AN
ACCOUNT
OF
A
Late
Voyage
TO
ATHENS
,
CONTAINING
The
Estate
both
Ancient
and
Modern
of
that
Famous
City
,
and
of
the
present
Empire
of
the
TURKS
:
The
Life
of
the
now
Sultan
Mahomet
the
IV.
With
the
Ministry
of
the
Grand
Vizier
,
Coprogli
Achmet
Pacha
.
Also
the
most
Remarkable
Passages
in
the
Turkish
Camp
at
the
Siege
of
CANDIA
.
And
divers
other
particularities
of
the
Affairs
of
the
PORT
.
By
Monsieur
de
la
GVILLATIERE
,
a
French
Gentleman
.
Now
Englished
.
LONDON
,
Printed
by
J.
M.
for
H.
Herringman
.
at
the
Blew
Anchor
in
the
Lower
Walk
of
the
New
Exchange
.
MDCLXXVI
.
ATHENS
Ancient
and
Modern
:
WITH
A
DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
PRESENT
STATE
OF
THE
EMPIRE
OF
THE
TURKS
.
BOOK
I.
SInce
it
is
Your
Desire
,
I
shall
send
you
some
other
time
the
Relation
of
My
Adventures
at
Tunis
,
and
the
Four
Years
Slavery
which
I
endured
in
Barbary
;
and
I
hope
you
will
not
repent
of
your
inclination
to
see
that
part
of
my
History
,
for
my
Imployment
was
under
such
Masters
as
have
enabled
me
much
for
the
satisfaction
of
your
Curiosity
:
But
your
Request
at
present
,
is
,
News
from
the
Famous
City
of
Athens
,
and
the
Coasts
of
Greece
,
which
I
viewed
before
my
Arrival
at
Athens
;
It
is
your
pleasure
likewise
that
I
send
you
an
Account
of
my
Remarks
in
the
Turks
Camp
before
Candia
,
where
I
was
present
at
that
time
.
I
shall
out-do
your
Proposals
,
and
give
you
the
particulars
of
the
Life
of
Sultan
Mahomet
IV.
and
of
the
Ministery
of
the
Grand
Visier
.
It
is
pleasant
to
me
,
and
reasonable
,
not
only
to
satisfie
,
but
exceed
the
desires
of
a
Brother
,
who
(
like
you
)
by
a
thousand
good
Offices
in
my
absence
,
perswade
me
that
the
bonds
of
our
Friendship
are
straiter
than
the
bonds
of
our
Birth
.
The
truth
is
,
a
Person
of
your
Curiosity
could
not
have
Addressed
himself
more
properly
than
to
me
;
and
,
as
it
seems
,
you
have
already
had
some
intimation
of
my
Conduct
in
my
Travels
:
Whilst
my
Companions
were
pursuing
their
Affairs
,
and
employed
where
their
Commerce
required
,
I
entertained
my
Curiosity
,
sometimes
with
Merchants
,
to
whom
I
was
recommended
;
sometimes
with
mine
Host
,
and
sometimes
with
our
Guides
,
especially
if
I
found
them
any
thing
ingenious
;
in
that
case
I
brib'd
them
to
procure
me
the
Conversation
of
the
most
Considerable
Persons
in
those
Quarters
;
and
where
ever
I
came
,
my
business
was
to
inform
my self
of
every
thing
.
About
the
end
of
February
1669.
I
parted
from
Tunis
in
a
Vessel
belonging
to
Alexandria
,
call'd
the
St.
John
Baptist
,
which
Vessel
,
though
of
Legorn
,
carry'd
the
Colours
of
Genoa
,
and
was
commanded
by
the
Captain
Crivellieri
of
the
Isle
of
Corsica
,
which
as
you
know
belongs
to
the
Common-wealth
of
Genoa
:
Crivellieri
was
a
Gentleman
,
with
some
tincture
of
Learning
,
which
is
rare
in
his
Country
:
He
took
pleasure
in
my
Conversation
,
and
during
my
Voyage
,
having
made
some
benefit
of
my
Experience
in
Navigation
,
he
did
me
a
thousand
civilities
;
told
me
that
the
Fraight
was
already
paid
for
his
Ship
to
Constantinople
as
soon
as
she
had
unladen
at
Genoa
;
and
endeavouring
to
oblige
me
to
go
along
with
him
,
as
an
inducement
,
he
told
me
his
Vessel
was
to
touch
at
Porto-lione
a
league
and
half
from
Athens
,
to
the
sight
of
which
place
I
was
formerly
most
ardently
inclin'd
:
But
two
years
Service
in
the
Wars
of
Hungary
,
and
four
years
slavery
in
Barbary
had
cool'd
me
,
and
taken
off
much
of
my
rambling
Fancy
which
indeed
was
the
great
infirmity
of
my
Mind
:
I
had
then
thoughts
of
reposing
it
for
a
year
or
two
,
and
to
go
try
in
my
own
Country
whether
I
could
not
cure
it
by
the
pleasures
of
a
retir'd
life
,
and
applying
my self
afresh
to
my
former
studies
.
However
the
Captains
proposition
startled
me
,
and
rais'd
no
small
combate
betwixt
my
Resolution
and
Inclination
.
The
same
day
we
came
to
an
anchor
at
Genoa
,
he
was
visited
by
two
Germans
,
two
Italian
,
and
one
English
Gentleman
,
who
came
in
company
from
Rome
,
where
they
had
contracted
a
friendship
,
and
agreed
among
themselves
to
pass
together
into
Turky
.
They
had
been
tempted
to
Genoa
,
upon
intelligence
,
that
our
Ship
was
to
arrive
very
suddenly
,
and
to
pass
from
thence
to
Athens
:
Those
who
had
advertis'd
them
of
that
convenience
,
had
told
them
withal
,
what
an
advantage
it
would
be
to
them
to
make
their
Voyage
in
a
Vessel
belonging
to
that
Republick
;
for
since
the
Year
1665.
it
had
been
at
Peace
with
the
Port
,
and
obtained
a
Priviledge
of
carrying
out
its
own
Colours
;
whereas
till
that
time
She
had
managed
her
Commerce
into
the
Levant
,
under
the
Standard
of
the
French
.
The
next
day
being
come
on
Shore
,
the
Captain
return'd
a
Visit
to
the
Travellers
,
and
took
me
along
with
him
.
I
found
presently
that
they
were
Learned
and
Curious
.
They
had
provided
themselves
of
a
Quadrant
well
enough
made
,
and
a
Perspective-Glass
that
was
sold
them
for
one
of
Eustachius
Divinus
his
making
,
who
was
famous
in
Rome
for
those
kind
of
things
,
and
Competitor
with
the
admirable
Campani
.
The
Captain
knew
these
Gentlemen
were
for
my
turn
,
and
smiling
upon
me
,
put
the
Perspective-Glass
into
my
hands
;
I
eyed
it
a
little
,
and
looking
gravely
,
to
give
my self
Authority
,
I
blunder'd
out
two
or
three
Optick
terms
,
that
put
my
Gallants
into
a
surprise
,
to
find
a
person
of
their
own
Learning
and
Curiosity
in
the
habit
of
a
Slave
;
but
having
deliver'd
my
Opinion
of
it
to
the
Captain
in
the
Turkish
Language
,
the
English-man
and
the
two
Germans
embraced
me
;
profess'd
they
had
found
a
Treasure
,
and
would
needs
oblige
me
to
go
along
with
them
into
Greece
:
The
truth
is
,
the
Languages
that
I
spoke
,
and
the
Experience
which
I
had
,
perswaded
them
they
should
be
very
happy
to
have
me
with
them
,
and
they
express'd
their
Opinion
in
that
point
by
a
thousand
Caresses
,
and
a
thousand
importunities
to
tempt
me
.
It
is
no
shame
to
me
to
confess
,
that
the
Stock
of
one
who
had
been
four
years
a
Slave
,
was
too
short
to
defray
the
charge
of
that
Voyage
;
and
the
sudden
departure
of
the
Ship
would
not
suffer
me
to
attend
till
the
Trustees
for
my
Estate
could
make
me
any
Returns
from
my
little
Patrimony
in
Auvergne
:
But
my
Fellow-travellers
supply'd
me
,
and
all
things
went
on
very
well
,
and
very
honourably
for
me
:
They
were
content
to
take
my
Bill
for
a
summ
of
money
which
they
advanc'd
.
Could
I
have
dispenc'd
with
my
Natural
Pride
,
I
should
have
accepted
of
the
offer
they
made
of
bearing
my
whole
Charge
,
to
the
very
Taxes
which
the
Turks
in
roguery
do
exact
from
the
Christians
upon
several
unreasonable
pretences
:
However
,
I
would
needs
have
it
thought
I
borrow'd
it
only
,
though
perhaps
they
might
have
given
it
as
well
.
Our
Ship
was
of
Two
hundred
and
fifty
Tun
,
mounted
with
sixteen
pieces
of
Canon
,
and
set
sayle
the
20.
of
March
1669.
At
first
we
were
carried
with
a
N.
W.
wind
with
which
that
very
night
we
doubled
the
Cape
Corso
,
Coasting
along
by
the
Shore
of
Corsica
,
with
design
to
put
in
at
Porto-Vecchio
,
which
lies
in
the
Gulf
of
Arfiano
,
due
East
of
the
said
Island
.
You
see
Sir
,
according
to
your
Advice
,
I
make
use
of
Sea-term●
,
though
my
Discourse
reaches
no
farther
than
the
Navigation
in
the
Streights
:
You
justifie
me
by
an
irrefragable
Argument
,
in
telling
me
that
writing
principally
for
my
own
private
acquaintance
in
Paris
,
I
may
well
use
such
terms
as
are
already
familiar
to
them
:
Besides
you
are
not
ignorant
,
that
unless
it
be
those
of
the
Provence
,
all
our
Pilots
do
use
the
same
phrases
which
I
make
use
of
to
you
.
Our
little
Troop
of
Travellers
retir'd
into
a
Cabin
appointed
them
by
the
Captain
in
the
Stern
of
the
Ship
,
to
free
them
from
the
noise
and
clutter
of
the
rest
:
The
Italians
were
call'd
,
one
of
them
Bocca-negra
,
and
the
other
Bianchi
;
the
two
Germans
,
one
of
them
Hermerstat
,
and
the
other
Hoeninghen
,
and
the
English
mans
name
was
Drelingston
.
You
may
imagine
,
that
persons
who
had
voluntarily
undertaken
a
Voyage
to
Athens
,
had
at
the
least
some
smattering
of
Learning
.
The
Country
is
so
poor
there
,
there
is
little
of
profit
to
tempt
a
Man
thither
;
nor
would
it
indeed
satisfie
any
Mans
pains
or
expectation
but
a
Scholars
.
Two
of
our
number
were
excellent
in
Mathematicks
and
Chymistry
,
and
all
of
us
well
versed
in
History
,
both
Ancient
and
Modern
,
which
was
of
great
use
to
us
in
our
Voyage
;
for
having
provided
our selves
with
certain
Greek
Authors
,
we
consulted
them
with
as
much
exactness
as
possible
,
to
inform
our selves
of
the
Situations
,
and
Models
of
several
great
Fabricks
,
which
time
had
so
perfectly
demolish'd
,
that
they
were
lost
beyond
the
very
tradition
of
the
Inhabitants
.
Our
usual
pains
and
impatience
in
matters
of
Navigation
,
we
sweetned
sometimes
by
pleasant
and
agreeable
Recreations
;
and
when
we
were
tired
with
any
thing
that
was
intricate
and
knotty
,
we
diverted
our selves
upon
the
Interests
of
the
Princes
of
Europe
;
For
matters
of
State
are
alwayes
the
last
part
of
the
Conversation
of
Scholars
,
as
well
as
of
the
entertainment
of
the
Common
People
.
The
wind
being
contrary
,
and
our
Ship
(
with
much
Veering
sometimes
on
one
side
,
and
sometimes
on
the
other
)
got
up
into
the
mouth
of
the
Gulf
Arsiano
,
our
Captain
took
his
Shallop
and
went
on
Shore
at
Porto-Vecchio
:
He
would
not
acquaint
us
upon
what
score
;
but
I
understood
since
,
it
was
by
Express
Orders
from
the
States
of
Genoa
to
see
what
they
did
there
in
the
business
of
the
Magnotti
or
Mainottes
(
for
they
are
pronounc'd
both
wayes
.
)
These
Magnotti
are
a
People
of
Greece
inhabiting
part
of
that
Country
which
belong'd
anciently
to
the
Lacedemonians
;
and
the
only
persons
of
all
Greece
that
have
to
this
present
preserv'd
themselves
a
Common-wealth
in
spite
of
the
great
Power
of
the
Turks
:
But
of
late
they
are
grown
apprehensive
lest
Candia
should
fall
into
the
Enemies
hands
,
and
after
the
taking
of
that
Town
,
the
Grand
Visier
should
address
himself
to
the
subversion
of
their
Government
:
Insomuch
as
the
Magnotti
have
some
thoughts
of
quitting
their
own
Country
,
and
establishing
in
the
Isle
of
Corsica
;
to
which
purpose
they
have
lately
sent
underhand
to
the
State
of
Genoa
,
to
desire
that
admission
near
Porto-Vecchio
which
they
were
formerly
offered
;
so
that
our
Captains
business
on
Shore
was
only
to
inform
himself
how
the
Commissioners
deputed
by
the
Republick
proceeded
in
the
distribution
of
such
Lands
as
were
assigned
them
.
Our
Captain
return'd
,
we
sail'd
directly
for
Malta
,
and
,
for
the
dispatching
of
certain
Affairs
,
remain'd
at
Anchor
half
a
day
within
sight
of
the
Chief
Port
in
that
Island
.
About
Evening
a
Shallop
came
on
board
us
with
an
Italian
and
a
Turk
,
who
desir'd
,
by
the
convenience
of
our
Vessel
to
be
set
down
in
some
Island
of
the
Archipelago
,
or
some
Port
of
Morea
.
The
Turk
seem'd
a
person
of
Condition
,
though
just
then
coming
out
of
Slavery
.
The
Italian
and
he
had
both
of
them
had
relation
to
a
Knight
of
Malta
lately
dead
,
who
to
recompence
the
Services
of
the
Italian
had
given
him
the
Turk
for
a
Legacy
.
The
Turk
pretended
to
be
considerable
in
his
own
Country
,
and
gave
sufficient
testimony
that
he
had
been
honourably
imploy'd
in
the
Wars
both
of
Hungary
and
Candia
:
But
with
all
his
Merit
,
and
all
his
boasting
,
he
had
not
been
able
to
ransom
himself
,
though
he
had
sent
many
Letters
to
his
Friends
;
the
Italian
hereupon
(
his
new
Master
)
was
about
selling
him
to
a
Captain
who
was
recruiting
his
Gally
;
but
the
Turk
unwilling
to
keep
longer
at
the
Oare
,
if
it
were
possible
to
prevent
it
,
had
so
cox'd
the
Italian
with
assurances
of
honesty
,
and
hopes
of
a
good
ransom
,
that
they
came
lovingly
from
Malta
,
with
intention
to
have
pass'd
together
in
our
Vessel
into
Turky
,
where
the
Ransom
was
to
be
readily
paid
,
and
an
inviolable
Friendship
to
be
contracted
between
them
.
We
were
at
that
time
by
accident
upon
the
Deck
,
and
heard
them
give
an
account
of
their
design
;
most
of
our
Equipage
fell
a
laughing
,
and
derided
the
simplicity
of
the
Italian
,
upon
whom
they
look'd
as
a
person
little
better
than
a
fool
.
In
short
,
though
in
those
cases
little
heed
is
given
to
the
stories
of
a
Slave
,
yet
they
are
never
sparing
of
their
promises
,
and
to
get
leave
to
go
and
solicite
their
Ransoms
,
are
never
short
in
magnifying
and
protesting
their
own
probity
and
gratitude
.
A
Secretary
who
was
with
us
,
gave
us
an
instance
,
and
told
it
on
purpose
that
the
Italian
might
hear
it
:
His
account
was
this
,
That
he
had
at
one
time
seven
Slaves
of
Acrioteri
in
Natolia
;
that
he
had
been
perswaded
to
trust
five
of
them
to
return
into
their
own
Country
,
and
to
go
along
with
them
to
raise
the
Ransoms
of
all
,
and
that
he
kept
the
other
two
as
Hostages
for
performance
of
Articles
.
They
pretended
that
at
Smirna
they
should
find
Friends
enough
who
would
treat
them
handsomly
,
and
supply
them
with
Camels
and
Money
to
compleat
their
Journey
;
and
yet
when
they
came
there
,
and
all
the
way
beyond
,
they
had
nothing
to
trust
to
,
but
what
they
begg'd
;
and
when
at
length
they
came
to
Acrioteri
,
all
their
Relations
were
either
gone
or
dead
,
or
so
poor
that
they
were
not
able
to
relieve
them
:
In
a
word
,
instead
of
paying
him
as
they
had
ingaged
,
it
was
once
in
debate
to
sell
their
Master
,
and
it
was
no
small
happiness
for
him
that
they
chose
rather
to
give
him
the
slip
:
He
had
a
thousand
fears
upon
him
(
till
their
Hostages
were
restored
)
that
they
would
have
secured
him
:
He
added
also
that
at
his
return
he
used
the
two
Hostages
very
severely
,
but
to
no
purpose
,
it
neither
brought
the
other
back
,
nor
constrained
the
two
poor
Creatures
to
ransom
themselves
.
This
Story
quite
altered
the
Italian
,
and
expunged
all
his
former
sentiments
of
Generosity
and
Confidence
.
The
Vessel
that
brought
them
from
Malta
,
was
still
with
us
,
attending
an
Answer
to
certain
Letters
which
our
Captain
had
received
;
so
that
the
Italian
prepared
to
carry
his
Slave
back
,
resolving
to
dispose
of
him
to
some
other
person
:
This
he
insinuated
to
the
Turk
,
who
to
speak
truth
,
at
that
time
testified
the
greatness
of
his
mind
;
he
seemed
not
at
all
surpriz'd
,
but
having
asserted
his
quality
with
all
the
modesty
in
the
world
,
and
protested
that
he
would
have
sincerely
kept
his
Parole
;
he
exprest
himself
very
ready
to
return
to
Malta
,
if
his
Master
pleased
.
This
modesty
and
resignation
in
him
,
wrought
compassion
in
me
;
and
by
good
fortune
it
came
into
my
mind
to
speak
to
my
Camerades
of
a
thing
which
I
had
gathered
from
his
Discourse
.
This
Turk
had
told
me
that
he
was
born
in
a
place
not
far
from
Athens
,
in
a
Country
to
which
all
of
us
had
a
curiosity
to
go
,
and
indeed
would
have
purchased
such
a
Person
at
a
dear
rate
,
if
for
nothing
but
his
assistance
during
our
residence
there
.
I
acquainted
our
friends
how
useful
he
might
be
,
and
advising
them
not
to
slip
so
fair
an
opportunity
;
I
prevailed
with
them
to
buy
him
:
It
was
only
the
hazard
of
so
much
money
as
his
Ransom
would
cost
,
which
might
be
possibly
repayd
,
however
it
would
not
be
absolutely
lost
,
seeing
it
would
give
us
at
least
a
fair
pretence
into
that
Country
,
and
afford
us
convenience
of
seeing
that
securely
,
which
we
would
otherwise
have
done
,
though
with
more
danger
.
We
propounded
it
to
the
Turk
,
not
doubting
but
he
would
gladly
embrace
it
:
He
finding
himself
returning
to
the
Galleys
,
and
that
we
offering
so
honourably
to
redeem
him
,
expressed
great
sense
of
our
kindness
,
and
●esolutions
of
gratitude
.
He
assisted
to
make
the
bargain
,
and
to
beat
down
the
price
as
much
as
he
could
.
He
had
been
●ong
enough
in
Malta
to
speak
Italian
ve●y
well
:
We
paid
him
Four
hundred
Franks
,
●nd
the
Italian
return'd
by
himself
,
and
●eft
his
Turk
to
make
his
Voyage
with
us
.
The
first
thing
that
confirmed
my
good
opi●ion
of
this
Slave
,
was
the
civility
which
●e
showed
immediately
to
the
person
who
●ad
told
the
Story
of
the
five
Slaves
which
had
cheated
him
;
He
was
sensible
enough
that
it
had
hindered
his
return
with
his
old
Master
,
and
hazarded
the
continuation
of
his
slavery
;
yet
he
was
so
far
from
being
provoked
,
that
he
came
to
him
,
embraced
him
with
both
his
Arms
,
and
thanked
him
for
being
instrumental
in
delivering
him
from
so
rigid
a
Master
,
and
placing
him
with
such
persons
of
worth
:
We
used
him
very
civilly
,
and
I
entered
into
a
more
particular
friendship
with
him
,
by
reason
of
my
smattering
in
the
Turkish
language
,
which
was
the
occasion
of
our
frequent
discourse
.
His
name
was
Osman
Chelebi
,
which
last
word
is
a
Title
of
honour
,
and
given
only
to
considerable
Persons
.
Being
got
up
to
the
height
of
Capo-Passaro
,
which
is
South-east
of
Sicily
,
we
descryed
a
Vessel
that
gave
us
an
alarm
:
We
discovered
by
her
Hull
she
was
a
Christian
Frigot
,
but
she
carryed
the
Colours
o●
Barbary
,
which
sent
us
immediately
to
our
Arms
,
and
our
Port-holes
were
opened
to
make
room
for
our
Canon
:
We
had
no●
sooner
done
that
,
but
she
put
up
the
English
Colours
,
after
them
the
Portugal
,
and
nex●
the
Colours
of
Ragusa
:
We
were
all
this
while
upon
the
Decks
,
no
whit
delighted
with
this
kind
of
sport
:
but
the
Frigot
being
as
little
desirous
to
put
an
end
to
our
confusion
,
put
out
new
Colours
still
,
as
the
Colours
of
Genoa
,
Holland
,
France
,
and
Hambourg
,
which
last
are
very
rare
to
be
seen
in
the
Levant
Seas
:
Not
long
after
we
observed
the
Standard
of
Savoy
,
as
great
a
rarity
as
the
other
;
and
after
that
the
Pope's
,
with
the
Arms
of
the
Family
of
the
Rospigliosi
,
out
of
which
his
Holiness
was
descended
.
Having
taken
down
those
Colours
,
the
Frigot
continued
some
time
without
any
,
as
we
supposed
,
employ'd
in
looking
out
the
Colours
of
Algier
,
and
Venice
,
which
were
hung
up
afterwards
.
Thus
have
I
given
you
in
part
an
Inventory
of
the
Goods
of
the
Pyrats
,
who
by
a
new
name
,
from
an
old
word
,
are
at
this
day
called
Capers
,
of
which
sort
of
Cattel
there
is
scarce
one
but
is
furnished
with
all
sorts
of
Colours
;
by
which
means
the
poor
Merchant
is
many
times
deluded
,
suffering
them
to
come
so
near
,
upon
an
imagination
they
are
Friends
,
that
't
is
then
too
late
to
get
off
,
and
they
are
forced
to
submit
.
We
were
not
so
taken
up
with
these
extravagant
changes
,
but
we
could
observe
the
Enemy
preparing
all
the
while
to
attack
us
;
and
indeed
we
had
but
few
of
our
crew
that
were
desirous
of
that
.
When
the
Frigot
came
within
distance
of
twice
Canon-shot
she
slackned
her
Sails
,
to
give
us
notice
by
their
Shalop
,
that
we
should
take
down
our
Standard
,
and
salute
them
with
all
the
Guns
we
had
in
our
Vessel
,
otherwise
they
would
sink
us
to
the
bottom
:
In
contempt
,
they
sent
this
Message
to
us
by
the
most
inconsiderable
persons
among
them
;
yet
one
of
them
,
more
rational
and
civil
than
the
rest
,
took
our
Captain
aside
,
and
told
him
the
Frigot
was
commanded
by
a
Christian
,
but
a
haughty
insolent
person
who
affected
to
make
himself
terrible
,
and
his
name
you
shall
have
hereafter
.
All
his
crew
were
drunk
,
it
being
their
third
day
of
rejoicing
for
two
Prizes
which
they
had
taken
from
the
Turks
of
a
considerable
value
.
Whilst
we
were
in
this
suspence
,
the
Frigot
gave
us
two
Guns
with
Bullet
,
and
had
like
to
have
brought
our
Fore-Mast
by
the
Board
.
Their
Messenger
told
us
we
might
perceive
with
what
kind
of
Persons
we
had
to
deal
;
that
their
fingers
itcht
to
be
at
us
,
and
that
whilst
they
were
under
the
fury
of
their
debauch
,
it
would
not
be
discretion
in
us
to
provoke
them
.
He
told
us
likewise
,
that
before
he
came
away
,
they
had
prepared
to
burn
our
Sails
,
and
to
that
end
had
ram'd
into
their
great
Guns
Rags
of
Linen
steep'd
in
Oyl
and
Strong-waters
.
Our
Captain
called
a
Council
,
and
made
it
appear
how
sensible
he
was
of
,
and
how
willing
to
revenge
so
great
an
affront
,
if
we
thought
him
in
a
condition
to
do
it
,
but
he
refer'd
to
our
advice
,
and
was
not
much
offended
when
we
gave
our
judgments
,
that
we
were
in
prudence
to
quit
our selves
of
those
desperado's
,
though
at
the
expence
of
a
little
Formality
;
and
to
do
it
with
as
little
dishonour
as
might
be
,
we
insisted
that
when
we
struck
and
saluted
them
,
the
Frigot
should
hang
out
either
the
French
or
English
Colours
;
But
the
Messenger
told
us
it
was
not
to
be
expected
,
his
power
was
limited
;
and
that
we
must
strike
either
to
the
Hambourg
or
Ragusa
Colours
,
(
which
were
the
most
inconsiderable
of
them
all
)
and
to
no
other
;
and
observing
the
Frigot
working
her
side
to
us
,
he
required
us
peremptorily
to
salute
the
Standard
of
Ragusa
,
increasing
the
injury
by
taking
away
the
liberty
of
our
choice
,
even
of
those
contemptible
two
;
but
the
inequality
of
our
force
made
our
Captain
constrain
himself
.
We
sent
their
Shallop
on
Board
again
,
and
they
causing
the
Banner
of
Ragusa
to
be
set
up
;
we
Lowr'd
our
Top-sails
,
saluted
them
with
all
our
great
Guns
,
and
to
satiate
their
ambition
,
if
possible
,
came
under
their
Lee
,
which
is
the
basest
and
most
abject
Formality
upon
the
Seas
.
In
this
manner
the
madness
of
the
Corsair
brought
us
acquainted
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
Standards
belonging
to
the
Mediterranean
;
but
his
Ceremony
at
parting
was
nothing
inferiour
,
and
one
must
have
spent
some
time
in
a
considerable
Fleet
to
understand
what
he
meant
:
he
hung
out
the
several
Flags
that
are
used
to
distinguish
every
particular
Ship
,
according
to
the
rank
and
dignity
of
the
Officer
;
For
having
set
up
the
Spanish
Standard
,
he
represented
an
Admiral
by
clapping
his
Colours
upon
the
Main-Mast
;
taking
them
down
there
,
he
personated
a
Vice-Admiral
by
setting
them
up
in
his
Misne
,
and
then
the
Reer-Admiral
by
removing
it
to
another
:
In
short
,
after
this
,
he
made
himself
another
Officer
,
by
hanging
out
a
Flame
at
his
Main-Mast
,
and
at
last
,
the
Commander
of
a
Squadron
,
by
his
Cornet
,
and
with
that
he
vanished
.
The
Italians
being
naturally
jealous
,
our
Captain
suspected
there
was
more
than
ordinary
in
this
insolence
;
for
my
part
I
was
not
at
all
troubled
to
find
there
were
people
in
the
world
that
could
mortifie
the
Vanity
of
Genoa
,
since
they
had
a
new
Standard
of
their
own
.
They
have
made
no
great
advantage
of
it
these
three
years
past
,
since
which
time
they
have
laid
aside
the
French
;
nor
has
this
whimsie
been
capable
of
restoring
the
authority
which
they
had
formerly
in
those
Seas
,
where
doubtless
they
have
been
more
potent
than
the
Venetian
.
But
how
remarkable
soever
these
passages
are
,
our
Physitian
Boccanegra
(
who
for
his
divertisement
kept
a
Journal
of
our
Navigation
,
after
the
manner
of
a
Pilot
)
took
no
notice
of
them
in
his
Book
,
where
our
Captain
would
many
times
look
in
curiosity
,
but
could
never
find
any
thing
,
but
by
what
wind
we
were
carryed
,
and
how
many
fathom
water
.
On
Saturday
the
6.
of
April
,
and
18.
of
our
Voyage
,
we
discovered
the
Coasts
of
Greece
,
and
by
ten
in
the
morning
were
got
within
sight
of
the
old
Castle
de
Maina
,
which
denominates
the
Canton
of
Brazzo
di
Maina
.
We
were
obliged
to
keep
at
a
distance
of
two
miles
from
the
shore
,
where
we
came
to
an
Anchor
in
fifteen
fathom
water
,
(
for
nearer
there
was
no
ground
for
greater
Vessels
)
the
Castle
lying
to
the
N.
W.
Here
we
understood
we
were
not
above
eighteen
Leagues
from
Misithra
,
which
is
the
name
at
present
of
the
famous
City
of
Sparta
.
In
a
word
,
the
Greeks
,
like
the
Turks
,
measure
their
way
by
the
hour
;
and
an
hours
distance
is
as
much
as
a
Footman
can
make
in
an
hours
time
at
the
ordinary
walk
of
a
Horse
,
which
is
near
as
much
as
a
French
League
or
three
Miles
in
Italy
.
The
Brazzo
di
Maina
is
the
Southerly
part
of
the
famous
Country
of
the
Lacedemonians
,
inclosed
betwixt
two
rows
of
Mountains
that
run
into
the
Sea
almost
full
North
and
South
,
and
form
the
Cape
of
Matapan
,
called
anciently
Tenara
;
so
that
Westward
the
Cape
makes
the
Gulf
of
Coron
,
formerly
called
the
Gulf
of
Messena
;
and
Eastward
the
Gulf
of
Colochina
,
called
by
the
Antients
the
Laconick
Gulf.
The
Western
Coast
of
Greece
,
begins
at
the
Port
of
Calamata
,
which
is
the
most
Northerly
of
that
Country
,
and
runs
on
to
the
Cape
de
Matapan
,
where
the
Eastern
Coast
commences
,
and
runs
along
bending
insensibly
towards
the
North
,
till
at
last
it
ends
at
Port-Rapani
,
the
farthest
Port
in
the
Brazzo
di
Maina
.
The
Port
de
Calamata
,
and
the
Port
de
Coron
lie
seven
Leagues
asunder
,
one
of
them
W.
N.
W.
the
other
E.
S.
E.
But
the
ordinary
way
from
Calamata
to
Cape
Matapan
is
S.
S.
E.
and
about
Fourteen
Leagues
.
The
Eastern
Coast
runs
N.
E.
about
ten
Leagues
from
Cape
Matapan
to
Pagana
,
from
Pagana
to
Colchina
it
runs
Eastward
about
four
Leagues
;
from
Colchina
to
the
Point
of
Porto-Rapani
(
where
the
Coast
is
most
bending
)
it
inclines
Eastward
for
about
five
Leagues
together
.
It
may
well
be
said
that
on
the
Western
Coast
the
anchoring
is
not
so
good
as
on
the
Eastern
;
for
on
the
Western
Coast
the
Ground
is
false
,
and
consists
much
in
banks
of
Sand
,
so
that
to
Cruise
upon
that
Coast
at
the
distance
of
a
League
,
it
is
necessary
to
have
a
Greek
Pilot
,
or
otherwise
you
must
be
perpetually
Sounding
.
I
could
describe
all
the
Soundings
,
did
I
not
fear
to
be
troublesom
,
for
I
have
them
in
my
Memoires
as
they
were
given
me
by
one
of
the
best
Pilots
in
that
Country
.
Calamata
retains
much
of
its
old
name
Calamiae
,
of
which
Polybius
makes
mention
.
Passing
from
thence
to
the
Cape
,
de
Matapan
,
the
first
Village
we
came
to
is
called
Christo
,
which
name
was
given
it
from
a
miraculous
Crucifix
,
which
the
Grecians
have
erected
in
that
place
.
The
Greeks
do
not
use
emboss'd
work
,
and
therefore
this
Crucifix
was
only
painted
upon
Wood.
Christo
of
old
was
called
Gerenea
,
and
was
the
place
of
the
Nativity
of
Nestor
,
whose
prudence
contributed
so
much
to
the
taking
of
Troy
.
From
Christo
the
Coast
leads
to
Chiores
,
which
is
a
little
Chorion
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
as
the
Vulgar
Greek
call
a
Village
.
The
Houses
of
Chiores
stand
scatter'd
and
dispers'd
in
a
Wood
full
of
Fountains
,
for
there
are
more
Springs
of
Water
in
the
Country
of
the
Magnotti
,
than
in
any
Country
of
Europe
besides
.
About
half
a
League
from
thence
lies
the
small
Village
Cardamile
,
which
has
kept
its
name
from
the
time
of
Agamemnon
;
it
is
one
of
the
richest
little
Towns
in
the
Brazzo
di
Maina
,
wherefore
the
Greeks
do
not
call
it
a
Chorion
but
a
Chora
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
which
is
their
word
for
a
Town
.
The
Banks
about
Cardamile
are
famous
in
memory
of
those
delicate
Nymphs
which
came
out
of
the
Neighbouring
Waters
to
be
present
at
the
Nuptials
of
Pyrrhus
the
Son
of
Achilles
,
when
he
came
into
those
parts
to
solemnize
his
Marriage
with
Hermione
.
The
great
Village
Istechia
is
not
above
three
small
Leagues
from
Cardamile
upon
the
Coast
,
but
is
not
to
be
confounded
with
another
large
Town
of
the
same
Name
not
far
from
Thebes
,
and
eminent
for
the
great
Battel
Epaminondas
gained
there
against
the
Lacedemonians
.
Our
French
Geographers
will
needs
have
the
Castle
of
Maina
to
be
the
old
Town
of
Leuctra
,
but
they
are
much
out
in
their
description
of
that
Country
.
About
Canon
shot
from
Istechia
,
the
little
Rock
of
Pecno
is
to
be
seen
,
about
a
Musket
shot
distance
in
the
Sea
;
the
Ancients
called
it
formerly
Pephnos
,
and
't
was
a
wonder
to
me
that
they
should
denominate
an
Island
from
so
pitiful
a
Rock
,
whose
top
is
no
larger
than
the
top
of
Mont-Martyr
:
However
,
in
this
Country
it
was
that
Castor
and
Pollux
were
born
.
It
was
told
us
as
a
great
wonder
,
That
upon
the
top
of
that
Rock
an
infinite
number
of
Pismires
were
to
be
seen
;
our
Virtuosi
falling
presently
to
their
Philosophy
,
and
canvasing
the
causes
of
so
unusual
a
thing
,
the
sagacious
Bocca-negra
demanded
of
a
Seaman
who
had
been
there
,
if
the
top
of
it
was
not
sandy
,
and
what
colour
the
Sand
was
of
?
The
Seaman
had
no
sooner
told
him
that
it
was
very
sandy
,
and
the
Sand
extraordinary
white
,
but
he
cryed
out
,
That
we
need
trouble
our selves
no
farther
for
a
reason
,
for
the
whiteness
of
the
Ants
:
That
ancient
History
was
much
to
blame
to
have
omitted
so
evident
an
Argument
;
and
for
our
further
conviction
he
urged
the
example
of
the
Bears
and
Foxes
which
are
white
,
in
Nova
Zembla
,
and
those
Northern
Countries
by
perpetual
reflection
of
the
Snow
;
concluding
at
last
,
that
either
quick
transpiration
of
the
little
particles
in
the
body
of
the
Insect
,
attract
by
their
activity
the
colour
of
the
Sand
;
or
else
the
colour
of
the
Sand
does
of
it self
penetrate
the
substance
of
the
Insect
,
by
means
of
the
humidity
of
the
place
.
Pecno
is
equidistant
from
the
Port
of
Istechia
,
and
the
Port
of
Prestean
,
which
last
is
built
upon
the
ruines
of
the
Ancient
Thalamae
,
a
Town
never
very
Eminent
,
but
now
most
miserably
poor
.
The
Greeks
call
it
indifferently
Prassia
or
Prestean
.
Upon
the
Coast
betwixt
Prestean
and
Bytilo
by
the
Sea
side
,
there
is
an
excellent
spring
of
fresh
water
,
very
well
known
to
the
Corsaires
.
It
was
formerly
Consecrated
to
the
Moon
;
and
not
far
from
it
was
the
Temple
of
Juno
,
remarkable
for
the
Oracles
,
which
by
way
of
dream
,
resolv'd
all
those
who
consulted
it
concerning
future
Events
:
I
know
not
whether
any
thing
of
this
Temple
be
remaining
,
as
they
assure
us
;
but
this
is
certain
,
that
in
the
Brazzo
di
Maina
there
are
the
ruines
and
reliques
of
many
Noble
and
Magnificent
Buildings
to
be
seen
,
preserv'd
as
well
by
the
valour
of
the
Inhabitants
,
as
the
barrenness
of
the
Countrey
,
which
has
taken
away
either
the
power
or
inclination
of
Forreign
Nations
to
invade
and
destroy
them
.
Nor
have
the
Turks
been
able
hitherto
to
supplant
them
.
Bytilo
is
a
large
Village
call'd
formerly
Oetilos
:
and
as
out
of
Oetilos
is
form'd
by
corruption
Bytilo
;
so
the
Italian
Pilots
have
corrupted
the
name
of
Bytilo
,
and
call'd
it
Vitoulo
.
The
Harbour
is
large
,
and
we
anchor'd
there
at
sixteen
or
eighteen
fathom
water
,
which
would
make
it
an
excellent
Port
,
were
the
bottom
accordingly
,
but
't
is
cover'd
with
great
flints
,
or
little
pebbles
that
hinder
the
anchoring
,
and
many
times
cut
the
Cables
.
The
wind
that
brings
a
Ship
out
of
this
Harbour
must
be
S.
W.
and
we
would
think
should
rather
run
it
upon
the
Shore
.
If
there
be
any
good
Swimmers
in
the
world
,
or
any
Thieves
more
famous
than
ordinary
either
at
Land
or
Sea
,
they
are
at
Bytilo
,
in
which
respect
the
Greeks
call
that
Town
the
Grand
Algier
.
Next
to
Bytilo
keeping
close
to
the
Coast
,
we
came
to
Corotta
,
a
place
little
considerable
,
either
for
Antiquity
,
or
Port
,
which
is
capable
only
of
small
Vessels
.
From
Bytilo
to
Maina
is
near
seven
hours
passage
,
and
Corotta
is
exactly
in
the
midst
.
From
Maina
to
the
point
of
Matapan
is
only
two
hours
;
and
at
the
foot
of
this
Cape
,
lies
a
small
Village
call'd
Caibares
,
where
stood
formerly
the
little
City
of
Cenepolis
call'd
otherwise
Taenarium
,
from
the
name
of
that
Promontory
;
and
thus
ends
the
Western
Coast
of
Brazzo-di-Maina
.
The
Castle
of
Maina
,
is
on
the
same
place
where
formerly
stood
the
City
of
Messa
●
not
much
known
amongst
the
Ancients
but
for
its
Neighbourhood
to
the
ruines
o●
Hyppolae
;
and
a
hollow
part
of
the
Coas●
call'd
by
them
Thyrides
or
the
Windows
▪
By
the
view
of
this
Coast
we
concluded
▪
that
Maina
is
the
same
that
Messa
was
formerly
,
and
could
easily
collect
why
it
wa●
call'd
Thyrides
;
for
observing
the
Coast
from
our
Ship
,
we
discerned
several
Grottos
cut
in
it
,
and
dispos'd
in
such
a
manner
,
that
they
look'd
like
a
continued
row
of
windows
,
and
I
will
tell
you
hereafter
how
they
are
us'd
to
that
purpose
.
There
are
three
dangerous
Rocks
at
the
mouth
of
the
Haven
of
Maina
;
besides
that
it
is
otherwise
very
bad
,
there
being
scarce
water
enough
for
a
Shallop
,
in
respect
o●
the
many
quick-sands
and
sand-banks
therein
:
The
Town
is
built
round
about
the
Port
,
but
open
every
where
towards
the
Land
,
as
all
the
Towns
of
the
Magnotti
are
,
and
indeed
it
is
generally
so
all
over
Greece
,
where
,
unless
it
be
Constantinople
▪
and
the
old
circumference
of
Andrinople
,
there
is
scarce
a
City
that
has
a
compleat
Wall
about
it
:
formerly
they
had
all
very
good
Walls
.
The
Famous
Sparta
was
the
only
Town
that
refused
them
,
as
looking
upon
the
Valour
and
Bucklers
of
her
Inhabitants
to
be
her
best
Rampart
and
Fortification
.
Our
Vessel
having
been
at
anchor
about
two
hours
,
sent
her
Shallop
with
a
white
flag
within
Canon
shot
of
the
Castle
,
which
is
the
formality
used
when
Pratique
or
Commerce
is
desired
with
a
suspected
people
:
The
Inhabitants
hung
out
likewise
a
white
flag
;
and
a
while
after
two
or
three
of
their
Barks
came
on
board
us
:
Our
Captain
had
no
mind
we
should
know
his
Negotiations
with
them
,
and
to
take
off
our
curiosity
of
going
a
Shore
,
he
endeavour'd
to
terrifie
us
with
stories
of
the
frequent
insolence
and
rudeness
of
those
people
toward
strangers
;
but
Osman
Chelibi
assured
us
the
contrary
,
though
there
were
several
affirm'd
that
he
himself
would
be
in
as
much
danger
as
any
of
us
:
However
our
own
inclinations
,
and
his
confidence
prevail'd
,
and
he
put
himself
with
us
into
one
of
the
Boats
of
the
Magnotti
:
we
landed
about
a
hundred
paces
from
some
of
the
aforesaid
Grottos
,
out
of
which
we
quickly
perceiv'd
five
or
six
lusty
Fellows
to
come
forth
,
arm'd
with
Musquetons
and
making
towards
us
,
which
gave
us
no
little
alarm
;
their
faces
were
black
as
Devils
,
but
their
clothes
or
the
same
colour
with
the
ground
,
which
they
chose
on
purpose
for
the
more
easie
circumvention
of
passengers
,
that
is
to
say
,
of
one
another
,
for
there
are
few
Travellers
to
be
seen
in
those
Quarters
.
These
Rascals
do
lye
flat
upon
their
bellies
about
fifty
paces
from
the
Rode
,
and
appearing
at
that
distance
like
so
many
little
heaps
of
rubbish
,
a
man
suspects
nothing
,
and
is
strangely
surpriz'd
to
see
them
leap
up
suddenly
,
and
come
and
catch
them
by
the
coller
.
The
Magnott
who
conducted
us
,
had
a
little
barrel
of
Brandy
in
his
hand
that
we
had
given
him
;
he
proffer'd
it
to
these
honest
Fellows
to
drink
,
who
being
much
pacified
thereby
,
each
of
them
took
two
hearty
gulps
,
and
invited
us
very
civilly
into
their
Dens
:
Osman
Chelibi
encouraged
us
to
go
along
,
but
we
durst
not
trust
him
,
and
for
more
surety
sate
our selves
down
upon
the
bank
.
At
first
I
was
receiv'd
but
coldly
with
my
Turkish
Language
,
which
at
Osman's
request
I
distributed
very
freely
among
them
:
I
thought
to
have
insinuated
mightily
thereby
,
but
they
pretended
not
to
understand
me
,
that
I
might
conceive
a
better
opinion
of
their
Religion
,
and
be
taken
with
their
contempt
of
the
Mahumetans
:
This
policy
of
theirs
made
me
believe
they
were
some
of
those
who
were
to
pass
into
Italy
;
and
when
I
asked
them
,
they
confessed
as
much
.
By
degrees
we
grew
something
better
acquainted
,
and
in
time
came
to
some
kind
of
confidence
:
We
walked
up
and
down
together
,
and
at
last
they
brought
us
some
of
their
salted
Quails
,
which
indeed
are
admirably
good
:
There
●s
no
Countrey
in
the
world
that
has
more
plenty
of
Quails
,
or
better
than
theirs
,
and
●hey
are
careful
to
salt
them
up
to
serve
●hem
the
whole
year
.
A
Papas
,
or
Greek
Priest
gave
us
Wine
of
his
own
growth
,
not
●t
all
inferiour
to
the
Wine
of
Lepanthe
,
which
at
this
day
is
the
famousest
Vineyard
●n
the
West
of
Greece
:
by
degrees
they
grew
very
communicable
,
and
inform'd
us
●eadily
of
their
Customs
.
It
is
supposed
there
may
be
about
thirty
●housand
Souls
in
the
Brazzo-di-Maina
;
●ut
as
to
their
Manners
,
never
any
people
were
represented
so
diversly
as
they
are
at
●his
day
:
Some
will
have
them
brutish
,
●erfidious
,
and
naturally
addicted
to
rob●ery
;
others
consider
them
as
the
true
Po●erity
and
remainder
of
the
Magnanimous
Greeks
,
who
prefer'd
their
Liberty
to
thei●
Lives
,
and
by
variety
of
great
actions
mad●
themselves
terrible
,
or
at
least
respected
t●
other
Nations
;
insomuch
that
their
Champions
maintain
,
that
the
violences
and
ferocity
of
the
Magnotti
is
but
the
effect
o●
their
just
indignation
to
which
they
a●●
daily
provok'd
by
their
barbarous
persecutions
both
from
the
Turks
and
the
Christia●
Corsaires
.
Be
it
how
it
will
,
of
all
the
People
in
Greece
,
there
were
none
but
the
Ep●rots
(
call'd
the
Albanians
at
this
day
)
an●
the
Magnotti
(
the
lamentable
remainder
●
the
Lacedemonians
)
that
were
able
to
be●●
up
against
the
Turks
.
The
Albanians
we●●
subdued
1466.
in
which
Year
their
R●nowned
Prince
Scanderbeg
dying
;
at
th●
dispersion
of
his
Subjects
and
Troops
,
●
good
part
of
them
retiring
to
the
Magnot●●
were
kindly
receiv'd
,
and
had
Quarte●
given
them
in
their
Caverns
and
Mou●tains
.
As
to
their
Religion
,
they
preserve
th●●
of
the
Ancient
Greeks
;
they
have
amo●●
them
many
Calogers
,
which
are
Monks
●
the
Institution
of
St.
Basil
,
and
several
th●
they
call
Papa's
or
Priests
:
But
the
oth●●
Greeks
have
so
little
esteem
of
their
Piet●●
that
when
they
speak
of
them
,
they
say
●
derision
,
If
you
would
be
a
New
Saint
,
yo●
must
go
and
live
among
the
Magnotti
.
They
have
a
particular
Veneration
for
the
Virgin
Mary
,
for
St.
George
,
and
for
St.
Demetrius
,
who
is
the
Protector
of
Greece
.
Upon
the
top
of
their
Mountains
they
have
a
multitude
of
little
Chappels
dedicated
to
the
Prophet
Elias
,
whom
they
account
the
first
person
that
imbrac'd
a
Monastick
Life
.
The
whole
Coast
is
full
of
Grottos
cut
in
●he
Rock
,
which
are
used
as
Cells
or
Hermitages
for
their
Calogers
,
who
are
as
so
many
Sentinels
to
discover
the
Ships
at
Sea
,
and
when
any
appear
,
they
repair
immediately
to
the
Town
to
give
Alarm
to
the
Governour
,
and
prepare
the
people
either
for
their
Defence
or
Prize
:
This
is
the
use
that
is
made
of
the
Thyrides
or
Windows
that
we
have
mentioned
before
.
The
Calogers
in
the
other
parts
of
Greece
by
the
Rules
of
their
Institution
,
have
the
priviledge
of
Commerce
,
and
may
trade
for
Wines
,
Fruit
,
Honey
,
Oyles
,
and
in
general
,
for
all
the
effects
of
their
own
industry
and
labour
:
But
the
Calogers
of
the
Brazzo-di-Maina
go
farther
,
and
have
liberty
of
Piracy
,
and
in
excuse
of
their
hostilities
,
they
pretend
slily
when
they
go
to
Sea
,
that
they
go
only
to
secure
the
tenths
of
the
Prize
in
behalf
of
the
Church
;
whereas
in
truth
there
is
nothing
excites
them
so
much
as
the
desire
of
plunder
;
and
when
they
meet
with
any
Prize
,
they
need
no●
speak
twice
to
bid
them
lay
them
aboard
▪
and
yet
there
are
among
them
very
Piou●
Men
,
and
strict
in
their
Lives
.
The
Greek
that
is
vulgarly
spoken
among
the
Magnotti
,
is
the
most
corrupt
of
al●
other
;
for
having
a
constant
Trade
by
reason
of
the
Commodities
which
they
take
by
Piracy
;
and
Trafficking
one
day
with
on●
Nation
,
and
another
day
with
another●
they
are
much
accustom'd
to
the
Languag●
which
they
call
the
Franck
;
an
ill
favour'd
kind
of
Italian
that
makes
use
of
the
Infinitive
of
every
Verb
,
to
express
all
the
Tenses
and
Moods
of
every
Conjugation
;
and
yet
for
all
that
lame
and
imperfect
way
,
i●
understood
and
spoke
in
most
parts
of
the
Levant
.
The
greatest
Trade
of
the
Magnotti
is
slaves
:
They
take
all
the
Prisoner
they
can
catch
,
both
Christians
and
Turks
●
the
Turks
they
sell
to
the
Christians
,
an●
the
Christians
to
the
Turks
.
They
are
so
far
from
concealing
,
or
being
asham'd
of
their
Piracies
,
that
they
boas●
of
them
,
and
take
delight
in
giving
a
Relation
.
I
found
by
their
vanity
in
thos●
descriptions
that
they
were
true
Greeks
●
and
had
learn'd
of
their
Ancestors
the
A●●
of
flourishing
and
embellishing
their
Exploits
:
They
carried
me
to
one
of
their
Grand
Corsaires
,
and
shew
him
as
a
person
who
had
done
strange
things
above
the
ordinary
rate
.
When
in
the
Countrey
it
was
known
that
he
was
preparing
to
go
to
Sea
,
the
Alarm
was
generally
taken
,
the
Parents
that
had
handsom
Children
,
and
the
Husbands
that
had
handsom
Wifes
lock'd
them
up
carefully
for
fear
this
good
Gentleman
should
spirit
them
,
and
sell
them
into
other
Countries
:
they
are
in
the
same
apprehension
when
any
strange
Vessel
comes
in
;
for
if
any
of
the
Magnot
Corsaires
has
a
quarrel
to
any
of
his
Neighbours
,
their
Wives
or
Children
pay
for
it
,
and
are
stolen
the
next
opportunity
.
When
I
was
a
slave
at
Birette
,
I
had
for
my
Comrade
a
young
Greek
who
had
been
sold
by
the
Magnotti
;
he
was
only
Son
and
Heir
to
the
best
Family
in
Modon
,
which
is
a
considerable
Town
in
Morea
.
A
rich
Turk
in
that
City
,
famous
for
oppressing
the
Christians
,
had
an
itching
after
the
young
Mans
Estate
,
and
not
finding
a
cleaverer
way
,
he
contracted
with
the
Magnotti
,
who
took
their
opportunity
,
whipp'd
him
away
,
and
sold
him
to
a
Vessel
belonging
to
Bizerti
.
Not
many
dayes
before
we
came
to
an
anchor
in
the
Road
of
Maina
,
there
happen'd
a
pleasant
accident
in
the
Cabans
betwixt
Maina
and
Bytilo
:
Two
of
the
Magnotts
,
one
of
them
call'd
Theodoro
,
the
other
Anapliottis
(
both
great
Corsaires
,
both
married
,
and
formerly
great
friends
)
falling
out
about
the
division
of
a
Barque
which
they
had
taken
from
the
Venetian
,
and
pillaged
;
in
revenge
,
unknown
to
one
another
,
at
the
same
time
they
enter'd
upon
a
design
of
stealing
one
anothers
Wives
;
and
it
succeeded
on
both
sides
:
They
knew
there
was
in
the
Road
at
the
same
time
a
Corsaire
of
Malta
:
Theodoro
got
the
Wife
of
Anapliottis
,
and
away
he
went
with
her
to
the
Ship
,
but
could
by
no
means
come
to
an
agreement
with
the
Corsaire
about
the
Prize
;
for
having
viewed
and
considered
her
well
,
the
Corsaire
refused
to
give
what
he
demanded
,
and
told
him
,
it
was
not
two
hours
since
he
had
bought
another
much
handsomer
for
half
the
money
;
and
that
Theodoro
might
be
satisfied
he
spake
truth
,
he
commanded
her
to
be
brought
up
;
She
was
produc'd
,
and
Theodoro
found
it
was
his
own
Wife
,
and
that
Anapliottis
had
been
before-hand
with
him
;
He
was
strangely
surprized
,
yet
thought
not
so
much
of
rescuing
his
own
Wife
,
as
pressing
the
Maltese
to
take
the
other
at
his
own
rate
;
that
when
the
whole
story
came
out
,
(
as
one
day
it
was
likely
it
would
)
it
might
be
known
that
both
the
good
Women
were
sold
at
the
discretion
of
the
Pirate
,
and
that
he
might
not
be
alone
the
perpetual
subject
of
mockery
and
disgrace
:
But
Anapliottis
missing
his
Consort
,
and
understanding
her
condition
,
armed
out
a
Shallop
(
and
Theodoro
in
spight
of
the
quarrel
joining
with
him
)
they
made
up
to
him
,
and
so
hectored
the
poor
Pirate
,
that
he
was
forced
to
deliver
them
,
or
otherwise
he
must
have
ruined
the
rest
of
his
Affairs
in
that
Country
.
The
Husbands
,
by
interposition
of
their
friends
,
were
so
perfectly
reconciled
,
that
two
days
after
they
were
Cruising
again
together
in
the
same
Vessel
,
and
looking
for
Prize
:
They
might
have
been
Divorced
from
their
Wives
if
they
had
desired
it
;
for
nothing
is
more
common
among
the
Greeks
;
but
they
were
both
good
natured
and
took
them
again
.
Not
far
from
Maina
we
were
carried
into
a
long
Cabin
,
in
which
there
were
two
large
Rooms
hung
with
Cloaths
,
one
side
a
la
Turque
,
the
other
a
la
Françcois
;
here
hung
the
Turbans
,
there
the
Calpas
or
Greek
Bonnets
;
here
the
Sabers
,
there
our
Couteaux
or
short
Swords
;
here
our
Shoes
,
and
there
the
Turkish
Chippins
.
This
Wardrobe
was
the
Spoils
and
Trophies
of
many
victories
at
Sea
,
where
sparing
no
body
,
they
make
all
Fish
that
comes
into
their
Net
.
They
offered
us
very
good
peny-worths
,
and
a
young
Piemontois
of
our
company
,
called
Bertaldi
,
bought
a
very
fair
Vest
that
had
been
taken
from
a
Greek
Merchant
of
the
Isle
of
Engia
,
which
is
an
Island
not
far
from
Athens
:
For
my
part
I
had
not
the
courage
that
Bertaldi
had
;
Cloths
that
are
gained
in
that
unjustifiable
manner
,
are
many
times
owned
,
and
great
mischiefs
do
fall
out
to
the
buyers
.
The
Turks
are
every
day
sensible
of
the
Cunning
and
Courage
of
the
Magnotti
,
seeing
their
Vessels
with
Officers
and
Provisions
for
their
Camp
before
Candy
,
many
times
intercepted
by
them
.
The
Turks
,
however
provoked
,
durst
never
formally
invade
them
,
or
ingage
their
Troops
in
those
hideous
Mountains
:
instead
of
downright
attacks
,
they
have
thought
it
more
prudent
to
debauch
some
of
the
most
mutinous
of
the
people
,
and
make
a
Faction
among
them
.
The
Grand
Visier
has
recieved
and
swallowed
a
thousand
insolencies
from
them
,
which
they
did
to
revenge
the
death
of
ten
or
twelve
of
their
Corsairs
taken
in
the
year
1667.
and
impaled
in
Candy
by
his
order
.
They
have
come
often
in
the
night
and
burned
his
Ships
under
the
very
Canon
at
Canea
,
and
got
off
without
much
difficulty
;
for
their
Vessels
are
nimble
sailers
,
draw
but
little
water
,
and
will
run
any
where
,
where
another
will
strike
.
To
pacifie
them
,
and
furnish
himself
the
better
,
the
Grand
Visier
offered
them
double
the
price
for
all
Provisions
they
will
bring
in
;
but
his
proposition
being
rejected
,
he
sent
a
Squadron
to
infest
their
Coast
under
the
Command
of
Ássam
Baba
the
famous
Corsair
and
best
Seaman
the
Turks
have
;
and
indeed
the
very
man
,
who
having
committed
so
many
insufferable
Violences
upon
several
French
Vessels
,
gave
just
occasion
for
the
Complaints
which
our
Ambassadors
made
against
him
,
and
was
a
great
cause
of
the
jealousies
betwixt
the
two
Crowns
.
Assam
Baba
having
appeared
with
his
Squadron
of
four
Ships
before
Maina
,
hung
out
his
White
Flag
;
promised
an
amnesty
,
and
proposed
to
them
to
send
Commissioners
to
Treat
with
him
.
They
suspected
it
was
but
a
design
,
and
those
of
the
Magnotti
who
were
most
disposed
for
Mutiny
,
replyed
only
with
their
Muskets
and
long
Guns
,
of
which
they
have
great
store
.
The
Alarm
was
taken
all
over
the
Country
,
and
they
sent
in
great
confusion
to
raise
the
third
man
quite
thorow
that
Canton
,
appointing
several
Rendezvouses
at
Sytrè
and
Adrabysta
,
two
of
their
principal
Villages
:
In
the
mean
time
the
Inhabitants
of
Maina
carried
all
the
best
of
their
Goods
to
the
top
of
their
Rocks
.
It
was
a
spectacle
of
strange
confusion
to
see
them
haling
their
Wives
and
Children
along
those
terrible
Precipices
;
and
the
Old
and
the
Lame
limping
along
,
with
each
of
them
a
great
bundle
at
their
backs
,
and
driving
before
them
their
Flocks
of
Goats
,
which
is
the
chief
wealth
of
that
Country
.
But
the
Women
came
back
,
and
were
present
at
the
defence
of
their
Shore
,
and
by
an
accident
that
I
cannot
omit
.
It
hapned
that
a
young
man
in
the
middle
of
their
March
,
overtaking
one
of
the
Women
who
had
a
Child
of
three
days
old
at
her
breast
,
told
her
that
her
Husband
had
sent
him
after
her
to
enquire
where
she
had
laid
his
Sword
and
Fuzil
in
the
hurry
.
Tell
him
(
replied
the
woman
in
a
passion
)
that
he
come
and
look
to
my
Goats
,
and
my
Child
,
and
I
will
fetch
his
Arms
and
use
them
better
than
he
;
and
thereupon
having
put
her
Child
into
the
arms
of
an
old
woman
that
was
next
her
,
she
took
her
course
directly
to
the
Shore
,
and
gave
an
Example
to
all
the
rest
,
who
following
her
unanimously
,
came
and
put
themselves
at
the
head
of
their
Militia
that
was
already
arrived
at
Adrabysta
,
and
Syrtè
;
it
fell
out
to
be
at
the
same
time
as
Assam-Baba
was
sending
his
Shallops
on
shore
with
Armed
Men
to
repel
them
;
but
the
cries
and
comminations
which
these
women
sent
up
to
Heaven
;
and
the
marks
of
courage
and
undauntedness
which
she
showed
,
did
exceedingly
incourage
the
Magnotti
,
and
made
Assam-Baba
unwilling
to
hazard
a
descent
.
The
Woman
who
animated
them
in
that
manner
was
of
the
House
of
Giracaris
,
which
was
the
most
ancient
and
most
considerable
Family
in
that
Quarter
.
The
next
night
ten
or
twelve
of
the
Magnotti
swam
secretly
to
the
Turkish
Ships
,
and
cut
their
Cables
in
such
manner
,
that
being
dashed
together
by
the
agitation
of
the
Sea
,
they
fell
foul
upon
one
another
;
were
driven
violently
upon
the
shore
,
and
several
of
their
Men
taken
Prisoner
,
where
they
were
plundered
in
sight
of
the
two
other
Ships
,
which
,
by
reason
of
the
shallowness
of
the
Water
durst
not
attempt
to
relieve
them
.
This
way
of
infesting
of
Ships
is
ordinary
among
the
Magnotti
,
who
are
excellent
Swimmers
.
The
Vessel
where
Assam-Baba
was
in
person
was
saved
;
yet
this
advantage
obtained
against
a
man
that
was
the
very
Soul
of
the
Turkish
Fleet
,
gave
the
Magnotti
such
incouragement
that
they
took
the
confidence
to
intrench
themselves
regularly
at
Cerifo
,
Maina
,
Collocythia
,
Cardamile
,
and
Sytrè
;
for
till
that
time
their
Mountains
were
their
refuge
upon
all
occasions
.
The
Grand
Visier
,
who
did
not
think
this
an
Enterprize
worthy
of
his
Force
,
betook
himself
to
an
Artifice
:
He
had
certain
of
the
Magnotti
Prisoners
,
and
among
the
rest
one
Lybiracis
a
considerable
Person
in
his
own
Country
.
He
found
out
a
way
to
seduce
them
,
and
having
discharged
them
,
after
he
had
loaden
them
with
money
and
private
instruction
,
they
undertook
their
design
,
and
by
their
practises
,
with
their
acquaintance
in
the
Brazzo
,
brought
it
about
,
that
the
greatest
parts
of
the
Inhabitants
being
frighted
or
corrupted
,
consented
that
the
Grand
Visier
should
build
a
Cittadel
at
Porto-Caglie
,
and
another
at
Bytilo
,
under
pretence
of
securing
the
liberty
of
Trade
;
for
at
first
they
were
unwilling
to
alarm
them
with
the
name
of
Dominion
.
When
the
two
Cittadels
were
defensible
,
the
persons
whom
the
Turk
had
debauched
,
seized
of
all
such
as
they
thought
capable
of
opposing
their
Treason
,
and
hung
up
five
or
six
of
the
most
active
among
them
.
In
this
the
Turks
gave
great
evidence
of
their
cunning
;
nothing
appeared
to
be
done
by
their
order
;
great
formality
was
used
in
forming
the
process
against
those
poor
Creatures
,
who
were
condemned
(
forsooth
)
as
disturbers
of
the
publick
repose
;
and
Execution
done
in
the
name
,
and
by
the
authority
of
the
whole
body
of
the
Magnotti
.
But
their
Eyes
being
opened
at
last
,
in
spight
of
their
subtilty
,
there
grew
to
be
two
Factions
among
them
,
one
of
the
Giracaris
,
the
other
of
the
Lybiracis
;
and
this
at
present
is
the
great
object
of
the
Turkish
designs
,
who
would
fain
reduce
this
people
to
a
condition
of
destroying
themselves
,
without
any
Force
or
Invasion
from
them
.
The
Posts
which
the
Turks
have
fortified
in
the
Brazzo
,
are
each
of
them
secured
by
an
Aga
,
with
a
certain
number
of
Janizaries
under
his
Command
.
But
this
new
servitude
growing
insupportable
to
the
Magnotti
,
they
have
had
thoughts
of
transplanting
into
Italy
;
and
that
inclination
is
increased
as
oft
as
they
see
those
Cittadels
,
which
they
look
upon
as
the
first
step
to
their
slavery
:
However
,
they
are
as
yet
irresolute
,
and
who
can
admire
it
in
an
affair
of
so
tender
an
importance
?
'T
is
probable
the
success
at
Candia
will
settle
their
minds
,
and
what
that
will
be
,
God
only
knows
;
If
it
be
fatal
to
the
Turks
,
they
will
not
venture
to
attack
them
,
but
seem
to
disown
the
Mutineers
who
will
doubtless
be
supported
by
the
Venetian
.
If
the
Grand
Visier
takes
the
Town
,
his
Victory
there
wil●
draw
on
the
subversion
of
the
Republick
o●
the
Magnotts
,
either
by
means
of
the
Consternation
it
will
cause
among
them
,
or
o●
the
Effort
the
Turks
will
be
constrained
to
make
,
that
they
may
leave
nothing
in
all
Greece
considerable
enough
to
give
them
apprehension
.
The
Creatures
which
the
Grand
Visier
imployed
among
the
Magnotti
,
were
every
day
insinuating
into
the
people
,
and
especially
the
Papas
,
and
Cologers
,
that
the
Turks
would
allow
them
their
Churches
and
Crosses
upon
their
Steeples
,
and
publick
Market
places
,
a
priviledge
of
which
the
Greeks
are
generally
very
fond
;
and
all
those
who
are
dependent
of
the
Turk
,
have
often
endeavoured
to
purchase
at
no
inconsiderable
rate
.
They
do
likewise
promise
the
Magnotti
exemption
from
the
Tax
upon
Children
,
and
that
they
shall
pay
but
one
half
of
the
duty
exacted
in
Morea
,
where
every
Male
pays
two
Crowns
a
head
.
At
Constantinople
the
Males
pay
three
Crowns
.
On
the
Terra
firma
the
Women
pay
nothing
,
but
in
the
Isles
of
the
Archipelago
Men
and
Women
pay
equally
two
Crowns
a
piece
;
and
all
this
without
diminution
of
their
other
Taxes
,
of
which
I
shall
speak
elsewhere
;
all
which
were
to
be
excused
to
the
Magnotti
:
and
to
inveigle
them
yet
farther
,
they
assured
them
that
no
Turk
shall
ever
be
permitted
to
live
in
their
Country
,
but
such
Janizaries
as
will
be
necessary
for
the
Garrisoning
their
Forts
.
These
fair
promises
are
the
more
plausible
,
having
the
reputation
of
the
Grand
Visiers
word
to
secure
them
,
who
passes
among
them
as
a
Man
of
great
Sincerity
and
Honour
;
on
which
score
they
cease
not
to
cry
up
his
rare
Qualities
to
the
skies
,
who
in
our
dayes
has
found
out
a
way
(
as
the
Turks
themseves
say
)
of
distinguishing
himself
with
advantage
from
the
Greatest
and
Most
Heroick
Persons
of
their
Nation
:
He
has
as
they
say
,
the
infallibility
of
Conquering
,
with
a
peculiar
Gift
of
keeping
his
Parole
.
Nevertheless
among
the
Magnotti
this
reputation
has
no
great
influence
upon
such
as
have
an
aversion
to
the
Turks
,
who
to
support
those
that
are
tottering
,
do
as
often
inculcate
the
resolution
of
the
Turks
,
to
allow
them
but
one
Church
in
a
Town
,
which
is
a
menace
that
makes
them
commonly
tremble
.
In
a
word
,
the
most
prudent
and
best
disposed
of
the
Magnotti
do
intend
to
transplant
,
rather
than
be
subject
to
the
Tyranny
of
the
Turks
;
and
accordingly
they
have
sent
to
the
Pope
to
beg
admission
into
the
Patrimony
of
the
Church
;
and
to
the
Great
Duke
into
Tuscany
;
but
having
been
denied
by
both
,
they
Addressed
to
the
Republick
of
Genoa
,
which
State
reflecting
upon
the
brutishness
of
the
Inhabitants
of
Corsica
,
was
the
more
inclinable
to
gratifie
them
,
upon
consideration
that
the
barbarity
of
the
Magnotti
must
be
very
great
,
if
it
out-did
the
rudeness
of
the
Corsicans
:
This
is
most
certain
,
if
the
late
Treaty
succeeds
,
never
Nations
will
be
better
matched
;
their
intermarriages
must
needs
produce
Children
which
will
be
so
many
Master-pieces
of
ferocity
;
for
,
which
of
the
Corsicans
is
it
,
that
having
the
least
quarrel
with
another
,
begins
not
his
declaration
of
hostility
with
a
stab
?
and
if
he
misseth
,
his
Adversary
will
be
sure
of
him
;
so
natural
to
them
is
the
spirit
of
revenge
:
Some
of
these
Corsicans
have
been
known
upon
an
injury
received
to
lye
hid
a
fortnight
together
in
the
bushes
,
contenting
themselves
to
brouze
all
that
while
upon
Raisins
,
so
they
did
but
prosper
in
their
ambush
.
This
then
is
the
present
condition
of
the
last
Common-wealth
among
the
Greeks
,
and
if
you
will
have
the
truth
,
the
matter
is
not
great
;
for
were
it
not
in
so
much
danger
of
the
Turk
as
it
is
at
this
time
,
it
would
be
always
within
two
fingers
breadth
of
destruction
,
by
animosities
among
themselves
,
and
the
small
reputation
they
have
among
strangers
,
who
having
no
alliances
with
them
,
have
no
obligation
of
interest
to
relieve
them
,
unless
upon
some
pressing
necessity
,
as
there
lies
now
upon
the
Venetians
.
On
the
seventh
of
April
our
Astronomer
Bianchi
took
the
height
of
the
Pole
at
Maina
,
and
made
use
of
all
possible
precaution
to
reduce
its
Meridian
to
the
Meridian
of
Vranisburgh
,
establishing
their
difference
of
54
minutes
of
time
;
for
he
Calculated
the
place
of
the
Sun
,
by
the
Radical
Tables
of
Kepler
:
He
found
the
Pole
Elevated
●4
degrees
and
25
minutes
.
You
know
very
well
,
that
in
the
Mediterranean
,
the
Elevation
of
the
Pole
is
never
taken
but
in
curiosity
.
Those
practises
are
used
only
in
●ong
Voyages
.
But
in
the
Levant-Seas
,
be●ng
almost
continually
in
sight
of
Land
they
●ectifie
their
Course
by
the
prospect
of
the
Coasts
;
and
when
by
foul
weather
,
or
the
●owness
of
the
shore
they
are
not
visible
,
●hey
take
advice
of
their
Pilots
,
and
point
●heir
Chart
accordingly
;
so
by
their
Com●ass
they
guess
probably
of
the
course
of
●heir
Ship
,
and
by
their
judgement
and
experience
they
pronounce
of
the
place
whe●
they
think
they
are
arriv'd
,
but
many
tim●
they
are
guilty
of
very
foul
mistakes
.
O●
Bianchi
would
needs
make
experiment
like
wise
about
the
variation
of
the
Needle
,
an●
was
amaz'd
at
the
Opinion
of
several
Pilot●
who
maintained
,
that
at
the
Point
of
M●rea
the
Needle
would
not
vary
at
all
:
H●
tryed
the
Experiment
two
or
three
seven
wayes
,
and
found
by
all
of
them
,
that
●
declin'd
two
degrees
fifteen
minutes
fro●
North
to
N.
W.
The
seventh
of
April
in
the
Evening
w●
had
scarce
got
on
Board
,
before
our
Bo●●
was
furiously
tossed
,
and
for
three
hou●●
together
suffered
great
agitation
by
th●
strong
current
of
waters
that
is
frequent
i●
all
the
Western
Coast
of
Greece
:
The
w●ters
do
run
naturally
towards
the
shore
,
an●
when
their
violence
is
opposed
by
th●
winds
from
the
shore
,
the
Ships
are
alwa●●
tossed
as
ours
was
at
that
time
by
a
stron●
N.
N.
W.
wind
which
blows
constant●
from
Land
:
But
the
Sea
was
nothing
●
rough
in
that
Quarter
,
as
I
observ'd
it
tw●
years
since
upon
the
Coast
of
Natolia
:
●
was
then
in
a
Galley
of
Bizerte
passing
fro●
the
Isle
of
Cyprus
to
Rhodes
,
where
o●
Slaves
had
opportunity
to
exercise
the●
Arms
,
and
show
their
dexterity
at
the
Oa●
against
the
impetuosity
of
the
current
from
the
Gulf
of
Satalia
,
which
reaches
from
Cape
Sardeni
upon
the
Terra
firma
to
Cape
Saint
Epiphano
at
the
Western
Point
of
Cyprus
.
I
hope
in
the
continuation
of
my
Voyage
,
I
shall
have
occasion
to
observe
the
Currents
which
come
down
the
Channel
from
the
Black
Sea
to
the
Mer-de-Marmora
,
and
from
thence
into
the
Archipelago
by
the
mouth
of
the
Dardenelles
;
then
I
shall
be
able
to
give
you
an
account
of
them
;
but
for
those
upon
the
Coasts
of
Maina
,
and
in
the
Gulf
of
Satalia
I
can
assure
you
by
my
own
observation
,
and
the
report
of
the
best
Pilots
in
the
Countrey
,
that
they
have
three
different
sorts
of
Motion
conformable
to
the
nature
of
the
Tydes
in
the
Ocean
,
which
have
their
dead
waters
,
and
their
quick
waters
in
three
several
fashions
,
yet
all
those
motions
equally
proceeding
from
the
impression
of
the
rays
of
the
Moon
upon
the
mass
of
the
waters
.
These
Currents
therefore
have
a
peculiar
Motion
every
day
,
for
their
force
redoubles
according
to
the
propinquity
of
the
Moon
to
the
Meridian
,
and
relaxes
when
She
is
farther
off
.
They
have
a
Motion
likewise
for
every
month
which
increases
towards
the
New
or
Full
Moons
,
and
towards
the
first
and
last
Quarter
;
and
the
third
Motion
(
which
is
the
most
impetuou●
of
all
)
is
a
sort
of
Motion
that
happen●
eight
times
a
Year
,
that
is
to
say
,
in
the
New
and
Full
Moons
,
at
the
two
Aequinoxes
,
and
the
two
Solstices
.
Not
having
had
a
Full
Moon
of
twenty
dayes
near
the
Vernal
Aequinox
,
I
was
curious
to
enquire
of
the
Seamen
at
Maina
how
the
force
o●
the
Current
had
been
there
during
that
time
,
and
they
assured
me
,
that
for
two
dayes
together
,
(
viz.
)
the
19.
and
20.
o●
March
the
waters
came
down
upon
the
Coast
with
more
than
ordinary
violence
,
and
they
shew
me
a
place
in
the
Banks
where
the
water
had
got
in
,
and
transgrest
its
old
limits
above
a
Musket
shot
,
and
this
without
any
wind
either
to
assist
or
oppose
it
,
for
commonly
the
wind
contributes
much
either
one
way
or
other
.
Our
Captains
private
Affairs
being
dispatch'd
,
and
the
Magnotts
having
nothing
farther
wherewith
to
detain
us
;
we
weighed
Anchor
the
seventh
of
April
in
the
Evening
,
the
Sea
being
something
calmer
,
and
took
our
leaves
of
this
rude
kind
of
People
.
Having
left
the
Old
Castle
de
Maina
to
the
Eastward
,
to
gain
the
Wind
and
double
the
Cape
of
Metapan
,
we
were
forced
to
stand
out
to
Sea
,
and
fetch
a
greater
Compass
with
our
Ship
:
As
we
were
steering
to
the
South
to
avoid
the
dangerous
Rock
of
Renesta
(
which
lies
about
a
good
League
from
the
shore
)
we
heard
a
great
thundering
of
Canon
that
way
towards
which
we
were
sailing
:
The
Soldier
that
was
Sentinell
upon
the
Scuttle
could
see
nothing
by
reason
of
the
height
of
the
Coasts
,
but
we
,
having
no
maw
to
ingage
in
other
mens
quarrels
,
declin'd
them
,
slackning
our
sails
because
we
would
not
straggle
too
far
from
the
place
where
we
were
:
But
the
noise
of
the
Guns
ceasing
,
we
sail'd
on
to
the
Eastward
,
and
doubled
the
Cape
that
was
formerly
so
Famous
for
the
adventure
of
Arion
,
to
whom
we
are
obliged
for
our
Consorts
in
Musick
,
he
being
the
first
who
taught
us
to
sing
in
Parts
.
The
story
how
the
Dolphin
preserv'd
him
when
he
was
Ship-wrack'd
not
far
from
Tenara
,
is
too
well
known
to
be
troublesome
to
you
here
.
The
Mountains
of
this
Cape
,
and
generally
all
of
them
that
inclose
the
Brazzo-di-Maina
had
their
tops
cover'd
over
with
Snow
,
but
at
the
foot
of
them
great
Herds
of
Cattle
and
Goats
.
The
Skie
was
full
of
Crows
,
and
they
came
so
near
us
,
that
we
were
sufficiently
molested
with
their
noise
.
It
is
not
imaginable
what
abundance
they
have
of
Deer
,
wild
Boars
and
Bears
.
Not
far
off
,
we
saw
a
vast
number
of
Sea-hogs
,
or
(
if
you
will
have
them
under
a
better
title
)
Dolphins
following
our
Ship
,
and
rang'd
,
according
to
their
custom
,
two
and
two
,
a
Male
and
a
Female
,
and
the
Male
always
behind
:
They
did
not
swim
quietly
as
other
fishes
do
,
but
were
still
leaping
up
and
falling
down
again
into
the
waters
,
which
our
Seamen
interpreted
an
infallible
prognostick
of
ill
weather
.
I
never
saw
so
many
Dolphins
as
in
that
place
,
more
camus'd
,
nor
flatter
heads
,
which
is
the
beauty
of
that
sort
of
fish
:
It
was
easie
to
distinguish
which
of
them
were
most
handsom
;
several
of
them
had
long
heads
which
were
not
so
comely
,
but
all
of
them
threw
up
their
noses
into
the
air
,
and
gave
us
ou●
choice
.
Our
Seamen
would
needs
have
it
,
that
they
threw
up
their
heads
in
that
manner
,
the
better
to
hear
the
word
Simon
●
which
they
roar'd
out
as
loud
as
they
could
call
,
supposing
they
follow'd
them
thereby
:
For
my
part
,
I
think
they
did
it
for
more
convenient
respiration
;
for
the
Dolphin
is
a
foggy
fish
,
and
almost
stifled
if
i●
lies
long
under
water
without
air
.
I
wil●
not
meddle
with
the
secret
sympathie
whic●
renders
this
fish
naturally
kind
to
Man
,
and
tames
it
so
easily
to
our
hand
:
Such
Problems
as
these
,
are
the
rocks
of
Reason
,
upon
which
the
curious
do
too
frequently
split
.
Our
Virtuosi
(
being
full
of
their
Learned
Ideas
,
and
lying
as
it
were
at
catch
for
any
thing
that
might
give
new
light
to
their
old
Notions
)
proposed
to
themselves
an
Experiment
about
these
Dolphins
;
they
resolved
to
take
two
or
three
of
them
with
their
harping-irons
;
(
and
if
they
took
one
they
might
take
a
hundred
,
their
amity
one
for
another
,
not
suffering
them
to
part
)
the
design
was
to
dissect
a
Female
,
and
examine
the
form
of
her
belly
,
her
breast
,
the
situation
of
her
Aspera
arteria
,
and
the
communication
betwixt
her
lungs
and
her
nostril
;
that
if
possible
we
might
find
out
whether
in
the
structure
and
fabrick
of
this
fish
,
there
might
not
be
some
secret
analogie
with
the
Inwards
of
a
man
,
to
which
(
for
want
of
better
reason
)
we
might
ascribe
their
kindness
,
and
strange
inclination
to
our
Sex
:
But
we
discover'd
that
the
inclination
of
Man
was
more
powerful
to
them
;
for
the
Italian
Marriners
would
not
endure
that
we
should
do
them
any
mischief
,
calling
them
the
Companions
of
their
Voyage
,
and
the
faithful
Sentinels
,
who
by
their
leaping
and
playing
upon
the
Waters
,
do
give
them
constant
notice
of
any
tempest
approaching
;
and
by
this
means
our
Experiment
was
lost
.
But
the
sight
of
Tenara
gave
us
another
contemplation
.
The
passage
into
Hell
(
if
you
will
believe
the
Antients
)
is
there
,
and
Cerberus
tyed
there
by
Proserpine
to
guard
it
.
This
is
certain
,
on
the
middle
of
the
Mountain
there
is
a
dismal
hole
to
be
seen
,
that
was
formerly
consecrated
to
Neptune
:
the
entrance
is
so
horrid
,
and
the
depth
so
immense
,
that
it
gave
occasion
to
that
opinion
that
it
went
down
into
Hell
:
That
it
was
by
that
Hercules
descended
,
Hector'd
Pluto
in
the
midst
of
his
Estates
,
and
in
defiance
of
him
,
brought
away
his
Three-headed
Dog
.
'T
is
the
common
opinion
at
this
day
,
quite
through
the
Brazzo
di
Maina
,
that
by
this
hole
the
Devil
comes
out
a
hunting
every
day
in
the
shape
of
a
Hound
.
In
this
Mountain
Tenara
there
was
found
formerly
good
Crystal
of
the
Rock
,
several
sorts
of
Metals
,
and
some
Precious
Stones
;
The
Greeks
say
the
Veins
are
as
fruitful
as
ever
,
but
that
the
Inhabitants
conceal
it
,
for
fear
it
should
invite
the
Turks
,
and
bring
them
sooner
into
their
Country
.
