What
distillation
is
;
and
the
kinds
thereof
.
I
Shall
not
stand
here
to
shew
whence
the
Art
of
Distillation
had
its
originall
,
as
being
a
thing
not
easily
to
be
proved
,
and
if
known
,
yet
little
conducing
to
our
ensuing
discourse
.
But
let
us
understand
what
Distillation
is
,
of
which
there
are
three
principall
and
chief
definitions
,
or
descriptions
.
1
Distillation
is
a
certain
Art
of
extracting
the
Liquor
,
or
the
humid
part
of
things
by
vertue
of
heat
(
as
the
matter
shall
require
)
being
first
resolved
into
a
vapour
,
and
then
condensed
again
by
cold
.
2.
Distillation
is
the
art
of
extracting
the
spirituall
and
essential
humidity
from
the
flegmatick
,
or
of
the
flegmatick
,
from
the
spirituall
.
3
Distillation
is
the
changing
of
grosse
thick
bodies
into
a
thinner
and
liquid
substance
,
or
separation
of
the
pure
liquor
from
the
impure
feces
.
I
shall
treat
of
Distillation
according
to
all
these
three
acceptions
,
and
no
otherwise
;
hence
I
shall
exclude
Sublimation
,
and
Calcination
,
which
are
of
dry
substances
,
unlesse
I
shall
by
the
way
make
use
of
either
in
relation
to
the
perfecting
of
any
kind
of
Distillation
.
Now
because
all
,
or
most
of
these
distillations
are
to
be
performed
by
heat
,
it
will
be
necessary
to
understand
how
many
degrees
of
heat
there
are
,
and
which
are
convenient
for
every
operation
,
and
they
are
principally
four
.
The
first
is
only
a
warmth
,
as
is
that
of
horse
dung
,
of
the
Sun
,
of
warm
water
,
and
the
vapour
thereof
,
which
kind
of
heat
serves
for
putrefaction
,
and
digestion
.
2
The
second
is
of
s●ething
water
,
and
the
vapour
thereof
,
as
also
of
ashes
,
and
serves
to
distill
those
things
which
are
subtile
,
and
moist
,
as
also
for
the
rectifying
of
any
spirit
or
oil
.
3
The
third
is
of
sand
and
filings
of
iron
,
which
serves
to
distill
things
subtle
,
and
dry
,
or
grosse
and
moist
.
4
The
fourth
is
of
a
naked
fire
,
close
,
open
,
or
with
a
blast
,
which
serves
to
distill
Metalls
and
Minerals
,
and
hard
gummie
things
,
as
Amber
,
&c.
I
do
not
say
serves
only
to
distill
these
,
for
many
of
the
former
distillations
are
performed
by
this
heat
,
as
the
distilling
of
Spirits
and
Oils
,
&c.
in
a
copper
still
over
a
naked
fire
;
but
these
may
be
distilled
by
the
two
former
degrees
of
heat
;
but
Mineralls
and
such
like
cannot
but
by
this
fourth
degree
alone
.
Of
the
matter
and
form
of
Furnaces
.
THe
matter
of
Furnaces
is
various
,
for
they
may
be
made
either
of
brick
and
clay
,
or
clay
alone
with
whites
of
Egges
,
hair
,
and
filings
of
Iron
,
(
and
of
these
if
the
clay
be
fat
are
made
the
best
,
and
most
durable
Furnaces
)
or
of
Iron
,
or
Copper
,
cast
or
forged
.
The
forms
also
of
Furnaces
are
various
.
The
fittest
form
for
Distillation
is
round
;
for
so
the
heat
of
the
fire
being
carryed
up
equally
diffuseth
it self
every
way
▪
which
happens
not
in
a
Furnace
of
another
figure
,
as
four
square
or
triangular
,
for
the
corners
disperse
and
separate
the
force
of
the
fire
.
Their
magnitude
must
be
such
as
shal
be
fit
for
the
receiving
of
the
vessel
;
their
thicknesse
so
great
as
necessity
shall
seem
to
require
;
only
thus
much
observe
,
that
if
they
be
made
of
forged
iron
or
copper
,
they
must
be
coated
within
side
,
especially
if
you
intend
to
use
them
for
a
strong
fire
.
They
must
be
madewith
two
bottomes
,
distinguisht
as
it
were
,
into
two
forges
▪
the
one
below
which
may
receive
the
ashes
,
the
other
above
to
contain
the
fire
.
The
bottom
of
this
upper
must
either
be
an
iron
grate
,
or
else
an
Iron
plate
perforated
with
many
holes
,
that
so
the
ashes
may
the
more
easily
fall
down
into
the
bottome
,
which
otherwise
would
put●out
the
fire
.
Yet
some
Furnaces
have
three
partitions
,
as
the
Furnace
for
Reverberation
,
and
the
Register
Furnace
.
In
the
first
and
lowest
the
ashes
are
received
,
in
the
second
the
fire
is
put
,
and
in
the
third
of
the
Furnace
for
Reverberation
,
the
matter
which
is
to
be
reverberated
.
This
third
ought
to
have
a
semi-circular
cover
,
that
so
the
heat
may
be
reflected
upon
the
contained
matter
.
The
bottome
of
the
third
and
uppermost
partition
of
the
Register
Furnace
must
be
either
a
plate
of
iron
,
or
a
smooth
stone
perforated
with
holes
,
having
stopples
of
stone
fitted
thereunto
,
which
you
may
take
out
or
put
in
,
as
you
would
have
the
heat
increased
or
decreased
.
In
the
top
or
upper
part
of
all
these
Furnaces
where
it
shal
seem
most
fit
,
there
must
be
two
or
three
holes
made
,
that
by
them
the
smoak
may
more
freely
pass
out
,
and
the
air
let
in
to
make
the
fire
burn
the
stronger
if
need
require
,
or
else
which
are
to
be
shut
with
stopples
made
fit
to
them
.
The
mouths
of
the
fore-mentioned
partitions
must
have
shutters
,
just
like
an
Ovens
mouth
,
with
which
you
may
shut
them
close
,
or
leave
them
open
if
you
would
have
the
fire
burn
stronger
.
But
in
defect
of
a
Furnace
,
or
fit
matter
to
make
one
,
we
may
use
a
Kettle
or
a
Pot
set
upon
a
Trevet
,
as
we
shall
shew
when
we
come
to
give
you
a
description
of
the
Furnace
and
Vessels
.
The
truth
is
,
a
good
Artist
will
make
any
shift
,
yea
and
in
half
a
dayes
time
make
a
Furnace
or
something
equivalent
to
it
for
any
operations
.
Of
Vessels
fit
for
distillation
.
VEssels
for
Distillation
are
of
various
matter
and
forme
.
For
they
may
be
either
of
Lead
,
which
I
altogether
disapprove
of
,
for
that
they
turn
the
liquors
into
a
white
and
milky
substance
,
beside
the
malignity
they
give
to
them
;
or
they
may
be
of
Copper
,
Iron
,
or
Tin
,
which
are
better
then
the
former
;
or
of
Jug-metall
,
or
Potters-metall
glazed
,
or
Glasse
,
which
are
the
best
of
all
,
where
they
may
be
used
without
fear
of
breaking
or
melting
.
Some
make
them
of
silver
,
but
they
are
very
chargeable
.
They
that
are
able
and
willing
may
have
the
benefit
of
them
.
Of
Lutes
for
coating
of
glasses
and
for
Closures
,
as
also
severall
wayes
of
stopping
glasses
.
THe
best
Lute
is
made
thus
,
viz.
Take
of
Loam
and
sand
tempered
with
salt
water
(
which
keeps
it
from
cleaving
)
to
these
adde
the
Caput
Mortuum
,
of
Vitrioll
,
or
Aqua
fortis
,
and
scaling
of
Iron
,
and
temper
them
well
together
,
and
this
serveth
to
coat
Retorts
or
any
glasse
vessells
that
must
endure
a
most
strong
fire
,
and
will
never
fail
if
well
made
.
Some
adde
Flax
,
beaten
Glasse
,
and
Pots
,
and
flint
,
&c.
Take
unslaked
Lime
,
and
Linseed
oil
,
mix
them
wel
together
and
make
thereof
a
Lute
which
will
be
so
hard
that
no
spirit
will
pierce
it
,
and
this
serves
for
the
closure
of
Glasses
.
Or
,
Take
Loam
and
the
white
of
an
egge
,
mix
them
into
a
paste
,
and
spread
it
on
a
cloth
.
This
also
is
a
good
closure
.
Or
,
Moisten
an
Ox
bladder
in
the
white
of
an
egge
beaten
to
water
,
or
in
defect
of
a
bladder
use
paper
,
and
bind
them
round
where
the
vessells
are
joined
together
,
one
over
another
two
or
three
times
.
Or
,
If
the
spirits
in
the
glasse
be
exceeding
corrosive
,
then
use
the
Caput
mortuum
of
Aqua
fortis
,
Linseed
oil
,
and
chalk
mixed
together
.
If
a
Glasse
be
cracked
,
then
wet
a
linnen
cloth
in
the
white
of
an
egge
beaten
to
water
,
and
lay
upon
it
,
and
upon
that
presently
whilest
it
is
wet
,
sift
some
unslaked
Lime
,
and
presse
it
close
with
your
hand
,
when
that
is
dry
lay
on
another
cloth
thus
wet
as
before
,
and
on
it
sift
more
Lime
.
A
vessell
may
be
stopt
so
close
with
Quicksilver
that
no
spirit
can
breath
forth
,
by
which
means
the
glasse
will
be
preserved
from
breaking
by
the
inclosed
spirits
,
(
for
the
head
will
first
yeild
before
the
glasse
breaks
)
the
Vessell
must
be
made
as
the
figure
here-under
sheweth
.
This
also
is
a
good
way
to
preserve
spirits
already
distilled
from
the
air
.
A
,
Signifies
the
head
or
cover
.
B
,
The
body
or
vessell
it self
.
C
,
The
little
glasse
to
take
out
the
Liquor
that
is
in
the
vessell
because
it
cannot
well
be
poured
out
,
as
by
reason
of
the
Quick-silver
which
will
be
apt
to
be
lost
,
so
by
reason
of
the
form
of
the
Vessell
it self
.
D
,
A
false
bottom
where
the
Quick-silver
must
lye
,
into
which
the
head
must
be
set
upon
the
Quick-silver
that
so
the
Quick-silver
may
come
above
the
bottome
of
the
Head
.
Also
you
may
make
stopples
of
Glasses
ground
so
smooth
that
no
vapour
can
get
forth
by
them
,
as
you
may
see
by
this
pattern
.
A
,
Signifies
the
●topple
of
glasse
ground
very
smooth
and
fit
to
the
mouth
of
the
Vessell
.
B
,
The
glasse
body
.
But
the
best
way
is
to
have
a
crooked
pipe
,
which
may
have
quick-silver
in
it
,
and
be
well
luted
to
the
body
that
no
spirit
can
get
forth
:
and
by
this
means
the
glasse
will
never
break
,
for
the
quick-silver
will
first
yeeld
.
A
,
The
crooked
pipe
.
B
,
The
glasse
body
.
Or
upon
the
top
of
a
glasse
stopple
there
may
be
fastned
some
lead
,
that
if
the
spirit
be
too
strong
it
wil
only
heave
up
the
stopple
and
let
it
fall
down
again
.
C
,
The
glasse
stopple
with
lead
on
the
top
.
D
,
The
mouth
of
the
vessell
it self
.
Now
the
way
to
nip
up
●
glasse
,
or
seal
it
up
Hermetically
is
after
this
manner
.
PUt
what
matter
you
please
into
a
bolt
head
with
a
long
neck
or
pipe
,
put
this
pipe
through
a
pan
that
hath
a
little
hole
made
in
the
bottom
thereof
,
that
the
top
of
it
may
be
three
or
four
inches
above
the
pan
,
close
up
the
hole
round
about
the
pipe
with
clay
,
then
put
coals
in
the
pan
and
kindle
first
those
that
are
furthest
off
from
the
pipe
that
the
heat
may
come
by
degrees
to
the
pipe
(
for
otherwise
a
sudden
heat
will
break
it
)
when
the
pipe
is
hot
,
blow
the
coals
about
it
till
it
melt
,
then
with
a
pair
of
shears
cut
it
off
where
it
is
melted
,
and
then
with
a
pair
of
tongs
close
it
together
.
Note
that
after
you
have
closed
it
you
must
put
the
burning
coals
upon
the
top
thereof
,
and
let
it
thus
stand
till
all
be
cold
which
must
be
done
by
degrees
,
for
otherwise
the
glasse
will
certainly
crack
in
the
place
where
it
is
nipped
.
Note
that
the
pan
must
stand
upon
some
frame
,
or
some
hollow
place
that
there
may
be
a
passage
for
the
pipe
to
come
through
it
An
Explanation
of
such
hard
words
,
and
terms
of
Art
,
which
are
used
in
this
ensuing
Treatise
.
A
Malgamation
,
is
a
calcining
or
corroding
metals
with
quick-silver
,
and
it
is
done
thus
.
Take
any
metall
except
iron
,
beaten
into
thin
leafs
,
or
very
small
powder
,
mix
it
with
about
8.
parts
of
quick-silver
(
which
may
the
better
be
done
if
both
be
heated
first
)
that
they
may
become
one
uniform
masse
,
evaporate
the
quick-silver
over
the
fire
,
and
the
metall
will
be
left
in
the
bottom
as
a
thin
calx
.
Calcination
it
a
reducing
any
thing
into
a
Calx
,
and
making
it
fryable
,
and
it
may
be
done
two
wayes
,
-
By
firing
-
By
reducing
into
ashes
.
-
By
reverberating
.
-
By
Corosion
-
By
Amalgamation
,
-
Precipitation
,
-
Fumigation
or
vaporation
,
-
Cementation
or
stratification
.
Circulation
,
is
when
any
liquor
is
so
placed
in
digestion
,
that
it
shall
rise
up
and
fall
down
,
rise
up
and
fall
down
,
and
so
do
continually
,
and
thereby
become
more
digested
and
mature
,
for
which
use
for
the
most
part
we
use
a
Pelican
.
Clarification
,
is
the
separating
of
the
grosse
feces
from
any
decoction
or
juice
,
and
it
is
done
three
wayes
,
-
By
the
white
of
an
Egge
,
-
By
digestion
,
-
By
filtration
.
Coagulation
,
is
the
reducing
of
any
liquid
thing
to
a
thicker
substance
by
evaporating
the
humidity
.
Cohgbation
,
is
the
frequent
abstraction
of
any
Ilquor
,
po●●ed
oft-times
on
the
feces
from
whence
it
was
distilled
,
by
distillation
.
Congelation
,
is
when
any
liquor
being
decocted
to
the
height
,
is
afterward
by
setling
into
any
cold
place
turned
into
a
transparent
substance
like
unto
ice
.
Corosion
,
is
the
Calcining
of
bodyes
by
corrosive
things
.
D.
Decantation
,
is
the
pouring
off
of
any
liquor
which
hath
a
setling
,
by
inclination
.
Deliquium
,
is
the
dissolving
of
a
hard
body
into
a
liquor
,
as
salt
,
or
the
powder
of
any
calcined
matter
,
&c.
in
a
moist
,
cold
place
.
Descension
,
is
when
the
essentiall
juice
dissolved
from
the
matter
to
be
distilled
doth
descend
,
or
fall
downward
.
Despumation
,
is
the
taking
off
the
froth
that
floats
on
the
top
with
a
spoone
or
feather
,
or
by
percolation
.
Distillation
,
is
the
extracting
of
the
humid
part
of
things
by
vertue
of
heat
,
being
first
resolved
into
a
vapour
,
and
then
condensed
again
by
cold
.
Thus
it
is
generally
taken
,
but
how
more
particularly
,
I
shall
afterward
shew
.
Digestion
,
is
a
concocting
,
or
maturation
of
crude
things
by
an
easie
and
gentle
heat
.
Dissolution
,
is
the
turning
of
bodies
into
a
liquor
by
the
addition
of
some
humidity
.
Dulcoration
,
or
Dulcification
,
is
either
the
washing
off
the
salt
from
any
matter
that
was
calcined
therewith
,
with
warm
water
,
in
which
the
salt
is
dissolved
,
and
the
matter
dulcified
:
or
it
is
sweetning
of
things
with
sugar
,
or
honey
,
or
syrup
.
E.
Elevation
,
is
the
rising
of
any
matter
in
manner
of
fume
,
or
vapour
,
by
virtue
of
heat
.
Evaporation
,
or
Exhalation
,
is
the
vapouring
away
of
any
moisture
.
Exaltation
,
is
when
any
matter
doth
by
digestion
attain
to
a
greater
purity
.
Expression
,
is
the
extracting
of
any
liquor
by
the
hand
,
or
by
a
Presse
.
Extraction
,
is
the
drawing
forth
of
an
essence
from
a
corporeall
matter
by
some
fit
liquor
,
as
spirit
of
wine
,
the
feces
remaining
in
the
bottome
.
F.
Fermentation
,
is
when
any
thing
is
resolved
into
it self
,
and
is
rarified
,
and
ripened
,
whether
it
be
done
by
any
ferment
added
to
it
,
or
by
digestion
only
.
Filtration
,
is
the
separation
of
any
liquid
matter
from
its
feces
by
making
it
run
through
a
brown
paper
made
like
a
tunnell
,
or
a
little
bag
of
woollen
cloth
,
or
through
shreds
.
Fixation
,
is
the
making
of
any
volatile
,
spiritual
body
endure
the
fire
,
and
not
flye
away
,
whether
it
be
done
by
often
reiterated
distillations
,
or
sublimations
,
or
by
the
adding
of
some
fixing
thing
to
it
.
Fumigation
,
is
the
calcining
of
bodies
by
the
fume
of
sharp
spirits
,
whether
vegetable
or
minerall
,
the
bodies
being
laid
over
the
mouth
of
the
vessell
wherein
the
sharp
spirits
are
.
H.
Hamectation
,
or
Irrigation
,
is
a
sprinkling
of
moisture
upon
any
thing
.
I.
Imbibition
,
is
when
any
dry
body
drinks
in
any
moisture
that
is
put
upon
it
.
Impregnation
,
is
when
any
dry
body
hath
drank
in
so
much
moisture
that
it
will
admit
of
no
more
.
Incorporation
,
is
a
mixtion
of
a
dry
and
moist
body
together
,
so
as
to
make
an
uniform
masse
of
them
.
Infusion
,
is
the
putting
of
any
hard
matter
into
liquor
,
for
the
virtue
thereof
to
be
extracted
.
Insolation
,
is
the
digesting
of
things
in
the
Sun
.
L.
Levigation
,
is
the
reducing
of
any
hard
matter
into
a
most
fine
powder
.
Liquation
,
is
a
melting
or
making
any
thing
fluid
.
Lutation
,
is
either
the
stopping
of
the
orifices
of
vessels
,
that
no
vapour
passe
out
,
or
the
coating
of
any
vessell
to
preserve
it
●rom
breaking
in
the
fire
.
M.
Maceration
,
is
the
same
as
Digestion
.
Maturation
,
is
the
exalting
of
a
substance
that
is
immature
and
crude
to
be
ripened
and
concocted
.
Menstruum
,
is
any
Liquor
that
serves
for
the
extracting
the
essence
of
any
thing
.
P.
Precipitation
,
is
when
bodies
corroded
by
corrosive
spirits
either
by
the
evaporating
of
the
spirits
remain
in
the
bottome
,
or
by
pouring
something
upon
the
spirit
,
as
oil
of
Tartar
,
or
a
good
quantity
of
water
,
do
fall
to
the
bottom
.
Purification
,
is
a
separation
of
any
Liquor
from
its
●eces
whether
it
be
done
by
clarification
,
filtration
,
or
digestion
.
Putrefaction
,
is
the
resolution
of
a
mixt
body
into
it self
,
by
a
naturall
gentle
heat
.
Q.
Quintessence
,
is
an
absolute
,
pure
and
well
digested
medicine
,
drawn
from
any
substance
,
either
animall
,
vegetable
or
minerall
.
R.
Rectification
,
is
either
the
drawing
of
the
flegm
from
the
spirit
,
or
of
the
spirit
from
the
flegm
,
or
the
exaltation
of
any
Liquor
by
a
reiterated
distillation
.
Reverberation
,
is
the
reducing
of
bodies
into
a
Calx
,
by
a
reflecting
flame
.
S.
Solution
,
is
a
dissolving
or
attenuating
of
bodies
.
Stratification
,
is
a
strewing
of
corroding
powder
on
plates
of
metall
by
course
.
Sublimation
,
is
an
elevating
,
or
raising
of
the
matter
to
the
upper
part
of
the
vessell
by
way
of
a
subtle
powder
.
Subtiliation
,
is
the
turning
of
a
body
into
a
Liquor
,
or
into
a
fine
powder
.
T.
Transmutation
,
is
the
changing
of
a
thing
in
substance
,
colour
,
and
quality
.
V.
Volatile
,
is
that
which
flyeth
the
fire
.
Rules
to
be
considered
in
Distillation
.
1.
Make
choice
of
a
fit
place
in
your
house
for
the
furnace
,
so
that
it
may
neither
hinder
any
thing
,
nor
be
in
danger
of
the
falling
of
any
thing
into
it
that
shall
lye
over
it
:
for
a
forcing
Furnace
it
will
be
best
to
set
it
in
a
chimney
,
because
a
strong
heat
is
used
to
it
,
and
many
times
there
are
used
brands
which
will
smoak
,
and
the
fire
being
great
the
danger
thereof
may
be
prevented
,
and
of
things
of
a
maligne
and
venenate
qualitie
being
distilled
in
such
a
Furnace
,
the
fume
or
vapour
,
if
the
glass
should
break
,
may
be
carryed
up
into
the
chimney
which
otherwise
will
flye
about
the
room
to
thy
prejudice
.
2.
In
all
kinds
of
Distillation
the
vessels
are
not
to
be
filled
too
full
,
for
if
you
distill
Liquors
they
will
run
over
,
if
other
solider
things
,
the
one
part
will
be
burnt
before
the
other
part
be
at
all
worked
upon
,
but
fill
the
fourth
part
of
Gourds
,
the
half
of
Retorts
,
the
third
part
of
copper
vessels
;
and
in
rectifying
of
spirits
fill
the
vessell
half
full
.
3.
Let
those
things
which
are
flatulent
,
as
wax
,
rosin
,
and
such
like
,
as
also
those
things
which
do
easily
boil
up
,
as
honey
,
be
put
in
a
lesser
quantity
,
and
be
distilled
in
greater
vessels
,
with
the
addition
of
salt
,
sand
,
or
such
like
.
4.
There
be
some
things
which
require
a
strong
fire
,
yet
you
must
have
a
care
that
the
fire
be
not
too
vehement
for
fear
their
nature
should
be
destroyed
.
5.
You
must
have
a
care
that
the
lute
with
which
vessels
are
closed
,
do
not
give
vent
and
alter
the
nature
of
the
Liquor
;
especially
when
a
strong
fire
is
to
be
used
.
6.
Acid
Liquors
have
this
peculiar
property
,
that
the
weaker
part
goes
forth
first
,
and
the
stronger
last
;
but
in
fermented
and
Liquors
the
spirit
goeth
first
,
then
the
flegme
.
7.
If
the
Liquor
retain
a
certain
Empyreuma
,
or
smatch
of
the
fire
,
thou
shalt
help
it
by
putting
it
into
a
glass
close
stopt
,
and
so
exposing
it
to
the
heat
of
the
Sun
,
and
now
and
then
opening
the
glass
that
the
fiery
impression
may
exhale
,
or
else
let
the
glass
stand
in
a
cold
moist
place
.
8.
When
you
put
water
into
a
seething-Balneum
wherein
there
are
glasses
,
let
it
be
hot
,
or
else
thou
wilt
endanger
the
breaking
of
the
glasses
.
9.
When
thou
takest
an
earthen
or
glass
vessel
from
the
fire
,
expose
it
not
to
the
cold
air
too
suddenly
for
fear
it
should
break
.
10.
If
thou
wouldst
have
a
Balneum
as
hot
as
ashes
,
put
sand
or
sawdust
into
it
,
that
the
heat
of
the
water
may
be
therewith
kept
in
,
and
made
more
intense
.
11.
If
you
would
make
a
heat
with
horse-dung
,
the
manner
is
this
,
viz.
make
a
hole
in
the
ground
,
then
lay
one
course
of
horse
dung
a
foot
thick
,
then
a
course
of
unslaked
lime
half
a
foot
thick
,
then
another
of
dung
,
as
before
,
then
set
in
your
vessel
,
and
lay
round
it
lime
and
horse
dung
mixt
together
;
press
it
down
very
hard
;
you
must
sprinkle
it
every
other
day
with
water
,
and
when
it
ceaseth
to
be
hot
,
then
take
it
out
and
put
in
more
.
12.
Note
that
alwayes
sand
or
ashes
must
be
well
sisted
,
for
otherwise
a
coal
or
stone
therein
may
break
your
glass
.
13.
The
time
for
putrefaction
of
things
is
various
,
for
if
the
thing
to
be
putrefied
be
vegetables
and
green
,
less
time
is
required
,
if
dry
,
a
longer
,
if
Minerals
,
the
longest
of
all
.
Thus
much
note
,
that
t●●●gs
are
sooner
putrefied
in
cloudy
weather
then
in
fair
.
14.
If
thou
wouldst
keep
vegetables
fresh
and
green
all
the
year
,
gather
them
in
a
dry
day
,
and
put
them
into
an
earthen
vessel
,
which
you
must
stop
close
,
and
set
in
a
cold
place
:
and
they
will
,
as
saith
Glauberus
,
keep
fresh
a
whole
year
.
15.
Do
not
expect
to
extract
the
essence
of
any
vegetable
unless
by
making
use
of
the
feces
,
left
after
distillation
:
for
if
you
take
those
feces
,
as
for
example
of
a
nettle
,
and
make
a
decoction
thereof
,
and
strain
it
and
set
it
in
the
frost
,
it
wil
be
congealed
&
in
it
will
appear
a
thousand
leaves
of
nettles
with
their
prickles
which
when
the
decoction
is
again
resolved
by
heat
,
vanish
away
,
which
shews
that
the
essence
of
the
vegetables
lies
in
the
salt
thereof
.
16.
In
all
your
operations
,
diligently
observe
the
processes
which
you
read
,
and
vary
not
a
tittle
from
them
,
for
sometimes
a
smal
mistake
or
neglect
spoils
the
whole
operation
,
and
frustrates
your
expectation
.
17.
Try
not
at
first
experiments
of
great
cost
,
or
great
difficulty
,
for
it
will
be
a
great
discouragement
to
thee
,
and
thou
wilt
be
very
apt
to
mistake
.
18.
If
any
would
enter
upon
the
practise
of
Chymistrie
,
let
him
apply
himself
to
some
expert
Artist
for
to
be
instructed
in
the
manual
operation
of
things
,
for
by
this
means
he
wil
learn
more
in
two
months
,
then
he
can
by
his
practise
and
study
in
7
years
,
as
also
avoid
much
pains
and
cost
,
and
redeem
much
time
which
else
of
necessity
he
will
lose
.
19.
Enter
not
upon
any
operation
,
unless
it
be
consistent
with
the
possibility
of
nature
,
which
therefore
thou
must
endeavour
as
much
as
possibly
may
be
,
to
understand
well
.
20.
Do
not
interpret
all
things
thou
readest
according
to
the
literall
sense
,
for
Philosophers
when
they
wrote
any
thing
too
excellent
for
the
vulgar
to
know
,
expressed
it
enigmatically
,
that
the
sons
of
Art
only
might
understand
it
.
21.
In
all
thy
operations
propose
a
good
end
to
thy self
,
as
not
to
use
any
excellent
experiment
that
thou
shalt
discover
,
to
any
ill
end
,
but
for
the
publick
good
.
22.
It
wil
be
necessary
that
thou
knowest
all
such
instruments
that
thou
shalt
use
about
thy
Furnace
and
Glasses
,
whereof
some
are
already
expressed
,
and
some
more
are
shewn
in
the
following
page
.
A
B
C
D
E
A
,
Signifies
an
iron
rod
with
two
iron
rings
at
the
ends
thereof
,
which
must
be
heated
red
hot
,
and
applyed
to
that
part
of
the
glass
which
thou
wouldst
break
off
.
When
thou
hast
held
it
there
so
long
till
the
glass
be
very
hot
,
then
take
it
off
,
and
drop
some
cold
water
where
thou
wouldst
have
it
break
off
,
and
it
will
presently
crack
in
sunder
.
These
rings
are
for
such
glasses
as
will
goe
into
them
:
Thou
must
have
divers
of
this
sort
,
even
of
all
sizes
.
B
,
An
iron
hook
which
must
be
heated
hot
,
and
applyed
to
any
great
glass
that
will
not
goe
into
a
ring
,
this
hook
bath
a
wooden
handle
.
C
,
A
pair
of
tongs
which
are
for
divers
uses
.
D
,
A
crooked
iron
to
rake
betwixt
the
grates
to
clear
them
.
E
,
An
iron
rake
to
rake
the
ashes
out
of
the
ash-hole
.
A
thread
dipt
in
melted
brimstone
and
tyed
about
a
glass
,
and
then
fired
,
may
serve
in
stead
of
the
iron
rings
,
and
the
hook
.
Common
distilled
simple
waters
,
are
made
thus
.
TAke
what
herbs
or
flowers
you
please
,
put
them
into
a
common
cold
Still
,
and
let
them
distill
gently
.
This
is
the
form
of
a
common
cold
Still
.
But
note
that
this
kinde
of
water
is
but
the
flegm
of
the
vegetable
which
you
distil
,
and
hath
very
little
vertue
or
odour
in
it
;
only
roses
and
mints
and
two
or
three
more
have
an
odour
,
but
all
besides
,
have
as
little
vertue
as
common
distilled
water
.
I
do
not
deny
but
that
it
may
be
so
ordered
,
that
these
kinds
of
waters
may
partake
both
of
the
smell
and
strength
of
their
vegetables
in
a
good
measure
,
and
it
is
thus
.
To
make
waters
in
a
cold
Still
that
shall
have
the
full
smell
and
vertue
of
the
vegetable
.
TAke
what
herbs
,
flowers
,
or
roots
you
please
(
so
that
they
be
green
)
bruise
them
and
mix
with
them
some
leaven
,
and
let
them
stand
close
covered
for
four
or
five
days
:
then
distil
them
after
the
manner
aforesaid
.
Another
way
to
make
Water
taste
and
smell
strong
of
its
vegetable
.
WHen
you
have
distilled
any
vegetable
in
a
cold
Still
after
the
usuall
manner
(
so
that
you
take
heed
you
dry
not
the
hearb
too
much
,
which
you
may
prevent
by
putting
a
brown
paper
in
the
bottom
of
the
Still
,
giving
it
a
gentle
fire
,
and
turning
the
cake
before
it
be
quite
dryed
)
take
the
cakes
that
remain
in
the
bottome
of
the
Still
,
and
the
water
that
is
distilled
from
thence
(
having
a
good
quantity
thereof
)
and
put
them
into
a
hot
Still
,
and
let
them
stand
warm
for
the
space
of
24
hours
,
then
distil
them
.
Then
if
you
would
have
the
water
strong
,
put
the
said
water
into
more
fresh
cakes
,
casting
away
the
other
,
and
doe
as
before
.
This
is
the
truest
and
best
way
to
have
the
water
of
any
vegetables
.
Also
thou
shalt
by
this
way
purchase
some
oil
which
is
to
be
separated
and
to
be
kept
by
it self
.
To
make
water
at
any
time
of
the
year
in
a
cold
Still
without
green
herbs
,
so
that
the
water
shall
smell
strong
of
the
hearb
.
PUt
fair
water
into
the
body
of
the
cold
Still
,
then
hang
a
bag
full
of
that
hearb
that
thou
wouldst
have
the
water
of
,
being
first
dryed
,
or
seed
or
root
thereof
first
bruised
,
then
make
a
strong
fire
under
the
Still
.
Note
that
those
vegetables
of
which
the
water
is
made
after
this
and
the
former
manner
,
must
be
of
a
fragrant
smell
,
for
such
as
have
but
little
or
no
smell
cannot
yeeld
a
water
of
any
considerable
odour
.
Another
way
to
make
a
water
taste
and
smell
strong
of
its
vegetables
.
TAke
of
the
dry
hearb
,
or
seed
,
or
root
bruised
,
to
a
pound
of
each
,
put
12
,
pints
of
spring
water
,
distill
them
in
a
hot
Still
or
Alembick
,
and
the
water
that
is
distilled
off
put
upon
more
of
the
fresh
hearbs
,
seeds
,
or
roots
;
do
this
three
or
four
times
,
and
thou
shalt
have
a
water
full
of
the
vertue
of
the
vegetable
,
being
almost
as
strong
as
a
spirit
.
To
make
the
water
of
the
flowers
of
Jasmin
,
Honey-suckles
,
or
Woodbine
,
Violets
,
Lillies
,
&c.
retain
the
smell
of
their
flowers
.
The
reason
why
these
flowers
in
the
common
way
of
distillation
yeeld
a
water
of
no
fragrancie
at
all
,
although
they
themselves
are
very
odoriforous
,
are
either
because
if
a
stronger
fire
be
made
in
the
distilling
of
them
,
the
grosser
and
more
earthy
spirit
cometh
out
with
the
finer
,
and
troubleth
it
,
as
it
is
in
case
the
flowers
be
crushed
or
bruised
(
where
the
odour
up●●
the
same
account
is
lost
)
or
because
the
odoriferous
spirit
thereof
being
thin
and
very
subtle
,
riseth
with
a
gentle
heat
,
but
for
lack
of
body
vapours
away
.
The
a●●therefore
that
is
here
required
,
is
to
prevent
the
mixtion
of
the
grosser
spirit
with
the
finer
,
and
to
give
such
a
body
to
the
finer
that
shall
not
embase
it
:
and
it
is
thus
.
Take
of
either
of
the
aforesaid
flowers
gathered
fresh
,
and
at
noon
in
a
fair
day
,
let
them
not
at
all
be
bruised
.
Infuse
a
handfull
of
them
in
two
quarts
of
White-wine
(
which
must
be
very
good
,
or
else
you
labour
in
vain
)
for
the
space
of
half
an
hour
,
then
take
them
forth
,
and
infuse
in
the
same
wine
the
same
quantity
of
fresh
flowers
,
this
do
eight
or
ten
times
,
but
still
remember
that
they
be
not
infused
above
half
an
hour
,
(
for
according
to
the
rule
of
infusion
,
a
short
stay
of
the
body
that
hath
a
fine
spirit
in
the
liquor
receiveth
the
spirit
;
but
a
longer
stay
confoundeth
it
,
because
it
draweth
forth
the
earthy
part
withall
,
which
destroyeth
the
finer
:
)
then
distill
this
liquor
(
all
the
flowers
being
first
taken
out
)
in
a
glass
gourd
in
a
very
gentle
Balneo
,
or
over
a
vapour
of
hot
water
,
the
joints
of
the
glass
being
very
well
closed
,
and
thou
shalt
have
a
water
of
a
most
fragrant
odour
.
By
this
means
the
spirit
of
the
wine
which
serves
to
body
the
fine
odoriferous
spirit
of
the
flowers
ariseth
as
soon
as
the
fine
spirit
it self
,
without
any
earthiness
mixed
with
it
.
Note
that
in
defect
of
Wine
,
Aqua
vitae
will
serve
;
also
strong
beer
,
but
not
altogether
so
well
,
because
there
is
more
gross
earthiness
in
it
then
in
wine
.
The
water
of
either
of
these
flowers
is
a
most
fragrant
perfume
,
and
may
be
used
as
a
very
delicate
sweet
water
,
and
is
no
small
secret
.
A
Furnace
with
his
vessels
to
distil
liquors
with
the
steam
of
boyling
water
.
A
,
Shews
the
head
of
the
Alembick
.
B
,
The
body
thereof
placed
in
a
brasse
vessel
made
for
that
purpose
.
C
,
A
brasse
vessel
perforated
in
many
places
to
receive
the
vapor
of
the
water
.
This
vessel
shal
contain
the
Alembick
compassed
about
with
sawdust
,
not
only
that
it
may
the
better
and
longer
retain
the
heat
of
the
vapour
,
but
also
lest
it
should
be
broken
by
the
hard
touch
of
the
brazen
vessel
.
D
,
Shews
the
brasse
vessel
containing
the
water
as
it
is
placed
in
the
Furnace
.
E
,
The
Furnace
containing
the
vessel
.
F
,
A
Funnel
by
which
you
may
now
and
then
pour
in
water
in
stead
of
that
which
is
vanisht
and
dissipated
by
the
heat
of
the
fire
.
G
,
The
Receiver
.
The
delineation
of
a
Baln
.
M●r.
which
may
also
serve
to
distill
with
ashes
.
A
,
Shews
the
Furnace
with
the
hole
to
take
forth
the
ashes
.
