,
both
in
Rank
and
File
,
as
if
it
were
not
proper
for
them
to
command
them
to
face
till
then
.
Therefore
rather
,
for
the
reasons
before
set
forth
,
command
them
to
chuse
upon
such
close
Distances
to
face
,
that
they
may
know
the
true
use
of
them
,
and
at
such
times
when
they
want
ground
that
the
other
motions
cannot
be
performed
.
CHAP.
XXVIII
.
The
words
of
Command
for
Facings
.
Face
to
the
-
RIght
,
-
Left
,
-
To
both
Flanks
,
-
Right
about
,
-
Left
about
,
-
To
Front
and
Reer
,
-
Midst
of
Files
,
-
Midst
of
Ranks
,
-
Right
Angle
,
-
Left
Angle
,
-
Outward
Angles
in
the
Front
,
-
Inward
Angles
in
the
Front
,
-
Right
Angle
in
the
Reer
,
-
Left
Angle
in
the
Reer
,
-
Outward
Angles
in
the
Reer
,
-
Inward
Angles
in
the
Reer
,
-
Inward
Angles
of
the
right
Flank
,
-
Inward
Angles
of
the
left
Flank
,
-
Outward
Angles
both
of
Front
and
Reer
,
-
Inward
Angles
both
of
Front
and
Reer
,
-
Inward
Angles
of
both
the
Flanks
to
the
Center
,
-
Front
,
Reer
and
both
Flanks
from
the
Center
,
-
To
the
outward
Angles
of
Front
and
Reer
from
the
Center
,
As
you
were
,
or
,
To
your
Leader
.
Having
concluded
the
words
of
Command
for
performing
of
plain
Facings
,
there
must
be
notice
taken
,
when
any
word
of
Command
shall
be
given
to
face
to
any
of
the
Reer-Angles
,
they
must
be
first
faced
to
the
Reer
,
and
they
will
make
more
easier
performance
of
the
same
;
and
likewise
,
if
any
word
of
Command
be
given
to
face
to
the
inward
Angles
upon
the
Flanks
,
they
must
face
them
there
likewise
first
,
and
it
will
be
easier
fulfilled
:
and
likewise
if
any
command
be
given
to
face
to
the
four
Angles
,
or
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
from
the
Center
,
care
must
be
first
had
that
they
may
be
first
faced
to
the
Center
.
I
might
have
proceeded
a
great
deal
farther
in
this
place
upon
this
Subject
of
Facings
,
to
have
shewn
several
figures
of
Battail
that
might
be
produced
and
drawn
forth
,
affording
much
variety
of
forms
and
number
,
and
with
much
ease
to
be
performed
upon
their
several
marchings
,
according
as
they
are
ordered
to
face
,
which
might
be
very
useful
for
service
,
and
affording
much
matter
for
any
particular
Exercise
,
to
use
several
firings
upon
the
same
.
But
I
shall
have
occasion
in
another
place
to
make
use
of
divers
of
them
,
and
setting
them
forth
in
the
view
,
when
I
shall
begin
to
set
down
in
any
particular
Leadings
of
my
own
,
which
I
have
performed
in
our
private
meetings
at
Town-Ditch
in
London
,
every
Thursday-morning
,
for
the
satisfaction
of
those
loving
Gentlemen
who
still
do
Exercise
there
,
and
to
such
which
shall
come
after
.
CHAP.
XXIX
,
The
many
variety
of
Doublings
,
with
their
parts
and
uses
set
forth
for
the
practice
of
any
Commander
,
to
make
use
of
according
unto
his
own
discretion
.
SInce
there
is
in
the
true
account
,
no
other
dimension
of
a
Battail
,
but
the
Length
and
Depth
,
so
likewise
it
is
to
be
understood
,
that
the
Length
of
the
Battail
is
doubled
by
the
doublings
of
Ranks
and
half-Files
;
and
the
Depth
of
the
Battail
is
doubled
by
the
doubling
of
Files
,
and
of
the
half-Ranks
.
Now
there
are
several
Words
of
Command
for
the
performance
of
each
of
these
,
as
to
double
Ranks
and
Files
,
which
do
consist
either
of
the
doubling
of
number
of
men
and
persons
,
and
not
of
place
,
or
else
the
doubling
both
of
number
and
place
.
As
for
Example
,
command
either
the
Ranks
,
the
half-files
,
or
Bringers-up
to
double
the
Front
to
the
right
;
here
only
is
the
doubling
of
number
of
men
,
and
not
of
place
,
for
it
adds
but
one
man
more
to
that
hand
,
whereunto
they
were
commanded
,
and
gains
but
his
particular
place
.
Again
,
double
Ranks
to
any
hand
entire
or
double
,
the
Front
by
the
half-Files
to
the
right
entire
,
it
will
be
not
only
a
doubling
of
the
number
of
men
,
but
a
doubling
of
the
place
,
and
the
Length
of
the
Battail
.
The
use
of
doubling
the
Length
of
the
Battail
may
be
for
two
Reasons
,
the
one
to
over-wing
an
Enemy
,
the
other
to
avoid
over-winging
our selves
.
Yet
there
must
be
care
taken
,
that
in
doubling
of
the
Length
,
that
we
fail
not
,
or
be
too
weak
in
our
Depth
:
for
the
want
of
both
,
either
Length
or
Depth
,
may
be
very
dangerous
to
our selves
,
and
may
give
great
advantage
to
the
Enemy
.
For
if
there
should
want
a
sufficient
Depth
,
by
gaining
much
Length
in
the
Front
,
we
may
perhaps
be
so
weak
there
,
that
an
Enemy
may
quickly
break
through
,
whereby
much
danger
may
ensue
upon
the
same
,
if
not
timely
prevented
by
the
discretion
of
the
Commanders
.
There
is
likewise
in
the
doubling
of
Files
,
or
the
half-Ranks
doubling
to
either
Flank
,
a
doubling
of
number
of
men
,
and
not
of
place
,
carrying
much
variety
of
words
of
Command
;
but
the
doubling
of
Files
,
and
of
the
left
half-Ranks
entire
,
the
Depth
of
the
right
Flank
is
not
only
a
doubling
of
the
number
,
but
a
doubling
of
the
place
and
Depth
of
the
Battail
.
In
this
doubling
of
the
Depth
care
likewise
must
be
had
,
that
we
make
not
the
Front
too
narrow
,
lest
we
give
opportunity
to
the
Enemy
to
encircle
,
and
encompass
it
.
To
conclude
therefore
,
take
notice
that
Doublings
were
invented
to
strengthen
any
part
of
the
Body
that
shall
be
weak
,
whether
in
the
Front
,
or
Reer-right-flank
,
or
left
,
whether
it
be
in
number
of
men
or
place
,
Length
or
Depth
,
it
is
to
be
used
according
to
the
discretion
of
the
Commander
.
There
is
likewise
farther
to
be
considered
in
Doublings
,
whether
they
double
the
number
or
place
,
Length
or
Depth
,
it
is
to
be
performed
by
one
of
these
two
,
either
entire
,
or
divisional
Doublings
:
therefore
I
shall
proceed
,
and
go
on
to
shew
what
I
conceive
to
be
the
properest
way
in
the
progress
of
them
in
a
right
order
;
and
therefore
I
will
begin
to
set
down
the
words
of
Command
;
First
,
to
double
the
Front
,
and
so
farther
proceed
to
shew
the
Doublings
of
the
Flanks
.
And
first
of
entire
Doublings
,
and
next
of
the
divisional
;
and
in
the
mean
time
,
I
shall
crave
pardon
from
the
courteous
Souldier
,
that
I
put
not
down
several
Pricks
or
Figures
to
set
forth
the
same
,
endeavouring
rather
to
give
him
the
words
of
Command
for
each
particular
Doubling
,
with
directions
for
performance
of
the
same
,
together
with
their
several
Reducements
,
leaving
it
to
his
ingenious
study
and
practice
,
to
make
use
of
what
he
pleaseth
,
where
he
may
cull
and
chuse
out
such
as
shall
be
convenient
and
fit
,
either
for
service
or
delight
;
by
the
way
advising
him
to
retain
in
his
memory
,
what
he
intends
to
practise
,
and
not
to
meddle
with
any
thing
,
but
what
he
assuredly
knows
will
carry
such
weight
and
able
reasons
for
their
use
and
service
,
as
shall
admit
of
no
controlment
from
the
judicious
Souldier
.
CHAP.
XXX
.
The
words
of
Command
for
all
Entire
Doublings
to
the
Front
,
to
be
performed
one
time
or
other
in
time
of
Exercise
.
Command
.
RAnks
to
the
right
double
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Rank
move
forward
with
the
right-leg
,
and
with
three
steps
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
Files
to
the
left
double
;
Or
,
Ranks
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
left
double
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Rank
from
the
Front
,
move
forwards
with
the
left-leg
,
and
at
three
steps
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
Files
to
the
right
double
;
or
,
Ranks
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
,
double
outward
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Rank
move
outward
from
the
midst
,
and
at
three
steps
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
Files
to
the
right
and
left
,
double
inward
;
or
,
Ranks
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
,
double
inward
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Rank
from
the
Front
move
inward
from
the
Flanks
,
and
at
three
steps
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
Files
to
the
right
and
left
double
outward
;
or
,
Ranks
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
Half-files
advance
your
Arms
,
and
move
forwards
to
the
right
into
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Files
double
your
Depth
to
the
left
;
or
,
Half-Files
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Direction
.
Half-files
advance
forwards
to
the
left
into
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Files
double
your
Depth
to
the
right
;
or
,
Half-Files
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
right
and
left
,
outward
.
Direction
.
Half-files
advance
forwards
to
the
right
and
left
,
from
the
midst
,
and
move
up
into
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Files
double
your
Depth
to
the
right
and
left
inward
;
or
,
half-Files
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
right
and
left
inward
.
Direction
.
Half-files
move
forwards
from
the
Flanks
inward
into
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Files
double
your
Depth
to
the
right
and
left
outward
;
or
,
Half-Files
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
Bringers-up
advance
your
Arms
,
and
move
forwards
with
the
right
leg
into
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Files
double
your
Depth
to
the
left
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Direction
.
Bringers-up
advance
forward
to
the
left
into
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Files
double
your
Depth
to
the
right
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
double
your
Front
to
the
right
and
left
outward
.
Direction
.
Bringers-up
advance
forward
from
the
midst
of
the
Reer
,
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Files
double
your
Depth
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
double
your
Front
to
the
right
and
left
inward
.
Direction
.
Bringers-up
advance
forwards
from
the
Flanks
,
inward
into
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Files
double
your
Depth
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
right
entire
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Rank
from
the
Front
face
to
the
right
,
march
forth
,
and
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
Right
half-Ranks
double
your
left
Flank
;
or
,
Ranks
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
left
entire
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Rank
from
the
Front
,
face
to
the
left
,
march
forth
,
and
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
your
right-Flank
;
or
,
Ranks
as
you
were
.
Command
Double
your
Ranks
inward
entire
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Rank
from
the
Reer
,
move
away
outward
until
you
be
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
and
after
every
even
Rank
from
the
Front
,
move
forwards
,
and
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
The
inmost
Files
double
your
Flanks
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
after
close
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
right
entire
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right-hand-man
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Rank
from
the
Front
,
move
away
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
right-hand-men
,
and
double
the
odd
Ranks
.
Reducement
.
Right
half-Ranks
double
your
left-Flank
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
inside
of
his
left-hand-man
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
left
entire
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
left-hand-man
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Rank
from
the
Front
,
move
away
to
the
left
,
and
double
the
odd
Ranks
by
placing
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
left-hand-men
.
Reducement
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
your
right-Flank
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
inside
of
his
right-hand-man
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
right
entire
.
Direction
.
Half-files
face
to
the
right
,
and
march
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
after
face
to
your
Leader
,
move
up
even
abrest
,
and
double
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Right
half-Ranks
double
entire
the
Depth
of
your
left-Flank
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
left
entire
.
Direction
.
Half-files
face
to
the
left
,
and
march
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
after
face
to
your
Leader
,
march
up
,
and
even
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
entire
the
Depth
of
your
right
Flank
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
inward
entire
.
Direction
.
Front
half-Files
face
outwards
,
and
march
clear
of
the
standing
part
:
facing
after
to
their
Leader
,
the
Reer
half-Files
may
move
up
,
and
double
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
The
inmost
Files
double
entire
the
Depth
of
the
outmost
Files
,
and
after
close
.
These
are
,
as
I
conceive
,
the
properest
and
plainest
Doublings
for
any
Souldier
to
use
in
his
Exercise
,
out
of
which
he
may
chuse
as
many
of
them
,
as
he
shall
think
fit
,
being
all
entire
Doublings
to
the
Front
.
Next
follows
to
shew
some
Divisional
Doublings
to
the
same
.
CHAP.
XXXI
.
Divisional
Doublings
to
the
Front
.
Command
.
DOuble
your
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Rank
from
the
Front
face
outwards
,
march
forth
and
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
The
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
that
moved
,
face
inward
,
march
in
and
strengthen
the
Body
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
by
Division
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Rank
from
the
Front
,
move
forth
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
double
the
odd
,
placing
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
right
and
left-hand-men
.
Reducement
.
The
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
that
moved
,
double
the
inmost
Files
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
inside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Half-files
face
outwards
,
and
march
clear
of
the
standing
part
:
after
face
to
your
Leader
,
move
up
even
abrest
,
and
double
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
The
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
that
moved
,
double
entire
the
Depth
of
the
inmost
Files
.
CHAP.
XXXII
.
Entire
Doublings
to
the
Front
by
Wheelings
.
Command
.
WHeel
off
your
Reer
half-Files
,
and
double
your
Front
to
the
right
entire
.
Direction
.
Half-Files
face
about
,
and
wheel
about
to
the
left
;
march
up
and
even
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Wheel
off
your
right
half-Ranks
,
and
double
your
left
Flank
entire
to
the
left
.
Face
outward
,
and
right
half-Ranks
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
moving
forward
until
they
range
even
abrest
with
their
left
Flank
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Reer
half-Files
,
and
double
your
Front
to
the
left
entire
.
Direction
.
Half-files
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
wheele
about
to
the
right
,
move
forwards
,
and
double
the
Front
to
the
left
entire
.
Reducement
.
Wheele
off
your
left
half-Ranks
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
entire
to
the
right
.
Face
outward
left
half-Ranks
,
wheel
about
to
the
left
,
and
move
forward
until
you
have
doubled
the
right
Flank
,
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
Reer
half-files
inward
into
the
midst
,
and
double
your
Front
inward
entire
.
Direction
.
Front-half-files
open
from
the
midst
,
until
you
be
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
then
face
to
your
Leader
;
half-files
face
about
,
and
wheel
your
Reer
inward
into
the
midst
,
move
forward
until
you
have
doubled
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
The
inmost
Files
that
doubled
,
The
inmost
Files
must
have
distance
from
the
outmost
Files
,
before
they
can
begin
to
wheel
.
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
double
entire
the
Depth
of
the
outmost
Files
,
after
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Files
to
the
midst
to
Order
.
CHAP.
XXXIII
.
A
divisional
Doubling
to
the
Front
by
Wheeling
.
Command
.
WHeel
off
your
Reer
half-files
,
and
double
your
Front
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Half-files
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
left
,
move
forward
,
and
double
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
The
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
that
doubled
,
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
Here
likewise
must
convenient
distance
be
given
from
the
midst
,
for
the
outmost
Files
to
wheel
about
.
and
double
entire
the
Depth
of
the
inmost
Files
,
face
to
your
Leader
.
Here
endeth
the
Doublings
that
properly
belong
unto
the
Front
according
to
the
practise
of
these
times
,
whether
they
be
Entire
or
Divisional
,
and
of
their
several
kinds
;
as
first
,
take
them
of
themselves
in
the
plain
way
,
after
by
Counter-marches
,
as
by
the
Bringers-up
.
Lastly
,
by
Wheelings
,
and
that
first
by
Entire
,
after
by
Divisional
.
But
here
by
the
way
,
no
Leader
is
tied
to
do
all
these
Doublings
in
his
Exercise
at
once
,
but
to
use
part
of
them
what
he
shall
think
fit
.
Yet
,
again
,
if
he
desire
to
be
throughly
knowing
in
all
the
Doublings
of
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
and
to
shew
them
unto
the
Souldiers
,
he
may
then
begin
first
to
go
over
all
the
words
of
Command
for
Doublings
to
the
Front
,
informing
his
Souldiers
of
their
several
uses
for
service
,
at
one
time
or
another
,
and
then
proceed
to
shew
the
use
of
the
several
Doublings
to
the
Flanks
,
and
next
to
the
Reer
,
which
in
this
place
I
hold
needless
to
give
words
of
Command
for
the
Doubling
thereunto
,
in
regard
the
former
words
of
Command
used
to
the
Front
,
with
small
alteration
will
serve
to
the
Reer
.
CHAP.
XXXIV
.
Entire
Doublings
to
the
right
Flank
.
Command
.
FIles
to
the
right
double
.
Direction
.
Every
even
file
from
the
right
by
a
half-turning
at
three
steps
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
to
the
left
double
;
or
,
Files
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Files
to
the
right
and
left
,
double
outward
.
Direction
.
Every
even
File
from
the
Flanks
move
,
and
by
three
steps
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
double
inward
;
or
,
Files
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
and
left
inward
.
Direction
.
Every
even
File
from
the
midst
move
inward
side-wise
,
and
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
double
outward
;
or
,
Files
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
advancing
.
Direction
.
Every
even
File
from
the
right
move
forwards
,
and
by
three
steps
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
to
the
right
double
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
outward
advancing
.
Direction
.
Every
even
File
from
the
Flanks
,
move
forwards
,
and
by
three
steps
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
double
outward
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
and
left
inward
advancing
.
Direction
.
Every
even
File
from
the
midst
move
forwards
,
and
by
three
steps
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
double
inward
.
Command
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
right
,
and
left
half-Ranks
move
forwards
to
the
right
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
Left
entire
;
or
left
half-Ranks
march
forth
into
your
places
.
Command
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
left
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
right
,
and
left
half-Ranks
move
forwards
to
the
left
until
you
have
doubled
the
right
Flank
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
right
entire
to
the
Reer
,
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
the
even
Ranks
from
the
Reer
,
move
forth
,
and
double
the
odd
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
right
and
left
outward
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
right
;
and
left-half-Ranks
move
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front
and
Reer
half-Files
double
your
Ranks
entire
to
the
left
Flank
;
Front
half-Files
face
about
,
and
every
even
Rank
from
the
midst
move
forth
,
and
double
Ranks
entire
towards
the
left
Flank
,
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
right
and
left
inward
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
right
;
and
left
half-Ranks
move
forwards
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
and
double
the
right
Flank
,
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front
and
Reer
half-Files
double
your
Ranks
entire
to
the
left
Flank
;
half-Files
face
about
,
and
every
even
Rank
from
the
Front
and
Reer
,
move
forth
,
and
double
your
Ranks
entire
towards
the
left
Flank
,
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
right
by
Counter-march
.
Direction
.
Right
half-Ranks
face
to
the
right
,
left
half-Ranks
turn
off
to
the
left
,
move
forwards
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
,
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
left
entire
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
left-hand-man
.
Command
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
your
right
Flank
to
your
left
by
Counter-march
.
Direction
.
Right
half-Ranks
face
to
the
right
,
and
left
half-Ranks
turn
off
to
the
right
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
left
,
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
right
entire
to
the
Reer
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right-hand-man
;
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
every
even
Rank
from
the
Reer
,
move
forth
to
the
right
,
and
double
the
odd
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Left
half-ranks
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
right
and
left
outward
by
Counter-march
.
Direction
.
Right
half-Ranks
face
to
the
right
,
and
left
half-Ranks
face
to
the
left
,
and
turn
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
moving
forward
until
you
have
doubled
the
right
Flank
to
the
right
and
left
outward
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front
and
Reer
half-files
double
your
Ranks
entire
to
the
left-Flank
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
.
Front
half-Files
face
about
,
and
every
even
Rank
from
the
midst
move
forth
to
the
left-Flank
,
and
double
the
odd
,
placing
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
right-hand-men
,
and
every
even
Rank
from
the
Reer
half-Files
move
forth
,
and
double
the
odd
,
placing
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
left-hand-men
:
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
your
right-Flank
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
by
Counter-march
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
left
half-Ranks
turn
off
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
move
forward
until
you
have
doubled
the
right
Flank
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front
and
Reer
half
Files
double
your
Ranks
entire
to
the
left-Flank
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
;
half-Files
face
about
,
and
every
even
Rank
from
the
Reer
,
move
forth
to
the
left-Flank
,
and
double
the
odd
,
placing
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
right-hand-men
,
and
every
even
Rank
from
the
Front
move
forth
,
and
double
the
odd
,
placing
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
left-hand
men
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
entire
advancing
.
Direction
.
Every
even
File
from
the
right
,
move
straight
forth
until
you
be
cleer
,
and
double
the
odd
.
Reducement
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
right
,
or
Front
half-Files
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Files
double
your
Depth
to
the
right
entire
.
Direction
.
Every
even
File
from
the
right
face
about
,
move
down
until
you
are
clear
of
the
Reer
,
and
double
the
Depth
of
the
odd
Files
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
left
,
or
Front
half-Files
double
your
Reer
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
inward
entire
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
Half-files
of
every
even
File
from
the
left
face
about
,
even
Files
from
the
left
move
forwards
until
you
are
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
after
face
all
to
the
right
,
and
then
every
even
File
from
the
right
,
move
forwards
into
the
Intervals
,
and
double
entire
the
odd
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
The
three
first
,
and
the
three
last
Ranks
double
the
six
middlemost
Ranks
to
the
right
;
the
three
first
Ranks
face
about
,
and
move
down
to
the
midst
by
their
own
left-hands
;
and
the
three
last
Ranks
move
forwards
to
the
midst
,
to
their
own
right-hands
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
entire
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Direction
.
Every
even
File
from
the
right
,
advance
forwards
,
and
double
the
odd
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front
half-Files
by
Counter-march
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
;
Front
half-Files
turn
off
to
the
left
,
and
double
the
Reer
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
double
your
Depth
to
the
right
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
.
Direction
.
Every
even
File
from
the
right
,
face
about
to
the
right
,
and
double
the
odd
by
placing
your selves
behind
your
Bringers-up
.
Reducement
.
Bringers-up
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
your
right-Flank
entire
advancing
.
Direction
.
Left
half-Ranks
march
straight
forth
,
until
you
are
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
after
move
to
the
right
(
being
first
faced
there
)
and
double
the
right-Flank
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front
half-Files
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
entire
,
face
to
the
left
,
and
move
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
after
face
to
the
Reer
,
move
down
,
and
even
the
Reer
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
entire
the
Depth
of
the
right-Flank
.
Direction
.
Left
half-Ranks
face
about
to
the
right
,
and
move
down
until
you
are
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
after
face
to
the
left
,
and
move
forward
until
you
have
doubled
the
Depth
of
your
right-Flank
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
left
entire
,
face
to
the
left
,
and
march
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
after
face
to
your
Leader
,
march
up
and
even
the
Front
.
Command
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
your
right-Flank
inward
entire
.
Direction
.
Half-files
of
the
right
half-Ranks
face
to
the
Reer
,
right
half-Ranks
move
forward
until
you
are
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
face
all
to
the
right
,
and
left
half-Ranks
move
forwards
,
and
double
the
right-Flank
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
The
three
first
,
and
the
three
last
Ranks
double
the
six
middlemost
Ranks
entire
to
the
right-Flank
;
the
three
first
,
and
the
three
last
Ranks
face
to
the
right
,
and
march
untill
you
are
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
after
face
inward
;
march
,
and
close
your
Divisions
,
and
face
to
your
Leader
.
CHAP.
XXXV
.
Divisional
Doublings
to
the
right
Flank
.
Command
.
DOuble
your
Files
to
the
right
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Half-files
of
the
even
Files
from
the
right
,
face
to
the
Reer
;
even
Files
march
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
after
move
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
double
the
odd
Files
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
The
three
first
,
and
the
three
last
Ranks
,
double
the
three
middlemost
Ranks
to
the
left
;
the
three
first
Ranks
face
about
,
and
march
down
by
your
own
right
hands
into
the
midst
of
Ranks
;
and
the
three
last
Ranks
move
forwards
to
the
midst
,
to
your
own
left
hands
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
by
Division
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
,
and
his
Bringer-up
.
Direction
.
Half-files
of
the
even
Files
from
the
right
,
face
to
the
Reer
,
the
even
Files
march
,
and
double
the
odd
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
,
and
Bringer-up
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
The
three
first
,
and
the
three
last
Ranks
,
double
the
six
middlemost
Ranks
to
the
left
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
,
and
his
Bringer-up
;
the
three
first
Ranks
face
about
to
the
left
,
and
move
down
to
the
midst
of
Rrnks
by
your
own
right
hands
,
placing
your selves
before
your
Bringers-up
;
and
the
three
last
Ranks
march
forwards
unto
the
midst
,
placing
your selves
before
your
Leaders
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Left
half-Ranks
double
your
right
Flank
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Half-files
of
the
left
half-Ranks
face
about
to
the
right
,
the
left
half-Ranks
move
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
after
face
all
to
the
right-Flank
,
the
left
half-Ranks
moving
forward
,
until
they
have
ranged
even
abrest
with
the
right-Flank
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
The
three
first
,
and
the
three
last
Ranks
,
double
the
six
middlemost
Ranks
entire
to
the
left-Flank
;
the
three
first
,
and
the
three
last
Ranks
,
face
to
the
left-Flank
,
and
move
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
after
face
inward
,
march
and
close
your
Division
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
CHAP.
XXXVI
.
Entire
Doublings
to
right
Flank
by
Wheeling
.
Command
.
WHeel
off
your
left
half-Ranks
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
entire
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
,
and
left
half-Ranks
wheel
about
to
the
left
,
and
move
forward
until
you
have
doubled
the
right
Flank
entire
to
the
right
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Wheel
off
your
Reer
half-Files
,
and
double
your
Front
to
the
left
entire
;
half-Files
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
and
march
forwards
until
you
have
ranged
your selves
even
with
the
Front
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
left
half-Ranks
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
entire
to
the
left
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
left
half-Ranks
,
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
&
move
forward
until
you
have
doubled
the
right
flank
entire
to
the
left
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Wheel
off
your
Front
half-Files
,
and
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
entire
;
half-Files
face
about
,
and
Front
half-Files
wheel
about
to
the
left
,
move
down
,
and
double
the
Reer
to
the
right
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
the
left
half-Ranks
inward
into
the
midst
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
inward
entire
.
Direction
.
Half-files
of
the
right
half-Ranks
face
about
,
right
half-Ranks
move
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
then
face
to
the
right
,
and
the
left
half-Ranks
face
to
the
left
,
and
wheeling
inward
into
the
midst
,
moving
forward
until
they
have
doubled
the
right
Flank
inward
entire
;
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
In
wheeling
the
six
middle
Ranks
from
the
right
Flank
,
they
must
have
ground
sufficient
for
them
to
wheel
about
.
Wheel
off
from
the
right
Flank
the
six
middlemost
Ranks
,
and
double
your
Front
and
Reer
entire
to
the
left
Flank
:
the
six
middle-Ranks
face
to
the
right
,
and
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
left
,
moving
forward
until
they
are
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
and
after
facing
to
the
Front
and
Reer
,
they
move
again
,
and
double
the
Front
and
Reer
toward
the
left
Flank
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
,
march
forwards
,
and
close
your
Divisions
.
Or
if
they
continue
their
Aspect
to
the
right
Flank
,
then
command
the
six
middlemost
Files
to
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
to
double
entire
the
depth
of
the
outmost
Files
,
then
face
to
their
Leader
,
and
close
their
Divisions
.
CHAP.
XXXVII
.
A
Divisional
Doubling
to
the
right
Flank
by
Wheeling
.
Command
.
WHeel
off
your
left
half-Ranks
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
,
and
left
half-Ranks
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
about
,
and
move
forward
until
you
have
ranged
even
,
and
doubled
the
right
Flank
;
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Wheel
off
the
three
first
,
and
the
three
last
Ranks
,
and
double
the
six
middlemost
Ranks
entire
to
the
left
Flank
the
three
last
Ranks
face
about
,
and
wheel
to
the
right
about
,
moving
up
towards
the
midst
of
the
left-Flank
,
and
the
three
first
Ranks
at
the
same
time
wheel
about
to
the
left
,
and
move
down
to
the
midst
of
the
left
Flank
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Or
if
they
continue
their
aspect
to
the
right
Flank
,
then
command
the
outmost
Files
too
that
doubled
to
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
and
double
entire
the
Depth
of
the
inmost
Files
,
to
your
Leader
.
Here
endeth
all
the
plain
Doublings
to
the
right
Flank
,
performed
by
several
Counter-marches
and
Wheelings
,
which
to
any
ingenious
Souldier
are
sufficient
directions
to
know
how
to
double
the
left
Flank
,
only
altering
the
hand
by
the
words
of
Command
.
And
here
fellow-Souldier
endeth
all
the
several
kinds
of
Doublings
,
which
if
any
shall
seem
hard
or
difficult
unto
thee
,
either
in
their
Commands
,
Directions
,
or
Reducements
,
thou
mayst
(
care
being
taken
)
with
much
ease
and
delight
perform
the
same
.
And
here
the
Captain
is
to
take
special
notice
,
when
he
comes
to
the
point
of
Doublings
,
that
his
properest
way
will
be
first
to
double
the
Front
,
as
being
the
most
honourable
part
of
the
Body
,
and
next
the
Reer
,
and
after
either
to
the
right
or
left
Flank
,
leaving
it
to
his
discretion
to
use
as
many
of
them
as
he
shall
think
fitting
,
and
convenient
for
his
Exercise
.
And
although
I
have
somewhat
varied
from
the
practise
of
former
times
in
using
more
plenty
of
words
of
Command
,
the
ripeness
and
curiosity
of
Wits
in
these
our
days
,
enforced
me
unto
it
;
for
they
having
much
refined
the
Military
Discipline
,
will
not
be
pleased
with
ordinary
stuff
(
as
to
say
,
As
you
were
)
which
,
I
confess
,
would
save
the
Captain
a
great
deal
of
pains
,
and
be
more
easie
to
the
apprehension
and
capacity
of
every
private
Souldier
,
for
his
returning
back
unto
his
place
again
.
Yet
if
Command
should
be
given
to
double
any
part
of
the
Body
,
that
Leader
would
quickly
lie
under
a
hard
censure
,
and
be
judged
in
most
mens
opinions
insufficient
,
that
could
not
find
out
some
other
words
of
Command
to
reduce
them
again
.
Endeavouring
therefore
to
give
full
satisfaction
to
both
parties
,
I
have
taken
the
pains
to
set
down
other
words
of
Command
for
Reducement
,
whereby
those
which
shall
profess
themselves
curious
,
may
cull
out
such
plenty
as
may
best
please
their
genius
;
advising
them
withal
not
to
presume
in
the
exercising
of
their
private
Companies
,
before
themselves
be
first
well
verst
,
and
truly
knowing
in
all
and
every
of
the
several
Commands
,
Directions
,
and
Reducements
before
mentioned
;
which
being
obtained
,
they
may
confidently
and
boldly
proceed
,
so
to
inure
their
Souldiers
in
the
practise
thereof
,
that
their
own
knowledge
in
a
short
time
will
reduce
them
to
their
former
places
without
using
these
thred-bare
words
,
As
you
were
;
variety
being
more
profitable
and
delightful
unto
them
,
(
provided
they
understand
it
)
then
to
accustom
them
in
an
ordinary
and
plain
way
of
reducing
.
But
here
some
men
will
be
ready
to
carp
and
say
,
that
I
have
troubled
my self
to
little
purpose
,
in
setting
down
more
Doublings
then
are
used
abroad
upon
service
.
To
whom
I
answer
,
that
there
are
none
(
if
rightly
understood
)
but
are
of
singular
use
one
time
or
another
,
either
in
private
Meetings
,
or
in
those
great
Nurseries
of
Military
Discipline
,
the
famous
Academies
of
this
our
Island
,
the
Artillery
and
Military
Gardens
,
who
for
Field-service
have
train'd
up
,
and
sent
forth
many
worthy
,
able
and
gallant
Souldiers
into
the
Armies
lately
raised
in
our
Nation
between
the
King
and
Parliament
,
whom
I
pray
God
happily
to
reconcile
.
But
,
suppose
many
of
these
Doublings
have
not
been
seen
by
some
to
be
used
in
the
field
;
Are
they
not
therefore
useful
?
perhaps
not
at
such
time
they
have
had
no
occasion
for
to
use
them
all
;
which
if
not
,
must
they
be
rejected
?
I
answer
positively
,
that
being
rightly
enquired
into
,
they
have
in
them
very
useful
and
serviceable
things
against
an
Enemy
,
whether
it
be
in
the
Field
,
or
in
Garrison
.
As
for
Example
;
the
Muskettiers
being
brought
either
all
into
the
Front
or
Reer
,
or
upon
one
of
the
Flanks
,
which
often
hapneth
,
an
Enemy
appearing
there
,
then
they
would
be
of
sigular
good
use
for
our
advantage
,
and
very
disadvantageous
to
the
Enemy
.
The
like
may
be
spoken
of
the
Pikes
,
who
are
by
several
of
these
Doublings
brought
into
those
places
,
being
there
very
serviceable
to
receive
a
desperate
Charge
of
Horse
,
if
upon
any
of
these
parts
they
should
fall
on
.
Observe
,
further
,
that
in
many
of
these
Doublings
,
as
the
one
arms
shall
face
or
charge
against
an
Enemy
,
so
contrariwise
the
other
lies
more
secure
in
safety
to
be
preserved
from
danger
of
the
shot
.
Moreover
,
(
according
unto
the
number
of
men
either
in
Length
or
Depth
)
a
Leader
may
by
these
words
of
Command
or
the
like
,
at
the
same
time
double
his
Front
,
Reer
,
or
Midst
,
by
doubling
of
Ranks
;
and
may
farther
make
use
of
them
at
one
and
the
same
time
to
double
by
Files
his
right
,
left
Flank
and
Midst
,
all
at
one
instant
.
But
I
shall
not
need
to
set
down
words
of
Command
for
the
doubling
Front
,
Reer
,
Flanks
and
Midst
,
after
this
manner
,
but
leave
that
unto
the
apt
Souldier
to
make
use
of
such
words
of
Command
formerly
shewen
,
and
to
frame
them
suitable
for
any
such
purpose
so
intended
.
But
before
I
shall
conclude
concerning
the
use
of
these
Doublings
,
as
I
said
before
,
there
are
many
of
them
,
which
by
command
will
bring
any
men
in
the
Body
to
fight
,
unto
that
part
which
shall
be
most
weak
,
or
assaulted
by
an
enemy
.
And
again
,
he
may
cast
them
so
into
the
Body
by
a
doubling
,
as
shall
preserve
from
danger
whom
he
shall
think
fit
.
And
to
say
more
,
there
is
no
part
of
the
Body
or
Arms
but
by
words
of
Command
in
doublings
may
be
brought
forth
as
Frontiers
against
the
enemy
,
and
may
be
placed
again
into
the
midst
of
the
Body
for
more
security
,
and
others
in
like
manner
may
be
brought
forth
for
their
relief
.
Therefore
it
much
concerns
all
Souldiers
and
Commanders
to
be
truly
knowing
in
all
the
several
kinds
of
Doublings
,
out
of
which
he
may
make
singular
good
use
according
to
his
discretion
,
at
all
such
times
as
need
shall
require
,
whether
it
be
in
Field
,
or
otherwise
in
Garrison
.
CHAP.
XXXVIII
.
Of
Inversion
and
Conversion
.
NOt
to
omit
any
thing
which
may
be
beneficial
for
the
knowledge
of
all
them
that
intend
to
be
good
proficients
in
the
Art
of
Military
Discipline
,
my
subject
in
this
Chapter
shall
be
of
Ranks
filing
,
and
Files
filing
,
and
Ranks
ranking
,
and
Files
ranking
,
which
are
by
some
called
Inversion
and
Conversion
;
yet
seldom
mentioned
by
any
Leader
in
the
time
of
his
Exercise
,
for
this
reason
,
as
I
suppose
,
because
the
Souldiers
for
the
most
part
are
unacquainted
with
them
;
which
causeth
all
our
Leaders
in
our
private
Meetings
here
in
London
,
to
deliver
forth
unto
their
Souldiers
such
words
of
Command
as
may
readily
and
aptly
be
understood
by
them
,
which
are
,
Ranks
,
File
to
the
right
or
left
;
or
,
Files
,
File
to
any
hand
;
which
is
no
other
then
Inversion
.
And
again
,
Ranks
,
rank
to
the
right
or
left
,
either
in
equal
or
unequal
parts
,
or
entire
to
the
Front
;
or
Files
to
rank
in
the
like
kind
,
may
be
termed
Conversion
:
And
,
in
my
opinion
,
they
do
the
better
that
shall
thus
express
themselves
to
the
capacity
of
every
Souldier
,
then
for
to
puzzle
them
with
the
words
Inversion
&
Conversion
.
I
intend
therefore
without
curiosity
plainly
to
set
down
their
several
Commands
,
Directions
,
and
Reducements
,
keeping
my
former
method
concerning
Doublings
.
For
in
all
and
every
one
of
them
,
they
do
either
double
the
length
or
depth
of
the
Front
,
Reer
,
Midst
,
or
Flanks
;
no
part
of
the
Military
Exercise
affording
more
plenty
of
matter
then
they
,
carrying
always
along
with
them
many
things
of
excellent
use
.
For
example
,
suppose
a
Prince
,
General
,
or
any
other
person
of
quality
were
to
pass
thorow
the
Company
,
a
discreet
commander
would
presently
command
their
Ranks
to
invert
,
or
file
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
which
immediately
becomes
(
as
it
were
)
a
Street
or
Gallery
,
for
the
honouring
and
securing
of
their
persons
.
Moreover
,
it
is
of
use
for
the
lodging
of
the
Colours
,
or
upon
Funeral-occasions
,
or
taking
their
leave
from
their
Captain
,
where
they
may
pour
forth
their
Volleys
of
shot
all
at
one
and
the
same
time
.
To
be
short
,
being
necessitated
to
march
against
a
Battery
,
it
avoids
the
danger
of
the
great
Ordnance
,
and
likewise
secures
the
Front
of
the
Battalia
from
the
imminent
danger
of
any
great
shower
of
small
shot
poured
forth
by
the
Enemy
.
As
likewise
it
is
of
excellent
use
to
march
over
a
narrow
Bridge
,
or
thorow
a
Lane
,
Thicket
,
or
Salliport
,
or
such
like
difficult
passages
;
or
if
any
Commander
have
a
desire
to
use
ancient
Figures
,
by
it
he
may
make
the
Saw
,
Sheers
,
or
Diamond
;
or
being
in
one
File
,
they
may
aptly
be
drawn
into
a
Ring
,
where
he
that
is
an
able
posture-man
standing
in
the
midst
,
may
shew
unto
them
their
several
postures
,
and
after
easily
reduce
them
again
:
and
thus
much
briefly
of
Inversion
,
or
Ranks
filing
.
Next
come
we
to
shew
the
excellent
uses
and
services
which
may
be
performed
by
Conversion
,
as
first
perceiving
any
man
of
worth
to
stand
before
the
Front
of
the
Battail
,
or
to
pass
by
either
of
the
Flanks
,
then
Ranks
ranking
,
or
Files
ranking
into
the
Front
,
or
Ranks
wheeling
to
either
of
the
Flanks
,
by
these
Commands
the
Souldiers
aspects
are
thither
brought
to
present
unto
him
a
volley
of
shot
.
It
is
likewise
very
useful
for
the
making
of
a
Line
against
a
Breast-work
,
or
lining
of
Hedges
,
carrying
it self
several
ways
secretly
to
lie
in
Ambuscado
,
whereby
they
may
fire
upon
the
Enemy
as
he
marcheth
by
.
Or
approaching
against
any
Fort
or
place
of
danger
,
they
may
daringly
make
a
large
Front
and
firing
upon
them
;
after
filing
to
the
right
or
left
,
making
large
Intervals
,
they
much
preserve
themselves
from
the
danger
of
the
great
shot
proceeding
from
the
Enemy
.
Again
,
Ranks
ranking
either
in
equal
or
unequal
parts
,
is
of
singular
good
use
upon
a
narrow
passage
,
where
they
can
march
but
two
,
three
,
four
,
or
six
abrest
;
the
Commander
,
notwithstanding
they
marched
before
twenty
abrest
,
may
by
it
bring
them
to
such
small
numbers
,
whereby
he
may
much
preserve
them
in
time
of
imminent
danger
and
peril
.
To
dwell
no
longer
upon
this
discourse
,
Inversion
and
Conversion
many
times
require
larger
distance
then
any
other
of
the
Motions
,
as
sometimes
double
distance
:
or
twice
double
distance
,
wherefore
being
so
many
occasions
for
the
use
of
them
both
,
I
hold
it
requisite
for
a
Leader
frequently
to
practise
his
Souldiers
in
them
;
no
part
of
the
Art
Military
affording
more
commendations
to
the
Souldiers
that
shall
readily
and
handsomly
perform
the
same
.
Briefly
therefore
passing
over
what
might
be
more
spoken
concerning
them
,
I
shall
in
the
next
place
set
them
all
forth
in
their
full
view
,
leaving
every
discreet
Souldier
to
his
own
liberty
,
to
make
use
of
as
many
of
them
as
he
shall
think
fit
,
and
to
use
them
after
what
manner
he
pleaseth
.
CHAP.
XXXIX
.
The
words
of
Command
for
Ranks
ranking
,
and
Files
ranking
to
the
Front
,
they
being
twelve
abrest
,
and
six
deep
.
Command
.
RAnks
,
rank
to
the
right
2
,
3
,
4
,
or
6
,
as
occasion
shall
require
.
Direction
.
If
to
two
,
the
two
outmost
men
upon
the
right
are
to
move
away
,
the
next
two
to
fall
behind
them
until
the
first
Rank
hath
made
six
Ranks
,
and
the
rest
doing
the
like
until
the
first
six
Ranks
are
become
thirty
six
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
twelve
to
the
left
;
the
first
Rank
is
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
away
two
and
two
,
until
they
have
made
up
twelve
in
one
Rank
,
and
the
rest
are
to
do
the
like
until
they
are
made
up
all
again
as
at
first
;
or
,
command
,
Ranks
,
rank
as
you
were
.
The
same
rule
is
to
be
observed
if
you
rank
to
any
of
the
other
numbers
,
to
divide
them
accordingly
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
three
to
the
left
.
Direction
.
The
first
three
men
upon
the
left
are
to
move
away
,
the
next
three
are
to
fall
in
behind
toward
the
left
,
until
the
first
Rank
have
made
four
Ranks
;
the
rest
are
to
do
the
like
,
until
they
have
made
them
24
Ranks
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
12
to
the
right
:
the
first
Rank
is
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
forth
by
three
and
three
,
until
they
have
made
twelve
in
one
Rank
;
the
rest
are
to
do
the
like
,
until
they
be
as
they
were
at
first
;
or
,
Ranks
,
rank
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
three
to
the
right
and
left
outward
.
Direction
.
The
three
outmost
men
of
the
first
Rank
upon
the
right
,
and
the
three
outmost
men
upon
the
left
,
move
away
;
the
next
three
of
each
hand
in
the
same
Rank
are
to
do
the
like
,
and
every
Rank
throughout
to
follow
successively
,
dividing
themselves
three
to
one
hand
,
and
three
to
the
other
,
until
they
have
made
twelve
Ranks
in
each
Division
,
and
falling
in
the
Reer
successively
to
each
hand
of
the
first
Rank
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
12
to
the
right
and
left
inward
;
or
,
Ranks
,
rank
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
intire
to
the
right
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
The
first
Rank
stand
,
the
rest
face
to
the
right
,
and
move
away
,
every
Rank
placing
it self
successively
to
the
right
,
until
they
stand
all
in
one
Rank
in
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
12
to
the
left
;
the
first
12
men
upon
the
left
are
to
stand
,
the
next
12
are
to
face
to
the
left
,
and
to
move
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
first
,
and
so
consequently
all
the
rest
;
or
else
to
command
,
Ranks
,
rank
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
intire
to
the
left
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
The
first
Rank
stand
,
the
rest
face
to
the
left
,
and
move
until
they
have
successively
placed
themselves
,
and
made
one
intire
Rank
into
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
12
to
the
right
,
the
12
outmost
men
upon
the
right
stand
,
the
rest
face
to
the
right
and
move
,
making
12
in
every
Rank
:
or
,
Ranks
,
rank
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
outward
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
The
first
Rank
stand
,
the
rest
face
outward
,
and
place
your selves
successively
into
the
Front
,
facing
after
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
12
to
the
right
and
left
inward
;
the
12
middlemost
men
stand
,
the
rest
face
inward
,
and
move
,
ranking
12
successively
behind
the
first
Rank
,
and
after
facing
to
their
Leader
,
and
to
even
their
Ranks
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
inward
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
The
first
Rank
is
to
move
away
to
the
right
and
left
,
the
next
Rank
moving
up
into
his
ground
,
doing
the
like
,
and
consequently
so
all
the
rest
,
until
the
last
Rank
be
come
up
intire
into
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
the
first
six
upon
the
right
,
and
the
first
six
upon
the
left
stand
,
the
rest
move
outward
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
the
first
Rank
,
ranking
six
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
after
closing
their
Divisions
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
to
the
right
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
Files
,
open
to
the
left
to
your
double
Distance
,
and
Ranks
close
forwards
to
Close
Order
,
and
move
up
to
the
right
into
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
left
;
the
first
six
upon
the
left
are
to
fall
into
a
File
,
the
rest
doing
the
like
,
until
you
have
made
12
Files
,
as
at
first
:
or
command
,
Ranks
,
file
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
to
the
left
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
Every
man
is
to
move
forward
to
the
left
into
the
Front
,
beginning
from
the
Leader
of
the
Files
,
and
moving
up
successively
,
making
one
intire
Rank
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
;
the
six
outmost
men
upon
the
right
are
to
fall
into
a
File
,
the
rest
in
like
manner
are
to
do
the
same
:
or
,
Ranks
,
file
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
outward
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
Right
and
left
Half-ranks
close
into
the
midst
,
to
Close
order
;
after
move
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
until
they
be
come
up
into
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
:
the
middle
men
are
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
side-ways
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
and
to
file
as
before
commanded
;
or
,
Ranks
,
file
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
inward
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
Right
and
left
Half-ranks
open
from
the
midst
to
twice
double
distance
,
and
Files
move
up
to
the
right
and
left
entire
into
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
the
outmost
men
stand
,
the
rest
move
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
filing
according
to
Command
,
and
after
to
close
their
Divisions
.
CHAP.
XL.
Ranks
ranking
into
the
Front
by
Countermarch
.
Command
.
RAnks
,
rank
entire
into
the
Front
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right-hand-man
.
Direction
.
The
first
Rank
stand
,
the
rest
move
away
to
the
right
successively
into
the
Front
,
placing
themselves
on
the
outside
of
their
right-hand-men
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
twelve
to
the
left
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
left-hand-man
;
the
first
twelve
upon
the
left
are
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
successively
to
fall
in
behind
the
first
Rank
,
placing
themselves
as
before
commanded
;
or
,
Ranks
,
rank
as
you
were
,
placing
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
left-hand-men
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
entire
to
the
left
into
the
Front
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
left-hand-man
.
Direction
.
The
first
Rank
stand
,
the
rest
move
away
to
the
left
successively
,
placing
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
left-hand-men
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
twelve
to
the
right
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right-hand-man
;
or
,
Ranks
,
rank
as
you
were
,
every
man
placing
himself
as
before
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
outward
into
the
Front
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
.
Direction
.
The
first
Rank
stand
,
the
rest
move
forth
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
successively
to
fall
into
the
Front
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
twelve
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
inside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
;
the
twelve
middle
men
are
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
six
to
one
hand
,
and
six
to
the
other
,
making
twelve
in
Rank
,
and
falling
behind
the
first
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
inward
into
the
Front
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
inside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
.
Direction
.
Right
and
left
Half-ranks
open
from
the
midst
to
twice
double
Distance
;
the
first
Rank
of
each
Division
is
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
successively
to
the
right
and
left
inward
into
the
Front
,
making
one
entire
rank
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
;
the
first
Rank
of
each
Division
stand
,
the
rest
move
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
ranking
as
before
commanded
,
falling
successively
in
the
reer
of
the
first
rank
,
and
after
to
close
their
Divisions
.
CHAP.
XLI
.
Files
ranking
into
the
Front
by
Wheeling
.
Command
.
FIles
,
rank
to
the
right
into
the
Front
by
wheeling
.
The
Files
are
to
be
at
double
distance
,
and
ranks
at
close
a
Order
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
right
,
and
wheel
to
the
left
,
until
they
stand
even
abrest
in
one
entire
Rank
in
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
left
by
wheeling
;
face
all
to
the
Reer
,
and
the
first
six
men
then
upon
the
right
,
wheel
to
the
right
,
and
so
consequently
all
the
rest
wheeling
by
fixes
to
the
right
,
their
Leaders
that
were
before
,
being
the
hinges
of
the
motion
,
and
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
to
the
left
into
the
Front
by
wheeling
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
left
,
and
wheel
to
the
right
,
until
they
make
all
one
entire
Rank
in
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
by
wheeling
;
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
the
six
outmost
men
upon
the
left
,
wheel
to
the
left
,
the
next
six
are
to
follow
,
and
consequently
all
the
rest
,
until
they
have
made
twelve
Files
as
at
the
first
,
and
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
outward
into
the
Front
by
wheeling
.
Direction
.
Right
and
left
half-Ranks
close
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
and
face
outward
,
wheeling
to
the
right
and
left
,
until
you
are
one
entire
Rank
.
Reducement
.
Rank
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
by
wheeling
,
face
about
to
the
right
;
and
the
twelve
middlemost
men
are
to
wheel
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
and
the
rest
are
likewise
to
do
the
same
by
Sixes
,
until
they
have
made
themselves
into
twelve
Files
;
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
inward
into
the
Front
by
wheeling
.
Direction
.
Right
and
left
half-Ranks
open
from
the
midst
to
twice
double
distance
,
after
face
inward
,
and
wheel
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
until
they
are
all
in
one
Rank
in
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
File
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
face
all
about
,
and
wheel
by
Sixes
to
the
right
and
left
,
the
Leaders
being
the
hinges
of
the
Motion
;
after
face
to
the
Front
,
and
right
and
left
half-Ranks
may
close
into
the
midst
again
to
their
double
distance
.
Here
endeth
the
ranking
into
the
Front
,
with
all
their
several
kinds
:
the
Reer
challengeth
next
place
,
but
I
shall
spare
the
pains
and
labour
to
set
them
down
,
in
regard
that
he
who
hath
a
mind
to
rank
his
men
thither
,
may
,
if
he
please
,
make
use
of
all
the
former
words
of
Command
for
the
performance
of
the
same
,
facing
them
upon
every
Command
to
the
Reer
.
I
come
therefore
in
the
next
place
only
to
mention
the
ranking
into
the
midst
by
Ranks
and
Files
,
which
may
likewise
be
performed
by
the
former
words
of
Command
,
provided
they
have
convenient
distance
,
and
be
faced
to
the
midst
,
and
after
the
Command
is
executed
,
to
face
them
to
their
first
Front
.
Yet
there
is
remaining
a
ranking
unto
all
these
places
at
once
;
for
the
performance
of
which
,
observe
these
few
words
of
Command
following
.
CHAP.
XLII
.
Ranks
ranking
,
or
Files
ranking
at
one
and
the
same
time
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
.
They
are
to
stand
at
Order
in
Rank
and
File
.
Command
.
RAnks
,
rank
outward
into
the
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
.
Direction
.
The
two
last
Ranks
are
to
face
about
;
the
first
Rank
,
and
the
last
Rank
,
and
the
third
Rank
from
the
Front
,
are
to
stand
;
the
other
three
are
to
move
forth
,
six
to
the
right
,
and
six
to
the
left
,
until
they
have
ranked
unto
all
these
places
,
after
face
to
the
Front
,
and
the
last
Rank
moving
f
r
ward
to
open
Order
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
twelve
to
the
right
and
left
inward
;
the
last
Rank
face
about
,
the
twelve
middlemost
men
of
each
Rank
are
to
stand
,
the
six
outmost
men
of
each
Rank
are
to
face
inward
,
to
move
and
fall
into
the
right
and
left
behind
the
middlemost
men
,
after
the
two
last
Ranks
are
to
face
to
the
Front
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
inward
into
the
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
.
Direction
.
Right
and
left
half-Ranks
open
from
the
midst
to
twice
double
distance
,
the
two
last
Ranks
face
to
the
Reer
,
the
first
and
last
Rank
,
and
the
third
Rank
from
the
Front
stand
,
the
rest
move
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
ranking
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
;
after
that
the
last
Rank
is
to
face
to
the
Front
,
and
to
close
forward
to
open
Order
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
the
last
Rank
face
about
,
and
the
outmost
six
men
upon
each
Rank
are
to
stand
,
and
the
middle
men
are
to
divide
themselves
six
to
the
right
hand
,
and
six
to
the
left
,
and
to
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
first
,
last
,
and
middle
Rank
;
after
the
last
Rank
is
to
face
to
the
Front
,
and
then
to
close
Ranks
and
Files
to
their
Order
.
Ranks
ranking
by
Countermarch
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
outward
into
the
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
.
Direction
.
The
two
last
Ranks
face
about
,
the
first
and
last
Rank
,
and
the
third
Rank
from
the
Front
stand
,
the
rest
move
forth
to
the
right
and
left
,
ranking
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
,
placing
themselves
on
the
outside
of
their
right
and
left-hand-men
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
twelve
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
placing
your
selves
on
the
inside
of
your
right
and
left-hand-men
,
the
last
Rank
face
about
,
the
twelve
middlemost
men
in
each
Rank
are
to
stand
,
and
the
outmost
six
men
in
each
Rank
are
to
move
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
placing
themselves
in
the
Reer
of
the
former
Ranks
,
and
on
the
inside
of
their
right
and
left-hand-men
,
facing
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
inward
into
the
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
inside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
.
Direction
.
Right
and
left
half-Ranks
open
from
the
midst
to
twice
double
distance
,
standing
then
at
Order
in
each
division
in
Rank
and
File
;
the
two
last
Ranks
face
about
,
and
the
first
,
last
,
and
third
Rank
from
the
Front
stand
,
the
rest
move
inward
,
placing
themselves
on
the
inside
of
their
right
and
left-hand-men
;
after
the
last
Rank
may
face
about
,
and
move
forward
to
open
Order
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
,
the
last
Rank
face
about
,
the
six
outmost
men
of
each
Rank
stand
,
and
the
twelve
middlemost
men
in
each
Rank
are
to
divide
themselves
six
to
the
right
,
and
six
to
the
left
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
the
outmost
men
,
placing
themselves
on
the
outside
of
their
right
and
left-hand-men
;
after
face
to
the
Front
,
and
Ranks
and
Files
close
to
the
midst
to
Order
.
Of
Files
ranking
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
.
Command
.
FIles
,
rank
outward
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
.
Direction
.
The
two
last
Ranks
face
about
,
the
first
,
last
,
and
third
Rank
from
the
Front
stand
,
the
rest
move
to
the
right
and
left
,
after
the
manner
of
doubling
of
Ranks
,
and
rank
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
,
as
before
commanded
;
and
after
the
last
Rank
face
to
the
Front
,
closing
forward
to
Order
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
the
last
Rank
face
about
,
and
the
even
men
from
the
midst
of
Files
are
to
fall
in
behind
the
odd
,
after
the
manner
of
doubling
Files
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
and
after
the
two
last
Ranks
are
to
face
to
the
Front
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
inward
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
.
Direction
.
They
standing
at
the
distance
of
Order
in
Rank
and
File
,
command
right
and
left
Half-ranks
to
open
from
the
Midst
something
more
then
to
open
Order
,
after
the
two
last
Ranks
are
to
face
about
,
and
the
first
,
last
,
and
third
Rank
from
the
Front
are
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
after
the
manner
of
doubling
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
inward
;
after
the
last
Rank
is
to
face
to
the
Front
,
and
to
close
forwards
to
open
Order
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
the
last
Rank
face
about
,
and
every
man
from
the
Flanks
is
to
move
outward
,
after
the
manner
of
doubling
Files
to
the
right
and
left
outward
;
then
the
two
last
Ranks
are
to
face
to
the
Front
,
and
the
whole
Body
may
close
their
Ranks
and
Files
into
the
Midst
to
Order
.
CHAP.
XLIII
.
Of
Files
ranking
by
Wheeling
.
Command
.
FIles
,
rank
outward
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
,
The
Ranks
must
be
at
Close
Order
,
and
the
Files
at
Open
Order
for
these
three
words
of
Command
following
;
and
it
would
be
better
to
divide
them
into
three
Divisions
,
that
is
to
say
,
between
every
two
Ranks
to
have
some
six
foot
of
ground
interval
,
that
they
may
more
distinctly
perform
the
same
.
by
Wheeling
.
Direction
.
The
two
last
Ranks
face
about
,
after
face
all
outward
,
and
wheel
to
the
right
and
left
,
by
two
and
two
,
until
they
be
ranked
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
:
the
last
Rank
may
after
move
forwards
unto
the
same
distance
the
former
stands
at
,
being
first
faced
to
their
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
by
wheeling
,
the
first
two
Ranks
face
about
,
and
then
every
particular
Rank
to
wheel
by
two
and
two
towards
the
midst
of
Files
,
until
they
have
made
twelve
Files
as
at
first
;
and
after
face
all
to
the
Front
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
inward
into
the
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
by
wheeling
.
Direction
.
Right
and
left
Half-ranks
open
from
the
midst
something
more
then
to
open
Order
,
the
two
last
Ranks
of
each
Division
face
about
;
after
face
all
inward
,
and
wheel
by
two
and
two
to
the
right
and
left
,
until
they
have
ranked
into
Front
,
and
Reer
,
and
Midst
to
the
right
and
left
inward
;
the
last
Rank
is
after
to
face
to
the
Front
,
taking
his
distance
conformable
to
the
rest
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
by
wheeling
,
the
two
first
Ranks
face
about
,
and
each
particular
Rank
is
to
wheel
by
two's
towards
the
Flanks
,
until
they
have
made
twelve
Files
,
as
at
first
;
after
facing
all
to
the
Front
,
and
closing
their
Ranks
and
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
inward
into
the
midst
by
wheeling
.
Direction
.
Right
and
left
Half-ranks
open
from
the
midst
to
twice
double
distance
,
after
face
inward
,
and
let
them
know
that
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Front
Half-files
and
the
Half-file-Leaders
are
the
hinges
of
the
Motion
;
after
face
them
to
the
Front
,
and
they
will
be
in
two
Ranks
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
by
wheeling
,
the
last
Rank
face
about
,
and
both
Ranks
wheel
to
the
right
and
left
by
threes
,
until
they
have
made
twelve
Files
as
at
first
;
after
face
all
to
the
Front
,
and
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
outward
into
the
Front
and
Reer
by
wheeling
.
Direction
.
Right
and
left
Half-ranks
close
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
after
face
outward
,
and
wheel
to
the
right
and
left
:
the
Bringers-up
and
the
Leaders
are
the
hinges
of
the
Motion
;
and
when
they
are
brought
into
two
Ranks
,
one
in
the
Front
,
and
the
other
in
the
Reer
,
face
them
to
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
by
wheeling
,
the
first
Rank
face
about
,
and
both
Ranks
are
to
wheel
by
threes
towards
the
midst
of
Files
,
until
they
have
filed
according
unto
Command
;
after
facing
to
their
Leader
,
evening
their
Ranks
,
and
straightning
their
Files
.
And
thus
much
of
Conversion
,
or
Ranks
ranking
,
or
Files
ranking
,
they
having
more
variety
in
them
,
then
many
times
can
be
useful
,
except
it
be
to
present
unto
the
Souldiers
some
things
that
are
new
in
the
Motions
,
which
many
times
they
love
to
see
.
I
could
upon
this
Subject
have
much
more
enlarged
my self
;
but
conceiving
what
is
already
set
down
may
be
sufficient
for
the
knowledge
of
any
intelligible
Souldier
,
I
come
therefore
briefly
to
treat
of
Inversion
,
or
of
Ranks
filing
,
and
Files
filing
.
CHAP.
XLIV
.
Of
Ranks
filing
,
or
of
Files
filing
,
or
of
Inversion
,
with
their
several
sorts
and
kinds
.
Command
.
FIles
,
file
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
The
right-hand
File
is
to
move
away
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
and
after
the
next
File
to
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
first
,
and
consequently
so
all
the
rest
until
they
become
one
File
.
Reducement
.
File-leaders
,
lead
up
your
Files
to
the
left
;
or
,
Files
,
file
six
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
to
the
right
entire
advancing
.
Direction
.
The
right-hand
File
stand
,
the
rest
move
away
successively
,
placing
themselves
in
one
direct
File
before
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
file
six
to
the
right
into
the
Reer
,
face
all
about
;
or
,
Files
,
file
six
to
the
right
towards
the
Front
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
inward
into
the
right
Flank
.
Direction
.
Half-files
face
about
,
and
the
outmost
Files
then
upon
the
left
as
they
are
so
faced
,
are
to
move
away
forward
,
and
consequently
all
the
rest
are
to
fall
in
behind
them
;
the
like
is
to
be
performed
by
the
Front
,
the
outmost
File
at
the
same
time
is
to
move
away
,
and
the
rest
successively
falling
in
until
they
have
made
one
entire
File
,
after
they
are
to
face
to
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Front
Half-file
,
file
three
to
the
left
;
Reer
Half-file
face
about
,
and
file
three
to
the
right
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
your
Divisions
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
to
the
right
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Half-files
face
about
:
the
outmost
File
upon
the
right
is
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
forward
,
and
to
place
themselves
successively
into
one
entire
File
,
going
forward
after
each
other
,
and
after
face
to
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Front-half-files
,
file
three
to
the
right
,
and
Reer-half-files
face
about
,
and
file
three
to
the
left
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
your
Divisions
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
file
to
the
right
,
every
man
placing
himself
behind
his
right-hand-man
.
Ranks
filing
by
way
of
Counter-march
.
Direction
.
This
may
be
done
marching
or
standing
;
if
marching
,
the
right-hand-man
of
the
first
Rank
doth
first
move
away
,
the
rest
in
the
same
Rank
do
fall
in
behind
him
,
and
consequently
all
the
rest
,
until
they
make
one
intire
File
;
if
upon
a
Stand
,
the
Ranks
are
to
open
backward
to
such
a
Distance
,
as
they
may
conveniently
fall
into
one
File
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
rank
12
to
the
left
;
or
,
Files
,
rank
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
file
to
the
right
,
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
right-hand-man
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
File
stand
,
The
Ranks
are
to
be
at
twice
double
Distance
,
&
the
Files
at
order
.
the
rest
are
to
move
forward
with
their
right
leg
,
placing
themselves
before
the
right-hand-man
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
rank
12
to
the
left
;
or
,
Files
,
rank
as
you
were
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
file
to
the
right
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
,
and
his
Bringer-up
.
Direction
.
The
Half-files
are
to
face
about
,
onely
the
right-hand-file
is
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
forward
,
filing
to
the
right
Flank
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
,
and
his
Bringer-up
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front-half-files
,
rank
12
to
the
right
,
Reer-half-files
face
about
,
and
rank
12
to
the
left
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
close
your
Divisions
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
file
inward
into
the
right
Flank
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
,
and
his
Bringer-up
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
:
Front
and
Reer-half-files
are
to
march
to
such
convenient
distance
,
as
the
Ranks
may
fall
into
the
midst
of
the
right
Flank
;
after
they
are
to
face
about
,
or
to
face
to
the
midst
of
Ranks
;
and
then
they
are
to
move
forward
into
the
right
Flank
,
every
man
placing
himself
as
before
commanded
,
and
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front-half-files
,
rank
12
to
the
left
,
Reer-half-files
face
about
,
and
rank
12
to
the
right
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
your
Divisions
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
to
the
right
,
every
man
placing
himself
behind
his
Bringer-up
.
Files
f●ling
by
way
of
Counter-march
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
File
stand
,
the
rest
face
about
,
and
move
forward
each
particular
File
to
the
left
,
placing
themselves
behind
their
Right-hand-file
,
and
their
Bringers-up
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
file
six
to
the
left
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
to
the
right
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Direction
.
The
Right-hand-file
stand
,
the
rest
move
forwards
,
every
File
successively
placing
themselves
before
their
Leaders
,
and
their
Right-hand-file
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
file
six
to
the
right
into
the
Reer
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Bringer-up
;
face
all
about
,
the
last
six
men
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
,
and
to
file
six
to
the
right
,
placing
themselves
before
their
Bringers-up
,
and
after
to
face
to
the
Front
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
to
the
right
Flank
by
Division
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
,
and
his
Bringer-up
.
Direction
.
Half-files
face
about
;
the
Right-hand-file
is
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
forward
to
the
right
Flank
,
placing
themselves
before
their
Leaders
,
and
their
Bringers-up
,
making
one
intire
File
to
the
right
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front-half-files
,
face
about
,
and
file
three
to
the
right
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Bringer-up
;
and
Reer-half-files
,
file
three
to
the
left
,
placing
your selves
before
your
Leaders
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
inward
into
the
right
Flank
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
,
and
his
Bringer-up
.
Direction
.
Half-files
face
about
,
and
Front
and
Reer-half-files
move
forward
,
until
there
be
sufficient
Distance
to
file
into
the
right
Flank
;
after
face
them
about
to
the
midst
of
Ranks
,
then
the
files
may
move
successively
into
the
right
Flank
,
placing
themselves
before
their
Leaders
,
and
their
Bringers-up
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front-half-files
,
file
three
to
the
left
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
;
and
Reer-half-files
,
face
about
,
and
file
three
to
the
right
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Bringer-up
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
your
Divisions
.
CHAP.
XLV
.
Ranks
wheeling
into
the
Flanks
.
They
ought
to
be
at
twice
double
Distance
in
rank
and
at
Close
order
in
file
.
Command
.
RAnks
,
wheel
to
the
right
,
into
the
right
Flank
.
Direction
.
Every
particular
Rank
is
to
wheel
to
their
right
hand
,
until
they
have
brought
their
Aspects
unto
the
right
Flank
;
after
face
to
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
rank
12
to
the
right
:
the
first
man
is
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
forward
to
the
right
successively
,
12
in
a
Rank
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
wheel
to
the
left
to
the
right
Flank
.
Direction
.
Face
all
about
,
and
Ranks
wheel
to
the
left
,
until
you
have
brought
your
Aspects
unto
the
right
Flank
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
rank
12
to
the
left
:
the
first
man
is
to
stand
,
the
rest
are
to
move
forwards
,
making
up
12
abrest
to
the
left
,
until
they
have
made
six
Ranks
as
at
first
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
wheel
outward
to
the
right
Flank
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
the
first
three
Ranks
wheel
to
the
right
,
and
the
three
last
Ranks
wheel
to
the
left
;
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front-half-files
,
rank
12
to
the
right
;
Reer-half-files
,
face
about
,
and
rank
12
to
the
left
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
march
up
and
close
forwards
to
your
due
Distance
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
wheel
inward
into
the
right
Flank
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
march
from
the
midst
to
twice
double
distance
;
after
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
face
about
;
Front-half-files
,
wheel
your
Ranks
to
the
left
;
Reer-half-files
,
wheel
your
Ranks
to
the
right
,
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front-half-files
,
rank
12
to
the
left
;
Reer-half-files
,
face
about
,
and
rank
12
to
the
right
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
your
Divisions
.
The
left
Flank
challengeth
the
next
place
;
but
I
shall
spare
that
pains
,
in
regard
it
is
to
be
done
by
the
same
words
of
Command
,
onely
altering
the
hand
:
I
come
therefore
in
the
next
place
to
shew
how
Ranks
and
Files
may
file
outward
to
both
Flanks
and
midst
at
one
and
the
same
time
by
proper
words
of
Command
,
as
followeth
.
CHAP.
XLVI
.
Of
Files
filing
,
or
Ranks
filing
to
both
the
Flanks
and
the
Midst
at
one
and
the
same
time
.
Command
.
FIles
,
file
to
the
right
and
left
of
both
Flanks
,
and
the
midst
of
Files
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
File
upon
each
Flank
,
and
the
two
middle
Files
are
to
move
away
;
the
rest
are
to
fall
in
successively
behind
to
the
right
and
left
,
filing
to
both
Flanks
,
and
to
the
midst
;
after
to
stand
,
and
even
their
Ranks
,
and
streighten
their
Files
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
file
six
to
right
and
left
inward
,
moving
between
the
Flanks
and
the
middle
files
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
to
both
Flanks
,
and
to
the
midst
of
Files
advancing
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
File
upon
each
Flank
stand
,
and
so
likewise
the
two
inmost
Files
;
the
rest
move
forth
and
place
themselves
successively
filing
,
advancing
toward
both
Flanks
,
and
the
midst
of
Files
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
to
the
Reer
,
placing
yourselves
between
the
Flanks
and
the
middle
files
;
the
moving
part
is
to
face
about
,
and
to
march
down
according
to
command
as
before
exprest
,
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
to
both
Flanks
and
the
midst
by
Division
.
They
must
be
at
order
both
in
rank
and
file
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
File
upon
each
Flank
,
and
the
two
inmost
Files
,
stand
;
Half-files
of
the
other
Files
,
face
about
,
and
march
forth
,
and
file
by
threes
to
the
right
and
left
into
both
Flanks
and
the
midst
;
facing
to
their
Leader
,
they
will
stand
in
four
Files
eighteen
deep
.
Reducement
.
The
six
middlemost
men
in
each
File
stand
;
the
three
first
and
the
three
last
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
:
the
three
first
Ranks
face
about
;
then
moving
by
threes
between
the
outmost
File
of
each
Flank
and
the
middle
Files
,
after
facing
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
inward
into
both
Flanks
and
into
the
midst
of
Files
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
march
all
,
and
open
from
the
midst
to
twice
double
distance
;
face
all
about
to
the
right
:
the
two
inmost
and
the
two
outmost
Files
stand
;
the
rest
move
successively
by
threes
,
until
they
file
into
both
Flanks
and
into
the
midst
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
file
three
to
the
right
and
left
inward
into
the
Front
and
Reer
;
Half-files
,
face
about
;
the
three
first
and
the
three
last
Ranks
,
stand
;
the
12
middlemost
men
move
inward
by
threes
into
Front
and
Reer
,
between
the
outmost
and
the
middlemost
Files
:
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
your
Divisions
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
both
Flanks
and
to
the
midst
of
Files
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Bringers-up
.
Direction
.
Face
all
about
;
the
two
outmost
Files
and
the
two
middlemost
Files
,
stand
;
the
rest
move
forth
to
the
right
and
left
,
placing
themselves
successively
before
their
Bringers-up
,
filing
towards
both
Flanks
and
the
midst
of
Files
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
following
your
Bringers-up
between
the
Flanks
and
the
middle
Files
;
the
first
six
Ranks
are
to
stand
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
to
both
Flanks
and
to
the
midst
of
Files
,
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
File
upon
each
Flank
,
and
the
two
middlemost
Files
stand
;
the
rest
advance
forward
,
placing
themselves
successively
before
their
Leaders
,
filing
both
Flanks
and
to
the
midst
of
Files
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
into
the
Reer
,
following
your
Leaders
,
between
the
Flankers
and
the
middle
Files
;
the
six
last
Ranks
face
about
;
and
after
they
have
filed
,
they
are
all
to
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
to
both
Flanks
and
to
the
midst
by
Division
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
and
Bringer-up
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
File
upon
each
Flank
,
and
the
two
inmost
,
stand
;
Half-files
of
the
other
Files
,
face
about
;
and
then
command
them
to
move
,
filing
to
both
Flanks
and
into
the
midst
,
placing
themselves
before
their
Leaders
and
Bringers-up
;
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
The
six
middlemost
men
in
each
File
stand
;
the
three
first
and
the
three
last
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
;
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
and
Bringer-up
:
the
three
first
Ranks
face
about
;
and
then
with
the
three
last
,
they
are
to
move
forward
between
the
outmost
and
the
middlemost
Files
;
that
is
,
by
threes
to
place
themselves
before
their
Leaders
and
their
Bringers-up
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
inward
into
both
Flanks
and
into
the
midst
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
and
Bringer-up
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
to
the
Reer
;
march
all
,
and
open
from
the
midst
to
twice
double
distance
;
face
all
about
to
the
right
,
the
two
inmost
and
the
two
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
stand
;
the
rest
move
successively
by
threes
,
placing
themselves
before
their
Leaders
and
Bringers-up
,
filing
into
both
Flanks
and
the
midst
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Files
three
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
into
Front
and
Reer
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
and
his
Bringer-up
;
Half-files
,
face
about
;
the
three
first
and
three
last
Ranks
stand
;
the
12
middlemost
men
move
forwards
by
threes
,
between
the
outmost
and
the
middle
Files
,
placing
themselves
as
aforesaid
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
your
Divisions
.