At
the
foot
of
Cape
Matapan
towards
the
N.
N.
E.
the
old
Castle
is
to
be
seen
;
from
this
Castle
the
Coast
runs
two
Leagues
N.E.
as
far
as
the
Port
of
Colocythia
,
called
anciently
the
Port
of
Achilles
:
There
the
anchoring
is
good
,
but
not
so
good
as
at
Porto-Caglie
,
a
Haven
about
seven
Leagues
distance
from
the
Cape
.
To
enter
into
the
Harbour
at
Porto-Caglie
we
kept
to
the
Southward
Coast
,
where
we
found
sixteen
Fathom
water
:
Towards
the
North
,
within
Pistol-shot
of
the
Shore
,
great
care
is
to
be
had
of
a
Rock
,
which
is
the
more
dangerous
because
it
lies
almost
just
level
with
the
water
.
Our
Anchorage
here
is
in
danger
of
nothing
but
a
South-East
wind
;
The
Town
is
large
,
(
and
in
it
one
of
the
best
Fountains
in
the
world
)
it
was
called
in
former
days
Teuthrone
,
and
was
once
a
Colony
of
Athenians
.
Here
it
is
that
the
Sea
makes
a
great
Arch
in
the
Shore
,
to
form
the
Gulf
of
Colochina
,
heretofore
called
the
Gulf
of
Laconia
.
In
this
manner
our
Vessel
sailed
on
to
the
Southward
of
Saint
Angelo
,
where
we
were
to
double
the
Point
.
On
the
Shore
from
Porto-Caglie
,
towards
the
North
,
we
found
the
place
which
was
called
in
former
times
the
Temple
of
Jupiter
,
and
two
large
Rivers
,
where
the
Barks
did
frequently
supply
themselves
with
fresh
water
.
The
River
that
lies
Northward
of
the
other
,
retains
still
the
quality
of
its
water
,
which
passed
among
the
Ancients
for
the
most
pure
and
delicate
,
and
least
subject
to
corruption
in
all
Greece
.
The
Inhabitants
call
it
only
Potamo
,
which
signifies
a
River
;
but
Pyrrhus
called
it
Scyras
,
from
the
name
of
the
Island
Scyros
,
where
he
Imbarqued
when
he
came
into
this
Country
to
his
Nuptials
with
Hermione
.
Beyond
the
River
,
the
Coast
runs
into
a
Point
,
upon
which
stands
the
Town
of
Pagana
,
which
name
though
it
be
the
most
commonly
given
,
it
is
called
likewise
Pago
,
Gade
Pagou
,
or
to
pronounce
it
more
justly
,
Cape
de
Pago
;
the
Ancients
called
it
the
Promontory
of
Diana
Dictynna
,
and
the
Town
is
built
of
the
ruines
of
the
old
City
Las
;
its
scituation
is
easily
known
by
three
Mountains
,
Hama
,
Ilion
,
and
Cuacadion
▪
formerly
famous
for
the
Trophies
erected
there
after
the
Macedonian
defeat
;
as
likewise
for
the
Temples
which
Castor
and
Pollux
built
in
that
place
,
at
their
return
from
the
Conquest
of
the
Fleece
.
About
half
a
League
S.W.
from
Pagana
,
is
the
little
Island
called
Spatara
,
and
three
Leagues
E.
N.
E.
o●
Spatara
lies
the
City
of
Colochina
,
upon
the
firm
land
near
the
mouth
of
the
famous
River
Eurothas
,
which
passes
by
Mysithre
o●
Lacedaemon
,
as
you
please
.
On
the
eighth
of
April
in
the
morning
▪
as
we
were
within
sight
of
Pagana
,
the
win●
began
to
rise
,
and
increased
so
fast
,
tha●
we
grew
fearful
of
a
Storm
.
It
drove
us
near
enough
the
Shore
to
discover
the
large
and
long
Reeds
which
grow
in
the
mouth
of
the
Eurotas
,
and
they
put
us
in
mind
of
the
Lacedemonians
who
made
Mats
of
them
formerly
to
lie
upon
.
This
River
is
now
called
Bazili
Potamo
,
or
,
the
Royal
River
,
and
might
be
made
Navigable
seven
or
eight
Leagues
up
,
for
there
is
water
enough
,
but
then
it
is
so
narrow
there
is
not
room
to
turn
,
and
scarce
for
another
Vessel
to
pass
.
Our
apprehension
of
ill
weather
,
made
us
resolve
to
put
in
at
the
little
Isle
of
Spatara
,
formerly
famous
by
the
name
of
Cranaz
:
But
what
think
you
did
we
find
in
a
little
Creek
where
we
put
in
for
shelter
because
the
anchorage
was
good
?
We
found
two
Vessels
,
who
coming
the
same
road
with
us
,
and
driven
with
the
same
wind
,
had
put
in
there
not
above
two
hours
before
.
You
will
be
surprized
when
I
tell
you
that
one
of
those
Vessels
was
the
Christian
Corsair
who
had
changed
his
Colours
upon
us
so
often
,
and
treated
us
so
insolently
.
The
other
was
a
Turkish
Vessel
laden
with
Janizaries
for
Candia
,
that
the
Corsair
had
taken
after
very
great
resistance
;
and
it
was
the
noise
of
that
Combate
that
we
had
heard
when
we
were
off
of
Matapan
.
Lest
the
Corsair
should
begin
a
new
Quarel
with
us
,
on
point
of
Ceremony
,
we
Saluted
him
,
and
Lowr'd
our
Sails
:
We
had
scarce
come
to
an
anchor
,
when
by
good
fortune
the
Wind
veer'd
to
the
South
,
and
a
great
Rain
falling
,
the
Storm
ceased
.
Our
Captain
sent
his
Shallop
a
shore
,
and
in
it
his
Mate
,
to
salute
the
Pirate
;
our
curiosity
would
needs
make
us
accompany
the
Mate
,
where
we
found
the
Pirate
very
busie
;
his
Vessel
shot
through
and
through
in
several
places
,
took
water
in
such
plenty
,
that
all
her
Pumps
(
though
they
wrought
continually
)
were
not
sufficient
to
clear
her
:
This
was
a
manifest
sign
that
the
Turk
had
defended
herself
well
;
but
we
perceived
also
that
the
Turk
had
been
as
ill
treated
,
for
her
Tackling
was
in
the
greatest
disorder
imaginable
;
no
Sails
,
no
Cables
,
no
Masts
,
but
every
thing
in
most
desperate
condition
,
and
the
relation
we
had
of
it
was
this
.
The
Sangiac
or
Governour
of
Modon
,
had
sent
a
Turkish
Vessel
with
Ammunition
and
three
hundred
Janizaries
to
the
Siege
of
Candy
.
It
was
the
misfortune
of
this
Ship
,
to
meet
our
Corsair
in
the
same
height
of
debauchery
,
and
the
same
impatience
of
being
at
mischief
as
we
left
him
;
so
that
without
the
least
scruple
or
hesitation
the
Corsair
fell
to
work
upon
the
Turk
,
who
defended
herself
very
well
;
received
and
returned
some
hundreds
of
shot
.
But
the
Corsair
observing
store
of
Janizaries
upon
the
Deck
,
changed
his
design
of
laying
her
on
Board
as
he
intended
,
and
betook
himself
to
his
Granado's
and
Bosses
(
which
are
a
sort
of
Glass-bottles
very
thin
and
square
,
and
holding
about
six
pounds
of
Pouder
,
●o
which
they
give
fire
in
four
several
places
,
by
so
many
pieces
of
Match
fastned
●hereunto
.
)
Their
execution
was
so
terribly
great
,
that
it
burned
or
lamed
the
greatest
part
of
the
Janizaries
;
this
was
evident
by
the
strange
consternation
and
terrour
that
it
produc'd
in
those
that
were
left
,
who
not
knowing
how
to
secure
themselves
against
them
,
sate
down
quietly
one
by
another
with
their
arms
a-cross
,
and
their
heads
hanging
down
,
as
people
that
were
utterly
lost
,
and
had
nothing
to
do
but
to
submit
to
their
destiny
.
All
their
refuge
was
in
the
word
Alla
,
Alla
,
which
they
repeated
often
to
themselves
with
a
low
and
humble
voice
;
so
that
their
Vessel
being
surrender'd
,
they
were
immediately
clap'd
into
Chains
.
The
Conquerour
,
forced
by
the
violence
of
the
wind
,
and
the
necessity
of
mending
,
was
come
to
an
anchor
at
Spatara
.
We
arrived
just
as
her
Equipage
quitted
the
Turkish
Shi●
which
was
ready
to
sink
under
them
.
Ou●
Companions
knew
nothing
,
but
by
hear●
say
,
of
the
obduracy
and
natural
insolenc●
of
the
Corsairs
,
but
they
had
then
time
t●
inform
themselves
.
The
Christian
Seame●
in
the
mean
time
did
but
deride
and
moc●
at
the
Janizaries
,
jeering
and
imitatio●
their
cries
and
their
postures
;
sometime●
hanging
down
their
own
heads
,
and
sometimes
forcing
them
to
hang
down
theirs
▪
and
when
it
was
resolved
(
their
Ship
being
sinking
)
to
put
them
on
Shore
,
they
shuv'd
them
into
a
Boat
together
in
a
heap
,
lam●
or
wounded
as
they
came
to
hand
,
with
●
out
any
compassion
;
and
certainly
they
would
have
done
it
more
gently
had
they
been
removing
of
Billets
.
The
cruelty
o●
this
spectacle
began
to
work
upon
us
,
and
Bianchi
could
not
but
beg
of
the
Seame●
to
show
more
pity
to
those
miserable
creatures
.
But
one
of
their
Officers
looking
sternly
upon
him
(
in
a
word
)
with
the
eye
of
a
Corsair
,
Would
to
God
,
said
he
,
you
were
to
pass
only
three
or
four
months
in
the
clutches
of
an
Algerine
,
we
should
the●
see
what
your
tenderness
would
be
for
these
dogs
:
The
poor
Italian
had
not
a
word
more
to
say
,
but
shrunk
up
his
shoulders
and
went
off
.
Not
but
many
Christian
Officers
may
be
found
who
abhor
such
barba●ity
in
their
Souls
,
but
in
policy
they
are
obliged
to
dissemble
it
to
incourage
their
Men
,
to
flesh
them
upon
the
Turks
,
and
to
●earn
them
to
give
no
better
quarter
to
those
Infidels
,
than
they
are
to
expect
from
them
.
Whilst
we
were
in
this
Island
,
one
of
our
Cabal
remembred
that
here
it
was
where
the
famous
Helen
condescended
,
and
gave
Paris
the
first
undeniable
evidence
of
her
kindness
;
He
assured
us
likewise
,
that
upon
the
Continent
right
against
the
said
place
of
his
first
fruition
,
the
happy
Lover
erected
a
Temple
to
Venus
,
as
a
testimony
of
his
gratitude
and
felicity
.
He
gave
likewise
to
Venus
the
attribute
of
Migonitis
,
and
call'd
her
Territory
Migonion
,
referring
to
the
amorous
mystery
that
had
been
accomplished
there
.
Menelaus
the
unhappy
Husband
of
that
delicate
Princess
,
eighteen
years
after
she
was
carried
away
,
made
a
visit
to
that
Temple
which
was
then
a
Monument
both
of
his
misfortune
,
and
the
disloyalty
of
his
Wife
.
He
would
not
demolish
it
,
only
upon
each
side
of
the
Statue
of
Venus
,
he
caused
to
be
erected
the
Images
of
another
Goddess
;
that
is
to
say
,
on
one
side
Thetis
,
on
the
other
side
Praxidice
,
or
the
Goddess
of
Correction
;
to
shew
that
he
desired
she
would
not
leave●
his
Wives
infidelity
unpunish'd
:
But
Hellen
survived
him
for
all
that
,
and
he
neve●
lived
to
see
that
injury
reveng'd
;
she
out-liv'd
him
,
as
is
said
before
:
but
being
a●
length
banish'd
by
Nicostrates
and
Megapenthe
,
she
repair'd
to
Rhodes
to
a
near
Relation
of
hers
call'd
Prolixo
,
who
Commanded
in
that
Isle
;
but
instead
of
being
treated
as
she
expected
,
he
caused
her
to
be
hanged
upon
a
tree
:
Thousands
have
mentioned
the
story
of
Helen
,
who
never
knew
any
thing
of
her
end
.
There
was
another
object
which
much
delighted
us
likewise
,
and
that
was
,
when
directing
our
eyes
on
shore
towards
the
place
where
we
conceived
the
Temple
of
Venus
had
been
,
we
were
entertained
with
the
sight
of
Mont
Larissus
,
(
at
about
a
quarter
of
a
Leagues
distance
)
which
is
at
this
day
an
excellent
Vineyard
.
We
were
told
,
the
first
ripe
Grapes
that
were
found
in
all
Greece
,
was
upon
that
Coast
.
We
saw
also
a
small
Chappel
and
a
little
Cell
of
Calagers
,
probably
in
the
same
place
where
the
Temple
of
Bacchus
was
built
,
that
was
anciently
so
famous
for
the
Feasts
which
the
Grecians
from
all
parts
of
Greece
came
thither
every
spring
to
solemnize
in
memory
of
that
great
discovery
.
The
prospect
of
this
beautiful
Coast
,
and
●he
pleasant
reflections
which
it
gave
us
,
would
have
entertained
us
much
longer
,
●ad
not
our
Captain
given
us
notice
to
re●urn
.
He
had
intelligence
that
the
Chri●tian
Corsaire
began
to
be
jealous
of
us
;
●nd
that
being
conscious
he
had
offended
●s
,
and
withal
sensible
,
that
his
own
weak●ess
and
embarasment
might
incourage
us
●o
revenge
it
,
he
might
well
be
tempted
●s
by
way
of
prevention
)
to
endeavour
●omething
(
unexpectedly
)
upon
us
;
where●ore
we
took
the
hint
,
and
went
immedi●tely
on
board
:
Besides
we
were
afraid
●hat
the
Corsaire
returning
our
Visit
,
his
●●nvoys
should
find
Osman
Chelebi
,
and
seize
●n
him
as
one
of
his
prisoners
that
had
●scaped
.
Osman
was
much
troubled
at
the
misfor●●ne
of
the
Janizaries
,
but
he
said
nothing
●hatever
he
thought
.
The
weather
began
●
be
fair
and
favourable
,
so
we
hoised
our
●ils
,
and
took
our
leaves
of
the
Pirate
,
who
●
we
heard
since
mended
her
Ship
,
burn'd
●e
Turk
,
sold
half
her
prisoners
to
the
●agnotti
,
and
carried
the
rest
along
into
●hristendom
.
Sailing
towards
the
East
,
we
left
Colo●ina
to
the
North
of
us
;
the
Ancients
●●ll'd
it
formerly
Gytheon
,
and
it
was
the
Arsenal
for
all
the
Lacedemonian
Sea
.
T●●
Inhabitants
of
this
place
would
never
o●●
their
Original
to
any
People
of
the
Eart●
but
boasted
themselves
a
Colonie
from
He●ven
,
and
that
Apollo
and
Hercules
who
h●●
great
Controversie
in
this
Country
,
bei●●
at
last
reconcil'd
,
they
built
this
Gythe●●
and
peopl'd
it
themselves
.
The
Country
●
uneven
,
full
of
hills
and
dales
,
but
abou●●
with
admirable
fountains
of
fresh
water
.
●
would
not
have
it
thought
impertinent
th●●
I
make
mention
so
frequently
of
the
Sprin●
't
is
the
best
instruction
that
can
be
given
●
such
Ships
as
sail
that
way
.
The
Turks
call
Colochina
by
corrupt●●
Koutguina
;
from
whence
to
the
Cape
●
St.
Angelo
that
Coast
runs
E.
S.
E.
Up●●
the
Sea
side
stands
Tsyli
in
the
same
pla●●
where
Trinasus
stood
of
old
;
and
next
●
that
stands
Sapico
built
out
of
the
ruines
●
Acriae
.
The
next
Town
to
Sapico
is
Por●
Rapani
or
Rapini
,
where
the
City
of
●
ronthrae
stood
formerly
,
where
there
●
also
excellent
springs
.
The
Port
of
Rap●●●
is
discernible
afar
off
,
especially
from
●
S.
S.
E.
by
reason
of
two
very
round
Mo●●tains
in
the
mouth
of
the
Harbour
.
Ab●●●
two
Leagues
distance
towards
the
S.
E.
●
the
Esapo
or
Esopo
,
which
was
the
Anci●●●
Asopu●
.
The
Inhabitants
of
which
place
●
the
time
of
the
Roman
Dominion
,
having
Observ'd
that
many
great
Towns
had
Consecrated
Temples
to
particular
Emperours
,
erected
a
new
one
,
and
dedicated
it
to
all
the
Emperours
past
,
present
,
and
to
come
.
Eight
Leagues
S.
E.
of
Asopus
lies
the
Cape
of
Sancta
Maria
;
which
Cape
was
by
the
Ancients
call'd
Onugnato
,
or
the
Jaw-bone
of
an
Ass
.
South
West
of
the
Cape
de
Sancta
Maria
in
the
Chanel
of
Cerigo
lies
the
Island
of
Cervi
,
call'd
formerly
Platanistunte
:
This
Island
,
and
the
Island
of
Cerigo
lie
North
East
and
South
West
one
of
another
.
The
Isle
of
Cervi
lies
a
good
League
from
the
Terra
firma
,
and
the
Isle
of
Cerigo
from
the
Isle
of
Cervi
four
Leagues
.
The
froth
of
the
Canal
that
formerly
parted
these
two
Islands
,
was
the
occasion
of
the
birth
of
Venus
,
who
was
carried
in
the
shell
of
a
Fish
to
the
Isle
of
Cerigo
,
call'd
formerly
Cythe●ea
.
The
Venetians
,
the
present
Masters
of
this
Island
,
have
a
good
Castle
upon
the
top
of
a
Mountain
;
the
Coasts
of
it
are
all
very
high
,
particularly
those
towards
the
firm
Land
:
The
anchoring
in
some
places
is
but
indifferent
,
but
on
the
East
and
South
side
it
is
very
good
.
To
the
Eastward
of
Sancta
Maria
,
not
far
from
the
Cape
of
St.
Angelo
lies
the
Gulf
of
Lavadia
,
with
a
great
Town
of
the
same
name
.
Here
was
the
Ancient
City
o●
Boeae
,
built
of
old
by
one
of
the
Sons
o●
Hercules
.
The
whole
Coast
abounds
with
Myrtles
as
formerly
,
when
Diana
her
sel●
made
choice
of
it
.
For
her
Town
of
Boeae
●
and
the
Town
of
St.
Angelo
(
which
give●
name
to
the
Cape
)
are
not
far
from
it
.
Thi●
Cape
was
call'd
Anciently
Malea
,
and
is
a●
this
day
call'd
Maleo
by
several
good
Pilots
:
It
lies
E.
N.
E.
of
the
Cape
de
Matapan
,
affording
a
large
Spring
which
run●
out
of
a
Cave
,
and
great
store
of
people
.
On
Wednesday
the
10.
of
April
,
the
wind
blowing
cross
from
the
Eastward
,
we
wer●
obliged
to
slacken
our
sails
;
but
coming
fair
the
next
day
,
we
doubled
the
Cape
,
and
steer'd
Northward
in
sight
of
the
Wester●
Coast
of
the
Country
of
the
Lacedemonians
or
Laconia
,
which
in
vulgar
Greek
i●
at
this
day
call'd
Tzaconia
,
and
sometime●
Saccania
.
The
thirteenth
of
April
,
the
da●
before
Palm
Sunday
we
met
an
English
Vessel
betwixt
the
Isle
of
Caravi
(
eight
good
Leagues
from
the
Cape
de
St.
Angelo
)
an●
the
Island
of
Bella
Pola
that
is
ten
.
Th●
Island
or
Rock
of
Caravi
is
a
black
Roc●
of
the
figure
of
a
Ship
,
from
whence
it
receives
the
name
of
Caravi
,
which
in
common
Greek
is
a
Ship
.
The
English
Vesse●
had
furl'd
the
sails
of
her
main
Mast
,
attending
another
English
Ship
of
her
Company
,
but
not
so
good
a
sailer
;
not
long
after
the
wind
came
about
to
the
East
,
but
blew
so
gently
,
that
we
were
becalm'd
for
some
hours
:
This
gave
opportunity
to
the
English
Gentleman
(
call'd
,
as
I
take
it
,
Dreslington
)
to
go
on
board
that
Vessel
,
to
see
if
he
could
find
any
of
his
Friends
that
could
give
him
any
news
from
Constantinople
,
from
whence
that
Vessel
came
;
and
the
wind
beginning
to
blow
again
,
in
six
hours
he
returned
:
The
said
Gentleman
had
learn'd
there
,
that
every
moment
news
was
expected
of
the
surrender
of
Candia
:
That
for
some
dayes
it
had
been
reported
and
believed
,
that
the
Grand
Signior
was
killed
by
a
fall
from
his
horse
,
as
he
was
hunting
upon
the
Mountains
of
Thessaly
not
far
from
Larissa
;
but
that
the
last
Post
had
assured
them
that
the
fall
was
not
considerable
,
and
that
the
Grand
Signior
was
very
well
.
After
this
he
gave
us
a
relation
of
a
great
insolence
that
had
been
committed
at
Pera
towards
Monsieur
Hodges
Treasurer
to
the
English
Company
in
the
Levant
:
Hodges
(
being
return'd
from
taking
the
air
with
some
other
persons
of
Quality
of
his
own
Nation
,
and
not
giving
way
to
a
black
Eunuch
who
belonged
to
the
Seraglio
,
and
was
passing
on
horseback
thorow
the
same
street
)
was
treated
with
insufferable
ill
language
,
and
indeed
such
as
strangers
may
well
expect
from
the
ferocity
of
the
Turks
;
upon
which
our
English
Camerade
took
occasion
to
enquire
how
a
man
was
to
comport
himself
in
Constantinople
:
other
advised
him
above
all
things
to
be
cautious
of
entertaining
intrigues
with
the
Ladies
,
and
remonstrated
the
danger
of
them
by
an
account
he
gave
of
an
amorous
adventure
,
in
which
the
person
that
related
it
,
had
a
particular
share
:
It
is
fresh
enough
in
my
memory
,
and
I
will
give
you
a
recital
,
but
with
no
farther
assurance
that
it
is
true
,
than
the
bare
asseveration
of
the
Gentleman
who
told
it
:
And
this
I
hope
will
be
a
testimony
of
my
complacency
,
and
how
much
respect
I
bear
to
your
desire
,
that
I
should
communicate
eve●
the
slightest
adventures
in
my
travels
.
An
old
shew
Jew
,
who
traffick'd
in
Jewel●
in
the
best
houses
of
Constantinople
,
drov●
a
Trade
likewise
with
such
strangers
as
arrived
at
Pera
;
and
her
access
was
the
mor●
easie
,
because
she
spake
Spanish
perfectly
well
,
which
,
as
you
know
,
is
at
this
day
●
language
common
to
all
the
Jews
in
Greece
She
was
a
Woman
of
intrigue
,
and
he●
brains
were
not
alwayes
working
upon
he●
Jewels
.
Her
greatest
Commerce
was
with
young
Ladies
,
whose
Husbands
were
either
slain
,
or
absent
at
Candia
:
Among
the
rest
She
had
a
particular
intimacy
with
a
very
pretty
one
called
Majunama
,
whose
Husband
was
at
that
time
attending
the
Grand
Visier
:
About
six
months
before
,
the
good
old
Jew
had
fixt
her
eye
on
a
young
Neopolitan
Gentleman
who
was
arrived
at
Constantinople
to
take
a
view
of
that
place
,
and
proceed
afterwards
in
his
Journey
quite
thorow
the
Grand
Signiors
Country
:
He
was
a
handsom
man
,
about
eight
and
twenty
years
old
,
and
appeared
to
be
a
person
of
Quality
.
The
old
Jew
immediately
had
her
designs
upon
him
,
mentioned
Majunama
to
him
,
and
him
to
Majunama
,
and
order'd
things
so
,
that
Majunama
had
as
great
curiosity
to
see
him
.
It
is
most
certain
these
practises
are
more
difficult
there
than
any
where
;
yet
it
does
not
follow
,
that
every
thing
that
is
difficult
is
impossible
:
and
the
greatest
obstacles
were
removed
by
a
certain
dexterity
the
old
Woman
had
,
in
disguising
young
men
in
the
habit
of
her
Slaves
,
when
she
had
a
mind
to
introduce
them
among
the
Ladies
.
The
Neopolitan
was
timerous
and
circumspect
,
and
would
not
be
brought
to
such
an
enterview
but
with
great
caution
and
forecast
.
Besides
the
fear
of
her
Relations
,
and
the
unexpected
return
of
her
Husband
,
he
consider'd
she
might
grow
weary
of
her
Gallant
,
and
by
an
effect
of
her
penitence
or
inconstancy
,
follow
the
custom
of
most
of
the
Turkish
Dames
,
who
in
like
cases
,
do
take
such
course
with
their
Gallants
,
that
they
are
never
more
to
be
heard
of
;
a
Sack
,
and
the
neighbourhood
of
the
Sea
are
of
great
use
to
them
in
those
occasions
.
He
confessed
frankly
his
apprehensions
to
the
Jew
,
who
laughing
at
his
fears
,
asked
him
whether
he
would
be
contented
if
the
Ladies
Father
and
Mother
were
sent
to
him
in
hostage
;
if
that
would
not
do
,
he
should
have
the
Governour
of
the
Town
,
but
at
length
she
prevailed
over
him
so
far
that
he
ventured
.
Having
been
assured
,
that
the
Ladies
do
never
rid
themselves
but
when
the
performance
of
their
Gallants
is
not
answerable
to
their
undertakings
,
he
managed
his
stock
with
great
prudence
and
oeconomy
,
like
usurers
who
will
generally
promise
more
for
the
next
day
than
they
will
give
in
the
present
:
But
he
relapsed
,
and
was
always
in
his
fears
.
After
he
had
been
eight
days
together
locked
up
in
his
Mistrises
Lodgings
,
lest
she
should
cut
his
throat
,
he
declared
he
would
be
gone
,
unless
all
the
Swords
and
Daggers
,
and
even
the
knives
in
the
house
were
brought
to
him
at
night
,
and
laid
under
his
bolster
.
Majunama
offer'd
in
rallery
,
if
he
suspected
her
,
to
lye
by
him
with
her
hands
and
legs
bound
,
but
all
that
could
not
shame
him
into
better
security
:
The
good
Lady
,
to
incourage
him
,
gave
order
he
should
have
what
Wine
he
pleased
,
though
at
first
out
of
a
principle
of
Religion
she
scrupled
to
let
any
come
into
her
house
;
but
in
spite
of
her
scruples
,
he
found
out
a
way
to
make
her
drink
it
her self
:
He
was
so
fear-full
of
being
poison'd
,
that
he
would
neither
eat
nor
drink
any
thing
but
what
she
tasted
in
his
presence
:
She
must
take
the
first
sip
still
,
or
nothing
could
satifie
him
:
In
the
mean
time
an
alarm
was
spread
abroad
that
her
Husband
was
return'd
from
Candia
:
The
Neopolitan
was
dismissed
,
and
he
went
away
in
such
a
fright
,
that
he
left
Constantinople
immediately
:
This
report
was
only
an
invention
to
be
quit
of
him
,
and
Majunama
being
accustomed
,
and
much
taken
with
the
Society
of
strangers
,
continued
that
Commerce
by
the
industry
of
the
officious
Jew
,
who
not
long
after
brought
her
a
French
Gentleman
,
whose
brisk
and
airy
way
was
quite
contrary
to
the
timidity
of
her
Neopolitan
The
first
●ime
the
Monsieur
was
slipp'd
into
her
Chamber
,
they
had
all
the
trouble
in
the
world
to
keep
him
from
striking
up
with
a
Flagelot
he
had
brought
in
his
pocket
,
and
from
running
over
some
Corants
which
he
by
all
means
would
have
been
teaching
his
Mistress
.
More
than
once
he
would
have
been
kicking
down
the
stairs
a
deaf
Slave
,
who
had
not
come
in
as
soon
as
he
was
called
.
But
this
Gallant
was
less
pleasing
to
the
Lady
than
the
others
;
she
would
have
them
brave
,
but
not
vain
and
obstreperous
:
So
that
Majunama
was
not
much
sorry
that
his
Affairs
called
him
away
,
and
that
he
was
obliged
suddenly
to
leave
her
.
He
was
no
sooner
gone
,
but
the
Jew
began
a
new
intrigue
with
an
English
Gentleman
,
who
pretended
himself
a
relation
of
the
Earl
of
Winchelsy
,
Ambassador
from
England
in
that
Court
:
The
Gentleman
was
a
resolute
person
,
but
no●
so
hair-brain'd
and
extravagant
.
Thes●
two
Lovers
no
sooner
saw
one
another
but
they
liked
exceedingly
,
and
having
a
mutual
desire
to
continue
their
intimacy
,
made
it
their
study
to
understand
one
another
●
thereby
to
increase
their
kindness
and
reciprocal
complacence
.
This
Care
and
circumspection
inspired
them
with
designs
no●
altogether
unpleasant
.
It
came
into
thei●
minds
to
make
experiment
how
each
o●
them
would
,
behave
themselves
in
case
it
should
happen
,
the
Husband
arrived
and
surpriz'd
them
together
.
To
clear
the
point
,
each
had
his
plot
.
After
the
English
Gentleman
had
been
a
week
together
in
her
Quarters
,
as
he
was
going
abroad
for
refreshment
,
word
was
brought
that
two
English
Vessels
were
expected
from
Canea
,
and
that
undoubtedly
if
the
Husband
had
any
inclination
to
return
,
he
could
have
no
opportunity
like
that
;
That
if
so
,
there
could
be
no
danger
in
their
meetings
,
because
care
was
taken
that
notice
should
be
given
of
their
arrival
,
and
of
the
number
and
quality
of
the
Passengers
.
This
was
his
contrivance
,
and
by
it
he
designed
when
he
pleased
to
alarm
her
with
a
report
that
her
husband
was
come
,
and
to
see
thereby
what
shift
she
would
make
to
disintangle
her self
in
case
it
were
true
.
Among
all
the
Family
of
Majumana
,
none
was
so
privy
to
her
secrets
as
a
certain
young
Slave
called
Ketevan
,
who
was
a
witty
lass
,
and
had
made
all
the
Servants
of
her
party
very
cunning
,
to
the
end
that
being
all
Accomplices
in
the
intrigue
,
it
might
be
their
common
interest
to
conceal
it
.
Ketevan
was
fair
and
young
,
and
being
taken
with
the
bonne
mine
of
the
English
Gentleman
;
she
had
a
snickering
after
him
,
and
pleased
herself
much
in
promoting
his
affairs
,
in
hopes
some
kind
opportunity
might
happen
in
which
she
might
be
requited
.
She
it
was
who
discovered
to
him
the
late
intrigue
with
the
Neopolitan
and
Frenchman
;
imagining
that
that
relation
might
lessen
his
affection
for
her
Mistress
.
They
had
many
Consultations
to
consider
of
his
Escape
in
case
of
necessity
;
and
in
what
part
of
her
Lodgings
he
might
be
concealed
to
avoid
the
sudden
return
of
her
Husband
.
There
was
not
a
corner
in
the
whole
house
but
was
examined
,
and
the
convenience
and
inconvenience
of
it
thoroughly
debated
;
at
length
it
came
into
Ketevan's
head
,
that
a
Sofa
in
the
Hall
might
be
useful
:
(
The
Sofas
are
holes
about
a
foot
high
,
of
a
competent
breadth
,
and
covered
over
with
Tapestry
.
)
To
make
Experiment
whether
that
would
be
commodious
or
not
,
Ketevan
crouded
herself
into
it
,
but
found
herself
so
close
,
she
was
in
danger
of
being
stifled
.
Whereupon
she
shifted
out
again
as
well
as
she
could
,
with
her
heels
foremost
:
the
hole
was
so
strait
that
she
bruised
herself
with
struggling
to
get
out
,
and
was
forced
to
keep
her
bed
.
The
English
Gentleman
was
troubled
,
and
indeed
something
too
much
,
for
the
jealous
Majunama
did
not
like
it
,
and
their
little
apprehensions
●edoubled
their
desire
of
putting
one
ano●her
to
the
Test
.
One
day
as
the
Gallant
was
in
Majunama's
Lodgings
,
attending
till
●he
returned
from
Bathing
(
which
accord●ng
to
the
Custom
of
the
Turkish
Ladies
,
●he
did
use
constantly
every
Friday
)
he
●aused
an
Alarm
to
be
suddenly
brought
●rom
the
Harbour
,
that
the
Husband
was
●rrived
in
an
English
Vessel
.
The
report
was
brought
to
another
young
Slave
an
Ita●ian
;
(
for
Ketevan
was
at
that
time
in
a
●ever
in
bed
.
)
The
poor
Italian
believed
●
real
,
and
in
great
fright
came
running
with
the
News
to
the
English
Man
who
dis●embled
it
very
well
.
A
while
after
,
Ma●umana
(
who
had
a
mind
likewise
to
put
●he
same
trick
upon
her
Gallant
)
returned
●rom
the
Bath
in
great
terrour
and
confu●●on
.
Her
head
being
full
of
her
own
premeditated
fear
,
she
took
no
notice
of
the
●retended
terrour
of
the
English
Man
,
or
●er
Slave
;
but
cryed
out
as
soon
as
she
saw
●hem
,
That
all
was
undone
,
That
her
Gal●ant
was
very
unfortunate
to
have
depend●d
for
his
intelligence
upon
his
friends
in
●he
Harbour
,
for
her
Husband
was
cer●ainly
arrived
.
The
Englishman
who
had
●repared
the
same
train
for
her
,
and
was
●eady
to
have
given
fire
,
was
exceedingly
●stonished
,
and
catcht
in
the
same
trap
which
he
had
laid
for
his
Mistress
.
H●
found
his
case
desperately
terrible
;
and
●
the
height
of
his
surprise
admired
(
as
muc●
as
he
had
time
)
the
subtilty
of
Fortun●
that
at
her
own
pleasure
could
make
a
tr●●
story
of
an
invention
.
He
could
not
spea●
a
word
himself
,
but
the
Italian
Slave
ha●
composedness
enough
to
tell
her
Mistre●●
that
it
was
but
too
true
her
Master
was
●
turned
,
and
that
the
English
Gentlema●
friends
had
been
exact
in
giving
him
n●tice
,
and
thereupon
gave
her
the
partic●lars
of
what
she
had
heard
before
:
Maj●nama
was
in
strange
consternation
,
imagi●ing
that
by
a
kind
of
prodigy
,
she
had
to
●
truth
when
she
never
intended
it
.
In
t●●
cruel
agitation
of
mind
that
this
doub●●
imposture
and
fraud
had
produced
in
the●●
both
,
they
passed
a
quarter
of
an
hour
●
the
greatest
confusion
imaginable
;
the
●
were
all
at
their
wits
end
,
and
not
one
●
the
three
but
wished
themselves
sick
in
b●
as
Ketevan
was
at
that
time
.
Majunam●
tearing
her
hair
off
her
head
,
confessed
th●●
she
had
invented
the
news
,
and
cursed
h●●
stars
that
had
turned
it
into
truth
.
T●●
Gallant
hearing
that
,
began
to
recollec●
and
with
incredible
joy
acknowledged
th●
same
stratagem
on
his
side
:
This
discove●
calmed
their
spirits
immediately
,
and
w●●
●he
occasion
of
a
thousand
Caresses
;
they
●ook
a
thousand
Oaths
never
more
to
surprise
one
another
with
those
sorts
of
trials
,
so
much
had
the
short
moment
of
their
uncertainty
discomposed
them
.
She
asked
him
what
he
would
have
done
if
her
Husband
had
been
really
at
the
door
:
He
pulled
but
his
Dagger
,
and
told
her
that
if
he
could
not
have
stab'd
it
to
the
heart
of
her
Husband
,
he
would
have
done
it
to
his
own
.
She
liked
not
that
way
,
but
told
him
,
by
so
doing
,
he
would
not
have
in
the
least
provided
for
her
safety
,
but
rather
incensed
the
common
Enemy
against
them
both
;
and
thereupon
she
shew'd
him
a
Cabinet
of
Jewels
,
and
a
little
box
of
poison
.
The
Jewels
were
designed
to
go
along
in
case
their
escape
was
practicable
;
and
the
poison
to
be
taken
when
things
were
desperate
,
to
put
an
end
to
all
their
troubles
at
a
blow
.
They
repeated
their
protestations
never
to
be
so
ingenious
for
the
future
.
But
what
do
you
think
happened
in
the
very
moment
?
The
Husband
being
in
good
earnest
returned
from
Candia
,
was
knocking
at
the
door
,
the
Italian
Slave
who
had
left
them
to
their
endearments
,
and
perceived
her
Master
coming
by
a
window
that
looked
into
the
street
,
came
running
with
the
news
in
an
incredible
fright
.
They
thought
at
first
that
either
one
or
the
other
had
a
mind
t●
divert
themselves
at
the
old
rate
,
but
the
cryes
and
paleness
of
the
Italian
dispelled
that
fancy
quickly
,
and
perswaded
them
i●
was
true
.
Majunama
,
who
before
had
disliked
the
expedient
of
the
Dagger
,
wa●
the
first
that
got
it
in
her
hand
,
but
the
English-man
in
pure
love
snatch'd
it
away
again
,
and
secured
the
box
of
poison
les●
she
should
have
taken
it
down
.
When
he
had
so
done
,
he
advanced
with
undaunted
courage
,
and
took
his
Post
at
the
door
with
the
Dagger
in
his
fist
,
and
his
arm
u●
ready
to
strike
it
into
any
man
that
should
enter
:
The
Husband
knock'd
on
,
and
the
Italian
pressed
her
Mistris
to
go
and
open
it
her self
,
and
entertain
him
for
some
time
below
stairs
as
well
as
she
could
,
but
the
poor
Lady
had
not
strength
enough
to
convey
her
:
In
this
inconceivable
distraction
,
in
spight
of
her
Feavor
,
Ketevan
crawl'd
to
them
,
and
proposed
to
hide
the
poor
Gentleman
in
her
bed
,
having
no
time
to
consider
of
a
better
expedient
,
in
he
went
clothes
and
all
,
but
his
Dagger
still
fast
in
his
hand
.
Majunama
was
pacified
for
the
present
;
but
as
she
was
going
down
the
stairs
,
she
changed
her
Opinion
,
and
gave
way
to
one
of
the
most
unseasonable
fancies
in
the
world
:
Unhappy
Woman
that
I
am
,
(
said
she
to
the
Italian
)
I
cannot
but
be
jealous
:
Never
Lover
went
so
nimbly
●o
bed
to
another
Woman
:
Never
did
●ick
person
speak
so
heartily
as
Ketevan
;
●nd
never
did
Mistris
press
her
Gallant
so
●arnestly
to
anothers
embraces
,
Ha
,
Ma●am
,
said
the
Italian
,
recommend
your self
●o
the
Prophet
,
and
lay
aside
these
unsea●onable
whimsies
:
Hereupon
Majunama
went
directly
to
the
door
,
and
let
in
her
Husband
,
who
look'd
upon
her
surprize
as
●he
effect
of
her
Conjugal
affection
;
having
●onducted
him
up
stairs
,
she
was
tempted
●
partly
out
of
jealousie
,
and
partly
weak●ess
)
to
have
gone
back
to
her
Chamber
,
●nd
reposed
her self
upon
Ketevans
bed
:
●ut
her
Italian
had
provided
very
wisely
●gainst
that
,
and
lock'd
the
door
,
by
which
●eans
all
was
well
,
and
the
old
Jew
found
●way
to
convey
the
English
Man
that
night
●ut
of
the
House
;
the
young
Gentleman
●eing
happily
delivered
stood
not
much
●pon
Constancy
,
changed
his
haunts
,
and
●as
never
afterwards
to
be
found
either
by
●he
Jew
or
Italian
.
From
Pera
where
he
●dged
before
,
he
removed
to
the
Poland
●mbassadors
house
in
Constantinople
,
and
●
few
dayes
after
,
having
heard
of
this
●essel
that
we
met
betwixt
the
Isles
of
Bella●ola
and
Caravi
,
he
took
the
opportunity
,
and
Embarked
in
it
for
London
.
This
sto●●
the
Gentleman
himself
told
to
Master
Dr●slington
.
Our
Vessel
continuing
its
course
,
th●
Gulf
of
Napoli
de
Romania
,
the
Isle
of
s●dra
,
and
the
Cape
de
Schilly
continued
●
the
Westward
,
and
the
Islands
of
the
A●chipelago
to
the
East
:
Of
these
Islands
,
a●
the
whole
Country
of
Morea
I
shall
ha●
more
convenient
opportunity
to
discour●●
hereafter
.
At
length
,
to
our
great
sati●faction
,
we
found
our selves
on
the
15.
●
April
,
at
the
mouth
of
the
Gulf
d'
Eng●●
about
sixteen
Leagues
from
Athens
.
W●
met
a
Saique
(
or
small
Greek
Vessel
)
to
t●●
Westward
of
St.
George
d'
Arbora
,
whi●●
the
Italians
called
Capello
Cardinale
,
a●●
the
Ancients
Albona
:
It
is
an
Island
ve●●
low
on
the
Northside
,
but
on
the
South
●
has
several
steep
pointed
hills
,
that
disti●guishes
it
easily
from
the
other
Islands
:
T●●
Saique
was
fraighted
with
Oyls
,
and
Ski●●
and
bound
for
Porto-Lione
,
which
(
as
I
sa●●
before
)
was
anciently
the
so
famous
Ha●bour
of
Athens
.
Our
Captain
had
hea●●
news
that
the
Cadi
and
other
Turkish
O●ficers
,
had
of
late
imposed
new
Duties
u●on
all
Vessels
that
came
to
anchor
in
th●●
Harbour
;
and
being
desirous
to
infor●
himself
better
,
he
hall'd
the
Saique
;
t●●
Master
of
the
Saique
confirm'd
what
he
had
●eard
,
and
assured
us
they
would
make
us
●ay
at
the
rate
of
Six
per
Cent.
for
all
our
Goods
.
That
our
Timins
(
for
so
they
call
●ur
five
Sols
pieces
)
were
decried
,
and
that
we
could
utter
nothing
there
now
but
●eales
,
or
pieces
of
Eight
full
weight
,
and
●hat
of
them
too
they
had
lessened
the
●rice
;
for
having
always
passed
there
for
●hree
and
thirty
Parats
,
they
were
reduc'd
●ow
to
twenty
seven
;
every
Parat
is
worth
●hree
Aspers
,
and
every
Asper
six
or
seven
French
Deniers
.
This
being
a
great
grie●ance
to
the
Genois
,
and
contrary
to
their
Capitulation
at
Constantinople
in
the
year
●665
.
our
Captain
resolved
to
stay
at
St.
George
d'
Arbora
(
though
the
anchor●ng
was
not
very
good
)
and
to
write
to
Athens
to
understand
the
truth
,
concluding
●o
go
to
some
other
Port
,
if
the
Turkish
Officers
would
not
admit
him
upon
better
conditions
:
He
sent
his
Pinnace
to
Porto-Lione
,
with
a
Letter
to
the
Genoa
Consul
,
who
at
that
time
stood
very
tottering
in
his
Office
,
it
being
not
only
disposed
of
,
but
almost
executed
by
John
Giraud
a
French-man
,
born
at
Lions
,
and
formerly
Consul
For
the
French
Nation
in
Athens
.
This
Giraud
is
a
nimble
man
,
and
understands
well
enough
,
but
he
loves
his
pleasure
,
and
particularly
play
;
for
there
a●●
Gamesters
at
Athens
as
well
as
at
oth●●
places
:
When
he
was
turn'd
out
of
th●●
Consulship
for
the
French
,
he
struck
in
wi●●
some
People
,
and
got
himself
made
Co●sul
there
for
the
English
and
Dutch.
He
●
a
person
that
loves
to
make
a
noise
and
●
Parade
,
and
with
his
bustling
got
into
●
young
Lady
of
the
house
of
the
Paleolog●
and
married
her
much
to
his
advantag●
for
there
is
still
a
branch
of
that
Illustrio●●
Family
in
Athens
.
The
present
French
Consul
at
Athens
,
●
of
Marseille
,
and
his
name
Christopher
Ch●staigner
,
a
Vigorous
man
,
and
one
th●●
stands
stifly
for
the
Interest
of
his
Cou●trey
.
Upon
our
Captains
Resolution
of
sta●ing
at
St.
George
d'
Arbora
till
his
Pinna●●
return'd
,
Osman
Chelebi
(
who
understoo●
perfectly
the
humour
of
the
Turks
in
tho●●
parts
)
came
to
him
,
and
advised
him
●
threaten
the
Athenian
Officers
with
th●
loss
of
a
Present
which
he
design'd
the●●
for
his
anchoring
;
and
that
to
let
them
s●●
how
indifferent
he
was
for
coming
in
the●●
he
should
put
off
again
to
Sea
,
and
ma●●
either
for
the
Port
de
Raphti
(
which
li●●
N.
E.
of
the
Cape
de
Colonnes
)
or
the
Islan●
of
Zea
,
about
five
Leagues
from
the
sai●
Cape
:
He
assured
us
that
those
two
Ports
were
the
safest
in
all
those
Seas
,
which
was
very
true
,
besides
that
in
either
of
them
a
Vessel
may
be
supplyed
with
Water
,
or
Bisket
,
or
Wood.
Afterwards
Osman
Chelebi
grew
more
open
to
us
,
confessed
he
was
married
,
and
that
he
was
not
above
five
or
six
Leagues
from
the
place
where
his
Wife
lived
,
adding
with
great
circumstances
of
kindness
,
that
if
we
would
hazard
our selves
with
him
,
he
would
shew
us
a
very
fine
Countrey
as
(
possibly
)
we
had
seen
;
we
all
lik'd
his
proposition
:
The
Captain
sent
his
Pinnace
to
Athens
,
commanding
it
to
meet
him
at
the
Island
of
Zea
whither
he
was
steering
his
course
:
We
took
the
opportunity
of
a
little
Bark
bound
for
St.
George
de
Arbora
:
The
Captain
being
informed
of
the
place
to
which
Osman
Chelebi
had
tempted
us
,
told
us
that
he
would
stay
five
dayes
for
us
at
Zea
;
that
if
from
thence
he
was
invited
to
Athens
,
he
would
give
us
notice
by
an
Express
;
but
if
the
avarice
of
the
Turks
at
Athens
obliged
him
to
pass
on
to
Smyrna
,
he
would
send
our
things
to
Baphti
,
from
whence
we
might
easily
convey
them
to
Athens
.
Upon
●his
incouragement
we
habited
our selves
●ike
Grecians
,
and
away
with
the
Bark
that
was
going
to
Capo
Colonne
,
which
is
the
same
that
the
Ancients
called
the
Promontory
of
Sunion
.
It
was
not
long
before
we
got
sight
of
the
Columns
of
white
Marble
that
are
to
be
seen
upon
the
point
of
that
Coast
,
and
give
it
that
name
.
On
the
West
side
towards
the
lower
parts
of
that
Coast
,
Nature
has
form'd
a
little
Harbour
,
where
both
anchoring
and
shelter
is
exceeding
good
:
For
the
hills
of
the
Terra
firma
do
cover
it
on
every
side
but
the
South
,
and
on
that
side
it
is
secur'd
by
the
Island
o●
Garderonis
,
of
old
call'd
Gadalone
.
Nevertheless
there
are
sand-banks
upon
th●
Western
point
,
and
our
Master
had
like
to
have
run
us
upon
them
.
Here
it
was
tha●
we
Landed
,
and
believed
our selves
first
i●
Greece
,
for
we
reckon'd
as
nothing
our
debarkment
at
Maina
.
'T
is
not
to
be
imagined
how
all
of
us
were
pleased
.
Drelingston
our
English
Camerade
,
to
signali●●
his
curiosity
,
clamber'd
along
upon
tho●
hills
that
conducted
to
the
Columns
,
a●
being
impatient
to
be
admiring
their
Workmanship
;
we
all
follow'd
,
and
made
it
●
a
good
half
League
before
we
came
a●
them
.
The
present
Greeks
,
and
the
Italia●
Pilots
perswade
us
,
that
they
are
the
r●liques
of
a
Magnificent
Palace
built
there
b●
Alexander
the
Great
:
But
that
is
a
m●stake
,
they
being
the
remainder
of
a
Gl●rious
Temple
built
by
the
Athenians
,
and
Dedicated
to
Pallas
.
We
could
observe
,
that
the
Palace
had
been
twice
as
long
as
broad
,
and
had
Pillars
round
about
it
,
which
other
Temples
had
only
in
their
Fronts
.
Hereafter
you
may
have
a
sight
of
a
draught
that
I
took
upon
the
place
,
which
will
give
you
the
dimensions
exactly
.
Those
who
are
skill'd
in
Architecture
,
and
would
know
the
true
proportions
of
the
Dorick
Order
,
will
be
able
to
judge
whether
this
was
the
work
the
Most
Famous
Architect
hath
so
highly
commended
.
Let
it
not
displease
,
I
beseech
you
,
that
I
make
my self
the
depository
of
my
designs
,
and
chuse
to
bring
along
with
me
when
I
return
into
France
,
all
the
Monuments
,
Bas-reliefs
,
Inscriptions
and
Figures
that
I
have
met
,
in
Crayons
of
my
own
doing
;
and
upon
this
account
it
is
,
that
I
do
not
here
trouble
you
with
the
Description
of
any
one
of
them
.
There
could
not
be
a
pleasanter
prospect
than
we
had
among
the
Pillars
;
the
whole
Archipelago
was
on
our
left
hand
,
and
nothing
could
entertain
us
better
than
to
see
,
and
consider
the
multitude
of
Isles
wherewith
it
is
furnished
;
and
our
Perspective-Glasses
were
of
great
use
in
our
view
:
forward
we
saw
the
way
which
we
had
come
;
on
our
right
hand
the
Gulf
of
Engia
gave
us
occasion
to
guess
in
what
part
of
its
shore
the
City
of
Athens
was
situate
;
and
then
looking
Northward
up
the
Country
,
we
had
a
view
of
a
good
number
of
Cabanes
,
and
the
entrance
of
the
famous
plain
of
Marathon
where
the
Persians
were
defeated
.
It
came
into
Osman's
head
that
he
could
discern
the
house
where
his
Wife
lived
;
and
that
fancy
redoubling
his
impatience
,
he
took
us
off
from
our
contemplation
much
sooner
than
otherwise
we
should
have
been
.
We
made
directly
to
the
Cabanes
,
designing
to
lye
there
that
night
(
for
it
grew
late
)
and
to
take
Waggon
the
next
Morning
to
convey
us
to
Osman
Chilebi's
house
.
These
Cabanes
were
inhabited
by
those
kind
of
people
which
are
known
to
the
Turks
and
Greeks
by
the
name
of
Arnautes
,
and
to
others
by
the
name
of
Albanians
:
Part
of
them
came
Originally
from
the
Frontiers
of
Macedon
not
far
from
the
Towns
of
Apolimena
and
Sapoza
,
and
part
of
them
from
Epirus
towards
the
Mountains
of
Chimera
.
These
Arnautes
are
naturally
brave
,
resolute
and
indefatigable
,
great
thieves
,
and
the
same
at
Land
,
that
the
Magnotts
are
at
Sea
.
If
there
be
fifty
Robbers
taken
,
and
impal'd
in
Turkie
,
't
is
odds
but
forty
nine
of
them
are
Arnautes
.
About
the
declension
of
the
Empire
,
the
Greek
Emperours
transplanted
them
,
as
finding
them
turbulent
,
and
inclining
to
revolt
;
it
was
thought
they
would
have
chang'd
their
humour
with
their
soil
,
but
they
were
mistaken
:
the
worst
of
them
were
removed
into
Morea
,
and
about
Athens
:
Upon
the
death
of
Scanderbeg
,
part
of
his
Subjects
came
to
them
,
part
of
them
removed
into
Poüille
,
and
part
into
Dalmatia
under
the
Government
of
the
Venetian
:
Those
in
Greece
are
dispersed
into
an
infinite
number
of
little
Villages
,
consisting
of
twenty
or
thirty
houses
apiece
.
Those
who
live
near
the
Sea
are
much
given
to
fishing
;
those
who
are
farther
up
upon
the
Land
,
have
great
herds
of
Cattle
that
maintain
them
;
but
both
of
them
are
excellent
at
thieving
,
and
whatever
they
lay
their
hands
on
is
their
own
.
In
Greece
they
are
of
the
Greek
Church
;
in
Italy
of
the
Roman
Catholick
.
They
speak
three
sorts
of
Languages
,
the
Turks
,
the
Greek
,
and
a
kind
of
Jargon
of
their
own
made
up
of
broken
Sclavonian
.
We
had
received
so
●ismal
an
impression
of
the
brutality
of
the
Arnautes
,
that
we
expected
they
would
have
●allen
upon
us
,
and
pillaged
us
:
But
they
were
not
so
bad
as
we
looked
for
.
The
●●rst
house
we
came
to
,
we
found
the
Master
newly
dead
,
and
the
Neighbours
coming
out
who
had
been
with
him
when
he
died
.
The
dress
of
the
Women
was
very
odd
,
and
't
is
possible
I
may
make
you
laugh
one
day
at
the
sight
of
one
of
their
pictures
.
After
Osman
and
I
had
passed
our
Salamalekum
,
and
saluted
them
,
being
wrought
upon
by
Osman's
good
language
and
Mine
,
they
received
us
pretty
well
.
One
of
them
carried
us
to
his
Cabane
,
and
it
happened
to
be
at
a
time
when
it
was
clean
and
unpestered
;
for
the
Cattle
were
by
acciden●
at
grass
,
and
there
was
nothing
amiss
in
th●
house
,
but
the
remainder
of
their
fodde●
In
those
Countries
,
the
Master
and
his
Cattle
are
Inmates
,
and
lye
higgledy
piggled●
in
the
same
room
.
We
had
a
Collation
o●
Milk
and
Cheese
,
and
certain
little
Cake●
made
up
with
Honey
and
Almonds
by
on●
Landlord
(
who
was
Baker
for
the
Town
)
and
to
be
put
into
his
Neighbours
Grav●
according
to
the
custom
of
that
Country
,
They
use
them
likewise
to
please
the
Children
,
who
for
that
reason
will
be
sure
t●
flock
to
every
Funeral
,
and
assist
at
th●
singing
the
Eleyson
.
The
door
of
the
Cabbin
was
thronged
with
multitudes
of
people
,
and
the
Funeral
Pomp
being
a
rarity
among
us
,
is
well
worth
our
particular
Relation
.
The
Body
was
extended
upon
a
piece
of
course
cloth
before
the
door
of
his
Hutt
,
with
a
large
Sheephook
on
one
side
,
and
a
Carabine
on
the
other
,
which
(
being
their
whole
equipage
in
Peace
and
in
War
)
are
display'd
constantly
on
the
sides
of
the
Corps
upon
those
occasions
.
His
Widow
was
not
wanting
with
her
shreeks
and
expressions
of
sorrow
;
but
in
so
dismal
a
Tone
,
that
they
provoked
more
to
terrour
than
pitty
:
Her
hair
hung
down
loose
upon
her
shoulders
,
only
some
few
handfulls
she
had
pulled
off
,
more
in
formality
than
any
thing
else
:
Her
yells
were
seconded
by
the
consort
of
the
whole
Neighbourhood
,
after
which
they
intermitted
for
some
time
,
till
the
eldest
began
again
,
and
was
answered
by
the
rest
.
The
Men
in
their
turns
came
up
to
the
Corps
,
and
every
one
in
his
degree
accosted
it
with
some
saying
or
other
that
testified
his
regret
.
I
do
assure
you
,
without
the
testimony
of
mine
own
senses
,
I
could
not
have
believed
a
thing
so
sottishly
ridiculous
.
Why
wouldst
thou
dye
?
said
our
Host
to
him
:
what
was
it
you
wanted
?
the
purses
of
all
Passengers
were
at
your
mercy
;
and
if
it
had
been
money
you
lookt
for
,
they
might
have
supplyed
you
.
Another
Apostrophised
thus
;
You
were
a
terrour
to
the
whole
world
,
and
do
you
not
think
that
dying
so
indiscreetly
,
you
have
done
a
pleasure
to
your
enemies
in
taking
from
them
the
only
cause
of
their
fear
?
Your
Wife
that
stands
by
you
,
never
offended
you
in
her
life
;
your
Children
never
disputed
your
Commands
;
your
Servants
were
alwayes
obedient
,
so
that
no
man
being
more
absolute
in
his
Family
,
what
was
it
that
could
provoke
you
to
dye
?
And
the
rest
of
their
exaggerations
being
suitable
,
I
was
of
Opinion
,
that
they
had
been
suggested
by
Osman
Chelebi
,
on
purpose
to
entertain
us
:
But
the
truth
is
,
the
Arnautes
do
in
this
manner
boast
of
their
Out-rages
,
and
(
which
you
would
hardly
believe
)
design
them
as
documents
and
stimulations
to
their
Children
,
who
dare
not
be
absent
from
these
excellent
Panegyricks
.
One
of
the
Neighbours
had
a
particular
way
by
himself
,
and
it
was
thus
;
Seeing
you
are
dead
,
(
says
he
)
and
that
business
is
done
,
let
me
recommend
it
to
you
to
desire
Saint
Peter
to
let
you
into
Paradise
,
that
you
may
look
down
into
Hell
,
and
see
how
the
Devils
do
revenge
us
of
those
miscreant
Turks
who
have
so
barbarously
treated
us
.
During
all
these
Harangues
,
Osman
Chelebi
was
attending
at
our
Landlords
house
,
otherwise
the
last
good
Gentleman
durst
not
have
used
that
expression
in
his
presence
.
As
soon
as
the
body
was
interr'd
,
Osman
came
up
to
us
,
and
told
us
,
That
if
we
pleased
he
would
go
before
the
next
morning
,
to
see
what
condition
his
Family
was
in
,
and
prepare
for
our
reception
:
We
consented
,
and
he
departed
before
day
with
a
Guide
,
which
he
sent
back
for
us
with
horses
about
Noon
:
We
mounted
immediately
,
and
passed
on
under
the
Conduct
of
our
Calaous
or
Guide
.
Our
Virtuosi
(
who
had
imployed
themselves
very
studiously
in
taking
an
account
of
the
Country
)
found
that
those
Cabbins
which
we
left
,
were
not
far
from
the
place
where
formerly
stood
the
Town
of
Cephale
,
so
famous
among
the
Ancients
for
the
Veneration
which
its
Inhabitants
had
for
Castor
and
Pollux
;
which
Town
was
of
the
Acamantide
Tribe
;
the
People
of
Athens
being
divided
into
Ten
Tribes
,
as
the
Romans
were
into
thirty
five
,
and
the
Jewes
into
twelve
.
We
left
on
our
right
hand
towards
the
East
the
Port
de
Raphti
called
formerly
Potamus
,
of
the
Leontide
Tribe
.
Pausanias
observed
nothing
in
it
remarkable
but
the
Tomb
of
one
of
the
Sons
of
Xuthus
:
But
the
Inhabitants
were
of
old
great
Subjects
of
the
Raillery
and
Comedy
of
the
Athenians
by
reason
of
their
giddiness
and
inconstancy
in
their
Election
of
Magistrates
:
In
short
,
the
place
to
which
we
were
to
go
,
was
a
little
on
the
other
side
of
th●
Mountain
Anchesmus
which
was
then
in
ou●
Eye
.
This
Mountain
was
covered
with
Thickets
and
little
Woods
,
abounding
wit●
great
store
of
Bears
and
wild
Bores
,
whic●
made
it
taken
notice
of
at
Constantinople
whereas
among
the
Ancients
it
was
memorable
only
for
a
Statue
of
Jupiter
that
wa●
set
upon
the
top
of
it
.
When
the
Gran●
Visier
had
perswaded
the
Grand
Signior
t●
leave
Andrinople
and
remove
into
Greec●
that
he
might
be
nearer
his
Affairs
in
Candid
and
by
his
proximity
give
more
life
an●
vigour
to
the
Siege
;
he
proposed
to
him
fo●
the
places
of
his
Residence
,
either
Larissa
o●
Athens
;
and
to
invite
him
to
the
election
o●
Athens
,
they
inculcated
the
great
convenience
for
his
Hunting
(
which
is
his
chiefest
delight
)
and
the
vast
store
of
Gam●
wherewith
Anchesmus
would
furnish
him
▪
But
the
Grand
Signior
had
the
same
accommodation
at
Larissa
from
the
Mountains
o●
Thessaly
,
and
therefore
in
that
respect
,
th●
Arguments
being
equal
in
both
places
,
h●
rejected
Athens
,
for
fear
the
Venetians
●
who
were
Masters
at
Sea
,
should
come
an●
block
up
Porto-Lione
,
and
in
bravery
b●
tempted
to
land
in
some
place
under
hi●
nose
to
his
insufferable
dishonour
.
On
the
other
side
of
the
Mountain
Anchesmus
we
met
Osman
Chelebi
who
was
come
to
receive
us
attended
with
a
couple
of
Slaves
:
we
found
him
very
jolly
and
pleasant
,
having
found
his
Wife
well
,
and
his
Affairs
in
a
good
condition
;
as
a
testimony
of
it
,
he
paid
us
down
upon
the
Nail
in
the
very
Field
where
he
met
us
,
the
money
which
we
had
laid
out
for
his
ransom
,
gave
us
a
thousand
thanks
,
and
told
us
he
had
fixed
our
Caunac
(
or
Quarters
)
for
a
fortnight
at
his
own
house
,
and
that
afterwards
he
would
assist
us
in
our
journey
.
He
carried
us
directly
home
to
a
Country-house
,
in
a
place
called
Emporion
,
which
is
the
Greek
word
for
a
Fair
;
for
by
relation
,
there
was
formerly
a
great
Fair
kept
there
,
which
was
long
since
removed
to
Raphti
.
The
house
belonged
to
Osman's
Father
in
Law
,
after
the
rate
of
propriety
in
Turkie
;
for
to
speak
strictly
,
among
the
Turks
there
is
no
such
thing
,
Houses
,
and
Lands
,
and
immoveable
Goods
devolve
still
to
the
Grand
Signior
,
and
the
Occupant
is
only
his
Steward
,
and
is
changed
as
often
as
the
Grand
Signior
pleases
.
Nevertheless
,
if
a
man
has
friends
at
Court
,
he
may
be
sure
to
renew
,
and
Estates
do
often
pass
by
that
means
from
Father
to
Son
;
but
if
they
have
no
friends
,
they
must
march
and
give
room
to
another
.
Osman's
Father
in
Law
was
a
jolly
old
Gentleman
,
he
had
been
formerly
Bey
o●
Negrepont
,
but
his
age
having
rendered
him
unserviceable
,
he
was
retired
to
spend
the
rest
of
his
days
with
his
Wife
,
and
two
Maiden-daughters
,
besides
that
which
Osman
had
married
.
He
had
two
Sons
,
bu●
they
were
both
at
the
Siege
of
Candy
with
the
Grand
Visier
.
It
is
reckoned
very
dishonourable
for
young
men
,
in
those
parts
,
to
live
quietly
at
home
,
though
in
the
nature
of
Citizens
,
when
the
Army
is
so
near
;
so
that
we
saw
scarce
one
Turk
that
was
not
dispenced
with
by
reason
of
his
age
,
infirmities
,
or
employments
.
Osman's
Father
in
Law
(
who
was
called
Mustapha
Bey
)
received
us
with
great
kindness
in
regard
of
his
Son
in
Law
,
who
had
magnified
his
obligations
to
us
.
To
do
us
the
more
honour
Mustapha
Bey
had
sent
for
three
or
four
of
his
Neighbour
Turks
to
entertain
us
,
which
was
a
mighty
punctilio
:
for
in
those
parts
Turks
are
so
rare
,
that
for
one
of
them
you
shall
see
five
hundred
Greeks
,
besides
the
Arnautes
:
As
you
come
nearer
Constantinople
their
numbers
increase
,
and
in
Asia
you
shall
meet
as
many
Turks
for
one
Grecian
.
Mustapha
Bey
accosted
us
very
pleasantly
in
the
Language
of
the
Franks
;
His
Complement
was
this
,
In
your
Country
we
Turks
do
pass
for
very
barbarous
people
;
and
truly
as
it
happens
I
am
not
at
all
●roubled
at
your
prejudice
against
us
.
For
were
you
not
already
possessed
of
our
ill
Manners
,
you
could
not
so
easily
pardon
●he
ill
entertainment
that
you
are
like
to
●ncounter
.
He
left
us
with
his
Son
in
Law
●nd
his
four
Neighbours
,
who
conducted
●s
into
a
fair
Hall
,
in
the
forepart
of
the
●ouse
;
for
you
must
know
all
their
Houses
●re
divided
into
two
apartments
;
that
●hich
is
forward
,
for
the
Men
;
that
which
●
backward
for
the
Women
,
who
without
●eing
seen
may
pass
privately
to
the
Mens
●partment
,
and
by
the
help
of
little
Galle●es
and
Lettices
behold
all
that
is
done
●mong
the
Men.
With
inferiour
people
●●eir
apartments
are
less
,
and
the
women
are
●ore
shie
and
unwilling
to
be
seen
to
a
●●ranger
.
Our
Fellow-Travellers
,
in
their
whole
●ur
,
had
not
seen
any
gravity
comparable
●
the
gravity
in
our
four
Turks
;
no
coun●●nance
could
be
more
composed
,
nor
no
●●scourse
more
formal
and
starch'd
.
And
●nly
if
they
find
a
Christian
observes
them
,
●●e
Spaniard
himself
is
nothing
so
serious
;
●●t
when
they
are
among
themselves
they
are
like
other
men
,
as
flippant
and
men●
as
we
for
our
lives
.
According
to
the●●
custom
,
Perfumes
were
brought
in
by
certain
of
their
Slaves
,
who
threw
a
kind
o●
Napkin
over
each
of
our
heads
,
that
(
forsooth
)
the
odour
might
not
so
quickly
evaporate
.
They
presented
us
with
tw●
sorts
of
Liquor
,
one
they
called
Coffee
which
is
only
hot
water
with
the
Fruit
o●
a
certain
Tree
(
called
by
them
Bun
)
put
i●
to
it
,
and
boiled
up
till
it
receives
a
so●●
taste
,
and
an
ugly
black
tincture
,
but
they
re●kon
it
an
Excellent
Cordial
;
the
other
w●●
Sherbet
,
which
is
a
kind
of
Lemonad●
Wax
being
very
plentiful
about
Athen●
they
make
little
use
of
any
lights
but
Wi●●
Candles
of
five
or
six
foot
long
.
We
ha●●
but
one
among
us
,
but
it
was
so
large
as
●
lighted
the
whole
room
.
The
Soffa
w●●
covered
indeed
with
very
good
Tapestry
●
but
the
Walls
were
as
the
Mason
had
le●
them
;
they
think
themselves
extraordin●ry
fine
when
they
have
them
painted
wi●●
Flowers
;
for
the
Figures
of
Men
are
n●●
consistent
with
the
Religion
of
a
Mahum●tan
.
Upon
the
Soffa
,
in
order
to
supp●●●
were
placed
two
Round
Tables
,
each
●
them
about
a
foot
high
,
which
to
Stra●gers
is
a
great
incommodity
,
for
they
a●●
forced
to
sit
cross-legg'd
,
and
we
began
a●●
of
us
to
be
afraid
of
that
posture
.
To
mortifie
us
the
more
,
whilst
we
were
standing
in
our
dumps
,
a
great
Platter
of
Rice
was
brought
in
,
and
clapp'd
upon
the
Table
before
any
Cloth
,
Napkins
,
or
Trenchers
were
laid
,
(
for
among
them
they
are
altogether
superfluous
)
They
have
a
long
List
of
striped
Cotton
Cloth
that
runs
round
the
Table
,
and
serves
any
that
has
a
mind
to
it
,
to
wipe
his
mouth
and
his
hands
.
For
Plates
,
and
Salts
,
and
Forks
,
they
are
utterly
unknown
:
They
say
that
whatever
is
big
enough
for
a
Table
,
is
big
enough
also
for
a
Trencher
;
and
that
Saltsellers
do
always
suppose
ill
Cooks
;
against
Forks
their
objection
is
no
less
weighty
,
for
,
say
they
,
what
is
it
less
than
to
repine
at
Heaven
,
and
be
unsatisfied
with
what
Nature
has
given
us
,
to
make
use
of
other
fingers
than
those
with
which
we
were
born
?
The
little
meat
in
the
Platter
each
of
them
took
up
in
his
hand
,
and
biting
off
two
or
three
good
morsels
,
they
put
it
in
again
,
and
then
told
us
very
civilly
,
that
if
we
pleased
,
we
might
do
as
much
;
but
that
great
priviledge
,
considered
with
all
their
other
circumstances
of
neatness
,
could
not
prevail
with
our
appetites
in
the
least
.
We
had
not
been
long
at
it
before
the
Dish
was
taken
off
the
Table
,
under
pretence
of
warming
it
again
,
during
which
time
we
were
desired
to
take
a
turn
in
another
Room
to
which
Mustapha
Bey
,
Osman
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Turks
accompanied
us
.
Ou●
Conversation
was
very
dry
;
the
Turks
stoo●
still
fixed
to
their
places
,
and
would
no●
endure
to
walk
:
Having
spoke
each
of
them
three
or
four
words
,
they
held
their
peace●
and
continued
in
most
profound
silence
fo●
a
long
time
;
about
a
quarter
of
an
hou●
after
,
one
of
them
began
an
Harangue
,
bu●
stopped
before
he
had
spoken
ten
words
●
and
was
as
silent
as
before
;
at
length
the●
fell
to
their
Beads
(
for
the
Turks
have
thei●
Chaplets
also
,
and
do
pronounce
Alla
a●
the
dropping
of
each
of
their
Beads
)
I
wis●
with
all
my
heart
you
had
been
a
spectato●
of
Drelingston's
mortification
;
he
that
before
was
all
life
and
fire
,
stood
now
as
h●
had
been
nailed
to
the
Wall
,
cursing
in
hi●
thoughts
the
manners
of
that
Countr●
which
were
so
cold
,
and
insipid
,
and
so
directly
contrary
to
ours
.
He
told
me
privately
that
he
was
weary
,
and
that
h●
would
get
off
as
well
as
he
could
,
and
entertain
himself
somewhere
else
;
accordingly
he
shrunk
from
us
,
and
was
stealing
ou●
at
the
door
:
But
the
Turks
stopt
him
,
an●
thinking
the
past
raillery
sufficient
,
Mustapha
Bey
put
up
his
Beads
,
and
carried
u●
back
into
the
Room
that
we
had
left
,
where
we
found
a
Table
spread
,
and
a
supper
ready
,
as
good
meat
,
as
well
dressed
,
and
in
as
good
order
as
we
could
have
it
in
France
.
The
Christian
Slaves
had
shown
the
utmost
of
their
skill
,
and
had
borrow'd
of
the
Greeks
what
was
wanting
in
their
own
conveniences
.
Wine
we
had
good
store
;
the
Turks
indeed
drank
none
of
it
that
day
,
but
they
made
it
up
in
their
Rossolis
,
and
the
whole
Company
was
in
a
very
good
humour
.
The
Glass
went
merrily
about
,
and
the
word
Eskina
(
which
is
with
them
a
Good
health
to
you
)
was
often
repeated
,
and
answered
with
Afietler
,
I
thank
you
,
Sir
.
Mustapha
had
given
private
Orders
,
that
his
Wifes
she
Slaves
should
appear
suddenly
at
a
little
Window
that
opened
into
the
Hall
.
Osman
told
us
in
our
Ears
,
that
his
Wife
and
her
Sisters
had
a
mighty
curiosity
to
see
us
,
and
it
was
possible
would
be
peeping
.
We
cast
our
eyes
very
often
up
to
the
Window
,
and
could
see
sometimes
the
faces
of
Women
,
which
immediately
slunk
away
laughing
.
Our
curiosity
to
see
them
kept
our
Eyes
fixt
upon
the
Window
,
whilst
in
the
mean
time
they
played
us
several
little
tricks
.
The
Slaves
that
were
waiting
whipt
away
our
Plates
full
of
excellent
Ragouts
that
they
had
given
us
,
and
stole
into
their
stead
the
stalks
of
Coleworts
and
Turneps
,
and
little
Kittlings
newly
born
;
whilst
our
eyes
being
fixed
upon
the
window
,
we
put
them
up
to
our
mouths
before
some
of
us
perceived
the
change
.
Not
long
after
,
the
Women
began
to
sing
;
their
Airs
were
soft
and
languishing
,
according
to
their
way
,
but
their
voices
excellent
,
to
which
they
added
the
sound
of
little
Brass
Drums
(
and
they
plaid
musically
and
well
.
)
They
danced
likewise
in
Complement
to
us
,
but
it
was
behind
the
Lattice
,
so
that
our
Eyes
had
but
little
pleasure
in
the
entertainment
.
In
a
word
,
never
people
were
more
pleasantly
treated
;
for
repasts
among
the
Turks
being
generally
poor
and
niggardly
,
they
lay
it
on
upon
these
occasions
,
and
are
never
so
frolick
▪
nor
will
they
ever
refuse
to
be
treated
by
a
Christian
.
One
of
the
four
Turks
had
brought
along
with
him
a
Son
of
his
about
six
or
seven
years
old
,
and
a
very
pretty
Child
:
His
Father
took
it
up
in
his
Arms
▪
and
hugging
it
,
said
to
it
,
My
Child
,
is
you
desire
to
be
happy
whilst
you
live
,
remember
to
do
two
things
as
often
as
you
can
,
that
is
,
to
pray
like
a
Turk
,
and
feed
like
a
Christian
.
In
this
manner
we
passed
away
our
time
with
extraordinary
mirth
,
till
one
of
ou●
Italians
remembring
it
was
the
Holy
Week
▪
began
to
take
up
,
and
admonish
us
to
be
more
serious
:
I
believe
also
we
had
forgot
our
Journey
to
Athens
,
had
not
on
good
Friday
the
19.
of
April
a
Messenger
on
horseback
arrived
to
us
from
our
Captain
,
with
news
,
that
he
would
send
his
Pinnace
for
us
a
little
above
the
Port
de
Raphti
,
to
bring
us
to
him
at
the
Port
de
Zea
;
for
having
adjusted
his
differences
with
the
Officers
at
Athens
,
he
staid
only
for
us
,
and
as
soon
as
we
came
he
would
set
sail
,
which
put
us
upon
thoughts
of
our
return
.
We
regal'd
the
Ladies
of
the
house
,
and
in
the
name
of
our
fraternity
presented
them
with
a
handsom
Clock
(
that
we
had
brought
on
purpose
,
if
we
liked
our
entertainment
)
and
some
other
little
things
.
When
we
took
our
leaves
,
Osman
Chelebi
assured
us
,
he
would
make
us
a
visit
e're
long
at
Athens
:
He
acquainted
us
that
it
was
his
resolution
to
repair
to
Candia
,
and
make
use
of
his
Friends
about
the
Visier
to
be
restored
to
his
Timariotship
,
which
was
given
to
another
during
his
absence
.
In
the
Turkish
Army
nothing
but
sickness
can
excuse
any
Man
from
being
present
at
his
Command
;
and
most
commonly
,
when
unable
(
by
reason
of
sickness
)
to
serve
in
person
,
they
oblige
him
to
find
another
;
in
short
,
we
parted
with
Osman
in
hopes
of
seeing
him
suddenly
again
,
taking
our
way
upon
the
Coast
,
and
leaving
Raphti
to
the
North
West
.
Our
Boat
attended
us
in
a
Creek
where
no
Inhabitants
were
near
,
it
lies
S.W.
of
the
Isle
of
Negrepont
,
at
the
end
of
a
Canal
or
River
that
bears
the
Name
of
the
Island
,
and
was
famous
in
Ancient
Times
under
the
name
of
the
Euripus
.
Our
Boat
passed
within
less
than
a
League
of
Raphti
,
which
(
as
I
said
before
)
was
called
anciently
Potamus
,
and
is
denominated
from
the
multitude
of
Fountains
thereabouts
,
which
make
several
little
Brooks
,
and
fall
all
in
together
at
Raphti
.
The
Harbour
at
Raphti
is
the
safest
in
all
Greece
,
good
anchoring
,
and
seven
or
eight
fathom
water
;
but
its
excellence
consists
in
the
shelter
,
being
covered
round
by
a
small
Island
,
which
leaves
only
as
much
space
open
as
is
necessary
for
the
entrance
of
a
Ship
.
Upon
the
point
of
this
Island
,
there
is
a
large
Figure
of
Marble
(
of
which
I
shall
bring
you
the
design
)
and
another
Statue
upon
a
little
eminence
hard
by
,
but
the
best
anchoring
is
under
a
little
low
Island
that
lies
within
the
Port.
Having
left
Raphti
to
the
North
,
we
avoided
the
Sand-banks
which
are
very
dangerous
,
and
lye
to
the
N.E.
of
Macrinosi
,
called
by
the
Italians
Isola
Longa
,
which
is
the
same
with
the
Greeks
.
It
is
in
length
two
Leagues
,
and
runs
from
the
N.
E.
to
the
S.
W.
It
was
called
anciently
the
Island
of
Helen
,
because
Helen
landed
there
in
her
return
from
Troy
.
It
is
inhabited
only
by
Calogers
which
live
there
with
great
austerity
.
From
Macronisi
we
directed
our
Course
to
Zea
,
which
is
an
Island
that
lies
S.
E.
and
N.
W.
with
the
other
.
We
saw
our
Ship
preparing
and
under
sail
to
pass
into
the
Gulf
of
Engia
;
and
we
were
no
sooner
on
board
,
but
she
made
all
the
way
she
could
thither
:
About
three
hours
after
with
our
Perspective-Glasses
we
could
discover
the
Coast
of
Macyna
or
Munychia
that
is
not
above
a
league
from
Athens
.
ATHENS
Ancient
and
Modern
:
WITH
A
DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
PRESENT
STATE
OF
THE
EMPIRE
OF
THE
TURKS
.
Book
II.
THe
Gulf
of
Engia
is
that
which
anciently
was
called
the
Saronick
Gulf
from
the
River
Saron
which
discharges
it self
into
it
,
on
the
West
side
towards
Hexamele
the
present
name
for
the
Isthmus
of
Corinth
.
This
Gulf
is
denominated
from
the
Isle
of
Engia
(
formerly
famous
by
the
name
of
Egina
)
and
so
powerfull
at
Sea
,
that
the
Inhabitants
of
that
Island
were
once
in
a
condition
to
dispute
for
Soveraignty
with
Athens
it self
.
The
length
of
the
Island
is
near
four
and
twenty
leagues
,
bounded
on
the
East
by
Saint
George
d'
Arbora
that
lies
in
the
mouth
of
it
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
ruines
of
the
Castle
of
Policastro
,
which
is
but
two
leagues
from
Corinth
.
From
the
Cape
de
Colomnes
to
Porto-Lione
is
twelve
leagues
,
and
they
lie
S.
E.
and
N.
W.
one
of
another
.
This
Coast
has
been
so
much
infested
by
the
Christian
Corsairs
,
especially
since
the
Wars
in
Candia
,
that
their
habitations
at
present
are
all
removed
a
full
league
from
the
Sea
.
Our
Modern
Geographers
injure
them
as
much
,
for
't
is
strange
that
a
Gulf
so
famous
in
old
times
among
the
Ancients
,
should
at
present
be
utterly
forgotten
,
and
that
our
Maps
should
agree
so
little
about
the
position
of
Laurion
,
Munichia
,
Salamis
and
Egina
.
We
have
affirmed
that
Laurion
lies
three
leagues
to
the
Westward
of
the
Cape
de
Colomnes
,
and
convinced
those
Maps
of
errour
which
have
placed
it
on
the
side
of
the
Euripus
,
and
this
we
have
done
,
not
only
by
the
sight
of
the
Mountain
of
which
Thucydides
makes
mention
when
he
speaks
of
the
other
,
but
also
by
●he
nature
of
the
ground
where
formerly
●here
were
Silver
Mines
;
for
some
of
our
Virtuosi
caused
several
pieces
of
that
Earth
to
be
brought
to
them
,
and
found
in
the
darkness
of
the
colour
,
in
the
weight
and
dissolution
,
all
the
qualities
of
Ore
,
and
Earth
mingled
with
Veins
of
Silver
.
When
our
Vessel
was
North
and
South
of
the
Mountain
of
Laurion
,
we
could
see
the
Sands
upon
the
Shore
,
and
the
sharp
Rooks
in
the
Island
of
Engia
,
which
render
it
●naccessible
on
all
sides
but
the
North-West
where
the
Town
is
placed
that
gives
name
to
the
Island
;
the
condition
of
which
City
●
shall
give
you
more
conveniently
here●fter
.