B
,
Shews
another
furnace
,
as
it
were
set
in
the
other
:
now
it
is
of
brass
,
&
runs
through
the
midst
of
the
kettle
made
also
of
brass
,
that
so
the
contained
water
or
ashes
may
be
the
more
easily
●eated
.
C
,
The
kettle
wherein
the
water
,
ashes
,
or
sand
,
are
contained
.
D
,
The
Alembick
set
in
the
water
,
ashes
,
or
sand
,
with
the
mouths
of
the
receivers
.
E
,
The
bottome
of
the
second
brass
Furnace
,
whose
top
is
marked
with
B
,
which
contains
the
fire
.
A
water
out
of
Berries
,
is
made
thus
.
TAke
of
what
Berries
you
please
being
full
ripe
,
put
them
into
a
gourd
glass
,
strewing
upon
them
a
good
quantity
of
powdered
sugar
,
cover
them
close
,
let
them
stand
three
weeks
or
a
month
,
then
distill
them
in
Balneo
.
After
this
manner
Strawberries
,
Raspberries
,
Elderberries
,
and
black
Cherries
may
be
distilled
:
But
note
that
such
as
have
stones
,
must
first
be
bruised
together
with
their
stones
.
A
sweating
water
made
of
Elderberries
.
TAke
of
Elder
berries
as
many
as
you
please
,
press
out
the
juice
thereof
,
to
every
gallon
thereof
put
a
pint
of
White-wine
vinegar
,
of
the
lees
of
Whitewine
a
pint
,
let
them
stand
in
a
wooden
vessell
,
which
thou
must
then
set
in
some
warm
place
near
the
fire
side
for
the
space
of
a
week
,
then
distill
them
in
a
hot
Still
,
or
Alembick
.
The
Furnace
for
a
Balneum
Mariae
with
the
Alembicks
and
their
re●eivers
.
A
,
Shews
the
brass
Kettle
full
of
water
.
B
,
The
cover
of
the
Kettle
perforated
in
two
places
,
to
give
passage
forth
to
the
Vessels
.
C
,
A
Pipe
or
Chimney
added
to
the
Kettle
,
wherein
the
fire
is
contained
to
heat
the
water
.
D
,
The
Alembick
consisting
of
its
body
and
head
.
E
,
the
Receiver
whereinto
the
distilled
liquor
runs
.
The
effigies
of
another
Baln
.
Mar.
not
so
easie
to
be
removed
as
the
former
.
A
,
Shews
the
vessell
or
Copper
that
contains
the
water
.
B
,
The
Alembick
set
in
water
.
But
lest
the
bottom
of
the
Alembick
being
half
ful
,
should
float
up
and
down
in
the
water
,
and
so
strike
against
the
sides
of
the
Kettle
,
I
have
thought
good
to
shew
you
the
way
and
means
to
prevent
that
danger
.
A
,
Shews
the
vessel
or
glass
Alembick
.
B
,
A
plate
of
lead
whereon
it
stands
.
C
,
Strings
that
bind
the
Alembick
to
the
plate
.
D
,
Rings
through
which
thestrings
are
put
to
fasten
the
Alembick
.
In
defect
of
a
Furnace
for
a
Balneum
,
you
may
make
use
of
a
pot
set
upon
a
trevet
after
this
manner
.
An
ounce
or
two
of
this
water
of
Elder
berries
is
a
very
excellent
sudorifick
,
and
is
very
good
in
all
diseases
that
require
sweat
,
as
also
in
hydropicall
diseases
.
Water
out
of
rotten
apples
is
made
thus
.
TAke
as
many
rotten
apples
as
you
please
,
bruise
them
,
and
distill
them
either
in
a
common
cold
Still
,
or
gourd
glasses
in
Balneo
.
This
water
is
of
greater
use
in
feavers
,
and
hot
distempers
then
the
common
distilled
waters
of
any
cold
vegetables
.
It
is
very
good
in
any
hot
distemper
of
the
reines
,
and
sharpness
of
Urine
.
It
is
very
good
in
the
inflammations
of
the
eyes
.
How
to
make
Aqua
vitae
,
and
spirit
of
Wine
out
of
Wine
.
TAke
of
what
wine
you
please
,
put
it
into
a
copper
Still
,
two
parts
of
three
being
empty
,
distill
it
with
a
worm
untill
no
more
spirit
come
off
,
then
this
spirit
will
serve
for
the
making
of
any
spirits
out
of
vegetables
:
but
if
thou
wouldst
have
it
stronger
distill
it
again
,
and
half
will
remain
behind
as
an
insipid
flegm
:
and
if
thou
wouldst
have
it
yet
stronger
,
distill
it
again
,
for
every
distillation
wil
leave
behind
one
moity
of
flegm
or
thereabouts
;
So
shalt
thou
have
a
most
pure
and
strong
spirit
of
wine
.
A
hot
Still
.
A
,
Sheweth
the
bottome
which
ought
to
be
of
Copper
.
B
,
The
head
.
C
,
The
barrell
filled
with
cold
water
to
refrigerate
and
condensate
the
water
and
oile
that
runs
through
the
pipe
or
worm
that
is
put
through
it
.
D
,
A
pipe
of
brass
or
pewter
,
or
rather
a
worm
of
Tin
running
,
through
the
barrell
.
E
,
The
Alembick
set
in
the
furnace
with
the
fire
under
it
.
How
to
make
Aqua
vitae
out
of
beer
.
TAke
of
stale
strong-beer
or
rather
the
grounds
thereof
,
put
it
into
a
Copper
Still
with
a
worm
,
distill
it
gently
(
or
otherwise
it
will
make
the
head
of
the
Still
fly
up
)
and
there
wil
come
forth
a
weak
spirit
,
which
is
called
low
wine
:
of
which
when
thou
hast
a
good
quantity
thou
mayest
distill
it
again
of
it self
,
and
there
will
come
forth
a
good
Aqua
vitae
.
And
if
thou
distillest
it
two
or
three
times
more
,
thou
shalt
have
as
strong
a
spirit
as
out
of
wine
,
and
indeed
betwixt
which
and
the
spirit
of
wine
,
thou
shalt
perceive
none
or
very
little
difference
.
How
to
rectifie
spirit
of
Wine
or
Aqua
vitae
.
DIstill
it
in
Balneo
untill
the
last
drop
that
comes
off
be
hot
,
and
full
of
spirit
.
Note
that
every
time
there
will
remain
in
the
bottome
a
quantity
as
weak
as
water
.
Note
also
that
every
time
thou
distillest
it
,
when
thou
perceivest
that
a
very
weak
water
comes
over
,
thou
shalt
then
end
that
distillation
.
To
make
the
Magistery
of
Wine
,
which
will
be
one
of
the
greatest
Cordials
,
and
most
odoriferous
Liquor
in
the
world
.
TAke
good
old
rich
Canary
Wine
,
put
it
into
a
glass
vessell
that
it
may
fill
the
third
part
thereof
,
nip
it
up
and
set
it
in
a
continuall
heat
of
horse
dung
for
the
space
of
four
months
:
then
in
frosty
weather
set
it
forth
into
the
coldest
place
of
the
air
you
can
,
for
the
space
of
a
month
,
that
it
may
be
congealed
:
And
so
the
cold
will
drive
in
the
true
spirit
of
the
wine
into
the
Center
thereof
,
and
separate
it
perfectly
from
its
flegm
.
That
which
is
congealed
cast
away
;
but
that
which
is
not
congealed
esteem
as
the
true
spirit
of
Wine
.
Circulate
this
in
a
Pelican
with
a
moderate
heat
for
the
space
of
a
month
,
and
thou
shalt
have
the
true
magistery
or
spirit
of
Wine
,
which
as
it
is
most
cordial
,
so
also
most
balsamicall
,
exceeding
all
balsames
for
the
cure
of
Wounds
.
The
form
of
a
Pelican
.
The
mattter
must
be
put
in
at
the
top
which
afterwards
must
be
closed
up
.
To
make
another
Magistery
of
Wine
that
a
few
drops
thereof
shall
turn
Water
into
perfect
Wine
.
TAke
of
the
best
Canary
Wine
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
let
it
stand
in
putrefaction
forty
dayes
,
then
distill
it
in
B●lneo
,
and
there
will
come
forth
a
spirit
,
and
at
last
an
oil
,
separate
the
one
from
the
other
,
and
rectifie
the
spirit
.
Set
the
oil
again
in
putrefaction
forty
dayes
,
and
then
distill
it
.
The
feces
that
are
left
after
the
first
Distillation
will
yeeld
a
volatile
salt
,
which
must
be
extracted
without
Calcination
,
with
the
flegm
of
the
spirit
,
purifie
it
well
,
then
impregnate
the
salt
with
its
spirit
,
and
digest
them
,
then
adde
the
oil
,
and
digest
them
together
till
they
become
a
red
powder
,
which
you
may
use
as
it
is
,
or
else
set
it
in
a
cellar
till
it
be
dissolved
into
a
liquor
,
and
a
few
drops
thereof
will
doe
as
above
said
.
To
make
an
oil
of
Wine
.
TAke
weak
spirit
of
Wine
,
distil
it
in
a
Vessel
of
a
long
neck
,
then
pour
on
this
spirit
again
upon
the
flegm
,
distill
it
again
,
do
this
severall
times
,
and
you
shall
see
the
oil
of
the
Wine
swim
on
the
flegm
,
which
flegm
you
must
separate
from
the
oil
by
a
tunnell
.
If
this
oil
be
afterward
circulated
for
a
month
,
it
will
thereby
become
most
odoriferous
,
and
of
singular
vertue
,
and
good
,
being
both
very
cordiall
and
balsamicall
.
To
extract
the
spirit
out
of
Wine
by
the
spirit
of
Wine
.
PUt
spirit
of
Wine
well
rectified
upon
Canary
on
Rhenish
Wine
,
so
cautiously
that
it
may
not
mix
with
,
but
swim
upon
the
Wine
,
let
them
stand
without
stirring
the
space
of
48
hours
.
Then
will
the
spirit
that
is
in
the
Wine
rise
up
and
join
it self
to
the
spirit
that
swims
on
the
top
,
which
you
shall
perceive
by
the
weakness
of
the
flegm
,
which
you
must
let
run
out
at
a
tap
,
which
must
be
made
in
the
bottome
of
the
vessell
for
that
purpose
,
and
so
be
separated
from
the
spirit
.
To
make
a
very
subtill
spirit
of
Wine
at
the
first
distilling
.
TAke
white
,
or
wheaten
bread
as
soon
as
it
comes
forth
of
the
Oven
,
break
it
in
the
middle
,
i.
e.
the
upper
side
from
the
lower
side
,
and
hang
it
in
a
Glass
vessell
over
Canary
Wine
,
but
so
that
it
touch
not
the
wine
;
then
cover
the
vessel
and
let
it
so
stand
untill
the
bread
swell
and
be
sufficiently
impregnated
with
the
Spirit
of
Wine
,
which
it
will
attract
from
the
Wine
:
then
take
out
that
bread
and
put
in
more
,
till
you
have
a
considerable
quantity
of
bread
thus
moistned
.
Then
put
this
bread
into
a
glass
body
,
and
distill
it
in
Balneo
,
and
you
shall
have
a
a
very
subtile
spirit
,
which
you
may
yet
rectifie
by
Circulation
.
By
Furnaces
and
Vessels
made
after
this
ensuing
figure
,
there
may
be
made
four
Rectifications
of
any
spirit
at
once
.
These
Vessels
may
either
stand
in
ashes
,
or
in
Balneo
.
The
manner
of
Distilling
in
wooden
Vessels
.
A
,
Signifieth
the
vessel
wherein
the
copper
vessell
lyeth
.
B
,
The
copper
vessel
,
part
of
which
is
in
the
Furnace
,
and
part
in
the
vessel
of
wood
.
C
,
The
vessel
of
wood
wherein
the
matter
must
be
that
is
distilled
.
D
,
The
cooling
vessel
with
the
worm
.
E
,
The
Receiver
.
F
,
The
Trefoot
whereon
the
vessell
standeth
.
Note
that
the
greater
the
Copper
vessell
is
,
and
the
lesse
the
woodden
is
,
the
sooner
will
the
liquor
boil
.
This
Furnace
shews
how
to
draw
forth
spirits
and
waters
out
of
vegetables
and
animals
with
little
cost
and
in
short
time
.
A
Balneum
and
a
boiling
Vessel
made
of
Wood.
The
vessell
on
the
left
hand
is
for
a
Balneum
,
the
holes
in
the
cover
thereof
are
either
to
set
in
vessels
over
the
fume
of
the
water
,
or
for
the
necks
of
the
glasses
set
in
the
Balneo
to
pass
through
The
vessell
on
your
right
hand
is
to
boil
water
in
for
any
use
,
also
to
brew
in
.
The
Spirit
of
any
Vegetable
is
made
thus
.
TAke
of
what
vegetable
you
please
,
two
pound
,
macerate
it
in
six
Gallons
of
Aqua
vitae
or
low
Wines
,
or
Sack
,
for
the
space
of
24.
hours
,
then
let
them
be
distilled
by
an
Alembick
,
or
hot
Still
,
putting
to
every
pound
of
the
spirit
two
ounces
of
most
pure
sugar
.
Note
that
the
two
first
pints
may
be
called
the
stronger
spirit
,
and
the
rest
the
weaker
spirit
,
or
indeed
the
water
,
but
if
they
be
both
mixed
together
,
they
will
make
an
excellent
midling
spirit
,
for
the
former
hath
more
of
the
spirit
of
wine
,
and
the
latter
more
of
the
vertue
and
odour
of
the
vegetable
.
After
this
manner
may
be
made
the
spirit
of
-
Herbs
,
-
Flowers
,
-
the
Roots
of
Vegetables
-
the
Seeds
of
Vegetables
-
Berries
,
-
Barks
,
-
Rinds
,
-
and
Spices
.
Note
that
the
Hearbs
and
Flowers
must
be
cut
small
,
the
rest
bruised
.
If
you
would
make
it
stronger
,
then
take
all
the
foresaid
spirit
,
and
as
much
more
Sack
or
low
Wines
,
and
put
them
upon
the
same
quantity
of
fresh
vegetables
and
distil
them
;
repeat
this
three
or
four
times
if
thou
pleasest
.
Note
also
that
the
Vegetable
must
be
dryed
;
because
else
the
spirit
will
not
be
so
good
,
as
if
otherwise
.
The
form
of
an
Alembick
.
A
,
Signifies
the
vessel
which
must
be
of
Copper
,
in
which
the
m●●●
is
contained
,
and
which
o●
〈◊〉
be
set
over
a
naked
fire
.
B
,
Signifies
the
belly
that
is
fastned
to
the
Neck
,
that
the
Neck
may
the
more
commodiously
be
applyed
to
the
large
mouth
of
the
vessel
.
But
it
may
be
so
ordered
that
the
mouth
of
the
upper
vessell
and
lower
vessel
may
be
so
fitted
that
they
shall
not
need
this
Belly
.
C
,
The
long
Neck
of
the
upper
vessel
whereby
the
spirit
or
water
passing
is
somewhat
cooled
.
D
,
The
head
.
E
,
The
vessel
that
compasseth
the
head
,
into
which
cold
water
is
centinually
poured
after
the
heating
.
F
,
The
long
receiver
.
G
,
The
top
or
Cock
letting
out
the
water
when
it
is
hot
.
The
Spirit
of
any
vegetable
may
suddenly
,
at
any
time
of
the
year
be
made
thus
.
Take
of
what
Hearb
,
Flower
,
Seeds
,
or
Roots
you
please
.
Fil
the
head
of
the
Stil
therewith
,
then
cover
the
mouth
thereof
with
a
course
Canvas
,
and
set
it
on
the
Stil
,
having
first
put
into
it
sack
,
or
low
Wines
.
Then
give
it
fire
.
If
at
any
time
thou
wouldst
have
the
spirt
be
of
the
colour
of
its
vegetable
,
then
put
of
the
flowers
thereof
dryed
a
good
quantity
in
the
nose
of
the
Still
.
To
make
any
vegetable
yeeld
its
spirit
quickly
.
Take
of
what
vegetables
you
please
,
whether
it
be
the
seed
flower
,
root
,
fruit
,
or
leaves
thereof
,
cut
or
bruise
them
small
,
then
put
them
into
warm
water
,
put
yest
or
balm
to
them
,
and
cover
them
warm
,
and
let
them
work
three
days
as
doth
Beer
,
then
distill
them
and
they
will
yeeld
their
spirit
easily
.
To
reduce
the
whole
〈◊〉
into
a
liquor
which
may
wel
be
called
the
Essence
thereof
.
Take
the
whole
Hearb
with
flowers
,
and
roots
,
make
it
very
clean
:
then
bruise
it
in
a
stone
Morter
,
put
it
into
a
large
glass
vessel
,
so
that
two
parts
of
three
may
be
empty
:
then
cover
it
exceeding
close
,
and
let
it
stand
in
putrefaction
in
a
moderate
heat
the
space
of
half
a
year
,
and
it
will
be
all
turned
into
a
water
.
To
make
an
Essence
of
any
Hearb
,
which
being
put
into
a
glass
,
and
held
over
a
gentle
fire
,
the
lively
form
and
Idea
of
the
Hearb
wil
appear
in
the
Glass
.
Take
the
foregoing
water
and
distill
it
in
a
gourd
glass
(
the
joints
being
well
closed
)
in
ashes
,
and
there
will
come
forth
a
Water
and
an
Oil
,
and
in
the
upper
part
of
the
vessel
wil
hang
a
volatile
salt
.
The
oil
separate
from
the
water
,
and
keep
by
it self
;
with
the
water
purifie
the
volatile
salt
by
dissolving
,
filtring
,
and
coagulating
.
The
salt
being
thus
purified
imbibe
with
the
said
oil
,
untill
it
will
imbibe
no
more
,
digest
them
wel
together
for
a
month
in
a
vessell
hermetically
sealed
.
And
by
this
means
you
shall
have
a
most
subtill
essence
,
which
being
held
over
a
gentle
heat
will
fly
up
into
the
glass
,
and
represent
the
perfect
Idea
of
that
vegetable
whereof
it
is
the
essence
.
The
true
Essence
or
rather
Quintessence
of
any
Hearb
is
made
thus
.
When
thou
hast
made
the
water
and
oil
of
any
vegetable
,
first
calcine
,
i.
e.
burn
to
ashes
the
remainder
of
the
Hearb
,
with
the
ashes
make
a
Lye
by
pouring
its
own
water
thereon
;
when
thou
hast
drawn
out
all
the
strength
of
the
ashes
,
then
take
〈◊〉
the
Lye
,
being
first
filtred
;
and
vapour
it
away
,
and
at
the
bottome
thou
shalt
find
a
black
salt
:
which
thou
must
take
and
put
into
a
Crucible
and
melt
it
in
a
strong
fire
(
covering
the
Crucible
all
the
time
it
is
melting
)
after
it
is
melted
let
it
boil
half
an
hour
or
more
,
then
take
it
out
:
and
beat
it
small
,
and
set
it
in
a
cellar
on
a
Marble
stone
or
in
a
broad
glass
,
and
it
wil
all
be
resolved
into
a
Liquor
;
this
Liquor
filter
,
and
vapour
away
the
humidity
till
it
be
very
dry
,
and
as
white
as
snow
.
Then
let
this
salt
imbibe
as
much
of
the
oil
of
the
same
vegetable
as
it
can
,
but
no
more
lest
thou
labour
in
vain
.
Then
digest
them
together
till
the
oil
will
not
rise
from
the
Salt
,
but
both
become
a
fixed
powder
,
melting
with
an
easie
heat
.
To
extract
the
Quintessence
of
all
Vegetables
.
Take
of
what
spices
flowers
,
seeds
,
hearbs
,
woods
you
please
,
put
them
into
rectified
spirit
of
Wine
;
let
the
spirit
extract
in
digestion
till
no
more
feces
fal
to
the
bottome
,
but
all
their
essence
is
gone
into
the
spirit
of
Wine
,
upon
which
being
thus
impregnated
pour
a
strong
spirit
of
salt
and
digest
it
in
Balneo
,
till
an
oil
swim
above
,
which
separate
with
a
Tunnell
,
or
draw
off
the
spirit
of
Wine
in
Balneo
and
the
oil
will
remain
clear
at
the
bottom
,
but
before
the
spirit
of
Wine
is
abstracted
,
the
oil
is
bloud
red
,
and
a
true
Quintessence
.
An
excellent
Essence
of
any
Vegetable
may
be
made
thus
.
Take
of
the
distilled
oil
of
any
vegetable
,
with
it
imbibe
the
best
Manna
being
very
well
depurated
,
untill
it
will
imbibe
no
more
,
then
digest
them
a
month
,
and
thou
shalt
have
the
true
balsome
and
excellent
Essence
of
any
vegetable
.
This
hath
the
vertues
of
the
vegetable
whereof
it
was
made
,
but
in
a
more
eminent
manner
.
The
depuration
of
Manna
for
this
use
is
a
great
secret
.
Water
or
Spirit
of
Manna
,
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
the
best
Manna
one
part
,
of
Nitre
two
parts
,
put
them
into
an
Ox
bladder
,
and
tying
it
close
,
put
it
into
warm
water
to
be
dissolved
.
Distill
this
water
in
an
Alembick
,
and
there
will
come
forth
an
insipid
water
,
sudorificall
and
laxative
.
The
Chimicall
Oil
of
the
Hearb
or
Flower
of
any
Vegetable
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
the
Hearb
or
Flower
dryed
one
pound
,
of
Spring
water
twenty
four
pints
,
distill
them
in
a
great
Alembick
,
with
its
cooler
or
Gopper
Stil
,
with
a
worm
passing
through
a
vessel
of
cold
water
.
Let
the
oil
that
is
drawn
with
the
water
be
separated
with
a
Tunnell
or
separating
glass
,
and
let
the
water
that
is
separated
be
kept
for
a
new
Distillation
.
Note
that
if
this
water
be
used
two
or
three
times
in
the
drawing
of
the
oil
,
it
will
be
an
excellent
water
of
that
vegetable
from
which
it
is
distilled
,
and
as
good
as
most
that
shal
be
drawn
any
other
way
.
After
the
same
manner
are
made
oil
of
the
dry
rinds
of
-
Orenges
,
-
Citrons
,
-
Lemons
,
But
note
that
these
Rinds
must
be
fresh
,
and
(
the
inward
whiteness
being
separated
)
be
bruised
.
The
Oil
commonly
called
the
spirit
of
Roses
.
Take
of
Damask
or
Red
Roses
,
being
fresh
,
as
many
as
you
please
,
infuse
them
in
as
much
warm
water
as
is
sufficient
for
the
space
of
twenty
four
hours
.
Then
strain
and
press
them
,
and
repeat
the
infusion
severall
times
with
pressing
,
untill
the
liquor
become
fully
impregnated
,
which
then
must
be
distilled
in
an
Alembick
with
a
refrigeratory
or
Copper
Still
with
a
worm
;
let
the
spirit
which
swims
on
the
water
be
separated
,
and
the
water
kept
for
a
new
inf●sion
.
This
kind
of
spirit
may
be
made
by
bruising
the
Roses
with
Salt
,
or
laying
a
lane
of
Roses
and
another
of
Salt
,
and
so
keeping
them
half
a
year
or
more
,
which
then
must
be
distilled
in
as
much
common
water
,
or
Rose
water
as
is
sufficient
.
Oils
are
made
out
of
seeds
thus
.
Take
of
what
seeds
you
please
,
bruised
,
two
pound
,
of
spring
water
twenty
pints
,
let
them
be
macerated
for
the
space
of
24.
hours
,
and
then
be
distilled
in
a
copper
Still
with
a
worm
,
or
Alembick
with
its
refrigerating
.
The
oil
extracted
with
the
water
,
being
separated
with
a
tunnell
,
keep
the
water
for
a
new
Distillation
.
This
Water
after
three
or
four
distillations
is
a
very
excellent
water
,
and
better
then
is
drawn
any
way
out
of
that
vegetable
whereof
these
are
seeds
;
I
mean
for
vertue
,
though
not
always
for
smell
.
After
the
same
manner
are
made
oils
out
of
spices
,
and
aromaticall
woods
.
Oils
are
made
out
of
Berries
thus
.
Take
of
what
Berries
you
please
,
being
fresh
25.
pound
,
bruise
them
and
put
them
into
a
wooden
vessell
with
12
pints
of
spring
water
,
and
a
pound
of
the
strongest
leaven
;
let
them
be
put
in
a
cellar
(
the
vessel
being
close
stopped
)
for
the
space
of
three
months
,
then
let
them
be
distilled
in
an
Alembick
,
or
copper
Still
with
their
refrigeratory
,
with
as
much
spring
water
as
is
sufficient
.
After
the
separation
of
the
oil
,
let
the
water
be
kept
for
a
new
distillation
.
Note
that
the
water
being
used
in
two
or
three
Distillations
is
a
very
excellent
water
,
and
full
of
the
vertue
of
the
Berries
.
Oil
is
made
out
of
any
solid
Wood
thus
.
Take
of
what
Wood
you
please
,
made
into
gross
powder
,
as
much
as
you
will
,
let
it
be
put
into
a
Retort
,
and
distilled
in
sand
.
The
oil
which
first
distils
,
as
being
the
thinner
and
sweeter
,
must
be
kept
apart
;
which
with
rectifying
with
much
water
may
yet
be
made
more
pleasant
;
the
acid
water
or
spirit
,
which
in
distilling
comes
first
forth
,
being
separated
;
which
also
(
being
rectified
from
the
flegm
with
the
heat
of
a
Balneum
)
may
be
kept
for
use
,
being
full
of
the
vertue
of
the
wood
.
After
the
same
manner
are
made
the
oil
and
spirit
of
Tartar
;
but
thus
much
note
,
that
both
are
more
pure
and
pleasant
being
made
out
of
the
Crystals
,
then
out
of
the
crude
Tartar
.
To
make
a
most
excellent
oil
out
of
any
Wood
or
Gummes
in
a
short
time
,
without
much
cost
.
Take
of
what
Wood
you
please
,
or
Gumme
bruised
small
,
put
it
into
a
vessel
fit
for
it
,
then
pour
on
so
much
of
spirit
of
salt
as
will
cover
your
matter
,
then
set
it
in
sand
with
an
Alembick
,
make
the
spirit
boil
,
so
all
the
oil
flyeth
over
with
a
little
flegm
,
for
the
spirit
of
salt
by
its
sharpnesse
freeth
the
oil
,
so
that
it
flyeth
over
very
easily
.
The
spirit
of
salt
being
rectified
may
serve
again
.
To
make
vegetables
yeeld
their
oil
easily
.
Distill
them
being
first
bruised
,
in
salt
water
,
for
salt
freeth
the
oil
from
its
body
:
Let
them
first
be
macerated
three
or
four
days
in
the
said
water
.
Oil
or
Spirit
of
Turpentine
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
Venice
Turpentine
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
of
spring
water
four
times
as
much
,
let
them
be
put
into
an
Alembick
,
or
copper
Still
with
its
refrigeratory
,
then
put
fire
under
it
:
so
there
will
distil
a
thin
white
oil
like
water
,
and
in
the
bottom
of
the
vessel
wil
remain
a
hard
gum
called
Colophonia
,
which
is
called
boiled
Turpentine
:
That
white
oil
may
be
better
and
freer
from
the
smell
of
the
fire
if
it
be
drawn
in
Balneo
,
with
a
gourd
,
and
glass
head
.
Common
oil
Olive
may
be
distilled
after
this
manner
,
and
be
made
very
pleasant
and
sweet
,
also
most
unctious
things
,
as
Sperma
ceti
.
Oil
of
Gums
,
Refines
,
fat
and
oily
things
,
may
be
drawn
thus
.
Take
of
either
of
these
which
you
please
,
being
melted
,
a
pound
,
mix
it
with
three
pound
of
the
powder
of
tiles
,
or
unslaked
lime
;
put
them
into
a
Retort
,
and
extract
an
oil
,
which
with
plenty
of
water
may
be
rectified
.
Note
that
the
water
from
whence
the
oil
is
separated
,
is
of
excellent
vertue
;
according
to
the
nature
of
the
matter
from
whence
it
is
drawn
.
Oil
of
Camphire
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
Camphire
sliced
thin
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
put
it
into
a
double
quantity
of
Aqua
fortis
or
spirit
of
Wine
,
let
the
glasse
having
a
narrow
neck
,
be
set
by
the
fire
,
or
on
sand
or
ashes
the
space
of
five
or
six
hours
,
shaking
the
glasse
every
half
hour
,
and
the
Camphire
will
all
be
dissolved
and
swim
on
the
Aqua
fortis
,
or
spirit
of
Wine
like
an
oil
.
Note
that
if
you
separate
it
,
it
will
all
be
hard
ag●in
presently
,
but
not
otherwise
.
Another
way
to
make
Oile
of
Camphire
,
that
it
shall
not
be
reduced
again
.
Take
of
Camphire
powdered
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
put
it
into
a
glass
like
a
Urinal
,
put
upon
it
another
Urinal-glass
inverted
,
the
joints
being
close
shut
sublime
it
in
ashes
,
inverting
those
Urinals
so
often
till
the
Camphire
be
turned
into
an
oil
,
then
circulate
it
for
the
space
of
a
month
,
and
it
wil
be
so
subtle
that
it
will
all
presently
vapour
away
in
the
air
,
if
the
glass
be
open
.
Another
way
to
make
oil
of
Camphire
.
Take
two
ounces
of
Camphire
,
dissolve
it
in
four
ounces
or
pure
oil
olive
,
then
put
them
into
four
pints
of
fair
water
,
disti●
them
all
together
in
a
glass
gourd
,
either
in
ashes
or
Balneo
,
and
there
will
distil
both
water
and
oil
,
which
separate
and
keep
by
it self
.
All
these
kinds
of
oil
of
Camphire
are
very
good
against
putrefaction
,
fits
of
the
Mother
,
passions
of
the
heart
,
&c.
A
few
drops
thereof
may
be
taken
in
any
liquor
,
or
the
brest
be
anointed
therewith
:
Also
the
fume
thereof
may
be
taken
in
at
the
mouth
.
A
true
Oil
of
Sugar
.
Take
of
the
best
white
Sugar-candie
,
imbibe
it
with
the
best
spirit
of
Wine
ten
times
,
after
every
time
drying
it
again
,
then
hang
it
in
a
white
silken
bag
in
a
moist
cellar
over
a
glass
vessell
that
it
may
dissolve
,
and
drop
into
it
.
Evaporate
the
water
in
Balneo
,
and
in
the
bottome
will
the
oil
remain
.
This
is
very
excellent
in
all
distempers
of
the
Lungs
.
Oil
of
Amber
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
yellow
Amber
one
part
,
of
the
powder
of
flints
calcined
,
or
the
powder
of
tiles
two
parts
;
mingle
them
,
and
put
them
into
a
Retort
,
and
distill
them
in
sand
;
The
oil
which
is
white
,
and
clear
,
which
first
distilled
off
,
keep
by
it self
,
continuing
the
Distillation
as
long
as
any
oyl
distils
off
,
then
let
both
oyls
be
rectified
apart
in
a
good
quantity
of
water
.
The
salt
of
Amber
,
which
adheres
to
the
neck
of
the
Retort
within
side
,
being
gathered
let
be
purified
by
solution
,
filtration
,
and
coagulation
according
to
art
,
and
be
kept
for
use
.
After
this
manner
may
be
made
Oyls
out
of
any
gums
which
may
be
powdered
.
Oyl
of
Myrrhe
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
Myrrhe
bruised
,
of
Bay-salt
,
of
each
six
pound
,
let
them
be
dissolved
in
sixty
pints
of
spring
water
and
be
distilled
in
an
Alembick
,
or
Copper
Still
according
to
Art
.
Oyl
of
Myrrhe
per
deliquium
,
or
by
dissolution
,
is
made
thus
.
Take
Hen-egs
boiled
hard
,
and
cut
in
the
middle
length-ways
,
take
out
the
yelks
,
then
fill
up
the
hollow
half
way
with
powder
of
Myrrhe
,
and
join
the
parts
together
again
binding
them
with
a
thread
,
and
so
set
them
upon
a
grate
betwixt
two
platters
in
a
cold
moist
place
,
so
the
liquor
of
the
Myrrhe
dissolved
will
distill
into
the
lower
platter
.
Oil
of
Tartar
per
deliquium
,
i.
e.
by
dissolution
.
Take
of
the
best
Tartar
calcined
white
according
to
Art
,
put
it
into
a
cotten
bag
,
hang
it
in
the
cellar
or
some
moist
place
,
putting
under
a
Receiver
.
Oyls
by
Expression
are
made
thus
.
Take
of
what
things
you
please
,
such
as
will
afford
an
oyl
by
expression
,
bruise
them
,
then
put
them
into
a
bag
,
and
press
them
strongly
,
putting
a
vessel
under
to
receive
the
oyl
.
Note
that
they
must
stand
in
the
Press
some
hours
,
because
the
oyl
drops
by
little
and
little
.
Note
also
that
if
you
warm
them
before
you
put
them
into
the
Press
they
will
yeeld
more
oyl
,
but
then
it
will
not
keep
good
so
long
as
otherwise
.
After
this
manner
are
made
oyls
of
-
Nutmegs
,
-
Mace
,
-
Almonds
,
-
Linseed
,
-
and
such
like
.
A
vomiting
and
purging
Oil
made
by
expression
.
Take
of
the
Berries
of
Ebulus
or
Dwarfe
Elder
,
as
many
as
you
please
,
let
them
be
dryed
but
not
over-much
,
then
bruise
them
,
and
in
bruising
them
moisten
them
with
the
best
spirit
of
Wine
,
untill
they
begin
to
be
oily
;
then
warm
them
by
the
fire
,
and
press
forth
the
oil
,
and
set
it
in
the
sun
to
be
purified
.
Ten
drops
of
this
oil
taken
inwardly
worketh
upward
and
downward
,
and
is
very
good
against
the
dropsie
,
and
all
waterish
diseases
.
The
belly
being
therewith
anointed
,
is
made
thereby
soluble
.
Any
part
that
is
much
pained
with
the
gout
or
any
such
grief
,
is
presently
eased
by
being
anointed
with
this
oil
.
Oil
of
Jasmine
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
flowers
of
Jasmine
,
as
many
as
you
please
,
put
them
into
as
much
sweet
mature
oil
as
you
please
,
put
them
into
a
glass
close
stopt
,
and
set
them
into
the
Sun
to
be
infused
for
the
space
of
twenty
dayes
,
then
take
them
out
and
strain
the
oil
from
the
flowers
:
and
if
thou
wouldst
have
the
oil
yet
stronger
,
put
in
new
flowers
and
do
as
before
.
This
is
a
pleasant
perfume
,
and
being
mixt
with
oils
and
ointments
,
gives
them
a
gratefull
smell
:
It
is
also
used
in
the
perfuming
of
Leather
.
After
this
manner
may
be
made
oil
of
any
flowers
,
but
because
I
shall
keep
my self
to
the
Art
of
Distillation
only
,
I
shal
not
so
far
digress
as
to
speak
of
these
kinds
of
oils
:
only
I
thought
good
to
set
down
the
oil
of
Jasmine
because
by
reason
of
its
fragrancy
it
hath
some
analogie
with
Chymicall
oils
that
are
made
by
Distillation
.
To
make
any
Oil
or
Water
per
descensum
.
Take
an
earthen
gourd
,
fill
it
full
with
wood
or
hearbs
,
or
what
you
please
,
being
cut
small
,
then
invert
it
,
i
e.
turn
it
upside
down
,
and
set
it
in
the
furnace
,
lute
it
well
thereunto
,
then
set
another
gourd
of
earth
under
it
with
a
wider
mouth
that
the
uppermost
may
goe
into
it
,
before
you
put
the
one
into
the
other
,
you
must
have
a
little
vessell
or
instrument
of
Tin
with
brims
round
about
on
the
top
,
by
which
it
must
hang
into
the
lower
gourd
,
the
body
thereof
being
2
or
3
inches
deep
,
and
full
of
holes
,
that
the
oyl
or
water
may
drop
through
,
and
not
the
vegetable
it self
.
Into
this
Instrument
being
first
set
into
the
lower
gourd
,
put
the
mouth
of
the
upper
gourd
,
then
make
thy
fire
on
the
top
,
and
keep
it
burning
as
long
as
any
liquor
will
drop
.
Ths
Figure
of
this
furnace
is
thus
.
A
,
Signifies
the
gourd
containing
the
matter
to
be
distilled
.
B
,
The
Furnace
containing
the
Coals
,
so
that
they
surround
the
upper
gourd
.
C
,
The
lower
gourd
or
recipient
set
upon
straw-rings
.
D
,
The
vessell
of
Tin
with
holes
and
brims
,
which
must
be
set
in
the
Recipient
.
How
to
make
an
Oyl
and
Water
out
of
Soot
.
