Charter-Law
with
its
Practice
discovered
▪
CHAP.
I.
Newcastle
upon
Tynes
Patron
.
King
John
surnamed
without
land
Raigned
17
Yeres
and
7
monethes
▪
died
●9
dai●
of
october
▪
121●
.
Was
buried
att
Worcester
in
the
51.
Yere
of
his
age
▪
(
A
)
KIng
John
who
usurped
the
Crown
of
England
,
was
(
only
for
formalities
sake
)
sworn
by
a
Bishop
,
who
being
demanded
the
reason
why
he
did
so
,
said
,
that
by
the
gift
of
Prophecy
,
certified
,
that
at
some
time
King
John
would
take
the
Crown
and
Realm
of
England
,
and
bring
all
to
ruin
and
confusion
,
he
pretending
the
King
his
Brother
was
dead
in
the
time
of
his
being
absent
beyond
Sea
;
being
the
first
Author
of
Charters
(
for
gain
)
and
people
like
himself
,
for
lucre
of
gain
sold
their
Birth-right
,
to
become
Bodies
Corporate
,
and
oppressors
of
the
free-born
people
of
England
:
For
before
Charters
were
,
all
the
Free-holders
of
England
were
free
to
make
Laws
for
the
good
of
the
Nation
;
but
Corporations
being
subordinate
to
such
Laws
as
he
by
his
Prerogative
gave
them
,
being
repugnant
to
the
known
fundamental
Laws
of
England
.
In
the
first
year
of
his
reign
dreadful
tempestuous
weathers
by
rains
,
that
the
grounds
were
so
spoiled
,
that
whereas
corn
was
sold
for
one
shilling
the
Boule
,
in
King
Henry
the
seconds
daies
,
then
cost
13
shillings
the
Boule
;
also
an
abundance
of
fish
found
dead
upon
the
Land
by
the
corruption
of
the
waters
,
no
hay
could
be
mowed
,
and
hale
as
big
as
hens
eggs
.
(
B
)
He
was
an
Usurper
,
a
Tyrant
,
a
bloody
person
,
a
Murderer
,
a
perjured
person
,
a
covetous
person
,
a
demolisher
of
famous
Towns
with
fire
,
and
a
seller
of
Englands
Supremacy
to
the
Pope
[
](A42371-e900-b)*
*
See
chap.
49.
(
B
)
,
whose
reign
was
oppressive
,
and
end
shame
.
For
further
satisfaction
I
refer
you
to
his
true
History
,
I
shall
onely
give
a
brief
of
some
passages
in
his
reign
.
He
made
a
Law
that
all
Jews
that
would
not
turn
Christians
should
pay
a
certain
great
sum
of
money
or
be
imprisoned
,
and
when
they
did
turn
,
they
they
should
have
their
money
again
,
a
young
Merchant
paid
60
l.
to
continue
a
Jew
,
and
after
turned
to
be
a
Christian
,
then
he
demanded
his
money
from
the
King
,
but
he
being
unwilling
to
part
with
money
,
demanded
what
reason
he
had
to
turn
,
and
sent
for
his
Father
and
Mother
to
dis-swade
him
and
to
perswade
him
to
change
again
to
be
a
Jew
.
(
C
)
He
gave
command
that
all
the
Jews
in
England
and
Wales
to
be
forthwith
imprisoned
,
men
,
women
,
and
children
,
by
reason
they
turned
so
fast
to
be
of
his
Religion
,
and
then
seized
on
all
their
riches
to
satisfie
his
covetous
disposition
,
and
such
as
would
not
confess
where
their
money
was
,
pulled
out
their
teeth
and
eies
,
and
then
took
the
thirteenth
part
of
all
estates
moveable
,
to
war
against
the
Earls
of
Marsh
,
who
desired
him
to
forbear
,
but
he
would
not
,
for
which
they
dispossessed
him
of
all
his
Lands
in
France
,
&c.
He
having
little
love
,
to
his
Wife
Izabel
the
Queen
,
was
divorced
,
pretending
she
was
too
near
of
K●n
to
him
,
and
so
took
another
.
(
D
)
He
murthered
Duke
Arthur
Earl
of
Brittan
his
eldest
Brothers
Son
,
being
Heir
to
the
Crown
,
in
the
Castle
of
Roan
in
France
,
and
chased
William
de
Branes
out
of
England
,
and
caused
his
wife
and
children
to
be
starved
to
death
in
Winsor
Castle
.
He
dis-inherited
many
of
the
Nobility
without
Judgement
of
the
Law
,
and
put
to
death
Ramp
Earl
of
Chester
for
reproving
him
for
lying
with
his
Brothers
Wife
,
and
reproached
others
of
his
Nobles
,
telling
them
how
often
he
had
defiled
their
beds
,
and
defloured
their
Daughters
.
(
E
)
He
granted
to
the
City
of
London
their
Charter
,
and
Letters
Pattents
to
chuse
their
Mayor
yeerly
in
the
tenth
year
,
1210
,
who
governs
well
,
&c.
(
F
)
He
removed
the
Exchequer
from
London
to
Northampton
,
and
got
a
great
Army
to
go
against
the
King
of
Scots
,
but
the
King
of
Scots
met
him
and
did
him
homage
,
and
gave
him
his
two
Daughters
as
pledges
,
and
Eleven
thousand
Scotch
Marks
,
and
upon
his
return
took
homage
of
the
Free-holders
of
England
,
and
sware
them
to
his
allegiance
,
11
year
▪
1211.
all
above
11
years
of
age
.
(
G
)
He
made
oath
to
be
obedient
to
the
Pope
of
Rome
by
name
Innocentius
,
to
Randolphe
his
B●ll
,
who
went
with
his
Nobles
to
Dover
where
he
met
with
the
said
Popes
Bull
,
and
there
resigned
the
Crown
with
the
Realm
of
England
and
Ireland
into
the
Popes
hand
,
13
year
▪
S
1212.
See
his
Oath
in
chap.
59.
(
B
)
:
Upon
which
the
Bishops
who
he
had
banished
,
returned
to
England
by
leave
from
the
Pope
.
King
John
met
them
and
fell
flat
upon
his
face
on
the
ground
,
and
asked
them
forgiveness
,
melting
bitterly
into
tears
,
&c.
(
H
)
He
grants
the
very
next
year
after
his
power
was
given
to
the
Pope
,
unto
the
Town
of
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
Letters
Pattents
to
be
a
Corporation
,
and
to
hold
the
said
Town
in
Fee-farm
at
the
rent
of
100
l.
per
annum
,
☞
as
by
the
said
recited
Letters
Pattents
in
the
second
Chapter
more
at
large
appears
An.
1213.
14
year
,
1213
▪
(
Surely
this
Charter
is
not
good
by
Law
,
&c.
)
(
I
)
He
was
the
cause
of
firing
the
chief
Town
in
Northumberland
called
Morpeth
,
and
caused
many
more
Towns
in
England
and
Wales
to
be
burnt
.
The
Barons
of
England
being
armed
,
demanded
of
him
the
Laws
and
Liberties
granted
by
King
Edward
the
Confessor
,
vulgarly
called
St.
Edward
,
he
desired
respite
till
Easter
,
and
gave
Sureties
to
perform
them
.
(
K
)
He
met
with
the
Barons
of
England
in
Running
Meadow
,
15
year
.
between
Winsor
and
Stains
upon
the
16
of
June
,
granted
under
his
hand
to
them
the
Liberties
of
England
,
without
any
difficulty
,
and
the
whole
Realm
was
sworn
thereunto
:
And
soon
after
subtlely
and
privately
sends
to
the
Pope
and
other
Nations
for
Armies
to
make
void
those
Charters
and
Liberties
granted
to
the
Barons
,
and
to
subdue
England
,
and
promised
them
great
rewards
,
Forty
thousand
Souldiers
that
were
to
have
Norfolk
and
Suffolk
to
conquer
England
for
King
John
were
all
cast
away
on
the
Sea
.
The
Pope
sends
in
great
strength
,
who
landed
at
Dover
,
and
destroyed
many
Towns
by
fire
;
and
with
the
sword
slew
many
thousands
of
people
,
the
Pope
excommunicating
the
Barons
particularly
by
their
names
,
great
subversion
and
dissolution
thereupon
fell
,
laying
all
Hedges
and
Ditches
level
,
tormenting
the
Barons
,
16
year
.
with
their
wives
,
&c.
(
L
)
The
Barons
were
necessitated
to
send
for
Lewis
,
Son
to
the
King
of
France
,
for
to
come
with
an
Army
to
joyn
with
them
to
conquer
King
John
,
whose
cruelties
were
intollerable
,
which
was
done
,
and
King
John
overthrown
,
and
forced
to
flee
towards
Lin
;
being
poysoned
by
a
Monk
at
Swinsted
(
the
reason
he
gave
was
,
that
if
he
had
lived
half
a
year
longer
,
17
year
.
a
half
penny
loaf
would
cost
20
s.
)
he
died
,
and
was
buried
at
Worcester
,
and
King
Henry
the
third
,
Son
to
King
John
of
nine
years
of
age
,
was
crowned
at
Glocester
,
&c.
(
M
)
The
reason
of
King
John
his
granting
Charters
in
England
,
and
making
Corporations
,
was
for
that
he
had
but
little
land
,
to
raise
great
Rents
from
them
,
and
to
assist
him
with
strength
by
out-voting
the
Knights
of
(
M
)
the
Shires
,
as
is
hereafter
exprest
;
For
all
Free-holders
of
England
that
had
forty
shillings
a
yeer
,
met
two
times
a
yeer
at
Sessions
Meadows
neer
Rockingham
Castle
in
Northampton-shire
,
and
there
made
such
Laws
as
the
Nation
was
governed
by
,
and
confirmed
by
the
King
.
(
N
)
King
John
resolving
to
have
Monies
and
Aid
of
men
to
go
to
Normandy
to
conquer
them
,
could
not
conveniently
motion
it
,
by
reason
of
the
numerousnesse
of
the
Free-holders
,
but
made
a
speech
to
them
,
that
he
had
contrived
a
very
●it
and
convenient
way
for
the
making
Laws
for
the
good
of
the
whole
Nation
,
which
was
,
that
by
reason
he
conceived
it
a
great
trouble
,
for
all
them
to
come
so
far
for
that
purpose
,
onely
to
make
Laws
,
that
they
would
chuse
two
Knights
of
every
Shire
and
County
in
England
and
Wales
,
and
give
to
them
the
full
power
of
the
Nation
,
and
then
the
said
Knights
to
come
and
fit
with
him
in
Parliament
at
Westminster
,
and
also
to
allow
them
four
shillings
a
day
,
out
of
the
County
stock
,
which
more
plainly
appears
in
the
Statute
of
35.
Hen.
8.
Ch.
11.
Knights
to
have
4
s.
per
diem
,
and
Burgesses
2
s.
per
diem
.
(
O
)
King
John
when
he
had
got
the
hundred
and
four
Knights
in
Parliament
,
they
having
the
full
power
of
the
Nation
from
the
Free-holders
,
immediately
required
from
them
great
Subsidies
,
and
Armies
to
go
for
Normandy
,
to
recover
such
Lands
as
he
had
lost
.
(
P
)
The
Knights
answered
,
they
onely
were
intrusted
to
make
Laws
,
and
not
to
taxe
the
Free-holders
,
who
had
intrusted
them
,
and
not
to
raise
Armies
,
and
that
by
so
doing
,
they
could
not
discharge
the
trust
reposed
in
them
.
(
Q
)
The
King
finding
his
expectation
frustrated
,
having
nothing
doubted
,
but
to
have
wrought
his
design
on
so
small
a
number
(
Mastered
his
passion
,
and
not
long
after
acquainted
the
Knights
,
that
he
was
sorry
for
the
great
burden
which
lay
upon
them
for
making
Laws
,
being
for
a
publick
,
and
that
they
were
too
few
in
number
,
and
that
he
had
found
out
a
way
how
to
ease
them
,
and
bring
in
a
great
revenew
to
free
the
Nation
from
impositions
.
(
R
)
Which
was
,
that
he
resolved
to
Incorporate
all
the
great
Towns
in
England
and
Wales
,
and
depute
Magistrates
to
govern
as
his
Lieutenants
,
and
every
Corporation
should
hold
their
Town
in
Fee-Farm
from
him
and
his
heirs
at
a
certain
Rent
,
some
more
,
others
lesse
,
according
to
the
quality
,
&c.
(
S
)
Also
that
every
Corporation
should
chuse
two
Burgesses
to
●it
,
and
vote
with
them
in
Parliament
,
they
knowing
the
state
of
every
County
,
and
the
Burgesses
of
the
Corporation
(
by
which
means
the
Burgesses
being
more
in
number
then
the
Knights
might
out-vote
them
,
and
vote
for
him
)
the
Knights
medled
not
therein
at
all
,
but
were
out-voted
by
these
Vassals
and
Tenants
to
the
King
,
they
granting
to
him
what
ever
he
demanded
,
or
else
must
forfeit
their
Charters
:
And
he
granted
to
them
what
ever
they
demanded
&c.
(
T
)
The
Free-holders
of
England
were
represented
in
Parliament
by
their
Knights
in
their
Election
;
And
if
the
Burgesses
were
Free-holders
,
then
represented
in
the
same
Knights
.
(
V
)
But
if
the
Burgesses
were
no
Free-holders
,
then
no
power
in
England
to
make
Laws
,
or
to
●it
in
Parliament
to
out-vote
the
true
Representative
,
which
are
the
Knights
,
especially
representing
no
body
further
then
the
will
of
the
King
,
who
was
onely
to
confirm
Laws
,
but
not
to
make
them
.
King
John
had
four
considerations
in
making
great
Towns
Corporations
:
-
1
To
assume
●
Prerogative
.
-
2
To
raise
vast
sums
of
Mony
.
-
3
To
divide
the
Nation
.
-
4
To
enslave
bodies
Corporate
by
being
his
Vassals
and
Slaves
.
Charters
are
no
Laws
,
and
nothing
is
binding
that
is
not
lawful
,
no
Laws
are
made
but
by
Parliament
,
read
Stat.
2.
Edw.
3.
8.
CHAP.
II.
Newcastles
first
Charter
.
(
A
)
KIng
John
by
his
Letters
Pattents
dated
the
day
of
in
the
fourteenth
yeer
of
his
Reign
,
and
in
the
Yeer
of
our
Lord
,
1213.
Granted
,
Demised
,
and
Confirmed
to
the
honest
men
of
the
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
and
to
their
Heirs
,
his
Town
of
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
with
all
the
Appurtenances
,
to
Fee-farm
,
for
one
hundred
pounds
,
to
be
●endred
to
the
said
King
and
his
Heirs
,
at
his
Exchequer
(
to
wit
)
at
the
Feast
of
Ea●ter
fifty
pounds
,
and
at
the
Feast
of
St.
Michael
other
fifty
pounds
,
saving
to
the
said
King
the
Rents
,
Prizes
,
and
Assizes
in
the
Port
of
the
said
Town
.
Further
he
grants
to
them
,
and
confirmeth
one
hundred
and
ten
shillings
and
six
pence
of
Rent
,
which
they
have
by
the
gift
of
the
said
King
in
the
said
Town
,
of
Escheats
,
to
be
divided
and
assigned
to
them
,
who
lost
their
Rents
by
occasion
of
a
Ditch
or
Trench
,
and
of
the
new
work
made
under
the
Castle
towards
the
River
or
Water
,
so
that
thereof
they
might
have
the
more
,
that
lost
the
more
,
and
they
that
lost
the
lesse
,
should
have
the
lesse
.
He
also
granted
to
them
,
for
him
and
his
Heirs
,
that
in
nothing
they
should
be
answerable
to
the
Sheriffe
,
nor
to
the
Constable
,
for
those
things
which
belong
to
them
,
as
the
said
Charter
testifieth
.
Wherefore
he
willeth
and
firmly
commandeth
,
that
the
said
men
,
and
their
Heirs
may
have
and
hold
the
same
Town
with
its
Appurtenances
to
Fee-farm
,
for
the
said
hundred
pounds
yeerly
to
be
paid
,
as
is
aforesaid
,
well
,
and
in
peace
,
freely
,
quietly
,
and
intirely
,
with
all
Liberties
and
free
Customes
,
which
they
were
wont
to
have
in
the
time
of
King
Henry
the
2.
Father
of
the
said
King
John
as
by
the
said
Letters
Pattents
appeareth
.
The
said
King
John
was
the
cause
of
burning
Morpeth
the
chief
Town
in
Northumberland
,
and
many
more
Towns
in
Wales
,
because
of
the
enmity
between
him
and
the
family
of
the
Bruces
,
who
originally
were
planted
in
Wales
.
Wherefore
the
said
Charter
made
by
the
said
King
John
to
the
said
honest
men
of
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
cannot
be
valid
in
Law
,
because
in
the
fourteenth
year
of
his
Reign
,
he
subjected
himself
to
be
a
Vassal
to
the
Pope
of
Rome
,
as
is
aforesaid
,
and
for
many
other
reasons
mentioned
in
the
said
Charter
it self
,
considered
in
themselves
.
In
this
Charter
of
King
John
that
he
grants
to
the
honest
men
of
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
he
mentions
not
the
Port
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
from
Sparhawk
at
Tinmouth-Bar
upon
the
Sea
,
to
Hadwyn
streams
above
Newburn
in
Northumberland
;
neither
is
there
so
much
as
one
syllable
,
whereby
the
said
King
grants
to
them
the
two
third
parts
of
the
said
River
,
or
any
of
the
Fishing
between
the
said
places
,
&c.
CHAP.
III.
(
A
)
KIng
Henry
the
Third
being
earnestly
supplicated
by
the
good
men
of
Newcastle
to
confirm
King
Johns
Charter
,
which
was
done
upon
the
second
day
of
July
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
,
1234.
the
said
King
Henry
did
not
inlarge
their
jurisdiction
at
all
,
but
onely
grants
them
the
Charter
in
the
very
same
words
as
King
John
had
in
his
Charter
granted
.
(
B
)
King
Henry
the
Third
by
his
Letters
Pattents
under
the
Great
Seal
of
England
dated
at
Westminster
the
first
day
of
December
in
the
three
and
twentieth
year
of
his
Reign
,
upon
the
good
men
of
Newcastles
supplication
,
thought
it
fit
to
give
them
Licence
to
dig
Coals
,
and
Stones
,
in
the
common
Soil
of
that
Town
,
without
the
walls
thereof
,
in
the
place
called
Castle-field
,
and
the
Frith
;
and
from
thence
to
draw
and
convert
them
unto
their
own
profit
,
in
aid
of
their
said
Fee-farm
Rent
of
a
100
●
.
per
Annum
,
and
the
same
as
often
as
it
should
seem
good
unto
them
;
the
same
to
endure
during
his
pleasure
,
which
said
Letters
Pattents
were
granted
upon
payment
of
twenty
shillings
into
the
Hamper
,
nothing
more
was
given
,
neither
Lands
,
&c.
but
only
to
work
the
Coals
,
during
pleasure
,
for
their
own
use
.
(
C
)
King
Henry
the
Third
,
was
petitioned
again
by
the
same
honest
men
,
for
so
they
were
called
by
King
Johns
Charters
(
probi
homines
:
)
That
his
Majesty
would
be
graciously
pleased
to
give
them
all
the
Stone
and
Coals
in
a
place
called
the
Frith
adjoyning
to
the
former
,
the
better
to
enable
them
to
pay
their
Fee-farm
Rent
,
which
also
was
granted
,
paying
forty
shillings
per
Annum
into
the
Hamper
upon
the
eleventh
of
May
,
in
the
one
and
thirtieth
yeer
of
his
Reign
.
All
which
Coals
and
Stones
,
have
,
do
,
and
will
amount
to
many
thousands
of
pounds
,
yet
no
land
above
the
said
Coals
,
was
granted
unto
them
.
CHAP.
IV.
(
A
)
KIng
Edward
the
First
,
in
the
Nineteenth
yeer
of
his
Reign
,
was
supplicated
by
the
good
men
of
Newcastle
,
to
grant
them
a
sum
of
money
,
and
a
Licence
for
the
building
of
a
Wall
round
the
Town
(
on
which
Wall
one
of
the
Mayors
of
Newcastle
was
hanged
)
as
by
the
Record
of
the
Registery
appears
,
That
two
third
parts
of
the
River
of
Tyne
from
Sparhawk
to
Beadwyn
shelves
were
in
this
Kings
hands
.
And
for
such
Lords
as
held
any
Fishings
on
the
South-side
of
the
said
River
of
Tyne
,
which
went
to
the
Mid-stream
,
they
were
meer
intruders
of
one
sixt
part
more
then
was
their
own
,
for
whereas
they
were
to
have
had
but
one
third
part
,
they
claimed
half
.
(
B
)
And
that
this
King
gave
Licence
to
build
a
Wall
about
the
Town
of
Newcastle
,
and
gave
mony
towards
this
wall
,
which
was
not
bestowed
.
(
C
)
And
that
divers
purpreslures
were
then
incroached
upon
,
by
the
good
men
of
the
Town
of
Newcastle
,
upon
the
Moat
of
the
Newcastle
built
by
William
Rufus
adjoyning
thereunto
.
And
to
the
end
that
the
then
Sheriffe
of
Northumberland
might
present
these
incroachments
into
the
Chancery
,
whereby
to
discover
their
unjust
dealing
and
intrusion
upon
the
said
Moat
of
the
said
Castle
,
they
the
said
good
men
gave
to
him
the
said
Sheriffe
a
gift
or
bribe
of
ten
Marks
that
he
might
not
vex
them
,
as
by
the
said
Record
more
at
large
appears
,
&c.
CHAP.
V.
THe
said
King
Edward
the
Third
,
by
his
Letters
Pattents
dated
at
Westminster
,
the
tenth
day
of
May
in
the
one
and
thirtieth
yeer
of
his
Reign
confirms
all
former
Charters
,
with
an
addition
of
his
own
,
that
he
for
himself
,
and
his
Heirs
,
Granted
,
Demised
,
and
Confirmed
unto
his
honest
men
of
the
Town
of
the
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
his
Town
of
Newcastle
before
called
Manchester
,
with
all
its
Appurtenances
for
a
hundred
pound
per
Annum
to
be
paid
to
the
said
King
,
and
his
Heirs
,
&c.
Which
he
the
said
King
confirms
to
the
said
men
,
and
Burgesses
,
and
to
their
Heirs
for
ever
.
And
because
on
the
behalf
of
the
said
Burgesses
of
the
said
Town
,
it
was
humbly
supplicated
to
the
said
King
,
That
whereas
the
said
Moore
and
Lands
called
Castle-fields
,
and
Castle-moor
on
the
North-side
of
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
,
from
a
certain
place
called
Ingler
Dike
,
&c.
as
the
same
are
butted
and
bounded
,
&c.
even
to
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
,
are
the
lands
and
soil
of
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
belonging
to
the
same
,
beyond
memory
;
with
all
profits
coming
of
the
said
Lands
,
Moor
,
and
Soil
,
as
by
an
Inquisition
thereof
taken
,
and
returned
into
the
Chancery
appeareth
.