The
length
of
the
Island
from
East
●o
West
is
five
good
leagues
;
the
breadth
●n
the
widest
place
is
but
three
:
It
lies
ex●ctly
in
the
midst
of
the
Gulf
,
and
the
Gulf
●s
twelve
leagues
over
:
As
soon
as
we
were
●n
the
Canal
,
we
had
a
sight
of
Phalerum
●he
Old
Port
of
Athens
,
before
Themisto●les
advised
to
fortifie
the
other
.
There
●s
now
nothing
left
about
that
Harbour
but
●hree
or
four
Cabbins
,
forsaken
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
pulled
down
and
ruined
by
the
Corsaires
:
The
anchoring
is
very
good
,
and
a
Ship
ride
in
it
at
ten
or
twelve
fathom
water
:
Upon
the
Banks
there
are
several
Excellent
Springs
to
which
the
Ship●
that
pass
by
do
frequently
send
for
fre●
water
.
From
this
Phalerum
to
Athens
i●
but
a
league
and
a
quarter
,
and
in
that
plac●
the
City
is
nearest
the
Sea
.
Our
Captai●
had
much
ado
to
restrain
our
Gallants
,
wh●
would
fain
have
been
landing
at
Phaleru●
because
the
Learned
Museus
who
invente●
the
Sphere
,
and
discovered
to
us
the
use
o●
it
,
was
buried
there
about
three
thousan●
years
since
.
Drelingston
declared
that
h●
had
come
from
Orleans
to
Paris
on
purpos●
to
see
in
the
Church
of
St.
Nicholas
d●
Champs
the
Tomb
of
the
Excellent
Gassendus
,
who
in
his
Astronomical
Observation
●
has
followed
the
footsteps
of
the
said
M●seus
,
and
that
with
the
same
curiousity
h●
had
visited
in
the
Church
of
Saint
Gen●viesve
the
Tomb
of
the
incomparable
do●
Cartes
,
whose
new
Hypothesis
is
the
wonder
and
envy
of
all
Scholars
.
He
affirme●
it
was
an
honour
due
to
the
memory
of
grea●
persons
,
and
that
the
Emperour
Charle●
V.
being
in
the
Low
Countries
,
disdained
not
to
visit
the
Sepulchre
of
Buckeldi●
the
famous
fisher
for
Herrings
,
who
firs●
found
out
the
way
of
keeping
them
i●
pickle
,
and
salting
them
;
and
as
if
his
ow●
●●ngle
visit
had
been
too
little
,
he
took
a●ong
with
him
his
Sister
Mary
Queen
of
●ungaria
.
About
a
quarter
of
league
Westward
,
●n
the
bank
of
the
River
is
to
be
seen
the
●lace
where
formerly
was
the
Fortress
of
Munychia
so
often
mentioned
in
History
●or
the
beauty
of
its
Harbour
,
and
the
Temple
of
Diana
.
The
most
part
of
our
Maps
do
place
Mu●ychia
four
leagues
from
Phalerum
,
mista●ing
its
distance
,
and
Angle
of
position
.
●t
is
called
at
present
Macyna
,
but
deserted
●s
the
rest
of
those
Towns
are
.
It
is
situa●ed
so
as
to
hinder
the
sight
of
the
other
Harbour
where
we
designed
to
have
come
●o
an
anchor
,
but
the
wind
rising
,
we
were
●riven
upon
the
Isle
of
Salamis
called
now
●ndifferently
Colouri
,
and
Santa
Broussia
:
The
Proverb
sayes
,
It
is
an
ill
wind
that
●lows
no
body
profit
;
and
it
was
verified
with
us
,
for
our
Virtuosi
had
a
great
cu●iosity
to
be
peeping
about
that
Island
,
be●ause
it
was
of
old
under
the
Dominion
of
Telamon
and
Ajax
,
and
was
famous
for
the
●irth
of
Euripides
,
and
the
defeat
of
Xerxes
●is
Fleet
:
But
the
weather
was
bad
,
and
continued
so
all
Easter
day
,
so
that
we
could
●ot
get
a
shore
as
we
desired
.
Easter
day
was
Celebrated
very
devoutly
,
the
whole
crew
were
at
publick
Pray●●
with
great
decency
and
attention
:
O●●
two
Germans
being
Lutherans
,
did
thei●
Exercises
of
Piety
by
themselves
:
Thei●
Easter
day
,
and
the
Greeks
falling
out
tha●
Year
on
the
same
day
with
ours
,
with
th●
difference
only
,
that
they
reckoned
it
th●
Eleventh
,
and
we
the
One
and
twentieth
●
April
.
We
came
to
an
anchor
betwixt
the
littl●
Isle
of
Psytalle
(
which
indeed
is
but
a
Rock
●
and
the
Island
of
Colouri
.
The
Rock
●
Scyradion
lying
East
of
us
,
towards
th●
Coast
of
Athens
.
I
shall
not
trouble
〈◊〉
self
to
tell
you
the
great
noise
that
Psyt●●
and
Scyradion
made
formerly
among
th●
Ancients
,
for
I
am
now
in
a
place
so
ferti●
in
Miracles
,
I
need
no
more
than
ask
whe●
you
would
have
me
begin
.
We
could
easily
perceive
the
Rock
calle●
Ceras
,
upon
the
point
where
the
Canal
〈◊〉
Colouri
is
most
narrow
,
and
nearest
th●
Country
belonging
to
the
Ancient
Eleu●●
and
Megara
,
which
Rock
is
memorable
fo●
being
the
place
where
Xerxes
upon
his
Si●ver
Throne
beheld
the
Battel
betwixt
hi●
Fleet
and
the
Grecian
.
To
the
N.
E.
of
this
Rock
there
is
●
good
Harbour
called
Porto-Longo
,
or
th●
Harbour
for
the
Gallies
.
Here
there
is
con●tantly
a
passage-Boat
that
goes
from
Co●●uri
to
Athens
and
back
again
,
the
di●tance
betwixt
them
being
no
more
than
●wo
leagues
.
The
next
morning
being
the
22.
of
April
,
●ur
Troop
of
Travellers
put
themselves
on
●oard
a
Shallop
to
go
ashore
at
Coluri
:
I
●ore
them
Company
,
and
we
came
into
a
●arrow
Creek
to
the
Southward
of
the
Isle
:
We
landed
at
the
farther
end
of
the
Creek
,
where
we
found
about
a
hundred
Caves
,
●nd
about
twice
as
many
pittifull
Cabbins
,
which
is
all
they
have
to
show
for
their
Capital
City
,
and
is
the
miserable
remain●er
of
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Ajax
.
The
●umber
of
the
Inhabitants
amounts
not
to
●bove
four
hundred
:
When
ever
they
decry
a
Vessel
at
Sea
(
though
never
so
small
)
●hey
betake
themselves
immediately
to
their
●oles
,
and
if
possible
,
those
holes
that
are
●●rthest
off
,
for
fear
it
should
prove
a
Cor●aire
,
by
whom
they
are
frequently
visited
,
●arried
off
,
and
sold
in
foreign
Countries
:
They
no
sooner
perceived
us
,
but
they
fled
●n
mighty
confusion
,
and
we
could
easily
●ear
the
noise
which
they
made
in
driving
●heir
Cattel
,
and
forcing
them
into
their
Caves
.
One
of
our
Company
over-took
●n
old
man
whose
legs
were
too
feeble
to
●arry
him
off
;
we
comforted
and
convinced
him
by
our
Caresses
and
Behaviour
that
●
were
no
Corsaires
,
insomuch
that
he
carri●●
us
to
the
mouth
of
a
Cavern
,
and
havi●●
secured
them
upon
his
word
,
five
or
six
●
the
Islanders
came
out
to
us
:
We
used
the●●
kindly
,
demanding
Victualls
only
for
o●
Money
,
and
something
we
gave
them
o●●
and
above
;
upon
which
a
Signal
being
●ven
,
the
Men
and
Cattel
,
and
all
began
●
appear
:
We
bought
very
good
Partrid●●
at
the
rate
of
a
Timin
a
douzen
,
and
as
●
were
told
we
bought
them
too
dear
;
th●●
the
Timins
were
currant
,
but
they
told
●
they
would
not
pass
at
Athens
,
(
where
th●
were
cryed
down
,
because
the
Italian
M●●chants
had
brought
thither
great
quantiti●
of
false
,
which
they
had
coyned
private
●
upon
the
Mountains
of
Genoa
)
howev●●
they
knew
how
to
put
them
off
in
the
Is●●
of
the
Archipelago
.
They
brought
us
●
feed
in
a
little
Church
,
but
the
Vicar
w●
gone
to
Athens
.
We
scrupled
it
much
,
a●
told
them
,
that
to
eat
there
could
not
consist
with
our
reverence
for
the
place
:
The●
were
much
pleased
at
our
preciseness
,
b●
told
us
,
That
seeing
it
was
God
that
ga●●
us
to
eat
,
they
saw
no
reason
why
we
shou●●
refuse
to
make
use
of
it
in
his
house
.
T●●
Wine
they
provided
was
indifferently
goo●
but
their
water
was
excellent
,
and
fetch●●
from
a
spring
not
far
from
the
Church
:
But
these
poor
wretches
have
cursed
that
Spring
a
thousand
times
,
for
being
the
occasion
of
so
many
Visits
from
the
Corsaires
.
I
do
not
question
but
in
our
walk
we
met
(
though
we
did
not
know
it
)
with
the
Closet
where
Euripides
composed
some
of
his
Tragedies
;
for
History
tells
us
,
that
for
fear
of
interruption
,
he
made
them
in
one
of
the
privatest
Caverns
of
the
Island
,
and
we
saw
good
store
of
them
.
Euripides
was
born
in
this
Island
of
a
poor
Woman
,
who
got
her
living
by
selling
of
Herbs
:
to
expiate
the
meanness
of
his
Extraction
,
he
came
to
Athens
,
where
he
studied
Physick
under
Anaxagoras
,
Rhetorick
under
Prodicus
,
and
Morality
under
Socrates
;
so
that
in
that
Age
Learning
was
necessary
to
compleat
and
adapt
any
thing
for
the
Stage
.
We
returned
to
our
Ship
again
about
ten
of
the
Clock
,
where
we
found
the
Consul
of
Genoa
and
his
Dragoman
or
Interpreter
(
for
every
Consul
has
one
allowed
him
,
to
facilitate
his
Negotiations
with
the
Turks
)
our
Captain
agreed
with
them
concerning
the
ordinary
Duties
that
each
Vessel
pays
at
Porto-Lione
,
that
is
to
say
,
two
per
Cent.
to
the
Consul
;
as
much
to
the
Dragoman
,
and
three
per
Cent.
to
the
Vaywode
,
who
is
the
Master
of
the
Custom-house
at
Athen●
They
agreed
likewise
about
the
Presents
●
be
made
to
the
Turkish
Officers
,
and
part●cularly
to
the
Cady
,
who
having
a
powe●
to
lay
what
Tax
he
pleases
upon
Merchan●
Goods
that
are
brought
into
that
Harbou●
by
Strangers
,
does
many
times
use
hi●
own
Liberty
,
and
act
without
any
regar●
to
justice
if
he
be
not
presented
.
Fro●
Athens
the
Commodities
exported
are
pri●cipally
Silks
,
Oyls
,
Skins
,
and
a
kind
●
Gauls
which
in
times
of
Peace
the
Ve●tians
buy
in
great
quantities
,
and
use
in
d●ing
.
If
a
Ship
puts
into
that
Harbour●
though
it
neither
buys
nor
sells
,
nor
exercises
any
sort
of
Commerce
,
yet
it
pay
●
Crown
for
anchoring
to
the
Consul
of
i●
own
Country
;
but
paying
two
per
Cen●
the
Consul
is
obliged
to
look
after
thei●
Effects
,
and
to
a
particular
care
of
the
Interest
of
their
Nation
.
He
is
Judge
,
an●
determines
in
all
Controversies
about
Trad●
betwixt
the
Merchants
of
that
Country
b●
whom
he
is
imployed
:
He
is
the
Chi●●
Person
concerned
to
extend
their
Jurisdict●on
,
and
vindicate
their
Priviledges
:
〈◊〉
short
,
his
Authority
is
so
considerable
,
tha●
it
is
the
occasion
of
great
jealousies
,
an●
many
times
the
ruine
of
the
Competiton
▪
For
those
Christian
Countries
(
who
hav●
no
Ambassador
nor
Resident
at
Constantinople
,
and
are
constrained
to
put
themselves
under
the
protection
of
some
setled
and
established
Consul
)
are
in
perpetual
difference
,
and
obliged
to
be
continually
presenting
and
greasing
the
Bassa's
and
Sangiac's
to
countermine
their
Competitors
:
And
it
is
no
small
part
of
the
cunning
of
the
Turkish
Officers
to
seem
to
incline
to
one
Nation
,
to
spur
up
the
rest
in
their
Contributions
.
By
this
Artifice
they
squeez
Money
out
of
the
Merchants
of
all
Countries
,
pretending
sometimes
to
take
cognizance
of
their
disputes
,
and
to
bring
them
before
their
Turkish
Tribunals
,
and
the
surest
way
to
divert
them
is
to
present
them
liberally
.
The
Armenians
do
likewise
create
us
much
trouble
,
for
having
no
right
of
Consulship
of
their
own
,
the
other
Consuls
repine
to
do
their
business
,
which
turns
often
to
their
ruine
.
Formerly
there
was
only
the
Emperours
Ambassaddor
Resident
at
Constantinople
,
and
he
medled
not
in
matters
of
Trade
;
but
for
these
four
or
five
years
,
since
the
taking
of
Newhausel
,
and
the
peace
that
followed
thereupon
,
a
Company
was
erected
in
Vienna
that
Traded
by
the
Danube
into
Turky
,
and
the
Emperours
Ambassador
there
invested
with
the
priviledges
of
the
Consulship
;
for
in
that
Court
there
are
no
other
Consuls
,
but
Ambassadors
and
Residents
.
The
French
Nation
being
allowed
a
Church
in
Athens
;
for
the
maintenance
o●
it
,
every
French
Vessel
is
forced
to
pay
five
Crowns
,
besides
what
the
Vaywood
exact
of
us
more
than
of
other
Nations
:
But
't
is
probable
the
Reputation
of
our
King
,
and
his
Arms
,
and
the
prudence
of
our
Ambsassadours
will
put
a
stop
to
their
Extortio●
in
a
short
time
:
Nevertheless
hitherto
thi●
has
been
no
advantage
to
the
Affairs
of
ou●
Consul
Monsieur
Chastagner
,
though
he
retains
the
Title
and
Priviledges
of
Consu●
of
Morea
,
and
has
under
him
Vice-Consul
at
Patras
,
Napoli
,
and
other
places
;
upo●
which
score
he
is
about
resigning
to
one
o●
his
Brothers
:
All
charges
born
,
the
Consulship
brings
him
not
in
clearly
above
fiv●
hundred
Franks
per
Annum
.
He
complained
much
of
Monsieur
Giraud
,
attributin●
most
of
our
losses
in
that
nature
to
his
private
intelligence
with
several
Merchants
o●
other
Nations
,
by
which
they
have
bee●
perswaded
to
commit
their
Affairs
to
th●
Protection
of
the
English
Consul
,
to
th●
no
small
detriment
of
our
own
:
And
doubtless
it
will
be
much
worse
if
Girau●
be
made
Consul
for
Genoa
,
as
I
was
advised
he
would
be
before
I
came
from
Athens
;
whereupon
I
took
a
resolution
,
and
was
much
incouraged
in
it
by
my
friends
.
The
love
and
interest
of
my
Country
working
strongly
upon
my
mind
(
though
with
Monsieur
Giraud
they
seemed
utterly
forgotten
,
otherwise
he
would
never
have
promoted
the
Interest
of
another
Country
at
that
time
in
Hostility
with
France
)
I
thought
it
discretion
to
provide
in
time
against
the
Rencounters
I
might
have
with
him
.
I
considered
that
if
I
passed
for
a
Frenchman
in
Athens
,
I
should
be
obliged
in
duty
and
inclination
to
defend
the
rights
,
and
propagate
the
Interest
of
our
Consul
in
all
our
Conversations
;
and
the
little
Figure
I
made
in
the
World
,
would
add
but
little
to
the
advantage
of
my
Country
by
all
the
clutter
I
could
make
:
Besides
,
I
had
occasion
to
be
beholding
to
our
Captain
,
with
whom
that
would
have
put
me
at
variance
;
so
that
I
spake
to
all
our
Crew
to
let
me
pass
for
a
Genoese
to
avoid
those
unprofitable
Contests
,
and
they
did
as
I
desired
.
In
a
word
,
about
one
a
Clock
at
noon
we
arrived
at
Porto-lione
,
it
being
not
above
three
Leagues
from
thence
to
Coluri
;
yet
in
that
little
distance
we
observed
there
were
Currents
that
ran
directly
upon
the
Coast
.
The
Shore
at
Porto-lione
bends
into
three
several
bows
,
which
do
make
so
many
Harbours
,
all
of
them
excellent
for
anchoring
shelter
,
and
largeness
,
and
sufficient
to
justifie
the
wisdom
of
Themistocles
,
who
preferred
them
to
the
Haven
at
Phalerm
.
Fou●
hundred
Sale
of
Ships
may
ride
there
very
safe
at
nine
,
ten
,
twelve
,
and
in
some
places
at
fifteen
fathom
water
.
To
the
Westward
they
are
covered
by
the
Island
of
Belbina
,
now
called
the
Island
of
Blenda
,
no
inhabited
at
present
,
and
useful
only
in
furnishing
wood
for
the
Ships
.
Of
the
thre●
Harbours
the
middle
is
properly
Porto-lione
,
and
runs
N.
N.
E.
the
entrance
is
narrow
,
and
it
is
that
which
makes
it
so
safe
▪
Upon
the
Rocks
in
the
Sea
may
be
seen
th●
piles
of
stone
to
which
the
Chain
is
fastne
▪
for
the
stopping
up
of
the
Harbour
.
In
th●
bigger
Harbour
there
is
a
lesser
for
the
Gallies
,
and
that
is
it
which
the
Italians
ca●
Darse
,
or
Darsine
.
The
Ancients
calle●
one
of
these
three
Ports
Aphrodiston
becaus●
of
the
Temple
of
Venus
that
was
near
it
▪
another
they
called
Cantharon
from
Canth●rus
,
and
the
third
was
called
Zea
,
as
bein●
designed
for
the
unlading
of
Corn.
W●
were
no
sooner
landed
,
but
the
first
thin●
we
did
was
to
Curse
the
Romans
and
thei●
barbarous
Consul
Sylla
,
who
having
abo●●
1754
years
since
sacked
the
City
of
Athens
,
destroyed
Pyraeum
into
the
bargain
.
It
was
with
great
displeasure
we
surveyed
the
solitude
and
desolation
of
Porto-lione
;
we
were
all
of
us
inquisitive
after
the
famous
Temples
of
Jupiter
,
Minerva
,
and
Venus
,
and
the
five
Portico's
,
which
being
joined
together
,
were
called
Macra
Stoa
,
in
imitation
of
that
which
was
at
Athens
:
We
enquired
after
the
Theatre
of
Bacchus
,
of
which
Thucydides
and
Xenophon
made
men●ion
.
Of
the
Tribunal
of
Phreattys
,
and
●he
famous
Library
of
Appollicon
where
his
●ncomparable
Writings
were
found
,
which
●re
now
lost
,
and
memorable
by
nothing
●ut
the
mention
made
of
them
by
Diogenes
Laertius
.
We
enquired
after
the
magnifi●ent
Arsenal
,
a
Master-piece
of
that
inimita●le
Architect
Philo
,
for
the
admirable
con●eniences
made
for
the
receipt
and
security
●f
the
Gallies
:
after
all
which
we
required
●ery
earnestly
one
among
another
,
(
for
●esides
our selves
there
was
not
one
person
●o
be
seen
)
where
those
times
were
when
●our
or
five
hundred
Ships
sailed
out
of
●his
Port
together
:
when
multitudes
of
●eople
on
one
side
,
and
Seamen
on
the
o●her
,
were
heard
reciprocally
to
shout
out
●●ier
Agati
tuki
,
Farewell
to
you
:
Euploia
,
●
good
Voyage
to
you
:
and
Pronoia
Sozouza
,
Providence
keep
you
.
What
are
become
,
said
we
,
of
all
their
famous
Admirals
,
their
Commanders
of
Squadrons
,
and
the
two
Magistrates
which
they
called
Apostles
,
or
Commissioners
of
the
Navy
?
In
a
word
,
where
are
all
those
Trierarques
or
rich
Citizens
,
who
were
obliged
to
build
at
their
own
expence
a
certain
number
of
Ships
according
to
their
respective
Estates
?
What
a
most
excellent
order
,
and
how
beneficial
to
the
publick
was
it
,
as
soon
as
a
Citizen
was
arrived
at
an
Estate
of
18000
Livers
to
have
him
denominated
a
Trierarque
,
and
obliged
at
his
own
charge
to
set
out
a
Ship
▪
If
his
Fortune
was
double
,
he
furnished
out
two
,
but
he
was
not
constrained
to
se●
out
above
three
though
his
Estate
was
never
so
immense
.
When
there
were
no●
Citizens
enough
to
be
found
able
to
expend
18000
Livers
,
several
of
them
wer●
laid
together
,
and
built
a
Ship
among
them
▪
but
then
it
was
laid
so
impartially
that
n●
body
could
complain
.
If
any
though●
himself
aggrieved
,
he
had
no
more
to
d●
but
to
make
it
appear
that
his
Neighbou●
was
better
able
than
himself
,
and
he
tha●
was
proved
so
,
was
sure
to
be
put
in
hi●
place
.
Thus
was
this
noble
and
ingenious
people
as
it
were
distracted
betwixt
th●
love
of
Literature
and
Navigation
,
whil●
each
Parent
was
enjoined
to
teach
his
Children
both
to
Read
and
to
Swim
.
Pyraeum
had
formerly
the
glory
within
the
compass
of
its
walls
to
see
some
of
the
first
Schools
of
Philosophy
in
the
world
:
For
in
that
,
as
in
other
Countries
,
the
gross
ignorance
and
brutality
of
former
Ages
having
contracted
a
strange
depravity
and
corruption
in
their
Manners
;
in
process
of
time
there
came
forth
a
small
number
of
virtuous
and
ingenious
persons
,
who
applied
themselves
to
more
regularity
in
their
lives
,
and
to
discover
what
was
most
rare
and
obscure
in
the
nature
of
things
,
and
for
their
good
inclinations
,
and
the
happy
progress
they
made
,
were
called
Philosophers
.
I
shall
tell
you
once
for
all
,
You
must
not
be
surprized
if
you
meet
in
this
description
some
slight
and
imperfect
touches
of
the
Ancient
Philosophy
,
which
do
sometimes
fall
in
naturally
enough
,
and
without
any
Violence
or
Constraint
;
and
indeed
we
had
as
good
never
have
gone
to
Athens
,
if
contenting
our selves
with
an
Inventory
of
the
old
pieces
of
Marble
,
we
should
have
neglected
that
which
made
them
so
glorious
whilst
they
were
united
and
standing
.
Nor
can
I
bring
my self
to
believe
that
men
of
any
Curiosity
or
Learning
would
ever
have
forgiven
me
,
should
I
have
passed
by
several
things
,
because
they
were
nor
visible
to
my
eye
.
Athens
then
having
produced
several
Philosophers
,
it
was
at
Pyraeum
that
one
of
them
called
Antisthenes
,
undertook
to
set
up
a
particular
Sect
:
For
still
as
the
most
Learned
among
them
established
any
new
Hypothesis
,
those
of
his
party
and
opinion
asserted
his
Principles
,
and
formed
themselves
into
several
Sects
under
different
appellations
.
Antisthenes
was
the
first
of
the
Sect
of
the
Cynicks
.
The
word
imports
originally
a
Dog
,
from
which
their
doctrine
is
not
altogether
abhorring
,
as
being
much
less
gentle
and
refined
than
the
rest
.
It
admits
nothing
of
Natural
Philosophy
,
Logick
,
nor
Mathematicks
;
it
relies
wholly
upon
Morality
,
and
that
the
most
austere
and
rigid
in
the
World
.
To
render
a
man
wise
,
it
requires
that
he
begins
with
an
extream
contempt
of
himself
,
and
to
enure
him
to
it
,
the
Rules
prescribed
have
in
them
more
of
insolence
that
instruction
:
For
to
decry
their
Vices
,
they
reproach
men
with
scandal
,
so
that
it
is
from
their
barking
and
snarling
at
every
mans
miscarriages
that
they
are
called
Cynicks
.
The
History
of
Crates
and
Hyparchus
justifies
that
appellation
by
other
reasons
that
I
shall
not
mention
in
this
place
;
and
it
is
possible
it
was
given
them
likewise
from
the
place
called
Cynosarges
,
which
was
a
part
of
the
Suburbs
in
Athens
,
where
they
settled
themselves
after
they
had
quitted
Pyraeum
.
All
that
is
now
to
be
seen
of
Pyraeum
is
only
a
fair
Marble
Statue
of
a
Lion
that
gives
the
present
name
to
that
famous
Port.
It
is
placed
gaping
with
his
face
towards
the
Sea
,
and
as
it
were
ready
to
leap
into
all
the
Vessels
that
come
in
there
to
anchor
,
Themistocles
his
Tomb
was
formerly
not
far
from
it
.
There
is
a
little
Caravanserael
(
but
not
built
as
in
Turkie
)
which
serves
for
the
●odging
and
entertainment
of
Passengers
,
and
to
lock
up
their
goods
;
and
being
therefore
so
inconsiderable
,
I
will
not
trouble
you
with
its
description
.
That
at
Porto-lione
is
but
an
ill
favoured
kind
of
Hall
,
where
,
in
case
of
Rain
,
they
lay
by
what
is
unladen
there
,
to
be
carried
to
Athens
,
or
what
is
brought
from
thence
to
be
shipp'd
in
that
Port.
All
the
settled
and
established
Caravanseraels
in
Greece
,
are
these
which
follow
:
Two
at
Thebes
,
one
at
Megara
,
one
at
Corinth
,
one
at
Arcadia
,
one
at
Napoli
de
Romania
,
one
at
Tripolissia
or
Dropolissia
,
two
at
Messitra
,
and
one
at
Lacedaemon
.
Upon
an
eminence
on
the
Shore
stands
an
old
Town
,
or
Phanal
,
which
the
Athenian
call
Pyrgo
,
and
the
Italians
Torre
del
foc●
For
the
whole
Town
of
Pyraeum
two
po●●
Greeks
are
perpetually
upon
the
Watch
i●
that
Tower
of
Pyrgo
,
whose
business
it
is
t●
give
warning
of
the
Corsairs
,
setting
u●
their
Colours
by
day
as
soon
they
deser●
any
Ship
at
Sea
,
and
in
the
night
hanging
ou●
lights
,
to
give
alarm
to
the
Country
about
besides
which
there
is
a
fire
made
constantly
every
night
upon
the
Platform
.
All
along
upon
the
Shore
,
at
a
competent
distanc●
there
are
several
Pyrgo's
for
the
same
purpose
,
and
two
men
always
as
Sentinels
▪
The
Tower
that
makes
the
first
discovery
of
a
Man
of
War
,
throws
down
a
lighted
Fire-brand
over
the
Wall
to
give
notice
to
the
rest
;
and
doing
all
of
them
the
same
the
Signal
is
taken
:
The
whole
Country
immediately
in
Arms
,
and
the
word
passing
from
one
to
another
to
know
where
the
Signal
was
first
given
,
they
repair
thither
with
the
greatest
part
of
their
strength
.
If
nothing
be
discovered
,
the
fire
is
suffered
to
go
out
in
each
Tower
,
and
serves
only
to
admonish
the
Corsairs
that
they
are
upon
their
Guard
.
But
to
elude
their
diligences
,
and
frustrate
their
Signals
,
the
Corsairs
do
frequently
furl
up
their
Sails
,
otherwise
a
Vessel
of
two
hundred
Tun
will
be
seen
by
those
Sentinels
six
or
seven
leagues
.
A
larger
Vessel
is
seen
farther
,
and
if
two
Ships
be
at
Sea
,
they
can
discover
one
ano●her
three
or
four
leagues
,
unless
they
furle
up
their
sails
.
At
Pyraeum
there
are
still
to
be
seen
great
quantity
of
square
stone
of
which
the
Walls
were
made
that
joyned
it
to
the
City
,
and
upon
the
Road
to
Athens
there
were
many
more
:
They
are
generally
Cubique
,
and
those
of
the
Foundation
cramped
together
with
iron
,
which
was
the
Workmanship
of
the
old
and
eminent
Athenian
Conon
.
But
that
which
was
most
wonderfull
in
the
Fortifications
about
Pyraeum
,
was
,
the
Famous
Wooden
Tower
that
Sylla
could
not
burn
;
the
Wood
of
which
it
was
built
having
been
prepared
with
a
Composition
of
Alume
that
the
Fire
could
not
touch
;
but
though
fire
could
not
,
it
is
now
quite
devoured
by
Time
.
Having
walked
for
some
space
,
we
had
Horses
brought
us
from
Athens
,
and
mounting
,
had
not
rid
far
,
before
the
Magnificent
Temple
of
Minerva
(
which
stands
in
the
Castle
,
and
appears
very
statelily
over
the
Walls
)
presented
it self
as
the
first
considerable
object
to
our
view
.
And
here
I
cannot
but
acknowledge
my
own
weakness
,
you
may
call
it
folly
if
you
please
:
At
the
first
sight
of
this
Famous
Town
(
struck
as
it
were
with
a
sentiment
of
Veneration
for
those
Miracles
of
Antiquity
which
were
Recorded
of
it
)
I
started
immediately
,
and
was
taken
with
an
universal
shivering
all
over
my
Body
.
Nor
was
I
singular
in
my
Commotion
,
we
all
of
us
stared
,
but
could
see
nothing
,
our
imaginations
were
too
full
of
the
Great
Men
which
that
City
had
produced
.
We
fancied
every
step
we
made
,
that
we
met
either
Theseus
,
or
Socrates
,
Alcibiades
,
or
some
other
of
those
Reverend
Persons
:
I
could
not
contain
my self
,
but
cryed
out
,
Adsunt
Athenae
,
unde
Humanitas
,
Doctrina
,
Religio
,
Fruges
,
Jura
,
Leges
ortae
,
atque
in
omnes
Terras
distributae
putantur
,
de
quarum
possessione
proper
pulchritudinem
,
etiam
inter
Deos
certamen
proditum
est
.
Vrbi
(
inquam
)
quae
vetustate
eâ
est
,
ut
ipsa
ex
sese
suos
Cives
genuisse
dicatur
:
Authoritate
autem
tantâ
,
ut
jam
fractum
prope
&
dehilitatum
Graeciae
Nomen
,
hujus
Vrbis
laude
nitatur
:
You
may
remember
it
in
Tully
.
The
ruines
of
the
Walls
were
called
formerly
the
Long
Rampires
,
of
which
there
were
two
,
the
Northern
by
which
we
passed
,
and
the
Southern
that
ran
along
by
the
Sea
to
Pyraeum
;
from
thence
to
Munichia
,
and
from
Munichia
to
Phalerum
,
and
so
to
the
Walls
of
the
Town
;
so
that
the
circumference
of
the
Ancient
City
of
Athens
was
compleatly
two
hundred
Fur●ongs
,
which
is
about
seven
Leagues
.
And
History
mentions
,
that
at
convenient
distances
these
Rampires
were
flanked
by
little
Towers
that
were
inhabited
.
The
rode
by
which
we
passed
along
upon
the
Northern
Rampire
,
was
called
formerly
These●us
his
way
;
of
which
Boccaneyra
remembered
us
in
the
Verses
he
cited
out
of
Propertius
:
Inde
ubi
Pyraei
capient
me
littora
portus
,
Scandam
ego
Thescae
brachia
longa
viae
.
Accordingly
there
was
a
Temple
consecra●ed
to
Theseus
,
and
a
little
farther
two
Monuments
,
one
of
the
Famous
Poet
Menander
,
the
other
of
Euripides
.
About
the
midway
betwixt
Athens
and
Pyraeum
there
was
a
great
Well
set
round
very
handsom●y
with
Olive
Trees
,
which
rendered
it
very
pleasant
:
We
took
this
Well
for
the
Fountain
,
that
was
formerly
by
a
certain
Chappel
Consecrated
to
Socrates
;
for
in
those
days
Temples
were
Dedicated
to
Illustrious
Men
,
as
well
as
to
the
Gods
.
The
descents
and
incursions
of
the
Christian
Corsaires
is
the
cause
that
there
are
no
Country-houses
above
a
League
from
Porto-Lione
;
but
beyond
that
distance
towards
Athens
,
there
are
many
little
House
set
about
very
beautifully
with
Vines
an●
Olive
Trees
;
and
behind
them
each
has
i●
Garden
full
of
Oranges
,
Citrons
and
Pom●granats
;
they
have
plenty
of
Fountains
an●
Water-works
,
most
of
their
Gardens
bein●
furnished
with
Engines
to
break
and
d●sperse
the
waters
as
it
comes
out
of
th●
Pipes
;
and
the
Engines
are
generall●
wrought
by
a
Horse
.
The
Athenians
a●
present
call
a
Country-house
Spititon
Ch●rion
,
and
a
Garden
Perinoles
.
We
could
scarce
see
the
Town
before
w●
were
in
it
,
because
it
stands
upon
a
littl●
Eminence
behind
the
Castle
,
which
bein●
just
in
our
face
,
hindered
the
prospect
there
of
.
We
alighted
at
a
house
taken
up
fo●
us
not
far
from
a
Church
,
which
they
ca●
Agios
Jannis
,
or
the
Church
of
St.
John
.
And
now
being
arrived
at
Athens
,
whic●
was
the
main
object
of
our
Voyage
,
yo●
would
have
just
cause
to
be
offende●
should
I
neglect
an
opportunity
that
offen●
it self
so
freely
for
your
entertainment
,
an●
not
endeavour
to
give
you
the
most
faithfull
and
succinct
description
both
of
he●
passed
fortune
,
and
present
condition
,
seeing
that
what
has
been
said
hitherto
,
seem●
but
preliminary
,
and
as
it
were
to
prepare
●he
way
for
the
knowledge
of
that
.
I
do
●ot
question
,
but
in
other
Authors
you
may
find
a
considerable
part
of
what
I
have
●resented
to
you
here
:
It
would
be
strange
●n
speaking
of
the
place
where
Athens
stood
formerly
,
I
should
write
of
nothing
but
what
was
new
of
a
Town
so
universally
famous
,
and
reputed
the
Mother
of
Arts
,
and
●he
Theatre
of
Valour
and
Policy
.
The
happy
times
in
which
this
City
flou●ished
,
were
so
fertile
in
wonders
,
and
we
●ave
had
so
few
Ages
since
that
have
pro●uced
such
Eminent
Men
,
that
I
do
not
doubt
your
excuse
,
if
I
give
you
a
parti●ular
specification
of
those
memorable
years
●hat
remain
still
Sacred
by
so
great
and
so
glorious
Events
:
But
not
to
interrupt
or
●ivert
my
Discourse
,
you
will
find
in
the
Margin
of
these
Memoires
the
number
of
Years
reduced
from
the
Epoche
of
the
Olym●iads
to
our
own
;
by
which
you
will
dis●ern
the
time
passed
betwixt
such
an
acci●ent
and
the
time
present
.
Of
all
the
Ancient
Cities
in
Greece
,
none
●as
preserved
its
name
with
better
success
●han
this
City
of
Athens
.
Our
Geographers
have
thought
good
to
alter
it
,
and
●all
it
Setines
:
The
Greek
and
Turkish
Inhabitants
,
and
the
Neighbours
about
,
call
●t
Atine
.
I
will
not
trouble
you
with
the
differe●●
names
it
bore
,
before
the
Goddess
Miner●●
(
whom
the
Greeks
called
Athena
)
gave
●
her
name
in
despite
of
the
jealousie
and
o●●
position
of
Neptune
,
who
would
have
giv●●
it
his
own
.
It
is
most
certain
,
the
Inhab●tants
of
old
,
called
it
by
way
of
Excellen●
Asti
,
or
the
City
:
And
the
Romans
,
●●
the
same
Spirit
of
Ostentation
designed
t●●
same
.
The
year
of
its
Foundation
was
n●ver
yet
known
.
In
the
time
of
Cecrops
(
t●●
first
of
Her
seventeen
Kings
(
wh●
Reign
began
3226.
years
since
)
●
was
but
a
Burrough
,
though
h●noured
with
the
Residence
of
its
King
,
a●
the
Title
of
Metropolis
in
that
Countre●●
so
that
Athens
was
built
above
eight
hu●dred
years
before
the
City
of
Rome
.
Theseus
their
Tenth
King
observing
t●●
People
to
be
affected
with
Countrey
liv●●
and
by
the
means
,
being
dispersed
up
a●●
down
at
a
distance
one
from
the
other
,
a●●
consequently
exposed
to
the
irruptious
●
their
Nighbours
;
he
incorporat●●
the
wealthiest
of
them
into
a
Cit●●
and
by
that
Union
gained
to
hi●self
the
Title
of
Founder
of
Athens
.
Th●
City
and
Country
was
a
long
time
G●verned
by
Kings
,
but
with
a
limited
A●thority
;
nevertheless
the
people
,
in
lo●●
with
their
Liberty
,
abolished
Monarchy
,
and
in
the
place
of
their
Kings
,
Created
their
Archontes
,
whose
Power
was
almost
equivalent
with
the
power
of
the
Doges
or
Dukes
of
Venice
;
thirteen
of
them
were
perpetual
,
and
succeeded
one
another
,
and
seven
had
their
Authority
limited
to
Ten
Years
:
After
these
,
the
Sovereign
Power
was
put
into
the
hands
of
Nine
Magistrates
,
the
first
with
the
Title
of
Archonte
,
the
second
of
King
:
Their
Dignity
lasted
but
a
Year
,
yet
these
latter
Archontes
were
so
considerable
,
that
the
Athenians
reckoned
their
Years
,
and
distinguished
their
times
from
the
Order
of
their
Creation
.
In
process
of
time
Draco
gave
them
those
Famous
Laws
that
were
said
to
have
been
written
in
blood
,
by
reason
of
their
excessive
rigour
:
But
twenty
four
years
after
,
they
were
abolished
by
Solon
,
who
supplyed
them
with
Laws
much
more
gen●le
and
humane
.
The
Laws
of
Solon
Established
a
Popu●ar
Government
,
till
Pisistrates
usurped
the
Soveraignty
of
Athens
,
and
having
left
it
●o
his
Two
Sons
Hipparchus
and
Hippias
,
●he
first
was
slain
by
Harmodius
and
Aristogiton
,
with
the
assistance
of
a
fair
Athenian
called
Leena
,
to
whom
they
had
made
great
Courtship
:
This
Leena
being
taken
into
Custody
by
the
Tyrants
Guards
,
and
threatned
the
torture
,
unless
she
discovered
her
Accomplices
,
she
chose
rather
to
bite
out
her
tongue
,
than
suffer
it
to
betray
he●
Gallants
:
And
this
Heroick
action
of
Leena's
hapned
the
same
year
that
Lucretia
was
the
cause
that
Tarqui●
was
banished
out
of
Rome
.
Liberty
being
restored
to
the
Athenian●
three
years
after
,
by
the
flight
of
Hippia●
,
he
called
in
the
Persians
who
lost
the
Famous
Battel
of
Marathon
:
Ten
years
after
they
returned
,
with
intention
to
Sac●
the
City
of
Athens
,
but
in
a
few
months
time
they
were
defeated
again
in
a
Sea-fight
at
Salamis
.
After
the
Victory
at
Salamis
,
the
Republick
of
Athens
was
in
its
highest
elevation
:
It
s
greatest
Captains
,
its
greate●
Philosophers
,
and
its
most
Ingenious
Artists
were
living
in
that
time
;
and
neve●
was
any
City
so
fertile
in
Illustrious
Men
Pericles
was
the
person
by
whose
Conduc●
it
arrived
at
that
Grandeur
.
But
the
Lacedemonians
growing
jealou●
of
their
greatness
,
made
War
upon
the
Athenians
,
and
after
several
ingagements
Lysander
the
Lacedemonian
General
,
havin●
rather
surprized
than
vanquished
them
in
●
Sea-fight
,
came
afterwards
to
besiege
th●
City
of
Athens
,
and
forcing
it
to
surrender
upon
very
hard
Conditions
,
he
established
in
it
the
thirty
Tyrants
,
●o
famous
in
History
.
After
four
Years
Servitude
,
Thrasibulus
●
Citizen
of
that
City
,
slew
the
●hirty
Tyrants
,
drove
out
the
Lacedemonian
Garrison
,
and
by
degrees
●onquered
the
Lacedemonians
,
partly
by
●he
Arms
of
his
own
Country-men
,
and
●artly
by
exciting
the
Thebans
under
the
Command
of
Epaminondas
.
Not
long
after
,
this
City
was
forced
to
●ontend
with
the
whole
strength
of
a
puissant
League
of
the
Inha●itants
of
Byzantium
,
Rhodes
,
and
other
Islands
,
who
were
not
able
to
sup●ort
the
Tribute
which
was
exacted
in
the
dellespont
,
which
Tribute
was
the
foundati●n
of
its
ruine
.
Afterwards
she
suffered
much
●y
Philip
of
Macedon
,
who
gained
●he
Battel
of
Cheronea
against
the
Athenians
and
Beotians
.
Neither
was
Alexander
the
Great
a
bet●er
friend
to
them
at
first
,
but
he
was
kind
●o
them
afterwards
;
however
Alexander
●ied
,
and
two
years
after
his
death
,
two
●f
his
Successors
Antipater
and
Craterus
●btained
a
great
Victory
over
them
,
and
put
●
Macedonian
Garrison
into
Mynichia
;
and
to
weaken
them
yet
more
,
Antipater
transported
22000
Athenians
into
Thracia
.
Cassander
,
another
of
Alexander's
Successors
usurped
upon
them
,
and
invaded
that
Liberty
which
had
been
recovered
b●
Antigonus
and
Demetrius
great
Enemies
t●
Cassander
;
after
which
the
said
Demetri●●
besieged
the
said
City
,
and
took
i●
from
Lacharis
a
Citizen
,
who
ha●
made
himself
Absolute
,
and
his
Setting
up
for
himself
,
gave
occasion
for
th●
discovery
of
the
valour
of
Olimpiador●●
who
by
unparallel'd
bravery
and
conduc●
delivered
the
said
Country
from
the
Macedonians
,
defeating
and
dispersing
abov●
12000.
of
them
:
Upon
which
the
Magnanimity
of
these
Inhabitants
resuming
i●
ancient
force
,
they
made
us
Gauls
sensibl●
of
the
fury
of
their
Arms
;
for
the
Ath●nian
Callipus
defended
the
passage
at
The●mopilae
against
a
numerous
Arm●
under
the
Command
of
two
of
on●
Kings
,
Brennus
and
Acichorius
,
an●
constrained
them
to
try
other
ways
,
whic●
proved
afterwards
their
ruine
.
This
was
the
last
of
the
Athenian
Tr●umphs
;
afterwards
the
Gauls
tired
the●
out
,
and
exhausted
their
strength
,
so
a●
from
that
time
they
never
attempted
an●thing
considerable
in
their
own
name
,
nor
signalized
themselves
but
by
their
Learning
and
Science
:
They
fell
again
under
the
Dominion
of
the
Macedonians
,
and
could
never
free
themselves
but
by
the
supplys
of
Aratus
;
and
yet
it
must
be
confessed
,
that
●hey
were
the
chief
cause
of
the
●uine
of
the
Macedonian
Monar●hy
,
by
exciting
the
Romans
,
who
Triumphed
over
Philip
and
Perseus
.
At
length
Aristion
a
Citizen
of
Athens
,
●nvolved
that
Common-wealth
in
the
great●st
Calamity
that
ever
befell
it
:
The
Hi●tory
is
visible
at
large
in
the
Life
●f
Sylla
,
who
took
the
said
City
●nd
pillaged
it
.
But
Pyraeum
was
●he
more
unfortunate
of
the
two
,
for
Athens
was
afterwards
repaired
,
but
Pyraeum
was
●acked
and
never
built
since
.
After
this
Desolation
,
it
had
continued
●
most
deplorable
solitude
,
had
not
the
●ame
of
its
Philosophers
invited
thither
●ost
of
the
Learned
Men
in
the
World
,
●nd
twenty
years
after
,
Pompey
the
Great
called
so
meerly
upon
account
of
the
Athe●ians
)
discontinuing
his
pursuit
of
certain
●irats
which
he
had
undertaken
to
dis●erse
,
came
to
an
anchor
in
Pyrae●m
,
visited
the
Philosopher
at
A●hens
,
and
restored
that
City
to
the
exercise
of
their
Old
Laws
;
in
acknowledgement
of
which
,
the
Athenians
espoused
Pompey's
Party
;
followed
him
in
h●●
Civil
Wars
,
and
fought
for
him
in
the
Battel
of
Pharsalia
.
Their
Ingagement
with
Pompey
woul●
have
been
fatal
to
them
,
had
not
Caesa●
been
more
generous
than
Sylla
:
He
pa●doned
them
after
his
Victory
,
using
this
e●pression
(
which
is
so
memorable
in
History
▪
These
present
Athenians
ought
indeed
to
●
punished
,
but
for
the
merit
of
their
Anc●stors
I
will
pardon
them
for
once
:
For
whic●
they
were
not
so
grateful
as
they
ough●
joyning
,
afterwards
with
the
Forces
of
Br●tus
and
Cassius
against
Augustus
and
Anth●ny
:
Nevertheless
,
though
at
th●
Battel
of
Philippi
Anthony
remai●ed
Conquerour
,
he
treated
the
Athenians
with
much
favour
,
vouchsafing
●
the
very
height
of
his
Fortune
,
not
on●●
to
afford
them
his
Company
for
some
tim●
but
he
caused
himself
to
be
Created
A●chonte
,
and
accommodated
so
exactly
wi●●
their
Old
Customers
,
that
they
called
hi●
frequently
Philellen
or
Lover
●
the
Greeks
;
and
when
he
w●●
beaten
by
Augustus
at
the
Batt●●
of
Actium
,
the
only
request
he
made
●
him
,
was
,
that
he
might
be
permitted
●
live
privately
at
Athens
,
but
he
was
not
able
to
obtain
it
;
after
which
Augustus
continued
to
them
their
Ancient
Laws
,
but
he
took
from
them
certain
Islands
that
Mark
Anthony
had
given
them
.
From
that
time
they
continued
true
to
the
Romans
,
only
now
and
then
some
small
Seditions
happened
of
little
importance
:
But
of
all
Men
,
the
Emperour
Adrian
was
the
greatest
Lover
of
Athens
;
that
Prince
being
universally
skilled
both
in
their
Learning
and
Arts
,
(
working
with
his
own
hands
so
exactly
,
that
the
best
Workmen
could
not
equal
him
)
was
pleased
to
be
the
restorer
of
their
Magnificent
Buildings
:
He
lived
there
as
a
private
Citizen
,
aspired
to
the
Dignity
of
Archonte
,
Executed
that
Office
in
the
habit
of
an
Athenian
,
and
revived
the
Laws
of
Solon
:
With
his
Empire
he
left
his
Inclination
to
Athens
to
his
Successor
Antoninus
Pius
,
by
whom
it
was
transmitted
to
Verus
,
both
of
which
came
and
lived
personally
in
Athens
,
and
made
themselves
popular
by
their
beneficence
:
But
about
thirty
years
after
,
the
Emperour
Severus
came
thither
,
and
retrenched
their
Priviledges
in
revenge
of
some
injury
which
he
had
received
formerly
when
he
was
a
Student
there
in
a
private
condition
.
Three
hundred
and
fifty
years
after
Sylla
had
demolished
them
,
the
Emperour
Valerian
caused
their
Walls
to
be
repaired
,
which
hindered
not
,
but
a
while
after
under
the
Reign
of
Claudian
,
successor
to
Galenus
,
it
was
sack'd
by
the
Scythians
;
and
about
One
hundred
forty
years
after
that
,
under
the
Reign
of
Honorius
,
it
was
taken
again
by
Alaricus
at
the
instigation
of
Stilicon
.
And
yet
these
Revolutions
rendered
it
not
to
abject
and
contemptible
,
but
that
the
Illustrious
Families
that
were
left
,
supplied
the
Eastern
Empire
with
several
Emperesses
,
as
I
shall
observe
hereafter
.
And
those
Emperors
contracted
no
inconsiderable
alliances
;
for
in
process
of
time
,
when
the
Empire
began
to
decline
,
two
of
its
Emperors
,
Alexis
and
Andronicus
,
successively
married
Agnes
,
the
Daughter
of
Lewis
le
Gross
.
These
two
Marriages
,
and
the
Misfortunes
that
attended
them
,
having
brought
the
French
into
those
parts
,
Baldwin
the
Emperour
brought
his
Army
before
Athens
,
but
he
raised
his
Siege
,
and
was
afterwards
taken
Prisoner
by
the
Marquess
Boniface
.
The
French
however
had
possession
,
and
kept
it
till
the
Sicilian
Vespers
in
the
year
1282
,
when
the
Catalonians
and
Aragonois
beat
them
out
;
but
the
Title
of
Duke
of
Athens
remained
to
the
French
a
long
time
.
Our
curious
Dreslington
remembred
that
●t
the
Abbey
of
St.
Denis
,
two
Leagues
●rom
Paris
,
upon
a
flat
Tomb
in
the
Chap●el
,
called
Nostre
Dame
la
Blanche
,
he
had
●ead
and
transcribed
this
Epitaph
,
Cy
gist
Madame
Jeanne
d'Eu
,
jadis
Cantesse
d'
E●tamps
,
&
Duchesse
d'Athens
,
Fille
de
tres
●oble
homme
Mons.
Raoul
,
Comte
d'Eu
,
&
●e
Guines
;
laquelle
trepassa
en
la
Cité
de
●ienne
le
6
de
Juillet
1489.
Here
lies
the
●ody
of
Madam
Joan
d'Eu
,
formerly
Coun●ess
of
Estamps
,
and
Dutchess
of
Athens
,
Daughter
of
the
thrice
Noble
Monsieur
Ra●ul
,
Earl
of
Eu
,
and
Guines
;
she
died
in
●he
City
of
Sienna
,
the
6.
of
July
1489.
●nform
your self
of
some
Herald
who
this
Dutchess
of
Athens
was
,
and
how
that
Title
●ame
into
her
Family
.
From
the
dominion
of
the
Spaniard
,
Athens
passed
to
a
Family
(
originally
of
●lorence
)
called
Acciaoli
,
which
Family
●ad
the
Soveraignty
both
in
Corinth
and
●hebes
.
Francus
or
Francis
the
Eighth
,
Prince
of
that
House
,
was
at
length
con●trained
in
the
year
1455
to
yield
it
up
to
●he
Valour
and
Fortune
of
Mahomet
the
●econd
,
the
greatest
Conquerour
of
all
the
Turks
.
So
then
it
is
now
two
hundred
and
thirteen
years
since
it
has
been
in
the
han●
of
the
Mahumetans
.
It
is
true
in
the
ye●
1464
Capello
the
Venetian
General
surpriz●●
it
,
but
not
taking
the
Castle
,
he
could
n●●
keep
the
Town
.
This
then
is
one
of
t●●
two
hundred
Capital
Cities
which
the
sa●●
Mahomet
took
from
the
Christians
;
〈◊〉
did
it
submit
till
it
had
seen
two
Empin●
and
twelve
Kingdoms
subdued
by
〈◊〉
Sword
.
And
it
was
some
kind
of
lus●●
and
reputation
to
the
surrender
of
Athen●
●
that
it
was
not
conquered
by
an
ordina●●
or
inconsiderable
Prince
.
It
is
remarkab●●
in
History
that
when
the
said
Francus
w●●
expulsed
,
the
chief
Citizens
of
the
To●●
conspired
to
restore
him
;
which
Cons●●racy
was
the
cause
that
the
Turks
made
the●
Exemplary
,
and
took
from
them
the
Sov●raignty
of
Thebes
,
which
they
had
allow●●
them
till
that
time
.
Mahomet
was
na●●rally
bloody
and
vindicative
,
neverthel●●●
he
treated
Athens
with
great
humanit●●
professing
one
day
as
he
was
walking
abo●●
the
Town
,
That
his
desire
to
be
master
●
it
sprang
not
so
much
from
his
Natural
a●bition
,
as
from
a
delight
he
took
in
vie●ing
the
pleasantness
of
its
scituation
,
a●
the
magnificence
of
its
buildings
;
and
●
his
great
favours
the
Athenians
are
s●●
mindful
to
this
day
.
The
better
sort
of
t●●
Inhabitants
will
never
discourse
with
you
upon
any
thing
of
Religion
,
but
they
will
be
sure
to
tell
you
of
St.
Paul
,
and
St.
Denis
the
Areopagite
:
They
will
show
you
none
of
their
Antiquities
,
but
they
will
tell
you
of
Themistocles
and
Adrian
;
nor
can
they
mention
their
State-Affairs
,
but
with
a
reverend
Commemoration
of
Sultan
Mahomet
the
Second
.
Before
we
come
to
their
form
of
Government
as
it
is
established
at
present
,
it
will
not
be
improper
in
two
words
to
give
you
an
account
how
Christianity
was
first
introduced
into
that
City
.
Saint
Paul
the
Apostle
concerned
himself
,
and
took
great
pains
in
its
conversion
;
for
coming
out
of
Macedonia
he
came
to
Athens
,
and
disputing
against
the
Stoicks
and
Epicureans
,
he
explained
to
them
the
new
doctrine
of
the
Resurrection
,
and
shew'd
that
the
God
which
he
preached
to
them
was
the
same
Unknown
God
to
whom
their
Altar
was
erected
.
Saint
Dionysius
,
(
of
the
Famous
Society
of
the
Areopagites
)
and
Damaris
were
two
of
the
most
considerable
who
embraced
Christianity
;
the
History
of
which
is
recorded
in
the
17.
Chapter
of
the
Acts
of
the
Apostles
,
and
when
a
stranger
is
at
any
time
present
at
the
Celebration
of
Mass
,
they
will
be
sure
instead
of
the
Epistle
for
the
day
to
read
that
Chapter
,
thinking
thereby
(
with
a
piou●
kind
of
Vanity
)
to
enhaunce
their
reputation
with
the
Stranger
,
according
to
the
natural
genius
and
affectation
of
that
people
.
In
Civil
Affairs
,
when
by
the
Judges
a●
Oath
is
to
be
administred
to
an
Athenian
,
they
open
the
New
Testament
at
the
17th
▪
Chapter
of
the
Acts
,
and
laying
the
hand●
of
the
Deponent
upon
that
Leaf
,
they
fancy
it
adds
much
to
its
Religious
Obligation
▪
They
look
upon
St.
Dionysius
as
their
firs●
Bishop
.
In
the
infancy
of
Christianity
it
was
famous
by
the
Martyrdom
of
several
persons
,
particularly
in
the
year
125
there
were
many
Athenians
that
suffered
for
the
Truth
,
being
animated
by
the
Example
of
Publi●●
their
Bishop
.
The
Emperour
Adrian
was
then
at
Athens
,
and
entered
himself
into
the
Priesthood
of
Ceres
Eleusina
;
but
three
years
after
,
Quadratus
succeeding
Publius
,
stopped
the
course
of
the
persecution
by
an
excellent
Discourse
which
he
made
to
the
said
Emperour
at
that
time
returned
to
Athens
,
in
order
to
the
Consecration
of
a
stately
Temple
to
Jupiter
Olympius
,
and
repaired
by
his
care
.
The
Eloquence
of
Aristides
the
Philosopher
(
who
was
a
Christian
)
confirmed
the
Doctrine
of
Quadratus
,
and
he
mollified
Adrian
very
much
by
a
learned
Apology
he
exhibited
in
defence
of
Christianity
,
and
dedicated
to
him
.
Some
of
the
Calogers
pretend
to
have
the
said
Apology
still
in
a
Library
in
a
Monasteryl
at
Medelli
,
some
six
miles
from
Athens
.
The
Church
at
Athens
produced
several
considerable
men
,
and
was
erected
into
an
Arch-Bishoprick
depending
upon
the
Pa●riarch
of
Constantinople
.
The
Metropolitan
of
Athens
has
under
him
at
this
day
seven
Bishopricks
,
two
in
the
Archipelago
,
Scyros
and
Andros
;
one
in
the
Island
of
Negro●ont
called
Carystehi
,
and
four
upon
the
Continent
,
Porthima
,
Diaulis
,
Heterotopia
,
●nd
la
Valone
.
The
Archbishoprick
is
va●ued
at
about
thirteen
or
fourteen
thousand
Crowns
a
year
,
out
of
which
a
good
part
●s
paid
constantly
to
the
Sultan
.
The
pre●ent
Archbishop
is
a
witty
man
,
but
no
great
Clerk
,
nor
Friend
to
the
Church
of
Rome
:
He
is
a
Caloger
,
not
far
from
Constantinople
,
●or
you
must
know
,
none
but
Calogers
are
●dmitted
to
the
Prelacy
in
Greece
.
It
is
not
●ong
since
he
was
advanced
to
that
Digni●y
;
his
Predecessor
is
still
living
in
Athens
,
●
man
of
an
exemplary
Life
,
but
dispossessed
by
the
violence
of
the
Port
,
who
choosing
or
removing
the
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
at
their
pleasure
,
have
a
great
influence●
in
the
Election
of
Rejection
of
the
Inferiour
Prelates
.
For
the
most
part
,
that
Caloger
who
has
most
money
in
his
pocket
and
parts
with
it
most
freely
,
is
advance●
to
be
Patriarch
;
and
to
reimburse
himself
he
is
glad
to
make
such
his
Bishops
and
Archbishops
as
give
him
the
largest
Contribution
;
and
they
in
their
turns
take
the
same
measures
with
their
inferiours
,
so
tha●
from
one
to
another
every
Priest
,
Papas
,
Bishop
,
and
Archbishop
contributes
to
th●
making
of
the
Patriarch
:
And
the
bette●
to
satiate
the
avarice
of
the
Turks
,
ther●
are
commonly
resident
at
Athens
fou●
Grand
Penitentiaries
deputed
by
the
Archbishop
to
hear
Confessions
,
and
to
prescribe●
certain
Mulcts
and
Taxes
to
their
penitent●
according
to
the
quality
of
the
crime
fro●
which
they
are
absolved
.
The
former
Archbishop
is
one
of
these
four
Penitentiaries
and
Director
of
a
Monastery
of
Caloger●
or
Nuns
of
the
Order
of
Saints
Basil
,
o●
which
there
are
three
Monasteries
in
Athens
.
There
are
in
Athens
a
hundred
and
thre●
Churches
,
of
which
four
are
Dedicated
t●
the
Virgin
Mary
,
and
called
Panagia
,
and
three
more
Dedicated
to
Saint
George
.
Th●
Chiefest
among
them
are
Agios
Dimitrios
Agios
Jannis
,
and
Agios
Chiriachis
.
But
be●ides
these
one
hundred
and
three
within
●he
Walls
,
there
are
double
the
number
within
a
league
about
the
Town
:
'T
is
●rue
,
the
least
Chappel
passes
with
them
for
●
Church
,
and
sometimes
one
single
Papas
●upplys
two
or
three
of
them
.
There
is
but
●ne
Altar
in
each
of
them
,
and
some
there
●re
in
which
Mass
is
not
said
above
three
●r
four
times
in
a
Year
.
The
Rich
Men
of
●he
Town
have
each
of
them
Chappels
at
●ome
,
and
the
great
reason
is
,
to
keep
their
Wives
and
Daughters
from
being
ga●ed
upon
in
the
streets
,
by
which
means
it
●appens
,
that
unless
it
be
on
great
dayes
,
●he
Great
Churches
are
quite
unfrequent●d
;
and
to
take
off
all
pretence
of
Gos●ping
,
the
Good-wives
are
not
permitted
●o
go
to
Church
out
of
their
own
Parish
.
Their
Zeal
for
Christianity
is
very
extraor●inary
,
and
though
there
are
few
of
the
●thenians
,
or
none
that
follow
the
Disci●line
of
our
Church
,
yet
one
full
third
of
●he
Town
,
admit
the
Procession
of
the
Holy
Ghost
,
the
Supremacy
of
the
Pope
,
●nd
the
most
essential
points
in
Controver●e
betwixt
us
and
the
Eastern
Church
.
Fa●her
Simon
de
Compeigne
a
Religious
French
●apuchin
,
and
one
of
the
Missionaries
at
Athens
,
is
sometimes
admitted
to
hear
the
Confessions
of
the
Arch-bishop
;
the
grea●est
part
of
the
Calogers
of
Medelli
,
and
th●
most
considerable
of
the
Laity
in
th●
City
;
as
particularly
the
Paleologues
,
t●●
Bininzelles
,
the
Capitanakis
,
the
Calch●●diles
,
and
several
others
.
Before
the
Old
Archbishop
was
dispo●sessed
by
the
Turks
,
he
many
times
signifie●
to
our
Capuchins
at
Athens
,
the
great
d●sire
he
had
to
see
our
differences
compose●
telling
them
expresly
,
that
if
he
could
see
●
United
with
the
Eastern
Church
,
he
cou●●
chearfully
resign
to
the
person
who
at
Rom●
is
made
Arch-bishop
of
Athens
,
in
partil●
infidelium
;
and
he
inquired
very
earnest
after
his
Name
and
his
Parts
.
Our
Rom●
Archbishop
is
called
Carlo
Vecchi
;
he
h●●
four
considerable
Dignities
in
the
Court
●
Rome
;
He
is
Secretary
of
the
Congreg●tion
of
Bishops
,
a
Member
of
the
Sacr●●
Office
,
Counsellour
to
the
Penitentiar●
and
Secretary
to
the
Congregation
de
pr●paganda
fide
:
He
is
an
Ancient
Man
,
●
weak
and
declining
,
that
the
Physicians
●
way
of
Regiment
have
prescribed
him
thr●●
dishes
of
Chocolat
a
day
.
This
Grave
Archbishop
,
preferred
to
th●
Title
out
of
the
Monastery
at
Medelli
〈◊〉
his
Piety
as
well
as
learning
,
is
much
ple●sed
when
our
Capuchins
which
are
thei●
●o
tell
him
that
the
City
of
Paris
esteems
●t
a
singular
honour
that
Saint
Dionysius
the
Areopagite
was
their
first
Bishop
.
The
good
Old
Man
in
a
rapture
of
Joy
,
and
with
great
pleasure
to
himself
replyes
,
You
must
confess
then
that
but
for
Athens
,
France
●ad
possibly
never
had
an
Apostle
.
Some
of
our
Learned
Countrey-men
,
re●osing
too
stifly
upon
the
Doctrine
of
our
Times
,
have
maintained
,
that
the
Conver●●on
of
the
French
was
not
ascribable
to
●aint
Dennis
the
Areopagite
,
and
that
he
was
not
the
first
Preacher
of
the
Gospel
amongst
us
:
However
our
Chronology
may
●ustifie
them
;
the
Universal
tradition
at
Athens
is
against
them
,
as
I
found
by
par●icular
inquiry
and
disquisition
.
They
are
●ll
full
of
his
Mission
into
,
and
his
Martyr●om
in
France
.
It
is
observable
,
with
what
heat
and
eagerness
the
Common
People
of
Athens
will
hear
and
discourse
of
〈◊〉
;
for
being
naturally
proud
and
passio●ate
,
they
do
exceedingly
magnifie
and
ex●ggerate
the
humility
of
that
Saint
,
in
lea●ing
so
Noble
and
Illustrious
a
Diocess
,
to
●stablish
himself
in
France
.
Not
far
from
●he
Archbishops
Palace
there
was
a
little
Chappel
Dedicated
to
Saint
Dennis
,
which
●as
been
ruined
by
the
fall
of
a
Rock
;
and
●he
Athenians
have
frequently
solicited
our
Missionaries
to
intercede
to
the
King
o●
France
to
repair
it
,
and
revive
the
Glory
o●
their
Nation
among
them
.
As
to
the
number
of
its
Inhabitants
,
I
admired
to
have
read
and
heard
a
thousan●
times
that
Athens
was
a
desart
:
Certainly
the
Travellers
that
have
reported
it
,
onl●
passed
thorow
it
,
and
that
perhaps
in
a
rain●
day
,
when
no
body
was
in
the
streets
,
〈◊〉
in
the
time
of
a
Contagion
,
which
send●
them
packing
to
their
Countrey
house●
The
Town
consists
of
at
least
fifteen
or
si●teen
thousand
Inhabitants
,
of
which
ten
o●
twelve
hundred
are
Turks
.
No
Jews
coul●
ever
be
admitted
,
though
there
are
many
,
o●
them
in
the
Neighbourhood
,
and
partic●larly
at
Thebes
and
Negropont
;
and
to
spea●
truth
,
in
the
whole
Turkish
Empire
,
〈◊〉
places
but
Athens
and
Trebizond
have
preserved
the
priviledge
of
excluding
the
Jew●
though
the
Turkish
Officers
have
attempte●
several
times
to
introduce
them
;
but
to
oppose
them
,
the
Christians
underhand
mad●
friends
to
the
Mahumetans
of
the
said
Citie●
pretending
that
the
Jews
would
ingro●
the
whole
Trade
,
and
ruine
the
rest
of
th●
Inhabitants
:
Sometimes
they
have
threatned
the
Jews
which
solicited
their
admittance
,
and
the
fear
of
being
cudgelled
prevailed
with
them
to
desist
,
for
at
Athen●
they
are
in
a
great
deal
of
danger
.
About
1986.
Years
since
,
Cassander
the
Macedonian
having
given
the
Administration
of
Affairs
of
this
City
to
the
Philosopher
Demetrius
of
Phalerum
,
he
found
the
City
to
consist
of
twenty
one
thousand
Citizens
,
ten
thousand
Strangers
setled
in
the
Town
,
and
four
hundred
thousand
Slaves
;
and
this
account
was
testified
by
Ctesicles
:
and
it
is
to
be
observed
,
that
by
the
word
Citizen
is
intended
the
Masters
of
Families
,
which
must
needs
suppose
a
great
number
of
Servants
and
Dependants
.
At
present
,
as
formerly
,
the
people
of
both
Sexes
are
well
shaped
,
and
of
an
Excellent
Contexture
,
which
is
the
reason
they
●ive
to
be
very
old
:
We
attributed
much
of
their
vigour
to
their
diet
,
and
their
use
of
Honey
,
which
the
Athenians
use
very
frequently
,
being
excellently
good
.
Their
Physicians
account
their
Honey
for
the
wholsomest
of
their
Food
:
But
the
Common
People
ascribe
much
to
the
Situation
of
their
Mountains
which
shelter
them
so
commodiously
,
from
the
winds
;
did
they
understand
the
virtue
of
their
Simples
which
are
there
in
great
abundance
and
excellence
,
much
would
be
attributed
to
them
.
The
People
have
generally
very
strong
and
clear
voices
,
and
their
Memories
are
admi●able
.
Philip
of
Macedon
described
them
well
▪
when
he
compared
them
to
the
Images
o●
Mercury
,
which
the
Ancients
put
up
in
the●●
Markets
,
and
other
publick
places
;
hi●
expression
was
,
that
they
were
all
mouth
●
implying
,
that
they
were
good
at
nothing
●
but
Oratory
and
Talk
.
It
is
a
saying
among
those
who
are
acquainted
,
with
them
●
that
as
there
is
not
a
Countrey
in
the
worl●
where
Honey
is
more
nourishing
,
nor
Hem●
lock
more
pernicious
;
so
there
is
not
a
Cit●
where
the
People
that
are
disposed
to
goo●
are
better
;
nor
where
they
apply
themselves
to
ill
,
they
are
worse
:
Naturall●
they
are
very
selfish
,
and
great
dissembler●
Their
Women
are
Virtuous
,
Pious
an●
Chaste
;
they
never
admit
of
Conversatio●
with
any
Man
,
unless
they
be
well
assure●
of
his
Virtue
.
The
Common
People
hav●
no
kindness
either
for
Us
or
the
Italians
▪
the
frequent
injuries
which
they
receiv●
by
the
sudden
descents
of
our
Corsaires
,
ha●
so
incensed
them
against
us
,
that
in
time
o●
War
they
hate
us
worse
than
the
Turks
●
Our
Privatiers
appear
no
sooner
at
Sea●
but
they
are
immediately
in
Arms
,
and
the●
the
Turks
themselves
do
not
use
a
Fra●●
with
worse
language
than
they
;
so
tha●
our
infesting
them
,
makes
us
mortally
odious
:
Nevertheless
this
has
no
influence
upon
the
better
sort
,
who
are
kind
and
civil
to
strangers
that
live
with
any
kind
of
sobriety
and
reputation
:
Nothing
is
more
generous
than
they
;
they
are
the
first
that
will
salute
a
stranger
,
the
first
that
will
propose
a
friendship
with
him
;
and
in
a
word
,
no
Man
can
be
long
a
stranger
in
Athens
●hat
has
the
least
spark
of
Society
:
Some
of
our
Merchants
will
tell
you
other
things
,
●ut
then
they
conceal
the
great
Reasons
whereby
they
have
provoked
the
Atheni●ns
.
When
a
man
has
rendered
his
friend●hip
suspected
at
Paris
,
he
shall
find
how
●nwilling
people
are
to
continue
their
cor●espondence
.
To
be
short
,
the
Athenians
●o
with
admirable
reputation
maintain
the
Hospitality
that
was
so
honourable
in
their
Ancestors
.
Their
Language
at
Athens
is
the
most
●ure
and
incorrupt
of
all
the
Cities
in
●reece
;
It
is
no
where
spoken
or
under●tood
in
its
primitive
purity
but
at
Athens
.
●
T
is
true
,
when
they
speak
any
thing
,
they
●o
it
with
a
tone
as
if
they
sung
,
which
has
●iven
occasion
to
many
people
to
say
that
●hey
spoke
very
ill
;
but
it
is
now
a
Pro●erb
among
the
Greeks
,
That
he
who
would
●peak
well
must
have
the
elocution
of
A●hens
,
and
the
accent
of
Napoli
,
for
Napoli
●e
Romania
is
the
Town
in
all
Greece
where
the
variation
of
the
voice
is
most
natural●
and
sweet
.
Most
part
of
the
Mahumetans
in
Athens
speak
nothing
but
Greek
,
fo●
want
of
Commerce
with
the
Turks
abroad
▪
Of
the
Turkish
Language
they
have
seldo●
more
than
seven
or
eight
words
in
part
o●
their
Creed
,
La
hillah
allah
,
Muhamet
h●
resoul
ullah
.
When
they
meet
a
Turk
o●
another
Country
,
they
accost
him
by
holding
up
their
thumb
in
the
air
,
and
if
he
answers
not
in
Greek
,
their
Conversation
i●
at
an
end
.
Their
habit
is
almost
the
same
▪
and
scarce
sufficient
to
distinguish
them
,
fo●
except
their
Turban
,
their
habit
is
perfectly
Greek
;
and
for
the
Turkish
Women
,
they
have
no
difference
at
all
.
There
are
three
Mosquo's
in
Athens
,
one
in
the
Castle
,
an●
that
was
the
Famous
Temple
of
Minerva
▪
the
other
two
in
the
City
,
and
the
Chief
o●
them
was
the
magnificent
Pantheon
built
by
Adrian
.
As
to
the
Form
of
their
Government
i●
Athens
,
there
are
four
Jurisdictions
tha●
manage
the
whole
business
of
that
City
,
o●
which
three
are
Executed
by
Turkish
O●ficers
,
viz.
the
Sardar's
,
Disdar's
and
C●di's
;
the
other
called
the
Vecchiados
is
i●
the
hands
of
the
Christians
.
The
Sarda●
is
Governour
of
the
City
,
Commands
th●
Janizaries
,
and
the
Militia
round
abou●
the
Town
:
The
Disdar
is
Governour
of
the
Castle
,
and
lodges
in
it
,
he
has
Command
over
the
Janizaries
in
the
City
:
The
Cadi
has
his
Residence
in
the
City
likewise
,
and
is
Judge
both
in
Civil
and
Criminal
Causes
:
The
Vecchiados
are
four
and
twenty
Seniors
selected
out
of
the
best
Christian
Families
to
Regulate
private
Affairs
betwixt
Christian
and
Christian
:
The
Vaywode
or
Farmer
under
Keslar-Agasi
has
some
little
Jurisdiction
likewise
,
which
he
makes
use
of
when
the
interest
of
the
Farm
requires
it
.
I
inquired
of
the
most
Venerable
of
the
Vecchiados
how
it
came
to
pass
that
their
City
being
as
populous
as
any
in
Greece
,
was
not
the
residence
of
some
Sangiac
or
Bey
.
They
told
me
,
it
was
an
instance
of
the
kindness
which
Mahomet
II.
had
for
Athens
,
because
Officers
of
that
Great
Quality
having
alwayes
great
Trains
and
Retinues
,
must
needs
be
a
great
charge
to
the
Cities
where
they
reside
;
upon
which
consideration
Mahomet
would
not
permit
that
the
little
Officers
,
that
make
up
the
Family
of
the
Sangiac's
,
and
are
indeed
so
many
Leeches
,
sucking
up
the
blood
of
the
Inhabitants
,
and
incessantly
stretching
the
Jurisdiction
of
their
Masters
,
to
build
up
their
own
Fortunes
,
should
have
the
pillaging
of
Athens
,
under
pretence
of
advancing
the
dignity
of
their
Lords
.
The
Jurisdiction
of
the
Vecchiados
extends
only
to
the
Civil
Affairs
of
the
Christians
,
from
whose
Sentences
there
lies
an
appeal
to
the
Cadi
;
but
to
prevent
those
appeals
,
and
conceal
their
differences
from
the
Cadi
,
the
Vecchiados
do
oftner
act
as
Mediators
than
Judges
,
endeavouring
in
an
amicable
way
to
compose
their
controversies
.
The
most
considerable
among
the
Vecchiados
are
the
two
Paleologi
,
Stamatis
,
and
Jannis
.
The
two
Beninzellos
,
Jannis
,
and
Demetrios
.
Janachis
Coro●lis
,
Dimitrios
Periolis
,
Leonardus
Scliros
,
Dimitrios
Macola
,
Panajotti
Cavalleiris
,
Janis
Verdogonis
,
Polimenos
Zarlis
,
Stamatis
Calchondile
,
and
an
excellent
person
called
Capitanakis
,
a
rich
Merchant
that
speaks
Italian
very
well
,
and
has
a
great
kindness
for
the
Franks
.
He
lived
a
long
time
in
Zant
,
where
he
contracted
a
friendship
with
Taulignan
the
French
Consul
:
He
has
a
Son
a
very
fine
Gentleman
.
The
Vecchiados
are
distinguished
from
the
rest
of
the
Inhabitants
by
a
little
Hat
which
they
wear
upon
their
heads
:
They
hold
their
Offices
for
life
,
and
when
any
of
them
die
,
his
place
is
supplied
by
the
suffrage
of
the
Survivors
,
but
with
the
approbation
of
the
Cadi
.
They
have
no
precise
Court
,
or
fixed
place
where
they
assemble
;
sometimes
they
meet
at
the
houses
of
the
Paleologi
;
sometimes
with
one
,
sometimes
with
another
,
but
commonly
at
the
houses
of
the
ancientest
and
most
considerable
among
them
.
Their
Clerk
or
Secretary
keeps
the
minutes
and
Register
of
all
Causes
or
Contracts
passing
betwixt
the
Christians
in
Athens
for
Houses
,
Lands
,
or
immoveable
goods
,
(
for
by
their
Articles
with
Mahomet
they
were
continued
in
the
possession
of
their
Estates
)
and
their
Bargains
are
all
ratified
by
the
Cadi
.
The
Christians
are
not
exempt
from
the
duty
upon
Slaves
,
but
for
a
small
sum
of
money
they
enfranchise
themselves
,
and
for
reasons
which
I
shall
tell
you
hereafter
,
even
that
is
not
collected
with
so
much
severity
as
in
other
places
,
this
Tax
having
been
remitted
or
neglected
since
1666.
Their
Pole-money
,
or
Tax
by
the
Head
,
which
they
call
Caratge
,
is
at
Athens
two
Crowns
per
annum
,
but
the
Women
pay
nothing
.
There
is
also
another
Tax
called
Avalis
which
the
Grand
Signior
exacts
for
the
security
of
the
Seas
,
and
this
is
levied
upon
their
Chimnies
,
but
several
persons
are
exempt
,
and
particularly
all
that
are
any
ways
serviceable
in
the
Castle
,
as
those
who
are
employed
about
repairing
the
Walls
;
conveying
or
securing
the
Waters
;
scouring
the
Arms
;
fitting
the
Carriages
for
the
Cannon
,
and
such
things
.
When
this
Avalis
is
collecting
,
you
shall
see
all
the
Priviledged
Persons
with
their
Patents
and
Letters
of
Exemption
thronging
about
the
Receiver
:
But
you
must
know
that
all
thei●
Exemptions
derive
not
from
one
Prince
;
some
were
granted
by
Mahomet
II.
some
by
Solyman
the
Great
;
and
others
by
Am●rath
;
however
they
will
be
sure
to
have
them
ratified
,
and
that
ratification
is
to
be
done
at
the
Port
by
the
Officers
of
the
Divan
.
The
great
favours
that
they
received
from
Mahomet
(
a
Prince
severe
enough
to
all
other
Christians
)
made
the
Athenians
uneasie
under
the
domination
of
the
Christian
Princes
,
and
I
have
been
told
they
retained
an
aversion
to
them
a
long
time
:
But
of
late
they
are
come
to
themselves
,
and
as
weary
of
the
Barbarity
of
the
Turks
,
who
have
for
some
time
used
them
worse
tha●
the
rest
of
the
Cities
in
Greece
;
so
as
now
they
would
willingly
hearken
to
their
ol●
temptation
of
Liberty
,
if
Christendom
could
espouse
them
,
or
propose
any
power
that
was
likely
to
sustain
them
.
The
Malteses
,
and
other
Christian
Privateers
never
make
any
descent
,
or
take
any
Prizes
upon
their
Coasts
,
but
the
Turks
charge
them
with
Intelligence
and
Combination
,
and
attribute
the
whole
mischief
thereto
.
Upon
these
pretences
,
they
immediately
take
the
most
wealthy
of
the
Inhabitants
into
Custody
,
and
force
them
to
great
Compositions
before
they
are
dismiss'd
.
There
are
great
Factions
among
the
Vecchiados
,
and
at
present
even
among
the
three
Paleologi
(
for
besides
the
two
that
are
Vecchiados
,
there
is
a
third
who
has
devoted
himself
to
an
Ecclesiastical
life
)
For
some
three
or
four
years
since
,
upon
a
difference
about
the
division
of
Goods
,
they
conceived
so
great
a
displeasure
and
animosity
to
one
another
,
that
they
accused
one
another
of
Treason
to
the
Grand
Signior
,
and
of
holding
Intelligence
with
the
Venetian
.
But
the
Family
of
the
Beninzellos
being
nearly
allied
to
them
,
has
interposed
,
and
with
the
exhortations
and
admonitions
of
Father
Simon
,
in
some
measure
lessened
their
Pique
.
And
at
length
that
Star
,
which
some
Ages
since
was
so
propitious
to
this
City
,
shines
again
upon
it
with
the
same
rays
and
emanations
of
Kindness
;
it
being
at
this
hour
the
happiest
City
in
Greece
,
and
the
best
protected
.
It
s
dependance
is
upon
Keslar-Agasi
,
a
black
Eunuch
that
has
the
superintendency
of
the
Odaliques
,
or
Ladies
of
the
Seraglio
.
He
it
is
that
has
the
sole
and
absolute
Command
of
that
secre●
appartment
,
an
Office
which
the
Grand
Signior
intrusts
to
none
but
the
Negro
Eunuchs
,
and
of
them
he
chooses
the
most
deformed
,
to
give
his
Misses
the
less
temptation
.
This
Eunuchs
kindness
for
Athens
,
may
possibly
respite
its
Calamities
for
some
time
,
his
Office
being
one
of
the
most
considerable
in
that
Empire
,
conducting
much
of
the
Sultan's
private
Pleasures
,
and
approaching
him
in
the
sweetest
moments
of
his
life
,
and
most
proper
for
obtaining
a
Boon
.
The
present
prosperity
of
Athens
,
may
be
ascribed
to
a
young
Virgin
of
this
City
,
born
in
the
Reign
of
Mahomet
III.
who
died
in
the
year
1604
,
and
was
Great-Grandfather
to
Mahomet
IV.
the
present
Emperour
of
the
Turks
.