This
may
be
distilled
per
descensum
,
or
by
retort
,
as
thus
,
viz.
Take
of
the
best
Soot
(
which
shines
like
Jet
)
fill
with
it
a
glass
Retort
coated
,
or
earthen
Retort
to
the
neck
,
distil
it
with
a
strong
fire
by
degrees
into
a
large
Receiver
,
and
there
will
come
forth
a
yellowish
spirit
with
a
black
oyl
,
which
thou
mayest
separate
and
digest
.
How
to
rectifie
Spirits
.
You
must
set
them
in
the
Sun
in
glasses
well
stopped
,
and
half
filled
,
being
set
in
sand
to
the
third
part
of
their
eight
that
the
water
waxing
hot
by
the
heat
of
the
Sun
may
separate
it self
from
the
flegm
mixed
therewith
,
which
will
be
performed
in
in
twelve
or
fifteen
days
.
There
is
another
better
way
to
doe
this
,
which
is
to
distill
them
again
in
Balneo
with
a
gentle
fire
,
or
if
you
wil
put
them
into
a
retort
furnished
with
its
receiver
,
and
set
them
upon
crystal
or
iron
bowls
,
or
in
an
iron
mortar
directly
opposite
to
the
beams
of
the
Sun
,
as
you
may
learn
by
these
ensuing
signs
.
Retort
with
its
Receiver
standing
upon
Crystal
bowls
just
opposite
to
the
Sun
beams
.
Another
Retort
with
its
Receiver
standing
in
a
Marble
or
Iron
mortar
,
directly
opposite
to
the
Sun
.
A
,
Shews
the
Retort
.
B
,
The
Receiver
.
C
,
The
Crystal-Bowls
.
A
,
Shews
the
Retort
.
B
,
The
Marble
or
Iron
Mortar
.
C
,
The
Receiver
.
How
to
rectifie
all
stinking
,
thick
black
Oils
that
are
made
by
a
Retort
,
and
to
take
away
their
stink
.
Take
oyl
of
Amber
,
or
any
such
stinking
oil
,
put
it
into
a
glass
Retort
,
the
fourth
part
only
being
full
,
pour
on
it
drop
by
drop
the
spirit
of
Salt
,
(
or
any
other
acid
spirit
)
and
they
will
boil
together
;
and
when
so
much
of
the
spirit
is
poured
on
that
it
boileth
no
more
,
then
cease
and
distill
it
.
First
cometh
over
a
stinking
water
,
then
a
clear
white
well
smelling
oyl
,
and
after
that
a
yellow
oyl
which
is
indifferent
good
:
but
the
spirit
of
Salt
hath
lost
its
sharpness
:
the
volatile
salt
of
the
oyl
remaineth
coagulated
with
the
spirit
of
Salt
,
and
is
black
,
and
tasteth
like
salt
Armoniack
,
and
hath
no
smell
being
sublimed
from
it
.
Now
the
reason
of
all
this
is
,
because
the
volatile
salt
of
the
oyl
which
is
the
ca●se
of
the
stink
thereof
,
is
fixed
by
the
acid
spirit
of
the
Salt
:
for
acid
Spirits
,
and
volatile
Salts
,
are
contrary
the
one
to
the
other
;
and
spirit
of
Urine
or
any
volatile
Salt
,
will
precipitate
any
metall
as
well
as
salt
of
Tartar
.
These
oyls
will
remain
clear
,
and
have
far
more
vertue
,
then
the
ordinary
sort
of
oyls
have
.
As
for
common
ordinary
distilled
oyls
,
they
need
not
,
if
they
be
well
separated
from
the
water
with
which
they
were
distilled
,
any
rectifying
at
all
:
and
if
you
goe
about
to
rectifie
them
,
you
will
lose
good
part
of
them
,
and
make
that
which
remains
not
at
all
the
better
.
But
if
there
be
any
better
then
another
for
rectifying
of
them
it
is
by
digestion
,
by
which
means
there
will
be
a
separation
of
what
is
flegmatick
which
you
may
separate
afterwards
,
and
by
this
means
you
shall
lose
none
of
the
oyls
.
Of
Compound
Waters
and
Spirits
.
BOOK
II.
A
Dissolving
Menstruum
.
TAke
Cyprus
,
Turpentine
,
and
the
best
spirit
of
wine
,
of
each
two
pound
,
distill
them
in
a
glass
gourd
either
in
Balneo
or
Ashes
.
Separate
the
oil
from
the
spirit
with
a
tunnel
or
separating
glass
,
distill
the
spirit
agaim
,
and
so
often
untill
it
favour
no
more
of
the
oyl
of
Turpentine
,
and
then
it
is
sufficiently
prepared
.
This
Menstruum
dissolves
any
hard
stones
presently
,
and
extracts
the
tincture
of
Corall
.
A
Glass
Gourd
with
its
head
.
Another
dissolving
Menstruum
or
acetum
Philosophicum
.
Take
Honey
,
Salt
melted
,
of
each
a
pound
,
of
the
strongest
spirit
of
Vineger
two
pound
;
digest
them
for
the
space
of
a
fortnight
,
or
more
,
then
distill
them
in
ashes
,
Cohobate
the
Liquor
upon
the
feces
three
or
four
times
,
then
rectifie
the
spirit
.
Note
that
they
must
be
done
in
a
large
glass
Gourd
.
This
is
of
the
same
vertue
as
the
former
,
if
not
more
powerfull
.
Another
dissolving
Menstruum
.
Take
of
the
best
rectified
Spirit
of
Wine
,
with
which
imbibe
the
strongest
unslaked
lime
,
until
they
be
made
into
a
paste
;
then
put
them
into
a
glass
gourd
and
distill
off
the
spirit
in
ashes
:
This
spirit
pour
on
more
fresh
Lime
,
and
doe
as
before
,
do
this
three
or
four
times
,
and
thou
shalt
have
a
very
subtile
spirit
able
to
dissolve
most
things
,
and
to
extract
the
vertue
out
of
them
.
Paracelsus
his
Elixir
Subtilitatis
.
Take
oil
Olive
,
Honey
,
rectified
spirit
of
Wine
,
of
each
a
pint
,
distill
them
all
together
in
ashes
,
then
separate
all
the
flegm
from
the
oyls
,
which
will
be
distinguished
by
many
colours
,
put
all
these
colours
into
a
Pelican
,
and
adde
to
them
the
third
part
of
the
Essence
of
Balm
,
and
Sallendine
,
digest
them
for
the
space
of
a
month
.
Then
keep
it
for
use
.
This
Liquor
is
so
subtile
that
it
penetrateth
every
thing
.
Vsque-bath
,
or
Irish
Aqua
vitae
,
is
made
thus
.
Take
a
Gallon
of
smal
Aqua
vitae
,
put
it
into
a
glass
vessel
;
put
thereto
a
quart
of
Canary
sack
,
two
pound
of
Raisins
of
the
Sun
stoned
,
but
not
washed
,
two
ounces
of
Dates
stoned
,
and
the
white
skins
thereof
pulled
out
,
two
ounces
of
Cinnamon
grossely
bruised
,
four
good
Nutmegs
bruised
,
an
ounce
of
the
best
English
Licorish
sliced
,
and
bruised
,
stop
the
vessels
very
close
,
and
let
them
infuse
in
a
cold
place
six
or
eight
days
,
then
let
the
Liquor
run
through
a
bag
called
Manica
Hippoeratis
,
made
of
white
cotton
.
This
Liquor
is
commonly
used
in
surfets
,
being
a
good
Stomach
water
.
Aqua
Celestis
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
-
Cinamon
-
Cloves
-
Nutmegs
-
Ginger
-
Zedoary
-
Galingall
-
Long-pepper
-
Citron-pill
-
Spicknard
-
Lignum-aloes
-
Cububs
-
Cardamums
-
Calamus
aromaticus
-
Germander
-
Ground-pine
-
Mace
-
White
Frankincense
-
Tormentill
-
Hermodactyls
-
the
pith
of
Dwarf
Elder
-
Juniper
Berries
-
Bay
Berries
-
the
seeds
and
flowers
of
Motherwort
-
the
seeds
of
Smallage
-
Fennell
-
Annise
-
the
leaves
of
Sorrell
-
Sage
-
Felwort
-
Rosemary
-
Marjoram
-
Mints
-
Penny-royall
-
Stechados
-
the
flowers
of
Elder
-
Roses
red
-
white
-
of
the
leaves
of
Scabious
-
Rue
-
the
lesser
Moonwort
-
Egrimonie
-
Centory
-
Fumitary
-
Pimpernell
-
Sowthistle
-
Eye-bright
-
Maiden-hair
-
Endive
-
Red
Saunders
-
Aloes
,
of
each
two
ounces
-
Pure
Amber
-
the
best
Rhubarb
,
of
each
two
Drams
.
-
dryed
Figs
-
Raisins
of
the
Sun
-
Dates
,
stoned
-
Sweet-Almonds
-
Grains
of
the
Pine
,
of
each
an
ounce
.
Of
the
best
Aqua
vitae
to
the
quantity
of
them
all
,
of
the
best
hard
Sugar
a
pound
,
of
white
Honey
half
a
pound
,
then
adde
-
the
root
of
Gentian
-
flowers
of
Rosemary
-
Pepper-wort
,
-
the
root
of
Briony
-
Sowbread
-
Wormwood
,
of
each
half
an
ounce
.
Now
before
these
are
distilled
,
quench
gold
being
made
red
hot
oftentimes
in
the
foresaid
water
,
put
therein
oriental
Pearls
beaten
small
an
ounce
,
and
then
distil
it
after
24
hours
infusion
.
This
is
a
very
Cordiall
water
,
good
against
faintings
and
infection
.
Aqua
imperialis
is
made
thus
.
-
Take
of
the
rind
of
Citrons
dryed
-
Take
of
the
rind
of
Oranges
.
dryed
-
Nutmeg
-
Cloves
-
Cinnamon
,
of
each
two
ounces
.
-
the
roots
of
Flower-de-luce
-
Cyprus
-
Calamus
aromaticus
-
Zedoary
-
Galingall
-
Ginger
,
of
each
half
a
pound
.
-
of
the
tops
of
Lavender
-
Rosemary
,
of
each
two
handfull
,
-
the
leaves
of
the
Bay-tree
-
Marjoram
-
Balm
-
Mints
-
Sage
-
Thyme
-
flower
of
Roses
white
-
Damask
,
of
each
half
a
handfull
-
Rose-water
four
pints
-
the
best
White-wine
a
gallon
.
Bruise
what
must
be
bruised
,
then
infuse
them
all
24
▪
hours
,
after
which
distill
them
.
This
is
of
the
same
vertue
as
the
former
.
Aqua
Mirabilis
is
made
thus
.
-
Take
of
Cloves
-
Galingall
-
Cubebs
-
Mace
-
Cardamums
-
Nutmegs
-
Ginger
of
each
a
dram
-
the
juice
of
Salendine
half
a
pint
-
Spirit
of
Wine
a
pint
-
White-wine
three
pints
.
Infuse
all
these
24
hours
,
and
then
distill
off
two
pints
by
an
Alembick
.
This
water
is
very
good
against
wind
in
the
stomach
and
head
.
Dr.
Stephens
water
is
made
thus
.
Take
a
Gallon
of
-
Gascoign
Wine
-
Ginger
-
Galingale
-
Cinnamon
-
Nutmegs
-
Grains
-
Anniseeds
-
Fennell
seeds
-
Carroway
seeds
,
of
each
a
dram
.
-
Sage
-
Red
Mints
-
Red
Roses
-
Thyme
-
Pellitory
-
Rosemary
-
Wild
Thyme
-
Camomil
-
Lavender
,
of
each
a
handfull
.
Beat
the
spices
small
and
bruife
the
Hearbs
,
letting
them
macerate
twelve
hours
stirring
them
now
and
then
,
distill
them
by
an
Alembick
or
copper
Still
with
its
refrigeratory
,
keep
the
first
pint
by
it self
,
and
the
second
by
it self
.
Note
that
the
first
pint
will
be
the
hotter
,
but
the
second
the
stronger
of
the
ingredients
.
This
water
is
well
known
to
comfort
all
the
principal
parts
.
A
famous
Surfet
Water
.
Take
of
red
Poppie
cakes
(
after
the
water
hath
been
distilled
from
them
in
a
cold
Stil
)
not
over
dryed
two
pound
,
pour
upon
them
of
the
water
of
red
Poppie
a
gallon
and
〈◊〉
,
Canary
wine
three
pints
;
adde
to
them
of
Coriander
seeds
bruised
four
ounces
,
of
Dill
seed
bruised
two
ounces
,
of
cloves
bruised
half
an
ounce
,
of
Nutmegs
sliced
an
ounce
,
of
Rosemary
a
handful
,
three
Orenges
cut
in
the
middle
,
distill
them
in
a
hot
Still
;
to
the
water
put
the
juice
of
six
Orenges
,
and
hang
in
it
half
an
ounce
of
Nutmegs
sliced
,
and
as
much
Cinamon
bruised
,
two
drams
of
cloves
,
a
handfull
of
Rosemary
cut
small
,
sweet
Fennell
seeds
bruised
an
ounce
,
of
Raisins
in
the
Sun
stoned
,
half
a
pound
,
being
all
put
into
a
bag
which
may
be
hanged
in
the
Water
(
the
vessell
being
close
stopt
)
the
space
of
a
month
,
and
then
be
taken
out
,
and
cast
away
,
the
Liquor
thereof
being
first
pressed
out
into
the
foresaid
Water
.
This
Water
is
of
wonderfull
vertue
in
Surfets
and
Pleurisies
,
composeth
the
Spirits
,
causeth
rest
,
helpeth
digestion
if
two
or
three
or
four
ounces
thereof
be
drunk
,
and
the
patient
compose
himself
to
rest
.
A
Pectorall
Water
.
Distill
green
hysop
in
a
cold
Still
till
you
have
a
gallon
and
half
of
the
Water
,
to
this
put
four
handfull
of
dryed
Hysop
,
a
handfull
of
Rue
,
as
much
of
Rosemary
,
and
Hore-hound
,
Elecampanie-root
bruised
,
and
of
Horse-radish
root
bruised
,
of
each
four
ounces
,
of
Tobacco
in
the
leaf
three
ounces
,
Anniseed
bruised
two
ounces
,
two●quarts
of
Canary
wine
,
let
them
all
stand
in
digestion
two
days
,
then
distill
them
,
and
in
the
water
that
is
distilled
put
half
a
pound
of
Raisins
of
the
Sun
stoned
,
of
Licorish
two
ounces
,
sweet
Fennel
seeds
bruised
two
ounces
and
a
half
,
Ginger
sliced
an
ounce
and
a
half
,
and
let
them
be
infused
in
Frigido
the
space
of
ten
days
,
then
take
them
out
.
This
water
sweetned
with
Sugar-candie
and
drunk
to
the
quantity
of
three
or
four
ounces
twice
in
a
day
,
is
very
good
for
those
that
are
ptificall
,
it
strengtheneth
the
Lungs
,
attenuates
thick
flegm
,
opens
obstructions
,
and
is
very
good
to
comfort
the
stomach
.
A
very
excellent
water
against
the
worms
.
Take
of
Wormseed
bruised
eight
ounces
,
the
shavings
of
Harts
horne
two
ounces
,
of
Peach
flowers
dryed
an
ounce
,
of
Aloes
bruised
half
an
ounce
,
pour
on
these
the
water
of
Tansie
,
Rue
,
Peach
flowers
,
and
of
Wormwood
of
each
a
pint
and
half
,
let
them
being
put
into
a
glass
vessell
,
be
digested
the
space
of
three
dayes
,
then
distill
them
;
cohobate
this
water
three
times
.
This
water
is
very
excellent
against
the
worms
;
it
may
be
given
from
half
an
ounce
to
three
ounces
,
according
to
the
age
of
the
patient
.
A
Water
against
the
Convulsions
.
Take
of
Ros
vitrioli
(
which
is
that
water
that
is
distilled
from
Vitriall
in
the
calcining
thereof
)
two
quarts
,
in
this
put
of
Rue
a
handfull
,
of
Juniper
berries
bruised
an
ounce
,
of
Bay
berries
bruised
half
an
ounce
,
Piony
berries
bruised
six
drams
,
Camphire
two
drams
,
Rhubarb
sliced
an
ounce
;
digest
these
four
days
in
a
temperate
Balneo
,
then
distill
them
in
a
glass
vessel
in
ashes
,
and
there
will
come
over
a
water
of
no
small
vertue
.
It
cures
convulsions
in
children
especially
,
it
helps
also
the
Vertigo
,
the
Hystericall
passion
,
and
Epilepsie
,
it
is
very
excellent
against
all
offensive
vapours
and
wind
that
annoys
the
head
and
stomach
.
It
may
be
taken
from
two
drams
to
two
ounces
.
An
Hydropicall
water
.
Take
of
Wormwood
,
Broom
blossomes
,
of
each
a
like
quantity
,
bruise
them
,
and
mix
with
them
some
leaven
,
and
let
them
stand
in
fermentation
in
a
cold
place
the
space
of
a
week
,
then
distill
them
in
a
cold
Still
till
they
be
very
dry
:
Take
a
gallon
of
this
water
,
and
half
a
gallon
of
the
Spirit
of
Urine
,
pour
them
upon
two
pound
of
dryed
Broom
blossoms
,
half
a
pound
of
Horse
Radish
roots
dryed
,
three
ounces
of
the
best
Rhubarb
sliced
,
two
ounces
of
sweet
Fennell
seed
bruised
,
and
an
ounce
and
an
half
of
Nutmegs
:
let
them
digest
a
week
being
put
into
a
glass
vessell
,
in
a
temperate
Balneo
;
then
press
the
Liquor
hard
from
the
feces
,
put
this
Liquor
in
the
said
vessell
again
,
and
to
it
put
three
ounces
of
sweet
Fennel
seeds
bruised
,
Licorish
sliced
two
ounces
,
digest
them
in
a
gentle
heat
the
space
of
a
week
,
then
pour
it
off
from
the
feces
,
and
keep
it
close
stopt
.
This
water
being
drank
from
the
quantity
of
an
ounce
to
four
ounces
every
morning
,
and
at
four
of
the
clock
in
the
afternoon
,
doth
seldome
fail
in
curing
the
dropsie
;
it
strengtheneth
also
the
Liver
,
is
very
good
against
gravel
in
the
back
,
stone
,
cures
the
Scurvy
,
Gout
,
and
such
diseases
as
proceed
from
the
weakness
and
obstructions
of
the
Liver
.
A
Water
against
the
Colick
.
-
Take
of
-
Aniseed
three
ounces
.
-
Cummin
seed
three
drams
.
-
Cinnamon
half
an
ounce
.
-
Mace
.
-
Cloves
.
-
Nutmeg
,
of
each
a
dram
.
-
Galingall
,
three
drams
.
-
Calamus
Aromaticus
dryed
,
half
an
ounce
.
-
The
dryed
rind
of
Orenges
,
two
ounces
.
-
Bay
berries
,
half
an
ounce
.
Let
all
these
being
bruised
,
be
macerated
in
six
pints
of
Mallago
wine
48
hours
,
then
be
distilled
in
Balneo
till
all
be
dry
.
This
water
being
dranke
to
the
quantity
of
an
ounce
or
two
at
a
time
doth
ease
the
gripings
of
the
belly
and
stomach
,
very
much
.
A
Water
against
the
Vertigo
,
and
Convulsions
.
Take
of
black
cherries
bruised
with
their
kernels
,
a
gallon
,
of
the
flowers
of
Lavander
three
handful
,
half
an
ounce
of
white
Mustard
seed
bruised
,
mix
these
together
,
then
put
some
ferment
to
them
and
let
them
stand
close
covered
the
space
of
a
week
,
then
distill
them
in
Balneo
till
all
be
dry
.
This
water
being
dranke
to
the
quantity
of
an
ounce
or
two
or
three
,
doth
much
relieve
the
weaknesse
of
the
head
and
helps
the
Vertigo
thereof
,
as
also
strengthen
the
sinews
and
expell
windiness
out
of
the
head
and
stomach
.
A
compound
Water
of
Burre
root
causing
sweat
.
Take
the
root
of
the
great
Burre
,
fresh
,
-
Swallow
wort
,
-
fresh
,
The
middle
rind
of
the
root
of
the
Ash
tree
,
of
each
two
pound
;
cut
them
small
,
and
infuse
them
24
hours
in
the
best
White
wine
and
Rue
vinegar
,
of
each
five
pints
,
then
distill
them
in
Balneo
til
all
be
dry
,
put
to
the
water
as
much
of
the
Spirit
of
Sulphur
per
Campanam
,
as
wil
give
it
a
pleasant
acidity
,
and
to
every
pint
of
the
water
put
a
scruple
and
a
half
of
Camphire
cut
small
,
and
tyed
up
in
a
bag
,
which
may
continually
hang
in
the
water
.
This
was
a
famous
water
in
Germany
against
the
plague
,
pestilence
and
Epidemical
diseases
:
it
causeth
sweat
wonderfully
if
two
or
three
ounces
thereof
be
drank
and
the
patient
compose
himself
to
sweat
.
Another
excellent
Sudorifick
and
plague
water
.
-
Take
of
-
the
best
spirit
of
Wine
a
gallon
,
-
Andromachus
treacle
,
six
ounces
,
-
Myrrhe
two
ounces
,
-
The
roots
of
Colts-foot
,
three
ounces
,
-
Sperma
Cett
,
-
Terra
Sigillata
,
of
each
half
an
ounce
,
-
The
root
of
swallow
wort
,
an
ounce
,
-
Dittany
,
Pimpernel
,
-
Valerian
root
,
of
each
two
drams
,
-
Camphire
,
a
dram
.
Mix
all
these
together
in
a
glass
vessell
,
and
let
them
stand
close
stopt
the
space
of
eight
dayes
in
the
Sun
.
Let
the
Patient
drink
of
this
a
spoonful
or
two
and
compose
himself
to
sweat
.
Dr.
Burges
his
plague
water
.
Take
three
pints
of
Muscadine
,
and
boil
in
it
Sage
,
and
Rue
of
each
a
handfull
till
a
pint
be
wasted
,
then
strain
it
and
set
it
over
the
fire
again
,
put
therto
a
dram
of
long
Pepper
,
Ginger
and
Nutmeg
of
each
half
an
ounce
being
all
bruised
together
:
then
boil
them
a
little
,
and
put
thereto
half
an
ounce
of
Andromachus
treacle
,
and
three
drams
of
Mithridate
,
and
a
quarter
of
a
pint
of
the
best
Angelica
water
.
This
water
(
which
,
as
saith
the
Author
,
must
be
kept
as
your
life
,
and
above
all
earthly
treasure
)
must
be
taken
to
the
quantity
of
a
spoonful
or
two
morning
and
evening
if
you
be
already
infected
,
and
sweat
thereupon
:
if
you
be
not
infected
,
a
spoonful
is
sufficient
,
half
in
the
morning
and
half
at
night
;
all
the
plague
time
under
God
(
saith
the
Author
)
trust
to
this
,
for
there
was
never
man
,
woman
,
or
child
that
failed
of
their
expectation
in
taking
of
it
:
This
is
also
of
the
same
efficacy
not
only
against
the
plague
,
but
pox
,
measles
,
surfets
,
&c.
Crollius
his
Treacle
water
Camphorated
.
-
Take
of
-
Andromachus
his
Treacle
,
five
ounces
,
-
The
best
Myrrhe
,
two
ounces
,
and
half
,
-
The
best
Saffron
half
an
ounce
,
-
Camphire
two
drams
.
Mix
them
together
,
then
pour
upon
them
ten
ounces
of
the
best
spirit
of
wine
,
and
let
them
stand
24
hours
in
a
warm
place
,
then
distill
them
in
Balneo
with
a
graduall
fire
,
cohobate
the
spirit
three
times
.
This
spirit
causeth
sweat
wonderfully
,
and
resists
all
manner
of
infection
.
It
may
be
taken
from
a
dram
to
an
ounce
in
some
appropriate
Liquor
.
A
distilled
Treakle
Vinegar
.
-
Take
of
-
the
roots
of
-
Bistort
-
Gentian
-
Angelica
-
Tormentill
-
of
each
ten
drams
.
-
Pimpernell
—
-
Bay
berries
-
Juniper
berries
-
of
each
an
ounce
.
-
Nutmeg
,
five
drams
-
The
shavings
of
Sassafras
,
two
ounces
,
-
Zedoary
half
a
dram
,
-
White
Sanders
,
three
drams
,
-
The
leaves
of
-
Rue
-
Wormwood
-
Scordium
-
of
each
half
a
handfull
,
-
The
flowers
of
-
Wall-flower
-
Buglosse
-
of
each
a
handful
and
half
,
-
Andromachus
Treacle
-
Mithridate
-
of
each
six
drams
,
Infuse
them
all
in
three
pints
of
the
best
White
wine
vinegar
the
space
of
eight
dayes
in
Frigido
in
glass
vessels
;
then
distill
them
in
Balneo
.
This
Spirit
is
very
good
to
prevent
them
that
are
free
from
infection
,
and
those
that
are
already
infected
,
from
the
danger
thereof
,
if
two
or
three
spoonful
thereof
be
taken
once
in
a
day
,
with
sweating
after
,
for
those
that
are
infected
,
but
without
sweating
for
others
.
An
excellent
water
against
the
Stone
in
the
Kidneys
.
Take
of
the
middle
rind
of
the
root
of
Ash
bruised
,
two
pound
.
Juniper
berries
bruised
,
three
pound
.
Venice
turpentine
that
is
very
pure
,
2
pound
and
a
half
Put
these
into
twelve
pints
of
spring
water
in
a
glass
vessell
well
closed
,
and
there
let
them
putrifie
in
horse
dung
for
the
space
of
three
months
,
then
distill
them
in
ashes
,
and
there
will
come
forth
an
oil
and
a
water
,
separate
the
one
from
the
other
.
Ten
or
twelve
drops
of
this
oil
being
taken
every
morning
in
four
or
six
spoonfuls
of
the
said
water
dissolves
the
gravell
and
stone
in
the
kidneys
,
most
wonderfully
.
Another
water
for
the
same
use
.
Take
the
juice
of
Radish
,
Lemmons
,
of
each
a
pound
and
half
:
Waters
of
Betony
,
Tansey
,
Saxifrage
,
and
Vervin
,
of
each
a
pint
.
Hydromell
,
and
Malmsey
,
of
each
two
pound
.
In
these
Liquors
mixed
together
,
infuse
for
the
space
of
four
or
five
days
in
a
gentle
Balneo
,
Juniper
berries
ripe
and
newly
gathered
being
bruised
,
three
ounces
:
the
seed
of
Gromel
,
Bur-dock
,
Radish
,
Saxifrage
,
Nettles
,
Onions
,
Anise
,
and
Fennell
,
of
each
an
ounce
and
half
,
the
four
cold
seeds
,
the
seed
of
great
Mallows
,
of
each
six
drams
,
the
Calx
of
Eg-shels
,
Cinnamon
,
of
each
three
drams
,
of
Camphire
two
drams
;
let
all
be
well
strained
and
distilled
in
ashes
.
Two
ounces
of
this
water
taken
every
morning
,
doth
wonderfully
cleanse
the
Kidneys
,
provoke
Urine
,
and
expell
the
Stone
,
especially
if
you
calcine
the
feces
and
extract
the
Salt
thereof
with
the
said
Water
.
To
make
an
excellent
Wound
water
.
Take
Plantain
,
Rib-wort
,
Bone-wort
,
wild
Angelica
,
Red-mints
,
Betony
,
Egrimony
,
Sanacle
,
Blew-bottles
,
White-bottles
,
Scabius
,
Dandelion
,
Avens
,
Honey-suckle
leaves
,
Bramble
buds
,
Hawthorn
buds
and
leaves
;
Mugwort
,
Dasie
roots
,
leaves
,
and
flowers
;
Wormwood
,
Southernwood
,
of
each
one
handfull
:
Boil
all
these
in
a
pottle
of
White
wine
,
and
as
much
Spring
water
,
till
one
half
be
wasted
;
and
when
it
is
thus
boiled
,
strain
it
from
the
hearbs
,
and
put
to
it
half
a
pound
of
hony
,
and
let
it
boil
a
little
after
:
then
put
it
into
bottles
,
and
keep
it
for
your
use
.
Note
that
these
hearbs
must
be
gathered
in
May
only
,
but
you
may
keep
them
dry
,
and
make
your
water
at
any
time
.
This
water
is
very
famous
in
many
Counties
,
and
it
hath
done
such
cures
in
curing
outward
and
inward
Wounds
,
Imposthumes
,
and
Ulcers
,
that
you
would
scarce
beleeve
it
,
if
I
should
recite
them
to
you
:
also
it
is
very
good
to
heal
a
sore
mouth
.
The
Patient
must
take
three
or
four
spoonfuls
thereof
morning
and
evening
,
and
in
a
short
time
he
shall
finde
ease
and
indeed
a
cure
,
unless
he
be
so
farre
declined
as
nothing
almost
can
recover
him
.
If
the
wound
be
outward
it
must
be
washed
therewith
,
and
linnen
cloths
wet
in
the
same
be
applyed
thereto
.
Dr.
Matthias
his
Palsie
water
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
Lavender
flowers
a
gallon
;
pour
upon
them
of
the
best
spirit
of
wine
three
gallons
:
the
vessell
being
close
stopped
let
them
be
macerated
together
in
the
Sun
for
the
space
of
six
days
,
then
distill
them
in
an
Alembick
with
its
refrigeratory
,
then
take
the
flowers
of
-
Sage
-
Rosemary
-
Betony
-
of
each
a
handfull
.
-
Borage
-
Bugloss
-
Lillie
of
the
valley
-
Cowslips
-
of
each
two
handfuls
,
Let
all
the
flowers
be
fresh
and
seasonably
gathered
,
and
macerated
in
a
gallon
of
the
best
spirits
of
Wine
,
and
mixed
with
the
aforesaid
spirit
of
Lavender
,
adding
then
-
the
leaves
of
-
Balm
-
Motherwort
-
Orange
tree
-
newly
gathered
-
the
flowers
of
-
Stechados
-
Oranges
-
Bay
berries
-
of
each
an
ounce
.
After
a
convenient
digestion
let
them
be
distilled
again
,
then
adde
the
outward
rinds
of
Citrons
six
drams
,
-
the
seed
of
Piony
husked
,
six
drams
-
Cinnamon
-
Nutmegs
.
-
Mace
-
Cardamums
-
Cububs
-
of
yellow
Sanders
-
of
each
half
an
ounce
.
-
Lignum
Aloes
,
one
dram
-
the
best
Jujubs
,
the
kernels
taken
out
,
half
a
pound
.
Let
them
be
digested
for
the
space
of
six
week
,
then
strain
and
filtre
the
Liquor
,
to
which
adde
of
-
prepared
Pearl
,
two
drams
.
-
prepared
Emrald
a
scruple
.
-
Amber
Gryse
-
Musk
-
Saffron
-
Red
Roses
-
Sanders
-
of
each
an
ounce
.
-
Yellow
Sanders
-
Rinds
of
Citrons
dryed
-
of
each
a
dram
.
Let
all
these
species
be
tyed
in
a
silken
bag
and
hanged
in
the
foresaid
spirit
.
A
Scorbuticall
water
,
or
a
compound
water
of
Horse
radish
is
made
thus
.
Take
the
leaves
of
both
sorts
of
Scurvie-grass
being
made
very
clean
,
of
each
six
pound
:
let
these
be
bruised
,
and
the
juice
pressed
forth
:
to
which
adde
the
-
Juice
of
-
Brook-lime
-
Water-cresses
-
of
each
half
a
pound
,
-
of
the
best
White
wine
,
eight
pints
.
-
twelve
whole
Lemons
cut
.
-
of
the
fresh
roots
of
-
Briony
four
pound
.
-
Horse
Radish
two
pound
.
-
of
the
bark
of
Winteran
,
half
a
pound
.
-
of
Nutmegs
four
ounces
.
Let
them
be
macerated
three
days
and
distilled
.
Three
or
four
spoonfuls
of
this
water
taken
twice
in
a
day
cures
the
Scurvy
presently
.
Spirit
of
Castor
is
made
thus
.
-
Take
of
-
fresh
Castoreum
two
ounces
-
flowers
of
Lavender
fresh
,
half
an
ounce
-
Sage
-
Rosemary
-
of
each
two
drams
,
-
Cinnamon
three
drams
-
Mace
-
Cloves
-
of
each
a
dram
-
the
best
rectified
Spirit
of
Wine
,
three
pints
.
Let
them
be
digested
in
a
Glass
(
two
parts
of
three
being
empty
)
stopt
close
with
a
bladder
and
Cork
two
dayes
in
warm
ashes
;
then
distill
the
spirit
in
Balneo
,
and
keep
it
in
a
glass
close
stopt
.
If
you
would
make
it
stronger
take
a
pint
of
this
spirit
,
and
an
ounce
of
the
powder
of
Castoreum
,
put
them
into
a
glasse
and
digest
them
into
a
cold
place
for
the
space
of
ten
dayes
,
and
then
strain
out
the
Spirit
.
This
spirit
is
very
good
against
fits
of
the
Mother
,
passions
of
the
heart
which
arise
from
vapours
,
&c.
Bezoard
water
is
made
thus
.
-
Take
of
-
the
leaves
of
the
greater
Sallandine
together
with
the
roots
thereof
,
three
handfuls
and
a
half
.
-
Rue
,
two
handfuls
.
-
Scordium
,
four
handfull
.
-
Dittany
of
Crete
-
Carduus
-
of
each
a
handfull
and
half
.
-
Root
of
-
Zedoary
-
Angelica
-
of
each
three
drams
.
-
The
outward
rind
of
-
Citrons
-
Lemmons
-
of
each
six
drams
.
-
The
flower
of
Wall-gilly-flower
,
an
ounce
and
half
.
-
Red
Roses
-
the
lesser
Centory
-
of
each
two
drams
.
-
Cinnamon
-
Cloves
-
of
each
three
drams
.
-
Andromachus
his
Treacle
,
three
ounces
.
-
Mithridate
,
an
ounce
and
half
.
-
Camphire
,
two
scruples
.
-
Trochisces
of
Vipers
,
two
ounces
.
-
Mace
,
two
drams
.
-
Lignum
aloes
,
half
an
ounce
.
-
Yellow
Sanders
,
a
dram
and
half
.
-
The
seeds
of
-
Carduus
,
an
ounce
.
-
Citron
,
six
drams
.
Cut
those
things
that
are
to
be
cut
,
and
let
them
be
macerated
three
days
in
the
best
Spirit
of
Wine
,
and
Muscadine
,
of
each
three
pints
and
half
,
vinegar
of
Wall
gilly-flowers
,
and
the
juice
of
Lemmons
,
of
each
a
pint
,
let
them
be
distilled
in
a
glazed
vessell
in
Balneo
.
After
half
the
Liquor
is
distilled
off
,
let
that
which
remains
in
the
vessell
be
strained
through
a
linnen
cloth
,
and
vapoured
away
to
the
thickness
of
honey
,
which
may
be
called
A
Bezoard
Extract
.
This
water
is
a
great
Cordial
,
and
good
against
any
infection
.
To
make
a
specificall
Sudorifick
.
Take
of
Ginger
a
pound
,
long
Pepper
,
and
black
Pepper
,
of
each
half
an
ounce
,
of
Cardamums
three
drams
,
of
Grains
an
ounce
,
powder
them
and
put
them
into
a
glass
with
half
an
ounce
of
the
best
Camphire
,
distilled
vinegar
two
pound
,
digest
them
a
month
,
then
separate
the
vinegar
by
expression
,
which
must
putrefie
a
month
,
and
then
be
circulated
for
the
space
of
a
week
,
then
filter
it
,
and
thou
hast
as
powerfull
a
Sudorifick
as
ever
was
or
can
be
made
.
The
dose
is
from
a
dram
to
half
an
ounce
,
and
to
be
drank
in
a
draught
of
posset-drink
.
Treacle-water
is
made
thus
.
-
Take
of
-
the
juice
of
the
green
shales
of
Walnuts
four
pound
.
-
the
juice
of
Rue
,
three
pints
.
-
Carduus
-
Marygold
-
Balm
-
of
each
two
pints
.
-
the
root
of
Butter-burre
fresh
a
pound
and
half
.
-
Burre
-
Angelica
-
Master-wort
-
fresh
,
of
each
half
a
pound
.
-
the
leaves
of
Scordium
,
four
handfull
.
-
old
Andromachus
treacle
-
Mithridate
-
of
each
eight
ounces
.
-
the
best
Canary
,
twelve
pints
.
-
the
sharpest
Vinegar
,
six
pints
.
-
the
juice
of
Lemmons
,
two
pints
.
Digest
them
two
days
in
horse
dung
,
the
vessell
being
close
stopped
;
then
distill
them
in
sand
.
Aqua
Mariae
is
made
thus
.
-
Take
of
-
Sugar
candid
,
one
pound
.