And
albeit
the
said
Burgesses
,
and
their
Predecessors
from
the
time
they
have
had
the
said
Town
to
farm
,
they
have
held
the
said
Moor
and
Land
,
as
though
it
were
appertaining
to
the
said
Town
,
and
have
alwayes
hitherto
peaceably
,
and
quietly
had
,
and
reaped
all
the
profits
coming
of
the
said
Moor
and
Lands
,
yet
the
said
Burgesses
(
now
they
are
turned
from
honest
men
,
to
Burgesses
,
the
next
will
be
to
—
)
For
that
there
is
no
mention
made
of
the
said
Moor
and
Lands
(
albeit
they
be
of
the
Appurtenances
of
the
said
Town
)
do
fear
that
they
may
be
impeached
afterwards
,
and
for
that
the
said
Town
,
as
well
by
reason
of
the
last
Pestilence
at
that
time
,
as
by
the
hazards
of
Wars
,
and
divers
other
adversities
,
was
so
impoverished
,
and
destitute
of
men
,
that
the
profits
of
the
said
Town
sufficed
not
for
the
payment
of
the
said
Farm
(
as
they
then
pretended
.
)
The
said
King
being
willing
to
provide
for
their
indempnity
in
that
behalf
,
and
for
him
,
and
his
Heirs
granted
,
☜
that
they
and
their
Heirs
might
have
and
hold
the
same
Moor
and
Soil
,
as
if
it
were
appertaining
to
the
said
Town
,
with
all
profits
out
of
the
same
,
&c.
And
that
they
the
said
Burgesses
,
and
their
Heirs
in
the
said
Moor
and
Lands
,
may
dig
,
and
may
have
Coal
,
Slai●
,
and
St●ne
there
;
and
from
thence
may
draw
them
,
and
may
make
their
profit
of
the
said
Coals
,
Slait
,
and
Stones
▪
and
other
profits
coming
out
of
the
said
Moor
and
Lands
,
in
aid
of
the
payment
of
their
said
Fee-farm
,
without
impeachment
,
&c.
As
by
the
said
Letters
Pattents
(
made
by
the
King
himself
,
and
his
Council
,
and
by
the
Fine
of
forty
shillings
paid
in
the
Hamper
)
more
at
large
appeareth
.
By
these
last
mentioned
Letters
Pattents
the
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
can
challenge
no
title
in
the
said
Castle-moor
and
Castle-field
,
because
the
said
Letters
Pattents
are
contrary
in
themselves
.
This
is
the
first
claim
the
said
Burgesses
lay
to
the
Castle-moor
,
being
a
quantity
of
eight
hundred
and
fifty
Acres
of
ground
,
besides
Pasture
for
all
their
Kine
,
and
Coals
for
all
their
Fuel
,
which
are
gotten
upon
the
said
Castle-moor
.
CHAP.
VI.
KIng
Richard
the
Second
,
by
his
Charter
dated
the
ninth
day
of
April
in
the
first
year
of
his
Reign
,
1378.
confirms
all
the
former
Charters
,
and
Grants
to
the
Town
of
Newcastle
the
same
priviledge
as
granted
before
in
diging
of
Coals
,
Slait
,
and
Stone
in
Castle-field
,
and
Castle-moor
,
but
doth
not
grant
the
(
Land
)
onely
the
Coals
,
Slait
and
Stone
,
for
the
Towns
best
advantage
.
CHAP.
VII
.
KIng
Henry
the
Fourth
,
being
humbly
petitioned
by
the
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
that
his
Highnesse
would
be
graciously
pleased
,
to
divide
the
Town
and
Corporation
from
the
County
of
Northumberland
,
and
to
grant
them
a
Sheriffe
,
with
more
Liberties
and
Immunities
which
was
granted
,
that
the
Corporation
of
Newcastle
shall
be
a
distinct
County
of
it self
dis-joyned
from
the
County
of
Northumberland
,
and
not
to
meddle
in
the
said
new
County
as
by
the
Charter
more
at
large
appears
upon
Record
in
the
Tower
of
London
,
7.
Ed.
6.
10.
1.
Mary
.
3.
This
was
a
preparative
for
the
Town
of
Gates-head
,
&c.
CHAP.
VIII
.
(
A
)
QUeen
Elizabeth
obtained
a
Lease
from
the
late
Bishop
of
Durham
,
dated
the
26.
of
April
in
the
24.
year
of
her
Reign
,
1582.
of
all
the
whole
Mannors
of
Gates-head
and
Wickham
,
and
all
the
Coal-pits
,
and
Coal-mines
within
the
said
Mannors
of
Gates-head
and
Wickham
aforesaid
,
and
in
all
the
common
Wasts
,
and
Parks
belonging
to
the
said
Mannors
at
the
Rent
of
ninety
pounds
,
per
Annum
,
or
thereabouts
,
for
ninety
nine
yeers
,
which
the
Earle
of
Leicester
procured
from
the
said
Queen
,
and
sold
,
or
gave
the
same
to
Sutton
of
the
Charter-house
,
who
for
twelve
thousand
pounds
,
as
is
reported
,
sold
the
same
to
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
[
](A42371-e3310-b)*
*
It
is
conceived
,
that
this
Le●se
is
void
,
by
reason
the
Corporation
forfeite●
it
being
garrisoned
against
the
Parliament
,
&c.
but
when
he
understood
the
yearly
value
,
which
was
worth
at
least
fifty
thousand
pounds
per
Annum
,
attested
by
Doctor
Cradock
,
sometimes
Arch-deacon
of
Northumberland
deceased
,
this
Lease
being
called
the
Grand
Lease
,
was
granted
to
Sir
William
Readal
,
and
others
for
the
use
of
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
and
free
honest
men
,
and
expires
the
26.
of
April
,
which
shall
be
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
,
1681.
as
appears
in
the
11.
Chap.
(
I
)
7.
Edw.
6.
10.
CHAP.
IX
.
(
A
)
QUeen
Elizabeth
requires
the
great
Arrear
of
two
pence
per
Chaldron
,
which
was
granted
to
King
Henry
the
Fifth
,
as
Custome
by
the
Parliament
,
as
appears
by
that
Statute
,
Chapter
the
tenth
,
ninth
yeer
,
which
was
neglected
to
be
paid
unto
the
Crown
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
for
many
yeers
together
,
insomuch
as
they
were
not
able
to
pay
the
same
,
but
humbly
beseeched
those
Arrears
may
be
forgiven
,
by
reason
of
their
inability
:
And
to
grant
them
a
Charter
to
incorporate
a
new
fraternity
or
brother-hood
to
be
called
Free
[
](A42371-e3440-b)*
*
Chap.
21.
Host-men
,
for
the
selling
and
vending
of
all
Coals
to
shipping
.
And
in
consideration
thereof
,
they
would
pay
to
her
Majesty
,
and
her
successors
twelve
pence
for
every
Chalder
,
exported
from
thenceforth
to
the
free
people
of
this
Nation
.
The
Queen
conceiving
that
twelve
pence
upon
every
Chalder
would
be
better
for
the
future
,
and
well
paid
,
would
rise
to
a
greater
Revenew
then
the
two
pence
so
long
in
arrear
could
endamage
,
which
was
granted
upon
condition
specified
in
that
Grant
,
remaining
in
the
Exchequer
,
with
many
seals
to
it
;
That
they
should
sell
all
Coals
to
Masters
of
Ships
;
At
this
day
the
Fitters
reckon
with
the
Masters
for
so
much
a
Chalder
,
as
eleven
shillings
for
so
many
as
is
conceived
to
be
aboard
the
Ship
,
and
then
he
goeth
with
the
Master
to
reckon
,
which
the
said
Masters
payes
the
one
shilling
per
Chalder
Custome
,
being
allowed
in
his
hand
,
the
Master
conceives
he
doth
not
pay
it
further
then
being
left
in
his
hand
by
the
Fitter
;
but
if
the
Masters
will
look
upon
that
Lease
,
they
will
find
they
are
to
have
the
best
Coals
for
ten
shillings
,
and
the
worst
for
nine
shillings
the
Chaldron
at
most
,
and
now
they
pay
eleven
shillings
,
by
which
means
the
one
shilling
per
Chaldron
is
paid
by
the
Master
,
and
not
by
the
Host
man
,
and
so
falls
upon
the
whole
Nations
back
.
I
refer
you
further
to
the
Lease
,
for
if
the
Master
buy
dear
,
he
must
needs
sell
dear
.
(
B
)
By
the
same
fallacy
they
wronged
the
King
of
his
Customes
,
9.
Hen.
5.
10.
which
plainly
appears
in
that
Statute
,
if
you
please
to
read
it
,
the
same
,
they
have
to
cheat
the
Queen
and
her
Successors
for
the
twelve
pence
per
Chaldron
.
CHAP.
X.
(
A
)
QUeen
Elizabeth
being
humbly
intreated
by
the
Mayor
,
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
that
her
Majesty
would
be
graciously
pleased
to
grant
them
a
Charter
of
Liberties
concerning
Sea-jurisdiction
,
and
of
Admiralty
in
that
Port
(
to
wit
)
between
Sparhawk
in
the
Sea
,
and
Hadwyn
streams
,
being
fourteen
miles
in
length
,
for
the
advance
of
the
estate
of
that
Town
,
which
also
was
granted
as
follows
.
(
B
)
The
Queen
by
her
Letters
Pattents
dated
the
thirtieth
day
of
August
in
the
one
and
thirtieth
year
of
her
Reign
,
This
Statute
of
2
Edw
3
8
Will
void
this
Charter
by
reason
it
is
against
Right
.
touching
the
Office
of
the
High
Admiralty
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
and
Port
of
Newcastle
,
grants
the
Reversion
to
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
by
reason
it
was
granted
under
the
Great
Seal
of
England
,
bearing
date
the
fifth
of
February
1522.
unto
Charles
Lord
Howard
of
Effingham
,
amongst
other
things
,
in
his
said
Pattent
in
the
Office
of
Lord
High
Admiral
of
England
,
&c.
for
life
,
who
out-lived
the
Queen
,
and
dyed
26.
January
in
the
sixteenth
year
of
King
James
,
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
pretending
they
had
right
thereunto
from
King
Henry
the
sixth
,
which
if
they
had
,
was
extinguished
upon
the
Queens
grant
to
the
High
Admiral
,
&c.
And
by
this
grant
of
hers
to
Newcastle
,
she
onely
grants
what
is
in
her
to
grant
,
which
is
onely
the
Reversion
after
the
surrender
,
forfeiture
,
or
death
of
the
aforesaid
Lord
High
Admiral
,
but
she
dying
before
the
Lord
High
Admiral
,
it
is
conceived
her
grant
is
void
.
And
it
was
never
since
confirmed
by
any
other
to
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
;
for
King
James
upon
the
28
of
June
in
the
sixteenth
year
of
his
Reign
,
two
dayes
after
the
Lord
High
Admiral
died
.
The
Commission
or
Letters
Pattents
of
the
Admiralty
of
England
was
conferred
upon
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
so
that
Newcastle
by
this
change
hath
but
a
slender
pretence
of
Right
to
the
Admiralty
of
that
part
of
Newcastle
.
(
C
)
The
said
Corporation
humbly
beseecheth
her
Grace
,
Newcastles
Petition
.
to
increase
,
inrich
,
inlarge
,
and
establish
(
as
much
as
in
her
lay
)
their
Authorities
and
Jurisdiction
in
Sea-businesses
,
with
larger
Priviledges
,
Exemptions
,
Liberties
,
and
Immunities
,
and
those
being
called
by
various
names
,
to
establish
into
a
certain
Body
,
and
reduce
and
create
the
Name
of
the
Incorporation
,
upon
which
Petition
,
the
Queen
made
the
Town
and
Corporation
of
Newcastle
a
free
Town
,
in
these
words
.
(
D
)
That
the
Burgesses
and
Inhabitants
of
the
said
Town
from
henceforward
for
ever
,
shal
be
one
body
Corporated
,
or
body
Politick
,
in
substance
,
Fact
,
and
name
,
by
name
of
a
Mayor
and
Burgesses
.
And
that
by
that
name
,
they
may
have
perpetual
succession
.
And
persons
able
in
Law
,
capable
to
have
,
purchase
,
receive
,
and
possesse
,
Lands
,
[
](A42371-e3840-b)*
*
Newcastle
Incorporated
.
To
purchase
Lands
.
See
Stat.
15.
Rich.
2.
5.
Tenements
,
Liberties
,
Jurisdictions
,
Franchises
,
and
Hereditaments
of
what
kind
,
nature
,
or
form
soever
they
shall
be
,
to
them
and
their
Successors
in
Fee
and
perpetuity
.
And
to
assign
them
over
by
the
name
aforesaid
.
To
sue
,
and
be
sued
by
one
Name
.
See
Ed.
3
6.
And
by
the
same
name
to
implead
or
sue
,
and
be
sued
,
answer
,
or
to
be
answered
,
defend
,
or
be
defended
in
any
Court
of
Record
.
(
E
)
And
to
have
a
common
Seal
for
their
causes
and
businesses
,
and
to
break
and
change
the
same
at
their
pleasure
.
(
F
)
Likewise
,
Confirms
all
former
liberties
.
she
confirms
by
the
said
Charter
to
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
and
their
Succesors
,
that
they
onely
of
the
said
Town
with
its
Members
and
Appurtenances
,
and
also
that
they
may
have
all
the
same
Customes
,
Liberties
,
Priviledges
,
Franchises
,
Immunities
,
Exemptions
,
Q●ittances
and
Jurisdictions
,
how
many
,
and
how
much
soever
hath
been
granted
by
former
Kings
,
by
what
name
or
names
soever
,
or
by
what
pretence
they
have
or
do
enjoy
,
or
claim
the
same
.
To
have
and
to
hold
,
and
to
be
holden
of
the
said
Queen
in
Fee-farm
,
&c.
(
G
)
Also
grants
by
the
said
Charter
unto
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
and
their
Successors
,
full
authority
,
power
,
and
faculty
of
Mittigamus
,
constituting
,
ordaining
,
making
,
and
establishing
from
time
to
time
such
Laws
,
[
](A42371-e3930-b)*
*
Making
Laws
See
Stat.
19.
Heu
.
7.
7.
institute
Judgements
,
Ordinances
and
Constitutions
according
to
their
sound
discretion
,
being
good
,
wholesome
,
and
necessary
for
the
publick
good
and
weal
,
and
common
profit
,
and
good
rule
of
the
said
Town
.
(
H
)
The
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
have
power
hereby
to
inflict
punishments
,
pains
,
penalties
,
and
imprisonments
[
](A42371-e3960-b)*
*
To
punish
Offenders
.
See
Stat.
9.
Hen.
3.
29.
Commanding
Obedience
.
of
bodies
,
(
and
by
Fines
,
or
Amerciaments
,
may
levy
,
and
have
to
them
,
and
their
Successors
without
calumny
or
impeachment
)
requiring
all
persons
to
yeeld
obedience
to
such
Laws
,
&c.
Provided
those
Laws
,
Ordinances
,
Institutions
,
and
such
like
Customes
,
be
not
repugnant
to
the
Laws
and
Statutes
of
England
.
(
I
)
Also
that
the
Grants
,
which
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
,
Sparhawk
and
Headwyn
Streams
their
liberties
.
and
the
Circuits
,
Precincts
,
and
Jurisdictions
thereof
,
to
stand
as
well
in
breadth
,
as
length
,
as
well
by
land
,
as
by
water
,
as
was
accustomed
before
the
memory
of
man
,
as
they
were
wont
to
extend
themselves
,
and
in
the
River
of
Tyne
,
from
a
place
called
Sparhawk
in
the
Sea
,
to
Headwin
streams
,
seven
miles
above
Newcastle-bridge
.
And
to
pull
down
all
walls
,
hedges
,
and
blocks
offensive
,
&c.
(
K
)
And
further
,
Entrance
to
the
Office
of
High
Admiralty
.
by
the
said
Letters
Pattents
,
the
Queen
doth
grant
unto
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
upon
the
surrender
of
the
same
,
Letters
Pattents
of
the
same
High
Admiral
of
England
,
by
death
,
forfeiture
,
surrender
,
or
other
means
,
to
become
void
for
ever
.
And
may
have
and
hold
within
the
said
Town
one
Court
of
Admiralty
of
Record
,
Keeping
Courts
.
every
Munday
throughout
the
year
.
In
which
Court
,
the
Mayor
,
or
Recorder
to
be
one
:
And
to
begin
upon
the
vacancy
of
the
said
Office
,
to
hold
by
plaint
in
the
same
Court
to
be
levied
,
all
,
and
all
manner
of
Pleas
,
Suits
,
Plaints
,
and
Demands
.
For
which
Debts
,
Contracts
,
Covenants
,
Trespasses
and
Deceits
,
Matters
,
and
Offences
whatsoever
to
the
said
Court
of
Admiralty
belonging
,
and
to
hold
Court
of
Pleas
according
to
the
Laws
and
Customes
of
the
said
Court
of
Admiralty
of
England
,
and
other
Legal
wayes
and
means
,
Punishment
.
whereby
the
truth
may
the
better
be
known
with
power
of
any
temporall
constraint
[
](A42371-e4120-b)*
*
See
Stat.
28.
Edw.
3.
3.
or
mulct
,
or
any
other
pain
according
to
the
Laws
and
Customes
,
of
the
said
late
Queens
Court
of
Admiralty
of
England
,
to
be
compelled
,
or
to
do
,
and
administer
Judgement
,
the
order
of
Law
being
kept
.
(
L
)
And
likewise
she
ordains
Justices
of
the
Peace
,
Laws
of
England
executed
.
to
conserve
the
Peace
in
the
said
Town
and
Port
for
the
putting
in
execution
the
Statutes
and
Ordinances
made
at
Wstminster
in
the
eighteenth
yeer
of
King
Edward
the
third
concerning
forestalling
of
Merchandizes
upon
the
water
,
or
upon
the
Sea
.
Fore-staling
.
See
cap.
50.
A.
49
,
5
,
48.
A.
And
the
thirteenth
of
Edward
the
first
,
the
five
and
fortieth
of
Edward
the
third
;
the
thirteenth
of
Richard
the
second
,
and
seventh
of
Henry
the
fourth
,
and
Henry
the
sixth
,
the
four
and
thirtieth
of
Henry
the
eighth
,
and
the
fifth
and
sixth
of
Edward
the
sixth
Statutes
at
Westminster
,
against
Regrators
,
Fore-stallers
,
and
Ingrocers
,
to
enquire
after
such
offenders
against
the
Laws
and
Statutes
aforesaid
,
to
hear
and
determine
such
like
Indictments
and
Punishments
.
(
M
)
That
the
Sergeant
at
Mace
,
Officers
to
do
their
duty
.
all
Juries
,
Pannels
,
Inquisitions
,
Attatchments
,
Precepts
,
Mandates
,
Warrants
,
Judgements
,
See
cap.
36.
c.
D
Sentences
,
Processes
,
or
other
things
whatsoever
to
do
,
for
the
dispatching
thereof
.
(
N
)
The
Queen
gives
further
power
unto
the
Mayor
,
to
choose
all
Officers
in
the
said
Court
whatsoever
,
to
remove
,
and
expell
them
as
they
shall
see
cause
,
according
to
Law
and
Equity
.
(
O
)
That
the
Mayor
,
Recorder
,
and
Aldermen
,
three
,
or
more
of
them
,
See
chap.
30.
B
chap.
29.
D.
All
acknowlegements
Wreck
,
&c.
View
of
dead
bodies
,
murthering
,
drowning
whereof
the
Mayor
,
or
Recorder
to
be
one
of
them
,
may
have
for
every
acknowledgement
of
al
and
singular
such
like
Pleas
,
Plaints
,
Suits
,
and
Demands
of
Debts
,
and
other
Sea-businesses
and
offences
,
and
also
disseizing
of
all
wrecks
*
at
Sea
or
Port
,
happening
,
and
of
the
death
,
drowning
and
viewing
of
all
dead
bodies
of
what
persons
soever
,
which
in
the
said
Town
and
Port
howsoever
slain
or
drowned
,
or
to
be
slain
,
drowned
,
or
murthered
,
or
brought
to
death
by
any
other
means
.
(
P
)
Also
the
custody
and
conservation
of
the
Statutes
,
Wreck
.
Coronors
.
the
wreck
at
Sea
,
and
of
the
Office
of
Coronors
[
](A42371-e4360-b)*
*
See
ch.
48.
A.
29.
49.
A.
in
the
third
and
fourth
year
of
King
Edward
the
first
,
and
to
punish
Delinquents
according
to
Law
.
(
Q
)
The
Mayor
of
the
same
Town
for
ever
,
hath
hereby
power
to
receive
acknowledgements
for
any
cause
whatsoever
in
the
Admiralty
Court
determinable
,
and
to
record
and
enrole
the
said
Recognizance
,
to
release
,
cancel
,
lessen
,
and
qualifie
at
their
pleasure
according
to
Law
.
To
fine
and
qualifie
.
Also
to
demand
execution
according
to
the
manner
of
the
said
High
Court
of
the
Admiralty
of
England
.
See
Stat.
25.
Edw.
1
5.
(
R
)
The
said
Queen
doth
give
and
grant
by
the
said
Letters
Pattents
unto
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
All
fines
for
their
own
use
is
given
.
and
their
Successors
,
all
,
and
singular
Fines
,
Redemptions
,
Issues
,
Amerciaments
,
See
c.
42.
A
41.
A.
Forfeitures
,
Perquisites
,
and
profits
whatsoever
appearing
,
happening
,
coming
,
assessed
,
imposed
,
or
taxed
,
or
then
after
to
be
upon
any
by
the
aforesaid
Court
for
their
own
proper
use
and
behoof
,
without
any
account
to
the
said
Queen
,
or
her
Heirs
to
be
levied
so
soon
as
ever
it
shall
be
adjudged
by
them
,
without
any
unquietnesse
,
vexation
,
or
trouble
of
the
said
Queen
,
her
Heirs
and
Successors
,
Justices
,
or
other
Ministers
,
or
Subjects
whatsoever
.
(
S
)
Also
to
have
all
manner
of
such
like
goods
and
Chattels
,
Weiffs
,
Wrecks
[
](A42371-e4470-b)*
*
To
have
all
profits
and
wrecks
.
of
the
Sea
,
Goods
floating
or
swimming
upon
the
water
,
and
driven
to
the
shoar
[
](A42371-e4480-b)*
*
See
c.
30.
A
29.
D
Sta.
17.
Ed.
2.
11
To
have
all
Felons
goods
,
&c.
See
c.
53.
A
sunk
to
the
bottom
,
and
goods
due
to
more
by
proportion
,
Treasure
found
,
Felons
of
themselves
,
Deodands
,
and
other
casnalties
,
as
well
upon
as
by
the
Sea
or
Shoars
,
and
Maritine
parts
,
as
upon
or
by
the
fresh
water
,
howsoever
,
whensoever
,
or
wheresoever
,
or
in
what
manner
appearing
,
happening
,
or
coming
,
which
to
the
Admiralty
of
England
doth
belong
.
(
T
)
And
all
Royal
Fishes
,
Sturgeons
[
](A42371-e4520-b)*
*
Sta.
17.
Ed.
2.
16.
Royal
Fishes
.
Sta.
17.
Ed.
2.
11
Whales
,
Porpoyses
,
Dolphins
,
Rigoseres
,
and
Grampeses
.