CHAP.
XLVII
.
Of
Ranks
wheeling
to
both
the
Flanks
.
They
are
to
be
at
double
distance
in
Ranks
,
and
at
order
in
Files
.
Command
.
RAnks
,
wheel
to
the
right
and
left
to
both
Flanks
advancing
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
men
upon
the
right
and
left
in
every
Rank
are
the
hinges
of
the
Motion
;
the
rest
are
to
divide
their
Ranks
by
wheeling
,
six
to
the
right
,
and
six
to
the
left
,
until
they
have
brought
their
Aspects
unto
both
the
Flanks
;
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
rank
12
to
the
right
and
left
inward
into
the
Reer
;
face
all
to
the
right
and
left
about
inward
,
and
begin
the
Motion
from
each
File
,
to
rank
six
to
the
right
and
six
to
the
left
,
making
up
12
abrest
in
the
Reer
;
the
rest
following
until
they
have
made
six
Ranks
in
a
brest
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
wheel
to
the
right
and
left
towards
the
Reer
.
Direction
.
Face
all
about
.
The
outside-men
are
the
hinges
of
this
Motion
,
who
are
to
wheel
from
the
Reer
to
the
right
and
left
,
until
they
have
brought
their
Aspects
unto
both
the
Flanks
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
rank
12
to
the
right
and
left
inward
;
the
Right-hand-file
is
to
begin
to
rank
six
to
the
left
;
the
Left-hand-file
is
to
rank
six
to
the
right
,
making
up
even
abrest
12
in
number
,
the
rest
doing
the
same
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
wheel
your
ranks
outward
into
both
Flanks
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
and
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
wheel
outward
into
both
Flanks
,
until
you
have
brought
your
Aspects
unto
the
right
and
left
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
rank
12
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
towards
the
midst
of
Ranks
;
Front-half-files
face
about
,
and
begin
the
Motion
from
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Front-half-files
,
and
the
Half-file-leaders
;
ranking
six
to
the
right
and
left
from
each
File
,
making
12
abrest
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
wheel
your
Ranks
into
both
Flanks
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
,
and
march
all
until
you
be
at
twice
double
distance
in
the
midst
;
then
face
all
about
to
the
right
,
and
wheel
to
the
right
and
left
,
until
you
have
brought
your
Aspects
unto
both
Flanks
,
by
wheeling
inward
to
them
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
rank
12
to
the
right
and
left
inward
into
Front
and
Reer
;
Half-files
,
face
about
,
and
rank
in
Front
and
Reer
,
six
to
the
right
and
six
to
the
left
,
making
12
abrest
;
after
face
to
your
Leader
.
CHAP.
XLVIII
.
Of
Ranks
wheeling
to
the
midst
of
Files
.
Command
.
FRont
and
Reer-half-files
,
wheel
your
Ranks
inward
to
the
midst
of
Files
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
and
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
wheel
your
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
until
they
face
in
opposition
;
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
unto
the
midst
of
Ranks
;
Front-half-files
,
face
about
,
and
Rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
;
Reer-half-files
do
the
same
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
wheel
your
Ranks
inward
into
the
midst
of
Files
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
march
until
you
have
attained
twice
double
distance
in
the
midst
of
Ranks
;
face
all
about
to
the
right
,
and
wheel
to
the
right
and
left
inward
into
the
midst
of
Files
;
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
into
Front
and
Reer
;
Half-files
,
face
about
;
and
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
as
before
commanded
;
to
your
Leader
,
move
forward
,
and
close
your
Divisions
to
your
double
distance
.
CHAP.
XLIX
.
Of
Ranks
wheeling
to
both
Flanks
,
and
into
the
midst
,
at
one
and
the
same
time
.
They
ought
to
be
at
more
then
Open
order
in
Ranks
,
and
at
order
in
Files
.
Command
.
FRont
and
Reer-half-files
,
wheel
your
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
into
both
Flanks
,
and
the
midst
of
Files
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
to
the
right
;
and
the
middle
Files
,
and
the
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
,
are
the
hinges
of
this
Motion
;
the
rest
are
to
wheel
their
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
towards
both
the
Flanks
,
and
to
the
midst
of
Files
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
to
the
midst
of
Ranks
,
and
between
the
Flankers
and
the
middle
Files
:
Front-half-files
,
face
about
,
and
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
towards
the
midst
of
Ranks
,
&
between
the
Flankers
,
and
middle
Files
;
the
Reer-half-files
doing
the
same
,
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
wheel
your
Ranks
inward
into
both
Flanks
,
and
into
the
midst
of
Files
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
and
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
march
until
you
be
at
double
distance
in
the
midst
;
after
face
all
about
to
the
right
,
and
wheel
your
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
inward
into
both
Flanks
,
and
into
the
midst
of
Files
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
into
Front
and
Reer
,
between
the
Flankers
and
the
middle
Files
;
Half-files
face
about
,
and
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
to
the
Reer
between
the
Flankers
and
the
middle
Files
,
the
Front-half-files
doing
the
same
to
the
Front
,
after
facing
to
their
Leader
;
&
Half-files
move
forwards
,
closing
their
Divisions
to
the
distance
of
the
former
Ranks
.
Having
dwelt
thus
long
upon
this
subject
of
Inversion
and
Conversion
(
occasioned
thereunto
by
their
great
variety
and
difficulty
in
the
performance
of
them
,
)
I
hold
it
convenient
to
give
a
breathing
space
unto
the
wearied
Souldier
,
whilst
I
in
the
mean
time
prepare
further
matter
for
his
longing
desire
.
Yet
before
I
enter
in
any
other
discourse
of
the
Art
Military
,
I
hold
it
requisite
to
give
some
admonitions
to
those
that
shall
venture
upon
them
.
For
being
very
difficult
,
they
are
not
easily
understood
by
every
puny
;
my
advice
therefore
is
,
to
wave
such
things
in
time
of
Exercise
,
which
the
Souldiers
are
unacquainted
with
,
providing
for
them
such
matter
as
is
both
plain
and
easie
;
and
being
frequently
practised
in
such
,
he
may
after
drill
them
on
to
harder
,
till
by
degrees
he
hath
brought
them
unto
such
perfection
and
knowledge
,
that
they
shall
be
able
to
perform
and
execute
what
is
commanded
;
not
gazing
upon
one
another
,
(
as
I
have
often
observed
)
neither
knowing
their
Leaders
meaning
;
or
if
they
did
,
they
are
altogether
ignorant
how
to
fulfil
his
commands
.
Frequent
practice
therefore
makes
the
Souldier
expert
,
witness
our
gallant
Souldiers
and
Citizens
of
London
,
who
are
most
of
them
so
well
grounded
(
by
frequent
practice
)
that
their
Leaders
can
scarce
give
a
word
of
Command
,
which
is
not
easily
apprehended
by
them
,
they
being
in
their
exercises
so
often
inured
to
such
difficult
expressions
as
these
of
Inversion
and
Conversion
.
CHAP.
L.
Of
Counter-marches
,
with
th●ir
several
sorts
and
kinds
,
affording
much
variety
in
time
of
Exercise
.
THose
which
have
a
longing
desire
to
be
throughly
knowing
in
this
part
or
branch
of
Military
Discipline
,
must
take
notice
of
these
four
sorts
,
(
viz.
)
Counter-marching
of
Files
,
next
of
Ranks
,
after
the
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
and
lastly
,
of
right
and
left
Half-ranks
:
all
which
are
performed
either
by
intire
or
Divisional
Counter-marches
,
or
else
by
the
intire
changing
of
ground
;
and
that
by
many
ways
,
the
Front-half-files
with
the
Reer
,
the
right
Half-ranks
with
the
left
:
So
that
an
expert
Leader
may
venter
so
far
in
them
,
as
to
continue
his
Exercise
(
without
reducing
)
almost
for
an
hour
,
and
not
to
express
himself
twice
in
any
one
word
of
Command
;
they
affording
such
plenty
and
variety
in
them
,
that
with
pleasure
,
using
but
four
words
of
Command
,
he
may
bring
each
Souldier
into
his
proper
place
again
;
observing
these
directions
following
.
As
first
,
to
look
down
in
the
Body
,
where
his
File-leaders
are
,
and
where
his
Bringers-up
:
&
likewise
marking
the
several
places
of
his
Half-file-leaders
,
&
the
Bringers
up
of
his
Front-half-files
,
together
with
his
Flankers
&
his
middle
Files
:
this
special
care
being
taken
,
he
may
begin
and
proceed
to
the
Reducement
,
after
this
manner
.
If
by
some
former
Counter-marches
his
File-leaders
are
in
the
place
of
his
Half-file-leaders
,
and
that
his
Bringers-up
are
in
the
room
of
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Front-half-files
,
then
he
may
proceed
in
this
,
or
the
like
kinde
,
commanding
them
to
countermarch
their
Front
and
Reer
into
the
midst
;
which
being
performed
,
they
will
stand
in
some
pretty
way
of
reducing
;
after
facing
them
to
the
Front
,
where
he
meets
with
his
Bringers-up
,
in
stead
of
his
File-leaders
;
which
by
one
Counter-march
will
bring
them
up
again
into
the
Front
.
Yet
perhaps
the
Flankers
have
inter-changed
ground
with
the
middle
File-leaders
:
if
so
,
then
Counter-march
their
Flanks
into
the
midst
,
and
face
them
to
the
Front
:
and
if
it
happen
that
the
right
Flank
is
become
the
left
,
and
the
left
the
right
;
then
Counter-march
their
Ranks
to
any
hand
,
and
after
face
them
to
the
first
Front
they
are
reduced
.
And
farther
,
take
this
for
a
general
rule
,
that
when
Files
or
Ranks
Counter-march
to
any
hand
,
command
them
to
Counter-march
to
the
contrary
,
and
it
will
reduce
them
;
or
countermarching
your
Front
and
Reer
into
the
midst
,
counter-marching
of
them
back
again
from
the
midst
will
bring
each
man
into
his
proper
place
again
.
The
same
rule
being
observed
,
reduceth
the
Flankers
,
or
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
counter-marching
of
them
from
the
midst
.
Counter-marches
rightly
considered
,
branch
themselves
forth
into
these
three
particulars
.
The
-
Macedonian
.
-
Lacedemonian
.
-
Chorean
.
The
Macedonian
is
a
Counter-march
of
gaining
ground
,
for
that
it
leaveth
the
ground
it
formerly
stood
upon
,
and
in
lieu
thereof
taketh
the
ground
before
the
Front
,
and
turneth
their
Aspects
unto
the
Reer
.
The
Lacedemonian
is
a
Counter-march
of
losing
ground
,
for
that
it
leaveth
the
ground
it
first
stood
upon
,
and
in
room
thereof
,
taketh
the
ground
which
is
behind
the
Reer
;
thither
likewise
altering
the
Souldiers
Aspects
.
The
Chorean
is
a
Counter-march
maintaining
ground
,
keeping
the
ground
the
Battalia
formerly
stood
upon
,
every
Souldier
taking
anothers
place
;
it
likewise
turns
the
Aspect
towards
the
Reer
.
Thus
you
see
(
for
all
their
great
variety
which
latter
ages
have
invented
)
they
consist
but
of
three
sorts
or
kinds
,
either
maintaining
,
gaining
,
or
losing
of
ground
;
and
may
be
performed
(
as
I
said
before
)
either
by
intire
or
divisional
Counter-marches
.
It
may
now
be
expected
that
I
declare
unto
the
Souldier
the
meaning
of
each
particular
Counter-march
;
briefly
therefore
,
thus
:
Files
counter-marching
is
,
when
every
Souldier
followeth
his
Leader
;
Ranks
counter-marching
is
,
when
every
Souldier
followeth
his
side-man
,
whether
it
be
to
the
right-hand
or
to
the
left
:
Front
and
Reer-half-files
counter-marching
is
,
sometimes
when
every
particular
Souldier
followeth
his
Leader
or
Bringer-up
;
or
else
when
they
follow
their
Half-file-leaders
,
or
their
Bringers-up
of
the
Front-half-files
,
or
the
like
:
Right
and
left
Half-ranks
counter-marching
is
,
when
every
Souldier
in
the
Rank
followeth
the
outmost
men
upon
the
right
and
left
;
or
when
they
shall
follow
their
inside
right
and
left-hand-men
,
or
the
like
.
What
hath
hitherto
been
spoken
may
be
sufficient
,
both
for
the
instruction
and
direction
of
any
discreet
Souldier
:
I
come
in
the
next
place
to
set
them
all
before
them
as
they
lie
in
Order
.
CHAP.
LI.
Intire
Counter-marching
of
Files
.
Command
.
FIles
to
the
-
Right
-
Left
Hand
,
Counter-march
,
maintaining
ground
.
Direction
.
File-leaders
,
turn
off
upon
the
ground
you
stand
;
the
rest
moving
up
successively
into
the
File-leaders
place
,
turning
off
until
the
Bringers-up
come
up
into
the
Front
;
after
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
File-leaders
,
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
Leaders
.
Command
.
File-leaders
,
face
about
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
Leaders
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
File-Leaders
face
to
the
Reer
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
following
your
Bringers-up
,
and
placing
your selves
behind
your
Leaders
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
File-leaders
stand
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
Leaders
,
following
your
Bringers
up
.
Command
.
Files
to
the
right
and
left
Counter-march
losing
ground
,
placing
your selves
before
your
Bringers-up
.
Direction
.
Every
File-leader
turn
off
upon
the
ground
he
stands
on
,
the
rest
successively
doing
the
same
until
they
come
to
the
last
Rank
,
who
need
do
no
more
then
face
about
;
after
face
all
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
The
last
Rank
stand
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
placing
your selves
behind
your
Bringers-up
,
every
man
following
his
Leader
.
Direction
.
File-leaders
turn
off
to
the
right
or
left
,
the
rest
following
successively
until
they
are
all
clear
of
the
Reer
,
then
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
stand
,
the
rest
face
about
,
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
Bringers-up
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
face
about
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
Bringers-up
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
Reer
,
and
begin
the
Motion
with
the
second
Rank
from
the
Reer
,
moving
forward
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Bringer-up
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Counter-march
your
Front
and
Reer
into
the
midst
.
Direction
.
Half-files
face
about
,
and
turn
off
to
the
left
;
Front
Half-files
turn
off
to
the
right
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer
Half-files
Counter-march
to
the
right
or
left
.
Direction
.
This
is
to
be
done
distinctly
,
the
Front
half-files
turning
off
to
the
right
by
themselves
,
the
Reer
half-files
turning
off
in
like
manner
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
File-leaders
,
and
half-file-leaders
stand
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
Leaders
and
half-file-leaders
.
Command
.
Counter-march
your
Front
and
Reer
half-files
to
the
right
and
left
from
the
midst
.
Direction
.
Front
half-files
face
about
,
and
turn
off
to
the
right
;
Reer
half-files
turn
off
to
the
left
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
File-leaders
and
half-file-leaders
face
about
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
Leaders
,
and
your
half-file-leaders
;
to
your
Leaders
.
Command
.
File-leaders
and
half-file-leaders
stand
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
Leaders
and
half-file-leaders
,
every
man
following
his
Bringer-up
,
and
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Front
half-files
.
Command
.
File-leaders
and
half-file-leaders
face
about
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
Leaders
and
half-file-leaders
,
following
your
Bringers-up
.
Direction
.
The
File-leaders
and
the
Half-file-leaders
(
being
first
faced
)
are
to
stand
;
and
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Front
and
Reer-half-files
are
to
move
forwards
,
until
they
be
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
after
they
are
to
face
to
the
Reer
;
which
being
ended
,
they
are
again
to
face
to
the
Front
.
CHAP.
LII
.
Divisional
Counter-marching
of
Files
.
Command
.
FIle-leaders
and
Bringers-up
,
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
Leaders
and
your
Bringers-up
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
the
Counter-march
being
ended
,
and
faced
again
to
the
Front
,
command
them
to
move
forwards
,
and
close
their
Divisions
.
Command
.
File-leaders
,
face
about
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
Leaders
and
your
Bringers-up
.
Direction
.
The
two
last
Ranks
from
the
Reer
face
about
;
and
then
they
are
to
begin
the
Motion
together
;
which
being
ended
,
face
them
to
the
Front
,
and
the
Half-files
are
to
move
forward
,
and
to
close
their
divisions
.
Command
.
File-leaders
and
Bringers-up
,
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
Leaders
and
your
Bringers-up
;
following
the
Half-file-leaders
,
and
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Front-half-files
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
:
this
Motion
is
begun
by
the
Bringers-up
of
each
Division
;
which
being
ended
,
they
are
to
face
to
their
Leader
;
the
Half-files
moving
forwards
,
closing
their
Divisions
.
Command
.
File-leaders
,
face
about
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
Leaders
and
your
Bringers-up
,
following
the
Half-file-leaders
,
and
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Front-half-files
.
Direction
.
The
two
last
Ranks
from
the
Reer
,
face
about
:
this
Motion
is
begun
by
the
Bringers-up
of
each
Division
,
who
are
to
lead
away
the
rest
following
,
until
they
be
clear
of
the
Front
and
Reer
;
and
after
to
face
about
,
placing
themselves
behind
their
Half-file-leaders
and
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Front-half-files
;
then
facing
to
the
Front
,
the
Half-files
moving
forwards
,
closing
their
Divisions
.
Command
.
Counter-march
to
the
right
and
left
;
your
Front
and
Reer-half-files
from
the
midst
(
losing
ground
)
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
and
his
Bringer-up
.
Direction
.
Front-half-files
,
face
about
,
and
turn
off
to
the
right
,
and
the
Half-file-leaders
turn
off
to
the
left
,
and
march
cleer
of
the
Front
and
Reer
,
and
after
the
File-leaders
;
the
Bringers-up
are
but
to
face
about
,
and
the
Counter-march
will
be
ended
;
then
face
the
Half-files
to
the
Front
,
let
them
move
forward
and
close
their
Divisions
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer-half-files
interchange
ground
to
the
right
or
left
,
marching
cleer
each
from
other
.
Direction
.
Front-half-files
,
face
about
;
and
pass
through
to
your
own
right
hands
,
until
you
be
cleer
six
foot
of
each
other
;
then
face
to
the
Front
,
the
Half-files
moving
forwards
,
and
closing
their
Divisions
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
Counter-march
to
the
right
,
and
interchange
ground
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
,
and
turn
off
to
the
right
;
and
Front-half-files
at
the
same
time
doing
the
like
,
moving
forwards
until
they
be
cleer
one
of
another
six
foot
;
then
facing
to
their
Leader
,
close
their
Divisions
.
CHAP.
LIII
.
Intire
Counter-marches
of
Ranks
.
Command
.
RAnks
to
the
right-hand
,
counter-marching
maintaining
ground
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
right
;
the
Right-hand-file
that
was
,
turn
off
to
the
right
,
the
rest
moving
up
into
the
same
ground
,
turning
off
likewise
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
outmost
File
upon
the
right
,
face
to
the
right
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
Right-hand-men
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
right
,
and
pass
through
as
before
exprest
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
Right-hand-file
face
to
the
left
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
or
left
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
right-hand-men
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
right
,
and
move
forwards
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
right-hand-men
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
left-hand
counter-march
losing
ground
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
is
to
turn
off
to
the
left
about
until
he
hath
brought
his
Aspect
unto
the
right
Flank
;
and
so
consequently
all
the
rest
,
moving
still
forwards
until
they
have
gained
upon
the
outside
of
the
right
Flank
so
much
ground
as
they
have
lost
,
or
that
they
have
placed
themselves
before
their
right-hand-men
,
by
following
their
left-hand-men
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
Right-hand-file
,
face
to
the
left
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
following
your
left-hand-men
,
and
placing
your selves
behind
your
Right-hand-file
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
File
upon
the
left
,
face
to
the
right
,
and
march
through
the
Intervals
towards
the
right
Flank
;
and
when
he
is
moved
away
,
the
rest
upon
the
left
are
successively
to
do
the
same
,
until
they
have
in
lieu
of
that
ground
they
formerly
stood
,
gained
so
much
upon
the
out-file
of
the
right
Flank
;
then
facing
about
toward
the
left
Flank
,
after
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
left-hand
Counter-march
,
maintaining
ground
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
left
,
and
the
left-hand-file
that
was
turn
off
to
the
left
on
the
same
ground
he
stands
,
the
rest
moving
up
successively
doing
the
same
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
left-hand-File
stand
,
the
rest
face
to
the
left
,
pass
through
,
and
place
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
left-hand-men
.
Direction
.
The
left-hand-File
face
to
the
left
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
left
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
left-hand-men
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
left-hand-File
face
to
the
right
,
the
rest
face
to
the
left
,
pass
through
to
the
left
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
left-hand-men
.
Command
.
The
left-hand-File
face
to
the
left
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
left
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
left-hand-men
,
following
your
right-hand-men
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
left
,
and
the
outmost
Files
upon
the
right
move
forward
upon
the
left
,
the
rest
successively
doing
the
same
,
until
you
have
all
placed
your selves
before
your
left-hand-men
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
left-hand-file
face
to
the
right
,
the
rest
face
to
the
left
,
pass
through
to
the
left
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
left-hand-men
,
following
your
right-hand-men
.
Direction
.
The
right-hand-File
that
was
,
is
to
begin
this
Motion
,
the
rest
are
consequently
to
follow
until
they
have
gained
as
much
ground
on
the
outside
of
the
left
Flank
as
before
they
lost
;
after
face
about
to
the
right
,
and
after
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
right-hand
counter-march
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
left-hand-man
,
by
following
his
right-hand-man
.
Direction
.
The
left-hand-file
stand
,
the
outmost
File
upon
the
right
,
is
to
turn
about
to
the
right
,
until
he
hath
brought
his
aspect
to
the
left
Flank
;
then
moving
forward
until
he
be
clear
of
the
second
File
,
after
the
rest
are
to
do
the
like
,
forsaking
the
ground
they
stood
upon
,
and
in
lieu
thereof
to
gain
so
much
upon
the
outside
of
the
left
Flank
,
placing
themselves
on
the
outside
of
their
left-hand-men
,
their
aspects
being
to
the
Front
.
Or
you
may
command
the
outmost
File
upon
the
right
to
face
to
the
left
,
and
so
begin
to
lead
until
he
be
clear
of
the
second
File
,
the
rest
doing
the
same
until
they
have
all
placed
themselves
on
the
outside
of
their
left-hand-men
,
their
aspects
being
to
the
Front
;
which
I
conceive
to
be
the
easier
way
.
Command
.
Counter-march
your
Flanks
into
the
Midst
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
right
and
left
outward
;
right
Flank
turn
off
to
the
right
,
left
Flank
turn
off
to
the
left
,
until
they
meet
in
the
midst
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Right
and
left
half-ranks
Counter-march
to
the
right
or
left
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
right
:
the
right
Half-ranks
are
to
turn
off
to
the
right
by
themselves
,
and
the
left
Half-ranks
in
like
manner
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
outmost
File
upon
the
right
,
and
the
right-hand-file
of
the
left
Half-rank
stand
,
the
rest
face
to
the
right
,
pass
through
,
and
place
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
right-hand-men
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
outmost
File
upon
the
right
,
and
the
right-hand-file
of
the
left
Half-rank
face
to
the
right
and
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
right-hand-men
;
face
all
to
the
right
,
and
the
motion
being
ended
,
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
outmost
File
upon
the
right
,
and
the
right-hand-file
of
the
left
Half-rank
,
face
to
the
left
and
stand
,
the
rest
face
to
the
right
;
pass
through
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
right-hand-men
;
to
your
Leader
.
Direction
.
For
these
three
last
Counter-marches
is
for
the
moving
part
to
begin
to
Counter-march
,
who
are
the
next
Files
of
the
standing
part
,
and
so
to
follow
successively
until
they
have
performed
the
command
,
and
after
to
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
The
right-hand-file
of
the
left
half-rank
,
and
the
outmost
File
upon
the
right
,
stand
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
on
the
out
side
of
your
right-hand-men
,
following
your
outmost
Files
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
Files
are
to
face
to
the
right
,
and
to
lead
away
until
they
be
clear
of
the
next
,
who
likewise
are
to
follow
successively
.
Command
.
The
outmost
File
upon
the
right
,
and
the
right-hand-file
of
the
left
Half-rank
face
to
the
right
and
stand
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
right-hand-men
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
right
;
and
the
outmost
Files
that
were
,
are
to
begin
the
motion
,
placing
themselves
before
their
right-hand-men
,
the
rest
following
successively
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
outmost
File
upon
the
right
,
and
the
right-hand-file
of
the
left
Half-rank
face
to
the
left
and
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
right-hand-men
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
Files
are
to
turn
about
until
they
have
brought
their
aspects
unto
the
right
Flank
,
then
move
away
until
they
be
clear
of
the
second
File
,
and
in
like
manner
they
are
to
turn
off
,
doing
the
same
until
they
have
placed
themselves
behind
their
right-hand-men
;
then
facing
to
the
left
about
,
and
after
to
their
Leader
,
to
even
their
Ranks
and
straighten
their
Files
.
Command
.
Counter-march
your
right
and
left
Half-Ranks
from
the
midst
.
Direction
.
Face
inward
,
right
Half-ranks
turn
off
to
the
right
,
left
Half-ranks
turn
off
to
the
left
;
to
your
Leader
.
CHAP.
LIV.
Divisional
Counter-marches
of
the
right
and
left
Half-ranks
.
Command
.
THe
outmost
File
upon
each
Flank
stand
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
place
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
right
and
left-hand-men
.
Direction
.
The
rest
face
outward
,
and
begin
the
motion
by
the
next
Files
,
the
others
following
in
order
,
&
after
to
close
their
Files
into
the
Midst
to
open
Order
.
Command
.
The
outmost
File
upon
each
Flank
face
outward
and
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
outside
men
.
Direction
.
The
rest
are
to
face
outward
,
and
the
next
Files
unto
them
that
first
faced
are
to
begin
the
motion
,
placing
themselves
before
their
outside
men
;
after
face
to
their
Leader
,
and
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
.
Command
.
The
outmost
File
upon
each
Flank
face
inward
,
the
rest
pass
through
and
place
your selves
behind
your
outside
men
.
Direction
.
The
rest
are
to
face
outward
,
and
to
pass
through
to
the
right
and
left
,
placing
themselves
behind
their
right
and
left-hand-men
,
and
after
to
move
forward
,
and
close
their
Divisions
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
The
outmost
File
upon
each
Flank
stand
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
place
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
right
and
left-hand-men
,
following
your
inmost
Files
.
Direction
.
The
inmost
Files
are
to
begin
the
motion
,
moving
away
to
the
right
and
left
,
until
they
be
clear
of
their
second
Files
,
and
then
they
are
to
move
away
successively
until
they
have
all
placed
themselves
on
the
outside
of
their
right
and
left-hand-men
,
and
then
close
files
into
the
midst
to
open
Order
.
Command
.
The
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
face
outward
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
and
left
,
placing
your selves
before
your
right
and
left-hand-men
,
following
your
inmost
Files
.
Direction
.
The
rest
are
likewise
to
face
outward
,
and
the
inmost
Files
are
to
begin
the
motion
,
the
rest
following
in
order
until
they
have
placed
themselves
before
their
outside
men
;
after
face
to
the
Front
,
and
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
open
Order
.
Command
.
The
outmost
File
upon
each
Flank
face
inward
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
outside-men
,
following
the
inmost
Files
.
Direction
.
The
rest
are
to
face
outward
;
the
inmost
Files
begin
to
move
forward
to
the
right
and
left
,
the
rest
consequently
do
the
same
,
until
they
all
stand
behind
their
outside-men
;
then
facing
to
the
right
and
left
about
,
closing
their
Divisions
by
moving
forwards
;
after
face
to
the
Front
.
Command
.
Counter-march
your
right
and
left
Half-ranks
from
the
midst
,
losing
ground
,
and
placing
your selves
before
your
outside-men
.
Direction
.
Face
inward
,
Right-half-ranks
,
turn
off
to
the
right
;
and
Left-half-ranks
,
turn
off
to
the
left
,
and
move
forwards
until
you
have
placed
your selves
before
your
outside-men
;
after
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
open
order
.
Command
Right
and
Left-half-ranks
interchange
ground
.
Direction
.
Face
inward
,
and
pass
through
to
your
own
right-hand
,
until
you
be
cleer
six
foot
each
of
other
;
after
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
open
order
.
Command
.
Right
and
left
half-ranks
,
Counter-march
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
interchange
ground
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
,
Right-half-ranks
,
turn
off
to
the
right
;
Left-half-ranks
,
turn
off
to
the
left
,
and
march
clear
each
of
the
other
;
after
face
to
the
Front
,
and
close
Files
inward
to
open
order
.
Thus
much
may
suffice
to
be
spoken
of
all
the
several
sorts
and
kinds
of
Counter-marches
;
which
if
any
shall
conceive
my
pains
fruitless
in
culling
out
such
plenty
and
variety
,
there
being
so
few
of
them
practised
among
able
and
knowing
Souldiers
;
my
best
apology
will
be
,
The
high
and
venerable
esteem
I
had
of
Antiquity
necessitated
me
thereunto
;
as
also
to
give
full
satisfaction
to
the
Leaders
of
our
private
Meetings
,
who
of
late
have
laboured
to
inure
their
Souldiers
in
the
full
practice
thereof
,
made
me
the
willinger
rather
to
undergo
the
censure
of
some
,
then
to
incur
the
displeasure
of
many
.
Yet
by
the
way
,
give
me
leave
fully
to
declare
my self
concerning
the
use
of
them
:
for
my
opinion
is
,
that
of
all
the
Motions
tending
to
Martial
Discipline
,
these
may
the
best
be
spared
,
as
being
of
little
use
,
and
not
so
much
as
practised
abroad
upon
service
;
and
therefore
the
fewer
of
them
any
Leader
shall
use
in
his
Exercise
,
in
my
judgement
he
doth
the
better
,
not
spending
time
in
needless
speeches
,
telling
of
his
Souldiers
that
this
is
the
Macedonian
,
this
is
the
Lacedemonian
,
or
Chorean
Counter-march
.
Not
to
lie
under
the
censure
my self
of
mispending
time
,
I
come
therefore
briefly
in
the
next
place
to
treat
of
Wheelings
,
being
a
subject
more
profitable
for
the
intelligible
Souldier
.
CHAP.
LV.
Of
Wheelings
,
with
their
several
uses
.
HAving
proceeded
thus
far
in
shewing
all
the
several
sorts
and
kinds
of
Military
Motions
,
it
will
now
in
the
next
place
be
expected
that
I
speak
somewhat
of
Wheelings
,
and
as
formerly
,
so
now
,
to
set
before
the
Souldier
their
several
kinds
and
uses
.
Wherefore
take
notice
of
two
sorts
,
Wheelings
Angular
,
and
VVheelings
on
the
Center
,
(
which
latter
is
commonly
called
the
Prince
of
Orange
his
VVheeling
)
being
acted
or
performed
by
the
Souldier
two
several
ways
;
that
is
to
say
,
Intire
or
Divisional
.
Intire
VVheelings
to
the
Angles
,
are
when
the
Souldiers
turn
their
Aspects
from
the
Front
proper
to
either
of
the
Flanks
or
Reer
,
whereby
they
may
gain
the
VVind
or
Sun
,
or
some
like
advantage
,
bringing
their
best
Souldiers
thither
for
to
encounter
an
Enemy
.
For
the
better
performance
of
this
Motion
,
it
will
be
convenient
to
close
Ranks
and
Files
into
the
midst
to
order
,
and
to
keep
their
due
distance
both
in
Rank
and
File
,
observing
in
their
Ranks
their
right
and
left-hand-men
,
&
following
their
Leaders
,
always
conforming
themselves
in
their
Motion
to
the
most
commendable
Posture
,
which
is
Pikes
advanced
,
&
Muskets
poysed
.
Wheeling
the
Battail
on
the
Center
,
is
when
they
are
so
straightened
with
ground
,
that
they
have
not
room
to
wheel
to
the
right
or
left
,
as
in
the
former
,
which
gaineth
as
much
more
ground
before
the
Front
,
as
formerly
they
stood
on
.
This
Wheeling
brings
their
best
Souldiers
to
either
of
the
Flanks
or
Reer
.
I
could
wish
that
this
Wheeling
were
more
often
practised
amongst
us
,
for
by
it
the
Souldiers
are
better
kept
together
in
their
Motion
,
being
not
so
apt
to
flie
out
,
as
in
the
former
.
Divisional
Wheelings
(
provided
they
have
sufficient
number
of
men
)
are
of
singular
good
use
to
encounter
several
Enemies
at
one
and
the
same
time
,
which
the
Front
of
our
Battalia
bringing
our
best
Souldiers
for
to
skirmish
with
them
.
It
is
likewise
useful
to
bring
either
Arms
into
Front
,
Reer
,
or
both
the
Flanks
:
for
suppose
the
Muskettiers
to
be
upon
the
Flanks
,
and
fearing
a
desperate
charge
of
the
Horse
to
fall
upon
them
by
a
Division
of
Wheeling
,
the
Pikes
are
thither
brought
to
receive
their
on-set
;
and
in
the
mean
space
,
the
Muskettiers
have
time
to
recruit
their
Bandiliers
again
.
Much
more
might
be
spoken
,
but
my
intent
is
not
to
fill
my
Book
with
impertinent
discourses
,
knowing
what
is
already
spoken
is
sufficient
for
the
intelligible
Souldier
.
CHAP.
LVI
.
Intire
Wheelings
.
Command
.
WHeel
your
Battail
to
the
-
Right
.
-
Left
.
-
Right
-
Left
about
.
Direction
.
The
right
or
the
left-hand-men
in
the
Front
are
the
hinges
of
these
Motions
;
the
rest
have
a
greater
compass
to
march
then
they
,
to
bring
their
Aspects
unto
the
place
commanded
,
following
their
Leaders
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
Battail
on
the
same
ground
to
the
-
Right
.
-
Left
.
-
Right
-
Left
about
.
Direction
.
The
Left-half-ranks
moveth
forwards
wheeling
to
the
right
;
and
the
right
Half-ranks
contrariwise
faceth
to
the
left
side-wise
falling
backward
,
moving
still
unto
the
place
commanded
.
CHAP.
LVII
.
Divisional
Wheelings
.
Command
.
WHeel
the
Battail
off
by
Division
from
the
Front
.
Direction
.
Turn
off
to
the
right
and
left
.
Command
.
Wheel
the
Battail
off
by
Division
from
the
Reer
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
Reer
,
and
turn
off
to
the
right
and
left
.
Command
.
Wheel
the
Battail
inward
to
the
Reer
.
Direction
.
Open
from
the
midst
to
convenient
distance
,
and
turn
off
to
the
right
and
left
.
Command
.
Wheel
the
Battail
inward
to
the
Front
from
the
Reer
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
Reer
,
open
from
the
midst
,
and
wheel
inward
to
the
Front
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
the
Body
by
Division
from
the
right
Flank
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
the
Body
by
Division
from
the
left
Flank
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
left
.
Command
.
VVheel
the
Body
inward
to
the
left
Flank
from
the
right
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
right
,
and
open
outward
to
convenient
distance
to
wheel
inward
to
the
left
Flank
.
Command
.
Wheel
the
body
inward
to
the
right
Flank
from
the
left
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
left
,
and
open
outward
to
convenient
distance
to
wheel
inward
to
the
right
Flank
.
Command
.
VVheel
off
your
Front
and
Reer-half-files
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
&
Front
&
Reer-half-files
,
turn
off
by
Division
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
Front
and
Reer-half-files
inward
to
the
midst
of
Ranks
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
and
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
open
outward
to
convenient
distance
to
wheel
inward
to
the
midst
of
Ranks
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Front
and
Reer-half-files
by
Division
from
the
midst
of
Ranks
.
Direction
.
Front-half-files
,
face
about
;
and
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
by
Division
.
Command
.
Wheel
Front
and
Reer-half-files
inward
,
both
to
the
Front
and
Reer
from
the
midst
of
Ranks
.
Direction
.
Front-half-files
,
face
about
;
and
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
open
from
the
midst
to
convenient
distance
,
and
wheel
inward
into
Front
and
Reer
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
right
and
left
Half-ranks
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
,
and
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
by
Division
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
right
and
left
Half-ranks
inward
to
the
midst
of
Files
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
,
and
open
to
the
right
and
left
to
convenient
distance
to
wheel
inward
to
the
midst
of
Files
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
right
and
left
Half-ranks
by
Division
from
the
midst
of
Files
.
Direction
.
Face
inward
,
and
cause
them
to
move
backward
to
convenient
distance
,
to
wheel
off
by
Division
from
the
midst
of
Files
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
right
and
left
Half-ranks
inward
to
both
Flanks
from
the
midst
of
Files
.
Direction
.
Face
inward
,
and
open
to
the
right
and
left
to
convenient
distance
to
wheel
inward
to
both
Flanks
.
Command
.
Wheel
the
outward
Angles
to
the
right
and
left
about
,
to
the
Center
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
outward
Angles
,
and
close
Ranks
and
Files
to
close
order
;
and
the
Angles
on
the
right
,
turn
off
to
the
right
;
the
Angles
on
the
left
,
turn
off
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Wheel
the
inward
Angles
to
the
right
and
left
about
inward
from
the
Center
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
inward
Angles
,
or
to
the
Center
,
and
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
left
inward
from
the
Center
.
These
are
all
the
intire
and
divisional
Wheelings
that
have
hitherto
been
practised
by
any
,
according
to
my
best
observation
:
there
are
other
Wheelings
which
may
properly
be
term'd
Doublings
,
which
I
have
placed
amongst
the
Doublings
,
where
they
more
properly
belong
.
Now
if
any
shall
demand
of
me
a
reason
why
I
have
omitted
the
Reducements
to
each
particular
Command
;
my
answer
thereunto
is
easie
:
for
as
in
the
Counter-marches
,
so
in
these
,
they
may
be
reduced
by
three
or
four
words
of
Command
,
except
a
Commander
shall
of
set
purpose
keep
them
off
from
the
same
,
to
make
some
experiment
.
After
any
wheeling
is
performed
,
face
them
after
to
the
first
Front
,
and
command
them
to
even
their
Ranks
,
and
straighten
their
Files
,
they
will
be
as
at
first
;
and
unto
what
hand
soever
they
wheeled
,
command
them
to
wheel
to
the
contrary
hand
,
and
they
will
be
reduced
unto
the
first
Front
;
or
what
part
is
wheeled
off
by
Division
,
wheel
them
inward
again
from
that
place
,
and
it
will
easily
reduce
them
.
Thus
you
see
that
it
is
almost
impossible
for
a
Leader
to
be
out
,
unless
he
be
extreamly
ignorant
;
therefore
he
need
not
fear
to
venter
far
in
the
progress
of
them
,
before
he
shall
reduce
them
,
provided
he
use
no
Doublings
:
which
if
he
shall
,
great
care
must
be
had
that
he
be
not
put
to
a
stand
;
for
the
prevention
whereof
,
let
him
look
back
unto
those
doublings
by
wheelings
,
wherein
one
doth
reduce
another
,
where
he
may
finde
some
remedy
to
help
himself
forth
again
.
CHAP.
LVIII
.
Of
Firings
,
either
for
delight
or
service
.
THe
chiefest
thing
required
of
the
Muskettiers
next
their
Postures
,
by
which
they
are
taught
how
to
handle
their
Arms
with
delight
both
marching
or
skirmishing
,
is
Firing
;
which
to
speak
the
truth
,
is
the
full
accomplishment
of
all
the
rest
;
for
unless
they
be
really
performed
,
the
rest
are
of
no
great
advantage
.
For
to
what
end
is
it
for
any
man
to
Prime
,
Lade
or
Cock
,
if
he
Present
not
answerably
?
therefore
Firings
are
the
execution
of
all
the
former
;
in
so
much
as
my
advice
shall
be
to
all
Commanders
,
that
they
be
careful
and
diligent
to
have
all
their
Muskettiers
often
practised
with
false
Firing
;
whch
is
,
Firing
in
the
Pan
only
,
and
falling
off
,
as
hereafter
followeth
,
to
the
end
that
in
time
of
need
they
may
not
spend
their
Powder
and
Bullets
in
vain
.
And
that
they
may
likewise
know
where
to
fall
off
,
that
others
may
do
the
like
,
and
where
to
place
themselves
securest
from
danger
;
yet
so
as
they
may
be
still
aiding
the
one
unto
the
other
:
I
shall
therefore
for
the
good
of
my
Country
,
and
for
the
benefit
of
all
such
as
are
herein
concerned
,
collect
forth
some
Firings
,
which
shall
be
every
one
differing
from
the
other
in
one
kind
or
other
,
either
in
the
execution
or
reducing
,
whereby
the
ingenious
Souldier
may
cull
forth
such
as
he
best
likes
to
make
use
of
,
what
he
shall
think
to
be
most
fit
and
pertinent
to
his
intended
purpose
,
be
it
either
for
delight
or
service
;
briefly
therefore
thus
.
Firings
really
considered
,
can
be
performed
but
five
ways
,
that
is
to
say
,
to
the
Front
,
Reer
,
right
or
left
Flank
,
Oblique
or
Angular
;
but
there
is
so
much
variety
to
be
expressed
in
the
performance
of
each
of
these
,
that
it
makes
them
seem
so
many
several
Firings
,
as
by
the
following
discourse
shall
be
fully
demonstrated
.
CHAP.
LIX
.
Several
Firings
to
be
performed
with
any
number
of
men
.
THe
Front
being
the
head
of
the
Body
,
and
therefore
the
more
honourable
part
,
challengeth
the
superiority
,
or
first
place
;
and
therefore
,
without
any
further
circumstance
,
I
come
directly
to
the
Firings
as
they
lie
in
order
,
as
followeth
.
Draw
all
the
Muskettiers
before
the
Pikes
,
before
you
begin
your
Firings
.
Firings
to
the
Front
.
1
Two
Ranks
advancing
ten
paces
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
2
By
single
Ranks
,
advancing
three
paces
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
3
Fire
and
flank
the
Pikes
.
4
Fire
by
Files
,
advancing
10
or
20
paces
,
first
single
,
secondly
ranking
inward
,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
or
more
,
falling
down
into
their
places
again
.
5
Fire
by
Ranks
filing
,
and
advancing
10
or
20
paces
,
and
moving
down
,
and
ranking
in
the
Reer
of
their
own
Divisions
.
6
Fire
by
Divisions
drawn
off
10
,
or
20
,
or
30
paces
,
and
returning
again
.
7
Fire
even
with
the
Front
,
and
falling
in
the
Reer
of
their
own
Divisions
.
8
Fire
even
with
the
Half-files
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
9
Fire
by
way
of
Introduction
,
thus
,
the
first
Rank
fires
and
stands
,
the
last
Rank
passeth
up
between
the
Files
,
and
placing
themselves
before
the
File-leaders
or
first
Rank
,
then
stand
and
give
fire
,
the
rest
doing
the
like
till
the
File-leaders
come
up
again
into
their
places
,
and
fire
the
second
time
.
10
Fire
by
Introduction
after
this
manner
:
the
first
Rank
gives
fire
and
stands
,
the
rest
moving
forward
until
the
next
Rank
hath
placed
themselves
before
the
first
;
then
stands
and
gives
fire
,
the
rest
moving
up
and
doing
the
like
,
until
they
have
all
fired
twice
.
11
Fire
even
with
the
Front
,
falling
into
the
Reer
of
Pikes
.
12
Fire
by
Extraduction
,
the
first
Rank
passing
from
the
Reer
upon
the
outside
of
the
Pikes
upon
the
right
,
until
they
have
placed
themselves
in
a
Rank
before
the
Pikes
,
the
rest
successively
doing
the
like
,
until
they
have
fired
all
over
,
and
brought
themselves
as
at
first
.
Here
the
Muskettiers
are
upon
the
Flanks
again
.
13
Fire
by
the
outmost
Files
,
wheeling
or
ranking
outward
into
the
Front
,
falling
off
likewise
,
being
led
off
by
Bringers-up
,
leading
up
next
the
Pikes
:
this
done
twice
,
reduceth
.
14
Fire
two
Ranks
together
,
falling
off
,
or
falling
down
.
15
Fire
four
Ranks
together
;
two
kneeling
,
and
two
standing
upright
falling
off
,
or
falling
down
.
16
Fire
six
Ranks
together
,
two
kneeling
,
two
stooping
,
and
two
standing
upright
.
17
Fire
some
Ranks
drawn
forth
to
the
-
right
-
left
or
by
Division
,
and
in
again
.
Note
also
,
if
you
please
,
you
may
draw
forth
one
Rank
to
the
right
,
and
another
to
the
left
,
at
one
and
the
same
time
together
.
18
Fire
by
Files
drawn
forth
oblique
;
then
face
about
,
&
move
into
their
places
.
Note
also
that
several
Figures
may
be
made
by
these
kinds
of
Firings
;
as
the
V
,
the
W
,
or
the
Fort-battail
,
and
the
like
.
19
Fire
by
Ranks
,
ranking
into
the
Front
,
or
Files
ranking
into
the
Front
,
and
ranking
or
filing
as
they
were
.
20
Fire
by
Files
wheeling
outward
or
inward
into
the
Front
,
and
filing
again
as
they
were
.
Thus
much
briefly
of
Firings
to
the
Front
:
the
Reer
challengeth
the
next
place
,
where
suppose
all
the
Muskettiers
to
be
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
,
the
Body
marching
.
1
Fire
to
the
-
right
-
left
about
,
falling
in
the
Front
of
their
own
Divisions
.
Firings
to
the
Reer
.
2
Fire
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
rank
with
the
first
Rank
of
Pikes
into
the
Front
.
3
Fire
even
with
the
Reer
,
and
fall
off
before
the
Front
of
your
own
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
.
4
Fire
even
in
the
Reer
or
last
Rank
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
with
a
swift
motion
,
placing
your selves
10
,
20
,
or
30
paces
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
still
facing
to
the
Body
,
and
making
ready
again
,
and
opening
to
the
right
and
left
until
they
be
clear
of
the
Pikes
.
5
Fire
by
Introduction
to
the
Reer
twice
over
until
they
come
down
even
with
the
Reer
,
and
flank
the
Pikes
.
6
Fire
to
the
right
and
left
,
about
to
the
Reer
,
Ranks
drawn
forth
,
and
in
again
.
7
Fire
to
the
Reer
,
every
Rank
drawn
forth
clear
each
from
other
,
and
falling
in
again
,
and
flanking
the
Pikes
.
8
Fire
to
the
right
and
left
about
,
Files
ranking
downward
to
the
Reer
,
and
filing
as
they
were
.
9
Fire
to
the
right
and
left
about
,
Ranks
ranking
downward
to
the
Reer
,
and
ranking
as
they
were
.
10
Fire
losing
ground
,
falling
off
to
the
right
and
left
about
,
just
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
.
11
Now
if
the
Enemy
pursue
eagerly
,
and
that
you
cannot
make
a
safe
retreat
marching
,
face
all
about
,
and
fire
upon
them
by
way
of
Extraduction
,
or
by
half-ranks
divided
,
as
formerly
hath
been
shewen
.
And
thus
much
likewise
briefly
concerning
Firings
to
the
Reer
;
Firings
to
the
Flanks
marching
.
in
the
next
place
I
shall
shew
some
Firings
to
the
Flanks
:
for
performance
whereof
,
it
will
be
expedient
to
bring
all
the
Muskettiers
upon
one
of
the
Flanks
;
but
for
order
sake
,
I
will
begin
with
the
Firings
from
the
right
Flank
.
1
Fire
to
the
right
,
and
gather
up
your
Files
;
it
is
to
be
performed
after
this
manner
,
The
outmost
File
upon
the
right
is
to
face
to
the
right
,
and
to
give
fire
;
and
after
to
face
to
the
Front
and
stand
,
until
the
next
File
have
fired
in
like
manner
;
and
then
the
first
File
gathers
up
unto
him
upon
the
right
even
abrest
,
and
standing
until
the
third
File
have
faced
to
the
right
,
and
fired
in
like
manner
;
and
after
facing
to
the
Front
,
the
other
Files
moving
up
in
the
like
way
as
before
;
and
following
successively
this
rule
until
all
have
given
fire
,
and
then
to
march
up
and
even
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
the
Muskettiers
will
stand
as
at
first
,
when
they
were
brought
upon
the
right
Flank
.
2
Fire
to
the
right
,
File-leaders
leading
up
their
Files
next
to
the
Pikes
.
3
Fire
to
the
right
,
Bringers-up
leading
away
next
the
Pikes
;
which
being
twice
done
,
reduceth
them
.
4
Fire
to
the
right
,
leading
up
on
the
contrary
Flank
,
either
by
the
File-leaders
or
Bringers-up
.
5
Fire
to
the
right
,
and
leading
up
by
Bringers-up
between
the
Pikes
,
and
passing
through
to
their
places
again
,
doing
the
same
,
reduceth
them
.
6
Fire
to
the
right
,
and
leading
up
between
the
Pikes
by
the
Leaders
;
and
passing
through
the
Pikes
again
to
the
right
,
they
will
be
as
at
first
:
the
like
may
be
done
to
the
left
,
or
in
some
kind
to
both
Flanks
,
at
one
and
the
same
time
.
7
Fire
to
the
right
by
Ranks
wheeling
;
and
Ranks
to
rank
as
they
were
to
the
right
,
upon
their
marching
,
reduceth
them
.
8.
Fire
to
the
right
by
Ranks
inverting
or
filing
,
and
upon
the
March
the
Souldiers
ranking
reduceth
them
.
9.
Fire
to
the
right
Files
,
filing
and
gathering
up
their
Files
to
the
left
reduceth
them
.
These
Firings
being
performed
marching
,
the
next
shall
be
upon
a
Stand
;
where
note
,
you
must
cast
all
your
Muskettiers
upon
that
Flank
where
you
conceive
the
Enemy
will
fall
on
,
whether
right
,
left
,
or
both
;
but
for
order
sake
we
usually
begin
with
the
right
;
wherefore
face
to
the
right
,
and
proceed
as
followeth
.
Firings
to
the
right
Flank
upon
a
Stand.
1.
Fire
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
your selves
.
2.
Fire
and
flank
the
Pikes
.
3.
Fire
even
with
the
Pikes
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
4.
Fire
even
with
the
Reer
,
moving
forth
to
the
right
and
left
,
by
Ranks
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
5.
Fire
by
extraduction
by
half-ranks
drawn
forth
,
and
falling
Rank
after
Rank
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
;
after
to
reduce
them
as
at
first
,
cause
them
to
double
their
Front
by
Division
.
These
Firings
may
as
well
be
performed
to
both
Flanks
as
to
one
,
the
Body
being
faced
accordingly
,
which
would
make
many
Firings
more
;
but
these
already
set
down
may
be
sufficient
for
any
ingenious
capacity
to
work
upon
for
the
present
;
observing
this
rule
,
that
in
every
Firing
he
shall
make
use
of
in
time
of
his
Exercise
,
he
may
reduce
them
by
another
;
which
will
be
more
pleasing
to
the
Souldier
,
by
reason
of
the
great
variety
it
affords
unto
them
.
Now
now
in
the
last
place
,
I
know
it
will
be
expected
,
that
I
should
speak
something
of
the
use
of
Firings
:
wherefore
briefly
thus
:
Firings
to
the
Front
marching
or
moving
,
when
we
either
pursue
after
,
or
approach
to
an
Enemy
.
Firings
to
the
Front
,
maintaining
ground
when
two
Bodies
encounter
one
another
.
Firings
to
the
Front
,
losing
ground
,
when
either
we
are
forced
thereunto
by
necessity
,
or
that
we
do
it
out
of
policy
,
to
draw
the
Enemy
into
a
train
or
snare
.
Firings
to
the
Reer
marching
,
when
we
are
pursued
by
an
Enemy
,
yet
would
continue
our
March
until
we
have
gained
some
place
of
importance
or
advantage
.
Firings
to
the
Reer
upon
a
Stand
,
when
we
are
compelled
thereunto
by
the
violent
pursuit
of
an
Enemy
;
or
else
when
we
have
gained
a
place
of
advantage
of
ground
,
or
have
recovered
the
Wind
or
Sun
,
whereby
we
are
the
better
able
to
encounter
with
them
.
Firings
to
the
Flank
or
Flanks
marching
,
when
we
are
assaulted
by
some
Ambuscado
secretly
placed
to
hinder
our
passage
;
or
supposing
two
Armies
are
marching
to
one
and
the
same
place
,
a
River
being
betwixt
them
.
Firings
to
Flank
or
Flanks
standing
,
when
the
Enemy
chargeth
on
with
a
resolution
to
cut
off
or
divide
part
of
the
Army
from
the
other
.
Having
thus
briefly
set
down
several
Firings
to
Front
,
Reer
and
both
Flanks
,
with
their
uses
,
either
marching
or
standing
:
I
hold
it
convenient
in
the
next
place
to
give
some
short
directions
in
time
Battail
,
both
to
the
Officers
and
their
Souldiers
.
First
,
that
the
Drummers
have
a
vigilant
eye
upon
their
Commanders
,
whose
voices
are
drown'd
by
the
loud
thundring
of
the
Cannon
or
Muskettiers
;
as
also
by
the
neighing
of
Horses
,
or
the
lamentable
cries
of
the
maim'd
and
wounded
Souldiers
;
at
which
time
the
Leaders
Staff
,
Half-pike
,
or
what
else
he
carries
in
his
hand
,
may
be
sufficient
for
to
instruct
them
to
continue
their
charge
,
retreat
,
or
else
to
charge
home
.
Secondly
,
that
the
Serjeants
be
careful
in
time
of
Battail
,
that
their
Souldiers
be
at
their
due
distance
of
order
both
in
Rank
and
File
;
and
that
upon
their
Firings
,
whether
they
be
Forlorns
either
of
Files
or
Ranks
drawn
forth
,
or
otherwise
by
Divisions
,
they
see
them
neatly
and
handsomely
perform'd
by
cocking
their
Matches
,
and
presenting
something
lower
then
brest-high
,
and
after
Uncocking
and
returning
them
,
wheeling
off
either
to
the
right
,
left
,
or
both
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
or
elsewhere
as
shall
be
appointed
,
in
an
orderly
manner
,
whereby
they
may
decently
come
up
again
to
Fire
against
the
Enemy
.
Thirdly
,
that
the
Souldiers
present
and
give
fire
upon
their
Rests
,
not
using
that
slovenly
posture
of
popping
their
Matches
into
the
Pan
,
their
Muskets
being
on
their
left
sides
;
which
is
not
onely
hurtful
unto
themselves
,
but
much
endangers
their
Fellow-souldiers
;
and
by
so
doing
,
they
scarce
or
ever
do
any
execution
against
an
Enemy
.
But
here
I
meet
with
an
objection
framed
by
the
Souldiers
after
this
manner
:
Our
Rests
are
of
little
or
no
use
unto
us
in
time
of
skirmishing
;
fit
they
are
,
we
confess
,
in
the
Military
Gardens
,
but
in
time
of
Battail
both
troublesome
and
cumbersome
unto
us
.
To
whom
I
reply
,
what
if
they
be
a
little
cumbersome
at
first
,
must
they
therefore
be
rejected
and
carelesly
thrown
away
?
nay
,
rather
they
ought
frequently
to
practice
themselves
in
the
use
thereof
;
which
if
they
did
,
they
would
finde
the
same
very
serviceable
unto
them
in
the
time
of
skirmishing
;
wherewith
they
Fire
better
,
and
in
a
more
comely
and
graceful
way
,
far
more
securing
both
themselves
and
Fellow-souldiers
from
danger
;
and
likewise
upon
their
March
it
is
both
a
help
and
support
unto
them
.
Fourthly
,
their
eyes
ought
likewise
in
time
of
Battail
to
be
fixed
stedfastly
upon
their
Captain
,
always
conforming
to
him
in
Posture
when
he
shall
prepare
to
charge
or
retreat
;
and
likewise
they
ought
to
be
knowing
and
well
verst
in
the
several
Beats
of
the
Drum
;
which
if
well
observed
by
all
,
there
would
not
be
so
much
confusion
in
time
of
Battail
amongst
them
,
as
many
times
by
sad
experience
hath
been
found
,
when
disregarding
their
Officers
commands
and
the
bearing
of
the
Drum
,
they
ignorantly
and
rashly
run
on
in
a
disorderly
manner
;
by
which
means
they
have
cut
off
their
own
Officers
and
Fellow-souldiers
,
many
times
,
more
then
they
have
dangered
the
Enemy
.
Thus
you
see
what
great
necessity
there
is
of
instructing
and
training
up
the
Souldiers
in
their
Postures
;
and
how
requisite
it
is
to
conform
themselves
to
their
Officers
in
time
of
Battail
,
performing
thereby
better
execution
against
their
Enemies
;
and
by
their
decent
and
comely
array
preserve
themselves
from
eminent
dangers
and
perils
.
The
Souldiers
having
now
all
the
ground-work
of
the
exercising
a
Body
of
men
laid
down
before
them
,
in
the
next
place
he
labours
to
make
experiment
thereof
;
but
being
no
Officer
,
he
cannot
attain
thereunto
without
special
leave
from
his
Superiours
;
and
therefore
(
being
a
File-leader
)
he
craves
leave
for
to
exercise
his
single
File
both
in
their
Postures
and
Motions
,
contenting
himself
for
present
with
that
small
number
,
whereby
he
is
able
to
run
through
many
plain
things
of
Distances
,
Facings
,
Doublings
,
Counter-marchings
and
Wheelings
.
But
being
not
fully
satisfied
,
he
presumes
upon
the
former
favour
had
from
his
Superiours
,
to
go
on
to
make
every
man
in
his
File
a
File-leader
;
first
by
succession
,
and
after
(
being
not
called
away
by
the
beat
of
the
Drum
,
or
by
his
Officers
,
to
lead
up
his
File
and
to
joyn
into
a
Body
)
according
unto
Dignity
,
and
after
endeavours
to
reduce
them
again
by
proper
words
of
command
.
This
liberty
being
granted
at
convenient
times
unto
a
File-leader
,
much
indeers
the
Souldiers
good
affections
unto
their
Officers
;
and
is
a
means
whereby
many
others
are
brought
in
to
be
true
lovers
of
Military
Exercise
,
as
being
much
taken
and
well
pleased
with
the
sight
of
the
former
things
.
And
therefore
,
I
could
wish
that
they
were
not
hereafter
prevented
,
as
formerly
I
have
observed
by
the
malice
of
some
,
who
have
had
places
of
command
bestowed
upon
them
,
more
through
favour
,
or
by
reason
of
their
riches
,
then
for
any
worth
or
desert
found
in
them
:
They
perhaps
hold
it
a
great
dispargement
unto
them
to
be
eclipsed
;
but
a
judicious
and
discreet
Captain
accounts
it
a
great
honour
to
lead
such
gallant
men
that
are
as
able
and
as
well
knowing
as
himself
.
CHAP.
LX.
The
way
to
make
every
man
in
a
File
six
deep
according
to
succession
a
File-leader
,
The
file
.
by
doublings
,
not
using
one
word
of
command
twice
.
Command
.
FIles
,
rank
two
to
the
left
Bring
the
second
man
into
the
Front
.
File
,
to
the
left
double
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
intire
advancing
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
intire
advancing
.
Command
.
File
,
rank
two
to
the
right
.
Files
to
the
right
double
.
Reducement
.
File
,
rank
to
the
left
into
the
Front
.
Rank
,
file
six
to
the
left
.
CHAP.
LXI
.
The
way
to
make
every
man
in
a
File
six
deep
File-leader
according
to
dignity
,
The
Dignity
of
the
File
.
by
a
doubling
,
not
using
one
Word
of
command
twice
.
Command
.
HAlf-files
double
your
front
to
the
left
.
Files
double
to
the
right
intire
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
half-file
double
the
reer
to
the
left
.
Files
double
to
the
left
intire
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Bringer-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
right
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
bringer-up
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Files
,
double
to
the
left
intire
advancing
Files
,
rank
two
to
the
right
.
Files
,
to
the
right
double
.
Bringer-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
left
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
bringer-up
.
Reducement
.
File
,
rank
two
to
the
left
.
Files
to
the
left
double
.
CHAP.
LXII
.
The
way
to
make
every
man
in
a
File
eight
deep
File-leader
by
succession
,
The
File
.
and
that
by
doubling
,
not
using
one
Word
of
command
twice
.
Command
.
FIle
,
rank
two
to
the
left
.
Ranks
,
invert
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Half-file
double
your
front
to
the
right
.
Double
your
files
to
the
right
intire
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
two
to
the
right
.
Files
,
to
the
right
double
.
Command
.
Front
half-files
,
double
your
reer
to
the
right
.
Double
your
files
to
the
left
intire
advancing
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
two
to
the
right
into
the
reer
.
Ranks
,
invert
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Double
your
files
to
the
left
intire
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
File
,
rank
two
to
the
left
into
the
Reer
.
Face
to
your
Leader
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
advancing
.
Reducement
.
File
,
rank
to
the
right
into
the
Front
.
Rank
,
file
eight
to
the
right
.
CHAP.
LXIII
.
The
way
to
make
every
man
in
a
File
eight
deep
,
The
Dignity
of
the
File
.
a
File-leader
according
unto
dignity
,
by
a
doubling
.
Command
.
BRinger-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
intire
advancing
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
intire
advancing
.
Command
.
Bringer-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
two
to
the
right
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
intire
,
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Front-half-files
,
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
,
following
your
Leaders
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
by
Division
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
and
his
Bringer-up
.
Command
.
Front-half-files
,
double
your
Reer
to
the
left
,
following
your
Leaders
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
by
Division
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
and
his
Bringer-up
.
Command
.
The
two
first
and
the
two
last
men
double
the
four
middle-most
men
to
the
right
,
following
your
Leaders
and
your
Bringers-up
.
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
left
.
Reducement
.
Half-files
,
double
the
Front
to
the
right
.
Bringers-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Files
to
the
right
and
left
double
inward
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
intire
advancing
.
Although
I
have
here
set
down
words
of
Command
to
make
every
man
a
File-leader
,
both
by
Succession
and
Dignity
,
a
Commander
is
not
thereby
tyed
up
,
but
may
,
if
he
please
,
practise
the
same
upon
a
whole
Company
,
altering
but
a
little
some
words
of
Command
.
As
for
Example
,
we
cannot
say
in
a
File
,
Double
your
Ranks
,
there
being
none
,
until
there
be
some
other
Files
joyned
thereunto
:
and
therefore
if
we
intend
a
doubling
by
a
single
File
,
we
command
it
to
rank
two
to
the
right
or
left
,
which
in
a
Company
must
be
exprest
,
Ranks
to
the
right
or
left
double
.
Thus
you
see
with
a
little
alteration
every
man
is
brought
up
into
the
Front
,
either
by
Succession
or
Dignity
;
whether
the
Files
be
even
numbers
or
odd
,
great
bodies
or
small
.
But
here
by
the
way
,
I
must
crave
pardon
to
speak
something
in
commendation
of
these
Doublings
,
in
answer
to
them
that
account
them
but
Toys
:
to
whom
I
will
be
so
bold
as
to
tell
them
,
that
it
is
not
for
want
of
ignorance
they
so
slightly
esteem
of
them
;
for
were
they
truly
knowing
in
the
Art
of
Drilling
,
they
must
of
force
confess
abundance
of
variety
in
them
,
affording
much
delight
to
him
that
shall
command
,
and
great
content
unto
them
that
are
commanded
,
perceiving
themselves
to
be
made
File-leaders
by
the
skill
and
worth
of
their
Leaders
.
And
besides
,
there
may
be
just
cause
(
at
one
time
or
other
)
many
times
to
alter
the
Ranks
,
exchanging
the
one
for
the
other
,
bringing
thereby
their
best
deserving
Souldiers
into
the
chiefest
places
of
honour
;
and
casting
others
into
their
rooms
at
the
discretion
of
the
Commander
.
Therefore
,
I
could
wish
all
Leaders
whatsoever
to
be
well
skill'd
and
verst
in
these
Doublings
;
the
frequent
practice
whereof
will
make
them
more
apt
in
the
Exercise
of
more
difficult
things
in
the
Art
Military
.
To
which
ingenious
study
,
I
leave
them
;
and
in
the
next
place
proceed
to
shew
them
several
Figures
of
Battail
to
be
performed
by
single
Files
,
consisting
of
several
Depths
of
men
.
CHAP.
LXIV
.
Concerning
Figures
of
Battail
to
be
performed
by
singles
Files
,
with
some
admonitions
to
those
that
shall
practice
themselves
therein
.
THe
great
plenty
and
variety
of
matter
that
may
be
performed
in
the
exercising
of
a
single
File
,
makes
me
wonder
at
the
ignorance
of
those
who
are
famed
abroad
for
able
knowing
Souldiers
;
who
after
they
have
passed
over
the
Postures
are
at
a
stand
,
as
if
there
were
nothing
else
to
be
done
with
the
same
.
But
did
they
truely
understand
what
dishonour
and
disparagement
it
is
unto
them
,
they
would
not
be
so
idle
and
backward
,
but
set
times
a
part
,
often
inuring
themselves
to
the
practice
thereof
,
going
through
all
the
Motions
,
Distances
,
Facings
,
Doublings
,
Counter-marches
and
Wheelings
;
and
may
farther
,
if
he
please
,
with
his
single
File
draw
forth
divers
Figures
of
Battail
,
declaring
unto
his
Souldiers
their
several
reasons
and
uses
.
The
exercising
his
Company
after
this
manner
,
affords
unto
them
both
content
and
delight
;
and
it
is
likewise
very
useful
in
greater
Bodies
,
when
time
of
need
shall
require
,
as
shall
appear
in
the
sequel
of
this
Book
.
But
here
,
me
thinks
,
I
hear
some
say
,
Of
what
use
are
your
Figures
?
seeing
for
the
most
part
in
pitcht
Battails
,
or
skirmishes
in
the
field
,
they
commonly
fire
one
against
another
in
Square
,
or
by
Forlorns
drawn
forth
from
the
Body
,
and
being
relieved
,
return
into
their
places
again
.
To
whom
,
I
answer
,
that
in
one
respect
it
is
true
,
there
being
scarce
any
pitcht
Battail
in
the
field
fought
in
these
latter
times
,
but
it
hath
been
with
even
Fronts
,
who
are
first
engaged
;
whether
it
be
by
Divisions
drawn
off
by
way
of
Forlorns
,
Wings
or
Battail
,
they
fight
with
even
Fronts
or
Squadrons
,
as
having
every
five
or
six
Files
divided
a
part
from
each
other
,
having
six
foot
ground
interval
betwixt
the
abovesaid
number
of
Files
for
the
conveniency
of
the
Ranks
,
wheeling
off
after
they
have
fired
.
As
concerning
such
Figures
as
are
framed
like
the
Wedge
,
Saw
,
Sheers
,
or
Diamond
;
I
must
confess
there
is
little
or
no
use
at
all
,
except
it
be
for
delight
,
or
for
the
practice
and
experience
of
some
young
Souldier
,
whereby
he
may
plainly
see
the
custom
of
the
Ancients
in
setting
forth
such
ancient
Figures
.
But
to
let
this
pass
,
and
to
come
to
the
place
where
we
left
;
I
shall
shew
unto
the
Souldier
how
needful
it
is
for
him
to
be
well
skilled
in
the
framing
of
Figures
of
Battail
,
and
likewise
to
be
throughly
acquainted
with
their
several
uses
.
Wherefore
take
this
for
a
general
rule
,
that
there
was
never
any
pitcht
Battail
,
but
there
were
Reserves
appointed
out
unto
all
the
parts
thereof
,
whereby
they
might
bring
off
,
and
at
time
of
need
relieve
each
other
;
and
if
so
,
certainly
they
must
of
necessity
carry
along
with
them
several
forms
and
Figures
of
Battail
,
according
to
the
discretion
of
the
Major-general
,
or
the
Commanders
in
chief
whom
it
shall
concern
.
It
will
therefore
be
expedient
(
since
there
is
a
necessity
of
Figures
of
Battail
,
and
for
the
setting
apart
of
Divisions
for
the
relieving
of
each
other
)
for
every
Commander
that
will
be
truely
knowing
,
to
have
always
some
imprinted
in
his
memory
;
that
in
time
of
need
,
he
may
not
be
to
seek
,
or
wanting
in
them
.
To
which
purpose
I
have
collected
some
few
,
putting
them
to
their
view
,
being
formerly
practised
by
me
,
for
the
satisfaction
of
those
loving
Gentlemen
which
have
private
Meetings
in
London
;
but
more
especially
for
those
of
the
Town-ditch
,
unto
whom
I
am
especially
bound
.
And
therefore
without
more
delay
,
I
shall
lay
before
them
certain
Figures
of
Battail
upon
all
the
Depths
of
Files
set
forth
in
the
former
Table
,
leaving
them
to
their
own
discretion
,
to
make
use
of
what
shall
best
comply
,
and
suit
to
their
intended
purpose
.
CHAP.
LXV
.
Military
experiments
upon
a
File
six
deep
,
branching
forth
eight
several
Figures
of
Battail
,
with
their
reducement
.
Command
.
FIle
,
rank
two
to
the
left
.
Command
.
The
middlemost
Rank
open
to
the
right
and
left
to
open
order
.
Command
.
The
last
Rank
advance
forward
into
the
next
Rank
that
is
before
you
,
and
to
open
from
the
midst
to
open
order
;
and
the
first
Rank
move
forward
one
pac
e.
Command
.
The
first
Rank
open
outward
two
foot
beyond
open
order
;
the
last
Rank
close
forward
to
Order
.
Command
.
Division
upon
the
left
face
about
;
march
all
till
you
be
clear
each
of
other
,
face
all
to
the
left
,
and
march
two
paces
;
face
to
your
Leader
:
the
last
Rank
open
outward
to
double
distance
.
Command
.
The
first
Rank
open
outward
to
double
distance
;
the
first
man
in
the
Front
face
about
,
move
down
,
and
double
the
middlemost
man
to
the
right
Rank-wise
.
Command
.
The
left-hand-man
of
the
middlemost
Rank
face
about
,
the
middlemost
Rank
march
two
paces
before
the
Front
and
Reer
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Ranks
and
Files
to
Order
.
Command
.
The
second
Rank
from
the
Front
double
the
first
to
the
right
and
left
outward
by
Division
;
the
last
man
in
the
Reer
close
forward
to
Order
.
Command
.
The
out
most
men
of
the
middle
Rank
face
about
,
and
move
down
even
with
the
Reer
;
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
The
middlemost
man
in
the
Reer
advance
forwards
to
the
left
into
the
Front
.
Files
,
close
inward
to
your
Order
.
Files
,
to
the
right
double
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Files
,
double
your
Depth
to
the
right
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
.
Files
,
rank
two
to
the
right
.
Ranks
,
rank
entire
to
the
left
into
the
Reer
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
left-hand-man
.
Direction
.
Face
about
;
and
after
being
faced
to
their
Leader
,
they
will
stand
after
this
manner
,
6
,
5
,
4
,
3
,
2
,
1.
Rank
file
to
the
right
,
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
LXVI
.
Words
of
Command
to
produce
the
first
Eight
Figures
of
Battail
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
HAlfe-file
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
The
last
Rank
face
about
,
the
two
middle
Ranks
face
outward
;
march
all
some
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
first
Rank
move
forwards
two
paces
;
the
third
Rank
close
inwards
to
open
Order
.
Command
.
the
third
Rank
from
the
Front
face
outward
,
march
all
three
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
The
first
Rank
stand
,
the
rest
face
outward
,
and
move
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
first
Rank
face
about
,
march
all
until
you
be
clear
one
of
another
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
last
Rank
move
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
place
your selves
three
foot
behind
the
Front-Divisions
.
Command
.
Division
on
the
right
face
about
,
march
all
until
you
be
clear
one
of
another
;
then
face
to
the
right
,
and
march
until
you
stand
even
abrest
of
each
other
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Reer-Division
face
about
;
the
last
man
in
each
Division
move
forwards
into
the
midst
of
the
Rank
that
is
before
you
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
a●●
close
your
Divisions
to
Order
.
Command
.
The
last
man
in
the
〈◊〉
move
forwards
to
the
right
in
the
Rank
of
him
that
stands
before
you
,
the
last
Rank
open
outwards
to
Order
;
to
your
Leader
.
Redueement
.