-
Canarie
Wine
,
six
ounces
.
-
Rose
water
,
four
ounces
.
-
Make
of
these
a
Syrup
,
and
boil
it
well
,
to
which
adde
-
of
-
Aqua
Imperialis
,
two
pints
.
-
Amber
gryse
-
Musk
-
of
each
eighteen
grains
.
-
Saffron
,
fifteen
grains
.
-
yellow
Sanders
infused
in
Aqua
Imperialis
,
two
drams
.
The
Mother
water
,
commonly
called
Hystericall
water
,
is
made
thus
.
-
Take
of
-
the
juice
of
the
root
of
Briony
,
four
pound
.
-
the
leaves
of
-
Rue
-
Mugwort
-
of
each
two
pound
.
-
Savin
dryed
,
three
handfull
.
-
Mother-wort
-
Nippe
-
Penny-royall
-
of
each
two
handfull
.
-
Garden
basill
-
Cretensian
Dittany
-
of
each
a
handfull
and
half
.
-
the
rind
of
yellow
Oranges
fresh
,
four
ounces
.
-
Myrrhe
,
two
ounces
.
-
Castoreum
,
an
ounce
.
-
the
best
Canary
wine
,
twelve
pints
.
Let
them
be
digested
four
dayes
in
a
fit
vessell
,
then
distill
them
in
Balneo
.
A
vomiting
water
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
the
best
Tobacco
in
leaves
,
cut
small
,
four
ounces
,
Squils
two
ounces
,
Nutmegs
sliced
half
an
ounce
;
put
these
into
three
pints
of
spring
water
,
a
pint
of
White
wine
vinegar
,
distill
them
in
a
hot
Still
or
Alembick
.
If
thou
wouldst
have
it
stronger
thou
mayest
put
this
water
on
fresh
ingredients
,
and
distill
it
again
.
A
little
quantity
of
this
water
is
a
most
safe
and
effectuall
vomit
,
and
may
be
taken
from
the
eldest
to
the
youngest
,
if
so
be
you
proportion
the
quantity
to
the
strength
of
the
Patient
.
You
may
dulcifie
it
with
sugar
or
syrup
if
you
please
.
A
vomiting
Water
made
by
Platerus
.
Take
green
Walnuts
gathered
about
Midsummer
,
Radish
roots
,
of
each
bruised
two
parts
,
of
distilled
Wine
vinegar
four
parts
,
digest
them
five
dayes
,
then
distill
them
in
Balneo
.
This
being
taken
to
the
quantity
of
two
spoonfull
or
three
causeth
easie
Vomiting
.
A
distilled
water
that
purgeth
without
any
pain
or
griping
.
Take
of
Scammony
an
ounce
,
Hermodactyls
two
ounces
,
the
seeds
of
Broom
,
of
the
lesser
Spurge
,
of
Dwarf
Elder
,
of
each
half
an
ounce
,
the
juice
of
Dwarf
Elder
,
of
wild
Asses
cucumber
,
of
black
Hellebore
,
the
fresh
flower
of
Elder
,
of
each
an
ounce
and
half
,
Polypodium
6
ounces
,
of
Sene
3
ounces
,
Red
sugar
8
ounces
,
common
distilled
Water
6
pints
.
Let
all
these
be
bruised
,
and
infused
in
the
water
24
hours
,
then
be
distilled
in
Balneo
.
This
water
may
be
given
from
2
drams
to
3
ounces
and
it
purgeth
all
manner
of
humours
,
opens
all
obstructions
,
and
is
pleasant
to
be
taken
,
and
they
whose
stomachs
loath
all
other
physick
may
take
this
without
any
offence
.
After
it
is
distilled
there
may
be
hanged
a
little
bag
of
Spices
in
it
,
as
also
it
may
be
sweetned
with
sugar
,
or
any
opening
syrup
.
A
specificall
Liquor
against
the
tooth-ach
.
Take
of
oil
of
Cloves
well
rectified
half
an
ounce
,
in
it
dissolve
half
a
dram
of
Camphire
,
adde
to
them
of
the
Spirit
of
Turpentine
four
times
rectified
,
in
which
half
a
dram
of
Opium
hath
been
infused
,
half
an
ounce
.
A
drop
or
two
of
this
Liquor
put
into
a
hollow
tooth
with
some
lint
easeth
the
tooth-ach
presently
.
Of
MINERALS
.
BOOK
III.
Spirit
of
Salt
is
made
thus
.
TAke
of
the
best
Bay-salt
as
much
as
you
please
,
let
it
be
dissolved
in
spring
water
,
and
filtred
,
mix
with
this
brine
in
a
Copper
vessell
,
of
the
powder
of
Bricks
or
Tiles
twice
or
thrice
as
much
as
the
Salt
before
its
dissolution
was
in
weight
;
let
the
water
vapour
away
over
the
fire
(
continually
stirring
of
it
)
untill
it
be
dry
;
Then
put
this
powder
into
a
glass
Retort
well
luted
,
or
an
earthen
Retort
,
and
put
it
into
a
Furnace
(
a
large
Receiver
joined
to
it
according
to
art
)
then
give
fire
to
it
by
degrees
untill
it
will
bear
an
open
fire
,
for
the
space
of
12
hours
.
Thou
shalt
have
a
very
acid
oil
or
spirit
in
the
Receiver
.
That
Liquor
being
put
into
a
little
Retort
in
sand
may
be
rectified
by
the
vapouring
away
of
the
flegm
;
then
keep
it
for
use
in
a
glass
very
well
stopt
that
no
air
goe
in
.
Spirit
of
Salt
is
very
good
in
Feavers
putrid
,
also
in
Hydropicall
.
A
Retort
and
its
Receiver
before
they
be
set
on
work
.
A
Retort
with
its
Receiver
,
set
on
work
.
Oil
or
Spirit
of
Salt
may
also
be
made
after
this
manner
.
Take
one
part
of
Salt
,
and
three
parts
of
powder
of
Bricks
or
Tiles
,
and
mix
them
together
,
and
put
them
into
a
Retort
either
of
glass
or
earth
,
to
which
put
fire
as
before
.
After
this
manner
you
may
make
oil
or
spirit
of
-
Nitre
-
Salt
Gem
-
Alum
.
Note
that
these
Salts
must
first
be
calcined
,
which
is
done
by
exhaling
their
flegm
.
To
turn
Salt-peter
into
a
water
by
a
meer
digestion
.
Take
of
Salt-peter
powdered
very
small
,
with
it
fill
the
fourth
part
of
a
Bolt-head
,
close
it
well
,
and
let
it
stand
in
the
heat
of
ashes
or
sand
the
space
of
six
weeks
,
and
you
shall
see
good
part
of
it
turned
into
water
,
continue
it
in
the
said
heat
til
it
be
all
dissolved
.
This
is
of
incomparable
use
in
Feavers
and
against
Worms
or
any
putrefaction
in
the
body
,
and
indeed
a
most
rare
secret
.
Spirit
of
Salt-Armoniack
.
Dissolve
Salt-Armoniack
in
distilled
spirit
of
Urine
over
a
moderate
heat
,
in
this
spirit
let
Bricks
beaten
into
small
pieces
and
made
red
hot
be
quenched
,
till
they
have
imbibed
all
the
water
,
then
make
Distillation
in
a
Retort
in
sand
,
or
in
a
naked
fire
.
This
spirit
is
of
greater
strength
then
that
is
of
other
Salts
.
Oil
or
Spirit
of
Vitriall
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
Hungarian
,
or
the
best
English
Vitrial
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
let
it
be
melted
in
an
earthen
vessell
glazed
,
with
a
soft
fire
,
that
all
the
moisture
may
exhale
,
continually
stirring
of
it
,
untill
it
be
brought
into
a
yellow
powder
,
which
must
be
put
into
a
glasse
Retort
well
luted
,
or
an
earthen
Retort
that
will
endure
the
fire
:
Fit
a
large
Receiver
to
the
Retort
and
close
the
joints
wel
together
;
then
give
it
fire
by
degrees
till
the
second
day
,
then
make
the
strongest
heat
you
can
til
the
Receiver
which
before
was
dark
with
fumes
be
clear
again
;
let
the
Liquor
that
is
distilled
off
be
put
into
a
little
Retort
,
and
the
flegm
be
drawn
off
in
sand
,
so
will
the
oil
be
rectified
,
which
is
most
strong
and
ponderous
,
and
must
be
kept
by
it self
.
Many
call
that
flegm
which
is
drawn
off
in
rectifying
the
spirit
of
Vitriall
.
This
oil
or
spirit
is
very
excellent
in
putrid
Feavers
,
resisting
putrefaction
,
also
it
opens
all
obstructions
,
and
is
very
diureticall
.
A
red
and
heavie
oil
of
Vitrial
.
Take
of
calcined
Vitriall
one
part
,
flints
grossely
powdered
two
parts
,
of
these
with
spirit
of
wine
make
a
Paste
,
distill
it
in
a
Retort
,
and
there
will
come
forth
a
red
heavy
oil
.
This
is
to
be
used
rather
about
metals
then
in
the
body
,
only
if
the
scurfe
on
the
head
be
annointed
therewith
two
or
three
times
in
a
week
it
will
fall
off
,
and
the
head
be
cured
.
To
dulcifie
the
Spirit
of
Vitriall
,
and
of
Salt
.
Take
the
spirit
of
Vitriall
,
or
of
Salt
,
the
best
spirit
of
wine
,
of
each
half
a
pound
,
distill
them
in
a
Retort
together
three
or
four
times
,
and
they
will
be
united
inseparably
,
and
become
sweet
.
Some
put
8
ounces
of
the
best
Sugar-candie
to
these
Spirits
before
they
be
thus
distilled
.
Ten
or
twenty
drops
of
this
compound
spirit
being
taken
in
any
appropriated
Liquor
is
very
good
in
any
putrid
or
Epidemicall
disease
.
Gilla
Theophrasti
,
or
a
most-delicate
vomiting
Liquor
made
of
Vitriall
.
Take
of
Crystals
made
out
of
Copper
,
or
Iron
,
dissolve
them
in
the
acid
flegm
that
first
comes
forth
in
the
distilling
of
common
Vitriall
;
circulate
them
eight
days
.
This
Liquor
must
be
taken
in
wine
,
and
it
causes
vomiting
instantly
,
and
is
most
excellent
to
cleanse
and
strengthen
the
stomach
and
to
cure
all
such
distempers
that
arise
from
thence
,
as
salt
defluxions
,
Feavers
,
Worms
,
Head-ach
,
and
Vertigoes
,
the
Hystericall
passion
,
and
such
like
.
The
Dose
is
from
a
scruple
to
two
scruples
.
Oil
of
Sulphur
per
Campanam
.
Take
a
large
iron
vessel
like
a
platter
,
over
it
hang
a
glass
bell
that
hath
a
nose
like
the
head
of
a
cold
stil
,
fil
the
lower
vessel
being
narrower
then
the
compass
of
the
bell
,
or
head
,
with
brim-stone
,
or
sulphur
,
inflame
it
,
so
will
the
fume
which
ariseth
from
thence
be
condensed
in
the
bell
into
a
Liquor
which
will
drop
down
through
the
nose
into
the
Receiver
.
If
in
stead
of
this
broad
vessell
,
you
take
a
large
crucible
and
m●●t
in
it
Salt-peter
,
and
cast
Sulphur
upon
it
thus
meked
,
you
shall
make
a
great
deal
quicker
dispatch
.
This
spirit
is
of
the
same
nature
,
and
hath
the
same
operations
as
oil
of
Vitriall
.
The
Oil
of
Sulphur
is
made
after
a
more
Philosophicall
manner
thus
.
Take
of
crude
Sulphur
as
much
as
you
please
,
put
it
into
a
melting
vessell
to
be
dissolved
over
the
fire
:
being
dissolved
,
pour
it
forth
into
seething
hot
water
(
this
done
ten
or
more
times
,
remembring
that
the
water
must
be
always
seething
hot
)
and
thou
shalt
see
that
the
Sulphur
will
be
like
butter
,
then
put
it
into
a
Retort
,
pouring
on
it
the
best
spirit
of
Wine
,
then
distilling
it
with
a
soft
fire
,
and
there
will
come
forth
an
oil
of
a
golden
colour
,
of
a
good
taste
and
smell
,
which
is
the
true
Balsome
of
Sulphur
.
The
oil
that
swims
on
the
spirit
must
be
separated
.
This
oil
for
the
cure
of
all
distempers
of
the
Lungs
,
for
all
Feavers
whether
putrid
or
pestilentiall
,
and
the
cure
of
wounds
and
Ulcers
,
is
scarce
to
be
equalled
.
The
Essence
of
Sulphur
.
Take
of
Sulphur
vivum
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
dissolve
it
as
well
as
you
can
in
Aqua
fortis
(
made
of
Vitriall
and
Salt-peter
;
)
then
evaporate
the
Aqua
fortis
,
and
then
reverberate
the
matter
till
it
become
very
red
;
Extract
the
tincture
with
spirit
of
Wine
,
then
digest
them
till
the
essence
be
separated
from
the
spirit
like
an
oil
,
and
sink
to
the
bottome
.
This
Essence
also
is
of
wonderfull
vertue
against
all
putrefaction
both
inward
and
outward
,
a
great
preservative
against
the
plague
,
and
is
wonderfull
balsamicall
,
and
cureth
all
sores
both
old
and
new
,
even
to
admiration
.
The
oil
of
Arsenick
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
Crystalline
Arsenick
(
being
first
sublimed
with
Colcothar
alone
as
much
as
you
please
,
mix
it
with
an
equal
weight
of
the
salt
of
Tartar
and
Salt-peter
,
and
let
them
be
betwixt
two
little
pots
or
crucibles
(
whereof
the
upper
hath
a
hole
)
calcined
,
untill
no
fume
ascend
.
The
matter
being
thus
calcined
dissolve
in
warm
water
that
you
may
draw
a
salt
from
thence
;
the
powder
which
fals
to
the
bottome
imbibe
with
the
liquor
of
Tartar
,
and
dry
it
by
the
fire
,
and
this
thou
must
doe
three
times
,
then
dissolve
the
matter
in
warm
water
that
thou
mayest
draw
out
the
Salt
thereof
,
and
there
will
remain
a
most
white
powder
,
and
fixed
,
which
in
a
moist
place
will
be
dissolved
into
a
liquid
matter
like
oil
or
butter
.
Aqua
fortis
or
a
strong
Spirit
(
that
will
dissolve
silver
and
baser
metals
)
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
Vitriall
calcined
two
parts
,
of
Nitre
one
part
,
grind
and
mix
them
well
together
,
and
put
them
into
a
glasse
Retort
coated
,
or
earthen
Retort
that
will
endure
the
fire
,
and
set
them
into
the
Furnace
in
an
open
fire
,
and
then
having
fitted
a
large
Receiver
distill
it
by
degrees
the
space
of
24
hours
,
then
rectifie
the
water
or
spirit
in
sand
.
Aqua
Regia
,
or
Stygia
,
or
a
strong
Spirit
that
will
dissolve
Gold
,
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
Nitre
two
parts
,
Salt
Armoniack
one
part
,
the
powder
of
flints
three
parts
,
put
them
into
a
glass
Retort
coated
,
or
earthen
Retort
that
will
endure
the
fire
,
distill
them
by
degrees
over
a
naked
fire
for
the
space
of
12
hours
,
take
it
out
and
rectifie
it
.
This
water
will
dissolve
gold
.
Another
Aqua
regia
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
spirit
of
Nitre
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
put
a
dram
of
crude
Nitre
to
every
ounce
of
it
,
and
it
will
be
as
strong
as
any
Aqua
regia
.
This
water
will
dissolve
gold
.
To
make
a
most
strong
,
and
vehement
Aqua
fortis
.
Take
of
the
strongest
Aqua
fortis
that
you
can
get
,
and
well
rectified
,
a
pound
,
of
Mercury
sublimed
four
ounces
,
salt
Armoniack
twenty
ounces
,
mix
all
these
together
.
Oil
or
Butter
of
Antimony
,
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
crude
Antimony
as
much
as
you
please
,
of
sublimed
Mercury
a
like
quality
,
make
them
both
into
a
very
fine
powder
and
mix
them
,
and
put
them
into
a
glass
Retort
,
the
neck
whereof
must
be
large
.
Give
fire
by
degrees
in
a
close
reverberatory
,
or
let
the
Distillation
be
made
in
sand
.
There
will
distill
into
the
Receiver
a
fatnesse
;
part
whereof
sticking
to
the
neck
of
the
Retort
will
melt
by
a
light
fire
being
put
to
it
.
That
fatness
may
be
rectified
in
a
Retort
:
and
either
be
kept
by
it self
as
it
is
,
or
set
in
a
cellar
or
moist
place
and
be
resolved
into
a
Liquor
.
This
oil
might
be
washed
in
good
store
of
water
,
and
then
there
will
settle
to
the
bottome
a
white
powder
,
which
being
oft
washed
in
fair
water
till
all
the
sharpness
is
gone
,
is
then
called
Mercurius
vitae
,
six
or
seven
grains
whereof
is
an
excellent
vomiting
medicine
.
A
Furnace
for
a
close
Reverberation
furnished
with
its
Retort
and
Receiver
.
A
,
Shews
the
Furnace
.
B
,
The
Retort
.
C
,
The
Receiver
.
D
,
The
Vessell
filled
with
cold
water
.
How
to
make
a
water
out
of
Antimony
whereof
a
few
drops
shall
purge
,
or
sweat
,
and
which
hath
neither
smell
or
scarce
any
taste
.
Take
flowers
of
Antimony
,
sublime
them
with
salt
Armoniack
six
or
seven
times
,
then
wash
away
the
Salt
with
warm
water
,
and
dry
the
powder
,
which
then
lay
thin
on
a
Marble
in
a
cellar
till
it
be
dissolved
(
which
will
be
in
six
weeks
time
.
)
This
water
if
it
be
taken
to
the
quantity
of
twenty
drops
will
purge
,
if
in
a
lesser
quantity
it
will
sweat
.
To
make
an
oil
or
quintessence
of
Metals
.
Dissolve
what
Metall
,
or
Minerall
you
please
,
in
a
strong
spirit
of
Salt
(
except
silver
which
must
be
dissolved
in
Aqua
fortis
)
draw
off
the
flegm
in
Balneo
,
pour
on
rectified
spirit
of
Wine
,
digest
them
so
long
till
a
red
oil
swim
above
,
which
is
the
quintessence
of
metals
,
and
minerals
,
and
is
a
very
great
secret
.
The
true
Spirit
of
Antimony
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
the
subtile
powder
of
the
Regulus
of
Antimony
as
much
as
you
please
,
sublime
it
of
it self
til
it
wil
sublime
no
more
(
stil
putting
what
is
sublimed
to
that
which
remains
at
the
bottom
)
or
with
salt
Armoniack
six
or
seven
times
(
remembring
that
then
you
must
dulcifie
it
with
warm
water
by
dissolving
therewith
the
salt
,
and
dry
the
Precipitate
afterwards
.
)
Set
this
fixed
powder
in
a
cellar
,
laying
it
very
thin
upon
a
marble
stone
and
in
about
six
weeks
or
two
months
it
will
all
be
dissolved
into
water
,
which
must
be
filtred
.
Then
evaporate
part
of
this
water
and
let
it
stand
two
or
three
dayes
in
the
cellar
to
crystallize
.
These
Crystals
purifie
,
and
dry
.
Mix
them
with
three
times
the
quantity
of
the
gross
powder
of
Tiles
,
and
distill
them
in
a
Retort
,
and
there
will
come
forth
first
a
white
spirit
,
and
then
a
red
,
which
you
may
rectifie
in
Balneo
.
The
true
Oil
or
Essence
of
Antimony
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
the
foresaid
Crystals
,
dissolve
them
in
good
rectified
spirit
of
wine
,
digest
them
two
months
in
Balneo
,
or
horse
dung
:
then
evaporate
the
spirit
of
wine
,
and
there
will
remain
in
the
bottom
the
true
oil
or
essence
of
Antimony
.
Then
take
new
Crystals
of
Antimony
,
and
let
them
imbibe
either
this
oil
,
or
the
foresaid
spirit
,
till
they
will
imbibe
no
more
,
then
digest
them
two
months
in
sand
,
and
they
will
become
a
flowing
fixt
salt
,
and
of
excellent
vertue
.
The
aforesaid
spirit
,
this
oil
,
and
essence
of
Antimony
may
be
equalized
to
Aurum
potabile
to
all
intents
and
purposes
,
according
to
a
Medicinall
use
,
especially
the
sixt
Essence
.
The
dose
is
five
or
six
grains
.
A
burning
Spirit
made
out
of
Lead
,
most
fragrant
and
Balsamicall
.
Take
the
Calx
of
Saturn
,
or
else
Minium
,
pour
upon
it
so
much
spirit
of
Vinegar
that
may
cover
it
four
fingers
breadth
,
digest
them
in
a
warm
place
the
space
of
twenty
four
hours
,
often
stirring
them
that
the
matter
settle
not
too
thick
in
the
bottome
:
then
decant
the
Menstruum
,
and
pour
on
more
,
digest
it
as
before
,
and
this
do
so
often
untill
all
the
saltness
be
extracted
.
Filter
and
clarifie
all
the
Menstruum
being
put
together
,
then
evaporate
it
half
away
,
and
set
the
other
part
in
a
cold
place
till
it
crystallize
.
These
Crystals
dissolve
again
in
fresh
spirit
of
Vinegar
,
filter
and
coagulate
the
Liquor
again
into
Crystals
,
and
this
doe
so
often
untill
they
be
sufficiently
impregnated
with
the
salt
Armoniack
of
the
Vinegar
as
with
their
proper
ferment
.
Digest
them
in
a
temperate
Balneo
,
that
they
may
be
resolved
into
a
Liquor
like
oil
.
Then
distil
this
Liquor
in
sand
in
a
Retort
,
with
a
large
Receiver
annexed
to
it
,
and
well
closed
that
no
spirits
evaporate
,
together
with
the
observation
of
the
degrees
of
the
fire
:
then
there
wil
distil
forth
a
spirit
of
such
a
fragrant
smel
that
the
fragrancie
of
all
flowers
,
and
compounded
perfumes
are
not
to
be
compared
to
it
.
After
Distillation
when
all
things
are
cold
,
take
out
,
and
cast
away
the
black
feces
which
is
of
no
use
.
Then
separate
the
yellow
oil
,
which
swims
on
the
top
of
the
spirit
,
and
the
bloud
red
oil
which
sinks
to
the
bottome
of
it
:
Separate
the
flegm
from
the
spirit
in
Balneo
.
Thou
shalt
by
this
means
have
a
most
fragrant
spirit
that
even
ravisheth
the
senses
;
and
so
balsamical
,
that
it
cures
all
old
and
new
sores
inward
and
outward
,
and
so
cordiall
that
the
dying
are
with
admiration
revived
with
it
.
They
that
have
this
medicine
need
scarce
use
any
other
either
for
inward
or
outward
griefs
.
How
to
turn
Quick-silver
into
a
water
without
mixing
any
thing
with
it
,
and
to
make
thereof
a
good
Purgative
and
Diaphoretick
medicine
.
Take
an
ounce
of
Quick-silver
not
purified
,
put
it
into
a
bolt
head
of
glass
,
which
you
must
nip
up
,
set
it
over
a
strong
fire
in
sand
for
the
space
of
two
months
,
and
the
Quick-silver
wil
be
turned
into
a
red
sparkling
Precipitate
.
Take
this
powder
,
and
lay
it
thin
on
a
Marble
in
a
Cellar
for
the
space
of
two
months
,
and
it
wil
be
turned
into
a
water
,
which
may
be
safely
taken
inwardly
,
it
wil
work
a
little
upward
and
downward
,
but
chiefly
by
sweat
.
Note
that
you
may
set
divers
glasses
with
the
same
matter
in
the
same
Furnace
,
that
so
you
may
make
the
greater
quantity
at
a
time
.
I
suppose
it
is
the
Sulphur
which
is
in
the
Quick-silver
,
and
makes
it
so
black
,
that
being
stirred
up
by
the
heat
of
the
fire
,
fixeth
the
Mercury
.
A
fragrant
oil
of
Mercury
.
Take
of
Mercury
seven
times
sublimed
,
and
as
often
revived
with
unslaked
Lime
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
dissolve
it
in
spirit
of
Nitre
in
a
moderate
heat
,
then
abstract
the
spirit
of
salt
,
and
edulcorate
it
very
well
by
boiling
it
in
spirit
of
Vinegar
:
then
abstract
the
spirit
of
Vinegar
,
and
wash
it
again
with
distilled
rain
water
:
then
dry
it
,
and
digest
it
two
months
in
a
like
quantity
of
the
best
rectified
spirit
of
Wine
you
can
get
.
Distil
them
by
Retort
,
making
your
fire
moderate
at
the
beginning
,
afterwards
increasing
it
;
then
evaporate
the
spirit
of
Wine
in
Balneo
,
and
there
will
remain
in
the
bottome
a
most
fragrant
oil
of
Mercury
.
This
oil
so
purifies
the
bloud
by
sweat
and
urine
,
that
it
cures
all
distempers
that
arise
from
the
impurity
thereof
,
as
the
venereal
disease
,
&c.
The
truth
is
,
they
that
have
this
medicine
well
made
need
but
few
other
medicines
:
the
dose
is
four
or
five
drops
.
To
turn
Mercury
into
a
water
by
it self
.
Set
this
following
vessell
being
made
of
iron
into
a
Furnace
,
so
that
the
three
bowls
thereof
be
within
the
Furnace
,
and
the
Pipe
and
Receiver
be
without
.
Make
your
Furnace
so
as
that
there
be
a
great
hole
left
open
at
the
top
:
where
you
must
put
in
your
coals
,
shutting
it
afterward
with
a
cover
of
stone
made
fit
thereunto
;
on
the
top
also
must
be
holes
to
let
in
air
.
The
Vessell
for
this
Operation
.
First
make
your
Iron
vessel
as
red
hot
as
possibly
it
can
be
made
(
or
else
you
do
nothing
)
having
first
annexed
an
earthen
well-glazed
Receiver
to
the
bottom
of
it
.
Then
put
half
an
ounce
of
Quick-silver
at
a
time
in
at
the
top
(
which
presently
stop
with
clay
)
and
presently
the
Mercury
will
come
over
,
part
in
a
sharp
Liquor
,
and
part
as
crude
a
Mercury
as
it
was
before
,
which
you
may
put
in
again
till
it
be
all
turned
to
water
.
Note
that
unless
the
Quick-silver
give
a
great
crack
presently
after
it
is
put
in
,
it
is
a
sign
that
the
vessell
was
not
hot
enough
.
This
operation
being
well
prosecuted
may
produce
a
medicine
with
which
none
under
the
Philosophers
Elixir
may
compare
.
How
to
distill
Spirits
,
and
Oils
out
of
Minerals
,
Vegetables
,
Bones
,
Horns
,
and
faster
,
and
in
a
greater
quantity
in
one
hour
then
in
the
common
way
in
twenty
four
.
This
must
be
done
in
such
a
Furnace
as
this
.
A
,
Signifies
the
Furnace
with
its
iron
,
or
earthen
distilling
vessell
walled
in
,
to
which
a
very
large
Recipient
is
joined
.
B
,
the
Distiller
,
who
with
his
left
hand
taketh
off
the
cover
,
and
with
his
right
casteth
in
his
prepared
matter
with
an
iron
lad●e
.
C
,
the
form
of
the
distilling
vessell
.
D
,
the
same
,
as
it
appeareth
inward
,
E
,
the
form
of
the
vessell
not
walled
in
but
standing
on
the
coals
for
other
uses
.
This
Furnace
must
be
twice
so
high
as
wide
,
and
the
pipe
must
be
a
foot
long
out
of
the
Furnace
.
The
vessell
walled
in
must
be
of
earth
for
the
distilling
of
Antimony
,
Sulphur
,
and
such
things
as
will
corode
iron
:
but
for
other
things
iron
is
most
convenient
.
Before
you
make
any
dist●llation
,
let
the
vessell
which
is
walled
in
be
red
hot
,
then
by
little
and
little
cast
in
your
matter
,
which
must
be
cut
or
powdered
small
,
and
clap
down
the
cover
into
the
false
bottome
above
,
which
is
full
of
molten
lead
,
and
therefore
suffereth
no
fume
to
goe
forth
.
When
you
see
the
fumes
in
the
Receiver
(
which
must
be
of
glass
)
to
cease
;
and
condensed
into
a
Liquor
,
then
put
in
more
matter
.
By
this
way
you
may
make
a
far
greater
dispatch
and
distill
a
greater
quantity
out
of
the
same
proportion
of
matter
,
then
by
the
common
way
.
By
this
way
there
is
no
danger
of
breaking
your
Receiver
,
and
you
may
end
and
begin
when
you
please
,
and
try
divers
experiments
in
one
hour
,
and
cannot
make
the
fire
too
strong
,
and
may
make
the
spirits
of
such
things
as
can
hardly
or
not
so
well
be
made
by
a
Retort
,
as
the
spirits
of
Salt
,
of
Tartar
,
Harts-horn
,
Antimony
,
&c.
Salt
and
such
things
as
will
flow
must
have
a
bole
,
or
powder
of
brick
mixed
with
them
before
they
be
cast
into
the
vessell
,
or
if
you
please
you
may
first
dissolve
what
salt
you
please
,
and
with
red
hot
gross
powder
of
Brick
,
imbibe
the
water
,
then
cast
in
this
powder
by
little
and
little
into
the
distilling
vessell
,
and
the
Salt
by
this
means
will
yeeld
its
spirit
quickly
and
in
aboundance
.
By
either
of
these
two
wayes
you
may
make
a
pound
of
the
spirit
of
Nitre
in
an
hour
,
and
of
salt
in
two
hours
.
Now
whereas
some
things
yeeld
a
spirit
,
and
a
thick
and
heavy
oil
,
they
may
be
rectified
thus
,
viz.
by
putting
them
into
a
Retort
,
and
distilling
them
in
sand
or
ashes
with
a
graduall
heat
:
there
wil
come
forth
the
flegme
of
some
Liquors
first
,
and
then
the
spirit
;
and
of
other
some
the
spirit
,
and
then
the
flegm
,
but
of
all
these
the
heavy
thick
oil
at
last
;
which
by
distilling
off
becomes
far
clearer
then
before
,
which
may
again
be
rectified
by
spirit
of
salt
as
I
have
shewed
before
,
and
therefore
need
not
here
repeat
it
.
To
make
an
oil
of
Lapis
Calaminaris
.
Take
of
Lapis
Calaminaris
powdered
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
pour
on
it
five
or
six
times
as
much
of
rectified
spirit
of
Salt
,
shake
them
together
continually
or
else
it
will
be
congealed
into
a
hard
mass
,
which
can
hardly
be
mollified
again
:
when
no
more
will
dissolve
in
frigido
,
put
it
in
warm
sand
so
long
till
the
spirit
of
salt
be
of
a
high
yellow
colour
;
then
pour
it
off
and
put
on
more
til
all
be
dissolved
that
wil
,
cast
away
the
feces
,
put
the
solution
into
a
glass
body
,
and
distill
it
in
sand
:
about
the
third
part
of
the
spirit
of
Salt
cometh
over
as
insipid
as
common
water
,
though
the
spirit
were
well
rectified
before
,
for
the
driness
of
the
Lapis
Calaminaris
(
which
is
the
driest
of
all
Minerals
and
Metals
except
Zink
)
retaineth
the
spirit
after
the
flegm
is
come
over
;
let
the
glass
cool
,
and
thou
shalt
find
at
the
bottome
a
thick
red
oil
very
fat
,
even
as
Olive
olive
,
and
not
very
corosive
;
keep
it
from
the
air
,
or
else
it
turneth
into
water
.
It
is
of
wonderfull
vertue
for
inward
and
outward
griefs
,
for
it
hath
in
it
a
pure
golden
Sulphur
.
Common
Sulphur
mixed
with
this
oil
,
and
melted
in
a
strong
fire
swimmeth
like
water
above
,
and
is
transparent
.
This
oil
distilled
in
a
Retort
with
pure
sand
in
a
strong
fire
,
yeeldeth
a
spirit
like
fire
scarce
to
be
contained
in
any
vessel
,
and
dissolveth
all
metals
except
silver
,
and
reduceth
pure
spirit
of
Wine
into
an
oyl
within
a
few
days
.
To
make
oyl
of
Talk
.
Take
of
the
best
Talk
reduced
into
very
thin
flakes
,
make
them
red
hot
,
and
then
quench
them
in
the
strongest
Lixivium
that
Sope-boylers
use
;
doe
this
fifteen
times
and
it
will
become
as
white
as
snow
:
then
powder
it
very
small
and
calcine
it
by
fumigation
i.
e.
by
the
fume
of
some
very
sharp
spirit
as
of
Aqua
fortis
,
or
the
like
:
when
it
hath
been
thus
calcined
for
the
space
of
a
fortnight
,
it
wil
become
somewhat
mucilaginous
,
then
set
it
in
any
heat
of
putrefaction
as
it
is
(
for
it
hath
imbibed
enough
of
the
sharp
spirit
to
moisten
and
ferment
it
)
for
the
space
of
two
months
in
a
bolt
head
nipt
up
:
then
evaporate
the
acid
spirit
and
dulcifie
it
with
distilled
rain
water
.
After
this
extract
what
thou
canst
out
of
it
with
the
best
rectified
spirit
of
Wine
,
pour
off
the
solution
and
evaporate
the
spirit
of
Wine
,
and
at
the
bottome
will
be
a
most
beautiful
oyl
.
The
oyl
is
the
most
glorious
fucus
or
paint
in
the
World
.
To
make
oyl
of
Talk
another
way
.
Take
of
the
foresaid
powder
of
Talk
after
it
hath
been
putrefied
,
and
again
dulcified
as
much
as
you
please
,
put
four
times
as
much
of
the
best
circulated
oyl
of
Camphire
to
it
,
digest
them
in
Horse
dung
till
all
the
powder
be
dissolved
,
and
the
oyl
become
mucilaginous
,
which
will
be
within
two
months
.
This
is
for
the
same
use
as
the
former
.
There
is
required
a
great
deal
of
pains
and
care
and
no
small
cost
in
the
preparation
of
these
oyls
.
Oyl
is
made
of
Bole
Armoniack
,
terra
sigillata
,
and
such
kind
of
clay
earths
,
thus
.
Take
of
either
of
those
earths
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
break
it
into
small
pieces
,
and
put
it
into
a
Retort
over
a
naked
fire
for
the
space
of
12
hours
,
and
there
will
distill
into
the
Receiver
(
which
must
be
large
)
the
flegm
,
then
white
Spirits
in
a
little
quantity
,
yet
of
a
grateful
taste
and
smel
.
Oyl
out
of
these
kinds
of
earth
is
made
better
thus
.
Take
of
either
of
these
earths
,
which
you
please
,
as
much
as
you
will
;
pour
upon
it
distilled
rain
water
,
set
it
in
some
warm
place
for
a
month
or
more
,
and
the
oyliness
will
separate
from
its
body
,
of
its
own
accord
,
and
swim
upon
the
water
.
Separate
the
water
by
a
tunnel
,
and
distil
the
oyl
with
five
parts
of
the
spirit
of
Wine
well
rectified
,
and
there
will
come
forth
an
oyl
oyl
of
a
golden
colour
,
swimming
on
the
spirit
which
is
a
most
excellent
Balsame
.
Spirit
of
unslaked
Lime
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
unslaked
Lime
as
much
as
thou
pleasest
;
reduce
it
into
a
subtle
powder
,
imbibe
it
with
Spirit
of
Wine
most
highly
rectified
(
which
must
be
pure
from
all
its
flegm
,
or
else
you
labour
in
vain
)
as
much
as
it
can
imbibe
;
draw
off
the
spirit
of
Wine
with
a
gentle
heat
,
cohobate
it
8
or
10
times
,
so
will
the
fiery
vertue
of
the
Lime
be
fortified
.
—
Take
of
this
levigated
Lime
10
ounces
,
pure
salt
of
Tartar
one
ounce
,
the
feces
of
Tartar
after
the
salt
is
extracted
11
ounces
;
mix
these
well
together
,
put
them
into
a
glass
Retort
coated
,
see
that
2
parts
of
3
be
empty
,
distill
them
into
two
Receivers
,
the
flegm
into
one
,
the
spirit
into
the
other
,
which
must
have
a
little
of
rectified
spirit
of
Wine
in
it
to
receive
the
spirit
.
If
thou
wilt
separate
the
spirit
of
Wine
,
then
put
fire
to
it
,
and
the
spirit
of
Wine
will
burn
away
,
and
the
spirit
of
the
Lime
stay
behinde
,
which
is
a
kind
of
a
fixed
spirit
.
This
is
a
very
secret
for
the
consuming
the
Stone
in
the
bladder
,
and
the
curing
of
the
Gout
.