(
V
)
That
the
said
Queen
willed
,
Justices
of
Goal
delivery
,
that
the
Mayor
,
Recorder
and
Aldermen
for
the
time
being
,
three
or
more
of
them
,
whereof
the
Mayor
or
Recorder
to
be
one
,
from
time
to
time
ever
hereafter
,
to
be
Justices
at
the
Goal
delivery
,
and
to
deliver
out
of
prison
in
the
same
,
committed
to
the
same
Goal
for
what
cause
soever
.
(
W
)
That
they
may
erect
Gallows
within
the
liberty
of
the
said
Town
,
Gallows
and
to
hang
them
.
for
Felons
,
Murtherers
and
other
Malefactors
whatsoever
within
the
Town
or
Port
,
and
to
commit
them
to
the
Goal
,
till
they
be
from
thence
delivered
by
due
course
of
Law
.
See
Chap.
53.
(
A.
)
(
Y
)
All
which
of
her
special
favour
,
she
grants
without
Fine
into
the
Hamper
.
Dated
at
Westminster
the
30.
of
August
,
in
the
31.
year
of
her
Reign
.
It
is
conceived
this
is
voyd
,
by
reason
granted
without
any
consideration
into
the
Hamper
.
CHAP.
XI
.
A
brief
of
the
Privileges
contained
in
the
Charter
of
Liberties
granted
by
Queen
Elizabeth
to
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
the
Town
of
the
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
the
22th
.
of
March
.
in
the
42th
.
year
of
her
reign
.
As
followeth
.
The
Twelve
Companies
of
Newcastle
be
as
follow
.
-
Cordwinders
-
Butchers
.
-
Taylors
,
-
Fullers
-
Drapers
-
Mercers
.
-
Skinners
.
-
Corn-Merchants
-
Tanners
.
-
Sadlers
.
-
Bakers
.
-
Smiths
.
I
finde
not
Brewers
nor
Carpenters
.
Observ
.
(
A
)
THat
the
Town
of
Newcastle
is
an
antient
Town
,
and
that
they
have
had
Laws
,
Jurisdictions
,
&c.
and
that
the
said
Town
hath
suffered
no
smal
loss
by
reason
of
divers
differences
,
&c.
fol.
1.
concerning
the
manner
of
loading
and
unloading
Sea-coals
at
the
same
Town
,
fo.
2.
whereupon
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
humbly
petitioned
the
said
late
Queen
for
the
better
maintenance
and
government
of
the
said
Town
,
that
she
would
vouchsafe
to
amplifie
her
munificence
and
favor
towards
the
said
Town
,
fo.
2.
(
B
)
The
said
Queen
for
her
and
her
Successors
,
grants
to
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
and
to
their
Successors
,
that
they
only
of
the
said
Town
with
its
members
,
shal
have
and
enjoy
all
the
Customs
,
Liberties
&c.
which
were
granted
to
their
Successors
by
several
Charters
,
fo.
3.
which
the
honest
men
of
the
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
&c.
by
pretence
of
what
Corporation
soever
they
held
and
injoyed
,
fo.
4
,
5.
To
have
,
hold
,
and
enjoy
the
said
Town
,
and
all
Customs
,
&c.
fo.
5.
to
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
and
their
Successors
,
to
their
use
for
ever
,
to
be
holden
in
Fee
farm
;
rendring
the
antient
Fee
farm
of
100
li.
at
Michaelmas
onely
,
fo.
6.
and
that
they
may
have
all
such
Liberties
,
Customs
,
&c.
without
the
let
of
any
one
,
&c.
fo.
7.
(
C
)
The
said
Queen
granteth
,
Choyce
of
the
Mayor
and
other
Officers
.
that
the
Mayor
,
ten
Aldermen
,
and
Sheriff
of
the
said
Town
,
&c.
and
other
Four
and
twenty
of
the
more
discreet
and
honester
Burgesses
of
the
said
Town
,
&c.
may
chuse
the
Mayor
and
other
Officers
of
the
said
Town
within
five
daies
after
the
choyse
and
oath
taken
by
the
Mayor
,
fo
7
,
8.
which
said
Mayor
and
the
other
twenty
four
Burgesses
,
in
all
thirty
six
,
shall
be
at
all
times
then
after
,
Power
to
make
Laws
for
themselves
not
repugnant
to
the
Laws
,
of
England
.
the
common
Councel
of
the
said
Town
;
fo.
9.
and
shall
have
power
in
making
Laws
,
&c.
fo.
10
for
the
good
Government
of
the
said
Town
,
&c.
fo.
11.
and
for
the
good
government
of
the
Markets
and
Fairs
within
the
said
Town
and
limits
thereof
,
&c.
and
for
the
Declaration
by
what
means
the
Ministers
,
Castlemore
is
without
the
limits
.
Officers
and
Artificers
of
the
said
Town
,
and
their
Factors
Servants
and
Apprentices
in
their
Trades
,
&c.
fo.
12.
and
also
for
their
better
preservation
,
letting
and
setting
of
their
Lands
,
Tenements
,
&c.
And
that
the
Mayor
and
Common
Council
of
the
said
Town
or
the
greater
part
of
them
,
To
punish
Offenders
against
such
Laws
.
whereof
we
will
the
Mayor
and
six
Aldermen
,
thirteen
being
,
seven
to
be
&c.
as
often
as
they
shall
make
such
Laws
,
&c.
and
such
pains
,
punishments
,
penalties
or
imprisonment
of
bodies
or
by
fines
,
&c.
fo.
14.
upon
all
Delinquents
contrary
to
such
Laws
,
&c.
as
shall
be
necessary
for
keeping
,
fo
15.
of
the
said
Laws
,
&c.
and
to
have
and
retain
the
said
Fines
,
&c.
to
their
own
use
,
&c.
fo.
16.
so
that
the
same
Laws
,
&c.
be
not
repugnant
to
the
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
of
England
[
](A42371-e5130-b)*
*
See
Sta.
19.
Hen.
7.
7.
,
fo.
17.
(
D
)
And
further
the
said
late
Q.
granteth
,
Election
of
the
Mayor
,
Sheriff
,
and
other
Officers
at
what
time
.
that
the
election
of
the
Mayor
,
Recorder
,
Aldermen
,
Common-Council
and
all
other
Officers
and
Ministers
to
be
chosen
,
&c.
shall
in
every
year
be
upon
Monday
next
after
Michaelmas
day
fo.
18.
honest
men
and
Burgesses
of
the
twelve
Societies
,
lawfully
chosen
in
the
accustomed
place
,
to
wit
Drapers
,
Mercers
,
&c.
fo.
19.
and
that
they
name
and
present
two
honest
men
of
every
mystery
,
&c.
being
twenty
four
in
number
,
being
sworn
that
they
or
the
greatest
part
of
them
shall
chuse
and
name
the
Mayor
,
The
Port
belongs
to
the
Castle
,
and
not
to
the
Town
.
fo.
21.
the
22
,
23
,
24
25
,
26
,
27.
leaves
are
concerning
the
chusing
of
the
Mayor
,
the
Sheriff
,
of
two
Coroners
,
one
Clerk
of
the
Chamber
,
who
shall
administer
an
oath
to
the
Marriners
and
Masters
of
ships
at
the
Port
of
Newcastle
;
Oath
to
Master
of
ships
.
and
in
the
same
manner
,
and
the
same
day
yearly
may
name
eight
other
Burgesses
,
&c.
fo.
28.
to
be
Chamberlains
of
the
same
Town
,
and
one
Sword-bearer
before
the
Mayor
,
and
eight
fo.
29.
Serjeants
of
the
Mace
,
and
one
Recorder
fo.
31.
and
there
shal
be
twenty
four
Electors
for
one
year
fo.
31
,
32.
new
election
of
Aldermen
,
dying
or
being
deposed
,
fo.
33.
and
the
Alderman
newly
chosen
shall
be
Alderman
during
life
,
Officers
for
life
fo.
34.
Officers
chosen
by
the
Mayor
under
their
common
Seal
shall
be
admitted
to
their
places
,
fo.
35
,
36
,
37.
To
fine
such
as
refuse
to
hold
their
places
upon
election
,
To
fine
refusers
of
Offices
.
fo.
38.
the
said
fine
not
to
exceed
200
Marks
,
fo.
39
,
40.
41.
The
like
for
the
Sheriff
.
fo.
42
,
43
,
44
,
45
,
46.
or
if
any
Officer
(
save
the
Recorder
)
die
within
the
year
then
to
chuse
another
,
fo.
47
,
48
,
49.
And
if
the
Recorder
die
within
one
year
next
after
his
election
,
or
be
removed
from
,
or
leave
his
Office
,
&c.
then
to
chuse
another
fit
person
learned
in
the
Laws
,
The
Recorder
no
Burgess
.
albeit
not
a
Burgess
in
his
place
,
&c.
fo.
49
,
50
,
51.
And
if
the
Mayor
of
the
said
Town
be
deposed
,
removed
,
or
die
,
then
to
chuse
another
within
twenty
daies
,
&c.
fo.
51
,
52.
The
like
for
the
Sheriff
,
&c.
fo.
53
,
54.
William
Jennison
named
first
Mayor
,
Every
Officers
name
.
fo.
55
,
56.
John
Savel
one
of
the
Barons
of
the
Exchequer
,
first
and
modern
Recorder
,
fo.
57.
William
Selby
,
&c.
and
nine
others
are
made
the
first
and
modern
Aldermen
,
fo.
58.
James
Clavering
appointed
first
,
and
the
modern
Sheriff
,
&c.
fo.
59.
The
said
William
Jennison
Mayor
,
and
thirty
five
persons
more
are
appointed
to
be
the
first
and
mordern
Common-Council-men
,
From
the
18.
leaf
to
the
65
leaf
concerning
the
Officers
of
Newcastle
.
&c.
fo.
60
,
61.
Matthew
Chapman
,
and
Rowland
Tempest
are
appointed
to
be
first
,
and
the
modern
Coroners
,
&c.
fo.
62.
George
Dent
appointed
first
Clerk
of
the
Chamber
,
fo.
62.
Francis
Burrel
and
seven
others
,
appointed
to
be
the
first
and
the
modern
Chamberlains
of
the
said
Town
,
fo.
63.
George
Still
appointed
Sword-bearer
,
fo.
63
George
Selby
and
seven
other
persons
appointed
to
be
the
〈◊〉
Serjeants
at
Mace
,
&c.
fo.
63.
The
said
Queen
grants
to
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
and
their
Successors
for
ever
,
To
hold
Courts
of
Record
.
that
they
may
hold
one
Court
of
Record
in
Guilde-hall
,
See
chap.
42.
C.
before
the
Mayor
upon
Monday
in
every
week
through
the
year
,
except
in
the
weeks
of
Christmas
,
Easter
,
and
Penticost
,
&c.
fo.
65.
and
another
Court
upon
Wednesdaies
and
Fridaies
in
every
week
throughout
the
year
,
except
in
the
several
weeks
aforesaid
;
and
all
Pleas
of
Debts
,
Covenants
,
Deteiner
,
Trespasses
,
&c.
fo.
66
,
67.
and
pleas
of
Court
of
Pipowder
,
&c.
fo.
68.
and
Courts
of
the
Upper-Bench
,
Justices
of
the
Bench
,
and
Justices
of
Assize
before
the
said
Mayor
,
fo.
69
,
70.
And
that
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
in
the
Court
▪
to
be
holden
before
the
Mayor
,
and
in
the
Court
to
be
holden
before
the
Sheriff
and
their
Successors
,
in
all
and
singular
Suits
,
&c.
may
attatch
the
parties
Defendents
in
the
same
Suits
,
&c.
fo.
71.
in
their
Lands
and
Goods
,
and
commit
them
to
their
prison
called
Newgate
,
&c.
fo.
72
,
73.
The
Mayor
,
Conservators
of
the
peace
Chap.
37.
Chap.
36.
the
ten
Aldermen
and
Recorder
of
the
said
Town
for
ever
,
to
be
joyntly
and
severally
Keepers
of
the
Peace
,
&c.
within
the
said
Town
,
&c.
and
to
chastise
and
punish
malefactors
,
&c.
fo.
73
,
74
,
75
,
76.
And
further
,
To
enquire
of
all
misdemeanors
to
the
Law
Forestallers
,
Regrators
,
&c.
That
they
the
12
,
11
,
10
,
9
,
8
,
7
,
6
,
5
,
4
,
or
3
of
them
,
whereof
the
Mayor
to
be
one
,
be
Justices
of
the
said
late
Queen
,
her
Heirs
and
Successors
,
to
enquire
upon
oath
,
&c.
fo.
76.
of
all
Murders
,
&c.
Forestallers
[
](A42371-e5740-b)*
*
See
St.
5
,
6.
Ed.
6.
15.
,
Regrators
,
&c.
and
of
all
other
matters
whatsoever
done
or
committed
,
&c.
fo.
77
,
78
,
79.
so
that
the
Keepers
of
the
Peace
in
Northumberland
and
Durham
do
not
enter
for
any
matter
of
Peace
,
&c.
to
be
ended
and
determined
in
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
,
f.
80.
(
F
)
The
Queen
grants
to
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
and
their
Successors
,
Reasonable
Taxation
of
fines
&c.
for
the
Towns
use
.
that
they
may
as
often
as
need
shall
require
impose
,
&c.
Fines
[
](A42371-e5820-b)*
*
See
St.
25.
Ed.
2.
6.
,
Penalties
,
Taxations
,
Customs
,
&c.
for
the
publick
use
of
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
the
said
Town
,
to
be
kept
in
their
common
Chamber
,
and
to
be
expended
for
their
publick
use
,
fo.
81.
or
by
their
Officers
from
time
to
time
to
be
levied
,
such
as
before
time
were
lawfully
taxed
and
imposed
,
&c.
and
that
the
said
Mayor
,
&c.
may
use
all
the
means
they
can
to
levy
and
gather
the
same
,
fo.
82.
(
G
)
The
Queens
pleasure
further
was
,
Gaol-Deliveries
and
Coronors
,
&c.
that
the
Mayor●
Recorder
,
and
Aldermen
of
the
said
Town
,
or
five
,
or
more
of
them
,
See
Sta.
3
H.
7.
1
Town
Moor
is
without
their
liberties
,
only
liberty
to
get
Coals
.
whereof
the
Mayor
to
be
one
,
be
Justices
for
Gaol
Deliveries
,
&c.
fo.
83.
and
that
the
Coronors
*
of
the
said
Town
shall
deliver
all
Juries
,
Inquisitions
,
pannel
Attatchments
,
&c.
and
make
return
of
them
to
the
Mayor
,
&c.
in
all
their
Gaol
Deliveries
,
&c.
fo.
84.
and
do
execute
the
Precepts
of
the
Mayor
,
They
have
no
other
liberties
b●t
within
the
walls
of
the
Town
.
&c.
in
such
manner
as
any
Sheriffe
of
England
was
accustomed
to
do
at
the
Gaol
Deliveries
for
their
several
Counties
;
and
that
the
said
Mayor
,
Recorder
,
and
Aldermen
may
fo.
85.
erect
Gallows
within
the
Liberties
of
the
said
Town
to
hang
Felons
,
Quere
,
what
Interest
they
have
in
the
Port
,
for
it
extends
seven
miles
above
,
and
seven
miles
below
the
Town
of
Newcastle
which
is
further
then
their
right
of
Inheritance
reacheth
.
&c.
And
that
the
said
Mayor
,
Recorder
,
and
Aldermen
,
or
five
,
or
more
of
them
may
take
and
Arrest
what
Felons
,
Theeves
and
Malefactors
soever
,
within
the
Town
and
Port
of
Newcastle
,
and
Port
aforesaid
,
or
the
Precinct
,
or
Liberties
of
them
,
are
found
,
&c.
and
may
bring
them
to
Prison
there
fo.
86.
(
H
)
The
said
Queen
gives
Licence
to
William
Reddel
,
and
to
six
others
,
and
to
what
subjects
or
subject
whatsoever
,
of
the
said
late
Queen
her
Heirs
and
Successors
,
Assign
or
Assigns
,
Tenants
,
or
Farmers
,
fo.
87.
of
the
Mannor
of
Gatesside
,
and
Wickham
with
their
Appurtenances
in
the
County
of
Durham
,
by
vertue
of
a
Lease
to
the
said
Queen
made
(
amongst
others
)
by
Richard
late
Bishop
of
Durham
by
his
Indenture
dated
the
26
of
April
in
the
24
year
of
her
Reign
,
Q.
Eliz
her
Lease
of
the
Manor
of
Gat.
&
Wick
.
made
to
W.
Reddel
,
&
others
in
trust
for
the
Mayor
&
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
for
the
time
being
See
Stat
7.
Ed.
6.
10.
1582.
for
ninety
nine
years
from
the
making
thereof
;
and
that
the
said
Assign
or
Assigns
,
Tenants
,
Farmers
,
fo.
88.
of
the
Premises
so
demised
,
and
their
survivors
.
The
said
Mannors
or
Lordships
of
Gates-side
and
Wickham
,
with
their
Appurtenances
may
grant
and
assign
to
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
and
to
their
Successors
for
the
residue
of
the
years
then
to
come
;
and
to
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
the
said
Town
,
and
to
their
Successors
,
That
the
said
Manners
,
and
Lordships
of
Gatesside
,
fo.
89.
and
Wickham
aforesaid
,
with
their
Appurtenances
may
have
and
hold
,
during
the
residue
of
the
years
then
to
come
,
the
said
Queen
for
her
,
her
Heirs
and
Successors
,
gave
special
Licence
,
notwithstanding
the
Statute
of
Mortmain
[
](A42371-e6210-b)*
*
The
copy
concerning
the
Sta.
of
Mo●t●
.
wh●ther
the
Lease
be
good
or
not
.
15.
Ric.
2
,
5.
or
any
other
Statute
,
&c.
fo.
90.
(
I
)
The
Queen
pardoneth
and
releaseth
to
the
said
Mayor
,
and
Burgesses
,
and
to
their
Successors
,
and
to
every
Subject
and
Subjects
whatsoever
,
&c.
All
,
and
all
manner
of
pains
,
Penalties
,
forfeitures
,
and
sums
of
money
,
and
all
other
charges
whatsoever
to
the
said
Queen
,
or
to
any
her
Progenitors
,
fo.
91.
theretofore
forfeited
by
vertue
of
an
Act
of
Parliament
of
King
Henry
the
fifth
at
Westminster
in
the
ninth
year
of
his
Reign
,
onely
published
for
the
assurement
of
Keels
by
Parliament
Commissioners
assigned
,
or
by
pretence
of
another
Act
of
Parliament
begun
at
Westminster
in
the
one
and
twentieth
year
of
King
Henry
the
eighth
,
fo.
92.
Intituled
an
Act
concerning
Newcastle
,
and
the
Port
there
,
for
the
loading
or
unloading
of
any
Merchants
goods
within
this
Kingdome
,
or
elsewhere
to
be
sold
from
any
Ship
or
Ships
,
or
other
Vessels
,
in
,
or
at
any
place
or
places
within
the
Port
and
River
of
Tyne
,
between
Sparhawk
,
fo.
93.
and
Hadwyn
streams
,
but
only
at
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
,
See
this
Act
at
the
Rolls
,
whether
there
be
such
a
penalty
or
not
?
because
the
same
is
a
private
Act
and
not
elsewhere
,
under
pains
and
forfeitures
in
the
said
Act
contained
and
specified
.
And
by
vertue
of
another
Act
of
Parliament
at
Westminster
aforesaid
the
three
and
twentieth
of
January
in
the
first
yeer
of
the
late
Queen
Elizabeth
,
Intituled
an
Act
limitting
the
times
of
exposing
upon
Land-Merchandizes
from
parts
beyond
the
Seas
,
and
concerning
Customes
and
Sweet-Wines
,
and
there
it
was
enacted
(
amongst
others
,
for
,
and
concerning
fo.
94.
the
loading
or
unloading
in
,
or
from
any
Ship
,
or
other
Vessel
,
any
Goods
,
Wares
,
or
Merchandizes
against
the
said
Act
,
&c.
or
to
the
late
Queen
,
due
,
and
forfeited
by
vertue
of
the
said
Acts
,
and
all
the
Goods
,
and
Chattels
,
Lands
,
and
Tenements
of
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
&c.
being
the
foresaid
penalties
and
forfeitures
,
&c.
fo.
95.
Now
followeth
the
Charter
of
the
Free
Hoast-men
of
Newcastle
.
(
K
)
Moreover
the
Q.
grants
to
the
said
Mayor
,
&
Burgesses
,
and
to
every
Subject
&
subjects
of
hers
,
her
Heirs
&
Successors
,
Inhabitants
&
Burgesses
of
the
said
Town
commonly
called
Hoast-men
in
every
season
fitting
,
and
hours
accustomed
,
the
Customes
and
Subsidies
,
and
other
profits
to
the
said
Queen
her
Heirs
and
Successors
due
to
be
paid
,
and
to
the
Customers
,
and
fo.
96.
Collectors
of
the
said
Queen
and
Successors
agreeing
thereupon
to
be
charged
or
discharged
,
shipped
or
unshipped
,
Pit-coals
,
Grind-stones
,
Rub-stones
,
and
Whet-stones
near
Newcastle
,
&c.
such
Ship
,
Vessel
,
&c.
was
of
such
a
capacity
,
or
for
any
other
reasonable
cause
,
that
they
could
not
fitly
apply
to
Newcastle
,
that
then
in
such
case
,
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
the
said
Town
,
as
their
servants
,
&c.
fo.
97.
might
and
may
load
and
unload
such
ship
and
ships
,
vessel
,
and
vessels
with
Coals
and
Stones
abovesaid
,
in
their
Port
between
Sparhawk
and
Newcastle
,
being
distant
by
estimation
not
above
seven
miles
.
And
further
the
Queen
willeth
,
fo.
98.
and
commandeth
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
&c.
and
their
Successors
,
and
every
Subject
and
Subjects
of
her
,
her
Heirs
and
Successors
,
Inhabitants
of
the
said
Town
called
Hoastmen
,
that
they
the
same
ships
being
of
such
a
capacity
that
they
cannot
fitly
sail
to
the
Town
of
Newcastle
,
to
charge
,
and
discharge
themselves
of
Coals
and
Stones
,
fo.
99.
so
nigh
Newcastle
as
conveniently
may
be
done
without
fraud
,
&c.
and
that
under
the
pain
of
one
hundred
shillings
to
be
levied
for
the
Queens
use
,
100.
shillings
for
every
Ship
or
Vessel
.
her
Heirs
and
Successors
,
to
be
forfeited
for
every
ship
or
vessel
so
charged
or
discharged
,
contrary
to
the
true
intention
mentioned
in
the
said
Letters
Pattents
,
and
for
that
the
Queen
willeth
that
the
Mayor
,
Burgesses
and
Inhabitants
of
the
said
town
,
&c.
fo.
100.
being
Burgesses
,
may
serve
the
Queen
and
her
Successors
with
more
commendable
service
,
and
may
furnish
the
Queen
,
&c.
with
Mariners
more
cheerfully
in
our
greatest
wars
,
as
we
have
heard
they
have
done
in
times
past
;
and
for
that
the
said
Town
hath
been
a
faithfull
fortresse
and
defence
,
fighting
against
the
Rebels
in
times
past
,
and
hath
behaved
it self
most
dutifully
to
us
,
and
to
our
Progenitors
,
All
Felons
goods
granted
.