This
young
Athenian
Virgin
was
called
Basilia
;
but
the
excellence
of
her
beauty
having
brought
her
into
the
Seraglio
,
the
Turks
gave
her
a
new
name
,
and
called
her
Johahi
.
She
missed
narrowly
of
being
made
Hunkiar
Asaki
,
or
chief
Sultaness
;
but
she
was
not
altogether
so
happy
as
three
other
Virgins
of
the
same
City
,
which
came
to
be
Empresses
of
the
East
.
Anno
421
Theodusius
,
the
second
Son
of
Arcadius
,
married
Athenais
the
Daughter
of
Leontius
the
noble
Philosopher
of
Athens
,
and
changed
her
name
from
Athenais
to
Eudoxa
,
under
both
which
she
passed
for
the
most
learned
,
most
prudent
,
and
most
beautiful
Lady
of
her
time
.
Anno
769
After
her
,
Leo
,
Son
of
Constantine
Copronymus
married
Irene
of
the
same
City
,
but
neither
so
fair
nor
so
well
qualified
as
Athenais
.
Anno
808
Not
long
after
Stauracus
Son
of
Nicephorus
(
who
governed
the
Empire
but
few
months
)
married
Theophan
,
a
beautiful
young
Virgin
of
Athens
likewise
.
This
Basilia
was
of
Christian
Parents
,
and
torn
from
them
in
her
minority
by
the
Turkish
Officers
that
collected
the
Duties
upon
Children
in
those
Parts
,
and
had
been
informed
of
her
excellent
beauty
.
Her
Mother
,
when
they
were
carrying
her
away
,
weeping
over
her
most
bitterly
,
and
clipping
her
in
her
Arms
,
conjured
her
to
be
always
mindful
of
her
Religion
,
and
the
calamities
of
her
Country
;
and
the
good
Creature
never
forgot
what
her
Mother
so
earnestly
recommended
.
She
was
put
into
the
Seraglio
about
the
beginning
of
the
Reign
of
Achmet
,
an
effeminate
and
voluptuous
Prince
,
and
one
,
who
of
all
the
good
qualities
convenient
for
a
Soldier
,
had
none
but
a
faculty
in
making
of
Arrows
;
which
rendered
him
so
contemptible
to
his
Janizaries
,
that
in
a
Tumult
,
by
way
of
insolence
and
decision
,
they
told
him
he
need
not
trouble
himself
to
make
his
Arrows
extraordinary
,
seeing
he
had
not
courage
enough
to
try
them
upon
the
Christians
.
This
being
the
most
sensual
Prince
,
and
perhaps
person
of
his
time
,
it
was
not
strange
if
in
his
Reig●
the
Seraglio
was
fuller
of
Beauties
than
ever
:
All
the
Beglerbegs
or
General
Governours
of
Provinces
;
all
the
Sangiac's
o●
particular
Governours
(
convinced
it
would
relish
him
very
well
,
and
was
the
ready
way
to
keep
them
in
their
places
,
if
not
to
advance
them
)
sent
to
him
daily
the
choisest
Beauties
they
could
find
,
adorned
with
rich
Jewels
,
and
furnished
with
Presents
to
be
distributed
among
the
Officers
of
the
Seraglio
and
the
Eunuchs
,
to
engage
them
in
their
Interests
,
and
to
the
protection
o●
those
who
had
sent
them
.
The
Keslar-Agasi
was
always
to
have
the
best
share
,
for
it
is
as
he
pleases
,
that
these
Beauties
are
admitted
or
not
to
the
Caresses
of
the
Sultan
.
She
that
can
make
him
her
friend
,
ha●
put
her
Affairs
in
a
good
way
,
and
the
Belgerbegs
that
sent
her
;
for
the
Keslar-Agasi
knows
well
enough
how
and
whe●
to
recommend
them
to
his
Master
.
But
Basilia
or
Johahi
came
to
the
Seraglio
without
Jewels
or
any
advantage
but
her
own
beauty
;
Fortune
had
given
her
no
better
Patrons
than
the
inferiour
Officers
at
Athens
who
had
taken
her
by
force
from
her
Parents
,
upon
which
score
detesting
their
Persons
,
and
abhorring
their
Violence
she
would
not
have
taken
their
Presents
,
had
they
been
in
a
condition
to
have
given
them
.
Nevertheless
Custom
obliged
,
and
she
ought
to
have
done
it
;
whereupon
at
her
entrance
into
the
Seraglio
one
of
the
black
Eunuchs
whispered
her
in
the
Ear
,
and
told
her
,
You
must
by
no
means
do
as
the
last
did
that
came
in
before
you
;
she
made
no
Presents
to
the
Officers
,
and
so
fell
●nto
disgrace
.
She
had
not
gone
six
steps
,
before
another
,
an
old
Kadun
or
Governess
(
each
of
which
has
five
Damoisels
under
her
Tuition
)
being
taken
with
the
beauty
of
Johahi
accosted
her
thus
:
What
Basha
is
it
that
you
desire
to
befriend
?
Your
Beauty
is
sufficient
to
attone
for
any
Crime
he
shall
commit
;
Your
Eyes
carrying
with
them
a
protection
for
all
his
enormities
.
The
custom
of
Flattery
is
universal
,
and
●he
appetite
of
Lucre
is
as
great
,
and
disposes
of
all
things
as
powerfully
in
the
Seraglio
as
any
where
else
.
But
't
is
very
strange
the
Eunuchs
should
be
so
covetous
in
these
places
,
having
their
Fortunes
settled
for
their
lives
,
and
no
Children
when
they
are
dead
to
inherit
the
vast
Treasures
which
they
amass
:
This
shows
clearly
that
no
reason
is
to
be
required
of
that
general
weakness
in
mankind
,
and
that
our
Vices
d●
flow
rather
from
the
corruption
of
our
Natures
,
than
the
necessities
of
Life
.
Johahi
returned
no
answer
to
these
Mercenaries
,
but
in
these
words
,
which
she
repeated
often
in
the
Seraglio
;
I
should
d●
you
no
service
if
I
should
tell
you
the
City
where
I
was
born
,
seeing
it
is
too
poor
t●
afford
you
any
considerable
advantage
;
managing
by
little
and
little
with
great
prudence
what
her
Mother
had
so
seriously
recommended
for
the
advantage
of
her
Country
.
She
was
put
immediately
into
the
Custody
of
the
Kadun
Kiaia
,
which
is
the
Principal
Governess
of
all
the
Damoisell●
and
as
she
was
carrying
her
into
the
Chuck
chuck
Oda
or
Chamber
of
new
Comers
,
th●
Sultan
was
by
the
way
recreating
himsel●
with
seven
or
eight
of
his
Favourites
:
A●
the
news
of
her
arrival
,
he
put
an
end
to
his
sports
,
all
the
preparation
was
laid
by
and
a
mortal
jealousie
seized
upon
the
re●●
of
the
Nymphs
,
who
upon
such
occasion
are
,
betwixt
fear
and
curiosity
,
under
strang●
agitations
;
and
indeed
where
are
the
Rivals
that
would
not
tremble
upon
such
an
Alarm
?
Those
only
who
are
rejected
are
pleased
with
such
accidents
,
and
do
commonly
pronounce
the
new
Comers
the
handsomest
they
ever
saw
in
despite
to
those
for
whom
they
had
been
refused
.
It
was
observed
,
the
Sultan
expressed
no
great
impatience
to
see
her
,
which
gave
some
satisfaction
to
the
Favourites
:
He
only
demanded
whether
she
was
as
handsom
as
was
reported
,
and
immediately
four
of
the
Odaliques
proffered
their
service
to
go
see
,
and
their
report
was
already
determined
,
at
least
the
Sultan
believed
it
so
;
for
being
well
acquainted
with
the
humours
of
that
Sex
,
he
conceived
they
would
readily
speak
against
their
minds
,
and
being
envious
of
one
anothers
greatness
,
commend
that
cunningly
which
perhaps
they
did
not
approve
;
and
condemn
that
which
privately
they
admired
.
The
Sultan
understood
well
enough
the
power
of
their
jealousie
,
and
knew
how
to
interpret
their
character
of
Johahi
.
But
he
had
no
occasion
to
make
●se
of
his
skill
;
the
Messengers
never
came
back
,
which
was
of
great
advantage
to
the
Athenian
,
for
he
concluded
they
were
unwilling
to
give
him
a
description
of
the
●ranscendency
of
their
Rival
.
Upon
this
presumption
he
ran
to
her
himself
;
he
saw
her
,
surveyed
her
,
and
liked
her
so
well
,
he
entertained
himself
two
whole
days
with
her
,
and
for
a
long
time
made
all
his
Courtship
to
her
.
The
first
thing
she
did
was
to
enquire
into
,
and
consider
all
the
Caballs
,
and
Intrigues
of
the
young
Damoiselles
,
resolving
to
take
her
measures
a
quite
contrary
way
.
Being
one
day
with
the
Sultan
in
a
Kiosque
or
Pavillion
that
looked
upon
the
Sea
,
she
slily
took
opportunity
to
insinuate
the
ambition
and
Corruption
of
his
favourites
who
sold
all
the
Offices
of
the
Empire
by
the
mediation
of
his
Eunuchs
bartering
for
all
publick
Employments
both
of
War
and
of
Peace
.
The
Sulta●
being
then
in
a
good
humour
,
had
sent
fo●
five
or
six
of
his
beloved
Odaliques
to
ad●
to
his
mirth
:
When
they
came
near
,
Joh●●
presented
them
to
the
Sultan
in
a
smilin●
but
malitious
way
,
adressing
herself
to
hi●
in
this
manner
(
which
sufficiently
shows
th●
great
veneration
the
Turks
have
for
thei●
Emperour
)
God
prolong
your
blessed
day●
The
Holy
Prophet
preserve
you
;
See
,
Sir
,
〈◊〉
troop
of
fair
Ladies
,
ambitious
to
approac●
the
King
and
Soveraign
both
of
the
Lan●
and
the
Sea
:
and
then
(
not
staying
for
th●
Sultan's
answer
)
she
presented
them
to
hi●
one
after
another
,
adding
with
profound
respect
,
The
blessing
of
God
go
with
you
:
The
peace
of
the
Holy
Prophet
make
your
days
happy
:
This
,
Sire
,
is
the
Basha
of
Alepo
,
presenting
one
to
him
who
but
two
days
before
had
obtained
that
Bashaship
for
a
person
who
had
bribed
her
sufficiently
.
This
,
Sire
,
is
the
Bey
of
Mesitra
,
and
this
the
Cadi
of
Trebazond
,
but
he
has
but
two
days
to
be
Cadi
,
for
there
is
another
offers
a
thousand
Sequins
more
.
For
my
part
,
Sir
,
(
the
great
Prophet
bless
your
Reign
)
I
aspire
to
nothing
but
a
place
in
your
favour
and
affection
;
and
that
I
would
purchase
with
the
best
and
dearest
of
my
blood
:
I
leave
the
disposal
of
the
great
Offices
to
my
Companions
;
let
them
leave
me
the
heart
of
my
Soveraign
and
we
shall
be
all
contented
.
The
Sultan
smiled
,
and
being
alwayes
ready
to
gratifie
his
Odaliques
,
he
commanded
Johahi
to
ask
something
of
him
,
and
in
merriment
reproached
her
by
her
Generosity
.
Johahi
(
who
to
compass
her
designs
,
had
proposed
other
Methods
than
what
were
practised
by
her
Companions
)
instead
of
snatching
at
the
opportunity
,
replyed
with
great
modesty
to
the
Sultan
;
The
favour
of
our
Prophet
protect
you
,
the
Great
God
preserve
you
:
Do
not
divert
me
,
Your
Majesty
is
not
sensible
of
my
avarice
,
my
Petition
is
for
your
heart
and
affection
;
in
gaining
that
I
should
be
more
rich
,
and
in
requesting
it
I
have
been
more
selfish
than
all
the
rest
of
your
slaves
▪
In
this
manner
she
dallied
a
long
time
,
refusing
the
liberality
of
the
Sultan
,
insomuch
that
he
was
forced
to
delude
her
,
and
caus●
presents
to
be
delivered
underhand
to
the
Eunuchs
and
Caduns
in
Johahi's
name
,
a●●
if
they
had
been
sent
from
her
:
Whe●
they
came
to
return
their
thanks
,
she
wa●
amazed
,
and
for
some
time
believed
it
be
●
mockery
,
and
done
to
reproach
her
for
th●
omission
of
a
Custom
that
had
been
practised
by
every
body
else
:
But
by
degrees
she
perceived
it
was
the
generosity
of
her
Gallant
who
had
prevented
her
desires
:
Al●
this
did
not
transport
her
,
or
tempt
her
beyond
her
former
Moderation
:
But
at
length
he
grew
angry
,
and
being
impatient
of
expressing
his
Love
to
her
by
some
consider
able
boon
,
he
told
her
in
some
heat
,
that
h●
could
be
as
proud
as
She
,
and
that
since
Johahi
despised
his
favours
,
he
was
resolve●
to
receive
no
more
favours
from
her
.
Johahi
saw
now
was
her
time
,
she
repaire●
immediately
to
the
Keslar-Agasi
,
and
desired
him
to
go
along
with
her
to
the
Emperour
,
and
being
come
into
his
presence
,
sh●
addressed
in
this
manner
;
Behold
,
Sir
,
you●
slave
,
I
am
now
in
need
of
your
bounty
,
the
great
Prophet
sanctifie
your
days
,
and
showre
down
perpetual
health
and
happiness
upon
Your
Sacred
head
:
I
shall
beg
nothing
of
Your
Majesty
,
but
for
those
persons
that
are
nearest
Your
most
sublime
Throne
:
Why
should
Your
Majesties
vast
Bounty
exhaust
it self
abroad
,
when
in
Your
own
Court
You
have
such
excellent
objects
?
My
first
Petition
is
for
Your
Majesties
most
sublime
and
incomparable
self
,
that
You
would
have
more
care
of
Your
own
health
,
and
ease
,
and
satisfaction
.
In
my
own
particular
,
I
should
be
too
happy
if
Your
Great
Majesty
would
vouchsafe
to
Grant
my
Petition
;
but
most
of
all
,
if
any
pains
or
diligence
of
mine
could
procure
,
or
,
but
in
the
least
contribute
to
them
.
God
make
you
victorious
over
your
Enemies
,
and
may
our
good
Prophet
pour
down
his
blessing
into
your
heart
.
There
is
not
a
person
in
Your
Majesties
vast
Empire
to
whom
I
can
pay
any
thing
more
justly
●han
to
this
Keslar-Agasi
before
you
:
And
I
know
nothing
that
I
can
ask
for
him
so
properly
,
as
the
Government
of
the
City
where
I
was
born
.
Confer
,
I
beseech
you
,
upon
a
Slave
that
has
been
so
faithfull
to
Your
Sacred
Majesty
and
Your
Interests
the
Revenue
of
Athens
,
and
permit
him
to
sub●titute
under
him
Kiais
and
such
Officers
as
may
not
abuse
Your
Divine
Authority
,
as
other
have
done
before
them
,
of
whose
violences
and
extortions
my
miserable
Parents
have
many
times
given
me
sad
and
deplorable
Relations
.
Her
request
was
immediately
granted
,
yet
not
without
regret
in
the
Sultan
,
to
see
that
she
was
not
to
have
the
profit
of
it
her self
,
and
that
she
had
found
out
a
way
to
draw
a
boon
from
him
,
without
being
obliged
her self
to
call
him
Benefactor
.
By
this
means
,
the
City
of
Athens
became
dependant
upon
the
Keslar-Agasi
,
and
the
Revenue
ever
since
accrued
to
the
Successors
in
that
Office
.
That
Keslar-Agasi
sent
thither
a
Deputy
or
Farmer
with
express
Order
against
Rapine
and
Extortion
,
which
Order
was
not
only
executed
then
,
but
has
been
observed
ever
since
.
After
she
had
laboured
so
happily
for
the
benefit
of
her
Countrey
,
Johahi
proved
with
Child
,
and
the
Sultans
Love
(
which
formerly
was
volatile
)
being
fixed
in
her
,
transported
with
hopes
of
a
Son
to
inheri●
his
Empire
,
he
was
so
forward
as
to
settl●
him
a
Family
.
He
appointed
him
a
Validi-Agasi
,
or
Chief
of
the
old
Sultanness
black
Eunuchs
,
and
an
Eschatradeler-Agasi
o●
black
Eunuch
that
has
the
Tuition
of
the
Sultans
Children
;
but
She
died
in
labour
and
the
Child
,
which
was
a
Son
,
with
her
who
had
doubtless
been
concerned
in
the
Empire
,
being
born
a
full
Year
before
the
unfortunate
Osman
who
succeeded
Achmet
.
The
Sultan
was
infinitely
grieved
for
the
loss
of
Johahi
,
and
being
jealous
that
some
of
his
she-favourites
had
given
her
a
lift
,
(
which
is
a
practise
too
common
among
them
)
he
clapped
two
or
three
of
the
most
suspected
of
them
into
the
Old
Seraglio
,
which
is
never
done
but
when
the
Sultan
dies
,
to
whom
they
were
Favourites
.
This
Grant
which
was
given
by
Achmet
to
the
Keslar-Agasi
,
has
been
ever
since
continued
to
that
Office
;
but
he
who
was
most
Generous
,
and
from
whom
the
City
of
Athens
received
the
most
honourable
protection
,
was
slain
in
that
great
and
dangerous
Sedition
in
Constantinople
in
March
1655.
This
is
the
Story
that
was
told
by
a
black
Eunuch
,
that
the
Keslar-Agasi
sent
to
Athens
to
take
possession
of
his
new
Demeasnes
:
What
honours
would
have
been
shown
?
what
Statues
and
Monuments
erected
to
this
Johahi
by
the
City
of
Athens
,
had
she
been
born
in
an
Age
when
that
poor
Town
was
more
flourishing
and
gratefull
?
At
present
it
is
content
to
receive
any
benefit
,
without
inquiring
from
what
hand
it
comes
.
The
good
man
Capitanakis
,
and
a
Caloger
called
Hyeros
Monachos
Damashinos
(
who
gave
us
this
account
)
seemed
to
be
much
concerned
that
the
memory
of
this
Johahi
was
almost
lost
in
that
City
,
though
in
other
things
(
perhaps
less
considerable
)
not
only
events
,
but
names
,
and
other
circumstances
of
above
3000.
Years
standing
,
are
Recorded
.
The
Revenue
of
this
Demeasn
is
Farmed
every
year
to
him
who
gives
most
,
and
yet
it
seldom
amounts
to
above
7
or
8000
Piasters
;
and
though
he
who
Rents
it
,
is
but
really
a
Farmer
,
yet
he
takes
upon
himself
the
quality
of
a
Vaywode
.
The
best
part
of
the
Revenue
is
the
Customs
;
he
receives
likewise
the
tenth
of
their
Avelanade
that
grows
about
Athens
.
This
Avelande
is
a
kind
of
Akorn
which
they
use
for
Dying
,
but
it
is
most
proper
for
Tanning
of
Leather
.
When
this
Vaywode
is
an
austere
man
,
and
values
himself
,
as
he
does
who
is
at
present
in
the
place
,
all
people
fear
him
,
and
even
the
Cadi
himself
.
To
give
you
an
instance
.
Father
Lewis
of
Paris
(
a
zealous
Capuchin
now
,
though
formerly
a
Lieutenant
Colonel
in
the
Regiment
of
Monsieur
le
Mareshal
de
la
Motte
Fauda●cour
)
being
Catechising
one
day
in
Athens
,
as
an
incouragement
to
a
Boy
in
whom
he
found
great
hopes
both
of
Memory
and
Judgment
,
he
gave
him
an
Agnus
.
As
the
Lad
was
going
from
him
,
a
Turkish
Boy
snatched
the
Agnus
away
out
of
the
hands
of
the
Christian
.
Father
Lewis
being
by
,
and
apprehending
Profanation
,
stopped
the
Turk
,
would
have
it
again
,
and
laying
hold
of
his
Vest
,
the
Boy
struggled
,
and
his
Vest
was
torn
.
Some
Mahumetans
standing
by
,
and
glad
of
the
occasion
,
cried
out
a
Christian
is
beating
of
a
Turk
,
which
with
them
is
no
less
than
Capital
.
A
Tumult
was
immediately
raised
,
the
Cadi
sent
for
,
and
immediately
he
gave
Sentence
against
the
poor
Father
,
who
submitted
with
all
meekness
.
The
Consul
privately
sent
a
dozen
Loaves
of
Sugar
to
the
Vaywode
,
and
gave
him
an
account
of
Proceedings
:
The
Vaywood
repaired
to
the
place
,
reprehended
the
Cadi
for
his
forwardness
,
and
told
him
he
would
examine
the
business
himself
,
and
see
it
decided
next
morning
:
Immediately
he
discharged
the
Father
out
of
Prison
,
and
delivered
him
to
the
custody
of
the
Consul
;
at
night
he
went
himself
to
the
houses
of
the
Informers
,
and
threatning
to
drub
them
,
he
made
them
recant
,
by
which
means
he
rescued
the
poor
Capuchin
in
despight
of
the
Cadi
.
This
Father
is
at
present
very
well
,
and
lives
in
Napoli
di
Romania
.
Tuesday
the
23.
in
the
Morning
,
the
first
thing
we
did
was
to
secure
our selves
of
the
protection
of
the
Turkish
Officers
,
to
whom
we
presented
several
curiosities
,
and
afterwards
made
them
a
Visit
our●●lves
:
Bianchi
would
by
no
means
be
perswaded
along
with
us
for
reasons
that
he
kept
to
himself
.
For
our
Interpreter
,
we
made
choise
of
a
Janizary
,
a
haughty
supercilious
fellow
,
but
one
who
knew
every
body
,
was
well
known
himself
,
and
spake
Italian
very
well
.
In
a
word
,
our
confidence
in
him
was
so
great
,
that
we
refused
Cajetas
the
English
,
and
Baptista
Jannis
the
French
Dragoman
,
who
were
each
of
them
proposed
to
us
.
The
Sardar
and
the
Cadi
were
not
then
in
Athens
;
some
three
or
four
days
before
the
Sardar
was
gone
to
one
of
his
Country
Houses
not
far
from
Lepsina
;
We
therefore
addressed
our selves
to
the
Disdar
in
the
Castle
,
but
more
in
curiosity
than
duty
.
When
a
Stranger
or
Greek
himself
desires
to
go
into
the
Castle
,
he
must
have
the
consent
of
the
Disdar
,
who
sends
his
Ring
for
their
safe
Conduct
;
and
the
Servant
by
whom
his
Ring
is
sent
(
receiving
a
Present
,
either
from
Greek
or
Stranger
)
showing
his
Ring
,
the
Guards
suffer
him
to
pass
,
as
we
found
by
experience
.
In
the
time
that
Athens
flourished
,
the
Castle
stood
in
the
middle
of
the
Town
,
and
was
called
indifferently
Glaucopion
,
Parthenon
,
Cecropia
,
Polis
,
and
Acropolis
,
at
present
they
call
it
Castro
.
It
is
situate
upon
a
Mountain
which
the
Ancients
called
Tritonion
,
because
dedicated
to
the
Goddess
Minerva
,
called
formerly
Tritonia
,
or
Tritogenia
.
As
we
were
making
our
Tower
,
to
get
up
to
the
Castle
,
we
saw
at
the
top
of
the
Rock
a
Caloger
or
Nun
of
the
Order
of
St.
Basil
,
who
kept
the
door
of
a
much
frequented
Church
that
stands
in
the
hollow
of
the
said
Rock
:
The
Church
is
called
Panagia
,
as
being
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
we
being
willing
to
bestow
the
first
fruits
of
our
curiosity
upon
it
,
went
in
,
and
found
it
very
handsom
,
and
richly
adorned
by
the
care
of
the
Lady
Governness
.
As
soon
as
we
were
come
forth
of
the
Panagia
,
I
perswaded
our
Companions
to
look
about
them
more
seriously
,
for
it
was
thereabouts
that
the
Grotto
was
,
which
among
the
Ancients
was
so
Famous
for
the
adventures
betwixt
Apollo
and
Creusa
,
Daughter
of
a
King
of
Athens
;
which
Grotto
was
afterwards
by
the
Athenians
turned
into
a
Temple
,
and
dedicated
to
Apollo
and
Pan
:
And
thanks
to
the
hardness
of
the
Rock
,
there
is
the
most
entire
relique
of
all
the
Monuments
remaining
of
the
Old
Athens
;
and
of
this
Grotto
Euripides
makes
mention
in
two
or
three
of
his
Tragedies
.
The
hollow
Rock
that
is
near
it
was
called
Macrae
Petrae
,
and
it
was
admired
by
some
of
us
(
more
verst
in
Warlike
Affairs
than
the
rest
)
that
the
Christian
Corsaires
,
among
their
many
Designs
and
Enterprizes
upon
the
Turks
,
never
thought
of
making
use
of
that
hole
as
of
a
Mine
half
made
to
their
hands
for
blowing
up
the
Castle
,
which
in
their
judgment
ten
or
twelve
Barrels
of
Powder
would
easily
and
effectually
have
done
:
but
this
was
only
whispered
among
our selves
,
for
the
Turks
are
very
shy
in
those
points
,
and
we
had
our
Janizaries
always
at
our
heels
.
It
is
most
certain
,
that
about
eighteen
months
since
,
a
Greek
of
the
Island
of
Candia
who
had
lived
long
in
Athens
,
came
privately
to
Daniel
Justiniani
,
Commissary
and
Treasurer-General
for
the
Venetian
Fleet
,
and
proposed
to
him
the
pillaging
of
Athens
,
which
being
an
open
Town
would
have
been
no
hard
matter
,
and
for
the
Castle
,
he
would
have
taken
that
by
the
hole
I
mentioned
before
;
to
effect
this
,
the
Candiot
desired
only
eight
hundred
Men
,
and
three
or
four
Field-Pieces
(
more
for
terrour
than
execution
)
with
ten
barrels
of
Powder
for
springing
the
Mine
.
It
is
said
,
that
at
first
Justiniani
rejected
his
proposition
,
upon
the
score
,
that
the
Plague
was
in
Athens
,
and
he
was
fearful
the
Troops
which
he
imployed
in
that
Enterprize
should
bring
the
Sickness
into
the
Venetian
Fleet
:
But
afterwards
having
considered
it
better
,
he
Communicated
with
Francisco
Cornaro
,
and
Zorz
Foscarini
,
two
Noble
Venetians
that
served
in
Candy
,
and
all
three
of
them
resolved
to
have
broke
it
to
General
Morosini
,
and
the
Proveditor
Cornaro
;
but
in
the
very
nick
,
the
Venetians
,
having
the
better
against
the
Turks
in
a
Sea-fight
upon
the
Coast
of
Candia
,
changed
their
minds
and
took
other
measures
.
For
my
own
part
,
when
I
heard
of
this
design
,
I
concluded
it
rejected
upon
account
of
difficult
execution
,
for
the
Guards
in
the
Pyrgo
or
Watch-Tower
in
Porto-Lione
,
are
too
diligent
to
have
been
surprized
,
or
to
have
failed
giving
timely
Alarm
to
the
Athenians
,
though
dispersed
up
and
down
in
the
Country
by
reason
of
the
Plague
:
Besides
,
the
distance
betwixt
Athens
and
Porto-Lione
(
where
their
descent
must
have
been
made
)
would
have
given
the
Athenians
leasure
to
have
got
into
a
body
,
and
endangered
the
retreat
of
the
Venetians
,
though
they
had
come
in
a
body
of
four
thousand
men
;
and
as
to
the
blowing
up
the
Castle
by
that
hole
in
the
Grotto
,
I
thought
it
unpracticable
in
respect
of
the
height
of
the
Rock
,
which
is
of
such
a
nature
,
that
the
breach
cannot
be
favourable
;
for
let
the
Rock
fall
which
way
it
will
,
it
will
fall
into
the
Mine
,
and
leave
such
heaps
of
rubbish
as
will
require
another
Mine
to
remove
,
which
is
not
to
be
done
without
more
time
than
is
consistent
with
those
sudden
attempts
;
in
a
word
,
the
Venetians
durst
not
venture
upon
it
.
From
the
Panagia
we
passed
on
towards
the
Castle
,
and
nothing
could
be
more
remarkable
than
the
way
by
which
we
went
:
It
was
made
of
the
ruines
of
the
old
Lyceum
,
the
Famous
School
where
Aristotle
taught
his
Philosophy
.
It
is
now
level
,
and
very
pleasant
,
but
nothing
to
be
seen
of
the
old
Palaestra
where
their
Champions
wrestled
.
Upon
this
flat
it
is
,
that
in
time
of
War
,
their
new
raised
men
are
exercised
,
and
prepared
for
the
Field
.
Upon
certain
dayes
in
the
year
,
the
Athenians
dine
publickly
upon
it
,
where
they
have
no
want
of
water
,
being
supplyed
by
the
ruines
of
an
old
Aquaeduct
.
We
fell
into
mighty
Topographical
disputes
about
the
place
where
formerly
stood
that
Famous
Fountain
called
Panopis
,
whose
waters
have
been
since
diverted
.
That
Fountain
was
called
also
Diocharis
,
as
being
not
far
from
a
Gate
of
the
City
of
that
Name
:
There
are
some
wooden
Pipes
to
be
seen
,
but
nothing
so
big
as
has
been
mentioned
by
very
credible
Authors
.
The
Trees
which
have
been
planted
are
so
shady
and
delightful
,
that
it
is
become
the
common
walk
of
the
Town
,
and
is
therefore
called
Peripatus
,
and
questionless
,
it
was
the
convenience
of
that
,
which
invited
Aristotle
,
gave
him
opportunity
of
teaching
his
Disciples
as
he
was
walking
,
and
the
name
of
Peripateticks
to
his
Followers
.
To
dilate
upon
their
Doctrine
would
be
superfluous
,
seeing
it
is
at
this
day
the
great
Theme
of
our
Schools
:
I
shall
only
say
,
that
their
great
study
is
to
understand
the
proprieties
of
Nature
,
and
the
force
of
second
causes
.
Their
Morality
is
pleasant
,
affirming
,
that
to
arrive
at
the
Summum
Bonum
,
and
make
our
lives
happy
in
this
World
,
our
Virtue
must
be
beholding
to
the
advantages
and
commodities
of
our
Bodies
:
Corporis
commodis
compleri
vitam
beatam
putant
.
As
to
passions
,
they
are
so
far
from
eradicating
them
,
that
they
believe
them
necessary
.
Theophrastus
upon
the
flight
of
Aristotle
taught
in
the
same
School
,
and
had
above
two
thousand
Scholars
.
In
this
Lycaeum
was
also
kept
the
Court
of
the
Polemark
,
who
is
the
third
of
the
nine
Archontes
:
The
first
of
the
Archontes
by
way
of
excellence
was
called
Archonte
;
the
second
,
King
of
the
Sacrifices
;
the
third
Polemarque
;
and
the
six
others
promiscuously
by
the
name
of
The
smothetes
.
This
Tribunal
in
the
Lycaeum
was
principally
for
strangers
,
for
in
time
of
War
the
Polemarque
was
Captain-General
of
all
the
Forces
of
that
Common-wealth
;
and
in
time
of
Peace
,
he
was
Judge
in
all
Causes
and
Controversies
betwixt
Strangers
and
the
Inhabitants
of
that
Town
.
Not
far
from
this
Tribunal
stood
a
Statue
of
Heros
Lycus
or
Lycius
the
Son
of
Pandion
;
which
Statue
represented
a
Wolf
,
and
by
every
Tribunal
in
the
City
there
was
a
Statue
of
the
same
Figure
.
About
sixty
yards
from
thence
,
upon
a●
Eminence
,
as
Herodotus
observes
,
are
to
be
seen
the
ruines
of
the
Areopagus
,
that
Renowned
and
Majestick
Court
,
whose
Members
are
never
mentioned
in
History
,
but
with
great
Veneration
for
their
transcendent
Integrity
and
Justice
.
It
was
denominated
Areopagus
from
Ares
,
a
Name
which
the
Greeks
had
given
to
Mars
;
and
the
first
Cause
that
was
ever
heard
in
it
,
was
an
Impeachment
against
him
,
for
having
slain
one
of
the
Sons
of
Neptune
.
Perhaps
you
may
remember
how
those
Pagans
are
reproached
with
it
by
Lactantius
;
Vos
homicidam
Martem
consecrastis
ut
Deum
,
quod
tamen
non
fecissetis
,
si
illum
Areopagitae
in
Crucem
sustulissent
.
But
Lactantius
prevaricated
,
and
did
not
say
all
,
for
this
Homicide
was
judged
by
twelve
of
their
Gods
before
the
Court
of
the
Areopagitae
was
erected
.
Authors
do
not
agree
upon
their
number
;
some
will
have
them
Thirty
one
,
others
Fifty
one
,
and
others
above
Five
hundred
,
which
makes
it
probable
that
in
different
times
their
number
was
different
.
All
the
rest
of
their
Magistrates
were
annual
,
only
the
Areopagitae
were
for
life
.
They
held
their
Court
always
in
the
night
,
and
in
the
dark
,
that
they
might
dispatch
their
business
with
more
intention
and
impartiality
,
when
free
from
all
objects
that
might
work
upon
their
affections
,
and
dispose
them
unjustly
either
to
severity
or
pity
.
But
it
was
a
general
practice
in
all
Courts
for
the
Judges
to
sit
in
the
open
air
in
places
uncovered
:
Their
Salaries
were
all
equal
,
and
paid
out
of
the
Publick
Money
,
besides
a
Fee
of
about
Three
half
pence
in
every
Cause
.
In
Cicero's
time
the
Romans
entered
themselves
among
these
Areopagitae
,
and
referred
several
knotty
and
ambiguous
Causes
to
their
decision
.
On
the
left
hand
of
the
Areopagus
we
passed
by
a
Hill
exactly
of
the
height
of
the
Castle
,
it
is
called
Trajans
Arch
,
from
the
ruines
of
a
Triumphal
Arch
which
Trajan
caused
to
be
erected
upon
it
:
but
anciently
it
was
called
Museon
,
from
Musaeus
who
used
to
recite
his
Verses
there
.
The
Cittadel
which
the
Macedonians
built
there
to
bridle
the
Town
;
and
the
brave
exploit
of
Olympiadorus
,
who
(
with
twelve
more
)
beat
out
the
Garrison
,
have
made
the
place
very
memorable
in
History
.
Some
of
our
Fellow
Travellers
having
taken
a
fancy
(
from
the
great
noise
that
at
this
day
the
name
of
Adrian
makes
in
that
City
)
would
needs
have
it
that
that
Arch
was
dedicated
to
him
,
but
it
is
a
mistake
of
you
will
believe
common
report
,
which
calls
that
Hill
at
this
hour
Trajans
Arch.
There
is
but
one
avenue
to
the
Castle
and
that
not
imbellished
as
of
old
with
the
famous
Ante-Port
called
Propylaea
,
whose
magnificent
structure
cost
as
many
Talents
as
amounts
of
our
money
to
Two
Millions
and
six
hundred
Livers
,
which
went
very
high
in
an
age
when
the
Salary
of
one
of
their
Soveraign
Judges
was
but
4
d.
per
diem
.
This
Propylaea
is
at
present
nothing
but
rubbish
,
yet
even
that
shows
it
to
have
been
noble
and
great
.
On
the
side
of
it
there
is
built
a
place
for
a
double
Court
of
Guard
,
but
the
building
is
very
indifferent
.
Formerly
the
Keys
of
this
Fort
were
deposited
in
the
hands
of
some
considerable
man
,
who
notwithstanding
(
by
a
certain
diffidence
in
the
Government
)
was
to
keep
them
but
one
day
:
and
the
person
was
chosen
by
lot
.
Afterwards
it
was
intrusted
with
one
of
the
Epistatae
or
Prytanes
,
of
whom
you
shall
hear
more
hereafter
:
Only
this
by
the
by
:
There
were
three
sort
of
Animals
that
never
were
admitted
into
this
Castle
;
Dogs
,
because
of
their
nastiness
;
Goats
,
lest
they
should
crop
the
branches
of
the
sacred
Olives
;
and
Crows
,
as
being
forbiden
by
Minerva
.
The
reasons
you
shall
have
afterwards
.
Part
of
the
Garrison
was
in
Arms
at
the
Gate
,
not
so
much
in
complement
to
us
as
to
show
the
exactness
of
their
Guards
,
though
we
had
sent
them
a
Present
before
.
The
whole
Garrison
consisted
of
about
300
men
;
they
would
have
them
thought
to
be
Janizaries
,
but
they
were
but
so
many
dead
pays
,
and
the
Soldiers
when
called
to
their
Arms
,
were
born
and
bred
in
that
Country
,
and
far
short
of
that
Martial
Order
,
of
which
more
another
time
.
In
all
the
Turkish
Territories
there
are
such
sort
of
people
which
take
upon
them
that
name
to
make
them
more
formidable
;
and
all
along
upon
the
Frontiers
where
the
Garrisons
are
inforced
with
Janizaries
,
and
where
there
is
a
necessity
of
good
Soldiers
,
these
are
looked
upon
as
the
refuse
of
their
Militia
,
and
called
by
way
of
contempt
Muhanat
or
Poultrons
,
as
I
said
before
.
In
the
Castle
of
Athens
there
are
about
three
hundred
of
them
;
they
are
upon
the
Guard
only
in
the
day
time
;
for
as
soon
as
it
is
night
the
Children
of
these
Janizaries
walking
round
within
the
Works
,
with
continual
shouts
and
cryes
would
perswade
us
of
their
vigilance
and
readiness
,
and
especially
upon
the
arrival
of
any
strangers
they
are
more
clamourous
than
ordinary
,
to
signifie
the
carefulness
of
their
Parents
,
and
strike
us
with
greater
terrour
,
and
apprehension
of
them
,
whilst
in
truth
the
good
men
are
either
asleep
in
their
beds
,
or
abroad
about
their
business
,
being
most
of
them
Mechanicks
.
That
part
of
the
Wall
which
they
call
Cimonion
(
which
is
towards
the
South
)
is
covered
over
with
a
kind
of
Herb
they
call
Parthenon
or
Matricaria
like
our
Mother-wort
,
of
which
you
may
see
more
in
Plutarch
in
his
Life
of
Sylla
.
There
is
nothing
so
much
of
it
on
the
other
Wall
called
Pelasgicon
:
These
Walls
are
old
and
decayed
,
but
well
supported
by
Buttresses
in
several
places
:
The
Greeks
are
obliged
to
keep
them
in
repair
,
and
their
Priviledges
are
preserved
to
them
for
their
pains
.
The
Artillery
belonging
to
the
Castle
,
consists
of
twenty
Pieces
of
Canon
;
their
Carriages
are
alwayes
in
very
good
Order
,
and
it
is
part
of
the
Christians
Duty
to
keep
them
so
:
We
made
our
Visit
to
the
Disdar
,
who
received
us
very
civilly
:
He
was
a
corpulent
Man
,
well
enough
behaved
,
and
had
two
Sons
,
one
already
in
the
Army
in
Candia
,
and
the
other
preparing
to
go
thither
:
The
latter
was
a
very
handsom
Youth
,
with
a
great
skar
upon
his
lip
,
that
he
had
got
with
darting
of
a
Javelin
after
the
manner
of
the
Turks
,
and
being
cured
by
a
balsom
which
Father
Simon
gave
him
,
he
retained
a
great
kindness
for
him
,
and
did
him
many
good
Offices
to
his
Father
;
and
his
Father
was
so
sensible
of
what
he
had
done
for
his
Son
,
that
he
never
since
comes
that
way
,
but
he
stops
at
his
door
,
and
salutes
him
in
Greek
with
a
Callimera
Patera
,
or
,
Good
Morrow
Father
,
which
is
frequently
followed
with
a
Visit
,
and
great
expressions
of
favour
.
He
treated
us
with
Sherbet
and
Perfumes
,
and
other
kind
of
Civilities
,
which
we
had
bespoke
by
our
more
solid
Presents
:
His
Ceremonies
were
not
long
,
but
they
tired
our
whole
Company
,
which
the
Disdar
perceiving
,
understanding
our
Curiosity
,
and
observing
our
eyes
still
sixt
upon
the
Temple
of
Minerva
,
he
commanded
it
should
be
opened
,
and
Ordered
the
Kiaia
to
attend
us
.
This
Temple
was
built
by
Pericles
(
in
the
place
where
the
Old
Temple
was
burnt
by
the
Persians
)
and
all
People
and
Creatures
were
imployed
in
the
building
of
it
,
as
you
may
see
in
Plutarch
in
his
Life
of
Cato
the
Censor
.
Callicrates
and
Ictinus
were
the
Chief
Architects
,
and
Ictinus
(
being
of
the
greater
reputation
of
the
two
)
left
us
a
description
of
it
in
a
Book
which
he
writ
expresly
,
but
it
is
lost
;
and
indeed
the
building
it self
is
little
better
,
for
before
this
time
nothing
considerable
would
have
been
left
of
it
,
had
not
Adrian
applyed
his
care
,
and
repaired
it
;
to
whom
we
are
obliged
for
whatever
is
memorable
or
antique
in
Athens
:
I
wish
Posterity
may
find
the
Turks
as
well
inclined
to
preserve
them
.
After
this
Temple
had
for
a
long
time
been
made
use
of
in
the
worship
of
Minerva
,
the
Christians
turned
it
into
a
Church
,
And
called
it
Santa
Sophia
:
The
Turks
have
turned
it
since
into
a
Mosque
.
I
hope
one
day
to
show
you
a
draught
that
I
took
of
it
,
by
which
you
will
at
one
glance
discover
so
much
beauty
and
magnificence
,
as
will
attone
for
the
resolution
I
have
taken
of
losing
no
more
time
in
describing
it
thus
,
than
barely
in
letting
you
know
,
that
the
Dorick
Order
is
no
where
so
excellent
as
there
.
That
it
is
so
Noble
and
Magnificent
without
,
that
the
very
Sea-men
betake
themselves
to
their
Perspective-Glasses
as
far
as
they
can
see
:
That
the
Frontis-piece
is
most
beautifull
,
and
the
Portico's
(
which
make
the
Wings
)
with
the
Figures
wherewith
they
are
adorned
,
do
add
exceedingly
to
it
.
Upon
this
Frontispiece
it
was
,
that
with
great
Joy
and
Veneration
we
read
that
Famous
Inscription
mentioned
in
Scripture
,
To
the
unknown
God
:
It
is
not
ingraven
upon
the
door
of
a
little
Chappel
,
as
some
People
would
have
it
,
who
do
not
remember
,
that
in
the
Mosco's
there
are
neither
Chappels
nor
Altars
permitted
to
remain
.
Nevertheless
you
must
not
conceive
that
this
was
one
of
those
Inscriptions
which
gave
occasion
to
Saint
Paul
to
discover
to
the
Athenians
that
God
of
whom
till
then
they
had
been
ignorant
.
The
Christians
of
the
third
Century
had
set
them
up
in
memory
of
the
Ancient
Inscriptions
which
Epimenides
caused
to
be
ingraven
on
the
Altars
in
the
time
of
Solon
,
as
we
are
told
by
Diogenes
Laertius
;
and
Pausanies
gives
us
an
account
of
the
situation
of
those
Altars
in
Phalerum
,
and
in
the
Province
of
Elis.
Among
the
Statues
on
the
out-side
of
the
Temple
,
the
best
work
is
a
Marble
Statue
of
a
Lion
.
They
have
all
of
them
been
in
great
danger
of
pulling
down
by
the
scrupulosity
of
the
Mahumetan
Religion
,
which
forbids
the
Image
of
any
Animals
,
and
upon
that
score
several
of
them
are
maimed
;
but
at
length
some
civiler
than
others
,
explained
their
Law
with
more
favour
to
the
Statues
,
and
preserved
those
of
them
which
are
left
;
and
yet
the
kindness
of
the
Officers
could
not
have
done
it
,
had
not
Divine
Providence
Cooperated
;
for
at
our
entrance
into
the
Mosco
,
the
first
thing
our
Janizary
shew'd
us
,
was
,
a
Picture
of
the
Virgin
Mary
,
one
of
her
Eyes
being
shot
out
with
a
Musket
bullet
by
a
Turk
:
The
Story
(
though
not
at
all
to
their
advantage
)
is
commemorated
by
the
Turks
as
well
as
by
the
Christians
;
the
Turks
aggravate
it
,
and
will
tell
you
that
the
sacriledge
was
punished
miraculously
,
the
bullet
rebounding
upon
the
Malefactor
with
such
violence
that
it
struck
out
his
brains
;
but
the
Christians
(
whose
testimony
is
looked
upon
as
more
credible
)
say
only
that
he
immediately
lost
the
use
of
his
right
Arm
,
and
continued
lame
ever
after
.
The
building
within
is
not
so
rich
as
without
,
but
it
is
as
regular
;
It
is
but
of
late
years
that
it
has
been
discernable
,
and
that
was
by
removing
the
trash
wherewith
it
was
full
by
reason
of
the
Mahumetan
Offerings
:
For
it
seems
the
place
where
this
Temple
stands
has
had
in
all
Ages
a
Power
to
incourage
and
spur
men
on
to
Devotion
,
there
being
a
certain
kind
of
fatality
that
determines
Men
and
Cities
to
peculiar
Practices
and
Customs
.
The
same
Star
that
made
Athens
superstitious
in
times
of
Idolatry
,
that
made
them
so
fervently
pious
in
times
of
Christianity
,
has
made
them
as
zealous
under
the
Discipline
of
the
Turks
.
'T
is
not
above
fifteen
years
since
this
Temple
of
Minerva
was
one
of
the
most
Celebrated
Mosquos
in
all
Turkie
;
to
which
Reputation
it
was
advanced
by
the
Dervices
,
which
are
a
sort
of
Religious
Turks
;
and
before
the
present
Grand
Visier
(
Chief
Minister
in
the
Port
)
provoked
by
their
frauds
and
collusion
in
matters
of
Religion
,
had
banished
them
out
of
Europe
to
Cogna
where
they
were
Originally
Instituted
,
they
made
no
reckoning
even
of
their
Dervices
till
they
had
been
in
Pilgrimage
at
the
Mosque
in
Athens
:
These
sort
of
Pilgrims
had
(
as
they
thought
)
adorned
the
inside
of
this
Temple
with
pieces
of
Taffaty
and
old
Scarffs
which
they
had
hung
up
and
displayed
in
every
corner
.
There
was
not
any
of
their
Devotes
(
for
each
Order
has
its
Devotes
)
but
fastned
to
the
Walls
some
little
Banner
or
other
of
Red
and
Yellow
Taffaty
,
and
now
and
then
of
Yellow
and
Green
,
which
are
the
Colours
the
Spahi
or
Turkish
Cavalry
carry
in
their
hands
upon
any
solemn
Cavalcade
.
Others
of
them
who
had
been
in
Foreign
Parts
,
would
hang
up
some
bauble
they
had
brought
from
thence
;
and
others
that
were
Artificers
,
when
they
had
made
any
thing
extraordinary
,
would
give
some
of
them
to
their
Mosque
,
and
hang
them
up
against
the
Wall
:
but
this
clutter
of
Offerings
is
almost
quite
laid
aside
.
Standing
so
high
as
it
did
,
it
was
strange
,
me
thought
,
to
find
it
so
dark
;
but
by
the
wisdom
of
that
excellent
Architect
Ictinus
it
was
contrived
with
very
few
windows
,
that
it
might
with
more
force
and
solidity
resist
the
assaults
of
the
winds
,
which
for
want
of
free
passage
do
many
times
make
a
great
noise
in
the
Mosque
;
and
the
Lamps
,
according
to
the
Custom
of
the
Turks
,
being
very
numerous
,
and
hanging
thick
with
gilt
wires
,
the
wind
strikes
them
one
against
another
,
and
makes
a
noise
very
unpleasing
to
the
ear
.
It
is
only
at
Prayer
time
these
Lamps
are
lighted
,
and
indeed
they
give
but
little
advantage
to
the
common
light
of
the
Temple
;
and
yet
we
were
no
sooner
entered
,
but
we
were
suprized
with
a
more
than
ordinary
lustre
,
refracted
from
two
bright
polished
Stones
,
placed
close
by
one
another
in
the
main
wall
towards
the
bottom
of
the
Mosque
.
They
seemed
to
be
two
large
Lamps
that
cast
an
extraordinary
light
,
and
as
we
advanced
the
light
seemed
to
increase
.
Their
Colour
was
not
unlike
the
Carbuncle
,
and
some
body
had
had
the
curiosity
to
examine
them
;
for
in
one
of
them
there
is
a
little
hole
,
made
I
suppose
to
that
purpose
.
The
jet
Mirror
or
Looking-Glass
in
the
Abbey
of
St.
Denis
is
nothing
so
illustrious
.
Their
Figure
is
rectangular
,
or
a
long
square
,
each
of
them
about
three
foot
long
,
and
a
foot
and
a
half
broad
.
We
having
observed
that
the
Turks
which
were
with
us
looked
upon
them
with
more
than
usual
respect
,
had
not
the
confidence
to
touch
or
examine
them
any
farther
lest
we
should
have
been
guilty
of
some
great
profanation
.
Besides
the
Kiaia
interposed
,
and
we
were
obliged
to
the
more
formality
,
the
Iman
of
the
Mosque
making
towards
us
himself
,
accompanied
by
the
Talismans
and
his
Kodgias
,
which
are
one
to
the
other
in
the
same
subordination
as
the
Parsons
,
and
Vicars
,
and
Curates
among
us
.
It
was
no
little
favour
which
the
Disdar
had
done
us
in
preparing
the
Iman
,
and
disposing
him
to
be
civil
to
us
,
who
of
himself
was
a
severe
and
rigid
man
,
having
been
a
Kodgias
in
Asia
,
where
the
Mahumetans
are
so
scrupulous
,
that
if
a
Christian
be
taken
in
any
of
their
Mosques
,
he
has
no
way
to
get
off
,
but
either
by
apostasie
or
death
.
These
Officers
advancing
with
great
gravity
towards
us
,
attributed
the
cause
of
that
light
to
a
Miracle
of
their
Prophet
Mahomet
;
for
the
Religion
of
the
Turks
runs
much
upon
Miracles
,
and
we
thought
neither
safe
,
nor
indeed
civil
to
contest
the
truth
of
it
.
The
Stones
being
transparent
,
one
of
these
two
things
must
of
necessity
produce
that
light
;
either
there
must
be
two
Lamps
behind
it
,
whose
light
is
seen
through
,
or
else
the
two
Lamps
before
it
being
placed
exactly
in
the
opposite
Wall
,
dart
their
rays
upon
those
Stones
,
which
rays
are
reflected
again
as
from
a
Looking-Glass
.
We
could
discern
nothing
behind
that
might
be
the
cause
,
though
on
the
sides
of
it
,
according
to
the
Turkish
Mode
,
there
hung
great
numbers
of
Austriges
Eggs
;
several
little
Lamps
without
lights
,
and
several
little
Globes
of
Crystal
.
Be
it
from
which
it
will
,
it
is
probably
designed
to
perpetuate
the
prodigy
of
that
Golden
Lamp
which
was
placed
there
by
Calimachus
,
the
famous
Sculptor
,
who
was
the
first
that
invented
the
way
of
piercing
Stone
with
an
Augar
.
This
Lamp
was
supplied
with
Oil
but
once
a
year
,
though
it
was
to
keep
a
constant
light
night
and
day
before
the
Statue
of
Minerva
:
But
the
Ancients
(
though
otherwise
sufficiently
superstitious
)
made
no
Miracle
of
it
,
supposing
the
duration
of
the
light
proceeded
from
an
occult
property
in
the
nature
of
the
Wick
,
which
as
they
thought
was
made
of
a
sort
of
incombustible
Cotton
;
nevertheless
it
burned
not
without
smoke
,
for
to
carry
it
off
,
Calimachus
had
made
a
most
admirable
Pipe
that
conveyed
it
out
at
the
top
of
the
Temple
.
At
present
it
is
quite
otherwise
:
But
to
settle
our
thoughts
:
with
an
eager
and
decisive
tone
,
the
Iman
told
us
,
that
the
first
appearance
of
the
Miracle
of
the
two
Lamps
,
was
the
very
day
that
Sultan
Mahomet
II.
turned
that
Temple
into
a
Mosque
.
In
a
word
,
Mahomet
II.
is
in
Athens
of
so
great
reputation
,
that
they
think
all
things
extraordinary
that
are
done
either
by
him
or
for
him
.
Before
these
two
Stones
there
stands
a
white
Marble
Chair
formerly
imployed
by
the
Arch-Bishop
,
but
now
it
is
the
place
from
whence
the
Iman
dispences
his
Alchoran
;
and
in
each
side
of
the
Chair
,
in
the
main
Wall
there
are
two
Cupboards
,
covered
with
two
Tables
of
Marble
,
in
which
the
Christians
used
to
put
the
Ornaments
for
their
Altar
.
One
of
those
Cupboards
has
not
been
opened
since
the
Christians
had
possession
of
that
Church
;
and
the
other
being
rashly
and
audaciously
opened
not
many
years
since
by
a
Turk
,
there
came
forth
so
mischievous
and
pestilent
an
Air
,
as
brought
the
Plague
into
the
City
,
and
was
the
occasion
of
a
great
Mortality
.
This
is
confessed
by
the
Turks
themselves
,
and
since
that
time
no
body
has
had
the
courage
to
open
them
.
When
we
came
out
of
the
Temple
,
at
a
distance
of
about
fifty
paces
,
we
saw
that
famous
Well
that
is
recorded
as
one
of
the
Wonders
in
Nature
;
and
even
at
this
day
the
Athenians
do
esteem
it
one
of
the
greatest
Rarities
of
their
Country
.
It
s
water
is
salt
,
and
of
the
same
colour
with
the
Sea
;
every
time
the
South
wind
blows
,
it
is
mightily
agitated
,
and
makes
a
great
noise
in
the
bottom
of
the
Well
.
Our
Fellow-Travellers
being
impatiently
and
incessantly
addicted
to
Natural
disquisitions
,
had
not
found
a
fairer
subject
for
their
dissertations
.
Some
were
of
opinion
that
from
the
Sea
to
the
Well
there
was
some
secret
and
subterraneous
Meatus
,
into
which
the
wind
forcing
it self
,
made
an
ebullition
,
or
else
the
Sea
was
driven
thereby
violently
up
to
the
Well
,
and
supplied
it
with
Salt
waters
.
Others
objected
that
the
Spring
must
be
there
,
and
proceeding
upon
Hydraulick
Principles
,
concluded
that
the
Water
rising
naturally
no
higher
than
the
level
of
its
Fountain
,
could
not
be
carried
from
the
Sea
so
high
as
to
the
top
of
the
Castle
Hill
,
but
would
rather
have
disgorged
into
the
Pits
in
the
lower
Town
,
where
yet
there
is
not
the
least
semblance
of
any
such
thing
.
But
all
agreed
that
the
noise
proceeded
from
the
force
of
the
wind
dispersing
the
vapours
which
the
saltness
of
the
Water
exhaled
,
and
that
it
was
from
the
disposition
of
the
Sea-banks
,
that
only
a
South
wind
could
come
at
it
.
In
a
Country
proper
for
Experiment
,
we
should
have
weighed
it
with
Rain
and
Sea-water
,
examining
how
they
would
have
incorporated
,
and
which
of
the
three
had
fallen
down
to
the
bottom
:
We
should
have
tried
whether
Fresh-water
Fish
would
have
lived
longer
in
it
than
Sea-Fish
;
and
causing
both
of
them
with
a
gentle
fire
to
evaporate
,
have
seen
which
had
left
the
most
Salt
.
Had
it
been
Winter
we
should
have
tried
which
would
have
been
first
frozen
.
We
should
have
likewise
observed
whether
the
bottom
of
the
Well
had
been
Chalky
,
Gravelly
,
Turfy
,
Rocky
,
or
Sandy
;
and
perhaps
have
proceeded
so
far
in
our
Curiosity
,
as
to
have
taken
some
Criminal
out
of
Prison
,
and
causing
him
to
drink
it
,
have
seen
whether
it
would
have
put
him
into
a
Dysentery
according
to
the
propriety
of
the
Sea-water
.
From
the
Castle
Hill
,
we
could
discover
all
the
Isles
in
the
Gulf
of
Engia
,
without
the
help
of
our
Perspectives
,
of
which
indeed
we
durst
not
make
use
to
look
about
as
we
would
have
done
,
because
we
were
very
near
a
steep
place
that
is
to
this
day
memorable
for
the
precipitation
of
a
King
,
and
might
well
be
a
place
of
punishment
to
people
that
are
over-curious
.
It
was
Egeus
,
Father
of
Theseus
,
who
threw
himself
down
headlong
2905
years
since
,
having
from
the
same
place
where
we
stood
,
descried
a
far
off
at
Sea
,
the
black
Sails
of
that
Ship
which
brought
back
from
Creet
his
Son
,
whom
he
supposed
the
Minotaure
had
devoured
;
Plutarch
gives
you
a
particular
account
.
At
a
small
distance
upon
the
plain
or
flat
of
the
Castle
there
is
a
small
point
of
a
Rock
with
nothing
about
it
,
which
probably
was
the
place
where
Silenus
disposed
of
himself
when
he
came
along
with
Bacchus
into
this
Castle
:
In
the
same
Court
there
were
formerly
a
hundred
remarkable
things
to
be
seen
,
and
as
many
more
in
the
houses
that
are
now
set
apart
for
the
entertainment
of
the
Janizaries
:
Upon
the
Plain
there
were
several
Altars
dedicated
to
Friendship
,
Modesty
,
Integrity
,
Oblivion
,
Jupiter
,
Vulcan
,
Neptune
and
Minerva
;
so
that
you
may
observe
,
that
in
old
time
their
Altars
were
not
alwayes
within
the
Precincts
of
their
Temples
:
Many
were
in
the
Field
,
and
uncovered
,
which
the
Romans
called
Sub
Dio.
On
that
side
where
the
Janizaries
are
lodged
,
nothing
is
to
be
seen
but
ruines
,
except
the
Arsenal
built
by
Lycurgus
the
Son
of
Lycophron
,
which
Arsenal
appears
still
very
Magnificent
and
Lofty
,
especially
the
great
Tower
,
which
is
one
of
the
first
things
that
discovers
the
Castle
to
the
Ships
at
their
entrance
into
the
Gulf
of
Engia
;
and
I
have
an
Opinion
it
was
upon
that
Tower
that
the
Statue
of
Minerva
was
placed
,
which
Statue
was
of
such
a
vast
bigness
,
that
from
the
Promontory
of
Sunion
,
the
casque
and
lance
of
it
might
easily
be
descried
.
Lycurgus
built
this
Arsenal
of
Marble
,
and
among
the
rest
of
the
Ammunitions
,
there
is
constantly
in
readiness
a
provision
of
fifty
thousand
Arrows
.
Quite
through
the
Janizaries
Apartment
there
is
nothing
to
be
seen
but
ruines
of
houses
,
that
in
appearance
have
formerly
been
very
Magnificent
;
but
the
Greeks
frequenting
those
places
but
seldom
,
we
had
not
the
help
of
Tradition
to
inform
us
where
stood
the
Temples
of
Jupiter
Tutelaris
,
Minerva
the
Protectress
,
Neptune
,
Aglaura
,
her
Sister
Pandrosa
,
and
Victoria
;
as
likewise
the
Temple
of
Venus
,
which
Phaedra
caused
to
be
Erected
,
to
acquit
her self
of
a
Vow
that
she
had
made
for
her
recovery
from
loving
Hippolytus
:
These
Famous
Places
,
where
of
old
so
many
Gods
had
Incense
burned
to
them
,
are
now
defaced
and
profaned
with
the
Tobacco
of
the
Turks
,
at
present
the
greatest
smoaken
in
the
world
:
I
ventured
among
then
rubbish
of
one
of
those
ruined
houses
;
In
my
life
time
I
never
saw
so
many
Choughs
as
I
saw
there
,
which
Birds
are
more
common
in
Athens
now
than
formerly
,
but
nothing
so
considerable
.
This
great
demolition
considered
,
I
do
not
think
you
can
reasonably
inquire
after
the
Olive-Tree
which
sprang
up
so
miraculously
in
the
Castle
when
Minerva
and
Neptune
had
their
great
difference
about
the
possession
of
that
Country
.
Nor
do
I
believe
you
will
be
more
eager
to
inform
your self
of
the
Opisthodomos
,
or
place
of
their
publick
Treasurie
,
in
which
there
was
always
in
deposito
a
thousand
Talents
of
ready
Money
,
kept
with
so
much
rigour
for
the
extreamest
dangers
,
that
unless
the
City
were
in
imminent
hazard
of
pillage●ing
,
or
fire
,
it
was
no
less
than
death
for
any
man
to
propose
the
medling
with
it
.
To
be
short
,
nor
is
there
more
to
be
seen
of
the
apartment
belonging
to
the
She-Priest
of
Minerva
,
to
whom
it
was
forbidden
to
eat
any
coagulated
Milk
,
but
what
was
brought
from
the
Island
of
Salamis
.
The
House
belonging
to
the
two
Virgins
dedicated
to
the
said
Goddess
,
is
under
the
same
desolation
;
and
,
which
is
more
regretable
,
the
admirable
Statue
of
Diana
done
by
Praxitiles
;
the
three
Statues
of
Minerva
by
the
inimitable
Phidias
;
the
Statues
of
the
Graces
by
Socrates
(
which
,
by
the
way
,
would
have
justified
the
consistency
of
Mechanicism
and
Philosophy
)
the
rich
Sculptures
,
and
admirable
Master-pieces
of
Daedalus
,
Leocaris
,
Cleetas
,
Endeus
,
and
Calamis
,
are
all
lost
and
gone
,
as
are
the
excellent
paintings
of
Polignotus
,
Micon
,
Parrhasius
and
Timenet
;
Pieces
that
were
anciently
the
renowned
Ornaments
of
the
Castle
of
Athens
,
and
doubtless
would
now
be
esteemed
a
rich
Treasure
,
by
all
the
Princes
of
Europe
;
But
time
has
devoured
them
,
and
they
are
become
only
only
the
vain
Images
of
a
Dream
,
subsisting
like
in
the
same
and
memory
of
their
Authour
.
As
we
were
going
out
of
the
Castle
,
we
understood
it
was
noon
,
by
the
preparation
the
Turks
made
to
go
to
their
Eoüyli
,
which
is
a
prayer
they
make
precisely
at
10
a
Clock
,
at
which
time
an
Officer
on
purpose
,
called
Muczin
,
gets
up
on
the
top
of
the
Mosque
,
and
calls
the
Mahumetans
to
prayer
,
which
is
done
by
proclaiming
in
their
language
that
God
is
great
;
That
there
is
no
other
God
but
he
,
and
that
it
imports
every
man
in
time
to
look
to
his
Salvation
:
and
this
is
the
whole
language
of
their
Clocks
(
for
in
Turkie
among
the
Mahumetans
there
are
no
other
used
)
and
upon
this
score
i●
is
,
the
Turks
in
Athens
,
when
they
woul●
deride
or
upbraid
the
Greeks
by
their
verbosity
or
babble
,
do
tell
them
in
mockery
,
Our
Clocks
(
if
you
had
wit
)
would
teach
you
to
speak
better
:
And
the
Renegades
think
they
hit
the
Nail
on
the
head
,
when
in
roguery
they
boast
that
their
Women
wear
better
Breeches
than
our
Men
;
their
Men
are
better
shod
than
our
Horses
,
and
that
their
Clocks
are
better
Oratours
than
our
Advocates
;
and
the
reason
of
all
is
,
because
their
Women
wear
a
sort
of
Stuff-Drawers
;
their
Men
have
a
kind
of
Half-moon
of
Iron
upon
their
Shoes
;
and
their
Clocks
deliver
themselves
with
the
aforesaid
articulation
.
As
we
came
from
the
Castle
we
left
the
ruines
of
the
Lycaeum
upon
our
left
hand
,
and
being
dinner
time
,
we
went
directly
to
our
lodging
,
without
any
farther
observation
by
the
way
.
We
found
our
Bianchi
very
busie
in
the
Garden
;
for
having
found
the
Sky
clear
,
and
all
things
convenient
for
his
design
,
he
had
taken
the
opportunity
,
and
was
preparing
for
his
Astronomical
Observations
;
We
found
he
had
made
his
Horizontal
,
and
was
fixing
his
Meridian
with
such
ease
,
that
we
could
not
get
him
to
dinner
till
he
had
done
,
telling
us
he
was
resolved
by
the
benefit
of
the
first
fair
night
to
take
the
height
of
the
Pole
in
Athens
,
by
the
elevation
of
some
fixed
Stars
which
he
had
observed
.
After
dinner
we
went
abroad
again
to
view
that
part
of
the
Suburbs
which
lies
Eastwardly
of
the
Lycaeum
,
and
Court
of
the
Araeopagitae
.
We
passed
by
the
House
of
Monsieur
Giraud
,
and
afterwards
by
the
House
where
the
Jesuites
lived
before
they
were
persecuted
in
Athens
.
About
the
Year
1641.
Father
Blezeau
was
eminent
i●
that
Town
for
his
zeal
and
abilities
in
opposing
their
Errors
and
Schism
;
and
(
not
to
mention
any
more
of
those
Reverend
Fathers
called
thither
by
the
providence
,
and
for
the
service
of
God
)
the
Fathers
,
Richard
and
Tessier
,
of
late
years
have
very
gloriously
asserted
the
Catholick
Cause
,
till
certain
Athenian
Priests
jealous
of
the
progress
of
their
doctrine
,
excited
the
rascality
against
them
,
which
being
much
encouraged
by
the
artifice
of
some
Protestant
Merchants
at
that
time
in
Athens
,
the
common
people
besieg'd
the
poor
Fathers
,
forc'd
them
out
of
the
Town
,
and
plundered
their
House
:
but
they
were
better
treated
at
Negropont
,
where
,
Father
Richard
has
already
brought
over
several
Families
from
the
Grecian
Church
,
and
preaches
daily
to
the
Bey's
Gally-Slaves
which
are
most
of
them
French
.
About
this
time
there
hapned
a
remarkable
passage
to
this
poor
Father
Richard
.
The
Basha
Caterzo-Ogli
Caraman
Beglerbeg
▪
was
by
accident
at
Thebes
,
and
upon
his
return
to
Candy
,
where
he
was
Surveyor
General
of
the
Works
under
the
Grand
Visier
,
Father
Richard
went
to
make
him
a
Visit
,
and
took
the
opportunity
to
beg
of
him
a
protection
against
some
desperate
people
that
were
exasperated
against
him
by
the
Priests
of
Negropont
;
and
having
obtained
it
as
he
desired
,
the
Basha
(
a
gentile
well-bred
man
)
among
other
discourse
,
asked
him
if
it
was
true
that
the
Monks
in
France
never
drank
Wine
but
in
their
Mass
,
and
seemed
much
satisfied
with
their
temperance
:
But
the
good
Father
,
with
a
pious
confidence
,
becoming
the
zeal
of
the
Primitive
Church
,
replied
,
If
we
never
drank
Wine
but
at
Mass
,
we
should
never
drink
any
,
for
what
is
drank
there
is
transubstantiated
,
and
ceasing
to
be
Wine
,
becomes
the
real
blood
of
Christ
the
Son
of
God
;
to
which
with
a
most
Christian
eagerness
he
added
,
that
all
opinion
to
the
contrary
was
damnable
.
The
throng
of
Turkish
Officers
that
were
about
the
Basha
,
would
fain
have
rebuked
the
confidence
of
the
Father
;
But
the
Basha
being
more
moderate
than
all
of
them
,
smiled
and
corrected
them
with
this
gentle
answer
:
Do
you
not
see
he
is
a
stranger
,
and
can
scarce
speak
the
language
of
the
Country
where
he
is
?
Let
us
be
gone
and
take
Candy
,
and
when
we
come
back
he
will
be
better
able
to
explain
himself
:
and
had
it
not
been
for
the
generosity
of
the
Basha
,
it
was
not
unlikely
but
the
poor
Father
might
have
been
added
to
the
number
of
the
Martyrs
.
Not
far
from
this
house
of
the
Jesuites
,
there
is
another
where
the
Calogers
of
Medelli
are
lodged
when
they
come
to
Athens
▪
The
Sardar's
Palace
is
at
the
end
of
the
same
Street
,
and
his
Seraglio
over
against
his
Palace
;
all
the
Chelibi's
of
Athens
have
every
one
their
Seraglio
over
against
their
Lodgings
.
On
the
right
hand
towards
Panagia
stands
the
Temple
of
Jupiter
,
a
magnificent
Structure
,
but
there
having
been
formerly
five
or
six
Dedicated
to
the
same
God
,
we
could
not
inform
our selves
whether
this
were
the
Encyclios
,
the
Epopete
,
or
the
Phratrios
;
be
it
which
it
will
,
it
is
at
present
a
Greek
Church
,
and
stands
at
the
end
of
the
street
.
And
this
let
me
tell
you
by
the
by
,
at
this
day
the
streets
of
Athens
have
no
name
but
what
they
receive
from
some
Church
,
Mosque
,
or
Palace
of
some
great
Man
.
The
Vecchiados
Capitanakis
(
next
neighbour
to
the
Capuchins
)
knew
not
the
name
of
the
street
where
he
lived
,
but
called
it
my
street
:
So
that
we
were
left
to
our selves
to
distinguish
the
streets
of
Vesta
,
the
sacred
Tripos
,
or
Trivet
,
Polemion
,
and
certain
others
which
we
found
mentioned
in
History
:
Of
all
the
old
streets
,
there
is
none
that
retains
its
old
name
but
the
Ceramicus
;
and
even
that
is
not
like
to
keep
it
long
,
now
frequently
called
the
street
of
Bazar
,
which
in
probability
in
a
short
time
will
obtain
against
the
other
,
and
extinguish
it
.
Unless
it
be
this
street
,
there
is
none
of
the
rest
either
broad
or
streight
,
and
the
crookedness
and
oddness
of
their
turnings
at
this
day
,
answers
very
much
to
the
description
given
of
it
long
since
by
Dicaearchus
the
Geographer
.
Atheniensium
urbs
amaena
&
humanitatem
prae
se
ferens
;
at
sicca
tota
,
neque
aquis
bene
instructa
,
neque
rectè
item
in
plateas
secta
ob
vetustatem
:
Athens
is
a
pleasant
City
,
and
pretends
much
to
civility
;
but
it
is
dry
and
ill
supplyed
with
waters
;
nor
are
the
streets
so
streight
as
they
should
be
by
reason
of
their
antiquity
.
The
Suburbs
that
lye
Eastward
of
Lycaeum
,
are
full
of
Gardens
,
which
run
along
as
far
as
the
Ancient
Village
called
Amazonion
,
from
the
great
Battel
fought
there
betwixt
Theseus
and
the
Amazons
.
The
Athenians
set
up
a
Pillar
in
the
place
,
and
called
it
Amazonia
,
where
also
those
Martial
Women
Erected
a
Temple
,
and
called
it
Amazonian
;
In
the
same
place
where
stood
the
Gate
of
the
Ancient
City
of
Ithonia
,
which
is
now
in
the
way
to
Phalerum
.
These
Gardens
lye
likewise
where
formerly
was
that
famous
place
for
publick
Assemblies
,
called
Pnyx
,
in
which
there
were
frequent
and
great
concourses
,
in
which
many
a
great
Orator
has
recommended
himself
to
them
in
an
excellent
harangue
.
About
the
Bench
or
Tribunal
(
which
stood
in
the
middle
of
the
Court
)
there
was
a
competent
proportion
of
Ground
called
Periscaenisma
,
for
that
it
was
roped
about
to
keep
the
Multitude
off
from
incommoding
the
Judges
:
The
Lithos
was
on
the
side
of
it
,
being
a
high
Stone
upon
which
the
Publick
Cryer
stood
,
when
he
commanded
silence
:
Not
far
from
it
there
was
a
Sun-dial
,
and
at
one
Corner
a
Temple
Dedicated
to
the
Muses
:
On
the
other
side
stood
the
House
where
Cimon
dwelt
and
Elpinice
,
from
whence
we
passed
to
another
Quarter
called
Chrysa
,
and
famous
,
as
being
the
place
where
the
Amazons
incamped
.
We
returned
into
the
City
by
the
Gate
which
is
hard
by
the
Covent
of
Capuchins
,
and
to
speak
truth
,
we
might
enter
as
we
pleased
,
for
there
was
not
above
a
pane
or
two
of
Wall
standing
together
by
the
Gates
of
the
City
,
and
they
pitifull
things
in
respect
of
the
Ancient
Gates
which
were
very
magnificent
;
one
of
them
,
it
is
true
,
is
tolerably
well
,
but
of
that
hereafter
:
As
we
entred
into
the
Town
,
on
the
right
hand
there
stands
a
Monastery
of
Calogers
,
whose
Church
is
Governed
by
a
particular
Caloger
;
on
the
other
side
of
the
street
is
a
Cloister
of
Capuchins
;
the
Cloister
was
shut
,
and
leaving
it
on
our
left
hand
,
we
passed
by
the
house
of
Vecchiados
Capitanakis
,
where
we
saw
one
of
his
Sons
,
but
not
like
to
be
so
accomplished
as
his
Father
.
Not
far
from
it
we
were
shown
a
little
building
,
which
the
Athenians
called
To
Phanari
tou
Diogenis
,
or
Diogenes
his
Lanthorn
:
It
is
used
at
present
for
the
reception
of
Water
from
one
of
their
Fountains
,
the
Ancients
called
it
Analogaean
,
because
it
was
built
like
a
Pulpit
;
but
there
being
a
Cupola
like
a
Lanthorn
on
the
top
,
the
Common
People
called
it
Diogenes
his
Lanthorn
,
in
allusion
to
a
capricious
humour
of
his
,
when
to
upbraid
the
effeminacy
of
those
Times
,
he
took
a
Lanthorn
at
Mid-day
,
and
pretended
he
was
looking
for
a
Man
.
Julius
Pollux
speaking
of
this
Analogaean
,
would
perswade
us
it
was
Erected
by
Diogenes
;
but
I
cannot
think
he
intended
the
Philosopher
,
who
was
not
Architect
enough
to
repair
his
own
Tub
when
broken
by
the
Tumult
;
for
the
Athenians
were
fain
to
supply
him
;
so
that
probably
Plutarchs
Opinion
is
the
best
,
that
it
was
set
up
by
Diogenes
,
a
Governour
of
the
Macedonian
Garrisons
in
Attica
,
who
drove
the
Athenians
out
of
Pyreum
,
Munichia
,
Salamis
,
and
the
Castle
of
Sunion
.
From
thence
we
passed
by
the
house
of
the
French
Consul
,
which
stands
at
the
corner
of
a
Market-place
,
with
the
Dining-room
jetting
out
into
the
street
,
and
supported
by
Pillars
:
There
is
a
fair
Fountain
in
the
Wall
,
and
under
the
Fountain
a
large
watering-place
.
There
is
a
Story
told
very
confidently
at
the
Consuls
house
,
but
laught
at
by
most
of
the
Athenians
:
They
perswaded
us
that
every
night
the
Fairies
came
into
the
Consuls
Stables
,
dressed
his
Horses
,
gave
them
many
and
terrible
blows
with
their
whips
,
and
when
they
had
done
,
led
them
out
to
water
to
a
Fountain
that
is
within
his
Court.
A
little
above
the
French
Consuls
House
towards
the
street
called
the
Bazar
,
we
saw
the
second
great
Mosque
of
that
City
.
It
was
anciently
the
Temple
of
Venus
Vrania
,
built
by
Egeus
,
and
repaired
by
Adrian
.
It
was
famous
for
the
Statue
of
Venus
done
by
Phidias
:
Vulcans
Temple
,
called
at
present
the
Catholicon
,
(
and
now
the
Archiepiscopal
Church
in
Athens
)
is
not
far
from
it
;
and
it
was
some
pleasure
to
us
to
observe
that
their
proximity
agreed
with
what
Pausanias
said
of
it
.
From
this
Mosque
,
we
went
to
see
the
House
which
is
vulgarly
called
Anemoi
;
it
was
formerly
the
Tower
of
Andronicus
Cyrrhestes
:
Pausanias
makes
no
mention
of
it
,
and
Meursius
confesses
he
knows
not
where
it
was
;
but
it
is
hard
by
a
noted
place
,
of
which
I
shall
speak
largely
elsewhere
.
This
Tower
is
built
of
Marble
,
in
an
Octangular
Figure
,
as
Vitruvius
has
described
,
and
upon
every
Angle
Cyrrhestes
caused
the
Figure
of
that
wind
which
blew
directly
upon
it
,
to
be
engraven
:
The
work
in
Bas-relief
is
incomparable
;
but
the
Triton
of
Brass
is
down
,
that
stood
on
the
Top
of
the
Tower
,
and
turning
freely
with
the
wind
,
with
a
stick
which
it
held
in
his
hand
,
shew'd
the
place
where
the
wind
was
:
Nevertheless
there
is
something
more
than
either
Varro
or
Vetruvius
have
told
us
of
;
and
that
is
Eight
Sun-dials
,
upon
each
of
the
flats
of
the
Octogone
one
;
yet
only
seven
of
them
are
visible
in
the
street
,
the
eighth
being
inclosed
in
a
Turks
house
that
is
built
against
one
of
the
Angles
.
And
here
I
fancy
you
most
eagerly
inquisitive
whether
the
Athenians
do
reckon
their
hours
now
as
they
did
formerly
,
and
as
they
reckon
them
in
Italy
,
that
is
,
by
the
number
of
four
and
twenty
,
from
Sun-rise
one
day
,
till
Sun-set
the
next
:
To
satisfie
your
Curiosity
,
that
is
not
now
the
Custom
.
The
Common
People
regulate
their
intervals
by
the
Cryes
which
the
Muczins
make
from
the
top
of
their
Mosques
,
at
Day-break
,
at
Noon
,
and
at
six
a
clock
at
Night
:
But
the
better
sort
have
watches
from
Venice
,
or
hour-glasses
which
are
very
common
among
them
.
The
House
of
Vecchiados
Panajotti
Cavalieri
is
right
over
against
the
House
of
the
winds
;
and
the
famous
place
I
hinted
before
is
a
little
higher
toward
the
Vicus
Ceramicus
,
and
called
Poecile
,
or
Porticus
varia
.
Of
all
the
Porticoes
that
adorn
this
great
City
,
this
was
the
most
considerable
,
and
to
distinguish
it
from
the
rest
,
it
was
called
by
way
of
Excellence
the
Portico
;
Anciently
it
was
called
Pisianactios
.
Whilst
Athens
was
in
its
Glory
,
the
Painters
of
those
Times
had
represented
with
great
accuracie
upon
the
Walls
of
this
Portico
,
the
memorable
Exploits
of
all
the
Great
Captains
of
this
Common-wealth
;
and
which
is
remembred
both
by
the
Greek
and
Latin
Authors
,
the
Famous
Artist
Polignotus
drew
one
of
his
Master-pieces
there
,
and
gave
it
freely
to
the
City
.
But
if
you
will
take
the
Judgement
of
the
great
Scholars
,
they
will
tell
you
the
thing
that
made
this
Portico
so
Eminent
,
was
the
Philosopher
Zeno
,
who
built
a
School
there
for
the
Stoicks
,
a
Sect
that
was
Instituted
by
him
,
and
called
at
first
Zenonians
,
till
this
Stoa
or
Portico
was
Erected
that
changed
their
Appellation
:
And
here
it
was
that
sustained
by
the
Testimony
of
Antiquity
,
I
convinced
our
Camerades
of
the
errour
of
Common
Tradition
,
that
at
this
day
calls
the
School
of
Zeno
a
certain
place
without
the
Town
,
betwixt
the
Temple
of
Theseus
and
the
Academy
upon
the
way
to
Thebes
at
the
foot
of
the
Mountain
of
St.
George
.
The
Doctrine
of
the
Stoicks
tends
principally
to
the
subduction
of
our
Passions
,
by
which
they
affirm
it
possible
to
take
off
the
sting
and
affliction
of
grief
and
sorrow
,
&c.
and
make
them
unpainful
.
But
impugning
the
frailties
and
softness
of
our
Inclinations
,
with
Maximes
too
rigid
and
severe
,
they
are
reproached
by
the
other
Sects
for
Dogmatizing
against
Truth
,
and
the
Experience
of
Sense
:
Doctrina
non
moderata
,
nec
mitis
,
sed
paulo
asperior
,
&
durior
quàm
aut
veritas
,
aut
Natura
patiatur
:
maintaining
that
a
Wise
Man
is
not
susceptible
of
Adversity
,
and
that
Calamities
are
necessary
for
the
exercise
and
tryal
of
our
Vertue
,
which
without
agitation
would
languish
and
relax
.