Oyl
made
out
of
Tile-stones
,
called
the
Oyl
of
Philosophers
.
Take
of
Bricks
or
Tiles
,
as
many
as
you
please
,
break
them
into
small
pieces
,
make
them
red
fire
hot
,
then
quench
them
in
pure
old
Oyl
Olive
(
in
which
let
them
lye
till
they
be
cold
)
then
take
them
out
and
grind
them
very
small
,
let
the
powder
be
put
in
a
glass
Retort
,
coated
,
a
fit
Receiver
being
put
thereto
and
distil
off
the
oyl
in
a
naked
fire
by
degrees
,
which
being
distilled
off
keep
in
a
viall
close
stopt
.
This
oyl
is
wonderfull
penetrating
,
and
is
good
against
all
cold
distempers
whatsoever
.
The
Liquor
or
Water
of
Corall
,
is
made
thus
.
Take
Salt-Armoniack
well
purified
by
sublimation
,
of
red
Coral
finely
powdered
,
of
each
a
like
quantity
;
sublime
them
so
often
till
the
Corall
will
no
more
rise
up
,
then
take
the
Calx
of
Corall
that
remains
in
the
bottome
of
the
sublimatory
and
put
it
on
a
marble
or
glass
in
the
cellar
to
be
dissolved
;
that
which
will
not
be
dissolved
sublime
again
,
and
do
as
before
till
all
be
dissolved
:
and
so
thou
hast
the
Liquor
of
Corall
.
Note
that
if
thou
wilt
have
the
true
tincture
of
Coral
,
evaporate
the
humidity
of
the
foresaid
Liquor
,
then
extract
the
tincture
out
of
the
powder
with
spirit
of
Wine
,
which
spirit
evaporate
to
the
consistency
of
honey
:
and
thou
hast
a
most
rare
medicine
.
This
medicine
strengtheneth
all
the
parts
in
the
body
,
and
cures
all
distempers
that
arise
from
the
weakness
thereof
.
To
make
a
Water
out
of
Lapis
Armenus
that
shall
have
neither
taste
nor
smell
,
a
few
drops
whereof
shal
purge
.
Take
of
Lapis
Armenus
powdered
small
,
and
calcined
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
sublime
it
with
salt
Armoniack
until
it
will
sublime
no
more
but
remain
in
the
bottome
of
the
sublimatory
,
then
take
it
out
,
and
lay
it
very
thin
upon
a
marble
in
a
cellar
,
and
there
let
it
lye
two
months
,
and
it
will
be
almost
all
dissolved
into
a
Liquor
.
Or
thus
:
Take
of
Lapis
Armenus
powdered
small
and
calcined
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
pour
upon
it
of
distilled
Vinegar
,
as
much
as
wil
cover
it
four
fingers
breadth
,
then
set
it
over
a
gentle
heat
stirring
of
it
two
or
three
times
in
an
hour
,
for
the
space
of
six
hours
or
thereabouts
;
then
the
spirit
being
tinged
very
blew
with
the
powder
,
filtre
off
from
the
feces
,
then
pour
more
spirit
of
vinegar
on
the
feces
and
doe
as
before
,
till
the
spirit
be
tinged
no
more
,
then
take
all
the
blew
spirit
and
vapour
it
away
,
and
at
the
bottome
you
shall
have
a
salt
,
which
you
must
put
into
a
calcining
pot
,
and
calcine
so
long
in
the
fire
till
no
more
vapour
will
arise
,
and
it
become
a
dark
red
powder
,
then
put
it
upon
a
marble
in
the
cellar
for
the
space
of
two
months
,
and
it
well
be
dissolved
into
a
Liquor
,
a
few
drops
whereof
put
into
a
glass
of
beer
will
purge
delicately
.
How
to
make
a
Furnace
that
shall
of
it self
without
any
vessels
which
should
contain
the
matter
,
being
put
into
it
,
sublime
Minerals
,
and
distil
all
manner
of
Oils
and
Spirits
out
of
Minerals
,
Vegetables
,
and
Animals
,
and
that
in
a
very
great
quantity
,
in
a
very
short
time
,
and
with
small
cost
.
THe
Furnace
is
made
as
followeth
:
It
may
be
made
of
one
piece
by
a
Potter
,
or
of
brick
,
round
,
or
four-square
,
greater
or
lesser
as
you
please
:
if
the
inside
be
one
span
broad
in
the
middle
,
it
must
be
four
high
:
one
for
the
Ash-hole
,
another
above
the
grate
to
the
middle
Coal-hole
,
and
two
above
the
Pipe
;
this
pipe
being
made
of
earth
or
iron
must
be
a
span
long
betwixt
the
Furnace
and
the
Receiver
,
and
a
third
part
as
wide
as
the
Furnace
within
.
The
Recipients
must
be
made
of
glass
,
or
very
good
earth
well
luted
together
;
the
greater
the
better
.
The
first
Figure
.
The
second
Figure
.
A
,
Signifies
the
Ash-hole
,
which
must
be
as
wide
as
the
Furnace
,
and
alwayes
open
that
the
fire
may
burn
the
stronger
.
B
,
The
middle
hole
of
the
Furnace
for
the
putting
in
of
coals
.
C
,
The
stopple
made
of
stone
.
D
,
The
upper
hole
of
the
Furnace
with
a
false
bottome
wherein
sand
lyeth
,
which
is
there
laid
that
the
cover
may
lye
the
closer
and
keep
in
the
fumes
the
better
.
E
,
The
Cover
,
which
must
presently
be
clapt
on
assoon
as
the
matter
to
be
distilled
is
put
in
.
F
,
The
Pipe
,
which
goeth
out
of
the
Furnace
,
and
to
which
the
Receiver
is
fitted
.
G
,
The
first
Recipient
for
flowers
.
H
,
The
second
.
I
,
The
third
.
K
,
A
Stool
whereon
the
first
Recipient
resteth
,
in
the
midst
whereof
is
a
hole
,
through
which
goeth
the
neck
of
the
Recipient
,
to
which
another
glass
is
fitted
.
L
,
The
Glass
fitted
to
the
Recipient
for
the
uniting
the
spirits
that
drop
down
.
M
,
Another
Recipient
united
to
the
former
glass
,
and
into
which
the
united
spirits
do
run
.
N
,
A
Stoole
through
the
middle
whereof
goeth
a
screw
for
the
raising
of
that
Glass
which
is
set
under
the
first
Recipient
,
higher
,
or
lower
.
O
,
P
,
The
Grate
with
two
thick
iron
bars
,
which
lye
fast
,
upon
which
four
or
five
thinner
are
layed
,
which
may
be
stirred
when
the
Furnace
is
made
clean
.
Thus
far
the
first
of
the
figures
is
explained
,
by
which
you
may
see
how
sublimation
and
distillation
is
made
at
one
time
,
viz.
of
those
things
which
will
yeeld
both
flowers
,
and
spirits
,
(
the
flowers
sticking
in
the
three
upper
Recipients
,
and
the
spirits
dropping
down
into
the
lower
.
)
Now
follows
the
explanation
of
the
second
figure
,
which
is
the
same
with
the
former
in
respect
of
the
Furnace
it self
,
but
differing
in
respect
of
the
Recipients
,
which
serve
for
the
receiving
of
the
spirits
and
oyls
of
such
things
as
yeeld
no
flowers
.
Therefore
I
shall
begin
with
the
explanation
of
the
Receivers
.
G
,
The
first
crooked
pipe
as
it
is
fitted
to
the
pipe
that
comes
out
of
the
Furnace
.
H
,
The-Recipient
with
its
cover
,
in
which
is
one
hole
for
one
crooked
pipe
to
goe
through
,
as
you
may
see
in
the
first
H
,
and
two
holes
for
two
pipes
to
goe
through
,
as
you
may
see
in
the
second
H
,
and
in
H
H.
Note
that
these
pipes
may
either
be
fastned
to
the
cover
being
all
of
one
piece
,
or
they
must
be
wel
luted
,
that
no
vapours
may
pass
through
.
Now
you
must
conceive
that
in
the
lower
Receivers
the
vapour
that
goeth
out
of
the
first
pipe
goeth
first
into
the
Receiver
,
then
out
of
that
into
the
next
pipe
,
and
so
forward
till
it
cometh
into
the
last
Receiver
,
by
which
means
it
is
much
cooled
(
for
indeed
such
vapours
that
come
out
of
the
Furnace
,
especially
when
some
materials
are
distilled
,
if
there
were
not
some
such
art
to
cool
them
,
would
break
all
Recipients
.
)
I
,
A
tub
of
water
,
wherein
the
Recipient
stands
,
to
cool
the
vapours
and
condense
them
.
K
,
The
first
crooked
pipe
as
it
goeth
into
the
Recipient
.
L
,
The
second
crooked
pipe
,
whereof
one
end
goeth
into
one
Receiver
,
and
another
end
into
another
.
M
,
The
last
crooked
pipe
to
which
you
must
annex
a
Receiver
.
Now
the
manner
of
distilling
is
thus
;
Let
the
Furnace
be
full
of
coals
wel
kindled
,
then
cast
on
your
matter
,
and
stop
your
Furnace
close
:
This
Furnace
needs
no
Retort
,
or
other
vessels
to
set
into
it
,
neither
can
you
doe
any
hurt
by
too
much
or
too
little
fire
,
and
you
may
finish
your
operation
when
you
please
,
and
in
one
hour
try
divers
experiments
.
It
saveth
very
much
time
and
cost
,
and
in
one
hour
will
doe
as
much
as
can
be
done
in
another
Furnace
in
24.
In
one
hour
you
may
make
a
pound
of
spirit
of
Salt
with
four
or
five
pound
of
coals
,
and
as
much
flower
of
Antimony
in
a
like
space
of
time
,
and
with
as
few
coals
.
If
your
materials
be
vegetables
,
or
horn
,
or
bones
,
cut
them
small
;
If
hard
Minerals
,
let
them
be
powdered
very
small
;
if
salts
,
let
them
first
be
dissolved
in
water
,
which
water
must
be
imbibed
with
red
hot
coals
until
all
the
liquor
be
imbibed
:
then
cast
in
those
coals
into
the
Furnace
.
If
you
would
by
this
means
procure
the
spirit
of
hard
Minerals
,
as
of
Antimony
,
&c.
you
must
take
them
as
they
come
from
the
Mine
before
they
have
passed
the
fire
.
By
this
Furnace
you
may
make
the
spirits
of
such
things
which
will
not
yeeld
them
in
any
other
way
.
Note
that
such
oyls
and
spirits
as
are
drawne
by
this
Furnace
must
be
rectified
in
spirit
of
Salt
,
as
I
have
above
shewed
.
Ros
Vitrioli
is
made
thus
.
Take
of
the
best
Dansick
Vitriall
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
uncalcined
,
put
it
into
a
glass
gourd
and
distill
it
in
the
sand
,
and
there
will
come
over
a
water
somewhat
sharpish
.
This
Water
or
Ros
is
of
greater
use
then
the
spirit
or
oyl
thereof
.
It
helpeth
all
inward
inflammations
,
as
of
the
Liver
,
Kidneys
,
Stomach
,
helps
the
ebullition
of
bloud
,
and
all
distempers
that
come
from
thence
.
This
is
that
flegm
,
which
most
vapour
away
,
but
it
is
because
they
know
not
the
vertues
thereof
.
A
sweet
green
oyl
of
Vitriall
is
made
thus
.
Take
as
many
Copperas
stones
as
you
please
,
beat
them
small
,
and
lay
them
in
a
cool
cellar
,
and
in
twenty
or
thirty
days
they
will
attract
the
air
,
and
look
black
,
and
after
fourteen
days
become
whitish
and
sweetish
,
then
dissolve
them
in
distilled
rain
water
,
then
filter
and
evaporate
the
water
,
and
they
will
shoot
into
green
Crystals
,
which
you
may
dissolve
in
a
Cellar
per
deliquium
,
being
first
beaten
small
,
and
layed
on
a
marble
stone
.
This
liquor
is
that
famous
medicine
of
Paracelsus
for
the
falling
sickness
,
a
few
drops
thereof
being
taken
in
any
appropriated
liquor
.
Take
heed
that
it
come
at
no
strong
fire
,
for
then
saith
Paracelsus
it
loseth
its
greenness
,
and
as
much
as
it
loseth
of
that
,
so
much
also
of
its
vertue
.
A
spirit
may
be
drawn
from
hence
by
an
ingenious
Artist
,
that
will
smell
like
Musk
,
or
Amber
.
The
Sulphur
of
Vitriall
may
with
spirit
of
wine
be
extracted
thus
.
Take
of
the
best
Dansick
Vitriall
half
a
pound
,
dry
it
by
a
gentle
fire
till
it
be
whitish
,
then
pour
on
it
of
the
best
rectified
spirit
of
Wine
thirty
ounces
:
(
Note
that
there
must
come
to
it
no
other
moisture
then
the
spirit
of
Wine
,
the
glass
also
must
be
very
dry
,
else
you
labour
in
vain
)
then
digest
it
in
horse
dung
the
space
of
a
month
,
then
decant
from
the
feces
the
spirit
of
Wine
without
any
troubling
of
it
,
then
in
Balneo
evaporate
the
spirit
,
and
at
the
bottome
you
will
have
a
yellow
liquor
of
a
most
wonderfull
stipticity
.
This
liquor
is
a
famous
Anodynum
,
suppressing
all
noxious
vapours
whatsoever
and
causing
rest
.
A
few
drops
there
may
be
taken
in
any
specifical
Liquor
.
A
Sudorificall
Water
to
be
used
outwardly
.
Take
of
sublimed
Mercury
very
finely
powdered
an
ounce
and
half
,
of
Euphorbium
powdered
a
scruple
,
spirit
of
Wine
well
rectified
,
and
Rosewater
,
of
each
a
pound
,
digest
them
two
or
three
hours
in
a
gentle
Balneo
,
the
neck
of
the
vessell
which
must
be
very
long
being
wel
stopt
,
then
let
them
boll
a
quarter
of
an
hour
:
when
the
liquor
is
cold
pour
it
from
the
feces
,
and
keep
it
in
a
glass
.
If
the
back
bone
be
bathed
with
this
Water
,
or
the
wrist
of
those
that
be
weak
,
it
causeth
sweat
presently
,
if
it
be
done
in
the
bed
.
By
which
means
diseases
that
require
sweat
may
be
cured
.
Also
any
pained
place
by
being
bathed
with
this
Water
is
in
a
little
time
eased
.
Note
that
you
must
not
bathe
any
place
above
three
or
four
times
with
it
,
for
by
being
too
often
used
it
contracts
the
skin
.
How
to
rectifie
Oyls
and
Spirits
of
Minerals
.
Put
the
Liquor
that
is
distilled
from
Minerals
into
the
Retort
,
to
which
give
fire
by
degrees
,
and
the
spirit
wil
rise
up
into
the
upper
Receiver
,
and
the
heavy
oyl
wil
go
into
the
middle
Receiver
which
is
the
biggest
of
all
;
and
into
the
little
Receiver
annexed
to
the
end
of
the
middle
,
wil
pass
some
of
the
spirit
,
which
though
it
passeth
into
the
middle
Receiver
,
wil
not
stay
there
,
but
goeth
beyond
it
because
it
finds
vent
.
A
Miscellany
of
Spagyricall
Experiments
and
Curiosities
.
BOOK
V.
The
Spagyricall
Anatomie
of
Water
.
WAter
seems
to
be
a
body
so
very
Homogeneall
,
as
if
neither
Nature
or
Art
could
discover
any
Heterogeneity
in
the
parts
thereof
:
thus
indeed
it
seems
to
the
eye
of
the
vulgar
,
but
to
that
of
a
Philosopher
far
otherwise
,
as
I
shall
endeavor
to
make
credible
by
presenting
to
your
consideration
a
twofold
process
of
the
discovering
the
dissimilary
parts
thereof
;
whereof
the
one
is
naturall
only
,
and
the
other
artificiall
;
But
before
I
speak
of
either
,
it
must
be
premised
,
that
in
the
element
of
Water
there
is
great
plenty
of
the
spirit
of
the
World
,
which
is
more
predominant
in
it
then
in
any
other
element
,
for
the
use
and
benefit
of
universall
nature
;
and
that
this
spirit
hath
three
distinct
substances
,
viz.
Salt
,
Sulphur
,
and
Mercury
.
Now
by
salt
we
must
understand
a
substance
very
dry
,
vitall
,
and
radicall
,
having
in
it
the
beginning
of
corporisication
,
as
I
may
so
call
it
:
by
Sulphur
,
a
substance
ful
of
light
and
vital
heat
,
or
vivifying
fire
,
containing
in
it self
the
beginning
of
motion
:
by
Mercury
,
a
substance
abounding
with
radical
moisture
,
with
which
the
Sulphur
of
life
,
or
vital
fire
,
is
cherished
and
preserved
.
Now
these
substances
which
are
in
the
Spirit
of
the
World
make
all
Fountaines
,
and
Waters
,
but
with
some
difference
,
according
to
the
predominancy
of
either
.
This
several
predominancy
therefore
is
the
ground
of
the
variety
of
productions
;
I
say
,
of
productions
,
because
all
things
are
produced
out
of
Water
:
for
Water
is
both
the
Sperme
,
and
the
Menstruum
of
the
World
;
the
former
,
because
it
includes
the
seed
of
every
thing
;
the
latter
,
because
the
Sperme
of
Nature
is
put
refied
in
it
,
that
the
seed
included
in
it
should
be
actuated
,
and
take
upon
it
the
divers
Formes
of
things
;
and
because
by
it
the
seed
it self
,
and
all
things
produced
of
seed
grow
,
and
are
encreased
:
Now
this
being
premised
,
I
shall
shew
you
what
the
naturall
processe
is
,
which
I
shal
make
plain
by
instancing
in
three
several
productions
,
viz.
of
the
spawn
of
Frogs
,
of
Stones
,
and
of
Vegetables
.
The
Spawne
of
Frogs
is
produced
after
this
manner
,
viz.
The
Sulphur
which
is
in
the
Water
,
being
by
the
heat
of
the
Sun
resolved
,
and
dissolved
,
is
greedily
,
and
with
delight
conceived
by
the
Element
of
Water
,
even
as
the
Sperme
of
a
Male
is
by
the
Matrix
of
the
Female
,
and
that
upon
this
account
.
The
Water
wants
siccity
,
which
the
Sulphur
hath
,
and
therefore
exceedingly
desiring
it
,
doth
greedily
attract
it
to
it self
:
Sulphur
also
wants
humidity
,
and
therefore
attracts
the
humidity
of
the
Water
:
Moreover
the
humidity
of
the
Water
hath
the
humidity
of
the
Salt
laid
up
occultly
in
it
:
also
the
Sulphur
cherisheth
the
humidity
of
the
fire
,
and
desires
nothing
more
then
the
humidity
of
the
Salt
,
that
is
in
the
Water
.
Sulphur
also
contains
the
siccity
of
the
Salt
,
whence
it
is
that
Salt
requires
a
siccity
from
the
Sulphur
.
And
thus
do
these
attractive
vertues
mutually
act
upon
each
others
subject
.
Now
by
this
means
there
is
a
conception
made
in
the
water
which
now
begins
to
be
turgid
,
puffed
up
,
and
troubled
,
as
also
to
be
grosser
,
and
more
slimie
,
until
out
of
the
spermatick
vessels
the
spermes
be
cast
upward
,
in
which
spermes
after
a
while
appeare
black
specks
,
which
are
the
seed
of
the
Frogs
,
and
by
the
heat
of
the
Sun
,
are
in
a
short
time
turned
into
the
same
;
by
which
it
appears
there
are
dissimilary
parts
in
Water
.
2
Stones
are
produced
out
of
Water
that
hath
a
Mucilaginous
Mercury
,
which
the
Salt
,
with
which
it
also
abounds
,
fixeth
into
Stones
.
This
you
may
see
cleared
by
putting
stones
into
the
water
,
for
they
wil
after
a
time
contract
a
mucilaginous
slimy
matter
,
which
being
taken
out
of
the
water
and
set
in
the
Sun
,
becomes
to
be
of
a
stony
nature
.
And
whence
come
those
stones
,
gravel
,
and
sand
which
we
see
in
Springs
?
they
are
not
washed
down
out
of
the
Mountains
and
Hils
(
as
some
think
)
from
whence
the
waters
spring
,
neither
were
they
in
the
earth
before
the
Springs
brake
forth
,
(
as
some
imagine
)
and
now
appear
by
washing
away
of
the
earth
from
them
;
for
if
you
dig
round
about
the
springs
,
even
beyond
the
heads
of
them
,
you
shal
find
no
stones
at
all
in
the
earth
,
only
in
the
veins
thereof
through
which
the
water
runs
;
Now
the
reason
of
the
smalnesse
of
these
stones
,
is
the
continual
motion
of
the
water
,
which
hinders
them
from
being
united
into
a
continued
bignesse
.
I
shall
make
a
further
confirmation
of
this
in
the
artificial
processe
of
manifesting
the
Heterogeneity
of
Water
.
I
shal
here
only
adde
the
assertion
of
He●●ont
,
saying
that
with
his
Altahest
all
stones
,
and
indeed
all
things
may
be
turned
into
Water
?
If
so
,
then
you
know
what
the
Maxime
is
,
viz.
All
things
may
be
resolved
into
that
from
whence
they
had
their
beginning
.
3
Vegetables
are
produced
out
of
Water
,
as
you
may
clearly
see
by
the
Waters
sending
forth
Plants
that
have
no
roots
fixed
in
the
bottome
;
of
which
sort
is
the
Heart
called
Duck-weed
,
which
putteth
forth
a
little
string
into
the
Water
,
which
is
as
it
were
the
root
thereof
.
For
the
confirmation
of
this
,
that
this
Heart
may
be
produced
out
of
meer
Water
,
there
is
a
Gentleman
at
this
time
in
the
City
,
of
no
small
worth
,
that
saith
he
had
fair
water
standing
in
a
glass
divers
yeares
,
and
at
last
a
Plant
sprang
out
of
it
.
Also
if
you
put
some
Plants
,
as
Water-mint
,
&c.
into
a
glass
of
fair
water
,
it
wil
germinate
,
and
shoot
out
into
a
great
length
,
and
also
take
root
in
the
Water
,
which
root
will
in
a
short
time
be
so
encreased
,
and
extended
,
as
to
fill
up
the
glass
:
but
you
must
remember
that
you
put
fresh
water
into
the
glasse
once
in
two
or
three
dayes
.
Hereunto
also
may
be
added
the
experiment
of
Helmont
,
concerning
the
growth
of
a
tree
;
For
(
saith
he
)
I
took
two
hundred
pound
weight
of
earth
dryed
in
an
oven
,
and
put
it
into
a
vessel
,
in
which
I
set
a
Willow
tree
which
weighed
five
pound
,
which
by
the
addition
of
water
to
the
earth
,
did
in
five
yeares
time
grow
to
such
a
bignesse
,
as
that
it
weighed
one
hundred
sixty
nine
pound
;
at
which
time
I
also
dryed
and
weighed
the
earth
,
and
within
two
ounces
it
retained
its
former
weight
.
Besides
,
the
ancients
have
observed
that
some
Hearbs
have
grown
out
of
snow
being
putrefied
:
and
do
not
we
see
that
all
Vegetables
are
nourished
,
and
increased
with
an
insipid
water
,
for
what
else
is
their
juice
?
If
you
cut
a
Vine
in
the
month
of
March
,
it
wil
drop
divers
gallons
of
insipid
water
,
which
water
if
it
had
remained
in
the
trunk
of
the
Vine
,
would
in
a
little
time
have
been
digested
into
leaves
,
stalks
,
and
grapes
,
which
grapes
also
by
a
further
maturation
would
have
yeelded
a
Wine
,
out
of
which
you
might
have
extracted
a
burning
spirit
;
Now
I
say
although
this
insipid
water
be
by
the
specificall
Sulphur
and
Salt
of
the
Vine
fixed
into
the
stalks
,
leaves
,
and
grapes
of
the
vine
,
yet
these
give
it
not
a
corporificative
matter
,
for
that
it
had
before
,
and
an
aptitude
and
potentiality
to
become
what
afterwards
it
proves
to
be
:
for
indeed
stalks
,
leaves
,
and
grapes
were
potentially
in
it
before
,
all
which
now
it
becomes
to
be
actually
,
by
vertue
of
the
Sun
,
and
of
the
aforesaid
Sulphur
and
Salt
,
whereof
the
two
latter
were
originally
in
the
smal
seed
,
and
therefore
as
I
said
could
not
adde
any
bulk
to
them
.
Moreover
doe
not
we
see
that
when
things
are
burnt
and
putrefied
,
they
ascend
up
into
the
air
by
way
of
vapour
,
and
fume
,
and
then
descend
by
way
of
insipid
dew
,
or
rain
?
Now
what
do
all
these
signifie
but
that
from
water
are
all
things
produced
,
and
in
it
are
dissimilary
parts
?
2
The
artificiall
processe
is
this
:
take
of
what
water
you
please
,
whether
Well
water
,
Fountaine
,
River
,
or
Raine
water
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
let
it
settle
three
or
four
houres
,
untill
the
slime
thereof
separates
it selfe
:
then
digest
it
the
space
of
a
month
;
after
which
time
evaporate
the
fourth
part
,
by
a
very
gentle
heat
,
and
cast
it
away
being
but
the
flegm
,
then
distil
off
the
remainder
of
the
water
till
the
feces
only
be
left
,
which
feces
will
be
a
slimy
saltish
substance
:
this
middle
substance
distill
again
as
before
,
casting
away
every
time
the
fourth
part
,
as
flegme
,
and
keeping
the
feces
by
themselves
for
a
further
use
;
and
this
doe
seven
times
.
Note
that
after
the
fourth
or
fifth
distillation
the
water
will
distil
over
like
milke
,
colouring
the
head
of
your
Still
so
that
it
can
hardly
be
washed
or
scoured
off
.
This
pure
water
after
the
seventh
distillation
will
leave
no
feces
behind
:
and
if
you
digest
it
three
months
it
will
be
coagulated
into
Stones
and
Crystals
,
which
some
magnifie
very
much
for
the
cure
of
inward
,
and
outward
putrefactions
,
out
of
which
also
may
be
made
a
dissolving
spirit
.
Note
that
as
this
water
stands
in
digestion
you
may
see
divers
curious
colours
.
Now
as
for
the
feces
which
I
spake
of
(
which
indeed
all
waters
even
the
sweetest
leave
at
the
bottome
)
being
as
I
said
a
saltish
slime
,
and
in
taste
as
it
were
a
Medium
betwixt
Salt
,
and
Nitre
;
take
them
and
distill
them
in
a
Retort
in
sand
,
and
there
will
first
come
forth
a
white
fume
,
which
being
condensed
descendeth
in
a
straight
line
to
the
bottome
,
next
will
come
over
a
red
Oyl
of
great
efficacy
,
exceeding
the
vertues
of
the
spirit
of
Salt
or
Nitre
.
For
confirmation
of
part
of
this
processe
,
take
May
dew
gathered
in
a
morning
(
when
it
hath
not
rained
the
night
before
)
and
put
it
into
a
glass
vessel
,
covered
with
a
parchment
pricked
full
of
holes
,
and
set
it
in
the
heat
of
the
Sun
for
the
space
of
four
months
,
and
there
will
store
of
green
feces
fall
to
the
bottome
,
the
residue
of
the
water
being
white
and
clear
.
Now
by
all
this
you
may
conclude
what
manner
of
dissimilarity
there
is
in
the
parts
of
water
.
I
shall
adde
but
one
observation
more
,
and
so
conclude
this
subject
.
Take
a
slint
out
of
River
water
,
and
put
it
into
a
gourd
glasse
,
poure
upon
it
as
much
River
Water
as
will
fill
the
glasse
,
evaporate
this
water
till
the
flint
be
drye
,
then
poure
on
more
fresh
water
,
doe
this
so
long
till
the
flint
will
fill
up
the
glass
,
(
for
in
a
little
time
it
will
fill
it
up
,
and
become
to
be
of
the
forme
or
figure
of
the
glasse
)
for
it
attracts
to
it selfe
the
mucilaginousnesse
of
the
water
,
which
indeed
is
a
slimy
saltish
matter
,
and
the
true
matter
of
Stones
.
And
thus
thou
shalt
have
that
done
by
Art
in
few
dayes
,
which
Nature
would
have
been
perfecting
many
yeares
,
and
indeed
just
such
a
flint
as
is
produced
in
the
Rivers
.
Any
one
that
should
see
this
flint
in
the
glasse
would
wonder
how
it
should
come
in
there
.
You
may
break
your
glasse
and
take
out
the
flint
.
There
are
divers
such
processes
which
may
be
used
,
but
in
effect
they
demonstrate
but
little
more
concerning
the
potentiall
Heterogeneity
of
water
,
and
therefore
to
avoid
tediousnesse
,
I
shall
here
end
with
the
Anatomy
of
Water
,
concerning
which
if
any
one
can
make
a
further
illustration
,
let
him
be
candid
and
impart
it
,
and
I
shall
be
glad
to
learn
of
him
,
and
in
the
meane
time
let
him
accept
of
these
my
endeavours
.
The
Spagyricall
Anatomy
of
Wine
.
I
Shall
not
speak
here
of
the
juice
of
grapes
as
being
naturally
divided
into
Wine
,
Tartar
,
and
Lees
,
but
of
Wine
as
artificially
divided
into
pure
Spirit
,
Flegm
,
and
Feces
.
1
The
spirit
is
that
hot
,
subtle
,
pure
,
clear
,
cordiall
,
and
balsamicall
substance
,
which
ariseth
with
a
small
heat
after
four
or
five
distillations
,
being
indeed
but
the
twentieth
part
of
the
Wine
.
This
spirit
is
not
that
inebriating
substance
of
the
Wine
as
most
think
,
for
a
man
may
drink
the
spirit
that
is
extracted
out
of
ten
pints
of
Wine
without
distempering
of
his
br●in
at
all
,
when
as
perhaps
he
would
be
distempered
with
drinking
a
pint
or
two
of
the
Wine
.
Now
this
spirit
contains
in
it
a
subtle
Armoniack
,
and
essentiall
Sulphur
inseparably
conjoined
,
which
indeed
are
the
life
of
the
spirit
,
and
may
be
separated
from
the
Mercuriall
or
watery
part
thereof
,
which
after
separation
of
them
remains
inspid
,
but
yet
of
wonderfull
subtility
.
They
may
be
separated
thus
:
First
rectifie
the
spirit
as
high
as
you
can
the
ordinary
way
:
then
rectifie
it
once
or
twice
in
th●se
following
vessels
.
Now
this
spirit
or
Aqua
vitae
,
is
in
all
Vegetables
,
as
you
may
see
in
Malt
,
and
Vegetables
that
are
put
refied
before
they
be
distilled
,
which
then
yeeld
a
burning
spirit
;
yet
it
is
in
Wine
more
then
in
any
other
Liquors
:
I
say
Liquors
,
for
if
you
take
eight
gallons
of
Sack
,
and
as
much
Wheat
,
which
is
a
solid
body
,
the
Wheat
being
malted
,
will
yeeld
more
Aqua
vitae
then
the
Sack
.
2
The
flegm
is
that
which
remains
after
the
spirit
is
distilled
off
,
and
is
a
putrid
,
insipid
,
cold
,
narcotick
,
and
inebriating
Liquor
,
debilitating
the
stomach
and
offending
the
head
.
A
few
spoonfuls
of
this
will
presently
make
a
man
drunk
,
nay
the
flegm
of
half
a
pint
of
Wine
will
make
a
man
drunk
,
when
as
two
pints
of
Wine
it selfe
would
hardly
doe
it
:
whence
you
may
collect
what
a
great
corrector
of
Malignant
spirits
,
and
vapours
the
spirit
of
Wine
is
;
which
,
whilest
it
is
mixed
with
the
flegm
before
distillation
,
doth
temper
and
correct
this
inebriating
quality
thereof
,
and
as
it
doth
thus
,
so
also
being
given
(
I
mean
the
pure
deflegmated
spirit
)
to
them
that
are
already
inebriated
,
doth
much
allay
their
distemper
.
This
flegm
therefore
being
of
so
narcotick
a
quality
is
the
cause
of
Palsies
,
and
such
like
distempers
.
Moreover
it
is
to
be
observed
that
when
this
flegm
is
to
be
distilled
off
,
there
remains
at
the
bottom
a
viscous
corrosive
matter
,
which
by
reason
of
its
viscosity
is
the
cause
of
obstructions
,
and
by
reason
of
its
corrosivenesse
the
cause
of
the
gout
,
colick
,
stone
,
&c.
3
This
feces
being
distilled
yeelds
a
sharp
spirit
,
and
fetid
oyl
,
which
leave
behind
them
a
saltish
substance
,
out
of
which
when
the
salt
is
extracted
,
there
remains
an
insipid
earth
.
Now
if
any
shall
object
against
what
I
have
asserted
,
and
say
that
Aqua
vitae
,
or
spirit
of
Wine
are
inebriating
,
the
causes
of
Palfie
,
stone
,
gout
,
colick
,
weak
stomachs
,
and
such
like
:
as
we
see
by
dayly
experience
in
those
that
are
given
to
the
drinking
of
these
Liquors
:
to
which
I
answer
it
is
true
:
but
then
I
must
distinguish
of
Aqua
vitae
,
and
spirit
of
Wine
,
for
there
is
a
common
Aqua
vitae
,
and
spirit
of
Wine
,
of
which
also
they
make
Aniseed
water
by
putting
a
few
Aniseeds
thereunto
,
and
other
such
like
waters
,
as
Clove
,
Angelica
,
Lemmon
,
&c.
With
which
this
Nation
is
most
abominably
cheated
,
and
their
health
impaired
.
But
these
are
not
rectified
throughly
,
but
three
parts
of
four
of
them
are
an
insipid
Narcotick
flegm
,
containing
in
it
the
feces
I
spake
of
,
all
which
I
can
in
a
day
separate
from
the
true
pure
spirit
,
which
spirit
rather
prevents
then
causes
such
distempers
:
And
the
truth
is
,
all
the
goodnesse
of
the
Wine
is
from
this
pure
spirit
.
The
famous
Arcanum
,
or
restorative
Medicament
of
Paracelsus
,
called
his
Homunculus
.
FIrst
we
must
understand
that
there
are
three
acceptions
of
the
word
Homunculus
in
Paracelsus
,
which
are
these
.
1
Homunculus
is
a
superstitious
image
made
in
the
place
or
name
of
any
one
,
that
it
may
contain
an
Astrall
and
invisible
man
;
wherefore
it
was
made
for
a
superstitious
use
.
2
Homunculus
is
taken
for
an
artificiall
man
,
made
of
Sperm̄a
humamum
Masculinum
,
digested
into
the
shape
of
a
man
,
and
then
nourished
and
encreased
with
the
essence
of
mans
bloud
;
and
this
is
not
repugnant
to
the
possibility
of
Nature
and
Art
.
But
is
one
of
the
greatest
wonders
of
God
which
he
ever
did
suffer
mortall
man
to
know
.
I
shall
not
here
set
down
the
full
processe
because
I
think
it
unfit
to
be
done
,
at
least
to
be
divulged
:
besides
,
neither
this
nor
the
former
is
for
my
present
purpose
.
3
Homuncu●us
is
taken
for
a
most
excellent
Arcanum
or
Medicament
extracted
by
the
spagyricall
Art
,
from
the
chiefest
staffe
of
the
naturall
life
in
man
,
and
according
to
this
acception
I
shall
here
speak
of
it
:
But
before
I
shew
you
the
processe
I
shall
give
you
an
account
why
this
Medicament
is
called
Homunculus
;
and
it
is
this
.
No
wise
man
will
deny
that
the
staffe
of
life
is
the
nutriment
thereof
,
and
that
the
chiefest
nutriment
is
Bread
and
Wine
,
being
ordained
by
God
and
Nature
above
all
other
things
for
the
sustentation
thereof
.
Besides
Paracelsus
preferred
this
nutriment
for
the
generation
of
the
bloud
and
spirits
,
and
the
forming
thence
the
Sperm
of
this
Homunculus
.
Now
by
a
sutable
allusion
the
nutriment
is
taken
for
the
life
of
man
,
and
especially
because
it
is
transmuted
into
life
:
and
again
the
life
is
taken
for
the
man
,
for
unlesse
a
man
be
alive
he
is
not
a
man
,
but
the
carcasse
only
of
a
man
,
and
the
basest
part
thereof
,
which
cannot
perfectly
be
taken
for
the
whole
man
,
as
the
noblest
part
may
.
In
as
much
therefore
as
the
nutriment
,
or
aliment
of
life
may
be
called
the
life
of
man
,
and
the
life
of
man
be
called
man
;
this
nutriment
extracted
out
of
Bread
and
Wine
,
and
being
by
digestion
exalted
into
the
highest
purity
of
a
nutritive
substance
,
and
consequently
becoming
the
life
of
man
,
being
so
potentially
,
may
Metaphorically
be
called
Homunculus
.