&c.
fo.
101.
resisting
the
said
Rebels
.
The
Queen
therefore
giveth
and
granteth
to
the
Mayor
,
Burgesses
,
and
their
Successors
all
the
Felons
,
goods
,
unto
themselves
,
and
of
Fugitives
convicted
and
attainted
,
and
of
Out-lawed
persons
,
&c.
fo.
102.
(
L
)
And
whereas
the
Town
of
the
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
Halam
a
Rebel
they
took
in
the
29.
year
of
K.
Hen.
8
he
sided
with
Sir
Th.
Moor
to
maintain
the
Popish
Religion
,
this
was
here
great
service
.
is
a
Town
of
Merchants
,
a
Mart
,
or
Market
of
great
fame
,
and
stuffed
with
a
multitude
of
Merchants
dwelling
therein
,
and
of
others
,
as
well
home-bred
thither
flowing
,
and
there
expecting
their
Trade
of
Merchanting
,
and
thereupon
it
is
necessary
to
order
and
establish
a
certain
Order
within
the
said
Town
,
fo.
103.
and
the
speedy
recovery
of
Debts
to
Merchants
,
&c.
due
according
to
the
Statute
of
Acton
Burnel
,
&c.
The
Queen
granteth
,
fo.
104.
to
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
The
Queen
&
her
Heirs
,
and
Successors
are
to
have
their
Clark
of
Recognizances
.
and
their
Successors
,
that
the
Mayor
for
the
time
,
for
ever
thereafter
shall
have
power
,
together
with
the
Clerk
to
that
end
ordained
,
to
take
Recognizances
according
to
the
form
of
the
Statute
of
Acton
Burnel
,
and
of
the
Statute
of
Merchandize
made
in
Parliament
in
the
time
of
King
Edward
the
first
,
and
that
there
shall
be
a
Clerk
in
the
same
Town
,
which
shall
be
called
the
Clerk
of
the
Queen
,
her
Heirs
and
Successors
,
to
take
Recognizances
of
Debts
,
according
to
the
said
Statute
,
fo.
105.
The
Queen
appoints
William
Jackson
Gentleman
to
be
her
first
,
and
then
modern
Clerk
for
taking
Recognizances
of
Debts
within
the
said
Town
,
to
enjoy
the
same
during
his
life
,
and
after
his
death
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
&c.
fo.
106.
are
impowred
to
prefer
to
the
said
Office
,
fo.
107.
another
of
the
Burgesses
of
the
said
Town
to
be
the
Queens
Clerk
(
as
before
)
and
to
continue
so
long
as
it
should
please
the
Mayor
,
The
Mayor
to
have
a
Seal
.
&c.
fo.
108.
And
shall
have
a
Seal
in
two
peeces
for
sealing
the
said
Recognizances
,
See
chap.
46.
A
and
the
Mayor
to
have
the
custody
of
the
greater
peece
,
and
the
Clerk
,
fo.
109.
shall
have
the
custody
of
the
lesser
peece
of
the
said
Seal
,
&c.
So
that
if
a
Merchant
,
or
any
other
shall
be
made
a
Debtor
,
he
may
come
before
the
Mayor
and
Clerk
of
Recognizances
,
and
before
them
acknowledge
his
Debt
,
and
day
of
payment
,
fo.
110.
And
the
said
Mayor
and
Clerk
may
do
and
dispatch
all
other
things
which
by
the
Statute
aforesaid
are
requisite
,
&c.
fo.
111.
The
said
Clerk
is
to
have
such
Wages
,
Fees
,
Rewards
,
and
Emoluments
for
the
execution
of
the
said
Office
,
as
any
other
Mayor
of
any
other
Town
or
City
in
England
,
&c.
fo.
112.
lawfully
,
and
of
right
hath
or
receiveth
,
&c.
fo.
113.
(
M
)
The
Queen
granteth
by
the
said
Charter
to
the
Mayor
,
The
Town
of
Newcastle
discharged
of
Toles
,
&c.
and
Burgesses
and
to
their
Successors
,
and
to
the
Inhabitants
of
the
said
Town
,
that
they
be
quiet
and
discharged
,
fo.
113.
of
Toles
,
Passages
,
Poundage
,
Murage
,
Chimage
,
Paunage
,
Lastage
,
Stallage
,
Carriage
,
Picage
,
Tronage
,
Hidage
and
Wharsage
for
their
Goods
and
Merchandizes
,
as
well
by
Land
as
by
Sea
,
as
well
in
Fares
as
in
Markets
,
and
all
secular
Customs
over
the
Queens
Lands
,
on
this
side
and
beyond
the
Seas
,
&c.
fo.
114.
The
Queen
further
granteth
to
the
said
Mayor
,
Profits
of
Toles
of
Markets
and
Fares
in
Newcastle
and
liberties
to
be
levied
for
the
use
of
the
Mayor
.
Burgesses
and
their
Successors
,
that
they
shall
have
for
their
publick
use
all
and
singular
such
like
Toles
,
and
all
other
Customs
,
Toles
,
Profits
,
and
Advantages
in
Fares
and
Markets
,
holden
and
to
be
holden
within
the
said
Town
,
and
any
other
times
whatsoever
by
themselves
,
They
may
take
but
pay
no
●oles
.
fo.
115.
to
be
levied
and
gathered
,
and
to
be
expended
to
,
and
for
the
use
of
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
and
their
Successors
,
&c.
and
the
said
Queen
forbiddeth
that
any
man
disturb
them
,
&c.
fo.
116.
(
N
)
The
said
Queen
also
grants
to
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
and
their
Successors
,
that
no
Merchant
Stranger
[
](A42371-e7000-b)*
*
See
3
Ed.
1.
20.
Chap.
29.
48
,
49.
Merchant
Strangers
selling
and
buying
of
merchandizes
at
Newcastle
.
,
from
the
liberty
of
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
,
may
sell
to
any
Merchant
Stranger
,
any
their
merchandizes
within
the
said
Town
(
except
Victuals
,
and
besides
in
Markets
and
Fares
,
to
be
holden
within
the
said
Town
and
limits
thereof
)
nor
such
Merchant
Stranger
may
buy
any
Merchandizes
(
except
and
besides
as
it
before
excepted
,
)
fo.
117.
of
any
Merchant
Stranger
within
the
same
Town
and
liberty
thereof
other
than
in
gross
,
upon
pain
and
forfeiture
[
](A42371-e7050-b)*
*
See
.
Sta.
Rich.
2.
7.
14
Rich.
2.
9.
5.
6.
Edw.
6.
9.
See
cha
.
51.
A.
of
those
Merchandizes
to
be
had
and
levied
for
the
publick
use
of
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
fo.
118.
The
Queen
moreover
granteth
that
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
and
their
Successors
,
[
](A42371-e7100-b)*
*
See
ch.
49.
D
cha.
51.
A.
A
general
confirmation
of
all
liberties
,
&c.
fo.
118.
may
have
hold
,
&c.
all
such
like
Liberties
,
Customs
,
Franchises
,
&c.
and
all
other
the
premises
,
&c.
to
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
granted
and
confirmed
,
as
is
before
expressed
,
and
that
they
may
injoy
and
use
them
for
ever
fully
,
freely
,
&c.
without
impeachment
,
molestation
,
&c.
fo.
119.
Further
the
Queen
pardoneth
and
releaseth
to
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
and
to
their
Successors
,
all
and
all
manner
of
Actions
,
Suits
,
Impeachments
by
Writ
of
Quo
Warranto
[
](A42371-e7150-b)*
*
See
St.
30.
Ed.
1
A
discharge
of
all
former
actions
to
bee
brought
against
them
by
Writ
of
Quo
Warranto
.
It
doth
not
clear
since
.
Burgesses
to
be
admitted
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
.
to
be
brought
or
executed
against
the
said
Mayor
,
fo.
120.
and
Burgesses
and
their
Successors
,
by
the
said
late
Queen
&c.
or
by
any
of
her
Officers
by
reason
of
any
Franchize
,
Liberty
,
&c.
by
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
or
their
Predecessors
,
within
the
said
Town
and
limits
thereof
,
before
times
challenged
or
usurped
,
and
that
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
shall
be
quit
and
altogether
discharged
for
ever
,
fo.
121.
The
Queen
further
granteth
that
every
person
or
persons
who
for
ever
hereafter
shall
be
admitted
to
be
Burgesses
,
&c.
shall
be
admitted
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
&c.
or
by
the
greater
part
of
them
,
fo.
122.
(
O
)
Moreover
the
Queen
(
often
considering
in
her
mind
of
how
much
availe
it
is
to
the
Commonwealth
of
England
,
A
new
Free
Grammer-School
to
be
erected
and
called
by
the
name
of
Qu.
Eliz.
her
Free
Grammer
School
.
to
have
Youth
well
educated
and
instructed
from
their
tender
years
,
&c.
fo.
123.
ordaineth
and
granteth
,
that
within
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
and
the
Liberties
thereof
,
that
there
be
erected
,
and
for
ever
there
be
one
Free
Grammer-Schoole
,
which
shall
be
called
the
Free
Grammer-School
of
Queen
Elizabeth
in
Newcastle
,
and
shall
consist
of
one
Master
and
Schollars
to
be
instructed
in
the
same
,
and
that
they
the
Master
and
Schollars
of
the
same
School
,
fo.
124.
for
ever
hereafter
shal
be
one
Body
corporate
in
Law
,
fact
,
and
name
,
by
the
name
of
the
Master
,
and
Schollars
of
the
Free
Grammer-School
of
Queen
Elizabeth
in
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
&c.
and
by
that
name
may
have
perpetual
succession
,
and
shall
be
in
perpetuall
times
to
come
,
fo.
125.
persons
able
and
capable
in
the
Law
,
of
having
,
purchasing
,
&c.
Lands
,
Tenements
,
&c.
to
them
and
their
successors
in
Fee
simple
,
or
for
term
of
years
,
so
they
exceed
not
the
yearly
value
of
40
li.
and
so
they
be
not
holden
of
the
said
Queen
her
Heirs
and
Successors
in
chief
,
nor
by
Knights
service
,
&c.
f.
126
,
127
,
128.
and
that
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
and
their
Successors
or
the
greater
part
of
them
,
&c.
fo.
129.
shal
have
power
to
make
an
honest
,
learned
and
discreet
man
to
be
the
first
and
modern
Usher
in
that
School
,
there
to
continue
during
the
good
pleasure
of
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
&c.
fo.
130.
and
if
it
happen
the
Master
and
Usher
to
die
or
leave
the
said
School
&c.
fo.
131.
then
they
may
chuse
other
men
to
be
Master
and
Usher
,
&c.
fo.
132
,
133.
(
P
)
ANd
whereas
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
more
deeply
considering
and
weighing
the
effect
of
divers
Letters
Pattents
,
&c.
And
whereas
the
said
Town
is
an
ancient
Town
,
and
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
the
same
,
time
out
of
mind
fo.
133.
of
man
,
they
have
had
a
certain
Guild
or
Fraternity
,
commonly
called
Hoast-men
[
](A42371-e7440-b)*
*
See
Sta.
21.
Jacobi
cap.
3.
Mayor
and
Burgesses
Petition
,
having
been
an
antient
Fraternity
commonly
called
Hoast-men
,
for
the
discharging
and
better
disposing
of
Sea-Coals
,
&c.
that
they
may
be
incorporated
in
one
Body
.
The
Queen
ordaineth
them
so
to
be
,
names
45
to
be
the
Guild
or
Body
corporate
.
This
is
called
a
Monopoly
,
in
the
Stat.
of
the
21.
K.
Jam.
c
3.
,
for
the
discharging
and
better
disposing
of
Sea-coals
,
and
Pit-coals
,
Grind-stones
,
Rub-stones
,
and
Whetstones
,
in
and
upon
the
River
and
port
of
Tyne
,
which
Guild
or
Fraternity
is
granted
or
established
by
none
of
the
said
Letters
Pattents
:
Whereupon
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
have
humbly
supplicated
the
said
Queen
,
that
in
supply
of
the
said
defects
,
That
We
would
exhibit
Our
liberality
and
favor
,
fo.
134.
and
that
We
would
vouchsafe
to
make
,
reduce
,
and
create
the
said
Guild
into
a
Body
corporate
and
politick
,
&c.
The
said
Queen
therefore
Ordaineth
,
fo.
135.
appointeth
,
and
granteth
,
that
William
Jennison
the
elder
,
and
44
persons
more
,
commonly
called
the
Hoast-men
of
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
and
Brethren
of
the
said
Fraternity
,
and
all
others
which
now
are
or
hereafter
shall
be
elected
,
admitted
,
&c.
into
the
said
Guild
or
Fraternity
,
of
the
said
Hoast-men
of
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
f.
136
,
137.
hereafter
,
&
shal
be
one
Body
corporate
and
politick
in
Law
,
Fact
and
Name
by
the
name
of
the
Governor
,
and
Stewards
,
and
Brethren
of
the
Fraternity
of
the
Hoast-men
in
the
Town
of
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
.
&c.
one
body
corporate
and
politick
,
really
and
at
full
,
for
Us
,
Our
Heirs
and
Successors
We
do
erect
,
make
,
ordain
and
creat
,
Enables
them
to
become
purchasers
in
perpetuity
.
&c.
And
that
by
the
same
name
they
may
,
and
shall
have
a
perpetual
succession
,
and
are
,
and
shall
be
in
perpetual
times
to
come
,
persons
able
,
and
in
Law
capable
to
have
,
purchase
,
receive
,
and
possess
,
fo.
138.
Lands
,
Tenements
,
Liberties
,
&c.
to
them
and
their
Successors
in
perpetuity
[
](A42371-e7590-b)*
*
See
Stat
15.
Rich.
2.
5.
7.
Ed.
1.
and
otherwaies
,
and
to
give
,
grant
,
demise
,
&c.
the
same
Lands
,
Tenements
,
and
Hereditaments
,
and
to
do
all
other
things
by
the
name
aforesaid
,
and
that
by
the
same
name
they
may
plead
or
be
impleaded
,
&c.
in
what
Court
soever
.
&c.
fo.
139
,
140.
(
Q
)
And
that
the
said
Governor
,
To
make
a
Seal
and
break
it
at
pleasure
.
See
chap.
46
A
and
Stewards
,
and
Brethren
of
the
Hoast-men
of
the
Town
fo.
140.
of
Newcastle
aforesaid
,
and
their
Successors
that
seal
at
their
pleasure
,
may
break
,
alter
,
and
make
,
as
to
them
shall
seem
good
.
And
the
Queen
appointeth
that
there
be
and
shal
be
for
ever
hereafter
of
the
number
of
the
Hoast-men
,
&c.
which
yearly
upon
the
fourth
of
Jan.
fo.
141.
shall
be
chosen
,
&c.
by
the
said
Brethren
of
that
Fraternity
,
&c.
to
be
Governor
,
&c.
And
likewise
there
shall
be
for
ever
hereafter
two
honest
and
discreet
men
of
the
said
number
of
Hoast-men
,
&c.
fo
,
142.
who
shall
be
the
said
fourth
of
January
chosen
by
the
said
Governor
,
Steward
,
To
have
a
Governor
.
and
Brethren
of
the
said
Fraternity
,
&c.
And
that
the
Queens
will
in
the
premises
may
have
a
more
excellent
effect
,
She
fo.
143.
assigneth
,
nameth
,
and
createth
William
Jennison
the
elder
to
be
the
first
and
modern
Governor
,
&c.
fo.
144.
Moreover
She
hath
assigned
,
named
,
constituted
and
appointed
Francis
Anderson
,
and
John
Barker
to
be
the
first
and
modern
Stewards
of
that
Fraternity
,
&c
,
fo.
145
,
146
,
147
,
148
,
149.
(
R
)
The
Queen
further
grants
to
the
said
Governor
,
Power
to
make
Laws
in
their
Guild
,
as
be
pure
,
wholesome
,
good
,
and
profitable
for
the
good
Government
of
the
said
Company
.
Stewards
and
Brethren
of
the
said
Fraternity
of
Hoast-men
,
&c.
and
to
their
Successors
fo.
149.
that
the
said
Governor
,
Stewards
,
and
Brethren
,
&c.
and
their
Successors
,
&c.
shall
have
in
every
fit
time
for
ever
hereafter
full
power
of
meeting
in
their
Guild-hall
,
or
in
any
other
place
convenient
within
the
said
Town
,
and
there
to
constitute
,
make
,
fo.
150.
such
Laws
[
](A42371-e7810-b)*
*
See
19
Hen.
7.
7
,
Institutes
,
&c.
which
to
the
said
Governor
,
Stewards
,
and
Brethren
,
&c.
good
,
wholesome
,
profitable
&c.
according
as
they
shall
think
good
,
for
the
good
Rule
and
Government
of
the
Governor
,
Stewards
and
Brethren
of
the
said
Fraternity
,
and
for
Declaration
by
what
means
and
Order
they
fo.
151.
and
their
Factors
,
Servants
,
and
Apprentices
in
their
Office
and
businesses
concerning
the
said
Fraternity
they
shall
have
carry
and
use
,
&c.
And
that
the
Governor
,
Stewards
,
and
Brethren
of
that
fraternity
,
&c.
as
often
as
they
grant
,
make
,
ordain
,
or
establish
such
Laws
,
Institutes
,
inform
fo.
152.
and
they
may
impose
such
pains
,
penalties
[
](A42371-e7850-b)‖
‖
See
Stat.
25.
Ed.
1.
5.
To
impose
penalties
by
fine
or
imprisonment
upon
the
Offendor
.
,
punishments
,
and
imprisonments
[
](A42371-e7870-b)*
*
See
28
Edw.
3.
3.
And
to
have
al
fines
for
the
Companys
use
.
See
cha
.
43.
D.
Such
Laws
to
be
observed
,
if
they
be
not
repugnant
to
the
known
Laws
of
England
.
See
St.
19.
Hen.
7
7.
of
body
,
or
by
fines
,
&c.
upon
all
Delinquents
against
such
Laws
,
(
S
)
Institutes
,
&c.
as
to
them
shall
be
thought
necessary
and
requisite
,
and
as
to
them
shall
be
thought
best
for
the
observation
of
the
said
Laws
,
Ordinances
,
&c.
fo.
153.
and
the
said
fines
and
amerciaments
at
their
discretions
they
may
levy
,
have
,
and
retain
to
them
and
their
Successors
to
the
use
of
the
Governor
,
Stewards
,
and
Brethren
aforesaid
,
without
calumny
,
&c.
All
which
,
and
singular
Laws
,
Ordinances
,
&c.
the
said
late
Queen
willeth
to
be
observed
;
so
that
the
said
Laws
,
Ordinances
,
fo.
154
,
&c.
be
not
repugnant
to
the
Laws
or
Statutes
of
the
Kingdom
of
England
.
And
further
the
Queen
granteth
to
the
said
Governor
,
Stewards
,
and
Brethren
,
&c.
and
to
their
Successors
,
that
for
ever
hereafter
they
and
their
Successors
,
&c.
fo.
155.
may
have
and
shall
have
full
power
from
time
to
time
at
their
pleasure
to
chuse
,
name
and
ordain
other
inhabitants
,
and
Burgesses
of
the
said
Town
,
&c.
to
be
and
shall
be
Brethren
of
the
said
Fraternity
,
&c.
who
,
so
elected
,
nominated
and
sworn
,
shall
be
named
,
and
be
Brethren
of
that
Fraternity
.
Moreover
fo.
156.
the
said
Queen
grants
licence
,
power
,
and
authority
to
the
said
Governor
,
Stewards
,
and
Brethren
,
&c.
and
to
their
Successors
,
that
they
for
the
time
being
and
their
Successors
and
every
of
them
for
ever
hereafter
may
and
shall
quietly
and
peaceably
,
They
to
have
all
the
loading
or
reloading
of
coals
▪
&c.
in
that
Port
,
in
any
part
of
the
Port
notwithstanding
the
Statute
of
the
21.
Hen.
8.
c.
18.
See
Sta.
21
,
Ja.
3.
a
monopoly
.
have
,
hold
,
use
,
and
enjoy
all
such
Liberties
,
Privileges
,
&c.
fo.
157.
concerning
the
loading
,
and
unloading
,
shipping
,
or
unshipping
of
Stone-coals
,
Pit-coals
*
,
Grind-stones
,
Rub-stones
,
and
Whetstones
,
(
T
)
And
that
they
may
for
ever
hereafter
load
and
unload
,
ship
and
unship
,
in
or
out
of
any
ships
or
vessels
,
Pit-coals
,
and
Stones
aforesaid
,
within
the
said
River
and
Port
of
Tyne
,
in
any
place
or
places
as
to
them
shall
be
expedient
fo.
158.
between
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
,
&c.
and
the
aforesaid
place
in
the
aforesaid
River
,
called
the
Sparhawke
,
so
nigh
to
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
,
&c.
as
conveniently
may
be
done
,
according
to
the
true
intention
of
these
Letters
Pattents
,
It
is
conceived
this
Charter
could
not
repeal
that
Statute
.
as
the
men
and
Brethren
of
the
said
Fraternity
at
any
time
have
used
and
accustomed
,
notwithstanding
the
Statute
of
King
Hen.
8.
the
3.
of
Novemb
,
in
the
21.
year
of
his
reign
,
and
from
thence
adjourned
to
Westminster
holden
published
1559.
Intituled
,
An
Act
concerning
Newcastle
,
and
the
Port
and
&c.
to
the
same
belonging
,
or
any
other
Act
&c.
notwithstanding
:
And
the
said
Queen
also
willeth
,
&c.
for
that
express
mention
&c.
Witness
the
Queen
at
Westminster
the
22
of
March
,
in
the
13
year
of
her
reign
.
fo.
160.
What
a
world
of
profits
is
given
from
the
Crown
which
ought
to
maintain
it
,
and
would
have
so
filled
the
Coffers
as
that
there
had
been
little
need
of
Sesments
,
&c.
Having
read
some
works
of
those
late
famous
Expositors
of
the
Law
,
I
drew
two
or
three
heads
out
as
Observations
for
the
knowledge
of
those
who
know
them
not
,
written
by
way
of
explanation
of
our
known
Laws
,
as
being
a
Law
used
time
out
of
mind
,
or
by
prescription
.
The
Law
of
Nature
is
,
that
which
God
infused
into
the
heart
of
man
for
his
preservation
and
direction
,
and
that
the
Law
of
England
is
grounded
upon
six
principle
Points
;
the
Law
of
Reason
,
the
Law
of
God
,
divers
Customs
of
this
Land
,
of
divers
principles
and
maxims
,
divers
particular
customs
,
and
of
divers
Statutes
made
in
Parliament
.
The
fundamentall
Lawes
of
England
are
so
excellent
that
they
are
the
Birth-right
,
and
the
most
antient
and
best
Inheritance
that
the
free
people
of
England
have
,
for
by
them
,
they
enjoy
not
onely
their
Inheritance
and
Goods
in
peace
and
quietness
,
but
their
Lives
and
dear
Country
in
peace
and
safety
.
Cooks
Preface
to
the
sixth
Replication
,
and
on
Littleton
l.
2.
c.
12.
sect.
213.