Face
all
about
;
the
last
man
in
the
Reer
move
forwards
on
the
left
into
the
Rank
that
is
before
you
;
even
your
Ranks
,
and
straighten
your
Files
;
to
your
Leader
.
Files
,
double
inward
by
Division
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
left
entire
into
the
Front
and
Reer
.
Direction
.
Halt-files
face
about
;
after
face
to
your
Leader
;
and
the
last
Rank
close
forward
to
Order
,
and
even
your
Ranks
,
and
straighten
your
Files
.
Wheel
Front
and
Reer
to
the
left
Flank
.
Direction
.
The
last
Rank
face
about
;
then
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
Counter-march
the
File
,
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
LXVII
.
Words
of
Command
for
the
second
Eight
Figures
of
Battail
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
FIle
,
rank
to
the
left
,
one
,
three
,
and
four
;
the
last
Rank
face
outwards
,
and
move
three
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
two
inmost
men
of
the
last
Rank
close
inward
to
close
Order
,
the
two
outmost
men
of
the
last
Rank
fall
back
two
paces
.
Command
.
The
middlemost
man
in
the
first
Rank
face
about
,
march
all
till
you
are
clear
one
of
another
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
close
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
the
last
man
move
forward
to
Order
.
Command
.
The
middlemost
Rank
open
to
the
right
and
left
to
double
distance
.
Command
.
The
outmost
men
upon
the
Flanks
face
inward
,
the
last
man
in
the
Reer
face
about
,
the
first
and
the
last
Rank
face
to
the
four
Angles
,
move
all
three
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
first
man
in
the
Front
,
and
the
last
man
in
the
Reer
stand
,
the
rest
face
outward
,
and
march
three
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
last
men
of
the
outmost
Files
move
forwards
to
the
right
and
left
,
until
you
range
even
abrest
with
the
middle-men
.
Reducement
.
The
last
man
in
the
Reer
move
forward
,
and
range
even
abrest
with
the
first
Rank
.
Ranks
,
file
to
the
right
,
following
your
Leader
;
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
LXVIII
.
Words
of
Command
for
the
third
Eight
Figures
of
Battail
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
BRingers-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
The
first
and
the
last
Rank
stand
;
the
third
Rank
double
outward
Rank-wise
,
the
Middle-rank
face
outward
,
march
all
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
middle
Rank
stand
,
the
rest
double
to
the
right
File-wise
;
face
all
to
the
Center
,
and
march
some
two
paces
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
Middle-rank
double
inward
File-wise
,
and
move
a
little
forward
.
Command
.
Half-file
of
the
middle
file
double
your
Front
to
the
left
;
Front-division
face
to
the
right
,
and
move
one
pace
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
left-hand-File
in
the
Front
,
face
about
,
and
march
clear
of
the
Reer
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
The
middle
File
double
to
the
left
Rank-wise
;
Files
close
into
the
midst
to
Order
;
Files
rank
outward
into
the
Reer
,
and
then
begin
from
the
right
to
wheel
them
about
to
the
left
in
a
Ring
.
Command
.
Files
close
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
the
first
Rank
close
inward
to
colse
Order
;
the
third
Rank
open
outward
to
open
Order
:
the
last
man
in
the
Reer
move
even
abrest
with
the
Rank
that
is
before
you
.
Command
.
Files
,
open
to
the
right
and
left
until
you
stand
straight
with
your
Bringers-up
,
the
rest
moving
forwards
until
they
have
ranged
even
abrest
with
the
first
man
.
Command
.
Angle-men
,
face
to
the
four
Angles
;
the
middle-men
in
the
outmost
Files
face
inward
;
the
middle-man
in
the
Front
face
about
:
march
ail
three
paces
;
Face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
The
last
man
in
the
Reer
of
the
middle
File
face
about
;
middle
File
march
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
Files
close
into
the
midst
to
Order
:
the
last
man
in
the
Reer
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
right-hand-File
,
the
first
man
in
the
Front
move
to
the
left
,
and
fall
in
the
Front
of
the
left-hand-file
;
close
your
Ranks
and
Files
forward
to
Order
,
and
make
an
even
Front
;
Files
double
your
depth
to
the
left
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
bringer-up
,
reduceth
them
.
CHAP.
LXIX
.
The
way
to
make
twelve
several
Figures
of
Battail
,
with
a
File
ten
deep
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
FAce
to
the
right
,
and
wheel
your
Front
into
the
midst
;
Face
after
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
last
men
in
the
Reer
of
the
outmost
Files
face
about
;
outmost
Files
move
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
face
inwards
,
and
close
your
Divisions
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
last
man
of
the
middle
File
,
and
the
last
Rank
,
face
about
;
the
first
Rank
,
and
the
last
Rank
,
and
the
middle
File
,
move
forwards
two
paces
;
the
rest
open
outward
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
last
man
in
the
Front-division
advance
forward
three
foot
before
the
Front
;
the
first
man
of
the
Reer-division
,
face
about
,
and
move
three
foot
behind
the
Reer
;
the
outmost
Files
double
ranks
inward
;
Ranks
,
close
forwards
to
Order
,
and
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
first
man
in
the
Front
,
face
about
;
the
last
man
in
the
Reer
,
stand
;
the
rest
face
outwards
,
march
all
until
the
first
and
the
last
man
meet
,
face
all
to
your
Leader
;
middle-men
,
double
to
the
Right
rank-wise
,
and
close
outward
to
Order
.
The
two
middle-men
in
the
Body
face
about
,
and
move
cleer
of
the
Reer
three
foot
;
face
to
your
Leader
;
middle-men
of
the
outmost
Files
close
inward
to
order
.
Command
.
Middle-man
upon
the
right
of
the
second
Rank
,
advance
forward
three
foot
before
the
Front
;
the
three
first
men
in
the
Front
,
and
middle-man
of
the
second
Ranks
move
forwards
three
paces
,
the
rest
closing
inward
one
pace
.
Command
.
The
last
Rank
open
outward
to
double
distance
,
and
the
next
Rank
open
outward
to
open
Order
,
and
the
third
Rank
from
the
Reer
to
close
inward
to
Order
.
Command
.
The
second
man
from
the
Front
,
face
about
,
move
down
and
range
even
with
the
Reer
:
outmost
men
of
the
last
Rank
advance
forward
,
and
range
even
with
the
second
Ranks
from
the
Front
:
the
last
Rank
move
forwards
until
they
have
exceeded
three
foot
the
next
Rank
that
stands
before
them
:
Divisions
on
the
Wings
,
face
outward
,
move
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Front-division
,
face
about
,
and
march
down
even
with
the
Reer
;
the
last
man
move
forwards
to
order
,
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Middle-division
advance
forward
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
Divisions
in
the
Reer
close
inwards
to
order
;
wheel
your
Reer
into
the
midst
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
last
Rank
close
inward
to
order
,
and
to
double
to
the
left
File-wise
;
the
second
man
from
the
Reer
move
forwards
into
the
second
Rank
that
is
before
you
.
Reducement
.
The
first
man
in
the
Front
move
a
little
to
the
right
,
the
second
man
from
the
first
Rank
double
the
first
man
to
the
left
Rank-wise
;
the
first
Rank
wheel
off
by
Division
,
and
double
the
last
man
in
the
Reer
to
the
right
and
left
Rank-wise
;
Ranks
close
forwards
to
Order
,
&
face
to
your
Leader
.
Reducement
.
The
first
and
second
Rank
face
about
;
the
first
Rank
double
the
second
to
the
right
and
left
outward
;
to
your
Leader
:
the
last
Rank
move
forward
,
and
even
your
Ranks
,
and
straighten
their
Files
;
wheele
Front
and
Reer
to
the
left
Flank
;
the
last
Rank
face
about
before
they
wheele
;
then
facing
to
their
Leader
,
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
LXX
.
Twelve
several
Figures
of
Battail
with
a
File
twelve
deep
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
FRont
Half-file
double
your
Reer
to
the
left
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
10
|
7
|
4
|
1
|
11
|
8
|
5
|
2
|
12
|
9
|
6
|
3
|
Command
.
The
middlemost
men
upon
each
Flank
face
outward
;
the
two
middle-men
of
the
last
Rank
,
face
about
:
Those
that
are
thus
faced
,
and
the
two
middle-men
of
the
first
Rank
move
forward
to
your
Leader
three
paces
;
the
first
and
the
last
Rank
stand
,
the
rest
move
outwards
two
paces
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
|
|
|
7
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
11
|
|
8
|
|
|
1
|
|
2
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
6
|
|
|
|
Command
.
The
outmost
Divisions
open
from
the
midst
almost
to
twice
double
distance
;
the
first
Rank
face
about
,
and
rank
even
with
the
midst
of
Ranks
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
The
last
Rank
double
to
the
right
File-wise
,
the
second
man
from
the
Reer
advance
forward
,
and
place
himself
three
foot
before
the
middle-men
,
the
last
man
at
the
same
time
closing
forward
to
Order
.
|
10
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
11
|
|
8
|
|
7
|
|
4
|
|
5
|
|
2
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Command
.
The
outmost
Division
upon
the
right
move
away
,
the
rest
successively
falling
in
the
Reer
of
them
until
they
stand
straight
after
the
first
Division
.
|
1
|
|
5
|
|
2
|
|
3
|
|
|
6
|
|
7
|
|
4
|
|
9
|
|
|
10
|
|
11
|
|
8
|
|
12
|
|
Command
.
The
outmost
man
upon
the
left
of
the
middle
Division
to
open
to
the
left
to
double
distance
;
the
rest
of
that
Division
to
face
to
the
right
,
and
to
move
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
face
to
your
Leader
;
the
last
man
in
the
Front
,
face
about
ro
the
last
Division
;
the
first
man
of
the
Front-Division
,
and
the
first
man
of
the
Reer-Division
to
move
forwards
,
and
to
close
to
open
Order
:
after
facing
to
the
left
Flank
,
closing
to
the
outmost
man
to
Order
;
face
to
your
Leader
:
and
after
face
all
to
the
Center
,
and
move
a
little
forward
,
to
your
Leader
.
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
Command
.
The
outmost
man
upon
the
right
,
and
the
outmost
man
upon
the
left
,
close
inward
to
Order
.
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
2
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
7
|
|
4
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
11
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
Command
.
The
two
middle
men
move
forth
to
the
right
and
left
three
foot
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
the
first
man
in
the
Front
face
about
:
the
first
man
in
the
Front
,
and
the
last
man
in
the
Reer
,
move
into
the
second
that
is
before
you
:
to
your
Leader
.
|
|
5
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
1
|
|
6
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
10
|
|
12
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
8
|
|
|
Command
.
The
two
outmost
men
upon
each
Flank
,
close
inward
to
open
Order
.
|
5
|
|
2
|
|
3
|
|
1
|
|
6
|
|
7
|
|
4
|
|
10
|
|
12
|
|
9
|
|
8
|
|
11
|
|
Command
.
Face
all
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
and
the
four
middle
then
move
forwards
into
the
Rank
that
is
before
them
,
and
they
will
stand
in
a
Square
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
|
5
|
1
|
2
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
6
|
7
|
|
|
|
4
|
10
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
11
|
12
|
8
|
|
Command
.
Files
,
rank
outward
;
the
middleman
of
the
first
Rank
move
forward
,
and
place
himself
three
foot
before
his
right
and
left-hand-man
;
the
outmost
and
the
middle
man
of
the
last
Rank
move
backward
,
and
place
himself
three-foot
behind
the
Reer-division
;
close
forwards
to
open
order
.
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
10
|
7
|
3
|
|
|
|
6
|
4
|
9
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
Command
.
The
first
and
the
last
Rank
move
to
the
left
one
pace
,
and
after
double
to
the
right
File-wise
;
the
Middle-rank
close
inward
to
order
.
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
10
|
7
|
3
|
|
6
|
4
|
9
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
Command
.
The
two
outmost
men
of
the
Middle-rank
,
face
about
;
move
down
and
range
even
abrest
with
the
middle-man
of
the
Reer-division
,
closing
inward
to
order
,
and
facing
to
the
Front
:
even
men
from
the
left
,
move
forwards
,
and
rank
even
abrest
with
the
middle-man
of
the
Front-division
,
and
close
inward
to
order
;
the
outmost-men
open
outward
to
double
distance
.
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
3
|
2
|
4
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
10
|
11
|
9
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
Command
.
Reer-division
,
face
about
,
and
move
two
paces
;
the
outmost-man
upon
the
left
,
face
about
to
the
right
with
the
last
man
in
the
Reer
of
each
Division
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
move
forward
two
paces
.
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
2
|
|
4
|
|
|
5
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
8
|
|
10
|
|
|
11
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
Reducement
.
Reer-division
,
face
about
;
middle
man
of
the
first
Rank
of
each
division
move
forward
,
and
rank
two
to
the
left
into
Front
and
Reer
:
Files
close
into
the
midst
to
order
:
Ranks
,
close
forwards
to
order
:
Half-files
,
double
the
Front
to
the
right
intire
:
Ranks
,
rank
outward
into
the
Front
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-men
:
Ranks
,
file
to
the
right
and
left
inward
:
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
left
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
It
might
be
expected
that
I
should
shew
the
several
Charges
upon
all
these
Figures
;
but
in
regard
I
may
,
perhaps
,
meet
with
some
of
them
again
in
greater
Bodies
,
or
the
like
;
I
shall
for
present
pass
them
over
,
and
in
those
places
endeavour
to
give
them
the
best
satisfaction
I
can
.
In
the
mean
time
they
may
with
ease
finde
out
in
every
one
of
them
such
Charges
as
may
instruct
the
Souldiers
how
to
fight
;
whether
it
be
Front
,
Rear
,
both
Flanks
or
Angles
,
they
may
be
shewn
and
exercised
in
them
according
to
the
discretion
of
him
that
shall
command
them
,
whether
they
be
Muskettiers
or
Pike-men
.
And
therefore
,
thus
much
shall
suffice
concerning
the
exercising
of
a
File
for
matter
of
Figures
.
In
the
next
place
followeth
Exercise
of
greater
Bodies
.
The
end
of
the
first
Book
.
THE
COMPLEAT
BODY
OF
The
Art
Military
.
The
Second
BOOK
.
CHAP.
I.
Concerning
the
Artillery
and
the
Military
Gardens
,
together
with
the
Private
Meetings
,
in
and
about
the
City
of
LONDON
.
THe
great
delight
in
handling
of
Arms
in
Military
Exercises
,
makes
the
City
of
London
and
the
Suburbs
thereof
famous
through
the
whole
World
,
by
reason
,
as
I
conceive
,
of
those
two
great
Nurseries
or
Academies
of
Military
Discipline
,
the
Artillery
and
Military
Garden
,
from
whom
,
as
out
of
pure
Fountains
,
all
other
our
Private
Meetings
(
as
of
Townditch
,
and
Cripplegate
,
&c.
)
are
derived
.
The
Artillery
Gardens
deserves
the
first
place
,
in
respect
it
is
the
greatest
Meeting
,
from
whence
,
as
it
were
out
of
a
Nursery
,
have
been
transplanted
many
able
knowing
Souldiers
both
at
home
and
in
foraign
Countries
,
to
the
great
honour
of
our
Nation
.
The
Military
Garden
is
famous
likewise
for
the
great
improvement
of
divers
worthy
persons
of
quality
daily
thither
resorting
,
whose
excellent
skill
in
Military
Exercises
hath
raised
many
of
them
to
high
preferment
here
at
home
,
and
to
places
of
honourable
command
abroad
.
The
Captains
in
chief
of
these
Academies
are
Major
General
Skippon
,
and
Major
Henry
Tyllier
,
which
later
was
the
first
that
ever
shewed
in
the
Military
Garden
(
of
which
I
am
a
member
)
the
marching
of
the
Souldiers
in
a
Regimental
way
;
whose
great
pains
amongst
us
deserves
much
honour
and
high
commendation
;
shewing
unto
us
such
variety
of
matter
in
a
Souldier-like
way
,
as
was
never
before
seen
by
any
member
thereof
.
Not
to
eclipse
the
fore-mentioned
Private
Meetings
in
London
,
but
to
give
them
that
due
which
belongs
unto
them
,
they
likewise
are
of
great
honour
and
fame
for
their
frequent
exercising
of
their
Souldiers
in
the
handling
of
their
Arms
,
whether
it
be
of
the
Pike
or
Musket
,
and
instructing
them
in
the
knowledge
of
Drilling
,
and
drawing
up
of
Companies
,
and
Bodies
of
men
,
furnishing
both
Kingdoms
with
able
knowing
Souldiers
.
My
hearty
wishes
therefore
are
,
that
all
and
every
one
of
them
may
be
propt
up
,
and
supported
to
all
ages
,
that
when
need
shall
require
,
we
may
draw
from
these
Fountains
such
skilful
and
experienced
Commanders
and
Officers
as
may
be
,
as
it
were
,
a
Bulwark
to
this
our
Nation
.
Not
to
dwell
any
longer
upon
this
discourse
,
I
come
therefore
briefly
to
set
forth
several
Exercises
(
formerly
practised
by
me
amongst
those
loving
Gentlemen
of
Town-ditch
)
according
to
the
usual
numbers
there
appearing
,
whether
they
be
great
or
small
,
practised
for
the
most
part
with
24
or
32
men
,
and
sometimes
(
although
seldom
)
with
64
men
,
unless
it
were
upon
general
days
,
when
they
were
drawn
forth
into
the
field
;
at
such
times
,
perhaps
,
there
might
be
an
appearance
of
greater
numbers
,
as
120
and
upwards
.
My
purpose
therefore
is
to
pitch
upon
,
and
to
make
use
of
all
and
every
one
of
these
numbers
,
making
12
Exercises
,
dividing
them
by
threes
,
until
I
have
run
over
them
all
,
conceiving
them
sufficient
for
the
industrious
to
gather
from
thence
matter
enough
for
his
intended
Exercise
.
And
for
the
more
enabling
of
them
,
I
shall
endeavour
(
in
these
curious
times
)
to
walk
along
in
as
plain
a
way
as
possibly
may
be
,
giving
directions
unto
all
Words
of
Command
,
for
the
better
performance
of
the
same
;
wishing
all
my
loving
fellow-Souldiers
to
conceive
well
of
my
good
meaning
intended
to
them
:
desiring
withall
to
be
rightly
informed
of
what
part
soever
they
fall
upon
,
that
they
proceed
leasurely
and
orderly
in
the
same
;
which
will
not
only
be
an
encouragement
unto
the
Author
from
whom
they
gather
their
Exercises
,
but
will
bring
much
praises
and
commendation
to
themselves
.
But
to
leave
every
one
to
their
own
best
thoughts
,
whilest
I
proceed
to
practise
what
before
promised
concerning
the
several
Exercises
following
.
CHAP.
II.
The
first
Exercise
of
four
Files
six
deep
.
EAch
File-leader
(
as
being
his
duty
)
having
gone
over
the
Postures
,
shewing
and
instructing
his
File
with
their
uses
,
and
neat
handling
of
their
Arms
,
hearing
the
Drums
beat
a
Call
for
all
to
repair
and
stand
to
their
Arms
,
begin
to
lead
up
their
Files
according
to
Order
;
the
Leader
then
closing
their
Ranks
and
Files
to
close
Order
,
craving
their
silence
,
may
proceed
to
shew
unto
them
all
their
several
Distances
and
Facings
,
according
unto
the
former
rule
set
down
,
and
after
he
may
proceed
to
Doublings
(
if
he
pleaseth
)
as
followeth
.
CHAP.
III.
A
Doubling
consisting
of
sixteen
in
number
,
every
one
differing
from
the
other
,
and
not
reduced
until
the
last
Word
of
Command
.
Command
.
FIles
,
file
to
the
right
intire
advancing
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Front-half-files
,
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
intire
.
Command
.
Right-half-ranks
,
double
your
left
Flank
intire
advancing
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
intire
.
Command
.
Left-half-ranks
,
double
intire
the
Depth
of
your
right
Flank
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
to
the
left
intire
advancing
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Front-half-files
,
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
following
your
Leaders
.
Direction
.
Reer-half-files
,
face
about
;
the
File-leaders
are
to
turn
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
the
rest
are
to
follow
them
until
they
are
marched
down
into
the
Reer
,
and
have
doubled
it
to
the
right
and
left
outward
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
inward
intire
.
Command
.
The
two
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
,
double
intire
the
Depth
of
the
inmost
Files
.
Direction
.
The
two
outmost
Files
face
about
inward
,
and
move
streight
down
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
afterwards
face
inward
,
march
,
and
close
your
Divisions
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Front-half-files
,
double
your
Reer
inward
intire
.
Direction
.
Reer-half-files
,
face
about
,
and
move
outward
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
Front-half-files
,
face
about
,
march
down
and
even
the
Reer
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
two
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
double
intire
,
advancing
the
four
inmost
Files
.
Direction
.
The
two
outmost
Files
move
forward
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
face
inward
,
march
and
close
your
Divisions
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
inward
intire
,
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Direction
.
The
two
inmost
Files
stand
;
the
two
outmost
Files
move
forwards
,
and
double
your
inmost
Files
intire
advancing
,
placing
your selves
before
your
Leaders
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
,
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
IV.
Eight
several
Counter-marches
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
FIle-leaders
,
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
Leaders
.
Command
.
The
Right-hand-file
,
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
right-hand-men
.
Command
.
File-leaders
and
Bringers-up
,
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
Leaders
and
your
Bringers-up
.
Command
.
The
outmost
File
upon
each
Flank
,
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
and
left
,
placing
your selves
before
your
outside-men
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
,
and
pass
through
to
the
right
and
left
,
placing
your selves
before
the
outmost
Files
;
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
your
Divisions
to
open
Order
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
,
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
Bringers-up
.
Direction
.
The
five
first
Ranks
are
to
face
about
;
the
next
Rank
to
the
Reer
is
first
to
begin
the
Motion
;
the
rest
are
successively
to
follow
,
until
the
Leaders
are
become
the
Bringers-up
.
Command
.
The
Left-hand-file
,
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
left
,
and
place
your selves
on
the
out
side
of
your
left-hand-men
.
Command
.
File-leaders
and
Bringers-up
,
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
Leaders
and
Bringers-up
.
Direction
.
The
first
and
the
two
next
Ranks
from
the
Reer
,
face
about
;
the
two
first
Ranks
from
the
Front
,
and
the
two
last
Ranks
from
the
Reer
move
forwards
,
placing
your selves
behind
your
Leaders
and
your
Bringers-up
;
face
to
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
your
Divisions
.
Command
.
The
outmost
File
upon
each
File
face
inward
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
and
left
,
placing
your selves
behind
your
right
and
left-hand-men
.
CHAP.
V.
Ten
several
Wheelings
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
WHeel
the
Front-half-files
inward
into
the
midst
,
and
double
your
Reer
inward
intire
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
outward
,
and
march
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
after
face
to
the
Reer
:
Front-half-files
,
open
from
the
midst
to
open
Order
,
after
Wheeling
to
the
right
and
left
inward
into
the
Reer
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Right
and
Left-half-ranks
,
double
the
depth
of
the
Battail
by
Wheeling
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
Right-half-ranks
,
wheel
to
the
left
;
and
Left-half-ranks
,
wheel
to
the
right
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
the
Front-half-files
,
and
double
the
Reer
by
division
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
and
Front-half-files
,
wheel
off
by
Division
,
moving
down
even
with
the
Reer
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
right
Half-ranks
,
and
double
your
left
Flank
to
the
right
intire
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
,
and
Right-half-ranks
wheel
about
to
the
left
and
move
away
,
and
double
the
left
Flank
to
the
right
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
double
the
Depth
of
the
Battail
by
wheeling
into
the
Front
and
Reer
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
to
the
Reer
;
and
Front
and
Reer-half-files
wheel
to
the
right
and
left
inward
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
your
Divisions
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Left-half-ranks
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
,
and
Left-half-ranks
wheel
off
by
Division
,
and
move
even
with
the
right
Flank
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Reer-half-files
,
and
double
the
Front
to
the
right
intire
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
,
and
wheel
to
the
left
,
until
you
have
ranged
even
with
the
Front
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
Battail
off
by
Division
from
the
Front
.
Direction
.
Right-half-ranks
,
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
left
;
Half-ranks
,
wheel
about
to
the
left
,
and
move
down
to
the
Reer
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
into
the
midst
to
order
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Left-half-ranks
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
left
intire
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
,
Left-half-ranks
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
and
move
forward
,
and
double
the
right
Flank
to
the
left
intire
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Front-Half-files
,
and
double
the
Reer
to
the
left
intire
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
and
Front-half-files
,
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
move
down
and
range
even
with
the
Reer
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
reduceth
them
.
CHAP.
VI.
Six
Figures
of
Battail
,
with
several
Firings
thereunto
belonging
.
Command
.
RAnks
and
Files
close
to
order
,
they
will
stand
us
underneath
is
set
forth
,
from
which
we
will
draw
our
Figures
after
we
have
fired
upon
this
Platform
three
or
four
times
.
formation
Command
.
Double
your
Files
inward
intire
advancing
.
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
first
two
Ranks
advance
forward
ten
paces
,
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
after
wheeling
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
placing
themselves
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
:
the
next
two
Ranks
,
and
so
the
rest
successively
doing
the
like
until
they
have
Fired
once
over
,
which
reduceth
them
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
first
Rank
advance
three
paces
,
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
the
rest
doing
the
like
until
all
have
Fired
once
over
,
as
before
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
them
give
Fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
Flank
the
Pikes
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
them
Fire
even
with
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
with
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
;
which
being
ended
,
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
.
Reducement
.
Muskettiers
,
double
your
Front
by
Division
.
Command
.
The
first
two
Ranks
,
stand
;
the
rest
face
outward
and
move
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
to
your
Leader
:
the
two
last
Ranks
move
outward
side-ways
two
paces
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
every
Division
give
Fire
on
the
same
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
advance
forwards
until
they
be
cleer
of
the
Pikes
;
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
after
moving
down
into
their
places
.
Command
.
Front-division
,
advance
forward
three
paces
;
the
two
next
Divisions
move
outward
one
pace
:
Pikes
in
each
Division
face
about
,
and
move
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
:
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
advance
forwards
,
and
range
even
in
Front
and
Reer
with
the
Middle-divisions
of
Pikes
;
the
first
Rank
of
Pikes
in
the
Front-division
move
three
foot
cleer
of
the
standing
part
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
them
give
Fire
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
give
Fire
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
altogether
.
Direction
.
Reer-divisions
,
face
outward
;
the
last
Rank
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
of
the
Front-division
,
face
to
the
Reer
;
the
last
Rank
of
Muskettiers
move
down
cleer
of
the
Reer
,
and
close
inward
to
order
;
then
last
the
Pikes
port
,
and
after
the
Muskettiers
have
Fired
,
charge
on
,
then
retreating
into
their
places
again
.
Command
.
The
first
and
the
last
Rank
of
Pikes
,
face
about
,
and
move
down
cleer
of
the
Reer
,
and
close
Ranks
forwards
to
order
;
outmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
about
,
move
down
and
flank
your
own
divisions
of
Pikes
:
The
first
Division
of
Pikes
move
forward
,
and
range
even
abrest
with
your
own
Division
of
Muskettiers
;
the
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
closing
into
the
midst
to
order
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
Front-division
give
Fire
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
after
wheeling
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
move
down
and
Flank
the
Reer-division
of
Pikes
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
Fire
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
face
about
,
and
move
down
upon
the
inside
of
the
next
division
of
Pikes
;
and
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
upon
the
Flanks
move
up
into
the
room
of
the
former
,
and
Fire
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
after
face
about
,
and
move
down
into
their
places
again
;
the
Muskettiers
on
the
inside
moving
up
into
their
places
again
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
the
Reer-division
face
about
;
then
let
them
Fire
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
let
the
Pikes
charge
,
and
after
ordering
their
Arms
,
their
Reer-division
facing
to
their
Leader
,
the
Muskettiers
thereof
may
move
up
into
their
places
again
.
Command
.
The
outmost
divisions
face
outward
,
and
move
two
paces
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
move
up
until
you
range
even
abrest
with
the
second
divisions
next
the
Front
;
Reer-division
move
streight
forward
two
paces
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
them
all
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
advance
forwards
until
they
be
cleer
of
the
Front-division
,
and
then
rank
outward
and
Fire
altogether
;
after
filing
inward
as
they
were
,
move
down
again
into
their
places
:
the
Pikes
at
the
same
time
charging
,
and
after
order
their
Arms.
Command
.
Front-division
advance
forward
three
paces
;
the
outmost
division
upon
the
Flanks
move
up
,
and
range
even
with
the
Front
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Direction
for
the
same
:
let
them
all
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
the
middle-division
of
Muskettiers
move
forwards
,
and
flank
the
Reer-division
of
Pikes
;
after
let
all
the
Muskettiers
advance
forwards
three
foot
cleer
of
their
own
divisions
of
Pikes
,
and
give
Fire
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
after
facing
about
,
move
into
their
places
again
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
Fire
as
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
the
Pikes
in
the
Reer
may
charge
on
,
and
after
facing
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
The
outmost
divisions
face
inward
,
march
three
paces
;
and
the
next
two
divisions
face
outward
,
and
move
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
:
Reer-division
,
move
outward
until
you
stand
streight
with
the
Front-divisions
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
Front-Division
of
Muskettiers
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
after
moving
down
in
the
room
of
them
in
the
Reer
:
they
at
the
same
time
moving
up
into
the
Front
firing
,
in
like
manner
moving
down
,
and
exchanging
places
with
them
in
the
Reer
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
upon
the
Flanks
move
forward
even
with
the
Front
,
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
after
move
down
into
their
places
again
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
them
face
to
the
Front
,
reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
and
let
the
Pikes
port
,
and
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
them
give
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
;
the
Pikes
charging
whilest
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
.
The
fifth
firing
.
Let
the
Pikes
charge
at
foot
,
and
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
over
their
heads
;
then
recovering
their
Arms
,
face
to
their
Leader
.
Reducement
.
Front-Divisions
face
about
;
Front
and
Reer-Divisions
march
,
and
interchange
ground
,
to
your
Leader
;
The
out-most
Divisions
face
inward
,
and
close
your
Divisions
,
to
your
Leader
:
even
your
Ranks
,
and
streighten
your
Files
,
and
close
to
Order
,
they
are
reduced
.
The
Captain
may
now
command
the
Muskettiers
to
poyse
their
Arms
,
and
file
away
to
the
right
and
left
,
making
as
it
were
a
Street
or
Gallery
for
him
to
troop
away
the
Pikes
,
and
lodge
his
Colours
.
CHAP.
VII
.
The
second
Exercise
,
with
four
Files
six
deep
.
THe
Souldiers
being
the
second
time
summoned
to
appear
at
their
place
of
Rendezvous
,
the
Sergeants
having
drawn
forth
the
Files
,
may
give
liberty
to
the
Leaders
thereof
to
exercise
them
in
their
several
Postures
;
which
being
ended
,
their
Captain
or
other
Officers
may
command
them
to
lead
up
their
Files
,
and
to
joyn
them
into
a
Body
;
after
which
he
may
shew
unto
them
their
Distances
,
and
Facings
,
with
their
several
kinds
,
following
the
former
rule
,
and
after
proceed
to
these
or
the
like
Doublings
following
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Eighteen
several
Doublings
with
their
reducements
.
Command
.
HAlf-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Double
your
files
to
the
right
intire
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Front
half-files
,
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
intire
.
Command
.
Left
half-ranks
,
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
left
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
right
,
and
left-half-ranks
move
forward
;
and
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
left
,
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
left
intire
.
Command
.
Right
half-ranks
,
double
your
left
Flank
intire
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Left
half-ranks
,
double
your
right
Flank
inward
intire
.
Direction
.
Half-files
of
the
right
half-ranks
,
face
about
;
right
half-ranks
,
move
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
face
all
to
the
right
:
left
half-ranks
,
move
forwards
into
the
right
Flank
,
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
three
first
,
and
the
three
last
Ranks
,
double
the
six
middle-most
intire
to
the
left
Flank
.
Direction
.
The
three
first
,
and
the
three
last
,
face
to
the
left
,
march
cleer
of
the
standing
part
,
face
inward
,
move
,
and
close
your
Divisions
,
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Right
half-ranks
,
double
your
left
Flank
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
left
,
and
right
half-ranks
move
forwards
,
and
double
your
left
Flank
to
the
right
,
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
right
intire
.
Command
.
Right
half-ranks
double
your
left
Flank
inward
intire
.
Command
.
The
three
first
,
and
the
three
last
Ranks
,
double
the
six
middle-most
Ranks
intire
to
the
right
Flank
.
Command
.
Left
half-ranks
,
double
your
right
Flank
intire
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Front
half-files
,
double
your
Reer
to
the
left
intire
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
intire
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
half-files
,
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
,
following
your
Leaders
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
File-leaders
,
turn
off
to
the
left
,
and
move
down
upon
the
right
of
the
Reer
,
the
rest
following
successively
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
double
your
Depth
to
the
left
intire
;
they
are
reduced
being
faced
to
their
Leader
.
CHAP.
IX
.
Twelve
several
Counter-marches
,
with
their
reducements
.
Command
.
FIles
to
the
right
hand
countermarch
,
losing
ground
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
right
hand
counter-march
,
losing
ground
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer
half-files
,
inter-change
ground
.
Direction
.
Front
half-files
,
face
about
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Right
and
left
half-ranks
,
inter-change
ground
.
Direction
.
Face
inward
.
Command
.
File-leaders
,
face
about
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
a
place
your selves
behinde
your
Leaders
;
face
to
the
Front
.
Command
.
Counter-march
your
Front
and
Reer
into
the
midst
.
Command
.
Counter-march
your
Flanks
into
the
midst
.
Face
out-ward
.
Command
.
File-leaders
,
and
Half-file-leaders
,
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
Leaders
,
and
Half-file-leaders
.
Direction
.
The
second
Rank
from
the
Front
,
and
from
the
Half-file-leaders
,
are
to
begin
the
Motion
,
placing
themselves
,
as
before
commanded
.
Command
.
The
out-most
File
upon
the
right
,
and
the
second
File
from
the
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
on
the
out-side
of
your
right-hand
men
.
Command
.
Files
to
the
left-hand
counter-march
,
losing
ground
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer
half-files
,
counter-march
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
Front
and
Reer
half-files
,
turn
off
distinctly
by
your selves
,
on
the
ground
you
stand
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Right
and
left
Half-ranks
,
counter-march
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
right
;
and
right
and
left
Half-ranks
,
turn
off
distinctly
to
the
right
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
X.
Twelve
several
Wheelings
,
with
their
Reducements
.
Command
.
WHeel
your
Reer
Half-files
inward
into
the
midst
,
and
double
the
Front
inward
intire
.
Direction
.
Right
and
left
Half-ranks
,
open
from
the
midst
to
double
distance
;
Reer
half-files
face
about
,
and
wheel
your
Reer
inward
into
the
midst
,
moving
forward
,
doubling
the
Front
inward
intire
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Right
half-ranks
,
and
double
your
left
Flank
to
the
left
intire
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
right
Half-ranks
,
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
and
double
your
left
Flank
to
the
left
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Right
and
left
Half-ranks
,
double
the
Length
of
your
Battail
by
wheeling
outward
to
the
Front
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
,
and
right
Half-ranks
,
wheel
to
the
left
,
and
left
Half-ranks
,
wheel
to
the
right
,
and
after
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
order
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
right
Half-ranks
,
and
double
your
left
Flank
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
:
right
Half-ranks
,
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
moving
forward
,
&
doubling
the
left
Flank
to
the
right
&
left
outward
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
left
Half-ranks
inward
into
the
right
Flank
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
,
and
open
from
the
midst
to
double
distance
;
the
Front
and
Reer
half-files
,
and
after
the
left
Half-Ranks
may
wheel
inward
,
and
double
the
right
Flank
inward
intire
.
Command
.
Wheele
off
your
Reer
Half-files
,
and
double
your
Front
to
the
left
entire
;
Half-files
face
about
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
right
Half-ranks
inward
into
the
midst
,
and
double
the
left
Flank
inward
entire
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
;
and
Front
and
Reer
Half-files
that
were
,
are
to
open
from
the
midst
to
double
distance
,
and
right
Half-ranks
wheel
inward
,
and
move
forward
into
the
left
Flank
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Reer
Half-files
,
and
double
your
Front
to
the
right
entire
;
Half-files
face
about
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
left
Half-ranks
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
by
Division
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Front
Half-files
,
and
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
entire
:
Half-files
face
about
.
Command
.
Double
the
Depth
of
the
Battail
by
wheeling
Front
and
Reer
into
the
midst
of
each
Division
.
Direction
.
Front
Half-files
move
forward
four
paces
,
then
the
last
Rank
of
each
Division
face
about
,
and
wheel
into
the
midst
of
Front
and
Reer
of
each
Division
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Front
Half-files
,
and
double
your
Reer
to
the
left
entire
;
Half-files
face
about
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
Battail
off
by
Division
from
the
Reer
.
Direction
.
Face
all
about
,
and
right
Half-ranks
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
left
outward
to
the
Front
;
and
closing
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
they
will
be
reduced
as
at
first
,
and
stand
as
underneath
is
set
forth
.
formation
CHAP.
XI
.
Several
plain
Firings
upon
this
Exercise
of
24
men
,
with
Figures
of
Battail
belonging
to
the
same
.
A
Commander
having
thus
passed
over
the
Motions
,
may
next
prepare
for
Firings
;
and
calling
up
his
Serjeants
,
he
may
give
them
order
how
the
Muskettiers
shall
fire
in
Front
and
Reer
:
but
before
he
begin
his
Firings
,
it
will
be
expedient
that
he
double
his
Front
to
the
right
and
left
inward
by
the
Bringers-up
,
which
being
ended
,
he
may
proceed
as
followeth
.
The
first
Firing
.
Let
them
fire
by
Divisions
drawn
forth
ten
paces
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
second
Firing
.
Let
them
fire
again
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
moving
down
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
and
closing
their
Divisions
.
The
third
Firing
.
Let
the
first
Rank
kneel
down
,
the
next
stoop
,
and
the
last
stand
upright
,
and
give
fire
altogether
;
the
Pikes
in
the
mean
time
are
to
advance
their
Arms
,
and
open
to
the
right
and
left
,
charge
on
to
the
Front
,
until
they
be
clear
of
the
Muskettiers
,
and
then
face
inwards
,
and
close
their
Divisions
;
then
facing
all
about
,
they
may
give
fire
to
the
Reer
marching
.
The
fourth
Firing
.
Let
the
last
Rank
face
about
to
the
left
,
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
placing
themselves
before
their
Leaders
of
their
own
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
.
The
fifth
Firing
.
Let
them
face
about
to
the
left
again
,
give
fire
;
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
flank
their
Pikes
,
the
Pikes
at
the
same
instant
facing
about
,
and
charge
on
clear
of
the
Muskettiers
,
the
Muskettiers
after
facing
inward
,
and
close
their
Divisions
:
the
Pikes
may
charge
to
the
Horse
,
and
the
Muskettiers
may
give
fire
over
their
heads
after
this
manner
.
The
sixth
Firing
.
Let
the
first
Rank
stoop
,
and
the
other
two
stand
upright
,
and
give
fire
altogether
;
after
recovering
of
their
Arms
,
they
may
all
face
to
the
Front
,
commanding
the
Pikes
to
double
the
Front
inward
entire
,
and
afterwards
Files
to
double
their
Depth
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
,
closing
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
and
wheeling
about
into
the
first
Front
,
he
may
proceed
as
followeth
.
Command
.
Front
Half-files
advance
forwards
three
paces
;
the
middle
Rank
of
each
Division
face
outward
,
and
move
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
formation
The
first
Firing
.
Let
the
inmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Front
fire
,
and
fall
off
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
after
facing
about
,
move
down
,
and
interchange
ground
with
them
in
the
Reer
;
they
at
the
same
instant
moving
up
,
firing
,
and
in
like
manner
interchanging
ground
with
them
in
the
Reer
;
and
at
the
same
time
the
outmost
men
are
to
move
up
,
and
fire
to
the
Front
,
and
to
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
into
the
place
of
them
in
the
Reer
,
they
at
the
same
time
moving
up
,
and
firing
in
like
manner
:
this
firing
may
be
continued
twice
over
.
The
second
Firing
.
Let
them
face
to
both
the
Flanks
,
and
let
the
Divisions
of
Pikes
in
the
midst
open
outward
until
they
be
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
then
Porting
;
let
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
on
the
same
ground
they
stand
,
and
the
Pikes
after
may
charge
on
until
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
,
and
then
retreating
into
their
places
again
,
the
Muskettiers
may
give
fire
,
as
before
is
mentioned
,
the
Pikes
in
like
manner
charging
on
,
then
retreating
to
their
places
;
face
all
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Inmost
Divisions
of
Pikes
move
to
the
left
one
pace
,
and
double
to
the
right
File-wise
,
and
face
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
march
three
paces
;
middle
File
of
Front
and
Reer-Divisions
open
from
the
midst
to
double
Distance
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Face
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
then
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
move
forwards
,
and
the
inmost
Division
rank
outward
into
Front
and
Reer
,
and
then
give
Fire
altogether
,
and
file
as
they
were
;
the
Pikes
may
charge
whilst
they
make
ready
,
and
fall
into
their
places
again
,
they
may
continue
upon
this
Firing
a
second
time
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
,
and
the
two
outmost
men
of
the
Pikes
,
face
to
both
Flanks
;
and
likewise
the
Middle-divisions
of
Pikes
are
to
face
to
both
Flanks
after
this
manner
:
the
first
two
of
the
Reer-division
are
to
face
to
the
right
,
and
the
two
last
men
of
the
Front-division
are
to
face
to
the
left
;
then
let
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
to
both
Flanks
;
and
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
to
the
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
until
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
;
this
Firing
may
be
continued
twice
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
outmost
single
men
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Front-divion
,
face
about
;
the
two
outmost
men
of
Muskettiers
,
both
of
Front
and
Reer-divisions
move
forward
and
close
to
order
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
inward
to
open
Order
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
them
give
Fire
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
then
face
about
and
move
down
into
the
Reer
;
the
rest
moving
up
successively
,
giving
Fire
and
falling
off
in
like
manner
;
this
may
be
continued
twice
over
;
then
face
them
to
the
Reer
,
and
let
the
Muskettiers
rank
to
the
right
and
left
outward
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
first
Rank
of
each
Division
give
Fire
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
in
manner
and
form
of
the
former
Firing
,
until
they
have
Fired
twice
over
;
then
to
file
as
they
were
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
move
to
the
right
one
pace
;
the
second
Division
of
Pikes
move
forward
,
and
double
the
Front
to
the
left
;
the
second
Division
of
Pikes
from
the
Reer
,
face
about
;
move
down
and
double
the
Pikes
in
the
Reer
to
the
left
;
to
your
Leader
:
Middle-divisions
of
Muskettiers
open
outward
to
twice
double
distance
;
face
all
to
the
Center
,
and
march
two
or
three
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
The
three
last
Divisions
,
face
to
the
Reer
;
the
two
outmost
men
both
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
,
face
to
the
Flanks
;
then
let
them
all
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
;
the
Pikes
may
charge
while
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
move
forth
and
give
Fire
as
at
first
,
and
after
fall
in
again
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
them
give
Fire
by
Extraduction
,
and
fall
again
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
the
Pikes
charge
the
Horse
,
and
the
Muskettiers
give
Fire
altogether
over
their
heads
;
then
move
forth
into
their
first
places
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
open
outward
to
double
distance
;
the
outmost
men
of
Pikes
close
inward
to
open
order
:
the
third
Rank
of
Pikes
from
the
Front
,
face
about
;
the
third
Rank
of
Pikes
from
the
Front
,
and
the
third
Rank
of
Pikes
from
the
Reer
,
move
forwards
to
order
;
face
to
your
Leader
:
Front
and
Reer-divisions
,
stand
;
the
rest
face
outward
,
and
move
two
paces
,
to
your
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
first
Divisions
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheeling
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
place
of
those
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
;
they
at
the
same
time
moving
forward
into
their
places
,
and
firing
,
falling
off
in
like
manner
;
the
Muskettiers
may
give
Fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
:
This
firing
being
twice
performed
,
we
proceed
to
another
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
and
those
upon
the
Flanks
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
midst
of
Pikes
;
in
the
mean
time
the
last
Division
of
Pikes
may
open
outward
until
they
be
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
then
let
Pikes
charge
all
whilst
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
:
This
firing
may
be
performed
twice
;
after
which
,
let
them
move
forth
into
their
places
again
;
and
face
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
give
Fire
,
and
fall
off
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
:
the
Pikes
may
charge
,
which
being
ended
,
face
them
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
The
last
Rank
of
Pikes
of
the
Middle-division
,
face
about
;
middle-division
of
Pikes
move
forward
,
until
you
range
even
abrest
with
the
midst
of
the
Front
and
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
;
to
your
Leader
:
the
last
man
of
the
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
about
;
outmost-men
move
forward
three
paces
,
and
face
to
your
Leader
:
Ranks
of
the
Front
and
Reer-divisions
open
from
the
midst
to
open
order
;
Reer-divisions
move
forward
two
paces
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
them
Fire
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
between
the
Pikes
:
this
may
be
done
twice
;
after
which
,
face
to
the
Front
and
Reer
,
and
Fire
there
in
the
same
manner
:
then
let
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
intercharge
ground
,
let
them
give
Fire
altogether
unto
Front
and
Reer
;
then
facing
about
,
interchange
ground
with
the
Pikes
,
who
are
to
charge
on
whilst
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
;
then
retreating
,
let
them
all
face
outwards
,
and
they
will
stand
in
form
like
a
Saw
,
after
they
have
moved
two
paces
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
give
Fire
altogether
to
both
Flanks
,
and
the
Pikes
to
charge
on
;
after
retreating
,
they
may
order
their
Arms
,
and
face
all
to
their
Leader
.
Reducement
.
The
outmost
Muskettiers
upon
the
Flanks
,
move
to
right
and
left
inward
,
placing
themselves
in
the
midst
of
their
own
divisions
;
the
outmost
men
of
Pikes
to
stand
,
the
rest
to
double
Ranks
to
the
left
;
and
the
first
Rank
of
Pikes
to
double
to
the
right
File-wise
,
and
the
second
Rank
from
the
Reer
to
double
to
the
left
File-wise
;
after
let
the
outmost
men
of
Pikes
double
their
inmost
Files
into
the
midst
;
then
moving
forward
their
divisions
,
evening
their
Front
,
closing
Files
to
the
midst
to
order
,
they
are
reduced
.
And
now
we
will
lodge
our
Colours
,
and
repose
our selves
,
until
by
the
beat
of
the
Drum
we
shall
be
summon'd
to
make
our
appearance
.
CHAP.
XII
.
The
third
Exercise
,
with
four
Files
six
deep
.
BEing
the
third
time
brought
into
the
Field
compleatly
arm'd
,
where
being
drawn
forth
into
Files
,
and
by
the
Leaders
thereof
exercised
,
as
before
;
they
are
commanded
to
lead
up
their
Files
;
yet
not
presuming
to
place
themselves
,
but
leaves
that
to
the
discretion
of
their
Superiour
Officers
,
who
knows
best
the
desert
of
each
particular
man
.
But
by
the
way
,
give
me
leave
in
this
place
to
tell
the
Souldiers
and
Leaders
of
our
private
Meetings
,
that
this
decorum
is
not
rightly
observed
:
the
Souldier
thinking
himself
wiser
then
his
Leader
,
presumes
to
chop
and
change
by
Counter-marching
of
his
File
,
making
some
part
of
the
Reer
to
be
more
honourable
then
the
Front
,
which
cannot
be
;
for
the
youngest
Souldier
there
is
of
more
honor
then
the
eldest
in
the
Reer
,
in
regard
it
is
the
more
honorable
part
of
the
Battalia
,
therefore
it
is
plain
,
that
they
take
more
upon
them
then
becomes
them
;
for
no
File-leader
ought
to
meddle
with
his
File
in
matter
of
motions
,
without
consent
of
the
superior
Officers
;
neither
ought
the
Leader
either
through
favour
,
or
out
of
malice
,
when
all
the
Files
are
joyned
into
one
compleat
Body
,
to
Countermarch
the
Files
,
(
and
after
proceeding
to
other
Motions
)
depriving
thereby
the
Leaders
thereof
of
their
due
honour
;
for
else
,
why
(
just
in
the
time
of
Exercise
or
Marching
)
should
one
single
File
,
as
the
right
or
left
,
be
Countermarched
,
if
he
bore
not
malice
to
some
,
thrusting
them
by
this
unsouldier-like
way
out
of
their
places
,
and
through
favour
or
affection
often
times
putting
men
of
little
desert
into
their
places
?
To
leave
this
discourse
,
not
pleasing
to
some
,
let
the
Commander
draw
forth
one
File
of
Pikes
,
and
double
it
by
the
Half-file
,
and
send
a
Serjeant
to
fetch
the
Colours
;
and
after
closing
his
Ranks
and
Files
to
Order
,
he
may
begin
to
make
some
alteration
in
the
exercising
of
them
in
their
Motions
,
spending
his
time
altogether
upon
Inversion
and
Conversion
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
Thirty
several
Words
of
Command
of
Inversion
and
Conversion
.
Command
.
RAnks
,
rank
entire
to
the
left
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
The
first
Rank
stand
,
the
rest
face
to
the
left
,
and
successively
move
into
the
Front
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
four
to
the
left
.
Direction
.
The
first
four
upon
the
left
stand
,
the
rest
face
to
the
left
,
and
by
fours
fall
successively
behind
the
first
four
upon
the
left
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
outward
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
The
inmost
Files
stand
,
the
rest
open
outward
to
double
distance
,
and
after
rank
outward
into
the
Front
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
file
three
to
the
right
and
left
outward
by
wheeling
.
Direction
.
The
three
outmost
men
upon
the
right
and
left
wheel
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
the
rest
doing
the
like
by
threes
;
after
close
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
inward
into
the
Reer
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
Reer
,
and
move
to
the
right
and
left
inward
into
the
Reer
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
advancing
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
man
upon
the
right
and
left
stand
,
the
rest
move
outward
until
they
be
six
in
a
File
,
and
the
next
outmost
men
are
to
stand
,
the
other
doing
the
like
,
and
after
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
inward
into
the
midst
of
Ranks
.
Direction
.
Front
Half-files
face
about
,
and
right
and
left
Half-ranks
open
from
the
midst
to
double
distance
,
the
rest
open
outward
to
Order
,
and
move
to
the
right
and
feft
inward
to
the
midst
of
Ranks
;
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Files
inward
to
Order
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
file
12
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
the
Leaders
and
Bringers
up
of
the
middle
Files
.
Direction
.
Ranks
,
open
backward
to
double
distance
,
the
middle
File
stand
,
the
rest
advance
forwards
,
and
file
twelve
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
placing
themselves
before
the
Leaders
,
and
Bringers-up
of
the
middle
Files
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
.
Direction
.
Files
,
open
from
the
midst
to
double
distance
,
and
move
three
to
the
right
,
and
three
to
the
left
inward
,
until
you
have
made
four
Ranks
six
abrest
;
after
close
Ranks
forward
to
Order
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
outward
into
Front
and
Reer
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
.
Direction
.
Half-Files
face
about
,
and
rank
to
the
right
and
left
outward
into
Front
and
Reer
as
is
commanded
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Ranks
forward
to
Order
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
file
12
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
every
man
placing
himself
behind
the
Leaders
and
Bringers-up
of
the
middle
Files
.
Direction
.
Ranks
,
open
backward
to
double
distance
,
the
middle
Files
stand
,
the
rest
move
side-ways
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
place
your selves
behind
the
Leaders
and
Bringers
up
of
the
middle
Files
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
inward
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
.
Direction
.
The
three
last
Ranks
of
the
Front
and
Reer
Half-files
face
about
,
and
Files
open
outward
to
double
distance
,
and
move
to
the
right
and
left
inward
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
,
making
four
Ranks
six
abrest
;
after
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Ranks
forward
to
Order
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
outward
into
the
Midst
.
Direction
.
Front
Half-files
face
about
,
and
move
outward
,
and
rank
to
the
Midst
,
and
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
wheel
to
the
right
and
left
outward
.
Direction
.
Half-files
face
about
,
and
wheel
to
the
right
and
left
outward
into
both
the
Flanks
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
.
Direction
.
The
three
last
Ranks
of
the
Front
and
Reer
Half-files
face
about
,
and
rank
outward
,
three
to
the
right
,
and
three
to
the
left
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Ranks
and
Files
to
their
distance
of
Order
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
file
to
the
right
entire
,
advancing
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
File
stand
,
the
rest
move
forward
,
and
file
to
the
right
entire
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
three
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
The
first
three
men
from
the
Front
rank
three
to
the
right
,
the
rest
successively
doing
the
same
,
closing
Ranks
forward
to
Order
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
wheel
to
the
left
.
Direction
.
Ranks
,
open
backward
to
open
Order
,
and
wheel
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
six
to
the
left
.
Direction
.
The
first
six
men
rank
six
to
the
left
,
the
rest
successively
doing
the
same
,
until
they
have
made
four
Ranks
six
abrest
,
then
close
Ranks
forwards
to
Order
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
rank
outward
into
the
midst
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outsidst
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
.
Direction
.
Front
Half-files
face
about
,
and
Front
and
Reer
Half-files
rank
outward
into
the
midst
,
placing
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
right
and
left-hand-men
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
wheel
three
to
the
right
and
left
outward
.
Direction
.
The
last
Rank
face
about
,
and
wheel
by
threes
to
the
right
and
left
outward
towards
both
Flanks
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Files
to
the
right
to
Order
,
they
will
stand
four
abrest
,
and
six
deep
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
outward
entire
,
advancing
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
File
stand
,
the
rest
advance
forward
,
and
place
your selves
before
the
outmost
Files
;
after
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
The
right-hand-File
stand
,
the
rest
face
about
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
your
right-hand-File
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
twelve
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
The
first
twelve
stand
,
the
other
move
forward
,
filing
twelve
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Files
,
wheel
inward
into
Front
and
Reer
.
Direction
.
Files
open
from
the
midst
to
twice
double
distance
,
after
face
inward
,
and
wheele
six
to
the
right
,
and
six
to
the
left
,
until
you
have
made
two
Ranks
twelve
abrest
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Ranks
forwards
to
Order
.
Command
.
Ranks
wheele
inward
to
both
the
Flanks
.
Direction
.
Ranks
,
open
from
the
midst
to
twice
double
distance
;
the
first
Rank
,
face
about
;
the
first
and
the
last
Rank
,
wheel
six
to
the
right
,
and
six
to
the
left
inward
to
both
the
Flanks
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Files
to
the
midst
to
order
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
three
to
the
right
and
left
outward
into
Front
and
Reer
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
the
three
first
and
the
three
last
Ranks
are
to
stand
;
the
rest
are
to
move
by
threes
,
filing
to
Front
and
Reer
to
the
right
and
left
outward
;
and
after
face
to
the
Front
,
and
close
their
Ranks
forwards
to
order
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
to
the
midst
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Half-files
of
the
outmost
Files
,
face
about
;
and
the
outmost
Files
move
forwards
,
and
file
by
Division
unto
the
midst
of
Files
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
rank
inward
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
Files
,
open
from
the
midst
to
twice
double
distance
,
and
move
forward
to
the
right
and
left
inward
into
the
Front
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
file
six
to
the
right
and
left
outward
.
Direction
.
The
outmost
men
are
to
stand
;
the
rest
are
to
move
side-ways
to
the
right
and
left
,
making
six
in
a
File
;
and
then
the
next
outside
men
in
like
manner
are
to
stand
,
the
rest
successively
are
to
file
as
before
.
CHAP.
XIV
.
Next
followeth
several
Figures
of
Battail
,
with
Firings
upon
the
same
,
for
the
performance
whereof
,
Command
.
BRingers-up
to
double
their
Front
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
and
Ranks
and
Files
to
open
to
open
order
,
and
Muskettiers
to
close
outward
to
close
order
;
the
inmost
Files
of
Pikes
close
outward
to
the
same
distance
,
and
they
will
stand
in
four
Divisions
;
after
let
the
Middle-rank
in
each
Division
open
outward
to
open
order
,
they
will
produce
the
first
Figure
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
first
Rank
give
Fire
,
and
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
place
themselves
in
the
room
of
them
in
the
Reer
;
and
they
at
the
same
time
moving
forwards
in
their
places
,
and
give
Fire
as
the
first
;
after
wheel
off
into
their
places
again
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Middle-ranks
advance
three
foot
before
the
Front
,
and
give
Fire
;
face
about
,
and
move
down
into
their
places
again
.
Command
.
The
last
Rank
in
each
Division
move
to
the
left
one
pace
,
and
double
to
the
right
File-wise
;
and
then
advance
forward
,
until
their
first
men
exceed
two
foot
the
Front
of
each
Division
;
then
let
the
first
Rank
open
outward
to
open
order
,
and
the
last
Rank
close
inward
to
the
same
distance
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
middle
File
give
Fire
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
first
Rank
give
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
after
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
room
of
them
in
the
Reer
,
they
at
the
same
time
moving
forward
into
their
ground
,
and
give
fire
in
like
manner
,
and
fall
off
into
their
places
again
,
and
then
the
Pikes
may
charge
on
whilest
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
.
Command
.
Face
all
about
:
middle
File
,
move
forward
three
foot
clear
of
the
Reer
;
the
first
Rank
close
inward
to
Order
,
the
last
Rank
open
outward
something
more
then
to
open
Order
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
let
the
first
man
in
each
division
kneel
down
,
and
then
to
give
fire
altogether
over
one
anothers
heads
,
the
Pikes
at
the
same
time
charging
brest-high
to
the
Horse
;
then
face
all
to
their
first
Front
.
Command
.
The
last
men
in
the
Reer
double
to
the
left
Rank-wise
;
Files
,
close
into
the
midst
to
Order
;
Muskettiers
,
double
your
Pikes
inward
entire
advancing
,
and
move
forward
three
paces
;
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
right
and
left
outward
of
each
Arms
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
;
Front
Half-files
,
double
your
Reer
entire
into
the
midst
;
Files
,
double
to
the
right
and
left
outward
;
Files
,
file
to
the
right
entire
advancing
:
which
being
done
,
wheel
them
to
the
right
about
into
a
Ring
,
in
form
as
followeth
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
let
the
Pikes
charge
round
,
and
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
all
together
;
which
being
ended
,
let
the
Commander
go
to
the
place
where
the
File-Leader
stands
,
and
wheel
them
off
again
to
the
left
until
he
hath
brought
them
into
one
straight
File
,
and
then
proceed
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
;
Ranks
,
double
to
the
right
and
left
inward
;
Files
,
double
outward
entire
,
advancing
;
Half-files
of
each
Arms
,
double
your
Ranks
forwards
to
the
left
;
Front
Half-files
,
double
the
Reer
to
the
left
;
Files
,
file
to
the
left
entire
,
advancing
,
and
wheel
about
into
a
Ring
;
then
face
all
to
the
Center
,
and
close
Files
of
each
Arms
to
the
right
and
left
inward
to
close
Order
.
formation
Command
.
Middle-men
in
each
Division
move
backward
,
and
place
your selves
two
foot
behind
your
right
and
left-hand-men
;
face
all
about
to
the
right
,
and
close
Ranks
inward
to
Order
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
let
them
Fire
by
circumduction
after
this
manner
;
let
the
odd
men
of
Pikes
port
;
and
then
the
odd
Muskettier
,
where
the
first
Front
was
,
is
to
give
Fire
,
and
to
move
away
to
the
left
;
and
the
next
odd
man
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
right
,
immediately
comes
stooping
underneath
the
Pikes
into
the
first
mans
place
,
Firing
in
like
manner
,
moving
away
into
the
next
odd
mans
place
of
the
Muskettiers
upon
the
left
;
the
rest
doing
the
same
until
the
Muskettier
come
into
his
place
again
.
Command
.
Face
all
to
the
Center
;
odd
men
move
forwards
and
place
your selves
two
foot
before
the
right
and
left-hand-men
;
after
face
all
to
the
right
about
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
you
may
Fire
likewise
by
way
of
circumduction
:
the
Pikes
porting
all
round
,
and
having
performed
one
Firing
in
this
manner
;
in
the
next
place
,
let
the
odd
Muskettiers
and
Pikes
move
forth
again
,
and
kneel
down
;
the
odd
Pike-men
charging
at
foot
,
the
Muskettiers
may
give
Fire
altogether
;
then
let
them
face
to
the
Center
,
and
let
the
odd
men
move
forwards
,
and
place
themselves
between
the
right
and
left-hand-men
;
then
moving
and
closing
their
ring
,
let
them
face
all
about
to
the
right
:
Then
let
the
Captain
go
where
the
Leader
of
the
File
stands
,
and
wheel
him
about
to
the
left
;
the
rest
following
until
they
be
all
brought
again
into
one
streight
File
.
Command
.
Files
,
file
three
to
the
left
into
the
Front
;
Files
,
double
to
the
right
intire
advancing
;
Front-half-files
,
move
forwards
three
paces
;
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
right
of
each
Division
;
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
intire
into
the
midst
.
The
two
first
and
the
two
last
men
of
Pikes
upon
each
Flank
,
face
inward
;
the
two
Middle-ranks
,
face
outward
;
the
two
last
Ranks
of
Muskettiers
,
face
about
;
march
all
three
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
To
pass
by
the
Firings
which
may
be
performed
upon
this
Figure
,
I
shall
proceed
from
hence
to
draw
another
.
Command
.
The
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
close
inward
to
order
;
Front
and
Reer
Divisions
of
Pikes
,
open
outward
to
double
distance
;
Pikes
,
double
inward
Rank-wise
,
and
they
will
stand
as
followeth
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
Fire
to
the
Front
in
their
several
Divisions
one
after
another
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
off
to
the
right
into
the
Reer
,
the
rest
of
the
Divisions
moving
forward
in
their
room
,
doing
the
like
until
all
have
fired
over
twice
.
Command
.
Muskettiers
,
double
your
Ranks
outward
in
each
Division
,
and
they
will
stand
as
underneath
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
,
as
in
the
former
,
they
may
Fire
likewise
to
the
Front
,
falling
down
into
the
Reer
;
and
after
every
Rank
successively
moving
up
into
the
Front
,
may
Fire
and
fall
off
in
like
manner
:
this
Firing
may
be
done
twice
to
the
Front
;
and
being
faced
to
the
Reer
,
they
may
there
give
Fire
after
this
manner
,
and
after
face
to
their
first
Front
.
Command
.
Muskettiers
,
double
to
the
right
and
left
inward
File-wise
;
middlemost
division
of
Muskettiers
,
face
outward
,
and
march
until
you
have
placed
your selves
in
Front
and
Reer
of
the
outmost
Divisions
of
Pikes
:
The
last
Rank
of
Front
and
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
double
to
the
right
File-wise
,
and
move
forward
until
your
first
men
exceed
two
foot
the
Front
of
each
division
,
which
occasioneth
the
next
Figure
.
formation
It
is
now
high
time
that
we
put
a
period
to
this
Exercise
;
wherefore
let
the
Ensign
unfurl
his
Colours
,
the
Souldiers
shoulder
their
Arms
,
and
the
Drum
beat
a
march
;
upon
which
the
Ensign
being
in
the
midst
may
display
his
Colours
so
long
as
shall
be
convenient
,
and
after
the
Leader
may
proceed
to
their
reducement
,
as
followeth
.
Reducement
.
Middle-file
of
Muskettiers
,
face
about
,
and
march
cleer
of
your
own
Divisions
,
and
double
to
the
left
Rank-wise
;
Muskettiers
,
close
inward
to
order
;
Pikes
,
double
to
the
right
and
left
outward
File-wise
:
Files
,
close
into
the
midst
to
order
;
Ranks
,
close
to
order
;
Pikes
,
move
forward
and
even
your
Front
;
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
interchange
ground
,
they
are
reduced
.
Now
the
Leader
may
command
the
Muskettiers
to
troop
away
,
and
after
he
may
lodge
his
Colours
,
thereby
refreshing
both
himself
and
his
Souldiers
,
until
the
next
summons
by
beat
of
the
Drum
.
CHAP.
XV.
The
fourth
Exercise
,
consisting
of
four
Files
eight
deep
.
THe
Souldiers
upon
the
fourth
summons
coming
unto
the
place
of
Exercise
,
make
fuller
appearance
then
before
,
insomuch
that
their
Files
are
drawn
forth
eight
deep
;
the
Leaders
thereof
having
spent
some
time
in
exercising
them
in
each
particular
posture
,
are
called
upon
to
joyn
into
a
body
;
where
their
Leader
stands
,
bethinking
of
himself
what
new
matter
he
should
delight
them
with
,
there
being
sufficient
in
any
one
particular
motion
for
their
Exercise
,
pitches
for
present
to
spend
his
chiefest
time
in
motions
upon
facing
,
continuing
longer
in
them
,
in
respect
of
the
several
Figures
of
Battail
demonstrated
by
them
.
Now
for
the
more
ready
performance
thereof
,
I
shall
onely
give
the
several
words
of
command
for
each
particular
Figure
which
may
be
drawn
from
these
facings
,
referring
the
Reader
to
the
Figures
themselves
,
where
I
shall
have
occasion
to
make
use
of
them
upon
Firings
,
which
shall
be
made
known
unto
him
by
Alphabetical
letters
,
pointing
from
each
facing
to
the
Figure
it
produceth
.
To
come
briefly
to
the
exercise
in
hand
,
silence
being
craved
,
and
Ranks
and
Files
closed
to
order
,
the
Leader
may
proceed
to
these
or
the
like
particular
facings
,
producing
eighteen
Figures
of
Battail
Alphabetically
set
forth
,
with
their
reducements
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
front
to
the
left
.
Direction
.
Files
,
open
from
the
right
to
open
order
;
Half-files
,
advance
your
Arms
,
and
move
forward
to
the
left
,
and
double
the
Front
.
Command
.
Files
,
open
from
the
midst
to
open
order
;
Muskettiers
,
close
outward
to
close
order
;
the
inmost
Files
of
Pikes
,
close
outward
to
close
order
;
Ranks
,
close
to
Front
and
Reer
to
order
,
and
they
will
stand
in
eight
Divisions
.
formation
Command
.
Reer-division
of
Pikes
,
face
about
;
Muskettiers
,
face
outward
,
move
all
three
paces
,
to
your
Leader
;
pointeth
to
the
first
Figure
marked
by
the
Alphabetical
letter
A.
Command
.
Muskettiers
,
face
inward
;
Division
of
Pikes
,
face
outward
,
march
all
until
the
Pikes
are
cleer
three
foot
of
the
Muskettiers
,
to
your
Leader
:
this
forms
the
Figure
demonstrated
unto
you
by
the
Alphabetical
B.
Command
.
Reer-division
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
left
;
face
about
to
the
right
;
Reer-division
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
right
,
face
to
the
right
:
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
left
,
face
to
the
left
;
Divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
to
the
Center
;
move
all
until
your
Muskettiers
be
cleer
three
foot
of
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
;
then
let
them
stand
,
and
face
the
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
to
the
left
,
and
the
Division
of
Pikes
to
face
about
to
the
right
,
and
to
move
all
two
paces
;
then
face
all
to
the
Center
,
and
close
their
Divisions
a
little
;
after
face
to
their
Leader
C.
Command
.
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
stand
;
the
rest
,
face
to
the
Reer
,
march
all
until
your
Reer-division
range
even
abrest
with
those
upon
the
Flanks
;
to
your
Leader
D.
Command
.
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
outward
,
march
all
until
the
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
be
cleer
of
the
outmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
then
let
the
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
face
to
the
Front
;
the
rest
face
to
the
Reer
,
march
all
three
paces
;
to
your
Leader
E
Command
.
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
midst
,
face
about
;
march
all
until
the
Middle-division
of
Muskettiers
range
even
with
the
Reer
;
to
your
Leader
F.
Command
.
Front-divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
to
the
outward
Angles
:
Reer-division
of
Pikes
,
face
about
,
and
after
face
to
inward
Angles
of
the
Reer
:
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
to
your
inward
Angles
:
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
,
face
about
;
as
you
are
now
faced
,
move
all
some
three
paces
to
your
Leader
G.
Command
.
Muskettiers
,
face
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
;
Divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
to
the
Center
;
march
all
until
you
be
even
abrest
in
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
;
to
your
Leader
H.
Command
.
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
about
;
the
outmost
Divisions
,
face
inward
;
Divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
to
the
Center
;
march
all
three
paces
;
to
your
Leader
I.
Command
.
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
left
in
the
midst
,
and
the
three
last
Divisions
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
,
to
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
move
three
paces
,
and
stand
;
Middle-divisions
,
face
to
the
left
;
and
the
rest
face
to
the
right
,
and
move
three
paces
;
to
your
Leader
K.
Command
.
The
four
last
Divisions
,
face
to
the
left
;
the
four
first
Divisions
,
face
to
the
right
;
move
all
until
you
be
cleer
one
of
another
;
then
face
to
the
right
,
and
march
until
you
range
even
abrest
in
Front
and
Reer
;
face
to
your
Leader
L.
Command
.
The
two
inmost
Divisions
of
Pikes
,
stand
;
the
rest
face
inward
;
march
all
until
the
Middle-divisions
be
three
foot
cleer
of
the
Front
;
to
your
Leader
M.
Command
.
Front-divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
outward
;
the
rest
,
face
outward
;
march
all
until
the
Front-divisions
range
even
with
the
outmost
Divisions
of
Pikes
;
face
your
Leader
N.
Command
.
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
outward
;
the
rest
,
face
inward
;
march
all
until
the
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
are
cleer
of
the
Pikes
;
then
stand
,
and
the
six
last
Divisions
to
face
about
,
and
move
three
paces
;
to
your
Leader
O.
Command
.
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
outward
;
march
all
some
six
paces
;
Reer-division
of
Muskettiers
,
face
to
the
Front
;
the
rest
,
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
move
until
the
Reer-divisions
range
even
abrest
with
the
Front
;
to
your
Leader
P.
Command
.
Front-division
of
Pikes
upon
the
left
,
face
about
;
march
all
until
that
Division
be
six
foot
cleer
of
the
Reer
;
then
stand
,
and
Front
and
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
to
the
left
,
and
move
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
Q.
Command
.
Front-division
of
Pikes
,
face
about
;
march
all
until
the
Front-division
of
Pikes
range
even
abrest
with
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
;
to
your
Leader
R.
Command
.
The
two
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
about
;
outmost
divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
outward
;
move
all
until
the
outmost
Muskettiers
stand
streight
with
the
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
;
then
face
to
your
Learder
S.
Reducement
.
Divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
inward
;
the
three
last
Divisions
,
face
about
:
march
all
some
six
paces
;
Front
and
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
to
the
left
:
Muskettiers
,
face
about
;
move
all
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
:
Divisions
,
move
forwards
,
and
double
your
Front
;
close
Files
inward
to
order
,
and
Ranks
forward
to
order
;
double
Files
to
the
left
intire
advancing
,
reduceth
them
.
Thus
much
,
I
conceive
may
be
sufficient
at
one
time
for
a
Leader
to
exercise
his
Company
with
the
motions
upon
their
Facings
,
so
that
he
shall
not
need
to
trouble
himself
with
any
more
then
Firings
:
Where
first
,
as
is
most
properest
,
we
will
begin
with
some
plain
Firings
to
the
Front
;
for
the
performance
whereof
,
let
the
Half-files
double
their
Front
to
the
left
;
and
Ranks
and
Files
,
close
forwards
and
inward
to
order
.
The
first
firing
.
Let
them
Fire
by
Divisions
drawn
forth
ten
or
twentie
paces
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
close
their
Divisions
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
and
give
Fire
,
and
fall
all
off
upon
the
right
Flank
.