The
processe
,
which
in
part
shall
be
set
down
allegorically
is
thus
:
Take
the
best
Wheat
and
the
best
Wine
,
of
each
a
like
quantity
,
put
them
into
a
glasse
,
which
you
must
hermetically
close
:
then
let
them
putrefie
in
horse
dung
three
days
,
or
until
the
Wheat
begin
to
germinate
,
or
to
sprout
forth
,
which
then
must
be
taken
forth
and
bruised
in
a
Mortar
,
and
be
pressed
through
a
linnen
cloth
,
and
there
will
come
forth
a
white
juice
like
milk
;
you
must
cast
away
the
feces
:
Let
this
juice
be
put
into
a
glasse
,
which
must
not
be
above
half
full
;
stop
it
close
and
set
it
in
horse
dung
as
before
,
for
the
space
of
fifty
days
.
If
the
heat
be
temperate
,
and
not
exceeding
the
naturall
heat
of
a
man
,
the
matter
will
be
turned
into
a
spagyricall
bloud
,
and
flesh
,
like
an
Embryo
.
This
is
the
principal
,
and
next
matter
,
out
of
which
is
generated
a
twofold
sperm
,
viz.
of
the
father
and
mother
,
generating
the
Homunculus
,
without
which
there
can
be
made
no
generation
,
whether
humane
,
or
animall
.
From
the
bloud
,
and
flesh
of
this
Embryo
let
the
water
be
separated
in
Balneo
,
and
the
air
in
ashes
,
and
both
be
kept
by
themselves
.
Then
to
the
feces
of
the
latter
distillation
let
the
water
of
the
former
distillation
be
added
,
both
which
must
(
the
glasse
being
close
stopt
)
putrefie
in
Balneo
the
space
of
ten
days
,
after
this
distill
the
water
the
second
time
,
(
which
is
then
the
vehiculum
of
the
first
)
together
with
the
fire
,
in
ashes
,
then
distill
off
this
water
in
a
gentle
Balneo
,
and
in
the
bottom
remains
the
fire
which
must
be
distilled
in
ashes
.
Keep
both
these
a
part
.
And
thus
you
have
the
four
Elements
separated
from
the
Chaos
of
the
Embryo
.
The
feculent
earth
is
to
be
reverberated
in
a
close
vessel
for
the
space
of
four
dayes
:
In
the
interim
distil
off
the
fourth
part
of
the
first
distillation
in
Balneo
,
and
cast
it
away
;
the
other
three
parts
distill
in
ashes
,
and
pour
it
upon
the
reverberated
earth
,
and
distill
it
in
a
strong
fire
;
cohobate
it
four
times
,
and
so
you
shall
have
a
very
clear
water
,
which
you
must
keep
by
it self
:
Then
pour
the
air
on
the
same
earth
,
and
distil
it
in
a
strong
fire
,
and
there
will
come
over
a
clear
,
splendid
,
odoriferous
water
,
which
must
be
kept
apart
:
After
this
pour
the
fire
upon
the
first
water
,
and
putrefie
them
together
in
Balneo
the
space
of
three
days
,
then
put
them
into
a
Retort
and
distil
them
in
sand
,
and
there
will
come
over
a
water
tasting
of
the
fire
:
let
this
water
be
distilled
in
Balneo
,
and
what
distils
off
keep
by
it self
,
as
also
what
remains
in
the
bottome
,
which
is
the
fire
,
keep
by
it self
.
This
last
distilled
water
pour
again
upon
its
earth
,
and
let
them
be
macerated
together
in
Balneo
for
the
space
of
three
dayes
,
and
then
let
all
the
water
be
distilled
in
sand
,
and
let
what
will
arise
be
separated
in
Balneo
,
and
the
residence
remaining
in
the
bottome
be
reserved
with
the
former
residence
.
Let
the
water
be
again
poured
upon
the
earth
,
be
abstracted
,
and
separated
as
before
,
untill
nothing
remain
in
the
bottom
,
which
is
not
separated
in
Balneo
.
This
being
done
,
let
the
water
which
was
last
separated
be
mixed
with
the
residue
of
its
fire
,
and
be
macerated
in
Balneo
three
or
four
dayes
,
and
all
be
distilled
in
Balneo
,
that
can
ascend
with
that
heat
,
and
let
what
remains
be
distilled
in
ashes
from
the
fire
,
and
what
shall
be
elevated
is
aeriall
;
and
what
remains
in
the
bottome
is
fiery
.
These
two
last
Liquors
are
ascribed
to
the
two
first
principles
,
the
former
to
Mercury
,
and
the
latter
to
Sulphur
,
and
are
accounted
by
Paracelsus
,
not
as
Elements
,
but
their
vitall
parts
,
being
as
it
were
the
natural
spirits
and
soul
,
which
are
in
them
by
nature
.
Now
both
are
to
be
rectified
,
and
reflected
into
their
center
with
a
circular
motion
,
that
this
Mercury
may
be
prepared
with
its
water
being
kept
clear
,
and
odoriferous
in
the
upper
place
,
but
the
Sulphur
by
it self
.
Now
it
remains
that
we
look
into
the
third
principle
:
let
the
reverberated
earth
being
ground
upon
a
marble
imbibe
it
s
owne
water
,
which
did
above
remain
after
the
last
separation
of
the
Liquors
made
in
Balneo
,
so
that
this
be
the
fourth
part
of
the
weight
of
its
earth
,
and
be
congealed
by
the
heat
of
ashes
into
its
earth
,
and
let
this
be
done
so
oft
,
the
proportion
being
observed
,
untill
the
earth
hath
drunk
up
all
its
water
.
And
lastly
let
this
earth
be
sublimed
into
a
white
powder
,
as
white
as
snow
,
the
feces
being
cast
away
.
This
earth
being
sublimed
and
freed
from
its
obscurity
is
the
true
Chaos
of
the
Elements
,
for
it
contains
those
things
occult
,
seeing
it
is
the
salt
of
nature
,
in
which
they
lye
hid
,
being
as
it
were
reflected
in
their
center
.
This
is
the
third
principle
of
Paracelsus
,
and
the
salt
,
which
is
the
matrix
,
in
which
the
two
former
sperms
,
viz.
of
the
man
and
woman
,
the
parents
of
the
Homunculus
,
viz.
of
Mercury
and
Sulphur
,
are
to
be
put
,
and
to
be
closed
up
together
in
a
glazen
womb
sealed
with
Hermes
seals
for
the
true
generation
of
the
Homunculus
produced
from
the
spagyricall
Embryo
:
and
this
is
the
Homunculus
or
great
Arcanum
,
otherwise
called
the
nutritive
Medicament
of
Paracelsus
.
This
Homunculus
or
nutritive
Medicament
,
is
of
such
vertue
that
presently
after
it
is
taken
into
the
body
,
it
is
turned
into
bloud
,
and
spirits
.
If
then
diseases
prove
mortall
because
they
destroy
the
spirits
,
what
mortal
disease
can
withstand
such
a
medicine
,
that
doth
so
soon
repair
,
and
so
strongly
fortifie
the
spirits
as
this
Homunculus
being
as
the
oyl
to
the
flame
,
into
which
it
is
immediately
turned
,
thereby
renewing
the
same
?
By
this
Medicament
therefore
,
as
diseases
are
overcome
,
and
expelled
,
so
also
youth
is
renewed
,
and
gray
hairs
prevented
.
An
Artificiall
way
to
make
Flesh
.
TAke
of
the
crums
of
the
best
wheaten
bread
assoon
as
it
comes
forth
out
of
the
Oven
being
very
hot
,
as
much
as
you
please
,
put
it
into
a
glasse
vessell
,
which
you
must
presently
hermetically
close
.
Then
set
it
in
digestion
in
a
temperate
Balneo
,
the
space
of
two
months
,
and
it
will
be
turned
into
a
fibrous
flesh
.
If
any
Artist
please
to
exalt
it
to
a
higher
perfection
according
to
the
Rules
of
Art
,
he
may
find
out
,
how
great
a
nourisher
,
and
restorative
Wheat
is
,
and
what
an
excellent
medicine
it
may
make
.
Note
that
there
must
be
no
other
moisture
put
into
the
glass
besides
what
is
in
the
bread
it self
.
Paracelsus
his
way
for
the
raising
of
a
dead
bird
to
life
,
and
for
the
generating
many
Serpents
of
one
,
both
which
are
performed
by
putrefaction
.
A
Bird
is
restored
to
life
thus
,
viz.
Take
a
Bird
,
put
it
alive
into
a
gourd
glasse
,
and
seal
it
up
hermetically
,
burn
it
to
ashes
in
the
third
degree
of
fire
,
then
putrefie
it
in
horse
dung
into
a
mucilaginous
flegm
,
and
so
by
a
continued
digestion
that
flegm
must
be
brought
to
a
further
maturity
(
being
taken
out
,
and
put
into
an
ovall
vessell
of
a
just
bignesse
to
hold
it
)
by
an
exact
digestion
,
and
will
so
become
a
renewed
bird
:
which
saith
Pa●acelsus
is
one
of
the
greatest
wonders
in
Nature
,
and
shews
the
great
vertue
of
putrefaction
.
2
Cut
a
Serpent
into
small
pieces
,
which
put
into
a
gourd
glasse
which
you
must
Hermetically
seal
up
,
then
putrefie
them
in
horse
dung
,
and
the
whole
Serpent
will
become
living
again
in
the
glasse
,
in
the
form
either
of
worms
or
spawne
of
fishes
;
Now
if
these
worms
be
in
a
fitting
manner
,
brought
out
of
putrefaction
,
and
nourished
;
many
hundred
Serpents
will
be
bred
out
of
one
Serpent
,
whereof
every
one
will
be
as
big
as
the
first
.
And
as
it
is
said
of
the
Serpent
,
so
also
many
other
living
creatures
may
be
raised
,
and
restored
again
.
To
make
an
artificiall
Mallago
Wine
.
First
take
a
wine
barrell
well
hooped
and
dressed
,
with
one
end
being
open
,
to
which
a
close
cover
must
be
well
fitted
,
which
must
be
to
take
off
and
put
on
at
pleasure
.
Set
it
in
a
warm
place
Winter
or
Summer
,
and
fill
it
full
with
clear
and
pure
water
,
to
each
three
gallons
,
put
six
pound
of
the
best
Mallago
Raisins
,
which
you
must
bruise
in
a
stone
Mortar
,
and
then
strow
upon
the
water
,
upon
each
twenty
gallons
of
which
you
must
cast
a
handfull
of
Calxvive
,
then
cover
the
vessell
close
with
the
cover
,
and
cast
clothes
upon
it
to
keep
it
warm
,
and
let
it
stand
four
or
five
dayes
to
work
as
Wine
or
Beer
doe
when
they
be
new
:
then
see
if
the
Raisins
be
risen
up
to
the
top
of
the
Water
;
if
so
,
then
put
them
down
again
,
and
cover
it
again
as
before
;
let
them
thus
stand
three
weeks
or
a
month
together
,
the
Raisins
being
every
fourth
or
fifth
day
put
down
in
case
they
rise
up
.
Then
put
a
tap
into
the
vessell
three
or
four
fingers
above
the
bottome
,
and
try
if
it
be
good
,
and
taste
like
Wine
;
if
not
,
let
it
stand
a
while
longer
,
but
if
so
,
draw
it
off
into
another
wine
vessell
,
and
to
every
twenty
gallons
that
you
have
drawn
off
,
put
a
pint
of
the
best
Aqua
vitae
,
two
new
laid
Hen-egs
,
and
a
quart
of
Alligant
beaten
well
together
,
and
let
it
stand
in
a
cellar
as
other
wine
doth
,
till
it
be
clear
and
fit
to
be
drunk
.
To
make
an
artificiall
Claret
wine
.
Take
six
gallons
of
water
,
two
gallons
of
the
best
Cidar
,
put
thereunto
eight
pound
of
the
best
.
Mallago
Raisins
bruised
in
a
Mortar
,
let
them
stand
close
covered
in
a
warm
place
the
space
of
a
fortnight
,
every
two
days
stirring
them
well
together
,
then
presse
out
the
Raisins
and
put
the
Liquor
into
the
said
vessell
again
:
to
which
adde
a
quart
of
the
juice
of
Rasp-berries
,
and
a
pint
of
the
juice
of
Black
cherries
,
cover
this
Liquor
with
Bread
spread
thick
with
strong
Mustard
,
the
Mustard
side
being
downward
,
and
so
let
it
work
by
the
fire
side
three
or
four
days
,
then
tun
it
up
,
and
let
it
stand
a
week
,
&
then
bottle
it
up
.
And
it
will
taste
as
quick
as
bottle-beer
,
and
indeed
become
a
very
pleasant
drink
,
and
indeed
farre
better
,
and
wholsomer
then
our
common
Claret
.
An
artificiall
Malmsey
.
Take
two
gallons
of
English
honey
,
put
it
into
eight
gallons
of
the
best
Spring
water
,
set
these
in
a
vessell
over
a
gentle
fire
,
when
they
have
boyled
gently
an
hour
take
them
off
,
and
when
they
be
cold
put
them
into
a
smal
barrell
or
run
let
,
hanging
in
the
vessell
a
bag
of
spices
and
set
it
in
the
cellar
,
and
in
half
a
year
you
may
drink
thereof
.
To
make
an
excellent
aromaticall
Hyppocras
.
Take
of
Cinnamon
two
ounces
,
Ginger
an
ounce
,
Cloves
and
Nutmegs
of
each
two
drams
,
of
white
Pepper
half
a
dram
,
of
Cardamums
two
drams
;
of
Musk
Mallow
seed
,
three
ounces
.
Let
all
these
be
bruised
,
and
put
into
a
bag
and
hanged
in
six
gallons
of
Wine
.
Note
that
you
must
put
a
weight
in
the
bag
to
make
it
sink
.
Some
boyl
these
spices
in
Wine
,
which
they
then
sweeten
with
sugar
,
and
then
let
run
through
a
Hyppocras
bag
,
and
afterwards
bottle
it
up
,
and
use
when
they
please
.
A
single
Hypocras
bag
,
or
Manica
Hippocratis
.
When
you
would
have
this
or
any
other
Liquor
to
be
very
clear
,
you
may
use
the
triple
Hypocras
bag
,
for
what
feces
passeth
the
first
will
stay
in
the
second
,
and
what
in
the
second
will
stay
in
the
last
.
Note
that
these
bags
must
be
made
of
white
Cotton
.
A
triple
Hypocras
bag
is
only
one
hanging
above
another
after
this
manner
.
To
make
an
excellent
Hypocras
Wine
in
an
instant
.
Take
of
Cinnamon
two
ounces
,
Nurmegs
,
Ginger
,
of
each
half
an
ounce
,
Cloves
two
drams
bruise
these
small
,
then
mix
them
with
as
as
much
Spirit
of
Wine
as
will
make
them
into
a
paste
,
let
them
stand
close
covered
in
a
glass
the
space
of
six
days
in
a
cold
place
then
presse
ou●
the
Liquor
,
and
keep
it
in
a
glass
.
A
few
drops
of
this
Liquor
put
into
any
Wine
giveth
it
a
gallant
relish
,
and
odour
,
and
maketh
it
as
good
as
any
Hypocras
whatsoever
,
and
that
in
an
instant
.
Note
that
if
the
Wine
be
of
it selfe
harsh
,
it
will
not
be
amisse
to
sweeten
it
with
Sugar
,
for
thereby
it
is
made
far
more
gratefull
.
This
also
being
put
into
Beer
will
make
it
very
pleasant
,
and
aromaticall
.
Another
way
to
make
Hypocras
,
or
to
make
any
Wine
to
tast
of
any
vegetable
in
an
instant
.
Take
what
Wine
you
please
,
and
according
as
you
would
have
it
tast
of
this
or
that
spice
,
or
any
other
vegetable
,
of
one
or
more
together
,
you
may
drop
a
few
drops
of
the
distilled
oil
of
the
said
spices
,
or
vegetables
into
the
Wine
,
and
brew
them
well
together
,
and
you
may
make
in
an
instant
all
sorts
of
Hypocras
or
other
Wines
:
as
for
example
,
if
you
would
have
Wormwood
Wine
,
two
or
three
drops
of
oil
of
Wormwood
put
into
good
Rhenish-wine
,
being
well
brewed
together
,
will
make
a
Wormword
Wine
exceeding
any
that
you
shall
meet
withall
in
the
Rhenish-wine
houses
.
To
make
a
good
Rasberry-wine
.
Take
a
gallon
of
Sack
,
in
which
let
two
gallons
of
Raspberries
stand
steeping
the
space
of
twenty
four
houres
;
then
strain
them
,
and
put
to
the
Liquor
three
pound
of
Raisins
of
the
sun
stoned
;
let
them
stand
together
foure
or
five
days
,
bring
sometimes
stirred
together
:
Then
pour
off
the
clearest
,
and
put
it
up
in
bottles
,
and
set
it
in
a
cold
place
,
If
it
be
not
sweet
enough
you
may
adde
some
Sugar
to
it
.
Two
other
wayes
to
make
it
all
the
year
at
an
instant
.
Take
of
the
juice
of
Raspberries
,
put
it
into
a
bottle
,
which
you
must
stop
close
,
and
set
in
a
cellar
,
and
it
will
become
clear
,
and
keep
all
the
year
,
and
become
very
fragrant
.
A
few
sponfulls
of
this
put
into
a
pint
of
Wine
sweetned
well
with
Sugar
gives
it
an
excellent
and
full
tast
of
the
Raspes
.
If
you
put
two
or
three
ounces
of
the
Syrup
of
Raspes
to
a
pint
of
Wine
it
will
doe
as
well
,
but
then
you
need
use
no
other
Sugar
,
for
that
will
sweeteen
it
sufficiently
.
To
make
Mead
or
Metheglin
that
it
shall
tast
stale
and
quick
within
a
fortnight
and
be
fit
to
drink
.
To
every
three
gallons
of
water
,
put
one
gallon
of
the
purest
Honey
,
put
what
hearbs
and
spices
you
please
,
boyl
it
,
and
skim
it
well
,
now
and
then
putting
in
some
water
.
When
it
is
sufficiently
boyled
take
it
off
,
and
when
it
is
almost
cold
,
put
it
into
a
wooden
vessell
,
and
set
it
by
the
sire
side
,
cover
it
over
with
Bread
spread
thick
with
the
strongest
Mustard
,
the
Mustard
side
being
downwards
,
and
so
let
it
stand
three
dayes
,
and
it
will
worke
,
only
put
a
cloth
over
it
:
Then
tunne
it
up
,
and
after
a
week
draw
it
forth
into
bottles
,
and
set
it
into
a
cellar
,
and
after
a
week
more
you
may
drink
of
it
,
for
it
will
taste
as
quick
as
bottle
beer
that
is
a
fortnight
old
,
and
indeed
as
stale
as
other
Mead
will
in
half
a
year
.
To
make
a
Spirit
of
Amber-gryse
that
a
few
drops
thereof
shall
perfume
a
pint
of
Wine
most
richly
.
Take
of
Amber-gryse
2.
drams
,
of
Musk
a
dram
,
cut
them
small
,
and
put
them
into
a
pint
of
the
b●st
rectified
Spirit
of
Wine
,
close
up
the
glasse
Hermetically
,
and
digest
them
in
a
very
gentle
heat
till
you
perceive
they
are
dissolved
.
Then
you
may
make
use
of
it
.
Two
or
three
drops
or
more
if
you
please
of
this
Spirit
put
into
a
pint
of
Wine
,
gives
it
a
rich
odour
.
Or
if
you
put
2.
or
3.
drops
round
the
brimmes
of
the
glasse
it
will
do
as
well
.
Half
a
spoonfull
of
it
taken
either
of
it self
,
or
mixed
with
some
speciall
Liquor
,
is
a
most
rich
Cordiall
.
An
excellent
sweet
Water
.
Take
a
quart
of
Orenge-flower
water
,
as
much
Rose-water
,
adde
thereto
of
Musk-mallow
seeds
grossely
bruised
four
ounces
,
of
B●njamin
two
ounces
,
of
Storax
an
ounce
,
of
Labdanum
six
drams
,
of
Lavender
flowers
two
pugills
,
of
sweet
Marjoram
as
much
,
of
Calamus
Aromaticus
a
dram
,
distill
all
these
in
a
Glasse
Still
in
Balneo
,
the
vessels
being
very
well
closed
that
no
vapour
breath
forth
.
Note
that
you
may
make
a
sweet
water
in
an
instant
by
putting
a
few
drops
of
some
distilled
oils
together
into
some
Rose-water
,
and
brewing
them
well
together
.
To
purifie
and
give
an
excellent
smell
,
and
tast
unto
oil
Olive
that
they
that
loath
it
may
delight
to
eat
it
.
Take
of
a
good
sort
of
oil
Olive
though
not
of
the
best
,
put
the
same
into
a
vessell
of
earth
or
copper
,
that
hath
a
little
hole
in
the
bottome
thereof
,
which
you
may
stop
with
wax
or
a
cork
to
open
at
your
pleasure
.
In
this
vessell
for
every
quart
of
oil
adde
four
quarts
of
fair
water
,
and
with
a
wood●n
spatle
or
spoon
,
beat
them
well
together
for
a
quarter
of
an
houres
space
,
and
when
you
have
so
done
,
op●n
the
hole
in
the
bottome
,
and
let
out
the
water
,
for
the
oil
doth
naturally
fleet
above
,
as
being
the
lighter
body
▪
and
assoon
as
the
water
is
pass●d
away
,
stop
the
hole
,
and
put
in
other
cold
water
,
and
begin
a
new
agitation
as
before
,
and
worke
in
the
like
manner
divers
times
as
you
did
at
the
first
,
till
in
the
end
the
oil
be
well
cleansed
and
clarified
.
If
the
last
time
you
work
it
with
Rose-water
it
will
be
so
much
the
better
then
hang
in
the
midst
of
the
oil
a
course
bag
full
of
Nutmegs
sliced
,
and
Cloves
bruised
,
and
the
rinds
of
Orenges
and
Lemons
cut
small
,
and
set
the
vessell
in
Balneo
for
two
or
three
hou●es
,
and
I
suppose
he
that
loaths
oil
will
be
easily
by
this
meanes
drawn
to
a
liking
of
it
.
Another
way
.
Set
oil
Olive
in
the
sunne
in
summer-time
untill
there
settle
good
store
of
foule
,
and
grosse
Lees
,
from
the
which
by
declination
poure
out
the
clear
oil
,
and
keep
it
till
the
next
winter
,
and
after
the
same
hath
been
congealed
with
some
frosty
weather
,
the
oil
will
be
most
sweet
,
and
delectable
to
the
tast
.
After
this
manner
you
may
clarifie
all
thick
oils
,
and
all
kinds
of
grease
,
but
then
you
must
use
warme
water
in
stead
of
cold
.
To
purifie
Butter
that
it
shall
keep
fresh
and
sweet
a
long
time
,
and
be
most
wonderfull
sweet
in
tast
.
Dissolve
butter
in
a
clean
glazed
or
silver
vessell
and
in
a
pan
or
kettle
of
water
with
a
slow
,
and
gentle
fire
,
then
pour
the
same
so
dissolved
into
a
bason
that
hath
some
faire
water
therein
,
and
when
it
is
cold
,
take
away
the
curds
,
and
the
whay
that
remain
in
the
bottome
.
And
if
you
will
be
at
the
charge
thereof
,
you
may
the
second
time
for
it
must
be
twice
dissolved
)
dissolve
the
Butter
in
Rose-water
,
working
them
well
together
:
the
Butter
thus
clarified
will
be
as
swe●t
in
tast
as
the
marrow
of
any
beast
,
by
reason
of
the
great
impurity
that
is
removed
by
this
manner
of
handling
the
fift
pa●t
thereof
being
drosse
,
which
makes
the
Butter
many
times
offensive
to
the
stomach
.
To
make
Butter
tast
of
any
vegetable
without
altering
the
colour
thereof
.
When
the
Butter
is
taken
out
of
the
cherne
and
well
worked
from
the
ser●us
part
thereof
,
mix
with
the
said
Butter
as
much
of
the
oil
o●
that
vegetable
which
you
like
best
,
till
the
same
be
strong
enough
in
tast
to
your
liking
,
then
temper
them
well
together
.
If
you
do
in
the
month
of
May
mix
some
oil
of
Sage
with
your
B●tter
it
may
excuse
you
from
eating
Sage
with
your
butter
.
If
you
mix
the
oil
with
the
aforesaid
clarified
Butter
,
it
will
be
farre
better
,
and
serve
for
a
most
dainty
dish
,
and
indeed
a
great
rarity
.
To
make
Cheese
tast
strong
of
any
vegetable
without
discolouring
of
it
.
You
may
mix
the
distilled
oil
of
what
vegetable
you
would
have
the
Cheese
tast
of
,
with
the
curd
,
before
the
whay
be
pressed
out
;
but
be
sure
you
mix
them
very
well
that
all
places
may
tast
alike
of
it
;
you
may
make
it
tast
stronger
,
or
weaker
of
it
as
you
please
by
putting
in
more
or
lesse
of
the
oil
.
To
purifie
and
refine
Sugar
.
Make
a
strong
Lixiuium
of
Calx
vive
,
whereing
dissolve
as
much
course
Sugar
as
the
Livivium
will
beare
,
then
put
in
the
white
of
Egges
(
of
2
to
every
part
of
the
Liquor
)
being
beaten
into
an
oil
,
stir
them
well
together
,
and
let
them
boyl
a
little
,
and
there
will
arise
a
scum
which
must
be
taken
off
as
lo●g
as
any
will
arise
,
then
poure
all
the
Liquor
through
a
great
Wollen
cloth
bag
,
and
so
the
feces
will
remain
behinde
in
the
bag
,
then
boyl
the
Liquor
again
so
long
till
some
drops
of
it
being
put
upon
a
cold
plate
will
,
when
they
be
cold
,
be
congealed
as
hard
as
salt
.
Then
pour
out
the
Liquor
into
pots
,
or
moulds
made
for
that
purpose
,
having
a
hole
in
the
narrower
end
thereof
,
which
must
be
stopped
for
one
night
after
,
and
after
that
night
be
opened
,
and
there
will
a
moist
substance
drop
forth
which
is
called
Molosses
,
or
Treakle
,
then
with
potters
clay
cover
the
ends
of
the
pot
,
&
as
that
clay
sinketh
down
by
reason
of
the
sinking
of
the
Sugar
,
fill
them
up
with
more
clay
,
repeating
the
doing
thereof
till
the
Sugar
shrink
no
more
.
Then
take
it
out
till
it
be
hard
,
and
dryed
,
then
bind
it
up
in
papers
.
To
make
a
vegetabl●
grow
and
become
more
glorious
then
any
of
its
species
.
Reduce
any
vagetable
into
its
three
first
principles
,
and
then
joyne
them
together
again
being
well
purified
,
and
put
the
same
into
a
rich
earth
,
and
you
shall
have
it
produce
a
vegetable
far
more
glorious
then
any
of
its
species
.
Note
how
to
make
such
an
essence
,
look
into
the
first
book
,
and
there
you
shall
see
the
processe
thereof
.
To
make
a
Plant
grow
in
two
or
three
houres
.
Take
the
ashes
of
Mosse
,
moisten
them
with
the
juice
of
an
old
dunghill
being
first
pressed
forth
,
and
streined
,
then
dry
them
a
little
,
and
moisten
them
as
before
,
do
this
four
or
five
times
,
put
this
mixture
being
neither
very
dry
,
nor
very
moist
,
into
some
earthen
,
or
metalline
vessell
;
and
in
it
set
the
seeds
of
Lettice
,
Purslain
or
Parsly
(
because
they
will
grow
sooner
then
other
Plants
)
being
first
in
pregnated
with
the
essence
of
a
vegetable
of
its
own
species
,
(
the
processe
whereof
you
shall
find
Book
1.
page
32
,
33.
)
till
they
begin
to
sprout
forth
,
then
I
say
,
put
them
in
the
said
earth
with
that
end
upwards
which
sprouts
forth
:
Then
put
the
vessell
into
a
gentle
heat
,
and
when
it
begins
to
dry
,
moisten
it
with
some
of
the
said
joyce
of
dung
.
Thou
maiest
by
this
meanes
have
a
Sallet
grow
whilest
supper
is
making
ready
.
To
make
the
Idea
of
any
Plant
appear
in
a
glasse
,
as
if
the
very
plant
it selfe
were
there
.
The
processe
of
this
thou
maist
see
,
pag.
32.
and
therefore
I
need
not
here
again
repeat
it
,
only
remember
that
if
you
put
the
flame
of
a
candle
to
the
bo●tome
of
the
glasse
where
the
essence
is
,
by
which
it
may
be
made
hot
,
you
wil
see
that
thin
substance
which
is
like
impalpable
ashes
or
salt
send
forth
from
the
bottome
of
the
glasse
the
manifest
forme
of
a
vegetable
,
vegetating
and
growing
by
little
,
and
little
,
and
putting
on
so
fully
the
forme
of
stalkes
,
leaves
,
and
flowers
in
such
perfect
,
and
naturall
wise
in
apparent
shew
,
that
any
one
would
believe
verily
the
same
to
be
naturally
corporall
,
when
as
in
truth
it
is
the
spirituall
Idea
,
endued
with
a
spirituall
essence
;
which
serveth
for
no
other
purpose
,
but
to
be
matched
with
its
fitting
earth
,
that
so
it
may
take
unto
it self
a
more
solid
body
.
This
shadowed
figure
assoon
as
the
vess●ll
is
taken
from
the
fire
,
returnes
to
its
ashes
again
and
vanisheth
away
,
becoming
a
Chaos
,
and
confused
matter
.
To
make
Firre-trees
appear
in
Turpentine
.
Take
as
much
Turpentine
as
you
please
,
put
it
into
a
Retort
,
distill
it
by
degrees
,
when
all
is
distilled
off
▪
keep
the
Retort
still
in
a
reasonable
heat
,
that
what
humidity
is
still
remaining
may
be
evaporated
,
and
it
become
dry
:
Then
take
this
off
from
the
fire
and
hold
your
hand
to
the
bottome
of
the
Retort
,
and
the
Turpentine
that
is
dried
(
which
is
called
Colophonia
)
will
crack
asunder
in
severall
places
,
and
in
those
crackes
or
chaps
you
shall
see
the
perfect
effigies
or
Firre-trees
which
will
there
continue
many
moneths
.
To
make
Harts-horn
seemingly
to
grow
in
a
glasse
.
Take
Harts-horn
broken
into
small
pieces
,
and
put
them
into
a
glasse
Retort
to
be
distilled
,
and
you
shall
see
the
glasse
to
be
seemingly
full
of
horns
,
which
will
continue
there
so
long
till
the
volatile
salt
come
over
.
To
make
golden
mountains
as
it
were
appeare
in
a
glasse
.
Take
of
Adders
egges
half
a
pound
,
put
them
into
a
glasse
Retort
,
distill
them
by
degrees
,
when
all
is
dry
,
you
shall
see
the
feces
at
the
bottome
turgid
,
and
puffed
up
,
and
seem
to
be
as
it
were
golden
mountains
,
being
very
glorious
to
behold
.
To
make
the
representation
of
the
whole
World
in
a
Classe
.
Take
of
the
purest
salt
Nitre
as
much
as
you
please
,
of
Tin
half
so
much
,
mix
them
together
,
and
calcine
them
Hermetically
,
then
put
them
into
a
Retort
,
to
which
ann●x
a
glasse
receiver
,
and
l●●e
them
well
together
,
let
there
be
leaves
of
gold
put
into
the
bottome
thereof
,
then
put
fire
to
the
R●tort
,
untill
vapours
arise
that
will
cleave
to
the
gold
:
a●gment
the
fire
till
no
more
fumes
ascend
,
then
take
away
the
Receiver
,
and
close
it
Hermetically
,
and
make
a
lamp
fire
under
it
,
and
you
will
see
presented
in
it
the
Sun
,
Moone
,
Stars
,
Fountains
Flowers
,
Trees
,
fruits
,
and
indeed
even
all
things
,
which
is
a
glorious
sight
to
behold
.
To
make
four
Elements
appear
in
a
glasse
.
Take
of
the
subtle
powder
of
Jet
an
ounce
and
half
,
of
the
oil
of
Tartar
made
per
Deliquium
(
in
which
there
is
not
one
drop
of
water
besides
what
the
Tartar
it self
contracted
)
two
ounces
,
which
you
must
colour
with
a
light
green
with
Vardegrease
,
of
the
purest
Spirit
of
Wine
ringed
with
a
light
blew
with
Indico
,
2.
ounces
of
the
best
rectified
Spirit
of
Turpentine
coloured
with
a
light
red
with
Madder
2.
ounces
.
Put
all
these
into
a
glasse
,
and
shake
them
together
,
and
you
shall
see
the
Jet
which
is
heavy
and
black
fall
to
the
bottome
and
represent
the
earth
;
next
,
the
oil
of
Tartar
made
green
representing
the
element
of
water
,
falls
:
upon
that
swims
the
blew
spirit
of
Wine
which
will
not
mix
with
the
oil
of
Tartar
;
and
represents
the
element
of
air
:
uppermost
will
swim
the
subtle
red
oil
of
Turpentine
which
represents
the
element
of
fire
.
It
is
strange
to
see
how
after
shaking
all
these
together
they
will
be
distinctly
separated
the
one
from
the
other
.
If
it
be
well
done
,
as
it
is
easie
enough
to
do
,
it
is
a
most
glorious
●ight
.
To
make
a
perpetuall
motion
in
a
glasse
.
Take
seven
ounces
of
Quicksilver
,
as
much
Tin
,
grinde
them
well
together
with
fourteen
ounces
of
Sublimate
dissolved
in
a
cellar
upon
a
Marble
the
space
of
foure
dayes
,
and
it
will
become
like
oil
Olive
,
which
distill
in
sand
,
and
there
will
sublime
a
dry
substance
,
then
put
the
water
which
distills
off
back
upon
the
earth
,
in
the
bottome
of
the
Still
,
and
dissolve
what
you
can
,
filter
it
,
and
distill
it
again
,
and
thi●
do
foure
or
five
times
,
and
then
that
earth
will
be
so
subtle
,
that
being
put
into
a
viall
the
subtle
atomes
●hereof
will
move
up
and
down
for
ever
.
Note
that
the
viall
or
glasse
must
be
close
stopt
,
and
kept
in
a
dry
place
.
To
make
a
Luminous
Water
that
shall
give
light
by
night
.
Take
the
tailes
of
Glo-wormes
,
put
them
into
a
glasse
Still
,
and
distill
them
in
Balneo
,
pour
the
said
water
upon
more
fresh
tailes
of
Glo-wormes
,
do
this
four
or
five
times
,
and
thou
shalt
have
a
most
Luminous
Water
,
by
which
thou
maist
see
to
read
in
the
dark
night
.
Some
say
this
Water
may
be
made
of
the
Skins
of
Herring
;
and
for
ought
I
know
it
may
be
probable
enough
:
for
I
have
heard
that
a
shole
of
Herrings
coming
by
a
ship
in
the
night
have
given
a
great
light
to
all
the
ship
.
It
were
worth
the
while
to
know
the
true
reason
why
Glowormes
,
and
Herring
and
some
other
such
like
things
should
be
luminous
in
the
night
.
To
make
a
vapour
in
a
chamber
that
he
that
enters
into
it
with
a
candle
shall
thinke
the
room
to
be
on
fire
.
Dissolve
Camphire
in
rectified
Aqua
vitae
,
and
evaporate
them
in
a
very
close
chamber
where
no
air
can
get
in
,
and
he
that
first
enters
the
chamber
with
a
lighted
candle
will
be
much
astonished
,
for
the
chamber
will
seem
to
be
full
of
fire
,
very
subtle
,
but
it
will
be
of
little
continuance
.
You
must
note
that
it
is
the
combustible
vapour
,
with
which
the
chamber
is
filled
,
that
takes
flame
from
the
candle
.
Divers
such
like
experiments
as
this
may
be
done
,
by
putting
such
a
combustible
vapour
into
a
box
,
or
cubboard
or
such
like
,
which
will
▪
assoon
as
any
one
shall
open
them
having
a
candle
in
his
hand
,
take
fire
,
and
burne
.
To
make
a
powder
that
by
spitting
upon
shall
be
inflamed
.
Take
a
Load-stone
,
powder
it
,
and
put
it
into
a
strong
calcining
pot
,
cover
it
all
over
with
a
powder
made
of
Calx
vive
,
and
Colophonia
,
of
each
a
like
quantity
,
put
also
some
of
this
powder
under
it
:
when
the
pot
is
full
cover
it
,
and
lute
the
closures
with
potters
earth
,
put
them
into
a
furnace
,
and
there
let
them
boyl
,
then
take
them
out
and
put
them
into
another
pot
,
and
set
them
in
the
furnace
again
,
and
this
doe
till
they
become
a
very
white
and
dry
Calx
.