Sometime
it
is
called
Right
,
sometime
Common
Right
,
and
sometimes
Communis
Justitia
;
and
it
is
the
same
Law
which
William
the
Conqueror
found
in
England
,
the
Laws
which
he
sware
to
observe
,
were
Bonae
&c.
approbatae
antiquae
Regni
legis
.
Charter-Law
being
so
repugnant
to
the
above
written
,
and
so
destructive
to
the
weal
of
the
people
,
that
never
any
Writer
ever
writ
of
them
,
nor
ever
any
Parliament
Enacted
their
publication
,
knowing
they
were
no
other
then
Prerogative
,
and
dyes
with
the
Donor
.
And
it
is
an
infallible
rule
,
where
no
Law
is
published
,
there
cannot
be
any
transgression
,
or
obedience
required
.
The
Corporation
of
Newcastle
hath
but
two
Supporters
to
stand
and
fall
by
,
first
,
Prescription
,
secondly
,
Custom
.
As
to
Prescription
a
Quo
Warrante
will
avoid
that
upon
a
legall
tryal
,
it
being
understood
that
Charters
are
void
by
reason
of
the
change
of
Government
,
if
not
,
yet
by
breach
of
Charter
,
exceeding
their
power
,
being
nothing
else
then
a
fallacy
.
And
as
to
plead
Custom
,
they
have
no
right
,
nor
never
in
possession
of
what
they
claim
,
Customary
Right
is
good
Law
,
but
Custom
without
Right
,
is
but
an
old
error
,
and
ought
to
be
removed
;
Drunkenness
and
Swearing
is
customary
,
is
it
fit
it
should
stand
because
of
its
custom
?
Kings
were
before
Corporations
,
and
could
have
better
justified
themselves
for
a
continuance
,
than
Corporations
,
by
reason
they
might
plead
Hereditary
,
or
Electary
,
Conquerors
or
Customary
,
yet
being
found
a
grievance
was
taken
and
removed
for
their
Arbitrary
actings
,
why
then
must
their
power
stand
,
that
is
no
Law
?
If
it
were
justice
to
execute
those
two
Judges
,
Empson
and
Dudly
,
for
onely
putting
a
Statute
Law
in
execution
not
repealed
,
which
is
above
Charters
,
being
grievous
to
the
people
;
it
were
nothing
more
to
execute
Justice
upon
such
who
acts
the
same
without
any
Law
.
King
John
who
was
a
Murderer
,
yet
commanded
a
murderer
to
be
taken
from
the
Altar
,
and
sent
to
the
slaughter
,
Here
was
Justice
.
Why
do
not
our
just
Judges
send
such
like
from
the
Charter
to
the
slaughter
?
If
Strafford
lost
his
life
for
acting
oppressively
by
an
Arbitrary
power
,
why
not
others
for
the
same
?
CHAP.
XII
.
King
James
his
Charters
and
Orders
.
Mars
,
Puer
,
Alecto
,
Virgo
,
VULPES
,
LEO
,
Nullus
.
Iam●s
king
of
England
Scotland
and
Ireland
●●
(
A
)
KIng
James
in
the
second
year
of
his
reign
,
being
humbly
supplicated
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
that
he
would
be
graciously
pleased
to
confirm
all
their
antient
Grants
and
Charters
,
and
to
give
them
further
powers
,
especially
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
The
King
confirms
their
Charters
,
but
grants
nothing
new
,
onely
alters
the
Election
of
their
Officers
,
and
prescribes
them
new
Oathes
to
be
administred
to
the
said
Officers
in
their
Elections
,
which
Charter
is
in
the
Chappel
of
Rolls
.
(
B
)
Also
the
King
and
his
Council
grants
them
the
confirmancy
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
by
giving
nine
Articles
upon
the
29.
of
January
1613.
and
joyned
in
the
said
Order
.
The
Bishop
of
Durham
and
other
Justices
of
Peace
of
the
County
of
Durham
and
Northumberland
,
with
the
six
Aldermen
of
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
:
But
three
years
after
being
weary
of
partners
,
the
Mayor
,
Aldermen
and
a
Jury
of
the
Burgesses
,
exhibited
a
great
complaint
to
the
King
and
Council
at
White-hall
,
of
the
great
decay
of
that
River
occasioned
by
the
said
Commissioners
,
through
their
neglect
,
and
breach
of
Trust
.
Which
Complaint
,
begat
this
following
Reference
from
the
Council
Table
,
and
further
power
to
add
to
the
former
,
See
chap.
34.
(
C.
)
35.
(
A.
B
)
28.
(
A
P
)
(
C
)
Whereas
upon
complaint
of
the
decay
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
and
of
the
daily
abuses
done
and
committed
to
the
prejudice
of
the
same
.
Certain
Articles
were
granted
on
the
29
of
January
1613.
and
commanded
to
be
put
in
execution
for
the
remedy
of
such
abuses
.
And
for
as
much
as
a
Jury
of
Newcastle-men
have
by
their
Petition
to
this
Board
grievously
complained
those
Articles
were
wholly
neglected
by
the
Mayor
and
six
Aldermen
of
the
same
Town
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Durham
and
Justices
of
Peace
,
all
which
were
joynt
Commissioners
for
the
preservation
of
that
River
;
The
River
decaying
so
fast
,
that
in
short
time
it
would
be
dord
and
wrecked
up
with
sand
,
&c.
If
not
Order
soon
taken
therein
.
The
Council
Ordered
Sir
Ralph
Winwood
,
Sir
Julius
Caesar
,
and
Sir
Daniel
Dun
one
of
the
Judges
of
the
Admiralty
,
with
the
assistance
of
the
Trinity
Masters
of
London
,
See
Chapters
19
,
24
,
25
,
26
,
28
,
34.
(
A.
B
)
35
(
A.
B
)
to
draw
up
Thirteen
Articles
more
to
be
joyned
with
the
former
nine
.
And
by
special
Order
of
his
Majesties
Council
at
White-hall
was
given
and
commanded
that
all
the
said
Two
and
twenty
Articles
be
put
in
execution
for
the
conservation
and
preservation
of
the
River
of
Tyne
by
the
Commissioners
hereafter
named
.
Or
else
to
forfit
all
the
Towns
Liberties
into
the
Kings
hands
.
See
chap.
13.
(
D
)
And
though
the
Commissioners
formerly
appointed
for
the
execution
of
the
former
Articles
,
are
persons
of
place
and
quality
,
and
otherwise
well
deserving
of
the
publick
.
Yet
for
as
much
as
contrary
to
the
Trust
reposed
in
them
they
have
altogether
neglected
their
duty
therein
,
whereof
further
notice
may
be
taken
as
occasion
shall
require
.
It
is
thought
expedient
that
these
persons
following
be
named
and
authorized
Commissioners
for
the
due
performance
and
execution
,
as
well
of
the
said
former
Articles
,
bearing
date
the
29.
of
January
1613.
as
of
those
now
devised
and
published
,
with
the
joynt
consent
and
good
liking
of
the
Aldermen
of
the
Town
of
Newcastle
,
and
others
attending
their
Lordships
in
that
behalf
,
for
the
safety
and
conservancy
of
that
River
.
(
E
)
The
Names
of
the
Commissioners
at
Newcastle
for
the
River
of
Tyne
.
-
The
Mayor
-
William
Warmouth
-
Timothy
Draper
-
Cudb
.
Bewick
.
-
Tho.
Wynn
-
Leo.
Car
-
Robert
Leger
-
John
Stubs
.
-
Robert
Chamberlain
.
-
John
Holbourn
-
Hen.
Johnson
-
Edw.
French
-
Tho.
Ewbanck
-
George
Wallis
-
Ralph
Cox
-
John
Eaden
-
John
Butler
.
(
F
)
29
January
,
1613.
See
Sta.
23.
Hen.
85.
1
That
the
owners
of
every
Salt-work
on
either
side
of
the
said
River
of
Tyne
built
and
to
be
built
,
do
within
six
months
build
up
their
Wharfs
and
Keyes
sufficiently
above
a
full
Sea-mark
in
height
of
the
water
to
be
appointed
by
the
Mayor
and
six
Aldermen
,
to
the
end
,
neither
Coals
nor
Rubbish
do
fall
off
into
the
River
.
2
That
all
Wharfs
and
Keys
in
all
parts
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
be
damn'd
and
back'd
with
Earth
,
and
not
with
Ballast
.
3
That
no
Ballast
be
cast
at
shields
by
any
vessel
which
loadeth
either
with
Coals
or
Salt
,
or
other
Commodities
,
nor
any
Ballast
Wharfes
to
be
built
there
,
or
used
for
that
purpose
.
See
Chap.
19.
(
H
)
24.
(
E
)
18.
(
A
)
4
That
all
Salt-pan
Owners
shall
carry
away
their
Pan
Rubbish
from
off
their
Keyes
or
Wharfs
every
forty
dayes
that
none
fall
into
the
River
.
5
That
no
Ballast
be
cast
but
upon
sufficient
Ballast
Wharfs
,
built
,
and
to
be
built
above
a
High-water
mark
,
and
to
be
allowed
by
the
Mayor
and
six
Aldermen
in
any
part
of
the
River
.
See
Chap
,
49.
(
G
)
6
That
the
Surveyors
,
Unladers
,
and
casters
of
Ballast
,
according
to
their
offices
and
duties
,
shal
every
week
cause
all
the
Ballast
which
falls
off
the
Ballast
shores
into
the
River
,
to
be
taken
up
again
,
and
cast
upon
the
Ballast
Wharfs
.
And
to
take
care
that
the
Ships
have
a
good
sayl
to
lye
between
the
ship
and
shore
,
that
none
of
the
Ballast
fall
between
into
the
River
.
See
Chap.
49.
(
G
)
14.
(
B
)
34
,
35.
7
That
no
Coals
nor
Stones
be
digged
within
sixty
yards
on
a
streight
line
from
a
full
Sea-mark
in
any
part
of
the
River
,
to
the
end
none
fall
in
.
8
That
some
strict
and
severe
punishment
be
inflicted
by
the
Mayor
and
six
Aldermen
upon
any
such
Master
of
Ship
or
Keels
as
shall
presume
to
cast
any
Ballast
upon
any
insufficient
shores
,
or
into
the
River
.
See
Chap.
49.
(
E
)
39.
14
(
C
)
9
That
there
shall
be
no
wyers
,
dams
,
or
other
stoppage
,
or
casting
of
Ballast
in
or
neer
the
said
River
,
or
Creeks
running
into
the
said
River
of
Tyne
,
or
within
eight
miles
of
the
Town
of
Newcastle
,
but
such
as
shall
be
allowed
by
the
Mayor
and
six
Aldermen
of
the
said
Town
▪
such
shores
being
sufficiently
Wharfed
.
See
Chap.
34.
Thirteen
Articles
more
granted
,
Feb.
14.
1616.
10
That
no
Lighters
,
Boats
,
or
Keels
with
Ballast
be
suffered
to
go
up
and
down
the
River
of
Tyne
in
any
night
Tyde
,
to
prevent
the
Keel
mens
casting
Ballast
in
to
the
River
,
they
often
using
so
to
do
,
being
more
easie
,
and
lesse
labour
to
cast
it
into
the
River
than
upon
the
top
of
the
Ballast
shores
,
which
spoyls
the
River
,
the
Commissioners
are
to
take
care
herein
to
see
the
putting
hereof
in
execution
and
to
punish
offenders
.
See
Chap
49.
(
E
)
11
That
Strangers
shall
be
appointed
every
week
to
cleanse
the
Streets
in
Newcastle
of
their
Ashes
and
other
rubbish
,
to
prevent
the
rain
from
washing
the
same
into
the
River
thorough
Loadbourn
.
12
That
all
the
Gates
on
the
Town
Key
be
locked
up
every
night
except
one
or
two
to
stand
open
for
the
Masters
and
Sea-men
to
go
too
and
fro
to
their
ships
,
which
will
prevent
servants
casting
Ashes
,
and
other
Rubbish
into
the
River
.
And
that
those
two
Gates
be
constantly
watched
all
night
long
.
See
Chap.
49.
(
E
)
Chap.
14.
(
B
)
13
That
all
servants
dwelling
with
any
the
Inhabitants
residing
or
inhabiting
in
the
Town
of
Gates-head
,
and
Sand-gate
,
and
the
Close
in
Newcastle
,
be
sworn
every
year
,
not
to
cast
any
Rubbish
into
the
River
.
See
Chap.
49.
(
E
)
.
14
Whereas
there
hath
been
an
ancient
Custome
in
Newcastle
that
every
Master
of
any
Ship
,
who
is
known
to
cast
any
Ballast
at
Sea
,
between
Souter
and
Hartly
,
or
within
fourteen
Fathom
water
of
the
Haven
,
to
the
hurt
of
the
said
River
,
was
brought
into
the
Town
Chamber
;
And
there
in
the
presence
of
the
people
,
had
a
knife
put
into
his
hand
,
was
constrained
to
cut
a
purse
with
monies
in
it
,
as
who
should
say
he
had
offended
in
as
high
a
degree
,
as
if
he
cut
a
purse
from
the
person
of
a
man
,
whereby
he
might
be
so
ashamed
that
he
should
never
offend
again
therein
;
And
others
by
his
example
were
terrified
from
trespassing
in
the
like
kind
,
that
now
in
the
time
of
so
general
wrongs
done
to
the
River
,
and
the
great
number
of
ships
which
comes
into
that
haven
,
this
ancient
custome
be
revived
,
and
put
in
execution
.
See
Stat.
8.
Eliz.
4.
See
Chap.
39.
(
A
)
15
That
whereas
much
Ballast
falls
off
into
the
River
of
Tyne
,
between
the
Ships
and
the
Ballast
shores
,
in
casting
of
it
out
of
the
Ship
to
the
great
hurt
of
the
same
,
the
Commissioners
are
to
set
every
Winter
season
,
the
poor
Keel-men
and
Shewel-men
☜
on
work
to
cast
into
Keels
such
Ballast
and
Sand
fallen
into
the
River
,
and
then
to
cast
it
on
the
Shores
or
Wharf
again
.
16
That
some
trusty
truly
substantial
men
,
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
be
appointed
to
view
the
River
every
week
,
and
to
make
Oath
for
the
abuses
and
wrongs
done
unto
the
*
same
,
two
to
be
Masters
of
the
Trinity-house
of
that
Town
,
they
to
have
no
Coals
,
nor
Mines
,
nor
Ballast
shores
,
and
to
be
appointed
by
the
Commissioners
.
See
Chap.
39.
(
35.
)
17
That
every
owner
of
ground
*
adjoyning
on
that
River
be
ordered
to
sence
the
same
grounds
to
prevent
the
banks
from
falling
and
washing
into
the
River
,
with
the
great
floods
flashes
,
and
rains
,
to
the
great
annoyance
thereof
,
See
chap.
49.
(
E
)
18
That
the
Commissioners
,
namely
,
the
Mayor
,
and
others
named
before
,
do
give
unto
the
Masters
,
Skippers
of
Keels
,
a
Commission
to
be
a
company
for
the
ordering
such
their
Brother-hood
,
and
for
them
to
punish
such
as
cast
Ballast
into
the
River
,
or
doth
other
wrong
,
out
of
their
Keels
,
they
having
been
a
Company
formerly
,
consisting
of
one
hundred
and
sixty
,
which
was
for
the
good
of
the
River
;
That
the
two
great
Pools
of
water
,
lying
on
the
back
of
a
Ballast-shore
,
be
forthwith
filled
up
,
to
prevent
undermining
of
the
shore
,
to
the
hazard
of
the
River
,
if
the
wall
,
and
Ballast
fall
down
.
19
That
all
the
Ballast
shores
in
the
River
of
Tyne
be
constantly
kept
in
good
repair
*
otherwise
a
hundred
thousand
Tuns
of
Ballast
will
fall
into
the
River
to
the
destruction
thereof
.
See
Chap.
34.
*
20
That
no
ship
or
Vessel
be
suffered
to
load
at
Shields
,
or
any
Road-stead
in
the
River
,
but
as
neer
the
Town
of
Newcastle
as
can
be
,
for
when
they
load
in
remote
places
,
the
wrongs
cannot
be
so
soon
seen
.
See
Chap.
19.
(
H
)
24.
(
E
)
(
21
)
That
the
Commissioners
do
take
good
Bonds
from
the
Owners
of
such
shores
as
shall
be
built
to
lay
Coals
on
for
Ships
,
These
Articles
are
all
void
,
notwithstanding
it
is
all
the
power
they
can
claim
.
and
shall
take
view
of
such
places
as
shall
not
do
hurt
to
the
said
River
*
either
by
casting
Ballast
on
them
indirectly
,
or
to
suffer
them
to
go
to
decay
after
there
is
no
use
made
of
them
,
and
to
keep
the
Ballast
from
washing
into
the
River
.
See
Chap
13.
34
,
35.
These
were
present
in
Council
that
granted
these
Articles
?
-
Lord
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
-
Lord
Chancellor
,
-
Lord
Treasurer
,
-
Lord
Steward
,
-
Lord
Arrundel
,
-
Lord
Chamberlain
,
-
Lord
Admiral
,
-
Earle
Buckingham
,
-
Lord
Bishop
of
Ely
,
-
Lord
Zouch
,
-
Lord
Carew
,
-
Mr.
Comptroler
,
-
Mr.
Vice-Chamberlain
,
-
Mr.
Sec.
Windwood
,
-
Mr.
Secretary
Lake
,
-
Mr.
Chancellor
Exchequer
,
-
Mr.
of
the
Rolls
.
-
Mr.
Attorney
General
.
All
these
Articles
are
broke
except
the
fifth
for
cutting
purses
,
and
the
ninth
Article
in
stopping
up
the
two
pools
,
&c.
read
the
following
Order
,
&c.
The
Council
Table
ordered
that
Leonard
Car
,
and
Cuthbard
Beuwick
two
of
the
Commissioners
which
attend
this
businesse
,
be
allowed
their
charges
,
for
their
pains
and
attendance
,
and
likewise
this
Board
might
be
the
better
assured
,
with
what
care
and
diligence
these
directions
are
pursued
,
that
the
Commissioners
do
every
quarter
certifie
of
the
proceedings
herein
,
that
further
order
might
be
taken
upon
any
defect
that
might
happen
,
and
as
shall
be
found
expedient
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
An
Order
to
seize
all
Newcastles
Liberties
,
&c.
UPon
an
Order
now
taken
concerning
the
River
of
Tyne
,
and
divers
Articles
,
conceived
fit
by
the
board
for
the
preventing
of
such
disorders
,
and
abuses
as
are
done
,
and
committed
to
the
detriment
of
the
said
River
.
It
is
thought
fit
,
and
so
ordered
for
the
better
observancy
of
the
said
Articles
;
and
the
more
carefull
endeavors
of
the
Mayor
and
Aldermen
of
the
Town
of
Newcastle
,
for
the
reformation
and
amendment
of
such
things
as
are
hurtfull
and
prejudicial
to
so
famous
a
River
,
which
have
been
slighted
and
neglected
beyond
that
which
any
way
may
be
reasonably
thought
of
,
in
a
matter
of
so
great
importance
.
That
upon
the
first
just
complaint
renewed
to
this
Board
in
that
kind
,
his
Majesties
Attorney
General
be
hereby
Authorised
without
further
question
,
or
warrant
,
to
direct
some
course
for
the
seizing
of
all
the
Liberties
of
that
Town
into
the
Kings
hand
;
of
which
their
Lordships
pleasure
and
resolution
,
is
that
such
Aldermen
and
others
of
that
Town
,
as
are
now
here
attending
that
businesse
,
were
by
the
Board
required
hereby
to
take
notice
.
Given
at
our
Court
at
White-hall
this
16
of
February
,
1616.
See
Chap.
19
(
A
)
24
(
A
)
25
(
A
)
26
(
A
)
28
(
A
)
34
(
A
)
35
(
A
,
B.
)
There
were
these
present
in
Council
.
-
Lord
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
-
Lord
Chamberlain
,
-
Lord
Arrundel
,
-
Lord
Vic.
Wallingford
,
-
Lord
Steward
,
-
Lord
Bishop
of
Ely
,
-
Lord
Zouch
,
-
Mr.
Comptroler
,
-
Mr.
Vic.
Chamberlain
,
-
Mr.
Sec.
Windwood
,
-
Mr.
Sec.
Lake
,
-
Mr.
Chan.
Excheq
.
-
Master
of
the
Rols
,
-
Mr.
Attorney
General
.
It
is
conceived
a
Writ
of
Seizure
lyes
in
this
case
,
by
reason
of
the
many
grievous
complaints
exhibited
for
their
exorbitant
abuses
committed
against
the
weal
of
the
Nation
in
that
River
in
the
spoyl
thereof
as
appears
,
*
And
in
not
putting
all
those
Articles
in
execution
for
preservation
thereof
.
&c.
In
Michael●as
1643.
in
the
presence
of
Mr.
Justice
Snape
,
Steward
of
the
Liberties
of
St.
Katherines
London
,
the
Lord
Chief
Justice
St.
John
did
direct
to
seize
St.
Katherines
Liberties
for
not
yeelding
obedience
to
a
Writ
of
the
Common
Bench
,
executed
in
St.
Katherines
,
and
the
Attorney
that
gave
the
advice
was
committed
(
a
good
president
.
)
CHAP.
XIV
.
A
return
by
the
Commissioners
of
Newcastle
in
the
due
execution
of
their
power
,
&c.
(
A
)
THe
Commissioners
for
Conservancy
of
the
River
of
Tyne
at
Newcastle
,
returns
their
quarterly
account
of
their
diligent
care
in
the
due
execution
of
the
two
and
twenty
Articles
afore-mentioned
unto
the
Council
Table
,
by
Mr.
Leon.
Car
,
and
Mr.
Buewick
,
with
order
to
petition
the
Council
for
a●
explananation
upon
some
of
the
said
two
and
twenty
Articles
,
and
for
further
power
for
the
preservation
of
the
said
River
,
especially
upon
the
one
and
twentieth
Article
,
to
whom
the
bonds
should
be
made
;
It
was
Ordered
to
the
Mayor
for
the
time
being
,
&c.
(
B
)
Also
prayed
resolution
,
who
should
repair
and
mantain
the
Ballast
shoars
and
Coal-Wharf
,
as
is
exprest
in
the
nineteenth
Article
,
Ordered
that
as
well
the
Owner
as
the
Tenant
be
bound
to
such
reparation
during
the
time
use
was
made
thereof
,
and
onely
the
Owners
afterwards
.
(
They
also
humbly
craved
their
resolutions
of
the
sixth
Article
,
and
twelfth
Article
,
who
should
be
at
the
charge
of
cleansing
the
River
of
the
Ballast
,
and
pay
the
Watchmen
,
&c.
It
is
Ordered
that
the
Town-chamber
defray
both
the
one
,
and
the
other
,
by
reason
they
receive
the
profits
of
the
River
,
&c.
See
Chap.
12.
(6)
Chap.
34.
39.
49.
(
C
)
They
also
prayed
the
resolution
of
the
eighth
Article
for
the
punishing
of
Masters
of
Ships
;
It
was
Ordered
that
the
Commissioners
should
take
bond
,
*
with
sufficient
Sureties
to
appear
before
the
Council
to
answer
their
contempt
,
and
to
such
as
refuse
to
give
bond
,
then
the
Commissioners
to
commit
them
to
prison
till
they
give
Sureties
to
answer
at
London
,
&c.