The
third
firing
The
Body
moving
or
marching
,
let
the
outmost
Files
face
to
the
right
,
and
give
Fire
,
and
lead
away
by
the
contrary
side
of
their
Pikes
,
by
the
Leaders
of
the
File
;
the
next
File
may
do
the
same
,
and
consequently
all
the
rest
until
all
have
Fired
;
then
let
them
face
to
the
right
;
the
Pikes
in
the
interim
charging
on
whilst
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
the
Pikes
open
from
the
midst
,
that
the
Muskettiers
may
come
up
between
them
:
two
Ranks
may
kneel
down
,
and
the
other
two
stand
upright
,
and
Fire
altogether
;
the
Pikes
then
charging
,
and
after
retreating
,
they
may
close
again
into
the
midst
,
continuing
their
Aspects
to
the
right
Flank
;
the
Pikes
may
port
,
and
the
Muskettiers
may
slieve
up
upon
the
right
and
left
of
the
Pikes
;
the
first
Rank
giving
Fire
,
and
presently
falling
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
;
the
next
Rank
doing
the
same
,
falling
still
behind
their
own
Muskettiers
,
and
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
as
they
are
then
faced
;
and
having
all
Fired
after
that
manner
,
they
may
Fire
again
,
and
flank
their
Pikes
;
then
facing
to
Front
and
Reer
,
they
may
give
Fire
to
both
places
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
Flank
their
pikes
from
Front
and
Reer
;
and
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
open
outward
to
open
order
;
Muskettiers
,
close
outward
to
order
,
the
inmost
Files
of
pikes
,
close
outward
to
order
;
Ranks
,
close
to
Front
and
Reer
to
order
;
Reer-divisions
of
pikes
,
face
about
;
Muskettiers
,
face
outward
;
move
all
three
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
And
now
you
have
the
Figure
of
battail
pointed
out
in
the
first
place
unto
you
by
the
Alphabet
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
them
Fire
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
off
to
the
right
into
the
place
of
those
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
,
they
at
the
same
time
moving
up
into
the
Front
,
firing
in
like
manner
,
and
moving
down
into
their
places
again
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Reer-divisions
face
about
;
and
after
let
them
give
Fire
both
to
Front
and
Reer
;
and
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
the
Pikes
may
charge
while
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
:
they
may
Fire
a
second
time
in
the
same
manner
.
The
third
firing
.
Face
all
to
both
Flanks
;
then
let
them
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
the
Pikes
after
charging
on
three
paces
,
and
the
Muskettiers
retreating
three
paces
;
after
facing
to
their
Leader
,
produceth
this
Figure
following
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
two
first
Divisions
advance
three
paces
before
the
Front
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
after
move
down
into
the
places
of
them
in
the
Reer
;
they
at
the
same
time
moving
up
into
their
rooms
,
giving
Fire
,
in
like
manner
falling
down
into
their
places
again
:
this
may
be
perform'd
twice
over
;
after
face
them
to
Front
and
Reer
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
give
Fire
,
their
Divisions
advancing
three
paces
before
the
Front
and
Reer
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
the
Pikes
charging
on
,
and
the
Muskettiers
retreating
into
their
places
again
,
facing
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Reer-division
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
left
,
face
about
;
Reer-division
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
right
,
face
to
the
right
;
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
left
,
face
to
the
left
:
Muskettiers
,
march
all
cleer
of
the
Pikes
,
then
stand
;
after
face
them
in
their
several
Divisions
to
the
left
,
and
move
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
If
you
finde
by
the
words
of
Command
given
to
make
the
former
Figure
,
that
your
Divisions
stand
too
thin
;
you
may
face
them
all
to
the
Center
,
and
move
forward
every
Division
two
or
three
paces
;
then
face
to
their
Leader
.
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
after
wheel
off
to
the
right
into
the
room
or
place
of
them
in
the
Reer
;
they
at
the
same
time
moving
up
into
the
Front
,
Firing
and
falling
off
in
like
manner
:
this
Firing
may
be
performed
twice
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
upon
the
Wings
advance
forward
three
paces
;
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
after
face
about
,
and
move
into
their
places
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
the
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
move
to
the
right
two
paces
;
Reer-division
,
move
up
upon
the
left
of
them
;
then
let
them
all
both
in
Front
and
Reer
give
Fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
the
Pikes
after
closing
forward
,
their
Divisions
may
charge
on
,
and
after
retreating
into
their
places
again
,
the
Division
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
left
in
the
Front
in
the
mean
space
facing
about
,
and
moving
down
into
their
places
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
face
to
the
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
;
the
Pikes
,
face
to
the
outward
Angles
of
Front
and
Reer
,
and
Port
;
then
let
them
give
Fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
:
Pikes
may
charge
on
to
the
four
Angles
;
then
ordering
all
their
Arms
,
move
the
Reer-division
of
Muskettiers
forward
even
with
them
of
the
Wings
;
then
face
all
to
their
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
first
division
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
after
face
about
,
and
move
down
into
the
Middle-rank
of
Muskettiers
;
they
at
the
same
time
marching
up
into
their
ground
,
Firing
,
and
falling
off
in
like
manner
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
upon
the
Wings
advance
forward
,
even
abrest
with
those
in
the
Front
,
and
Fire
altogether
;
the
three
Divisions
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
after
the
outmost
Divisions
facing
about
,
and
moving
into
their
places
again
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
the
Front-Division
of
Muskettiers
face
about
,
move
down
,
and
double
the
middlemost
by
division
;
after
let
the
Muskettiers
face
outward
,
and
move
three
paces
,
and
give
Fire
to
both
the
Flanks
,
falling
off
to
the
right
and
left
;
the
middle-divisions
making
good
their
ground
,
and
firing
in
like
manner
,
falling
off
.
Having
Fired
twice
over
to
both
the
Flanks
,
face
them
to
their
Leader
,
and
draw
forth
the
outmost
Files
of
Muskettiers
of
the
middle-division
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
and
close
their
Files
inward
to
Order
.
Command
.
Reer-division
of
Pikes
,
face
outward
,
and
move
two
foot
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
first
division
of
Muskettiers
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
after
wheel
about
,
and
fall
in
the
midst
of
the
Reer
,
and
range
even
abrest
between
the
outmost
divisions
of
Pikes
;
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
three
other
divisions
advance
forwards
altogether
three
foot
before
the
Front
,
and
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
the
Pikes
charge
on
,
and
the
Muskettiers
still
preserving
their
ground
,
making
ready
again
whilst
the
Pikes
retreat
into
their
places
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
them
give
Fire
again
in
like
manner
;
the
Pikes
charging
on
,
and
retreating
as
before
;
then
let
the
last
divisions
of
Pikes
move
inward
in
a
streight
line
with
the
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Front
,
and
they
will
stand
as
followeth
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
them
give
Fire
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
:
this
may
be
performed
twice
;
then
face
to
the
Front
and
Reer
;
the
last
Rank
of
the
middle-division
is
to
face
about
;
the
first
Rank
are
to
continue
their
Aspects
unto
the
Front
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Pikes
port
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
the
Muskettiers
give
Fire
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
after
the
Pikes
may
charge
on
,
and
retreat
again
:
they
may
continue
this
Figure
twice
,
the
Pikes
charging
;
and
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
about
,
and
move
three
paces
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
;
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
about
,
and
move
down
into
the
midst
,
as
before
,
interchanging
ground
with
the
Reer-division
of
Muskettiers
:
the
two
last
Divisions
of
Pikes
move
outward
,
until
they
be
two
foot
clear
of
the
next
range
of
Muskettiers
;
middle
Division
of
Muskettiers
move
backward
even
with
the
Reer
Division
of
Muskettiers
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
face
the
three
last
Divisions
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
to
the
right
about
,
and
let
them
give
fire
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
the
Pikes
may
afterwards
charge
on
to
Front
and
Reer
:
and
retreat
back
again
into
their
first
places
;
they
may
perform
this
firing
twice
,
the
Pikes
likewise
charging
up
before
,
and
retreating
into
their
places
again
;
face
all
to
their
Leader
.
And
now
it
will
be
expedient
,
having
almost
tired
the
Muskettiers
with
these
several
Firings
,
to
end
our
fourth
Exercise
,
and
lodge
the
Colours
;
but
first
we
will
reduce
them
.
Reducement
.
The
outmost
Division
of
Muskettiers
on
the
right
,
move
forward
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
them
in
the
Front
:
Reer
Division
of
Muskettiers
move
forward
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
left
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
then
let
them
move
straight
forwards
and
joyn
with
them
in
the
Front
,
and
close
the
Pikes
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
and
their
Ranks
forward
to
Order
;
let
the
Pikes
double
the
Front
inward
entire
,
and
after
Files
to
double
to
the
left
entire
,
advancing
,
closing
Files
inward
to
Order
;
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
XVI
.
The
Fifth
Exercise
,
with
four
Files
Eight
deep
.
THe
Souldiers
having
made
timely
appearance
according
to
the
Drums
summoning
unto
such
places
as
was
appointed
by
their
Commander
,
and
being
by
the
Serjeants
drawn
forth
into
Files
,
the
Leaders
thereof
being
permitted
to
instruct
and
teach
their
Files
the
Postures
,
and
handsome
handling
of
their
Arms
,
are
forthwith
by
warning
of
the
Drum
to
lead
up
their
Files
,
and
being
joyn'd
in
a
Body
,
according
to
the
discretion
of
the
Superior
Officers
,
do
there
stand
,
silently
expecting
what
will
follow
.
The
Captain
,
or
other
that
shall
Exercise
them
,
first
commands
the
Bringers-up
to
double
their
Front
to
the
left
,
and
after
appoints
one
of
the
Serjeants
to
fetch
the
Colours
;
to
which
purpose
he
draws
off
the
two
inmost
Files
of
Pikes
;
and
advancing
their
Arms
,
the
Drum
beating
a
troop
,
they
may
move
away
,
and
bring
them
to
the
Company
,
being
led
thither
by
the
Ensign
,
the
Serjeant
falling
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
;
and
they
falling
into
their
places
again
,
they
may
be
commanded
,
Files
to
double
their
depth
to
the
right
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
.
Now
the
former
days
Exercise
being
chiefly
spent
in
the
Motions
by
several
Firings
,
they
may
be
spar'd
in
this
,
and
in
lieu
thereof
the
Leader
may
out
of
the
former
plain
Doublings
collect
one
that
may
continue
long
in
exercise
before
reduced
,
and
in
this
Exercise
he
shall
not
need
to
trouble
himself
with
Counter-marches
or
Wheelings
,
but
fall
immediately
alone
upon
the
Motions
with
this
Doubling
or
the
like
,
as
followeth
.
CHAP.
XVII
.
Thirty
several
Doublings
,
with
their
Reducements
.
Command
.
HAlf-files
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
entire
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
right
and
left
outward
.
Direction
.
Half-files
advance
your
Arms
,
and
move
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
double
the
Front
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
outward
entire
,
advancing
.
Direction
.
Even
files
from
the
Flanks
move
forward
and
double
the
odd
,
and
after
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
right
entire
.
Command
.
Right
Half-ranks
double
the
left
Flank
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
left
,
right
half-ranks
move
forward
,
and
double
the
left
Flank
to
the
right
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
right
entire
.
Command
.
Right
half-ranks
double
your
left
Flank
entire
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
inward
entire
.
Command
Left
half-ranks
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
left
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
right
,
left
half-ranks
advance
your
Arms
,
and
move
forward
to
the
left
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
left
entire
.
Command
.
Left
half-ranks
double
your
right
Flank
entire
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
inward
entire
.
Direction
.
Front
half-files
face
outward
,
and
march
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
to
your
Leader
;
half-files
move
forward
,
and
double
the
Front
inward
entire
.
Command
.
Right
half-ranks
double
entire
the
depth
of
the
left
Flank
.
Direction
.
Left
half-ranks
stand
,
right
half-ranks
face
about
,
and
march
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
then
face
to
the
right
,
and
move
forward
even
with
the
left
Flank
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
half-files
double
the
Reer
to
the
left
entire
.
Direction
.
Front
half-files
face
to
the
right
,
march
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
face
all
to
the
Reer
;
Front
half-files
move
down
,
and
double
the
Reer
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Right
half-ranks
double
your
left
Flank
to
the
left
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
left
right
;
half-ranks
move
forward
,
and
double
the
left
Flank
to
the
left
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
left
entire
into
the
Reer
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
Reer
,
and
every
even
Rank
from
the
Reer
move
forth
,
and
double
the
odd
;
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
forward
to
Order
.
Command
.
The
two
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
double
entire
,
advancing
the
four
inmost
Files
.
Command
.
Front
half-files
double
the
Reer
to
the
right
entire
.
Command
.
Right
half-ranks
double
your
left
Flank
inward
entire
.
Direction
.
Half-files
of
the
left
half-ranks
face
about
;
left
half-ranks
move
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
face
all
to
the
left
:
right
half-ranks
move
forwards
,
and
double
the
left
Flank
inward
entire
.
Command
.
The
four
middle
ranks
double
your
Front
and
Reer
inward
entire
.
Direction
.
Half-files
face
about
,
the
two
first
and
the
two
last
Ranks
open
outward
,
until
you
be
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
then
the
four
middle
Ranks
move
forward
two
to
the
Front
and
two
to
the
Reer
,
doubling
entire
to
both
places
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
your
Divisions
.
Command
.
The
two
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
,
double
the
four
middlemost
Files
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Half-files
of
the
two
outmost
Files
face
about
,
outmost
Files
move
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
then
close
inward
to
Order
,
and
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
two
first
,
and
the
two
last
Ranks
double
the
four
middlemost
Ranks
inward
entire
.
Direction
.
The
four
middle
Ranks
face
outward
,
and
move
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
then
face
to
your
Leader
:
the
two
first
Ranks
face
about
,
move
forward
with
the
two
last
,
doubling
the
middlemost
inward
entire
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
four
inmost
Files
double
entire
,
advancing
the
two
outmost
Files
.
Direction
.
The
two
outmost
Files
stand
,
the
inmost
Files
move
forward
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
then
face
outward
,
and
move
straight
with
the
outmost
Files
;
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
.
Command
.
Front
half-files
double
the
Reer
by
Division
.
Direction
.
The
four
middle
Files
double
the
two
outmost
Files
inward
entire
.
Direction
.
Half-files
of
the
two
outmost
Files
face
about
,
outmost
files
move
forward
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
face
all
to
the
right
and
left
outward
;
inmost
Files
move
forward
,
and
double
the
outmost
inward
entire
;
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
.
Command
.
Front
half-files
double
your
Reer
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Files
,
double
your
Depth
to
the
right
.
Command
.
The
two
first
and
the
two
last
Ranks
double
the
four
middle
Ranks
by
Division
.
Direction
.
The
two
first
and
the
two
last
Ranks
face
outward
,
and
march
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
then
face
inward
,
and
move
forward
,
doubling
the
inmost
Files
by
Division
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
two
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
double
entire
the
Depth
of
the
four
inmost
Files
,
reduceth
.
CHAP.
XVIII
.
Plain
Firings
and
Figures
of
Battail
.
HAving
passed
over
these
Motions
of
Doublings
,
in
the
next
place
we
will
proceed
to
Firings
;
command
therefore
Files
to
open
from
the
midst
to
open
Order
,
and
after
let
the
Bringers-up
double
the
Front
to
the
left
.
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
even
in
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
first
Rank
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
between
the
Pikes
,
every
Rank
doing
the
same
until
all
have
fired
;
then
let
the
first
Rank
move
forth
by
Division
,
give
fire
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
again
,
every
rank
doing
the
same
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
them
face
to
both
Flanks
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
flank
their
Pikes
to
Front
and
Reer
:
the
Pikes
may
now
port
,
and
move
all
forward
three
paces
;
the
Muskettiers
may
give
fire
again
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
,
the
Pikes
charging
on
,
and
after
retreating
to
their
first
ground
may
charge
at
foot
,
and
the
Muskettiers
may
give
fire
by
two
Ranks
all
together
over
their
heads
;
after
recovering
their
Arms
,
let
them
face
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
let
the
Muskettiers
move
forth
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
then
stand
and
give
fire
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
flank
the
Pikes
,
who
after
may
charge
on
to
Front
and
Reer
;
then
retreating
,
face
all
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Half-files
of
Pikes
face
about
,
Muskettiers
face
outward
,
march
all
three
paces
;
Pikes
face
to
the
right
and
left
;
Muskettiers
face
about
to
the
right
,
march
all
three
paces
;
then
let
the
last
Rank
face
about
,
the
first
and
the
last
Rank
double
File-wise
inward
,
advancing
;
Pikes
face
to
the
outward
Angles
of
Front
and
Reer
;
Muskettiers
face
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
and
move
all
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
fire
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
after
wheel
off
to
the
Right
,
moving
down
into
the
place
of
the
Reer
Division
,
who
may
at
the
same
time
move
forward
into
their
ground
,
and
fire
in
like
manner
,
wheeling
off
as
the
former
did
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
two
outmost
Divisions
move
forward
into
the
Front
,
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
after
move
down
into
their
places
.
The
third
firing
.
Face
all
to
the
Reer
,
and
let
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
there
in
the
same
manner
as
they
did
to
the
Front
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
face
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
and
the
Pikes
face
to
the
outward
Angles
of
Front
and
Reer
,
then
let
the
Muskettiers
move
forth
three
foot
clear
of
the
Pikes
,
and
fire
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
and
fall
in
the
reer
of
themselves
,
after
facing
about
,
move
into
their
places
again
.
The
fifth
firing
.
Let
them
face
as
before
,
and
give
fire
on
the
same
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
on
,
and
retreat
into
their
places
again
.
Command
.
Muskettiers
move
forth
,
and
range
even
abrest
with
the
Pikes
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
,
and
they
will
stand
in
a
square
as
followeth
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Upon
this
Figure
as
they
are
faced
to
Front
,
Reer
and
both
Flanks
,
and
the
Pikes
to
the
outward
Angles
of
Front
and
Reer
,
it
will
be
best
to
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
to
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
to
the
four
Angles
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
double
their
Ranks
outward
,
and
give
fire
;
after
face
about
and
move
three
paces
into
the
midst
of
Pikes
,
and
having
made
ready
again
,
let
them
face
about
,
and
move
forward
and
fire
as
they
did
before
,
and
after
dismount
their
Muskets
,
taking
them
in
both
hands
,
they
may
,
as
occasion
shall
require
,
make
use
of
the
Butt
end
thereof
against
the
Horse
,
and
the
Pikes
may
stand
upon
their
charge
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
double
inward
File-wise
,
the
Pikes
keep
their
Aspects
to
the
four
Angles
,
the
Musketttiers
,
as
before
,
may
give
Fire
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
and
fall
in
the
reer
of
those
Pikes
next
their
right
hand
;
and
having
their
Aspects
unto
the
same
Angles
,
they
may
fire
there
,
if
they
please
,
by
way
of
Extraduction
,
and
move
forth
to
the
left
into
their
places
again
;
then
let
the
Pikes
face
to
the
Front
,
and
Muskettiers
upon
the
wings
face
about
to
the
right
,
and
Muskettiers
move
forward
three
paces
;
face
to
your
Leader
forms
the
following
Figure
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
first
Division
give
fire
together
,
and
wheel
off
into
the
Reer
,
the
next
two
Divisions
moving
forward
into
their
ground
,
giving
fire
all
together
,
and
wheeling
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
Reer
,
the
rest
still
moving
forward
until
the
Reer-division
is
likewise
come
up
into
the
Front
,
and
gives
fire
in
like
manner
,
and
falling
off
to
the
right
into
his
first
place
again
;
this
firing
may
be
continued
twice
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
give
fire
all
together
to
the
Front
after
this
manner
;
let
the
middle
Divisions
move
forth
to
the
right
and
left
clear
of
the
Pikes
,
the
Reer-division
at
the
same
time
moving
forward
upon
the
outside
of
those
in
the
Front
,
and
give
fire
and
move
into
their
places
again
,
making
ready
whilest
the
Pikes
close
forward
,
and
charge
on
five
or
six
paces
,
they
may
retreat
again
into
their
places
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
them
face
all
to
the
Reer
,
and
fire
after
this
manner
,
the
first
Division
kneel
down
,
the
middle
Divisions
move
forth
clear
of
the
Pikes
;
the
Front-division
marching
down
into
the
Reer
,
may
give
fire
all
together
,
the
outmost
Division
and
the
Front-division
over
the
heads
of
them
in
the
Reer
,
and
move
in
,
and
back
again
into
their
places
;
then
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
The
outmost
Division
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
left
in
the
midst
,
and
the
three
last
Divisions
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
face
about
;
march
all
three
paces
,
and
stand
:
Middle
Divisions
face
to
the
left
,
and
move
two
paces
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
:
Divisions
of
Pikes
face
inward
;
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
,
and
the
second
from
the
Reer
face
about
,
and
move
little
,
and
close
your
Divisions
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
first
Division
give
fire
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
then
wheel
down
into
the
Reer
,
the
other
Divisions
successively
moving
up
into
the
Front
,
and
firing
in
like
manner
;
this
firing
may
be
continued
twice
over
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
double
their
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
give
fire
in
single
Ranks
as
they
did
before
,
until
all
have
fired
twice
over
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
them
double
their
Files
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
and
the
Reer
Divisions
to
face
about
,
then
let
them
give
fire
both
to
Front
and
Reer
,
falling
first
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
after
to
wheel
off
into
the
midst
,
and
facing
to
Front
and
Reer
,
the
middle
Divisions
may
move
forth
into
their
ground
,
firing
in
like
manner
;
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
whilest
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
,
and
after
retreating
into
their
places
,
they
may
continue
their
firing
,
as
formerly
,
the
Pikes
charging
on
as
before
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
each
Division
of
Muskettiers
double
Ranks
outward
,
and
fire
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
to
wheel
off
in
one
single
rank
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
rank
again
in
the
midst
,
and
after
double
inward
File-wise
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
The
four
last
Divisions
face
to
the
left
,
the
four
first
Divisions
face
to
the
right
;
march
all
until
you
be
clear
one
of
another
;
then
face
to
the
right
,
and
move
until
you
be
even
abrest
in
Front
and
Reer
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
first
Divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
after
wheeling
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
Reer
,
they
at
the
same
time
moving
forwards
into
their
places
,
firing
and
falling
off
in
like
manner
;
they
may
perform
the
same
firing
to
the
Reer
,
being
thither
faced
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Reer-Divisions
move
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
then
face
to
the
Front
,
move
up
even
abrest
with
the
Front-Divisions
,
and
let
every
Division
fire
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
the
Pikes
may
charge
,
and
after
both
they
and
the
outmost
Divisions
may
move
down
into
their
places
.
Command
.
The
inmost
Divisions
of
Pikes
advance
forward
three
foot
before
the
Front
,
the
rest
face
inward
,
and
move
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
let
the
first
Ranks
of
the
Front-Division
fire
,
and
fall
behind
the
Front-Divisions
of
Pikes
;
the
next
rank
may
fire
and
fall
behind
the
first
,
then
let
the
Reer-division
move
up
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
reer
of
themselves
;
and
after
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
moving
down
clear
of
the
reer
,
and
facing
again
unto
their
Leader
:
then
they
may
fire
a
second
time
in
the
same
way
,
the
Front-divisions
moving
forth
and
firing
first
,
and
falling
behind
the
Pikes
,
the
reer-divisions
coming
up
into
their
places
,
firing
and
falling
off
again
by
wheeling
about
inward
,
until
they
be
clear
three
foot
of
the
reer
;
then
facing
to
their
Leader
,
they
will
stand
as
followeth
,
where
the
Ensign
may
display
his
Colours
,
if
the
Leader
pleaseth
to
march
upon
it
.
formation
Having
now
spent
much
time
in
these
particular
Firings
,
it
will
be
convenient
to
give
the
Souldiers
some
respit
to
refresh
their
almost
tired
spirits
,
that
they
may
more
chearfully
appear
upon
the
next
summons
of
the
Drum
;
and
therefore
we
will
conclude
this
Exercise
,
and
prepare
for
the
lodging
of
the
Colours
.
Reducement
.
Reer-Divisions
of
Pikes
move
straight
forward
,
until
you
range
even
abrest
with
the
Front-Divisions
of
Pikes
;
Reer-Divisions
of
Muskettiers
move
forward
,
and
range
inward
even
abrest
with
the
Front-Divisions
;
Files
,
close
into
the
midst
to
Order
;
Front
and
Reer
half-files
,
open
from
the
midst
to
double
distance
;
the
four
inmost
Files
of
Front
and
Reer
half-files
face
inward
and
interchange
ground
;
then
let
each
two
Files
of
Pikes
close
outward
to
Order
,
and
after
to
double
their
Divisions
to
the
right
File-wise
,
and
to
close
Files
to
the
left
to
Order
;
the
two
outmost
Files
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
right
double
Ranks
inward
,
and
lead
them
away
before
the
left
half-ranks
of
Muskettiers
;
the
next
two
Files
double
Ranks
outward
,
and
lead
them
away
behind
the
Reer
by
first
facing
them
about
;
Pikes
face
to
the
left
,
and
move
straight
before
the
Muskettiers
,
and
then
double
the
Reer
inward
entire
;
after
Files
to
double
their
Depth
to
the
right
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
;
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
XVIII
.
The
Sixth
Exercise
,
with
four
Files
eight
deep
.
THe
Souldiers
being
met
at
the
place
appointed
,
and
their
Files
being
drawn
forth
according
to
the
usual
custom
,
the
Leaders
being
to
shew
each
Souldier
how
to
handle
and
use
his
Arms
,
and
after
leads
up
their
Files
,
and
joyns
them
into
a
Body
,
where
the
Commander
having
sent
for
his
Colours
,
stands
at
the
head
of
them
,
commanding
their
silence
and
attention
to
the
words
of
Command
.
Now
having
in
his
former
Exercise
spent
most
of
the
time
upon
plain
Doublings
,
he
may
in
this
shew
unto
them
the
great
variety
of
Doublings
by
Counter-marches
;
and
although
they
are
very
difficult
,
yet
they
will
afford
much
delight
and
content
unto
the
Souldiers
.
GHAP.
XIX
.
Thirty
Doublings
by
Counter-marches
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
BRingers-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
entire
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
half-files
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
following
your
Leaders
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
outward
entire
,
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
,
double
your
front
to
the
right
and
left
inward
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
inward
entire
,
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
half-files
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
and
left
inwards
,
following
your
Leaders
.
Command
.
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
following
your
Bringers-up
.
Command
.
Double
your
files
to
the
right
by
Division
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
and
his
Bringer-up
.
Direction
.
Half-files
of
the
even
files
from
the
right
,
face
about
;
even
files
advance
forward
,
and
double
the
odd
according
to
command
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
four
first
,
and
the
four
last
Ranks
,
double
the
eight
middlemost
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
following
your
Leaders
&
your
Bringers-up
.
Direction
.
The
four
first
,
and
the
four
last
Ranks
advance
your
Arms
,
and
the
File-leaders
and
the
Bringers-up
begin
the
Motion
,
the
rest
are
to
follow
;
after
order
their
Arms
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Double
your
files
to
the
left
by
Division
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
and
his
Bringer-up
.
Direction
.
The
eight
middle
ranks
double
your
Front
and
Reer
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
following
the
Half-file-leaders
,
and
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Front
half-files
.
Direction
.
The
four
last
ranks
of
the
Front
and
Reer
half-files
face
about
:
the
middle
are
to
begin
this
Motion
,
and
to
advance
their
Arms
,
and
to
turn
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
every
rank
following
them
until
they
have
doubled
the
Front
and
Reer
:
then
face
all
to
the
Front
,
order
their
Arms
,
and
close
their
Divisions
forward
to
open
Order
.
Command
.
Double
your
files
inward
by
Division
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
and
his
Bringer-up
.
Direction
.
Half-files
of
the
outmost
Files
face
about
,
the
outmost
Files
advance
your
Arms
and
move
forward
,
placing
your selves
before
your
Leaders
and
your
Bringers
up
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
order
your
Arms.
Command
.
The
four
first
,
and
the
four
last
Ranks
,
double
the
eight
middlemost
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
following
your
Leaders
and
your
Bringers-up
.
Direction
.
The
four
first
,
and
the
four
last
Ranks
,
advance
your
Arms
,
and
move
away
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
double
the
eight
middlemost
Ranks
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
half-files
,
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
,
following
your
Leaders
.
Command
.
Files
,
double
your
Depth
to
the
right
,
every
man
placing
himself
behind
his
Bringer-up
.
Command
.
Right
half-ranks
,
double
your
left
Flank
to
the
right
,
following
your
right-hand-men
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
,
and
right
half-ranks
turn
off
to
the
left
,
and
double
the
left
Flank
to
the
right
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
right
entire
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right-hand-man
.
Command
.
Left
half-ranks
,
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
left
,
following
your
left-hand-men
.
Command
.
Double
your
ranks
to
the
left
entire
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
left-hand-man
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
by
Division
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
left-hand-man
.
Command
.
The
inmost
Files
double
the
outmost
Files
,
placing
yourselves
on
the
outside
of
your
right
and
left-hand-men
.
Direction
.
The
inmost
Files
advance
your
Arms
,
face
outward
,
and
move
forward
,
and
double
the
outmost
Files
,
placing
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
right
and
left-hand-men
;
order
your
Arms
,
and
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
open
Order
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
by
division
into
the
Reer
.
Command
.
The
two
outmost
Files
,
double
the
four
inmost
by
following
of
your
outside-men
.
Direction
.
The
inmost
Files
,
face
inward
;
the
rest
face
outward
,
and
turn
off
to
the
right
and
left
toward
the
Reer
;
and
double
the
four
inmost
Files
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
by
Division
into
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
;
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
.
Direction
.
The
two
last
Ranks
of
the
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
face
about
;
even
Ranks
from
the
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
;
advance
your
Arms
,
and
face
outward
,
and
move
forth
,
and
double
the
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Midst
of
Ranks
,
placing
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
right
and
left-hand-men
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Ranks
forward
to
open
Order
.
Command
.
Double
your
two
outmost
Files
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
Midst
,
following
of
the
inmost
Files
.
Direction
.
The
two
outmost
Files
,
face
outward
;
the
rest
face
inward
;
and
Front
and
Reer-half-files
distinctly
turn
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
double
the
outmost
Files
to
the
right
and
left
outward
;
and
Midst
following
of
the
inmost
Files
;
to
your
Leader
:
Files
,
close
into
the
midst
to
Order
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
intire
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Command
.
File-leaders
,
double
your
Reer
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
intire
into
the
Reer
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Bringer-up
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
Reer
,
and
even
Files
from
the
left
;
advance
your
Arms
,
and
move
forward
,
and
double
the
odd
,
placing
your selves
before
your
Bringers-up
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
left
,
following
your
Bringers-up
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
,
they
are
reduced
as
at
first
.
CHAP.
XX.
Plain
Firings
,
and
Figures
of
Battail
.
HAving
spent
so
much
time
upon
these
Doublings
by
Counter-marches
,
in
the
next
place
I
shall
proceed
to
Firings
,
and
several
Figures
of
Battail
;
where
first
command
the
Half-files
to
double
the
Front
to
the
left
,
and
then
go
on
to
your
Firings
.
The
first
firing
.
Let
them
fire
even
with
the
Front
,
and
fall
off
,
and
Rank
even
with
the
Half-files
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
on
,
and
the
Muskettiers
may
give
fire
again
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Pikes
port
,
and
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
by
extraduction
.
The
third
firing
.
Now
the
Muskettiers
being
upon
the
Reer
,
fire
them
there
upon
the
march
;
wheel
them
about
to
the
right
,
and
let
them
fire
after
this
manner
:
face
about
to
the
right
and
left
;
let
the
last
Rank
fire
,
fall
off
,
and
Flank
the
first
Rank
of
Pikes
;
and
so
consequently
all
the
rest
;
after
fire
them
to
the
Reer
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
some
six
paces
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
and
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
face
the
body
about
,
and
let
the
Pikes
charge
to
the
Reer
,
and
after
port
;
the
Muskettiers
may
give
fire
to
the
Reer
by
way
of
extraduction
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Next
fire
to
the
Reer
by
dividing
the
Muskettiers
,
and
bringing
them
even
with
the
Reer
,
and
ranking
outward
,
and
falling
again
as
they
were
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Ranks
and
Files
,
open
to
your
open
Order
;
Muskettiers
,
close
outward
to
Order
;
the
outmost
Files
of
Pikes
,
stand
;
the
rest
close
outward
to
Order
:
Front-half-files
,
open
forward
three
paces
:
Ranks
,
close
to
Front
and
Reer
to
Order
:
Pikes
,
move
forward
two
paces
;
Pikes
,
face
outward
;
Muskettiers
,
face
inward
,
and
move
cleer
one
of
another
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
them
give
Fire
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
Reer
,
they
at
the
same
time
moving
up
into
their
ground
,
give
Fire
,
and
falling
off
as
before
;
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
on
while
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
Rank
outward
and
give
Fire
,
and
fall
off
in
like
manner
,
as
before
;
after
let
them
Fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
first
Rank
of
Pikes
of
the
Front-divisions
;
then
the
Pikes
may
port
;
then
let
the
first
Divisions
give
Fire
,
and
fall
in
behind
the
Pikes
;
the
Reer-divisions
after
moving
up
into
their
places
,
may
give
Fire
,
and
face
about
;
march
down
into
their
places
;
then
face
to
their
Leader
:
This
firing
being
continued
twice
or
oftener
over
,
you
may
fire
them
to
the
Reer
(
they
being
thither
faced
)
after
the
very
same
manner
,
the
Pikes
there
charging
;
after
facing
all
to
their
Leader
,
let
them
double
Files
to
the
right
and
left
inward
of
each
division
.
Command
.
Front-divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
outward
;
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
outward
;
the
rest
face
about
;
move
all
six
paces
;
to
your
Leader
;
Reer-divisions
,
move
forward
two
paces
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
Front-divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
Reer
;
they
at
the
same
time
moving
forward
into
their
places
may
give
fire
,
and
fall
off
as
before
:
this
may
be
twice
performed
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Front-divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
Front-divisions
of
Pikes
;
the
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
moving
into
their
ground
,
firing
,
and
falling
behind
the
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
;
then
they
may
move
forth
cleer
of
the
Pikes
,
and
fire
,
and
fall
in
again
:
they
may
fire
after
the
same
manner
to
the
Reer
:
But
I
shall
let
that
pass
,
and
go
on
to
the
next
.
Command
.
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
outward
,
and
march
three
paces
cleer
of
the
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
;
then
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
move
forward
until
they
range
even
abrest
with
the
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
first
divisions
of
Muskettiers
give
fire
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
after
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
room
of
them
in
the
Reer
;
they
at
the
same
time
moving
up
into
their
places
,
firing
and
falling
off
in
like
manner
:
this
firing
may
be
continued
twice
over
;
then
the
Pikes
may
charge
whilst
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Reer-divisions
move
forward
even
abrest
;
then
let
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
altogether
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
:
this
firing
may
be
continued
twice
over
,
and
the
Pikes
may
charge
;
after
let
those
Divisions
that
moved
,
march
down
again
into
their
places
.
Command
.
Front-divisions
of
Pikes
upon
the
left
,
face
about
,
and
move
down
four
paces
cleer
of
the
Reer
;
Front
and
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
,
move
to
the
left
two
paces
,
to
your
Leader
.
formation
Upon
the
former
Figure
fire
first
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
down
into
the
place
of
them
in
the
Reer
,
they
at
the
same
time
moving
up
into
their
places
,
firing
and
falling
off
in
like
manner
.
This
firing
being
twice
performed
,
let
the
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
move
up
even
abrest
with
the
Front-divisions
,
and
fire
altogether
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
after
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
,
and
the
outmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
about
,
and
move
down
into
their
places
.
Command
.
Front-division
of
Pikes
,
face
about
,
and
march
until
they
range
even
abrest
with
the
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
;
to
your
Leader
;
Reer-division
of
Pikes
move
forward
three
paces
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
let
each
division
fire
as
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
performing
it
twice
over
;
the
Pikes
may
charge
on
,
whilst
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
,
who
after
may
give
fire
by
two
Ranks
together
,
as
they
stand
in
each
division
;
the
Pikes
charging
as
before
.
Command
.
Outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
about
,
march
until
you
range
even
with
the
Reer
;
face
inward
,
and
move
until
you
stand
streight
after
the
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
to
your
Leader
:
middle-divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
outward
,
and
move
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
them
give
fire
to
the
Front
,
by
divisions
relieving
each
other
;
after
face
them
to
both
Flanks
,
and
let
them
give
fire
upon
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
:
This
firing
may
be
continued
twice
;
and
after
the
Pikes
may
charge
on
,
whilst
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
;
and
after
retreating
into
their
places
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
middle-division
of
Pikes
in
the
Reer
,
face
about
;
and
the
middle-division
of
Pikes
,
face
to
the
Front
;
and
Muskettiers
to
face
to
the
outward
Angles
of
Front
and
Reer
;
and
let
them
give
fire
to
the
four
Angles
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
or
fire
altogether
;
and
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
on
to
Front
,
Reer
and
both
Flanks
,
being
all
faced
unto
those
places
;
and
retreating
again
to
their
places
,
they
may
,
if
they
please
,
fire
a
second
time
,
and
charge
on
in
manner
as
before
.
Now
if
the
Leader
have
a
desire
to
fire
to
Front
and
Reer
,
let
him
face
them
thither
,
and
let
them
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
the
Pikes
after
charging
on
,
and
retreating
again
into
their
places
;
face
them
all
to
their
Leader
,
and
open
the
Front
and
Reer-divisions
from
the
midst
to
sufficient
distance
,
and
let
the
Ensign
display
his
Colours
.
Reducement
.
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
,
advance
forward
unto
the
left
into
the
Front
;
outmost
division
of
Pikes
,
face
inward
,
march
and
close
your
divisions
;
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
,
move
and
close
Ranks
forward
to
Order
;
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
right
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
,
reduceth
them
.
Then
let
the
Muskettiers
poyse
their
Muskets
,
if
they
be
neer
the
place
of
lodging
the
Colours
,
and
to
move
unto
that
place
making
a
guard
;
their
Muskets
being
rested
,
after
which
the
Colours
being
furled
up
,
and
the
Pikes
advanced
;
the
Leader
being
on
the
right
hand
,
and
the
Lieutenant
on
the
left
,
and
the
Ensign
in
the
midst
;
the
Serjeants
following
them
,
and
in
the
Reer
of
them
the
Drums
beating
a
troop
;
let
them
march
away
and
lodge
the
Colours
,
the
Muskettiers
giving
of
a
volley
,
they
may
all
betake
themselves
unto
their
several
habitations
,
until
they
shall
be
summon'd
again
by
beat
of
the
Drum
unto
their
place
of
Rendezvous
.
CHAP.
XXI
.
The
seventh
Exercise
,
consisting
of
sixty
four
men
,
eight
Files
eight
deep
.
THe
Souldiers
appearing
unto
the
place
of
Exercise
,
according
unto
the
appointment
of
their
Leader
,
or
accustomed
thereunto
by
beat
of
Drum
,
are
drawn
forth
into
several
Files
,
as
is
the
usual
custom
.
And
the
Souldiers
being
instructed
of
the
use
and
handling
of
their
Arms
,
by
the
Serjeants
,
Corporals
,
or
Leaders
of
the
Files
,
spending
such
time
therein
as
shall
be
convenient
until
the
fetching
of
the
Colours
;
to
which
purpose
they
draw
up
their
Files
,
and
joyn
into
a
Body
,
doubling
the
Front
to
the
left
by
the
Half-files
,
and
send
for
the
Colours
.
Which
being
brought
unto
the
head
of
the
Company
,
and
the
Souldiers
returned
unto
their
several
places
,
and
that
the
Body
is
closed
in
Rank
and
File
to
close
Order
;
then
silence
,
and
the
well
minding
of
their
Directions
,
and
their
obedience
is
required
of
them
,
being
three
main
properties
belonging
unto
every
Souldier
.
Now
for
more
variety
sake
in
matter
of
Motions
;
the
Leader
may
spend
his
chiefest
time
in
Doublings
,
by
Wheelings
,
giving
upon
all
occasions
,
the
Souldiers
their
due
distance
unto
every
word
of
Command
,
and
instructing
them
with
their
several
reasons
and
uses
,
and
so
proceed
to
this
that
follows
.
CHAP.
XXII
.
Two
and
twenty
several
Doublings
by
Wheelings
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
WHeel
off
your
Reer-half-files
,
and
double
your
Front
by
division
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
left
,
until
you
come
up
even
with
the
Front
.
Command
.
Right
and
left
Half-ranks
,
double
the
Depth
of
the
Battail
,
by
wheeling
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
Right-half-ranks
,
wheel
to
the
left
;
Left-half-ranks
,
wheel
to
the
right
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Front-half-files
,
and
double
the
Reer
by
Division
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
to
the
Reer
;
and
Front-half-files
,
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
move
down
even
with
the
Reer
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
right
Half-ranks
,
and
double
the
left
Flank
to
the
right
intire
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
;
and
right
Half-ranks
,
wheel
about
to
the
left
,
and
double
the
left
Flank
to
the
right
intire
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
right
Half-ranks
,
and
double
your
left
Flank
by
division
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
;
and
right
Half-ranks
,
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
and
let
,
and
double
the
left
Flank
by
Division
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
double
the
length
of
your
Battail
,
by
wheeling
into
the
left
Flank
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
left
;
and
Front-half-files
that
were
,
wheel
to
the
left
;
Reer-half-files
,
wheel
to
the
right
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
of
your
Left-half-ranks
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
by
division
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
double
the
length
of
the
Battail
by
wheeling
into
the
right
Flank
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
Left-half-ranks
inward
into
the
midst
,
and
double
the
right
Flank
inward
intire
.
Direction
.
Front
and
Reer-half-files
,
open
from
the
midst
to
more
then
double
distance
;
after
face
outward
;
and
Left-half-ranks
,
wheel
inward
into
the
midst
,
and
move
forward
,
and
double
the
right
Flank
inward
intire
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Front-half-files
,
and
double
the
Reer
to
the
right
intire
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
to
the
Reer
;
and
Front-half-files
,
wheel
about
to
the
left
,
and
move
down
upon
the
right
into
the
Reer
,
and
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
Right-half-ranks
inward
into
the
midst
,
and
double
your
left
Flank
inward
intire
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
the
Front-half-files
,
and
double
the
Reer
to
the
left
intire
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
Reer-half-files
inward
into
the
midst
,
and
double
your
Front
inward
intire
.
Direction
.
Right
and
Left-half-ranks
,
open
from
the
midst
to
more
then
double
distance
;
and
Half-files
,
face
about
,
and
wheel
inward
into
the
midst
,
and
move
forward
,
and
double
your
Front
inward
intire
.
Command
.
Right
and
left
Half-ranks
,
double
the
Depth
of
your
Battail
,
by
wheeling
into
the
Reer
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
Reer
;
and
right-half-ranks
,
wheel
to
the
left
;
and
left-half-ranks
,
wheel
to
the
right
until
you
meet
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
Front-half-files
inward
into
the
midst
,
and
double
the
Reer
inward
intire
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
left-half-ranks
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
right
intire
.
Face
outward
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Reer-half-files
,
and
double
the
Front
to
the
left
intire
.
Half-files
,
face
about
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Left-half-ranks
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
left
intire
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Reer-half-files
,
and
double
your
Front
to
the
right
intire
.
Face
outward
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Left-half-ranks
,
and
double
intire
the
Depth
of
the
right
Flank
.
Direction
.
Left-half-ranks
,
face
to
the
left
,
and
wheel
about
to
the
left
,
until
you
come
down
in
the
Reer
of
the
right
Flank
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Reer-half-files
,
and
double
the
Length
of
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
,
and
wheel
round
to
the
left
,
and
move
forward
,
and
double
the
length
of
the
Front
to
the
right
,
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
XXIII
.
Several
Firings
,
and
Figures
of
Battail
,
with
sixty
four
men
.
HAving
passed
over
these
several
Wheelings
by
way
of
Doublings
,
it
will
be
sufficient
time
to
proceed
unto
Firings
;
wherefore
,
first
,
command
to
open
their
Files
from
the
midst
to
open
Order
;
and
the
Bringers-up
thereof
to
double
the
Front
to
the
right
and
left
inward
.
The
first
firing
.
Let
them
fire
to
the
Front
,
by
Ranks
ranking
outward
,
and
after
to
rank
as
they
were
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
give
fire
to
the
Front
,
by
ranks
ranking
inward
,
and
ranking
again
as
they
were
,
and
closing
again
to
the
Body
of
Pikes
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
the
Half-files
face
about
;
and
let
them
give
fire
to
Front
and
Reer
by
Ranks
ranking
outward
,
and
ranking
in
again
as
they
were
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
them
advance
forwards
by
two
Ranks
,
some
ten
paces
before
the
Front
and
Reer
,
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
face
about
,
and
fall
before
the
Front
and
Reer
of
Pikes
;
and
then
fire
again
,
falling
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
Flank
the
Pikes
;
then
the
Pikes
may
charge
on
,
and
the
Muskettiers
may
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
,
and
then
Pikes
may
charge
at
Foot
,
and
the
Muskettiers
may
give
fire
altogether
over
their
heads
.
The
fifth
firing
.
Let
the
Pikes
port
,
and
the
Muskettiers
move
forth
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
fire
by
extraduction
;
then
the
Pikes
may
charge
again
,
and
the
Muskettiers
may
move
forth
as
before
;
and
the
first
Rank
of
each
division
may
give
fire
even
with
the
Front
and
Reer
,
and
stand
;
the
rest
may
after
move
forth
cleer
of
them
,
and
give
fire
,
falling
behind
their
own
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
then
face
all
to
their
Leader
,
and
close
their
Divisions
forward
to
Order
;
and
then
proceed
to
Figure
of
Battail
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
Muskettiers
,
move
forward
until
you
be
cleer
of
the
Pikes
;
the
two
inmost
Files
of
Muskettiers
,
stand
;
the
two
outmost
Files
of
Muskettiers
move
forwards
,
until
you
be
cleer
of
the
inmost
Files
;
the
two
outmost
Files
of
Pikes
,
face
outward
,
and
move
three
foot
cleer
of
the
outmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
and
after
to
face
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
to
move
forward
until
they
range
even
with
the
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
then
let
them
face
all
to
the
Front
,
and
stand
streight
in
their
Divisions
,
both
Rank-wise
and
File-wise
;
and
they
will
stand
as
in
the
next
Figure
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
let
the
first
divisions
of
Muskettiers
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
after
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
room
of
them
in
the
Reer
;
they
at
the
same
time
moving
up
into
their
places
,
firing
and
falling
off
in
like
manner
.
Then
let
the
inmost
divisions
give
fire
in
like
manner
,
as
the
former
did
;
and
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
be
relieved
by
their
own
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
then
let
the
Pikes
chaege
on
,
and
after
retreating
back
again
into
their
places
.
Command
.
The
two
middle-ranks
of
Pikes
,
face
outward
,
and
move
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
then
let
the
first
Rank
of
Pikes
face
about
;
and
the
first
and
last
Rank
of
Pikes
to
move
forward
to
Order
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
Front-divisions
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
room
of
them
in
the
Reer
;
they
at
the
same
time
moving
forward
into
their
places
,
firing
and
falling
off
in
like
manner
:
Next
let
the
inmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
do
the
same
,
who
may
be
relieved
by
the
inmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
all
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
give
fire
as
they
did
to
the
Front
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
them
face
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
first
;
after
falling
off
,
and
interchanging
divisions
,
relieving
each
other
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
after
retreating
back
into
their
places
.
Command
.
The
inmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
to
move
forward
until
they
be
two
foot
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
then
let
them
face
all
inward
,
and
move
until
the
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
range
even
abrest
with
the
middle-divisions
of
Pikes
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
Upon
this
former
Figure
,
fire
them
to
both
Flanks
;
where
first
face
them
outward
;
let
the
first
division
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
after
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
places
of
the
Reer-divisions
,
and
they
move
up
at
the
same
instant
of
time
into
their
rooms
,
giving
fire
,
and
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
afterward
into
their
places
.
Next
let
them
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
after
move
inward
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
next
division
of
Pikes
;
and
then
the
first
division
of
Muskettiers
move
forth
,
and
give
fire
in
the
ground
they
formerly
stood
on
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
stand
;
and
the
next
division
of
Muskettiers
is
likewise
to
move
forth
where
formerly
they
stood
,
and
to
fire
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
on
,
and
after
retreat
back
again
into
their
places
;
and
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
move
to
the
left
two
paces
,
and
double
to
the
right
File-wise
;
the
two
middle-divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
outward
,
and
move
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
:
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
move
forward
,
until
the
first
division
of
Muskettiers
be
placed
three
foot
before
the
midst
of
the
middle-divisions
of
Pikes
,
and
the
second
division
be
three
foot
behind
the
same
,
standing
streight
with
the
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
midst
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
they
being
faced
to
Front
and
Reer
,
both
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
;
let
the
first
divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
stand
;
let
the
rest
move
forward
until
they
be
cleer
of
the
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
and
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
after
face
about
and
move
down
into
their
places
again
;
then
let
the
Pikes
open
a
little
outward
,
and
charge
all
to
Front
and
Reer
;
and
when
they
shall
retreat
back
again
into
their
places
,
the
Muskettiers
may
fire
again
as
they
did
before
,
and
continue
it
as
long
as
they
please
.
Or
they
may
fire
upon
this
Figure
either
to
Front
or
Reer
,
according
to
discretion
,
as
long
as
they
please
.
Now
in
respect
much
time
hath
been
spent
in
the
Motions
by
wheelings
in
plain
firings
and
Figures
of
Battail
,
we
will
draw
forth
one
Figure
more
from
the
former
,
that
the
Colours
may
be
displayed
,
and
that
we
may
conclude
our
seventh
Exercise
,
to
refresh
the
Souldiers
for
a
space
,
until
they
shall
again
have
warning
from
their
Commander
for
another
appearance
.
Command
.
The
last
Division
of
Muskettiers
in
the
midst
to
face
about
,
middle
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
advance
forward
until
you
be
three
foot
clear
of
the
Front
and
Reer
;
to
your
Leader
:
each
Division
of
Pikes
face
outward
,
and
move
to
convenient
distance
for
the
Colours
to
display
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
Reducement
.
Front
and
Reer-division
of
Muskettiers
face
about
,
Front-division
move
down
and
double
the
Reer-division
to
the
left
rank-wise
;
to
your
Leader
:
the
two
first
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Front
face
about
;
then
let
them
,
and
the
two
last
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
,
move
forward
until
they
be
even
with
the
next
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
to
your
Leader
.
The
two
middle
Divisions
of
Pikes
close
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
and
to
open
their
Ranks
from
the
midst
to
something
more
then
open
Order
;
the
two
outmost
Divisions
of
Pikes
face
inward
,
and
move
forward
into
the
midst
of
the
two
middle
Ranks
in
the
Body
;
to
your
Leader
.
Front-divisions
of
Pikes
face
about
,
and
Front
and
Reer-Divisions
to
move
forward
and
to
close
their
Divisions
;
to
your
Leader
.
Files
close
to
the
right
and
left
inward
to
Order
.
Muskettiers
in
the
Front
and
Reer
,
double
your
Pikes
by
Division
.
Files
,
double
your
Depth
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
,
they
will
be
reduced
as
at
first
.
Now
the
Serjeants
may
draw
off
the
Muskettiers
,
filing
them
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
thereby
making
a
guard
for
the
Captain
and
other
Officers
to
march
through
,
trooping
away
and
lodging
the
Colours
;
which
done
,
one
of
the
Serjeants
command
the
Muskettiers
to
face
about
to
the
right
,
and
to
present
all
,
and
no
man
to
give
fire
until
they
hear
the
beat
of
Drum
;
no
man
pulling
his
Tricker
but
once
,
which
will
be
a
means
that
they
all
fire
handsomly
together
;
which
being
ended
,
every
man
may
depart
home
until
he
shall
be
called
forth
again
.
CHAP.
XXIV
.
The
Eighth
Exercise
,
consisting
of
sixty
four
men
,
eight
Files
eight
deep
.
THe
Souldiers
being
again
brought
into
the
Field
,
or
place
of
Exercise
,
the
Serjeants
,
according
to
their
wonted
manner
,
drawing
forth
the
Files
,
bids
each
File-leader
to
take
his
File
into
some
convenient
place
apart
,
to
exercise
them
in
their
several
Postures
and
Charges
,
and
after
what
manner
they
may
fire
,
whether
it
be
to
Front
,
Reer
,
or
both
Flanks
.
Which
being
performed
,
they
are
called
up
to
joyn
into
a
Body
,
and
commanded
to
close
their
Ranks
and
Files
to
their
distance
of
Order
,
and
the
Front
doubled
to
the
right
and
left
inward
by
the
half-files
distance
beforehand
,
being
prepared
for
their
moving
up
.
The
Leader
appoints
one
of
the
Serjeants
to
fetch
the
Colours
,
which
being
brought
up
to
the
head
of
the
Company
,
the
Leader
for
variety
sake
may
spend
the
chiefest
of
his
time
in
Firings
,
as
followeth
.
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
move
forward
until
their
Bringers-up
range
even
with
the
Front
of
Pikes
;
after
let
the
two
outmost
Files
of
Muskettiers
move
forward
until
their
Bringers-up
range
even
abrest
with
the
Front
of
the
two
inmost
Files
;
Let
the
Front
or
foremost
Divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
let
them
face
about
,
and
move
down
into
their
places
where
they
were
last
,
then
let
the
two
inmost
Files
of
Muskettiers
of
each
Division
advance
forwards
until
their
Bringers-up
range
even
with
the
Front
of
the
two
outmost
Files
,
and
then
let
them
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
after
face
about
,
and
march
down
into
their
places
again
where
they
were
last
drawn
off
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
give
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
in
each
Division
,
falling
off
to
the
right
and
left
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
the
first
Rank
in
each
Division
fire
as
they
stand
,
and
after
move
inward
in
a
straight
line
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
which
gives
way
for
the
next
Rank
to
fire
in
each
Division
;
and
after
to
move
inward
into
the
Reer
of
the
first
Rank
,
and
so
consequently
all
the
rest
to
fire
in
like
manner
until
they
have
all
fired
,
and
stand
straight
before
the
Pikes
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
their
Ranks
rank
outward
into
the
Front
,
and
then
give
fire
all
entire
in
one
Rank
,
and
ranking
again
as
they
were
.
The
fifth
firing
.
Let
the
half-files
of
Muskettiers
double
the
Front
by
Division
,
and
give
fire
by
two
Ranks
together
,
and
after
to
move
back
again
into
their
places
.
The
sixth
firing
.
Let
the
two
first
Ranks
kneel
down
,
the
other
two
stand
upright
,
and
give
fire
four
Ranks
together
.
The
seventh
firing
.
Let
the
half-files
,
or
Pikes
to
face
about
,
and
move
three
paces
;
to
your
Leader
:
and
then
Files
to
double
their
Depth
to
the
right
and
left
outward
of
each
Arms
;
then
let
them
give
fire
eight
Ranks
together
after
this
manner
,
two
kneel
down
,
two
kneeling
,
two
stand
upright
,
and
the
two
last
to
be
drawn
off
to
the
right
and
left
;
and
so
to
fire
all
together
;
which
being
ended
,
command
the
Pikes
by
their
Files
to
rank
outward
into
the
Front
,
and
then
open
outward
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
charge
on
in
the
Front
,
and
file
again
as
they
were
.
The
eigth
firing
.
Let
the
Pikes
open
their
Files
from
the
midst
to
double
distance
;
then
command
the
Muskettiers
to
face
about
,
and
move
down
into
the
midst
of
the
Pikes
,
then
let
the
half-files
face
about
,
and
let
the
Muskettiers
be
at
open
Order
in
their
Files
,
and
the
Pikes
at
Order
;
and
then
let
them
give
fire
first
to
Front
and
Reer
by
Intraduction
after
this
manner
:
Let
the
first
Rank
in
Front
and
Reer
present
and
give
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
presently
make
ready
again
;
the
next
Ranks
may
move
forward
,
and
place
themselves
three
foot
before
them
,
and
fire
in
like
manner
,
and
after
stand
,
the
other
Ranks
still
moving
forward
into
the
next
Rank
until
the
first
have
fired
,
and
then
immediately
to
clap
before
them
,
and
fire
in
like
manner
,
until
all
have
fired
twice
over
.
The
ninth
firing
.
Let
them
close
their
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
and
fire
on
the
same
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
tenth
firing
.
Let
them
fire
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
midst
of
Pikes
again
,
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
to
Front
and
Reer
;
and
when
they
are
clear
of
the
Muskettiers
,
let
them
close
to
the
right
and
left
inward
to
Order
.
The
eleventh
firing
.
Let
the
Pikes
port
,
and
let
the
Muskettiers
be
drawn
forth
one
whole
Rank
to
the
right
,
and
another
to
the
left
,
both
to
Front
and
Reer
give
fire
,
and
fall
into
their
places
again
;
then
let
the
other
four
be
drawn
forth
in
like
manner
,
and
fire
,
and
fall
into
their
places
again
;
the
Pikes
,
if
occasion
shall
require
,
may
again
charge
on
.
The
twelfth
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
range
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
fire
even
abrest
with
the
Reer
of
each
Division
,
and
move
in
again
into
their
places
.
The
thirteenth
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
rank
outward
,
and
move
even
abrest
with
the
Front
and
Reer
,
and
there
present
and
give
fire
:
and
whilest
the
Pikes
are
charging
on
,
they
may
rank
again
as
they
were
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
,
and
make
ready
again
.
The
fourteenth
firing
.
The
Pikes
being
retreated
into
their
first
ground
,
you
may
open
them
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
then
the
Muskettiers
may
move
forward
,
and
fire
two
Ranks
kneeling
down
,
and
the
other
two
standing
upright
;
then
the
Pikes
may
continue
their
charge
till
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
,
and
after
they
may
retreat
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
Muskettiers
,
and
close
their
Divisions
inward
to
Order
.
These
firings
being
all
upon
a
stand
,
and
the
Muskettiers
being
now
in
Front
and
Reer
,
they
may
be
moved
away
,
and
may
give
fire
upon
the
march
to
Front
and
Reer
after
this
manner
.
The
fifteenth
firing
.
Let
the
first
Rank
in
the
Front
nimbly
advance
forward
ten
paces
,
then
present
and
give
fire
,
in
which
interim
,
the
rest
will
be
moved
up
unto
them
;
the
others
having
fallen
off
to
the
right
and
left
in
the
Reer
of
their
own
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
the
next
Rank
may
give
fire
in
like
manner
,
until
all
have
fired
thus
once
over
;
the
Reer
are
to
fire
at
the
same
time
with
the
Front
,
facing
about
the
last
Rank
,
who
are
to
fall
off
,
and
to
place
themselves
before
their
own
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
.
The
sixteenth
firing
.
Let
them
fire
as
before
,
and
the
first
Rank
of
the
Front-division
to
fall
off
,
and
flank
the
Pikes
to
the
right
,
the
rest
of
that
Division
falling
off
,
and
placing
themselves
in
the
Reer
of
them
;
and
likewise
the
first
Rank
of
the
Reer-Division
,
when
they
have
fired
,
let
them
fall
off
,
and
range
even
abrest
with
the
half-files
of
Pikes
,
and
still
preserving
themselves
in
their
places
to
be
right-hand-men
to
those
which
were
at
first
,
and
the
rest
to
give
fire
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
them
.
The
seventeenth
firing
.
Now
the
Muskettiers
being
all
upon
the
right
Flank
,
let
the
outmost
File
face
to
the
right
and
fire
,
and
lead
away
the
Bringers-up
between
the
Muskettiers
and
the
outmost
File
of
Pikes
;
let
this
be
continued
in
the
same
manner
until
all
have
fired
.
The
eighteenth
firing
.
The
Body
still
marching
,
let
them
fire
again
after
the
same
manner
as
before
.
The
nineteenth
firing
.
Let
them
fire
by
Ranks
wheeling
to
the
right
Flank
,
and
after
to
rank
to
the
right
,
so
many
abrest
as
they
were
at
first
,
marching
along
with
the
Body
.
The
twentieth
firing
.
Let
them
fire
,
and
fall
off
on
the
contrary
Flank
.
The
one
and
twentieth
firing
.
Let
them
give
fire
upon
the
gathering
,
firing
after
this
manner
;
let
the
outmost
File
upon
the
left
,
face
to
the
left
,
give
fire
,
and
then
face
to
the
Front
,
and
stand
until
the
rest
be
clear
;
and
then
the
next
File
to
face
to
the
left
and
fire
,
and
after
face
to
the
Front
,
and
then
the
first
File
may
gather
up
even
abrest
upon
the
left
of
the
second
File
;
then
the
third
File
may
face
to
the
left
and
give
fire
;
after
face
to
the
Front
and
stand
,
until
the
other
two
march
up
on
the
left
,
and
joyn
even
abrest
with
him
,
and
consequently
so
all
the
rest
,
until
every
File
have
fired
,
and
that
they
be
all
moved
up
even
abrest
with
the
Pikes
.
The
two
and
twentieth
firing
.
Let
them
wheel
Ranks
to
the
left
,
and
fire
,
and
after
rank
four
to
the
left
as
they
were
at
first
,
and
march
even
abrest
with
the
Pikes
.
The
three
and
twentieth
firing
.
Let
them
fire
to
the
left
Flank
,
Ranks
inverting
,
and
after
face
to
the
Front
,
and
to
rank
again
as
they
were
.
The
four
and
twentieth
firing
.
Let
them
fire
by
Files
,
filing
to
the
right
,
and
facing
after
to
the
left
,
and
fire
to
the
left
Flank
;
and
then
facing
to
their
first
Front
,
and
to
lead
up
their
Files
to
the
left
again
as
they
were
.
The
five
and
twentieth
firing
.
Let
them
fire
by
the
outmost
Files
to
the
left
Flank
,
and
lead
away
by
the
Leader
,
up
between
,
or
in
the
middle
of
Pikes
.
The
six
and
twentieth
firing
.
Let
them
face
outward
,
and
fire
upon
a
stand
after
this
manner
by
Ranks
dividing
,
moving
forth
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
fire
and
fall
in
again
into
their
places
,
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
on
,
and
retreat
again
into
their
places
.
The
seven
and
twentieth
firing
.
Let
them
fire
by
Ranks
,
ranking
outward
into
both
the
Flanks
,
and
moving
forward
,
and
firing
even
abrest
,
and
ranking
again
as
they
were
,
but
not
returning
again
into
the
midst
of
Pikes
from
whence
they
were
drawn
forth
,
but
fire
to
both
Flanks
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
eight
and
twentieth
firing
.
Let
them
fire
again
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
or
midst
of
Pikes
.
The
nine
and
twentieth
firing
.
Let
the
Pikes
port
,
and
let
the
Muskettiers
fire
by
Extraduction
to
both
Flanks
,
and
return
again
into
their
places
.
The
thirtieth
firing
.
Let
the
Pikes
open
to
the
right
,
and
the
Muskettiers
move
up
into
the
midst
,
and
the
first
Rank
give
fire
,
and
slieve
up
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
place
themselves
before
the
Pikes
,
the
next
Rank
moving
forward
into
his
ground
,
and
slieving
away
in
the
Reer
of
them
until
all
have
fired
.
The
one
and
thirtieth
firing
.
Let
them
close
their
Divisions
,
and
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
two
and
thirtieth
firing
.
Let
them
fire
by
Files
ranking
outward
,
and
filing
again
as
they
were
.
The
three
and
thirtieth
firing
.
Let
them
fire
by
Ranks
wheeling
outward
into
both
Flanks
towards
Front
and
Reer
;
the
half-files
are
to
face
about
,
the
left
half-ranks
are
to
wheel
to
the
right
,
the
right
half-ranks
to
the
left
,
the
Front-half-files
doing
the
like
,
may
give
fire
,
facing
after
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
ranking
as
they
were
into
the
midst
of
Ranks
,
and
facing
again
to
the
Flanks
.
The
four
and
thirtieth
firing
.
Let
them
fire
two
Ranks
together
,
and
slieving
presently
away
,
and
flank
the
Pikes
.
The
five
and
thirtieth
firing
.
Let
them
face
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
after
move
outward
,
and
facing
to
the
outward
Angles
of
Front
and
Reer
,
and
let
them
fire
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
six
and
thirtieth
firing
.
Let
them
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
and
fire
again
,
and
let
them
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
flank
the
Pikes
,
then
face
all
to
their
first
Front
,
they
are
reduced
.
Having
spent
all
this
time
in
the
plain
Firings
,
we
will
in
the
next
place
proceed
to
Firings
upon
such
Figures
of
Battail
as
followeth
.
CHAP.
XXV
.
Several
Figures
of
Battail
.
Command
.
HAlf-files
double
your
Front
to
the
left
,
Muskettiers
double
your
Pikes
entire
,
advancing
;
Files
open
from
the
midst
to
double
distance
:
the
two
outmost
Files
close
outward
to
open
Order
,
and
the
two
inmost
Files
close
outward
to
the
same
distance
;
half-files
of
each
Division
double
the
Front
inward
entire
;
Ranks
and
Files
close
to
Order
;
the
four
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
stand
;
the
four
inmost
Files
upon
the
left
face
to
the
Reer
;
then
let
the
four
inmost
Files
upon
the
left
,
and
the
four
inmost
Files
upon
the
right
,
move
forward
three
foot
before
the
Front
and
Reer
,
and
then
face
to
the
left
,
and
move
two
paces
,
then
face
all
to
the
Front
,
and
move
straight
in
their
Divisions
,
both
Rank-wise
and
File-wise
,
they
will
stand
as
followeth
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
move
forward
,
until
they
be
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
then
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
then
closing
their
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
the
Reer-division
of
Muskettiers
may
move
forward
unto
the
Front
of
the
first
division
of
Pikes
,
and
there
rank
outward
,
and
give
fire
altogether
,
and
file
again
as
they
were
,
and
after
face
about
,
and
move
down
again
into
their
places
;
the
two
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
may
next
move
forward
some
six
paces
;
there
stand
and
rank
inward
,
and
fire
;
face
about
,
and
file
again
as
they
were
,
and
move
forward
to
the
Front
of
their
own
divisions
of
Pikes
;
&
face
to
their
Leader
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
fire
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
flank
their
Pikes
;
and
at
the
same
time
let
the
Reer-division
of
Muskettiers
move
forward
as
they
did
before
,
and
fire
even
abrest
with
the
first
divisions
of
Pikes
,
&
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
face
about
,
and
move
down
into
their
places
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
;
then
let
the
two
outmost
divisions
upon
the
Flanks
give
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
flank
the
Pikes
:
they
may
fire
to
the
Reer
in
the
same
manner
,
being
thither
faced
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
them
face
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
and
fire
the
first
Rank
of
each
division
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
;
and
the
last
Rank
at
the
same
time
move
forth
,
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
into
their
places
again
:
but
before
they
thus
fire
,
the
Front
and
Reer-divisions
are
to
be
wheeled
to
the
left
,
and
then
let
them
fire
by
[
](A39333-e182930-b)*
*
Move
forth
those
Muskettiers
into
their
former
places
,
before
they
fire
by
Extraduction
.
Extraduction
;
and
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
on
,
and
then
retreat
back
again
into
their
places
.
Command
.
Each
division
as
they
are
faced
to
move
forward
three
paces
;
Half-files
of
each
division
,
open
to
the
right
until
they
be
cleer
of
the
standing
part
,
they
will
stand
as
followeth
.
formation
Upon
the
former
Figure
being
faced
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
fire
then
according
unto
all
those
places
,
the
formost
Divisions
fire
first
,
and
let
them
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
fall
in
the
room
or
place
of
them
in
the
next
Divisions
,
firing
twice
in
this
kind
.
Then
let
the
formost
Divisions
fire
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
;
then
let
the
Pikes
port
,
and
the
Muskettiers
in
each
Division
may
move
forth
again
,
and
give
fire
by
Extraduction
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
,
and
after
charge
at
foot
,
and
let
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
over
their
heads
,
which
being
ended
,
let
the
formost
Rank
of
Muskettiers
in
Front
,
Reer
and
Flanks
move
forward
,
and
interchange
ground
with
the
Pikes
,
and
face
all
to
the
Front
;
and
after
the
third
Divisions
from
the
Front
,
and
the
third
Divisions
from
the
Reer
,
face
inward
,
and
move
three
paces
;
then
face
to
their
Leader
,
and
close
Files
outward
,
and
Ranks
forward
to
Order
in
each
Division
,
and
stand
straight
and
even
in
their
Divisions
,
both
Rank-wise
and
File-wise
,
and
then
proceed
to
the
next
Figure
.
Command
.
The
outmost
Divisions
upon
the
Flanks
,
face
about
,
and
move
down
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
Half-files
of
the
two
outmost
Divisions
double
to
the
right
and
left
inward
Rank-wise
,
and
after
move
that
part
that
doubled
two
paces
to
the
right
and
left
inward
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
let
the
first
and
the
last
Rank
of
Muskettiers
double
to
the
right
and
left
inward
File-wise
;
then
let
the
first
Division
give
fire
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
then
wheel
off
to
the
right
about
down
into
the
Reer
,
and
let
every
Division
that
are
in
the
midst
move
up
successively
into
the
Front
until
all
have
fired
and
fallen
off
in
like
manner
as
the
first
,
and
every
Division
become
again
into
his
place
,
and
the
Front
and
Reer-Divisions
have
doubled
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
outward
;
then
command
the
first
and
the
last
Rank
of
Muskettiers
from
the
Front
and
Reer
to
double
to
the
right
and
left
outward
File-wise
,
and
let
them
give
fire
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
after
fall
off
into
the
Reer
in
like
manner
and
form
of
the
firing
of
the
former
Divisions
;
either
of
these
firings
may
be
continued
twice
over
:
after
command
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
from
Front
and
Reer
to
double
to
the
right
and
left
inward
Rank-wise
,
and
then
proceed
.
Command
.
The
third
Division
from
the
Front
,
and
the
third
Division
from
the
Reer
to
face
outward
,
and
to
move
three
paces
until
they
stand
straight
in
Front
and
Reer
between
the
middle
Divisions
,
and
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
Then
let
the
Front-Divisions
face
about
,
and
Front
and
Reer-Divisions
move
forward
until
they
range
even
abrest
with
the
second
Divisions
that
stands
before
them
,
and
then
face
to
their
Leader
:
it
occasioneth
the
next
Figure
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
you
may
fire
them
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
;
therefore
face
the
two
outmost
crosses
to
the
Flanks
,
which
contains
on
each
side
four
divisions
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
;
and
let
the
rest
face
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
let
all
the
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
of
each
division
of
Pikes
,
move
forth
to
the
Angles
of
the
Pikes
,
give
fire
,
and
fall
back
again
into
their
places
;
and
whilst
the
Pikes
are
charging
on
,
the
Muskettiers
may
make
ready
again
,
and
fire
in
like
manner
as
before
,
and
fall
back
again
into
their
places
;
the
Pikes
charging
on
to
Front
,
Reer
and
both
Flanks
as
before
;
and
retreating
again
into
their
places
.
Then
face
them
all
to
the
Front
,
and
let
the
second
division
from
the
Reer
face
about
;
and
then
the
second
division
from
the
Front
,
and
the
second
division
from
the
Reer
,
move
forward
until
they
be
three
foot
cleer
of
the
Front
and
Reer
;
then
face
them
to
their
Leader
,
and
they
will
stand
in
a
convenient
Figure
for
marching
,
wherein
the
Colours
may
display
so
long
as
a
Commander
shall
think
fit
.
formation
Reducement
.
The
two
middle-divisions
,
face
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
march
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
to
your
Leader
;
then
let
them
double
to
the
right
and
left
outward
file-wise
.
After
let
them
face
to
Front
,
Reer
and
both
Flanks
,
and
close
their
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
.
Then
command
Front
and
Reer-divisions
that
formerly
wheeled
to
the
left
,
to
wheel
back
again
to
the
right
;
then
face
all
to
the
Front
,
and
let
the
Front-division
.
face
to
the
right
,
and
move
three
paces
;
and
then
face
to
their
Leader
then
let
the
Reer-division
move
up
upon
the
left
of
them
in
the
Front
,
and
let
the
Pikes
in
each
division
double
their
depth
to
the
right
and
left
outward
;
and
let
them
close
files
into
the
midst
to
order
,
&
ranks
forward
to
order
,
&
to
move
up
even
with
else
front
,
they
standing
in
their
distance
of
order
,
both
in
rank
and
file
,
let
the
half-files
double
their
Front
inward
intire
,
and
after
Files
to
double
their
depth
intire
to
the
right
,
they
are
reduced
.
Then
the
Leader
may
appoint
one
of
the
Serjeants
to
draw
off
the
Muskettiers
,
and
file
them
away
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
either
by
Ranks
filing
,
or
Files
filing
,
and
every
Muskettier
to
poyse
his
Musket
;
then
the
Pikes
may
advance
their
Arms
,
and
the
Drums
beat
a
Troop
,
and
the
Commander
may
lead
them
away
and
lodge
his
Colours
.
CHAP.
XXVI
.
The
ninth
Exercise
,
consisting
of
64
men
,
eight
Files
eight
deep
.
IN
this
Exercise
a
Commander
may
in
matter
of
Motions
present
unto
the
Souldiers
farther
variety
to
delight
them
withal
,
in
bringing
each
man
into
the
Front
to
be
a
File-leader
,
according
unto
succession
and
dignity
,
by
proper
words
of
Command
,
by
doublings
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Therefore
,
to
avoid
any
further
circumstance
,
we
will
pass
over
the
Postures
,
and
fetching
of
the
Colours
;
and
suppose
the
Souldiers
standing
in
a
condition
to
be
exercised
,
begin
first
to
make
them
all
File-leaders
by
succession
as
followeth
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
left
double
.