Take
of
this
Calx
one
part
,
of
salt
Nitre
being
very
well
purified
foure
parts
,
and
as
much
Camphire
,
Sulphur
vivum
,
the
oil
of
Turpentine
,
and
Tartar
,
grind
all
these
to
a
subtle
powder
and
searse
them
,
and
put
them
into
a
glasse
vessell
,
then
put
as
much
Spirit
of
wine
well
rectified
,
as
will
cover
them
two
fingers
breadth
,
then
close
them
up
and
set
the
vessell
in
horsedung
three
moneths
,
and
in
that
time
they
will
all
become
an
uniforme
paste
:
evaporate
all
the
humidity
,
untill
the
whole
masse
become
a
very
dry
stone
:
then
take
it
out
and
powder
it
,
and
keep
it
very
dry
.
If
you
take
a
little
of
this
powder
and
spit
upon
it
,
or
pour
some
water
upon
it
,
it
will
take
fire
presently
,
so
that
thou
maist
light
a
match
,
or
any
such
thing
by
it
.
To
fortifie
a
Load-stone
that
it
shall
be
able
to
draw
a
naile
out
of
a
piece
of
wood
.
Take
a
Load-stone
,
and
heat
it
very
hot
in
coales
,
but
so
that
it
be
not
fired
,
then
presently
quench
it
in
the
Oil
of
Crocus
Martis
made
of
the
best
steele
,
that
it
may
imbibe
as
much
as
it
can
.
Thou
shalt
by
this
means
make
the
Load-stone
so
very
strong
and
powerfull
,
that
thou
maist
pull
out
nailes
out
of
a
piece
of
wood
with
it
,
and
do
such
wonderfull
things
with
it
that
the
common
Load-stone
can
never
do
.
Now
the
reason
of
this
(
as
Paracelsus
saith
)
is
because
the
Spirit
of
Iron
is
the
life
of
the
Load-stone
,
and
this
may
be
extracted
from
,
or
increased
in
the
Load-stone
.
To
make
Quick-silver
Malleable
in
seven
houres
.
Take
of
the
best
lead
,
and
melt
it
,
and
poure
it
into
a
hole
,
and
when
it
is
almost
congealed
make
a
hole
in
it
,
and
presently
fill
up
the
hole
with
quick-silver
,
and
it
will
presently
be
congelated
into
a
friable
substance
,
then
beat
it
into
a
powder
,
and
put
it
again
into
a
hole
of
fresh
melted
lead
as
before
,
do
this
3
,
or
4
,
times
,
then
boyl
it
being
all
in
a
piece
in
Linseed
oil
the
space
of
six
houres
;
then
take
it
out
and
it
will
become
malleable
.
Note
that
after
this
,
it
may
by
being
melted
over
the
fire
be
reduced
into
quick-silver
again
.
A
thin
plate
of
the
said
Mercury
laid
upon
an
inveterate
Ulter
takes
away
the
malignity
of
it
in
a
great
measure
,
and
renders
it
more
curable
then
before
.
A
plate
of
the
said
Mercury
laid
upon
tumours
would
be
a
great
deal
better
repercu●●ive
then
plates
of
lead
,
which
Chirurgeons
use
in
such
cases
.
The
powder
of
the
friable
substance
of
Mercury
before
it
be
boyled
in
the
oil
is
very
good
to
be
strewed
upon
old
ulcers
,
for
it
doth
much
correct
the
virulency
of
them
.
To
reduce
Glasse
into
its
first
principles
,
viz.
sand
and
salt
.
Take
bits
or
powder
of
Glasse
as
much
as
you
please
,
as
much
of
the
Salt
which
Glassemen
use
in
the
making
of
Glasses
:
melt
these
together
in
a
strong
fire
:
Then
dissolve
all
the
melted
masse
in
warme
water
,
then
pour
off
the
water
and
you
shall
see
no
Glasse
,
but
only
sand
in
the
bottome
,
which
sand
was
that
which
was
in
the
glasse
before
.
This
con●utes
the
vulgar
opinion
,
viz.
that
the
fusion
of
Glasse
is
the
last
fusion
,
and
beyond
all
reduction
.
To
write
or
engrave
upon
an
egge
,
or
peble
,
with
wax
or
grease
.
Make
what
letters
or
figures
you
please
with
wax
,
or
grease
,
upon
an
egge
or
peble
,
put
them
into
the
strongest
Spirit
of
Vinegar
,
and
there
let
them
lye
2.
or
3.
dayes
,
and
you
shall
see
every
place
about
the
letters
or
figures
eaten
or
consumed
away
with
the
said
Spirit
,
but
the
place
where
the
wax
or
grease
was
,
not
at
all
touched
:
the
reason
whereof
is
because
that
the
Spirit
would
not
operate
upon
the
said
oleaginous
matter
.
To
make
artificiall
Pearle
,
as
glorious
as
any
orientall
.
Dissolve
mother
of
Pearle
in
Spirit
of
vinegar
,
then
precipitate
it
with
Oil
of
Sulphur
per
Campanam
,
(
and
not
with
Oil
of
Tartar
,
for
that
takes
away
the
splendour
of
it
)
which
addes
a
lustre
to
it
:
when
it
is
thus
precipitated
,
dry
it
,
and
mix
it
with
whites
of
egges
,
and
of
this
masse
you
may
make
Pearles
of
what
●ignesse
or
fashion
you
please
:
before
they
be
dryed
you
may
make
holes
through
them
,
and
when
they
be
dryed
they
will
not
at
all
,
or
very
hardly
be
discerned
from
true
,
and
naturall
Pearles
.
To
make
a
Minerall
perfume
.
Dissolve
Antomony
,
or
Sulphur
in
the
Liquor
or
Oil
of
flints
or
pebles
,
or
Crystalls
,
or
sand
,
coagulate
the
solution
into
a
red
masse
,
pour
thereon
the
Spirit
of
urine
,
and
digest
them
till
the
Spirit
be
tinged
,
then
poure
it
off
,
and
pour
more
on
,
till
all
the
tincture
be
extracted
,
put
all
the
tinctures
together
,
and
evaporate
the
Spirit
of
urine
in
Balneo
,
and
there
will
remain
a
bloud
red
Liquor
at
the
bottome
,
upon
which
pour
Spirit
of
wine
,
&
you
shal
extract
a
purer
tincture
,
which
smeleth
like
garlick
,
digest
it
three
or
four
weeks
,
and
it
will
smell
like
balme
,
digest
it
longer
,
and
it
will
smell
like
Muske
or
Amber-gryse
.
Besides
the
smell
that
it
hath
,
it
is
an
excellent
Sudorifick
,
and
cures
all
diseases
that
require
sweat
,
as
the
plague
,
putrid
feavers
,
lues
venerea
,
and
such
like
.
The
Oil
or
Liquor
of
sand
,
flints
,
pebles
,
or
Crystalls
,
for
the
aforesaid
preparation
is
thus
made
.
Take
of
the
best
salt
of
Tartar
being
very
well
,
by
two
or
three
dissolutions
,
and
coagulations
,
purified
,
and
powdered
in
a
hot
mortar
,
one
part
,
of
flints
,
pebles
,
or
crystals
being
powdered
,
or
small
sand
well
washed
,
the
fourth
part
,
mingle
them
well
together
,
put
as
much
of
this
composition
as
will
fill
an
egge-shell
into
a
Crucible
set
in
the
earthen
Furnace
,
(
expressed
page
83.
)
and
made
red
hot
,
and
presently
there
will
come
over
a
thick
,
and
white
spirit
,
this
doe
till
you
have
enough
,
then
take
out
of
the
Crucible
whilest
it
is
glowing
hot
,
&
that
which
is
in
it
is
like
transparent
glasse
,
which
keep
from
the
aire
.
The
Spirit
may
be
rectified
by
●and
in
a
glasse
Retort
.
This
Spirit
is
of
excellent
use
in
the
gou●
,
stone
,
ptisick
,
and
indeed
in
all
obstructions
,
provoketh
●weat
,
and
urine
,
and
cleanseth
the
stomack
,
and
by
consequence
effectuall
in
most
diseases
.
It
being
applyed
externally
cleareth
the
skin
,
and
makes
it
look
very
faire
.
Take
that
which
remaines
at
the
bottome
in
the
crucible
,
and
beat
it
to
powder
,
and
lay
it
in
a
moist
place
,
and
so
it
dissolveth
into
a
thick
fat
Oil
:
and
this
is
that
which
is
called
the
Oil
of
sand
,
of
flints
,
pebles
,
or
crystalls
.
This
Oil
is
of
wonderfull
use
in
medicine
,
as
also
in
the
preparation
of
all
sorts
of
Mineralls
.
This
oil
being
taken
inwdarly
in
some
appropriated
Liquor
dissolves
tartarous
coagulations
in
the
body
,
and
so
opens
all
obstructions
.
It
precipitates
metals
,
and
makes
the
calx
thereof
more
weighty
,
then
oil
of
Tartar
doth
.
It
is
of
a
golden
nature
:
it
extracts
colours
from
all
metals
,
is
fixed
in
all
fires
,
maketh
fine
Crystals
,
and
Borax
,
and
maturifieth
imperfect
metals
into
gold
.
If
you
put
it
into
water
there
will
precipitate
a
most
fine
white
earth
,
of
which
you
may
make
as
clear
vessels
as
are
China-dishes
.
Note
that
all
sand
,
flints
,
and
pebles
,
even
the
whitest
,
have
in
them
a
golden
sulphur
,
or
tincture
,
and
if
a
prepared
lead
be
for
a
time
digested
in
this
oil
it
will
seem
as
it
were
gilded
,
because
of
the
gold
that
will
hang
upon
it
,
which
may
be
washed
away
in
water
.
Gold
also
is
found
in
sand
and
flints
,
&c.
and
if
you
put
Gold
into
this
oil
it
will
become
more
ponderous
thereby
.
To
make
Steele
grow
in
a
glasse
like
a
tree
.
Dissolve
Steele
in
a
rectified
Spirit
of
salt
,
so
shall
you
have
a
green
and
sweet
solution
,
which
smels
like
brimstone
,
filter
it
,
and
abstract
all
the
moisture
in
sand
with
a
gentle
heat
,
and
there
will
distil
over
a
Liquor
as
sweet
as
rain-water
(
for
Steele
by
reason
of
its
drynesse
detaines
the
corosivenesse
of
the
Spirit
of
salt
,
which
remaineth
in
the
bottome
like
a
bloud
red
masse
,
which
is
as
hot
on
the
tongue
as
fire
,
dissolve
this
red
masse
in
oil
of
flints
,
or
of
sand
,
and
you
shall
see
it
grow
up
in
two
or
three
houres
,
like
a
tree
with
a
stemm
,
and
branches
;
prove
this
tree
at
the
test
,
and
it
yeeldeth
good
gold
,
which
this
tree
hath
drawn
from
the
aforesaid
oil
of
sand
,
or
flints
,
which
hath
a
golden
sulphur
in
it
.
To
melt
any
metall
in
ones
hand
without
burning
of
the
hand
.
Take
a
little
calcining
pot
in
your
hand
,
make
in
it
a
lane
or
course
of
the
powder
of
any
metall
,
then
upon
it
lay
a
lane
of
Sulphur
,
Salt-peter
and
Saw-dust
,
of
each
a
like
quantity
,
mixed
together
,
put
a
coal
of
fire
to
it
,
and
forthwith
the
metall
will
be
melted
into
a
masse
.
An
observation
upon
the
beams
of
the
Sun
and
heat
of
the
fire
,
how
they
adde
weight
to
Minerall
,
and
Metalline
bodies
.
1.
Take
any
Minerall
Liquor
and
set
it
in
an
open
vessell
in
the
sun
for
a
good
space
,
and
it
will
be
augmented
in
quantity
,
and
weight
.
But
some
will
say
that
this
proceedeth
from
the
air
:
to
the
which
I
answer
and
demand
,
whether
the
air
had
not
this
impregnation
from
the
sun
,
and
what
the
air
hath
in
it self
that
proceedeth
not
from
the
sun
and
stars
.
2.
Put
this
liquor
in
a
cold
cellar
,
or
in
a
moist
air
,
and
you
shall
find
that
it
increaseth
not
in
weight
,
as
it
doth
in
the
sun
,
or
in
the
fire
(
which
hath
in
this
respect
some
analogie
with
the
sun
)
I
do
not
say
but
haply
it
might
attract
some
little
moisture
which
is
soon
exhaled
by
any
small
heat
:
3.
Dissolve
any
sulphurous
,
and
imperfect
metall
,
as
Iron
,
Copper
,
or
Zinke
,
in
Aqua
fortis
,
or
any
other
acid
spirit
,
then
abstract
the
Spirit
from
it
,
make
it
glowing
hot
,
yet
not
too
hot
,
that
the
Spirit
may
only
vapour
away
,
then
weigh
this
metalline
Calx
,
and
set
it
in
a
crucible
over
the
fire
,
but
melt
it
not
,
only
let
it
darkly
glow
,
let
it
stand
so
3
,
or
4
,
weeks
,
then
take
it
off
,
and
weigh
it
again
,
and
you
shall
find
it
heavier
then
before
.
4.
Set
any
sulphurous
metall
,
as
Iron
,
or
Copper
,
with
sixteen
or
eighteen
parts
of
Lead
on
a
test
made
with
ashes
of
wood
,
or
bones
in
a
probatory
furnace
:
first
weigh
the
test
,
copper
and
lead
before
you
put
them
into
the
furnace
,
let
the
iron
or
copper
fly
away
with
the
lead
,
yet
not
with
too
strong
a
heat
,
then
take
the
test
out
,
and
weigh
it
,
and
you
shall
finde
it
(
though
the
metals
are
gone
)
when
it
is
cold
to
be
heavier
then
it
was
when
it
was
put
into
the
furnace
with
the
metals
.
The
question
is
now
whence
this
heavinesse
of
all
the
aforesaid
Minerals
and
metals
proceeded
,
if
that
the
heat
of
the
fun
,
and
fire
through
the
help
of
the
Mineralls
and
metals
be
not
fixed
into
a
palpable
Minerall
,
and
Metalline
body
?
5.
Set
a
test
with
lead
,
or
copper
in
the
sun
,
and
with
a
concave
glasse
unite
the
beames
of
the
sun
,
and
let
them
fall
on
the
center
of
the
metall
,
hold
the
concave
glasse
in
your
hand
,
and
let
your
test
never
be
cold
,
and
this
will
be
as
well
done
in
the
sun
,
as
in
the
fire
.
But
this
concave
must
be
two
foot
in
Diameter
,
and
not
too
hollow
or
deep
,
but
about
the
eighteenth
or
twentieth
part
of
the
circle
,
that
it
may
the
better
cast
its
beams
forth
,
and
it
must
be
very
well
polished
.
6.
Calcine
Antimony
with
a
burning
glasse
,
and
you
shall
see
it
smoak
,
and
fume
,
and
be
made
dryer
then
before
,
yet
weigh
it
and
it
will
be
heavier
then
before
.
I
shall
take
in
,
for
the
confirmation
of
all
this
,
a
relation
of
Sir
Kenelme
Digby
concerning
the
precipitating
of
the
sun
beams
.
I
remember
(
saith
he
)
a
rare
experiment
that
a
Noble
man
of
much
sincerity
,
and
a
singular
friend
of
mine
,
told
me
he
had
seen
,
which
was
,
that
by
means
of
glasses
made
in
a
very
particular
manner
,
and
artificially
placed
one
by
another
,
he
had
seen
the
sun
beames
gathered
together
,
and
precipitated
down
into
a
brownish
,
or
purplish
red
powder
.
There
(
saith
he
)
could
be
no
fallacy
in
this
operation
.
For
nothing
whatsoever
,
was
in
the
glasse
,
when
they
were
placed
,
and
disposed
for
this
intent
;
and
it
must
be
in
the
hot
time
of
the
yeare
,
else
the
effect
would
not
follow
.
And
of
this
magistery
he
could
gather
some
dayes
neer
2.
ounces
in
a
day
,
and
it
was
of
a
strong
volatile
vertue
,
and
would
impresse
it
spirituall
quality
into
gold
it selfe
(
the
heaviest
and
most
fixed
body
we
converse
withall
)
in
a
very
short
time
.
I
leave
it
now
to
the
reader
to
judge
whether
the
beames
of
the
sun
,
and
heat
of
the
fire
adde
weight
to
Minerals
,
and
Metals
.
To
extract
a
white
Milkie
substance
from
the
raies
of
the
Moone
.
Take
a
concave
glasse
and
hold
it
against
the
Moon
when
she
is
at
the
full
in
a
cleare
evening
,
and
let
the
raies
thereof
being
united
fall
upon
a
sponge
,
and
the
sponge
will
be
full
of
a
cold
Milkie
substance
,
which
you
may
presse
out
with
your
hand
,
and
gather
more
.
De-La-Brosse
is
of
opinion
that
this
substance
is
of
the
substance
of
the
Moon
:
but
I
cannot
assent
to
him
in
that
,
only
this
I
say
,
if
this
experiment
were
well
prosecuted
,
it
might
produce
for
ought
I
know
,
such
a
discovery
which
might
be
the
key
to
no
small
secrets
.
To
condense
the
aire
in
the
heat
of
smmer
and
in
the
heat
of
the
day
,
into
water
.
Fill
an
earthen
vessell
unglazed
,
made
pointed
downward
,
and
fill
it
with
snow-water
(
which
must
be
kept
all
the
year
)
in
which
is
dissolved
as
much
Nitre
as
the
water
would
dissolve
:
Let
the
vessell
be
close
stopt
.
Hold
this
vessell
against
the
sun
and
the
air
will
be
so
condensed
by
the
coldnesse
of
the
vessell
that
it
will
drop
down
by
the
sides
thereof
.
How
two
sorts
of
volatile
salts
will
be
fixed
by
joyning
them
together
.
Take
a
strong
Lixivium
made
of
unslaked
lime
,
and
evaporate
it
,
and
whereas
you
would
expect
to
find
a
salt
at
the
bottome
there
is
none
,
for
all
the
salt
in
the
Lixivium
is
vapored
away
,
and
the
more
the
Liquor
is
evaporated
the
weaker
the
Lixivium
becomes
,
which
is
contrary
to
other
Lixiviums
:
Also
if
you
take
Spirit
of
vinegar
,
and
evaporate
it
,
you
shall
finde
no
salt
at
the
bottome
.
Now
if
you
take
the
clear
Lixivium
of
Lime
,
and
Spirit
of
vinegar
,
of
each
a
like
quantity
,
and
mix
them
together
,
and
evaporate
the
humidity
thereof
,
you
shall
find
a
good
quantity
of
salt
at
the
bottome
,
which
tasts
partly
hot
,
and
partly
acid
.
This
salt
being
set
in
a
cold
cellar
on
a
marble
stone
,
and
dissolved
into
an
oil
,
is
as
good
as
any
Lac
virginis
to
clear
,
and
smooth
the
face
,
and
dry
up
any
hot
pustles
in
the
skin
,
as
also
against
the
Itch
,
and
old
ulcers
to
dry
them
up
.
To
make
an
unguent
that
a
few
graines
thereof
being
applied
outwardly
will
cause
vomiting
or
loosnesse
as
you
please
.
Take
Lapis
infernalis
,
mix
therewith
of
distilled
oil
of
Tobacco
as
much
as
will
make
an
ointment
:
Keep
it
in
a
dry
place
.
If
you
would
provoke
vomiting
,
anoint
the
pit
of
the
stomach
with
five
or
six
graines
thereof
,
and
the
party
will
presently
vomit
,
and
as
much
as
with
taking
of
a
vomit
.
If
you
would
provoke
to
loosnesse
anoint
about
the
navell
therewith
,
and
the
patient
will
presently
fall
into
a
loosnesse
.
Note
that
you
must
give
the
patient
some
warme
suppings
all
the
time
this
medicine
is
working
.
Note
also
,
and
that
especially
,
that
you
let
not
the
ointment
lye
so
long
as
to
cauterize
the
part
to
which
it
is
applyed
.
To
make
a
medicine
that
halfe
a
graine
thereof
being
taken
every
morning
will
keep
the
body
soluble
.
Take
of
the
distilled
oil
of
Tobacco
,
of
which
let
the
essentiall
salt
of
Tobacco
imbibe
as
much
as
it
can
.
Then
with
this
composition
make
some
Lozenges
by
adding
such
things
as
are
fitting
for
such
a
forme
of
medicine
:
Note
that
you
put
but
such
a
quantity
of
this
oily
salt
as
half
a
grain
only
may
be
in
one
Lozenge
.
One
of
these
Lozenges
being
taken
every
morning
,
or
every
other
morning
,
keepeth
the
body
soluble
,
and
is
good
for
them
as
are
apt
to
be
very
costive
in
their
bodies
.
Note
that
you
may
put
some
aromaticall
ingredient
into
the
Lozenges
that
may
qualifie
the
offensive
odour
of
the
oil
,
if
there
shall
be
any
.
To
make
a
Cordiall
,
stomachicall
,
and
purgative
tincture
.
Make
a
tincture
of
Hiera
picra
with
Spirit
of
wine
well
rectified
,
and
aromatized
with
Cinnamon
or
Cloves
.
Two
or
three
spoonfulls
of
this
tincture
being
taken
in
a
morning
twice
in
a
week
wonderfully
helps
those
that
have
weak
and
foul
stomacks
,
it
openeth
obstructions
,
and
purgeth
viscosities
of
the
stomach
and
bowells
,
cureth
all
inveterate
head-ach
killeth
wormes
,
and
indeed
leaveth
no
impurities
in
the
body
,
and
is
very
cordiall
:
for
it
exceedingly
helps
them
that
are
troubled
with
faintings
.
There
is
nothing
offensive
in
this
medicine
but
the
bitternesse
thereof
,
which
the
other
extraordinary
vertues
will
more
then
ballance
.
Another
.
Dissolve
Scammony
in
Spirit
of
Wine
,
evaporate
the
one
moity
,
then
precipitate
it
by
putting
Rose-water
to
it
:
and
it
will
become
most
white
,
for
the
black
and
fetid
matter
will
lye
on
the
top
of
the
precipitated
matter
which
you
must
wash
away
with
Rose-water
.
Then
take
that
white
gum
being
very
well
washed
,
and
dry
it
(
if
you
please
you
may
powder
it
and
so
use
it
,
for
indeed
it
hath
neither
smell
nor
tast
,
and
purgeth
without
any
offence
,
and
may
be
given
to
children
or
to
any
that
distast
physick
,
in
their
milk
or
broth
without
any
discerning
of
it
,
and
indeed
it
doth
purge
without
any
manner
of
gripings
.
I
was
wont
to
make
it
up
into
pills
with
oil
of
Cinamon
or
Cloves
which
gave
it
a
gallant
smel
,
and
of
which
I
gave
a
scruple
which
wrought
moderately
and
without
any
manner
of
gripings
)
then
dissolve
it
again
in
Spirit
of
Wine
being
aromatized
with
what
spices
you
please
,
and
this
keep
.
This
tincture
is
so
pleasant
,
so
gentle
,
so
noble
a
purgative
that
there
is
scarce
the
like
in
the
world
,
for
it
purgeth
without
any
offence
,
is
taken
without
any
nauseating
,
and
purgeth
all
manner
of
humours
,
especially
choler
,
and
melancholy
,
and
is
very
Cordiall
.
It
may
be
given
to
those
that
abhor
any
medicine
,
as
to
children
or
those
that
are
of
a
nauseous
stomach
.
The
dose
is
from
half
a
spoonfull
to
two
or
three
.
Note
it
must
be
taken
of
it self
,
for
if
it
be
put
into
any
other
Liquor
,
the
Scammony
will
precipitate
and
fall
to
the
bottome
.
After
this
manner
you
may
prepare
Jollap
by
extracting
the
gum
therefore
,
and
then
dissolving
it
in
Spirit
of
wine
.
By
this
meanes
Jollap
would
not
be
so
offensive
to
the
stomach
,
as
usually
it
is
,
for
it
is
the
gum
that
is
purgative
,
and
the
earthlinesse
that
is
so
nauseous
.
Jollap
being
thus
prepared
is
a
most
excellent
medicine
against
all
hydropick
diseases
,
for
it
purgeth
water
away
without
any
nauseousnesse
or
griping
at
all
.
To
reduce
distilled
Turpentine
into
its
body
againe
.
Take
the
oil
of
Turpentine
,
and
the
Colophonia
thereof
(
which
is
that
substance
which
remaines
in
the
bottome
after
distillation
)
which
you
must
beat
to
powder
.
Mix
these
together
and
digest
them
,
and
you
shall
have
a
Turpentine
of
the
same
consistency
as
before
,
but
of
a
fiery
subtle
nature
.
Pills
made
of
this
Turpentine
,
are
of
excellent
use
in
obstructions
of
the
breast
,
kidneyes
and
the
like
.
To
make
the
distilled
Oil
out
of
any
hearb
,
seed
or
flower
in
an
instant
without
any
furnace
.
You
must
have
a
long
pipe
made
of
tin
,
which
must
have
a
bowle
in
the
middle
with
a
hole
in
it
as
big
as
you
can
put
your
finger
into
it
:
by
which
you
must
put
your
matter
that
you
would
have
the
Oil
of
.
Set
this
matter
on
fire
with
a
candle
or
coal
of
fire
,
then
put
one
end
of
the
pipe
into
a
bason
of
fair
water
,
and
blow
at
the
other
end
,
and
the
smoak
will
come
into
the
water
,
and
there
will
an
oil
swim
upon
the
water
:
which
you
may
separate
with
a
tunnell
.
To
make
water
,
and
the
tincture
of
any
vegetable
at
the
same
time
,
which
is
an
excellent
way
to
draw
out
the
vertue
thereof
.
This
must
be
performed
by
these
following
vessels
.
A
,
Signifies
the
Furnace
it selfe
.
B
,
The
Retort
which
stands
in
water
or
sand
,
wherein
the
matter
to
be
distilled
is
put
,
instead
whereof
,
if
you
please
you
may
put
a
gourd
glasse
with
a
head
to
it
.
C
,
The
pipe
.
D
,
Another
vessell
where
is
more
fresh
matter
out
of
which
the
tincture
is
to
be
drawne
,
and
which
stands
upon
ashes
with
a
fire
under
it
.
E
,
The
furnace
with
a
pan
of
ashes
.
F
,
The
receiver
.
G
,
The
hole
of
the
furnace
to
put
in
coals
,
to
heat
the
second
matter
.
A
way
to
separate
fresh
water
from
salt
without
a
furnace
or
much
trouble
.
Take
a
Caldron
with
a
great
and
high
cover
having
a
beake
or
nose
,
set
it
upon
a
trefoot
,
and
under
it
put
fire
:
let
this
be
filled
with
salt
water
,
and
there
will
presently
distill
off
a
good
quantity
of
fresh
water
into
a
receiver
,
which
must
be
joyned
to
the
nose
of
the
aforesaid
cover
.
This
is
of
good
use
for
Sea-men
that
want
fresh
water
,
for
by
this
meanes
they
may
distill
a
good
quantity
in
24.
houres
,
especially
if
they
have
any
considerable
number
of
the
aforesaid
vessels
,
a
figure
whereof
is
this
which
followes
.
A
way
to
purge
and
purifie
troubled
and
muddie
waters
.
Fill
a
great
pot
with
pudled
water
,
put
a
soft
and
gentle
fire
under
it
,
lay
some
sticks
acrosse
on
the
pot
brims
,
and
upon
the
sticks
lay
clean
wool
or
a
spunge
well
washed
:
Now
the
wool
drinkes
up
the
vapours
that
ascend
,
which
then
you
must
wring
out
,
and
lay
on
the
wool
again
,
and
this
you
may
doe
till
you
have
as
much
clean
water
as
you
desire
.
The
manner
of
this
distillation
is
described
thus
.
A
,
Signifies
the
pot
.
B
,
The
fire
.
C
,
The
stickes
.
D
,
The
wooll
.
This
is
of
use
for
them
that
can
come
at
no
other
waters
but
what
are
troubled
,
as
it
falls
out
many
times
in
some
places
.
Another
way
to
purifie
any
thicke
,
muddie
or
feculent
Liquor
.
This
is
performed
by
shreds
of
any
white
woollen
cloth
in
vessells
as
you
see
hereafter
expressed
.
A
,
Signifies
the
vessels
.
B
,
The
shreds
.
Note
that
the
shreds
must
be
first
wet
in
fair
water
,
and
the
feculent
matter
be
put
into
the
uppermost
vessell
.
Note
also
whereas
here
be
two
receivers
,
that
in
many
cases
one
may
be
sufficient
.
This
way
serves
for
the
purifying
of
decoctions
,
juices
,
or
dissolutions
of
salts
from
their
feculency
,
for
that
which
is
distilled
by
the
shreds
is
as
clear
as
Crystall
,
when
what
remains
is
very
feculent
.
To
keep
fire
in
a
glasse
,
that
whilest
the
glasse
is
shut
will
not
burne
,
but
assoone
as
it
is
opened
will
be
inflamed
.
First
extract
the
burning
spirit
of
the
salt
of
tin
in
a
glasse
Retort
well
coated
;
when
the
Retort
is
cold
,
take
it
out
and
break
it
,
and
assoone
as
the
matter
in
it
,
which
remains
in
the
bottome
thereof
after
distillation
,
comes
into
the
air
,
it
will
presently
be
inflamed
.
Put
this
matter
into
a
glasse
viall
,
and
keep
it
close
stopt
.
This
fire
will
keep
many
thousand
yeares
and
not
burne
unlesse
the
glasse
be
opened
:
but
at
what
time
soever
that
is
opened
it
will
burne
.
It
is
conceived
that
such
a
kind
of
fire
as
this
was
found
in
vaults
when
they
were
opened
,
which
many
conceived
to
be
a
perpetuall
burning
Lamp
,
when
as
indeed
it
was
inflamed
at
the
opening
the
vault
,
and
the
letting
in
air
thereby
which
before
it
lacked
,
and
therefore
could
not
burn
.
For
it
is
to
be
conceived
that
there
is
no
fire
burnes
longer
then
its
matter
endures
,
and
there
is
no
combustible
matter
can
endure
for
ever
.
There
may
be
many
uses
of
such
a
fire
as
this
,
for
any
man
may
carry
it
about
him
,
and
let
it
burn
on
a
suddain
when
he
hath
any
occasion
for
fire
.
A
Lamp
Furnace
is
made
thus
.
A
,
Signifies
the
Candlestick
,
which
must
be
hollow
,
and
full
of
water
.
B
,
The
top
of
the
candlestick
which
must
he
wide
to
containe
good
store
of
water
for
to
fill
up
the
Candlestick
as
the
candle
riseth
up
.
C
,
The
candle
,
which
must
be
as
long
as
the
Candlestick
.
D
,
The
vessell
that
contains
either
wat●r
,
sand
,
or
ashes
for
any
vessell
to
be
set
into
;
also
to
containe
any
matter
it selfe
that
is
to
be
distilled
,
or
digested
.
E
,
A
glasse
vessell
standing
in
digestion
.
F
,
A
narrow
mouthed
stopple
to
be
put
into
the
candlestick
to
keep
the
candle
upright
,
and
that
must
be
made
of
tin
,
with
holes
in
it
.
G
,
The
cover
for
the
vessell
D
,
which
is
to
be
put
upon
it
when
any
thing
is
decocted
,
or
kept
warme
in
it
.
H
,
A
Still
head
to
put
upon
the
vessell
D
,
when
you
would
distill
any
thing
in
it
.
Note
that
if
you
make
all
these
vessells
large
you
may
do
many
considerable
things
without
much
labour
,
or
trouble
.
In
the
vessell
D
,
if
it
be
large
,
you
may
stew
meat
,
which
if
you
put
in
at
night
and
cover
it
close
,
you
may
have
it
ready
for
your
breakfast
in
the
morning
,
and
so
according
to
the
time
you
put
it
in
you
may
have
it
for
dinner
or
supper
.
Also
you
may
keep
any
thing
warme
in
the
night
,
and
at
all
times
,
and
divers
such
uses
as
these
it
may
be
used
for
.
Note
that
the
candle
will
still
rise
up
till
it
be
quite
burned
out
,
and
an
ordinary
candle
will
last
twice
as
long
this
way
as
it
will
out
of
the
water
.
If
you
would
have
one
candle
last
a
long
time
as
twelve
or
twenty
hours
,
you
must
either
make
your
candlestick
very
long
that
it
may
containe
a
long
candle
,
or
make
your
candle
big
and
the
wiek
small
,
or
make
your
candle
of
such
matter
as
will
not
presently
be
consumed
.
Note
also
that
if
you
would
have
a
great
heat
,
your
candle
must
be
great
,
and
also
the
wiek
thereof
great
;
but
if
gentle
,
let
your
candle
be
small
.
Another
Lamp
furnace
.
There
is
another
sort
of
Lamp
furnaces
with
three
candles
after
this
manner
.
The
use
of
this
is
when
you
would
have
a
constant
fire
that
should
give
a
stronger
heat
then
one
candle
in
the
former
furnace
.
And
the
truth
is
,
that
if
your
candles
be
big
(
as
you
may
make
them
as
big
as
you
will
)
you
may
have
as
strong
a
heat
this
way
as
by
ashes
in
an
ordinary
furnace
.
To
make
a
Candle
that
shall
last
long
.
Take
unslaked
lime
,
powder
it
and
mix
it
with
your
tallow
,
and
so
make
your
candle
of
that
,
or
else
you
may
make
candles
of
Castle-sope
which
will
serve
for
such
uses
as
these
,
viz.
to
burne
in
such
a
Lampe
furnace
.
Note
that
it
is
the
salt
that
is
in
the
lime
,
and
sope
that
preserves
the
tallow
from
burning
out
so
fast
as
otherwise
it
would
.
To
make
a
lasting
and
durable
Oil.
Take
unslaked
lime
,
Bay-salt
,
oil
Olive
of
each
a
like
quantity
,
mix
them
well
together
,
and
distill
them
in
sand
,
cohobate
the
oil
upon
the
same
quantity
of
fresh
lime
,
and
salt
:
and
this
do
foure
or
five
times
.
By
this
means
will
the
oil
be
clear
and
impregnated
with
what
salt
was
volatile
in
the
lime
,
and
salt
.
Now
that
saline
impregnation
is
that
which
gives
a
durablenesse
to
the
oil
.
Note
that
this
oil
whilest
it
is
distilling
is
of
a
most
fragrant
smell
:
I
have
some
of
it
which
I
distilled
seven
times
,
and
it
is
as
pure
,
subtle
and
odoriserous
as
many
common
distilled
oiles
of
vegetables
.
This
oil
besides
the
durablenesse
of
it
is
also
good
against
any
inveterate
ach
in
the
limbs
.
A
Lampe
made
with
this
oil
will
continue
burning
six
times
as
long
as
a
Lamp
made
of
other
oil
,
as
also
it
burnes
very
sweet
.
There
must
be
a
great
deal
of
care
used
in
making
of
it
,
or
else
you
will
quickly
break
your
glasses
:
also
you
must
take
very
strong
lime
,
such
as
the
dyers
use
,
and
call
cauke
.
Philosophicall
Bellowes
.
A
,
Signifies
that
which
blowes
a
fire
for
the
melting
of
any
metall
or
such
like
operation
,
and
it
blowes
most
forcibly
with
a
terrible
noise
.
B
,
That
which
blowes
a
Candle
to
make
the
flame
thereof
very
strong
for
the
melting
of
glasses
,
and
nipping
them
up
.
C
,
That
which
any
one
may
hold
in
his
hand
to
blow
the
fire
strongly
upon
any
occasion
.
Now
the
manner
of
the
using
them
in
this
:
you
must
first
heat
them
very
hot
,
then
put
the
noses
thereof
(
which
must
have
a
very
small
hole
in
them
,
no
bigger
then
that
a
pins
head
may
go
in
)
into
a
vessell
of
cold
water
,
and
they
will
presently
suck
in
the
water
,
of
which
then
being
full
turne
the
noses
thereof
towards
the
candle
or
fire
which
you
would
have
blown
.
As
for
the
figure
C
,
it
must
have
a
mouth
drawne
up
round
and
hanging
out
an
inch
from
the
face
,
which
mouth
(
the
whole
compasse
of
the
face
being
heated
first
)
you
must
dip
in
cold
water
,
and
it
will
suck
in
water
as
the
noses
of
the
former
did
.
This
then
you
must
hold-close
to
the
fire
that
it
may
be
heated
,
and
it
will
blow
exceedingly
,
as
otherwise
it
will
not
,
viz.
if
it
be
cold
.
If
you
put
sweet
water
into
such
a
vessell
you
may
perfume
a
chamber
exceedingly
,
for
a
little
quantity
thereof
will
be
a
long
time
breathing
forth
.
Note
that
these
kindes
of
vessels
must
be
made
of
copper
,
and
be
exceeding
well
closed
,
that
they
may
have
no
vent
but
by
their
noses
.