See
Chap.
41.
(
C
)
Ordered
that
the
Commissioners
shall
have
power
for
ordering
the
Wharf
,
and
new
shoars
in
every
place
in
that
River
,
after
they
are
once
erected
,
as
well
for
the
strengthning
as
backing
of
them
with
Ballast
,
as
with
other
Earth
.
See
chap.
18.
(
F
)
(
E
)
That
the
Commissioners
,
there
at
least
,
shall
subscribe
every
Ticket
,
and
the
Mayor
*
for
the
carrying
up
of
every
Keel
of
Ballast
from
the
ships
at
Shields
to
Newcastle
ballast
shoars
,
for
the
more
faithfull
execution
of
that
service
.
See
chap.
49.
(
G.
)
*
(
F
)
Ordered
that
the
Commissioners
shall
have
power
to
order
and
determine
of
such
rewards
as
shall
be
given
to
every
Wherry-man
,
or
Fisher-man
*
or
other
that
shall
truly
present
any
offence
or
offenders
against
any
of
the
Articles
prescribed
,
to
be
taken
out
of
such
Fines
,
Mu●cts
,
and
Amerciaments
,
as
shall
be
imposed
upon
any
the
Delinquents
against
the
said
Articles
.
See
Chap.
39.
(
A
)
*
(
G
)
Ordered
that
the
Commissioners
shall
have
power
to
cause
the
ballast
already
become
noysome
,
or
in
any
part
of
the
River
,
or
like
to
do
hurt
,
from
the
Land
to
be
removed
to
a
new
Wharf
,
or
fit
place
.
See
Chap.
34.
(
A
)
35.
(
A.
B.
)
CHAP.
XV.
KIng
James
on
the
14.
of
April
,
in
the
seventeenth
year
of
his
Reign
grants
unto
Alexander
Stevenson
Esq
;
and
his
Assigns
for
fifty
years
the
whole
Castle
of
Newcastle
,
with
all
Appurtenances
thereunto
any
way
belonging
,
at
the
Rent
of
forty
shillings
per
annum
,
except
the
prison
,
wherein
is
kept
the
sons
of
Belial
,
it
being
the
County
prison
for
Northumberland
;
the
said
Mr.
Stevenson
dyed
,
and
left
Mr.
Auditor
Darel
his
Executor
;
and
left
him
that
Lease
,
it
being
all
he
was
like
to
have
towards
the
payment
of
the
said
Mr.
Stevensons
debts
,
which
was
due
to
the
said
Executor
and
others
,
amounting
in
the
principal
to
two
thousand
&
five
hundred
pound
,
besides
damages
,
which
amounted
to
as
much
more
,
who
is
kept
from
his
right
by
the
instigation
of
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
upon
an
Inquisition
taken
the
18.
of
August
,
in
the
18.
year
of
King
James
,
at
Newcastle
;
It
was
found
to
be
in
Stevenson
,
and
now
in
his
Executors
,
the
said
Stevenson
dyed
in
October
,
1640.
they
claiming
a
right
from
one
widow
Langston
,
relict
to
one
John
Laugston
Groom
,
Porter
,
&c.
but
that
Title
the
Law
will
quickly
decide
upon
a
legal
Trial
,
but
the
County
of
Northumberland
hath
the
reversion
,
who
is
kept
from
having
a
free
passage
to
the
Assizes
,
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
who
shuts
up
the
gates
which
is
the
right
passage
,
and
at
such
gates
which
be
open
,
the
people
of
Northumberland
coming
to
do
their
service
at
the
Assizes
holden
for
that
County
in
that
Castle
,
are
arrested
and
cast
into
prison
by
Newcastle
,
where
none
can
bail
them
,
but
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
and
often
thereby
such
people
have
their
Cause
overthrown
,
by
such
restainment
.
In
Easter
Term
,
in
the
18.
year
of
King
James
,
Sir
Henry
Yelverton
Kt:
Attorny
General
,
exhibited
an
Information
against
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
concerning
the
premises
above
mentioned
,
where
all
plainly
appears
,
amongst
other
things
of
the
Town
,
not
to
belong
to
them
&c.
CHAP.
XVI
.
(
A
)
IN
or
about
the
eighteenth
year
of
King
James
an
Information
was
exhibited
in
the
Star
Chamber
by
the
Attorny
General
,
against
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
by
the
name
of
Host-men
,
for
that
they
having
the
preemption
of
Coals
from
the
Inheritors
in
Northumberland
,
and
County
of
Durham
by
their
Charter
of
free
Hoast-men
42
Queen
Eliz.
*
they
having
the
sale
of
all
Coals
,
who
force
ships
to
take
bad
Coals
,
or
will
not
load
them
,
with
unmarketable
Coals
:
being
brought
for
London
,
prove
much
to
the
damage
of
the
people
Which
grief
begot
great
Suits
between
the
Merchants
and
Masters
of
ships
,
to
their
disquieting
and
high
charge
,
upon
which
this
Information
was
brought
against
the
said
Hoast-men
for
selling
of
bad
and
unmerchantable
Coals
,
and
much
Slate
amongst
them
,
for
which
they
were
all
fined
,
some
100
li.
a
peece
,
some
more
,
others
less
,
being
found
guilty
;
and
ordered
to
do
so
no
more
,
but
it
is
proved
they
continue
the
same
to
this
day
.
See
chap.
43.
(
A
)
CHAP.
XVII
.
(
A
)
KIng
James
upon
the
28
of
January
in
the
16
year
of
his
Reign
grants
the
Admiralty
of
all
England
,
&c.
to
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
it
being
surrendred
by
the
Lord
High
Admiral
,
so
that
the
Title
of
Newcastle
by
vertue
of
the
Chrater
of
the
31
year
of
Queen
Elizabeths
Reign
is
conceived
of
little
force
.
See
ch.
10.
(
B
)
CHAP.
XVIII
.
King
Charles
.
The
high
and
Mighty
Monarch
CHARLES
by
the
grace
of
GOD
King
of
Great
Brittaine
France
and
Ireland
P.
Stent
ex●udit
(
A
)
SIr
Robert
Heath
,
Lord
Cheif
Justice
of
the
Common
Pleas
was
building
a
Ballast
Wharf
or
Shoar
on
his
own
Land
at
Shields
adjoyning
upon
the
River
of
Tyne
,
seven
miles
from
Newcastle
;
but
the
Commissioners
of
Newcastle
,
the
Mayor
and
Aldermen
with
others
,
obstructed
the
building
thereof
,
pretending
it
would
spoil
the
River
;
but
the
Lord
Cheif
Justice
well
knowing
it
to
the
contrary
by
the
advice
of
most
of
the
antient
Trinity
Masters
of
London
,
&
other
experienced
Traders
thither
,
went
on
with
the
building
thereof
,
upon
which
in
the
year
1632.
the
said
Mayor
and
other
Commissioners
exhibited
a
complaint
to
the
King
and
Council
against
the
same
at
Whitehal
,
complaining
that
if
any
Ballast
Shoars
or
Wharfs
were
built
at
Shields
,
it
would
much
spoil
the
River
and
hinder
Trade
and
Navigation
,
at
which
there
was
a
legal
Tryal
,
it
appeared
to
the
contrary
,
the
King
and
Council
upon
the
13th
.
day
of
July
,
1632.
Ordered
that
Sir
Robert
Heaths
Ballast
shoar
should
bee
built
.
(
D
)
In
February
next
the
Commissioners
of
Newcastle
complained
again
upon
the
same
business
,
by
pleading
some
new
matter
in
their
Petition
,
and
the
reference
they
obtained
on
their
Petition
,
was
Ordered
by
the
King
and
Council
this
13th
.
of
February
1632.
that
Sir
Robert
Heath's
Ballast-shoar
should
be
built
.
The
Commissioners
aforesaid
put
in
the
third
Petition
,
not
doubting
but
that
by
such
new
matter
they
should
prevent
the
building
of
the
said
Shoar
.
Ordered
by
the
King
and
Council
,
the
27
Feb.
1632.
That
Sir
Robert
Heath's
Ballast-shoar
,
Wharf
,
or
Key
a
building
,
shall
be
built
go
forward
,
and
be
quite
finished
.
See
ch.
13.
(
A
)
19
(
A
)
20
(
G
)
34
(
A.
B
)
.
CHAP.
XIX
.
THe
Mayor
and
Burgesses
exhibited
another
great
complaint
to
the
King
and
Council
,
wherein
nine
severall
absurdities
appeared
,
by
Capt.
Crosier
,
and
especially
against
Sir
Rob.
Heaths
shoar
,
&c.
At
the
Court
at
Greenwich
the
1.
of
June
,
1634.
King
Charls
.
-
Lord
Arch.
Bish.
Canterbury
-
Lord
Keeper
.
-
Lord
Arch
Bishop
of
York
.
-
Lord
Treasurer
-
Lord
Privy-Seal
-
Lord
Duke
of
Lenox
-
Lord
Marquis
Hambleton
-
Lord
Chamberlain
-
Earl
of
Dorset
-
Earl
of
Bridgewater
-
Lord
Vi.
Wimbleton
-
Lord
Newbrough
-
Mr.
Treasurer
-
Mr.
Comptroler
-
Mr.
Vice-Chamberlain
-
Mr.
Secretary
Winwood
-
Mr.
Secretary
Cook
.
Upon
consideration
this
day
had
at
the
Board
,
his
Majesty
being
present
in
Council
,
of
a
complaint
made
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
against
the
Ballast-shoars
,
lately
built
by
the
said
Sir
Robert
Heath
at
Shields
upon
the
River
of
Tyne
,
pretending
the
same
to
be
a
great
prejudice
of
the
shipping
and
Navigation
,
and
to
the
annoyance
and
damage
of
the
said
River
,
the
care
&
consideration
thereof
was
by
his
Majesty
especially
intrusted
unto
them
,
(
E
)
and
upon
hearing
the
allegation
on
both
sides
,
with
their
learned
Council
in
the
Law
,
it
was
thought
fit
and
ordered
,
that
the
said
Shoar
should
be
finished
and
backed
with
Ballast
to
make
it
fit
for
the
Salt
Works
,
which
for
his
Majesties
Service
are
begun
,
and
intended
to
be
performed
.
(
G
)
In
the
first
place
that
the
Sea-men
should
have
liberty
freely
to
cast
their
Ballast
there
(
H
)
without
interruption
,
if
they
find
convenient
,
none
being
compelled
to
it
,
or
hindred
from
it
.
That
neither
those
of
the
Town
of
Newcastle
,
nor
free
Hoast-men
(
I
)
(
which
sel
all
Coals
)
do
hinder
the
same
indirectly
by
denying
,
or
unnecessary
denying
to
carry
down
coals
in
Keels
or
Lighters
to
the
ships
which
shall
cast
their
Ballast
at
that
Shoar
,
to
the
end
,
this
shoar
which
may
be
for
the
safety
and
incouragement
of
Navigation
and
Shiping
,
may
be
so
used
,
as
the
same
may
neither
be
prejudiciall
to
the
Town
in
diverting
or
withdrawing
of
Trade
,
nor
to
his
Majesty
in
his
Customs
or
Duty
,
nor
hurtful
to
the
said
River
.
His
Majesty
will
refer
the
ordering
hereof
to
himself
,
as
wel
in
the
particulars
aforesaid
,
as
in
all
other
things
thereunto
appertaining
,
in
such
sort
as
both
the
Town
and
Seamen
,
shall
find
his
Majesties
Regall
care
over
them
,
Sic
subscripsit
Ex.
Majest
.
See
12
,
Chap.
3.
18.
(
D.
F
)
23
,
(
A
)
42.
(
E
)
It
is
conceived
Orders
are
no
Laws
,
and
the
latter
Order
which
contradicts
the
former
,
voids
it
;
So
by
this
of
King
Charls
,
voids
King
James's
for
the
power
of
the
River
,
in
Chap.
12.
(
I
)
CHAP.
XX.
Jarrow
Slike
,
&c.
(
A
)
ON
the
4th
.
of
December
1634.
certain
Lands
and
Wasts
were
discovered
to
the
late
Kings
Commissioners
,
at
the
Commissionhouse
in
Fleetstreet
,
as
belonging
to
the
Crown
concealed
,
especially
a
parcel
of
Land
or
Waste
in
the
River
of
Tyne
,
called
Jarrow
Slike
at
South-Shields
in
the
County
of
Durham
,
which
the
water
at
a
full
Sea
covers
every
Tyde
,
and
is
by
estimation
300
Acres
,
a
fit
and
convenient
place
for
ships
to
cast
Ballast
at
,
for
many
years
to
come
,
without
any
prejudice
to
the
River
,
and
great
furtherance
of
Trade
,
See
Chap.
56.
Chap.
34.
(
A.
B
)
The
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
hearing
thereof
put
in
their
Claim
to
the
said
Commissioners
,
and
alleadged
that
all
that
ground
belonged
to
them
,
with
all
other
grounds
to
a
low-water
mark
,
from
the
full
Sea
mark
on
both
sides
the
River
from
a
place
called
Sparhawke
in
the
Sea
,
to
Headwin-streams
,
which
is
seven
miles
above
Newcastle
,
being
fourteen
miles
in
length
granted
to
them
and
their
Heirs
for
ever
,
from
King
John
by
Charter
,
and
confirmed
by
his
Successors
;
and
therefore
beseeched
time
to
make
it
so
appear
.
(
There
being
no
such
thing
granted
,
could
never
make
it
appear
.
)
Along
time
was
given
them
,
but
nothing
appeared
as
truth
of
any
such
Grant
,
and
two
years
after
,
upon
the
first
day
of
July
,
1637.
they
instead
of
wearying
out
the
Commissioners
and
Gentlemen
that
discovered
the
same
,
was
called
to
make
good
their
claim
,
then
they
became
Petitioners
to
the
Kings
Commissioners
,
that
they
would
be
pleased
to
sell
that
parcel
of
wast
ground
called
Jarrow-slike
to
them
,
and
to
admit
them
to
purchase
the
same
,
for
which
they
would
give
two
hundred
pounds
,
by
reason
it
lay
more
convenient
for
them
,
then
any
else
,
but
they
would
give
no
more
money
for
it
.
See
chap.
18.
(
A.
B
)
See
chap.
2.
Upon
which
,
one
Mr.
Thomas
Talbot
,
and
Mr.
Richard
Allen
of
London
gave
four
hundred
pound
and
got
it
.
The
King
upon
the
27
of
November
1637.
by
his
Letters
Pattents
under
the
Great
Seal
of
England
,
confirmed
the
same
Jarrow-slike
,
and
waste
ground
upon
the
said
Talbot
and
Allen
,
and
their
Heirs
for
ever
,
they
paying
in
to
the
Exchequor
five
pound
per
annum
,
as
a
Fee-farm
Rent
,
which
said
ground
is
in
contest
between
the
said
Gentlemen
,
and
Sir
Henry
Vane
.
If
this
ground
to
a
full
Sea-Mark
were
really
the
Corporation
of
Newcastles
.
it
would
have
so
appeared
in
the
Charter
granted
by
King
John
,
and
also
they
then
might
have
made
good
their
claim
,
and
not
to
have
become
Petitioners
to
purchase
the
thing
which
was
their
own
before
even
as
they
do
in
this
,
so
in
other
things
.
)
Also
if
all
ground
be
theirs
from
a
full
Sea-mark
,
why
were
they
Tenants
to
the
late
Dean
and
Chapters
of
Durham
,
of
certain
ballast
shores
built
to
the
low
water-mark
,
on
which
all
ballast
is
cast
.
And
if
all
ground
were
Newcastles
from
a
full
Sea-mark
,
why
should
Mr.
Bonner
,
&c.
buy
the
Lady
Gibs
ground
,
and
build
a
Ballast-shoar
to
a
low
water-mark
,
and
wrong
the
Town
of
their
right
.
And
why
should
not
Gates-head
,
and
both
the
shields
which
are
built
to
a
low
water-mark
,
pay
Newcastle
rent
,
&c.
See
Chap.
18.
(
B
)
34.
(
A.
B.
)
CHAP.
XXI
.
(
A
)
KIng
Charles
in
August
in
the
13.
year
of
his
Reign
created
a
new
Corporation
of
free
Hoast-men
in
Newcastle
(
called
in
English
Coale-Engrossers
)
and
grants
a
Lease
to
Sir
Tho.
Tempest
Knight
,
with
others
for
the
selling
of
all
Coals
,
exported
out
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
and
to
receive
eleven
shillings
,
and
four
pence
per
Chaldron
Custome
,
and
twelve
shillings
from
all
strangers
which
shall
be
transported
over
Sea
,
and
to
have
two
pence
per
Chaldron
towards
their
charge
,
and
power
,
to
seize
of
all
Coals
sold
by
the
Owners
of
such
Coals
sold
;
In
which
Lease
,
it
is
ordered
,
That
if
Masters
of
Ships
have
not
their
due
measure
at
one
and
twenty
bouls
to
the
Chaldron
,
then
upon
information
given
,
the
one
half
of
such
Coals
and
Keels
to
be
forfeited
to
such
Master
,
and
the
measures
to
be
looked
after
by
sworn
Commissioners
,
and
that
this
Lease
(
Monopoly
)
to
continue
for
one
and
twenty
years
from
January
then
last
past
,
It
is
conceived
this
Lease
i●
void
both
by
Law
,
&c.
and
that
nothing
be
done
or
acted
by
pretence
or
colour
of
this
Lease
to
the
prejudice
of
the
King
.
See
Chap.
11.
(
P
)
8.
(
A
)
See
Stat.
21.
King
James
3.
See
Chap.
46.
(
B.
)
If
any
such
prejudice
the
people
,
the
King
is
also
prejudiced
here
,
the
people
cannot
sell
their
own
Coals
,
&c.
which
is
a
prejudice
.
See
his
Oath
Chap.
59.
(
A.
)
CHAP.
XXII
.
(
A
)
KIng
Charles
in
June
following
in
the
fourteenth
year
of
his
Reign
,
incorporates
another
Company
of
Coal
buyers
,
namely
Mr.
Tho.
Horth
,
and
other
Masters
of
ships
,
to
buy
all
Coals
exported
out
of
the
Ports
of
Sunderland
,
the
River
of
Tyne
,
Newcastle
,
Blith
,
and
Barwick
,
paying
to
the
King
one
shilling
per
Chaldron
Custome
,
and
to
sell
them
again
to
the
City
of
London
,
not
exceeding
seventeen
shillings
the
Chaldron
in
the
Summer
,
and
nineteen
shillings
the
Chaldron
all
the
Winter
,
provided
they
had
a
free
Market
,
and
a
just
measure
at
Newcastle
,
&c.
which
they
were
debarred
of
by
reason
of
the
foregoing
Lease
granted
to
Sir
Thomas
Tempest
.
See
Chap.
11.
(
P
)
CHAP.
XXIII
.
(
A
)
KIng
Charles
in
July
following
,
grants
another
Pattent
to
Mr.
Sands
with
others
,
for
the
farming
of
the
Customes
of
one
shilling
aforesaid
upon
every
Chaldron
,
at
the
yearly
rent
of
ten
thousand
pounds
,
by
this
you
may
see
no
small
quantity
Issues
out
,
&c.
See
chap.
11.
(
B
)
But
there
are
some
other
Gentlemen
which
hath
this
benefitial
Lease
at
present
,
namely
Sir
John
Trevor
,
with
others
,
who
payes
(
as
I
hear
)
one
thousand
four
hundred
pound
per
annum
,
(
having
some
yeers
yet
to
come
in
the
Pattent
)
I
wish
the
poor
had
it
after
them
at
the
rent
of
five
thousand
pounds
per
annum
.
And
it
is
the
judgment
of
wise
men
,
that
those
Gentlemen
are
wanting
of
many
hundreds
of
pounds
per
annum
,
which
might
be
made
as
well
as
the
former
,
&c.
CHAP.
XXIV
.
Die
Jovis
Octob.
8.
1646.
By
the
Committee
of
Lords
and
Commons
for
the
Admiralty
,
and
Cinque
Ports
&c.
WHereas
the
Committee
hath
been
petitioned
by
Barbery
Hilton
Window
,
on
the
behalf
of
her self
,
and
divers
Masters
of
Ships
,
trading
to
Newcastle
,
whose
names
are
here
subscribed
to
the
said
Petition
,
that
the
Petitioners
may
receive
the
benefit
of
loading
and
unloading
at
the
Ballast-wharf
,
erected
at
Shields
,
about
seven
miles
from
Newcastle
,
as
tending
to
the
good
and
preservation
of
shipping
,
&c.
For
that
by
reason
,
the
River
is
wrecked
up
with
sands
,
and
sunk
ships
,
that
ships
of
great
burdens
cannot
passe
up
without
hazard
and
danger
of
losing
,
which
liberty
as
by
their
Petition
is
set
forth
,
they
enjoyed
for
sixteen
yeers
past
untill
of
late
the
Mayor
and
Commonalty
of
Newcastle
have
enforced
them
to
come
up
to
their
own
shoars
.
Now
for
as
much
as
this
matter
,
as
it
is
represented
unto
the
Committee
,
may
tend
much
to
the
security
of
ships
,
the
advancement
of
Navigation
,
and
encouragement
of
Trade
,
(
E
)
It
is
Ordered
therefore
,
that
the
Petitioners
shall
be
at
liberty
to
load
and
unload
at
the
Shields
as
is
desired
,
and
directed
,
untill
other
Order
in
that
behalf
be
given
.
And
if
the
Magistrates
of
Newcastle
,
and
such
others
as
is
therein
concerned
,
shall
hereafter
desire
to
offer
reasons
to
the
contrary
,
this
Committee
will
be
ready
to
hear
them
,
and
to
do
therein
,
what
shall
stand
with
Justice
.
See
chap.
19.
(
G
,
H
,
I
)
-
Warwick
,
-
Alex.
Bence
,
-
Salsbury
,
-
Jo.
Roll
,
-
Esq.
Bence
,
-
Ed.
Prideaux
,
-
Giles
Green
.
It
is
conceived
this
Order
voids
King
James
Orders
for
preservation
of
the
River
in
the
Two
and
twenty
Articles
,
and
confirms
King
Charles
,
&c.
See
Chap.
19.
CHAP.
XXV
.
At
the
Council
for
Trade
at
White-hall
,
Septem.
26.
1651.
(
A
)
IN
pursuance
of
a
reference
of
the
Council
of
State
of
the
8.
of
Feb.
1650.
to
take
into
consideration
the
Petition
of
some
Captains
and
Masters
of
ships
,
with
others
trading
to
Newcastle
,
with
a
paper
of
their
grievances
annexed
to
the
same
,
setting
forth
.
&c.
See
12.
Chap.
the
19.
and
24.
Ch.
(
B
)
That
in
case
of
any
disaster
to
ships
after
extremity
of
weather
,
or
otherwise
,
though
in
great
distresse
.
See
Chap.
29.
(
C
)
30.
(
A
,
D
,
S
)
33.
(
A
)
(
C
)
Are
debarred
to
take
the
assistance
and
help
of
any
other
neighbouring
Ship-wrights
,
and
Carpenters
of
their
own
hired
servants
,
who
they
have
entertained
in
their
ships
for
their
Ship-Carpenters
.
See
Chap.