Command
.
Files
to
the
left
double
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
intire
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
right
double
.
Command
.
Files
to
the
right
double
.
Command
.
Front-half-files
,
double
the
Reer
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
intire
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
right
into
the
Reer
;
face
all
about
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
,
advancing
.
Direction
.
Every
even
File
from
the
left
move
forward
to
the
left
,
and
by
three
steps
double
the
odd
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
intire
,
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Double
your
Ranks
to
the
left
into
the
Reer
;
face
all
about
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
,
advancing
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
rank
to
the
right
into
the
Front
.
Ranks
,
file
eight
to
the
right
,
reduceth
them
.
Next
followeth
to
make
every
man
File-leader
according
unto
dignity
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
intire
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
intire
,
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
right
double
.
Command
.
Front-half-files
,
double
your
Reer
to
the
right
,
following
your
Leaders
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
by
division
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
and
his
Bringer-up
.
Command
.
Front-half-files
,
double
your
Reer
to
the
left
,
following
your
Leaders
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
by
division
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
and
his
Bringer-up
.
Command
.
The
two
first
and
the
two
last
Ranks
double
the
four
middlemost
Ranks
to
the
right
,
following
your
Leaders
and
your
Bringers-up
.
Direction
.
The
four
middle-ranks
stand
;
the
File-leaders
are
to
turn
off
to
the
right
,
and
the
next
Rank
is
to
follow
them
until
the
Leaders
Rank
even
with
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Front-half-files
;
and
at
the
same
instant
of
time
the
Bringers-up
are
to
move
forward
to
the
right
;
the
rest
following
until
the
Bringers-up
range
even
abrest
with
the
Half-file-leaders
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
left
.
Reducement
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Bringers-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Then
divide
every
four
Files
distinctly
apart
,
making
five
divisions
.
Files
,
double
to
the
right
and
left
inward
in
each
division
,
and
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
.
Files
,
double
to
the
left
intire
,
advancing
;
reduceth
.
CHAP.
XXVIII
.
Eight
several
Counter-marches
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
FIles
to
the
right-hand
,
Counter-march
,
maintaining
ground
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
left-hand
,
Counter-march
,
losing
ground
.
Command
.
Counter-march
your
Front
and
Reer-half-files
into
the
midst
of
Ranks
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
,
and
turn
off
to
the
left
;
and
Front-half-files
,
turn
off
to
the
right
until
they
meet
the
Front
and
Reer
into
the
midst
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Right
and
Left-half-ranks
,
Counter-march
into
the
midst
of
Files
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
;
Right-half-ranks
,
turn
off
to
the
right
;
Left-half-ranks
,
turn
off
to
the
left
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Files
to
the
left-hand
,
Counter-march
,
losing
ground
by
following
your
Leaders
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
right-hand
,
Counter-march
,
maintaining
ground
.
Command
.
Counter-march
your
Front
and
Reer-half-files
to
the
right
and
left
,
following
the
Half-file-leaders
,
and
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Front-half-files
.
Direction
.
Half-files
,
face
about
;
the
Bringers-up
of
the
Front-half-files
and
the
Half-file-leaders
are
to
begin
the
motion
;
the
rest
are
to
follow
until
they
have
gained
so
much
ground
beyond
the
Front
and
Reer
,
as
they
formerly
possest
in
the
midst
;
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
your
divisions
.
Command
.
Counter-march
your
Half-ranks
to
the
right
and
left
,
by
following
of
the
inmost
files
.
Direction
.
Face
outward
;
the
inmost
Files
are
to
begin
the
motion
moving
forward
,
the
rest
following
,
until
they
have
gained
so
much
ground
beyond
the
Flanks
as
they
formerly
possessed
in
the
inmost
Files
;
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
XXIX
.
Ten
several
Wheelings
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
WHeel
the
Battail
off
by
Division
from
the
Front
.
Command
.
Wheel
the
body
off
by
Division
from
the
right
Flank
;
face
to
the
right
.
Command
.
VVheel
the
Battail
off
by
Division
from
the
Reer
;
face
about
.
Command
.
VVheel
the
body
off
by
division
from
the
left
Flank
.
Command
.
VVheel
your
Battail
inward
to
the
Reer
from
the
Front
.
Close
Ranks
forward
to
close
Orderr
,
and
Files
into
the
midst
to
close
Order
.
Direction
.
Open
outward
to
convenient
distance
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
VVheel
your
battail
inward
to
the
left
Flank
from
the
right
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
right
,
and
open
to
convenient
distance
,
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
VVheel
your
battail
inward
to
the
Front
from
the
Reer
.
Direction
.
Face
about
,
and
open
to
convenient
distance
,
and
wheel
inward
into
the
Front
.
Command
.
VVheel
your
battail
inward
to
the
right
Flank
from
the
left
.
Command
.
VVheel
the
outward
Angles
of
Front
and
Reer
to
the
right
and
left
about
into
the
Center
;
face
to
the
outward
Angles
.
Command
.
VVheel
the
inward
Angles
to
the
right
and
left
about
from
the
Center
.
CHAP.
XXX
.
Plain
Firings
,
and
Figures
of
Battail
.
IN
the
next
place
I
will
proceed
to
some
plain
firings
;
wherefore
,
first
,
double
your
Ranks
forward
to
the
left
by
Half-files
,
and
fire
even
with
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
fire
,
and
fall
between
the
Pikes
;
then
move
forth
after
this
manner
;
one
Rank
drawn
forth
to
the
right
,
and
another
to
the
left
,
fire
,
and
fall
in
again
as
before
.
Then
command
the
first
Rank
to
stand
,
and
the
rest
to
move
forth
,
both
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
to
the
right
and
left
,
until
each
Rank
be
cleer
of
other
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
,
and
Muskettiers
give
fire
altogether
,
and
after
fall
behind
each
Rank
of
Pikes
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
at
Foot
,
and
let
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
over
their
heads
:
after
let
Pikes
port
,
and
let
the
Muskettiers
come
forth
again
,
and
give
fire
by
extraduction
;
and
after
command
the
Ranks
to
face
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
and
to
close
their
Divisions
:
then
let
the
Muskettiers
move
forth
again
into
their
first
places
,
and
Flank
their
Pikes
.
And
having
passed
over
some
half
a
dozen
firings
after
this
manner
,
then
command
Half-files
to
double
their
depth
to
the
right
intire
,
and
proceed
to
Figures
of
battail
,
and
firings
which
comes
in
the
next
place
to
view
for
a
Leader
,
to
spend
his
time
further
in
the
exercising
of
his
Souldiers
therein
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
march
six
paces
;
to
your
Leader
;
Half-files
of
Muskettiers
of
each
Division
,
face
to
the
Reer
.
Muskettiers
,
march
all
until
you
be
cleer
of
the
Pikes
;
to
your
Leader
.
The
two
middlemost
Ranks
of
Pikes
of
each
division
,
face
outward
,
and
move
cleer
of
the
Muskettiers
;
to
your
Leader
:
The
first
and
third
Ranks
of
Pikes
in
the
body
,
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
close
Ranks
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
the
following
Figure
will
appear
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
Front-divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
the
rest
of
the
Divisions
moving
up
into
their
ground
,
and
fire
,
wheeling
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
having
all
fired
over
once
,
they
will
be
reduced
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
four
inmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
outward
,
and
move
cleer
of
the
Pikes
;
then
face
to
their
Leader
;
then
let
the
eight
last
divisions
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
face
to
the
Reer
;
then
let
them
fire
to
Front
and
Reer
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
there
being
intervals
for
the
Pikes
to
move
forward
upon
their
charge
,
and
being
retreated
back
into
their
places
,
will
produce
the
following
Figure
.
formation
After
the
Figure
is
reduced
unto
his
first
aspect
,
command
the
Muskettiers
,
or
Divisions
upon
the
wings
,
to
face
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
and
to
march
until
they
stand
as
in
the
first
Figure
;
then
face
to
their
Leader
:
and
command
the
eight
first
Divisions
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
to
face
outward
,
marching
until
you
perceive
an
interval
for
the
eight
Reer-divisions
to
move
up
,
and
make
an
even
range
with
the
Front-divisions
;
which
being
done
,
they
will
appear
as
followeth
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
let
the
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
off
to
the
right
into
the
room
of
them
in
the
Reer
,
they
at
the
same
time
firing
,
and
wheeling
off
into
their
places
again
.
Then
let
the
Commander
face
them
all
to
the
right
,
and
they
will
stand
in
four
crosses
,
with
Muskettiers
on
the
wings
File-wise
;
upon
which
facing
they
may
march
,
the
Officers
being
placed
according
unto
discretion
;
and
after
they
have
marched
,
let
them
face
again
to
their
first
Front
.
Command
.
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
to
the
right
,
and
move
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
move
up
,
and
double
the
Front-Divisions
to
the
left
Rank-wise
,
which
produceth
the
next
Figure
.
formation
Upon
the
former
Figure
let
all
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
together
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
the
Pikes
after
charging
through
the
intervals
,
and
after
retreating
again
.
Then
command
Muskettiers
that
doubled
to
face
about
,
and
to
move
down
into
the
Reer
,
until
they
be
clear
of
the
Pikes
,
and
stand
;
then
let
the
Muskettiers
both
in
Front
and
Reer
face
to
the
left
,
and
march
until
they
stand
straight
in
their
Divisions
;
then
face
to
their
Leader
,
and
they
will
stand
as
in
the
former
Figure
:
then
proceed
.
Command
.
The
four
inmost
Divisions
both
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
on
the
left
,
face
to
the
Reer
;
inmost
Divisions
both
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
both
upon
the
right
and
left
,
march
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
then
let
them
face
to
the
left
,
and
move
three
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
The
four
outmost
Divisions
both
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
upon
the
right
,
wheel
to
the
right
;
the
four
outmost
Divisions
upon
the
left
both
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
,
wheel
to
the
left
,
which
will
set
forth
the
next
Figure
.
formation
Tht
first
firing
.
Let
them
face
to
the
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
after
wheeling
off
to
the
right
your
Divisions
on
the
outside
of
the
Pikes
into
the
place
of
the
Reer-Divisions
,
which
are
to
advance
forward
into
the
Front
,
performing
the
like
as
the
other
Front-Divisions
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
move
to
the
right
two
paces
;
after
command
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
to
double
to
the
left
Rank-wise
,
and
let
them
give
fire
in
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
all
together
:
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
to
all
these
places
,
whilest
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
,
and
retreat
again
into
their
places
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
them
give
fire
again
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
which
being
ended
,
you
may
proceed
to
another
Figure
.
Command
.
The
left
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
wheele
off
to
the
left
,
and
place
your selves
in
the
left
interval
between
the
Pikes
,
which
occasioneth
the
next
Figure
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
let
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
in
the
Front
,
Reer
,
and
Flanks
,
and
Angles
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
on
.
Many
other
firings
might
be
performed
upon
this
Figure
,
but
I
shall
not
be
tedious
to
relate
any
more
,
but
leave
them
to
the
discretion
of
every
Leaders
genius
,
and
shall
now
shew
the
way
to
reduce
them
.
Reducement
.
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
Angles
,
face
to
the
Center
,
and
move
three
paces
;
after
wheel
the
Divisions
a
little
to
the
right
,
until
they
be
brought
in
the
Reer
of
their
own
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
which
being
done
,
command
the
four
Divisions
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
on
the
right
to
wheel
to
the
left
;
and
the
four
Divisions
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
upon
the
left
to
wheel
to
the
right
.
After
command
the
four
Divisions
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
upon
the
left
,
to
face
to
the
left
,
and
march
to
such
a
convenient
distance
,
as
that
the
four
last
Divisions
,
both
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
,
may
move
up
on
the
left
to
range
even
with
the
Front
,
they
on
the
Flanks
moving
up
also
until
they
stand
all
even
abrest
.
After
command
the
inmost
eight
Divisions
to
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
let
them
all
move
until
they
be
clear
one
of
another
,
then
face
to
their
Leader
;
and
let
the
eight
Front-divisions
face
inward
,
and
to
move
until
they
stand
straight
with
the
Reer-divisions
.
After
let
the
Pikes
in
the
Body
in
each
Division
open
their
Ranks
to
Front
and
Reer
to
their
open
Order
.
And
then
command
Divisions
of
Pikes
upon
the
Flanks
to
face
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
and
march
in
and
strengthen
the
Body
of
Pikes
;
which
being
done
,
let
the
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
to
the
Reer
,
commanding
them
all
to
close
their
Ranks
forward
to
Order
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
,
they
are
reduced
.
Which
being
performed
,
the
Leader
may
lodge
his
Colours
,
having
finished
his
ninth
Exercise
.
CHAP.
XXXI
.
The
tenth
Exercise
,
consisting
of
24
Files
being
six
deep
,
according
to
the
first
drawing
up
of
a
private
Company
.
THere
being
a
greater
number
appearing
upon
this
days
Exercise
then
in
the
former
,
it
concerns
a
Leader
more
especially
to
give
special
charge
to
the
inferiour
Officers
to
be
careful
in
the
drawing
forth
the
Files
,
that
they
make
no
man
a
File-Leader
,
Bringer-up
,
Half-file-Leader
,
or
Bringer-up
of
the
Front-half-files
,
but
such
able
Souldiers
as
may
be
deserving
of
the
same
;
whose
diligence
and
care
upon
all
motions
is
principally
required
,
being
,
as
it
were
,
the
hinges
of
the
Leaders
several
words
of
Command
.
Wherefore
supposing
them
to
be
drawn
up
in
Battalia
,
and
the
Colours
being
brought
to
the
head
of
the
Company
,
the
four
Serjeants
ready
at
hand
attending
their
Captains
commands
,
and
the
body
being
closed
in
Ranks
and
Files
to
their
distance
of
Order
,
and
silence
craved
at
the
Company
,
he
that
shall
exercise
them
may
begin
,
after
Distances
and
Facings
shewen
,
with
this
or
the
like
doubling
following
.
CHAP.
XXXII
.
Eight
entire
several
Doublings
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
FRont
half-files
double
your
Reer
inward
entire
.
Command
.
The
twelve
inmost
Files
double
entire
the
depth
of
the
six
outmost
Files
.
Inmost
Files
face
about
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
entire
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
inward
entire
.
Command
.
The
six
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
double
entire
,
advancing
the
twelve
middle
Files
.
Command
.
Half-files
double
your
Front
to
the
right
entire
.
Command
.
Right
half-ranks
double
your
left
Flank
entire
,
advancing
;
which
being
performed
,
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
XXXIII
.
Eight
several
Countermarches
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
FIle-Leaders
stand
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
Leaders
.
Command
.
The
right-hand-file
stand
,
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
on
the
outside
of
your
right-hand-men
.
Command
.
Countermarch
your
Front
and
Reer
into
the
midst
of
Ranks
.
Direction
.
Half-files
face
about
and
turn
off
to
the
left
,
Front-half-files
turn
off
to
the
right
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Countermarch
your
Flanks
into
the
midst
of
Files
;
face
outward
.
Command
.
Files
to
the
right
hand
Countermarch
,
maintaining
ground
.
Command
.
Ranks
,
to
the
left
hand
Countermarch
,
losing
ground
.
Command
.
Countermarch
your
Front
and
Reer
half-files
from
the
midst
of
Ranks
,
maintaining
ground
.
Direction
.
Front-half-files
face
about
,
and
turn
off
to
the
left
,
the
rest
turn
off
to
the
right
,
every
man
moving
up
into
his
Leaders
ground
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Countermarch
your
right
and
left
half-ranks
from
the
midst
of
Files
,
losing
ground
.
Direction
.
Face
inward
,
and
turn
off
every
Rank
on
the
ground
they
stand
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
open
Order
,
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
XXXIV
.
Eight
entire
Doublings
by
Wheelings
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
WHeel
off
your
Reer-half-files
,
and
double
your
Front
to
the
right
entire
.
Half-files
face
about
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
left
half-ranks
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
entire
to
the
left
.
Face
outward
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Reer
half-files
,
and
double
your
Front
to
the
left
entire
.
Half-files
face
about
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
right
half-ranks
,
and
double
your
left
Flank
to
the
left
entire
.
Face
outward
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Front-half-files
,
and
double
the
Reer
to
the
right
entire
.
Half-files
face
about
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
right
half-ranks
,
and
double
the
left
Flank
to
the
right
entire
.
Face
outward
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Front-half-files
,
and
double
the
Reer
to
the
left
entire
.
Half-files
face
about
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
left
half-ranks
,
and
double
your
right
Flank
to
the
right
entire
.
Face
outward
.
CHAP.
XXXV
.
Plain
Firings
,
and
Figures
of
Battail
.
The
first
firing
.
LEt
the
two
outmost
Files
of
Muskettiers
upon
each
Flank
advance
ten
paces
before
the
Front
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
after
face
about
,
and
move
down
into
their
places
again
;
then
face
to
their
Leader
.
Then
let
the
next
two
Files
upon
each
Flank
move
away
in
like
manner
,
and
fire
as
the
former
did
,
and
move
down
into
their
places
again
.
After
let
the
other
remaining
Files
be
led
forth
by
the
other
two
Serjeants
,
and
give
fire
as
before
,
and
fall
back
again
into
their
places
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
two
Serjeants
draw
four
Files
upon
each
Flank
,
and
move
them
away
10
or
20
paces
before
the
Front
,
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
after
face
about
,
and
move
down
into
their
places
.
And
whilest
they
are
moving
down
,
let
the
other
two
Serjeants
draw
forth
the
remaining
four
Files
upon
each
Flank
,
and
fire
as
the
former
did
,
and
after
return
again
into
their
places
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
all
the
Muskettiers
move
forth
cleer
of
the
Pikes
,
and
let
them
open
from
the
midst
,
until
they
stand
in
four
Divisions
,
leaving
sufficient
intervals
for
their
wheeling
into
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
first
,
let
them
fire
in
each
Division
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
until
they
have
all
fired
over
two
or
three
times
after
this
kind
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
them
close
their
Files
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
then
let
the
two
first
Ranks
kneel
down
,
the
next
two
stoop
,
and
the
last
two
stand
upright
,
and
give
fire
six
Ranks
all
together
;
then
let
the
left
half-ranks
of
Muskettiers
be
wheeled
about
to
the
left
into
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
,
and
the
right
half-ranks
move
to
the
left
until
they
stand
straight
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
.
The
fifth
firing
.
Let
the
half-files
face
about
,
and
let
them
give
fire
to
Front
and
Reer
after
this
manner
by
two
Ranks
drawn
off
ten
paces
before
the
Front
and
Reer
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
Reer
of
themselves
:
then
facing
about
,
let
them
open
outward
,
and
give
way
for
the
next
two
Ranks
to
come
forward
into
their
places
,
who
are
to
fire
and
fall
off
as
the
former
did
,
the
other
two
Ranks
doing
the
same
.
This
firing
may
be
continued
as
long
as
the
Leader
pleaseth
.
The
sixth
firing
.
Let
them
give
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
seventh
firing
.
Let
them
rank
outward
into
Front
and
Reer
,
and
give
fire
all
together
,
and
rank
again
as
they
were
.
The
eighth
firing
.
Let
them
give
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
flank
the
Pikes
,
those
in
the
Front
flanking
the
Pikes
on
the
right
,
they
in
the
Reer
flanking
them
on
the
left
;
after
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
,
and
being
retreated
into
their
places
,
let
them
face
all
to
their
Leader
,
and
in
the
next
place
proceed
to
Figures
of
Battail
.
Command
.
Files
,
open
outward
to
open
Order
;
Ranks
,
open
backward
to
your
open
Order
;
then
let
every
four
Files
close
outward
to
Order
;
and
Ranks
close
to
Front
and
Reer
to
Order
,
they
will
stand
in
twelve
Divisions
as
followeth
.
formation
Command
.
The
two
inmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
,
face
about
;
inmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
Front
and
Reer
,
move
forward
clear
of
the
standing
part
,
and
stand
;
Pikes
face
outward
,
Muskettiers
upon
the
Flanks
face
inward
,
the
rest
face
about
to
the
right
,
move
all
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
off
to
the
right
&
left
into
the
room
of
them
in
the
reer
,
they
at
the
same
time
moving
up
into
their
ground
,
firing
,
&
falling
off
in
like
manner
as
before
.
Then
let
the
Front-divisions
upon
the
Flank
fire
,
&
fall
in
the
reer
of
themselves
,
and
after
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
ground
of
those
divisions
that
stand
in
the
reer
of
them
,
they
at
the
same
time
relieving
them
,
firing
and
falling
off
as
before
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
,
and
after
retreat
into
their
places
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
face
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
let
the
first
Divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheeling
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
interchange
ground
with
the
next
Divisions
,
who
are
at
the
same
instant
of
time
to
move
up
into
their
places
,
and
to
give
fire
in
like
manner
,
and
to
fall
off
and
return
where
they
were
before
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
after
retreat
into
their
places
,
and
face
all
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
The
four
last
Divisions
next
to
the
Reer
both
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
,
face
about
,
move
down
,
and
range
even
abrest
with
the
Reer
;
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
that
are
faced
to
the
Front
,
move
forward
,
and
place
your selves
three
foot
short
of
the
next
Divisions
that
stands
before
you
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
let
the
Front-divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
range
even
abrest
with
the
next
divisions
;
yet
keeping
themselves
distinctly
from
the
other
divisions
.
Then
let
those
divisions
of
Muskettiers
that
stood
in
the
Reer
of
them
,
move
forward
into
their
ground
,
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
after
face
about
,
and
move
down
again
into
their
first
places
;
then
let
those
that
first
fired
move
up
again
into
their
ground
,
and
let
the
outmost
divisions
begin
to
fire
after
this
manner
;
let
the
first
divisions
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
after
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
place
themselves
in
the
room
of
the
Reer-divisions
,
who
are
likewise
to
move
up
into
their
ground
,
and
there
to
fire
,
and
fall
off
as
before
;
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
on
,
and
retreat
back
again
into
their
places
.
The
same
firings
may
be
performed
to
the
Reer
,
they
being
thither
faced
:
but
to
let
that
pass
,
we
will
fall
upon
the
next
Figure
,
wherefore
,
Command
.
Divisions
of
Pikes
,
move
forward
until
your
Reer-divisions
range
even
abrest
with
the
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
inward
,
and
move
streight
in
the
Reer
of
the
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
two
last
divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
about
,
and
the
other
divisions
of
Muskettiers
to
face
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
let
them
give
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
the
Pikes
may
charge
on
,
whilst
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
face
all
to
the
Reer
,
and
let
the
Reer-divisions
move
forth
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
give
fire
altogether
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
the
four
first
divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
and
the
two
first
disions
of
Pikes
face
to
the
Front
,
and
let
them
give
fire
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
face
all
to
the
Front
,
and
proceed
farther
.
Command
.
The
Front
and
Reer-divisions
to
move
outward
two
paces
:
Reer-division
of
Pikes
upon
the
left
,
face
about
;
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
,
move
three
foot
before
the
Front
and
Reer
;
to
your
Leader
;
divisions
that
moved
outward
,
close
inward
to
your
first
ground
,
then
they
will
stand
as
followeth
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
first
divisions
of
Muskettiers
give
fire
to
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
face
outward
,
and
march
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
then
face
to
their
Leader
:
then
let
every
division
of
Muskettiers
come
successively
into
that
ground
,
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
face
about
,
and
move
down
into
their
places
;
then
let
the
Front-divisions
of
Pikes
charge
on
,
and
after
retreat
back
into
their
places
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
face
all
to
the
Reer
,
and
let
every
division
give
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
half
the
Muskettiers
,
and
three
divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
about
to
the
right
,
and
give
fire
to
Front
and
Reer
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
,
and
after
retreat
back
into
their
places
;
face
all
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
The
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
outward
,
and
move
two
paces
;
to
your
Leader
;
the
other
divisions
,
both
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
,
open
your
Files
outward
to
open
Order
:
the
five
first
divisions
,
face
about
;
the
five
first
,
and
the
five
last
divisions
,
move
streight
forward
,
and
interchange
ground
;
and
after
face
to
their
Leader
,
and
close
Files
inward
again
to
Order
;
then
lead
up
the
two
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
to
stand
even
abrest
against
the
middle-divisions
of
Pikes
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
:
then
move
the
two
outmost
divisions
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
to
stand
streight
in
the
middle
of
the
Front
and
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
several
firings
might
be
performed
,
to
Front
,
Reer
,
both
Flanks
,
and
four
Angles
,
all
at
one
and
the
same
time
;
but
being
so
easie
to
the
view
,
I
shall
leave
them
unto
the
discretion
of
those
which
shall
be
pleased
to
make
use
of
them
,
and
in
the
next
place
endeavour
to
reduce
them
.
Reducement
.
Middle-divisions
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
Flanks
,
face
outward
,
and
move
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
to
your
Leader
:
the
five
first
Divisions
,
face
about
;
the
five
first
and
the
five
last
Divisions
,
open
Files
outward
to
open
Order
,
and
move
forward
,
and
interchange
ground
,
and
close
Files
inward
again
to
Order
;
outmost
Divisions
,
face
about
,
and
move
down
again
into
your
first
places
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
.
Here
the
Captain
,
if
he
please
,
may
command
the
Ensign
to
display
his
Colours
;
which
being
ended
,
he
may
proceed
,
commanding
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
to
move
forward
,
and
to
place
themselves
in
the
Reer
of
the
outmost
division
of
Pikes
upon
the
left
in
the
Front
;
then
let
the
Front-division
of
Pikes
move
down
,
and
place
themselves
in
the
Reer
of
the
second
division
of
Pikes
upon
the
right
;
then
close
Pikes
into
the
midst
to
Order
.
Inmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
move
forward
to
Order
,
and
march
up
even
with
the
Front
;
Reer-division
of
Muskettiers
,
face
outward
,
and
move
until
they
stand
streight
with
the
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
then
face
to
their
Leader
,
and
close
Ranks
forward
to
Order
,
and
march
up
and
make
an
even
Front
,
and
close
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
;
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
XXXVI
.
The
eleventh
Exercise
,
with
24
Files
six
deep
.
THe
Souldiers
being
met
at
the
place
appointed
,
and
the
Officers
being
vigilant
and
careful
in
their
several
places
,
in
drawing
forth
the
Files
,
and
joyning
them
into
a
Body
;
the
Leader
without
any
farther
delay
may
crave
their
silence
,
and
close
their
Ranks
and
Files
to
Order
;
and
after
some
distances
and
facings
shewn
unto
them
,
drawn
forth
from
the
former
Rule
,
he
may
proceed
to
this
following
doubling
,
making
every
man
a
File-leader
according
to
succession
,
and
after
reduce
them
again
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
left
,
double
.
Command
.
Files
to
the
left
,
double
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Files
,
double
your
depth
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
intire
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
,
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
intire
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
right
,
double
.
Command
.
Files
to
the
right
,
double
.
Reducement
.
Files
,
rank
to
the
left
into
the
Front
.
Rank
,
file
six
to
the
left
,
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
XXXVII
.
Eight
Counter-marches
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
BRingers-up
,
stand
to
the
rest
,
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
Bringers-up
.
The
rest
face
about
.
Command
.
File-leaders
and
Bringers-up
,
stand
;
the
rest
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
before
your
Leaders
and
Bringers-up
;
Half-files
,
face
about
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
left-hand
,
counter-march
,
maintaining
ground
;
face
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Right
and
Left-half-ranks
,
Counter-march
from
the
midst
of
Files
,
maintaining
ground
;
face
inward
.
Command
.
File-leaders
,
face
about
to
the
rest
;
pass
through
to
the
right
,
and
place
your selves
behind
your
Leader
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Counter-march
your
Front
and
Reer-half-files
from
the
midst
of
ranks
,
losing
ground
;
Front-half-files
,
face
about
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
right
hand
,
Countermarch
,
losing
ground
.
Command
.
Counter-march
your
right
and
left-half-ranks
,
every
man
placing
himself
on
the
outside
of
his
right
and
left-hand-man
,
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
XXXVIII
.
Eight
several
Wheelings
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
WHeel
your
right
and
Left-half-ranks
inward
to
the
midst
of
Files
.
Face
outward
.
Command
.
Wheel
the
battail
off
by
division
from
the
Reer
.
Command
.
Wheel
the
battail
inward
to
the
right
Flank
from
the
left
.
Face
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Wheel
Front
and
Reer-half-files
inward
to
the
midst
of
Ranks
.
Half-files
,
face
about
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
right
and
Left-half-ranks
by
division
from
the
midst
of
Files
.
Face
inward
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Front
and
Reer-half-files
by
division
from
the
midst
of
Ranks
;
Front-half-files
,
face
about
.
Command
.
Wheel
off
your
Front
by
division
.
Command
.
Wheel
your
battail
inward
to
the
left
Flank
from
the
right
;
face
to
the
right
.
CHAP.
XXXIX
.
Plain
Firings
,
and
Figures
of
Battail
.
The
first
firing
.
LEt
them
give
fire
to
the
Front
by
Introduction
;
where
,
first
,
command
to
open
their
Files
outward
to
open
Order
,
and
then
let
the
first
Rank
give
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
;
then
let
the
next
Rank
move
forward
,
and
place
themselves
before
the
first
Rank
,
and
give
fire
likewise
,
and
stand
;
and
so
successively
every
Rank
is
to
move
forward
,
and
place
themselves
before
the
Rank
that
fired
,
until
all
have
given
fire
:
this
being
twice
performed
reduceth
them
,
and
is
tearm'd
a
firing
of
gaining
ground
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
fire
by
Files
inward
to
Order
,
and
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
them
close
their
Files
,
ranking
outward
into
one
intire
Rank
into
the
Front
,
all
at
one
and
the
same
time
,
and
to
File
again
as
they
were
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
double
Ranks
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
give
fire
three
Ranks
together
;
the
first
kneeling
,
the
second
stooping
,
the
third
standing
upright
,
and
after
to
double
Files
to
the
right
and
left
inward
.
The
fifth
firing
.
Let
them
fire
again
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
flank
the
Pikes
,
who
may
after
charge
on
,
and
after
retreat
back
again
into
their
places
.
The
sixth
firing
.
Let
them
face
outward
,
and
give
fire
to
both
Flanks
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
seventh
firing
.
Let
the
Half-files
of
Muskettiers
face
outward
,
and
move
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
then
let
every
division
give
fire
again
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
then
close
their
divisions
.
The
eighth
firing
.
Let
them
give
fire
eight
Ranks
together
(
viz
)
two
kneel
down
,
two
stooping
,
two
standing
upright
,
and
the
last
two
to
be
drawn
forth
,
and
so
fire
them
altogether
.
The
ninth
firing
.
Let
the
four
first
Ranks
upon
each
Flank
fire
again
,
and
fall
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
flank
the
Pikes
,
and
let
those
Muskettiers
face
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
draw
forth
the
last
Rank
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
Flanks
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
place
them
in
the
midst
of
those
intervals
upon
the
Angles
;
the
Pikes
being
impaled
,
then
Fire
them
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
and
four
Angles
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
This
firing
may
be
continued
as
long
as
a
Leader
shall
think
fit
;
then
face
about
those
Files
standing
at
the
Angles
,
and
move
them
in
the
Reer
of
those
divisions
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
Flanks
,
from
whence
they
were
first
drawn
forth
;
then
let
them
face
all
to
their
Leader
.
The
tenth
firing
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
in
Front
and
Reer
face
outward
,
and
march
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
then
let
them
face
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
let
the
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
to
the
Front
,
and
the
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Front
,
face
to
the
Reer
;
then
let
the
outmost
divisions
move
,
and
close
ranks
forward
to
Order
;
and
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
,
and
being
retreated
back
again
into
their
places
,
face
all
to
the
Front
,
and
proceed
to
Figures
of
Battail
according
to
the
next
direction
.
Command
.
Half-files
of
Pikes
,
face
about
;
Half-files
of
the
four
outmost
Files
of
Muskettiers
,
face
to
the
Reer
;
the
four
outmost
Files
,
and
the
body
of
Pikes
,
move
forward
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
to
your
Leader
:
then
let
them
face
outward
,
and
move
two
paces
;
then
face
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
move
the
like
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
,
and
close
Ranks
forward
,
and
Files
inward
in
each
division
;
they
will
stand
as
followeth
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
Reer-divisions
face
about
;
then
let
the
first
divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
fall
in
the
room
or
place
of
the
next
divisions
,
and
they
at
the
same
time
are
to
move
up
into
their
ground
,
giving
fire
,
and
falling
off
in
like
manner
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
give
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
in
each
division
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
,
whilst
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
the
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
move
up
,
and
range
even
abrest
with
the
first
division
;
then
let
them
fire
altogether
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
let
those
that
formerly
moved
up
,
face
about
,
and
march
down
again
into
their
places
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
again
as
before
,
and
being
retreated
,
let
them
face
all
to
both
Flanks
,
and
give
fire
in
form
and
manner
as
they
did
to
Front
and
Reer
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
the
middle-divisions
of
Muskettiers
advance
forward
until
they
be
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
then
let
them
all
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
the
middle-divisions
to
move
back
again
into
their
places
;
then
face
to
their
Leader
,
and
move
the
inmost
division
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
right
in
the
Reer
,
to
the
left
three
paces
,
then
proceed
.
Command
.
Inmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
,
double
to
the
right
file-wise
,
and
after
that
division
that
doubled
to
face
about
,
and
pass
through
the
intervals
of
Pikes
,
and
place
themselves
three
foot
behind
the
Reer
;
and
the
other
division
that
was
doubled
to
advance
forward
through
the
interval
of
Pikes
,
and
place
themselves
three
foot
before
the
Front
;
then
face
to
their
Leader
.
Let
the
second
division
of
Muskettiers
from
the
Front
stand
,
and
all
the
rest
move
forward
three
paces
;
then
move
the
second
divisions
of
Muskettiers
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
until
they
stand
streight
between
the
Front
and
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
;
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
,
face
about
,
and
let
them
and
the
Reer-division
move
forward
and
inward
three
paces
;
and
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
Front-division
of
Muskettiers
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
then
wheel
off
to
the
right
by
the
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
and
come
down
into
the
place
or
room
of
them
in
the
Reer
;
and
they
at
the
same
time
are
to
move
streight
forward
up
into
the
Front
,
and
to
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
to
wheel
off
to
the
right
,
as
the
Front-divisions
did
,
until
they
come
into
their
places
again
.
Then
let
the
first
outmost
divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
after
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
ground
of
the
Reer-divisions
,
who
at
the
same
time
are
to
move
forward
into
their
places
,
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
off
as
the
former
did
.
The
same
firings
may
be
perform'd
to
the
Reer
,
they
being
thither
faced
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
face
to
both
Flanks
,
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
in
each
division
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
to
both
Flanks
,
and
being
retreated
back
again
into
their
places
,
let
the
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
move
forth
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
then
let
them
double
Ranks
to
the
right
in
each
division
,
and
give
fire
altogether
;
after
let
them
double
Files
to
the
left
,
and
fire
again
four
Ranks
together
,
two
kneel
down
,
and
two
stand
upright
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
,
and
being
retreated
,
you
may
farther
proceed
.
Command
.
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
about
,
and
march
into
your
first
places
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
:
middle-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
outward
,
and
move
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
about
;
Front-division
,
and
Reer-division
of
Muskettiers
,
move
forward
until
you
be
cleer
of
the
next
divisions
of
Pikes
that
stand
before
you
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
,
and
they
will
stand
as
followeth
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
them
face
all
to
the
right
Flank
,
and
let
the
Front-division
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
let
them
wheel
down
into
the
Reer
,
they
at
the
same
time
moving
up
into
their
ground
,
firing
,
and
falling
off
,
and
moving
down
accordingly
into
their
first
places
;
then
let
the
other
six
divisions
fire
after
this
manner
:
First
the
Front-divisions
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
Reer
of
their
own
range
,
and
the
next
division
may
move
forwards
into
their
ground
,
give
fire
,
and
fall
off
in
like
manner
:
and
so
successively
let
every
division
move
up
into
their
first
ground
,
relieving
each
other
,
until
they
have
fired
two
or
three
times
over
in
this
manner
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
face
to
both
Flanks
,
and
let
the
inmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
move
forth
to
the
right
and
left
,
until
they
be
cleer
of
the
Pikes
,
who
are
to
port
;
then
the
Muskettiers
in
each
division
may
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
the
Pikes
may
charge
on
,
whilst
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
;
and
being
retreated
into
their
places
again
,
you
may
proceed
to
another
Firing
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
the
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
to
the
Front
and
Reer
,
and
the
Pikes
to
the
four
Angles
;
then
let
them
give
fire
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
in
each
division
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
to
the
four
Angles
,
and
being
retreated
into
their
places
,
move
in
the
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
into
their
places
again
;
and
then
face
all
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
face
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
and
march
until
you
range
in
the
midst
of
Front
and
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
Upon
the
former
Figure
,
let
the
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
Flanks
move
even
with
the
Front
of
Pikes
;
then
let
them
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
about
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
place
of
the
Reer-divisions
,
who
are
to
move
forward
into
their
ground
,
and
to
fire
and
fall
off
accordingly
.
Then
let
the
middle-divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Front
move
forward
likewise
,
until
they
range
even
abrest
with
the
Front
;
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
then
move
cleer
forth
,
and
wheel
off
to
the
right
about
into
the
ground
of
the
reer-division
of
Muskettiers
standing
behind
them
;
&
they
at
the
same
time
to
move
up
into
the
Front
,
and
to
give
fire
in
like
manner
,
and
to
fall
off
accordingly
,
until
they
have
attained
their
first
places
.
Then
let
the
three
last
divisions
of
Muskettiers
,
and
the
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
,
face
about
;
and
let
the
two
middle-divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
outward
,
and
move
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
then
let
the
Muskettiers
in
Front
and
Reer
move
forward
cleer
of
the
Pikes
,
and
let
them
fire
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
the
Pikes
may
charge
on
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
being
retreated
back
into
their
places
,
the
Muskettiers
in
Front
and
Reer
may
face
about
,
and
move
down
again
into
their
first
ground
;
and
the
Muskettiers
upon
the
Flanks
are
to
face
inward
,
and
to
move
into
their
places
where
formerly
they
stood
;
then
face
them
all
to
their
Leader
,
and
proceed
.
Command
.
Reer-division
of
Muskettiers
in
the
midst
,
face
about
;
middle-divisions
of
Muskettiers
move
forward
three
foot
before
the
Front
and
Reer
;
Division
of
Muskettiers
in
the
midst
upon
the
right
,
face
to
the
left
Angles
,
and
move
until
you
stand
even
and
straight
in
the
next
range
of
Muskettiers
;
the
next
division
of
Muskettiers
in
the
midst
upon
the
left
,
face
about
;
and
then
likwise
face
to
the
left
Angle
,
and
move
down
into
the
next
range
of
Muskettiers
to
them
,
and
to
stand
streight
in
the
Reer
of
the
Reer-division
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
,
produceth
the
next
.
formation
Upon
the
former
Figure
,
let
the
six
last
divisions
face
about
,
and
let
the
first
divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
them
about
to
the
right
,
and
interchange
ground
with
them
that
stand
in
the
Reer
,
who
just
upon
their
wheeling
about
,
are
to
move
up
cleer
of
the
Pikes
,
to
make
them
room
to
fall
down
through
the
middle
interval
into
their
places
,
who
also
are
immediately
to
give
fire
,
and
fall
off
accordingly
.
Then
let
the
outmost
divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
to
Front
and
Reer
;
face
them
after
to
the
Front
at
such
time
when
the
Pikes
have
retreated
back
into
their
places
again
.
Now
if
you
will
fire
them
to
the
Front
,
the
Muskettiers
stand
in
such
good
order
,
that
you
may
fire
them
by
divisions
,
by
their
several
turns
as
long
as
you
please
,
they
relieving
each
other
.
After
you
may
fire
them
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
,
the
Muskettiers
standing
in
fit
condition
for
the
same
.
But
fearing
to
keep
the
Souldiers
too
long
in
Exercise
,
debarring
them
thereby
of
their
wonted
refreshment
,
I
will
hasten
to
the
Reducement
,
and
for
present
lodge
the
Colours
,
and
conclude
the
eleventh
Exercise
.
Reducement
.
Outmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
outward
and
move
six
paces
;
to
your
Leader
.
The
two
first
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
midst
face
to
the
right
,
and
move
clear
of
the
Pikes
;
then
face
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
and
move
,
and
interchange
ground
,
then
stand
,
and
face
to
your
Leader
.
The
two
last
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
midst
,
face
to
the
left
,
and
move
clear
of
the
Pikes
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
.
Then
let
every
Division
close
forward
to
Order
,
and
move
up
even
abrest
with
the
Pikes
,
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
XL.
The
twelfth
Exercise
,
consisting
of
24
Files
,
six
deep
.
THe
place
of
Exercise
appointed
for
the
Souldiers
to
meet
,
they
upon
a
just
summons
make
full
appearance
,
being
indeed
the
very
life
of
any
Exercise
,
affording
much
comfort
to
him
that
shall
lead
them
.
And
therefore
seeing
their
readiness
and
forwardness
(
as
in
duty
they
are
concerned
)
the
Leader
cannot
chuse
but
forthwith
to
give
order
unto
his
Officers
for
the
compleating
up
of
the
Body
;
who
knowing
his
commands
,
go
nimbly
and
chearfully
to
work
in
drawing
forth
the
Files
,
and
joyning
them
together
,
after
fetching
the
Colours
,
and
bringing
them
to
the
head
of
the
Company
.
So
that
nothing
being
wanting
,
the
Leader
craves
their
silence
and
attention
,
commanding
them
to
their
distance
of
Order
,
both
of
Rank
and
File
,
and
after
some
few
distances
shewen
unto
them
,
he
may
proceed
in
the
next
place
to
such
Facings
as
followeth
.
Command
.
-
Face
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
move
four
paces
.
-
Face
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
move
three
paces
.
-
Face
to
the
outward
Angles
in
the
Front
.
-
Face
to
the
inward
Angles
in
the
Front
.
-
Face
to
the
inward
Angles
of
the
right
Flank
.
-
Face
to
the
inward
Angles
in
the
left
Flank
.
-
Face
to
the
outward
Angles
in
the
Reer
.
-
Face
to
the
inward
Angles
in
the
Reer
.
-
Face
to
the
outward
Angles
both
of
Front
and
Reer
.
-
Face
to
the
inward
Angles
both
of
Front
and
Reer
.
-
Face
to
the
midst
of
Files
.
-
Face
to
the
midst
of
Ranks
.
-
Face
to
the
Centre
.
-
Face
to
the
outward
Angles
of
Front
and
Reer
from
the
Centre
.
-
Face
all
about
to
the
right
.
-
Face
to
Front
,
Reer
,
and
both
Flanks
from
the
Centre
.
As
you
were
;
To
your
Leader
.
CHAP.
XLI
.
A
Doubling
to
make
every
man
a
File-Leader
by
dignity
.
Command
.
HAlf-files
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
right
entire
,
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Front-half-files
double
your
Reer
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
entire
,
advancing
,
every
man
placing
himself
before
his
Leader
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Files
double
your
depth
to
the
right
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
.
Command
.
Half-files
,
double
your
Front
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Double
your
Files
to
the
left
entire
,
advancing
.
Command
.
Ranks
to
the
right
double
.
Command
.
Files
to
the
right
double
.
Command
.
Bringers-up
double
your
Front
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Files
double
your
depth
to
the
left
,
every
man
falling
behind
his
Bringer-up
.
Reducement
.
Ranks
to
the
left
double
.
Files
to
the
left
double
.
CHAP.
XLII
.
Several
Wheelings
,
with
their
Reducements
.
Command
.
WHeel
off
your
Reer-half-files
,
and
double
your
Front
by
Division
Command
.
Right
and
left
half-ranks
double
the
depth
of
your
Battail
by
wheeling
inward
to
the
Reer
.
Face
to
the
Reer
.
Command
.
Double
the
length
of
your
Battail
by
wheeling
inward
to
Front
and
Reer
.
Half-files
face
about
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer
half-files
double
the
depth
of
your
Battail
by
wheeling
outward
to
the
right
Flank
.
Half-files
face
about
,
and
wheel
to
the
left
;
Front
half-files
wheel
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer
half-files
double
the
length
of
your
Battail
by
wheeling
inward
to
the
left
Flank
;
face
all
to
the
left
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer
half-files
double
the
depth
of
both
Flanks
by
wheeling
to
the
right
and
left
outward
.
Half-files
face
about
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer
half-files
double
the
length
of
the
Battail
by
wheeling
inward
to
the
midst
of
Ranks
.
Face
inward
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer
half-files
double
the
depth
of
your
left
Flank
by
wheeling
to
the
right
and
left
outward
.
Half-files
face
about
.
Command
.
Front
and
Reer
half-files
double
the
length
of
your
Battail
by
wheeling
inward
to
the
right
flank
.
Face
to
the
right
;
and
as
they
then
stand
,
right
half-ranks
wheel
to
the
left
,
and
left
half-ranks
wheel
to
the
right
until
the
right
Flank
meet
together
,
they
are
reduced
.
CHAP.
XLIII
.
Plain
Figures
,
and
figures
of
Battail
.
The
first
firing
.
LEt
two
Ranks
advance
forward
ten
paces
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
after
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
move
down
in
the
Reer
of
their
own
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
and
then
the
next
two
Ranks
are
to
move
forward
,
and
to
give
fire
,
as
the
former
did
,
and
so
consequently
all
the
rest
,
until
all
have
fired
,
and
reduced
back
again
into
their
places
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
them
fire
even
with
the
Front
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
whilst
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
.
The
third
firing
.
Let
single
Files
be
drawn
off
,
and
Ranks
inward
into
the
Front
,
and
fire
,
and
File
again
,
face
about
,
and
move
down
into
their
places
;
then
let
two
Files
be
drawn
off
clear
,
and
let
the
inmost
Files
rank
inward
,
the
outmost
Files
rank
outward
,
and
give
fire
,
and
File
again
as
they
were
,
and
fall
into
their
places
.
The
fourth
firing
.
Let
the
four
outmost
Files
upon
each
Flank
be
drawn
off
until
they
be
clear
of
the
Front
;
then
let
them
close
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
;
face
then
the
inmost
Files
of
Muskettiers
to
both
the
Flanks
,
and
let
them
give
fire
to
the
Front
and
both
Flanks
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
fifth
firing
.
Let
them
give
fire
all
together
,
six
Ranks
at
once
in
the
Front
,
and
four
in
the
Flanks
,
observing
the
former
Rules
in
firing
so
many
Ranks
together
,
as
you
may
find
in
the
place
of
description
of
firings
.
The
sixth
firing
.
Let
those
Muskettiers
upon
the
Flanks
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
move
clear
of
the
Pikes
;
then
close
to
the
right
and
left
inward
to
Order
;
then
let
the
half-files
of
Pikes
face
about
,
and
let
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
The
seventh
firing
.
Let
the
Pikes
move
forth
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
until
they
be
clear
of
the
Muskettiers
;
then
let
the
Muskettiers
give
fire
in
an
oblique
manner
,
thus
;
let
every
two
Files
open
to
the
right
and
left
outward
to
something
more
then
open
Order
;
then
close
the
two
first
Ranks
of
the
four
inmost
Files
to
the
Front
to
Order
,
and
let
the
other
two
Ranks
close
likewise
almost
to
that
distance
;
but
the
two
last
Ranks
only
are
to
face
to
their
Front
,
and
after
in
the
same
kind
close
the
four
Ranks
inward
to
the
Reer
of
the
four
outmost
,
in
manner
and
form
there
,
as
the
other
Files
were
to
the
Front
,
and
so
let
them
give
fire
in
each
Division
,
an
oblique
way
,
two
Ranks
kneel
down
,
two
kneeling
,
and
two
stand
upright
.
The
eighth
firing
.
After
the
former
firing
,
close
the
four
inmost
Files
to
the
right
and
left
outward
to
Order
,
and
to
joyn
with
the
outmost
Files
,
when
their
aspects
being
to
the
outward
Angles
of
Front
and
Reer
,
let
the
Pikes
port
,
and
Muskettiers
give
fire
to
the
four
Angles
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
whilst
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
,
and
after
retreat
back
into
their
places
again
.
The
ninth
firing
.
Let
them
give
fire
again
the
first
rank
in
each
Division
,
and
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
and
move
down
into
their
first
places
where
before
they
were
drawn
forth
,
and
every
rank
consequently
fall
in
the
reer
of
them
;
then
let
the
Pikes
close
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
and
face
all
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Muskettiers
face
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
move
twelve
paces
;
then
face
to
the
reer
,
and
move
likewise
twelve
paces
;
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
Front-half-files
of
each
Division
move
forward
three
paces
;
right
and
left
half-ranks
of
each
Division
move
outward
two
paces
;
Front-Divisions
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
stand
,
reer-divisions
of
both
Arms
move
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
until
you
be
clear
of
the
Front-divisions
;
then
close
ranks
and
files
in
each
Division
to
Order
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
,
they
will
stand
in
the
first
Figure
.
formation
The
first
firing
.
Let
the
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
move
forward
,
and
range
even
abrest
with
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
reer
of
themselves
;
then
face
about
and
move
down
into
their
own
ground
again
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
;
then
let
the
outmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
move
in
like
manner
as
the
former
did
,
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
off
in
like
manner
,
and
down
again
into
their
places
.
Let
the
Muskettiers
in
the
next
place
face
outward
,
and
move
three
paces
,
and
after
face
to
the
Front
;
then
let
the
reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
advance
forward
until
they
range
even
abrest
with
the
Front-divisions
;
then
let
them
give
fire
all
together
in
each
Division
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
after
let
the
outmost
divisions
that
moved
up
,
move
down
again
into
their
places
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
,
and
after
retreat
into
their
places
.
The
second
firing
.
Let
the
outmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Front
move
forward
before
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
and
the
inmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Front
,
let
them
likewise
move
at
the
same
time
before
the
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
;
then
let
the
Pikes
port
,
and
Muskettiers
in
each
Division
give
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
and
after
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
those
Muskettiers
that
formerly
moved
forth
from
their
places
,
let
the
Serjeants
wheel
them
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
their
first
ground
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Inmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Front
,
face
to
the
Reer
;
Divisions
of
Pikes
upon
the
left
in
the
Front
face
about
to
the
right
;
Divisions
that
are
thus
faced
,
move
down
three
foot
clear
of
the
Reer
of
each
Arms.
Front-divisions
both
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
,
and
those
that
last
moved
,
face
to
the
left
,
and
move
two
paces
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
;
and
Muskettiers
move
forward
until
your
middle
Divisions
range
even
abrest
with
the
Reer-divisions
of
Pikes
,
and
they
will
stand
as
followeth
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
let
the
Front-divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
then
wheel
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
into
the
ground
of
the
Reer-divisions
,
and
they
at
the
same
time
are
to
move
up
into
their
places
,
and
to
give
fire
,
and
fall
off
accordingly
into
their
first
places
.
Then
let
the
middle
Divisions
move
forward
until
they
range
even
with
the
Front
of
Pikes
,
and
let
them
give
fire
,
and
fall
first
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
after
face
about
,
and
move
down
into
their
places
again
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
;
then
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
,
and
after
retreat
back
again
into
their
places
.
They
may
fire
to
the
Reer
after
the
same
manner
as
they
did
to
the
Front
,
they
being
thither
faced
;
and
after
they
have
all
fired
,
face
again
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
Let
the
four
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
right
move
away
,
and
let
the
Divisions
of
Pikes
fall
in
the
Reer
of
them
,
and
the
four
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
on
the
left
to
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
;
then
standing
straight
in
their
Divisions
both
Rank-wise
and
File-wise
,
and
they
will
stand
as
followeth
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
let
the
Reer
Divisions
face
about
to
the
right
,
and
let
the
first
Divisions
give
fire
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
let
them
advance
forward
three
paces
,
and
after
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
and
interchange
ground
with
the
Reer-divisions
,
and
they
at
the
same
time
are
to
move
up
and
give
fire
,
and
fall
off
accordingly
.
Then
let
the
other
Divisions
move
forward
until
they
range
even
abrest
with
Front
and
Reer
,
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
after
face
about
and
move
down
into
their
places
;
then
face
all
to
their
Leader
.
Command
.
The
four
first
divisions
stand
,
the
rest
face
to
the
left
,
and
march
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
then
let
the
Pikes
face
to
the
Front
,
and
march
up
even
abrest
with
the
Muskettiers
;
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
to
the
Front
,
and
move
up
likewise
;
Muskettiers
face
inward
,
move
all
three
or
four
paces
until
they
stand
in
form
of
the
second
Figure
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
.
Reer-division
of
Pikes
face
about
,
and
move
down
three
foot
clear
of
the
Reer
;
to
your
Leader
;
which
produceth
the
last
Figure
.
formation
Upon
this
Figure
let
the
Reer-division
of
Pikes
face
about
,
and
Muskettiers
face
outward
;
then
let
Pikes
port
,
and
let
the
first
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
face
about
,
and
interchange
ground
with
the
Reer-divisions
,
and
face
again
to
Front
and
Reer
,
and
let
those
that
came
up
into
their
room
give
fire
in
like
manner
,
and
fall
off
and
down
again
into
their
places
.
Then
let
the
next
Divisions
give
fire
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
let
the
Pikes
charge
on
;
and
being
retreated
back
again
into
their
places
,
command
the
two
middle
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
to
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
move
down
and
range
even
with
the
Reer
;
then
let
every
Division
of
Muskettiers
give
fire
on
the
ground
they
stand
,
to
both
flanks
and
Reer
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
the
Pikes
may
charge
on
again
,
and
those
Muskettiers
that
moved
down
into
the
Reer
,
may
face
about
and
move
back
again
into
their
places
,
and
face
all
to
the
Front
.
Reducement
.
Reer-division
of
Pikes
advance
forward
to
the
left
into
the
Front
,
the
two
inmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
about
,
and
march
clear
of
the
Reer
;
then
face
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
place
themselves
behind
the
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
:
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
inward
,
and
move
straight
in
the
Reer
of
the
Front-divisions
,
and
let
the
Pikes
fall
in
the
Reer
of
their
Front-divisions
,
and
face
all
to
their
Leader
.
Half-files
of
Muskettiers
double
your
front
to
the
right
and
left
inward
,
and
after
move
forward
,
and
even
the
Front
,
they
are
reduced
.
The
end
of
the
Second
Book
.
THE
COMPLEAT
BODY
OF
The
Art
Military
.
The
Third
BOOK
.
CHAP.
I.
Concerning
the
drawing
up
of
Regiments
,
with
their
several
Numbers
,
Fronts
,
Manner
and
Ways
.
HE
that
shall
be
desirous
to
be
truly
knowing
in
this
point
of
Military
Discipline
,
in
the
drawing
up
of
Regiments
,
whether
they
be
of
lesser
or
greater
Bodies
,
as
in
some
6
,
others
7
,
8
,
10
,
or
12
Companies
,
they
must
be
drawn
up
into
Battalia
,
either
in
one
,
two
,
or
three
Squadrons
(
or
grand
Divisions
)
of
Pikes
flanked
with
Muskettiers
,
having
always
in
the
Reer
a
sufficient
number
of
Muskettiers
for
the
guard
of
the
Bagage
,
Cannon
,
or
to
be
Convoys
for
to
convey
Ammunition
and
Victual
to
the
rest
of
their
fellows
;
who
are
to
be
drawn
forth
(
by
the
discretion
of
the
Major
)
from
each
particular
Company
,
according
to
their
several
strengths
,
as
in
greater
Companies
more
Files
then
in
those
which
be
lesser
,
ordering
them
timely
relief
,
whereby
the
several
duties
amongst
the
Souldiers
throughout
the
Regiment
by
an
equal
way
may
take
their
turns
.
Now
for
as
much
as
the
true
stating
of
the
Dignities
of
every
particular
Officer
,
in
the
opinions
of
many
,
differ
very
much
,
and
our
former
Military
Authors
have
been
very
sparing
in
their
pains
in
setting
down
their
due
places
of
honour
;
I
shall
,
for
satisfaction
of
those
which
desire
to
be
rightly
informed
,
collect
out
of
the
many
forms
practised
abroad
and
at
home
,
one
good
way
to
perfect
it
.
But
here
,
by
the
way
,
I
must
crave
pardon
from
the
courteous
Reader
,
by
reason
I
foresee
certain
Objections
like
rubs
or
blocks
lying
in
my
way
,
to
digress
a
little
from
my
intended
purpose
,
to
give
answers
unto
each
of
them
:
which
are
,
First
,
That
I
seem
to
slighten
the
pains
of
former
Authors
.
Secondly
,
That
it
will
be
a
means
to
occasion
much
idleness
in
the
Souldiers
.
Thirdly
,
That
it
is
too
great
a
knowledge
to
be
laid
open
to
their
view
.
To
the
first
I
answer
,
That
the
reason
,
as
I
conceive
,
why
they
have
been
so
sparing
of
their
pains
in
this
kind
,
was
not
for
want
of
Abilities
or
knowledge
amongst
any
of
them
,
whose
works
for
the
most
part
I
highly
honour
and
esteem
,
but
rather
believe
that
they
left
it
forth
for
the
curious
search
of
such
who
are
called
unto
Field-Officers
places
,
knowing
well
,
that
before
they
are
capable
of
that
preferment
,
they
must
be
good
proficients
in
this
part
of
Military
Exercise
.
2.
Although
many
that
know
but
a
little
,
may
be
puft
up
with
high
conceits
of
themselves
,
conceiving
what
the
Author
hath
done
,
't
were
easie
for
any
man
to
perform
the
same
;
yet
to
them
of
riper
Judgements
,
the
more
variety
in
this
kind
is
presented
to
their
view
,
the
more
painful
they
are
in
the
curious
practise
thereof
,
thinking
every
moment
lost
which
is
not
spent
in
the
searching
after
,
and
informing
of
their
Judgements
in
this
point
of
Military
Discipline
.
3.
If
it
had
not
been
for
the
worthy
pains
and
labours
of
our
Ancestors
published
to
the
view
of
the
world
,
this
our
age
might
have
been
ignorant
both
in
this
,
and
all
other
Sciences
;
for
from
them
we
borrowed
our
first
light
,
God
putting
it
in
their
hearts
to
publish
their
several
gifts
to
after-Generations
,
which
though
at
this
day
much
refined
,
yet
for
our
first
grounds
and
principles
we
are
beholding
unto
them
.
Therefore
,
give
me
leave
,
according
as
God
hath
inabled
me
,
not
to
conceal
or
keep
back
any
thing
which
may
concern
the
good
and
welfare
of
my
Countrey
;
for
,
I
conceive
there
is
none
worthy
to
receive
benefit
from
those
that
have
gone
before
him
,
if
he
conceals
that
good
to
such
as
shall
come
after
him
.
And
if
I
happen
to
lie
under
the
hard
censure
of
some
for
my
pains
,
it
makes
no
matter
,
so
the
major
part
receive
benefit
thereby
;
for
as
I
gathered
somewhat
of
others
,
so
my
desire
is
,
that
others
may
do
the
like
by
me
.
The
opinions
of
Souldiers
in
the
drawing
up
of
Regiments
are
very
various
both
in
their
Forms
and
Figures
,
according
to
the
custom
of
their
Countreys
,
commands
of
their
Generals
,
or
Officers
in
chief
,
which
nevertheless
may
prove
very
good
and
serviceable
when
need
shall
require
.
I
shall
therefore
for
the
satisfaction
of
the
ingenious
Souldier
set
before
them
the
best
Collections
drawn
from
them
all
,
such
as
may
be
most
useful
for
to
fight
against
the
enemy
,
according
to
the
situation
of
the
place
,
the
number
of
men
,
and
aptness
of
ground
to
contain
them
,
which
in
the
next
place
comes
to
be
handled
.
CHAP.
II.
The
manner
of
drawing
up
a
Regiment
consisting
of
six
Companies
,
containing
in
it
a
Colonel
,
a
Lieutenant-Colonel
,
a
Major
,
and
three
Captains
,
every
one
having
108
men
in
a
Company
,
and
the
three
Field-Officers
144.
which
makes
compleatly
up
756
men
,
whereof
two
thirds
are
Muskettiers
,
and
one
third
of
Pikes
,
the
Files
being
six
deep
.
THe
general
place
of
Rendezvous
being
appointed
out
unto
the
Major
,
it
is
his
care
to
take
a
timely
view
thereof
,
that
there
be
ground
and
room
sufficient
enough
for
the
drawing
them
up
.
And
having
received
Orders
from
his
Colonel
,
Major
General
,
or
other
superiour
Officers
for
the
Regiments
marching
thither
,
he
may
appoint
the
Companies
to
march
either
of
these
two
ways
,
either
by
succession
or
dignity
.
If
by
succession
,
first
the
Colonels
Company
moves
away
;
next
the
Lieutenant
Colonels
in
the
Reer
of
him
;
then
the
Majors
,
and
so
consequently
all
the
rest
from
the
eldest
to
the
youngest
,
who
brings
up
the
Reer
of
all
.
If
by
Dignity
,
first
the
Colonels
Company
;
and
in
the
Reer
of
him
,
the
youngest
Captain
;
and
after
him
the
eldest
;
then
the
Majors
;
then
the
second
Captain
;
the
Lieutenant
Colonel
bringing
up
the
Reer
of
all
.
But
it
concerns
the
Major
before
their
marching
to
give
notice
to
the
Lieutenant
Colonel
and
the
eldest
Captain
to
countermarch
their
Ranks
of
their
two
particular
Companies
,
as
soon
as
they
come
into
the
place
of
the
general
Rendezvous
before
he
shall
draw
them
up
,
to
preserve
the
honour
of
the
right
File-leaders
,
and
Bringers
up
of
both
Arms.
He
is
likewise
to
be
there
beforehand
,
attending
their
marching
in
,
and
after
the
Colonels
Company
have
made
Alt
,
to
draw
up
each
particular
Company
on
the
left
of
him
,
all
in
one
even
range
,
commanding
them
to
close
Ranks
forward
to
Order
,
and
Files
into
the
midst
unto
the
same
distance
.
He
is
likewise
to
inform
himself
of
the
Captains
,
Lieutenants
,
and
Serjeants
,
how
many
Files
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
they
have
in
each
particular
Company
,
and
accordingly
he
is
to
enter
it
down
in
his
Paper-Book
,
and
to
make
use
thereof
as
followeth
.
He
is
to
require
one
single
File
apiece
of
Muskettiers
to
be
drawn
off
from
the
three
smallest
Companies
,
and
two
Files
apiece
from
the
greater
,
which
makes
nine
Files
,
and
contains
54
men
,
which
are
to
be
led
away
by
an
able
Serjeant
into
the
Reer
,
for
to
be
a
guard
to
the
Bagage
,
or
other
occasions
.
From
thence
he
may
proceed
,
commanding
all
the
Muskettiers
to
stand
,
and
the
Pikes
to
advance
their
Arms
,
and
move
forward
ten
or
twelve
paces
;
and
then
to
stand
,
and
close
their
Files
outward
to
Order
;
three
of
their
Colours
moving
with
their
Pikes
to
the
right
hand
;
the
other
three
moving
away
to
the
left
.
After
he
may
command
Muskettiers
to
close
their
Files
outward
to
Order
,
and
they
will
stand
in
four
Divisions
,
two
of
Pikes
,
and
in
the
Reer
of
them
,
two
of
Muskettiers
,
as
underneath
is
set
forth
;
the
Captains
being
all
upon
the
head
of
the
Pikes
,
with
their
Ensigns
,
and
the
Lieutenants
in
the
Reer
;
the
Serjeants
attending
upon
the
Flanks
of
each
division
.
formation
This
being
done
,
command
each
division
of
Muskettiers
and
Pikes
to
face
outward
,
and
to
move
to
such
convenient
distance
,
that
being
faced
to
the
Front
,
there
may
be
room
sufficient
upon
the
subdividing
of
each
division
of
Muskettiers
for
their
moving
up
,
and
flanking
each
body
of
Pikes
.
After
which
the
Major
may
assign
unto
every
Captain
and
Lieutenant
his
due
place
of
honour
,
as
they
stand
all
abrest
;
and
that
they
may
also
naturally
fall
into
their
proper
places
upon
the
march
,
which
shall
be
set
forth
in
the
next
Figure
standing
in
two
grand
Divisions
,
the
one
in
the
Reer
of
the
other
,
which
may
happen
sometimes
for
want
of
ground
;
but
provided
they
have
ground
enough
,
they
ought
to
stand
in
one
even
range
,
as
in
folio
5.
The
Major
,
after
they
are
thus
drawn
up
in
one
even
range
,
will
finde
three
Files
of
Muskettiers
more
in
the
second
grand
Division
,
and
two
of
the
Pikes
,
then
is
in
the
first
;
therefore
he
must
take
from
thence
one
File
of
each
Company
,
and
add
them
to
nine
Files
in
the
Reer
,
which
maketh
them
twelve
,
and
then
he
will
have
ballanced
the
divisions
equal
,
taking
off
one
File
of
Pikes
,
and
placing
it
amonst
the
eldest
Captains
Pikes
.
formation
CHAP.
III.
The
Reasons
follow
for
the
placing
of
the
Captains
,
their
Colours
,
and
their
Lieutenants
,
after
the
manner
before
set
down
.
WHat
hath
formerly
been
declared
concerning
a
Rank
or
File
,
six
abrest
,
or
six
deep
,
may
be
satisfactory
in
some
kind
unto
this
point
,
which
takes
his
rule
from
hence
.
For
all
private
Companies
,
smaller
Bodies
,
or
single
Files
,
must
,
or
ought
to
be
as
neer
as
they
can
conformable
to
greater
Bodies
,
as
to
Regiments
,
and
consequently
they
to
Brigades
.
Therefore
take
notice
that
this
rule
ought
ever
to
be
observed
in
the
drawing
of
Regiments
,
that
the
right
Flank
,
as
neer
as
may
be
,
ought
to
be
suitable
with
the
left
,
both
in
strength
,
number
,
and
dignity
;
and
likewise
to
be
so
when
they
are
drawn
forth
upon
a
long
march
,
the
Front
equal
with
the
Reer
.
Now
,
suppose
these
two
grand
divisions
stood
even
abrest
;
we
will
begin
to
examine
the
first
worth
,
which
is
the
Colonels
;
and
the
fourth
worth
,
which
is
the
eldest
Captains
,
and
placed
upon
the
right
and
left
of
the
first
grand
division
,
with
the
second
and
third
worth
,
who
are
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
and
Major
,
drawn
up
upon
the
right
and
left
of
the
second
grand
division
;
and
you
shall
finde
they
are
every
way
equivalent
in
number
,
worth
and
dignity
,
with
that
of
the
first
.
In
the
next
place
,
there
are
no
more
to
place
,
but
the
fifth
and
sixth
worth
,
who
are
the
second
and
third
Captains
:
and
therefore
since
it
is
the
first
place
of
honour
among
the
Captains
in
a
Regiment
,
to
lead
the
first
Body
or
Stand
of
Pikes
;
it
must
then
consequently
follow
,
that
the
second
place
of
honour
must
be
to
lead
the
second
grand
division
of
Pikes
;
and
therefore
the
fifth
worth
is
brought
into
and
placed
between
the
second
and
third
,
that
he
may
stand
there
to
lead
the
second
Body
of
Pikes
;
wherein
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
,
the
Major
,
and
his
own
Colours
are
placed
:
so
that
there
remains
no
more
but
the
sixth
worth
,
or
youngest
Captain
to
place
,
who
is
to
be
drawn
up
between
the
Colonel
and
eldest
Captain
.
Now
if
we
shall
further
proceed
to
ballance
it
more
cleerly
,
consider
them
by
dividing
them
by
two's
in
their
places
;
as
first
,
we
will
begin
with
the
Colonel
,
the
first
worth
,
who
hath
joyned
to
him
the
youngest
Captain
,
which
is
the
sixth
worth
,
and
they
two
make
the
number
(7)
;
then
compare
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
,
who
is
the
second
worth
,
unto
the
second
Captain
joyn'd
with
him
,
which
is
the
fifth
worth
,
and
they
make
alike
the
same
number
;
after
that
compare
the
Major
and
elder
Captain
,
who
are
drawn
up
into
the
midst
of
the
Regiment
,
whose
places
carry
the
third
and
fourth
worth
,
and
their
number
is
suitable
with
the
rest
.
And
thus
much
may
be
spoken
in
general
:
now
I
shall
come
more
particularly
to
give
further
satisfaction
,
both
for
them
,
and
for
all
the
rest
;
and
therefore
I
will
give
reasons
for
the
placing
of
the
Officers
of
the
first
grand
division
;
and
cleering
that
,
the
second
will
quickly
be
laid
open
to
the
view
.
CHAP.
IV.
More
particular
Reasons
for
the
placing
of
the
Captains
and
Lieutenants
of
the
first
grand
Division
.
IN
this
grand
Division
,
there
is
the
Colonel
,
the
eldest
Captain
,
and
the
youngest
drawn
up
into
the
midst
,
and
they
having
each
of
them
Lieutenants
;
take
notice
therefore
of
these
reasons
for
their
placing
thus
;
That
always
upon
such
small
Bodies
as
these
,
the
first
honour
is
ever
placed
upon
the
right
,
and
the
second
upon
the
left
;
and
that
which
remains
,
must
of
necessity
be
drawn
up
into
the
midst
;
they
standing
all
abrest
.
These
three
Companies
being
ordered
into
a
right
and
left
Flank
,
and
one
Stand
of
Pikes
,
or
Van-guard
,
Reer-ward
,
or
Main-battail
,
as
they
may
be
term'd
,
the
reasons
follow
for
the
thus
standing
of
the
Officers
,
whether
marching
all
even
abrest
,
or
upon
a
stand
:
it
is
the
Colonels
proper
place
to
be
on
the
head
or
midst
of
his
grand
division
;
which
is
his
chiefest
place
of
security
,
and
where
he
ought
to
fight
;
for
standing
there
,
the
other
may
more
conveniently
repair
unto
him
for
their
orders
,
as
occasion
shall
require
.
Now
the
Colonel
being
a
Field-Officer
,
is
not
absolutely
tyed
to
any
one
place
to
fight
,
as
the
rest
are
,
many
occasions
calling
him
from
thence
;
the
eldest
Captain
therefore
is
appointed
to
take
charge
of
the
Body
of
Pikes
,
whether
it
be
upon
a
March
to
lead
them
,
or
upon
a
Stand
to
fight
them
,
he
ought
never
to
forsake
them
,
but
upon
special
command
from
his
Colonel
,
or
other
Field-Officers
.
Now
the
reason
why
the
first
Body
of
Pikes
is
the
most
honourablest
place
to
lead
,
is
,
as
I
conceive
,
because
the
Colonels
Colours
are
there
flying
;
and
besides
,
being
the
more
ancienter
Arms
,
far
more
honour
it
is
to
lead
them
;
for
most
commonly
the
gallantest
men
of
the
Infantry
desire
rather
to
trail
Pikes
,
then
to
carry
Muskets
.
Moreover
,
it
hath
been
a
constant
practise
in
most
places
,
that
the
eldest
Captain
should
have
that
place
to
lead
on
foot
,
although
many
times
his
Colonel
being
on
horse-back
,
may
be
a
little
before
him
.
Having
spoken
of
these
two
,
it
remains
to
speak
something
of
the
youngest
Captain
,
who
is
appointed
either
upon
the
Marching
all
abrest
,
or
upon
a
Stand
,
to
take
charge
of
the
Reer-ward
,
or
left
Flank
of
the
first
grand
Division
to
fight
them
;
but
upon
the
long
March
,
it
is
more
honourable
for
him
to
fall
down
in
the
Reer
,
and
to
bring
up
his
own
Lieutenant
,
coming
up
into
his
place
;
for
it
is
greater
honour
(
though
many
times
not
believed
)
to
bring
up
a
grand
division
,
then
to
lead
a
Sub-division
.
In
the
next
place
,
it
may
be
supposed
that
the
Captain-Lieutenants
place
is
too
honourable
to
lead
the
Van-guard
.
To
which
I
answer
,
That
the
Colonel
himself
is
confined
thither
;
for
upon
the
long
March
he
draws
off
the
Van-guard
,
and
leads
them
himself
,
being
attended
on
horse-back
by
the
Martial
and
Quarter-master
of
his
own
Regiment
.
Now
leading
away
the
Muskettiers
of
his
own
particular
Company
,
the
Captain-Lieutenant
being
subservient
unto
him
,
marcheth
a
foot
upon
the
head
of
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
and
takes
charge
of
them
,
as
assisting
to
his
Colonel
,
and
fighting
them
,
if
he
receives
no
command
to
the
contrary
,
when
they
are
all
drawn
up
again
even
abrest
,
it
concerning
him
especially
to
be
there
resident
in
the
absence
of
his
Colonel
,
for
the
better
regulating
of
them
.