An
excellent
invention
to
make
a
fire
.
This
fire
is
durable
,
sweet
,
not
offensive
by
reason
of
the
smoake
or
cinder
as
other
coale
fires
are
,
beautifull
in
shape
,
and
is
not
so
costly
as
other
fire
,
burnes
as
well
in
a
chamber
even
as
Char-coal
.
This
fire
may
either
serve
for
such
distillations
as
require
a
strong
,
and
lasting
heat
,
or
for
ordinary
uses
either
in
the
Kitchen
,
or
chambers
.
A
new
invention
for
Bathes
.
Seeing
by
bathing
and
sweating
most
diseases
are
cured
,
especially
such
as
proceed
from
wind
,
hot
and
distempered
humours
or
cold
and
congealed
humours
;
because
all
these
are
rarified
,
and
evaporated
by
transpiration
in
sweating
,
or
bathing
,
I
thought
it
a
thing
much
conducing
to
mans
health
to
set
downe
such
a
way
of
bathing
and
sweating
that
might
be
very
effectuall
,
and
appropriated
to
any
particular
disease
or
distemper
.
I
shall
therefore
here
commend
to
you
a
way
of
bathing
by
distillation
,
the
manner
of
which
you
may
see
by
these
ensuing
vessels
.
A
,
Signifies
a
hot
still
with
two
pipes
going
into
two
wooden
vessels
;
In
this
Still
you
may
put
either
hearbs
,
spices
,
with
water
,
or
with
Spirits
,
and
distill
them
,
by
which
meanes
they
that
are
in
the
vessels
will
presently
be
forced
into
a
sweat
by
vertue
of
the
subtlety
of
the
vapours
.
And
this
indeed
is
as
good
and
effectuall
a
way
for
sweating
as
any
can
be
invented
:
You
may
by
this
meanes
appropriate
your
ingredients
to
the
nature
of
the
diseases
.
B
,
A
vessell
wherein
a
man
sits
in
the
bath
.
Now
this
vessell
hath
in
it
a
door
for
the
easier
going
into
it
,
which
fashion
is
farre
better
,
and
more
convenient
,
then
to
be
open
only
at
the
top
.
C
,
A
long
vessell
where
a
man
that
is
weak
,
and
not
able
to
fit
up
,
lies
and
is
bathed
.
Now
you
must
note
that
these
vapours
most
not
be
hotter
then
the
patient
can
beer
:
also
if
the
vapour
come
forth
too
hot
upon
the
body
of
the
patient
,
he
may
by
putting
a
pipe
upon
the
end
of
the
pipe
that
comes
into
the
vessell
,
divert
the
hot
vapour
from
his
body
,
and
so
it
will
not
offend
him
that
way
.
Note
that
the
patient
,
assoon
as
he
begins
to
be
faint
,
must
come
forth
or
else
he
will
suffer
more
prejudice
,
then
good
by
his
bathing
;
and
also
to
prevent
him
from
fainting
let
him
take
some
Cordiall
,
or
cold
Beer
,
which
will
much
revive
him
,
and
make
him
endure
his
bathing
longer
,
as
also
make
him
sweat
the
more
.
Assoon
as
the
patient
comes
forth
,
let
him
goe
into
a
warm
bed
,
and
sweat
as
he
is
able
to
beare
it
,
and
take
some
posset
drink
,
or
broth
or
such
like
warme
suppings
,
as
also
some
good
Cordiall
if
he
be
very
faint
.
The
patient
may
according
as
his
strength
will
bear
,
and
his
disease
require
,
bathe
,
more
seldome
or
oftner
.
An
artificiall
hot
Bath
,
from
the
same
principles
as
the
naturall
Bath
is
.
Before
I
set
down
the
processe
of
making
an
artificiall
hot
Bath
,
I
shall
premise
some
things
concerning
the
true
nature
and
originall
of
a
hot
Bath
.
Now
the
clearest
and
best
account
that
I
ever
heard
or
read
,
of
the
cause
of
the
heat
in
Bathes
is
that
which
is
given
by
Mounsier
de
Rochas
,
and
that
in
a
demonstrative
way
;
His
words
are
these
.
As
I
was
(
saith
he
)
with
some
of
my
companions
wandring
in
Savoy
,
I
found
in
the
valley
of
Luzerne
betwixt
the
Alps
a
hot
spring
;
I
began
to
consider
the
cause
of
this
heat
,
and
whereas
the
vulgar
opinion
is
,
that
the
heat
of
fountains
is
from
mountains
fired
within
,
I
saw
reason
to
think
the
contrary
,
because
I
saw
snow
upon
a
mountaine
from
whence
this
hot
spring
came
,
unmelted
,
which
could
not
possibly
but
have
been
dissolved
by
the
hot
fumes
of
the
mountains
,
had
they
been
fired
.
Whereupon
being
unsatisfied
I
with
my
companions
and
other
labourers
(
whom
I
could
very
hardly
perswade
to
undertake
such
a
businesse
by
reason
they
were
affraid
that
fire
would
thereupon
breake
forth
out
of
the
ground
and
consume
us
)
got
tools
and
set
upon
digging
to
find
out
the
true
cause
of
the
heat
of
this
fountain
.
After
we
had
digged
15.
dayes
(
having
before
perceived
the
water
to
be
hotter
and
hotter
by
degrees
as
we
came
neerer
to
the
source
)
we
came
to
the
originall
of
the
heat
,
where
was
a
great
ebullition
:
In
three
houres
more
we
digged
beyond
this
place
of
ebullition
and
perceived
the
water
to
be
cold
,
yet
in
the
same
continued
stream
with
the
other
that
was
hot
:
upon
this
I
began
to
wonder
much
at
the
reason
of
these
things
.
Then
I
carryed
to
my
lodging
some
of
this
hot
water
(
which
was
both
saltish
and
acid
)
and
evaporated
it
,
and
of
forty
ounces
I
had
in
the
bottome
five
drams
of
saltish
matter
,
which
I
then
yet
farther
purified
,
and
extracted
thence
three
drams
of
pure
nitrous
Hermetick
salt
;
the
other
two
ounces
being
a
slimie
sulphurous
substance
.
Yet
with
this
I
was
not
satisfied
,
but
with
my
labourers
went
again
to
the
place
,
and
digged
twelve
days
more
,
and
then
we
came
to
a
water
which
was
insipid
as
ordinary
fountain
Water
,
yet
still
in
a
continued
stream
with
the
saltish
and
hot
water
.
At
this
I
wondered
much
,
whereupon
I
digged
up
some
of
the
earth
where
the
cold
,
and
saltish
stream
runned
,
&
carried
it
home
with
me
,
and
our
of
a
hundred
weight
thereof
,
I
extracted
a
good
quantity
of
nitrous
salt
,
which
was
almost
fluxile
.
When
I
had
extracted
as
much
as
I
could
,
I
laid
the
earth
aside
,
and
in
24.
houres
it
was
all
covered
over
with
salt
,
which
I
extracted
,
and
out
of
a
hundred
weight
of
this
earth
which
I
call
virgin
earth
,
I
had
four
pound
of
this
kind
of
salt
which
is
contracted
in
the
aforesaid
24.
houres
:
and
so
it
would
doe
constantly
.
Now
this
satisfied
me
concerning
one
doubt
:
for
before
I
was
unsatisfied
how
there
could
be
a
constant
supply
of
that
salt
which
made
the
water
saltish
,
seeing
there
was
but
a
little
distance
betwixt
the
insipid
water
and
the
hot
water
,
and
the
constant
stream
of
water
washed
away
the
salt
which
was
in
that
little
space
:
for
I
perceived
that
this
kind
of
earth
attracts
this
universall
salt
of
the
world
partly
from
the
aire
in
the
cavities
of
the
earth
,
and
partly
from
the
vapours
that
constantly
passe
through
the
earth
.
After
this
I
tooke
some
of
that
earth
where
the
ebullition
was
,
and
carried
it
home
,
and
proved
it
,
and
I
perceived
it
to
be
a
sulphur
mine
,
into
which
the
former
acid
saltish
water
penetrating
caused
an
ebullition
,
as
doe
salt
of
Tartar
,
and
Spirit
of
Vitriall
being
mixed
together
,
and
also
water
poured
on
unslaked
lime
.
After
this
I
began
to
question
how
it
was
that
this
sulphur
mine
was
not
consumed
,
seeing
so
much
matter
passeth
from
it
daily
:
but
when
I
began
to
understand
how
all
things
in
the
earth
did
assimilate
to
themselves
whatsoever
was
of
any
kind
of
affinity
to
them
,
as
Mines
convert
the
tooles
of
miners
into
their
owne
substance
in
a
little
time
,
and
such
like
experiments
of
that
nature
,
I
was
satisfied
.
And
after
all
this
I
understood
how
this
universall
salt
of
the
world
was
to
be
had
,
and
I
could
at
any
time
mix
it
with
water
,
and
pour
that
water
upon
sulphur
,
and
so
make
an
artificiall
hot
bath
as
good
as
any
naturall
bath
whatsoever
.
Note
that
no
salt
in
the
world
but
this
nitrous
salt
will
do
it
,
as
I
often
tryed
:
And
this
salt
is
to
be
found
in
all
hot
bathes
,
and
to
be
prepared
artificially
.
Thus
farre
Mounseur
de
Rochas
.
Something
like
unto
this
Helmont
seems
to
hold
forth
,
saying
that
there
is
a
Primum
ens
salium
,
or
semina
salium
,
which
are
all
seated
in
waters
and
vapours
and
give
them
an
acidity
,
but
as
yet
have
no
saline
tast
,
untill
they
meet
with
such
principles
,
and
be
received
into
certain
matrixes
in
the
earth
which
may
make
them
put
forth
this
potentiall
saltnesse
into
act
:
and
according
to
this
diversity
of
places
that
this
water
or
vapours
,
being
impregnated
with
those
seeds
of
salt
,
goe
through
,
ariseth
the
diversity
of
salts
,
as
Alum
,
sea-salt
,
Nitre
,
&c.
Then
upon
this
account
the
earth
through
which
the
cold
,
acid
,
saltish
water
abovesaid
run
through
,
did
specificate
that
potentiall
salt
which
was
both
in
the
water
,
and
vapours
,
into
a
nitrous
salt
,
(
by
which
meanes
was
that
kind
of
salt
in
that
place
)
but
whether
this
primum
ens
salium
be
so
unspecificated
,
or
quid
Hermaphroditicum
as
he
asserts
,
or
no
,
it
matters
not
much
to
my
purpose
;
it
sufficeth
if
that
earth
through
which
that
acid
nitrous
water
runs
,
attracts
and
multiplies
an
acid
nitrous
salt
,
with
which
the
water
being
impregnated
,
and
running
through
a
sulphurous
mine
causeth
an
ebullition
.
All
this
being
premised
,
I
shall
now
endeavor
to
illustrate
how
nature
may
in
this
be
imitated
,
as
that
an
artificiall
hot
bath
may
be
made
by
such
like
principles
,
as
the
naturall
hot
bath
consists
of
,
being
artificially
prepared
.
Now
these
principles
are
the
sulphur
mine
,
and
the
acid
nitrous
salt
;
the
former
requires
no
further
preparation
(
as
saith
Mounseur
de
Rochas
,
)
if
it
be
pure
:
the
latter
is
to
be
prepared
two
manner
of
wayes
:
for
either
it
is
to
be
extracted
,
as
saith
the
aforesaid
author
,
out
of
the
waters
of
the
bath
by
evaporating
them
away
,
or
by
condensing
the
nitrous
aire
(
for
indeed
as
many
judicious
philosophers
are
of
opinion
,
the
air
is
wholly
nitrous
,
as
it
appears
by
the
condensation
of
it
in
cold
places
into
Nitre
)
which
his
virgins
earth
did
doe
,
into
a
salt
,
which
was
acid
,
and
almost
fluxil
.
Now
when
I
say
that
the
nitrous
salt
is
to
be
thus
prepared
,
I
do
not
say
that
this
is
the
full
preparation
thereof
,
for
indeed
it
is
yet
further
to
be
prepared
,
and
that
is
by
giving
it
a
greater
acidity
.
I
question
much
whether
or
no
the
salt
being
prepared
after
the
aforesaid
wayes
do
retaine
that
acidity
which
is
required
for
that
ebullition
I
spake
of
,
and
which
the
nitrous
acid
water
had
before
it
came
to
the
Mine
of
Sulphur
.
For
indeed
the
aforesaid
author
when
he
affirmed
that
he
could
at
any
time
make
an
artificiall
hot
bath
,
did
not
say
he
used
the
salt
prepared
only
after
the
2.
former
wayes
,
viz.
by
extracting
it
out
of
the
waters
of
the
bath
,
and
making
it
with
his
virgin
earth
which
did
attract
,
and
condense
the
nitrousnesse
of
the
aire
,
but
withall
by
making
it
so
acid
that
it
might
cause
an
ebullition
when
it
came
to
be
joyned
with
a
sulphur
Mine
.
Now
then
how
to
give
this
Nitre
a
sufficient
acidity
is
the
great
question
.
For
the
better
effecting
of
this
we
must
consider
whence
that
nitrous
water
(
above
mentioned
)
in
the
earth
had
the
greatest
part
of
its
acidity
.
As
to
that
,
it
must
be
remembred
that
the
virgin
earth
through
which
the
acid
nitrous
water
did
run
,
did
condense
the
nitrous
air
or
vapours
into
a
nitrous
salt
,
and
withall
it
is
to
be
considered
that
before
this
nitrous
aire
or
vapour
,
before
it
be
condensed
,
even
when
it
is
neer
unto
condensation
is
acid
,
and
part
of
it
before
condensation
is
mixed
with
the
water
,
and
so
renders
it
acid
.
Now
that
waters
have
great
part
of
their
acidity
from
the
acid
vapours
of
acid
Mineralls
both
Henricus
ab
Heers
,
and
Jordan
upon
Minerall
waters
affirme
:
and
that
salts
unbodied
,
are
far
more
acid
then
when
they
have
assumed
a
body
,
is
clearly
manifest
in
this
,
viz.
that
spirits
of
salts
,
which
I
call
salts
unbodied
because
they
have
lost
their
body
,
are
become
very
acid
because
unbodied
;
if
so
in
Spirits
that
have
lost
their
bodies
,
why
not
after
some
proportion
in
those
that
have
not
yet
assumed
a
body
,
as
vapours
of
Nitre
,
or
nitrous
air
being
neer
to
congelation
,
and
bodying
,
and
impregnant
with
Spirits
of
Nitre
?
Now
I
say
that
nitrous
vapours
,
or
nitrous
air
being
a
salt
unbodied
,
are
not
so
acid
as
Spirits
of
Nitre
,
because
they
are
more
phlegmatick
and
crude
,
which
flegme
they
lose
by
being
congealed
into
a
salt
:
yet
for
all
this
,
they
are
far
more
acid
then
the
body
of
salt
:
and
this
is
that
which
Helmont
understands
,
when
he
saith
that
the
esurine
salt
being
incorporificated
is
far
more
active
,
in
giving
tast
and
odour
then
when
it
hath
received
its
body
by
becoming
a
specificated
salt
.
Furthermore
how
Nitre
shall
become
sufficiently
acid
for
the
aforesaid
operation
is
the
great
matter
to
be
required
into
.
We
must
therefore
consider
which
way
we
may
unbody
Nitre
(
seeing
it
is
scarse
possible
to
get
it
before
it
hath
received
its
body
)
and
that
is
done
two
wayes
,
either
by
forcing
of
it
into
a
most
sharp
Spirit
,
which
is
too
acid
for
our
intension
,
or
by
digesting
the
whole
substance
of
Nitre
into
a
Liquor
moderately
acid
,
which
indeed
serves
for
our
purpose
,
and
the
processe
is
this
.
Take
the
purest
Nitre
you
can
get
,
dissolve
it
in
rain
water
so
as
that
the
water
imbibe
as
much
of
it
as
it
can
.
Then
put
this
nitrous
water
into
a
common
earthen
vessell
unglazed
,
which
you
must
set
in
a
cellar
.
You
shall
see
this
vessell
in
a
short
time
to
be
white
all
over
on
the
outside
as
with
a
hoar
frost
,
which
whitenesse
is
partly
the
flowers
of
the
Nitre
being
the
purest
part
thereof
penetrating
the
vessell
,
and
partly
the
nitrous
aire
condensed
into
Nitre
by
the
coldnesse
of
the
vessell
,
as
also
assimilated
to
the
Nitre
that
penetrated
the
vessell
.
I
said
by
the
coldnesse
of
the
vessel
,
because
such
is
the
coldnesse
of
an
earthen
vessell
wherein
is
Nitre
,
dissolved
in
water
,
that
it
will
being
set
in
snow
by
the
fire
side
forthwith
be
freezed
.
This
Nitre
you
must
strike
off
with
a
feather
,
and
when
you
have
a
sufficient
quantity
thereof
,
as
three
or
four
pound
,
put
this
,
or
the
nitrous
salt
extracted
from
bath-waters
into
a
bolt
head
of
glasse
,
(
a
pound
in
each
bolt
head
)
that
two
parts
of
three
be
empty
,
nip
it
up
,
and
set
it
in
ashes
,
and
give
it
a
reasonable
strong
fire
,
viz.
that
the
upper
part
of
the
boul
of
the
bolt
head
be
as
hot
,
as
that
you
can
but
well
suffer
your
hand
upon
it
,
and
you
shall
see
that
the
Nitre
will
be
dissolved
every
day
a
little
,
and
in
2.
or
3.
moneths
time
be
wholly
dissolved
,
and
become
acid
,
but
not
so
acid
as
the
Spirit
thereof
;
then
put
it
into
a
glasse
gourd
with
a
head
,
and
distill
it
off
,
and
in
the
bottome
you
shall
find
an
acid
nitrous
salt
almost
fluxil
,
not
unlike
the
salt
which
Mounseur
de
Rochas
found
in
the
evaporating
of
this
water
.
Then
pour
the
distilled
Nitre
water
upon
the
said
salt
,
&
then
it
is
for
your
use
.
The
use
of
these
principles
or
ingredients
is
this
,
viz.
make
fountaine
water
sufficiently
acid
with
this
nitrous
Liquor
,
then
pour
it
upon
a
sufficient
quantity
of
the
best
Sulphur
Mine
,
or
Sulphur
vivum
in
a
large
wooden
vessell
where
the
patient
is
to
be
bathed
,
and
you
will
see
the
water
presently
heated
so
hot
as
the
patient
is
able
to
beare
.
The
inward
use
of
these
bath-waters
is
by
reason
of
the
Nitre
in
them
,
to
dissolve
grosse
humours
,
open
obstructions
,
cleanse
the
kidneys
and
bladder
,
and
by
reason
of
the
sulphur
to
dry
,
mollifie
,
discusse
,
and
glutinate
,
and
to
help
all
uterine
effects
proceeding
from
cold
and
windy
humours
.
Note
that
they
must
be
drunk
warme
,
and
in
a
good
quantity
,
or
else
they
will
do
more
hurt
then
good
.
The
outward
use
of
this
is
for
such
ill
effects
as
are
in
the
habit
of
the
body
,
and
out
of
the
veines
,
as
of
palsies
,
contractions
,
rheumes
,
cold
humors
,
affects
of
the
skin
and
aches
,
for
they
resolve
,
discusse
,
cleanse
,
mollifie
,
&c.
Now
for
the
manner
of
bathing
I
shall
not
prescribe
any
thing
,
but
leave
this
to
the
discretion
of
the
physitian
,
who
is
to
give
order
and
directions
for
all
the
circumstances
about
it
:
for
indeed
every
one
is
not
to
bath
when
,
and
how
he
pleaseth
,
but
must
apply
himselfe
to
an
able
physitian
,
and
submit
himself
to
his
judgement
and
experience
,
or
else
may
receive
either
prejudice
,
or
no
benefit
thereby
.
An
artificiall
Tunbridge
,
and
Epsa
me
Water
.
It
is
granted
by
all
,
that
Tunbridge
Water
proceeds
from
an
iron
mine
,
but
how
it
attracts
that
acidity
and
that
ironish
and
vitriolated
tast
and
odour
,
seeing
upon
evaporation
thereof
,
there
remains
little
or
no
vitriall
or
salt
of
iron
at
the
bottome
,
is
the
great
question
;
Now
for
the
solution
of
this
,
we
must
consider
how
many
wayes
a
subterraneall
minerall
,
or
metall
may
communicate
its
acidity
to
waters
,
and
that
saith
Henricus
ab
Heers
,
upon
Spaw-waters
,
it
doth
three
wayes
:
one
,
when
the
water
passing
through
the
mines
,
carryeth
along
with
it
some
of
the
dissoluble
parts
of
the
mine
,
to
which
is
consonant
the
saying
of
Aristotle
:
Such
are
waters
,
as
is
the
nature
of
those
Mines
through
which
they
passe
,
as
also
of
Galen
when
he
saith
,
that
pure
water
passing
through
Minerall
Mines
carry
with
them
some
of
the
substance
of
the
Mines
.
The
second
way
is
when
the
vapours
arising
from
sermented
Mineralls
and
Metalls
,
are
mixed
with
waters
.
Now
that
vapours
retain
the
odour
,
and
tast
of
those
things
,
from
whence
they
are
raised
,
Aristotle
in
his
fourth
Book
Sublimium
affirms
,
and
also
Helmont
when
he
saith
that
some
parts
of
the
iron
Mines
being
by
fermentation
turned
into
a
vapour
retain
the
odor
and
tast
of
the
Mine
by
vertue
of
the
acid
esurine
salt
,
and
are
not
presently
reduced
into
a
body
,
and
also
artificiall
vapours
of
the
iron
Mines
have
more
vertue
,
&
activity
,
(
I
mean
those
parts
that
are
raised
by
a
strong
fire
in
a
furnace
from
the
Mine
of
iron
)
then
iron
it selfe
when
it
is
melted
.
The
third
is
,
when
a
great
quantity
of
vapours
arising
from
the
aforesaid
fermented
Mines
is
elevated
,
and
by
the
coldnesse
of
the
ambient
earth
is
turned
into
an
acid
water
,
which
as
it
passeth
through
the
earth
meeteth
with
some
springs
of
water
,
and
mixing
with
them
gives
them
a
pleasant
acidity
.
And
this
is
the
best
of
all
acid
wtaers
being
clear
and
very
pure
.
This
being
premised
I
shall
now
proceed
to
the
processe
of
making
artificiall
waters
like
to
those
of
Tunbridge
and
Epsome
:
of
the
former
viz.
Tunbridge
thus
;
Take
of
the
Mine
,
or
ore
of
iron
,
beat
it
very
smal
,
and
put
it
into
the
furnace
expressed
page
83.
and
there
will
come
forth
an
acid
Spirit
,
and
flowers
,
which
you
must
mix
together
till
the
acid
Spirit
extracts
the
salt
out
of
the
flowers
,
then
decant
off
the
clear
liquor
which
will
have
a
strong
tast
and
smel
of
iron
.
A
few
drops
of
this
Liquor
put
into
a
glasse
full
of
fountaine
water
give
it
the
odour
and
tast
of
Tunbridge
water
,
and
communicates
the
same
operations
to
it
.
It
openeth
all
obstructions
,
purgeth
by
urine
,
cleanseth
the
kidneys
,
and
bladder
,
helpeth
the
pissing
of
bloud
,
the
stopping
of
the
urine
,
and
difficulty
of
making
water
,
it
allayeth
all
sharp
humors
,
cureth
inward
ulcers
,
and
impostumes
,
cleanseth
and
strengtheneth
the
stomach
,
and
liver
&c.
Note
that
fountaine
water
being
made
moderately
acid
with
this
acid
ironish
Liquor
may
be
taken
from
a
pint
to
six
pints
,
but
by
degrees
,
and
after
the
taking
of
it
moderate
exercise
is
to
be
used
,
and
fasting
to
be
observed
till
all
the
water
be
gone
out
of
the
body
,
which
will
be
in
seven
or
eight
houres
.
Epsome
water
is
made
artificially
thus
.
Take
of
the
mine
of
allom
,
or
allom
stones
,
powder
it
very
smal
,
and
distil
it
in
the
furnace
expressed
page
83.
and
there
will
distill
over
a
certain
acid
alluminish
water
,
which
must
be
mixed
with
a
double
quantity
of
Niter
water
(
the
preparation
whereof
is
set
down
in
the
processe
of
making
the
artificiall
hot
bath
)
.
Now
you
must
know
that
Epsome
water
hath
a
certain
kind
of
acid
tast
which
is
partly
alluminous
and
partly
nitrous
;
which
procedeth
from
nitrous
air
,
and
vapours
arising
from
the
fermentation
of
alluminous
Mines
,
being
first
mixed
together
,
and
then
mixed
with
the
fountaines
passing
through
the
earth
.
If
you
put
a
few
drops
of
this
Liquor
into
a
glasse
full
of
fountaine
water
it
will
give
it
the
odour
,
and
tast
of
Epsome
water
,
that
you
shall
scarce
discerne
them
asunder
either
by
that
odour
,
or
operation
.
This
water
is
purgative
,
and
indeed
purgeth
especially
all
sharp
burning
humours
,
cools
an
inflamed
,
and
opens
an
obstructed
body
;
cleanseth
the
kidneys
and
bladder
,
cureth
inward
ulcers
,
and
impostumes
,
is
a
very
good
preservative
against
the
consumption
,
&c.
Fountaine
water
made
acid
with
this
Liquor
may
be
taken
from
a
pint
to
six
or
eight
,
but
by
degrees
,
and
after
it
moderate
exercise
must
be
used
,
and
fasting
till
the
water
be
out
of
the
body
,
only
some
thin
warme
suppings
may
be
taken
to
helpe
the
working
thereof
.
Some
take
this
water
warm
.
To
make
artificiall
precious
stones
of
all
sorts
of
colours
.
Take
Crystalline
white
pibble-stones
that
are
very
white
throughout
and
have
no
mixture
of
any
other
colour
,
which
you
shal
find
in
fountaines
and
on
the
sands
of
the
sea
.
Put
them
into
a
crucible
,
make
them
glowing
hot
(
covering
the
crucible
)
then
cast
them
into
cold
water
,
by
which
means
they
will
crack
,
and
be
easily
reduced
into
a
powder
;
Take
the
powder
thereof
,
and
put
the
like
quantity
of
pure
salt
of
Tartar
thereto
,
which
salt
must
not
be
made
in
any
metalline
but
glasse
vessells
,
that
it
may
have
no
mixture
of
any
other
colour
.
To
this
mixture
you
may
adde
what
colour
you
please
,
which
must
be
of
a
minerall
or
a
metalline
nature
,
then
put
them
into
a
very
strong
crucible
which
must
be
but
half
full
,
and
then
covered
,
and
there
melt
them
in
a
strong
fire
till
they
become
like
glasse
.
Note
that
when
this
mixture
is
in
melting
you
must
put
an
iron
rod
into
it
and
take
up
some
of
it
,
&
if
there
appear
no
cornes
of
gravell
in
it
,
it
is
enough
;
If
otherwise
,
you
must
melt
it
longer
.
The
especiall
mineralls
and
metalls
that
give
colours
are
these
,
viz.
Copper
,
iron
,
silver
,
gold
,
Wismut
,
Magnesia
,
and
granats
.
Common
copper
makes
a
sea-green
;
copper
made
out
of
iron
a
grasse-green
;
granats
,
a
smaragdine-green
;
iron
yellow
,
or
a
Hyacinth
colour
;
silver
,
white
,
yellow
,
green
,
and
granat
colour
;
gold
a
fine
skie
colour
;
Wismut
common
blew
;
magnesia
,
an
amethyst
colour
:
And
if
you
will
mix
two
or
three
of
these
together
,
they
will
give
other
colous
.
For
copper
and
silver
mixed
together
give
an
amethyst
colour
:
copper
,
and
iron
a
pale
green
;
Wismut
,
and
magnesia
,
a
purple
colour
;
silver
and
magnesia
divers
colours
like
as
an
Opall
.
If
you
would
have
this
masse
not
to
be
transparent
but
opac
,
you
may
adde
the
calx
of
tin
to
it
when
it
is
in
melting
:
as
if
you
would
make
Lapis
lazuli
;
then
●o
your
mixture
coloured
with
Wismut
adde
the
calx
of
tin
,
and
this
mixture
when
it
is
almost
ready
to
congeal
cast
into
a
mould
where
some
powder
of
gold
hath
been
scattered
,
and
by
this
means
it
wil
become
full
of
golden
veins
very
like
true
lapis
lazuli
,
which
is
very
pleasant
to
behold
.
You
may
by
these
foresaid
preparations
cast
what
formes
or
figures
you
please
,
of
what
colour
you
please
.
The
Metals
,
and
Minerals
for
the
making
of
colours
ought
to
be
thus
prepared
,
viz.
Plates
of
copper
must
be
made
red
hot
,
and
then
quenched
in
cold
water
,
of
which
then
take
five
or
six
graines
,
and
mix
them
with
an
ounce
of
the
aforesaid
mixture
,
and
melt
them
all
together
,
and
they
will
colour
it
sea-green
.
Iron
must
be
made
into
a
Crocus
in
a
reverberatory
fire
,
and
then
eight
or
ten
grains
thereof
will
tinge
the
mixture
into
a
yellow
,
or
hyacinth
colour
.
Silver
is
to
be
dissolved
in
Aqua
fortis
and
precipitated
with
Oil
of
flints
,
then
dulcified
with
water
,
and
afterward
dryed
,
of
this
five
or
six
graines
give
a
mingled
colour
.
Gold
must
be
dissolved
in
Aqua
regis
,
and
precipitated
with
the
Liquor
of
flints
,
then
sweetened
,
and
dryed
,
and
five
or
six
grains
thereof
giveth
the
finest
saphir
colour
to
an
ounce
of
the
mixture
If
gold
be
melted
with
regulus
martis
nitrosus
,
five
or
six
graines
thereof
give
to
an
ounce
of
the
masse
a
most
incomparable
rubine
colour
.
Magnesia
may
be
powdred
only
,
and
then
ten
or
twelve
grains
thereof
make
an
amethyst
colour
.
Wismut
must
be
dissolved
in
Aqua
regis
,
and
precipitated
with
Liquor
of
flints
,
then
sweetened
,
and
dryed
;
and
then
of
this
foure
or
five
graines
turne
an
ounce
of
the
masse
into
a
saphir
colour
,
but
not
so
naturall
as
gold
doth
.
Granata
may
be
powder
only
,
and
then
ten
or
fifteen
grains
thereof
tinge
an
ounce
of
the
masse
into
a
fine
green
colour
not
unlike
to
the
naturall
Smaragdine
.
To
prove
what
kinde
of
metall
there
is
in
any
Ore
,
although
you
have
but
a
very
few
graines
thereof
,
so
as
that
you
cannot
make
proofe
thereof
the
ordinary
way
with
lead
.
Take
two
or
foure
graines
(
if
you
have
no
greater
quantity
)
of
any
Ore
that
you
have
,
put
it
to
halfe
an
ounce
of
Venice-glasse
,
and
melt
them
together
in
a
crucible
,
(
the
crucible
being
covered
)
and
according
to
the
tincture
that
the
glasse
receiveth
from
the
Ore
,
so
may
you
judge
what
kinde
of
metall
there
is
in
the
Ore
;
for
if
it
be
a
copper
Ore
,
then
the
glasse
will
be
tinged
with
a
sea-green
colour
.
If
copper
and
iron
,
a
glasse-green
.
If
iron
,
a
darke
yellow
.
If
tin
,
a
pale
yellow
.
If
silver
,
a
whitish
yellow
.
If
gold
,
a
fine
skie
colour
.
If
gold
and
silver
together
,
a
Smaragdine
colour
.
If
gold
,
silver
,
copper
,
and
iron
together
,
an
amethyst
colour
.
A
pretty
observation
upon
the
melting
of
Copper
and
Tin
together
.
First
make
two
bullets
of
red
copper
of
the
same
magnitude
,
make
also
two
bullets
of
the
purest
tin
in
the
same
mould
,
as
the
others
were
made
:
weigh
all
four
bullets
,
and
observe
the
weight
well
:
then
melt
the
copper
bullets
first
,
upon
them
being
melted
put
the
two
tin
bullets
,
and
melt
them
together
,
but
have
a
care
that
the
tin
fume
not
away
.
Then
cast
this
molten
mixture
in
the
same
moulds
as
before
,
and
it
will
scarce
make
three
bullets
,
but
yet
they
weigh
as
heavy
as
they
did
before
they
were
melted
together
.
I
suppose
the
copper
condenseth
the
body
of
the
tin
,
which
before
was
very
porous
,
which
condensation
rather
addes
then
diminisheth
the
weight
thereof
.
A
remarkable
observation
upon
the
melting
of
Salt
Armoniack
,
and
Calx
vive
together
.
Take
Salt
armoniack
,
and
Calx
vive
,
of
each
a
like
quantity
,
mix
,
and
melt
them
together
.
Note
that
Calx
of
it selfe
will
not
melt
in
lesse
then
eight
houres
with
the
strongest
fire
that
can
be
made
,
but
being
mixed
with
this
salt
melts
in
half
an
houre
,
and
lesse
,
like
a
metall
,
with
an
indifferent
fire
.
This
mixture
being
thus
melted
becomes
a
hard
stone
,
out
of
which
you
may
strike
fire
as
out
of
a
flint
,
which
if
you
dissolve
again
in
water
,
you
shall
have
the
Salt
armoniack
in
the
same
quantity
as
before
,
but
fixed
.
Note
that
hard
things
have
their
congelation
from
Salt
armoniack
,
as
hornes
,
bones
and
such
like
;
for
little
fixed
salt
can
be
extracted
from
them
,
only
volatile
and
armoniack
.
An
ounce
of
any
of
these
volatile
salts
,
(
as
of
hornes
,
bones
,
amber
,
and
such
like
)
reduced
into
an
acid
Liquor
by
distillation
,
condenseth
,
and
indurateth
a
pound
of
Oily
matter
.
An
easie
and
cheap
powder
like
unto
aurum
fulminans
.
Take
of
salt
Tartar
one
part
,
Salt-peter
three
parts
,
Sulphur
a
third
part
,
grind
these
well
together
,
and
dry
them
.
A
few
graines
of
this
powder
being
fired
will
give
as
great
a
clap
as
a
musket
when
it
is
discharged
.
To
make
an
Antimoniall
cup
,
and
to
cast
divers
figures
of
Antimony
.
Take
the
best
crude
antimony
very
well
powdered
,
Nitre
,
of
each
a
po●nd
,
of
crude
Tartar
finely
powdered
two
pound
,
mix
them
well
together
,
and
put
them
into
a
crucible
,
cover
the
crucible
,
and
melt
them
,
and
the
regulus
will
fall
to
the
bottome
,
and
be
like
a
melted
metall
,
then
pour
it
forth
into
a
brasse
mortar
,
being
first
smeared
over
with
Oil.
Or
,
Take
two
parts
of
powdered
Antimony
,
and
four
parts
o●
powder
of
crude
Tartar
,
melt
these
as
aforesaid
.
This
regulus
you
may
(
when
you
have
made
enough
of
it
)
melt
again
and
cast
it
into
what
moulds
you
please
,
you
may
either
make
cups
,
or
what
pictures
you
please
,
and
of
what
figures
you
please
.
You
may
cast
it
into
formes
of
shillings
or
halfe-crowns
,
either
of
which
if
you
put
it
into
two
or
three
ounces
of
wine
in
an
earthen
glazed
vessell
,
or
glasse
,
and
infuse
in
a
moderate
heat
all
night
,
you
may
have
a
Liquor
in
the
morning
which
will
cause
vomit
:
of
which
the
dose
is
from
two
drams
to
two
ounces
and
half
.
Note
that
in
the
Wine
you
may
put
a
little
Cinamon
to
correct
and
give
a
more
gratefull
relish
to
it
.
It
is
the
custome
to
fill
the
Antimoniall
cup
with
Wine
,
and
to
put
as
much
Wine
round
about
betwixt
that
and
the
little
earthen
cup
where
it
stands
,
and
so
infuse
it
all
night
,
and
then
drink
up
all
that
Wine
:
but
I
fear
,
that
so
much
Wine
will
be
too
much
as
being
three
or
four
ounces
when
as
we
seldome
exceed
the
quantity
of
two
ounces
of
the
infusion
of
Antimony
.
These
cups
,
or
pictures
will
last
for
ever
,
and
be
as
effectuall
after
a
thousand
times
infusion
as
at
first
:
and
if
they
be
broken
at
any
time
,
(
as
easily
they
may
being
as
brittle
as
glasse
)
they
may
be
cast
again
into
what
formes
you
please
.
Note
that
he
that
casts
them
must
be
skilfull
in
making
his
spawde
,
as
also
in
scouring
of
them
,
and
making
them
bright
afterwards
:
for
if
they
be
carefully
handled
they
will
look
even
as
bright
as
silver
.