They
place
in
themselves
the
Principle
of
the
highest
Felicity
,
affirming
,
that
the
Soveraign
Good
has
no
need
of
Forreign
Acquisition
,
if
it
had
,
it
would
be
subject
to
Fortune
;
so
that
the
greatest
disgrace
or
dishonour
that
could
befall
another
man
,
ought
not
to
affect
,
or
make
the
least
impression
upon
a
Stoick
,
because
all
that
is
good
or
necessary
is
within
him
,
as
Temperance
,
Prudence
,
Justice
,
&c.
They
do
confess
themselves
subject
to
,
and
sensible
of
misfortunes
;
but
then
they
master
and
subdue
them
,
and
though
their
humanity
will
not
suffer
them
to
be
totally
exempt
,
yet
they
are
impregnable
to
them
;
adding
that
their
Doctrine
,
though
charged
with
austerity
and
rigour
,
is
worthy
and
suitable
to
the
courage
and
magnanimity
of
a
Man
;
whereas
the
soft
and
tender
maximes
of
other
Sects
are
only
proper
for
the
delicacy
of
a
Woman
:
In
short
,
they
affirm
,
that
the
difference
betwixt
the
Stoicks
,
and
the
other
Sects
of
Philosophers
is
as
great
as
the
difference
betwixt
Man
and
Woman
,
the
one
being
Created
for
Command
,
and
the
other
for
Obedience
.
The
Learned
dissertations
of
these
Philosophers
,
though
they
denominated
this
Portico
,
Porticus
sapiens
,
were
not
sufficient
to
secure
it
from
the
publick
diversions
,
for
Apuleus
observes
,
that
hither
the
Athenians
did
usually
come
to
behold
their
Vaulters
,
and
persons
of
Activity
;
and
at
this
day
these
sort
of
Spectacles
are
exhibited
to
the
People
in
their
Festivals
of
the
Bayram
.
This
Portico
put
an
end
to
our
walk
that
way
,
for
you
cannot
imagine
that
we
would
spend
much
time
in
contemplating
places
that
were
utterly
void
,
though
formerly
there
had
been
many
Curiosities
in
them
,
nor
trouble
our selves
with
the
examination
of
every
particular
relique
.
It
would
have
been
the
ready
way
to
have
drawn
all
the
rascality
after
us
,
who
followed
us
up
and
down
,
and
perhaps
would
not
have
let
us
escape
with
a
bare
derision
:
To
prevent
it
,
rather
than
to
make
one
tedious
walk
of
it
,
we
chose
to
come
again
two
or
three
times
,
that
they
might
not
think
us
ridiculous
and
affected
.
The
next
night
being
fair
and
serene
,
we
imployed
a
good
part
of
it
in
Astronomical
Observation
.
We
took
the
height
of
three
several
Stars
as
they
were
to
pass
the
Meridian
,
(
viz.
)
of
Azimech
,
Zubana
Gienoubi
,
and
Antares
:
We
rectified
their
Longitude
by
the
Table
of
their
peculiar
Motions
,
and
found
their
Declinations
by
their
Spherical
Triangles
;
Zubana
Gienoubi
being
my
Province
I
will
give
you
my
Calculation
:
Its
Longitude
answers
to
10
Degrees
and
30
Minutes
of
Scorpio
:
Its
Latitude
is
Septentrional
,
and
is
but
of
26
Minutes
:
Its
declination
Meridional
is
of
14
Degrees
and
37
Minutes
,
and
its
Meridional
Elevation
37
Degrees
and
42
Minutes
,
and
adding
that
height
to
its
Declination
,
there
remained
52
Degrees
and
19
Minutes
for
the
Elevation
of
the
Equator
,
whose
Complement
(
that
is
to
say
,
37
Degrees
and
41
Minutes
)
is
the
height
of
the
Pole
at
Athens
.
The
rest
of
their
Observations
accommodated
with
mine
,
and
we
found
all
the
three
Stars
without
the
limits
of
refraction
;
and
the
Moon
not
rising
till
midnight
,
her
light
gave
us
no
impediment
.
The
exact
time
of
my
Observation
was
about
25
Minutes
after
Midnight
,
which
agreed
not
only
with
our
watches
,
but
with
the
Observations
the
rest
made
the
following
days
about
the
position
of
the
Sun
,
which
was
in
4
degrees
and
16
minutes
of
Taurus
,
and
its
right
ascension
in
31
degrees
and
59
minutes
;
and
my
Star
being
218
degrees
15
minutes
,
determined
the
moment
of
my
observation
.
The
24.
of
April
in
the
morning
we
went
to
hear
Mass
of
Father
Simon
de
Compiegne
,
at
the
Covent
of
Capucins
who
were
then
Missionaries
at
Athens
.
Father
Barnaby
,
whose
Residence
is
at
Napoli
de
Romania
,
is
President
of
that
fraternity
:
Father
Simon
lived
in
a
small
house
of
Marble
,
though
little
,
yet
very
good
building
:
neither
Meursius
nor
any
other
ancient
Authour
has
taken
notice
of
it
,
though
it
be
called
by
the
Common
people
indifferently
,
To
Phanari
tou
Demosthenis
,
and
To
Palati
tou
Demosthenis
,
sometimes
Demosthenes
his
Lanthorn
,
and
sometimes
his
Palace
.
The
Athenians
never
mention
him
,
but
they
speak
of
(
what
Plutarch
reports
in
his
History
)
the
thickness
of
his
Tongue
that
hindered
the
grace
and
liberty
of
his
pronunciation
;
and
as
they
tell
us
,
there
it
was
that
he
made
use
of
his
pebbles
to
help
his
imperfection
.
The
workmanship
of
this
Phanari
is
excellent
.
This
House
Father
Simon
bought
of
a
Greek
for
a
hundred
and
fifty
Crowns
,
but
a
while
after
the
Greek
would
have
put
a
trick
upon
him
,
pretending
that
he
had
since
been
informed
he
could
not
by
the
custom
of
Athens
put
a
Stranger
into
the
possession
of
any
Antiquity
,
lest
the
Stranger
should
demolish
it
:
The
Father
replied
,
as
he
might
very
well
,
That
he
was
no
Stranger
,
and
in
effect
he
had
been
admitted
Citizen
of
Athens
,
and
got
Letters
of
Infranchisment
to
obviate
such
kind
of
Cavils
;
however
the
business
was
brought
to
a
hearing
before
the
Vecchiados
,
who
condemned
the
poor
Capuchin
,
but
appealing
to
the
Cadi
,
it
was
confirmed
to
him
upon
condition
he
should
not
impair
it
,
and
that
he
should
show
it
to
any
man
who
had
the
curiosity
to
see
it
,
which
shows
the
esteem
they
still
have
of
their
antiquities
in
that
Town
:
and
the
poor
Father
was
so
unwilling
to
disoblige
them
,
and
so
careful
to
gain
their
good
will
by
any
reasonable
compliance
,
that
he
removed
his
Altar
and
Oratory
into
a
low
Parlour
within
the
said
Phanari
.
But
this
ceremony
and
respect
that
he
shewed
to
the
Athenians
did
not
hinder
,
but
that
at
first
he
was
treated
with
the
same
insolence
that
had
been
used
to
the
Jesuites
there
;
for
the
Capuchin
being
settled
in
his
house
just
about
the
time
that
the
Grand
Visier
had
banished
the
Dervices
out
of
all
the
Turkish
Cities
in
Europe
,
the
Boys
in
Athens
,
who
had
been
used
to
those
Dervices
(
supposing
the
poor
Capuchin
had
been
one
of
them
in
disguise
,
that
would
not
submit
to
the
Grand
Visiers
order
)
flocked
about
him
in
the
Streets
,
and
crying
out
a
Dervice
,
a
Dervice
,
had
like
to
have
stoned
him
to
death
.
But
the
graver
sort
of
Athenians
,
nay
the
Turks
themselves
,
and
particularly
the
Disdar
,
rescu'd
him
from
their
outrage
,
which
he
gratified
abundantly
by
his
care
of
their
Children
afterwards
;
teaching
them
to
Read
,
Write
,
cast
Accompt
,
and
speak
Italian
;
and
which
was
much
more
,
he
taught
them
their
Catechism
according
to
the
Council
of
Trent
,
being
translated
into
the
vulgar
Greek
,
and
Printed
at
Venice
:
and
though
in
it
the
Errors
of
the
Greek
Church
were
formally
condemned
,
their
Parents
regarded
it
not
,
nor
took
notice
of
the
dissuasion
of
their
Archbishop
who
was
highly
against
it
.
Nay
they
proceeded
so
far
to
the
contrary
,
that
according
to
their
custom
the
Apostles
Creed
,
as
received
among
us
,
was
put
in
measure
and
set
to
their
Musick
,
in
so
much
that
we
heard
them
sing
it
frequently
in
the
Streets
;
and
this
may
very
well
be
attributed
to
the
diligence
and
insinuation
of
the
said
Father
,
who
by
his
Piety
,
and
a
certain
affability
peculiar
to
that
Order
,
wrought
himself
so
happily
into
their
affections
,
that
both
Turks
and
Christians
invited
him
frequently
to
their
Houses
,
with
so
great
an
opinion
of
the
integrity
of
his
life
,
that
during
his
Visits
they
never
sent
away
either
their
Wive●
or
Daughters
,
which
was
a
confidence
they
never
used
either
to
the
Calogers
or
Imans
▪
Nay
farther
,
twice
a
year
he
was
certain
to
be
visited
by
the
chief
Kaduns
and
Mahumetan
Ladies
both
of
the
City
and
Castle
and
that
was
during
their
pastimes
and
liberties
at
the
Feasts
of
their
Bayrams
;
a●
which
time
transported
with
their
freedom
they
took
delight
in
those
little
extravagancies
,
and
would
come
to
his
House
t●
play
their
innocent
tricks
,
and
he
coul●
not
quit
himself
of
them
till
he
had
opene●
his
Garden
door
,
and
sacrificed
his
whol●
stock
of
Flowers
to
their
service
;
He
kep●
Sherbett
always
ready
for
their
Slaves
,
an●
the
Ladies
were
so
kind
as
many
times
〈◊〉
drink
of
it
themselves
;
for
which
boun●
of
his
they
did
him
a
hundred
good
Offic●
to
their
Husbands
and
Parents
,
protecti●●
him
against
the
Enemies
of
his
Religio●
for
which
,
in
merriment
they
would
t●
him
,
they
would
make
another
inroad
into
his
Garden
.
In
the
Chapel
of
this
Monastery
there
was
a
Pew
and
a
Stool
to
kneel
upon
for
the
Consul
Chastagner
;
Monsieur
Giraud
the
English
Consul
had
only
a
little
Seat
in
a
Corner
.
Father
Simon
passed
only
for
the
French
Consul's
Chaplain
,
that
thereby
he
might
oblige
the
King's
Ministers
,
and
ingage
them
to
favour
the
progress
of
his
Mission
;
and
he
succeeded
so
well
,
that
it
is
there
only
that
Chastagner
appears
in
his
character
,
and
shows
himself
with
all
the
Formalities
of
his
Consulship
;
and
this
he
did
effectually
some
three
or
four
years
since
to
a
Deputy
from
Genoa
,
who
came
to
Athens
to
settle
a
Consul
there
.
This
Deputy
was
of
the
House
of
Doria
(
a
great
Family
as
you
know
)
and
looked
upon
himself
as
a
Prince
:
The
truth
is
,
he
had
a
very
good
train
,
which
followed
always
in
good
order
when
he
went
abroad
to
see
the
antiquities
of
the
Town
,
and
that
kind
of
Ostentation
goes
a
great
way
with
the
populacy
.
He
gave
and
received
Visits
from
all
the
Turkish
Officers
:
Chastagner
in
his
turn
went
to
pay
his
respects
,
and
expecting
that
Doria
would
have
given
him
the
Fauteüil
,
he
was
nettled
to
find
that
honour
omitted
to
a
Consul
of
France
:
Chastagner
resented
it
highly
,
and
watched
an
opportunity
of
returning
his
kindness
,
with
which
in
a
short
time
the
Genois
themselves
presented
him
.
Doria
sent
one
morning
very
early
to
Father
Simon
,
to
desire
he
would
be
ready
to
say
Mass
to
him
precisely
at
Eight
a
Clock
.
The
Father
,
as
Chaplain
to
the
French
Consul
,
was
obliged
to
acquaint
Chastagner
,
and
to
know
whether
he
would
be
present
.
Chastagner
understanding
it
was
at
the
request
of
Doria
,
thought
that
a
fit
time
to
be
revenged
,
and
sent
word
he
would
be
there
,
and
Father
Simon
should
attend
him
.
The
Clock
struck
Twelve
and
no
Chastagner
;
during
which
time
the
Genois
continued
in
very
great
impatience
:
at
length
in
a
formal
procession
they
perceived
six
Janizaries
marching
a-breast
with
their
Truncheons
in
their
hands
;
the
Interpreter
Baptista
Jannis
followed
them
,
after
whom
came
ten
or
twelve
French
Merchants
,
and
some
of
the
Vecchiados
who
were
friends
to
our
Consul
;
last
of
all
with
his
train
or
Attendants
came
the
Consul
himself
in
a
Red
Sattin
Gown
lined
with
a
rich
Fur
,
and
entering
sternly
(
without
saluting
of
any
body
)
into
his
Pew
that
was
covered
with
Tapestry
wrought
with
the
Arms
of
France
,
he
fell
to
his
Prayers
.
Monsieur
Giraud
was
so
civil
as
to
give
Doria
his
Pew
;
when
Mass
was
done
,
Father
Simon
according
to
his
usual
custom
made
a
little
harangue
;
at
that
time
it
hapned
to
be
in
Italian
,
and
addressing
himself
first
to
his
own
Consul
,
he
gave
him
the
Title
of
Illustrissimo
Signore
,
and
paid
him
some
little
Complement
,
after
which
he
faced
about
,
and
addressed
himself
very
emphatically
to
the
Prince
.
Chastagner
pretended
to
be
surprized
,
and
that
he
had
neither
seen
Doria
nor
his
Equipage
;
and
turning
short
,
saluted
him
,
and
offered
him
place
in
his
Pew
,
but
without
any
precedence
;
the
Prince
refused
his
offer
,
and
went
out
of
the
Church
before
the
last
Gospel
was
done
.
Mass
being
done
we
went
home
,
only
one
thing
I
forget
to
tell
you
,
that
the
Lutherans
that
were
present
made
no
scruple
of
staying
out
Mass
▪
After
dinner
we
resolved
to
go●
e●the●
●cademy
,
I
mean
the
old
Academy
that
gave
name
of
Academicks
to
the
Schools
all
Europe
over
,
that
lab●ured
to
propagate
and
compleat
all
Su●●●ces
and
Arts.
Our
Fellow-Travellers
expected
nothing
but
rubbish
in
their
walk
,
declaring
publickly
it
was
not
to
be
thought
that
that
Incomparable
Fountain
of
Science
should
remain
clear
and
pellucid
to
this
day
,
considering
the
dulness
and
muddiness
of
the
Genius
of
the
Modern
Greeks
.
I
who
had
conversed
them
abroad
,
had
not
found
any
thing
of
that
stupidity
in
them
:
The
Capuchins
who
took
great
pains
in
the
Instruction
of
their
Children
,
are
witnesses
not
only
of
their
vivacity
and
quickness
,
but
that
they
are
more
than
ordinarily
docile
,
and
disposed
to
any
kind
of
Learning
:
For
as
they
told
me
,
a
young
Athenian
Boy
that
in
two
dayes
time
gets
not
by
heart
twenty
pages
of
his
Catechism
,
believes
himself
so
negligent
or
sottish
,
that
he
has
not
the
confidence
to
appear
again
to
his
Tutor
without
great
Mediation
.
ATHENS
Ancient
and
Modern
:
WITH
A
DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
PRESENT
STATE
OF
THE
EMPIRE
OF
THE
TURKS
.
BOOK
III.
OUR
Janizary
went
out
with
us
in
the
afternoon
,
but
in
the
morning
he
was
absent
,
in
order
as
he
pretended
,
to
provide
entertainment
for
us
after
dinner
:
I
told
you
before
,
he
was
an
ingenious
person
,
and
having
found
our
humours
to
be
inquisitive
and
generous
,
he
studied
all
ways
of
gratifying
them
.
We
left
the
Bazar
on
the
left
hand
,
and
cross'd
the
Ceramick
Street
without
any
remarks
;
and
being
got
as
far
as
the
Temple
of
Theseus
,
which
is
in
the
way
to
the
Academy
,
and
one
of
the
last
houses
in
the
Town
,
our
Janizary
proposed
to
us
to
go
see
a
Greek
of
his
acquaintance
who
was
a
Didascalos
or
School-Master
:
We
desired
no
better
,
and
were
upon
thorns
till
we
were
with
him
,
but
alas
,
how
were
we
disappointed
,
(
who
expected
nothing
but
the
sublime
notions
of
Plato
,
Zeno
,
and
Aristotle
,
)
when
the
Janizary
told
us
he
was
a
mechanick
;
how
were
we
surprized
to
consider
a
man
of
that
quality
should
succeed
in
the
place
of
such
excellent
persons
.
We
found
about
thirty
young
Lads
sitting
upon
Benches
,
and
their
Master
at
the
head
of
them
teaching
them
to
read
;
he
rose
up
when
we
came
in
,
and
received
us
very
civilly
,
in
which
,
to
give
them
their
due
,
that
Nation
is
not
sparing
.
The
Janizary
desired
him
to
go
on
with
his
Boys
,
and
give
us
the
liberty
of
seeing
his
method
,
which
was
pretty
,
and
much
beyond
ours
;
the
Master
causing
the
whole
Classis
to
read
at
a
time
without
confusion
,
every
Scholar
being
obliged
to
attention
,
and
to
mind
what
his
next
neighbour
reads
:
They
had
each
of
them
the
same
Authour
in
their
hand
,
and
for
example
,
if
he
had
thirty
Scholars
,
he
chose
out
some
continued
Discourse
,
and
gave
them
but
thirty
words
to
read
;
the
first
Boy
reading
the
first
word
,
the
second
Boy
the
second
word
,
the
third
Boy
the
third
,
and
so
on
.
If
they
read
roundly
and
right
,
he
gave
them
thirty
words
more
.
But
if
any
of
the
Boys
were
out
or
imperfect
,
he
was
corrected
by
the
next
who
was
always
very
exact
in
observing
him
,
and
he
his
neighbour
,
till
the
whole
number
of
words
were
read
:
So
that
the
thirty
Scholars
lying
all
of
them
at
catch
,
and
ready
to
take
advantage
of
any
defect
in
their
neighbour
,
stimulated
by
an
ambition
of
being
thought
the
best
Scholar
,
every
one's
Lesson
was
the
Lesson
of
all
;
and
happy
was
he
that
could
say
it
the
best
.
To
obviate
any
of
the
Scholars
in
eluding
that
order
by
preparing
himself
for
any
single
word
;
their
places
were
changed
,
and
he
who
at
one
reading
was
in
the
first
place
,
was
removed
a
good
distance
in
the
next
.
Thus
one
Lesson
was
enough
for
a
whole
Form
how
numerous
soever
,
and
which
was
very
convenient
for
the
Master
,
the
Boys
were
not
constrained
to
come
to
him
one
after
another
,
for
every
one
was
a
Master
to
his
Neighbour
.
Supposing
we
had
a
mind
to
be
at
liberty
,
our
Janizary
was
so
civil
as
to
leave
us
to
our selves
,
pretending
some
little
affairs
of
his
own
,
but
with
promise
to
return
in
a
very
short
time
.
The
Civility
of
the
Didascalos
was
so
great
,
that
he
would
not
suffer
us
to
refuse
a
Collation
that
he
offered
;
and
to
accommodate
us
the
better
,
he
conveyed
us
into
his
Chamber
,
from
whence
he
had
carefully
removed
his
Wife
to
a
Neighbours
house
,
by
an
effect
of
the
Grecian
Jealousie
:
But
he
sent
for
two
Calogers
of
his
acquaintance
to
entertain
us
in
her
stead
.
They
were
reputed
two
of
the
gravest
men
of
the
Town
,
and
our
Landlord
had
enlarged
much
upon
their
parts
.
Our
first
dish
was
Botargo
of
Larta
,
which
is
a
kind
of
Sausage
made
up
with
eggs
and
the
belly
of
a
Fish
they
call
Cephale
,
and
we
a
Pollard
;
it
is
an
excellent
Ragoust
,
and
nothing
in
the
world
better
to
drink
withall
.
The
best
Botargo
is
made
at
Larta
,
which
is
the
Ancient
Town
of
Ambracia
,
betwixt
Epirm
and
Acarnania
;
after
our
Botargo
,
came
is
a
dish
of
incomparable
dry'd
Neats
Tongues
brought
from
Constantinople
,
than
which
no
place
affords
better
.
Our
minds
were
fixt
upon
our
Antiquities
,
and
we
were
impatient
to
be
gone
,
nevertheless
in
complaisance
we
were
glad
to
feed
,
or
at
least
to
pretend
to
it
.
The
Calogers
eat
nothing
,
for
you
must
know
,
they
never
eat
flesh
:
The
Wine
was
better
than
ordinary
,
for
generally
in
Athens
it
is
blackish
and
not
fine
,
which
is
their
own
fault
,
for
their
Wine
would
be
good
enough
,
if
when
they
press
their
Grapes
they
did
not
put
in
so
much
water
:
the
best
Wine
in
these
Parts
is
the
Wine
of
Lepanthe
.
On
the
South-side
of
the
House
where
we
were
,
and
as
it
were
just
under
the
window
,
there
was
a
little
inclosed
Vineyard
pitifully
managed
,
though
the
stocks
of
the
Vines
were
thick
and
well
grown
enough
to
have
invited
the
Didascalos
to
more
care
,
and
better
cultivation
;
and
when
he
told
us
the
Wine
that
we
drank
came
out
of
such
another
Vineyard
,
I
could
not
forbear
rebuking
his
negligence
in
not
improving
of
that
:
One
of
the
Calogers
,
and
he
that
the
Didascalos
had
recommended
(
for
the
greater
Conjurer
of
the
two
)
replyed
in
Italian
,
which
he
spake
very
well
,
that
the
ground
indeed
was
very
good
,
and
would
produce
very
good
Grapes
,
but
they
might
hang
10000
Years
before
the
Wine
would
be
fit
to
drink
.
We
stared
one
upon
another
to
hear
him
talk
at
that
rate
,
and
thought
it
odd
and
ridiculous
,
especially
coming
from
an
Athenian
,
and
one
who
had
been
magnified
so
highly
.
We
proceeded
afterwards
to
their
Bread
,
and
found
fault
it
was
no
better
made
:
The
Didascalos
told
us
the
fault
was
in
their
Mills
,
and
that
at
present
the
River
Illisus
was
parted
into
so
many
cuts
,
that
there
was
not
water
enough
to
grind
the
Corn.
And
why
then
,
said
Dreslington
,
do
you
not
make
use
of
Wind-Mills
?
Why
,
said
the
Caloger
very
gravely
,
we
caused
five
or
six
to
be
set
up
in
a
large
Vale
hard
by
,
and
scarce
any
of
them
was
serviceable
:
That
Answer
me
thought
cleared
the
point
,
and
quite
took
away
my
Opinion
of
those
Greeks
;
we
could
not
forbear
blurting
to
one
another
,
and
declaiming
in
Latin
against
the
ignorance
of
the
present
Greeks
:
They
in
the
mean
time
kept
their
countenance
,
and
looked
very
demurely
;
we
thought
them
affected
,
and
that
by
their
looks
they
had
been
highly
pleased
at
what
they
had
said
,
and
we
laughed
at
them
the
more
:
The
School-Master
smiled
,
and
said
not
a
word
.
Bu●
Beraldi
who
had
said
nothing
till
then
,
advised
us
not
to
be
too
rash
in
our
Judgements
,
for
in
his
Opinion
the
Greeks
did
but
droll
upon
us
,
and
by
their
trifling
answers
rebuke
our
impertinent
chat
,
and
desire
to
rid
themselves
of
the
importunity
of
our
questions
;
adding
that
no
rallery
was
more
biting
than
that
nonsencical
way
of
theirs
,
where
by
cross
and
improper
answers
they
seemed
to
correct
,
and
many
times
confound
such
People
as
pretended
to
be
so
subtil
.
But
Beraldi
might
say
what
he
would
,
he
could
not
perswade
us
but
they
were
as
very
Coxcombs
as
they
appeared
;
and
to
mend
the
matter
,
there
was
so
much
starchedness
and
formality
in
their
look
,
that
the
wit
of
Man
could
not
have
bettered
our
impression
;
especially
when
giving
them
an
account
of
an
Ancient
Athenian
called
Alcibiades
,
who
sacked
Constantinople
,
called
formerly
Bizantium
,
they
stood
gaping
upon
me
as
men
in
a
maze
:
Men
I
named
several
of
their
most
illustrious
Ancestors
,
as
Olympiodorus
,
Thrasibulus
Harmodius
and
Aristogiton
,
they
stopped
me
in
my
cariere
,
and
asked
whether
they
were
Christians
;
whether
they
were
of
kin
to
Constantine
;
and
whether
in
their
dayes
they
were
as
considerable
as
their
Dimitrios
Beninzellos
Stamatis
Paleologuos
,
or
Polimenos
Zarles
?
still
opposing
some
of
their
Vecohiados
to
every
one
of
those
brave
men
as
I
named
them
.
At
length
the
Caloger
pulling
off
his
mask
,
and
justifying
what
Beraldi
had
conjectured
,
I
cannot
but
laugh
(
said
he
with
some
eagerness
)
at
your
Alcibiades
and
your
Olympiodorus
;
He
that
should
attribute
our
present
subsistence
to
their
bravery
,
or
to
the
Wisdom
of
Photion
,
would
be
more
remarkable
for
his
folly
,
than
Socrates
was
formerly
for
his
Sagacity
.
There
is
not
a
stranger
comes
to
Athens
,
but
observing
the
present
condition
of
the
Country
,
he
deplores
our
misfortunes
,
with
grea●
expressions
of
sorrow
,
to
see
so
Famous
a
City
in
the
clutches
of
Barbarians
,
and
i●
a
Pious
Zeal
cryes
out
against
that
ambition
which
animates
your
Princes
,
and
prompts
them
rather
to
tear
one
another
i●
pieces
,
than
to
confederate
as
well
for
thei●
own
interest
,
as
ours
against
the
tyranny
o●
the
Turks
.
This
is
the
common
sentimen●
and
discourse
of
all
Travellers
that
com●
hither
.
But
what
does
it
signifie
?
't
is
bu●
impertinent
talk
,
and
I
do
not
question
bu●
five
or
six
hundred
years
hence
they
wil●
complain
to
as
little
purpose
of
the
ill
management
of
the
Liberty
and
Power
amon●
you
,
and
the
remedy
will
be
as
near
.
Th●
half-witted
people
in
your
Country
laug●
at
our
ignorance
,
but
I
beseech
you
wit●
what
Justice
?
were
we
not
ready
in
O●
Times
to
communicate
with
you
,
and
impart
our
Notions
in
all
the
Excellent
Sciences
.
When
you
had
forgot
what
you
received
from
Plato
,
and
Aristotle
,
and
Epicurus
,
we
were
so
kind
in
the
middle
of
the
fourteenth
Century
,
to
supply
you
again
with
the
Learning
of
Argyropolis
,
Theodore
Gaza
,
George
Gemisto
,
and
Antonicus
:
You
look
as
you
were
surprized
,
but
for
whom
do
you
take
us
Athenians
?
To
silence
you
quite
,
I
reserve
for
the
last
the
poor
but
incomparable
Caloger
Bessarion
,
who
by
one
of
your
Popes
was
made
a
Cardinal
,
and
sent
Legate
into
France
1472.
to
accommodate
the
difference
betwixt
Lewis
XI
.
and
Charles
the
last
Duke
of
Burgundy
.
You
pretend
to
be
the
greatest
Historians
in
the
world
,
and
yet
possibly
you
may
be
ignorant
that
the
Pope
did
that
at
the
Funeral
of
Bessarion
,
which
was
never
done
before
at
the
Funeral
of
any
Cardinal
,
for
he
in
person
attended
his
Corps
to
the
Grave
,
contrary
to
the
constant
practice
of
that
Court
.
I
will
not
swear
,
that
with
your
skill
in
the
Latin
Gibbrish
you
ever
heard
this
Story
that
I
shall
tell
you
;
George
Gemisto
was
a
Platonist
,
George
of
Trapezund
a
Peripatetick
:
these
two
Sects
were
formely
in
great
emulation
,
and
perhaps
are
none
of
the
best
friends
at
this
day
;
George
of
Trapezund
writ
against
the
Doctrine
of
Plato
,
and
I
question
not
but
some
of
his
works
falling
into
your
hands
has
been
the
occasion
that
Aristotle
has
been
of
late
received
into
your
Schools
.
Come
to
Constantinople
,
come
to
Sinopi
a
Famous
Port
in
the
Black
Sea
,
and
you
will
find
Professors
in
Philosophy
that
will
discourse
with
you
seven
years
together
.
My
modesty
will
not
suffer
me
to
speak
of
those
in
Athens
;
In
those
three
there
are
publick
Schools
for
the
teaching
of
those
Notions
;
but
in
the
rest
of
the
Towns
of
Greece
,
we
have
no
Science
but
what
teaches
us
contempt
of
this
world
,
and
preparation
for
the
next
.
Our
Philosophy
teaches
us
to
detest
Sin
,
and
our
Theology
to
Pray
.
The
great
Apostle
,
to
whom
this
Town
is
indebted
for
its
Conversion
,
insinuates
nothing
else
,
and
that
is
the
main
drift
and
scope
of
his
Epistles
to
us
.
For
you
,
I
beseech
you
,
what
fruit
is
there
of
your
Artificial
Eloquence
?
of
the
confused
tumult
in
your
Schools
?
of
the
vain
and
obstinate
contests
of
your
Doctors
,
your
chimerical
dissertations
upon
what
you
call
Criticisms
,
and
we
nothing
but
fooleries
?
Your
great
questions
in
Philosophy
are
rather
subtilties
and
curiosities
,
than
matters
of
use
;
in
a
word
,
meer
Metaphysical
reflections
beyond
,
if
not
contrary
to
natural
experience
,
serving
rather
to
perplex
and
obumbrate
,
than
to
illustrate
the
Truth
,
whilst
the
niceties
of
your
Great
Colledge
are
either
the
cause
or
support
of
New
Heresies
,
extravagant
Sects
,
monstrous
Opinions
,
Confederacies
,
Civil
Wars
,
and
corruption
in
matters
of
Justïce
.
Since
Plato
was
rejected
,
and
Aristotle
received
into
your
Schools
,
how
many
of
your
Learned
Doctors
have
there
been
,
who
would
make
the
Peripatetical
Doctrine
the
foundation
of
their
Christianity
,
declining
the
Authority
of
the
Scripture
,
and
not
only
doubting
,
but
questioning
and
disputing
Pro
and
Con
with
great
ardency
whether
there
be
a
God
or
not
?
You
will
ask
perhaps
,
have
not
we
the
same
difference
and
respect
for
these
Philosophers
?
No
,
they
were
our
own
Countrey-men
,
and
taught
publickly
here
;
yet
when
Reason
dissents
,
we
are
the
first
in
the
Lists
against
them
.
And
having
spoken
thus
freely
of
our
exercises
in
Peace
,
let
us
now
see
how
we
can
match
you
in
enterprizes
of
War
:
We
will
not
look
back
to
former
Ages
,
in
that
Oase
you
have
little
to
pretend
;
but
it
is
not
above
464
years
since
we
defeated
one
of
your
most
Considerable
Fleets
at
the
Mouth
of
the
Strymon
,
which
is
a
River
in
Macedonia
.
Your
Arms
had
never
any
advantage
over
the
Greeks
,
but
at
the
taking
of
Constantinople
,
and
even
that
was
done
by
fraud
and
impiety
;
for
the
Army
which
your
Allies
assembled
(
about
15
years
after
the
defeat
at
Strymon
)
for
the
recovery
of
the
Holy
Land
,
being
arrived
at
Zara
in
Dalmatia
,
instead
of
reducing
Palestine
as
was
declared
,
changed
their
design
,
and
undertook
the
Enterprize
against
Constantinople
,
and
thereby
betraying
and
falsifying
the
Oath
of
the
Croisade
,
and
perverting
the
Charity
of
those
Christians
who
had
so
bountifully
supplied
them
,
they
Marched
unexpectedly
against
Constantinople
,
surprized
it
contrary
to
their
publick
Profession
,
and
the
pious
hopes
and
intention
of
the
good
people
of
your
Nations
;
afterwards
you
set
up
two
or
three
Emperours
,
of
which
one
paid
his
head
to
expiate
his
Usurpation
.
When
first
our
Empire
became
sensible
of
the
Ottoman
Arms
,
had
you
consulted
either
your
own
Interest
or
Religion
,
you
would
have
joined
your
Forces
with
ours
,
and
endeavoured
to
have
stopped
in
the
source
an
evil
that
must
needs
draw
such
ill
consequences
upon
your selves
.
If
it
should
ever
happen
(
which
God
forbid
)
that
Sicily
should
fall
under
the
same
Calamities
as
are
at
present
upon
Candia
,
what
would
become
of
poor
Italy
,
Where
there
is
not
one
strong
Town
,
and
scarce
a
man
worthy
to
be
the
posterity
of
those
ancient
Heroes
?
and
yet
you
do
not
object
it
to
them
that
they
are
at
this
day
as
ill
furnished
with
Caesar's
and
Scipio's
,
as
we
are
with
Alexander's
and
Olympiodorus's
.
The
Genois
,
with
immortal
scandal
to
the
name
or
Christianity
about
130
years
since
supplied
Amurath
with
the
Ships
that
transported
the
first
Turkish
Troops
into
Christendom
:
Your
Cabals
and
your
Factions
have
frustrated
us
even
of
our
own
proper
succours
and
relief
;
and
when
we
thought
to
have
found
our
only
protector
and
deliverer
in
the
person
of
Scanderbeg
,
Pope
Pius
II.
though
he
saw
him
balancing
the
fortune
of
the
Turks
,
interrupted
his
progress
,
and
would
not
be
quiet
till
he
had
taken
him
from
that
Holy
War
,
and
brought
him
into
Italy
to
concern
himself
in
those
quarrels
among
the
Christians
,
and
drive
the
French
from
Naples
.
Not
long
after
,
what
unworthy
reception
,
what
infamous
treatment
did
you
give
to
Prince
Zizim
,
eldest
Son
to
Mahomet
II.
and
Protector
of
our
City
?
The
unhappy
Gentleman
finding
himself
rejected
by
a
seditious
part
of
the
Army
,
threw
himself
into
your
Arms
,
and
opened
a
way
thereby
for
your
Forces
to
have
marched
into
the
very
bowels
of
Turkie
.
In
the
judgment
of
all
Christendom
it
was
fault
enough
to
have
slipped
so
fair
an
opportunity
,
but
you
added
treachery
to
your
negligence
,
and
suffered
,
I
may
say
,
caused
that
poor
Prince
to
be
poisoned
.
I
shall
be
so
favourable
to
your
honour
as
not
to
name
the
Persons
,
but
this
I
shall
say
,
you
disappointed
us
Greeks
,
who
expected
his
company
,
and
looked
upon
him
as
the
only
hopes
of
our
re-establishment
,
and
you
ruined
his
friends
in
his
own
Country
:
This
may
be
forgotten
among
you
,
but
the
Ottoman
Princes
will
remember
it
;
and
after
the
miscarriage
of
Zizim
not
one
of
them
will
be
tempted
for
refuge
to
you
,
let
what
persecution
soever
arrive
.
So
then
as
to
us
,
it
is
opportunity
,
not
courage
that
is
wanting
.
Our
Nation
is
not
degenerated
;
are
not
they
our
Soldiers
which
at
this
day
fight
your
Armies
,
and
over-run
your
Provinces
?
you
cannot
deny
but
the
Ottoman
Force
consists
principally
of
persons
forced
or
stolen
from
us
,
and
that
the
name
of
Janizary
does
not
absolve
them
from
being
Greeks
,
or
divest
them
of
their
natural
vigour
.
Tell
me
I
pray
you
,
what
Country-man
is
the
Grand
Signior
himself
,
since
so
many
Generations
●●
the
Ottoman
Family
has
been
established
in
Constantinople
;
and
their
heirs
have
proceeded
out
of
the
loins
of
young
Grecian
Damoisels
that
have
been
presented
to
the
Seraglio
:
The
Hunkiar
Asaki
,
the
Emperours
chief
Sultaness
,
at
this
day
the
only
delight
of
Mahomet
IV
,
and
Mother
of
the
young
Prince
that
is
like
to
succeed
him
,
is
a
Grecian
born
,
and
was
taken
at
the
sacking
of
Retimo
in
Candia
about
Twenty
one
years
since
.
To
be
short
,
we
are
become
●ne
people
,
and
it
is
with
us
and
them
as
it
was
formerly
with
the
Saxons
and
English
;
the
Goths
and
the
Spaniards
;
the
Gauls
and
the
French
;
and
if
it
would
please
God
to
permit
the
doctrine
of
Christianity
to
be
received
at
the
Port
,
and
the
diversity
of
Religion
betwixt
us
to
be
abolished
,
(
which
makes
our
moral
differences
irreconcileable
)
we
might
say
,
and
say
true
,
That
the
Emperour
of
the
Greeks
is
at
this
day
greater
and
more
puissant
than
the
Emperours
of
Constantinople
have
been
formerly
.
Moreover
,
I
do
believe
you
are
unacquainted
with
a
thing
that
our
Historians
do
justifie
,
and
that
is
,
that
the
Ottoman
Family
are
now
Emperours
of
the
East
more
by
descent
and
lineal
succession
than
Conquest
;
for
you
must
know
the
present
Princes
of
Turkie
do
derive
from
the
Emperours
of
Greece
by
a
younger
Son
of
the
Imperial
Family
,
who
upon
some
discontent
retired
to
the
Sultans
of
Iconium
,
where
he
married
,
and
gave
original
to
the
House
of
the
Ottomans
:
So
that
the
Greeks
may
assume
some
part
of
the
honour
which
has
been
gained
upon
you
by
the
Valour
and
the
Conduct
of
the
Turks
.
I
call
it
their
Valour
and
Conduct
with
the
more
confidence
,
because
I
cannot
think
that
you
believe
all
those
Victories
and
Advantages
obtained
by
your
Enemies
,
are
but
the
effects
of
their
good
Fortune
:
Certainly
Fortune
is
never
so
constant
,
but
where
there
is
Judgment
and
Conduct
to
fix
it
;
but
so
much
the
worse
for
you
if
their
prudence
has
no
part
in
their
prosperity
.
Are
you
not
ashamed
that
the
stupidity
of
the
Turks
should
be
so
much
too
har●
for
your
great
managery
and
cunning
?
You
will
say
God
has
a
mind
to
chastise
you
for
your
exorbitancies
;
if
it
be
so
and
you
know
it
,
why
do
you
not
correct
them
,
and
let
your
Conversion
make
your
attonement
?
No
no
,
you
will
scarce
ever
be
wiser
,
and
we
shall
have
still
reason
to
demand
where
is
that
prodigious
wisdom
,
and
transcendant
address
,
that
in
your
own
thoughts
advances
you
so
infinitely
above
the
Greeks
?
The
Caloger
having
ended
,
the
School-master
took
the
word
out
of
his
mouth
,
and
addressing
to
us
,
told
us
that
he
had
forgot
to
speak
of
the
great
Valour
of
the
Grecian
Janizaries
;
If
we
would
make
a
noise
,
and
boast
of
our
Courage
,
we
need
no
more
than
name
three
of
our
Heroes
,
whose
undauntedness
has
been
so
conspicuous
in
Canadia
,
I
mean
,
Zimbi
,
Balzama
,
and
Calamo
:
The
two
first
had
each
of
them
the
Command
of
a
Regiment
,
the
third
of
a
Company
;
all
three
serving
the
Venetian
with
so
much
gallantry
and
prudence
,
that
they
were
equally
venerable
both
to
the
Turks
and
the
Christians
:
If
your
curiosity
carries
you
into
that
Island
,
you
will
hear
more
of
them
.
Imagine
if
you
can
how
strangely
we
were
astonished
at
this
apology
of
the
Greeks
,
and
how
we
stared
one
upon
another
to
hear
so
many
good
things
from
a
man
we
had
concluded
little
better
than
a
Statue
.
He
humbled
our
Virtuosi
,
and
brought
us
unanimously
to
ask
his
pardon
for
the
unjust
conception
we
had
made
of
his
parts
.
I
have
mentioned
him
to
you
before
,
his
name
was
Hyeros
Monachos
Damaskinos
;
Bertaldi
was
very
well
pleased
that
he
had
judged
of
him
so
right
:
and
Damaskinos
confessed
with
such
kind
of
harangues
he
had
confounded
several
Travellers
,
and
corrected
their
vanity
.
Had
he
many
such
Rencounters
,
the
honour
of
that
Country
would
quickly
be
vindicated
;
but
most
of
the
Franks
will
not
give
him
their
attention
,
and
if
at
any
time
they
happen
into
discourse
,
and
he
presses
them
with
any
thing
,
they
are
immediately
in
a
huff
;
he
is
a
Sot
,
and
a
Fool
,
and
there
's
an
end
of
the
Conference
.
We
presently
found
that
our
officious
Janizary
had
got
him
thither
on
purpose
to
entertain
us
to
our
minds
.
Damaskinos
spake
the
Greek
,
Turkish
,
Latin
and
Italian
Languages
very
well
;
he
had
a
smattering
likewise
of
French
,
having
gained
some
words
by
his
conversation
with
Father
Simon
,
with
whom
he
had
great
intimacy
.
Damaskinos
was
one
of
the
three
Professors
of
Divinity
and
Philosophy
who
read
publickly
in
Athens
,
though
to
us
in
modesty
he
concealed
it
.
The
Archbishop
and
Demetrios
Beninzellos
were
the
other
two
.
The
Doctrine
of
the
Archbishop
being
proscribed
,
his
Lessons
are
only
exhortations
to
Christianity
;
both
of
them
read
in
their
own
Houses
,
without
any
Salary
but
what
comes
from
the
good
will
of
the
Scholars
:
Damaskinos
and
Beninzellos
have
not
nevertheless
been
so
successful
in
Scholastick
points
,
and
criticisms
of
Divinity
,
as
in
matters
of
Philosophy
;
yet
there
is
no
stranger
comes
near
them
at
expounding
the
Greek
Fathers
.
At
length
we
took
our
leaves
both
of
our
Didascalos
and
Calogers
,
we
parted
with
great
friendship
,
and
followed
our
Janizary
who
was
returned
,
and
tempted
us
away
.
He
conducted
us
towards
the
Dypilon
,
which
was
the
only
Gate
remaining
of
the
old
City
.
There
were
three
Gates
one
within
another
,
great
,
well
built
,
curiously
wrought
,
and
deserved
to
be
reckoned
among
the
best
Antiquities
in
Athens
.
Thucydides
,
Polybius
,
Plutarch
,
and
all
the
ancient
Historians
have
mentioned
them
,
but
none
of
them
more
particularly
than
Titus
Livius
,
who
speaking
of
Philip
King
of
Macedon
has
this
passage
,
Ad
Dypilon
accessit
,
porta
ea
velut
in
ore
Vrbis
posita
,
major
aliquantò
,
patentiorque
quam
caeterae
,
&
intra
eam
,
extraque
latae
sunt
viae
.
He
advanced
to
the
Dypilon
,
a
Gate
that
stands
in
the
very
mouth
of
the
City
,
bigger
something
,
and
broader
than
the
rest
,
and
the
Streets
large
both
withinside
and
without
.
Lucian
tells
us
that
there
stood
formerly
the
Tomb
of
the
Physician
Toxaris
,
who
among
the
Athenians
was
in
great
veneration
,
and
often
invoked
by
them
upon
any
violent
Feaver
;
and
he
ventures
upon
the
very
place
,
assuring
us
it
stood
on
the
left
hand
as
we
passed
to
the
Academy
,
not
far
from
the
Temple
of
Theseus
.
There
is
to
be
seen
likewise
the
Tomb
of
Anthemocritus
the
Herald
at
Arms
,
whom
the
Megarians
killed
against
the
Law
of
Nations
:
This
Gate
had
also
been
called
Thryasia
,
Thracia
,
and
Ceromica
.
On
the
right
hand
from
Dypilon
,
we
had
the
sight
of
a
very
ancient
and
fine
Wall
,
with
the
ruines
of
an
admirable
Gate
:
It
had
formerly
been
the
Gymnasium
of
Ptolemy
King
of
Egypt
,
in
which
,
among
many
Brass
Statues
,
there
was
one
of
Mercury
in
Stone
,
an
excellent
piece
that
passed
fo●
one
of
the
best
in
the
whole
Town
.
You
must
know
that
by
the
word
Gymnasion
,
the
Athenians
understood
equally
such
places
as
were
designed
for
the
Exercises
of
the
Body
and
the
Mind
;
and
accordingly
here
it
was
that
for
some
time
Cicero
studied
under
Antiochus
the
Philosopher
.
If
there
be
any
place
in
all
Athens
where
Travellers
are
more
than
ordinarily
critical
it
is
here
:
some
will
have
these
to
be
the
ruines
of
the
Temple
of
Jupiter
Olympus
●
which
indeed
was
quite
at
the
other
end
o●
the
Town
;
others
will
have
them
to
hav●
been
the
Palace
of
Themistocles
;
but
that
is
but
fancy
,
and
uncertain
,
for
there
are
several
Palaces
bestowed
upon
him
in
Athens
,
and
particularly
an
old
relique
near
the
Temple
of
Neptune
,
of
which
more
by
and
by
.
The
most
probable
opinion
is
,
that
Themistocles
his
Palace
was
on
the
South-side
of
Ptolemy's
Gymnasion
,
not
far
from
Melita
,
as
Plutarch
has
described
it
.
On
the
side
of
these
ruines
there
are
the
remains
of
an
old
Brick
Wall
,
of
which
Vitruvius
speaks
,
and
looks
,
as
he
says
,
upon
the
Mount
Hymettus
,
not
far
from
the
Mountain
of
Saint
George
.
On
the
right
hand
towards
the
Academy
,
and
near
the
Dypilon
stood
the
ancient
Temple
of
Theseus
,
remarkable
for
the
Feasts
which
the
Ancients
solemnized
in
honour
of
that
Heroe
,
and
for
the
distribution
of
Meal
which
was
made
among
the
poor
of
that
Town
:
But
the
greatest
testimony
of
their
veneration
for
their
Founder
,
was
their
making
an
inviolable
Asylum
of
his
Temple
,
in
which
all
Slaves
were
received
and
protected
from
the
ill
usage
of
their
Masters
:
It
was
built
after
the
Battel
of
Marathon
,
Consecrated
during
the
Victories
of
Cimon
,
and
repaired
(
as
the
rest
)
by
the
orders
of
Adrian
,
since
when
,
by
the
bounty
of
certain
certain
Christian
Princes
,
it
has
been
turned
into
a
Church
;
at
present
it
is
much
decayed
,
and
not
likely
to
be
repaired
but
by
the
misfortune
of
making
it
a
Mosque
:
Hitherto
the
Turks
have
attempted
it
,
but
in
vain
;
The
Christians
is
have
been
so
happy
as
to
keep
it
,
by
their
Interest
with
the
Keslar
Agasi
.
The
Turks
in
madness
pretend
they
would
not
be
troubled
with
it
,
and
that
being
without
the
Town
it
would
not
be
convenient
for
them
.
Because
it
stood
without
the
City
,
some
of
our
company
would
not
believe
it
was
the
same
that
is
so
much
mentioned
in
ancient
History
,
in
respect
that
Plutarch
has
placed
it
in
the
middle
of
Athens
;
not
considering
how
much
this
City
is
altered
since
Plutarch's
time
,
nor
observing
the
vast
demolishment
before
the
Temple
towards
the
Field
,
and
perhaps
not
knowing
that
all
that
side
was
inhabited
and
divided
into
three
great
Wards
,
called
Kyera
Siki
,
The
Academy
,
and
the
Colonos
Hippios
:
and
it
could
not
be
more
exactly
in
the
midst
of
Athens
,
than
by
lying
betwixt
the
present
Town
,
and
that
place
which
they
call
now
Asti
,
or
the
City
.
But
besides
these
convictions
,
the
very
Walls
and
Building
are
sufficient
to
perswade
us
of
its
antiquity
.
About
this
Temple
there
were
formerly
four
considerable
places
;
a
Court
or
Tribunal
,
a
Prison
,
the
Horcomosion
(
where
the
Peace
was
concluded
betwixt
Theseus
and
the
Amazons
)
and
the
Theatre
of
Regilla
,
which
Theatre
was
built
by
Herodes
Atticus
,
because
the
Theatre
of
Bacchus
,
though
great
and
magnificent
,
was
not
sufficient
to
receive
the
vast
multitude
of
spectators
that
came
to
see
their
publick
representations
.
At
this
day
,
hard
by
the
said
Temple
,
is
to
be
seen
a
large
and
fair
Marble
Statue
of
a
Lyon
couching
upon
the
ground
,
and
as
it
were
asleep
;
to
distinguish
it
from
that
upon
the
Coast
,
and
that
other
in
the
Castle
,
who
are
both
Rampant
,
and
as
it
were
in
a
rage
:
Upon
which
score
the
poor
people
of
Athens
,
as
they
pass
by
this
Lyon
,
they
whisper
it
in
the
Ear
,
and
tell
it
,
You
may
sleep
on
,
Lyon
of
Athens
,
and
take
your
rest
,
for
the
Lyon
upon
the
Coast
and
the
Lyon
in
the
Castle
watch
for
you
.
Some
four
or
five
years
since
,
this
Lyon
was
the
occasion
of
a
Prodigy
in
that
City
.
The
Wife
of
one
of
the
Janizaries
of
the
Castle
passing
many
times
with
her
Husband
by
this
Lyon
,
rested
herself
one
day
before
it
,
and
fixing
her
eyes
firmly
upon
it
,
she
hapned
to
conceive
at
the
same
time
,
by
which
means
her
imagination
impregnated
with
that
Object
,
and
re-inforced
every
day
by
the
sight
of
the
Lyon
in
the
Castle
,
it
had
so
strong
an
impression
upon
her
,
that
at
the
end
of
Nine
months
she
was
brought
to
bed
of
a
Monster
with
a
head
like
a
Lyon
,
which
the
Disdar
caused
to
be
stifled
.
Having
passed
by
that
,
we
went
on
by
the
Gardens
in
the
ruines
of
the
Faubourg
of
the
Academy
or
the
Ceramique
,
for
it
is
called
equally
by
both
names
.
Before
I
came
to
Athens
,
I
have
admired
a
hundred
times
that
among
so
many
Learned
men
as
have
Translated
and
Commented
upon
Pausanias
,
and
particularly
Amazeus
and
Meursius
,
never
any
of
them
gave
us
a
Plain
of
that
City
:
But
my
astonishment
ceased
when
I
was
in
this
Faubourg
,
and
considered
the
ground
,
and
I
could
not
but
acknowledge
they
had
done
well
.
I
shall
give
you
but
one
instance
.
Pausanians
having
given
us
a
description
of
the
Areopagus
,
jumps
immediately
to
the
Academy
,
and
who
would
not
upon
probable
conjecture
believe
but
two
places
that
are
so
jumbled
together
in
his
Writings
,
should
be
next
neighbours
in
their
scituation
?
and
yet
there
is
no
more
communication
nor
proximity
betwixt
them
than
there
is
betwixt
the
Cours
de
la
Reyne
and
the
Place
Royalle
in
Paris
,
or
St.
Peter's
Church
and
the
Porte
Latine
in
Rome
,
for
there
is
a
compleat
League
betwixt
them
,
and
to
pass
from
one
to
the
other
you
must
cross
the
whole
City
.
The
Academy
was
called
so
for
being
the
Inheritance
of
one
Academus
,
who
lived
in
the
time
when
Theseus
,
after
his
infidelity
to
Ariana
,
stole
away
Hellen
,
and
carried
her
from
Lacedaemon
:
Castor
and
Pollux
her
two
Brethren
,
pursued
with
what
Forces
they
could
make
,
and
came
as
far
as
Athens
;
but
not
being
able
to
discover
where
she
was
,
they
were
privately
advertized
by
this
Academus
,
which
was
a
kindness
so
well
taken
by
the
Lacedemonians
,
that
in
all
the
Wars
and
depredations
committed
by
the
Lacedemonians
afterwards
upon
the
Athenians
,
their
Armies
still
spared
the
Academy
,
for
Academus
his
sake
.
Sylla
was
not
altogether
so
civil
,
for
he
sacrificed
to
the
Laws
of
War
,
and
the
liberty
of
the
Soldier
all
those
brave
Groves
and
pleasant
Walks
which
Cimon
had
made
for
the
entertainment
of
the
Philosophers
,
and
imployed
the
Timber
to
make
Engines
for
the
battery
of
the
Town
.
There
it
was
that
such
men
were
interred
●s
had
done
any
great
Service
for
their
Country
;
among
others
,
Harmodius
,
Aristogiton
,
and
Thrasibulus
.
Upon
the
two
Wings
of
this
Faubourg
there
was
a
kind
of
Forrest
,
of
Marble
Pillars
,
loaden
with
so
many
Statues
and
Epitaphs
,
that
he
,
who
in
a
short
time
had
a
mind
to
understand
all
the
great
actions
of
that
Common-wealth
,
had
no
more
to
do
than
to
read
over
all
those
Elogies
and
Inscriptions
.
Among
the
rest
of
the
Tombs
there
was
one
for
Zeno
the
Philosopher
,
which
his
old
friend
Antigonus
obtained
from
the
Athenians
as
a
considerable
favour
.
Plato
had
his
Monument
too
,
but
nor
so
magnificent
,
for
which
he
may
thank
himself
,
for
it
was
he
that
regulated
their
exorbitancy
in
their
Tombs
,
affirming
that
a
Stone
big
enough
to
have
four
Verses
engraven
upon
it
,
was
big
enough
for
the
recording
of
any
mans
memory
after
he
was
dead
.
Not
far
from
this
Academy
there
stood
a
little
Temple
,
dedicated
to
Bacchus
Liber
;
a
little
consecrated
Inclosure
,
in
which
they
worshipt
Diana
,
sirnamed
Calista
;
and
Monuments
to
the
honour
of
Theseus
,
Oedipus
,
and
Pirithous
.
Among
several
Altars
dispersed
up
and
down
,
Minerva
,
Vulcan
,
Neptune
,
Hercules
,
the
Muses
,
Love
,
and
Prometheus
had
every
one
one
.
That
was
the
first
that
ever
was
dedicated
to
Love
,
and
the
first
man
that
ever
came
thither
to
sacrifice
was
Charmus
,
the
favourite
of
Pisistrates
.
The
Altar
of
Prometheus
was
famous
for
a
Course
which
was
run
there
during
the
Festivals
consecrated
to
Minerva
;
for
the
Athenians
sometimes
on
foot
,
and
sometimes
on
Horse-back
,
started
at
this
Altar
(
each
with
a
light
Torch
in
his
hand
)
and
running
quite
along
the
Faubourg
to
an
appointed
place
,
he
who
made
his
Course
without
putting
out
his
Torch
,
had
a
Prize
for
his
pains
,
and
was
in
great
reputation
with
the
people
.
Plato
being
the
first
Philosopher
that
●aught
in
the
Academy
,
gave
the
name
of
Academicks
to
all
of
his
Sect.
After
his
death
(
which
is
now
2016
years
since
)
Learning
increased
in
Athens
so
considerably
,
that
two
other
Academies
were
erected
,
as
well
to
accommodate
the
multitude
of
Scholars
,
as
by
reason
of
diversity
of
Opinions
that
began
to
spread
among
them
:
Arcesilas
founded
the
second
Academy
,
and
Lecydes
the
third
.
Their
Doctrine
in
general
consisted
in
●hese
Principles
,
That
nothing
ought
to
be
positively
affirmed
,
because
nothing
could
be
certainly
known
.
That
there
were
of
all
things
certain
Species
which
they
called
Phantasies
;
which
Species
were
not
formed
according
to
the
nature
of
the
things
,
but
according
to
the
disposition
of
the
body
or
object
to
which
those
Species
were
carried
:
From
whence
they
maintained
that
nothing
subsisted
actually
in
it self
,
or
had
any
proper
or
peculiar
Essence
,
but
subsisted
only
by
reference
,
as
they
were
formed
in
our
Senses
,
not
in
the
subject
from
whence
they
flowed
,
and
this
you
may
find
in
Aulus
Gellius
.
Their
Morality
bore
the
character
of
Piety
and
Religion
,
and
the
doctrine
of
the
Academy
obtaining
a
long
time
,
was
taught
in
the
University
of
Paris
.
At
length
the
doctrine
of
the
Peripateticks
was
introduced
,
and
the
Lycaeum
prevailed
with
us
as
more
subtil
and
consentaneous
with
Nature
.
When
we
arrived
at
this
famous
School
,
how
strangely
were
we
surprized
?
how
sadly
were
we
affected
to
behold
its
ruine
and
desolation
?
There
was
nothing
to
be
seen
but
heaps
of
Rubbish
,
and
great
splinters
of
Stone
over-grown
with
Grass
,
or
covered
over
with
Earth
.
Here
and
there
were
a
few
Fig-Trees
and
Olive-Trees
,
and
pittiful
Cabins
where
the
Gardiners
were
lodged
.
If
in
so
melancholy
a
spectacle
any
thing
occurred
of
consolation
,
it
was
,
to
think
that
the
name
of
that
place
,
and
the
qualities
of
that
Genius
which
presided
there
,
were
transplanted
to
Paris
;
for
in
short
,
we
must
acknowledge
as
Rome
did
of
old
,
Omnis
ubertas
,
&
quasi
sylva
dicendi
,
ab
Academia
ducta
est
.
All
our
Elegance
,
and
exactness
of
expression
,
is
deducible
from
the
Academy
.
But
the
name
of
Academy
is
almost
lost
in
Athens
,
and
it
is
called
at
this
day
The
School
of
Plato
.
It
is
scarce
possible
to
dig
six
foot
deep
into
the
ground
,
but
you
must
find
some
considerable
piece
of
Antiquity
.
Some
three
or
four
years
since
a
Gardiner
digged
up
a
Pallas
of
white
Marble
,
which
he
sold
to
Giraud
for
two
Crowns
.
Giraud's
Wife
was
,
as
I
told
you
,
an
Athenian
,
of
a
pleasant
merry
humour
,
as
appears
by
a
trick
she
put
upon
Father
Simon
.
She
laid
this
Statue
in
a
Bed
betwixt
a
pair
of
Sheets
,
and
sending
for
the
Father
,
told
him
one
of
her
Maids
was
sick
,
and
desired
to
be
confessed
.
The
Statue
was
dressed
very
decently
in
night
linnen
,
and
the
Father
turned
alone
into
her
Chamber
.
The
Father
was
grave
and
modest
,
and
kept
himself
at
a
distance
,
and
his
modesty
contributed
to
the
Cheat.
He
fell
immediately
to
his
pious
Exhortations
,
endeavouring
thereby
to
dispose
the
poor
Creature
to
Repentance
,
and
the
examination
of
her
Conscience
.
The
Mistress
of
the
House
called
out
to
him
,
from
behind
the
door
,
to
speak
out
,
for
the
Maid
was
deaf
,
and
had
been
so
a
long
time
.
The
good
man
elevated
his
voice
,
and
went
nearer
to
the
Bed
,
when
the
good
woman
entring
hastily
into
The
Room
,
Let
us
see
,
Sir
,
said
she
,
't
is
possible
she
may
be
dead
,
and
then
she
has
no
need
of
your
Confession
,
and
so
running
to
the
Bed
side
,
she
turned
up
the
Cloaths
and
shew'd
him
the
Pallas
,
which
put
the
whole
company
into
a
laughter
.
The
House
the
Famous
Misanthropos
,
is
to
be
seen
about
a
hundred
paces
from
the
ruines
of
the
Academy
:
The
place
is
now
full
of
Fig
Tree
,
and
if
you
would
entertain
your self
with
the
story
of
that
renowned
Enemy
to
mankind
,
read
what
Plutarch
says
in
the
Life
of
Mark
Anthony
.
Returning
towards
our
Lodging
,
we
came
on
the
left
hand
to
the
foot
of
Mount
St.
George
,
where
we
saw
the
ruines
which
at
this
day
they
call
the
School
of
Zeno
,
though
indeed
it
was
nothing
but
his
Tomb
:
You
may
remember
what
I
have
said
of
it
in
speaking
of
the
Porcile
or
Stoa
.
About
half
a
mile
from
the
Town
;
the
great
Road
is
cut
in
the
midst
by
two
other
,
and
make
a
Carrefour
,
where
there
stood
formerly
a
Statue
of
Mercury
,
sirnamed
the
Tetracephalos
.
The
Oratour
Ephialtes
(
who
if
you
will
believe
Pericles
,
was
a
great
lessening
and
diminution
to
the
authority
of
the
Areopage
)
had
his
Tomb
within
a
small
distance
.
On
Thursday
the
25.
of
April
,
we
marched
out
in
the
morning
to
visit
the
ruines
of
Stadion
Panathenaicon
,
and
the
Palace
of
Adrian
.
By
the
Gate
through
which
we
passed
to
Raphti
,
we
saw
the
Triclinion
,
an
excellent
piece
of
Antiquity
,
not
yet
taken
notice
of
by
any
Authour
:
It
is
a
large
Stone
,
digged
some
years
since
out
of
the
Earth
,
and
embellished
with
incomparable
Bas-relief
representing
a
Hall
and
a
Banquet
of
the
Ancients
,
from
which
Picture
it
is
called
Triclinion
.
A
Greek
has
placed
it
in
the
wall
of
his
House
as
an
Ornament
to
it
.
Without
the
Port
de
Raphti
we
left
the
Palace
of
Adrian
on
our
left
hand
,
and
on
one
side
the
place
which
they
call
Ta
Mnimuria
;
it
is
a
Cemetery
of
the
Turks
,
who
quite
through
the
Levant
,
are
buried
without
the
City
.
The
ancient
Athenians
practised
the
same
Custom
,
and
it
was
by
particular
favour
when
they
suffered
any
of
their
Tombs
to
be
within
the
compass
of
their
Walls
.
But
now
a
days
the
Christians
are
buried
in
their
Churches
.
As
we
passed
to
the
Bridge
over
the
River
Ilissus
,
we
observed
a
place
where
formerly
was
the
Tribunal
called
Ardettos
,
where
the
Judges
took
a
solemn
Oath
to
Jupiter
,
Apollo
,
and
Ceres
,
to
administer
Justice
according
to
the
Laws
of
the
Land
,
and
where
the
Laws
were
defective
to
proceed
according
to
their
Conscience
.
There
it
was
that
there
was
an
Altar
consecrated
to
the
Muses
called
Ilissiades
;
and
there
it
was
that
Codrus
King
of
Athens
was
slain
.
Near
the
Bridge
we
saw
another
place
,
the
ruines
of
a
Chappel
which
they
called
Agios
Phrancos
,
where
the
Image
of
St.
Francis
is
to
be
still
seen
painted
upon
the
Wall
.
When
the
Accioles
were
Masters
of
this
Country
,
they
erected
a
Chappel
in
honour
of
this
Saint
,
which
is
yet
in
so
great
veneration
,
that
the
Christians
do
at
this
day
give
that
name
to
their
Children
in
Baptism
.
The
Bridge
stands
upon
three
Arches
,
through
which
the
River
Illisus
passed
in
former
times
,
but
at
present
it
is
dry
,
having
been
diverted
and
divided
by
an
infinite
number
of
little
Rivulets
,
cut
on
purpose
to
supply
the
Water-works
in
the
Gardens
about
the
Town
;
and
it
was
a
wonder
to
us
to
consider
,
that
whereas
commonly
Fountains
were
contracted
,
and
their
Waters
brought
together
to
make
Rivers
;
here
the
Illisus
was
exhausted
and
annihilated
to
furnish
their
Fountains
.
The
Bridan
that
passed
of
old
through
Athens
,
had
a
worse
destiny
,
for
its
Chanel
is
lost
,
and
nothing
of
it
now
to
be
seen
.
On
the
other
side
of
the
Bridge
is
the
quarter
which
they
call
indifferently
Agra
and
Agrae
;
where
Boreas
one
of
the
Gods
of
the
Winds
stole
away
Orythia
a
Daughter
of
the
King
of
Athens
:
and
Diana
the
Goddess
was
first
delighted
with
the
recreation
of
Hunting
.
The
Soil
is
Sandy
,
and
great
plenty
there
is
of
Partridge
,
but
they
are
not
so
good
as
ours
.
Not
far
off
there
is
a
little
eminence
,
upon
which
are
to
be
seen
the
ruines
of
the
Goddess
Diana
,
sirnamed
Agrotera
or
the
Huntress
;
to
whom
the
Athenians
annually
made
a
Sacrifice
of
500
male
Goats
,
to
acquit
themselves
of
a
Vow
into
which
they
entered
before
the
Battel
of
Marathon
.
From
this
little
Hill
,
we
surveyed
the
ruines
of
the
Stadion
Panathenaicon
;
they
are
still
so
magnificent
,
that
we
were
amazed
to
behold
them
,
and
could
not
but
among
our selves
say
of
that
morsel
that
was
left
,
what
Pausanias
said
of
it
when
it
was
entire
,
That
it
was
not
to
be
looked
upon
without
admiration
.
This
Stadion
was
the
place
where
the
publick
Courses
were
kept
;
its
figure
was
oval
,
and
as
exact
,
as
if
Nature
had
intended
it
on
purpose
as
a
list
and
bound
of
their
Cariere
.
The
rows
of
Stairs
that
are
still
visible
,
are
of
white
Marble
:
and
the
Area
was
so
large
,
that
Adrian
the
Emperour
(
as
a
spectacle
to
the
people
)
caused
in
one
day
a
thousand
Wild
Beasts
to
be
baited
in
it
.
At
the
foot
of
this
Hill
of
the
Temple
of
Diana
,
stands
a
Temple
of
Ceres
,
built
of
white
Marble
,
as
neat
and
spruce
a
piece
of
work
as
is
in
the
world
.
It
is
now
made
use
of
by
the
Greeks
for
a
Church
,
and
in
it
there
is
the
Picture
of
our
Saviour
upon
the
Cross
,
as
well
done
as
ever
I
saw
.
Here
it
was
that
Hercules
was
first
initiated
to
the
smaller
Mysteries
of
Ceres
,
for
the
grand
Mysteries
were
celebrated
in
another
Temple
dedicated
to
the
said
Goddess
,
but
with
the
Title
of
Elusinion
.
From
thence
we
passed
to
the
Temple
of
Agne
;
I
would
not
judge
rashly
of
the
devotion
of
our
Company
,
but
I
am
afraid
it
was
not
so
much
that
that
carried
them
thither
,
as
curiosity
to
see
the
place
where
Hercules
had
been
.
From
thence
turning
to
the
right
,
we
went
to
see
the
stately
Pillars
,
and
magnificent
Portail
remaining
of
the
Palace
of
Adrian
;
the
common
people
call
it
Didascalion
.
The
Emperour
Adrian
having
turned
it
into
a
Gymnasion
,
had
spared
no
cost
either
in
the
choice
of
his
Marble
,
or
the
gilding
and
decoration
of
the
Seeling
and
Wainscot
;
and
when
finished
he
put
into
it
the
Library
of
Pisistrates
,
who
was
the
first
that
ever
made
so
accurate
a
collection
of
Books
:
and
to
speak
truth
never
poor
Books
made
so
many
peregrinations
.
Xerxes
carried
them
first
into
Persia
,
from
whence
,
a
long
time
after
,
Seleucus
Nicanor
returned
them
to
Athens
;
in
the
days
of
Sylla
they
transmigrated
to
Rome
,
but
could
not
rest
there
,
for
Adrian
sent
them
back
to
adorn
his
Gymnasion
.
Near
these
Pillars
we
saw
the
Ta
Mnimouria
or
Cemetery
of
the
Turks
,
and
on
one
side
,
the
rubbish
of
the
Temple
of
Juno
,
being
the
remains
of
a
large
one
built
by
Adrian
,
and
dedicated
in
common
to
Juno
and
Jupiter
,
it
was
called
Pan-Hellenien
,
and
is
at
present
a
Greek
Church
.
Hard
by
there
was
a
little
Plain
where
the
Turks
used
to
gallop
their
Horses
,
which
minds
me
of
a
story
of
Father
Lewis
,
who
as
I
told
you
before
,
had
been
a
Lieutenant
Colonel
,
and
as
good
a
Horseman
as
was
in
the
Army
.
This
good
Father
returning
one
day
from
Medelli
on
Horse-back
,
booted
and
spur'd
,
and
with
a
long
Greek
Vest
over
his
habit
(
which
is
permited
when
their
Mission
appoints
them
any
extraordinary
Voyage
)
passing
over
this
place
,
he
saw
a
mad-headed
furious
Jade
throw
five
or
six
Turks
one
after
another
,
and
all
of
them
reputed
very
good
Jockies
.
The
Sardar
,
Vaywood
,
and
several
Cheliby's
were
by
.
The
Father
could
not
but
smile
,
and
the
Vaywood
observing
it
,
asked
him
if
in
France
their
Horsemen
were
better
:
The
poor
Father
answered
with
another
smile
,
which
being
looked
upon
as
a
contempt
of
their
Skill
,
and
a
defiance
of
their
Nation
,
the
Cheliby's
were
nettled
,
and
cried
out
to
have
the
Caloger
get
up
:
The
whole
company
concur'd
,
and
nothing
could
serve
,
but
he
must
immediately
mount
,
not
doubting
but
the
Horse
would
serve
him
in
the
same
kind
,
and
that
in
a
short
time
they
should
see
his
divinity
upon
the
ground
.
The
Father
pretended
to
excuse
himself
,
but
the
Sardar
was
the
more
obstinate
:
I
cannot
say
but
in
despight
of
the
mortification
of
his
Order
,
the
good
man
might
have
some
little
vanity
upon
him
,
and
be
touched
too
much
for
the
reputation
of
his
Countrymen
.
Be
it
how
it
will
,
he
alighted
from
his
own
,
and
mounting
the
mad
Horse
,
he
Gallop'd
and
chang'd
,
rid
him
all
the
Airs
of
an
Academy
,
and
all
the
Exercises
of
the
Army
,
and
,
contrary
to
the
expectation
of
the
Turks
,
mastered
him
with
so
much
comliness
and
dexterity
,
that
the
Vaywood
telling
the
Cheliby's
he
had
been
a
Souldier
,
and
made
several
Campagnes
in
his
own
Country
,
they
called
him
ever
after
the
Colonel
Caloger
.
We
came
home
the
sooner
,
that
after
dinner
we
might
take
a
larger
walk
,
and
we
began
it
by
the
great
Street
called
Ceramicus
or
Basar
,
which
at
this
day
is
the
fairest
in
the
City
:
It
took
its
name
from
Heros
Ceramos
,
the
Son
of
Ariana
and
Bacchus
.
But
for
the
Vicus
Ceramicus
in
the
Suburbs
as
you
go
along
to
the
Academy
,
it
was
called
so
from
the
Pot-makers
that
lived
in
that
Faubourg
,
as
the
Greek
word
implies
.
Our
Janizary
carried
us
into
the
Pantheon
which
stands
on
one
side
of
this
Street
:
I
thought
it
much
more
magnificent
than
the
Rotund
at
Rome
,
which
was
also
a
Pantheon
,
and
built
by
Agrippa
:
That
at
Athens
was
built
above
Six-score
years
after
by
the
Emperour
Adrian
.
For
a
long
time
it
was
a
Greek
Church
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
by
the
name
of
Panagia
,
but
it
is
since
turned
into
a
Mosque
by
the
Turks
.
There
were
two
very
fine
Horses
of
the
work
of
Praxatiles
which
Adrian
caused
to
be
set
up
;
they
are
still
to
be
seen
,
but
they
begin
to
decay
,
and
must
erelong
yield
like
other
things
to
the
mischievousness
of
time
.
The
Porticoes
that
of
old
time
ran
along
from
thence
to
the
Gate
of
Dypilon
,
were
remarkable
for
nothing
more
than
for
being
the
Walk
and
Rendezvous
of
all
the
Prostitutes
of
the
Town
,
many
of
whose
names
are
with
the
names
of
their
Gallants
written
upon
their
Pillars
and
Walls
;
of
which
you
may
see
more
in
the
Dialogues
of
Lucian
.
The
Bazar
formerly
the
Market-place
of
the
Ceramique
,
is
still
in
that
Street
;
in
the
middle
of
which
there
is
a
little
Hall
,
with
a
Fountain
on
one
side
of
it
.
On
the
ground
where
the
Hall
is
built
,
there
stood
anciently
an
Altar
consecrated
to
Mercy
,
and
at
a
little
distance
another
called
Dodecatheon
,
being
dedicated
to
twelve
Gods
.
On
one
side
of
the
Dodecatheon
was
their
Cyclos
or
place
where
they
sold
their
Prisoners
of
War
.
The
richest
of
the
Inhabitants
,
and
particularly
their
Vecchiados
have
their
houses
near
this
Bazar
.
The
House
of
Dimitrios
Beninzellos
is
on
one
side
of
the
Pantheon
:
The
House
of
his
Brother
Janis
Beninzellos
is
over
against
it
.
I
had
the
curiosity
to
see
the
Lodgings
of
Stamantis
Calchondilos
,
in
memory
of
the
famous
Historian
Laonicus
Calchondilos
who
was
an
Athenian
,
and
of
the
same
Family
.
This
Stamatis
is
one
of
the
Vecchiados
,
and
rich
;
but
the
rest
of
his
Relations
are
very
poor
men
,
and
one
of
them
a
Taylor
in
the
Town
.
The
publick
Butchery
separates
the
Bazar
from
another
great
Market-place
,
which
the
Ancients
called
simply
Agora
;
but
touching
upon
the
two
Streets
of
Colonos
and
Colytos
,
the
two
ends
of
it
were
called
by
their
Names
.
There
is
an
excellent
Statue
to
be
seen
in
it
,
it
is
called
Agoraeus
,
much
like
the
Statue
of
the
same
Mercury
before
the
Poecile
:
At
present
this
Agora
is
called
the
Cadi's
Place
,
because
he
has
a
House
there
himself
,
and
his
Seraglio
looks
out
upon
it
.
Over
against
this
Place
stands
the
Catholicon
which
the
Christians
call
their
Ca●hedral
,
or
Archiepiscopal
Church
.
It
is
●ot
much
greater
than
the
Church
of
St.
Innocents
in
Paris
.
The
Caloger
Damaskinos
is
one
of
its
principal
Dignitaries
,
being
Grand
Vicar
to
the
Archbishop
.
Tradition
tells
us
that
this
Catholicon
was
a
Temple
dedicated
to
Vulcan
,
and
the
same
that
was
consecrated
promiscuously
to
Vulcan
and
Minerva
:
Minerva
had
a
Statue
in
it
with
blew
Eyes
,
of
the
same
colour
with
the
Waves
of
the
Sea
,
because
,
as
Plutarch
affirms
,
she
was
thought
to
be
Neptune's
Daughter
.
St.
Austin
tells
us
of
a
Child
exposed
in
this
Temple
,
and
of
a
Dragon
that
hugg'd
and
defended
it
:
Plato
says
that
the
Souldiers
listed
in
Athens
for
their
Wars
,
had
their
Quarter
in
this
place
.
In
a
direct
line
from
the
Catholicon
,
over
against
the
Cadi's
Place
,
stands
the
Phylaki
,
or
publick
Prison
.
The
Temple
of
Venus
Vrania
stands
behind
the
Phylaki
,
and
is
turned
into
a
Mosque
.
It
was
no
little
satisfaction
to
us
,
to
find
the
scituation
of
all
these
Buildings
exactly
to
the
description
we
met
withal
in
the
old
Athenian
Orators
;
for
you
must
not
imagine
tha●
only
their
Historians
make
mention
of
them
.
As
we
never
went
to
see
any
quarter
of
the
Town
till
we
had
considered
and
studied
it
very
well
in
our
Chamber
;
it
was
,
methought
,
very
pleasant
to
hear
us
as
soon
●●
we
came
near
any
place
,
to
tell
one
another
This
is
such
a
Temple
;
this
such
a
Building
;
and
this
such
a
Ruine
;
and
our
great
satisfaction
was
to
hit
generally
right
.
The
Colytos
is
a
quarter
below
the
Cadi's
place
,
and
stands
towards
the
South
;
Plato
,
and
that
great
Misanthropos
Timon
were
born
in
it
:
Eschines
the
Oratour
,
contemporary
with
Demosthenes
,
lived
in
it
:
You
may
see
in
Plutarch
the
ingenious
answer
of
Demosthenes
when
he
accused
Demades
the
Orator
for
having
been
taken
in
Adultery
in
the
Colytos
.
Tertullian
has
a
considerable
observation
of
this
place
;
he
tells
us
that
Children
do
sooner
learn
to
speak
there
,
than
any
where
else
;
and
Philostrates
affirms
that
they
are
generally
born
handsomer
and
more
beautiful
there
,
for
which
reason
they
are
called
the
delights
of
Greece
:
I
astonished
the
Inhabitants
when
I
told
them
these
things
;
but
as
to
the
beauty
of
their
Children
,
Experience
does
at
this
day
confirm
the
testimony
of
the
Ancients
.
And
thus
I
have
brought
you
through
a
quarter
,
of
which
Pausanias
has
not
mentioned
a
word
,
no
more
than
of
that
of
Melita
which
came
so
near
the
Colytos
that
there
was
nothing
but
a
Pillar
that
distinguished
them
.
It
was
the
Nymph
Melita
,
one
of
Hercules
his
Mistresses
that
gave
that
name
to
that
place
,
in
which
there
was
a
Temple
consecrated
to
Hercules
,
and
an
excellent
Statue
of
him
done
by
the
famous
Gelidas
,
who
was
Phidias
his
Master
.
Besides
that
,
there
were
likewise
three
other
Temples
,
one
dedicated
to
Diana
,
sirnamed
Aristobul●
,
and
built
by
Themistocles
;
another
to
Heros
Melanippos
the
Son
of
Theseus
;
and
the
third
to
Heros
Eurysaces
the
son
of
Ajax
,
from
which
Eurysaces
Alcibiades
was
descended
.
Finding
in
this
quarter
several
Greek
Churches
,
and
particularly
two
Covents
of
Calogers
,
or
Religious
of
the
Order
of
St.
Basilia
,
we
were
very
inquisitive
whether
none
of
them
were
built
upon
the
ruines
of
some
of
these
Temples
,
but
tradition
failed
us
,
and
we
could
not
have
that
satisfaction
which
we
found
in
other
places
,
where
examining
the
Cornishes
and
Chapters
,
and
Frizes
betwixt
the
Pillars
,
we
found
sometimes
Eagles
,
sometimes
Thunderbolts
,
as
the
symbols
of
Jupiter
;
sometimes
Serpents
and
Clubs
as
the
symbols
of
Hercules
;
Harps
of
Apollo
,
and
so
of
the
rest
;
but
here
we
could
find
nothing
o●
them
:
However
we
were
assured
that
there
was
the
Palace
of
Themistocles
;
that
Epicurus
and
Photion
had
their
Houses
there
;
and
History
tells
us
of
a
great
Building
there
where
those
persons
assembled
who
prepared
any
thing
for
the
Stage
.
The
other
ancient
quarter
called
Colonos
,
is
near
the
Melita
,
and
divided
only
by
a
large
Portico
called
Macra
Stoa
,
because
composed
of
five
others
joined
together
.
In
this
Colonos
it
was
that
anciently
the
old
Artificers
and
such
people
lived
as
wrought
for
the
publick
;
for
which
reason
it
was
likewise
called
Misthi●s
;
but
without
the
Town
there
was
another
Colonos
,
called
Hippios
,
which
the
Translators
of
Pausanias
call
Equestre
ju●um
;
it
is
below
Zenon's
School
,
and
Eastward
of
the
Academy
;
from
thence
we
directed
our
walk
towards
Mount
Pentelicus
:
and
by
the
way
We
passed
by
an
ancient
Gate
they
called
Pilae
Hippades
,
or
the
Horse
Gate
,
because
in
that
Colonos
Hippios
there
were
store
of
Horses
to
be
lett
:
On
the
right
hand
we
left
the
ruines
of
a
magnificent
Aquaeduct
,
begun
of
old
by
Adrian
,
and
●inished
by
his
successor
Antoninus
Pius
:
This
Aquaeduct
served
for
conveyance
of
water
from
the
Didascalion
to
Adrian's
Palace
.
In
the
way
from
hence
to
Raphti
,
not
far
from
this
Aquaeduct
,
on
the
right
hand
we
saw
the
place
where
stood
the
ancient
Gate
of
Acharnae
;
and
more
to
the
South
the
Gate
of
Melita
,
which
they
called
Pylae
Melitides
;
beyond
which
Gate
lay
the
Faubourg
of
Coela
,
where
were
the
Tombs
of
Cimon
and
Thucydides
.