The
eldest
Captains
Lieutenant
is
always
placed
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
,
either
upon
a
Stand
,
or
upon
a
March
,
it
being
very
honourable
unto
him
to
bring
up
a
grand
Division
of
Pikes
.
The
third
Captains
Lieutenant
is
ordered
to
bring
up
the
left
Flank
,
except
it
be
upon
the
long
March
,
and
then
he
is
to
exchange
places
with
his
own
Captain
.
There
is
yet
one
place
vacant
,
which
is
to
bring
up
the
right
Flank
;
and
the
Captain-Lieutenants
Bringer-up
many
times
through
courtesie
is
called
a
Lieutenant
,
therefore
a
Major
may
be
so
courteous
as
to
assign
him
that
place
.
And
here
I
shall
conclude
with
the
reasons
of
the
places
of
the
Officers
of
the
first
grand
Division
.
CHAP.
V.
Reasons
for
the
placing
of
the
Officers
of
the
second
grand
Division
.
ALthough
the
Colonel
is
Commander
in
chief
,
yet
his
discretion
is
such
,
as
to
leave
the
ordering
of
places
to
his
Major
;
and
as
he
takes
charge
of
the
first
grand
Division
,
so
he
leaves
the
second
to
his
Lieutenant-Colonel
,
who
stands
upon
the
head
or
midst
of
the
same
,
being
drawn
up
all
even
abrest
;
and
many
times
leads
the
second
grand
Division
,
as
the
Colonel
doth
the
first
,
as
was
the
practise
in
the
Regiments
upon
their
March
under
the
command
of
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
General
of
the
Parliaments
Forces
.
To
such
as
shall
approve
of
this
way
(
which
may
be
very
good
)
they
shall
not
need
to
Counter-march
the
Ranks
of
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
,
as
is
before
expressed
,
before
the
drawing
up
of
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Company
,
but
draw
them
up
on
the
right
of
that
Division
,
and
to
Counter-march
the
Ranks
of
the
Majors
,
and
draw
his
Company
up
on
the
left
.
But
I
shall
leave
that
to
the
liberty
of
those
that
shall
best
fancie
this
kinde
,
and
proceed
to
that
which
is
of
more
use
.
The
second
grand
Division
standing
in
an
even
range
with
the
first
,
it
will
be
convenient
for
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
to
be
upon
the
head
thereof
.
As
concerning
the
Major
,
he
being
an
Officer
at
will
,
hath
no
certain
place
assign'd
unto
him
,
by
reason
of
his
moving
as
occasion
shall
require
to
both
Divisions
,
whereby
he
may
give
orders
unto
them
all
,
minding
the
good
order
of
the
Regiment
throughout
every
part
.
But
if
he
will
take
his
place
,
to
march
in
the
properest
place
for
him
,
if
they
march
all
abrest
,
will
be
in
the
Front
,
between
the
Colonel
and
Lieutenant-Colonel
;
but
in
the
long
march
,
in
the
midst
of
both
grand
Divisions
,
whereby
he
may
have
freer
access
unto
them
both
,
whose
vigilant
eye
in
the
well
ordering
of
the
Regiment
is
chiefly
concern'd
,
observing
all
the
passages
,
whether
there
be
need
of
sub-dividing
their
Divisions
;
and
if
at
any
time
they
shall
be
divided
,
when
there
is
ground
sufficient
enough
,
he
must
give
order
again
for
the
drawing
them
all
up
even
abrest
,
it
being
far
more
graceful
to
the
Regiments
marching
.
In
the
next
place
,
the
second
Captain
may
claim
it
as
his
due
,
to
lead
the
second
Body
of
Pikes
,
as
the
eldest
Captain
challengeth
the
first
;
and
the
reason
given
for
his
place
,
may
suffice
for
both
.
The
eldest
Lieutenant
in
this
grand
Division
,
which
is
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Lieutenant
,
is
assigned
unto
that
place
,
where
he
is
set
down
for
to
be
an
assistant
there
unto
his
Lieutenant-Colonel
,
for
the
well
regulating
of
his
men
which
march
in
the
Reer
,
as
the
Captain-Lieutenant
is
to
the
Colonels
men
,
who
march
in
the
Front
;
and
his
Lieutenant-Colonel
bringing
up
the
whole
Regiment
,
is
the
second
place
of
honour
.
Some
may
conceive
the
Majors
Lieutenant
hath
too
great
a
place
of
honour
in
leading
the
Van
of
the
second
grand
Division
.
To
which
I
answer
,
If
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
marcheth
not
there
himself
,
but
shall
bring
up
the
Regiment
;
certainly
it
must
be
cleer
,
that
it
is
the
Majors
due
,
for
to
march
there
himself
at
times
convenient
;
and
being
so
,
there
is
good
reason
in
his
absence
his
Lieutenant
should
lead
his
men
,
or
in
his
presence
to
be
there
as
a
helper
unto
him
,
for
the
well
regulating
of
his
men
,
as
the
other
Lieutenants
are
to
the
other
Field-Officers
,
who
every
one
of
them
according
to
their
several
places
may
have
several
occasions
to
call
them
off
;
their
Lieutenants
therefore
ought
to
be
at
hand
,
and
to
march
with
them
in
their
places
,
whereby
they
may
receive
Orders
from
them
,
and
know
how
to
act
in
their
absence
concerning
their
own
particular
Souldiers
.
The
second
Captains
Lieutenant
is
ordered
to
bring
up
the
second
Body
of
Pikes
;
which
being
a
grand
Division
,
it
falls
to
him
as
due
there
,
as
the
eldest
Captains
Lieutenant
doth
in
the
first
,
it
being
the
greatest
place
of
honour
that
can
be
given
him
in
the
Reer
,
next
to
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
.
Having
spoken
thus
much
concerning
every
Field-Officer
,
the
Captains
and
their
Lieutenants
,
where
their
places
are
to
march
,
with
the
reasons
for
the
same
,
it
will
be
expected
to
supply
two
places
which
are
vacant
in
the
Reer
of
the
second
grand
division
.
To
which
I
answer
,
Upon
the
long
march
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
himself
moves
down
there
,
and
brings
up
the
Reer
of
the
whole
Regiment
;
and
therefore
it
is
left
vacant
for
him
.
But
then
you
will
say
,
There
wants
an
Officer
to
bring
up
the
Reer
of
that
Division
wherein
the
Majors
Lieutenant
is
placed
.
To
which
I
answer
,
That
there
is
none
remaining
to
do
it
,
except
it
be
the
Majors
Lieutenant
himself
.
For
if
the
Major
shall
lead
the
second
grand
Division
,
then
his
Lieutenant
may
move
down
to
bring
up
that
particular
Division
for
to
supply
the
same
;
but
in
regard
the
Major
(
as
hath
been
shewn
before
)
hath
many
occasions
to
call
him
off
,
it
concerns
his
Lieutenant
to
keep
his
place
which
was
first
assigned
unto
him
,
to
avoid
the
trouble
of
moving
up
again
in
his
Majors
absence
.
Some
are
of
opinion
it
would
be
convenient
to
place
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
eldest
Serjeant
there
;
but
in
my
judgement
,
it
is
very
unhandsome
to
see
any
Halberdeer
,
either
to
lead
or
bring
up
any
Division
marching
in
a
Regimental
way
;
and
rather
then
I
should
do
it
,
I
would
let
it
go
unsupplyed
;
but
if
he
shall
be
there
placed
to
bring
up
,
his
best
way
of
marching
is
either
with
Pallizado
,
or
half-pike
,
and
not
with
his
Halberd
.
CHAP.
VI.
The
ordering
of
a
Regiment
to
the
long
March
,
with
the
placing
of
the
Officers
,
and
the
leading
of
Carriages
.
THe
Major
giving
to
every
Captain
his
proper
place
to
march
in
,
and
what
Divisions
they
are
to
lead
,
and
what
to
bring
up
,
in
written
notes
under
his
hand
,
commands
the
Drum-Major
to
bea●
a
March
,
and
so
consequently
all
the
rest
to
take
it
formation
from
him
.
The
Souldiers
being
warned
thereby
,
begin
to
shoulder
their
Arms
,
and
prepare
to
move
;
the
Colonel
on
Horsback
being
attended
on
by
his
Martial
and
Quarter-master
,
draws
off
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
his
Captain-Lieutenant
being
six
foot
behinde
him
;
which
Division
is
brought
up
by
the
Captain-Lieutenants
Bringer-up
.
The
eldest
Captain
follows
next
,
leading
the
first
Division
of
Pikes
,
and
brought
up
by
his
own
Lieutenant
.
The
next
Division
of
Muskettiers
is
led
by
the
third
Captains
Lieutenant
,
and
the
Reer
of
the
first
grand
Division
is
brought
up
by
the
third
Captain
.
There
ought
to
be
full
18
foot
of
ground
betwixt
each
Division
;
he
that
brings
up
a
Division
,
ought
to
be
cleer
six
foot
behinde
the
same
;
and
he
that
leads
,
to
be
six
foot
before
;
so
that
there
will
be
six
foot
proportion
of
ground
betwixt
them
both
,
for
the
better
distinguishing
of
their
Divisions
,
the
Leaders
and
Bringers-up
thereof
.
And
where
there
is
not
room
sufficient
for
the
marching
so
many
abrest
,
as
they
are
now
ordered
,
they
must
subdivide
,
being
careful
to
preserve
their
Divisions
,
marching
in
greater
depths
,
at
their
due
distance
of
open
order
in
rank
,
and
order
in
file
.
For
the
Serjeants
must
not
presume
upon
any
sub-dividing
to
bring
them
down
in
the
Reer
of
them
that
march
before
,
and
keep
them
intire
in
all
their
respective
Divisions
.
And
it
must
be
their
observation
to
attend
upon
the
Flanks
,
even
abrest
with
those
Leaders
of
Files
that
were
taken
off
;
that
when
there
is
ground
and
room
enough
,
they
more
readier
know
where
to
finde
them
,
and
to
lead
them
up
again
as
they
were
at
first
.
Care
likewise
must
be
had
upon
any
sub-dividing
of
the
Pikes
,
that
there
be
none
of
the
Colours
divided
,
who
are
in
a
Regimental
way
to
march
all
three
together
,
according
to
their
first
placing
.
These
rules
and
observations
concern
both
grand
Divisions
.
Now
the
first
being
led
away
,
as
is
before
exprest
,
there
ought
to
be
sufficient
ground
betwixt
each
grand
Division
for
the
leading
of
the
Carriages
;
and
in
the
first
place
there
is
to
be
considered
,
that
to
most
Regiments
there
is
allowed
two
Waggons
,
for
the
Baggage
and
Ammunition
,
and
two
Field-pieces
,
or
great
Cannon
,
besides
other
Carriages
which
more
concern
the
Victual
for
the
Souldiers
,
as
occasion
shall
require
:
now
concerning
the
ordering
,
and
securest
placing
of
all
these
upon
the
March
,
will
be
in
the
midst
of
the
Regiment
,
and
to
have
those
which
are
ordred
for
their
Guard
,
to
be
Fire-locks
,
or
to
have
Snap-hances
,
for
the
avoiding
of
the
danger
which
might
happen
by
the
Cole
of
the
Match
;
and
being
placed
where
any
attempt
of
the
Enemy
shall
fall
on
,
either
to
Front
,
Reer
,
or
either
Flank
,
the
Cannon
may
thus
be
easily
drawn
forth
to
fire
upon
them
;
and
all
the
wood
of
the
Carriages
,
with
their
Guard
,
to
be
ordred
in
the
Reer
,
where-ever
the
assault
should
happen
,
for
their
better
security
and
safety
.
The
Major
in
the
next
place
,
if
he
please
,
may
lead
the
second
grand
Division
;
to
which
purpose
he
draws
off
(
with
the
assistance
of
his
own
Lieutenant
)
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
his
Lieutenant
being
six
foot
behinde
him
,
and
so
much
before
the
Muskettiers
.
The
next
that
follows
,
is
the
second
Body
of
Pikes
,
which
is
led
by
the
second
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
his
own
Lieutenant
.
The
last
Division
of
Muskettiers
is
led
by
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Lieutenant
:
and
the
Reer
of
the
whole
Regiment
is
brought
up
by
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
.
The
Serjeants
are
to
march
upon
the
Flanks
,
attending
their
own
men
,
that
when
they
are
to
be
reduced
into
Companies
,
they
may
know
more
readier
where
to
finde
them
;
and
according
to
order
they
may
draw
them
off
to
compleat
up
their
Captains
Companies
.
As
for
the
Drums
,
the
care
thereof
belongs
to
the
Drum-Major
to
place
,
and
to
ease
them
timely
by
reliefs
,
to
beat
as
many
or
as
few
as
he
shall
think
fit
;
to
which
purpose
,
he
orders
them
to
fall
in
betwixt
the
second
and
third
Rank
of
Muskettiers
and
Pikes
of
each
Division
;
but
when
they
are
all
even
abrest
,
the
Drums
are
placed
according
as
you
see
them
marked
.
The
Figure
for
the
long-March
in
the
next
place
followeth
.
CHAP.
VII
.
The
first
Exercise
of
a
Regiment
in
the
plainest
and
easiest
way
.
THe
Major
finding
the
commodiousness
of
the
ground
,
may
draw
them
up
all
even
abrest
again
,
and
proceed
to
exercise
them
in
a
Regimental
way
,
conferring
before-hand
with
the
Captains
,
Lieutenants
,
Ensigns
,
and
Serjeants
,
what
he
intends
to
do
.
Whether
he
will
exercise
every
Maniple
,
or
Division
(
as
is
usual
in
a
private
Company
)
in
all
their
plain
Motions
and
Firings
,
which
may
be
very
proper
,
and
easily
done
,
or
otherwise
proceed
to
more
variety
in
every
Division
,
to
give
them
commands
as
one
man
,
either
to
face
,
double
,
or
otherwise
according
to
discretion
.
And
having
fully
instructed
them
of
all
his
intents
and
purposes
,
he
must
begin
to
consider
of
the
best
manner
for
the
managing
of
the
same
.
To
which
end
,
he
shall
do
well
to
command
the
first
grand
Division
to
advance
forward
12
paces
clear
of
the
second
,
and
after
face
them
to
the
Front
,
and
they
will
stand
in
manner
as
in
Folio
147.
After
he
must
consider
how
many
Files
of
Muskettiers
there
are
,
and
whether
he
can
branch
them
forth
into
equal
Divisions
sutable
to
the
Pikes
;
but
finding
them
to
stand
but
18
of
a
side
,
he
shall
do
well
for
time
of
his
Exercise
,
to
draw
off
eight
Files
of
Muskettiers
from
the
Reer
,
which
were
formerly
appointed
to
guard
the
Ammunition
,
or
Baggage
,
and
add
two
to
every
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
which
will
make
them
20
Files
of
each
side
of
the
Pikes
,
and
then
he
may
thus
proceed
.
Command
.
Files
,
to
their
open
order
,
and
Ranks
to
close
forward
to
order
in
each
grand
Division
:
every
five
Files
of
Muskettiers
of
each
Division
close
to
the
right
to
order
:
the
first
six
files
of
Pikes
in
each
grand
Division
close
to
the
right
to
order
,
the
rest
of
the
Pikes
close
every
five
Files
to
the
right
,
to
the
same
distance
;
then
there
will
be
in
each
grand
Division
four
Divisions
of
Pikes
,
and
eight
of
Muskettiers
,
in
manner
as
set
forth
to
your
view
in
Folio
147.
Before
the
Major
shall
begin
his
Exercise
,
he
shall
do
well
to
appoint
unto
each
Division
,
the
Captains
and
their
Ensigns
,
(
whose
Colours
in
the
mean
time
may
be
stuck
in
the
ground
,
or
given
to
any
of
the
File-leaders
of
Pikes
,
to
hold
during
the
time
of
Exercise
)
to
take
charge
of
them
,
to
order
them
according
unto
every
word
of
command
,
and
the
Lieutenant
and
Serjeants
to
each
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
that
after
silence
is
craved
throughout
the
whole
Regiment
,
the
Major
by
stretching
out
his
voice
in
every
word
of
Command
,
the
rest
as
his
Eccho
are
immediately
to
give
it
out
along
the
whole
Front
,
and
from
thence
unto
the
Reer
,
and
every
Officer
to
lead
his
men
accordingly
.
The
Major
having
stated
all
things
according
to
the
former
directions
,
may
if
he
please
,
either
face
,
double
,
counter-march
,
or
wheel
,
to
Front
,
Reer
,
or
both
Flanks
in
every
particular
Division
;
And
may
after
fire
them
by
way
of
Divisions
drawn
off
ten
or
twenty
paces
before
the
Front
,
firing
them
7
or
8
times
over
,
relieving
them
by
other
supplies
,
marching
up
into
their
ground
.
And
may
after
face
the
Reer-divisions
about
,
and
fire
them
to
Front
and
Reer
on
the
same
ground
they
stand
,
there
being
sufficient
intervalls
for
their
wheeling
off
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
.
And
after
several
firings
in
this
kinde
,
the
Pikes
may
charge
on
;
but
before
they
begin
their
firings
,
the
Pikes
must
close
into
the
midst
to
order
,
and
Muskettiers
to
close
their
Pikes
to
open
order
,
and
every
Division
to
preserve
so
much
ground
betwixt
each
other
for
their
conveniencie
,
that
after
firing
they
may
wheel
off
.
Now
if
you
will
fire
,
or
skirmish
the
one
with
the
other
,
then
draw
off
the
Reer
,
or
second
grand
Division
,
and
move
them
away
,
and
draw
them
up
in
opposition
100
foot
distance
of
ground
betwixt
each
Front
,
and
let
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Company
be
drawn
up
upon
the
right
,
and
the
Majors
upon
the
left
of
that
grand
Division
,
that
it
may
carry
some
answerableness
with
that
of
the
Colonels
.
The
Muskettiers
having
six
foot
interval
of
ground
betwixt
each
other
before
they
begin
to
fire
,
they
may
continue
their
firings
of
this
nature
,
as
long
as
they
please
,
and
the
Pikes
may
after
charge
on
to
such
convenient
distance
,
as
that
they
come
not
within
three
Pikes
length
one
of
another
,
for
avoiding
doing
hurt
the
one
to
the
other
,
the
Muskettiers
still
continuing
their
firing
,
and
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
and
when
they
come
within
distance
,
not
to
present
above
knee-height
,
for
the
above-named
reasons
.
Now
the
Souldiers
being
almost
tired
,
and
all
their
Powder
spent
,
and
retreating
from
each
other
,
that
side
which
falls
out
to
be
strongest
,
(
as
being
the
Colonels
grand
Division
or
party
)
may
beat
a
parley
,
to
invite
the
weaker
to
come
in
to
mercy
,
offering
them
all
fair
Quarter
,
provided
they
timely
and
presently
receive
it
,
and
that
they
will
cheerfully
and
willingly
go
along
with
them
,
and
never
any
more
revolt
,
but
be
on
their
side
,
to
fight
with
them
upon
all
just
occasions
,
as
shall
be
required
.
After
which
,
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
yeilding
,
they
may
wheel
about
,
and
march
into
the
same
ground
from
whence
they
were
first
drawn
forth
,
and
be
reduced
to
the
same
order
and
condition
as
they
were
before
they
began
to
skirmish
.
And
thus
much
shall
suffice
concerning
the
ordinary
plain
way
of
exercising
of
Regiments
:
but
those
that
shall
desire
a
little
more
curiosity
,
they
may
observe
such
Exercises
as
in
the
next
place
shall
be
set
forth
unto
them
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
A
second
way
of
exercising
Regiments
of
the
same
number
of
men
.
THe
first
grand
Division
being
in
the
Front
,
and
clear
of
the
second
12
paces
,
every
five
Files
being
18
foot
of
ground
a
part
from
each
other
,
and
at
their
distance
of
order
,
both
in
Rank
and
File
,
in
their
own
particular
divisions
,
as
was
mention'd
in
Folio
146.
comes
in
this
place
to
be
set
forth
to
their
view
.
And
having
past
over
some
of
the
distances
to
bring
them
to
this
Station
,
in
standing
in
24
Maniples
,
or
Divisions
,
the
next
thing
that
I
shall
shew
for
Exercise
,
shall
be
four
several
Figures
of
Battail
,
branched
from
thence
,
by
proper
words
of
Command
,
with
their
reducement
.
formation
Command
.
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
outward
;
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
march
all
twelve
paces
and
stand
;
to
your
Leader
.
The
two
middle
Divisions
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
next
the
Flanks
,
face
about
;
outmost
Divisions
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
in
Front
and
Reer
,
face
outward
;
march
all
four
paces
,
and
stand
.
Again
,
let
the
outmost
Divisions
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
face
about
to
the
right
,
then
march
all
three
paces
;
then
stand
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
,
it
produceth
the
first
Figure
.
formation
Each
of
the
former
Divisions
containing
five
Files
apiece
,
excepting
the
outmost
Division
of
Pikes
upon
the
right
in
Front
and
Reer
,
and
they
contain
six
Files
in
each
of
them
.
Command
.
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
outward
;
Pikes
face
about
to
the
right
;
march
all
,
until
the
Pikes
range
even
with
the
Reer
;
then
face
to
their
Leader
,
occasioneth
the
next
.
formation
Command
.
The
four
last
Divisions
of
each
Arms
in
the
midst
,
face
about
;
the
six
outmost
Divisions
of
each
Arms
face
outward
;
the
two
middle
Divisions
of
Pikes
in
the
Front
face
about
:
march
all
four
paces
,
and
stand
;
then
face
the
six
outmost
divisions
about
to
the
right
,
and
the
four
middle
Divisions
of
Pikes
about
to
the
left
;
then
march
all
four
paces
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
.
formation
Command
.
The
two
next
Divisions
of
Pikes
in
the
midst
from
the
Reer
,
face
about
;
middle
Divisions
of
Pikes
move
forward
six
foot
before
the
Front
and
Reer
;
to
your
Leader
.
formation
Reducement
.
The
twelve
last
Divisions
face
about
;
then
set
every
Division
march
forward
,
until
they
range
even
abrest
with
the
Front
and
Reer
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
;
then
let
the
Reer-divisions
move
forward
within
eighteen
foot
of
the
Front-divisions
,
and
they
will
be
in
two
grand
Divisions
,
the
one
in
the
Reer
of
the
other
,
as
at
first
when
they
began
their
facings
.
Having
past
over
part
of
the
Distances
and
Facings
,
the
next
which
in
order
falls
to
be
handled
is
Doublings
;
and
having
by
command
gained
eighteen
foot
distance
betwixt
every
five
Files
,
if
in
their
former
motions
they
should
chance
to
lose
it
,
you
may
then
proceed
to
Doublings
by
way
of
Divisions
,
as
shall
be
in
the
next
place
set
down
.
CHAP.
IX
.
Doublings
belonging
to
a
Regiment
.
Command
.
DIvisions
,
double
to
the
right
File-wise
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Division
from
the
Front
face
to
the
right
,
and
march
down
clear
until
you
stand
straight
with
the
next
Interval
;
then
face
to
the
left
,
and
move
in
,
and
double
those
Divisions
on
the
right
File-wise
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Divisions
double
to
the
right
Rankwise
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Division
from
the
Front
face
to
the
right
,
and
march
forward
six
paces
;
then
face
to
the
Front
,
and
move
forward
,
and
double
your
Divisions
to
the
right
.
Command
.
Divisions
double
the
Length
of
the
Battail
to
the
right
and
left
outward
.
Direction
.
The
12
last
Divisions
face
outward
,
and
march
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
face
to
your
Leader
;
move
up
all
even
abrest
,
and
double
according
to
command
.
Command
.
The
12
inmost
Divisions
double
the
six
outmost
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
advancing
.
Direction
.
The
12
middle
Divisions
advance
forward
until
you
be
six
foot
clear
of
the
standing
part
;
then
face
outward
,
and
march
until
you
stand
straight
before
the
six
outmost
;
face
to
your
Leader
:
and
after
face
inward
,
and
move
forward
,
until
they
stand
again
unto
eighteen
foot
distance
from
each
other
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Divisions
,
double
the
Depth
of
the
Battail
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
Every
even
Division
from
the
right
,
face
about
to
the
right
,
and
move
down
eighteen
foot
clear
of
the
Reer
;
face
to
the
left
,
and
move
until
you
stand
straight
with
those
Divisions
on
the
right
which
you
are
to
double
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
The
12
last
Divisions
in
the
Reer
,
double
the
Front
to
the
right
.
Direction
.
The
12
last
Divisions
face
to
the
right
,
and
move
six
paces
;
then
face
to
the
left
;
march
forward
,
and
double
the
Front
to
the
right
,
and
they
will
be
reduced
.
CHAP.
X.
Four
several
Wheelings
,
with
their
Reducement
.
Command
.
DIvisions
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
and
move
down
into
the
Reer
.
Direction
.
Front-divisions
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
and
move
down
into
the
Reer
;
the
rest
march
up
into
the
same
ground
,
wheeling
to
the
right
hand
,
and
following
successively
;
after
face
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Divisions
wheel
about
to
the
right
to
the
left
Flank
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
right
,
and
the
outmost
Divisions
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
and
march
away
unto
the
place
of
the
left
Flank
,
the
rest
moving
up
into
the
same
ground
,
wheeling
about
to
the
right
,
and
following
accordingly
;
to
your
Leader
.
Command
.
Divisions
wheel
about
to
the
right
from
the
Reer
into
the
Front
.
Direction
.
Face
to
the
Reer
,
and
let
the
first
Divisions
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
and
move
up
into
the
Front
,
the
rest
marching
forward
into
their
ground
,
wheeling
off
,
and
following
in
like
manner
.
Command
.
Divisions
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
to
the
right
Flank
.
Direction
.
Face
all
to
the
left
,
and
let
the
outmost
Divisions
wheel
about
to
the
right
,
and
move
forward
to
the
right
Flank
,
the
rest
marching
up
into
their
ground
,
following
after
in
the
same
kind
,
reduceth
them
.
CHAP.
XI
.
Countermarches
not
fit
to
be
used
in
the
Exercising
of
Regiments
.
IT
might
be
expected
after
Doublings
,
that
I
should
shew
some
kinds
of
Countermarches
amongst
the
Military
Motions
,
in
the
exercise
of
a
Regiment
;
but
being
of
very
little
use
or
practise
amongst
Commanders
in
these
times
,
especially
in
such
great
Bodies
;
and
for
my
own
part
,
I
fancy
them
not
,
therefore
have
passed
them
over
,
and
pitcht
upon
such
wheelings
,
which
by
some
are
accounted
Countermarches
.
Whose
judgements
my
desire
is
better
to
inform
by
these
several
reasons
following
,
wherein
,
and
in
what
kind
they
differ
from
them
.
As
thus
:
by
these
wheelings
,
they
keep
their
distance
in
Rank
and
File
unto
Order
,
and
wheeling
entire
unto
any
hand
down
to
the
Reer
,
cannot
be
performed
but
by
gaining
in
the
Motion
before
the
Front
,
and
unto
all
places
as
they
move
,
so
much
ground
as
is
the
Length
of
their
particular
Divisions
;
and
in
the
execution
thereof
,
they
still
preserve
the
honour
of
the
right
and
left-hand-file-leaders
,
and
all
others
as
are
concerned
in
their
particular
Divisions
,
unto
any
accidental
Front
which
they
shall
be
brought
unto
.
Now
concerning
Countermarches
,
they
are
to
be
performed
either
by
single
Files
,
Ranks
,
Half-files
,
or
Half-ranks
,
and
at
their
distance
of
Open
Order
,
their
words
of
Command
having
relation
to
all
these
particulars
.
Their
Countermarching
of
Files
to
the
Reer
gaineth
no
ground
before
the
Front
in
the
Motion
,
but
only
the
room
of
one
particular
File
upon
the
right
;
it
preserveth
not
the
honour
of
the
right
and
left-hand-file-leader
at
one
time
by
any
one
word
of
Command
formation
unto
any
of
their
Motions
to
such
accidental
Fronts
they
shall
make
,
but
ever
loseth
it
to
some
,
and
giveth
it
to
others
.
And
therefore
it
may
appear
cleerly
unto
any
ingenious
capacity
,
that
the
former
Wheelings
cannot
be
accounted
,
or
given
in
their
Motions
in
that
kinde
to
the
Souldiers
for
Counter-marches
,
but
by
such
terms
as
in
their
place
are
set
down
.
In
the
next
place
,
I
shall
speak
something
of
the
great
benefit
or
use
that
may
be
made
of
these
sorts
of
Wheelings
:
as
first
,
a
Commander
may
use
them
in
the
Motions
of
Doublings
to
Front
,
Reer
,
right-flank
,
or
left
,
or
double
either
the
length
or
depth
of
the
Battail
unto
all
needful
places
,
as
occasion
shall
require
;
which
I
shall
forbear
to
set
down
,
but
leave
them
to
the
discretion
of
the
ingenious
Souldiers
practise
,
when
time
and
opportunity
shall
serve
him
to
make
use
of
them
.
In
the
next
place
,
they
are
very
necessary
to
draw
off
any
part
,
and
to
bring
them
unto
such
needful
places
for
Service
,
as
are
in
eminent
danger
.
Therefore
passing
over
for
present
what
might
be
more
spoken
of
in
this
kinde
,
I
come
in
the
next
place
to
shew
one
Figure
of
Battail
to
fire
upon
;
and
then
conclude
my
Exercise
upon
this
Regiment
,
and
go
on
unto
the
rest
.
Command
.
Pikes
,
close
Files
to
the
right
to
Order
;
then
let
them
in
the
Reer
double
their
Front
to
the
left
intire
:
Muskettiers
,
advance
forward
until
your
Front-divisions
exceed
six
foot
the
Front
of
Pikes
;
the
two
inmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Front
,
move
forward
20
paces
,
and
close
inward
to
open
Order
;
the
two
inmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
,
face
about
,
and
move
down
six
paces
,
and
close
inward
to
open
Order
;
to
your
Leader
:
Muskettiers
upon
the
Flanks
,
close
to
the
Body
of
Pikes
to
open
Order
:
Middle-divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
by
each
Flank
,
face
about
;
Middle-divisions
of
Muskettiers
by
each
Flank
,
move
forward
six
foot
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
face
to
your
Leader
,
and
it
will
set
forth
the
Figure
,
as
it
stands
in
Folio
151.
CHAP.
XII
.
Several
Firings
to
be
performed
upon
the
former
Figure
,
and
how
to
be
managed
by
the
several
Officers
.
THe
Regiment
being
drawn
up
into
the
former
Figure
,
they
may
proceed
to
Firings
upon
it
;
first
let
the
Forlorns
fire
five
or
six
times
over
,
being
commanded
by
the
eldest
Captains
Lieutenant
,
who
is
to
be
assisted
by
a
couple
of
able
Serjeants
;
after
let
him
wheel
them
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
bring
them
down
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
.
Then
let
the
second
Captains
Lieutenant
,
being
assisted
by
two
Serjeants
,
lead
up
the
reserves
by
the
outside
of
the
Pikes
,
at
such
time
when
the
Forlorns
begin
to
come
off
,
for
the
better
securing
of
them
from
danger
upon
their
retreat
;
then
let
them
move
forward
to
their
ground
,
and
give
fire
in
like
manner
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
,
and
after
wheel
them
off
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
bring
them
down
in
the
Reer
of
those
Muskettiers
that
are
behind
the
Pikes
.
Then
let
the
Front
and
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
next
the
Flanks
advance
forward
12
paces
;
the
Muskettiers
upon
the
right
to
be
led
away
by
the
Captain-Lieutenant
,
and
those
upon
the
left
by
the
third
Captain
,
being
assisted
by
four
Serjeants
apiece
;
let
them
fire
the
first
Divisions
some
six
or
eight
times
over
,
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
wheel
them
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
ground
of
those
Divisions
that
follow
them
;
and
facing
again
to
their
Front
;
then
let
the
Reer-divisions
advance
forward
into
their
places
,
and
give
fire
in
like
manner
to
the
former
:
which
being
ended
,
let
those
four
divisions
be
led
down
into
their
first
places
.
Then
let
the
next
eight
Divisions
by
the
Pikes
advance
forward
,
until
they
be
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
those
four
Divisions
upon
the
right
,
are
to
be
led
away
by
the
Majors
Lieutenant
,
and
the
Captain-Lieutenants
Bringer-up
;
and
those
four
Divisions
upon
the
left
,
by
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Lieutenant
,
and
the
third
Captains
Lieutenant
,
assisted
by
12
Serjeants
;
then
let
them
fire
some
half
a
score
times
,
the
Front-divisions
falling
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
after
wheeling
off
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
ground
of
their
Reer-divisions
,
they
then
moving
up
into
their
places
,
may
fire
after
the
same
manner
;
and
having
ended
,
they
may
be
led
down
all
again
into
their
first
places
.
Then
Command
the
first
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
to
face
about
to
the
right
,
and
let
them
and
the
two
last
Divisions
move
forward
,
and
range
even
abrest
with
those
that
stand
before
them
,
and
after
face
all
to
the
Front
;
then
let
the
Muskettiers
face
outward
,
and
move
12
paces
,
and
after
face
again
to
the
Front
;
then
move
up
those
divisions
that
were
the
Forlorn-hope
,
to
the
right
and
left
into
the
Front
,
unto
their
first
places
;
and
those
that
were
the
Reserves
up
even
abrest
with
the
Reer
,
from
whence
they
were
taken
,
after
let
them
fire
in
,
and
even
Front
altogether
,
some
half
a
score
times
over
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
then
let
the
Colonels
eldest
and
second
Captains
move
forward
the
Pikes
,
and
charge
on
if
they
please
,
the
Colours
falling
in
the
second
Rank
,
being
furled
up
;
and
after
let
all
order
their
Arms
,
and
reduce
them
into
Companies
again
.
Reducement
.
Left-half-ranks
of
Pikes
,
face
about
,
and
move
down
until
you
range
even
with
the
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
face
to
your
Leader
:
Right-half-ranks
of
Pikes
,
advance
forward
,
and
range
even
abrest
with
the
Front-divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
Files
,
close
to
the
left
to
Order
of
each
grand
Division
;
then
they
will
stand
in
two
grand
Divisions
as
at
first
,
the
one
in
the
Reer
of
the
other
:
then
draw
up
the
second
grand
Division
,
provided
there
be
room
upon
the
left
of
the
first
.
Then
let
a
Serjeant
of
each
particular
Company
draw
off
those
thirteen
Files
,
which
before
were
taken
off
to
ballance
the
Divisions
into
equal
number
,
and
were
appointed
for
the
guard
of
the
Ammunition
,
or
Baggage
,
and
bring
them
to
joyn
with
their
own
Arms
,
where
their
Captains
Companies
stands
.
Which
being
done
,
let
every
Captain
draw
off
his
own
men
,
being
assisted
by
his
Lieutenants
and
Serjeants
,
and
compleating
them
up
into
a
Body
as
at
first
;
his
Pikes
to
be
flanked
with
Muskettiers
,
they
may
after
march
away
in
single
Companies
after
such
manner
,
unto
their
several
Quarters
,
as
shall
be
appointed
to
them
by
the
Major
.
And
here
I
shall
conclude
concerning
a
Regiment
of
six
Companies
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
The
manner
of
drawing
up
a
Regiment
,
consisting
of
seven
Companies
,
conteining
in
the
four
Captains
,
twelve
Files
of
Muskettiers
,
and
six
of
Pikes
,
in
each
of
their
particular
Companies
,
and
in
the
three
Field-Officers
,
sixteen
Files
apiece
of
Muskettiers
,
and
eight
of
Pikes
,
which
amounts
to
the
number
of
864
men
.
IT
hath
been
my
observation
in
the
City
of
London
,
and
the
Suburbs
thereof
,
there
being
eighteen
Regiments
,
nine
of
the
Trained
Bands
,
and
nine
of
the
Auxiliaries
,
that
their
Regiments
in
some
have
but
six
Companies
;
others
,
and
that
for
the
most
part
seven
;
and
again
in
some
,
and
but
a
few
to
have
eight
Companies
.
I
shall
therefore
for
the
better
satisfaction
of
such
as
remain
unskill'd
herein
,
go
through
them
all
,
partly
to
shew
the
practise
of
this
our
City
in
their
several
drawings
up
,
with
the
reasons
to
confirm
the
same
.
And
having
passed
over
as
much
as
is
convenient
,
to
satisfie
any
ingenious
Souldier
concerning
the
drawing
up
of
six
Companies
in
a
Regimental-way
,
with
the
confirmation
and
reasons
of
every
particular
Officer
,
as
he
there
stands
,
it
may
in
many
things
give
full
light
to
this
that
follows
of
seven
Companies
.
Yet
nevertheless
,
for
more
fuller
satisfaction
herein
,
I
shall
shew
the
true
manner
hereof
,
that
I
may
not
be
wanting
to
any
Souldiers
benefit
that
he
shall
receive
thereby
.
Where
note
,
for
better
Order
herein
,
that
I
have
pitcht
upon
a
particular
number
of
men
,
although
it
may
many
times
fall
out
so
,
that
the
Captains
Companies
,
and
the
Field-Officers
cannot
be
so
full
as
I
have
here
set
down
.
Or
again
,
it
may
chance
to
fall
out
(
as
in
our
Trained
Bands
of
London
)
that
they
be
a
great
deal
fuller
,
as
sometimes
they
are
;
for
I
have
led
a
particular
Company
my self
upon
a
general
day
,
being
drawn
into
the
Filed
consisting
of
above
300
men
.
Yet
nevertheless
,
whether
the
Companies
be
great
or
small
,
observe
this
general
Rule
;
make
two
grand
Divisions
,
and
ballance
their
number
equal
in
both
Arms
,
and
make
no
more
Sub-divisions
then
what
you
have
Captains
to
lead
,
and
Lieutenants
to
bring
up
;
and
let
the
Serjeants
march
by
the
Flanks
,
and
not
presume
either
to
lead
,
or
bring
up
any
divisions
,
being
conceived
by
most
to
be
very
improper
.
And
again
,
if
you
fight
the
Regiment
,
let
your
Muskettiers
as
neer
as
you
can
be
equal
alike
in
their
Sub-divisions
,
as
they
may
most
conveniently
fall
out
,
whether
four
,
five
,
or
six
abrest
,
it
makes
no
great
matter
,
always
leaving
in
time
of
fight
,
between
such
numbers
of
Files
,
six
foot
of
ground
interval
,
for
to
wheel
off
their
Ranks
after
they
have
fired
.
Now
,
suppose
the
whole
Regiment
were
marching
to
their
general
place
of
Randezvous
;
the
Major
being
there
beforehand
,
attending
the
Companies
coming
in
,
he
Orders
to
the
Colonels
Company
the
most
convenient
place
for
their
drawing
up
;
and
next
to
him
,
the
fourth
Captains
Company
upon
the
left
;
and
next
to
him
,
the
third
Captain
;
and
after
him
,
the
eldest
or
first
Captain
,
which
makes
the
first
grand
Division
.
In
the
next
place
,
he
orders
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Company
to
be
on
the
left
of
the
whole
Regiment
,
standing
in
even
Front
with
the
Colonel
;
upon
the
right
of
him
,
the
second
Captain
is
placed
,
and
after
him
the
Majors
own
Company
,
which
make
up
the
second
grand
Division
.
Having
thus
far
proceeded
,
let
the
Major
command
the
Pikes
and
Colours
to
advance
forward
ten
paces
,
before
the
Front
of
Muskettiers
;
then
let
him
close
the
Pikes
of
the
first
four
Companies
to
the
right
to
Order
,
and
the
Pikes
of
the
last
to
the
left
to
Order
,
and
the
like
of
the
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
to
those
hands
,
to
the
same
distance
;
then
they
will
stand
in
four
Divisions
;
two
of
Pikes
in
the
Front
,
and
two
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
.
In
the
next
place
,
let
him
count
how
many
Files
of
Pikes
there
are
in
each
Division
,
and
he
will
finde
in
the
Colonels
Divisions
26
Files
,
and
in
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
but
twenty
two
.
To
make
these
even
,
he
must
take
off
one
File
apiece
from
the
youngest
Captains
,
and
bring
them
into
the
midst
of
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Division
;
and
then
he
will
make
them
equal
,
there
being
in
each
grand
Division
24
Files
of
Pikes
.
The
Pikes
being
made
thus
equal
,
let
him
move
down
into
the
Reer
,
and
examine
the
Muskettiers
;
where
upon
the
right
he
will
finde
52
Files
,
and
upon
the
left
but
44
;
to
make
these
even
in
number
,
he
must
take
off
one
File
apiece
from
the
four
Companies
of
the
first
grand
Division
,
and
lead
them
away
up
into
the
midst
of
the
second
;
and
then
there
will
be
in
each
grand
Division
of
Muskettiers
48
Files
apiece
.
In
the
next
place
,
let
him
face
them
to
the
right
and
left
outward
,
and
move
them
to
such
convenient
distance
,
as
he
may
after
divide
his
Muskettiers
into
four
Divisions
to
move
up
,
and
flank
the
Pikes
.
This
being
performed
,
he
ought
appoint
unto
every
Captain
and
Lieutenant
his
place
where
to
lead
,
and
where
to
bring
up
,
and
what
men
upon
all
occasions
they
are
to
fight
.
To
which
purpose
,
there
being
in
the
first
grand
Division
four
Captains
,
there
must
be
four
places
to
lead
,
and
four
to
bring
up
;
and
therefore
having
their
four
Colours
upon
the
long
March
,
that
Body
of
Pikes
may
be
divided
into
two
Divisions
,
and
to
march
with
two
Colours
in
the
first
Division
of
Pikes
,
which
are
to
be
led
by
the
eldest
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
Captain-Lieutenants
Bringer-up
.
The
second
Division
of
Pikes
is
to
be
led
by
the
fourth
Captain
,
and
to
be
brought
up
by
the
eldest
Captain-Lieutenant
.
The
Reer-guard
of
Muskettiers
in
this
grand
Division
,
is
to
be
led
by
the
third
Captain
,
and
to
be
brought
up
by
his
Lieutenant
;
who
upon
the
long
March
,
his
Captain
if
he
pleaseth
,
may
exchange
places
,
being
more
honour
to
him
to
be
there
to
bring
up
,
then
to
lead
that
Division
,
as
hath
been
formerly
exprest
.
As
concerning
the
Captain-Lieutenant
,
his
place
is
to
be
fixed
according
as
in
the
Figure
to
lead
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
and
to
be
brought
up
by
the
fourth
Captains
Lieutenant
:
but
at
such
time
when
they
are
drawn
up
all
abrest
,
they
are
to
take
their
places
as
at
first
fixed
,
both
in
their
leading
and
bringing-up
,
as
shall
be
set
forth
in
the
following
Figure
,
with
all
their
several
places
appointed
thereunto
.
As
concerning
all
the
rest
,
they
are
placed
in
manner
as
was
shewed
in
my
discourse
of
a
Regiment
consisting
of
six
Companies
.
But
here
it
may
be
objected
,
that
in
the
first
grand
Division
I
have
placed
the
Colonel
,
eldest
Captain
,
third
and
fourth
,
and
by
casting
up
their
number
of
dignity
,
we
finde
it
to
amount
unto
18
;
and
in
the
second
grand
Division
,
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
,
Major
and
second
Captain
,
whose
number
amounts
but
to
ten
.
Here
we
finde
(
say
they
)
a
great
deal
of
difference
and
alteration
,
your
intentions
principally
tending
to
make
them
equal
in
dignity
;
for
certainly
,
where
the
greater
number
is
,
there
is
the
lesser
dignity
;
and
therefore
a
wrong
unto
that
part
where
ever
it
so
falls
out
.
To
which
I
answer
,
Where
there
is
no
just
exceptions
to
be
made
to
the
contrary
,
the
former
Rule
ought
ever
to
be
preserved
in
the
keeping
an
equal
ballance
of
the
number
of
dignity
;
but
herein
it
doth
not
:
For
the
Colonel
ought
always
to
have
placed
in
his
Division
the
eldest
Captain
,
who
is
to
lead
his
Colours
,
and
the
first
Body
of
Pikes
,
which
is
the
first
place
of
honour
among
the
Captains
:
And
in
the
second
place
,
the
Majors
Company
is
always
drawn
up
upon
the
outmost
part
,
on
the
right
of
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
grand
Division
,
to
carry
an
equal
proportion
of
number
,
they
being
the
second
and
third
worth
unto
that
of
the
first
or
fourth
,
as
is
in
the
Colonels
.
In
the
next
place
,
the
second
Captains
turn
comes
to
be
regarded
,
who
by
the
same
Rule
,
as
the
eldest
Captain
layes
claim
to
carry
the
first
honour
,
by
leading
the
first
Body
of
Pikes
,
and
the
Colonels
Colours
;
so
the
second
Captain
cannot
expect
any
other
,
but
to
be
placed
to
lead
the
second
Body
of
Pikes
,
&
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Colours
.
Now
there
being
an
odd
Captain
,
he
must
be
either
placed
upon
the
right
or
left
;
he
is
therefore
thought
in
discretion
to
be
rather
placed
with
the
Colonel
in
his
Division
,
that
his
Colours
may
there
flie
,
marching
four
together
,
being
far
more
honourable
and
graceful
then
that
of
three
,
as
in
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
;
and
therefore
where
there
is
an
honour
in
that
kinde
which
cannot
be
divided
,
it
is
very
fit
and
requisite
to
place
and
fix
it
with
him
that
is
the
Commander
in
chief
.
As
for
number
of
men
,
both
Divisions
are
equal
alike
;
and
therefore
,
I
conceive
,
what
hath
been
spoken
may
take
off
all
objections
of
this
nature
.
And
now
according
to
my
promise
,
I
shall
set
forth
the
manner
of
the
standing
of
seven
Companies
in
a
Regimental
way
,
with
all
the
several
places
of
honour
appointed
forth
unto
them
,
either
marching
,
or
standing
all
even
abrest
:
If
they
be
upon
the
long
march
,
they
are
to
observe
that
manner
set
down
in
six
Companies
,
onely
to
minde
that
alteration
before
expressed
:
the
Figure
of
their
drawing
up
,
and
the
Officers
stated
in
their
proper
places
,
follows
in
Folio
156.
From
which
Figure
I
shall
draw
up
another
,
placing
the
Souldiers
in
Battalia
,
which
may
be
useful
for
them
to
fight-upon
.
Command
.
Pikes
in
both
Divisions
,
face
inward
,
inmost
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
face
outward
,
march
,
and
interchange
ground
with
other
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
The
four
inmost
Files
of
Muskettiers
next
the
Pikes
,
Let
them
be
at
open
Order
in
their
Ranks
and
Files
,
and
the
two
grand
Divisions
standing
in
one
even
Front
together
.
face
about
,
and
march
six
foot
cleer
from
the
Pikes
,
and
stand
;
then
close
their
Files
to
the
right
and
left
to
Order
,
in
their
own
particular
divisions
;
then
face
inward
,
and
march
all
together
,
until
they
stand
six
foot
cleer
of
each
other
;
face
to
your
Leader
.
The
next
five
Files
of
Muskettiers
in
each
side
of
Pikes
,
advance
18
foot
before
the
Front
;
then
close
their
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
and
Ranks
forward
to
Order
;
Pikes
,
close
your
Ranks
forward
to
Order
,
and
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
:
every
five
Files
of
Muskettiers
close
inward
to
Order
,
and
Ranks
forward
to
Order
;
then
face
to
the
Pikes
,
and
march
forward
,
being
betwixt
every
five
Files
of
Muskettiers
six
foot
of
ground
distance
each
from
other
,
and
the
same
distance
from
the
Body
,
of
Pikes
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
.
The
12
outmost
Files
of
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
,
advance
forward
six
foot
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
then
move
forward
the
three
outmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
12
paces
;
then
face
them
inward
,
and
move
them
until
they
stand
streight
before
the
five
remaining
divisions
;
face
all
to
your
Leader
.
The
middle-division
of
Muskettiers
of
those
three
taken
off
before
from
each
Flank
,
move
forward
six
foot
cleer
of
the
standing
part
;
the
three
middlemost
divisions
of
the
five
remaining
upon
each
Flank
,
move
up
until
you
stand
six
foot
short
of
the
divisions
which
are
before
you
;
the
two
outmost
divisions
of
the
last
three
that
moved
,
face
outward
,
and
march
six
foot
cleer
of
the
former
divisions
between
them
:
The
two
remaining
divisions
by
the
outside
of
Pikes
move
inward
,
until
you
stand
streight
in
the
Reer
with
the
two
Front-divisions
,
facing
all
to
their
Leader
,
they
will
stand
as
is
set
forth
unto
your
view
in
Folio
156.
Notwithstanding
the
former
directions
of
drawing
forth
the
Figure
,
make
this
alteration
;
wheel
off
the
first
two
divisions
of
Muskettiers
before
the
Pikes
,
and
place
them
six
foot
behind
the
Reer
of
those
upon
the
Flanks
,
and
before
you
reduce
them
,
carry
them
into
their
first
places
.
In
this
Figure
you
have
Forlorns
,
aptly
standing
to
the
Wings
and
main
Body
of
Pikes
,
with
Reserves
to
them
all
,
so
that
I
shall
not
need
to
trouble
my self
for
to
describe
what
firings
might
be
here
performed
upon
the
same
,
they
lying
so
apparent
to
the
view
;
the
divisions
being
cleer
each
of
other
,
any
ingenious
Commander
may
fire
them
according
unto
his
own
best
discretion
,
continuing
the
same
as
long
as
he
shall
think
fitting
;
and
therefore
passing
it
by
,
and
leaving
it
to
their
own
liberty
,
I
come
in
the
next
place
to
reduce
them
again
into
private
Companies
.
Reducement
.
Pikes
of
the
main
Body
,
advance
forward
,
and
range
even
abrest
with
the
Pikes
before
you
;
the
two
last
divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
move
up
,
and
Flank
the
Pikes
;
the
two
divisions
of
Muskettiers
before
the
Front
,
face
about
,
and
move
down
upon
the
right
and
left
of
the
other
two
divisions
of
Muskettiers
;
to
your
Leader
.
The
two
last
divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
of
the
Flanks
,
advance
forward
to
the
right
and
left
,
and
range
even
abrest
on
the
outside
of
those
three
divisions
that
stands
before
you
:
Single
divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Front
of
each
Wing
,
face
about
,
and
move
down
even
abrest
with
the
Reer
of
the
next
divisions
.
The
eight
divisions
of
Muskettiers
upon
each
Wing
,
face
about
;
the
five
first
Divisions
move
down
,
and
range
even
abrest
with
the
Reer
;
the
three
last
move
to
the
right
,
and
left
outward
,
until
you
be
cleer
of
the
rest
;
face
to
the
Reer
,
and
move
down
in
like
manner
,
and
Rank
even
with
the
rest
;
after
face
all
to
the
Front
,
and
they
will
all
stand
in
one
even
Front
.
Next
command
the
Pikes
to
face
outward
,
and
the
five
inmost
divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
each
Flank
,
face
inward
;
then
march
and
interchange
ground
each
with
other
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
;
they
will
stand
again
in
two
grand
Divisions
all
even
abrest
in
the
Front
.
In
the
next
place
,
let
those
six
Files
be
taken
off
by
the
Serjeants
of
their
own
Companies
from
the
two
grand
Divisisions
,
and
be
brought
into
their
first
places
.
After
the
Major
may
give
order
to
every
Captain
to
draw
off
his
men
,
and
put
them
into
Companies
again
,
which
is
easily
done
;
after
the
Regiment
may
be
ordered
to
march
home
in
single
Companies
,
either
by
succession
or
dignity
,
which
he
pleaseth
.
And
here
I
shall
conclude
concerning
a
Regiment
of
several
Companies
.
formation
formation
CHAP.
XIV
.
The
manner
of
drawing
up
and
placing
the
Officers
of
a
Regiment
consisting
of
eight
Companies
,
having
in
it
a
Colonel
,
a
Lieutenant-Colonel
,
a
Major
,
and
five
Captains
:
their
number
of
men
in
each
Company
,
being
equal
with
the
former
Regiment
,
they
amount
unto
972
men
.
IT
concerns
a
Major
(
provided
he
have
room
enough
)
to
draw
up
every
Company
even
abrest
,
and
to
give
unto
every
Captain
his
due
place
of
honour
;
after
which
,
he
may
proceed
to
order
them
in
a
regimental
way
.
Wherefore
,
briefly
thus
;
observe
the
manner
of
the
Dignity
of
every
Captain
,
how
they
ought
to
be
placed
,
first
the
Colonels
Company
being
drawn
up
in
its
convenient
place
;
next
to
him
upon
the
left
stands
the
third
Captain
;
and
next
to
him
the
fourth
;
and
the
next
that
follows
is
the
eldest
:
these
four
Captains
being
drawn
up
after
this
manner
,
makes
the
first
grand
Division
;
and
therefore
I
shall
endeavour
to
give
Reasons
for
to
confirm
this
,
before
I
shall
proceed
upon
the
second
,
as
being
the
right
half-ranks
,
which
ought
to
carry
an
equal
proportion
of
Worth
,
Honour
,
and
Dignity
with
that
of
the
last
.
Where
,
first
,
take
notice
,
that
the
Colonel
being
the
most
worthiest
man
,
is
placed
upon
the
right
,
and
is
the
first
place
of
Honour
;
and
the
outmost
upon
the
left
is
the
eldest
Captain
,
which
is
the
fourth
Worth
,
there
being
the
Colonel
,
Lieutenant-Colonel
,
and
Major
above
him
:
now
consider
that
the
first
and
fourth
Worth
makes
the
number
five
;
betwixt
these
two
is
drawn
up
the
third
and
fourth
Captains
,
which
are
the
sixth
and
seventh
Worth
,
whose
number
carries
13
;
add
them
to
that
number
above
,
and
it
makes
18.
In
the
next
place
,
since
it
is
the
judgement
of
most
Souldiers
,
that
there
should
be
an
equal
proportion
of
Skill
,
Valour
,
and
Worth
,
the
Reer-half-files
answerable
to
them
of
the
Front
:
so
likewise
the
same
rule
is
to
be
observed
between
the
right
and
left
half-ranks
;
That
whether
we
consider
the
Front-divisions
,
or
Reer
,
right
or
left
half-ranks
,
they
may
be
so
ballanced
in
every
kind
of
respect
,
with
true
proportion
;
so
neer
as
the
knowledge
of
the
Souldiers
,
and
number
of
men
will
give
leave
.
To
which
purpose
,
I
will
proceed
to
draw
up
the
second
grand
Division
,
and
compare
it
to
the
first
;
The
Lieutenant-Colonels
Company
being
drawn
up
upon
the
left
of
the
whole
Regiment
;
upon
his
right
,
is
the
second
Captain
drawn
up
;
and
next
to
him
the
fifth
Captain
;
after
,
the
Major
upon
the
right
of
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Division
.
Now
,
if
we
consider
,
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
he
is
the
second
man
of
Honour
,
and
therefore
ought
to
be
upon
the
outmost
part
of
the
Front
on
the
left
,
when
the
Companies
are
marching
all
even
abrest
;
but
upon
the
Long-march
he
is
to
fall
down
into
the
Reer
;
the
outmost
upon
the
right
of
his
Division
is
the
Majors
Company
placed
,
and
he
is
the
third
man
of
Honour
.
Now
the
third
Worth
and
second
will
carry
equal
ballance
of
number
with
that
of
the
first
and
fourth
:
and
so
have
I
set
forth
the
four
first
places
of
Honour
,
which
,
I
suppose
,
no
knowing
Souldier
can
deny
.
Betwixt
the
second
and
third
Worth
is
drawn
up
the
second
Captain
and
fifth
;
the
second
Captain
is
the
fifth
Worth
,
and
the
fifth
Captain
is
the
eighth
,
which
makes
the
number
13
,
and
will
carry
an
equal
weight
of
number
with
those
in
the
midst
of
the
first
and
fourth
Worth
.
Now
having
stated
the
several
Worths
of
the
second
grand
Division
,
being
compared
together
,
makes
a
like
number
of
18
unto
that
of
the
first
Division
.
And
to
take
off
all
Objections
that
might
be
made
concerning
the
second
Captain
and
fifth
,
why
they
should
not
rather
be
placed
in
the
first
Division
,
then
in
the
second
,
because
it
hath
been
held
by
the
opinion
of
some
,
it
should
be
so
,
but
never
any
substantial
reason
to
be
given
for
the
same
:
Therefore
,
unto
this
I
shall
say
,
that
they
ought
to
be
there
where
I
have
placed
them
,
in
respect
of
what
I
have
formerly
said
,
that
as
it
is
the
first
place
of
Honour
amongst
the
Captains
to
lead
the
first
Body
of
Pikes
,
where
the
Colonels
Colours
does
flie
,
and
to
make
them
of
the
second
Division
equal
in
number
with
the
first
;
the
youngest
Captain
,
which
is
the
eighth
Worth
,
is
brought
in
,
and
joyned
to
the
second
Captain
,
who
is
the
fifth
,
and
therefore
a
File
or
a
Rank
ought
to
be
set
forth
in
Dignity
after
this
manner
,
in
respect
there
is
no
truer
stating
the
Dignity
of
a
single
File
or
Rank
,
then
that
which
shall
conform
to
greater
Bodies
,
as
that
of
Regiments
.
And
thus
much
briefly
shall
suffice
to
be
spoken
concerning
the
second
grand
Division
,
for
the
placing
the
second
and
fifth
Captains
betwixt
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
and
the
Majors
,
in
respect
the
second
Captain
stands
very
aptly
there
to
receive
his
proper
place
,
and
the
youngest
Captain
is
brought
in
to
ballance
their
Dignities
unto
that
of
the
first
.
In
the
next
place
,
I
shall
shew
how
they
ought
to
be
drawn
up
in
a
Regimental
way
:
being
all
even
abrest
as
before
,
command
Muskettiers
to
face
about
,
and
to
march
down
12
foot
clear
of
the
Reer
,
then
face
to
the
Front
,
after
close
Files
outward
to
Order
of
each
Arms
,
then
subdivide
each
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
and
move
them
up
to
flank
each
Body
of
Pikes
.
And
having
accounted
and
cast
up
the
number
of
Files
of
each
Arms
in
each
grand
Division
,
you
will
finde
the
Colonels
Division
to
have
in
it
26
Files
of
Pikes
,
and
52
Files
of
Muskettiers
;
next
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Division
being
examined
,
you
will
finde
that
to
have
in
it
28
Files
of
Pikes
,
and
56
Files
of
Muskettiers
.
Now
to
make
these
equal
in
number
,
there
must
be
taken
forth
one
File
of
Pikes
,
and
two
of
Muskettiers
from
the
second
grand
Division
,
and
place
one
a
piece
in
the
midst
of
the
first
Division
,
in
every
one
of
their
particular
Divisions
,
and
they
will
contain
equal
alike
in
each
grand
Division
27
Files
of
Pikes
,
and
54
Files
of
Muskettiers
.
In
the
next
place
,
the
Major
may
assign
unto
every
Captain
and
Lieutenant
where
his
place
shall
be
to
lead
,
and
where
to
bring
up
;
the
Colonel
being
upon
the
head
of
his
Division
,
and
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
upon
the
head
of
the
second
grand
Division
,
the
Major
in
the
Front
betwixt
them
both
,
or
where
else
he
pleaseth
,
being
an
Officer
always
to
act
through
the
whole
Regiment
.
And
in
the
first
place
he
appoints
the
Captain-Lieutenant
to
be
on
the
head
of
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
and
to
be
brought
up
with
the
fourth
Captains
Lieutenant
;
next
he
orders
the
eldest
Captain
to
be
on
the
head
of
the
first
Division
of
Pikes
,
and
to
be
brought
up
by
the
Captain-Lieutenants
Bringer-up
;
and
the
fourth
Captain
to
be
on
the
head
of
the
second
division
of
Pikes
,
and
to
be
brought
up
by
the
eldest
Captains
Lieutenant
;
and
the
second
division
of
Muskettiers
he
appoints
unto
the
third
Captain
,
and
to
be
brought
up
by
his
own
Lieutenant
;
and
upon
the
Long-march
,
let
him
and
his
Captain
change
places
until
such
time
they
shall
draw
up
again
.
After
he
orders
his
own
Lieutenant
to
be
on
the
head
of
the
third
division
of
Muskettiers
;
and
the
third
division
of
Pikes
he
appoints
to
the
fifth
Captain
,
and
to
be
brought
up
by
his
own
Lieutenant
;
the
fourth
Division
of
Pikes
is
ordered
to
be
the
second
Captains
place
,
and
brought
up
by
his
own
Lieutenant
;
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Lieutenant
is
appointed
to
the
fourth
and
last
division
of
Muskettiers
,
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
upon
the
Long-march
bringing
up
the
whole
Regiment
.
It
might
be
supposed
the
Captain-Lieutenant
,
Lieutenant-Colonels
and
Majors
Lieutenants
have
too
great
places
of
Honour
:
but
to
answer
them
all
,
their
Captains
being
Field-Officers
,
and
upon
several
occasions
moving
off
,
their
Lieutenants
do
officiate
there
in
their
rooms
,
and
are
but
as
assistants
unto
them
;
for
likewise
upon
several
occasions
they
come
to
those
places
themselves
to
lead
,
marching
there
before
their
Lieutenants
.
As
concerning
the
placing
of
all
the
rest
of
the
other
Officers
,
they
lie
clearly
,
for
as
much
as
formerly
hath
been
spoken
in
their
proper
places
,
without
(
as
I
conceive
)
the
exceptions
of
any
.
Secondly
,
u●on
the
Long-march
the
Colonel
draws
off
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
and
leads
them
,
marching
some
12
foot
before
his
Captain-Lieutenant
;
and
that
division
is
brought
up
by
the
fourth
Captains
Lieutenant
,
the
Colours
marching
two
and
two
upon
every
division
,
whereof
the
first
is
drawn
off
and
led
by
the
first
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
Captain-Lieutenants
Bringer-up
;
the
next
division
of
Pikes
falling
in
the
Reer
of
the
first
,
and
led
by
the
fourth
Captain
,
and
brought
upo
the
first
Captains
Lieutenant
;
the
second
division
of
Muskettiers
is
led
by
the
:
●ird
Captains
Lieutenant
,
and
brought
up
by
his
own
Captain
;
the
fourth
or
first
division
of
Muskettiers
in
the
second
grand
Division
is
led
by
the
Major
,
when
he
pleaseth
,
some
12
foot
before
his
own
Lieutenant
;
and
the
third
Division
of
Pikes
is
led
by
the
fifth
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
his
own
Lieutenant
;
the
fourth
and
last
division
of
Pikes
is
led
by
the
second
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
his
own
Lieutenant
;
the
fourth
and
last
Division
of
Muskettiers
is
led
by
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Lieutenant
,
the
Reer
of
the
whole
Regiment
being
brought
up
by
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
.
Thus
every
Division
is
to
march
by
succession
,
the
one
in
the
Reer
of
another
,
keeping
eighteen
foot
distance
betwixt
every
Division
,
until
they
shall
have
room
to
march
all
even
abrest
,
and
then
with
very
little
alteration
with
the
third
Captain
,
changing
places
,
with
his
own
Lieutenant
,
they
are
all
to
take
their
places
again
,
as
at
first
.
Having
now
set
forth
the
true
Dignity
of
every
Captains
and
Lieutenants
place
,
what
men
they
shall
take
charge
on
to
fight
,
where
to
lead
,
and
where
to
bring
up
;
I
shall
spare
the
Figure
in
respect
I
shall
shew
(
with
very
little
alteration
)
the
manner
of
drawing
up
and
marching
of
divers
Regiments
that
were
under
the
command
of
the
late
Earl
of
Essex
.
The
first
grand
Division
in
respect
of
every
Officer
and
place
,
is
to
be
ordered
as
the
former
;
only
in
the
second
,
there
will
be
this
small
alteration
,
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Company
and
the
Majors
are
to
enterchange
places
,
the
rest
are
to
remain
as
they
were
,
only
with
this
alteration
following
;
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Lieutenant
is
to
lead
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
until
such
time
that
his
Lieutenant
Colonel
shall
come
unto
that
place
;
and
then
he
is
to
bring
up
that
Division
being
near
at
hand
,
that
if
his
Lieutenant-Colonel
should
upon
some
just
occasions
be
called
off
,
he
may
immediatly
move
up
,
and
lead
there
in
his
absence
.
For
upon
the
Long-march
,
as
the
Colonel
leads
the
first
grand
Division
,
so
it
is
conceived
by
some
,
(
they
marching
in
two
grand
Divisions
some
twenty
paces
distance
from
each
other
in
manner
of
two
regimental
Marchings
)
that
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
ought
to
lead
the
second
.
Next
,
let
the
First
Division
of
Pikes
be
led
by
the
second
Captain
,
and
to
be
brought
up
by
the
fifth
Captains
Lieutenant
;
and
the
second
Division
of
Pikes
to
be
led
by
the
fifth
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
second
Captains
Lieutenant
;
the
last
Division
of
Muskettiers
to
be
led
by
the
Majors
Lieutenant
,
and
the
Reer
of
the
second
grant
Division
being
left
for
the
Major
to
bring
up
,
at
such
time
as
with
conveniency
he
may
be
spared
.
Therefore
,
to
march
thus
,
it
being
a
very
good
way
,
and
with
very
little
alteration
to
be
made
,
I
was
unwilling
to
pass
it
by
,
leaving
it
to
the
discretion
of
every
ingenious
Souldier
,
to
make
use
of
which
way
he
best
pleaseth
,
or
likes
of
,
whilest
I
in
the
next
place
shall
set
forth
the
Figure
,
which
follows
in
pag.
161
;
affording
more
variety
in
the
same
.
CHAP.
XV.
How
to
make
the
Figure
of
a
Ring
,
with
its
use
and
service
.
formation
But
,
methinks
,
I
hear
some
say
,
Of
what
use
or
service
upon
any
occasion
may
this
Ring
be
unto
the
Souldier
?
To
whom
I
answer
,
that
it
is
one
of
the
most
serviceable
Figures
that
can
be
made
,
to
secure
the
Souldier
from
danger
against
the
furious
charge
of
Horse
in
Campania
;
the
accomplishing
,
or
making
of
it
up
,
being
easily
and
suddenly
performed
,
the
Muskettiers
having
Pallizadoes
,
may
advance
three
or
four
paces
,
and
stick
them
down
in
such
manner
,
as
they
may
keep
the
Horse
from
breaking
in
among
them
.
And
after
,
if
they
should
be
charged
round
,
they
may
give
fire
over
them
against
their
enemies
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
themselves
;
yet
nevertheless
,
if
the
Horse
should
be
undaunted
,
and
attempt
to
come
on
again
,
they
may
resist
them
with
a
more
desperate
charge
after
this
manner
,
bringing
all
hands
to
fight
,
and
to
pour
out
their
shot
,
or
to
fire
altogether
after
this
kind
.
Command
first
the
Pikes
to
move
forward
,
until
they
be
three
foot
behind
the
Muskettiers
,
then
let
every
File
rank
to
the
right
,
which
will
make
them
to
stand
but
one
abrest
in
one
single
Ring
behind
the
Muskettiers
.
Now
that
all
hands
may
be
brought
to
fight
together
,
command
the
first
Rank
of
Muskettiers
to
kneel
down
,
the
second
stoop
,
and
the
third
stand
upright
;
then
let
all
close
forward
to
close
Order
,
and
let
the
Pikes
,
as
occasion
shall
require
,
charge
betwixt
the
Muskettiers
,
who
may
fire
altogether
,
and
the
Pikes
may
charge
on
whilest
the
Muskettiers
make
ready
again
.
The
Pallizadoes
formerly
stuck
,
keeping
off
the
Horse
from
breaking
in
upon
them
,
they
may
fire
after
this
manner
,
as
often
as
they
please
.
And
so
much
may
suffice
to
be
spoken
concerning
the
service
and
use
that
may
be
made
of
it
in
time
of
fight
;
and
now
in
the
next
place
I
come
to
reduce
them
into
Companies
again
as
at
first
.
Let
the
Pikes
that
ranked
to
the
right
,
file
three
to
the
left
as
they
were
,
and
let
the
Bringers-up
that
doubled
face
about
to
the
right
,
and
march
forth
into
their
places
.
Then
let
the
Major
come
to
that
place
where
he
closed
the
Ring
,
and
brake
it
off
,
wheeling
them
all
along
about
to
the
left
,
until
he
hath
brought
them
to
stand
in
one
even
Front
as
at
first
;
the
same
in
like
manner
to
be
performed
of
the
Pikes
,
and
to
stand
in
the
Reer
of
the
Muskettiers
.
Next
,
let
the
Muskettiers
and
Pikes
face
outward
,
and
move
to
such
convenient
distance
,
that
after
the
Muskettiers
may
be
subdivided
again
,
and
the
Pikes
move
up
,
and
double
their
Front
inward
entire
in
each
grand
Division
.
Which
being
brought
into
that
form
,
each
Captain
may
draw
off
his
men
,
being
so
commanded
by
the
Major
,
and
compleat
up
his
Company
again
,
and
be
after
disposed
of
to
farther
duty
,
or
to
march
home
to
their
Quarters
according
to
command
.
And
here
I
shall
conclude
this
Regiment
of
eight
Companies
.
formation
CHAP.
XVIII
.
The
manner
of
drawing
up
a
Regiment
consisting
of
ten
Companies
,
having
in
it
seven
Captains
,
and
three
Field-Officers
,
being
in
each
particular
Company
the
former
numbers
,
which
in
all
amounts
unto
1198
men
.
THe
Major
having
ground
sufficient
for
the
drawing
up
the
Regiment
,
after
the
Colonels
Company
hath
made
Alt
,
next
to
him
upon
the
left
he
draws
up
the
youngest
Captain
,
which
is
the
tenth
;
and
the
next
to
him
the
third
Captain
,
which
is
the
sixth
;
after
that
the
fourth
Captain
,
which
is
the
seventh
;
then
the
first
Captain
,
which
is
the
fourth
:
then
the
Majors
,
which
is
the
third
;
next
to
him
the
fifth
Captain
,
which
is
the
eighth
;
and
after
that
the
second
Captain
,
which
is
the
fifth
;
then
the
sixth
Captain
,
which
is
the
ninth
.
All
these
being
drawn
up
upon
the
left
of
the
Colonels
Company
,
the
closier
of
all
upon
the
left
,
is
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Company
,
whose
figure
carries
the
number
2.
Place
now
all
these
numbers
of
Dignity
according
to
the
former
Figures
,
and
they
will
stand
as
followeth
in
a
Rank
.
2
:
9
:
5
:
8
:
3.
|
4
:
7
:
6
:
10
:
1.
|
27
|
28.
|
In
the
next
place
compare
the
Dignity
of
the
right
Half-ranks
with
the
left
,
and
they
are
ballanced
as
neer
as
can
be
possible
to
be
equal
,
there
being
one
odd
,
which
of
necessity
must
be
cast
upon
the
right
Half-ranks
,
for
the
reasons
formerly
exprest
,
in
placing
the
second
Captain
into
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Division
.
Then
according
to
the
former
rule
,
draw
forth
the
Pikes
,
and
ingross
them
into
two
Bodies
,
and
the
like
of
the
Muskettiers
;
after
sub-divide
the
Muskettiers
,
and
make
them
four
divisions
,
and
move
them
up
to
flank
the
Pikes
,
and
then
they
will
be
in
two
compleat
grand
Divisions
.
In
the
next
place
,
let
the
Major
order
forth
unto
the
Captains
and
Lieutenants
their
several
places
to
lead
and
to
bring
up
,
after
this
manner
.
There
being
two
grand
Divisions
,
having
in
them
five
Captains
,
and
five
Lieutenants
,
it
will
be
necessary
to
appoint
our
five
several
Charges
in
the
first
grand
Division
to
lead
,
and
five
to
bring
up
,
after
this
manner
.
As
first
,
divide
the
Van-guard
into
two
Divisions
,
the
first
to
be
led
by
the
Captain-Lieutenant
,
and
brought
up
by
his
Bringer-up
:
the
second
Division
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Van
to
be
led
by
the
third
Captains
Lieutenant
,
and
to
be
brought
up
by
the
fourth
Captains
Lieutenant
.
The
first
division
of
Pikes
is
to
have
the
three
first
Colours
to
fly
upon
the
head
of
them
,
and
to
be
led
by
the
eldest
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
seventh
Captains
Lieutenant
:
the
next
division
of
Pikes
to
be
led
by
the
fourth
Captain
,
having
his
own
and
the
eldest
Captains
Colours
flying
upon
the
head
of
them
,
and
to
be
brought
up
by
the
seventh
,
or
youngest
Captain
in
the
Regiment
:
the
Reer-guard
of
Muskettiers
of
the
first
grand
Division
to
be
led
by
the
third
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
eldest
Captains
Lieutenant
,
who
upon
the
Long-march
these
two
are
to
inter-change
places
if
the
third
Captain
desire
it
,
and
having
such
permission
from
the
Major
,
being
more
honour
to
bring
up
,
then
to
lead
,
as
was
said
before
in
the
former
Regiments
.