36.
(
A
)
38.
(
C.
)
(
D
)
But
are
constrained
either
to
carry
their
ships
to
Newcastle
,
or
to
remain
there
in
perril
,
till
one
be
sent
for
,
or
procured
from
Newcastle
,
who
will
not
come
upon
reasonable
tearms
.
See
Chap.
30.
(
B
)
38.
(
A
,
B.
)
(
E
)
complaining
also
that
the
Town
will
not
suffer
them
according
to
ancient
Liberties
and
Customes
,
to
heave
,
and
cast
out
Ballast
at
convenient
and
sufficient
shoars
where
they
may
do
it
without
endangering
their
ships
.
See
chap.
29.
(
C
)
30.
(
A
)
32.
(
D
)
35.
(
B
)
41.
(
A
)
43.
(
D
)
44
(
A.
)
(
F
)
Nor
to
load
,
nor
unload
,
where
they
may
with
safety
perfom
it
.
Notwithstanding
some
orders
heretofore
to
that
end
obtained
from
the
late
King
,
and
from
the
Parliament
,
but
are
most
injuriously
forced
to
carry
up
their
ships
to
Newcastle
through
most
dangerous
parts
of
the
River
by
reason
of
Sands
,
Shelves
,
and
divers
*
sunk
ships
in
the
way
,
with
other
particulars
to
the
like
purpose
.
(
H
)
The
Council
having
taken
the
said
papers
into
consideration
,
and
it
appearing
that
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
,
however
,
they
justifie
not
the
hindring
of
any
Master
to
make
use
of
his
own
hired
Ship-Carpenter
,
coming
along
with
him
in
the
said
ship
,
do
notwithstanding
justifie
the
hindring
of
any
other
Ship-Carpenter
to
work
or
assist
him
,
if
not
a
Free-man
of
their
Town
,
and
do
claim
the
sole
imployment
of
their
own
free
Ship-wrights
within
the
whole
Port
of
the
said
Town
.
See
ch.
12.
(
I
)
29.
(
C
)
31.
(
A
)
34.
(
C
)
32.
(
C.
B
)
35.
(
A.
B
)
38.
(
A
)
49.
(
A
)
50.
(
C
)
.
(
I
)
As
also
do
justifie
the
sole
erection
,
keeping
and
heaving
of
all
the
ballast-Shoars
within
the
said
Port
,
(
K
)
And
the
hindring
any
person
to
load
or
unload
at
any
place
of
the
said
Port
,
save
at
the
said
Town
,
or
as
near
it
as
conveniently
may
be
.
(
L
)
This
Council
having
further
received
the
Depositions
and
Examinations
of
several
Marriners
and
Masters
of
ships
belonging
to
the
Town
of
Newcastle
,
and
others
also
of
the
Town
of
Ipswich
;
and
having
also
advised
with
some
Masters
of
ships
,
antient
and
experienced
Traders
sent
and
chosen
by
the
Trinity-House
of
London
,
with
some
others
,
do
after
full
debate
had
,
and
hearing
at
divers
meetings
the
reasons
on
both
sides
alleadged
,
offer
,
See
ch.
33.
(
A
)
38.
(
A.
B
)
56.
(
A
)
(
M
)
That
the
said
practice
of
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
,
in
debarring
Masters
of
ships
to
make
use
,
within
the
River
of
Tyne
of
what
Ship-Carpenters
they
please
,
or
find
fittest
for
their
own
conveniency
,
and
in
constraining
them
to
use
onely
the
free
Ship-wrights
of
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
,
is
very
prejudicial
to
Trade
and
Navigation
,
See
ch.
33.
(
A
)
38.
(
A.
B.
C
)
(
N
)
That
it
hath
appeared
to
this
Council
,
notwithstanding
any
thing
to
the
contrary
alleadged
,
&c.
that
through
the
Winds
,
Rains
,
and
other
casualties
washing
down
the
Ballast
of
those
that
are
called
the
Town
of
Newcastles
Shoars
,
having
been
a
great
newsance
and
prejudice
to
the
River
,
and
in
the
higher
parts
thereof
.
See
ch.
34.
(
C
)
35
(
A.
B
)
(
O
)
And
that
the
practice
of
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
in
constraining
the
said
Masters
of
ships
to
come
up
the
River
and
to
heave
out
their
Ballast
at
the
Town
shoars
only
,
(
P
)
and
hindering
them
to
load
Coals
and
discharge
their
Ballast
where
they
may
with
safety
perform
it
,
as
well
to
the
Road-stead
it self
,
as
to
their
shipping
;
is
a
damage
and
inconveniency
to
Trade
and
Navigation
.
See
ch.
34
▪
(
C
)
44.
(
A
)
41.
(
A
)
44.
(
E
)
32.
(
D
)
43.
(
D
)
29.
(
C
)
31.
(
A
)
(
Q
)
To
hinder
any
ships
to
buy
or
take
in
at
any
place
of
the
said
Port
,
Bread
and
Beer
,
for
their
own
spending
and
victualling
,
is
also
a
very
great
hinderance
to
Trade
and
Navigation
.
See
chap.
48.
(
A
)
49.
(
C.
D.
G.
)
50.
(
A
)
51.
(
B
)
44.
(
E
)
29.
(
A
)
(
R
)
That
notwithstanding
for
the
better
regulating
such
farther
Liberties
as
shall
be
granted
,
in
the
granting
of
the
said
Provisions
,
building
of
Ballast-Shoars
,
defraying
the
charge
,
and
for
the
preservation
of
the
River
for
the
future
,
be
intrusted
into
faithful
,
able
mens
hands
to
see
the
same
put
in
execution
,
as
to
the
wisdom
of
the
Parliament
shall
be
thought
fit
,
&c.
John
Johnson
,
Clerk
.
pro
tempore
.
CHAP.
XXVI
.
A
Judgement
at
the
Common-Law
obtained
against
Newcastle
,
&c.
(
A
)
THomas
Cliff
a
Ship-Carpenter
,
who
hath
been
very
instrumental
in
saving
many
ships
from
sinking
,
and
at
easie
rates
,
for
his
working
upon
a
ship
in
the
same
River
of
Tyne
in
the
year
1646.
had
got
a
ship
off
the
Rocks
with
the
help
of
his
Servants
,
and
other
Work-men
,
for
which
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
sent
down
Sergeants
with
other
Burgesses
to
the
Town
of
North-Shields
,
which
is
in
the
County
of
Northumberland
,
to
bring
the
said
Cliff
and
Servants
to
their
Prison
,
in
which
service
the
said
Sergeants
killed
his
Wife
,
brake
his
Daughters
Arm
,
and
●ed
his
Servants
to
Prison
*
,
as
you
may
read
,
Chap
36.
And
then
sued
the
said
Cliff
by
an
English
Bill
in
the
Exchequer
,
and
held
him
in
suit
five
years
and
upwards
,
the
Suit
being
commenced
in
the
name
of
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
Complainants
,
against
Tho.
Cliff
Defendant
,
the
Merchants
and
Burgesses
of
that
Corporation
came
in
as
witnesses
in
their
own
Cause
,
as
you
may
find
upon
Record
in
the
Exchequer
,
where
they
were
examined
,
in
the
year
1649.
Janu.
27
,
by
vertue
of
a
Commission
,
&c.
also
they
were
cross
examined
,
&c.
which
said
Suit
was
transferred
to
the
Common
Law
,
and
to
be
tryed
at
York
Assizes
in
Hillary
1651.
the
Verdict
went
for
the
Defendant
Cliff
,
which
said
Judgement
expresses
that
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
ought
to
be
severely
fined
,
&c.
for
their
unjust
claim
in
that
Port
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
and
shall
pay
30
l.
costs
,
&c.
which
said
Bill
is
in
the
Office
of
Pleas
in
Lincolns-Inn
,
&c.
See
chap.
19.
(
C
)
24.
(
A
)
25.
(
A
)
54.
28.
CHAP.
XXVII
.
To
the
Supream
Authority
,
The
Parlament
of
the
Commonwealth
of
England
.
The
humble
Petition
of
Ralph
Gardner
of
Northumberland
,
Gent.
in
behalf
of
himself
and
many
others
,
whose
desires
are
thereunto
annexed
.
&c.
Sheweth
,
(
A
)
THat
many
great
Complaints
of
grievances
and
oppressions
presented
to
the
Council
of
State
,
in
the
year
1650.
in
writings
by
many
Captains
and
Masters
of
Ships
,
with
others
,
against
the
Magistrates
of
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
in
relation
to
Trade
and
Navigation
.
The
Council
of
State
,
by
Order
transferred
the
same
to
be
examined
by
the
Council
for
Trade
,
and
after
a
long
Debate
at
several
times
,
divers
Witnesses
were
sworn
,
and
Counsel
had
on
both
sides
.
The
Council
for
Trade
drew
up
a
Report
thereupon
,
to
present
to
the
Parliament
,
conducing
much
to
the
good
of
Trade
and
Navigation
,
which
said
Report
hath
lyen
dorment
ever
since
,
to
the
great
detriment
of
the
Commonwealth
in
the
excessive
prizes
of
Coales
and
otherwise
.
Your
Petitioner
humbly
prays
,
That
those
Reports
and
Papers
may
be
called
for
,
and
reviewed
,
and
these
annexed
desires
inserted
,
to
do
therein
as
to
Your
Wisedoms
and
Justice
shall
seem
meet
.
And
as
in
duty
bound
shall
pray
,
&c.
Ralph
Gardner
.
Henry
Ogle
,
29
Sept.
1653.
Gardners
Desires
to
the
Parliament
.
(
B
)
THat
North-Shields
be
made
a
Market
Town
,
it
being
seven
miles
from
Newcastle
,
and
twelve
miles
from
any
Market
in
the
same
County
,
which
would
relieve
the
Garrison
of
Tinmouth
Castle
,
the
Inhabitants
which
be
thousands
,
the
great
confluence
of
people
resorting
thither
,
the
great
Fleets
of
ships
daily
riding
there
would
further
them
to
make
many
more
Voyages
in
the
year
,
save
Boats
and
mens
lives
,
which
are
often
in
danger
of
being
cast
away
in
stormy
weather
*
,
also
by
which
means
the
people
would
be
releived
with
provisions
during
the
time
the
River
is
frozen
,
and
half
in
half
cheaper
than
from
the
second
hand
,
besides
the
lost
of
a
daies
labour
,
and
great
charge
to
the
poor
in
going
by
water
in
boat-hire
,
and
save
the
life
of
many
a
man
and
beast
from
falling
into
Coal-pits
,
which
lies
open
after
the
Coals
wrought
out
,
being
covered
with
snow
,
&c.
See
chap.
29.
(
A
)
48.
(
A
)
49.
(
B
)
50.
(
A
)
51.
(
A
)
(
C
)
That
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
may
no
more
imprison
poor
Artificers
onely
for
working
upon
their
Trades
in
or
about
the
River
,
See
chap.
36.
(
A
)
38.
(
A.
C
)
(
D
)
That
they
may
not
cast
men
into
prison
for
saving
of
ships
from
sinking
,
nor
keep
men
in
prison
till
they
give
them
Bond
never
to
work
upon
their
Trade
again
.
See
ch.
33.
(
A
)
36.
(
A
)
38.
(
A
)
(
E
)
That
they
may
not
force
all
goods
brought
in
by
Sea
for
the
Salt
and
Coal-Works
use
,
at
and
near
the
Shields
,
to
be
carryed
up
to
Newcastle
where
there
is
no
use
for
the
same
.
See
ch.
50.
(
F
)
That
the
Coal
Owners
of
Northumberland
and
County
of
Durham
may
have
free
liberty
to
sell
their
own
Coals
to
ships
,
and
not
to
be
inslaved
by
the
free
Hoast-men
of
the
Town
of
Newcastle
.
(
G
)
That
any
person
may
have
liberty
to
build
ships
and
vessels
in
the
River
of
Tyne
,
without
the
molestation
of
the
Magistrates
of
the
Town
of
Newcastle
,
for
the
increase
of
Trade
and
Navigation
.
(
H
)
That
no
Masters
of
ships
may
be
imprisoned
for
refusing
to
swear
against
themselves
,
according
to
the
practice
of
the
Star-Chamber
,
it
being
a
great
discouragement
to
Trade
,
and
disquieting
of
the
spirits
of
many
consciencious
persons
,
&c.
See
chap.
39.
(
A
)
49.
(
I
)
That
all
unreasonable
and
arbitrary
fines
may
be
mittigated
as
shall
be
agreeable
to
Justice
and
Equity
.
See
ch.
41.
42.
(
A
)
(
K
)
That
no
more
ships
may
be
compelled
up
the
dangerous
River
seven
miles
,
whereas
they
need
to
go
but
one
mile
:
never
any
Coals
being
to
be
had
at
Newcastle
,
which
would
save
many
ships
from
sinking
,
and
cause
them
to
make
upwards
of
three
Voyages
in
the
year
more
than
they
do
,
which
would
cause
two
or
three
hundred
thousand
Chaldron
of
Coals
more
to
be
sould
,
and
the
excessive
prices
to
fall
under
twenty
shillings
the
Chalder
all
the
year
,
See
ch.
29.
(
C
)
32.
(
C
)
31.
(
A
)
(
L
)
That
the
trust
of
the
River
of
Tyne
be
put
into
faithfull
Commissioners
hands
,
the
Mayor
,
and
Aldermen
,
and
Commissioners
of
Newcastle
having
betrayed
the
trust
reposed
in
them
for
conservancy
thereof
,
that
whereas
within
in
this
twenty
years
above
twenty
ships
of
the
burden
two
hundred
Tuns
rid
a
float
in
most
Roadsteads
in
the
said
River
,
now
not
above
four
of
the
same
burden
at
low
water
.
See
chap.
12.
(
●
)
34
,
(
C
)
.
35.
(
A
,
B
)
(
M
)
That
their
Charters
granted
to
their
Corporation
may
be
called
in
,
and
viewed
,
and
other
Grants
and
Orders
granted
by
King
James
,
and
what
is
found
offensive
to
the
Commonwealth
may
be
repealed
,
as
it
now
stands
,
proves
destructive
to
the
peoples
right
.
Septem.
29.
1653.
All
which
are
presented
to
your
Honours
to
do
therein
as
God
shall
direct
you
for
the
good
of
his
people
.
Ralph
Gardner
.
Tuesday
October
●
.
1653.
(
N
)
THe
Petition
of
Ralph
Gardener
of
Northumberland
Gentleman
,
in
the
behalf
of
himself
,
and
many
others
,
whose
humble
desires
are
thereunto
annexed
,
being
this
day
read
,
the
Committee
conceives
it
proper
for
the
Committee
for
Trade
,
and
therefore
do
recommend
the
same
to
their
consideration
.
Anthony
Rous.
At
the
Committee
for
Trade
and
Corporations
,
sitting
at
Whitehall
,
Octob.
18.
1653.
(
O
)
WHereas
a
Petition
hath
been
exhibited
to
this
Committee
by
the
said
Ralph
Gardner
of
Northumberland
Gentleman
,
in
the
behalf
of
himself
,
and
many
others
,
complaining
of
several
grievances
,
they
sustain
by
the
Corporation
of
the
Town
of
Newcastle
;
It
is
ordered
,
that
the
said
Petition
,
and
complaint
be
taken
into
consideration
by
this
Committee
on
Tuesday
the
15.
of
November
next
,
whereof
the
Mayor
and
Corporation
of
Newcastle
aforesaid
,
are
to
have
convenient
notice
.
Samuel
Warner
.
(
P
)
The
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
Petitioned
the
Committee
beseeching
their
honours
for
a
copy
of
the
Petition
and
paper
exhibited
,
and
to
grant
them
fourteen
dayes
time
longer
,
to
make
their
defence
,
which
their
Honors
granted
,
but
ordered
their
Agents
to
attend
the
15.
day
of
Novem.
to
hear
the
Witnesses
on
the
Commonwealths
behalf
,
examined
,
and
to
receive
what
further
should
be
brought
in
by
way
of
charge
against
the
Corporation
,
by
reason
a
great
trial
was
had
before
their
Honours
,
with
the
late
Farmers
of
the
Customes
,
which
took
up
all
that
day
,
the
eighteenth
day
was
appointed
for
Newcastles
businesse
,
on
which
day
most
of
the
Witnesses
were
examined
upon
this
following
charge
,
and
proved
it
in
presence
of
the
Corporations
Agent
,
and
when
they
were
all
dismist
and
gone
,
the
Agent
desired
further
time
,
and
the
Witnesses
to
be
crosse
examined
,
to
which
the
honourable
Committee
replied
,
that
further
time
they
would
not
give
in
a
matter
of
so
high
concernment
,
and
it
was
too
late
to
crosse
examine
the
witnesses
,
he
not
desiring
it
when
they
were
there
,
and
he
present
,
but
granted
him
a
copy
of
the
charge
.
CHAP.
XXVIII
.
The
Heads
of
the
Charge
exhibited
by
Ralph
Gardner
of
Northumberland
Gent.
to
the
Committee
for
Trade
and
Corporations
,
against
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
1653.
(
A
)
THat
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
have
,
and
do
imprison
Artificers
,
only
for
their
working
upon
their
lawfull
Trades
.
(
See
Stat.
1
,
1301.
)
(
B
)
That
they
do
force
Masters
of
Ships
to
cut
purses
,
in
their
open
Court
for
gain
to
themselves
,
and
imprisons
them
if
they
refuse
.
See
Stat.
8.
Eliz.
4.
(
C
)
That
they
force
all
Masters
of
ships
to
swear
against
themselves
,
and
notwithstanding
they
have
swore
the
truth
,
others
are
called
in
to
swear
against
them
,
which
is
for
a
Fines
sake
,
which
profit
accrues
to
the
Mayor
,
Burgesses
and
witnesse
for
their
own
use
.
(
D
)
That
they
do
impose
Arbitrary
Fines
so
excessively
,
that
without
payment
is
committed
to
prison
,
which
said
Masters
are
there
detained
till
the
said
Fine
bee
paid
.
(
E
)
That
they
have
robbed
people
in
their
open
Markets
and
in
passing
through
the
Town
,
of
their
goods
,
alledging
foreign
bought
,
and
foreign
sold
,
all
people
not
being
free
of
that
Town
are
reputed
foreigners
.
(
F
)
That
they
have
imprisoned
men
for
saving
ships
fom
sinking
,
and
detains
them
till
compound
,
whose
poor
wives
,
and
children
are
ready
to
starve
,
also
keeps
them
in
prison
till
they
enter
into
bond
never
to
work
upon
their
Trades
again
.
(
G
)
That
they
of
that
Corporation
have
taken
an
Oath
amongst
themselves
not
to
work
with
,
nor
imploy
any
un-freemen
,
but
to
suppresse
all
such
from
working
in
that
Corporation
,
or
the
whole
River
of
Tyne
.
(
H
)
That
they
do
imprison
poor
Masters
of
ships
for
letting
their
ships
from
sinking
,
and
denies
bayl
.
(
I
)
That
they
seize
of
all
such
goods
as
any
poor
Master
doth
save
when
their
ships
are
sinking
,
which
is
all
the
poor
Master
hath
left
in
the
world
to
relieve
his
wife
and
family
,
and
poor
Sea-men
.
(
K
)
That
when
any
ship
is
sinking
,
though
seven
miles
from
Newcastle
,
none
must
help
to
save
her
,
but
Newcastle-men
must
be
sent
for
,
who
comes
at
leasure
,
besides
having
his
demands
which
is
excessive
.
(
L
)
That
they
ingrosse
all
Merchandize
,
and
other
dead
victual
,
and
provision
which
comes
in
by
Sea
,
and
then
forces
the
Countries
to
give
them
their
own
rates
for
what
they
want
.
(
M
)
They
will
not
suffer
any
Provisions
to
be
bought
at
Shields
,
or
any
Market
to
be
there
,
notwithstanding
people
are
often
drowned
in
going
and
returning
from
Newcastle
Markets
,
and
also
many
are
ready
to
starve
in
the
Winter
season
by
reason
the
River
is
then
frozen
up
,
and
so
become
Innavigable
.
(
N
)
That
they
by
Ingrossing
all
Corn
into
their
hands
have
kept
it
to
so
excessive
Rates
,
that
the
poor
could
not
buy
it
,
but
have
been
constrained
to
eat
beasts-blood
,
baked
instead
of
bread
.
(
O
)
That
by
such
hoarding
up
the
corn
,
and
the
people
not
able
to
buy
the
same
being
so
dear
,
many
country
people
were
necessitated
to
eat
Dogs
and
Cats
,
and
to
kill
their
poor
little
Coal-horses
for
food
.
(
P
)
They
have
hoarded
up
so
much
corn
,
and
keeping
it
for
such
excessive
gain
,
that
in
the
very
time
of
scarcity
and
misery
amongst
the
people
many
have
been
found
starved
to
death
in
holes
,
hundred
bouls
of
corn
were
cast
into
the
River
,
being
spoyld
with
the
Rats
,
and
rot
,
the
very
Swine
could
not
eat
it
.
(
Q
)
That
they
will
not
suffer
any
of
the
Coal
Owners
in
any
of
the
two
Counties
to
sell
their
own
Coals
,
but
the
owners
must
either
sel
their
Coals
to
the
free
Hoast-men
,
at
what
price
they
please
,
and
then
all
ships
must
give
them
their
own
price
,
or
get
none
,
which
makes
Coals
so
dear
.
(
R
)
That
no
ship
shall
be
loaden
with
Coals
,
&c.
that
will
not
do
what
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
commands
them
,
by
going
up
the
River
seven
miles
with
ballast
to
their
great
losse
of
time
,
and
hurt
of
their
ships
.
(
S
)
That
ships
have
been
often
ten
or
fourteen
daies
in
sailing
up
and
down
the
River
onely
to
discharge
their
Ballast
,
they
for
the
most
part
taking
in
their
loading
at
Shields
.
See
chap.
32.
(
C
)
(
T
)
That
other
ships
which
have
taken
in
their
loading
at
Shields
,
with
Coals
and
Salt
have
made
their
Voyage
to
London
and
back
,
before
such
ships
which
were
so
compelled
to
Newcastle
,
could
get
ready
,
and
ordinarily
is
the
cause
of
their
loss
of
three
Voyages
in
the
year
,
by
such
compulsions
.
See
chap.
32.
(
D
)
(
U
)
That
they
force
all
ships
with
materials
brought
in
by
Sea
for
the
absolute
use
of
the
Salt-Works
and
Coal-works
,
at
and
near
Shields
,
to
be
carryed
to
Newcastle
,
and
laid
out
upon
their
Key
,
though
they
have
no
use
for
the
same
,
and
the
customs
being
already
paid
,
and
Officers
at
Shields
attending
;
often
the
boats
that
fetches
them
sinks
in
returning
to
Shields
.
See
chap.
50.
(
C
)
(
W
)
That
ships
have
often
sunk
in
returning
empty
from
Newcastle
to
Shields
,
there
being
nothing
to
be
had
at
Newcastle
,
and
such
ships
are
onely
to
take
in
Salt
or
Coals
at
Shields
:
No
Salt
to
be
got
elsewhere
,
but
at
Shields
in
that
River
,
and
thereabouts
.
See
chap.
29
,
30
,
32.