The
Colonos
Hippios
seemed
a
very
pleasant
place
to
us
;
Pausanias
only
names
it
,
without
any
mention
of
four
remarkable
Temples
to
be
seen
there
:
one
of
Venus
,
another
of
Neptune
,
a
third
of
Prometheus
,
and
fourth
of
the
Eumenides
or
infernal
Furies
.
In
this
last
it
was
that
Oedipus
took
Sanctuary
,
when
full
of
remorse
for
his
Parricide
and
incestuous
Marriage
,
he
betook
himself
thither
implore
the
mercy
of
the
Athenians
,
who
received
him
with
their
natural
hospitality
.
At
the
foot
of
the
Mount
Pentelicus
we
found
an
old
reservatory
of
waters
that
were
conveyed
by
the
Aquaeduct
to
the
Palace
of
Adrian
:
We
found
a
Spring
there
whose
waters
were
very
pleasant
,
and
of
●
more
than
ordinary
freshness
,
they
called
it
Brisis
or
Vrisis
,
for
they
pronounce
●
both
ways
:
the
Mount
Pentelicus
they
cal●
To
Vouni
tou
Agion
Georgiou
;
but
they
pronounce
Ahyou
for
Agyou
,
and
Hyoriou
fo●
Georgiou
.
We
ascended
the
Mountain
but
slowly
,
because
our
Physician
entertained
us
as
we
went
along
with
a
discourse
upon
the
several
Simples
and
Plants
which
grew
there
in
great
excellence
:
We
saw
also
the
Quarries
,
out
of
which
was
taken
a
great
part
of
the
Marble
imployed
in
adorning
the
City
of
old
.
Upon
any
great
Rain
the
fall
of
Water
from
this
Mountain
was
very
great
;
and
searching
for
the
Chanel
of
the
Torrent
called
Cycloborus
,
we
found
three
or
four
that
were
dry
,
and
probably
all
of
them
that
which
we
looked
for
,
because
if
we
will
believe
the
Poet
Aristophanes
,
that
Torrent
did
frequently
change
its
Chanel
,
and
run
down
with
a
more
than
ordinary
noise
.
Upon
the
top
of
the
Mountain
there
was
a
Chapel
called
Agios
Georgios
governed
by
a
Caloger
;
the
Chapel
stands
in
the
place
where
Pausanias
tells
us
there
was
anciently
a
Statue
of
Pallas
.
The
common
people
at
this
day
do
by
mistake
attribute
that
to
this
Statue
,
which
Antiquity
with
more
justice
ascribes
to
the
Statue
of
Pallas
in
the
Castle
,
viz.
that
on
the
top
of
her
Lance
she
carried
a
Banner
that
might
be
discerned
as
far
as
the
Cape
de
Colonnes
.
This
Chapel
is
a
place
of
devotion
for
the
Athenians
,
to
which
they
often
repair
in
Pilgrimage
.
From
this
Mountain
we
discovered
with
ease
the
whole
circumference
both
of
the
Old
and
New
Athens
:
And
casting
our
eyes
upon
two
or
three
Monasteries
of
the
order
of
St.
Bazil
,
not
far
from
the
Mount
Hymetta
,
and
upon
certain
Villages
upon
the
roads
to
Thebes
and
Megara
,
one
of
our
Company
pointing
us
to
a
Mountain
about
a
League
off
,
acquainted
us
that
that
was
the
Mountain
which
the
Ancients
called
Icaria
,
at
the
foot
of
which
there
was
a
Town
call'd
by
that
name
where
the
first
Comedy
was
invented
.
This
put
it
into
our
heads
to
Visit
the
next
morning
the
Theatre
of
Bacchus
,
and
thereupon
coming
down
from
Mount
Pentelicus
,
we
entertain'd
our selves
with
the
consideration
of
the
Village
of
Icaria
,
It
is
most
certain
the
inhabitants
of
this
Town
were
the
first
inventors
of
Comedy
:
Icarius
,
Lord
of
the
Mannor
,
and
famous
for
being
the
first
Planter
of
Vines
in
those
parts
,
having
one
day
caused
his
people
to
fley
a
Goat
that
he
took
spoiling
his
Grapes
,
he
caused
the
Skin
to
be
blown
up
,
and
giving
it
to
the
Peasants
,
they
in
merriment
leaped
and
skipped
upon
it
having
dressed
themselves
with
Vine
leaves
,
and
besmear'd
their
faces
with
the
Lees
of
Wine
:
Which
sort
of
Dancing
grew
to
a
custom
in
Vintage
time
,
and
was
used
in
all
the
neighbouring
Villages
:
and
the
fumes
of
the
new
Wines
having
at
such
times
an
ill-effect
upon
their
brains
,
because
it
often
happened
that
they
were
ill
treated
by
the
rich
Citizens
of
Athens
,
who
had
lands
in
the
said
Towns
;
the
Peasants
took
the
opportunity
of
these
Feasts
to
affront
and
retaliate
upon
their
adversaries
.
When
night
came
,
attended
by
throngs
of
people
that
this
divertisement
had
drawn
together
;
they
marcht
along
together
in
a
tumult
to
inveigh
and
clamor
against
those
who
had
done
them
any
injury
,
advancing
to
their
very
doors
,
and
upbraiding
them
publickly
:
Those
who
had
authority
in
those
Villages
failed
not
the
next
Morning
to
inquire
into
the
Riot
,
and
to
commence
an
Action
against
all
those
who
were
so
enormous
the
night
before
;
and
comonly
the
tumult
ceased
either
for
fear
of
punishment
,
or
shame
.
This
expedient
succeeding
so
well
in
the
Country
,
and
appearing
a
good
remedy
against
those
disorders
,
the
same
custom
was
taken
up
in
Athens
:
The
Rendezvous
or
Confluence
of
common
people
was
generally
in
a
Medow
called
Lenaeon
in
the
quarter
called
Lymnae
;
and
because
it
was
near
the
Ancient
Temple
of
Bacchus
,
by
degrees
these
kind
of
Pranks
grew
into
the
ceremonies
of
Religion
,
became
part
of
their
divine
worship
,
and
by
little
and
little
to
be
a
particular
part
in
the
Festivals
of
that
God
.
As
occasion
served
they
continued
their
invectives
(
under
that
pretence
)
against
such
as
had
offered
them
Violence
.
At
length
the
Poets
took
up
the
same
Method
to
upbraid
particular
vices
,
or
to
turn
their
follies
into
ridicule
:
Then
it
was
that
the
Athenians
withdrew
their
representations
from
their
Market
place
;
and
Exhibited
them
in
a
large
Room
which
they
called
a
Theatre
,
and
dedicated
it
to
Bacchus
,
to
instruct
Posterity
,
that
it
was
the
Vintage
time
that
gave
the
first
occasion
to
Comedies
.
At
first
their
whole
action
was
performed
by
the
Chorus
,
which
was
the
whole
body
of
their
Musick
both
instrumental
and
vocal
.
Thespis
the
Poet
was
the
first
man
who
,
dissatisfied
with
the
singing
of
the
Chorus
,
brought
in
one
Actor
,
with
the
natural
way
of
recitation
:
And
Eschiles
as
much
offended
to
see
one
person
ingross
the
whole
Play
,
brought
up
the
way
of
conversation
,
and
exhibited
two
Actors
upon
the
Stage
.
The
Poet
Cratinus
introduced
three
;
and
afterwards
their
number
was
advanced
to
five
,
which
was
the
reason
they
divided
their
whole
Play
into
five
Acts.
Then
was
the
whole
action
performed
betwixt
the
Comedians
,
the
Mimicks
,
the
Chorus
,
and
the
symphony
or
Musick
:
and
the
whole
show
seen
upon
two
Elevations
or
Platforms
,
which
served
as
Posts
or
particular
places
for
the
several
persons
:
The
Comedians
Quarter
was
called
Proscenion
,
and
was
peculiar
to
them
:
The
other
was
in
common
,
and
called
sometimes
the
Orchestra
,
and
sometimes
the
Logaeon
.
There
were
five
intervals
betwixt
the
five
Acts
,
in
which
the
Spectators
were
entertained
either
by
the
Chorus
,
or
the
Mimicks
.
The
word
Mime
was
used
promiscuously
for
the
name
of
the
Poem
,
or
for
the
Actor
who
danced
as
he
recited
,
and
made
his
postures
and
gesticulations
as
he
was
prompted
by
the
subject
.
Sometimes
the
Mime
was
called
Pantomime
,
which
is
but
a
term
of
exaggeration
that
puts
greater
force
upon
the
thing
,
for
Mines
is
an
Imitator
,
and
Pantomimos
is
an
imitator
of
every
thing
.
Sometimes
their
representations
were
Heroick
,
to
excite
to
generosity
,
but
for
the
most
part
they
were
upon
amorous
Intrigues
;
and
criminal
prostitutions
:
At
such
times
their
Dances
were
lascivious
,
their
Gestures
indecent
,
and
their
Songs
immodest
,
according
to
the
obscenity
of
the
subject
,
in
so
much
that
the
Orchestra
began
to
be
infamous
.
But
above
above
all
,
none
was
so
impudent
as
the
Dance
they
called
Lamprotera
,
in
which
they
not
only
danced
stark
naked
,
but
added
the
filthiness
of
words
to
the
effrontery
of
their
postures
:
So
that
though
the
Proscenion
was
not
guilty
of
these
impurities
,
yet
it
became
disgustful
to
the
adversaries
of
Comedy
,
who
were
not
willing
to
distinguish
it
from
the
Orchestra
;
whereby
the
Comedian
has
suffered
much
among
those
who
will
not
allow
any
difference
betwixt
him
and
the
Mimick
;
but
the
Proscenion
may
easily
be
justified
;
for
we
need
no
more
but
cast
our
eyes
upon
the
Tragedies
transmitted
by
the
Ancients
,
and
we
shall
see
that
in
the
action
of
those
heroick
parts
it
is
impossible
the
Comoedian
should
introduce
that
baseness
of
Gesture
,
or
be
guilty
of
a
dissolute
Dance
,
in
so
magnificent
a
matter
.
And
if
in
time
that
Corruption
has
crept
into
Comedy
,
if
sordid
expressions
have
mingled
with
good
instruction
,
and
scandal
gone
along
with
their
documents
,
it
does
but
infer
that
few
things
are
so
pure
,
but
they
are
subject
to
be
altered
,
and
those
that
are
altered
may
by
good
customs
be
rectified
again
.
And
indeed
we
are
not
to
admire
if
St.
Cyprian
and
other
Fathers
of
the
Church
declaim
against
Stage-plays
,
and
on
the
other
side
Thomas
Aquinas
,
Antoninus
,
Cardinal
Cajetan
and
Raynerius
do
magnifie
the
use
of
them
,
seeing
both
sides
have
spoke
according
to
the
different
ways
of
writing
in
their
several
times
.
These
are
the
reflections
with
which
the
fight
of
Icaria
inspired
us
;
and
indeed
Comedy
being
a
thing
which
originally
we
received
from
Athens
,
it
was
but
reasonable
we
should
consider
whether
it
was
proportionable
to
the
other
great
faculties
that
we
derived
from
thence
;
and
whether
we
were
not
justly
to
admire
that
wisdom
and
contrivance
which
invented
so
pleasant
a
way
of
relaxing
our
cares
,
diverting
the
activity
of
our
Spirits
,
and
sweetning
our
ferocity
and
moroseness
by
the
concourse
and
society
of
Spectacles
.
On
Friday
the
26.
of
April
,
in
the
morning
we
took
a
large
Breakfast
by
way
of
precaution
against
the
long
walk
which
we
proposed
to
our selves
.
Besides
that
,
our
Janizary
had
sent
two
men
before
to
attend
us
at
the
Fountain
of
Enneacrunos
with
more
belly-timber
,
and
two
or
three
lusty
Flasks
of
Lepanthe
Wine
,
esteemed
the
best
in
those
parts
.
These
Flasks
among
the
Athenians
are
a
kind
of
Glass-bottles
that
hold
each
of
them
three
or
four
pints
.
The
Venetian
calls
them
Bosse's
;
but
our
common
Bottles
the
Athenians
call
Laghenis
.
Our
Janizary
carried
us
first
into
the
Chief
Monastery
of
the
Calogers
,
but
without
his
Interest
we
had
never
been
admitted
into
their
Church
:
Their
Church
is
one
of
the
best
buildings
in
Athens
,
and
the
Calogers
have
a
particular
care
of
it
.
There
are
many
Shoomakers
in
the
street
where
this
Monastery
stands
,
in
the
midst
of
which
there
is
an
excellent
Fountain
.
Behind
this
Shoomakers-row
stands
the
house
of
Baptista
Janis
Traperi
,
a
Native
of
Chio
,
and
Interpreter
to
the
French
Consul
.
This
Interpreter
is
one
of
the
subtillest
and
most
dangerous
Wits
in
the
whole
Levant
:
He
is
Turk
among
the
Turks
,
Greek
among
the
Greeks
,
Franc
among
the
Francs
,
and
hypocritical
with
all
the
world
:
In
matters
of
Commerce
,
he
is
particularly
intelligent
;
never
tells
the
mystery
and
bottom
of
his
affairs
to
any
body
,
to
make
himsel●
necessary
the
longer
;
and
indeed
that
necessity
has
preserved
him
a
hundred
time●
both
from
the
Kangiar
and
poison
.
He
ha●
two
Brothers
in
Athens
not
altogether
so
rich
,
but
of
better
reputation
.
The
Consul
is
as
happy
in
his
Janizary
as
in
hi●
Dragoman
,
for
he
has
got
a
true
Soker
tha●
will
drink
more
Wine
than
four
of
our
Mariners
of
Provence
,
and
his
Wine
is
nothing
so
good
.
This
honest
Mahumetan
is
called
Ibrahim
Bassa
,
but
you
must
not
think
that
with
such
a
fellow
the
word
Bassa
passes
for
a
Title
of
Honour
.
The
house
of
the
old
Archbishop
is
over
against
this
Monastery
,
over
which
he
has
the
superinspection
,
for
besides
him
they
have
no
Superiour
:
Their
habit
is
black
,
and
their
subsistence
partly
from
their
Foundation
,
and
partly
from
what
they
earn
with
their
needle
;
but
should
that
fail
them
,
the
charity
of
their
neighbours
would
not
,
for
in
that
Town
no
body
begs
;
if
any
be
indigent
,
some
body
or
other
takes
him
home
to
his
house
,
and
there
is
never
an
Hospital
in
Athens
.
Some
of
our
Travellers
are
to
blame
,
and
their
character
not
to
be
believed
when
they
report
that
the
Calogers
of
Athens
are
exorbitant
and
irregular
;
certainly
they
have
taken
that
scandal
from
the
Turks
,
or
some
other
Libertines
of
that
Country
,
and
we
our selves
are
not
free
from
such
sort
of
calumniators
with
us
.
About
two
hundred
paces
from
this
Monastery
they
shewed
us
a
little
house
,
where
not
long
before
an
accident
happened
that
evinces
the
Piety
of
the
Athenians
,
and
proves
that
the
Zeal
of
Christianity
is
not
more
fervent
among
the
Ecclesiasticks
than
●mong
the
Laity
of
that
Town
.
There
lived
in
that
house
a
good
Man
and
his
Wife
,
who
had
only
one
Son
of
about
ten
or
twelve
years
of
Age
,
but
excellently
handsom
,
and
very
well
educated
.
The
Turkish
Commissioners
that
raised
their
tribute
of
Children
,
put
this
Boy
down
for
one
into
their
List
:
the
Father
and
Mother
were
poor
people
,
and
had
not
wherewithall
to
ransom
their
Son
(
for
in
Athens
that
is
one
of
their
priviledges
,
and
any
man
who
is
able
,
has
liberty
to
redeem
his
Children
)
terrified
with
this
misfortune
,
they
conveyed
away
their
Child
,
but
the
Turks
seized
the
Father
in
the
Sons
stead
,
and
to
force
him
to
discover
,
they
clapt
him
in
irons
:
The
poor
Woman
followed
after
her
Husband
,
crying
and
lamenting
as
if
she
were
mad
;
the
Turks
turned
back
and
beat
her
,
her
Husband
comforted
her
what
he
could
,
beg'd
of
her
to
be
contented
,
and
to
return
to
her
Family
.
The
Son
understanding
how
his
Parents
were
used
,
came
home
to
his
Mother
,
and
with
tears
in
his
eyes
,
Do
you
suspect
my
courage
dear
Mother
?
said
he
,
I
will
after
my
Father
,
and
save
his
life
though
with
the
loss
of
my
own
:
The
Mother
overwhelmed
with
grief
,
and
divided
cruelly
betwixt
her
Husband
and
her
Son
,
knew
not
what
to
advise
,
but
at
length
leaving
him
to
himself
,
he
came
to
the
Commissioners
of
the
Tribute
,
and
told
them
,
If
the
service
of
the
Sultan
be
the
only
thing
in
question
,
I
will
readily
lay
down
my
life
at
his
feet
;
but
my
Religion
I
cannot
change
,
nor
is
it
necessary
,
for
perhaps
I
may
serve
him
as
a
Christian
,
as
well
as
any
of
your
Agemoglans
.
The
Commissioners
cox'd
him
,
and
caress'd
him
;
He
desired
his
Father
might
be
discharged
,
and
having
kiss'd
and
embrac'd
him
,
presented
himself
to
the
Irons
,
speaking
still
with
great
reverence
to
our
Religion
,
and
reflection
upon
the
Turkish
:
persisting
so
eagerly
in
that
discourse
,
the
Turks
began
to
be
angry
,
but
still
endeavoured
to
reclaim
him
;
however
he
continued
firm
to
his
Principles
,
declared
,
and
repeated
it
over
and
over
,
that
he
would
dye
a
Christian
;
and
remained
so
positive
,
that
the
Turks
fell
into
a
rage
,
and
upbraided
him
with
blasphemy
,
and
having
accused
him
of
it
,
and
made
some
formal
process
before
the
Cadi
to
countenance
their
cruelty
,
they
cut
●he
poor
Child
to
pieces
with
their
Swords
●n
the
middle
of
the
Bazar
.
This
occasion
presenting
it self
,
I
shall
give
●ou
the
Relation
of
the
Zeal
and
Piety
of
●
Young
Athenian
Damoisel
;
that
at
the
●ame
time
you
may
have
a
double
Example
,
●nd
be
satisfied
of
the
Virtue
as
well
of
one
●er
as
the
other
.
This
Virgin
was
one
of
the
handsomest
in
all
Athens
,
and
yet
her
prudence
and
sagacity
was
greater
than
her
beauty
:
From
her
minority
she
had
alwayes
expressed
a
great
deal
of
Devotion
,
and
yet
she
durst
not
follow
its
motions
,
which
prompted
her
exceedingly
to
the
Church
.
For
apprehending
the
insolence
of
some
Turk
as
she
passed
thorow
the
streets
,
she
went
thither
seldomer
than
otherwise
she
would
have
done
;
and
the
truth
is
,
when
ever
they
appear
,
the
Turks
will
take
the
first
opportunity
to
accost
them
.
In
spite
of
her
caution
,
a
spruce
young
Turk
got
a
sight
one
day
of
this
Virgin
,
and
fell
in
love
with
her
;
having
made
his
address
to
no
purpose
,
as
he
lost
his
labour
,
he
lost
his
patience
with
it
,
and
conspired
with
certain
of
his
Accomplices
like
himself
,
to
gain
her
by
force
.
They
have
a
certain
Feast
(
like
our
Easter
)
which
they
call
Bairam
Coutzong
,
at
which
time
,
having
more
freedom
of
debaucherie
than
ordinary
,
they
resolved
to
put
their
designs
in
practice
,
and
accordingly
entred
by
force
into
the
young
Athenians
house
,
who
was
at
home
along
with
no
body
but
her
Mother
who
was
a
Widow
:
In
apprehension
of
their
violence
,
they
both
of
them
cry'd
out
as
soon
as
they
saw
them
,
but
no
body
came
into
their
rescue
;
for
,
besides
that
,
during
the
liberty
of
the
Bairam
,
the
Christians
do
generally
keep
themselves
close
,
their
house
was
in
a
by-place
,
and
somewhat
out
of
the
way
:
The
resistance
,
and
refractoriness
of
this
young
Damoisel
inraged
them
to
such
a
degree
,
that
finding
their
importunity
unsuccessful
they
fell
to
blows
,
and
gave
her
seven
or
eight
stabs
with
a
poinard
:
that
which
was
most
admirable
in
the
passage
,
was
,
that
still
as
they
stab'd
,
she
presented
her
face
,
as
if
she
had
been
desirous
to
be
wounded
there
,
to
ruine
that
part
which
had
caused
such
extravagant
passion
in
those
Brutes
:
They
left
her
for
dead
,
and
't
is
reported
that
the
only
thing
that
recovered
her
,
was
the
joy
she
conceived
to
find
her self
disfigured
beyond
any
such
influence
for
the
future
:
But
the
Assassines
were
glad
to
fly
,
and
never
appeared
since
;
for
complaint
was
made
to
the
Keslar-Agasi
,
who
would
without
all
doubt
have
punished
them
severely
.
Since
this
accident
,
in
●ll
the
Families
of
Athens
,
(
both
Turk
and
Christian
)
no
discourse
is
held
among
the
●oung
Maidens
,
but
up
comes
this
story
;
●nd
the
good
women
have
no
better
lesson
●o
each
their
Daughters
,
than
to
imitate
●his
Damoisel
;
nor
better
memorial
for
●hem
,
than
to
show
them
the
scars
of
her
face
.
When
we
were
in
Athens
,
the
poor
Girle
was
living
in
the
Isle
of
Engia
,
If
the
Christian
Religion
was
not
sufficient
to
move
these
Athenian
Damoisels
to
Chastity
,
the
fear
of
punishment
would
do
it
effectually
.
Those
who
are
defective
that
way
,
are
condemned
to
be
sold
for
slaves
,
and
upon
conviction
't
is
not
easie
to
escape
.
'T
is
the
Cadi's
interest
to
see
that
Law
strictly
executed
,
for
the
profit
is
his
,
and
upon
the
least
accusation
he
causes
them
to
be
inspected
by
the
Midwives
:
Not
but
there
are
wayes
of
evading
it
,
and
a
thousand
artifices
are
found
out
to
prevent
their
slavery
;
sometimes
the
Confessor
intercedes
,
and
suggesting
the
danger
of
their
turning
Mahumetans
,
abates
the
rigour
of
their
Laws
,
and
conceals
the
dishonour
of
their
Families
.
In
a
word
,
in
all
Greece
manifest
immodesty
is
no
where
so
severely
punished
as
in
Athens
.
The
Virgins
in
Athens
are
generally
handsom
,
witty
,
and
vindicative
;
you
may
judge
what
they
were
formerly
,
by
the
single
example
of
Thais
,
who
followed
Alexander
the
Great
in
his
Expedition
into
Persia
:
Being
with
that
Monarch
one
day
when
he
was
in
a
good
humour
,
she
proposed
to
him
to
burn
the
Palace-Royal
at
Persepolis
,
and
was
so
plain
as
to
profess
a
desire
of
putting
fire
to
it
her self
,
that
the
world
might
say
,
that
the
very
Damoisels
which
attended
in
his
Conquests
in
Persia
,
had
revenged
the
burning
at
Athens
,
when
of
old
it
was
set
on
fire
by
Xerxes
;
and
her
beauty
and
eloquence
so
far
recommended
her
ambition
,
that
she
was
gratified
in
her
motion
,
and
the
Palace
set
on
fire
that
very
night
.
Our
curiosity
carried
us
from
thence
out
of
the
Castle
to
the
Southward
betwixt
the
Phalerum
and
the
Porto-Lione
,
where
was
anciently
the
old
City
of
Athens
,
called
by
way
of
excellence
Asti
,
or
the
City
,
the
foundation
of
which
,
according
to
the
testimony
of
Pliny
,
began
there
.
The
two
Brothers
,
Euryalus
and
Hyperbius
were
the
first
who
built
houses
there
,
before
which
time
they
were
lodged
in
Grottos
,
still
to
be
seen
at
the
foot
of
the
Castle
.
The
quarters
of
Lymnae
,
Coepi
,
Diomea
,
Cynosarges
,
and
Alopece
are
still
on
that
side
,
and
were
all
we
saw
that
Walk
.
We
returned
by
the
Temple
of
Jupiter
,
and
keeping
still
by
the
foot
of
the
Castle
,
we
passed
behind
the
house
where
,
the
Jesuites
had
formerly
their
retreat
,
and
on
our
right
hand
we
saw
the
remains
of
a
building
,
at
present
called
,
To
Palati
tou
Themistocles
,
or
Themistocles
his
Palace
.
Among
the
Ancients
there
was
nothing
could
give
Authority
to
the
Modern
Appellation
,
for
by
them
it
was
called
the
Palace
of
the
five
hundred
,
which
was
the
number
of
Select
Men
chosen
every
year
by
the
Ten
Tribes
of
Attica
,
each
Tribe
naming
fifty
,
who
alternatively
,
and
according
to
the
rank
of
their
several
Tribes
had
the
supreme
management
of
affairs
for
five
and
thirty
dayes
together
,
and
their
Court
being
held
in
the
place
called
Prytane
,
gave
the
name
of
Prytanes
to
the
said
fifty
Senators
.
Cajetan
,
Drogoman
to
the
Consul
Giraud
,
had
his
Lodgings
in
this
Palace
of
Themistocles
.
A
little
beyond
it
we
saw
the
Temple
of
Neptune
,
a
very
admirable
Structure
.
Of
the
three
Temples
Dedicated
anciently
to
that
God
,
we
could
meet
nothing
that
could
assure
us
whether
this
was
the
Elates
,
the
Cynades
or
Asphalius
.
It
is
at
present
a
Greek
Church
,
govern'd
by
the
Caloger
Damaskinos
,
whose
house
being
hard
by
,
and
upon
the
brow
of
a
Rock
,
is
the
highest
in
the
whole
City
.
'T
is
reported
,
that
many
rare
Manuscripts
are
kept
in
that
house
.
Near
the
Temple
of
Neptune
there
is
a
Fountain
of
the
same
name
,
whose
waters
are
turned
for
the
benefit
of
the
Castle
:
From
thence
we
came
into
the
Vicus
Ceramicus
,
where
we
saw
on
our
right
hand
the
place
where
formerly
stood
the
Leocorion
,
or
Monument
of
Leos
,
who
having
sacrificed
his
Daughters
for
the
safety
of
the
publick
,
deserved
well
to
have
a
Tomb
in
the
City
.
Facing
about
to
the
left
,
we
saw
the
ruines
of
a
magnificent
Building
,
called
the
Kings
Portico
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
Portico
of
the
King
of
the
Sacrifices
,
or
the
second
of
the
Archontes
.
The
Portico
of
Jupiter
Elutherion
was
behind
it
,
and
Eudancon
,
or
the
Tomb
of
Heros
Eudanos
was
hard
by
,
which
Eudanos
was
sirnamed
Angelos
the
Son
of
Neptune
.
Thence
towards
the
Castle
,
we
observed
the
Metroon
or
Chapel
of
the
Mother
of
the
Gods
,
in
which
place
died
Lycurgus
the
Son
of
Lycophron
,
as
famous
in
Athens
,
as
the
Legislator
Lycurgus
was
in
Sparta
.
The
Barathron
or
Orygma
,
that
famous
dungeon
into
which
their
criminals
were
tumbled
,
was
behind
that
Metroon
at
the
foot
of
a
steep
Rock
in
the
Castle
;
and
near
the
Barathron
,
was
the
Tribunal
called
Parabysthus
,
in
which
only
small
Causes
were
tryed
;
and
that
Court
consisted
of
eleven
Judges
:
The
nearness
of
this
Court
to
the
Barathron
(
which
was
an
ignominious
place
)
was
the
occasion
that
some
Authors
have
said
,
that
the
Parabysthus
stood
in
a
vile
and
abominable
place
.
At
small
distance
from
the
Kings
Portico
,
we
saw
the
Bucoleon
or
Court
where
the
King
of
the
Sacrifices
had
his
Tribunal
:
Not
far
from
that
we
saw
the
ruines
of
a
small
Chapel
,
called
Agios
Dionysios
,
where
Mass
is
said
constantly
upon
Saint
Denis
his
day
.
To
restore
that
Chapel
one
would
have
need
not
only
of
Money
,
but
good
interest
at
the
Port
,
where
they
suffer
Christians
to
repair
their
Churches
,
they
will
not
suffer
them
to
rebuild
them
when
they
are
down
:
This
Chapel
joyns
to
the
Archbishops
Palace
,
which
they
pretend
was
the
Palace
of
Saint
Denis
.
The
place
is
very
pleasant
,
and
is
the
lodgings
of
the
Archbishop
and
five
Calogers
that
make
up
his
whole
Family
.
They
shew
us
a
Well
there
,
which
among
the
Christians
is
in
great
Veneration
,
because
as
their
tradition
tells
them
,
Saint
Paul
was
a
prisoner
in
it
,
and
rescued
by
the
Authority
of
Saint
Denis
.
Not
far
from
the
ruines
of
the
Prytaneum
we
saw
the
Court
where
the
fifty
Senators
Assembled
who
had
the
Administration
of
the
Publick
Affairs
:
The
perpetual
Fire
was
kept
there
.
The
Laws
of
Solon
were
there
in
deposito
,
and
such
illustrious
men
as
had
done
any
signal
service
for
their
Country
were
maintained
there
,
and
their
Posterity
at
the
Publick
Charge
.
On
the
right
hand
towards
the
Temple
of
Theseus
,
there
was
a
Grove
dedicated
to
the
Heroina
Aglaura
daughter
to
King
Cecrops
,
and
behind
the
Grove
was
a
field
Consecrated
to
Famine
;
the
field
was
called
Limoupedion
.
Formerly
the
Gate
called
Hiera
stood
at
the
end
of
this
field
:
Hiera
is
as
much
as
sacred
,
and
it
was
called
so
,
because
it
was
the
way
to
Eleusis
,
by
which
they
passed
in
their
famous
Procession
belonging
to
the
mysteries
of
Ceres
.
●n
this
place
they
had
erected
a
fair
Statue
of
Anthemocritus
,
for
whom
they
had
also
set
up
a
Tomb
by
the
Gate
Dipylon
.
Without
the
Port
Hiera
was
anciently
a
large
●eubourg
,
whose
ruines
are
still
visible
.
It
was
called
Hiera
Siki
,
or
the
Holy
Fig●●●e
;
and
the
way
to
Eleusis
was
called
Hi●ra
Odos
.
The
Port
Dipylon
lies
Eastward
of
the
Hiera
,
and
betwixt
them
is
another
called
the
Ceramick
Postern
;
not
far
from
whence
is
a
place
called
Oenos
,
where
they
sold
their
Wine
,
which
gave
it
its
denomination
;
for
in
Athens
most
of
their
chief
streets
are
called
from
the
principal
Commodities
that
●re
sold
there
.
That
space
of
the
old
Town
that
lies
betwixt
Dipylon
and
the
Ceramick
Postern
,
was
called
Oeon
or
the
Desert
,
because
,
though
it
butted
upon
the
Ceramicus
,
yet
no
part
of
the
great
affluence
of
people
that
passed
there
could
be
seen
.
The
Famous
Temple
of
Anaceon
was
not
far
off
,
which
was
Consecrated
to
Castor
and
Pollux
by
the
name
of
Diosc●res
.
Formerly
Slaves
were
sold
in
it
,
and
when
Pisistrates
disarmed
the
Athenians
,
he
cause'd
them
to
assemble
in
that
place
.
Westward
of
the
Porte
Hiera
was
the
Pyraeum
,
and
the
part
of
the
Town
betwix●
them
,
was
called
Heptachalcon
,
through●
which
Sylla
came
when
he
surprized
Athens
.
We
contented
our selves
to
view
all
thi●
from
a
little
Hill
near
the
Arch-Bishop'●
Palace
,
without
troubling
our selves
to
go
to
them
:
that
day
we
thought
of
nothing
but
running
from
one
place
to
another
,
a●
if
we
had
intended
that
way
to
have
tyre●
our
curiosity
;
besides
,
people
are
quickly
satisfied
where
nothing
but
ruines
are
to
be
seen
.
Advancing
from
thence
towards
the
ancient
Gate
called
Pyraeum
,
we
saw
severa●
Portico's
;
that
of
Attalus
where
the
R●mans
erected
a
particular
Court
,
and
calle●
it
by
their
own
name
:
The
Portico
of
Trecon
called
by
Aristophanes
Alphiton
St●●●
because
they
sold
Meal
in
it
:
In
it
there
was
an
excellent
Picture
of
Helen
drawn
by
●euxis
.
The
Chapel
of
Heros
Chalodos
(
of
which
Plutarch
speaks
in
the
life
of
Theseus
)
was
not
far
off
,
and
by
it
a
house
where
we
saw
several
Statues
of
Potters
Earth
,
and
among
the
rest
the
Statue
of
Amphictyon
King
Athens
.
We
saw
likewise
where
stood
the
house
of
Polytion
,
remarkable
for
the
libertinisme
of
Alcibiedes
when
he
prophaned
the
Mysteries
of
Ceres
with
the
young
Debauchees
of
the
Town
:
In
process
of
time
this
house
was
turned
into
a
Temple
and
dedicated
to
Bacchus
.
Not
far
off
was
a
Gymnasium
of
Mercuries
with
a
Porticoe
and
Market-place
of
the
same
name
;
and
because
nothing
of
Antiquity
ought
(
at
least
in
my
fancy
)
to
be
lost
,
and
the
least
observation
is
to
be
recorded
in
that
case
;
it
is
not
amiss
to
let
you
know
that
near
the
Portico
there
are
to
be
seen
the
ruines
of
a
large
Courèon
or
Barbars
Shop
,
of
which
Lysias
makes
mention
.
Behind
this
Portico
,
is
the
Garden
of
Melanthus
the
Philosopher
,
in
which
Garden
the
Orator
Lycurgus
was
buried
;
a
little
beyond
we
saw
Statues
representing
a
Combate
betwixt
Neptune
and
the
Giant
Polybot
:
Not
far
from
the
Port
du
Pyraeum
we
saw
a
Temple
,
considerable
only
for
some
certain
Statues
of
Praxitiles
his
work
;
from
thence
we
went
to
the
Pompeon
,
which
is
the
place
where
they
deposite
all
the
Implements
and
Utensils
belonging
to
their
publick
solemnities
.
Beyond
that
Gate
there
is
a
Tomb
adorned
with
the
Statue
of
a
Horsman
,
by
Praxitiles
own
hand
.
The
old
Pyraeum
Gate
was
twice
Musquet
shot
from
where
the
new
one
stands
now
.
From
thence
we
turned
towards
the
Castle
,
following
a
Path
on
the
right
hand
that
led
us
towards
the
ruines
of
the
Temple
of
Jupiter
Olympicus
.
Titus
Livius
has
very
elegantly
expressed
its
magnificence
in
these
,
Templum
unum
in
terris
inchoatum
pro
magnitudine
Dei
:
The
only
Temple
in
the
world
begun
with
proportion
to
the
Grandeur
of
a
God
.
But
it
was
not
finished
in
his
days
,
for
the
greatness
of
the
design
kept
it
unfinished
for
above
seven
hundred
years
,
though
several
Kings
contributed
largely
to
have
it
finished
;
the
Emperour
Adrian
perfected
it
at
last
,
at
the
expence
of
more
than
nine
Millions
.
It
s
circumference
was
about
half
a
mile
,
and
in
its
whole
extent
scarce
a
place
but
was
embellished
with
some
excellent
Statue
,
more
valuable
for
the
curiosity
of
the
work
,
than
for
the
Gold
or
Ivory
which
had
been
prodigally
lavished
upon
them
.
There
was
also
to
be
seen
the
Temple
of
Saturn
and
Rhea
;
the
Grove
of
Olympia
,
and
a
Ditch
that
has
been
famous
ever
since
Ducalion's
Flood
;
for
it
is
from
tradition
believed
that
the
waters
of
that
deluge
were
carried
off
through
that
,
and
they
fancy
it
the
more
credible
,
because
there
is
Ducalion's
Tomb
hard
by
.
There
is
also
the
house
of
Morychia
,
and
another
of
Charmidas
,
who
was
a
man
of
a
most
prodigious
memory
.
Southward
of
this
Temple
stood
another
dedicated
to
Apollo
and
called
Delphinion
;
it
was
also
a
Court
that
took
cognizance
of
,
and
judged
finally
in
Causes
where
Murder
was
evidently
committed
and
confessed
,
but
justified
to
have
been
done
according
to
Law
.
The
old
Port
of
Eugeus
was
hard
by
,
and
his
Palace
not
far
off
:
A
little
lower
was
the
Quarter
called
Coepi
or
the
Gardens
,
where
there
was
to
be
seen
a
Statue
of
Venus
of
Alcamenes
his
making
;
in
the
opinion
of
Phidias
,
the
choicest
of
his
work
,
and
esteemed
rather
a
Miracle
than
a
Master-piece
,
There
was
likewise
a
Temple
dedicated
to
Venus
Vrania
,
and
by
it
,
another
to
Euclaea
,
another
to
Proserpine
,
and
another
to
Ceres
,
which
last
was
called
by
way
of
excellence
Eleusinion
,
because
the
Grand
Mysteries
of
that
Goddess
were
celebrated
there
,
in
which
only
women
were
assistant
,
though
several
of
the
Ceremonies
were
very
licentious
:
You
may
read
elsewhere
(
if
you
please
)
the
Intrigues
betwixt
Ceres
,
Baubo
,
and
Bacchus
,
which
made
a
great
part
of
the
representation
in
that
solemnity
.
One
thing
is
remarkable
in
the
Quarter
called
Asti
,
that
it
is
so
full
of
Temples
,
and
Monuments
of
Piety
,
that
there
is
scarce
room
for
private
Houses
:
You
have
something
like
it
in
Paris
;
from
the
Palais
to
Nostre
Dame
(
which
lies
as
it
were
in
the
Arms
of
the
Seine
that
runs
of
each
side
of
it
)
the
Churches
are
so
thick
,
as
almost
to
touch
one
another
:
You
may
number
them
at
your
leisure
.
To
the
Eastward
of
the
Temple
dedicated
to
Jupiter
Olympicus
,
there
was
another
dedicated
to
Lucina
,
called
by
the
Greeks
Elithia
,
and
another
to
Serapis
.
The
place
where
Theseus
and
Pyrithous
swore
amity
,
was
not
far
from
it
.
The
Street
of
the
Sacred
Tripods
ran
from
thence
to
the
Prytaneum
,
and
crossed
another
place
called
also
the
Sacred
Tripods
,
in
which
there
had
been
a
stately
Temple
of
the
same
name
,
adorned
with
the
Statue
of
a
Satyr
,
one
of
the
most
excellent
of
Praxitiles
his
pieces
,
is
will
appear
by
this
following
Story
.
Praxitiles
was
enamour'd
of
the
incomparable
Phryne
,
who
for
a
long
time
imployed
all
her
entreaties
and
caresses
to
make
him
tell
her
which
was
the
best
piece
he
ever
had
made
;
not
being
able
to
prevail
that
way
,
she
got
it
out
of
him
by
an
artifice
.
She
corrupted
one
of
his
Servants
,
and
obtained
of
him
to
come
running
in
to
him
in
a
great
fright
,
and
surprize
Praxitiles
with
the
news
,
that
his
Work-house
had
been
on
fire
,
but
that
only
a
certain
number
of
his
Pictures
were
burned
:
In
extraordinary
discomposure
Praxitiles
cryed
out
,
Unhappy
man
that
I
am
,
I
am
utterly
●ndone
,
if
either
my
Satyr
or
Cupid
be
among
them
.
Phryne
had
her
design
,
to
settle
his
mind
,
told
him
it
was
but
a
trick
of
hers
,
and
having
taken
his
Cupid
for
her self
,
he
dedicated
his
Satyr
to
Bacchus
.
In
this
Street
there
was
formerly
a
triangular
Market-place
,
in
which
there
stood
a
Court
or
Tribunal
,
called
in
those
days
Trigonon
,
and
at
some
distance
Southward
of
the
Prytaneum
there
were
three
other
Tribunals
that
had
been
anciently
very
famous
.
I
cannot
more
properly
compare
the
proximity
of
these
Tribunals
than
to
those
in
Paris
,
where
you
have
three
soveraign
,
and
several
inferiour
Courts
within
the
circumference
of
the
Palais
.
One
of
these
three
Courts
in
Asti
was
called
Heliaea
;
which
was
so
much
frequented
by
the
Athenians
,
and
had
so
many
Causes
pleaded
in
it
,
that
the
other
Courts
were
many
times
obliged
to
remove
thither
:
It
was
an
open
Court
,
as
is
impiyed
by
the
name
;
for
Heliaea
in
Greek
,
is
the
same
that
Sub
Dio
was
among
the
Romans
.
The
second
was
called
Strategion
,
and
was
the
place
where
the
Archontes
sate
:
and
the
third
was
called
Thesmothesion
,
because
the
six
last
Archontes
presided
there
,
and
as
I
said
before
,
called
themselves
Thesmothetes
.
To
the
Eastward
of
these
Courts
we
saw
the
Statues
of
the
ten
Eponymes
,
who
were
the
Ten
Heroes
that
did
anciently
denominate
the
several
Tribes
of
the
Country
of
Attica
:
For
the
first
of
the
Archontes
,
that
is
to
say
he
who
presided
in
the
Strategion
,
called
himself
Eponyme
.
Behind
the
Statue
of
these
ancient
Eponymes
was
a
place
called
Tholus
,
where
the
Prytaneis
made
their
solemn
Sacrifices
,
and
by
it
(
passing
by
the
Castle
)
we
saw
the
Temple
of
Mars
.
The
wall
of
the
Castle
behind
the
ground
where
this
Temple
stood
,
was
properly
that
part
which
they
called
Cimonion
,
or
the
South
wall
,
where
formerly
was
to
be
seen
Medusa's
head
,
and
Jupiter's
Buckler
called
Agys
.
In
the
Rock
beneath
it
we
saw
the
Vault
,
where
stood
the
Tripos
consecrated
to
Apollo
and
Diana
:
A
little
farther
we
saw
several
other
Caverns
,
into
which
the
poor
Shepheards
hurry
their
Flocks
upon
any
alarm
or
apprehension
of
the
Corsairs
landing
.
Not
far
from
thence
were
the
ruines
of
the
Odeon
or
Musick
School
,
a
magnificent
Building
formerly
,
where
many
eminent
Musicians
have
contended
for
the
Prize
that
was
allowed
by
that
Republick
to
the
most
skilful
among
them
:
and
within
a
small
distance
there
was
anciently
a
Market-place
where
they
sold
Meal
,
and
a
Court
or
Tribunal
where
many
times
the
Archontes
heard
Causes
.
In
his
Wars
with
Mithridates
,
when
Syl●●
threatned
Athens
with
a
Siege
;
the
seditious
Aristion
burned
all
the
Wood-work
of
the
Odeon
,
lest
it
should
commode
the
Romans
in
their
approaches
to
the
Town
;
but
it
was
afterwards
repaired
by
the
boun●y
of
Ariobarzanes
King
of
Cappadocia
.
At
a
small
distance
from
thence
we
passed
into
the
Quarter
of
Lymnae
,
considerable
for
the
Famous
Temple
of
Bacchus
.
In
that
Quarter
we
saw
a
place
called
Lymnomachiae
,
where
the
youth
of
the
City
were
accustomed
to
exercise
themselves
at
Wrestling
and
Fisty-cuffs
.
We
saw
another
place
that
was
again
become
a
Meadow
after
a
long
intermission
,
having
been
drained
and
built
with
many
fair
houses
.
This
Meadow
was
anciently
called
Lenaeon
,
and
had
on
one
side
of
it
a
famous
Grove
of
Poplar-Trees
called
Aegyron
.
The
Peasants
when
they
brought
their
Comedies
to
Athens
,
began
their
Recreations
there
;
and
the
people
of
the
City
made
use
of
the
Trees
in
that
Aegyron
to
build
the
Scaffolds
upon
which
they
placed
themselves
to
behold
their
rustick
representations
.
In
that
Meadow
we
observed
a
little
River
and
followed
it
against
the
stream
,
in
curiosity
to
know
whither
it
would
lead
us
;
it
brought
us
to
the
famous
Fountain
Enneacrunos
,
called
anciently
Callirhoe
;
it
is
much
fallen
from
its
ancient
magnificence
.
In
stead
of
the
cost
and
new
Tyle
that
Pisistrates
bestowed
upon
it
,
there
is
nothing
to
be
seen
now
in
it
,
buy
the
green
Turf
of
the
Meadow
.
Being
desirous
to
tast
of
the
Waters
,
I
found
them
excellent
;
and
our
Germans
,
contrary
to
the
Genius
of
their
Nation
,
in
spight
of
the
Lepanthe
our
Janizary
had
brought
in
his
Flasks
,
fell
as
heartily
to
the
Water
and
were
as
well
pleased
with
it
as
my self
.
But
among
all
these
variety
of
objects
,
we
were
sensible
there
was
one
still
wanting
,
and
casting
our
Eyes
up
and
down
,
we
discovered
behind
the
Trees
,
among
the
Grass
,
what
we
sought
for
,
and
that
was
the
reliques
of
the
first
Theatre
in
the
world
.
We
had
no
sooner
got
to
it
,
but
Dreslington
cryed
out
in
his
facetious
way
,
At
length
we
have
found
it
,
and
are
arrived
at
the
illustrious
Throne
of
four
great
Empresses
,
Melpomene
the
Empress
of
Tragedy
;
Thalia
of
Comedy
;
Euterpe
of
Pastorals
,
and
Calliope
of
other
Verse
.
The
circumference
of
this
Theatre
is
still
visible
,
and
we
judged
of
the
magnificence
of
the
whole
by
the
ruines
that
remained
.
Most
part
of
the
ancient
Buildings
in
Athens
or
Rome
that
are
either
half
,
or
utterly
demolished
,
may
one
day
possibly
be
repaired
,
or
something
built
in
imitation
;
but
this
excellent
piece
of
Antiquity
is
of
a
sort
that
can
never
be
restored
:
For
though
both
Princes
and
People
do
still
retain
their
old
love
and
inclination
to
those
kind
of
shows
,
yet
now
adays
they
rather
affect
and
endeavour
convenience
than
magnificence
in
their
Theatres
,
I
hold
my self
obliged
therefore
as
much
as
in
me
lies
to
preserve
the
memory
of
so
unimitable
a
Fabrick
,
and
to
pick
out
of
Ancient
Authors
,
and
from
my
own
observation
of
the
place
,
the
different
parts
that
composed
it
,
seeing
scarce
any
one
of
them
has
given
us
a
particular
description
:
I
must
be
free
with
you
in
this
,
and
acknowledge
,
that
if
any
where
,
here
it
is
that
I
expect
you
should
value
my
observation
,
and
the
curiosity
of
my
Travels
.
Among
all
the
things
of
which
Ancient
Authors
have
treated
,
the
construction
of
their
Theatres
is
the
most
obscure
and
imperfect
,
and
delivered
with
most
contradiction
.
Vitruvius
has
left
us
in
the
middle
,
and
given
us
no
account
of
its
dimensions
,
situation
,
nor
number
of
its
principal
and
constituting
parts
,
presuming
I
suppose
that
they
had
been
well
enough
known
,
or
could
never
have
perished
.
For
example
,
he
does
not
determine
the
quantity
of
the
Diazoma
or
Praecinctiones
,
which
we
call
Coridors
,
Retraittes
,
Paillers
,
which
are
several
rows
of
Benches
.
Besides
,
in
things
that
he
does
specifie
,
he
sets
down
such
rules
as
we
find
actually
were
never
observed
;
as
when
he
tells
us
of
two
sorts
of
heights
observed
in
the
building
of
their
stairs
,
it
is
manifest
that
neither
the
one
nor
the
other
have
any
proportion
with
what
are
still
remaining
of
the
Ancient
Theatres
and
Amphitheatres
.
Among
our
Modern
Writers
,
the
Jesuite
Gallutius
Sabienus
,
and
the
learned
Scaliger
have
omitted
the
most
essential
parts
;
and
the
unformed
mass
of
Bulengerus
his
citations
,
are
enough
to
fright
any
mans
curiosity
;
some
of
them
we
have
consulted
our selves
,
as
Atheneus
,
Hesychius
,
Pollux
,
Eustathius
,
Suidas
,
and
others
,
but
all
their
light
is
so
weak
and
imperfect
,
that
had
we
not
viewed
the
ground
,
we
had
been
still
in
the
dark
:
But
our
curiosity
putting
it
into
our
minds
to
take
an
exact
plane
of
it
in
Profile
,
we
had
opportunity
to
consider
th●
real
measures
and
proportions
of
the
parts
still
visible
in
Athens
,
and
comparing
them
with
rational
presumptions
taken
out
of
such
Authors
as
had
imparted
to
us
the
use
of
such
parts
as
were
absolutely
demolished
,
they
supplyed
us
with
probable
conjectures
of
all
their
dimensions
.
We
made
use
of
Rule
,
divided
according
to
the
common
foot
among
the
ancient
Athenians
,
not
much
differing
from
that
we
use
now
in
France
,
which
exceeds
the
present
measure
in
Athens
about
eight
or
nine
lines
;
so
that
three
of
our
feet
in
France
,
is
more
than
three
Athenian
feet
by
above
two
thumbs
breadth
;
so
then
a
hundred
of
their
feet
answer
to
about
ninety
four
of
ours
,
and
some
six
inches
,
resecting
the
little
fractions
to
avoid
cavil
in
our
Calculation
;
so
that
you
must
remember
to
judge
of
all
the
following
measures
by
the
French
computation
.
By
this
expedient
we
found
with
what
equity
the
Ancients
called
this
Edifice
Hecatompedon
,
for
we
perceived
that
the
semidiameter
of
our
Plane
or
Ground-plat
was
forty
seven
foot
and
three
inches
,
which
made
the
diameter
to
arise
to
a
hundred
of
their
feet
,
and
gave
it
the
name
of
Hecatompedon
.
By
the
word
Theatre
,
the
Ancients
intended
the
whole
building
where
the
People
Assembled
to
see
any
of
their
publick
representations
.
The
famous
Architect
Philo
built
this
in
the
time
of
Pericles
,
above
two
thousand
years
since
;
and
Philos
design
was
followed
by
Ariobarzanes
King
of
Cappadocia
,
who
repaired
it
the
first
time
,
as
the
Emperour
Adrian
did
afterwards
.
It
consisted
without
,
of
three
rows
of
Portico's
o●
Galleries
,
one
above
the
other
,
and
within
there
were
two
principal
places
,
one
for
the
Spectators
,
and
the
other
for
the
Spectacle
themselves
.
The
parts
designed
for
the
Spectators
were
the
Conistra
or
Pit
,
the
rows
of
Benches
called
the
Diazoma
,
the
little
stairs
,
the
Circys
,
and
the
Echea
;
the
parts
appropriated
to
the
Actors
were
the
Orchestra
,
the
Hyposcenion
,
the
Logeon
or
Thimele
,
the
Proscenion
,
the
Parascenion
,
and
the
Scene
.
To
take
a
Plane
of
this
Edisice
,
a
circle
was
drawn
whose
semidiameter
consisted
of
forty
seven
foot
and
three
inches
:
Having
made
our
Circle
,
we
retrench'd
a
fourth
part
,
and
drew
a
line
of
ninety
degrees
,
which
line
determined
the
front
of
the
Scene
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
front
or
face
of
the
Decorations
,
for
properly
the
word
Scene
imports
nothing
else
.
The
small
part
of
the
diameter
,
which
the
line
of
ninety
degrees
had
cut
behind
the
Scene
was
about
fourteen
foot
;
and
about
eighteen
foot
from
the
said
Line
towards
the
centre
of
the
Circle
,
a
Line
was
drawn
parallel
with
the
face
or
front
of
the
Proscenion
,
(
for
(
as
I
said
before
)
so
it
is
that
they
call
an
elevation
or
plat-form
that
was
peculiar
to
the
Comedians
)
so
that
the
breadth
and
depth
of
that
place
was
eighteen
foot
compleat
;
and
the
face
or
front
of
the
Proscenion
retrenching
one
hundred
forty
two
degrees
and
forty
six
minutes
of
the
circumference
of
the
Circle
,
the
remainder
,
that
is
to
say
,
two
hundred
and
seventeen
degrees
and
fourteen
minutes
was
the
full
circumference
of
the
inward
part
of
the
Theatre
;
so
that
the
draught
was
more
than
a
semicircle
,
contrary
to
the
general
Opinion
that
it
was
a
perfect
Hemicycle
.
The
bottom
or
lower
part
of
this
circumference
they
called
Conistra
,
or
the
Pit
;
the
Romans
called
it
Arena
.
In
Athens
the
Orchestra
took
up
some
part
of
the
Conistra
,
insomuch
that
some
have
mistaken
a
part
for
the
whole
,
and
called
it
all
Orchestra
:
This
corruption
,
or
promiscuous
use
of
words
proceeded
especially
from
the
Romans
;
and
it
is
remarkable
,
that
though
the
Roman
Theatres
had
almost
the
same
parts
with
the
Athenian
,
and
those
parts
had
almost
the
same
names
;
yet
there
was
great
difference
betwixt
their
proportions
,
situations
and
uses
:
But
it
is
our
Province
to
describe
the
Greek
Theatres
,
and
to
meddle
no
farther
with
the
Roman
.
The
inward
building
of
the
Threatre
ran
along
like
the
arch
of
a
Circle
to
the
two
corners
of
the
Proscenion
;
and
in
that
part
of
the
circumference
were
erected
four
and
twenty
rows
of
seats
or
benches
which
went
round
the
Conistra
or
Pit
,
and
were
intended
for
Spectators
:
These
benches
were
distinguished
,
eight
and
eight
,
by
three
Coridor's
or
passages
▪
which
the
Athenians
called
Diazoma
;
they
were
of
the
same
figure
with
the
rows
of
seats
,
and
were
contrived
for
the
passage
of
the
Spectators
from
one
story
to
another
,
without
incommoding
those
who
were
placed
before
;
and
for
the
same
convenience
there
were
little
stairs
that
passed
from
one
Coridor
to
another
cross
the
several
rows
;
and
not
far
from
those
stairs
there
were
doors
by
which
the
people
entred
from
the
Galleries
on
the
outside
,
and
took
their
places
as
they
thought
fit
.
The
best
places
were
reckoned
upon
the
eight
ranks
betwixt
the
eight
and
the
seventeenth
,
and
that
space
was
it
which
they
called
Bouleuticon
,
designed
for
the
particular
Offices
of
Justice
:
The
other
rows
were
called
Ephebicon
,
and
were
proper
to
the
Citizens
after
they
were
eighteen
years
of
age
.
The
height
of
each
of
these
rows
of
benches
was
about
thirteen
inches
,
their
breath
about
two
and
twenty
;
but
the
lowest
bench
was
near
four
foot
high
from
the
level
of
the
floor
:
each
step
of
the
stairs
was
but
half
the
height
of
the
benches
,
and
as
their
height
was
but
half
,
so
was
their
breadth
.
The
height
and
breadth
of
the
Coridor's
or
passages
was
double
the
height
and
breadth
of
the
benches
;
but
the
stairs
were
not
parallel
,
for
the
spaces
betwixt
them
grew
sharper
as
they
came
near
the
Pit
,
and
ended
in
the
figure
of
a
wedge
,
from
whence
by
the
Romans
they
were
called
Cunei
;
and
to
prevent
the
falling
down
of
the
rain
upon
those
steps
,
there
were
certain
pent-houses
set
up
to
carry
off
the
water
.
Along
the
Coridors
at
convenient
distance
in
the
thickness
of
the
wall
were
certain
holes
,
in
which
were
placed
little
vessels
or
kettles
of
brass
open
towards
the
Scene
,
and
with
little
holes
for
an
use
that
I
shall
mention
by
and
by
.
These
holes
or
cells
were
called
by
the
Athenians
Echaea
.
Above
the
upper
Coridor
there
was
a
Gallery
called
Cercys
,
where
their
Women
were
placed
;
but
those
who
were
infamous
or
irregular
in
their
lives
,
had
another
place
by
themselves
.
In
this
Cercys
they
placed
likewise
such
Strangers
and
Allies
as
were
free
of
that
City
;
for
none
could
be
admitted
there
but
such
as
had
their
freedom
.
There
were
other
place●
proper
to
particular
persons
,
and
those
places
descended
by
succession
to
the
eldes●
of
the
Family
.
This
Theatre
was
not
so
capacious
a●
that
which
was
built
in
Rome
by
Marc●●
Scaurus
the
Edilis
;
for
in
that
there
was
room
for
seventy
nine
thousand
persons
;
a
good
Geometrician
will
easily
compute
the
number
of
persons
that
this
would
hold
,
and
he
who
desires
it
may
take
the
pains
to
inform
himself
:
there
was
a
foot
and
half
allowed
for
every
mans
place
;
and
this
we
may
conclude
,
that
the
people
assembling
there
many
times
to
regulate
disorders
in
the
State
,
there
must
be
room
at
least
for
six
thousand
men
;
for
by
the
Attick
Laws
there
were
of
necessity
to
be
six
thousand
suffrages
to
make
a
decree
of
the
people
authentick
.
Thus
much
for
the
place
appointed
for
the
Spectators
.
As
to
that
which
was
designed
for
the
Actors
,
the
Orchestra
(
being
an
elevation
out
of
the
Conistra
or
Pit
)
began
about
fifty
four
foot
from
the
front
of
the
Proscenion
or
Post
of
the
Comedians
,
and
ended
at
the
Proscenion
.
The
height
of
the
Orchestra
was
about
four
foot
from
the
ground
:
Its
figure
was
a
long
square
divided
from
the
seats
of
the
Spectators
:
In
certain
places
of
this
Orchestra
were
the
Musick
,
the
Chorus
,
and
the
Mimicks
conveniently
disposed
:
Among
the
Romans
it
was
put
to
a
more
honourable
use
,
for
the
Emperour
,
the
Senate
,
and
the
Vestals
had
their
places
upon
it
.
Upon
the
flat
of
the
Orchestra
at
Athens
towards
the
place
of
the
Comedians
,
was
another
elevation
or
plat-form
called
Logeon
or
Thimele
,
which
among
the
Romans
was
called
Pulpitum
;
from
the
Conistra
or
Pit
this
Logeon
was
raised
about
nine
foot
,
and
five
from
the
Orchestra
;
the
figure
of
the
Logeon
was
square
,
and
had
four
and
twenty
foot
of
a
side
:
there
it
was
the
Mimicks
practised
their
Interludes
,
and
the
Chorus
made
their
Recitations
.
At
the
foot
of
the
Logeon
upon
the
Orchestra
was
a
row
of
Pillars
incompassing
a
place
called
the
Hyposcenion
,
and
this
was
a
part
of
the
Greek
Theatres
that
Modern
Writers
have
not
well
understood
;
some
have
confounded
it
with
the
Podion
,
or
place
within
the
Ballisters
,
betwixt
the
Proscenion
and
the
Scene
in
the
Roman
Theatres
:
But
that
Opinion
is
manifestly
absurd
,
from
the
difference
both
of
their
uses
and
situation
:
I
will
make
it
more
clear
to
you
if
ever
I
return
to
Rome
,
from
whence
I
design
you
a
description
of
the
Theatre
of
Marcellus
;
others
will
have
the
Hyposcenion
to
be
the
forepart
of
the
Proscenion
contained
in
the
space
betwixt
the
floor
of
the
Orchestra
,
and
the
flat
of
the
Proscenion
,
but
I
shall
confute
that
fancy
hereafter
.
The
Hyposcenion
therefore
was
a
place
upon
the
Orchestra
for
the
convenient
repose
of
the
Musick
,
and
persons
belonging
to
the
Logeon
;
for
the
Chorus
and
Mimicks
kept
still
in
the
Hyposcenion
till
their
parts
in
the
representation
obliged
them
to
ascend
into
the
Logeon
.
The
Poets
themselves
sate
likewise
in
the
Hyposcenion
,
and
what
I
say
,
is
justified
by
Atheneus
,
when
he
tells
us
that
Asopodorus
Philiasius
derided
the
unjust
acclamations
of
the
people
,
among
whom
all
things
are
many
times
applauded
;
for
he
observes
,
that
Asopodorus
being
in
the
Hyposcenion
,
and
hearing
the
obstreperous
approbation
that
was
given
to
a
player
upon
a
Flute
,
What
is
this
for
?
cryed
he
,
my
life
for
it
,
it
is
some
new
sotticism
that
they
are
taken
with
;
from
whence
it
is
plain
,
it
passed
not
for
a
front
or
outside
,
but
for
a
certain
place
where
Asopodorus
had
placed
himself
,
either
to
sit
out
the
whole
Play
,
or
perhaps
only
in
his
passage
to
some
other
place
,
which
indeed
it
probably
implyed
,
for
his
words
are
,
being
already
in
the
Hyposcenion
.
The
compass
of
the
Hyposcenion
was
the
same
with
the
Logeon
;
its
breadth
was
about
six
or
seven
foot
:
but
to
be
short
,
the
Logeon
,
the
Hyposcenion
,
the
Orchestra
,
and
the
Conistra
are
four
distinct
places
which
many
persons
have
by
mistake
comprised
under
the
word
Orchestra
,
as
the
following
places
have
been
signified
under
the
name
of
the
Scene
.
The
Proscenion
or
place
for
the
Actors
was
raised
two
feet
above
the
Logeon
,
seven
foot
above
the
Orchestra
,
and
eleven
above
the
Pit
;
and
it
is
not
to
be
imagined
so
great
an
Architect
as
Philo
would
without
reason
have
given
such
different
heights
to
all
those
different
places
;
besides
thei●
being
seen
,
he
contrived
those
places
so
,
that
the
sound
of
the
Musick
,
and
the
melody
of
their
Voices
might
be
conveyed
with
more
advantage
,
and
more
equal
distribution
to
the
ears
of
the
People
,
according
to
the
different
elevations
and
degree●
in
which
they
had
placed
themselves
:
Upon
the
Proscenion
there
was
an
Altar
,
called
by
the
Athenians
Agyeus
,
and
dedicated
to
Apollo
.
The
Scene
,
as
we
observed
before
,
wa●
nothing
but
the
Columns
and
Ornament●
in
Architecture
raised
from
the
foundation
▪
and
upon
the
sides
of
the
Proscenion
,
fo●
its
beauty
and
decoration
.
When
ther●
were
three
rows
of
Pillars
one
above
another
,
the
highest
row
was
called
Episcenion
.
Agatarchus
was
the
first
Architect
wh●
found
out
the
way
of
adorning
Scenes
by
the
Rules
of
Perspective
,
and
Eschilus
assisted
him
.
Parascenion
was
a
general
word
for
the
whole
space
before
and
behind
the
Scene
,
and
the
same
name
was
given
to
all
the
avenues
,
and
passages
from
the
Musick-room
,
to
the
place
where
the
Actors
kept
.
And
thus
by
the
word
Scena
they
confounded
the
Parascenion
and
the
Scene
.
The
Athenians
oftentimes
made
use
of
Machines
,
the
principal
of
which
was
called
Theologeon
;
it
was
generally
in
the
air
,
and
brought
in
the
Gods
when
the
Poets
thought
fit
to
introduce
them
:
For
that
reason
it
is
,
that
among
the
Learned
Ancients
they
are
so
much
decryed
,
being
(
as
they
believed
)
of
no
other
use
but
to
relieve
the
sterility
of
the
Poet
,
whose
brains
growing
muddy
,
and
unable
by
natural
or
ingenious
extrication
,
to
clear
himself
of
some
indecorum
or
perplexity
in
his
plot
,
brings
himself
off
in
a
moment
by
bringing
in
one
of
the
Gods
upon
a
Theologian
,
who
by
his
pure
authority
,
and
an
unseasonable
and
ridiculous
contrivance
,
in
a
moment
,
from
some
remote
place
brings
a
man
home
to
his
own
Country
;
restores
a
man
to
health
who
had
been
sick
,
or
rescues
some
body
from
the
calamities
of
a
Prison
;
a
fancy
so
insufferably
idle
,
that
the
Athenians
have
in
raillerie
turned
it
to
a
Proverb
,
and
when
they
see
a
man
at
a
non-plus
,
and
ignorant
what
to
do
,
they
cry
out
in
derision
,
Apo
Micanis
,
as
the
Criticks
in
Rome
upon
the
same
occasion
were
wont
to
say
,
Deus
è
Machina
;
Now
for
a
God
from
a
Machine
.
Nevertheless
,
we
are
not
to
believe
the
Comedies
of
the
Ancients
were
altogether
so
profane
as
some
would
represent
them
;
for
when
their
Gods
came
forth
in
the
Theologeon
,
Tully
tells
us
,
Ex
ea
(
Machina
)
Dii
effata
saepe
fabantur
,
homines
ad
virtutem
excitabant
,
à
vitio
deterrebant
:
From
thence
the
Gods
did
many
times
deliver
their
Precepts
,
exciting
men
to
Virtue
,
and
deterring
them
from
Vice
.
The
outward
building
was
of
Marble
,
and
consisted
of
three
Porticoes
or
Galleries
one
above
another
,
of
which
the
highest
was
called
Cercys
.
Were
I
not
tired
with
calculating
already
,
I
would
have
sent
you
the
exact
models
and
dimensions
of
them
all
.
This
Theatre
was
open
at
top
.
The
Theatre
of
Regilla
not
far
from
the
Temple
of
Theseus
was
covered
magnificently
,
and
had
a
fair
roof
of
Cedar
.
The
Odeon
or
Theatre
for
Musick
was
covered
likewise
,
and
Plutarch
will
tell
you
it
was
that
which
gave
occasion
to
the
Poet
Cratinus
to
droll
●o
ingeniously
upon
Pericles
,
who
had
taken
the
care
of
it
.
In
the
Theatre
of
Bacchus
there
was
no
covering
but
over
the
Proscenion
and
Cercys
,
and
therefore
the
Athenians
being
exposed
to
the
injuries
of
the
weather
,
came
usually
with
great
cloaks
thrown
over
to
secure
them
from
the
rain
and
the
cold
;
and
to
defend
against
the
Sun
,
they
had
the
Sciadion
in
fashion
of
our
Parosols
,
which
the
Romans
used
also
●
their
Theatres
by
the
name
of
Vmbrellae
;
●ereupon
when
any
sudden
storm
arose
,
●he
Play
was
interrupted
,
and
the
specta●ors
dispered
;
some
sheltered
themselves
in
the
outward
Galleries
;
some
in
the
Por●ico
of
Eumenicus
that
joyned
to
the
Thea●re
;
but
in
the
Temple
of
Bacchus
(
though
●ear
enough
)
no
protection
could
be
had
,
●ecause
it
was
opened
but
once
a
year
;
ne●ertheless
in
fair
weather
their
Comedies
●ere
extraordinarily
magnificent
,
and
in●iched
and
recommended
to
the
people
by
●
thousand
Artifices
,
as
exhalation
of
o●ours
all
over
the
Theatre
;
diffusion
of
li●uors
in
little
odoriferous
showers
upon
the
●eads
of
the
People
;
the
uppermost
Cori●or
,
and
the
Cercys
being
adorned
with
●ultitudes
of
Statues
,
which
being
hollow
,
●nd
full
of
concealed
Pipes
,
squirted
or
shower'd
down
Rose-water
,
and
other
sweets
among
the
People
,
thereby
tempering
and
moderating
the
excessive
heat
of
so
numerous
an
assembly
.
Their
Plays
were
acted
alwayes
by
day-light
.
When
Lentulus
Spinter
had
covered
the
Roman
Theatres
with
Tile
,
they
played
now
and
then
in
the
night
.
The
priviledge
of
entring
into
the
Theatre
o●
Bacchus
cost
each
Citizen
at
least
two
Oboli●
sometimes
three
:
An
Obolus
with
them
▪
was
about
as
much
as
a
Son
Marque
o●
French
Money
;
which
payments
were
lai●
out
wholly
upon
repairs
;
for
all
the
apparatus
,
and
pompous
preparation
of
clothes
and
other
ornaments
,
was
provided
by
persons
of
quality
who
exhibited
the
Play
▪
At
the
Creation
of
the
Archontes
ther●
were
five
or
six
several
Comedies
acted
publickly
,
in
which
the
emulation
of
the
competitors
was
sometimes
so
great
,
that
in
●
contest
for
the
prize
of
Poetry
and
Musick
Alexis
and
Cleodemus
died
upon
the
spo●●
with
meer
transport
and
rapture
for
th●
applauses
of
the
People
,
and
the
Prizes
the●
had
won
:
But
favour
and
faction
did
man●
times
rob
the
Victors
of
their
just
Prize●
which
was
the
occasion
of
Menander's
sarcas●
who
,
finding
himself
wronged
,
and
the
Po●●
Philemon
triumphing
unjustly
upon
him
b●
the
corrupt
and
debauched
suffrage
of
the
people
,
came
to
Philemon
in
the
midst
of
his
acclamations
,
and
whispering
in
his
Ear
,
asked
him
,
whether
he
was
not
ashamed
of
his
Victory
?
This
Menander
was
a
famous
Poet
,
had
made
a
hundred
and
five
Comedies
,
but
never
gained
the
Prize
but
for
eight
:
Euripides
was
another
who
had
made
sixty
Comedies
,
and
fifteen
Tragedies
,
yet
never
came
off
Conquerour
but
in
five
.
Thus
have
I
given
you
a
description
of
the
Theatre
of
Leneon
or
Bacchus
,
which
Theatre
was
imployed
not
only
for
their
publick
Plays
,
and
spectacles
,
and
assemblies
of
State
;
but
sometimes
as
Schools
for
the
eminent
Philosophers
to
read
in
to
their
Disciples
;
nor
were
Theatres
so
much
decryed
in
the
Primitive
times
as
some
would
perswade
us
:
The
Doctrine
of
Christianity
was
originally
taught
there
;
Cajus
and
Aristarchus
were
carried
forcibly
out
of
the
Theatre
at
Ephesus
as
they
were
expounding
the
Gospel
;
and
St.
Paul
was
intreated
by
his
Disciples
not
to
hazard
himself
there
for
fear
of
the
like
violence
.
Before
I
had
seen
and
considered
this
Fabrick
in
Athens
,
I
could
not
believe
that
the
excellence
and
curiosity
of
Architecture
,
was
to
be
shown
only
upon
a
Theatre
:
It
was
not
enough
for
Philo
,
like
an
admirable
Architect
,
to
regard
the
just
symmetry
and
proportion
of
parts
,
and
to
make
one
side
and
the
other
,
the
upper
and
lower
part
of
the
Building
suitable
and
concurrent
;
but
as
well
as
in
Architecture
,
he
shew'd
great
judgment
both
in
Musick
and
Physick
,
and
indeed
there
was
a
kind
of
necessity
for
it
;
for
the
Voice
being
like
to
be
lost
in
an
open
and
spacious
place
,
where
the
Walls
,
though
of
Marble
,
at
that
distance
could
give
little
or
no
repercussion
to
make
it
audible
to
the
People
,
Philo
contrived
those
Cells
or
Holes
in
the
thickness
of
the
Coridors
,
and
in
those
Cells
he
placed
the
Brass
Vessels
that
I
mentioned
before
,
each
of
which
Kettles
was
supported
by
a
wedge
of
Iron
,
and
placed
in
their
several
,
so
as
not
to
touch
the
Wall
,
that
the
voice
proceeding
from
the
mouth
of
the
Actor
as
from
a
Center
,
and
being
carried
circularly
to
the
Coridors
,
might
strike
upon
the
concavity
of
those
Vessels
,
and
from
them
be
reverberated
with
more
clearness
and
force
:
But
the
Musick
in
the
Hyposcenion
had
more
advantage
;
for
the
Brass
Vessels
being
disposed
Mathematically
,
and
at
a
distance
that
agreed
exactly
with
the
intervals
and
modulation
of
the
Musick
,
every
Note
was
sustained
and
reinforced
by
repercussion
from
those
Vessels
placed
there
methodically
on
purpose
;
their
number
in
all
were
twenty
eight
.
To
his
care
for
improving
the
harmony
to
the
people
,
he
added
his
care
for
their
healths
;
for
carrying
always
in
all
his
Buildings
great
regard
to
that
where-ever
he
lodged
or
disposed
them
,
he
thought
it
no
improper
reflexion
to
consider
that
without
some
smattering
in
Physick
(
to
understand
how
the
Weather
and
the
Sun
affected
mens
bodies
)
it
would
be
impossible
but
the
pleasure
and
transport
at
those
spectacles
,
impetuously
agitating
the
spirits
of
the
spectators
,
must
needs
cause
an
alteration
in
their
healths
,
against
which
he
provided
very
well
by
a
judicious
placing
of
the
Windows
and
Columns
,
and
by
a
learned
Oeconomy
and
disposition
of
the
Winds
and
Sun
,
which
were
admitted
or
rejected
as
he
pleased
:
but
his
chiefest
regard
was
to
the
Westerly
Wind
,
which
was
received
with
great
care
for
a
particular
efficacy
it
has
in
carrying
things
far
,
and
distinctly
to
the
Ear
:
But
this
Wind
being
commonly
infested
with
Vapours
,
it
was
his
Master-piece
to
turn
the
Lights
of
the
Galleries
with
such
exactness
,
that
the
in●temperance
of
that
Wind
might
produce
no
rheums
nor
defluxions
among
the
people
.
The
Scene
looked
out
upon
the
Castle
Hill
,
and
had
the
Cynosarges
behind
it
;
the
Musaeon
was
on
the
right
hand
of
it
,
and
the
Caussey
to
Pyraeum
on
the
left
.
At
this
day
there
is
nothing
remaining
of
Eumenicus
his
Portico
,
which
consisted
formerly
of
a
double
Gallery
divided
by
certain
rows
of
Pillars
.
The
Floor
of
this
Portico
was
raised
a
good
distance
from
the
ground
,
so
that
from
the
Street
they
ascended
to
it
by
Stairs
:
It
was
of
a
long
square
Figure
,
embellished
with
green
Palisado's
▪
to
please
the
eyes
of
those
who
walked
i●
it
.
Here
it
was
that
their
repetitions
were
made
and
prepared
for
the
Theatre
,
a●
their
Musick
and
Symphony
was
in
th●
Odeon
.
And
here
we
could
not
but
wish
that
i●
our
Countries
we
had
such
a
Portico
as
thi●
of
Eumenicus
,
not
only
to
regulate
ou●
Theatres
in
point
of
Architecture
,
and
reduce
them
to
the
Athenian
Model
;
bu●
even
for
reformation
of
our
customs
,
b●
subjecting
our
Poets
to
the
rigour
of
th●
Laws
,
or
at
least
condemning
them
to
s●lence
,
who
by
profane
and
scandalous
gestures
or
jests
,
do
make
a
mockery
of
Religion
,
wound
the
modesty
of
the
auditor●
and
deprave
and
debauch
the
manners
of
all
that
are
present
.
Having
examined
the
Theatre
of
Bacchus
,
we
proceeded
to
the
Fountain
Enneacrunos
,
where
our
Flasks
of
Lepanthe
proved
as
necessary
as
delicious
:
From
thence
we
passed
into
the
Quarter
of
Asti
,
to
trace
out
the
School
of
Epicurus
;
for
as
to
his
House
Laertius
tells
us
it
was
in
the
Quarter
of
Melita
,
not
far
from
the
School
of
Themistocles
.
And
here
I
must
tell
you
,
that
neither
History
nor
tradition
could
give
us
the
least
light
where
it
stood
;
only
it
is
agreed
by
common
consent
it
was
in
a
Garden
belonging
to
the
old
Town
.
Pliny
assures
us
that
Epicurus
was
the
first
that
ever
made
a
Garden
within
the
Walls
of
that
City
,
and
that
he
did
it
for
the
convenience
of
his
School
.
The
Sect
of
Epicuraeans
,
though
generally
exploded
,
have
notwithstanding
found
certain
reasons
to
excuse
or
palliate
their
doctrine
;
for
though
their
principal
proposition
is
,
That
pleasure
is
the
chiefest
good
;
yet
his
Disciples
will
tell
you
that
you
must
not
be
frighted
at
words
,
but
search
deeper
into
the
merits
of
the
Cause
,
and
then
you
will
find
that
pleasure
is
the
chiefest
good
,
but
that
that
pleasure
consists
only
in
being
virtuous
:
But
however
his
Enemies
have
disparaged
and
reproached
his
Doctrine
,
it
is
certain
many
illustrious
persons
among
the
ancient
Romans
have
followed
it
,
as
Julius
Caesar
,
Cassius
,
Mecenas
;
and
it
is
remarkable
that
Seneca
in
his
Morals
was
never
so
plausible
or
acute
,
as
when
he
began
with
some
grave
sentence
out
of
Epicurus
.
We
continued
our
walk
and
visited
the
Quarter
of
Diomea
,
where
there
was
formerly
a
Tribunal
or
Court
consisting
of
sixty
Judges
,
as
also
a
Temple
dedicated
to
Jupiter
,
and
called
the
Diomean
.
The
ancient
Diomean
Gate
was
at
the
foot
of
the
Hill
Cynosarges
,
which
we
ascended
by
degrees
,
and
had
the
prospect
of
several
ruines
.
Upon
the
top
of
this
Hill
it
was
the
Cynick
Philosophers
kept
their
School
:
From
the
top
of
this
Hill
we
surveyed
the
whole
Quarter
of
Asti
,
which
put
us
in
mind
of
a
story
of
Diogenes
the
Cynick
.
The
Athenians
upbraiding
his
poverty
,
and
interrogating
him
about
his
House
,
because
he
had
none
to
live
in
,
he
replied
,
That
they
themselves
had
provided
him
with
variety
of
noble
Buildings
,
showing
them
the
magnificent
Cloisters
in
the
Temple
of
Jupiter
Olympicus
,
and
the
Palace
of
Polition
:
We
could
easily
discern
the
foundation
of
this
Temple
,
and
I
mention
it
only
to
advertise
you
of
the
errors
of
several
Travellers
in
their
description
of
its
situation
.
Upon
this
Cynosarge
it
was
,
that
illegitimate
and
spurious
Children
were
exposed
,
and
a
Gymnasion
or
place
of
Exercise
erected
for
them
;
for
the
Children
of
Freemen
,
and
Strangers
,
the
Athenians
confounding
them
all
together
.
Plutarch
will
tell
you
with
what
subtilty
and
address
Themistocles
extinguished
the
distinctions
of
Birth
and
Quality
in
that
place
.
There
was
also
a
Temple
consecrated
to
Hercules
,
who
,
though
the
Son
of
an
Adulteress
,
was
adored
and
invoked
on
that
account
.
Not
far
from
the
said
Temple
,
was
a
Court
to
which
any
Bastard
that
had
suspicion
of
his
Father
,
might
cite
him
,
and
constrain
him
(
if
he
could
prove
it
)
to
own
him
.
If
you
will
believe
the
Athenians
,
it
was
an
Advocate
or
Lawyer
in
this
Court
who
was
the
occasion
of
that
smart
wipe
that
Diogenes
gave
the
Lawyers
and
Physicians
of
his
time
:
For
a
great
contest
hapning
in
the
presence
of
Diogenes
betwixt
an
Advocate
and
a
Physician
about
places
;
it
being
referred
to
his
arbitration
,
he
decided
it
in
his
manner
,
Praecedat
Fur
,
sequatur
Carnif●x
.
Let
the
Thief
go
before
,
and
the
Hangman
follow
.
Not
far
from
this
Court
we
saw
several
Altars
consecrated
,
some
to
Hercules
,
some
to
his
Mother
Alcmene
,
some
to
his
Wife
Hebe
,
and
some
to
his
friend
Iolaus
who
was
a
partner
in
his
Victory
over
the
Hydra
.
Eastward
of
this
Hill
we
saw
several
Tombs
,
among
the
rest
,
the
Tomb
of
Isocrates
the
Orator
,
and
the
Lacedemonian
Anchimolus
,
of
whose
combate
and
death
you
may
read
in
Herodotus
.
The
Quarter
of
Alopece
is
at
no
great
distance
,
in
which
Socrates
and
Aristides
were
born
:
There
is
now
a
large
but
dry
Canal
where
the
Waters
of
the
Ilissus
did
formerly
discharge
themselves
for
the
communication
betwixt
the
City
and
Sea
;
in
so
much
that
Vessels
came
up
to
the
very
foot
of
the
Musaeon
.
There
is
likewise
a
Grove
of
Olive-Trees
that
runs
along
half
way
to
Porto-Lione
;
and
on
the
other
side
it
extends
it self
from
North
to
South
,
makes
a
kind
of
a
Semicircle
,
and
is
a
great
Ornament
to
the
Town
.