Next
follows
the
placing
of
the
Officers
in
the
second
grand
Division
:
let
the
Van-guard
of
Muskettiers
there
be
led
by
the
Majors
Lieutenant
,
or
by
himself
when
he
pleaseth
,
and
be
brought
up
by
the
fifth
Captains
Lieutenant
:
next
let
the
first
Division
of
Pikes
be
led
by
the
fifth
Captain
;
having
two
Colours
flying
in
the
head
of
them
,
the
Majors
,
and
his
own
,
and
to
be
brought
up
by
the
sixth
Captains
Lieutenant
:
let
the
next
Division
of
Pikes
be
led
by
the
second
Captain
,
having
three
Colours
flying
on
the
head
of
them
,
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
,
his
own
,
and
the
sixth
Captains
,
and
let
that
be
brought
up
by
the
second
Captains
Lieutenant
:
let
the
last
Division
of
Muskettiers
be
led
by
the
sixth
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Lieutenant
;
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
upon
the
Long-march
bringing
up
the
Reer
of
the
Regiment
,
some
12
foot
behind
his
own
Lieutenant
.
I
shall
in
the
next
place
shew
the
Reasons
for
the
thus
placing
of
the
Officers
,
where
first
I
shall
endeavour
to
clear
the
first
grand
Division
,
which
will
occasion
the
second
to
be
more
easily
resolved
.
Where
briefly
thus
,
as
concerning
the
Colonel
,
eldest
Captain
,
third
Captain
,
and
Captain-Lieutenant
,
I
shall
pass
them
over
,
having
formerly
spoken
sufficient
to
satisfie
any
Souldier
therein
.
It
follows
therefore
to
speak
of
the
fourth
Captains
place
,
which
is
the
next
man
of
Honour
after
the
former
,
and
therefore
is
placed
to
lead
the
second
Division
of
Pikes
,
which
is
more
honour
to
him
to
lead
there
,
then
to
lead
a
sub-division
of
Muskettiers
.
In
the
Van-guard
next
to
him
in
Honour
in
this
Division
,
is
the
seventh
Captain
,
who
is
appointed
to
bring
up
the
first
grand
Body
of
Pikes
,
which
likewise
is
more
Honour
unto
him
,
then
to
lead
or
bring
up
any
sub-division
of
Muskettiers
;
as
before
expressed
.
Having
thus
resolved
of
all
the
Captains
,
and
Captain-Lieutenants
place
,
next
follows
the
reasons
of
the
Lieutenants
places
;
where
first
take
notice
that
the
eldest
Captains
Lieutenant
is
appointed
to
bring
up
the
Reer-guard
,
which
next
the
Pikes
is
the
greatest
place
of
honor
in
the
reer
,
and
a
very
honorable
place
unto
him
;
or
if
he
alters
places
with
the
third
Captain
upon
the
Long-march
,
yet
nevertheless
he
hath
the
chiefest
place
of
honour
after
the
Capt.
Lieut.
amongst
all
the
Lieutenants
unto
those
places
he
is
ordered
unto
.
The
third
Captains
Lieutenant
is
assigned
to
the
next
place
,
who
leads
the
second
Division
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Van-guard
,
which
is
more
honour
to
him
then
to
bring
up
any
such
Division
;
after
follows
him
the
fourth
Captains
Lieutenant
,
who
brings
up
the
Reer
of
the
Van-guard
,
which
is
more
honour
to
him
,
of
the
places
remaining
,
to
be
there
,
then
to
bring
up
either
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
or
the
first
Division
of
Pikes
.
Lastly
,
the
seventh
Captains
Lieutenant
is
placed
to
bring
up
the
first
Division
of
Pikes
,
which
being
the
more
honourable
Arms
,
it
adds
more
honour
to
him
to
be
there
to
bring
up
,
then
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
which
being
the
last
place
of
honour
,
it
is
given
to
the
Captain-Lieutenants
Bringer-up
to
be
there
.
And
thus
much
shall
suffice
for
the
reasons
of
the
places
of
the
first
grand
Division
.
Now
for
placing
of
the
Officers
of
the
second
grand
Division
,
I
shall
not
need
to
speak
any
thing
concerning
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Major
,
Second
Captain
,
and
the
Majors
Lieutenants
place
,
in
regard
in
the
former
Regiments
I
have
endeavoured
to
give
the
Souldier
satisfaction
therein
.
Therefore
next
to
those
in
this
grand
Division
follows
to
be
spoken
is
the
fifth
Captain
,
who
is
the
next
man
of
honour
,
and
therefore
hath
his
due
place
appointed
out
to
him
to
lead
the
first
division
of
Pikes
,
where
the
Majors
and
his
own
Colours
flie
,
which
is
more
honour
to
him
to
lead
there
the
Van
of
the
Pikes
,
then
the
Reer-guard
of
Muskettiers
.
Next
to
him
is
the
sixth
Captain
,
which
next
the
Pikes
hath
his
due
place
of
honour
remaining
to
him
to
lead
the
Reer-guard
.
Having
thus
resolved
the
Captains
places
,
I
shall
in
the
next
endeavour
to
shew
the
Lieutenants
,
where
first
it
falls
to
the
Lieut.
Colonels
Lieutenant
to
be
placed
first
,
who
is
ordered
to
bring
up
the
Reer
,
to
be
an
assistant
unto
his
Lieut.
Colonel
,
who
is
a
Field-Officer
,
and
may
have
many
occasions
to
fall
off
,
and
therefore
he
requires
his
Lieutenant
to
be
present
with
his
men
there
,
as
the
Colonels
doth
his
in
the
Front
.
And
as
much
may
be
said
of
the
Majors
Lieutenant
,
but
passing
him
by
,
I
come
next
to
the
second
Captains
Lieutenant
,
who
is
appointed
to
bring
up
the
Reer
of
the
second
Body
of
Pikes
,
which
is
the
greatest
place
of
honour
that
is
in
the
Reer
next
to
the
Lieu.
Colonels
Lieutenant
.
After
him
follows
the
fifth
Captains
Lieutenant
,
who
is
placed
to
bring
up
the
Reer
of
the
Van-guard
of
this
division
,
which
is
more
honor
then
to
bring
up
the
Van
of
the
Pikes
,
whose
turn
being
the
last
place
of
honor
,
fals
to
him
that
is
the
youngest
Lieutenant
,
which
is
the
sixth
Captains
Lieutenant
.
:
And
thus
as
briefly
as
I
could
I
have
run
over
all
the
reasons
for
the
placing
of
the
Officers
in
the
Regiment
drawn
up
after
this
manner
,
that
I
might
not
be
wanting
unto
the
desire
of
any
such
who
are
willing
to
be
informed
therein
,
being
always
ready
to
employ
my self
in
as
plain
a
way
as
I
can
for
the
benefit
of
all
true
loving
Souldiers
,
who
are
concerned
herein
.
And
therefore
,
for
their
better
satisfaction
,
let
them
cast
their
eye
upon
the
Figure
,
as
it
is
demonstrated
between
Folio
161
and
162
,
where
they
shall
see
every
man
placed
according
to
my
former
Discourse
.
CHAP.
XVII
.
The
manner
both
of
the
drawing
up
,
and
the
order
of
the
Long-march
of
Colonel
Rainsborough
his
Regiment
,
bringing
up
the
Reer
of
the
Foot
of
the
Army
under
the
Command
of
the
Lord
General
Fairfax
,
at
their
first
marching
through
the
City
of
London
,
on
the
seventh
of
August
,
1647.
THe
first
order
of
drawing
up
the
Regiment
at
their
first
place
of
Randevous
,
before
they
marched
or
joyn'd
with
the
Army
,
was
thus
:
The
Colonels
Company
being
upon
the
out-most
part
of
the
right
of
the
Regiment
;
next
to
his
left
by
succession
was
drawn
up
the
second
,
sixth
,
fifth
,
and
first
Captain
,
which
make
up
his
Division
,
or
the
right
Half-ranks
in
their
first
drawing
up
to
be
compleat
,
and
may
in
their
Figure
of
Dignity
standing
in
a
rank
be
demonstrated
as
followeth
,
4
:
8
:
9
:
5
:
1
:
This
number
of
Worth
being
cast
up
,
amounteth
to
27.
And
thus
much
for
the
Colonels
Division
.
Now
for
the
left
Half-ranks
,
or
Lieutenant-Colonels
Division
,
(
as
many
times
it
is
so
ordred
and
appointed
)
his
own
Company
being
drawn
up
upon
the
outmost
part
on
the
left
of
the
Regiment
;
and
next
to
his
right
after
each
other
is
drawn
up
the
third
,
seventh
,
fourth
,
and
Majors
Company
;
whose
Figure
of
Dignity
standing
Rank-wise
,
may
be
thus
described
,
2
:
6
:
10
:
7
:
3
:
and
their
number
of
Dignity
in
all
amounteth
to
28.
Where
you
may
perceive
a
rule
that
the
Discretion
of
the
Major
walketh
by
,
in
the
drawing
up
of
the
Regiment
,
to
ballance
with
as
neer
proportion
as
he
can
the
Number
,
Worth
,
and
Dignity
of
his
right
Half-ranks
,
or
right
Flank
,
sutable
with
that
of
the
left
.
For
it
would
be
unreasonable
that
all
the
best
men
should
be
on
the
right
,
and
that
the
left
of
the
Regiment
who
are
to
oppose
the
Enemies
right
should
have
the
weakest
or
meanest
men
of
Worth
:
therefore
without
all
question
,
that
Body
of
men
that
shall
be
drawn
up
so
as
to
make
all
parts
of
equal
Worth
,
and
Strength
,
as
the
right
Flank
with
the
left
,
the
Front
with
the
Reer
,
so
that
where-ever
the
Enemy
shall
fall
on
to
charge
any
one
of
these
parts
,
being
all
made
equal
in
Strength
,
and
Worth
,
it
must
needs
prevent
all
murmuring
complaints
,
and
carry
best
approbation
to
all
knowing
Commanders
.
And
thus
much
briefly
may
be
spoken
in
the
commendation
of
the
ordring
of
his
Regiment
thus
far
.
The
Captains
now
standing
by
their
own
Colours
,
on
the
head
of
the
Pikes
,
and
their
Companies
being
drawn
up
all
,
and
standing
in
an
even
Front
,
the
Major
next
commands
the
Muskettiers
to
stand
,
the
Pikes
and
Colours
to
troop
forth
some
ten
or
twelve
paces
cleer
of
the
Muskettiers
,
and
then
they
likewise
to
stand
,
and
after
to
close
their
Files
to
the
midst
to
order
.
Next
he
commands
the
Muskettiers
in
their
Files
to
close
outward
to
order
,
commanding
them
afterward
to
move
up
,
and
flank
the
Pikes
,
after
which
he
orders
the
Body
into
thirteen
remarkable
Divisions
,
four
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
upon
each
side
of
the
Pikes
,
and
the
Pikes
into
five
divisions
,
having
their
Colours
fly
by
two
and
two
,
and
to
be
led
by
the
Ensign-bearers
that
do
belong
to
each
of
them
,
excepting
the
first
and
middle
divisions
,
for
they
have
Leaders
in
chief
,
as
the
first
and
fifth
Captain
,
and
the
third
Captain
,
to
bring
up
the
Reer
of
the
whole
Body
of
Pikes
.
For
more
fuller
illustration
of
the
leading
and
bringing
up
of
each
division
in
the
Regiment
upon
their
Long-march
,
observe
these
following
directions
.
1
The
Regiment
being
upon
their
march
,
the
first
division
upon
the
right
is
led
by
the
Colonel
,
his
Captain-Lieutenant
marching
in
the
Reer
of
him
several
paces
,
and
that
particular
division
is
brought
up
by
the
Captains-Lieutenants
Bringer-up
.
2
The
second
division
of
Muskettiers
is
led
by
the
second
Captain-Lieutenant
,
and
brought
up
by
the
first
,
or
eldest
Captains-Lieutenant
.
3
The
third
division
of
Muskettiers
is
led
by
the
sixth
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
his
own
Lieutenant
.
4
The
fourth
division
of
Muskettiers
is
led
by
the
fifth
Captains
Lieutenant
,
and
brought
up
by
the
fourth
Captain
.
5
The
first
division
of
Pikes
is
led
by
the
eldest
Captain
,
having
the
Colonels
,
and
second
Captains
Colours
flying
in
the
head
of
them
.
formation
Place
this
between
page
162
and
163.
formation
This
Regiment
being
thus
drawn
up
,
they
stand
in
the
length
of
their
Front
or
Battalia
,
150
abrest
,
and
six
in
their
depth
,
having
two
thirds
of
Muskettiers
,
and
one
of
Pikes
,
their
number
amounting
in
all
to
900
men
;
each
particular
Company
consisting
of
fifteen
Files
,
and
containing
in
each
of
them
90
men
a
piece
;
but
the
Field-Officers
Companies
are
many
times
larger
.
Place
this
between
page
164
and
165.
6
The
second
division
of
Pikes
is
led
by
the
fifth
and
sixth
Captains
Ensigns
,
having
their
own
Colours
flying
upon
the
head
of
the
same
.
7
The
third
Division
of
Pikes
is
led
by
the
fifth
Captain
,
having
the
Majors
and
eldest
Captains
Colours
flying
upon
the
head
of
the
same
.
8
The
fourth
division
of
Pikes
is
led
by
the
fourth
and
seventh
Captains
Ensigns
,
having
their
own
Colours
flying
upon
the
head
of
the
same
.
9
The
fifth
and
last
Division
of
Pikes
is
led
by
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
,
and
third
Captains
Ensigns
,
having
likewise
their
own
Colours
flying
upon
the
head
of
the
same
;
and
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
is
brought
up
by
the
third
Captain
.
10
The
first
division
of
Muskettiers
on
the
left
Flank
is
led
by
the
second
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
fourth
Captains
Lieutenant
.
11
The
second
upon
the
left
is
led
by
the
third
Captains
Lieutenant
,
and
brought
up
by
the
Majors
Lieutenant
.
12
The
third
division
is
led
by
the
seventh
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
his
own
Lieutenant
.
13
The
fourth
or
last
division
of
Muskettiers
is
led
by
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Lieutenant
,
and
the
Reer
of
the
Regiment
is
brought
up
by
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
.
Notwithstanding
I
have
thus
laid
down
the
manner
of
the
Divisions
,
with
the
placing
of
the
Officers
,
there
are
also
from
all
these
divisions
both
of
the
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
,
sub-divisions
drawn
off
upon
the
Long-march
betwixt
every
fifth
or
sixth
File
,
as
they
can
equally
divide
them
with
even
proportions
to
march
.
And
for
the
leading
of
such
divisions
,
there
are
Serjeants
cast
in
that
properly
belong
unto
them
which
do
lead
and
bring
them
up
;
so
that
upon
this
accompt
they
make
in
their
Long-regimental-march
some
thirty
divisions
,
by
reason
,
as
I
conceive
,
upon
any
Alt
,
or
convenient
place
of
drawing
them
all
up
even
abrest
,
the
Serjeants
as
well
as
the
superiour-Officers
may
be
helpful
to
bring
up
the
File-leaders
again
as
at
the
first
into
their
proper
places
.
And
thus
far
I
have
endeavoured
for
the
satisfaction
of
all
ingenious
Souldiers
to
set
forth
the
manner
of
Colonel
Rainsboroughs
Regiment
of
their
drawing
up
,
disposing
of
Colours
,
and
placing
of
Officers
,
as
was
the
Observation
of
my
ever-honor'd
Friend
,
and
most
exquisite
knowing
Souldier
Thomas
Walker
,
one
of
the
Captains
of
the
same
Regiment
,
and
a
true
lover
of
the
Military-art
,
who
frienly
communicated
to
me
the
practise
of
their
Regiment
.
Which
although
it
differs
from
the
drawing
up
of
all
others
in
our
Army
(
as
I
am
inform'd
,
they
varying
in
one
kinde
or
other
by
their
several
ways
)
I
question
not
,
but
this
may
be
as
good
as
any
of
the
rest
,
which
I
leave
to
the
judgment
of
the
curious
searchers
into
this
Art
,
whilst
I
proceed
to
shew
the
Figures
following
.
CHAP.
XVIII
.
A
third
way
of
drawing
up
a
Regiment
of
Ten
Companies
,
after
the
manner
used
amongst
the
Swedes
.
THe
Companies
meeting
altogether
,
whether
it
be
in
the
Alarum
place
,
otherwise
at
their
general
Randezvous
,
where
they
have
ground
and
room
sufficient
enough
for
their
drawing
up
:
The
Major
appointing
forth
unto
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Company
a
place
most
convenient
to
stand
,
he
draws
all
the
rest
of
the
Companies
upon
the
left
of
him
after
this
manner
.
The
seventh
and
the
second
Captain
,
then
the
Colonel
,
after
him
the
sixth
,
fourth
,
and
first
Captain
,
then
the
Major
,
after
him
the
fifth
and
third
Captain
,
who
closes
up
the
left
of
the
whole
Regiment
;
the
figures
of
their
Dignity
standing
after
this
manner
.
6
:
8
:
3
:
4
:
7
:
|
9
:
1
:
5
:
10
:
2
|
28
|
27
|
Here
you
may
perceive
they
follow
a
rule
to
Ballance
their
number
of
Dignity
as
neer
as
they
can
,
carrying
their
odd
number
on
the
left
Half-rank
,
and
not
upon
the
right
;
for
these
reasons
,
as
,
I
conceive
,
following
.
Their
Regiments
being
so
full
of
men
,
they
draw
them
up
for
the
most
part
into
three
Squadrons
,
or
grand
divisions
,
giving
unto
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
the
right
Wing
;
the
Major
,
the
left
;
and
the
Colonel
,
the
Main-battail
.
The
Colonels
grand
Division
consists
of
the
four
middle
Companies
,
where
you
are
to
take
notice
,
being
drawn
off
some
ten
paces
cleer
from
the
rest
they
stand
after
this
manner
by
way
of
Figure
,
4
:
7
:
9
:
1.
The
Lieutenant-Colonels
Division
after
this
manner
,
5
:
10
:
2.
and
the
Majors
after
this
kinde
,
6
:
8
:
3.
Wherein
I
do
observe
in
each
grand
Division
this
Rule
,
that
by
succession
and
degrees
they
put
the
best
Souldiers
upon
the
right
,
and
the
second
according
to
course
upon
the
left
,
and
the
rest
between
them
.
As
first
,
the
Colonel
being
the
chiefest
man
of
honour
,
is
placed
upon
the
right
of
his
Squadron
;
next
to
his
left
is
the
sixth
and
fourth
Captain
,
and
the
closing
up
of
his
grand
Division
is
placed
the
first
or
eldest
Captain
.
The
Lieutenant-Colonel
being
the
second
man
of
honour
,
is
likewise
placed
upon
the
right
of
his
Squadron
;
and
next
to
his
left
,
the
seventh
Captain
,
his
grand
Division
being
closed
up
by
the
second
Captain
.
In
the
next
place
,
the
Major
,
he
being
the
third
man
of
honour
,
is
placed
upon
the
right
of
his
Squadron
;
and
upon
hisleft
,
the
fifth
Captain
;
and
his
grand
Division
is
closed
up
upon
the
left
by
the
third
Captain
.
So
that
you
may
observe
in
the
closing
up
of
every
Division
,
that
as
every
Field-Officer
is
upon
the
right
of
their
Squadrons
,
so
they
take
by
degrees
upon
the
outmost
of
their
left
to
close
their
Divisions
,
the
Captains
according
to
their
degrees
by
succession
.
As
first
,
and
more
cleerly
,
the
Colonel
takes
the
eldest
Captain
to
him
on
his
left
,
who
will
aptly
fall
in
to
lead
his
Body
of
Pikes
and
Colours
;
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
takes
the
second
Captain
for
to
lead
his
Stand
of
Pikes
and
Colours
;
the
third
Captain
being
placed
upon
the
left
of
the
outmost
part
of
the
Majors
Squadron
,
to
lead
likewise
his
Colours
and
Body
of
Pikes
.
And
further
,
if
you
observe
the
number
of
worth
and
dignity
,
that
the
right
Wing
hath
with
the
left
,
you
will
finde
them
to
be
equally
ballanced
,
and
to
be
seventeen
alike
in
number
.
Now
in
respect
there
cannot
be
an
equal
Division
of
the
Colours
by
threes
,
there
is
very
good
reason
that
the
odd
should
be
placed
in
the
Colonels
Squadron
,
who
is
Commander
in
chief
,
and
to
whom
it
properly
belongs
unto
.
In
the
next
place
,
I
shall
shew
you
how
to
draw
them
forth
in
a
Regimental-way
;
the
four
middle
Companies
being
advanced
forward
ten
paces
cleer
form
the
three
outmost
Companies
,
may
stand
;
then
draw
forth
the
Pikes
of
each
Squadron
,
until
they
be
ten
foot
cleer
of
their
Muskettiers
;
then
close
Pikes
into
the
midst
to
Order
in
their
Files
in
each
Division
,
and
they
will
be
in
three
Bodies
;
after
close
the
Muskettiers
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
then
sub-divide
them
in
as
equal
a
way
as
you
can
;
and
let
them
move
up
upon
the
right
and
left
,
and
flank
each
Body
of
Pikes
.
Then
let
the
Major
examine
the
Files
in
the
Colonels
Division
,
how
many
they
exceed
in
number
the
other
two
,
and
he
will
finde
twelve
Files
of
Muskettiers
,
and
six
Files
of
Pikes
,
more
then
in
the
rest
.
Now
to
make
them
equal
alike
in
each
Squadron
,
let
him
take
off
from
each
particular
Company
of
the
Colonels
Squadron
,
one
File
of
Pikes
,
and
place
two
of
those
four
in
the
midst
of
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Squadron
,
and
the
remaining
two
in
the
midst
of
his
own
Squadron
;
which
being
done
,
each
body
of
Pikes
will
have
in
it
22
Files
.
After
let
him
take
off
from
each
Company
two
Files
of
Muskettiers
,
which
will
be
eight
Files
,
&
let
him
place
two
Files
in
the
midst
of
each
Flank
of
Muskettiers
,
both
in
the
Divisions
of
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
and
his
own
;
and
then
there
will
be
in
each
particular
Division
of
Muskettiers
21
Files
.
This
being
likewise
a
very
good
way
to
draw
up
a
Regiment
of
so
great
a
number
of
men
,
I
was
unwilling
to
pass
it
by
,
but
to
present
it
unto
the
view
of
all
loving
Souldiers
,
which
will
more
fuller
appear
in
the
Figure
following
(
Folio
167
)
in
which
Figure
I
shall
shew
the
several
places
of
the
Captains
,
and
their
Lieutenants
,
where
they
are
to
lead
,
and
where
to
bring
up
.
formation
CHAP.
IX
.
The
way
of
drawing
up
a
Regiment
consisting
of
twelve
Companies
,
the
nine
Captains
having
eighteen
Files
in
each
Company
,
and
the
three
Field-Officers
every
one
of
them
twenty
four
Files
;
whereof
,
there
are
two
thirds
of
Muskettiers
,
and
one
of
Pikes
,
in
each
particular
Company
,
amounting
in
all
to
1404
men
.
THe
Major
having
convenient
place
,
he
first
orders
where
the
Colonels
Company
is
to
stand
,
and
after
draws
all
the
rest
of
the
Companies
upon
the
left
of
him
,
after
this
manner
:
The
ninth
,
the
fourth
,
the
third
,
the
sixth
,
and
the
first
Captains
;
then
the
Major
,
next
the
seventh
,
the
fifth
,
the
second
,
and
the
eighth
Captains
,
and
the
outmost
of
all
upon
the
left
,
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Company
,
in
manner
of
the
dignity
of
a
Rank
,
as
they
thus
stand
.
2
:
11
:
5
:
8
:
10
:
3
:
|
4
:
9
:
6
:
7
:
12
:
1.
|
39.
|
39.
|
The
dignity
of
places
cannot
be
better
stated
,
then
in
this
of
twelve
Companies
;
as
first
,
the
Right-half-ranks
is
equal
with
the
left
in
number
of
dignity
.
Again
,
divide
them
into
three
parts
,
and
their
number
of
dignity
falls
out
to
carry
along
with
it
an
equal
number
of
twenty
six
all
even
alike
.
Consider
likewise
,
the
stating
of
every
Captain
in
the
Regiment
,
and
they
are
qualified
equal
throughout
,
the
best
and
the
youngest
Souldiers
joyned
together
,
as
by
examining
them
how
they
stand
by
two's
,
their
number
of
worth
and
dignity
throughout
carries
thirteen
all
equal
alike
.
In
the
next
place
,
draw
forth
all
the
Pikes
,
and
ingross
them
into
two
Bodies
;
then
divide
the
Muskettiers
into
four
parts
,
and
move
them
up
,
and
Flank
those
Stands
of
Pikes
,
and
they
will
be
in
two
grand
Divisions
;
then
,
place
the
Officers
after
this
manner
;
beginning
first
with
the
Colonels
division
,
make
two
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
his
Van
,
let
the
first
be
led
by
the
Captain
Lieutenant
,
and
be
brought
up
by
his
Bringer-up
;
let
the
next
Division
of
Muskettiers
be
led
by
the
fourth
Captains
Lieutenant
,
and
brought
up
by
the
third
Captains
Lieutenant
;
let
the
Pikes
be
divided
into
three
Divisions
,
the
Colours
flying
two
and
two
upon
the
head
of
them
▪
let
the
first
Division
be
led
by
the
eldest
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
ninth
Captains
Lieutenant
;
let
the
next
Division
be
led
by
the
sixth
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
his
own
Lieutenant
;
let
the
last
Division
be
led
by
the
fourth
Captain
,
and
the
whole
Body
of
Pikes
be
brought
up
by
the
ninth
Captain
.
Then
let
the
Reer-guard
of
the
Colonels
Division
be
led
by
such
observations
as
is
set
forth
in
other
Regiments
,
by
the
third
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
first
Captains
Lieutenant
.
Having
placed
the
Officers
in
the
first
grand
Division
,
he
may
proceed
unto
the
next
;
let
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
be
led
by
the
Majors-Lieutenant
,
and
brought
up
by
the
fifth
Captains
Lieutenant
.
Let
the
Pikes
be
divided
into
three
parts
,
the
Colours
likewise
flying
,
two
and
two
upon
the
head
of
them
;
then
let
the
first
Division
be
led
by
the
fifth
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
eighth
Captains
Lieutenant
;
next
let
the
second
Division
be
led
by
the
eighth
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
seventh
Captains
Lieutenant
.
Lastly
,
let
the
third
Division
be
led
by
the
second
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
his
own
Lieutenant
;
let
the
last
Division
of
Muskettiers
be
led
by
the
seventh
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Lieutenant
:
The
Colonel
is
to
be
on
the
head
of
his
Division
,
and
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
upon
the
head
of
his
,
and
the
Major
between
them
both
in
the
Front
.
The
Officers
before
they
are
thus
placed
,
are
to
have
their
grand
Divisions
of
both
Arms
equally
ballanced
for
number
of
worth
,
observing
still
the
former
Rules
in
the
execution
of
the
same
.
It
might
be
here
expected
I
should
shew
reasons
for
the
thus
placing
of
the
Officers
,
after
this
manner
:
but
to
satisfie
such
,
if
they
please
but
to
observe
and
take
notice
of
the
reasons
given
in
the
former
Regiments
,
which
will
give
satisfaction
unto
this
,
carrying
with
it
the
same
order
and
way
.
And
likewise
it
might
be
expected
,
that
I
should
here
set
forth
a
Figure
for
the
thus
drawing
them
up
as
before
exprest
,
and
placing
of
the
several
Officers
.
But
since
this
Regiment
falls
out
to
be
so
full
in
number
,
I
shall
set
it
forth
after
the
manner
of
drawing
up
a
Brigade
,
according
to
the
Swedish
practise
.
CHAP.
XX.
The
manner
of
drawing
up
a
Regiment
according
to
the
Swedish
Brigade
.
AFter
that
the
Major
hath
plac'd
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
Company
in
such
a
convenient
place
,
that
he
may
draw
all
the
rest
up
on
the
left
of
him
,
he
thus
proceeds
in
bringing
up
the
Companies
;
he
first
places
to
him
the
eighth
Captain
,
then
the
fifth
,
after
that
the
second
,
then
the
Colonels
Company
,
next
to
him
the
ninth
Captain
,
then
the
sixth
Captain
,
and
first
Captain
;
after
the
Majors
,
then
the
seventh
Captain
,
after
the
fourth
Captain
;
then
upon
the
outmost
part
of
the
lest
,
is
placed
the
third
Captain
,
in
manner
and
form
as
they
thus
stand
.
6
:
7
:
10
:
3
:
4
:
9·
|
12
:
1
:
5
:
8
:
11
:
2.
|
39
|
39
|
Having
thus
far
proceeded
,
he
may
command
the
four
outmost
Companies
upon
each
Flank
,
to
advance
forward
some
ten
paces
cleer
from
the
four
middle
Companies
;
then
let
them
stand
,
and
after
let
him
draw
forward
the
Pikes
cleer
from
the
Muskettiers
,
and
close
their
Files
outward
to
Order
;
then
let
the
Muskettiers
be
divided
into
four
parts
,
their
Files
being
closed
to
Order
,
let
them
move
forward
,
and
flank
those
two
Bodies
of
Pikes
.
After
in
the
same
manner
move
forward
the
Pikes
in
the
four
middle
Companies
,
until
they
be
cleer
of
the
Muskettiers
,
and
close
their
Files
into
the
midst
to
Order
,
and
divide
their
Muskettiers
into
two
parts
,
and
let
them
move
forward
,
and
flank
the
Body
of
Pikes
;
and
then
they
will
stand
in
their
Squadrons
or
grand
Divisions
,
their
dignities
standing
after
this
manner
in
the
Colonels
division
,
thus
,
4
:
9
:
12
:
1.
In
the
Lieutenant-Colonels
division
,
thus
,
5
:
8
:
11
:
2.
and
in
the
the
Majors
,
thus
,
6
:
7
:
10
:
3.
So
that
you
may
perceive
this
to
be
a
very
good
way
amongst
the
rest
,
each
particular
Squadron
bearing
the
number
of
26
,
and
having
unto
every
one
of
them
their
Dignities
and
worths
equally
divided
,
and
stated
alike
.
In
the
next
place
,
the
Major
ought
to
inquire
of
the
number
of
men
they
carry
in
each
division
of
both
Arms
;
where
as
first
,
he
shall
finde
in
the
Colonels
Squadron
,
to
have
in
it
26
Files
of
Pikes
,
and
52
Files
of
Muskettiers
;
and
examining
all
the
rest
,
they
will
fall
out
to
the
same
proportion
of
number
.
So
that
in
each
Division
there
contains
,
whether
they
be
Pikes
,
or
Muskettiers
,
to
have
in
every
particular
thereof
78
Files
.
In
the
next
place
,
he
shall
do
well
to
appoint
forth
unto
them
their
several
places
to
lead
and
bring
up
;
and
first
,
of
the
Colonels
grand
Division
,
he
being
on
the
head
thereof
,
the
Captain-Lieutenant
leading
the
first
division
of
Muskettiers
in
his
Squadron
,
being
brought
up
by
his
Bringer-up
;
the
first
two
Colours
,
and
his
half
Body
of
Pikes
to
be
led
by
the
eldest
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
ninth
Captains
Lieutenant
;
the
next
two
Colours
,
and
half
Body
of
Pikes
to
be
led
by
the
ninth
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
eldest
Captains
Lieutenant
;
the
last
division
of
Muskettiers
in
his
Squadron
,
to
be
led
by
the
sixth
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
his
own
Lieutenant
.
The
first
division
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Lieutenant-colonels
Squadron
,
is
led
by
his
own
Lieutenant
,
and
brought
up
by
the
eighth
Captains
Lieutenant
;
his
first
two
Colours
,
and
half
Body
of
Pikes
is
led
by
the
seventh
Captain
;
and
the
next
two
Colours
,
and
half
Body
of
Pikes
,
is
led
by
the
eigthth
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
second
Captains
Lieutenant
;
his
last
division
of
Muskettiers
is
led
by
the
fifth
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
his
own
Lieutenant
;
himself
standing
as
the
Colonel
doth
upon
the
head
of
his
Squadron
.
The
first
division
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Majors
Squadron
(
himself
being
upon
the
head
)
is
led
by
his
own
Lieutenant
,
and
brought
up
by
the
seventh
Captains
Lieutenant
;
his
first
two
Colours
,
and
half
Body
of
Pikes
is
led
by
the
third
Captain
;
and
the
next
two
Colours
,
and
half
Body
of
Pikes
,
is
led
by
the
seventh
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
the
third
Captains
Lieutenant
;
his
last
division
of
Muskettiers
is
led
by
the
fourth
Captain
,
and
brought
up
by
his
Lieutenant
;
as
in
the
next
place
,
in
the
Figure
set
forth
in
Folio
170
,
more
fully
appeareth
.
They
standing
according
to
the
former
directions
in
three
Bodies
of
Pikes
flanked
with
the
Muskettiers
,
before
they
come
to
the
Figure
set
forth
,
you
must
command
in
each
grand
division
the
six
inmost
Files
of
Muskettiers
next
the
Pikes
to
face
about
,
and
to
march
six
paces
cleer
of
the
Reer
,
and
then
close
inward
to
Order
.
Afterward
open
every
four
Files
outward
to
open
Order
,
of
those
12
Files
,
and
let
the
middle-division
there
face
about
,
and
move
down
six
foot
cleer
of
the
Reer
;
and
after
face
to
their
Leader
.
Then
there
will
remain
20
Files
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
Flanks
of
each
Body
of
Pikes
;
after
move
forward
the
eight
middle
Files
of
particular
division
of
Muskettiers
,
some
ten
foot
before
the
Front
.
Then
command
the
left-half-ranks
,
or
the
four
Files
of
Muskettiers
upon
the
left
of
those
divisions
drawn
forth
,
to
face
about
,
and
to
move
down
ten
foot
cleer
of
the
Reer
,
and
after
face
to
the
Front
.
Then
let
the
12
remaining
Files
of
Muskettiers
close
to
the
Pikes
to
open
Order
;
and
let
every
four
Files
of
those
remaining
12
upon
the
Flanks
,
open
outward
six
foot
of
ground
betwixt
each
four
Files
,
and
move
the
Front
and
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
just
against
the
midst
of
those
three
divisions
of
Muskettiers
that
are
the
Flankers
to
the
Pikes
,
and
they
will
stand
in
the
Figure
as
it
is
placed
in
Folio
170.
formation
formation
formation
Place
this
between
page
170
and
171.
They
standing
now
in
a
perfect
Order
of
a
Brigade
,
the
number
of
men
in
this
Regiment
allowing
it
in
a
full
manner
,
according
to
the
small
Brigades
of
the
Swedes
;
I
shall
not
need
to
point
out
of
what
service
this
Figure
,
or
drawing
up
may
be
,
in
respect
there
is
no
ingenious
Souldier
,
but
may
cleerly
perceive
they
stand
in
a
very
good
Order
to
fight
against
an
Enemy
;
their
Commanders
being
appointed
forth
to
manage
it
accordingly
.
Therefore
I
shall
leave
it
to
the
practise
of
such
who
in
time
of
need
shall
have
occasion
to
make
use
of
it
;
and
in
the
next
place
shew
the
manner
of
reducing
them
again
into
Companies
.
First
move
forward
those
12
Files
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Reer
of
each
body
of
Pikes
,
six
to
the
right
,
and
six
to
the
left
,
next
to
the
outside
of
their
own
body
of
Pikes
:
After
command
the
Reer-divisions
of
Muskettiers
to
advance
forward
upon
the
left
of
those
Divisions
of
Muskettiers
in
the
Front
;
then
face
them
about
,
and
move
them
down
into
the
midst
of
those
Muskettiers
that
were
the
Flankers
.
After
let
every
Captain
draw
off
his
Pikes
and
Muskettiers
,
and
ingross
them
into
particular
Companies
,
and
they
will
then
be
ready
to
march
away
to
their
several
Quarters
.
And
here
I
shall
conclude
concerning
a
Regiment
of
twelve
Companies
.
CHAP.
XXI
.
The
manner
of
drawing
up
a
Brigade
or
Tertia
,
being
a
third
part
of
an
Army
,
according
to
the
practise
of
the
Netherlands
,
under
the
command
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
.
BEfore
I
shall
begin
to
draw
up
this
Tertia
,
Army
,
or
Brigade
;
I
shall
set
down
the
observation
of
Col.
Hen.
Hexam
,
in
his
Book
treating
of
the
Office
of
the
three
Serjeant-Majors
of
the
Tertia
,
otherwise
called
the
three
Field-Corporals
.
His
words
are
these
:
The
States
Army
by
order
of
his
Highness
,
is
divided
upon
a
March
into
three
Brigades
or
Tertia's
;
and
a
Serjeant-Major
of
a
Tertia
,
being
one
of
the
great
Captains
of
the
Field
,
receives
his
Order
immediate
from
the
Lord-General
,
or
the
Lord
Martial
,
but
most
commonly
of
the
Serjeant-Major-General
of
the
Army
,
how
he
shall
form
and
order
his
Brigade
or
Tertia
;
and
how
many
Regiments
of
Horse
and
Foot
are
to
march
under
it
,
and
with
what
Ordnance
and
Baggage
.
He
assigns
and
shews
him
the
place
where
they
are
to
draw
out
into
Battalia
,
and
receives
Orders
from
the
Serjeant-Major-General
,
whether
they
are
to
march
in
the
Van-guard
,
the
Battail
,
or
the
Reer
:
So
that
in
marching
in
every
one
of
these
,
he
shall
attend
upon
his
Brigade
and
several
Divisions
;
and
in
the
absence
of
the
Serjeant-Major-General
,
see
that
the
order
of
marching
and
embattailing
be
duly
kept
and
observed
.
And
every
one
of
these
three
Serjeants-Majors
of
Brigades
,
are
to
be
at
the
command
of
the
Colonel
,
General
,
or
be
that
leads
or
commands
that
Brigade
or
Tertia
;
and
is
to
be
sent
to
the
Lord-General
,
Lord-Martial
,
or
Serjeant-Major-General
upon
any
occasion
belonging
to
the
service
.
These
three
Majors
of
the
Tertia's
are
to
be
lodged
as
neer
the
Serjeant-Major-General
,
as
conveniently
may
be
;
and
those
three
which
attend
upon
the
Van-guard
,
the
Battail
or
Reer
,
which
the
Serjeant-Major
shall
make
choice
of
ground
for
the
placing
of
Guards
,
and
assign
them
to
the
Serjeant-Majors
of
every
Regiment
.
They
are
to
go
the
Round
,
and
to
visit
the
Guard
commonly
every
night
,
and
at
such
an
hour
as
the
Serjeant-Major
shall
appoint
them
either
by
day
or
night
.
If
any
of
these
three
Serjeant-Majors
of
the
Field
shall
finde
any
want
of
Powder
,
Ammunition
or
Victuals
,
either
in
the
Van-guard
,
Battail
or
Reer
,
as
well
upon
the
march
,
as
when
the
Troops
are
quartered
,
or
during
fight
,
he
is
presently
to
advertise
the
Serjeant-Major-General
of
the
Field
with
the
said
wants
.
And
then
by
his
direction
shall
go
with
an
Officer
of
every
Regiment
of
that
Tertia
,
to
the
General
,
or
Lieutenant
of
the
Ordnance
,
or
to
the
Commissary
General
of
the
Ammunition
,
or
Victuals
.
A
Serjeant-Major
of
a
Tertia
,
to
conclude
,
having
received
his
Orders
from
the
Lord-General
,
the
Martial
,
or
Serjeant-Major-general
,
gives
them
to
the
Serjeant-Majors
of
every
particular
Regiment
.
But
because
the
Word
and
Orders
are
to
be
sent
to
Quarters
far
distant
one
from
another
,
the
Serjeant-Major
of
every
Regiment
cannot
come
conveniently
to
the
Serjeant-Major-General
.
Therefore
the
Majors
of
every
Brigade
are
to
attend
every
morning
and
evening
upon
the
Serjeant-Major-General
,
to
receive
their
Orders
,
and
to
carry
the
Word
to
the
several
Quarters
,
whither
the
Serjeant-Majors
of
Regiments
comes
to
him
,
and
from
him
receives
the
Word
and
Orders
.
The
drawing
up
of
Brigades
in
the
next
place
comes
to
be
handled
after
the
way
of
the
Hollanders
;
therefore
,
first
take
notice
,
that
Brigades
are
not
tyed
to
a
set
number
of
Companies
or
Regiments
,
but
are
ordered
according
to
the
several
strengths
of
an
Army
.
As
sometimes
they
consist
of
12
Companies
,
some
of
two
Regiments
,
others
of
three
,
or
four
,
having
in
them
not
alike
number
of
Companies
or
men
,
which
ought
accordingly
unto
the
several
Divisions
of
a
Brigade
to
be
ballanced
alike
,
both
in
number
of
men
,
dignity
,
and
worth
,
as
is
in
particular
Regiments
fully
set
forth
.
And
in
respect
that
several
Divisions
make
a
Brigade
,
and
that
according
to
the
disposition
of
an
Army
,
all
the
Officers
and
Souldiers
are
divided
into
three
parts
,
called
Brigades
or
Tertia's
,
each
of
them
having
a
several
name
;
to
wit
,
the
Van-guard
,
Battail
and
Reer-guard
.
Now
that
Tertia
which
is
to
march
first
,
is
called
the
Van-guard
;
that
which
marcheth
next
in
the
middle
,
the
Battail
;
and
that
which
comes
up
last
,
the
Reer
.
Every
one
of
these
upon
march
,
as
was
formerly
expressed
in
the
Swedish
Brigade
,
take
their
turns
interchangeably
;
for
the
second
day
of
the
March
,
the
Battail
becomes
the
Van-guard
;
and
the
Reer
,
the
second
day
the
Battail
;
and
the
third
day
,
the
Tertia
,
that
had
first
the
Reer
,
is
become
the
Van-guard
.
So
likewise
,
there
ought
to
be
in
every
particular
Brigade
or
Tertia
,
a
Van-guard
,
Battail
and
Reer-guard
,
to
each
of
them
;
which
with
more
conveniencie
may
be
orderly
brought
to
fight
by
him
that
shall
be
Commander
in
chief
,
for
the
relieving
each
other
,
according
as
occasion
shall
require
.
In
the
next
place
,
for
a
Brigade
,
I
shall
point
forth
four
Regiments
,
having
in
them
eight
Companies
a
piece
,
after
the
manner
of
a
Regiment
of
eight
formerly
set
down
,
which
amounts
to
3888
men
,
which
number
may
serve
for
a
third
part
of
an
Army
of
foot
,
and
make
up
a
very
compleat
and
sufficient
Brigade
.
And
I
shall
order
in
this
Brigade
to
have
in
it
four
Divisions
;
that
is
to
say
,
a
Van-guard
,
Battail
and
Reer-guard
,
represented
in
the
three
first
Regiments
;
but
the
fourth
shall
be
a
reserve
,
standing
in
the
Reer
of
the
Main-battail
or
Brigade
,
whereby
upon
all
occasions
of
the
other
retreating
,
or
being
driven
backward
,
that
Regiment
may
move
up
to
relieve
each
part
thereof
that
shall
be
distressed
.
But
upon
the
Long-march
of
this
Brigade
,
the
two
middle
Regiments
according
to
their
order
of
dignity
,
are
to
make
the
Battail
,
which
in
the
Figure
were
made
the
Van-guard
,
and
Reer-guard
;
and
that
which
formerly
was
the
Van-guard
,
is
become
the
Battail
;
and
the
Reer-guard
,
the
Reserve
;
but
where
they
have
ground
sufficient
,
it
will
be
better
to
march
in
that
form
of
Battalia
,
set
down
according
to
the
Figure
,
Folio
176.
This
Brigade
consisting
of
four
Regiments
,
must
be
drawn
up
according
to
the
dignity
of
their
Captains
;
but
with
this
alteration
of
Arms
,
for
the
former
Regiments
consisting
of
two
Divisions
,
this
hath
but
one
,
after
this
manner
:
formation
CHAP.
XXII
.
How
to
draw
up
an
Army
of
twelve
Regiments
of
Foot
,
and
three
of
Horse
,
the
Foot
amounting
unto
11664
men
,
and
the
Horse
unto
3000
;
in
all
14664
men
.
THe
drawing
up
or
an
Army
most
properly
belongs
to
the
Serjeant-Major-General
,
whose
place
and
charge
is
of
an
high
degree
,
his
commands
being
full
of
action
,
and
therefore
ought
to
be
a
wise
,
grave
,
and
able
person
,
and
an
experienced
Souldier
,
in
respect
he
hath
the
ordering
and
disposing
of
the
Divisions
and
Battalions
,
according
to
that
form
which
the
General
shall
command
him
.
And
upon
all
occasions
he
must
be
active
,
and
stirring
up
and
down
to
spie
out
all
advantages
which
might
offend
an
Enemy
;
and
wisely
to
foresee
all
disadvantages
that
may
bring
the
Troops
into
any
disorder
or
confusion
.
He
hath
absolute
command
over
the
three
Serjeant-Majors
of
the
Brigades
,
otherwise
called
the
three
Grand
Corporals
of
the
Field
,
who
are
to
be
his
assistants
,
and
his
mouth
,
as
he
is
the
mouth
of
the
Lord
General
,
or
Martial
of
the
Field
;
and
therefore
must
have
a
vigilant
eye
over
all
things
,
seeing
that
the
Generals
command
delivered
to
him
be
strictly
kept
and
observed
;
and
withall
acquainting
and
informing
the
three
Serjeant-Majors
of
the
Brigades
of
the
Generals
pleasure
,
that
they
may
forthwith
put
the
same
into
execution
.
Now
the
Method
(
that
I
shall
observe
)
shall
be
according
to
the
form
of
the
former
Brigade
;
wherefore
in
the
first
place
,
the
Serjeant-Major
shall
do
well
to
appoint
out
unto
the
eldest
Serjeant-Major
of
the
Brigades
,
how
to
draw
up
that
Brigade
which
shall
be
the
Battail
,
wherein
the
Lord
Generals
Regiment
,
and
the
Colonels
is
to
be
upon
the
right
and
left
of
that
Brigade
,
and
betwixt
them
the
eldest
Colonel
,
and
ninth
Colonel
,
according
to
this
rule
of
Dignity
in
the
Figure
set
forth
,
4
:
9
:
12
:
1.
In
the
next
place
,
let
the
next
Serjeant-Major
of
the
Brigades
in
seniority
draw
up
that
which
shall
be
the
Van-guard
,
and
place
the
second
Colonels
Regiment
upon
the
right
,
and
the
fifth
upon
the
left
,
and
between
them
the
eleventh
and
eighth
Colonels
,
after
this
manner
of
this
Figure
,
5
:
8
:
11
:
2.
Let
the
last
Serjeant-Major
draw
up
that
Brigade
which
shall
be
in
the
Reer
,
and
let
him
draw
them
up
after
this
manner
;
the
third
Colonels
Regiment
upon
the
right
;
and
upon
the
left
the
sixth
Colonels
;
and
between
them
the
tenth
and
seventh
Colonels
Regiment
after
this
manner
,
6
:
7
:
10
:
3
:
This
charge
being
given
by
the
Serjeant-Major-General
unto
the
three
Serjeant-Majors
of
the
three
Tertias
or
Brigades
,
how
each
particular
Regiment
shall
be
drawn
up
,
being
every
one
single
,
and
compared
alike
each
to
other
,
being
rightly
stated
according
to
the
rule
of
Dignity
,
avoiding
thereby
confusion
and
disorder
.
In
the
next
place
,
for
the
better
expedition
in
drawing
up
the
Army
,
every
Serjeant-Major
of
each
Brigade
draws
the
former
Regiments
assigned
unto
them
,
unto
such
place
as
shall
be
appointed
forth
unto
them
by
the
Serjeant-Major-General
,
being
helped
and
assisted
by
the
Field-Officers
of
the
same
Regiments
,
the
Serjeant-Major-General
being
an
assistant
unto
them
all
,
seeing
thereby
all
the
Commands
of
the
General
rightly
observed
and
fulfilled
.
formation
AN
ARMY
OF
FOOT
,
OR
THREE
SINGLE
BRIGADS
CONSISTING
OF
11664
MEN
,
DRAWN
VP
AND
EMBATTELLED
;
TOGETHER
WITH
THE
PLACING
OF
THE
CANNON
Let
these
three
Sheets
be
pasted
together
at
length
,
one
after
another
,
so
that
they
may
appear
as
one
single
Leafe
,
and
let
them
be
placed
between
Page
▪
174
and
175.
After
this
,
the
General
of
the
Ordnance
,
his
duty
and
care
must
be
in
the
day
of
Battail
,
to
see
that
the
Ordnance
be
well
placed
;
for
at
such
time
his
wisdom
is
most
discern'd
,
keeping
(
with
the
assistance
of
his
Lieutenant
)
the
Train
of
Artillery
together
in
good
order
.
He
must
have
a
vigilant
eye
upon
all
accidents
that
may
fall
but
,
and
make
choise
of
such
ground
for
their
planting
,
as
the
General
of
the
Army
and
he
shall
think
most
fit
and
convenient
.
He
must
be
careful
that
all
things
be
in
a
readiness
,
putting
the
Master
,
Gunners
,
Gentlemen
of
the
Ordnance
,
and
Commanders
in
minde
of
their
duty
,
that
they
do
their
best
endeavours
,
and
acquit
themselves
like
men
.
It
is
likewise
partly
his
charge
to
see
that
the
whole
Army
be
well
provided
with
Ammunition
,
because
the
Ammunition
marcheth
under
his
Train
.
He
must
also
be
neer
the
General
of
the
Army
upon
all
occasions
,
to
receive
his
Directions
and
Commands
,
and
to
know
from
him
after
what
manner
he
will
make
his
Battail
,
that
he
may
plant
his
Ordnance
accordingly
,
finding
out
Hills
and
Heights
to
play
over
his
own
men
.
And
when
the
Enemy
shall
present
himself
,
and
come
up
to
charge
,
he
must
draw
,
and
plant
his
Ordnance
as
neer
their
Horse
as
possible
may
be
,
to
hinder
them
from
breaking
in
upon
the
Divisions
of
Foot
,
taking
along
with
him
Saylours
,
and
Pioneers
,
to
help
to
draw
up
the
Ordnance
,
and
sufficient
Guards
to
defend
them
.
As
concerning
the
planting
of
the
Ordnance
,
when
the
Battalia
is
drawn
up
,
they
may
be
disposed
of
several
ways
;
as
sometimes
they
are
placed
upon
the
head
of
the
Battalia
;
others
again
between
them
,
by
two
and
two
;
and
others
threes
,
upon
the
Flanks
and
Wings
of
the
Muskettiers
.
Some
are
of
opinion
,
that
they
ought
to
be
planted
upon
the
Flank
,
and
in
the
Reer
of
the
Battalia
,
by
leaving
a
free
place
for
Arms
which
may
give
no
offence
to
their
own
men
.
But
as
concerning
this
last
way
,
it
might
be
answered
,
it
can
no
way
be
expedient
;
for
if
an
Enemy
should
perceive
that
the
Frout
is
left
bare
without
Ordnance
,
it
will
give
them
cause
to
come
up
with
more
courage
to
fall
on
upon
the
Charge
.
Therefore
,
the
best
way
amongst
the
ancient
experienc'd
Souldiers
,
is
,
that
the
Artillery
be
divided
,
some
here
,
some
there
,
both
before
the
Front
,
between
the
Battalions
,
and
upon
the
Flanks
,
and
to
be
placed
some
50
or
an
100
paces
one
from
another
;
and
then
there
will
be
no
danger
when
the
Enemy
shall
come
up
to
shock
to
encounter
you
,
or
to
offend
our
own
men
:
Especially
,
when
they
are
fastned
to
them
by
drawing
Ropes
and
Iron
Rings
,
that
upon
an
instant
they
may
be
removed
,
and
turn'd
for
the
advantage
of
our
own
Troops
,
giving
fire
as
fast
as
they
can
charge
and
discharge
against
the
Enemies
Troops
,
it
being
a
matter
of
great
moment
for
the
obtaining
of
a
Victory
,
and
gaining
the
day
from
the
Enemy
.
But
that
many
times
the
Ordnance
cannot
be
planted
in
such
convenient
places
as
could
be
wished
for
,
in
respect
an
Army
may
be
driven
into
such
places
,
as
the
Ordnance
must
be
planted
according
to
the
best
ground
it
will
afford
,
by
reason
of
Woods
,
Hills
,
or
Marish-grounds
;
and
such
like
disadvantageous
places
,
may
be
oftentimes
met
withal
;
for
which
no
certain
Rule
may
be
given
,
but
that
the
General
by
his
wisdom
and
discretion
may
make
choice
of
the
best
advantages
,
which
might
annoy
an
Enemy
most
,
and
give
the
least
offence
to
his
own
men
,
either
by
dazling
them
by
the
Sun
,
or
by
raising
of
the
dust
,
observing
the
winde
which
drives
the
Smoak
both
of
the
Ordnance
and
Small-shot
full
upon
them
.
To
conclude
,
it
is
conceived
the
best
way
for
every
Captain
of
the
Ordnance
,
and
Master-Gunner
,
to
use
some
light
Field-peeces
and
small
Drakes
,
which
upon
any
occasion
may
be
removed
from
one
place
to
another
,
being
with
ease
planted
upon
such
places
of
advantage
,
as
may
most
annoy
the
Enemy
.
In
the
next
place
,
3000
Horse
may
be
a
good
proportion
for
10000
or
12000
foot
,
which
ought
to
be
equally
divided
in
their
Troops
,
and
placed
upon
the
Flanks
of
the
foot
in
such
good
order
,
as
the
Troops
may
come
with
conveniencie
to
fight
,
for
the
relieving
of
each
other
.
But
in
case
you
shall
perceive
the
Enemies
Horse
,
as
sometimes
through
necessity
of
ground
,
or
by
other
political
ends
,
may
be
interlaced
and
placed
between
the
Intervals
and
Divisions
of
their
foot
;
it
will
be
needful
then
that
we
should
observe
the
same
form
,
and
likewise
have
Horse
to
come
forth
,
and
encounter
with
their
Horse
,
lest
they
should
break
in
upon
our
Divisions
of
Foot
;
which
by
this
means
and
good
order
,
may
be
timely
prevented
.
Next
follows
the
Figure
of
the
Army
,
as
before
described
,
and
ordered
to
be
drawn
up
,
Folio
176.
CHAP.
XXIII
.
The
several
duties
belonging
to
the
Foot
in
a
Regiment
,
as
followeth
by
degrees
from
a
private
Souldier
unto
a
Colonel
of
the
same
:
and
first
,
of
a
Private
Souldier
.
A
Private
Souldier
ought
to
be
very
active
,
not
slothful
and
idle
,
informing
himself
of
his
duty
,
learning
from
his
Corporal
,
or
other
Officers
,
the
true
use
and
well
handling
of
his
Arms
,
always
keeping
them
neat
,
clean
,
and
well
fixed
.
Upon
the
beat
of
the
Drum
,
he
is
to
repair
to
his
Colours
,
Squadron
;
or
Company
;
upon
the
march
,
he
must
observe
his
Leader
,
and
his
right
and
left-hand-men
,
that
he
may
march
streight
in
file
,
and
even
in
rank
;
in
time
of
Exercise
he
must
be
silent
in
the
Body
,
well
minding
the
words
of
Command
and
Directions
,
which
are
given
forth
by
the
Leader
.
He
ought
likewise
to
be
well
vers'd
in
all
the
ordinary
words
of
Command
;
and
to
mind
the
place
wherein
he
stands
,
that
he
may
the
more
readier
move
,
and
not
be
to
seek
at
such
time
when
he
shall
be
commanded
,
whether
it
be
to
face
,
double
,
counter-march
,
or
wheel
.
He
must
inform
himself
of
all
the
several
beats
of
the
Drum
;
as
first
,
or
a
Call
;
second
,
a
Troop
;
third
,
a
March
;
fourth
,
a
Preparative
;
fifth
,
a
Battle
or
Charge
;
sixth
,
a
Retreat
,
and
also
of
the
Revalley
and
the
Tattoo
.
By
the
first
,
he
is
summoned
to
hear
present
Proclamation
,
or
else
commanded
to
repair
to
his
Colours
;
upon
the
beat
of
the
second
,
he
is
to
advance
his
Arms
,
and
to
close
in
Rank
and
File
,
to
the
distance
of
Order
,
and
to
Troop
along
unto
such
places
and
services
,
as
he
shall
be
commanded
unto
;
upon
the
hearing
of
the
third
,
he
is
presently
to
shoulder
his
Arms
,
and
to
take
his
distance
of
six
foot
in
Rank
,
and
three
foot
in
File
;
upon
the
fourth
,
he
is
to
close
both
in
Rank
and
File
,
unto
the
fighting
distance
,
which
is
called
Order
,
and
to
prepare
himself
for
skirmish
;
upon
the
beat
of
the
next
,
he
is
undauntedly
to
move
forward
,
boldly
stepping
in
good
Order
,
into
the
place
of
his
fellow-Souldier
that
shall
happen
to
fall
down
dead
before
him
;
upon
the
beat
of
the
last
,
he
must
orderly
fall
back
,
either
for
relief
or
advantage
of
ground
,
or
other
political
ends
whereby
he
may
draw
the
Enemy
into
a
snare
.
The
first
of
the
remaining
two
,
gives
warning
in
the
morning
for
some
of
the
Sentinels
to
fall
off
,
or
to
be
taken
in
;
the
latter
is
used
in
the
night
to
give
notice
unto
the
Souldiers
,
or
others
,
for
their
repairing
to
their
several
Guards
,
Watches
,
and
Lodgings
.
To
conclude
,
a
private
Souldier
ought
to
avoid
all
Quarrelling
,
Mutinies
,
Swearing
,
Cursing
or
Lying
,
and
to
be
content
with
his
wages
;
and
likewise
to
be
a
good
Husband
in
the
well
managing
of
his
means
,
keeping
himself
neat
and
handsome
in
his
apparel
;
avoiding
drunkenness
,
and
all
manner
of
gaming
;
truely
to
serve
and
fear
God
,
and
to
be
obedient
unto
all
the
commands
of
his
superiours
,
cheerfully
going
on
upon
all
Duties
,
and
to
be
loving
,
kind
,
and
courteous
unto
all
his
fellow-Souldiers
.
The
duty
of
a
Sentinel
.
A
Sentinel
must
be
very
vigilant
,
carefully
casting
his
eyes
about
him
,
and
harkning
whether
he
hear
the
noise
or
approach
of
any
drawing
neer
him
;
which
if
he
perceive
,
he
is
presently
to
command
them
to
stand
,
presenting
his
Musket
or
Pike
to
their
brest
,
after
calling
his
Corporal
for
to
take
the
Word
,
unless
he
should
be
commanded
to
come
in
silently
.
He
is
not
to
come
off
until
he
be
relieved
by
the
Corporal
or
Lanspassadoe
.
His
proper
Posture
,
being
a
Muskettier
,
is
to
have
his
Musket
rested
,
and
loaded
with
Powder
and
Bullet
,
his
Match
cockt
,
and
his
Pan
guarded
;
being
a
Pike-man
,
if
he
stand
Sentinel
in
the
night
,
he
must
have
his
Pike
cheek'd
;
if
in
the
day
,
his
Pike
ordered
:
Or
it
may
be
a
very
proper
Posture
for
a
Pike-man
to
stand
Sentinel
with
his
Pike
in
his
left-hand
,
holding
it
a
little
below
the
cheeks
thereof
,
and
with
his
Sword
drawn
,
being
held
in
his
right-hand
,
which
I
leave
to
judge
,
or
to
be
made
use
of
according
to
discretion
,
and
as
occasion
shall
require
.
Of
a
Gentleman
of
a
Company
.
A
Gentleman
of
a
Company
ought
to
have
such
worth
in
him
as
may
make
him
capable
to
be
a
File-leader
,
or
Captain
of
his
File
;
and
he
more
especialy
above
the
rest
ought
to
be
well
skill'd
in
all
the
Postures
of
such
Arms
he
wears
;
and
at
convenient
times
instructing
and
teaching
his
File
in
the
neat
and
graceful
handling
of
their
Arms.
He
ought
to
be
of
an
undaunted
courage
and
gallant
resolution
,
for
the
better
Example
and
imitation
of
the
rest
;
whose
worth
and
valour
many
times
indears
them
so
much
into
the
favour
of
their
Commanders
,
that
they
raise
them
up
to
greater
places
of
preferment
.
In
the
Low-Countries
a
Gentleman
of
a
Company
hath
his
full
pay
,
having
nothing
kept
back
for
after-reckonings
,
as
common
private
Souldiers
have
.
At
his
first
entrance
he
sometimes
stands
Sentinel
,
to
inform
himself
of
the
Duties
thereof
;
but
most
commonly
he
is
placed
to
be
a
Sentinel
perdu
in
time
of
imminent
danger
,
either
in
the
Field
,
or
upon
approaches
.
He
is
to
lie
perdu
with
his
Sword
and
Pistol
,
not
removing
from
his
place
till
he
be
relieved
;
nor
is
he
to
retreat
for
one
man
,
but
in
case
of
more
,
then
he
is
to
fall
back
to
the
second
;
and
discovering
an
Enemy
,
he
is
to
come
off
betimes
,
and
silently
to
give
the
Alarum
,
whereby
the
Corps
du
Guard
or
Company
may
be
provided
for
their
own
defence
.
A
Gentleman
of
a
Company
doth
many
times
go
the
Round
with
the
Captain
of
the
Watch
,
or
his
Fellow-Gentlemen
,
who
are
likewise
Rounders
,
either
in
the
Field
,
or
in
Garrison
;
and
do
give
the
Corporals
of
the
Guards
the
Word
,
charging
the
Sentinels
to
look
well
about
them
.
To
conclude
,
he
ought
truely
to
love
,
respect
,
and
obey
his
Captain
,
and
to
stick
close
unto
him
,
vindicating
him
upon
just
occasions
,
when
he
shall
be
wronged
and
injured
by
any
Mutinies
of
the
common
Souldiers
,
or
others
.
Of
a
Barber-Chyrurgion
.
IN
every
Company
there
ought
to
be
a
Barber-Chyrurgion
for
the
trimming
of
the
Souldiers
,
who
ought
likewise
to
have
some
skill
in
Chyrurgery
;
that
when
the
Souldiers
are
upon
the
Watches
and
Guards
,
where
imminent
danger
may
be
,
he
may
be
then
at
hand
,
to
be
ready
in
the
absence
of
the
Chyrurgion
of
the
Regiment
to
bind
up
,
and
dress
the
hurt
and
wounded
men
.
He
is
free
from
duties
belonging
to
the
Company
;
and
in
some
places
,
is
allowed
to
be
an
Officer
in
the
List
of
their
Armies
,
which
I
conceive
it
ought
so
to
be
,
in
respect
they
allow
but
of
one
Chyrurgion
to
a
Regiment
;
and
if
it
should
happen
many
to
be
wounded
,
as
oftentimes
in
field-fights
there
are
,
one
man
is
not
able
scarce
in
three
days
to
bind
up
the
wounds
,
and
dress
the
sores
of
them
that
are
maimed
.
And
therefore
it
concerns
every
Captain
to
be
provided
,
and
to
have
in
the
absence
of
the
Chyrurgion
,
a
Barber-Chyrurgion
attending
on
his
Company
.
Of
a
Clerk
of
a
Company
.
HIs
carriage
ought
to
be
very
just
and
honest
;
his
chiefest
duty
is
to
keep
the
Muster-Roll
,
and
to
have
it
ready
upon
all
occasions
for
the
entring
of
his
men
upon
the
Muster-Roll
,
and
Pay-bill
.
He
is
many
times
intrusted
to
receive
the
Service-mony
of
the
Company
,
and
pays
such
monies
unto
the
Souldiers
as
shall
be
ordered
him
from
his
Captain
to
pay
.
He
must
inquire
out
in
their
Quarters
where
they
lie
,
and
duly
for
to
pay
them
,
and
every
pay-day
to
deliver
up
a
true
bill
,
giving
an
account
unto
his
Captain
of
all
such
moneys
he
hath
either
received
or
paid
forth
.
Of
a
Drum-Major
.
THere
ought
to
be
in
every
Regiment
a
Drum-Major
,
being
skilful
in
his
Profession
,
instructing
the
others
in
the
true
beating
of
a
March
,
with
all
other
points
of
VVar.
A
Drum-Major
must
likewise
be
well
skill'd
in
several
Languages
and
Tongues
,
and
to
be
wise
and
courteous
when
he
shall
be
imploy'd
or
sent
to
an
Enemy
:
He
is
in
a
discreet
manner
upon
the
marching
of
a
Regiment
to
order
part
of
the
Drums
where
they
shall
beat
,
seeing
them
truely
and
duly
relieved
by
the
others
for
the
better
performance
of
their
service
.
For
upon
the
march
,
if
all
the
Captains
Drums
should
beat
together
,
it
would
quickly
tire
them
out
;
therefore
for
their
ease
,
it
is
his
place
and
duty
to
order
them
according
to
discretion
to
take
their
turns
to
beat
,
and
to
be
relieved
by
each
other
.
He
is
,
moreover
,
to
take
into
his
charge
such
Drums
as
shall
be
brought
in
from
the
Enemies
by
their
Drummers
,
when
they
come
to
ransom
their
prisoners
;
and
upon
their
return
to
deliver
them
again
unto
them
.
He
ought
to
be
lodged
neer
the
Serjeant-Major
,
in
respect
he
is
to
give
instructions
to
the
rest
of
the
Drummers
,
and
may
upon
fail
of
their
Duties
give
them
correction
.
Of
the
Drummers
to
a
private
Company
.
EVery
Captain
ought
to
have
two
good
Drummers
,
that
knows-how
to
beat
all
the
several
points
of
War
before
mentioned
.
It
is
likewise
expedient
that
he
should
be
a
good
Linguist
,
in
respect
sometimes
he
may
be
sent
unto
an
Enemy
for
the
ransoming
of
Prisoners
:
His
duty
is
,
coming
to
the
Camp
or
Garrison
of
an
Enemy
,
having
his
Generals
Pass
in
his
Hat
,
to
beat
a
Call
,
till
he
is
fetcht
in
;
and
because
he
shall
not
discover
the
weakness
of
Guards
,
Works
or
Trenches
,
he
is
led
blind-fold
,
and
so
carried
to
the
Commander
,
and
place
where
his
Prisoners
are
:
VVith
whom
(
after
he
hath
ransomed
them
)
he
is
to
return
to
his
own
Quarters
,
giving
an
account
of
such
things
he
hath
seen
or
heard
,
which
may
prove
advantageous
to
his
own
party
,
or
of
any
other
thing
he
had
opportunity
by
their
neglect
to
take
notice
of
.
Of
a
Gentleman
of
Arms.
HIs
Duty
is
to
see
that
the
Souldiers
keep
their
Arms
neat
and
clean
,
and
that
they
be
well
fixed
;
and
if
any
thing
be
amiss
or
broken
,
he
is
to
have
them
carried
to
the
Armourers
to
be
repaired
.
And
if
any
Souldier
shall
be
sick
,
dead
,
or
have
leave
to
return
to
his
own
Country
,
he
is
to
bring
his
Arms
to
his
own
Lodging
,
there
preserving
and
keeping
them
clean
,
until
he
shall
have
occasion
to
deliver
them
to
some
other
newly
entertained
.
He
is
likewise
to
mark
and
figure
the
Arms
of
the
Company
,
and
to
preserve
and
keep
a
List
what
number
of
figure
each
Souldier
should
bear
upon
his
Arms.
He
is
likewise
to
keep
the
Powder
,
Bullet
and
March
,
and
to
deliver
it
forth
upon
occasions
to
the
Corporals
,
or
Lanspassadoe
.
Of
a
Lanspassadoe
.
HIs
Duty
is
concerned
in
the
absence
of
his
Corporal
to
officiate
in
all
things
belonging
unto
his
place
,
and
is
at
all
times
to
be
an
assistant
unto
him
,
for
his
ease
and
help-mate
upon
all
occasions
,
for
the
better
managing
of
his
place
;
and
many
times
they
are
Rounders
and
Sentinel
Perdues
in
time
of
great
necessity
.
The
duty
of
a
Corporal
.
THe
Corporals
of
a
Company
are
not
tyed
to
a
set
number
,
but
to
be
ordered
according
to
the
several
strengths
and
divisions
of
the
same
,
for
each
to
take
his
charge
and
care
of
every
Squadron
thereof
.
And
unto
each
of
them
there
is
a
Lanspassadoe
for
an
assistant
:
for
their
Rule
of
Dignity
,
I
conceive
,
it
makes
not
much
more
matter
then
to
make
them
the
right-hand
File-leader
in
every
particular
division
;
but
if
any
will
be
so
curious
to
order
them
according
to
that
,
let
them
apply
themselves
unto
the
former
Rules
for
directions
to
the
same
.
The
Corporals
duty
in
his
Squadron
is
to
teach
and
instruct
them
in
the
use
of
the
Pike
and
Musket
,
and
to
have
a
Roll
and
List
of
his
men
in
his
Division
or
Squadron
.
And
when
a
Souldiers
name
is
crossed
out
,
he
is
to
give
notice
unto
his
Serjeant
;
and
when
a
new
one
shall
supply
his
place
,
his
care
must
be
to
instruct
and
enable
him
in
the
Postures
of
such
Arms
as
he
shall
bear
.
Being
with
his
Squadron
upon
his
Guard
,
he
is
to
provide
them
with
Wood
,
Coal
,
Candle
and
light
.
Having
an
Out-guard
,
his
care
must
be
to
strengthen
it
,
his
little
Corps
du
Guard
and
Sentinels
must
be
forth
according
to
the
avenews
or
comings
on
of
the
Enemy
,
whereby
he
prevents
their
cutting
off
or
surprisal
;
the
negligence
whereof
proves
both
dangerous
to
themselves
,
and
the
whole
Army
.
Wherefore
it
behoves
him
to
be
very
careful
and
vigilant
to
visit
them
,
after
giving
them
an
especial
charge
to
be
both
faithful
and
careful
in
the
great
trust
reposed
in
them
.
He
must
likewise
preserve
and
keep
the
Word
constant
in
his
memory
;
when
the
Captain
of
the
Watch
goes
the
first
Round
,
he
shall
with
his
Sword
drawn
against
his
brest
give
it
him
,
and
receive
such
Orders
from
him
as
he
shall
command
him
;
but
afterwards
when
the
Round
shall
come
again
,
he
shall
cause
the
Rounders
or
Gentlemen
(
with
his
Sword
drawn
)
to
give
the
Word
to
him
before
they
pass
.
He
ought
never
to
go
alone
,
being
called
forth
by
the
Sentinel
,
but
to
have
a
Guard
of
three
or
four
Muskettiers
along
with
him
,
selected
out
of
his
Corps
du
Guard
.
He
must
advise
his
Sentinels
how
to
demean
themselves
upon
the
discovery
of
an
Enemy
,
either
to
give
an
Alarum
,
or
else
to
give
notice
without
making
a
noise
.
And
if
upon
his
Guard
he
shall
either
observe
,
or
be
advertised
by
his
Sentinels
of
the
approach
of
the
Enemy
,
then
he
is
to
have
his
men
in
readiness
with
Bullets
in
their
Muskets
,
and
their
Matches
lighted
;
himself
secretly
coming
in
,
giving
intelligence
unto
his
Captain
,
or
other
Superiour
Officer
,
whereby
they
may
all
be
in
a
readiness
before
the
Alarum
be
given
.
He
is
likewise
to
distribute
Victual
,
Powder
,
Bullet
and
Match
,
unto
his
Squadron
,
and
to
take
notice
of
the
best
experienced
men
,
and
accordingly
to
imploy
them
upon
action
upon
the
Watches
.
He
must
cause
respect
to
be
given
to
the
Corps
du
Guard
;
and
silence
to
be
kept
,
whether
it
be
about
the
Walls
or
Gates
,
that
so
the
noise
may
not
hinder
the
hearing
of
the
advertisement
from
the
Sentinels
.
He
is
likewise
to
have
an
eye
to
their
lives
and
manners
,
and
to
take
care
of
the
Baggage
and
Money
of
such
as
are
hurt
or
sick
,
and
to
be
in
his
own
carriage
sober
,
wise
and
discreet
,
for
the
avoiding
ill
example
unto
others
.
Of
the
Martial
of
a
Regiment
.
HE
ought
to
take
into
his
custody
all
persons
committed
unto
his
charge
by
the
chief
Officers
of
the
Regiment
;
and
if
they
be
called
to
justice
,
he
is
to
bring
them
to
the
Martial-General
,
who
are
to
be
carried
from
thence
to
the
Council
of
War
.
It
is
also
his
care
to
see
that
all
Women
,
Boyes
,
Servants
,
Bread
,
and
Aquavita-sellers
,
belonging
to
the
Regiment
,
do
march
in
the
Reer
,
and
not
before
,
or
upon
the
Flanks
.
He
is
likewise
to
set
such
prizes
upon
Beer
and
Victuals
,
as
the
Lord-Martial
,
or
Serjeant-Major-General
shall
appoint
;
which
Order
he
shall
receive
from
the
Provost-Martial
of
the
Army
,
and
to
see
it
duly
executed
within
the
Circuit
of
the
Regiment
:
And
that
the
Sutlers
do
not
sell
their
Beer
and
Victuals
above
the
set
rate
,
lest
they
grate
upon
the
Souldiers
.
After
the
Captain
of
the
Watch
hath
gone
the
first
Round
,
he
is
to
see
that
the
Sutlers
keep
no
tipling
or
disorder
in
the
night
,
but
make
them
put
out
their
Candle-light
and
Fires
.
During
the
time
of
Divine
Service
,
he
is
to
go
the
Round
,
for
fear
any
disorders
should
be
committed
in
the
Quarters
.
Of
a
Quarter-Master
.
IF
the
Regiment
be
marching
with
the
Army
,
(
and
not
alone
)
he
is
then
every
evening
to
attend
upon
the
Quarter-Master-General
,
to
receive
his
directions
,
and
to
take
the
place
,
ground
,
and
houses
,
appointed
by
him
,
for
the
Quarter
and
Lodging
of
the
Regiment
;
who
presently
is
to
acquaint
and
advertise
his
Colonel
of
the
same
,
and
after
to
follow
his
charge
.
First
,
he
appointeth
or
prepareth
the
Colonels
Lodging
,
and
other
Officers
of
the
Field
,
in
the
Center
or
midst
of
all
the
Quarters
;
and
neer
them
himself
,
and
all
the
other
Officers
of
the
Staff
.
After
,
according
to
the
seniority
of
the
Captains
,
and
their
marchings
,
to
distribute
forth
their
Quarters
as
may
be
designed
.
Having
thus
far
acted
through
the
help
of
the
Constables
and
Head-boroughs
of
those
places
where
the
Regiment
is
to
Quarter
;
and
having
drawn
forth
their
Billets
in
a
good
and
orderly
way
,
he
is
before
the
Regiments
entring
the
Quarters
,
to
deliver
the
same
to
the
Colonel
,
or
other
Field-Officers
of
that
Regiment
;
and
they
to
deliver
it
to
the
rest
of
the
Captains
,
to
direct
them
to
their
Lodgings
,
with
the
particular
Souldiers
of
their
Company
.
And
during
the
time
that
he
is
about
the
visiting
the
distribution
of
the
Lodgings
,
all
the
Troops
are
to
keep
watch
round
about
the
place
,
and
to
send
out
to
discover
:
he
must
also
be
informed
of
the
Lodgings
of
the
whole
Army
,
to
know
whom
to
give
,
or
whom
to
receive
Supplies
in
case
of
necessity
.
If
the
Quarter
be
in
the
open
field
,
the
Quarter-Master-General
shall
appoint
to
each
Quarter-Master
the
place
and
ground
which
he
shall
take
,
which
he
is
to
distribute
to
the
Serjeants
of
every
Company
of
the
Regiment
,
who
are
to
assist
him
in
taking
the
depth
,
length
and
breadth
of
their
Quarters
,
with
the
distances
of
the
Alarum-place
between
the
head
of
the
Quarters
and
the
Trench
,
and
the
true
distance
of
the
Streets
betwixt
the
in-getting
of
each
Captains
particular
Company
.
When
an
Army
or
Regiment
shall
sit
down
before
a
Town
,
or
forraging
place
,
to
besiege
it
,
they
are
imployed
sometimes
to
be
Forragers
to
fetch
in
provision
for
the
Army
,
or
particular
Regiments
.
Which
when
they
shall
be
required
,
they
ought
to
have
sufficient
Convoys
and
Guards
,
both
of
Infantry
and
Cavalry
to
secure
them
;
who
are
to
be
commanded
by
able
Officers
;
and
the
Provost-Martial
,
or
one
of
his
Assistants
is
to
go
along
with
them
,
to
punish
such
as
are
exorbitant
,
or
do
straggle
.
It
will
be
expedient
to
the
Regiment
,
that
the
Quater-Master
upon
the
Service
may
be
imployed
twice
in
a
week
,
to
bring
in
a
fresh
Victual
to
the
Souldiers
;
but
not
to
go
twice
to
one
place
,
lest
they
be
discovered
by
an
Enemy
,
and
be
way-laid
by
their
Forces
,
who
may
sometimes
prove
stronger
then
themselves
,
to
prevent
,
or
to
cut
them
off
by
the
way
,
laying
of
them
secretly
in
some
Ambushments
:
Which
being
truely
considered
of
,
care
may
be
taken
accordingly
of
Supplies
in
other
remote
places
,
free
from
the
danger
of
the
Enemy
.
To
conclude
,
a
Quarter-Master
ought
to
carry
himself
honestly
and
carefully
in
his
place
,
and
to
be
well
skill'd
in
the
Art
of
Mathematicks
,
that
he
may
the
better
give
Directions
for
fortifying
and
measuring
of
ground
,
quartering
of
his
whole
Regiment
,
and
in
hutting
of
the
particular
Souldiers
.
The
duty
of
a
Serjeant
.
HE
that
is
a
Serjeant
to
a
Company
,
ought
to
be
well
skill'd
in
the
Postures
and
all
Military
Motions
,
whereby
in
the
first
place
he
may
endeavour
to
correct
the
errours
of
such
who
handle
not
the
Arms
in
a
handsome
,
or
a
serviceable
way
.
And
secondly
,
that
he
may
be
helpful
to
his
Captain
,
or
other
Superiour
Officer
.
In
time
of
his
Exercise
,
his
duty
is
to
draw
forth
the
Files
according
to
such
depths
as
shall
be
appointed
unto
him
by
his
Captain
,
or
other
Superiour
Officer
,
and
to
order
them
in
the
drawing
up
,
and
joyning
together
the
Souldiers
unto
such
places
of
honour
as
they
shall
direct
him
unto
.
In
a
single
Company
he
leadeth
oftentimes
a
Division
,
but
ought
not
always
there
to
march
,
in
respect
he
is
concerned
to
see
that
the
Souldiers
march
even
in
their
Ranks
at
their
distance
of
Order
in
File
,
and
open
Order
in
Rank
.
To
which
purpose
,
he
ought
many
times
to
be
upon
the
Flanks
,
and
perceiving
any
Souldier
out
of
order
,
he
may
cast
in
his
Halbert
between
their
Ranks
,
to
cause
him
to
march
even
abrest
with
his
right
and
left-hand-men
.
He
is
likewise
either
in
Field
or
Garrison
to
lead
his
Squadron
to
their
Guard
,
and
to
carry
to
prison
such
Offendours
as
his
Captain
or
other
Superiour
Officer
shall
commit
to
the
Provost-Martial
.
He
is
to
see
that
the
Muskettiers
in
time
of
skirmishing
present
all
even
abrest
,
with
their
Matches
all
cockt
,
giving
fire
all
together
in
good
Order
;
and
to
direct
them
how
to
fall
off
,
and
rally
again
in
the
Reer
of
their
own
Divisions
.
His
duty
likewise
is
to
fetch
Ammunition
,
Powder
,
Match
,
and
all
other
Materials
for
the
Company
.
He
is
,
moreover
,
every
particular
evening
to
attend
at
the
place
of
Parade
,
or
at
the
Majors
Lodging
,
to
fetch
the
Word
,
and
carry
it
to
his
Captain
,
Lieutenant
,
Ensign
,
and
Corporals
;
and
likewise
as
soon
as
he
is
come
unto
his
Guard
,
he
must
direct
the
Corporals
where
to
set
out
the
Perdues
and
Sentinels
,
and
how
to
order
his
Watch.
He
must
likewise
make
Rounds
;
and
if
he
finde
a
Sentinel
asleep
in
the
Field
,
he
is
to
commit
him
to
the
hand
of
Justice
.
And
thus
much
concerning
the
duty
of
a
Serjeant
.
Of
an
Ensign
.
AN
Ensign
being
a
Commission-Officer
,
in
the
absence
of
his
Captain
and
Lieutenant
,
is
Commander
in
chief
of
the
Company
,
and
ought
to
march
upon
the
head
of
the
same
,
leading
them
with
a
Half-pike
.
His
Captain
and
Lieutenant
being
present
,
and
upon
a
Stand
,
his
Colours
ought
to
rest
upon
his
side
,
being
held
by
his
right
or
left-hand
,
and
unfurled
;
upon
the
March
,
his
Colours
ought
to
be
shouldered
,
taking
up
the
corner-end
of
them
in
his
right-hand
,
and
to
let
them
be
half
flying
;
the
Pikes
and
Muskets
all
conforming
unto
the
same
Posture
.
Marching
through
a
City
,
for
the
more
grace
,
his
Colours
may
be
wholly
flying
,
being
advanced
and
held
up
by
his
right-hand
,
or
resting
upon
his
right
side
.
He
ought
to
be
a
proper
man
,
grave
,
valiant
and
discreet
,
and
to
be
well
skill'd
in
the
Postures
of
the
Pike
;
in
respect
he
leads
them
,
and
they
expect
from
him
to
be
taught
the
Postures
thereof
.
He
ought
to
be
well
skill'd
in
all
the
lofty
Figures
of
the
displaying
of
the
Colours
above
the
head
,
and
to
make
use
of
them
according
to
discretion
and
command
;
which
is
not
onely
a
healthfull
exercise
to
his
body
,
but
also
most
becoming
to
him
,
or
any
other
Gentleman
or
Commander
whatsoever
,
that
shall
sometimes
make
use
of
the
same
;
although
condemned
through
sloth
and
ignorance
by
others
,
who
will
not
take
the
pains
to
learn
it
.
An
Ensign
upon
a
Troop
,
lodging
he
Colours
,
or
in
time
of
skirmishing
,
may
fold
them
up
,
and
retreat
into
the
second
Rank
for
the
securing
of
his
Colours
,
which
he
ought
to
stick
by
,
and
not
to
stir
from
them
at
such
a
time
,
although
he
hazardeth
his
last
drop
of
blood
,
or
makes
them
his
winding-sheet
.
When
the
General
shall
pass
by
,
or
any
such
man
of
worth
,
he
ought
a
little
to
vail
his
Colours
,
inclining
the
head
,
or
narrow
end
thereof
,
a
little
downward
;
but
not
to
bow
his
knee
,
or
uncover
his
head
.
He
may
sometimes
for
his
ease
or
recreation
upon
the
March
,
request
some
Gentleman
of
knowing
trust
of
the
Pikes
to
carry
his
Colours
for
him
,
until
such
time
as
he
shall
come
again
for
to
take
them
.
In
the
absence
of
his
Lieutenant
,
when
his
Captain
shall
exercise
the
Company
,
he
may
stick
his
Colours
in
the
ground
,
or
deliver
them
to
some
Gentleman
of
the
Pikes
,
and
fall
down
himself
in
the
Reer
with
a
Half-pike
or
Cane
,
there
to
be
an
assistant
to
his
Captain
in
supplying
the
Lieutenants
place
,
except
his
Captain
should
command
him
to
the
contrary
.
He
ought
to
have
a
Guard
along
with
him
,
as
well
to
the
lodging
of
his
Colours
,
as
to
any
other
place
.
He
ought
to
perform
all
courteous
offices
for
the
Souldiers
unto
his
Captain
,
which
will
gain
him
both
love
and
reputation
amongst
them
,
they
thereby
better
respecting
him
,
and
more
couragiously
following
of
him
.
Of
a
Lieutenant
.
HE
that
is
a
Lieutenant
to
a
Company
,
ought
to
be
a
good
and
able
Souldier
,
and
well
to
understand
the
Duty
of
a
Captain
;
in
respect
that
in
his
absence
he
is
as
Captain
and
Commander
in
chief
over
them
.
He
is
likewise
to
receive
all
Orders
,
Charges
,
and
Commissions
from
his
Captain
,
assuming
no
authority
unto
himself
;
but
in
the
absence
of
his
Captain
he
is
to
see
all
such
Orders
he
hath
received
duly
executed
,
for
the
better
ease
unto
him
.
He
is
likewise
at
such
times
frequently
to
exercise
the
Company
in
all
their
Military
Motions
,
Skirmishings
,
and
False-firings
in
the
pan
.
He
is
to
hold
the
Serjeants
and
Corporals
strictly
to
their
duty
,
causing
them
to
provide
all
things
necessary
for
the
Company
,
and
to
be
assistants
unto
him
where
he
shall
see
cause
.
He
is
to
teach
and
instruct
the
Souldiers
in
the
use
of
their
Arms
,
and
sometime
for
their
ease
,
he
may
command
every
File-leader
to
draw
forth
his
File
,
and
to
shew
them
their
postures
.
By
which
means
he
shall
do
such
good
service
to
his
Captain
,
that
when
he
shall
exercise
them
himself
,
he
may
find
them
more
apter
and
readier
to
fulfil
his
Commands
;
at
which
time
the
Lieutenant
ought
to
be
in
the
Reer
,
and
to
see
all
things
there
truly
executed
according
to
the
Captains
commands
.
He
is
in
time
of
danger
and
great
importance
to
advise
with
his
Captain
about
the
welfare
of
the
Company
;
for
knowing
his
Captains
intentions
and
purposes
before-hand
,
he
may
be
the
better
provided
to
withstand
the
furious
onset
of
the
Enemy
.
He
ought
to
have
the
Ensign
,
and
all
other
Officers
of
the
Company
as
near
him
as
may
be
,
there
being
often-times
urgent
business
to
make
use
of
them
as
occasion
shall
require
.
He
must
neither
cashiere
nor
punish
any
man
in
the
presence
of
his
Captain
,
but
ought
to
make
him
acquainted
therewith
,
that
he
may
punish
the
offender
by
committing
him
either
to
prison
,
or
cause
him
to
give
recompence
to
the
party
wronged
.
To
conclude
,
he
ought
to
know
how
far
his
power
doth
extend
,
either
in
the
presence
or
absence
of
his
Captain
,
always
demeaning
himself
so
,
that
he
may
gain
the
love
of
his
whole
Company
,
by
acting
those
things
amongst
them
as
may
be
just
and
honest
.
Of
a
Captain
.
HE
that
is
a
Captain
of
a
Company
,
ought
in
respect
he
leadeth
the
same
,
and
is
Chief
,
to
appoint
unto
the
Officers
their
several
places
,
what
Divisions
they
shall
lead
,
and
where
they
shall
march
,
and
according
to
the
number
of
Files
to
make
his
Divisions
answerable
thereto
,
by
dividing
his
Muskettiers
as
near
as
he
can
,
the
one
half
upon
the
right
of
the
Pikes
,
and
the
other
upon
the
left
:
for
they
being
the
Flankers
,
ought
equally
to
be
ballanced
;
but
if
there
be
an
odd
File
,
it
ought
to
be
contrived
,
and
carried
to
the
right
.
In
the
Van
,
Battail
,
or
Reer
,
he
must
according
to
the
number
of
his
men
,
order
his
Officers
places
,
and
draw
them
off
accordingly
in
as
equal
a
way
as
they
will
afford
.
He
is
,
as
well
as
his
own
,
to
know
all
the
several
duties
of
his
Officers
,
and
to
be
a
good
Posture-man
himself
,
that
when
he
sees
any
of
his
Souldiers
handling
their
Arms
in
an
undecent
and
slovenly
manner
,
he
may
the
better
reprove
them
for
the
same
.
And
although
many
Captains
regardeth
them
not
,
but
leaveth
them
to
be
instructed
by
the
inferiour
Officers
;
yet
it
is
a
great
deal
of
honour
to
him
,
when
his
Souldiers
shall
be
taught
by
himself
,
they
more
cheerfully
and
confidently
marching
along
with
him
,
when
as
they
perceive
that
he
is
throughly
knowing
in
all
things
belonging
to
his
charge
.
He
shall
do
well
to
exercise
his
Company
sometimes
himself
,
teaching
them
how
to
fight
upon
all
occasions
,
whether
it
be
to
Front
,
Reer
,
or
Flanks
,
or
upon
surprise
of
an
Ambuscado
,
or
any
other
disadvantage
which
may
befall
them
,
informing
them
how
to
fall
off
and
rally
again
in
good
order
.
And
at
such
times
he
must
couragiously
and
wisely
behave
himself
,
and
incourage
his
Souldiers
of
hopes
of
Victory
,
casting
off
all
appearances
of
fear
or
danger
whatsoever
,
cheerfully
animating
his
Souldiers
to
fall
on
,
taking
care
,
and
making
much
of
them
,
and
not
to
forsake
them
until
such
time
they
may
be
relieved
by
others
.
He
is
to
have
a
fatherly
care
of
his
Souldiers
,
timely
providing
for
the
maimed
,
wounded
,
and
sick
,
such
helps
and
remedies
as
their
present
conditions
requires
.
He
must
likewise
see
that
there
be
no
want
of
Victual
,
Arms
,
or
Ammunition
.
He
ought
not
to
be
covetous
,
nor
keep
back
his
Souldiers
pay
,
but
to
see
them
duly
paid
,
visiting
and
relieving
them
according
to
their
several
wants
and
necessities
.
His
care
must
be
to
execute
Justice
,
appease
quarrels
,
punish
offenders
;
by
doing
whereof
,
he
will
maintain
the
honour
and
dignity
of
his
place
.
He
ought
to
carry
a
very
even
hand
over
his
Souldiers
,
and
to
be
very
courteous
and
kind
unto
them
;
yet
with
that
restriction
of
familiarity
,
that
he
come
not
under
contempt
.
And
again
,
he
must
not
be
too
rigid
and
harsh
,
caning
or
beating
them
without
just
cause
,
lest
he
incurre
their
hatred
,
who
secretly
,
or
in
time
of
Battail
will
seek
to
be
revenged
of
him
,
endeavouring
to
kill
him
,
before
their
enemy
;
therefore
he
ought
to
be
wise
and
discreet
in
his
commands
and
carriage
towards
them
.
His
place
of
marching
with
his
Company
,
is
some
six
foot
before
the
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
;
but
if
his
Company
be
drawn
up
,
he
is
either
upon
a
Stand
,
or
upon
the
March
,
to
be
on
the
head
of
the
Pikes
,
six
foot
before
the
Ensign
.
In
time
of
Battail
,
although
he
leads
his
men
up
first
against
the
Enemy
,
yet
he
is
not
always
tied
to
be
in
the
Front
,
having
often
just
occasion
to
remove
down
into
the
Reer
,
Midst
,
or
Flanks
,
carefully
casting
his
eye
upon
all
parts
of
the
Body
,
thereby
preventing
the
least
error
or
neglect
of
his
Souldiers
,
directing
them
what
to
do
,
keeping
them
in
good
order
as
long
as
occasion
shall
require
.
Moreover
,
he
ought
to
be
very
religious
,
temperate
,
and
discreet
,
faithful
in
his
trust
,
valiant
in
the
field
against
the
face
of
his
enemy
,
and
being
besieged
in
either
Town
or
Fort
,
(
for
to
preserve
his
honour
)
never
give
his
consent
for
the
yielding
it
up
,
until
it
be
past
hope
,
that
there
is
no
possibility
to
hold
it
out
any
longer
.
Of
a
Serjeant-Major
.
HIs
duty
is
every
morning
and
evening
,
or
upon
any
other
occasion
,
to
attend
upon
the
General
,
Martial
of
the
Field
,
or
Serjeant-Major-General
of
the
Army
,
to
receive
his
Orders
how
,
or
in
what
manner
the
Regiment
shall
march
,
whether
in
a
single
Battalion
,
or
else
in
two
,
to
be
joined
with
others
.
After
which
he
gives
order
accordingly
unto
the
Captains
how
to
draw
up
their
Companies
and
orders
them
accordingly
.
At
which
time
of
embattelling
or
marching
,
he
ought
to
be
as
near
the
midst
of
the
Regiment
as
he
can
,
for
the
better
regulating
of
the
same
.
He
is
to
place
all
the
Officers
according
to
their
Dignity
where
they
are
to
lead
,
and
where
to
bring
up
,
and
which
men
they
shall
take
charge
of
to
fight
,
causing
the
Drum-Major
(
after
they
are
all
drawn
up
)
and
the
other
Drummers
to
beat
a
March
,
and
to
move
all
at
one
instant
,
as
occasion
shall
require
.
He
ought
to
make
all
the
Divisions
as
near
equally
alike
as
possible
he
can
.
He
must
likewise
be
well
verst
in
the
several
drawing
up
of
Regiments
,
with
their
various
forms
of
Battail
,
that
according
to
the
condition
of
the
place
,
ground
,
number
of
men
,
and
Orders
received
from
the
Major-General
,
or
Majors
of
the
Brigades
,
he
may
not
shew
himself
a
Novice
,
or
one
that
is
to
seek
:
nor
ought
he
to
go
dully
or
slothfully
upon
his
charge
or
place
,
but
to
be
very
ready
,
quick
,
and
nimbly
performing
with
much
ease
and
readiness
his
Battalions
and
grand
Divisions
.
In
their
drawings
up
he
may
be
permitted
to
have
Pen
,
Ink
,
and
Paper
for
to
take
an
accompt
of
the
several
strengths
of
the
Captains
Companies
,
and
to
order
his
men
accordingly
,
and
ought
to
give
unto
all
the
Officers
of
the
Regiment
notes
in
writing
of
their
several
charges
and
places
.
In
time
of
fight
,
or
otherwise
marching
with
the
Regiment
,
he
is
to
be
on
horse-back
,
in
regard
he
is
the
eyes
,
hands
,
and
feet
thereof
:
in
time
of
Battail
he
is
to
see
every
Officer
to
perform
his
charge
,
and
Souldier
his
duty
,
forcing
and
compelling
them
forward
,
if
in
case
they
turn
their
backs
.
He
is
also
to
distribute
to
the
Captains
and
other
Officers
such
Orders
as
he
shall
receive
from
his
Colonel
or
other
Superior
Officer
.
In
marching
with
the
Regiment
,
not
alone
,
but
with
the
Army
,
he
must
know
from
the
General
,
Martial
,
or
Major-General
,
whether
the
Regiment
be
to
march
in
the
Van-guard
,
Battail
,
or
Reer
.
He
ought
to
have
some
knowledge
or
information
of
the
Country
,
whether
it
be
long
or
streight
,
thereby
judging
how
to
order
his
marching
so
,
as
he
may
not
be
disturbed
by
the
enemies
Horse
,
or
Artillery
.
Being
troubled
with
Baggage
,
if
there
be
any
difficult
passage
,
he
ought
to
be
there
present
to
prevent
such
disorders
as
may
happen
;
giving
directions
for
their
placing
and
marching
,
as
they
may
not
be
any
hinderance
to
the
Regiment
,
putting
them
in
order
again
before
the
Regiment
shall
enter
into
their
Quarters
;
at
which
time
he
may
give
license
to
the
Captains
and
their
Ensigns
to
take
their
lodgings
,
excepting
only
those
who
are
appointed
for
Guardians
,
who
must
enter
the
Corps
du
guard
,
and
place
their
Sentinels
until
such
time
as
they
shall
be
relieved
by
others
.
Now
if
a
Regiment
be
to
be
quartered
or
lodged
either
in
the
Field
,
or
under
shelter
;
if
in
the
Field
,
he
must
cause
it
to
be
barracado'd
,
or
intrenched
by
the
Waggons
,
or
other
defences
of
the
Field
;
after
which
he
is
to
place
his
Corps
du
guard
round
about
the
Quarters
,
and
the
Sentinels
at
so
near
a
distance
,
that
they
may
hear
one
the
other
speak
,
being
about
80
,
or
100
paces
off
from
the
Corps
du
guard
,
being
placed
double
,
a
Pike
and
a
Musket
;
and
five
paces
from
them
,
other
single
Sentinels
are
to
be
placed
,
which
are
called
Perdues
.
And
in
case
of
Alarm
,
the
Sentinel
Perdue
shall
retreat
to
the
double
Sentinel
;
and
in
case
of
necessity
,
all
together
,
having
given
fire
,
are
to
retreat
to
the
Corps
du
guard
.
He
must
likewise
at
divers
hours
of
the
night
visit
the
Corps
du
guard
,
and
if
an
Alarm
be
given
in
the
Field
,
he
is
to
betake
himself
to
the
Alarm-place
of
the
Regiment
,
and
there
to
form
his
Battalion
,
and
to
send
men
to
double
the
Guards
on
that
part
where
the
Alarm
was
given
,
and
to
give
notice
thereof
to
his
Colonel
,
or
other
Superior
Officer
,
if
they
be
present
,
of
what
passeth
.
The
Ensigns
ought
not
to
retreat
,
unless
their
Colonel
or
he
give
leave
:
no
Order
at
any
time
ought
to
be
altered
,
but
by
him
,
in
respect
he
giveth
none
but
such
as
he
receiveth
from
the
Colonel
.
It
is
his
duty
to
speak
for
Ammunition
,
as
Powder
,
Bullets
,
Match
;
and
for
Victuals
,
if
there
shall
be
any
want
in
the
Regiment
,
which
provisions
ought
to
be
delivered
unto
him
,
and
he
to
see
it
equally
distributed
unto
the
Companies
according
unto
the
proportion
given
out
.
And
likewise
he
is
to
give
Order
what
proportion
or
number
of
workmen
,
or
commanded
men
,
shall
be
drawn
forth
to
work
.
If
under
shelter
,
then
he
is
to
view
the
place
,
both
within
and
without
,
appointing
the
places
for
the
Corps
du
guards
and
Sentinels
,
and
the
way
of
the
Rounders
,
that
it
be
free
.
It
will
be
expedient
for
him
to
chuse
the
Alarm-place
,
whither
the
Companies
upon
the
Alarum
given
are
to
repair
,
being
the
Rendezvous
for
the
whole
Regiment
;
being
careful
to
place
sufficient
Guards
,
both
upon
the
Walls
,
and
about
the
Gates
,
for
their
more
security
.
Which
being
ended
,
he
may
give
leave
to
the
Captains
to
go
to
their
Lodgings
,
and
several
Quarters
,
there
to
remain
until
they
shall
be
called
upon
Duties
;
for
the
due
performance
whereof
,
he
is
to
cause
them
to
cast
Lots
,
whereby
they
may
know
what
part
of
the
Walls
may
fall
to
their
turn
.
He
is
to
command
the
Captains
to
enter
the
Guards
about
ten
or
eleven
a
clock
in
the
morning
;
he
is
likewise
to
open
and
shut
the
Gates
,
at
the
rising
or
setting
of
the
Sun
,
and
to
place
the
Watches
upon
the
Walls
presently
upon
the
shutting
of
the
Gates
,
and
to
relieve
them
upon
the
opening
thereof
.
And
as
he
doth
receive
his
directions
for
marching
,
imbattelling
,
viewing
of
ground
,
and
placing
of
Guards
,
from
the
Serjeant-Major-General
,
or
Serjeant-Major
of
that
Brigade
:
so
he
is
to
deliver
them
over
to
the
Captains
and
Officers
of
that
Regiment
,
and
to
call
upon
them
to
whom
it
appertains
,
to
see
them
duly
executed
.
In
the
presence
of
his
Colonel
,
and
Lieutenant-Colonel
,
he
is
to
be
an
assistant
unto
them
,
in
seeing
all
orders
and
directions
duly
performed
;
and
in
their
absence
,
he
hath
the
same
authority
and
command
as
they
.
He
ought
after
he
hath
received
the
Word
and
Orders
from
the
Serjeant-Major-General
,
or
Serjeant-Major
of
the
Brigade
,
he
presently
delivers
them
to
his
Colonel
and
Lieutenant-Colonel
;
and
afterwards
to
the
Serjeants
of
every
Company
,
drawn
in
a
Ring
,
according
to
the
Seniority
of
their
Captains
,
which
are
to
come
,
and
attend
upon
him
for
the
same
.
In
the
absence
of
his
Superiour
Officers
,
he
giveth
the
Word
himself
;
every
night
he
is
to
visit
all
the
Guards
of
the
Regiment
,
commanding
them
duly
to
keep
the
turns
of
their
Watches
and
Marches
,
seeing
that
one
Captains
Company
perform
not
more
duty
than
another
,
to
the
end
,
that
both
the
honour
and
labour
may
be
equally
divided
among
so
he
may
exercise
the
whole
Regiment
,
being
thereunto
required
by
his
Colonel
,
or
Lieut.
Colonel
,
in
all
their
Distances
,
Facings
,
Doublings
,
Wheelings
,
and
False
firings
;
or
in
their
absence
,
of
himself
he
hath
full
power
so
to
do
.
To
conclude
,
he
ought
to
be
well
grounded
in
all
Military
Affairs
,
and
to
be
both
wise
and
valiant
.
Of
a
Lieutenant-Colonel
.
HE
that
is
a
Lieutenant-Colonel
to
a
Regiment
,
hath
a
very
honourable
place
,
having
power
and
command
over
all
the
Regiment
in
the
absence
of
his
Colonel
,
and
may
also
at
such
time
exercise
the
Regiment
in
all
the
Military
Motions
,
and
is
to
lead
the
Regiment
upon
the
head
thereof
:
but
when
his
Colonel
is
present
,
he
bringeth
up
the
Reer
,
if
they
march
in
one
Division
;
but
if
in
two
,
in
some
places
he
leadeth
the
second
,
as
his
Colonel
doth
the
first
;
or
if
in
three
,
as
formerly
is
shewen
,
he
commands
the
Van-guard
,
the
Colonel
the
Battail
,
and
the
Major
the
Reer-guard
.
His
place
is
not
of
so
great
pains
and
toyl
as
the
Majors
is
;
therefore
he
ought
in
the
drawing
up
of
the
Regiment
to
be
helpful
and
assisting
unto
him
in
that
particular
,
and
in
all
others
where
he
shall
think
fit
.
To
conclude
,
the
greatest
affairs
of
the
Regiment
being
carried
forth
by
the
Major
,
there
is
the
less
remaining
to
be
spoken
concerning
him
,
but
that
he
see
all
things
duly
observed
throughout
the
Regiment
,
according
unto
such
orders
received
from
those
which
are
above
him
.
Of
a
Colonel
.
IT
concerneth
every
Colonel
to
take
care
that
his
Companies
be
full
and
compleat
(
if
it
may
be
)
that
they
be
well
provided
of
Arms
,
and
to
take
cognizance
what
Exercises
are
continually
performed
by
them
,
communicating
Orders
,
and
commanding
all
Officers
of
his
Regiment
what
is
to
be
performed
by
each
Company
respectively
,
whensoever
they
shall
happen
to
be
upon
their
March
.
In
the
Head
of
his
Regiment
is
his
most
honourable
and
proper
place
,
and
there
he
ought
to
be
most
frequent
.
He
is
to
be
subservient
to
the
Lord
General
,
Lord
Martial
,
and
Serjeant-Major-General
of
the
Field
,
to
whom
he
is
to
pay
like
respect
and
observance
as
he
himself
expecteth
,
(
and
that
justly
)
from
all
inferiors
to
him
.
For
from
those
his
superior
Officers
,
by
him
are
received
in
charge
all
such
Orders
as
refer
to
the
place
of
Alarms
,
Marchings
,
Imbattellings
,
Guards
,
or
Convoys
.
Furthermore
,
it
is
requisite
that
every
Colonel
should
acquaint
himself
at
least
once
every
week
,
how
and
in
what
manner
the
Souldiers
of
his
Regiment
have
deported
themselves
in
their
several
Quarters
,
by
a
due
and
strict
examination
of
the
qualities
of
all
such
offences
as
have
occurred
,
and
been
committed
by
the
several
and
Distinct
Souldiers
under
his
command
,
hereby
preparing
every
several
misdemeanor
for
a
readier
hearing
before
a
Council
of
War
,
or
Court-Martial
;
and
this
is
easily
effected
by
convening
the
Captains
,
or
other
Officers
under
them
,
at
such
convenient
times
as
may
suit
with
his
occasions
;
every
Colonel
being
bound
to
make
his
appearance
at
each
Council
of
War
,
as
Assistant
to
the
Lord
Martial
,
and
President
of
the
said
Council
,
for
the
hearing
and
determining
of
all
such
propositions
and
matters
in
question
relating
to
the
Army
.
In
all
matters
of
Advice
and
Counsel
,
but
more
especially
when
any
Stratagem
,
Siege
,
or
intended
Battail
is
in
agitation
to
be
put
in
action
,
the
Colonel
ever
as
one
of
the
primary
Field-Officers
is
summoned
to
consult
with
the
General
,
and
with
all
freedom
to
deliver
his
opinion
in
all
things
that
shall
be
there
discussed
,
for
the
best
advantage
(
as
he
shall
conceive
)
for
the
designs
in
hand
,
how
weighty
and
important
soever
,
and
to
be
ready
to
go
upon
any
such
service
as
shall
be
cast
into
his
charge
to
be
executed
by
the
major
part
of
the
said
Council
,
and
to
express
his
obedience
to
his
General
,
although
it
be
a
service
that
correspond
not
with
his
own
opinion
at
the
first
,
but
being
cleared
by
the
larger
number
to
be
more
conducing
to
the
good
of
the
Design
,
couragiously
to
undertake
it
,
and
faithfully
to
perform
it
.
In
the
quartering
of
his
own
Regiment
,
which
is
always
ordered
for
Quarter
in
two
grand
Divisions
,
regard
is
to
be
had
that
his
own
Lodgings
be
ever
taken
up
in
the
most
equal
place
between
his
grand
Divisions
,
that
so
he
may
with
more
facility
and
celerity
dispense
and
import
his
commands
to
either
Party
.
What
commands
soever
shall
descend
unto
him
in
charge
from
his
superior
Officers
,
as
relating
to
the
Guards
,
disposing
of
Marchings
,
appointing
Imbattellings
,
ordering
of
Quarters
,
&c.
he
is
carefully
to
see
executed
.
He
must
do
justice
unto
all
without
partiality
,
so
far
as
he
exceed
not
his
proper
Authority
,
&
at
all
times
to
be
diligent
in
suppressing
of
Mutinies
,
even
in
their
first
growth
,
by
a
discreet
punishment
of
the
principal
offenders
,
for
prevention
of
further
mischief
and
inconvenience
.
Of
Guides
.
MAps
,
with
the
right
use
and
knowledge
of
them
,
are
great
helps
towards
the
finding
out
of
the
best
and
most
convenient
ways
.
Skilful
and
expert
Inhabitants
of
the
Countrey
,
are
most
proper
to
be
elected
for
Guides
;
and
it
is
necessary
,
for
their
better
encouragement
,
and
the
Armies
sudden
and
necessary
use
of
them
,
to
have
them
listed
in
Souldiers
pay
.
For
the
finding
out
of
the
fittest
and
ablest
persons
for
this
employment
,
it
is
most
especially
the
duty
of
the
Waggon-Masters
,
who
are
to
see
and
enquire
certainly
,
that
they
be
men
known
and
practised
in
all
possible
By-paths
,
Cross-ways
,
&c.
That
they
be
able
to
give
an
accompt
of
the
distance
of
places
,
of
the
evenness
and
straightness
of
them
,
whether
they
be
plain
or
crooked
,
hilly
or
stony
,
and
difficult
for
passage
;
what
Rivers
,
Hedges
,
Ditches
and
Bridges
lye
in
the
way
,
and
which
way
(
if
there
shall
be
several
ways
)
is
the
safest
and
shortest
,
which
the
nearer
or
farther
to
or
from
the
Enemies
Quarters
,
which
more
probable
for
their
approaches
,
as
likewise
for
Quarter
;
what
Forrage
,
what
Water
is
to
be
had
,
and
how
convenient
the
way
is
for
Baggage
.
If
it
shall
happen
that
these
Guides
may
be
chosen
partly
out
of
the
Souldiers
,
and
partly
from
the
Country-men
,
and
so
any
scrumple
,
jar
,
or
difference
happen
in
opinion
,
such
Officers
and
others
as
are
best
skill'd
in
those
parts
and
places
,
are
either
to
reconcile
the
difference
,
or
from
the
most
probable
intelligence
,
to
conclude
upon
the
most
convenient
passages
.
In
respect
of
the
danger
and
great
hazards
,
if
not
utter
ruine
,
that
the
Guides
sometimes
do
,
and
often
may
draw
the
Souldiers
into
by
treachery
and
false
play
,
they
are
many
times
caused
to
ride
haltered
about
the
neck
,
to
put
them
in
mind
of
capital
punishment
,
if
they
shall
mislead
the
party
they
guide
;
but
in
case
they
discharge
their
trust
faithfully
and
ably
,
they
ought
to
be
as
well
rewarded
for
their
encouragement
,
as
otherwise
to
be
punished
for
the
terrour
of
others
.
Of
Scouts
.
AN
active
Enemy
is
always
watchful
,
and
diligent
to
apprehend
every
opportunity
that
may
make
for
his
advantage
,
and
therefore
it
concerns
every
Commander
by
way
of
Counter-mine
,
as
it
were
,
to
be
careful
that
he
rightly
and
fully
inform
himself
of
their
ways
and
courses
,
for
prevention
of
his
own
danger
,
in
case
of
sudden
assaults
,
and
the
better
infesting
of
his
enemy
.
And
to
this
end
,
he
must
make
choice
of
such
as
are
approved
for
their
valour
and
fidelity
,
discretion
and
vigilancy
,
not
probable
to
be
corrupted
with
gain
,
or
daunted
through
fear
.
These
men
are
not
only
to
take
direct
,
plain
,
or
high
ways
,
but
also
by
private
and
unsuspected
passages
,
and
scouring
as
they
scout
all
places
whatsoever
that
are
accessible
;
and
when
they
have
made
diligent
observation
in
all
places
,
to
inform
of
nothing
but
what
they
can
give
the
ocular
proof
of
,
lest
by
their
errour
and
mistake
,
the
whole
Army
possibly
may
be
led
into
an
irreparable
ruine
;
and
whosoever
is
the
Conduct
or
Officer
of
these
Scouts
(
for
one
,
and
an
able
one
they
must
have
always
with
them
)
must
be
exceeding
careful
of
his
reputation
,
that
he
inform
of
nothing
more
then
what
he
can
justifie
from
his
own
eyes
or
ears
;
and
if
he
inform
further
,
to
inform
them
also
,
that
that
information
is
but
from
report
,
that
it
may
be
considered
of
accordingly
,
and
his
repute
preserved
intire
.
Of
Spies
.
OF
all
men
,
these
are
at
all
times
necessary
for
an
Army
,
and
in
all
Armies
of
all
men
they
will
deserve
to
be
most
certainly
&
liberally
rewarded
,
to
the
intent
that
they
may
at
all
times
cheerfully
and
faithfully
undertake
any
imployment
of
the
greatest
trust
,
hazard
,
or
danger
.
And
he
that
will
make
choice
of
able
and
trusty
men
in
this
kind
,
must
after
diligent
observation
,
and
weighing
of
their
dispositions
and
courage
,
select
them
out
of
his
own
Souldiers
,
who
under
pretence
of
some
discontent
for
want
of
pay
,
&c.
may
thereby
with
less
suspition
receive
entertainment
from
the
enemy
,
and
(
if
it
be
possible
)
to
be
listed
with
the
Horse
,
whereby
they
may
gain
the
fairer
opportunities
in
Field
or
Garrison
,
to
give
certain
intelligence
of
all
Designs
and
Occurrences
in
the
enemies
Quarters
.
Before
their
departure
from
you
,
let
them
take
their
several
instructions
(
for
the
more
you
have
,
the
better
,
if
they
be
design'd
for
several
places
,
and
unknown
unto
each
other
)
both
for
times
&
places
of
conveyance
,
which
places
must
be
strictly
observed
,
&
duly
searched
for
such
informations
,
as
your
Spies
shall
convey
thither
;
and
thither
let
your
answers
&
advices
be
reconveyed
for
their
further
instruction
.
Sometimes
there
may
arise
matters
of
such
importance
and
consequence
,
that
it
will
not
only
be
convenient
to
certifie
by
Letter
,
but
most
necessary
to
make
appearance
in
person
,
and
there
to
consult
and
advise
together
,
if
perhaps
the
enemy
shall
be
resolved
to
fall
upon
some
of
the
opposite
Quarters
suddainly
,
&c.
For
Cursary
Spies
,
and
present
Intelligence
,
the
people
of
meanest
rank
and
quality
are
the
fittest
Instruments
;
as
common
Peasants
,
Pedlars
,
Sellers
of
Strong-waters
,
or
Tobacco
,
and
the
like
,
who
may
pass
unsuspected
,
and
with
more
security
effect
your
purpose
.
There
are
yet
another
sort
of
Spies
of
another
nature
,
who
are
denominated
double
,
who
being
chosen
to
this
Office
upon
great
experience
of
their
trust
and
constancy
,
may
in
some
cases
be
allowed
to
inform
the
enemy
aright
,
in
some
such
affairs
of
yours
,
as
may
not
be
prejudicial
to
you
,
but
to
insinuate
and
win
belief
upon
the
contrary
party
;
and
hereupon
let
them
secure
themselves
into
the
private
service
of
some
of
their
Prime
Officers
,
whence
they
shall
(
as
being
better
acquainted
)
more
easily
discover
,
and
more
certainly
inform
of
the
enemies
proceedings
and
intentions
.
CHAP.
XXIV
.
Of
Military
Watches
.
HOw
necessary
these
Watches
are
in
all
Armies
,
is
evident
to
all
men
;
the
grand
and
chiefest
care
whereof
,
for
order
and
direction
,
resteth
in
the
Serjeant-Major
,
who
issueth
out
such
precepts
therein
to
the
Captains
or
Companies
,
as
he
himself
before
received
from
his
superior
Officer
;
&
according
to
the
said
precepts
received
,
whether
it
be
in
Garrison
or
Field
,
the
work
and
duty
required
is
to
be
performed
either
by
Squadrons
or
ful
Companies
,
having
respect
unto
the
strength
or
weakness
of
the
place
to
be
guarded
,
and
in
such
places
as
are
most
likely
for
the
Enemy
to
make
his
approaches
in
,
and
that
there
they
be
careful
to
fortifie
the
Guard
above
other
places
of
less
concernment
;
which
must
be
observed
by
the
Major
,
in
surveying
the
Guards
,
and
Guard-places
,
in
his
walking
of
the
grand
Round
,
and
so
,
according
as
his
discretion
shall
see
fit
,
to
take
from
the
stronger
places
of
Guard
such
Souldiers
as
may
supply
the
defects
of
the
weaker
.
The
appointment
of
particular
Guards
unto
particular
Captains
,
is
in
the
power
of
the
Major
;
or
otherwise
,
he
commandeth
the
Serjeant
of
each
Company
to
attend
him
at
his
Quarters
at
any
hour
of
the
day
,
as
he
shall
think
fit
,
where
every
one
that
is
to
do
duty
upon
the
Guard
that
night
,
taketh
his
lot
in
order
,
(
which
lots
are
shuffled
together
in
an
Hat
)
which
directeth
him
upon
what
Guard
to
attend
that
night
.
This
being
done
,
all
the
Serjeants
that
have
their
direction
for
the
duty
of
the
Guard
,
are
to
make
a
Ring
,
or
Circle
,
according
to
their
degrees
in
Seniority
.
To
the
Senior
of
all
which
Company
of
Serjeants
,
the
Major
giveth
the
Word
privately
in
his
ear
,
who
after
the
same
manner
passeth
it
to
the
next
,
and
so
from
man
to
man
unto
the
youngest
,
who
whispers
it
in
the
ear
of
his
Major
,
who
sends
it
back
again
in
the
former
manner
for
securities
sake
,
until
it
come
to
the
senior
Serjeant
again
,
who
then
leaves
it
in
the
ear
of
his
Major
,
which
preventeth
all
mistakes
for
each
particular
Company
.
The
Guards
being
thus
set
in
order
,
the
Officers
relieved
ought
to
inform
the
Officers
of
the
Relievers
;
of
all
the
several
duties
of
their
several
Guards
,
&c.
Every
Commander
in
Chief
of
that
particular
Squadron
which
he
is
appointed
unto
,
leadeth
up
his
own
Squadron
from
the
Parade
to
their
appointed
Guard
,
to
which
when
they
approach
,
the
Officer
in
Chief
delivers
the
Word
to
the
Corporal
,
or
his
Lanspassadoe
,
and
they
to
their
Superior
Officers
.
The
manner
of
relieving
is
by
planting
a
guard
of
Pikes
next
to
the
Relievers
,
and
adjoyning
to
them
in
the
Reer
a
guard
of
Muskettiers
,
through
whom
the
Relievers
are
to
pass
,
and
the
Relieved
to
march
back
to
their
Quarters
.
After
all
things
thus
set
in
order
,
the
Captain
of
the
Guard
in
person
by
strict
injunction
commandeth
every
man
to
his
duty
,
from
which
no
man
either
.
Officer
or
other
is
to
depart
without
an
especial
license
,
and
in
all
Alarms
to
stand
close
and
quietly
to
their
Arms
,
expecting
further
instruction
and
command
what
they
are
to
do
.
And
all
this
time
,
and
constantly
,
a
Sentinel
is
appointed
to
guard
the
entrance
into
the
Main-Guard
.
Every
Officer
and
Souldier
in
a
Regiment
is
worthy
of
Honor
,
Pay
,
and
Encouragement
,
according
to
his
Merit
and
Seniority
;
and
to
this
end
there
ought
to
be
a
perfect
List
of
the
names
and
number
of
all
particular
Souldiers
and
Officers
in
every
Squadron
;
which
List
or
Catalogue
is
to
remain
in
the
hands
of
the
several
Corporals
or
Lanspassadoes
;
which
Corporals
are
diligently
to
see
what
defects
there
are
of
all
several
necessaries
in
their
Corps
du
guard
,
and
to
be
careful
that
they
be
continually
supplied
;
which
he
must
do
by
information
to
his
Major
,
and
(
in
case
of
his
absence
or
neglect
)
to
his
Captain
,
who
may
inform
the
Governor
,
that
all
wants
of
Fire
,
Ammunition
,
or
Lights
be
made
good
,
and
compleated
.
The
Corporals
according
to
order
and
precept
given
to
them
,
are
to
dispose
of
the
several
Sentinels
,
as
well
Pikes
as
Muskettiers
,
and
to
have
an
especial
care
that
they
keep
their
Muskets
prim'd
and
laden
,
and
their
Match
cockt
and
lighted
,
with
their
Pan
guarded
;
which
must
be
observed
by
their
often
visiting
the
several
Sentinels
,
to
see
that
all
things
be
in
due
order
,
and
with
silence
,
to
the
end
that
the
Sentinels
may
always
be
heard
,
as
often
as
occasion
is
offered
.
The
Office
of
every
Sentinel
after
he
is
placed
upon
his
duty
,
and
in
his
due
posture
(
according
as
is
above
declared
)
is
to
enquire
of
every
passenger
,
or
other
that
shall
but
stir
,
Who
goes
there
?
yea
,
though
it
be
the
Captain
himself
:
and
howsoever
the
remotest
Sentinel
from
the
Corps
du
guard
,
is
to
permit
him
with
his
Retinue
to
pass
;
yet
he
is
bound
to
have
an
eye
upon
them
,
till
he
approach
the
nearest
Sentinel
to
the
Corps
,
who
upon
the
like
demand
,
is
answered
,
The
Captain
of
the
Watch
;
which
latter
Sentinel
commands
him
to
stand
,
and
therefore
with
a
loud
voice
calls
forth
his
Corporal
,
the
Sentinel
not
stirring
from
his
place
or
posture
,
until
the
Corporal
with
his
Sword
drawn
shall
approach
with
a
Guard
of
Muskettiers
,
who
are
to
be
all
arm'd
,
and
appointed
,
as
the
Sentinels
,
ready
to
present
;
whereupon
the
Corporal
with
one
only
Muskettier
advancing
,
and
perceiving
him
to
be
the
Captain
of
the
Watch
indeed
,
is
to
give
him
the
Word
in
his
ear
,
having
respectively
cast
down
the
point
of
his
Sword
:
afterward
receiving
further
instructions
from
him
,
he
conducts
him
to
his
furthest
Sentinel
.
But
if
it
shall
appear
that
he
be
not
the
Captain
,
or
the
Corporal
knowing
him
not
justly
to
be
so
,
by
a
just
suspition
,
he
may
then
detain
him
(
although
he
shal
give
him
the
Word
)
and
then
he
shall
further
demand
the
Word
of
some
other
attending
him
,
from
whom
having
received
it
,
he
may
more
safely
permit
them
to
pass
;
but
of
all
others
whatsoever
that
shall
attempt
a
passage
,
he
is
to
receive
the
Word
from
them
,
and
not
deliver
it
to
them
.
The
Captain
himself
having
done
the
duty
in
person
of
passing
the
first
Round
,
upon
his
return
,
he
is
to
send
forth
others
upon
the
like
duty
,
such
as
he
shall
out
of
his
discretion
chuse
from
his
Main-guard
,
and
may
most
confide
in
,
to
whom
he
is
to
impart
the
Word
at
their
setting
forth
upon
the
duty
,
and
not
before
,
with
strict
admonitions
,
and
full
instructions
what
they
are
to
do
,
and
what
way
to
take
.
Now
if
he
shall
be
supplyed
with
men
enough
upon
his
own
Guard
,
he
may
at
the
same
time
command
out
several
Rounders
to
be
taken
several
wayes
;
who
are
diligently
to
observe
their
directions
given
them
,
and
to
be
very
vigilant
in
the
observation
of
all
things
in
their
passage
,
both
by
the
eye
and
the
ear
,
and
to
admonish
the
Sentinels
(
in
case
of
neglect
)
that
all
things
be
more
carefully
lookt
unto
in
their
duty
.
And
of
these
Rounders
likewise
(
as
before
)
the
foremost
Sentinel
demands
,
Who
goes
there
?
When
being
answered
satisfactorily
,
as
by
the
name
of
the
Round
,
or
Friends
,
the
permits
them
passage
to
the
neerest
Sentinel
,
who
having
stopt
them
there
,
takes
a
further
accompt
,
what
,
and
who
they
are
:
Which
is
done
by
calling
forth
his
Corporal
,
who
placing
the
point
of
his
Sword
at
one
of
their
brests
,
takes
the
Word
privatly
,
and
so
passes
them
by
conduct
to
the
furthest
Sentinel
.
But
if
there
shall
happen
a
mistake
in
the
Word
,
the
Corporal
is
either
to
secure
them
with
himself
,
or
by
Guard
to
transfer
them
to
the
Main-guard
.
Such
as
shall
walk
the
Round
,
are
to
take
a
strict
accompt
of
all
they
meet
,
what
,
and
who
they
are
;
and
in
case
of
deficiency
of
answering
justly
on
the
one
side
,
or
suspition
of
the
other
,
they
are
to
secure
and
guard
them
to
the
Captain
of
the
Watch.
Now
setting
aside
those
Queries
which
some
do
make
between
Rounders
and
Counter-Rounders
,
if
they
meet
,
who
shall
give
or
take
the
Word
;
the
best
and
safest
course
is
for
them
all
,
that
before
the
Word
be
either
given
or
taken
,
they
go
together
to
the
neerest
Corps
du
Guard
,
and
there
to
give
the
Word
;
after
which
they
are
to
pass
upon
their
duty
again
;
and
so
having
finished
the
Round
,
and
returning
to
the
Captain
of
the
Watch
,
he
taketh
accompt
of
them
of
the
things
that
they
have
done
and
observed
in
their
duty
and
course
upon
the
Round
;
and
thus
the
Captain
still
supplies
the
Rounds
successively
by
such
others
as
he
shall
take
by
seniority
,
and
dispose
off
for
the
like
service
.
Furthermore
,
that
all
disorders
,
irregularities
,
and
such
persons
as
shall
cause
the
same
in
a
Town
or
Garrison
,
may
be
found
out
and
rectified
,
and
that
all
dangerous
accidents
by
fire
or
otherwise
may
be
prevented
;
the
Captain
of
the
Watch
commandeth
out
a
Guard
of
Firelocks
or
Muskettiers
,
to
view
the
Streets
,
and
all
suspitious
and
irregular
persons
as
they
take
,
they
are
to
bring
to
the
Main-Guard
of
this
Guard
,
which
is
always
conducted
by
a
Serjeant
,
and
is
called
the
Patrouille
:
and
if
they
happen
to
be
Muskettiers
,
and
not
Firelocks
;
then
they
are
to
be
every
one
provided
of
such
an
instrument
as
may
cover
the
lighted
Matches
,
and
keep
them
from
discovery
.
From
these
also
,
as
from
the
Rounders
,
the
Captain
of
the
Watch
takes
full
accompt
of
all
their
passages
and
observations
on
their
duty
.
When
at
any
time
any
sudden
approach
shall
be
made
,
or
any
Enemy
discovered
,
the
Sentinel
(
who
is
to
be
firm
&
constant
to
his
Place
and
Posture
,
till
he
shall
be
relieved
)
forthwith
by
firing
gives
the
Alarm
,
and
immediately
seconds
it
by
crying
with
a
loud
voice
,
Arm
,
Arm.
When
the
Alarm
is
thus
given
,
the
other
two
Divisions
immediately
led
by
their
Officers
,
are
orderly
to
march
up
to
the
Captain
of
the
Main-Guard
,
to
the
intent
that
all
Guards
of
the
Garrison
may
with
expedition
be
made
good
;
and
it
is
necessary
that
these
instructions
be
given
them
indeed
by
the
Serjeant-Major
,
when
he
shall
give
the
Word
to
the
Minor-Serjeants
,
who
must
likewise
inform
their
chief
Officers
of
it
,
and
from
them
the
Souldiers
are
to
be
charged
and
acquainted
therewith
,
that
so
upon
all
occasions
they
may
not
be
ignorant
of
this
part
of
their
duty
,
but
ready
to
perform
it
.
The
duty
of
a
Sentinel
,
is
to
stand
in
the
Place
and
Posture
,
a
full
hour
,
and
no
more
;
at
which
time
the
Corporal
,
or
(
in
case
of
his
absence
)
his
Lanspassadoe
is
to
relieve
him
,
and
not
onely
him
,
but
all
the
Sentinels
that
are
out
upon
duty
,
relieving
the
farthest
Sentinel
first
(
who
falls
in
the
Reer
of
the
rest
)
and
so
all
the
others
backward
in
the
like
Order
,
and
then
conducts
the
relieved
Sentinels
back
to
the
Guard
again
.
At
an
early
hour
of
the
morning
appointed
for
beating
up
the
Revally
,
the
two
Sentinels
next
unto
the
Guard
are
to
retreat
into
it
.
At
the
time
appointed
in
the
morning
for
opening
of
the
Gates
,
the
Serjeant-Major
attended
with
a
sufficient
Guard
,
repairs
to
the
Governour
,
or
place
elsewhere
alotted
,
and
there
receives
the
Keys
;
which
being
done
,
he
is
to
unlock
first
that
Gate
which
is
most
remote
from
danger
of
the
Enemy
,
and
the
rest
in
order
answerable
:
but
if
it
happen
to
be
in
place
and
time
of
imminent
danger
,
the
Major
commandeth
forth
a
party
of
Souldiers
conducted
by
an
able
Officer
to
go
first
,
and
make
diligent
search
for
discovering
of
Ambuscadoes
,
which
may
happen
to
be
in
any
close
suspected
places
,
as
Lanes
,
By-ways
,
Hedges
,
ruinous
Cottages
,
Churches
,
Pits
,
or
Hollow-trees
,
Woods
,
Gardens
,
and
all
such-like
inclosures
;
at
which
time
he
openeth
not
the
Main-ports
,
but
only
the
Wickets
.
And
except
upon
command
to
the
contrary
,
which
is
not
usual
,
both
the
Guards
and
the
Watches
at
the
Gates
are
to
be
kept
night
and
day
,
and
all
persons
upon
them
to
continue
upon
their
duty
until
they
shall
be
relieved
by
order
.
Upon
the
discharging
of
the
Watch
,
to
the
end
that
every
Officer
and
Souldier
may
have
notice
to
make
speedy
repair
to
their
several
Guards
,
each
several
Drum
first
beats
a
Troop
,
and
afterwards
a
March
in
the
Main-guard
.
Hereupon
,
it
is
to
be
supposed
the
Relievers
are
advanced
toward
the
Main-Guard
,
where
the
relieved
are
to
be
drawn
off
,
and
to
make
a
stand
,
expecting
till
the
Relievers
shall
come
up
;
which
being
done
,
the
relieved
then
are
to
troop
homeward
;
and
after
that
they
have
attended
and
seen
their
Colours
lodged
,
they
are
to
disband
,
and
not
before
.
And
now
,
further
to
satisfie
the
expectation
of
the
Lovers
of
the
Art
Military
,
it
shall
not
seem
unseasonable
here
to
declare
somewhat
concerning
the
manner
of
Field-Watches
,
or
Vigils
de
Campe
,
denoted
unto
us
by
the
Expert
and
Ancients
,
under
these
three
Notions
.
The
first
are
Castra
temporanea
,
aleager
ad
placitum
,
pitcht
onely
for
the
present
,
and
may
perhaps
alter
and
change
it's
Station
in
a
day
,
or
an
hour
,
according
to
the
pleasure
and
judgement
of
the
General
,
and
Commanders
in
chief
.
Secondly
,
there
are
Castra
,
a
select
or
constant
Camp
,
so
called
,
because
of
their
intentions
of
continuance
in
the
besieging
of
a
Castle
,
or
Town
,
&c.
until
they
shall
have
taken
the
same
,
or
by
some
other
necessity
,
or
further
advantage
,
forced
to
raise
their
Seige
.
The
third
and
last
,
called
Castra
,
Such
a
Camp
as
is
pitcht
before
or
neer
some
Rivers
side
,
to
oppose
and
frustrate
the
Incursions
of
the
Enemy
,
who
otherwise
might
this
way
break
in
for
the
infesting
or
taking
of
a
Country
.
Now
concerning
such
Watches
or
Guards
,
which
shall
relate
unto
several
Camps
,
both
in
regard
of
the
several
and
most
convenient
places
for
securing
the
Camps
by
Sentinels
and
Perdues
,
they
are
to
be
primarily
appointed
and
ordered
according
to
the
discretion
&
command
of
the
Masters
of
the
Field
,
whether
Generals
,
or
Majors
of
Brigades
;
&
afterwards
the
Serjeant-Majors
&
Captains
of
Regiments
,
according
to
their
commands
and
relieved
order
,
are
to
design
them
for
the
aforesaid
place
.
To
enlarge
the
several
Arguments
and
Disputes
that
might
further
arise
in-point
of
Field-duties
relating
thereunto
,
would
be
too
tedious
,
and
to
little
purpose
,
in
regard
that
whosoever
shall
but
diligently
observe
what
hath
before
been
set
down
concerning
the
duty
of
Watches
in
Garrison
and
Fortresses
,
may
sufficiently
be
able
to
apprehend
and
perform
all
manner
of
Duties
that
shall
concern
this
Field-service
,
provided
that
he
be
careful
to
adhere
to
the
directions
of
the
Field-Officers
in
all
points
,
and
diligent
to
observe
the
manner
of
managing
of
all
things
according
to
their
instructions
.
And
therefore
to
avoid
prolixity
and
fruitless
disputes
,
I
refer
the
Reader
to
what
hath
been
above
related
.
CHAP.
XXV
.
The
ordering
of
a
private
Company
unto
a
Funeral-occasion
.
WHen
any
Commander
or
Souldier
of
worth
shall
be
deceased
,
a
private
Captain
that
would
shew
respect
and
honour
by
marching
along
with
his
Company
attending
the
Corps
to
the
place
of
burial
,
must
order
his
Souldiers
after
this
manner
.
They
being
summon'd
by
beat
of
the
Drum
,
to
meet
at
their
usual
place
of
Rendezvous
,
they
may
be
drawn
up
according
to
the
usual
manner
,
having
a
Van-guard
,
Battail
and
Reer-guard
:
being
thus
ordered
,
and
each
of
the
Souldiers
having
either
in
his
Hat
a
black
Feather
or
Ribbin
;
the
Captain
may
draw
them
off
,
and
order
them
to
their
Long-march
;
moving
them
away
in
an
orderly
manner
unto
the
place
of
him
that
is
deceased
,
and
there
make
Alt.
After
which
he
may
command
the
Muskettiers
in
the
Van
to
open
to
the
right
and
left
outward
to
such
convenient
distance
as
the
Pikes
may
move
up
between
them
,
and
take
possession
of
their
first
ground
;
and
those
Muskettiers
may
face
about
,
and
move
down
cleer
of
the
Pikes
,
and
after
close
their
Files
inward
to
Order
,
and
face
to
their
Leader
.
Now
being
in
two
Divisions
,
let
them
so
continue
with
their
Arms
ordered
,
until
such
time
as
they
shall
perceive
the
Corps
to
be
brought
forth
into
the
Street
;
then
the
Captain
may
face
them
all
about
,
and
move
them
some
three
Pikes
length
before
the
Corps
;
after
which
he
may
command
his
Muskettiers
to
perform
their
Funeral-Posture
,
which
is
to
have
their
Muskets
under
their
left
Arm
,
with
the
But-end
upward
,
their
Rests
likewise
on
that
side
trailing
.
After
which
the
Pikes
are
to
face
again
to
their
first
Front
,
and
to
lay
the
narrow
end
of
their
Pikes
down
upon
the
ground
;
after
facing
about
to
the
left
,
and
bringing
up
the
But-end
of
their
Pikes
on
their
right
side
,
conforming
themselves
with
the
Muskettiers
in
their
Funeral-Postures
.
In
the
next
place
,
the
Ensign
strips
his
Colours
off
from
the
Staff
,
and
ties
them
about
his
right
Wast
;
putting
a
black
Ribbon
towards
the
very
end
of
his
Staff
,
he
after
faceth
to
the
Body
of
Pikes
,
standing
in
the
Reer
of
them
,
and
trailing
his
Staff
in
the
same
Posture
.
Next
followeth
the
Captain
,
having
in
his
hand
a
Half-pike
or
Leading-staff
,
conforming
himself
likewise
to
his
Funeral-Posture
.
Thus
being
all
ready
to
march
,
and
rightly
faced
toward
that
place
where
the
Corps
are
to
be
interred
,
are
after
this
manner
following
to
lead
and
to
bring
up
.
The
first
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
which
was
the
Reer-guard
,
is
led
by
the
Lieutenant
;
the
next
Division
of
Muskettiers
,
that
was
formerly
the
Van-guard
,
is
led
by
the
second
Serjeant
;
the
Body
of
Pikes
,
is
led
by
the
eldest
Serjeant
,
he
trailing
a
Half-pike
upon
the
head
of
them
;
the
Ensign
bringing
it
up
,
and
the
Captain
twelve
foot
short
of
him
bringing
up
the
Reer
of
the
whole
Company
.
And
after
him
the
Ministers
marching
just
before
the
Coffin
;
&
in
the
Reer
,
&
next
unto
it
,
the
neerest
kindred
,
and
after
them
those
that
are
invited
to
the
Funeral
.
Having
thus
stated
the
manner
and
order
of
the
Military
Part
,
with
all
others
belonging
thereunto
,
for
any
ordinary
Funeral-occasion
;
I
shall
in
the
next
place
proceed
to
shew
their
Order
upon
the
March
,
and
how
each
Arms
ought
to
be
disposed
before
the
Corps
enter
into
the
Church
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Train
.
All
persons
being
ordered
as
before
expressed
,
the
Drums
being
covered
with
Black-bays
,
and
placed
betwixt
the
second
and
third
Ranks
in
each
Division
;
and
all
being
ready
to
move
,
the
Drums
may
begin
to
beat
their
Funeral-March
,
and
the
Lieutenant
leading
them
away
,
with
the
But-end
of
his
Pattison
upward
and
comported
;
the
rest
following
,
and
marching
in
a
leasurable
and
slow
way
along
together
,
until
they
come
within
a
hundred
foot
of
the
Church-door
,
or
place
where
the
Corps
are
to
be
interred
,
there
making
Alt.
After
which
,
let
the
Muskettiers
in
their
Ranks
File
to
the
right
and
left
,
not
advancing
ground
;
and
face
in
opposition
,
making
a
Guard
for
the
rest
to
pass
through
,
and
resting
their
Muskets
,
or
putting
the
But-end
thereof
to
the
ground
,
with
the
Barrel
towards
them
(
which
is
a
conformity
to
the
Pikes
being
ordered
.
)
In
the
mean
time
,
let
the
Pikes
advance
their
Arms
,
and
immediately
after
move
forward
betwixt
the
Guard
of
Muskettiers
,
and
let
their
Ranks
afterward
file
to
the
right
and
left
,
making
also
a
Guard
,
their
Pikes
being
ordered
,
and
they
as
the
rest
,
facing
in
opposition
.
Then
let
the
Captain
,
who
brings
up
the
Reer
of
all
his
whole
Body
,
move
forward
with
the
rest
to
the
Church-door
;
then
falling
off
in
respect
of
ordering
his
Company
,
the
rest
of
the
Train
Marching
into
the
Church
.
After
which
the
Captain
may
cause
them
all
to
face
to
the
Church
,
or
to
their
Leader
;
he
standing
then
before
the
Church-door
,
commanding
them
to
Rank
again
as
they
were
.
After
every
Leader
may
draw
off
his
File
,
and
set
their
Arms
apart
in
each
File
by
themselves
,
and
go
in
to
hear
part
of
the
Sermon
,
if
there
should
be
any
such
order
before-hand
from
their
Captain
,
placing
Sentinels
to
look
to
their
Arms.
And
when
Sermon
is
almost
done
,
they
ought
to
go
forth
of
the
Church
,
and
draw
forth
the
Files
by
some
little
warning
of
Drums
,
to
be
in
readiness
to
answer
such
directions
as
they
shall
receive
from
their
Captain
;
who
may
,
if
he
have
conveniency
of
room
,
draw
all
his
Muskettiers
into
a
Ring
,
and
the
Pikes
in
like
manner
on
the
outside
of
them
;
and
as
soon
as
the
Souldiers
have
notice
(
being
all
ready
and
presented
)
that
the
Body
is
laid
down
in
the
grave
,
they
may
upon
warning
of
the
Drum
,
give
one
volley
of
shot
all
together
,
and
after
make
ready
again
,
performing
the
same
twice
over
more
.
After
which
,
the
Ensign
may
put
his
Colours
upon
his
Staff
,
and
furl
them
up
;
then
the
Pikes
may
be
drawn
up
again
into
one
Body
,
and
the
Muskettiers
into
another
;
and
falling
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
,
they
may
troop
away
.
And
a
little
before
the
place
of
lodging
the
Colours
,
they
may
make
Alt
,
and
the
Muskettiers
may
sleeve
up
by
the
outside
of
the
Pikes
from
the
Reer
,
filing
to
the
right
and
left
,
making
a
Guard
for
the
Colours
and
Pikes
to
march
through
them
;
and
being
cleer
,
and
the
Colours
lodged
,
they
may
face
about
again
to
the
right
,
and
give
another
volley
of
shot
:
but
if
there
should
be
such
a
streight
of
ground
,
that
the
Muskettiers
cannot
be
drawn
into
a
Ring
;
then
they
must
be
otherwise
disposed
of
,
by
making
them
into
two
Ranks
,
the
one
on
the
one
side
of
the
Street
,
and
the
other
on
the
other
side
,
facing
them
either
in
opposition
,
or
in
an
oblique
manner
:
if
in
opposition
,
they
must
present
very
low
,
and
give
fire
three
times
all
together
as
before
,
with
one
volley
after
another
;
if
oblique
,
the
one
Rank
is
to
be
faced
towards
the
upper
end
of
the
Street
,
and
the
other
towards
the
lower
end
,
and
so
may
fire
with
less
danger
to
each
other
;
the
Pikes
to
be
filed
away
to
the
right
and
left
,
behind
the
Muskettiers
before
they
were
thus
faced
.
And
again
,
where
they
have
not
length
of
ground
to
contrive
the
Muskettiers
into
two
single
Ranks
,
they
may
fire
all
together
as
they
stand
at
Order
,
mounting
up
the
Muzzles
of
their
Muskets
into
the
Air
,
without
offending
each
other
.
Therefore
according
to
the
conveniency
of
the
ground
,
it
must
be
the
discretion
of
every
Commander
to
order
his
men
accordingly
to
perform
his
three
volleys
of
shot
in
the
most
gracefullest
way
;
which
being
ended
,
they
may
all
return
to
their
Quarters
.
And
thus
much
may
suffice
for
satisfaction
to
any
Commander
in
ordering
his
single
Company
to
any
Funeral-occasion
,
marching
along
of
it self
.
CHAP.
XXVI
.
The
ordering
of
a
Regiment
to
a
Funeral-occasion
.
WHen
Companies
are
to
march
in
a
Regimental-way
,
care
must
be
had
that
the
Regiment
be
first
drawn
up
according
to
this
Rule
.
The
Pikes
to
be
in
one
Body
,
and
the
Muskettiers
equally
divided
to
flank
that
Body
;
after
which
let
the
Major
make
his
Divisions
,
appointing
the
places
of
every
Captain
and
Lieutenant
,
where
they
shall
lead
,
and
where
they
shall
bring
up
.
After
that
they
may
move
away
towards
the
place
or
lodging
of
him
that
is
to
be
interred
,
and
there
make
Alt
,
opening
the
Van-guard
or
Muskettiers
,
and
facing
them
to
the
Reer
;
then
let
the
Body
of
Pikes
and
them
interchange
ground
,
that
the
Pikes
may
march
next
the
Hearse
,
in
manner
as
before
exprest
of
a
private
Company
,
whose
smaller
Bodies
take
Rule
from
the
greater
.
Then
let
the
Lieutenant-Colonel
lead
the
Regiment
,
and
the
Colonel
bring
it
up
;
and
so
in
like
manner
in
every
Division
,
the
Bringers-up
are
to
lead
,
and
the
Leaders
to
bring
up
.
All
Officers
and
their
Arms
being
thus
reverst
,
the
Front
becomes
the
Reer
,
and
the
Reer
the
Front
,
they
must
move
slowly
away
▪
and
before
the
Corps
pass
into
the
Church
,
there
must
be
ground
reserv'd
,
that
after
the
Muskettiers
have
first
made
a
Guard
,
the
Pikes
may
move
through
them
,
and
may
also
in
like
manner
file
in
their
Ranks
as
the
Muskettiers
did
,
joyning
to
them
,
and
making
a
Guard
in
like
manner
of
each
Arms.
After
which
the
whole
Train
may
pass
through
in
an
orderly
manner
into
the
Church
;
the
Souldiers
in
the
mean
time
attending
without
until
Sermon
be
passed
over
.
And
being
all
in
a
readiness
,
they
may
give
three
several
Peals
,
or
Volleys
of
shot
,
according
to
such
warnings
as
shall
be
given
them
.
After
which
the
Souldiers
being
ranked
again
as
they
were
,
if
they
have
conveniency
of
ground
,
the
Major
may
cause
the
Captains
to
draw
off
their
Companies
,
and
troop
home
to
their
several
Quarters
,
according
to
their
best
conveniency
.
But
if
they
have
not
room
,
it
will
be
most
properest
for
the
Major
to
command
the
Muskettiers
to
stand
,
and
first
to
rank
the
Pikes
again
as
they
were
.
Then
let
the
Drums
beat
a
Troop
upon
the
head
of
the
Pikes
in
the
Reer
of
the
Colours
;
and
let
the
Ensigns
and
Pikes
first
troop
away
,
through
the
Guard
of
the
Muskettiers
;
who
being
cleer
of
them
,
and
being
led
by
the
Colonel
and
other
Officers
there
appointed
,
the
Muskettiers
may
also
rank
again
in
like
manner
,
and
fall
in
the
Reer
of
the
Pikes
,
following
them
until
they
come
unto
a
convenient
place
or
ground
for
the
Captains
drawing
off
their
Companies
,
as
they
shall
receive
order
from
the
Colonel
,
Lieutenant-Colonel
or
Major
.
And
here
I
will
conclude
my
Discourse
concerning
the
Exercising
of
the
Infantry
in
all
their
Military
Motions
and
Exercises
.
FINIS
.