Descending
from
the
Cynosarge
,
by
that
part
where
the
old
Monuments
were
to
be
seen
,
we
found
(
upon
the
declension
)
where
the
Ereae
stood
formerly
,
or
the
Gate
of
Sepulchers
;
from
whence
steering
back
again
to
the
Town
,
we
left
the
Theatre
of
Bacchus
on
our
left
hand
,
and
passed
by
the
Tomb
of
Talus
,
an
excellent
Artist
,
who
invented
the
Saw
,
and
Passer
,
and
several
other
Instruments
.
Not
far
from
this
Tomb
we
viewed
the
Temple
of
Aesculapius
,
and
within
its
Walls
the
Fountain
of
Hallirrothius
,
Neptune's
Son
,
slain
by
Mars
in
that
place
.
Antiquity
believed
that
there
was
a
subterraneous
passage
from
this
Fountain
to
Phalerum
,
through
which
such
things
as
were
thrown
into
the
said
Fountain
,
were
convey'd
underground
to
Phalerum
.
In
our
way
from
thence
to
the
Castle
we
saw
the
Temple
of
Themis
,
and
hard
by
it
the
Tomb
of
the
beautiful
Hippolytus
the
Son
of
Theseus
,
by
the
Amazon
Hippolyta
;
The
same
Hippolytus
that
was
so
much
in
love
with
Phaedra
.
Towards
the
Castle
,
we
saw
likewise
the
Temple
of
Ceres
,
sirnam'd
the
Courotrophos
;
but
now
it
is
called
the
Temple
of
the
Goddess
Terra
.
Passing
betwixt
the
Castle
Hill
and
Trajan's
Arch
;
that
little
interval
was
remarkable
for
the
Temple
of
Perdrix
Sister
to
Daedalus
;
as
likewise
for
the
Temple
of
the
Eumenides
or
Erymnes
,
or
infernal
Furies
.
The
Fountain
Panopis
was
anciently
there
,
but
now
it
is
dried
up
,
and
not
far
from
it
was
the
ancient
Gate
called
Diocharis
,
but
we
left
that
on
our
right
hand
,
as
we
did
the
Areopagus
,
and
the
Gate
Ithonia
.
The
Palladion
(
a
Court
consisting
of
a
hundred
Judges
called
Ephetes
,
half
of
Athens
,
and
half
of
Argos
)
was
a
little
lower
in
the
way
to
Phalerum
.
When
we
had
reposed
our selves
a
little
at
our
Lodgings
,
as
our
custom
was
we
fell
to
our
Memoirs
,
and
set
down
what
we
had
observed
.
The
next
day
we
reviewed
with
more
curiosity
and
application
what
we
had
but
run
over
the
day
before
;
copying
several
ancient
Inscriptions
;
taking
draughts
of
the
Temples
and
most
remarkable
pieces
of
Architecture
;
searching
for
Meddals
;
discovering
the
most
honourable
of
the
Vecchiados
;
regaling
our
Equipage
who
came
to
see
us
;
and
making
our
Visits
to
the
Sardar
and
Cadi
just
then
returned
to
Athens
.
I
tell
you
our
business
,
and
you
may
easily
judge
how
we
were
pleased
:
I
do
assure
you
we
passed
our
time
very
merrily
,
having
nothing
but
good
Cheer
and
good
Company
to
molest
us
:
and
as
I
have
told
you
the
virtues
,
so
I
must
tell
you
the
vanity
of
some
of
our
people
(
and
it
is
common
among
strangers
)
nothing
could
serve
the
turn
,
but
the
Marble
and
Brass
must
mention
them
hereafter
in
Athens
,
whereupon
several
of
them
writ
their
names
upon
the
most
conspicuous
Pillars
,
for
want
of
tools
to
ingrave
them
;
and
in
revenge
for
my
laughing
at
them
,
they
writ
mine
in
two
or
three
Languages
,
and
two
or
three
different
terminations
.
In
the
evening
on
Saturday
the
20.
of
May
,
when
we
thought
nothing
of
Osman
Chelebi
,
we
saw
him
brought
into
our
house
by
our
Janizary
,
to
whom
the
other
Turks
had
applyed
themselves
to
know
what
he
was
.
Never
was
surprize
so
acceptable
,
we
ran
all
of
us
to
embrace
him
.
He
told
us
he
was
going
for
Candia
in
a
Saique
that
unladed
certain
Goods
at
Parto
Lione
,
where
he
hoped
to
embarque
again
next
morning
,
and
find
a
company
of
brave
Turkish
Officers
that
he
had
left
there
.
I
was
the
man
of
our
whole
Gang
who
made
him
the
least
Caresses
,
being
taken
with
a
sudden
desire
to
go
along
with
him
to
Candia
,
and
take
a
view
of
that
famous
Camp
which
is
not
at
all
understood
in
Christendom
,
though
the
condition
of
the
Town
be
very
well
known
.
I
took
Osman
aside
,
and
desired
I
might
go
along
with
him
as
his
slave
;
at
first
he
was
averse
,
pretending
it
was
unsafe
for
us
both
in
respect
of
the
small
acquaintance
he
had
in
the
Turkish
Army
,
being
uncertain
whether
he
should
find
any
of
his
old
Camerades
that
were
with
him
in
Hungary
,
and
if
not
,
the
least
suspicion
would
be
dangerous
to
us
both
.
But
I
was
prepared
against
those
objections
,
and
asked
him
what
it
was
he
could
apprehend
at
Athens
where
his
person
and
design
was
utterly
unknown
,
and
if
there
were
no
danger
there
,
there
was
less
in
the
Camp
,
from
whence
Slaves
and
Renegades
came
and
went
securely
every
day
,
who
in
regard
of
their
carriage
and
language
were
more
suspicious
than
I.
With
these
and
some
other
Reasons
he
was
satisfied
,
and
assisted
me
with
a
contrivance
much
better
than
I
could
devise
for
my self
:
He
had
left
at
Porto
Lione
a
Turkis●
Officer
,
who
was
a
suitor
to
one
of
Mustapha
Bey's
Daughters
,
and
looked
upon
him
as
his
Brother
in
Law
already
.
Upon
the
score
of
the
intimacy
betwixt
them
,
Osman
did
not
question
but
he
would
do
me
all
possible
kindness
,
and
undertake
to
secure
me
in
my
Voyage
.
This
Officer
was
called
Amurat
Aga
,
a
person
who
had
about
two
months
before
been
sent
from
the
Camp
upon
business
of
importance
that
required
his
speedy
return
.
I
was
much
pleased
with
the
expedient
,
and
conjuring
their
secresie
,
acquainted
my
companions
with
my
design
.
My
Companions
were
troubled
to
lose
me
,
and
the
more
,
because
I
was
their
principal
Interpreter
.
They
askt
me
how
I
could
leave
Athens
at
time
when
they
were
proceeding
to
such
excellent
discoveries
;
but
I
answered
them
as
Isocrates
did
those
of
old
,
who
demanded
if
there
was
any
Town
in
the
World
so
pleasant
as
Athens
:
Isocrates
intimating
,
that
their
entertainments
were
pleasing
indeed
,
but
not
solid
enough
to
detain
a
man
long
,
replyed
very
facetiously
,
That
Athens
was
fitter
for
Courtship
than
Marriage
;
melior
Meretrix
quam
Vxor
.
So
Osman
and
I
getting
up
betimes
,
I
took
my
leave
of
my
Camerades
,
and
having
given
them
hopes
of
seeing
them
shortly
again
,
and
setled
our
Correspondencies
at
Emporion
,
Zeithon
,
Volo
,
and
particularly
at
Larissa
,
embracing
with
great
kindness
,
we
parted
.
Taking
my
leave
of
Athens
thus
abruptly
,
I
could
do
no
more
than
send
you
this
Description
,
which
I
hope
you
will
not
think
altogether
unexact
;
for
doubtless
those
things
which
escaped
our
curiosity
,
may
have
the
same
success
with
those
who
come
after
us
:
however
they
will
do
very
well
if
they
can
discover
where
those
Antiquities
stood
that
we
over-passed
,
particularly
the
Phorbantheon
or
Temple
dedicated
to
Phorbas
;
the
Eacontheon
or
Temple
of
Eacus
;
the
Temple
of
the
Charltes
;
the
Temples
of
Celeus
,
and
his
Wife
Metanira
;
the
Temples
of
Leena
,
Lamia
,
Pherea
or
Hecate
;
of
Burychius
,
Adimanthe
,
and
Oxythemis
:
We
shall
be
beholding
to
them
,
as
the
Town
now
lies
,
if
they
can
inform
us
of
those
sacred
Vallies
so
obvious
among
ancient
Authors
.
We
must
ingenuously
confess
we
could
find
nothing
of
them
,
nor
of
the
three
hundred
and
sixty
houses
,
called
Leschae
,
where
the
poorer
sort
of
Athenians
were
provided
for
by
the
publick
;
those
Authors
having
given
us
no
light
where
they
stood
:
Nor
can
we
be
so
audacious
,
as
to
prescribe
the
precise
place
of
the
Ceramicus
,
where
the
Plane-tree
stood
,
to
which
they
fastned
their
sentences
against
Women
that
were
seen
dirty
or
undressed
in
the
street
;
for
in
such
cases
every
such
Woman
was
condemned
in
a
penalty
of
a
thousand
drachmes
,
and
the
condemnation
with
the
name
of
the
Woman
transgressing
in
that
manner
,
affixed
to
the
said
tree
:
Their
thousand
drachmes
amounted
to
about
three
hundred
seventy
five
Livers
French
.
A
true
and
faithful
discovery
of
these
places
,
would
(
I
confess
)
be
a
great
curiosity
,
and
very
grateful
to
all
people
that
are
inquisitive
.
And
now
let
me
intreat
you
not
to
be
dissatisfied
if
you
find
not
my
Plat-form
answerable
to
Hilduinus
his
description
of
Athens
,
which
description
being
taken
up
wholly
upon
trust
,
and
upon
the
credit
of
one
Aristarchus
,
is
certainly
the
lamest
and
most
imperfect
I
ever
saw
;
for
abating
the
came
of
Athens
,
and
the
Areopagus
,
the
rest
,
by
general
consent
,
and
the
present
condition
of
the
ground
,
is
utterly
false
.
I
have
been
so
curious
as
to
make
a
Critical
Selection
of
the
faults
in
it
,
which
shall
be
sent
you
when
you
please
.
ATHENS
Ancient
and
Modern
:
WITH
A
DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
PRESENT
STATE
OF
THE
EMPIRE
OF
THE
TURKS
.
Book
IV.
ON
Sunday
the
5
th
.
of
May
early
in
the
Morning
,
Osman
Chelebi
and
my self
departed
from
Athens
,
and
in
the
mid-way
betwixt
that
and
Porto-Lione
we
overtook
Father
Simon
marching
upon
the
same
design
,
but
he
being
on
foot
and
we
on
horse-back
,
we
quickly
left
him
behind
.
His
business
was
to
go
on
board
a
Genoa
Vessel
that
was
then
in
the
Harbour
,
and
take
care
of
the
Consciences
of
its
Crew
;
for
when
ever
any
Christian
Vessel
puts
into
that
Harbour
,
it
is
incumbent
upon
the
Capuchins
(
in
respect
of
their
Mission
)
to
look
after
them
,
there
being
alwayes
some
or
other
sick
,
and
in
need
of
their
Ministery
,
even
in
Protestant
Ships
.
About
a
quarter
of
a
league
farther
we
met
a
poor
miserable
French
Man
,
a
Burgundian
,
who
had
been
a
Drummer
in
Candia
,
and
running
away
,
got
off
into
the
Turks
Camp
,
from
whence
they
conveyed
him
to
Napoli
di
Romania
:
Being
arrived
there
,
he
turned
Renegade
,
took
the
name
of
Maherem
,
married
,
and
at
last
,
by
consent
of
his
Wife
,
(
who
cared
but
little
for
him
though
she
had
had
a
young
Turk
by
him
)
removed
his
quarters
,
came
to
Athens
,
and
entred
himself
into
the
service
of
the
Consul
Chastagner
.
Every
person
that
runs
from
Candia
to
the
Turks
Camp
,
has
a
Crown
of
the
Grand
Visier
,
and
a
good
Pass-port
whether
he
see
him
or
not
;
but
if
admitted
into
his
presence
they
are
sure
of
ten
or
twelve
Crowns
,
a
Pass-port
,
and
a
good
Vest
into
the
bargain
;
commonly
they
are
transported
to
Morea
,
where
the
Christian
Consuls
and
Vice
Consuls
are
obliged
by
the
Cadi's
to
take
care
of
their
passage
into
their
own
Countries
,
but
for
the
most
part
they
leave
their
Religion
,
as
well
as
the
Town
;
our
Janizary
shew'd
us
five
or
six
of
them
at
Athens
,
who
were
going
to
Larissa
:
One
of
them
was
an
Italian
,
a
witty
man
,
and
his
name
Francesco
Bernardino
.
His
whole
●istory
would
be
troublesom
to
tell
;
He
expressed
great
sense
of
his
fault
,
and
I
am
●●
hopes
he
may
return
;
however
,
he
told
●e
many
particularities
of
the
Siege
.
Being
within
Musket
shot
of
our
Inn
in
Porto-Lione
,
Amurat
Aga
being
walking
with
other
Turkish
Officers
,
having
spied
●sman
,
came
running
to
meet
him
:
Os●an
presented
me
to
him
very
civilly
,
told
●im
that
I
had
belonged
formerly
to
Musta●ha
Bey
,
and
lived
some
time
at
Emporion
;
●hat
at
present
my
Relation
was
to
a
Tur●ish
Officer
in
Candia
,
to
whom
I
was
re●iring
,
and
that
being
a
person
of
some
●erit
,
he
desired
him
to
take
care
of
my
●rotection
,
if
there
should
be
need
of
it
in
●y
Voyage
;
and
Amurat
promised
it
as
●enerously
.
I
went
directly
on
board
the
Saique
that
was
to
carry
us
to
Candia
,
(
for
fear
I
should
meet
upon
the
shore
any
of
the
Genoeses
of
my
acquaintance
)
and
about
ten
or
eleven
of
the
clock
,
with
a
favourable
N.
W.
wind
we
set
sail
,
and
in
two
hours
time
we
getting
sight
of
the
Cape
de
Colonnes
,
in
a
short
time
we
left
it
to
the
N.
E.
A
Saique
is
a
Greek
Vessel
,
with
a
Main
mast
twice
as
high
as
other
Ships
,
whic●
makes
them
discovered
much
farther
;
whe●
they
are
in
apprehension
of
the
Corsairs
they
furle
their
sails
,
to
keep
themselve●
from
being
descried
.
Their
manner
o●
building
,
and
the
height
of
their
Mast
hi●ders
them
from
sailing
with
a
side-wind
,
b●
with
a
full
wind
it
is
impossible
to
reac●
them
.
We
were
chased
by
a
small
Christian
Ve●sel
within
sight
of
St.
George
d'
Arbora
.
W●
had
on
board
twenty
Turkish
Officers
●
more
,
all
of
them
in
appearance
very
read
to
defend
themselves
,
but
none
so
muc●
(
in
my
fancy
)
as
an
old
black
Eunuch
th●
belonged
to
Fateima
Kadun
,
Mother
●
the
Vizir
Azem
or
Grand
Vizir
;
the
E●nuch
was
returning
to
Fateima
in
Candi●
where
that
Masculine
Lady
was
assisting
h●●
Son
with
a
care
and
activity
above
both
h●●
Age
and
her
Sex
.
All
the
Passengers
pa●●
great
respect
to
this
Eunuch
,
and
knowi●●
well
of
what
moment
the
countenance
and
protection
of
such
great
persons
are
,
and
of
what
importance
their
character
of
an
Officers
Conduct
;
seeing
him
so
brave
and
couragious
,
they
all
of
them
put
on
a
good
face
,
but
more
out
of
complaisance
and
design
upon
him
,
than
any
natural
valour
.
He
called
them
together
,
spake
to
them
with
his
Sword
naked
in
his
hand
,
and
his
Military
Oration
was
a
Prayer
:
Muselmen
(
said
he
)
This
is
the
day
of
Gods
infinite
Mercies
,
he
who
is
Lord
both
of
our
Alcoran
●nd
Time
:
Blessed
be
his
Omnipotent
Majesty
:
Who
knows
but
we
may
this
day
be
Martyrs
?
Methinks
his
Divine
Majesty
has
opened
the
eyes
of
his
Slave
,
and
I
see
five
thousand
Angels
drawn
out
and
ready
for
the
relief
of
every
Muselman
that
fights
couragiously
against
those
Infidel
Christians
:
Blessed
be
that
holy
Light
;
may
his
Mercy
,
his
Arms
,
and
the
Gates
of
Paradise
be
open
to
the
Soul
of
every
Muselman
that
dies
in
this
Combat
.
Let
us
not
put
off
the
preparation
of
our
souls
,
till
we
be
mortally
wounded
;
and
yet
of
this
we
may
be
certain
that
none
of
us
can
fall
,
till
God
Almighty
has
determined
our
days
.
Let
us
fight
then
couragiously
for
the
Glory
of
the
High
God!
Let
us
cast
our selves
,
and
repose
wholly
upon
the
strength
of
his
Arm
:
It
is
he
that
must
strengthen
,
't
is
he
that
must
inspire
us
;
and
doubtless
had
not
be
sided
with
us
in
this
War
with
the
Christians
,
we
could
never
have
conquered
so
many
Provinces
,
nor
saved
so
many
millions
of
Souls
.
Their
Officers
are
full
of
such
sort
of
sentences
taken
out
of
their
Azoares
,
which
is
as
much
as
to
say
,
the
Chapters
of
their
Alchoran
.
When
his
Speech
was
done
,
they
all
embraced
,
promised
amendment
of
their
Lives
;
and
an
Officer
of
the
Topigi
Bassi
,
or
Grand
Master
of
the
Artillery
,
who
had
had
formerly
some
quarrel
with
Amurat-Aga
,
came
to
him
,
asked
his
forgiveness
,
and
reconciled
himself
so
effectually
,
that
ever
since
they
have
been
the
best
,
and
most
sincere
friends
in
the
world
:
But
all
their
Devotions
were
lost
,
for
the
Christian
being
an
ill
sailer
,
and
finding
himself
unable
to
come
up
with
us
,
gave
us
over
,
and
tacked
about
towards
the
Archipelago
.
A
French
Renegade
of
Provence
,
that
was
aboard
us
,
told
us
,
the
Christians
were
gone
to
double
the
Cape
de
Grip
,
which
it
seems
is
a
phrase
among
the
Christian
Privateers
,
and
implys
that
they
are
Pirates
,
and
in
pursute
of
their
Calling
.
One
thing
I
was
much
amazed
at
in
our
great
Officer
of
the
Artillery
;
before
we
were
chased
by
the
Christian
Privateers
,
all
his
discourse
was
of
the
use
and
execution
of
Canon
,
how
excellently
he
could
manage
them
at
Sea
,
and
hit
his
mark
in
spite
of
the
tossing
and
agitation
of
the
waters
;
yet
when
it
came
to
the
Test
,
he
had
not
wit
enough
to
open
a
Port-hole
:
and
certainly
the
Turks
are
the
worst
Canoniers
in
the
world
,
and
the
most
unfit
to
manage
a
Sea-fight
:
You
may
judge
then
to
what
purpose
our
valour
would
have
been
.
We
had
in
our
Saique
a
young
Turk
not
above
three
years
old
,
carrying
by
his
Father
into
Candia
,
to
beg
a
boon
of
the
Grand
Vizir
;
the
Eunuch
,
upon
appearance
of
the
Christian
Corsaire
,
put
a
little
bow
in
his
hand
,
and
set
him
upon
the
Decks
to
threaten
the
Christian
,
incouraging
him
as
soon
as
they
came
within
distance
to
call
them
Giaours
,
(
as
well
as
he
could
)
by
way
of
provocation
and
defiance
.
Nor
is
it
a
new
thing
to
see
younger
Soldiers
than
he
in
the
Turkish
Armies
;
a
Child
,
of
what
age
so
ever
,
is
no
sooner
possessed
of
a
Ziamet
,
or
a
Timar
upon
the
death
of
his
Father
,
but
in
ostentation
and
complement
to
the
Grand
Signior
he
is
carried
to
the
Wars
:
I
saw
one
of
them
in
Hungary
carried
upon
a
Camel
in
a
Pannier
,
and
a
Goat
along
with
him
,
to
supply
the
young
Janizary
with
milk
;
and
the
Grand
Vizer
many
times
diverted
himself
with
him
.
The
Ziamets
and
Timars
are
certain
pieces
of
ground
that
the
victorious
Turks
have
taken
from
the
Clergy
and
Nobility
in
the
Countrys
that
they
have
conquered
,
which
Lands
being
confiscated
,
are
given
by
the
Grand
Signior
for
the
maintenance
of
some
Zaim
or
Timariot
;
Zaim
or
Timariot
being
the
Title
of
the
Man
,
and
Ziamet
or
Timar
the
appellation
of
the
ground
:
The
difference
betwixt
a
Ziamet
and
a
Timar
is
only
in
the
quantity
of
Acres
,
and
the
value
of
them
;
for
a
Ziamet
is
seldom
worth
less
than
twenty-thousand
Aspers
per
Annum
,
if
it
be
under
it
is
called
a
Timar
:
Twenty
thousand
Aspers
are
worth
about
seventeen
hundred
Lievers
French
Money
,
both
of
which
may
be
transferred
by
the
consent
of
the
Beglerby
,
or
Governour-General
of
the
Province
;
but
if
they
be
of
more
than
ordinary
value
,
and
lye
upon
the
Frontiers
,
they
belong
to
the
Grand
Vizer
,
and
cannot
be
transferred
but
by
his
approbation
.
The
young
Soldier
that
was
with
us
in
the
Saique
,
went
to
Candia
to
solicite
for
preferment
,
which
he
was
very
like
to
obtain
,
having
had
his
Father
and
two
Brothers
slain
in
the
Service
.
I
was
much
confounded
at
our
first
coming
on
board
to
find
that
Osman
Chelebi
gave
out
underhand
that
he
was
going
to
Candia
to
beg
the
same
Ziamet
from
that
young
Child
;
every
body
blamed
his
design
,
and
I
,
who
had
alwayes
an
Opinion
of
his
Prudence
,
thought
him
indiscreet
in
that
,
as
believing
the
Grand
Vizer
a
person
of
too
much
Justice
and
Consideration
to
give
it
away
from
a
person
whose
Relations
had
purchased
it
so
dearly
:
But
Osman
told
me
privately
his
design
was
upon
another
Ziamet
that
was
vacant
;
of
which
having
secret
notice
,
he
thought
fit
to
publish
his
pretences
to
the
other
,
to
prevent
solicitations
for
that
.
It
is
not
to
be
imagined
with
what
industry
and
cunning
the
Turks
do
pursue
those
kind
of
preferments
.
Only
the
Janizaries
are
excepted
,
as
being
uncapable
of
that
sort
of
preferment
.
One
would
have
thought
those
persons
who
design
upon
Benefices
in
France
have
learned
from
the
Ziams
and
Timariots
to
keep
their
scouts
in
the
Country
to
give
them
private
advertisement
of
Vacancies
.
In
Candia
the
Spahi's
(
who
are
in
some
favour
with
the
Grand
signior
)
are
very
diligent
in
informing
themselves
of
the
number
of
Zaims
and
Timariots
actually
in
service
,
and
have
alwayes
their
spies
in
ambushcade
upon
any
desperate
service
to
give
them
Lists
of
the
slain
,
that
they
may
imploy
all
their
interests
to
succeed
them
.
In
our
passage
I
understood
many
Intrigues
both
of
the
Ottoman
Court
and
the
Army
;
for
though
the
Turks
are
not
very
talkative
,
and
the
presence
of
the
Eunuch
made
them
careful
what
they
said
;
yet
the
Renegado
of
Provence
being
displeased
at
their
reservedness
,
and
not
yet
come
up
to
the
closeness
and
mortification
of
the
Turks
;
caused
them
to
talk
in
spight
of
their
teeths
.
He
was
come
lately
from
Larissa
,
and
some
of
them
were
very
inquisitive
about
Affairs
of
the
Court
;
for
my
own
part
I
spake
very
little
,
as
fearing
I
might
be
suspected
,
but
I
put
Osman
Chelebi
upon
asking
him
several
questions
that
gave
me
great
satisfaction
.
About
the
height
of
Cerigo
(
which
we
left
sixteen
or
eighteen
Leagues
to
the
West
)
we
met
a
Saique
that
came
on
board
us
:
She
had
been
at
Canea
with
Victuals
,
and
being
upon
her
return
,
gave
us
notice
that
the
Turks
expected
that
Town
would
be
suddenly
besieged
,
all
the
Christian
Fleets
being
united
in
order
to
that
design
.
Those
Turks
who
were
most
concerned
in
the
occurrences
of
the
War
,
arguing
among
themselves
about
the
preparation
of
the
Christians
,
could
not
imagine
they
would
attempt
the
Vizer
in
his
Camp
with
a
less
Army
than
50000
Men
:
of
which
number
all
their
Auxiliary
Troops
coming
much
short
,
they
concluded
the
design
of
the
Christians
would
be
rather
to
give
the
Candians
some
diversion
by
besieging
Rhodes
or
Canea
.
And
indeed
to
besiege
Canea
would
have
been
in
effect
to
have
besieged
the
Besiegers
,
and
force
the
Vizer
to
remove
lest
he
should
be
shut
up
in
the
Island
;
for
the
Conquest
of
that
Town
would
have
cut
off
his
communication
with
Morea
,
and
intercepted
his
supplies
.
But
't
is
a
private
Maxim
among
the
Venetians
,
not
to
be
long
obstinate
in
a
War
:
They
will
have
Peace
(
when
they
see
their
time
)
at
any
rate
,
and
accordingly
they
dispose
of
their
relief
.
We
believed
therefore
(
upon
this
Saiques
intelligence
)
that
before
we
should
get
there
,
Canea
would
be
blocked
up
;
whereupon
we
stood
off
as
far
as
we
could
,
steering
our
Course
to
the
S.
E.
to
put
in
at
Fraskia
which
lies
to
the
Southward
of
Cape
Sansona
about
nine
or
ten
Leagues
from
the
City
of
Candia
.
Being
got
within
five
Leagues
of
Fraskia
,
we
discovered
the
Mountains
covered
with
Snow
,
and
particularly
the
Mount
S.
Paul
.
Not
long
after
we
perceived
the
famous
Mountain
of
Jupiter
that
is
hard
by
Candie
.
We
passed
betwixt
the
Isles
of
Pelagia
and
Standia
,
which
lie
N.
E.
and
S.
W.
one
of
another
:
at
length
,
the
8.
of
May
,
we
came
to
an
Anchor
in
Fraskia
,
one
of
the
best
places
in
all
Candia
for
shelter
and
anchoring
:
at
present
there
is
very
good
Water
,
and
formerly
there
was
store
of
Wood
,
but
the
Siege
has
exhausted
it
:
'T
is
a
Port
very
commodious
for
the
Turks
,
but
yet
much
infested
by
the
Venetians
,
who
are
for
the
most
part
Cruising
on
that
side
,
because
though
on
the
other
side
Policastro
be
nearer
Candia
,
yet
there
is
no
anchoring
but
for
small
Vessels
.
From
Porto-Lione
,
or
if
you
will
,
from
Athens
to
Candia
,
is
much
the
same
distance
as
from
Brest
to
Haver
de
Grace
,
or
from
Marseille
to
Ligorn
,
that
is
to
say
about
90
Leagues
.
It
is
observable
that
the
stream
run●
strongly
upon
the
North
Coast
of
that
Island
,
and
is
caused
by
the
violence
of
the
Current
out
of
the
Archipelago
.
This
Isle
of
Candia
is
that
which
formerly
was
called
Crete
,
famous
for
the
nativity
of
Jupiter
,
whose
Sepulchre
is
to
be
seen
there
at
this
day
,
but
I
must
confess
I
did
not
see
it
.
The
Paganism
and
Piracy
of
this
Island
,
have
rendered
the
Inhabitants
equally
famous
,
and
Minos
their
King
was
the
first
who
made
them
considerable
at
Sea
.
It
is
situate
betwixt
34
and
35
degrees
of
Latitude
;
I
did
not
trouble
my self
to
examine
its
position
by
my
Instruments
;
and
besides
,
Osman
Chelebi
had
advised
me
not
to
discover
the
least
skill
in
Mathematicks
,
for
fear
I
might
be
taken
for
an
Engineer
or
a
spie
.
On
the
North-side
it
looks
towards
the
Isles
of
the
Archipelago
;
on
the
East
toward
Cyprus
;
on
the
South
toward
the
Country
of
Barca
;
and
on
the
West
towards
Sicily
.
'T
is
something
larger
than
Cyprus
,
but
lesser
than
Sicily
:
Its
length
from
E.
to
W.
that
is
to
say
,
from
Cape
Solomon
to
Cape
des
Gabarouses
is
about
70
Leagues
:
Its
breadth
from
Cape
Sansona
to
the
Port
of
Girotela
,
is
something
more
than
20
Leagues
.
About
144
years
before
Christ
,
Metellus
subdued
it
to
the
Romans
,
after
which
it
was
a
part
of
the
Eastern
Empire
:
eight
hundred
and
forty
three
years
since
,
it
was
Conquered
by
the
Sarazins
:
two
hundred
years
after
,
it
was
taken
from
them
by
the
Genoeses
:
next
it
fell
under
the
domination
of
the
French
when
they
conquered
Constantinople
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Baldwin
.
The
new
Emperour
settled
it
afterwards
upon
the
Venetian
for
what
they
had
contributed
to
his
Conquests
,
and
they
have
enjoyed
it
about
464
years
.
Since
the
Year
1645
,
the
Turks
having
taken
Canea
(
called
anciently
Sidonia
)
it
has
been
much
infested
by
them
;
and
this
is
like
to
be
a
critical
year
,
for
God
knows
who
will
be
Master
of
it
before
the
year
be
out
.
The
humour
of
the
Candians
is
very
justly
described
by
St.
Paul
,
Cretenses
semper
mendaces
,
malae
bestiae
,
ventres
pigri
,
testimonium
hoc
verum
est
.
We
could
not
any
way
more
certainly
provoke
their
Calogers
(
for
they
follow
the
Greek
Church
)
than
by
repeating
the
words
of
St.
Paul
in
Greek
.
Their
Prophet
,
mentioned
by
St.
Paul
,
was
the
great
Philosopher
Epimenides
,
who
was
invited
by
Solon
into
Candia
,
to
digest
,
with
him
,
those
Laws
which
he
gave
afterwards
to
the
City
of
Athens
,
where
Epimenides
erected
several
Altars
to
the
unknown
God
.
We
were
no
sooner
on
Shore
at
Fraskia
,
but
ten
or
twelve
Spahi
or
Horsemen
came
up
galloping
to
examine
us
;
for
since
the
report
of
the
approach
of
the
Christian
succours
,
they
keep
exact
Watch
upon
the
Coast
,
and
having
but
few
Cavalry
in
their
Camp
,
the
greatest
part
are
distributed
upon
the
Roads
,
and
near
all
the
Harbours
in
the
Island
,
but
in
such
Parties
add
Brigades
,
that
they
could
easily
unite
and
march
according
to
their
signals
from
their
Sentinels
,
which
were
placed
all
along
the
Rocks
upon
the
Coast
.
In
the
Town
of
Fraskia
we
found
nothing
but
rubbish
;
the
Venetians
having
sacked
it
themselves
,
and
demolished
a
Mo●astery
of
Calogers
not
far
from
the
Port
;
however
we
staid
3
or
4
hours
in
those
ruines
and
the
next
day
we
saw
several
Vessels
come
in
thither
with
recruits
of
Janizaries
and
Spahi's
.
The
old
standing
body
of
Janizaries
consists
at
present
of
30000
men
(
twice
the
number
it
was
in
its
primitive
institution
)
besides
what
assume
that
●itle
in
the
Garrisons
of
that
vast
Empire
,
who
are
thought
to
be
rather
more
than
●00000
.
Of
these
30000
established
Janizaries
,
there
are
near
20000
in
Candia
at
present
,
the
rest
remain
in
Constantinople
(
to
secure
the
Grand
Signiors
Brothers
)
●nd
at
Larissa
to
attend
upon
his
person
:
●ut
not
a
third
part
of
them
that
ever
had
●een
Agemoglans
,
or
Christians
Children
;
●any
Renegado's
and
natural
Turks
being
●dmitted
daily
into
their
numbers
,
besides
●he
Pastors
from
Asia
,
with
whom
they
are
●leased
to
dispence
for
four
or
five
months
●ervice
in
the
Seraglio
,
instead
of
an
Apprentiship
that
they
should
serve
in
other
places
.
When
a
Chorbachi
or
Captain
has
a
Commission
for
raising
a
Company
in
any
City
or
Town
,
the
Sangiac
Bey
or
Cadi
,
places
a
Chiaoux
,
or
some
other
Officer
at
the
door
of
their
Mosco
,
or
else
in
the
Market-place
,
and
makes
proclamation
that
so
many
Soldiers
are
to
be
listed
:
If
they
come
not
in
freely
,
the
Cadi
(
knowing
the
number
of
every
Family
)
sends
to
them
and
commands
whom
he
lists
,
sometimes
every
second
Man
as
occasion
requires
.
In
the
same
manner
they
raise
their
Belonk
Spahi's
or
common
Troopers
,
distinguishing
them
from
their
Timar
Spahi's
,
who
are
obliged
to
maintain
themselves
upon
their
Timar●
or
Ziamets
.
Those
recruits
which
we
saw
at
Fraskia
,
were
of
these
Belonk
Spahi's
●
for
the
other
sort
are
never
recruited
▪
Their
arms
are
a
Saber
or
Sword
,
a
Zaga●
or
Launce
,
a
Giled
or
Javelin
,
and
a
Bo●
and
Arrows
;
for
none
but
Janizaries
Az●pes
,
and
Forlorn-Hopes
are
permitted
to
ca●ry
Muskets
.
They
have
commonly
fif●●
Arrows
in
a
Quiver
,
and
every
Arrow
co●●
two
Aspers
,
which
is
something
more
th●●
a
Penny
.
The
whole
Accoutrement
,
Bo●●
and
Quiver
,
and
Arrows
,
costs
1440
Aspe●●
which
in
French
money
is
about
37
Live●
and
upwards
,
and
these
are
all
furnished
at
the
Grand
Signior's
charge
.
Some
of
their
Quivers
are
so
richly
imbroidered
and
adorned
,
that
they
cost
4
or
500
Franks
alone
.
Their
best
Arrows
are
made
at
Caire
.
The
Officers
imployed
for
recruits
,
use
the
same
artifice
as
they
do
in
France
,
inveigling
their
men
with
hopes
of
making
some
Brigadiers
,
others
sub-Brigadiers
,
and
●ll
Commanders
.
Not
one
of
these
new
●aised
Spahi's
but
was
promised
to
be
incorporated
with
the
Silhataris
,
or
Spaha●glaris
,
which
two
are
of
six
sorts
of
their
Cavalry
the
most
considerable
,
as
being
●tanding
Forces
,
and
duly
paid
out
of
the
Exchequer
;
the
meanest
,
twelve
Aspers
a
●ay
,
and
those
that
are
brave
and
do
any
●hing
remarkable
,
a
hundred
:
So
that
not
●
man
of
these
new
Spahi
could
talk
of
any
●hing
but
of
the
Yellow
Colours
which
is
the
●tandard
of
the
Silhataris
;
or
the
Red
Co●ours
which
is
the
Standard
of
the
Spaha
O●aris
.
When
in
truth
they
were
designed
for
●e
lowest
of
the
six
sort
of
Cavalry
,
never
●ised
but
upon
extraordinary
necessity
,
and
●ivided
into
four
Squadrons
.
One
carries
White
and
Red
Colours
,
another
White
and
●ellow
,
the
third
Green
,
and
the
fourth
White
,
under
the
Titles
of
Houlefigi
,
Solk
●●uleifi
,
Solk
Hourebak
,
and
Sak
Kourebak
.
We
could
not
find
the
least
convenience
to
convey
either
our
old
or
young
people
to
the
Camp
;
all
the
Islanders
being
retired
to
the
Mountains
with
their
Cattel
,
so
that
we
were
glad
to
make
use
of
our
feet
.
Upon
our
left
hand
we
left
Policastro
standing
upon
a
Rock
on
the
Shore
,
and
passed
a
small
River
called
Armiro
,
to
Cazal
de
Gangra
,
which
we
found
burned
down
to
the
ground
.
We
heard
the
thundring
of
the
Canon
,
and
though
till
within
half
a
league
of
Gangra
we
had
passed
pretty
well
without
any
dismal
conceptions
of
the
War
,
yet
then
we
began
to
understand
better
,
and
had
no
need
of
direction
in
our
way
to
the
Leaguer
.
We
could
easily
gues●
where
it
was
,
by
the
thick
smoke
that
was
raised
by
springing
the
Mines
about
the
Fort
of
St.
Andrew
which
was
directly
before
us
:
the
Grand
Vizer's
Quarters
was
just
in
our
way
.
Then
it
was
I
began
to
fancy
my self
in
Turky
,
and
to
prepare
my self
to
behold
the
splendour
of
the
Ottoman
Court
,
and
the
terrour
of
the
East
●
and
doubtless
the
whole
force
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
was
assembled
in
that
siege
.
●●
would
have
been
in
vain
either
at
Constantinople
,
Adrianople
or
Larissa
it self
to
hav●
sought
the
soul
that
acted
this
great
body
▪
The
absoluteness
of
the
Grand
Vizer
,
th●
courage
of
his
Troops
,
and
the
gravity
of
his
Counsel
might
well
pass
for
the
Grandeur
of
the
whole
Empire
.
It
is
here
therefore
I
must
take
the
liberty
to
give
a
general
character
of
their
present
State
,
and
particularly
of
their
great
General
who
commands
it
,
for
't
is
not
possible
to
think
of
Candia
,
but
the
Turks
and
their
whole
Government
will
immediately
occur
to
our
reflexion
.
To
give
a
deeper
impression
of
the
greatness
of
this
Prince
,
we
cannot
proceed
better
than
by
considering
the
number
and
quality
of
the
persons
who
tremble
at
his
displeasure
:
apply
it
if
you
please
to
the
immense
Power
of
the
Sultan
when
he
makes
any
great
preparation
:
Malta
trembles
,
Spain
is
fearful
for
his
Kingdoms
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
the
Venetian
anxious
for
what
he
holds
in
Greece
,
Dalmatia
and
Friul
;
the
Germans
apprehensive
for
what
remains
to
them
in
Hungary
;
Poland
is
alarmed
,
and
the
consternation
passes
on
as
far
as
Moscovie
,
and
(
not
resting
there
)
expands
its
self
to
the
Christian
Princes
in
Gonrgistan
and
Mingrelie
:
Persia
,
Arabia
,
the
Abissins
,
are
all
in
confusion
,
whilst
neither
Man
nor
Woman
,
nor
Beast
in
all
this
vast
Tract
,
but
looks
out
for
refuge
till
they
be
certain
whither
his
great
Force
is
intended
.
A
strange
torrent
,
that
runs
with
that
rapidity
from
Spain
to
Persia
,
from
Germany
to
Aethiopia
:
Vienna
in
Austria
,
and
Tartach
near
the
Kingdom
of
Aden
are
become
Neighbours
;
and
what
say
you
of
two
of
his
Neighbours
that
have
alwayes
been
at
more
than
thirteen
hundred
leagues
distance
?
you
have
not
often
heard
of
such
prodigious
vicinity
:
And
yet
for
all
this
,
there
being
nothing
so
strange
as
the
destiny
of
the
Sultans
,
who
in
this
latter
Age
have
governed
this
puissant
Empire
,
it
will
not
be
impertinent
to
explain
it
by
the
History
of
Mahomet
the
fourth
the
present
Emperour
.
Sultan
Achmet
,
Grandfather
to
this
Mahomet
IV
,
died
in
the
year
1617.
and
left
five
Sons
.
Osman
,
Amurath
,
Orcan
,
Bajazet
and
Ibrahim
:
Of
these
five
Brothers
,
four
were
strangled
,
and
two
of
them
after
they
were
Emperours
,
that
is
to
say
,
Osman
and
Ibrahim
.
Osman
succeeded
to
the
Empire
1617
,
and
was
cut
off
by
his
Rebelliou●
Subjects
in
the
year
1621.
Amurath
succeeded
him
,
(
for
the
Reign
of
his
Uncle
Mustapha
is
reckoned
for
nothing
)
and
having
taken
Bagdat
(
commonly
called
Babylon
)
was
the
only
person
of
the
five
tha●
died
a
natural
death
.
Orcan
and
Bajazet
were
murdered
by
him
,
according
to
the
barbarous
policy
of
those
Emperours
;
and
yet
as
bloody
as
he
was
,
he
spared
Ibrahim
,
looking
upon
him
as
a
weak
person
,
and
by
consequence
not
dangerous
.
Amurath
dying
upon
his
debauches
in
1640.
Ibrahim
,
Father
to
Mahomet
IV
,
was
advanced
to
the
Throne
,
and
his
destiny
(
attending
till
he
was
Emperour
,
before
it
would
suffer
him
to
fall
)
left
him
over
to
the
cruelty
of
his
Janizaries
,
who
in
a
Mutiny
strangled
him
in
the
midst
of
Constantinople
in
the
year
1648.
His
Son
Mahomet
IV
,
being
but
seven
years
old
,
was
received
to
the
Crown
,
and
is
the
present
Emperour
1669.
having
had
in
his
Family
three
Uncles
,
and
his
own
Father
strangled
.
Ibrahim
,
though
plunged
in
the
delights
of
the
Seraglio
,
more
than
any
of
his
Predecessors
,
formed
his
design
against
Christendom
in
the
year
1644
,
being
provoked
by
the
Chevalier
de
Bois-Baudran
a
French-man
,
who
was
at
that
time
at
Sea
in
a
ship
of
Malta
,
and
happened
to
intercept
a
great
Gallion
which
the
Sultan
had
sent
for
Aegypt
laden
with
very
rïch
Presents
intended
for
Meccha
:
There
were
also
several
Turkish
Women
of
Quality
,
and
a
young
Boy
that
many
believed
was
Ibrahim's
Son
:
The
Boy
was
Christened
in
Malta
1656
,
and
in
1658
took
upon
himself
the
habit
of
a
Jacobin
under
the
name
of
Dominik
Othoman
.
The
noise
of
this
loss
alarmed
Ibrahim
in
his
Seraglio
,
and
incensed
him
so
highly
,
that
the
next
year
he
fell
upon
Canea
.
How
formidable
then
ought
the
ambition
and
puissance
of
the
Turks
be
,
when
the
softest
and
most
effeminate
of
their
Princes
durst
undertake
so
dangerous
a
War
,
upon
so
small
an
occasion
?
Ibrahim
died
four
years
after
he
had
begun
that
War
,
and
left
four
Sons
,
and
several
Daughters
:
His
Sons
were
Mahomet
IV
,
Soliman
,
Bajazet
and
Orcan
:
These
four
Princes
were
by
three
several
Women
,
Sultan
Mahomet's
Mother
is
alive
at
this
day
,
and
called
in
honour
Validè
Sultan
,
which
is
as
much
as
to
say
the
Sultanness
Dowager
;
Bajazet
and
Orcan
are
by
another
,
and
their
Mother
is
likewise
alive
;
but
the
Mother
of
Soliman
is
dead
:
Soliman
is
second
by
birth
,
a
hopeful
Prince
,
and
Bajazet
as
forward
as
he
,
which
recommends
them
highly
to
the
Janizaries
;
Orcan
is
of
another
genius
,
more
addicted
to
Piety
and
Religion
,
and
therefore
,
as
the
Turks
say
,
good
for
nothing
but
a
Priest
;
but
't
is
possible
his
dulness
and
devotion
is
but
a
pretence
to
keep
him
from
strangling
by
taking
away
all
suspicion
from
the
Emperour
,
or
rather
from
the
Grand
Vizer
who
Governs
all
at
present
,
and
whose
interest
it
is
not
to
endure
any
active
or
turbulent
Princes
,
lest
they
should
eclipse
,
and
perhaps
ruine
his
Fortune
.
Mahomet
IV.
has
a
scar
in
his
face
,
which
scar
he
received
from
his
Father
the
last
year
of
his
Reign
;
and
the
occasion
was
thus
,
This
young
Prince
was
brought
up
in
the
Seraglio
among
the
she-slaves
,
where
till
they
are
about
twelve
years
old
,
the
Chez-adde
are
generally
brought
up
;
Chez-adde
is
the
name
given
to
all
the
Sultan's
Sons
whilst
their
Father
is
living
.
Mahomet
was
alwayes
in
the
Arms
of
the
fair
Odaliques
;
and
she
who
caressed
him
most
,
be
would
be
sure
to
be
withal
:
They
would
make
him
talk
a
thousand
smart
things
,
sometimes
against
one
,
sometimes
against
another
,
as
quarrels
arose
among
them
,
(
and
their
jealousie
would
seldom
suffer
them
to
be
long
without
)
with
this
custom
of
pra●ing
freely
among
the
Women
,
the
Boy
got
a
habit
of
speaking
sharp
things
.
Ibrahim
being
one
day
walking
in
the
Garden
of
the
Seraglio
,
caused
two
of
those
Mutes
,
called
Bizchami
to
dance
before
him
;
those
Bizchami
must
be
Negro's
and
Eunuchs
,
or
they
cannot
be
admitted
into
that
private
apartment
.
It
is
a
custom
,
when
the
Sultan
has
been
pleased
with
any
divertisement
,
to
present
those
who
entertained
him
;
and
all
persons
at
that
time
about
the
Sultan
,
do
constantly
do
it
.
Ibrahim
,
the
Keslar-Agasi
and
the
Odaliques
,
presented
the
Mutes
immediately
,
which
being
neglected
by
the
young
Prince
,
(
though
to
that
purpose
one
of
the
Odaliques
had
thrust
some
pieces
of
Gold
into
his
hand
)
Ibrahim
was
angry
,
and
turning
to
him
,
demanded
why
he
did
not
present
the
Mutes
as
other
people
had
done
;
because
,
said
the
young
Prince
very
briskly
,
I
am
not
so
much
a
fool
as
other
people
;
the
sharpness
of
his
answer
put
Ibrahim
into
a
passion
;
in
the
heat
of
which
,
forgetting
the
Ring
upon
his
finger
,
he
struck
him
with
his
hand
so
hard
upon
his
face
,
that
his
Diamond
cut
the
skin
,
and
left
a
scar
that
is
to
be
seen
at
this
day
.
The
Keslar-Agasi
carried
away
the
Child
immediately
with
the
blood
running
about
his
face
,
and
roaring
as
loud
as
if
he
had
been
killed
:
The
passion
of
the
Emperour
being
over
,
and
he
much
troubled
at
what
he
had
done
,
ran
after
the
Child
,
and
in
such
hast
,
that
not
minding
where
he
went
,
he
tumbled
into
a
Fountain
that
was
in
his
way
;
which
accident
doubling
the
confusion
,
the
Odaliques
that
were
thronging
after
the
Child
,
came
back
,
and
pulled
the
Sultan
out
of
the
water
.
The
Sultan
Mahomet
is
of
a
tender
and
delicate
complexion
,
but
he
manages
it
very
ill
.
The
Malecontents
(
who
are
very
numerous
in
that
Country
)
call
him
in
derision
the
Hunts-man
or
Aviegi
.
He
takes
great
delight
in
the
noise
of
Canon
,
and
has
them
often
shot
off
only
for
his
entertainment
.
He
shoots
very
well
both
with
the
Bow
and
the
Musket
:
He
is
very
couragious
,
and
extreamly
desirous
to
be
in
person
with
his
Army
,
whatever
the
Christians
publish
to
the
contrary
,
imagining
that
his
great
affection
to
hunting
,
and
his
propensity
to
the
pleasures
of
Women
,
makes
him
apprehensive
of
the
hazards
of
War
.
Would
his
Council
have
permitted
it
,
he
had
been
long
since
in
Candia
;
such
was
his
zeal
to
be
in
the
Army
,
that
he
threatned
oftentimes
to
steal
to
them
in
disguise
;
and
when
being
a
hunting
,
he
was
at
any
time
lost
,
and
failed
to
return
at
his
accustomed
hours
,
the
whole
Court
was
afraid
he
had
given
them
the
slip
:
But
besides
that
his
being
in
the
field
would
have
eclipsed
the
Glory
of
the
Vizer
,
and
rendered
him
of
less
importance
to
his
affairs
;
the
absence
of
the
Sultan
,
and
the
dangers
to
which
he
would
have
been
exposed
,
would
have
enhaunced
the
courage
of
the
Malecontents
,
and
such
who
having
been
instrumental
in
the
murther
of
his
Father
,
were
afraid
of
his
revenge
,
and
did
ardently
desire
his
death
.
The
Turks
will
tell
you
wonders
of
his
Wit
:
But
every
Nation
cryes
up
the
vivacity
of
their
Prince
;
This
is
most
certain
,
he
had
for
his
Tutor
a
person
called
Vani
Effendi
,
one
that
passes
for
so
worthy
and
so
learned
a
Man
,
that
if
any
one
pretends
to
extraordinary
Judgement
or
Sagacity
in
any
thing
,
the
Turks
by
way
of
Irony
will
tell
him
,
Yes
,
you
are
wiser
,
and
understand
more
than
Vani
Effendi
.
Among
all
the
Brothers
of
the
Sultan
,
the
Peoples
eyes
are
fixt
most
strongly
upon
Soliman
,
whose
Mother
being
dead
,
has
procured
him
the
compassion
of
the
Army
more
than
any
of
the
rest
,
and
by
consequence
exposed
him
more
to
the
jealousie
of
the
Sultan
,
who
had
like
to
have
stabbed
him
with
his
dagger
at
Adrianople
in
the
year
1666.
some
months
before
the
Grand
Vizer
went
for
Candia
,
where
he
has
continued
ever
since
:
The
particulars
you
shall
have
hereafter
.
Since
that
accident
the
Janizaries
have
taken
a
greater
care
of
the
lives
of
Soliman
and
his
Brothers
,
and
by
an
action
as
couragious
as
prudent
,
have
put
them
under
the
tuition
of
the
Sultaness
Validè
the
Mother
of
Mahomet
,
but
with
caution
that
she
be
responsible
for
them
,
though
they
do
well
understand
that
she
would
sacrifice
them
all
to
the
interest
of
the
Sultan
:
And
indeed
nothing
can
be
more
strange
than
to
see
the
Sheep
committed
to
the
custody
of
the
Wolf
.
This
Sultaness
is
a
Lady
of
great
Magnanimity
and
Spirit
.
In
the
beginning
of
her
Sons
Reign
she
caused
the
old
Validè
widow
to
Achmet
to
be
strangled
.
That
old
Lady
was
an
ambitious
Woman
,
who
to
keep
her self
in
the
Supreme
Conduct
of
Affairs
fomented
the
division
betwixt
the
Spahi
and
the
Janizaries
,
who
were
the
death
of
her
Son
Ibrahim
.
The
Sultan
Mahomet
has
had
two
Sons
besides
Daughters
,
his
eldest
Son
died
,
and
was
a
Child
of
great
hopes
:
The
Mother
of
the
young
Prince
is
dead
also
,
and
much
lamented
by
all
the
Officers
of
the
Seraglio
for
her
extraordinary
bounty
.
She
was
exceedingly
beautiful
,
but
her
Countrey
and
Extraction
were
never
known
;
she
was
taken
and
brought
away
by
the
Tartars
when
she
was
but
four
years
old
,
and
in
a
short
time
sold
to
a
Bassa
,
who
designed
her
immediately
for
the
pleasures
of
the
Emperour
,
and
brought
her
up
accordingly
.
'T
is
true
,
the
Tartars
are
obliged
by
express
order
from
the
Grand
Signior
to
ke●●
an
exact
Register
of
what
Slaves
they
take
either
of
one
Sex
or
the
other
,
of
their
age
,
their
names
,
and
their
Country
,
thereby
to
justifie
that
they
have
brought
away
none
of
the
Grand
Signiors
Subjects
,
which
before
that
Order
they
did
frequently
do
▪
These
Tories
bring
to
Constantinople
sometimes
thirty
,
sometimes
forty
of
these
poor
Girles
,
all
of
an
age
,
but
of
different
Countries
;
being
arrived
there
,
their
first
business
is
to
renounce
their
Christianity
,
and
take
upon
them
the
Mahumetan
Religion
;
after
which
the
Tartar
gives
in
his
Register
;
and
receives
his
discharge
from
the
Cadi
:
But
their
Register
is
not
regarded
when
they
are
gone
,
and
by
consequence
the
Countrey
,
Pedigree
,
and
all
other
circumstances
of
their
Slaves
quickly
forgotten
,
so
as
it
is
but
seldom
known
from
whence
their
great
beauties
come
.
By
consent
of
all
Travellers
,
there
is
no
Countrey
in
the
World
produces
so
fine
Women
as
Circassia
,
a
Countrey
in
Asia
upon
the
Mer
major
betwixt
the
lesser
Tartars
and
Gourgiston
.
It
is
death
for
a
Christian
to
buy
a
Circassian
Slave
,
the
Turks
reserving
them
for
themselves
;
but
when
they
are
brought
into
the
Seraglio
,
and
grow
eminent
for
their
Beauty
,
their
friends
will
quickly
find
out
the
place
of
their
Nativity
,
and
in
flattery
pronounce
them
Circassians
,
so
much
has
that
Countrey
the
reputation
for
bringing
forth
the
most
excellent
Beauties
.
Thus
the
charms
of
this
Lady
discovering
her
birth
,
gave
occasion
to
all
about
her
to
perswade
her
she
was
a
Circassian
,
and
she
was
pleased
with
it
so
well
,
that
she
would
smile
,
and
be
much
delighted
when
they
called
her
so
.
Sultan
Mahomet
has
now
but
one
Son
,
about
five
years
of
age
,
born
in
the
year
1664.
but
he
has
yet
no
name
,
for
he
was
not
Circumcised
:
The
Mother
of
the
said
Prince
was
a
Greek
of
Candia
,
and
born
in
Petrino
,
where
,
when
she
was
very
young
,
she
was
taken
and
made
a
slave
in
the
year
1647.
when
the
said
Town
was
subdued
,
and
plundered
by
the
Turks
.
She
has
at
this
time
a
great
Belly
,
and
follows
the
Sultan
where
ever
he
goes
,
and
he
loves
her
very
passionately
.
She
is
reported
to
be
very
handsom
,
though
a
little
disfigured
with
the
small
Pox.
It
is
thought
she
will
suddenly
remove
from
Larissa
to
Constantinople
,
to
lye
in
near
the
Sultana
Validè
,
who
,
as
I
said
before
,
continues
in
that
City
to
have
an
eye
over
the
Sultans
three
Brothers
,
and
to
keep
the
Spahi
and
Janizaries
at
variance
.
The
present
Favourite
Sultana
,
is
by
the
Turks
called
commonly
Assaki
,
or
Mistris
to
the
Prince
.
She
is
very
jealous
of
the
Sultan
,
and
in
the
year
1667.
caused
at
Adrianople
a
young
Georgion
Damoisel
to
be
strangled
,
because
the
Emperour
began
to
delight
in
her
company
.
My
description
of
these
particularities
in
the
Ottoman
Affairs
,
would
be
very
imperfect
,
should
I
not
give
you
some
general
hint
of
their
Matters
of
State
,
by
giving
you
an
account
in
two
words
of
the
two
last
Vizers
,
or
Chief
Ministers
;
and
this
i●
of
the
more
importance
,
because
Ibrahim
and
his
Son
Mahomet
have
as
it
were
associated
their
Vizers
in
their
Empire
,
or
rather
contented
themselves
with
a
vain
hereditary
title
,
to
leave
to
their
Vizers
an
Authority
so
absolute
and
vast
,
that
by
way
of
inversion
the
two
Sultans
might
be
called
,
and
not
improperly
,
their
two
Ministers
chief
Slaves
.
Gioan
Capigi
Bachi
by
a
good
fortune
peculiar
to
his
house
,
was
the
seventh
Vizer
of
his
Family
,
though
that
honour
never
descended
immediately
from
Father
to
Son
,
as
it
has
done
of
late
in
the
Family
that
possesses
it
now
.
Gioan
Capigi
Bachi
Governed
without
controule
during
the
animosity
betwixt
the
Spahi's
and
the
Janizaries
;
but
the
story
of
this
Vizer
,
of
Salik
,
Pacha
,
and
the
rest
being
either
obsolete
or
well
known
to
you
already
,
I
shall
only
give
you
a
touch
of
Coprogli
Mehemet
Pacha
who
was
Vizer
during
the
minority
of
Mahomet
IV
,
and
speak
afterwards
of
his
Son
Coprogli
Achmet
Pacha
who
commands
at
present
in
Candia
,
and
governs
the
whole
affairs
of
the
Empire
with
great
authority
and
reputation
.
Coprogli
Mehemet
Pacha
was
made
Vizer
1653
,
when
the
Sultan
Mahomet
was
entring
into
the
Twelfth
year
of
his
age
:
He
had
been
Sangiac
Bey
of
Baruth
a
City
in
Syria
,
to
the
South
of
Mount
Libanus
.
Those
Governments
are
bought
,
and
he
of
the
Competitors
who
bids
most
,
does
usually
carry
them
:
Their
way
of
bidding
is
by
Purses
,
and
he
who
gives
the
Sultan
most
Purses
is
the
man
:
every
Purse
is
reckoned
worth
five
hundred
Crowns
.
You
may
ea●y
imagine
that
this
way
of
selling
the
chief
Offices
of
State
,
redounds
more
to
the
prejudice
and
oppression
of
the
people
,
than
the
profit
of
the
Prince
,
for
the
Officer
will
be
sure
to
make
himself
whole
at
their
cost
whom
he
governs
,
and
the
Prince
cannot
in
equity
reprove
him
.
At
the
end
of
three
years
(
which
is
the
common
duration
of
those
Sangiacats
)
Coprogli
not
having
been
able
to
pay
all
the
money
to
the
Emperour
for
which
he
had
contracted
,
was
a
fair
way
to
have
lost
his
head
,
had
it
not
been
for
the
friendship
of
some
in
the
Divan
or
Council
of
State
,
who
obtained
for
him
the
Government
of
Alepo
to
see
how
that
would
inable
him
;
but
he
was
no
happier
there
than
where
he
was
before
,
or
rather
he
was
no
more
corrupt
or
exacting
,
for
the
people
do
magnifie
him
for
his
moderation
;
but
that
is
not
so
good
as
ready
money
with
the
Turks
,
especially
now
a-days
,
when
the
whole
Treasure
of
that
Prince
is
nothing
but
the
fruit
of
Violence
and
Extortion
.
He
returned
to
the
Port
unable
to
pay
those
Purses
which
he
ought
to
the
Grand
Signor
as
before
:
The
Tefterdar
or
Super-Intendent
of
the
Finances
,
caused
him
to
be
arrested
,
and
he
was
made
close
Prisoner
with
several
other
Officers
of
Quality
accused
of
corruption
;
who
taking
the
imprisonment
of
Coprogli
for
a●
evidence
of
his
ill
principles
,
entred
into
a
strict
intimacy
with
him
.
Coprogli
was
cunning
,
and
to
fish
them
,
pretended
to
impart
to
them
certain
of
his
own
counterfeit
exorbitances
,
whereby
he
drew
then
into
such
a
confidence
as
prevailed
with
them
to
discover
to
him
all
that
they
had
really
done
.
The
Keslar-Agasi
(
who
at
that
time
had
a
great
share
in
the
publick
Affairs
,
and
the
Caimacan
or
Lieutenant
Generalship
of
the
Vizer
)
came
many
times
to
interrogate
the
Prisoners
,
by
order
from
the
Sultana
Validè
.
Upon
occasion
,
the
Keslar-Agasi
having
some
private
discourse
with
Coprogli
,
Coprogli
told
him
as
a
secret
,
that
if
he
would
be
a
means
to
procure
his
liberty
,
he
had
an
infallible
way
to
fill
the
Sultan's
Treasury
.
The
Keslar-Agasi
found
him
to
be
a
man
of
parts
,
and
recommended
him
so
effectually
to
the
Validè
,
that
he
was
not
only
discharged
but
the
very
same
day
made
Vizer
Azem
,
that
he
might
be
invested
with
a
character
requisite
for
tak●ng
an
account
of
the
Finances
.
And
those
revolutions
are
frequent
in
Turkie
,
where
a
man
often
transmigrates
from
an
inferiour
condition
to
the
highest
.
This
new
Mini●ter
was
not
advanced
two
days
to
his
dig●ity
,
but
he
called
before
him
above
twen●y
of
those
Officers
with
whom
he
had
been
●
fellow
prisoner
,
and
in
that
condition
,
●een
made
privy
to
all
their
corruption
;
●pon
their
own
confession
he
seized
upon
●ll
they
had
,
and
when
he
had
done
,
in
a
●
large
Hall
through
which
the
Sultan
did
●ften
pass
,
he
caused
all
the
money
that
he
●ad
taken
from
those
Prisoners
to
be
put
up
into
Bags
,
and
disposed
upon
a
Table
covered
over
with
a
Cloth
,
under
which
there
appeared
to
be
something
else
.
He
attended
the
Sultan's
coming
by
,
and
the
young
Prince
having
pleased
himself
very
well
with
surveying
the
Bags
,
taking
up
the
Cloth
in
expectation
to
have
found
more
underneath
,
he
saw
about
twenty
heads
reeking
in
blood
as
being
newly
cut
off
.
The
Sultan
amazed
at
the
sight
,
demanded
whose
they
were
,
and
what
they
did
there
▪
The
Vizer
replyed
,
They
are
vomiting
up
the
blood
of
your
Subjects
,
which
your
Majesty
will
find
in
those
Bags
,
for
that
is
nothing
but
the
money
which
they
have
robbed
;
but
they
are
not
like
to
do
so
again
.
This
was
an
odd
way
of
proceeding
but
he
was
more
sanguinary
,
and
governed
with
much
more
severity
than
his
Son
▪
He
had
one
of
his
teeth
that
stuck
out
o●
his
mouth
like
a
Bore's
Tush
,
and
frighted
people
to
look
opon
it
.
He
was
a
grea●
lover
of
Wine
,
and
laught
at
all
Religiou●
scruples
thereupon
;
but
in
that
he
was
quit
contrary
to
his
Son
,
who
abhors
it
abor●
all
Liquors
.
The
great
design
of
this
Vizer
was
to
a●vance
the
authority
of
his
Master
,
muc●
diminished
by
the
frequent
seditions
of
th●
Janizaries
,
whose
insolence
he
endeavou●ed
to
repress
for
the
security
of
his
own
fortunes
as
well
as
for
the
Sultan's
advantage
.
The
Janizaries
instead
of
being
satiated
with
the
blood
of
Ibrahim
,
taking
encouragement
from
the
youth
of
Sultan
Mahomet
,
and
the
weakness
of
his
former
Ministers
,
(
of
whom
they
had
either
strangled
or
deposed
the
greatest
part
)
refused
the
service
in
Candia
upon
pretence
of
certain
priviledges
that
exempted
them
from
any
service
at
Sea
;
but
the
truth
is
,
they
were
afraid
to
trust
themselves
so
far
from
Constantinople
,
where
they
were
quartered
conveniently
,
and
had
their
Cabals
constantly
in
their
Oda's
;
and
indeed
that
was
the
great
consideration
that
kept
the
Grand
Signior
from
returning
to
Constantinople
.
Coprogli
was
constrained
to
interrupt
his
progress
in
Candia
;
but
to
find
the
Janizaries
work
where
they
could
not
excuse
themselves
,
and
which
he
was
sure
would
revenge
his
Master
upon
those
mutinous
Cattel
,
he
took
opportunity
from
the
ambitious
projects
of
Ragoteki
,
Hospodar
or
Prince
of
Transilvania
,
who
contrary
to
the
orders
of
the
Port
,
had
made
War
upon
Poland
,
and
entred
privately
into
confederacy
with
the
Swedes
.
Hereupon
the
Vizer
sent
into
Transilvania
the
old
Bands
of
the
Janizaries
,
and
all
the
most
turbulent
Officers
among
them
;
most
of
which
were
cut
off
either
at
the
taking
of
Waradin
,
or
in
the
several
skirmishes
of
Ragoteki
.
Afterwards
they
were
forced
to
raise
their
Siege
from
before
Clausembourg
(
the
usual
residence
of
the
Hospodars
)
but
however
that
Enterprize
proved
ineffectual
,
it
devoured
many
of
their
best
men
.
The
affairs
of
Transilvania
gave
some
respite
to
the
Wars
in
Candia
.
Every
Bassa
that
was
sent
General
into
that
Island
,
secured
the
Army
to
himself
,
and
gave
obedience
to
Orders
from
the
Port
,
no
farther
than
they
agreed
with
their
own
private
designs
.
They
were
unanimously
bent
upon
affrighting
the
Emperour
,
and
if
possible
,
destroying
him
.
Coprogli
Mehemet
to
obviate
their
designs
,
and
make
an
Example
of
these
seditious
Officers
,
had
caused
the
famous
Delli
Vssani
Pacha
(
General
in
Candia
,
and
as
brave
a
man
as
ever
was
among
the
Turks
)
to
be
strangled
.
And
certainly
it
was
great
imprudence
in
the
said
Delli
Vssani
Pacha
,
after
he
had
disobeyed
his
Orders
in
Candia
,
and
in
a
manner
revolted
from
the
Sultan
,
to
be
so
wheedled
and
blinded
with
the
fair
promises
of
the
Vizer
as
to
come
frankly
to
Constantinople
,
and
put
himself
into
the
Vizer's
hands
,
by
whom
he
was
immediately
committed
to
the
Castle
of
the
seven
Towers
,
with
several
Christian
Officers
taken
in
the
Wars
of
Candia
,
and
sent
Prisoners
thither
.
The
Executioner
strangled
him
in
the
presence
of
the
said
Officers
by
particular
direction
form
the
Vizer
,
to
torment
and
excruciate
him
the
more
.
Coprogli
was
married
to
an
illustrious
Lady
,
who
as
I
told
you
is
still
living
,
and
in
Candia
promoting
the
affairs
of
her
Son
.
She
is
called
Fateima
Kadun
;
She
is
a
Lady
of
a
large
Soul
,
and
a
Wit
infinitely
above
the
rest
of
her
Sex
,
as
appeared
by
her
subtilty
in
advancing
her
Son
to
the
dignity
of
his
Father
,
which
was
without
president
,
for
till
that
time
it
was
never
known
that
the
Son
succeeded
the
Father
in
so
important
a
charge
.
The
Father
being
upon
his
Death-bed
,
the
Validè
Widow
of
Sultan
Ibrahim
,
understanding
there
was
no
hopes
of
his
recovery
,
sent
to
visit
him
the
six
other
Vizers
who
made
up
the
Divan
,
of
which
they
were
members
,
but
the
Grand
Vizer
,
the
head
,
and
indeed
absolute
Master
:
Their
order
was
to
confer
with
him
about
the
mysteries
of
State
which
had
been
committed
only
to
him
.
Fateima
Kadun
having
notice
of
their
Visit
,
and
designing
to
make
the
Fortune
of
her
Son
,
perswaded
her
dying
Husband
to
pretend
himself
speechless
,
which
he
did
,
and
the
Vizers
being
admitted
,
believed
him
really
incapable
of
any
such
discourse
,
and
accordingly
complained
very
heavily
how
much
his
being
speechless
would
be
prejudicial
to
the
interest
of
the
Empire
.
Fateima
interrupting
them
,
told
them
,
You
see
by
misfortune
my
Husband
is
unable
to
advise
you
any
farther
,
but
there
is
his
Son
with
whom
he
has
deposited
all
those
secrets
that
concern
the
State
;
he
is
the
only
person
can
advance
,
he
is
the
only
person
can
perplex
the
Publick
Affairs
;
my
humble
advice
to
the
Sultan
is
,
that
he
would
speedily
consider
what
he
is
to
do
,
and
either
prefer
my
Son
to
the
Dignity
of
his
Father
,
or
strangle
him
;
that
if
he
may
do
his
Majesty
no
service
,
it
may
not
be
in
his
power
to
hurt
him
.
Her
Counsel
being
reported
to
the
Validè
,
who
was
well
acquainted
with
the
abilities
of
Achmet
Pacha
,
it
made
such
an
impression
upon
her
,
that
she
gave
ear
to
Fateima's
Proposition
,
as
having
loved
her
very
well
,
and
conversed
her
often
when
her
greater
Negotiations
brought
her
to
the
Grand
Vizer
.
By
this
Stratagem
Achmet
Pacha
was
sworn
Vizer
Azem
in
the
place
of
his
Father
,
and
(
as
an
addition
to
the
wonder
)
when
he
was
scarce
thirty
years
old
,
whereas
till
him
,
never
any
was
advanced
to
that
Honour
before
forty
at
the
least
.
This
happened
in
the
year
1662.
The
new
Vizer
Coprogli
Achmet
Pacha
following
the
maximes
of
his
Father
,
resolved
to
prosecute
the
War
in
Transilvania
,
if
possible
to
extinguish
the
Mutineers
that
remained
among
the
Janizaries
,
before
he
revived
his
old
quarrel
in
Candia
.
But
the
interests
of
Hungary
having
ingaged
the
Emperour
of
Germany
in
its
relief
,
the
new
Vizer
in
the
year
1663.
came
in
person
to
the
Army
,
which
before
was
commanded
by
Ali
Pacha
,
and
that
Campagnia
took
New-hausel
:
The
next
year
1664.
he
raised
the
Siege
of
Canisia
,
and
carried
a
Fort
by
storm
from
Count
Nicholas
de
Serini
;
after
which
he
attempted
to
pass
the
River
Rhaab
under
the
noses
of
the
Christian
Army
,
with
design
to
have
made
an
excursion
into
Austria
,
and
harassed
that
Countrey
;
and
he
had
proceeded
so
far
as
to
have
broken
and
cut
off
a
considerable
body
of
the
German
Forces
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Prince
of
Baden
,
when
being
incounter'd
and
stop'd
in
his
Carier
by
a
Squadron
of
French
,
who
(
animated
by
the
bravery
of
the
Duke
de
Fuillade
)
took
the
Post
which
the
Germans
had
abandoned
,
defeated
a
select
body
of
the
Turks
,
and
beat
the
whole
Party
over
the
River
.
This
great
Victory
obtained
in
the
latter
end
of
the
year
1664.
obliged
the
Vizer
Azem
to
conclude
a
Peace
with
the
Emperour
of
Germany
;
after
which
returning
to
Constantinople
,
the
consideration
of
his
services
,
and
the
qualification
of
his
person
recommended
him
so
highly
to
the
Sultan
,
that
ever
since
he
has
had
the
sole
Government
of
his
Affairs
.
The
next
year
1665.
was
spent
in
ratification
of
the
Peace
,
in
suppressing
privately
,
and
defeating
the
design
of
the
discontented
Party
(
who
had
espoused
the
interest
of
the
Sultans
Brothers
)
and
in
preparation
for
the
War
in
Candia
.
All
the
Officers
about
the
Sultans
Person
,
and
all
the
Members
of
the
Divan
,
who
were
any
wayes
suspicious
,
were
removed
by
a
thousand
pretences
,
and
their
places
supplyed
by
his
Creatures
:
But
in
the
Army
he
retained
the
old
Officers
on
purpose
to
destroy
them
.
It
is
most
certain
,
no
solid
preferment
is
to
be
got
,
or
at
least
enjoy'd
long
,
without
his
protection
.
When
upon
necessity
of
his
absence
he
has
disposed
about
the
person
of
the
Sultan
certain
young
Favourites
to
entertain
and
attend
the
Grand
Signior
in
his
Sports
,
if
by
imprudence
,
or
inadvertency
they
have
given
the
Grand
Vizer
any
occasion
of
jealousie
,
he
has
found
wayes
immediately
to
supplant
them
.
He
has
at
present
,
as
Favourite
to
the
Sultan
,
placed
about
him
a
young
Gentleman
of
Cogna
in
Natolia
,
his
name
is
Koulogli
Mousaip
,
which
is
as
much
as
to
say
,
the
Favourite
Son
of
a
Slave
.
He
is
of
his
person
a
very
handsome
man
,
an
excellent
Huntsman
,
rides
well
,
and
in
a
word
,
performs
all
the
Turkish
Exercises
with
great
dexterity
.
This
Koulogli
Mousaip
(
being
much
more
discreet
than
any
of
those
who
had
been
before
him
in
the
same
station
,
and
been
strangled
by
the
Vizer
)
is
very
well
satisfied
,
that
to
continue
a
Favourite
with
the
Sultan
,
he
must
not
give
the
least
umbrage
to
the
Vizer
;
and
therefore
he
avoids
all
occasion
of
mentioning
Publick
Affairs
to
the
Grand
Signior
,
unless
it
be
to
magnifie
the
Exploits
of
his
Chief
Minister
.
'T
is
reported
of
him
,
that
he
never
concerned
himself
in
any
great
thing
but
once
,
and
that
was
when
meeting
one
day
in
the
streets
of
Adrianople
a
poor
Greek
Priest
of
his
own
Town
Cogna
,
with
whom
he
had
been
well
acquainted
in
his
minority
,
he
called
him
to
him
,
and
after
several
caresses
and
expressions
of
kindness
,
offered
to
make
him
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
which
the
poor
Papas
thought
too
great
for
his
conduct
,
and
contented
himself
with
an
Alms.
The
Port
resolving
to
make
a
strong
Attach
upon
Candia
,
the
Sultan
left
Constantinople
in
March
1666.
and
is
not
yet
returned
,
nor
like
to
be
in
a
long
time
;
and
all
,
to
humble
the
Citizens
of
Constantinople
,
who
have
been
too
forward
in
their
concurrence
with
the
Janizaries
,
designing
thereby
to
chastise
their
malevolence
,
and
make
them
sensible
of
the
incommodities
that
ensue
upon
the
absence
of
their
Prince
.
The
Grand
Vizer
attended
him
as
far
as
Adrianople
,
from
whence
the
Sultan
removing
to
Methoca
a
City
in
Romania
,
in
an
excellent
Countrey
for
Hunting
,
the
Vizer
took
his
leave
,
and
crossing
Macedonia
,
and
Thessalia
,
he
arrived
at
Thebes
,
where
he
continued
for
some
time
,
till
the
Troops
that
were
to
attend
him
could
be
brought
together
.
They
took
their
March
by
the
Famous
Isthmus
of
Corinth
,
called
at
present
Hexamile
,
and
came
to
imbark
some
at
Napoli
di
Romania
,
anciently
called
Nauplion
in
the
Province
of
Argos
,
and
part
at
Porto-delle-Botte
which
is
the
old
Town
of
Cyphanta
.
The
Vizer
himself
imbarked
at
Malvezie
(
called
otherwise
Monembazie
)
and
not
at
Napoli
di
Romania
,
as
some
people
have
published
.
This
Malvezie
is
the
ancient
City
of
Epidaurus
called
Limera
,
whose
Harbour
is
so
bad
,
that
a
Vessel
that
draws
but
six
foot
water
,
cannot
enter
without
striking
:
But
the
Vizer
was
carried
off
in
a
Tartan
to
a
Galley
that
attended
him
with
five
and
forty
others
for
his
Convoy
to
Canea
,
where
they
landed
him
safely
.
His
Mother
Fateima
Kadun
had
been
conveyed
thither
four
dayes
before
by
four
Galleys
.
Kadun
I
have
told
you
(
if
I
be
not
mistaken
)
is
as
much
as
Madam
with
us
.
This
Fateima
has
made
it
appear
,
that
in
Turkie
,
her
Sex
is
neither
so
contemptible
nor
so
much
contemned
as
has
been
reported
.
Her
Magnanimity
is
so
great
,
that
I
must
tell
you
,
as
the
whole
Eastern
world
is
convinced
of
the
Potency
of
her
Son
,
so
they
are
sensible
her
interest
with
him
is
such
,
that
she
governs
him
absolutely
,
and
by
consequence
manages
the
whole
Affairs
of
the
Empire
.
The
Vizer
remained
four
months
at
Canea
to
inform
himself
of
the
condition
of
the
Venetians
,
and
prepare
himself
for
the
Siege
of
Candia
.
The
beginning
of
May
1667.
he
brought
his
Army
to
a
Rendez-vouz
at
New
Candia
,
an
old
Castle
with
a
few
pittiful
houses
about
it
,
some
two
leagues
from
the
City
.
About
fifteen
or
sixteen
years
before
,
the
Famous
Delli
Vssain
Pacha
leaving
that
Island
to
go
(
as
I
said
before
)
and
finish
his
dayes
miserably
at
Constantinople
,
the
Troops
that
he
left
behind
him
,
intrenched
themselves
at
New-Candia
,
and
called
it
Eina-die
,
which
is
as
much
as
to
say
,
harm
watch
,
harm
catch
;
For
the
Venetian
Garrison
making
frequent
Excursions
,
and
the
Turks
being
as
busie
from
thence
,
gave
it
the
name
of
Eina-die
,
and
in
my
judgement
with
a
great
deal
of
propriety
.
The
Genzar-Aga
,
or
Maistre
de
Camp
to
the
Janizaries
,
being
a
Creature
of
the
Vizers
,
took
a
general
view
of
his
Army
at
Eina-die
,
and
found
them
complete
fifty
thousand
men
,
besides
about
fourteen
thousand
Pioneers
,
and
several
Victualers
,
and
such
kind
of
people
following
the
Camp
.
Most
of
the
Pioneers
were
forced
out
of
the
Islands
in
the
Archipelago
and
Morea
;
the
Army
having
ruined
their
Huts
at
Fina-die
,
advanced
against
Candia
,
where
the
Vizer
met
them
from
Canea
.
The
City
of
Candia
was
called
formerly
Cytaeon
,
not
much
differing
from
Cytion
in
Cyprus
,
where
Zeno
was
born
,
who
was
the
Founder
of
the
Sect
of
the
Stoicks
.
This
Candia
(
in
Ancient
Times
so
Famous
for
its
bigness
and
wealth
,
that
in
the
Reign
of
the
last
Emperours
of
the
East
it
denominated
the
whole
Island
)
is
scarce
cognoscible
now
but
by
the
glorious
reliques
of
its
ramparts
,
which
notwithstanding
have
,
and
do
still
resist
the
strongest
Efforts
that
ever
the
whole
Ottoman
strength
has
been
able
to
make
.
'T
is
the
common
talk
of
those
parts
,
that
never
City
has
sustained
so
fierce
a
Siege
so
long
a
time
;
perhaps
they
may
reckon
for
one
Siege
all
the
Encampments
that
the
Turks
have
made
there
from
the
year
1647.
when
they
belcaguered
it
first
,
for
when
they
discontinued
their
formal
Leaguer
,
they
blocked
it
up
so
close
for
above
twenty
years
together
,
that
the
Garrison
durst
not
stir
out
above
Cannon-shot
from
the
Walls
;
and
in
that
sense
it
has
been
effectually
the
longest
Siege
that
has
been
mentioned
in
History
.
The
Town
is
fortified
with
seven
Bastions
,
five
towards
the
Island
,
and
two
(
viz.
St.
Andrew
,
and
Sabonniera
)
towards
the
Sea
:
These
two
are
in
a
streight
Line
at
the
two
ends
of
the
Harbour
,
which
is
called
Dramata
,
and
looks
toward
the
North.
About
a
year
since
,
the
Turks
quitted
their
old
Works
that
they
had
raised
to
no
purpose
against
the
Bastions
towards
the
Island
,
and
turned
their
approaches
upon
the
two
Bastions
towards
the
Sea
.
On
the
Sabonniera
side
they
press
not
so
hard
,
by
reason
the
ground
consisting
much
of
sand
,
their
Works
are
apt
to
moulder
as
fast
as
they
make
them
:
But
the
hottest
service
is
on
the
side
of
St.
Andrew
,
where
their
approaches
are
carried
on
by
the
Sea
side
,
under
the
protection
of
an
Artificial
Mountain
which
they
removed
thither
from
another
place
.
The
Post
of
St.
Andrew
is
a
kind
of
half
Bastion
,
built
only
with
a
Flank
that
scoures
towards
the
Fort
of
Panigra
,
but
towards
the
Sea
,
it
is
only
a
Plat-form
that
flanks
nothing
,
and
has
nothing
to
flank
it
.
'T
is
a
strange
thing
,
that
for
twenty
years
together
,
both
besiegers
and
besieged
should
have
neglected
this
Post
.
Standing
upon
a
hard
Rock
,
the
Turks
thought
it
unminable
,
and
therefore
unapproachable
;
and
the
Christians
believed
themselves
safe
there
by
the
meer
nature
of
the
place
:
But
both
of
them
were
mistaken
,
and
the
Christians
worst
of
all
,
for
the
place
must
be
suddenly
relieved
,
or
it
will
be
certainly
lost
,
and
had
it
not
been
for
an
opportunity
,
in
which
the
French
signalized
their
experience
and
courage
,
the
Town
had
been
taken
on
that
side
by
a
demy
Gorge
,
which
is
a
piece
of
Fortification
,
that
till
then
was
never
used
in
any
Town
,
to
the
great
disparagement
of
the
Venetian
Engineers
;
the
first
discovery
of
that
place
was
made
by
certain
Renegadoes
that
ran
into
the
Turkish
Camp
,
where
there
are
but
too
many
of
them
:
About
the
latter
end
of
the
year
1668.
the
Duke
de
Feuiliade
brought
to
the
succour
of
the
Town
four
Brigades
of
French
Gentlemen
Commanded
by
the
Count
de
S.
Paul
;
the
Duke
of
Chasteau-Thierry
;
the
Duke
of
Caderouse
,
and
the
Count
de
Villemor
.
The
Marquess
de
la
Motte
Tenelon
,
had
not
the
Command
of
a
Brigade
,
as
being
left
free
to
execute
the
extraordinary
Commands
of
the
Duke
de
Feuillade
,
who
advised
with
him
in
every
thing
;
and
this
by
accident
gave
him
means
to
do
the
besieged
the
most
signal
piece
of
service
that
could
be
expected
from
any
one
Man
;
for
viewing
the
Works
on
that
side
,
he
perceived
the
Turks
were
Masters
of
all
the
ground
betwixt
the
Fort
St.
Andrew
and
the
Sea
;
had
planted
their
Batteries
,
fixed
their
Lodgements
,
and
provided
very
well
for
the
security
of
their
Posts
;
and
which
was
most
dreadful
to
him
,
they
were
battering
the
Scotch
Work
,
which
was
the
only
place
that
could
give
any
defence
to
a
breach
they
had
already
made
in
the
Demie-Gorge
.
The
Scotch
Work
was
an
old
Tower
in
the
middle
of
a
Wall
that
flanked
the
Demie-Gorge
so
effectually
,
that
if
that
Flanker
was
made
unserviceable
,
the
Town
was
impossible
to
be
defended
.
The
Marquess
de
la
Motte
Tenelon
having
remonstrated
all
this
to
the
Venetians
,
and
convinced
them
of
the
importance
of
that
place
,
they
left
it
to
his
care
to
prevent
the
great
danger
which
at
that
time
was
very
pressing
upon
them
.
The
first
thing
to
be
done
,
was
to
repair
the
old
Capponnieres
towards
the
Sea
which
they
themselves
had
destroyed
,
and
quitted
not
long
before
.
A
Capponniere
is
a
little
Lodgement
or
Post
for
their
outermost
Guards
to
lye
in
,
it
is
made
of
Planks
,
driven
half
way
into
the
ground
,
and
lined
with
earth
,
in
which
there
was
room
for
about
a
dozen
or
fifteen
Musqueteers
,
that
fired
upon
occasion
out
of
little
holes
made
to
that
purpose
.
The
Turks
had
brought
vast
quantities
of
earth
,
and
thrown
them
upon
the
Capponniers
,
and
thereby
brought
their
approaches
to
the
very
foot
of
the
breach
.
The
Marquess
was
present
at
the
recovery
of
these
Capponniers
,
and
had
the
Turks
alwayes
in
his
teeth
with
only
nine
or
ten
foot
of
earth
betwixt
them
:
Having
recovered
,
and
refitted
his
Capponniers
,
he
ran
a
Gallery
under
the
Batteries
and
Lodgements
of
the
Turks
,
and
blew
them
up
into
the
air
,
thereby
giving
the
besieged
convenience
to
repair
the
Scotch
Work
,
from
whence
they
shot
so
effectually
with
their
Cannon
,
that
it
has
been
too
hot
for
the
Turks
,
and
they
have
not
attempted
it
since
.
But
for
this
Work
,
the
Town
had
been
taken
above
three
months
ago
.
You
would
not
believe
it
,
and
yet
it
was
certainly
true
,
the
French
were
at
that
time
forced
to
preach
Moderation
and
Temper
to
the
Venetians
,
whose
Commanders
were
then
so
full
of
animosity
and
emulation
,
(
especially
Morosini
and
Cornaro
)
that
their
Councils
of
War
were
nothing
but
Threats
,
and
Exprobrations
,
and
Manifesto's
,
and
Protestations
one
against
the
other
;
our
great
Officers
(
who
were
admitted
to
those
Councils
)
were
amazed
at
their
own
prudence
and
temper
,
in
respect
of
those
who
had
alwayes
reproached
our
Nation
by
its
heat
and
activity
.
Had
I
not
been
▪
told
this
by
more
than
one
or
two
of
the
Renegades
,
I
should
never
have
believed
it
.
The
Turks
understood
it
very
well
,
and
laught
at
the
Venetian
Pantalons
,
for
that
was
the
name
they
gave
the
Venetian
Officers
.
This
is
certain
,
the
Garrison
has
never
effectually
seconded
the
Efforts
of
their
Auxiliaries
.
The
Venetian
,
as
it
is
thought
,
being
unwilling
to
be
relieved
by
such
inconsiderable
supplyes
,
have
fancied
,
that
by
exposing
them
,
and
suffering
them
to
be
cut
off
,
their
Masters
,
the
Christian
Princes
would
be
provoked
to
espouse
them
more
vigorously
to
repair
their
own
Honours
,
and
by
degrees
grow
to
make
the
Venetian
Quarrel
their
own
.
Upon
Friday
the
10
th
of
May
1669.
(
which
the
Turks
count
the
9
th
of
their
Douleggaide
,
and
of
their
Egire
1080.
)
I
arrived
at
the
Camp
,
two
days
before
their
little
Bairam
,
which
fell
out
the
11
th
of
May
;
for
there
being
that
year
seventy
compleat
days
from
the
end
of
the
Moon
of
Ramaden
,
to
the
tenth
of
the
Moon
of
Douleggaide
,
the
little
Bairam
happened
the
tenth
of
that
Moon
,
and
the
Ramaden
concluded
the
last
day
of
our
February
.
The
Turkish
Camp
had
no
Lines
either
of
Circumvallation
or
Contravallation
;
a
Line
of
Circumvallation
would
have
been
utterly
useless
,
because
they
feard
no
succours
by
Land
.
And
the
Garrison
thinking
themselves
very
happy
if
they
can
keep
their
own
ground
,
there
was
no
great
need
of
any
Contravallation
against
their
Sallies
;
only
about
Cannon-shot
from
the
two
Bastions
,
the
Turks
thought
fit
to
cast
up
a
few
pittiful
Lines
,
to
shelter
their
place
of
Arms
,
where
they
draw
up
,
when
commanded
out
upon
any
considerable
Service
.
These
Lines
,
instead
of
being
brought
up
streight
one
to
another
,
as
with
us
,
are
turned
with
a
bow
at
both
ends
,
which
seems
repugnant
to
our
Rules
;
but
our
curiosity
is
not
so
usefull
among
them
,
for
the
Enemy
never
going
directly
towards
an
attack
,
nor
many
times
together
the
same
way
,
the
pedantry
of
our
methods
would
be
to
no
purpose
.
The
whole
strength
of
their
Camp
consists
of
great
Plat-forms
,
which
those
Infidels
have
raised
upon
the
shore
,
and
planted
them
very
liberally
with
Cannon
to
play
upon
the
Christian
Ships
.
There
are
also
Plat-forms
that
lie
low
,
and
even
with
the
water
,
made
on
purpose
to
hinder
the
descent
of
the
Venetians
.
I
went
first
to
the
Vizers
Quarter
,
which
among
us
would
have
been
called
the
Royal
Quarter
.
It
lies
towards
the
Fort
of
Saint
Andre
westward
of
the
Town
;
and
in
that
quarter
most
of
the
Janizaries
and
select
Troops
of
the
Army
are
disposed
.
The
Quarter
of
the
Romiliots
,
or
European
Troops
under
the
Command
of
the
Beglierbey
of
Sophia
was
before
the
Fort
of
Panigra
on
the
S.
W.
side
of
the
Town
.
The
Messerliotts
or
Troops
out
of
Aegypt
and
Arabia
were
quartered
on
the
South
;
the
Natolians
or
Troops
out
of
Asia
on
the
South
East
:
And
towards
their
Lazaret
or
Hospital
,
over
against
the
Post
of
Sabionera
directly
to
the
East
,
lay
a
considerable
body
of
Janizaries
,
with
detachments
,
and
commanded
parties
out
of
all
the
other
Quarters
.
The
Chief
Officers
commanding
in
those
several
Quarters
,
have
no
certain
place
allotted
to
themselves
,
as
with
us
,
for
the
Vizer
changes
them
as
he
pleases
,
and
many
times
removes
the
whole
Brigade
from
one
Quarter
to
another
.
The
Bassas
,
who
at
my
coming
were
in
principal
Command
,
were
the
Vizer
du
Camp
,
which
is
as
much
as
the
Vizer
Azem's
Lieutenant-General
:
the
Beglerbey
of
Romulia
;
the
Capoudan
Bassa
Brother
in
Law
to
the
Grand
Vizer
;
the
Genizar-Aga
,
a
brave
Man
,
and
his
Creature
;
Zambatag
Ogli-Houssekni
Son
to
one
of
the
Sultans
Sisters
;
Zatt-Patat-Ogli
,
for
a
Turk
a
very
understanding
man
in
all
Foreign
Affairs
,
and
designed
to
be
Bassa
of
Cairo
;
Frane
Mehemet
Pacha
,
a
Renegade
Portugesse
,
to
whom
the
Grand
Vizer
has
promised
tho
Government
of
Candia
when
taken
:
And
Bebyr
Pacha
,
a
man
of
Execution
,
and
one
who
speaking
very
well
the
Language
of
the
Franks
,
would
be
a
proper
person
to
Treat
with
the
Christians
.
The
General
of
their
Horse
called
Spahilar-Agasi
,
continued
at
Canea
,
from
whence
he
made
frequent
Cavalcades
about
the
Island
to
keep
an
eye
over
his
Horse
which
were
quartered
all
along
upon
the
Coast
under
the
Command
of
six
Colonels
,
or
Boulouk
Agalar's
.
It
is
not
above
four
years
since
this
person
was
made
General
of
the
Cavalry
;
his
predecessor
was
slain
by
the
French
at
the
passing
of
Raab
near
St.
Gothard
in
the
year
1664.
The
Quarters
of
the
Vizer
Azem
is
the
only
fix'd
Quarter
in
the
Army
,
and
chosen
with
all
the
convenients
that
is
consistent
with
the
security
of
the
Camp
.
The
little
Turkish
Vessels
can
land
just
by
him
,
without
passing
before
the
Town
;
it
lies
upon
the
Road
to
Canea
and
Policastro
,
and
there
is
no
Forrage
but
on
that
side
:
His
Troops
are
sheltered
from
the
City
by
a
little
hill
,
which
gives
also
to
the
Besiegers
an
advantage
to
raise
Batteries
:
But
its
greatest
Commodity
is
from
the
River
Giofro
,
which
runs
at
the
foot
of
the
said
Hill
.
The
River
is
not
much
bigger
than
the
Gobelins
at
Paris
,
and
yet
it
contributes
exceedingly
to
the
miseries
of
the
City
of
Candia
,
for
without
those
waters
the
Turks
could
not
have
subsisted
so
long
.
At
the
beginning
of
the
first
Siege
in
the
year
1648.
some
of
the
Venetians
poisoned
those
waters
,
without
advising
with
their
General
,
and
it
was
the
destruction
of
above
twenty
thousand
Turks
;
which
being
no
fair
action
,
according
to
the
punctilio's
of
War
,
the
Turks
(
who
of
themselves
are
not
over-apt
to
give
quarter
)
revenged
it
effectually
by
most
incredible
barbarities
.
I
was
astonished
at
the
number
and
beauty
of
the
Tents
in
that
Quarter
:
For
the
Hutts
and
Cabins
for
the
common
Soldiers
,
I
saw
three
great
Boards
that
had
served
to
make
ten
thousand
of
them
.
You
will
ask
what
kind
of
things
those
Cabins
are
among
the
Turks
,
and
how
they
are
built
:
They
take
of
the
fattest
earth
they
can
find
,
sprinkle
it
with
water
as
they
do
Mortar
,
and
having
marked
out
a
proportion
of
it
of
about
seven
foot
in
length
,
and
six
in
breadth
,
they
take
three
large
Planks
,
and
fasten
them
round
,
as
they
were
to
make
a
Chest
:
The
Planks
are
used
as
a
kind
of
Mould
for
the
casting
of
these
Cazernes
,
for
when
the
Boards
are
disposed
right
,
they
throw
more
water
upon
the
Mould
,
and
then
let
it
stand
till
it
be
dry
:
when
it
has
stood
long
enough
,
is
grown
to
a
consistence
,
and
is
sufficiently
stiff
to
stand
by
it self
,
the
Planks
are
taken
away
,
and
imployed
in
another
place
.
Every
one
of
these
Cazernes
or
Cabins
is
allowed
to
be
five
foot
high
,
covered
a
top
with
certain
old
pieces
of
Wood
,
over
which
they
lay
a
little
of
their
prepared
Mould
,
which
they
suffer
to
dry
,
and
with
very
good
effect
;
but
for
thatch
,
it
is
not
to
be
thought
on
in
Candia
,
where
they
have
neither
sowing
nor
reaping
,
and
trees
are
more
scarce
than
straw
;
the
great
ones
have
been
all
cut
up
to
make
their
Palisadoes
and
Fortifications
,
and
the
little
ones
have
been
burned
:
In
short
,
each
of
those
Caverns
built
according
to
the
above-mentioned
dimensions
,
will
receive
twelve
Souldiers
;
but
for
greater
numbers
,
they
are
proportion'd
accordingly
.
The
Grand
Vizer
was
not
lodged
in
a
Tent
;
they
had
built
him
a
Serrai
or
Palace
half
a
quarter
of
a
league
about
:
The
Turks
presumed
when
he
once
sate
down
before
the
Town
,
he
would
not
suddenly
rise
again
,
and
therefore
they
thought
fit
his
Quarters
should
be
made
durable
.
The
Walls
of
his
Palace
were
of
stone
some
six
or
eight
foot
high
from
the
floor
;
the
rest
of
the
House
(
which
in
some
places
was
two
stories
high
)
was
made
of
that
sprinkled
dirt
dryed
,
and
a
little
old
Timber
.
In
the
Camp
there
were
at
least
a
hundred
of
these
Serrai's
set
up
by
the
Principal
Officers
for
themselves
.
The
Serrai
or
Palace
of
Delli-Houssain-Pacha
,
built
in
the
time
of
the
first
Siege
over
against
the
Fort
of
Martinengoe
,
was
the
most
considerable
of
them
all
:
When
the
Army
was
drawn
off
,
and
the
Siege
discontinued
,
it
was
set
on
fire
by
the
Venetians
,
but
the
Beglerbey
of
Romulia
has
repair'd
it
again
.
Before
the
Grand
Vizers
Serrai
was
a
kind
of
a
Gibbet
set
up
with
seven
horse
tails
upon
it
;
each
Beglerbey
in
the
Army
has
six
before
his
door
:
But
those
are
honorary
and
no
more
,
the
Grand
Vizer's
is
a
great
mark
of
authority
.
When
the
Sultan
in
person
is
in
the
Camp
,
he
ha●
nine
tailes
before
his
Tent
or
Palace
,
or
where
ever
he
lies
.
The
Aga
of
the
Janizaries
has
no
such
thing
before
his
,
though
he
be
one
of
the
most
considerable
Officers
in
the
Army
:
Before
the
Tents
of
the
other
Bassas
there
are
two
,
and
six
before
the
Caimacan
of
the
Vizer
,
who
is
in
the
nature
of
Super-intendant
of
the
Army
.
The
Gibbet
set
up
for
these
Tails
before
the
Grand
Vizer's
Tent
is
four
square
,
and
when
the
Army
marches
,
the
square
in
which
the
Horse
tails
are
fastened
,
directs
the
way
the
Army
is
to
take
:
for
if
the
tails
be
fastned
towards
the
East
,
their
motion
is
to
be
that
way
;
and
so
in
general
all
their
Campments
and
Lodgements
in
their
march
are
signified
by
that
part
of
the
horizon
towards
which
the
tails
are
hung
.
Being
got
into
the
Camp
,
each
of
us
found
some
of
our
friends
,
and
immediately
dispersed
.
Amuret-Aga
went
one
way
and
we
another
;
I
continued
with
Osman
Chelebi
in
a
Hutt
that
was
offer'd
him
;
his
two
Brothers
in
Law
(
Sons
of
Mustapha
Bey
)
that
he
thought
to
have
found
before
Candia
,
and
quartered
with
them
,
were
sent
in
Garrison
not
long
before
to
Girapietra
,
a
Post
that
they
have
fortified
in
that
Island
.
In
the
Turkish
Army
,
though
it
be
very
numerous
,
any
body
that
one
inquires
for
is
easily
found
out
.
Their
Oda's
are
known
and
distinguished
by
their
succession
and
order
of
their
numbers
,
as
first
,
second
,
third
,
and
so
on
:
But
for
greater
instruction
,
at
the
door
of
every
Chorbagi
is
hung
up
the
name
of
some
animal
or
other
,
as
a
Lion
,
a
Camel
,
an
Eagle
,
&c.
and
a
great
paper
with
the
name
of
it
in
large
Characters
.
We
were
scarce
setled
in
our
Hutt
,
but
the
silence
that
is
alwayes
very
remarkable
in
the
Turkish
Army
,
was
on
a
sudden
interrupted
by
a
most
dreadful
noise
in
springing
their
Mines
that
were
ready
under
the
Fort
of
St.
Andre
,
and
the
Yells
of
the
Turks
advancing
to
the
Assault
:
The
Cannon
both
in
the
Leaguer
and
City
,
made
up
the
Consort
.
This
was
the
first
time
I
ever
saw
the
Grand
Vizer
,
he
was
got
a
top
of
a
little
eminence
out
of
Cannon-shot
from
the
Town
,
to
see
the
execution
of
the
Mines
,
and
success
of
the
attaque
:
The
sight
of
this
great
person
struck
my
heart
more
violently
than
mine
eyes
:
He
is
but
of
a
middle
Stature
,
yet
very
vigorous
and
strong
;
his
Face
is
something
pitted
with
the
small
Pox
,
and
his
Cheeks
very
red
;
his
Eyes
are
black
,
and
hollow
,
and
stern
;
his
Complexion
is
tauny
;
his
Beard
long
and
very
black
;
he
was
on
foot
in
the
midst
of
fifty
or
threescore
of
his
Guards
armed
like
Albanians
,
with
their
Captain
Delli
Bachi
at
the
head
of
them
.
The
Vizer
was
discoursing
with
Zambatag-Ogli-Housekni
,
a
young
Gentleman
,
and
as
they
said
there
,
much
like
the
Grand
Signior
who
is
his
Uncle
:
The
Vizer
had
no
sooner
placed
himself
,
but
all
his
Officers
came
about
him
.
It
is
concluded
by
all
hands
,
that
he
is
personally
brave
,
and
as
great
a
Souldier
as
ever
they
had
;
yet
he
is
cautious
,
and
runs
not
head-long
himself
upon
every
occasion
,
to
visit
the
Works
;
with
a
small
,
but
excellent
Perspective
,
he
was
viewing
the
order
of
their
attaques
;
but
because
the
dust
and
the
smoke
did
many
times
obstruct
him
,
he
sent
ever
and
anon
some
body
to
understand
how
things
went
in
every
Post
;
which
messengers
,
to
give
him
an
exact
account
,
exposed
themselves
so
freely
to
the
Enemies
shot
,
that
of
thirty
sent
out
,
there
was
but
four
returned
.
This
was
one
of
the
hottest
attempts
during
the
whole
Leaguer
;
the
Turks
had
sprung
three
Mines
under
the
Fort
of
Saint
Andre
.
Whilst
the
Vizer
was
imployed
with
his
Perspective-Glass
in
observing
the
execution
of
the
Mines
,
wagers
were
lai'd
by
the
Officers
about
him
that
the
Work
was
blown
up
,
and
a
gale
of
wind
blowing
away
the
smoke
discovered
who
had
won
:
The
execution
was
great
,
carrying
away
a
whole
row
of
Palisadoes
from
the
besieged
,
and
making
a
breach
in
which
the
Turks
endeavoured
many
times
to
lodge
themselves
,
their
swords
in
their
hands
,
but
were
repulsed
with
great
slaughter
.
They
gave
out
that
they
had
slain
the
General
of
the
Christians
,
but
the
repulsed
Troops
never
return
without
some
such
story
for
preservation
of
their
Honour
:
but
at
this
time
there
was
some
reason
for
their
report
,
for
a
day
or
two
afterwards
we
understood
by
a
fugitive
,
that
the
Marquess
of
Saint
Andre
,
a
French
Man
,
and
Governour
of
the
Town
was
in
that
action
wounded
in
the
face
by
the
splinter
of
a
stone
:
This
happened
the
9
th
of
their
Douleggiade
,
and
according
to
our
Kalendar
on
the
10
th
of
May
1669.
The
Troops
that
are
daily
designed
for
the
Guard
of
the
Trenches
,
are
relieved
every
twelve
hours
:
And
when
an
Oda
is
appointed
for
the
whole
day
,
the
Chorbaggi
takes
one
half
of
them
to
mount
the
Trenches
,
and
twelve
hours
after
is
relieved
by
the
Oda
Baschi
with
the
other
moity
.
But
an
Oda
consists
commonly
of
three
or
four
thousand
men
,
which
are
easily
divided
for
service
.
In
the
evening
two
Chiaouxes
having
placed
themselves
before
the
Grand
Vizers
door
,
one
of
one
side
,
and
the
other
of
the
other
;
they
make
proclamation
as
loud
as
they
can
,
and
cry
out
Allah
,
Allah
;
upon
which
the
Souldiers
assembling
in
great
numbers
,
the
Chiaouxes
set
certain
prices
upon
the
heads
of
the
Christians
for
the
next
day
;
this
is
their
custome
every
night
,
that
the
hopes
of
reward
might
animate
their
men
,
for
nothing
is
better
money
than
the
head
of
a
Christian
;
but
their
heads
are
not
alwayes
at
a
rate
;
when
the
Christian
Army
is
strong
,
and
heads
harder
to
come
by
,
a
head
is
worth
25
or
30
Crowns
;
but
when
their
Army
is
weak
,
and
heads
are
like
to
be
plentiful
,
nine
or
ten
Crowns
is
a
good
price
,
and
they
think
it
well
if
the
Market
would
hold
there
.
The
next
day
being
a
Festival
,
and
their
Bayram
,
they
set
twenty
Crowns
upon
a
head
.
There
was
also
a
rate
set
for
every
piece
of
a
Palisade
that
could
be
forced
from
the
Works
of
the
City
,
and
brought
to
the
Vizer
,
and
the
price
for
the
next
day
was
set
at
three
Crowns
.
The
Venetians
set
their
Prices
in
the
same
manner
upon
the
heads
of
the
Turks
;
but
they
are
not
so
good
Chapmen
,
for
ten
or
twelve
Livers
is
as
much
as
they
give
for
a
head
;
and
at
that
rate
they
come
in
sometimes
so
plentifully
that
they
have
been
known
to
set
their
Walls
round
with
them
,
and
all
such
other
places
as
have
been
within
sight
of
the
Enemy
.
But
there
was
a
time
once
when
these
kind
of
Trophies
were
prohibited
in
the
Town
,
and
that
was
when
the
Plague
was
in
the
Turks
Camp
,
then
the
head
of
one
Infidel
might
have
been
enough
to
have
infected
ten
thousand
Christians
.
In
the
year
1667.
an
accident
hapned
in
the
Vizer's
Camp
that
was
very
rare
;
There
was
in
the
Quarter
of
the
Messerhots
a
great
heap
of
Christian
heads
,
and
it
was
reported
that
one
of
those
heads
moaned
and
complained
every
night
,
and
that
half
the
Army
in
that
Quarter
had
heard
it
:
and
it
was
the
more
wonderful
with
them
,
because
they
believe
nothing
of
the
return
,
or
apparition
of
Spirits
,
but
laugh
at
those
stories
.
This
accident
made
such
a
noise
that
it
came
to
the
Ears
of
the
Vizir
.
The
Vizir
being
a
curious
,
but
no
credulous
person
,
went
himself
to
the
place
,
and
heard
an
odd
kind
of
noise
from
out
of
one
of
the
heads
that
lay
uppermost
upon
the
Pile
:
The
Vizir
was
a
quick
man
,
and
observed
that
the
Head
standing
with
the
Face
to
the
wind
,
the
wind
blew
strongly
into
the
Nostrils
,
and
not
being
able
to
get
out
but
with
difficulty
,
by
its
working
and
agitation
in
the
Skull
produced
that
sound
.
He
caused
the
Nostrils
to
be
stopt
with
Clay
,
but
the
Soldiers
reporting
still
that
the
Head
was
heard
to
complain
,
and
that
it
was
doubtless
some
among
the
Christians
who
had
dyed
a
Turk
,
the
Vizir
caused
that
and
the
whole
heap
to
be
thrown
into
the
Sea
.
Every
morning
at
five
a
clock
the
Soldiers
are
called
to
their
prayers
by
sound
of
Trumpet
;
the
Troops
in
their
several
Quarters
repair
immediately
to
their
place
of
Arms
:
To
begin
their
Devotions
they
cry
out
as
loud
as
they
can
Allah
three
times
,
and
they
make
a
noise
with
it
that
may
be
heard
two
Leagues
;
and
in
this
it
is
that
they
may
well
reproach
the
carelesness
of
our
devotions
.
He
that
should
behold
their
modesty
and
humility
at
their
prayers
,
would
wonder
it
should
be
possible
that
so
much
courage
and
piety
could
consist
.
They
have
a
larger
sort
of
Drums
than
ordinary
that
call
them
from
their
Prayers
,
of
which
there
is
but
one
in
every
Quarter
,
and
that
is
either
placed
upon
a
piece
of
wood
to
that
purpose
,
or
else
upon
a
Camel
before
the
Vizer
or
Beglerbey's
Tent
who
Commands
in
chief
.
Their
noise
is
almost
like
Thunder
,
and
heard
two
or
three
Leagues
,
and
the
profound
and
universal
silence
of
their
Camp
,
makes
it
heard
the
farther
.
The
smaller
Drums
are
for
the
Soldiers
commanded
by
the
Beglerbeys
;
for
the
Janizaries
use
no
Drums
,
nor
indeed
any
other
Instrument
in
the
room
of
them
,
no
not
so
much
as
in
their
March
.
There
are
Chiaouxes
on
purpose
,
who
carry
Orders
to
the
Janizaries
when
at
any
time
they
are
commanded
.
In
that
case
they
hang
up
Colours
before
the
Tent
of
the
Chorbaggi
,
and
the
Word
passes
from
one
to
the
other
.
In
their
Marches
they
follow
the
directions
of
the
great
Drums
which
belong
to
their
General
Officers
:
The
common
Drums
are
beaten
at
both
ends
,
with
two
sticks
of
an
unequal
bigness
,
With
their
right
hand
they
beat
quick
and
strong
,
with
their
left
they
strike
more
slowly
,
and
make
a
sound
in
my
judgment
more
solemn
and
martial
than
ours
.
Every
Beglerbey
has
his
Company
of
Guards
,
composed
only
of
his
own
Footmen
called
Moulaggi
:
Upon
a
March
the
Moulaggi
are
always
mounted
,
and
on
Horse-back
,
but
in
Candia
they
serve
on
foot
.
These
Moulaggi
have
their
Bagpipes
,
their
Haut-bois
,
their
Trumpets
,
and
Kettle-Drums
,
and
upon
several
occasions
do
make
use
of
them
all
.
The
Zaims
and
Timariots
have
likewise
their
Kettle-Drums
.
As
to
their
Colours
or
Standards
,
every
Oda
has
its
Bairakter
or
Ensigne
.
This
Officer
is
never
without
several
Colours
,
to
set
up
and
display
upon
the
Platform
of
their
Batteries
,
upon
their
breaches
or
their
logdments
in
an
Attack
.
The
Colours
are
commonly
charged
salterwise
with
Symetars
vert
upon
a
Field
Or
:
sometimes
Gules
in
a
Field
Argent
.
Sables
is
forbidden
as
altogether
ominous
.
Sometimes
they
inscribe
in
Arabick
Letters
,
the
name
of
God
,
or
some
of
his
Attributes
.
In
their
skirmishes
with
the
Christians
they
are
very
proud
if
they
can
get
any
of
our
Colours
,
because
they
know
it
is
a
loss
highly
regretted
among
them
,
and
very
dishonourable
:
but
they
do
not
show
them
,
nor
hang
them
up
publickly
as
we
do
;
only
now
and
then
the
Renegadoes
will
keep
them
and
hang
them
up
in
their
houses
,
as
retaining
our
Customs
,
though
not
our
Religion
.
The
Order
observed
by
the
Turks
in
their
night-Guards
,
is
different
from
ours
;
they
have
indeed
their
Horse-Guards
petrolling
about
all
night
long
;
but
with
their
Foot
it
is
quite
otherwise
:
They
never
put
one
single
man
upon
a
Sentinel
,
but
place
little
Squadrons
of
thirty
and
forty
men
in
a
Squadron
about
their
Camp
,
and
especially
towards
the
Enemy
,
on
which
side
they
place
their
Squadrons
or
Parties
about
two
or
three
hundred
paces
distance
at
the
most
.
They
have
none
of
our
Perdue's
,
thinking
it
little
less
than
madness
to
trust
the
lives
of
100000
men
to
the
vigilance
or
fidelity
of
a
single
person
,
contrary
quite
to
our
opinion
,
who
think
it
as
extravagant
to
disturb
a
whole
Army
to
watch
,
when
one
man
may
do
it
as
well
;
but
I
am
rather
of
their
judgment
than
our
own
.
Their
opinion
is
sober
and
cautious
,
ours
more
vain
and
secure
.
Let
the
occasion
be
what
it
will
,
their
Foot
never
go
the
Rounds
,
and
therefore
are
never
trusted
with
the
Word
.
When
these
little
bodies
upon
the
out-Guards
descry
any
body
near
them
,
they
cry
out
Kimpsem
,
who
goes
there
?
which
is
followed
immediately
with
Dourbourda
,
stand
.
Their
common
answer
is
Biz-iz
,
'T
is
we
;
for
they
suppose
no
man
will
come
alone
with
a
good
design
,
and
therefore
our
complement
,
A
Friend
,
would
not
pass
with
them
.
If
there
be
two
or
three
in
the
company
,
and
none
of
them
replies
,
the
next
Word
from
the
Guards
is
Vldurun
,
or
kill
them
,
kill
them
,
and
commonly
they
are
as
good
as
their
word
,
and
then
give
the
alarm
to
the
whole
Camp
.
At
the
beginning
of
the
Siege
they
were
not
so
strict
,
there
being
no
talk
of
succours
from
Christendom
,
nor
no
apprehension
from
the
Islanders
;
then
if
any
of
their
Guards
had
espied
a
man
,
after
their
Allah
Allah
three
or
four
times
,
they
called
out
in
the
Frank
language
,
A
Largua
,
A
Largua
,
which
is
a
Sea
phrase
,
and
as
much
as
who
are
you
for
?
Those
who
are
questioned
,
do
answer
immediately
Alla
;
otherwise
the
Court
of
Guard
cryes
out
Alla
again
,
and
fires
upon
them
.
It
would
be
no
easie
matter
for
the
Venetians
to
think
to
surprize
the
Turks
by
crying
out
Alla
;
for
the
Turks
have
a
peculiar
way
of
speaking
that
word
,
pronouncing
it
in
the
throat
,
according
to
the
way
of
the
Arabians
.
In
the
same
manner
the
Spaniard
pronounces
Muger
,
in
which
it
is
not
possible
for
a
French
man
to
imitate
him
.
Our
Christians
that
are
not
used
to
the
Turkish
articulation
,
will
tell
you
,
that
when
those
Infidels
go
to
an
ingagement
,
they
do
it
with
strange
yells
and
noises
,
which
indeed
is
nothing
but
their
pious
invocations
:
However
at
those
times
the
word
Alla
is
alwayes
in
their
mouths
,
and
I
doubt
the
fear
that
seizes
us
commonly
at
those
times
,
makes
the
Turkish
Musick
less
gratefull
to
our
ears
.
Those
who
have
skill
in
Souldiery
,
will
perhaps
condemn
this
custom
of
the
Turks
,
and
object
,
that
the
Romans
(
who
were
greater
Conquerours
of
the
two
)
observed
better
Order
in
their
Camps
.
I
will
not
meddle
with
the
speculative
part
,
let
us
come
to
the
active
:
'T
is
true
,
the
Turks
have
not
that
regular
way
of
incamping
,
as
the
Romans
had
,
nor
their
method
of
fighting
;
for
the
Turks
understand
nothing
of
wheeling
,
or
the
other
Military
Motions
that
the
Greeks
and
the
Romans
have
derived
to
us
,
and
yet
in
three
hundred
years
they
have
won
more
Battels
,
and
made
larger
conquests
than
the
Romans
in
eight
hundred
;
't
is
true
,
afterwards
the
Romans
out-did
them
,
but
the
more
shame
for
the
Christians
now
,
who
understanding
the
way
of
facing
about
,
the
way
of
countermarches
,
doubling
of
ranks
and
files
,
and
several
other
Motions
,
are
yet
so
often
beaten
by
the
Turks
.
There
is
one
thing
which
to
me
has
been
alwayes
very
admirable
;
Most
Authors
that
write
of
the
Turks
,
and
other
People
ambitious
of
Honour
,
are
perpetually
counselling
to
make
War
upon
the
Turks
,
representing
them
Cowards
,
and
Sots
,
and
easily
conquered
:
By
their
account
the
taking
of
Constantinople
is
a
trifle
,
and
so
easie
,
't
is
not
worth
the
name
of
an
Enterprize
;
I
wonder
they
can
forbear
disposing
before-hand
of
the
plunder
of
that
great
City
,
and
that
every
one
of
them
has
not
reserved
three
or
four
of
the
Principal
Odaliques
in
the
Seraglio
for
himself
.
What
then
must
be
the
odds
betwixt
us
in
Martial
Discipline
?
Why
?
the
Turks
are
more
obedient
to
their
Officers
,
are
more
at
unity
among
themselves
,
more
sober
,
and
less
fugitive
;
and
this
certainly
must
be
the
reason
,
for
their
skins
are
no
harder
than
ours
,
unless
possibly
it
be
that
Empires
have
their
periods
like
particular
men
.
On
Saturday
11.
of
May
,
on
the
morning
the
whole
Camp
put
themselves
in
arms
to
begin
the
Festivity
of
their
Bayram
,
which
they
signified
to
the
Christians
by
three
rounds
of
great
shot
from
their
Batteries
,
and
as
many
salvoes
of
small
shot
from
their
Infantry
who
gave
very
good
fire
:
But
the
whole
Army
was
not
drawn
up
as
I
expected
.
Every
Quarter
rejoyced
by
it self
.
I
think
there
could
not
be
braver
men
seen
in
the
world
than
the
Grand
Vizer's
Janizaries
:
Their
Arms
were
so
bright
,
they
were
able
to
dazle
a
mans
eyes
:
the
fierceness
of
their
looks
,
and
the
Majesty
of
their
Motion
presaged
their
success
:
their
Dolimans
or
Coats
were
as
good
as
new
,
very
well
shaped
,
though
made
of
a
course
cloth
from
Salonica
;
they
had
not
had
them
above
two
months
:
Once
every
year
the
Sultan
gives
them
new
Coats
at
his
own
charge
,
and
the
time
that
they
are
delivered
is
about
the
month
of
Cheuval
,
that
they
may
be
neat
and
spruce
against
their
Grand
Bayram
:
they
had
not
their
Zercola's
or
long
Coifs
upon
their
heads
which
they
wear
upon
Solemnities
;
in
the
Army
they
would
be
troublesome
;
they
had
only
Bonnets
or
Caps
of
wooll
or
coloured
cloth
,
with
their
handkerchiefs
roll'd
about
them
to
make
them
look
like
Turbans
:
They
wear
no
beards
,
but
not
upon
the
score
that
we
pretend
,
who
would
have
it
a
mark
that
they
are
the
Sultan's
real
slaves
,
for
,
as
they
say
,
he
who
is
a
Musleman
,
what
is
he
else
?
All
the
rest
of
the
Sultan's
Subjects
,
wear
their
Muschatoes
very
long
,
and
they
would
let
their
under
lips
grow
so
too
,
were
not
they
fearful
of
being
taken
by
the
beard
in
their
Battels
,
and
so
put
to
the
worst
.
'T
is
most
certain
,
that
for
the
same
reason
Alexander
the
Great
commanded
his
Captains
,
that
all
the
Macedonian
Souldiers
should
cut
off
their
beards
:
And
the
Abanthes
,
a
war-like
People
of
Eubea
,
do
use
it
at
this
day
.
In
the
Grand
Vizer's
Quarter
there
was
near
fifteen
thousand
Janizaries
,
besides
a
party
of
them
sent
about
to
the
Post
of
Sabonniera
:
I
judged
the
whole
Army
to
consist
of
about
forty
five
thousand
men
,
and
near
as
many
others
,
Cannoniers
,
Pioniers
,
Sutlers
,
half
of
which
upon
occasion
were
able
to
bear
Arms
:
Should
I
tell
this
among
the
Christians
,
I
should
hardly
be
believed
;
for
they
please
themselves
in
debasing
the
numbers
and
courage
of
the
Turks
,
and
perhaps
it
is
a
stratagem
of
the
Venetians
to
wheedle
their
Allies
:
So
among
them
the
Turkish
Army
must
not
be
above
thirty
thousand
strong
.
'T
is
true
,
about
a
year
since
,
the
Plague
and
incommodities
of
the
Army
had
reduced
them
to
that
number
:
and
I
know
at
Tunis
(
where
I
was
at
that
time
)
the
Turks
confessed
it
themselves
,
to
excuse
the
smallness
of
their
Progress
;
they
pretended
likewise
that
the
Town
of
Candia
stood
upon
an
impenetrable
,
inaccessible
Rock
,
and
was
defended
by
a
Garrison
of
sixty
thousand
men
.
It
was
great
pleasure
to
hear
how
they
magnified
our
numbers
,
and
the
strength
of
the
City
,
and
yet
kept
us
all
in
with
an
Army
of
twenty
five
thousand
men
at
the
most
:
Not
that
the
Emperour
could
have
wanted
more
men
,
but
the
Vizer
in
gallantry
had
made
an
Oath
,
with
that
small
number
of
Turks
to
beat
and
destroy
the
sixty
thousand
lubberly
Christians
that
had
pin'd
themselves
up
in
that
inaccessible
Rock
.
That
was
a
day
of
great
Execution
;
one
of
the
Turks
Mines
blew
up
a
Post
of
the
Christians
near
Saint
Andre
,
where
many
a
brave
man
of
the
Garrison
perished
;
the
Vizer
was
in
no
little
danger
himself
,
for
having
laid
aside
his
Perspective
,
and
advanced
in
the
Trenches
to
the
very
Ditch
of
the
Town
,
to
survey
their
Works
,
and
observe
his
advantage
,
he
stood
personally
exposed
to
all
the
fire
from
the
Garrison
for
a
complete
half
hour
together
,
and
Kiaca-Bey
the
Lieutenant
General
of
the
Janizaries
was
shot
in
the
Arm
,
not
two
steps
from
him
;
the
Vizer
when
he
saw
it
,
with
an
angry
kind
of
smile
,
said
,
I
think
these
rude
Christians
would
not
have
us
Celebrate
our
Bayram
to
day
:
but
for
all
that
,
he
stirred
not
till
a
Lodgement
was
finished
that
he
had
ordered
,
and
to
that
end
,
he
caused
his
dinner
to
be
brought
to
him
into
the
Trenches
.
The
rest
of
the
day
was
spent
in
Dounama
,
or
publick
rejoycing
:
The
Turks
according
to
their
custome
on
their
Bayrams
send
one
another
Presents
,
as
we
do
at
New-years-tide
.
One
Janizary
gives
his
Camerade
Tobacco
,
and
he
to
requite
it
,
takes
him
to
the
Sutlers
,
and
gives
him
a
dish
of
Coffee
,
or
strong
waters
.
The
Vizer
augmented
the
pay
of
those
who
did
any
thing
signally
;
if
their
pay
was
six
Aspers
before
,
he
advanced
it
to
twelve
;
and
God
knows
what
emulation
and
courage
that
raised
in
the
several
Oda's
:
The
Principal
Officers
regal'd
the
Grand
Vizer
.
The
Beglerby
of
Natolia
sent
him
six
black
Eunuch
Boys
,
and
received
from
him
a
rich
Saber
or
Sword
of
a
more
than
ordinary
temper
.
The
Vizer
sent
a
noble
Tent
to
Zambatag-Ogli-Houssekni
.
Such
of
the
Spahi
as
had
been
defective
in
their
duties
,
and
were
to
be
drubb'd
,
according
to
their
discipline
of
War
,
were
pardon'd
in
respect
of
that
day
;
as
also
such
of
the
Janizaries
,
as
for
their
misdemeanours
were
condemned
to
be
beaten
with
cudgels
on
their
buttocks
.
A
Timariot
or
Teskerectis
that
before
was
worth
but
five
or
six
thousand
Aspers
a
year
,
was
advanced
to
a
Teskereber
,
or
a
Timar
of
twenty
thousand
pound
.
Some
of
the
Janizaries
produced
the
heads
of
Christians
that
they
had
concealed
three
or
four
days
together
,
to
have
their
recompence
inlarged
that
day
.
The
Kaimacan
gave
three
Sequins
to
a
Pioner
for
having
taken
a
pair
of
Gloves
from
a
Christian
;
and
to
take
a
pair
of
Gloves
is
looked
upon
as
a
great
prize
,
for
the
Turks
wearing
none
themselves
,
't
is
no
easie
matter
to
come
by
them
any
other
way
.
I
saw
the
Vizer
as
he
passed
to
the
Eouylai
,
(
which
is
one
of
their
services
of
devotion
)
he
was
talking
to
Mehemet-Aga
his
Kiaia
,
or
Intendant
of
his
house
,
an
honest
man
,
moderate
,
and
one
who
has
done
many
good
offices
to
the
Christians
.
The
Grand
Vizer
was
going
to
his
own
Mosque
,
for
he
had
one
belonging
to
his
own
Quarters
,
to
which
none
but
his
own
servants
resorted
.
He
has
alwayes
five
or
six
Imans
or
Priests
which
attend
him
in
the
Army
to
perform
Divine
Service
,
and
every
great
Officer
has
two
or
three
.
The
Vizer
was
attended
by
a
throng
of
Officers
,
and
select
men
of
his
Troops
that
followed
him
in
confusion
.
At
the
head
of
the
Procession
were
ten
Trumpets
,
and
as
many
Bag-pipes
playing
and
sounding
before
him
:
There
was
likewise
a
Touke
or
kind
of
a
Banner
with
seven
horse
tails
fastned
to
a
Pike
;
but
the
other
Touks
carried
before
the
other
Officers
had
fewer
according
to
the
difference
of
their
qualities
,
six
tails
before
a
Beglerbey
,
and
two
before
a
Bachas
.
When
prayers
were
done
,
he
treated
all
the
Officers
and
three
Oda's
or
Companies
who
had
performed
very
well
in
a
late
action
.
He
never
dines
alone
,
but
sends
alwayes
for
the
Officers
that
come
off
the
Guards
,
that
either
at
dinner
or
afterwards
they
may
give
him
an
account
of
their
proceedings
.
He
loves
good
Meat
,
but
abhors
Wine
;
contrary
to
the
humour
of
his
Father
,
who
delighted
in
it
exceedingly
.
He
diverts
himself
sometimes
a
Hunting
,
sometimes
at
Chess
,
and
takes
great
pleasure
in
seeing
his
Officers
dance
.
He
had
with
him
besides
,
seven
or
eight
Hoingi
,
or
Dancing-Masters
,
who
danced
to
two
or
three
Base-Vials
,
or
Instruments
very
like
them
:
Sometimes
they
danced
alone
,
sometimes
two
and
two
,
and
sometimes
more
:
They
dance
likewise
with
a
sort
of
Castignettes
,
and
do
very
well
:
These
dancers
have
upon
them
little
strait
wastcoats
that
come
down
to
their
girdle
,
from
whence
they
have
a
kind
of
petticoats
(
like
our
Women
)
which
come
down
to
the
ground
,
and
are
very
wide
;
and
their
great
dexterity
being
in
turning
swiftly
and
long
upon
one
foot
,
the
wind
getting
under
their
petticoats
fills
them
up
like
a
sail
:
In
this
posture
the
Hoingi
will
bow
,
plunge
,
leap
up
again
,
appear
and
disappear
with
strange
promptitude
and
exactness
.
There
was
one
thing
I
thought
remarkable
;
Not
long
since
in
Turkie
there
was
a
sort
of
Religious
Mahumetans
called
Dervis
,
whose
Devotion
consisted
in
dancing
in
their
Mosques
,
which
they
would
perform
with
indefatigable
swiftness
:
The
Vizer
having
driven
them
lately
out
of
Romulia
,
those
who
had
no
mind
to
go
so
far
as
their
Principal
Covent
at
Cogna
in
Asia
,
turned
Hoingi
,
and
danced
as
eagerly
for
Money
as
ever
they
had
done
for
Devotion
.
In
the
Evening
the
Grand
Vizer
took
Horse
,
and
rode
to
Eina-die
,
or
New-Candia
,
to
confer
with
Fateim
Kadun
,
who
was
come
thither
to
meet
him
,
from
her
Quarters
at
Philopoli
,
which
is
a
great
House
standing
upon
the
Road
betwixt
Candia
and
Girapietra
.
Nothing
passed
in
the
Siege
,
nor
indeed
in
the
whole
Empire
,
but
the
Vizer
imparted
it
to
his
Mother
.
She
brought
with
her
into
Candia
forty
or
fifty
Eunuchs
,
two
thirds
of
which
number
are
imployed
constantly
all
over
Turkie
for
intelligence
:
All
news
from
Larissa
is
conveyed
by
some
or
other
of
them
,
I
say
news
,
because
Orders
are
sent
always
by
other
people
.
The
greatest
resolves
are
still
concerted
betwixt
her
and
her
Son
;
and
the
supplyes
of
Men
or
Money
were
managed
for
the
most
part
by
their
Eunuchs
,
for
which
the
Vizer's
Slaves
bare
them
no
good
will
:
It
was
so
much
money
out
of
their
pockets
,
and
their
gain
was
so
great
,
that
it
was
reported
some
months
since
,
two
single
Voyages
were
worth
to
one
of
Fateima's
Eunuchs
above
twenty
thousand
Crowns
.
The
Eleventh
at
night
,
the
Vizer's
Quarters
was
all
in
Arms
,
upon
Alarm
of
a
Mine
which
the
Venetians
sprang
before
the
Fort
of
Saint
Andre
:
There
were
slain
in
that
business
above
sixty
Janizaries
,
most
of
them
Officers
,
as
good
as
any
in
the
Army
,
and
all
of
them
the
Vizer's
Creatures
;
and
it
was
reported
,
that
the
Venetians
to
improve
their
advantage
,
were
sallying
out
of
the
Town
;
but
that
was
but
a
report
.
The
twelfth
of
May
in
the
Morning
I
saw
several
Companies
of
Janizaries
come
to
bid
their
Chor-baggi's
or
Captains
good
morrow
,
and
't
is
it
seems
their
custome
every
morning
.
To
requite
their
Civility
,
the
Captains
present
every
Souldier
with
a
dish
of
Coffee
,
which
is
the
only
thing
that
ever
they
return
them
.
When
a
Souldier
is
killed
,
his
cloaths
go
to
the
Chor-baggi
,
but
his
Arms
and
the
Money
about
him
is
delivered
to
the
Treasurer-General
of
the
Army
,
who
is
accountable
for
it
to
the
Vizer
:
But
the
Money
passing
through
the
hands
of
the
Chor-baggi
,
to
whom
the
body
is
brought
off
to
be
stripped
,
does
many
times
stick
to
his
fingers
,
and
come
short
to
the
Treasurer
.
But
if
a
Janizary
be
mortally
wounded
,
and
has
time
to
make
his
Will
,
he
may
bequeath
what
he
pleases
to
the
Souldiers
of
his
own
Oda
,
to
supply
their
necessities
:
They
are
paid
but
once
in
three
months
,
and
,
as
I
said
before
,
their
pay
is
unequal
.
The
new
raised
men
have
but
six
Aspers
a
day
,
which
is
about
three
pence
half
penny
of
ours
;
and
those
who
have
most
have
but
twelve
pence
,
but
then
the
Grand
Signior
finds
them
Victuals
:
Their
allowance
to
six
Souldiers
is
a
dish
of
Rice
,
and
about
a
pound
of
bread
to
a
Man
;
every
fourth
day
they
have
six
ounces
of
flesh
,
and
their
drink
is
all
out
of
the
River
of
Giofiro
:
they
may
supply
one
another
out
of
their
pay
or
their
plunder
,
but
they
must
be
sure
to
keep
touch
with
their
Sutlers
,
and
have
a
care
of
committing
the
least
insolence
towards
them
.
At
first
it
was
death
for
a
Janizary
to
drink
Wine
,
and
they
made
it
a
point
of
Religion
,
because
of
the
Seditions
which
their
drunkenness
had
produced
;
but
of
late
,
the
severity
of
that
Law
has
been
turned
upon
the
Sutlers
who
furnish
them
;
and
the
Janizary
escapes
with
fifty
good
blows
upon
the
buttocks
,
inflicted
punctually
by
the
Oda
Baschi
,
or
Lieutenant
of
the
Company
,
with
a
good
cudgel
.
When
a
Turkish
Souldier
has
done
any
thing
that
deserves
death
,
they
dare
not
execute
him
publickly
,
but
he
is
strangled
in
private
,
which
in
my
judgement
argues
a
weakness
in
the
Government
and
Authority
of
their
Officers
:
But
the
Janizaries
look
upon
it
as
a
respect
to
men
of
the
Sword
;
for
the
whole
Empire
being
nothing
but
their
conquest
and
acquisition
,
it
is
but
suitable
to
the
Dignity
and
Justice
of
their
Monarch
,
to
have
their
errours
and
offences
concealed
,
and
their
persons
preserved
from
publick
infamy
and
disgrace
.
I
had
alwayes
hitherto
a
great
curiosity
to
be
prying
into
their
Trenches
,
and
observe
the
disposition
of
their
Works
;
but
it
fell
now
to
my
share
,
and
I
could
not
avoid
it
.
The
danger
was
great
,
and
death
never
so
manifest
to
me
as
now
.
The
being
exposed
to
the
continual
shooting
from
the
Town
,
was
the
least
of
my
trouble
;
but
the
fear
of
being
discovered
by
the
Turks
,
and
punished
as
a
spie
,
was
a
thing
that
stuck
very
close
to
me
,
and
made
me
almost
repent
my
curiosity
that
had
brought
me
to
Candia
.
I
repaired
forthwith
to
my
old
Confident
Osman
Chelebi
,
and
told
him
how
it
stood
,
who
smiling
,
told
me
,
If
I
could
secure
my self
from
the
one
,
he
would
bring
me
off
from
the
danger
of
the
other
.
His
Friends
had
solicited
so
effectually
for
his
Timar
,
that
it
was
time
for
him
to
think
of
doing
something
extraordinary
:
Every
Timariot
is
obliged
to
bring
as
many
men
to
the
War
,
as
he
has
times
three
three
thousand
Aspers
in
the
revenue
of
his
Timar
,
and
those
●hen
are
called
Gebelous
.
In
Candia
the●r
imployment
was
only
to
carry
Earth
,
or
be
serviceable
to
their
great
Guns
:
Osman
Chelebi
according
to
his
share
was
to
find
four
of
these
Gebelous
:
In
complement
I
must
needs
make
one
of
them
,
to
save
him
that
expence
.
I
did
not
at
first
consider
the
thing
,
nor
imagine
I
had
been
serving
against
the
Christians
;
if
I
had
,
I
should
have
made
more
scruple
,
and
perhaps
pretended
conscience
in
the
case
.
I
expected
,
that
by
the
favour
of
some
Officer
of
his
acquaintance
,
I
should
have
been
excused
,
if
I
had
advanced
about
a
hundred
paces
into
the
Trenches
,
when
the
Guards
had
been
relieved
,
which
might
have
been
done
without
any
great
hazards
,
that
time
being
the
least
dangerous
,
for
if
the
Christians
had
sallied
to
disturb
them
,
they
would
have
had
upon
their
hands
the
Troops
that
came
off
,
as
well
as
those
that
went
on
to
relieve
them
;
but
I
reckoned
without
mine
Host
.
I
attended
Osman
Chelebi
to
the
Tent
of
the
Grand
Engineer
of
the
Ottoman
Army
called
Isouf
Meymar
Azem
,
Meymar
being
the
title
which
they
give
to
any
Eminent
Engineer
or
Architect
.
We
went
with
him
to
the
Seraile
of
the
Topigi
Bachi
,
or
Grand
Master
of
their
Artillery
.
This
Officer
(
one
of
the
most
considerable
in
the
Empire
)
was
a
poor
Mariner
at
Constantinople
who
lived
upon
ten
or
twelve
pence
a
day
,
by
crossing
the
water
betwixt
Constantinople
and
Pera
:
He
put
himself
among
the
Officers
of
the
Artillery
,
and
passed
with
them
into
Candia
,
where
the
Grand
Vizir
having
displaced
the
Topigi
upon
some
exception
against
him
,
and
observing
this
Mariner
to
be
very
handy
and
dexterous
at
removing
and
ordering
the
Cannon
for
the
Batteries
,
advanced
him
to
that
Office
,
and
made
him
Topigi
Bachi
,
quite
contrary
to
the
practice
in
our
Countries
.
Among
the
Christians
a
man
of
Birth
and
no
Merit
,
shall
be
sure
to
make
his
Fortune
;
among
the
Turks
a
man
of
Merit
,
let
his
Extraction
be
what
it
will
,
shall
be
sure
to
be
preferred
.
With
the
Topigi
Bachi
we
found
a
great
number
of
Topigilers
or
Cannoneers
and
Gebegilers
,
or
people
that
have
care
of
keeping
the
Arms
,
and
preparing
their
Fire-works
;
to
be
short
,
every
man
being
to
be
imployed
,
they
clapped
a
Scuttle
at
my
back
,
and
a
Mattock
into
my
hand
,
and
thought
they
did
me
a
great
deal
of
honour
,
for
of
three
hundred
Ziams
,
Timars
,
and
Gebelous
that
were
waiting
for
Orders
,
I
was
the
first
that
was
provided
:
Osman
Chelebi
himself
put
on
the
same
harness
,
and
being
to
furnish
three
more
Gebelours
,
he
picked
out
three
miserable
Greeks
,
who
for
six
Aspers
a
piece
,
suffered
themselves
to
be
tied
by
the
legs
with
a
thick
Cord
(
like
Pigs
leading
to
the
Market
)
for
fear
they
should
escape
into
the
Town
,
which
they
do
as
often
as
they
can
.
I
had
been
tied
with
the
rest
,
but
that
Osman
Chelebi
undertook
for
my
Fidelity
,
which
turned
much
to
my
disadvantage
;
for
the
Meymar
believing
me
well
affected
thereupon
,
did
me
the
favour
to
put
me
among
those
who
were
to
throw
the
Grenadoes
,
and
at
that
time
were
appointed
to
run
up
to
the
Christians
Works
,
and
pull
away
their
bags
of
Wool
and
Earth
,
wherewith
they
had
faced
their
Redoubts
;
and
this
was
to
be
done
in
haste
,
when
the
Enemy
was
hottest
a
firing
;
to
coxe
me
,
they
told
me
by
this
means
I
should
have
opportunity
to
be
one
of
the
first
that
should
cut
off
the
Christians
heads
;
and
indeed
of
fifty
heads
that
were
brought
off
,
above
thirty
were
cut
off
by
those
Grenado
men
;
and
they
perswaded
me
moreover
,
that
two
heads
wou●d
do
my
business
,
and
make
my
Fortune
for
ever
.
Then
it
was
I
began
to
repent
me
of
my
forwardness
,
and
I
vowed
solemnly
to
God
Almighty
,
that
if
I
went
on
with
these
Grenadeers
,
I
would
if
possible
,
escape
into
the
Town
,
and
lose
my
life
there
to
expiate
my
impious
curiosity
:
In
order
to
my
Grenadiership
,
they
had
taken
my
Scuttle
off
my
back
,
and
put
a
linnen
bagg
full
of
Grenadoes
about
my
shoulders
like
a
scarff
;
but
it
came
into
my
mind
to
tell
them
,
that
I
feared
I
was
not
dexterous
enough
for
that
service
,
and
desired
that
they
would
rather
put
me
among
those
who
were
to
pull
down
the
Palisadoes
;
for
,
lest
I
should
render
my self
suspected
,
I
thought
it
not
sit
to
decline
one
service
,
and
recommend
my self
to
another
that
was
not
so
dangerous
;
yet
I
had
my
reason
,
for
that
time
was
not
altogether
proper
for
pulling
down
Palisadoes
;
the
best
time
for
that
being
after
a
rain
,
when
fastning
ropes
to
them
,
they
can
loosen
them
with
more
ease
;
or
else
in
a
great
wind
,
by
firing
Bavins
under
them
:
To
gratifie
my
request
they
let
me
alone
with
my
Scuttle
and
Mattock
,
and
away
I
marched
with
a
Rascally
Renegado
,
who
,
during
our
attaque
,
had
orders
to
run
away
into
the
Town
,
and
inform
himself
of
its
condition
.
They
had
given
him
his
Lesson
,
as
Osman
Chelebi
told
me
,
and
directed
him
to
tell
strange
stories
out
of
the
Camp
,
to
make
him
the
more
credible
to
the
Christians
.
He
had
instructions
to
tell
them
,
That
the
Vizir
inraged
at
the
cowardize
of
his
Troops
,
had
killed
three
Officers
with
his
own
hand
;
that
they
were
almost
starved
in
the
Camp
,
the
Soldiers
mutining
every
day
,
and
the
Grand
Signior
resolved
to
cut
off
the
Vizir's
head
,
if
the
Town
were
not
taken
in
a
month
;
and
that
as
a
mark
of
his
displeasure
to
the
Grand
Vizir
,
he
had
sent
to
him
to
deliver
a
rich
Vest
and
a
Sabre
that
he
had
given
him
not
long
before
;
by
such
stories
as
these
they
too
often
delude
the
poor
Christians
.
By
the
way
we
met
a
party
of
Gionoullous
or
Voluntiers
,
who
follow
the
Army
at
their
own
charges
in
hopes
by
some
great
action
to
merit
a
Timar
,
which
is
the
usual
recompence
the
Vizir
bestows
upon
such
persons
;
but
then
they
must
wait
for
a
vacancy
,
and
they
will
be
sure
to
have
an
eye
upon
them
.
As
we
passed
them
we
heard
two
or
three
of
these
Gionoullous
,
seeing
our
Ziams
and
Timariots
marching
upon
service
,
wish
good
luck
to
the
Christian
Musquets
,
that
they
might
make
room
for
them
;
and
indeed
those
Timariots
are
never
drawn
out
for
an
attaque
,
but
the
Ginoullous
send
their
prayers
along
with
them
,
that
they
may
never
return
.
We
passed
on
to
the
first
Trenches
which
the
Turks
had
made
upon
the
Rock
,
for
having
brought
their
Approaches
so
far
,
they
could
not
any
way
secure
themselves
but
by
bringing
Earth
from
other
places
.
When
I
saw
their
Trenches
,
I
was
amazed
to
think
how
the
Christians
had
described
them
:
'T
is
true
,
they
are
not
made
so
methodically
as
ours
,
with
lines
parallel
to
the
front
of
the
place
besieged
.
The
way
of
the
Turks
is
to
advance
as
much
as
they
can
,
and
every
forty
paces
to
make
an
elbow
or
little
turning
,
which
yet
does
not
hinder
their
line
.
Their
Intrenchments
or
Approaches
are
twice
as
broad
as
ours
,
which
at
the
bottom
are
at
most
but
seven
or
nine
foot
;
whereas
the
Turks
Trenches
,
when
the
ground
will
permit
,
are
fifteen
or
sixteen
foot
wide
,
that
the
Troops
appointed
to
sustain
the
Pioneers
,
may
make
a
large
front
the
better
to
repel
the
Salleys
of
the
Garrison
.
One
thing
I
observed
among
them
that
is
practised
among
us
,
They
never
begin
to
post
their
Soldiers
in
the
Trenches
till
they
have
brought
their
approaches
to
the
Counter-scarpe
;
for
till
they
be
advanced
thither
their
Troops
are
lodged
in
the
Redoubts
,
or
places
of
Arms.
Their
places
of
Arms
are
open
behind
like
ours
,
for
the
better
drawing
themselves
into
Battalia
to
repulse
a
Salley
.
Their
Redoubts
are
generally
faced
with
Stone
:
Their
Trenches
are
made
with
Blindes
,
and
their
Blinds
are
made
with
thick
pieces
of
Timber
covered
over
with
Faggots
,
and
Earth
upon
them
to
shelter
the
Pioneers
while
they
are
at
work
.
We
drew
out
about
fifty
or
sixty
Pioneers
to
repair
a
battery
which
the
Canon
from
the
Town
had
beaten
down
.
I
saw
some
of
their
Guns
there
that
carried
six
and
twenty
pound
Bullet
.
From
this
Platform
it
was
,
that
looking
towards
their
works
,
I
saw
as
it
were
a
Forest
of
Palisado's
that
frighted
me
exceedingly
:
Imagine
you
saw
a
great
Battalion
of
Pikes
,
with
their
Pikes
advanced
;
their
works
were
set
as
thick
with
Palisado's
,
whereas
in
some
places
,
the
Palisado's
in
the
opposite
works
were
ten
foot
asunder
.
The
ground
had
been
blown
up
a
hundred
times
by
the
Mines
of
one
side
or
the
other
.
In
short
there
was
not
one
foot
to
spare
,
but
immediately
some
Trench
or
other
was
thrown
up
in
it
;
either
a
Bonnette
,
a
Caponniere
,
or
an
Antestature
,
and
that
you
may
not
be
perplexed
with
those
terms
,
being
a
sort
of
works
almost
quite
unknown
in
France
,
I
shall
explain
them
as
follows
.
The
Bonnette
is
a
kind
of
Ravelin
set
round
with
Palisado's
;
't
is
filled
three
foot
thick
with
Earth
to
cover
them
from
shot
,
but
without
any
Ditch
.
The
Antestatures
are
little
Traverses
or
Retrenchments
thrown
up
in
haste
with
bags
of
Earth
,
or
Palisado's
in
some
place
that
they
cannot
keep
entire
,
but
the
Enemy
having
possessed
themselves
of
one
part
they
would
willingly
preserve
the
rest
.
In
spight
of
the
danger
I
was
in
,
I
could
not
but
admire
that
prodigious
ground
where
more
than
once
or
twice
ten
thousand
men
had
been
imployed
a
month
together
,
to
force
a
single
man
back
but
four
yards
.
No
ground
in
the
world
did
ever
cost
so
dear
,
though
it
were
a
Mine
of
Gold
.
The
possession
of
four
Fathoms
of
ground
in
Candia
,
had
been
in
dispute
above
twenty
years
,
and
gained
at
last
with
Rivers
of
blood
,
and
many
times
the
best
blood
in
Europe
.
But
I
was
taken
from
my
contemplations
to
work
in
a
Gallery
that
was
to
be
carried
on
to
the
very
wall
of
the
Town
.
A
Gallery
is
a
way
under-ground
carried
on
under
the
Enemies
works
for
the
passage
of
the
Miner
when
he
goes
to
prepare
the
Chamber
of
the
Mine
,
with
intention
to
blow
up
some
work
.
The
Galleries
of
both
parties
do
often
meet
,
and
then
they
who
can
drive
out
the
other
,
either
with
sire
or
smoke
,
are
masters
of
both
,
and
the
vanquished
must
retire
.
We
no
sooner
struck
a
stroke
with
our
Mattocks
,
but
we
clap'd
our
Ears
to
the
ground
to
listen
whether
the
Christians
were
not
at
work
as
well
as
we
;
for
many
times
both
sides
are
working
not
above
a
foot
from
one
another
.
At
some
times
,
and
in
some
places
the
Pioneers
for
fear
of
being
heard
,
have
been
glad
to
loosen
the
Earth
with
their
Nails
,
or
work
it
out
with
the
point
of
their
Knives
.
If
any
Mine
be
near
,
't
is
immediately
sprung
,
to
blow
up
the
Pioneers
,
and
oftentimes
the
condition
of
the
Earth
deceiving
the
Engineer
that
causes
it
to
be
blown
up
,
falls
back
upon
those
who
gave
fire
to
the
Mine
,
and
the
great
art
is
to
make
them
evaporate
.
In
the
little
time
I
was
digging
there
,
I
met
more
bones
and
carkases
of
men
than
shovels-full
of
earth
;
Sometimes
I
digged
a
man
up
from
under
my
feet
,
and
perhaps
had
I
digged
there
but
one
hour
before
,
I
might
have
found
him
alive
,
and
had
him
begg'd
of
me
to
pull
him
out
.
I
must
confess
I
had
at
that
time
great
horrours
upon
me
,
and
being
perceived
by
a
young
Turk
that
had
been
used
to
the
Trade
,
I
was
laught
at
for
my
pains
.
Upon
the
same
occasion
he
had
many
times
leaped
into
the
Christians
Galleries
,
and
brought
away
several
of
their
Heads
:
He
told
our
Camerades
aloud
that
I
was
so
afraid
of
the
Swords
of
the
Venetians
,
that
he
saw
me
three
or
four
times
put
my
hand
to
my
neck
to
feel
whether
my
head
was
not
cut
off
.
I
opened
my
Eyes
as
well
as
my
Ears
to
inform
my self
whether
the
Christians
were
not
at
work
near
me
,
and
to
speak
truth
,
for
the
security
of
my
head
I
found
an
obligation
upon
me
to
have
a
care
how
I
slept
in
that
Quarter
.
At
length
the
Mine
being
fitted
,
we
retired
to
see
it
play
;
when
we
came
forth
of
the
Gallery
we
saw
several
Janizaries
laughing
to
see
us
in
that
condition
:
There
is
a
mortal
hatred
betwixt
the
Janizaries
and
the
Timariots
,
for
the
Janizaries
being
never
imployed
but
at
handy-strokes
,
have
them
in
contempt
who
are
imployed
in
the
Mines
.
Osman
Chelebi
was
not
a
person
that
would
be
abused
,
and
therefore
seeing
one
of
the
Janizaries
deriding
him
,
told
him
,
You
are
a
happy
man
,
for
I
have
digg'd
you
a
hole
to
hide
your self
in
.
Another
Timariot
that
was
not
commanded
along
with
us
,
but
expected
us
when
we
came
off
,
at
the
end
of
the
Gallery
,
came
to
congratulate
with
one
of
his
friends
,
and
embracing
him
,
demanded
,
Do
you
come
back
empty
handed
?
have
you
made
your
fortune
upon
the
Christians
,
and
brought
ever
a
head
along
with
you
?
Yes
one
,
(
replied
his
friend
)
and
that
is
my
own
,
which
I
assure
you
was
in
no
little
danger
.
'T
is
not
to
be
imagined
how
much
the
Janizaries
despise
the
Timariots
,
and
all
the
Spahi
in
general
.
They
call
them
in
derision
Sinek
,
which
is
as
much
as
Flies
,
and
this
the
Spahi
are
forced
to
indure
,
because
of
the
authority
and
strict
union
among
those
sort
of
people
:
The
nick-name
that
the
Spahi
and
Timariots
give
the
Janizaries
,
is
Toslouk
,
or
Buskins
,
because
they
wear
such
kind
of
things
about
their
Legs
,
but
then
they
will
be
sure
to
be
the
stronger
,
or
they
will
never
venture
to
provoke
them
.
At
the
same
time
that
we
gave
fire
to
our
Mine
,
the
besieged
sprung
two
of
their
own
:
It
was
a
dismal
spectacle
to
behold
the
Men
and
the
Earth
thrown
up
promiscuously
into
the
Air
,
and
the
smoke
being
but
little
,
gave
us
that
lamentable
convenience
.
Some
of
the
Christians
were
blown
alive
into
the
Trenches
of
the
Turks
;
and
some
of
the
Turks
wasted
into
the
Ditch
,
others
upon
the
Ramparts
of
the
Town
with
their
Arms
in
their
Hands
.
It
was
like
a
horrible
shower
of
flesh
to
behold
the
separated
Members
come
down
,
whilst
others
were
bruised
and
blown
about
from
one
side
to
another
.
We
ran
with
all
speed
to
disingage
such
as
were
buried
alive
;
some
we
found
only
frighted
,
without
any
hurt
.
They
shew
me
an
Azappe
,
or
one
of
their
Perdu's
,
who
had
been
twice
digged
out
of
the
ground
;
but
all
were
not
so
happy
,
for
some
of
them
were
half
buried
,
stuck
fast
from
the
Girdle
downwards
,
and
cried
out
with
all
their
might
,
but
they
had
as
good
have
been
quite
under
ground
,
for
the
Christians
ran
out
and
chopped
off
their
heads
.
The
effect
of
these
three
Mines
was
only
to
have
blown
up
some
of
the
Guards
;
to
have
destroyed
some
Works
;
and
in
some
measure
inlarged
the
Breaches
.
The
quantity
of
Powder
required
for
a
Mine
,
is
fifteen
,
sixteen
,
sometimes
Twenty
,
and
Five
and
Twenty
Barrels
,
according
to
the
weight
and
thickness
of
the
ground
they
would
blow
up
.
The
Venetians
to
blow
up
the
Placca
made
use
of
a
Hundred
and
Fifty
Barrels
,
and
they
were
no
more
than
was
necessary
,
being
to
blow
up
a
Rock
of
Two
and
Twenty
foot
thick
.
It
was
in
my
power
to
have
learned
the
construction
of
their
superficial
Furnaces
as
they
called
them
in
Candia
where
only
they
are
in
use
;
but
I
had
not
that
curiosity
,
and
indeed
I
found
I
had
had
already
too
much
.
Osman
Chelebi
came
to
Complement
me
at
my
coming
out
of
the
Works
;
and
to
cajole
me
,
told
me
I
had
done
wonders
.
That
it
was
taken
notice
of
by
the
Turks
,
that
I
was
to
value
my self
much
upon
their
approbation
:
That
I
should
doubtless
have
the
honour
to
be
continued
,
and
be
by
degrees
infallibly
advanced
to
some
imployment
more
worthy
my
address
.
He
told
me
moreover
,
that
there
was
a
design
on
foot
,
to
commit
the
conduct
and
firing
of
one
of
their
superficial
Furnaces
to
me
;
and
the
manner
of
those
Furnaces
is
thus
.
Three
or
four
Bombes
or
Fire-balls
are
shut
up
close
in
a
Wooden
Box
,
and
the
Box
conveyed
as
near
the
Enemies
Work
as
possible
;
when
't
is
as
near
as
you
can
get
,
you
hide
it
in
the
ground
,
and
cover
it
over
with
earth
.
There
is
nothing
in
the
world
better
,
nor
quicker
at
ruining
an
Approach
:
There
is
no
great
difficulty
to
give
fire
to
it
,
because
it
may
be
done
with
a
Saucidge
(
as
they
call
them
)
or
a
Train
,
at
what
distance
you
please
.
The
great
danger
is
in
placing
the
Box
,
which
though
done
for
the
most
part
in
the
night
,
does
not
make
it
altogether
safe
;
for
the
Engineer
is
obliged
to
have
a
special
care
of
his
head
.
Osman
Chelebi
presented
me
with
one
of
them
,
but
God
knows
how
joyfully
I
received
it
.
The
Christian
Engineers
have
no
sooner
invented
a
new
way
,
either
for
their
Fortifications
or
Fire-works
,
but
the
Meymars
have
present
advertisement
by
some
of
the
Renegado's
from
the
Town
.
The
stories
they
have
told
of
him
in
the
Camp
,
have
not
only
discovered
but
recommended
to
the
estimation
of
the
Turks
,
the
Inventions
and
Experiments
of
the
Chevalier
Verneda
,
who
commands
all
the
Engineers
in
the
Garison
;
and
the
address
and
dexterity
of
Giovine
who
is
excellent
at
Countermines
.
I
found
it
was
not
true
(
though
I
had
often
been
told
it
)
that
there
were
certain
well
disciplined
Troops
of
Christians
in
the
Turkish
Service
.
At
the
beginning
of
the
Siege
indeed
,
the
Turks
being
willing
to
have
wheedled
the
Greek
Nobless
that
belonged
to
the
Isle
of
Sfacciottes
,
did
promise
them
free
exercise
of
their
Religion
if
they
would
serve
against
the
Venetian
;
but
they
were
so
far
from
accepting
the
Proposal
,
that
to
show
their
detestation
,
during
the
first
years
of
the
Mahumetan
Invasion
,
they
made
the
Turks
sensible
of
their
indignation
and
courage
,
by
many
atchievements
against
them
.
Of
this
Island
of
Sfacciottes
were
the
famous
Colonels
,
Zymbi
,
Balzamo
,
and
Calamo
,
of
whom
the
Caloger
at
Athens
had
given
so
fair
a
character
,
and
of
whose
bravery
I
may
perhaps
give
you
a
relation
hereafter
.
Many
of
the
Inhabitants
were
Originally
Italians
,
from
whence
their
Fore-fathers
had
been
invited
by
the
Grecian
Emperours
into
the
said
Island
after
the
devastation
made
in
it
by
the
Sarazens
.
I
must
needs
confess
I
have
slept
better
than
I
did
the
twelfth
of
May
at
Night
;
I
fancied
my self
called
every
moment
to
go
away
with
my
superficial
Furnace
,
and
see
it
do
execution
:
I
had
no
maw
to
the
Service
,
I
found
my
Conscience
not
so
good
proof
against
the
remorses
I
felt
for
having
served
against
the
Christians
already
;
and
if
you
will
have
the
truth
,
perhaps
there
was
some
little
mixture
of
fear
.
But
the
13
th
of
May
in
the
morning
beyond
my
expectation
,
Osman
Chelebi
having
left
me
three
hours
before
,
came
back
again
to
me
in
great
haste
,
and
told
me
he
had
a
request
to
me
that
I
must
not
deny
him
:
I
thought
of
nothing
but
that
I
had
been
to
go
along
with
him
upon
service
,
to
enter
some
Breach
,
or
spring
some
Mine
with
him
;
but
he
told
me
I
must
needs
do
him
the
favour
to
return
to
Emporion
for
him
,
for
the
Grand
Vizer
had
given
him
a
very
good
Timar
in
those
parts
;
he
himself
being
unable
to
quit
the
service
,
was
constrained
to
desire
the
courtesie
of
me
to
carry
his
Letters
of
Provision
to
his
Father
in
Law
,
and
to
press
him
to
take
possession
of
the
Timar
,
by
turning
out
a
person
who
by
surprize
had
got
a
Grant
of
it
from
the
Beglerbey
of
Romulia
;
My
Spirits
began
immediately
to
revive
:
He
needed
no
such
fine
language
to
perswade
me
,
I
offered
my self
with
the
greatest
willingness
imaginable
,
not
so
much
as
straining
a
complement
so
far
as
to
let
him
know
how
much
pain
and
trouble
it
would
be
to
me
,
to
leave
him
behind
:
He
gave
me
his
dispatches
under
the
hand
and
seal
of
the
Vizer's
Caimacan
.
The
Caimacan
is
an
Officer
considerable
,
has
a
share
in
the
Civil
Affairs
,
and
manages
them
in
part
.
In
all
Turkie
there
are
never
but
three
contemporary
Caimacans
,
and
sometimes
but
two
:
One
is
constantly
Resident
at
Constantinople
;
another
alwayes
attends
the
Grand
Signior
,
and
if
the
Grand
Vizer
be
remote
from
the
Court
,
he
has
another
with
him
;
but
when
he
returns
to
the
Sultan's
Court
,
that
Caimacan
is
suspended
.
The
Grand
Vizer's
Caimacan
was
like
a
Secretary
of
State
,
or
President
of
the
Council
,
and
at
that
time
had
the
Superintendency
of
the
Army
in
Candia
.
A
Saique
being
in
ten
dayes
time
to
depart
from
Fraskia
,
it
was
resolved
I
should
take
that
opportunity
to
pass
into
Greece
,
so
that
as
it
pleased
God
,
I
sate
still
in
the
Camp
all
the
13
th
of
May
,
not
troubled
with
the
fatigues
or
dangers
of
the
Mattock
and
Scuttle
;
and
Osman
hired
some
of
the
Azappes
and
Greek
Pioneers
to
discharge
the
Duty
that
was
upon
him
in
respect
of
his
Timar
.
In
the
Evening
one
of
the
Christians
running
to
us
out
of
the
Town
,
brought
News
that
one
of
our
Bombes
falling
into
the
Bas●ion
of
Saint
Andre
had
killed
the
Magnifico
Cornaro
Proveditor
General
for
the
Republick
of
Venice
,
a
Person
,
who
being
the
very
Soul
of
their
Army
,
gave
the
Christians
the
greatest
occasion
of
Consternation
that
they
had
hitherto
expressed
;
and
the
Turks
on
the
other
side
,
that
their
Joy
might
hold
some
proportion
with
the
sadness
of
their
Enemy
,
testified
it
by
their
continual
Salvo's
both
from
their
Cannon
and
Small-shot
.
It
was
above
a
Twelvemonth
since
the
Vizer
had
Summoned
the
Town
.
Upon
this
accident
he
caused
a
White
Flag
to
be
hung
out
,
and
sent
them
a
Summons
;
but
the
Christians
reposing
still
upon
the
Conduct
of
the
Marquess
de
Saint
Andre
,
by
their
great
Firing
gave
him
to
understand
that
they
were
not
yet
reduced
to
Terms
of
Capitulation
:
Whereupon
for
the
incouragement
of
his
Camp
,
the
Vizer
caused
it
to
be
spread
abroad
,
that
he
expected
within
three
or
four
dayes
an
Ambassador
from
Venice
to
beg
Peace
upon
his
knee
;
adding
,
that
Venice
it self
was
Tumultuous
and
full
of
Factions
upon
the
protraction
of
the
War
;
and
that
the
People
being
ruined
and
exhaust
with
insupportable
Taxes
,
were
ready
upon
the
first
opportunity
to
throw
themselves
under
the
protection
of
the
Turks
:
This
was
the
great
Artifice
of
their
General
,
and
the
common
discourse
and
belief
of
his
whole
Army
.
To
conclude
,
I
departed
from
the
Camp
the
21.
of
May
,
with
a
Pass-port
from
the
Caimacan
,
and
Letters
from
Osman
Chelebi
:
About
midnight
I
arrived
at
Fraskia
,
where
I
embarked
in
the
aforesaid
Saique
,
and
left
the
Coast
full
of
Horsemen
,
who
at
that
time
kept
better
and
more
exact
Guards
than
formerly
,
upon
expectation
of
a
descent
by
the
Troops
of
the
League
,
and
the
Christian
Princes
:
They
had
News
already
that
their
several
Fleets
were
come
out
,
some
from
Thoulon
,
some
from
Civita-Vecchia
,
and
some
from
Malta
;
and
the
Renegadoes
had
made
the
Camp
ring
with
the
names
of
the
Generalissimo
Vincenzo
Rospigliosi
,
of
the
Duke
de
Beaufort
,
the
Duke
de
Navailles
,
the
Comte
de
Vivonne
,
and
the
Chevalier
Acarigi
General
of
the
Gallies
of
Malta
;
So
that
't
is
an
errour
to
believe
the
Turks
are
ignorant
of
the
very
particulars
of
our
Affairs
,
when
it
is
their
interest
to
know
them
:
The
English
and
Dutch
Vessels
which
are
imployed
daily
in
carrying
over
Men
and
Ammunition
to
Canea
,
do
tell
them
all
our
designs
:
'T
is
true
,
by
an
effect
of
their
great
courage
and
prudence
,
the
Turks
do
not
seem
to
regard
it
;
yet
they
have
their
constant
Intelligences
,
and
make
preparations
privately
against
them
;
and
sometimes
't
is
possible
they
are
abused
,
as
the
Christians
are
:
however
let
their
reports
or
assurances
as
to
this
approaching
great
action
be
what
it
will
,
God
grant
there
may
be
a
good
understanding
betwixt
the
Commanders
of
the
several
Nations
which
make
up
the
Succours
expected
;
If
there
be
,
it
may
please
God
they
may
prosper
,
if
otherwise
,
there
is
great
danger
they
will
miscarry
.
FINIS
.
Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
Notes for div A42320-e170