(
X
)
That
they
will
not
tollerate
any
Seaman
,
though
never
so
able
a
Pilot
to
guide
a
strangers
ship
into
the
River
,
over
Tinmouth-Bar
,
though
he
be
in
never
so
great
distress
,
but
a
Free-man
must
be
sent
for
from
Newcastle
,
there
being
but
two
at
Shields
,
by
means
whereof
the
ship
is
often
ready
to
be
lost
before
any
can
get
seven
miles
up
,
and
seven
miles
back
again
.
See
ch.
32.
(
A
)
(
Y
)
That
they
force
all
ships
,
though
never
so
long
,
great
,
or
weak
,
to
sail
up
the
River
,
to
cast
out
their
Ballast
upon
their
Shoars
,
for
the
gain
of
Eight
pence
for
every
Tun
a
ship
carries
,
which
is
an
Arbitrary
Imposition
;
see
chap.
32.
(
B.
C
)
it
formerly
being
but
Four
pence
.
And
one
ship
with
another
carrys
an
100
tun
every
voyage
,
&c.
See
ch.
29.
(
C
)
(
A
B
)
That
they
force
Masters
of
ships
to
pay
for
Eighty
tun
,
when
indeed
they
have
but
Forty
tun
,
and
so
oppress
the
poor
Masters
,
whereby
the
price
of
Coals
must
needs
be
enhanst
:
See
cha
.
44.
(
A
)
(
A
F
)
That
they
have
spoiled
the
River
with
their
Ballast
Shoars
,
by
ships
sinking
in
sailing
up
the
River
,
and
returning
back
,
Their
ballast-Shoars
being
so
full
,
and
heavy
,
and
hilly
,
that
every
showre
of
Rain
,
and
storm
of
Wind
doth
blow
and
wash
down
the
ballast
into
the
River
,
besides
the
weight
in
pressing
down
the
walls
t●
the
great
prejudice
of
the
Commonwealth
;
by
the
obstruction
of
the
River
,
and
endangering
of
shipping
.
See
chap.
34.
(
A
)
35.
(
A.
B
)
(
A.
G
)
That
by
the
negligence
of
the
Commissioners
for
the
River
,
above
Three
thousand
Tuns
of
ballast
have
fallen
into
the
River
in
one
Nights
time
.
See
ch.
34
(
C
)
.
None
taken
up
,
&c.
(
A.
H
)
That
within
this
Twenty
years
,
where
Twenty
Ships
of
a
certain
burden
could
have
rid
afloat
in
most
Road-steads
in
the
River
at
a
low
water
mark
,
now
not
above
Four
ships
can
ride
afloat
,
&c.
See
chap.
35.
(
B
)
(
A.
I
)
That
ships
have
made
Twelve
Voyages
in
the
year
,
within
this
20
years
,
when
they
had
liberty
to
cast
their
ballast
at
Shields
,
and
now
they
make
but
Four
or
Five
Voyages
only
,
being
obstructed
by
the
Mayor
&
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
in
compelling
the
ships
up
the
River
,
seven
miles
,
to
cast
out
their
ballast
upon
their
own
Shoars
,
&c.
See
chap.
32
(
D
)
(
A.
K.
)
That
they
will
not
suffer
any
Ballast-shoars
to
be
built
at
or
near
the
Sheilds
,
by
reason
the
owners
of
the
ground
wil
not
sel
it
to
them
,
notwithstanding
there
are
convenient
places
for
Shoars
for
above
this
hundred
years
to
come
,
without
any
prejudice
to
the
River
,
and
to
the
great
advantage
of
the
Commonwealth
,
See
chap.
29.
(
C
)
(
A.
L.
)
That
they
do
hinder
the
stock
of
the
publick
Revenue
above
Forty
thousand
pounds
per
an
.
in
Customs
,
decla●●
.
See
Chap.
45.
(
B.
E.
F.
)
32.
(
D
)
(
A.
M
)
That
they
do
hinder
a
trade
all
the
Winter
season
,
by
reason
neither
ships
nor
boats
can
pass
up
the
River
,
which
is
often
frozen
below
the
ballast-Shoars
,
called
the
Bill-point
,
and
half
down
the
River
,
it
never
freezeth
lower
.
See
ch.
35.
(
B
)
(
A.
N
)
That
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
have
combined
and
made
new
Ordinances
amongst
themselves
,
that
what
free
Hoast-men
or
filler
of
Coals
,
shall
sell
any
Coals
to
such
Ship-Masters
as
shall
cast
any
ballast
at
Shields
,
and
not
upon
their
own
ballast
Shoars
,
shall
forfi●
and
pay
20
l.
a
time
,
or
lie
in
prison
till
the
same
be
paid
.
See
ch
,
43.
(
D
)
30.
(
D
)
(
A.
O
)
That
all
such
Coals
as
shall
be
sold
,
and
not
being
free
of
that
Corporation
shall
be
confiscated
for
the
Corporations
use
.
See
21.
Chap.
(
A
)
(
Some
say
if
what
is
here
alledged
be
nothing
but
the
truth
it
were
pity
,
but
they
should
receive
judgement
according
to
their
respective
offences
,
but
if
it
appear
otherwise
,
it
were
pity
,
but
the
evidence
upon
oath
,
with
my self
,
should
receive
the
same
judgement
.
)
(
A.
P
)
That
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
by
having
betrayed
the
trust
reposed
in
them
by
King
James
,
in
the
two
and
twenty
Articles
for
the
preservation
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
have
forfeited
all
that
Corporations
liberties
into
the
States
hand
,
by
the
exorbitant
abuses
committed
,
and
neglect
in
not
putting
them
in
execution
.
See
chap.
13.
(
A
)
34.
(
C
)
(
A.
Q
)
All
which
said
charge
was
proved
upon
Oath
before
the
Council
at
White-hall
,
1650.
And
the
Committee
for
Trade
and
Corporations
at
White-hall
in
November
1653.
And
Order
was
given
that
Mr.
Thomas
Skinner
be
desired
to
draw
up
an
Act
for
a
free
Trade
in
that
Port
and
River
of
Tyne
,
to
present
to
the
Parliament
.
See
Cha.
54.
(
which
Act
was
intended
.
)
Whether
it
be
consonant
to
Religion
or
reason
,
that
these
things
so
perpetrated
aforesaid
,
against
the
good
of
a
Commonwealth
should
be
neglected
,
and
in
not
being
timely
regulated
,
I
refer
to
better
judgements
.
Ralph
Gardner
.
(
A.
R.
)
Mr.
Mark
Shafto
,
Mr.
Ralph
Jennison
,
Mr.
Robert
Ellison
,
Mr.
Tho.
Bonner
,
the
Recorder
and
Aldermen
of
Newcastle
,
with
Mr.
John
Rushworth
,
one
Maddison
,
and
one
Michael
Bonner
,
with
many
more
of
the
Burgesses
,
appeared
at
White-hall
on
the
29.
of
November
,
being
the
day
appointed
for
the
Town
to
plead
to
the
charge
,
they
having
had
the
copy
of
the
charge
,
where
the
full
Committee
was
met
,
and
many
Parliament-men
more
,
where
the
Petition
,
the
charge
,
&
the
desires
were
read
,
to
the
foregoing
Gentlemen
.
(
A.
S.
)
The
Corporation
,
Agents
and
Aldermen
humbly
begged
ten
weeks
longer
time
,
by
reason
they
were
not
ready
,
nor
prepared
to
answer
the
charge
,
for
it
struck
at
all
that
was
neer
and
dear
unto
them
[
](A42371-e14770-b)*
*
Oppression
.
.
And
hoped
the
Town
would
not
be
surprised
,
and
that
they
did
conceive
Mr.
Gardner
had
sent
down
that
order
to
affront
the
Town
,
by
reason
it
was
dropt
at
the
Mayors
door
by
a
boy
;
And
that
there
was
a
Paper
printed
by
Mr.
Gardner
which
was
as
full
of
lyes
,
as
words
,
which
did
conclude
them
,
and
dishearten
their
Witnesses
,
also
that
the
Scots
having
tumbled
their
Records
,
could
not
draw
up
an
answer
in
so
short
a
time
.
(
A.
T.
)
In
answer
to
the
Town
,
it
was
humbly
moved
,
their
Honours
would
give
no
longer
time
,
by
reason
it
was
the
day
set
,
and
agreed
upon
,
that
they
of
the
Corporation
should
plead
,
and
that
it
was
no
new
matter
insisted
upon
,
but
what
was
debated
at
that
Board
two
years
before
,
the
Records
and
Judgement
given
against
Newcastle
being
in
their
Honors
custody
,
and
that
they
were
as
wel
able
to
plead
then
,
as
at
any
other
time
,
and
if
there
were
any
new
matter
it
should
be
withdrawn
,
and
was
willing
to
joyn
issue
upon
the
former
Judgement
granted
two
years
before
,
at
the
same
Board
.
The
Towns
Agents
altogether
refused
that
,
and
hoped
their
Honours
would
not
insist
upon
the
former
Judgement
,
but
to
give
them
longer
time
,
they
not
being
ready
to
plead
to
the
said
charge
,
nor
came
prepared
upon
the
earnest
solicitation
of
the
Towns
Agents
:
The
Committee
told
them
,
that
if
they
would
deal
clearly
and
candidly
with
them
,
as
to
give
in
writing
under
their
hands
such
an
Answer
to
the
charge
as
they
would
stand
and
fall
by
,
then
they
would
give
them
their
own
time
,
if
not
,
then
they
would
record
that
fair
motion
,
and
that
they
must
plead
by
reason
they
appeared
,
and
entred
upon
a
plea
,
and
their
work
was
very
short
,
for
all
that
they
had
to
do
,
was
to
plead
Guilty
,
or
not
Guilty
;
if
guilty
,
then
to
make
it
good
by
what
Law
they
did
such
things
as
was
laid
to
their
charge
,
(
and
if
not
guilty
,
then
it
was
left
to
Mr.
Gardner
to
prove
his
Charge
,
(
who
indeed
had
proved
all
sufficiently
)
and
therefore
would
give
no
more
day
,
what
ever
,
then
the
13
of
December
,
and
Mr.
Gardner
left
free
to
bring
in
what
more
he
had
to
charge
them
with
;
Upon
the
12
day
of
December
,
the
Parliament
was
dismissed
.
But
the
Honourable
Committee
met
in
White-hall
,
and
drew
up
another
report
,
and
signed
the
same
against
the
Corporation
of
Newcastle
,
and
would
have
presented
the
same
to
his
Highnesse
the
Lord
Protector
.
But
I
conceived
to
give
a
Narrative
was
better
,
though
it
be
large
,
yet
such
things
as
are
pertinent
,
might
be
sooner
collected
being
put
together
,
and
more
satisfactory
to
all
hands
,
then
lying
in
several
Courts
distractedly
,
not
doubting
,
but
thereby
to
reap
the
fruits
according
to
my
labour
,
I
not
in
the
least
dispairing
,
and
am
satisfied
with
the
change
,
desiring
God
to
go
along
with
him
in
all
his
Highnesse
undertakes
.
CHAP.
XXIX
.
Depositions
.
Ships
upon
Sands
;
Others
sinking
,
others
sunk
;
Boats
,
and
Provisions
cast
away
,
and
people
drowned
,
&c.
and
others
cast
into
Prison
for
saving
ships
from
sinking
.
All
done
at
Newcastle
,
by
Order
of
those
Magistrates
,
[
](A42371-e14970-b)*
*
Mr.
Fuller
.
all
Wreck
being
given
them
by
Charter
.
ANdronicus
[
](A42371-e15000-b)*
*
Andronicus
or
the
unfort●●nate
Polititio●●
▪
the
Tyrant
,
and
also
an
Heathen
King
,
being
overcome
with
a
reluctancy
of
heart
,
seeing
the
miserable
condition
poor
Merchants
and
Sea-men
were
in
after
Ship-wrack
,
(
and
should
receive
so
bad
a
reward
from
people
,
whom
they
came
to
for
help
or
shelter
)
by
having
their
goods
seized
on
,
their
throats
cut
,
and
no
relief
afforded
by
those
that
got
all
the
Sea
had
cast
up
for
succour
,
they
never
taking
any
pains
for
the
same
;
made
a
law
,
whosoever
took
a
bit
of
wreck
for
their
own
use
should
be
put
to
death
,
but
that
all
should
be
preserved
for
a
time
,
or
the
worth
,
for
the
right
Owner
,
and
if
not
looked
after
by
the
Owner
,
then
for
such
,
as
were
sufferers
by
shipwrack
for
the
future
,
and
the
people
paid
for
their
pains
in
saving
of
it
.
For
which
Law
they
were
cannonized
.
Let
not
Tyrants
and
Heathens
out-strip
us
in
Mercy
and
Justice
.
This
Law
we
want
.
(
A
)
Mary
Hume
▪
upon
her
Oath
said
,
That
all
Ships
and
Boats
,
are
compelled
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
to
sail
up
the
River
to
their
Ballast-shoars
and
Town
,
with
all
manner
of
victuals
which
are
brought
into
that
River
,
and
will
not
suffer
any
Market
to
be
at
Shields
which
is
seven
miles
from
them
,
and
twelve
miles
from
any
other
Market
Town
in
the
same
County
,
and
that
they
compel
all
people
to
their
Markets
.
*
By
which
means
,
the
hath
known
many
‖
Ships
and
Boats
cast
away
,
in
the
said
River
by
stormy
weather
.
(
Read
Stat.
27.
Edw.
1.
*
)
See
Chap.
49.
(
B
)
*
)
Chap.
10.
(
S
)
‖
31.
(
A
)
(
B
)
She
the
said
Mary
further
affirms
,
that
she
hath
known
many
people
drowned
,
and
Boats
cast
away
in
stormy
weather
in
that
River
,
and
provisions
.
And
that
in
or
about
the
year
1650.
one
William
Rea
of
Shields
was
drowned
in
coming
from
Newcastle
Market
.
Also
a
young
Gentleman
,
son
to
Mr.
Snape
Minister
in
Northumberland
,
was
drowned
in
that
River
,
both
which
,
were
found
and
buried
at
Shields
,
but
no
Coroner
*
viewed
their
dead
bodies
,
which
she
hath
heard
should
have
been
done
by
Newcastles
Coroner
,
being
tyed
to
it
by
Charter
.
See
chap.
10.
(
O
,
P
)
Also
William
Grays
mother
in
Law
,
of
North-shields
,
in
going
to
Ma●ke●
was
cast
away
,
&c.
Mary
Hume
.
(
C
)
J●hn
Mallen
Master
of
a
Ship
,
upon
his
oath
said
,
That
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
do
deny
to
load
any
ships
,
nor
suffer
any
others
to
load
them
with
Coals
,
who
refuse
to
sail
up
that
dangerous
River
seven
miles
to
cast
out
Ballast
upon
their
shoars
,
which
compulsions
causeth
the
losse
of
many
ships
*
and
vessels
in
that
River
amongst
Sands
,
Shelves
,
and
sunk
ships
,
it
being
meerly
for
the
gain
of
eight
pence
per
tun
of
Ballast
.
See
chap.
31.
(
A
,
B
)
32.
(
B
)
*
(
D
)
That
he
this
Deponent
was
in
company
with
one
Mr.
James
Beats
,
of
Alborough
,
who
was
Master
of
a
new
ship
,
being
compelled
to
sail
up
the
River
to
cast
out
his
ballast
upon
their
unlawful
Ballast-shoars
.
And
in
returning
to
Shields
to
take
in
her
loading
of
Coals
,
in
the
middle
of
the
River
his
ship
sunk
,
and
none
durst
help
to
save
her
for
fear
of
being
imprisoned
,
as
others
were
for
the
like
,
nor
to
weigh
her
up
again
.
See
Chap.
30.
(
A
)
(
E
)
The
Free-men
came
and
required
a
greater
summe
*
to
weigh
her
up
,
then
she
was
worth
;
so
the
poor
Master
was
forced
to
leave
her
upon
small
termes
.
But
soon
after
,
they
got
her
up
,
and
set
her
to
Sea
for
their
own
use
,
which
the
said
Master
Beats
might
have
done
the
like
,
if
those
of
Newcastle
would
have
tollerated
the
Un-freemen
to
work
,
who
were
as
well
able
to
perform
that
service
.
See
Chap.
30.
(
F
)
36.
(
A
)
*
Stat.
2.
Ed.
6.
15.
*
All
Wreck
is
given
to
them
.
See
Chap.
10.
8.
-
John
Mallen
,
-
Thomas
Heislewood
.
CHAP.
XXX
.
(
A
)
THomas
Gosnal
Master
,
affirms
,
that
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
by
compelling
all
ships
up
that
dangerous
River
of
Tyne
seven
miles
,
is
the
cause
of
the
losse
of
many
ships
;
and
that
Mr.
Cason
lost
his
ship
upon
the
Bill-point
which
sunk
,
but
by
weighing
her
up
again
,
it
cost
him
near
two
hundred
and
fifty
pound
.
All
which
might
have
been
saved
,
if
ships
could
be
tollerated
to
cast
Ballast
at
Shields
.
See
Chap.
25.
(
B
)
Chap.
10.
(
S
)
32.
(
C.
E.
)
Thomas
Gosnal
.
(
B
)
Edmund
Tye
of
Ipswich
,
Senior
,
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
being
with
his
ship
laden
with
Coals
,
riding
at
Anchor
at
Shields
with
the
Fleet
of
ships
ready
to
put
forth
to
Sea
,
his
ship
sunk
by
a
sad
disaster
to
his
undoing
,
being
most
of
it
his
own
,
and
in
the
time
of
sinking
,
procured
help
to
save
what
goods
he
could
,
for
relief
of
himself
,
and
Sea-men
,
who
had
saved
to
the
value
of
one
hundred
and
fifty
pound
,
and
sent
them
on
shoar
to
Shields
in
the
County
of
Northumberland
.
*
The
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
(
C
)
Sent
down
their
Officers
,
and
seized
of
all
his
goods
,
and
sent
them
to
Newcastle
,
and
carried
him
,
this
Deponent
,
to
their
Prison
,
and
kept
him
above
six
months
,
because
his
ship
sunk
.
The
Goods
and
Ship
were
worth
about
eleven
hundred
and
fifty
pound
,
and
would
detain
him
in
Prison
till
he
did
weigh
up
the
said
ship
,
who
had
not
wherewithall
to
relieve
himself
,
Exod.
22.
21.
Notwithstanding
they
were
certified
so
much
under
the
Bayliffs
hands
and
Town-Seal
of
Ipswich
,
and
had
continued
him
longer
,
if
he
had
not
procured
a
Habeas
Corpus
for
his
removal
to
London
.
See
Chap.
25.
(
B
)
10.
(
S
)
Stat.
3.
Edw.
1.
15.
34.
14.
Rich.
2.
9.
23.
Hen.
6.
10.
Edmund
Tye.
(
D
)
Thomas
Heislewood
of
London
,
Master
of
a
ship
,
upon
his
Oath
said
,
having
taken
in
his
ships
loading
of
Coals
in
the
River
of
Tyne
,
was
putting
forth
to
Sea
with
the
Fleet
,
but
by
a
storm
was
cast
a
shoar
neer
Tinmouth-Bar
,
and
in
great
danger
of
their
lives
which
were
on
board
of
the
the
said
ship
,
and
was
constrained
to
cast
his
Coals
into
the
Sea
,
and
thereby
got
his
ship
to
Shields
,
where
she
lay
like
a
Wreck
,
the
water
having
free
passage
in
and
out
.
(
E
)
He
this
Deponent
got
on
shoar
,
and
repaired
to
one
Collier
a
free
Carpenter
of
Newcastle
,
desiring
him
to
mend
his
ship
,
and
for
hastes
sake
,
he
would
procure
thirty
or
forty
of
his
Neighbors
,
Masters
of
Ships
Carpenters
to
help
him
,
but
the
said
Free
Carpenter
replied
,
that
he
had
taken
an
*
Oath
in
Newcastle
with
their
Company
,
neither
to
work
with
any
Unfree
Carpenter
,
nor
to
set
any
on
work
,
by
which
means
,
he
this
Deponent
was
constrained
to
patch
up
his
ship
with
his
single
Carpenter
,
and
adventure
to
London
to
get
her
upon
the
stock
,
where
he
,
and
his
company
were
in
great
hazard
of
their
lives
,
and
losse
of
the
ship
.
See
Chap.
10.
(
S
)
See
Stat.
19.
Hen.
7.
7.
(
2
Edw.
6.
15.
*
)
Tho.
Heislwood
.
(
F
)
Henry
Harrison
Master
,
upon
his
Oath
said
,
that
his
ship
was
laden
with
Corn
,
If
all
Masters
should
be
thus
tyed
to
buy
all
things
of
them
,
judge
of
the
consequence
.
coming
in
at
Tinmouth-Bar
,
lost
her
Rudder
or
Steerer
of
his
Ship
;
He
this
Deponent
desired
another
of
a
Free-man
of
Newcastle
,
who
would
not
furnish
him
under
forty
shillings
,
*
but
this
Deponent
got
a
good
one
of
an
Un-freeman
,
one
Thomas
Cliffe
of
Shields
Carpenter
.
See
Chap.
29.
E.
36.
(
A
)
Henry
Harrison
.
CHAP.
XXXI
.
(
A
)
MIchael
Bonner
of
Newcastle
,
Merchant
,
and
Water-Sergeant
in
Janu.
1649.
being
examined
upon
Oath
*
at
Gates-head
by
vertue
of
a
Commission
in
a
cause
depending
in
the
Exchequer
between
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
Complanants
,
and
Thomas
Cliffe
Defendant
,
said
,
That
a
ship
called
the
Adventure
of
Ipswich
which
was
sunk
in
the
year
1646.
(
Mr.
Thomas
Casen
being
Master
)
one
other
ship
called
the
Providence
of
London
(
Humphrey
Harrison
of
London
being
Master
,
)
which
sunck
in
the
year
1649.
One
other
ship
called
the
Refuge
of
Ipswich
,
sunck
in
October
1649.
(
Mr.
Edmund
Tye
being
Master
.
)
Another
ship
called
the
Henrietta
Maria
,
sunck
in
the
year
1644.
All
which
ships
were
weighed
out
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
at
the
sole
charge
of
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
Michael
Bonner
.
Some
calls
this
Deposition
Perjury
,
*
but
I
refer
it
to
the
judgement
of
the
Reader
that
reads
the
following
Deposition
,
which
proves
that
most
of
the
abovesaid
ships
lye
sunck
,
and
did
three
yeers
after
the
Deposition
.
See
Stat.
5.
Eliz.
9.
*
(
B
)
Cap.
George
.
Phillips
of
London
,
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
there
lyes
several
ships
sunck
in
the
River
of
Tyne
between
Sparhawk
and
Heborn
Steath
,
namely
the
Adventure
*
of
London
;
Humphrey
Harrison
of
Sunderland
late
master
,
sunck
in
,
or
about
the
year
1649.
One
other
ship
called
the
Refuge
of
Ipswich
sunck
in
October
1649.
at
Shields
,
(
Edmund
Tye
the
late
master
.
)
One
other
ship
called
the
Henrietta
Maria
sunck
in
the
River
,
in
,
or
about
1644.
And
one
other
in
the
South
Road
,
late
belonging
to
Mr.
Bulman
.
And
also
one
other
ship
belonging
to
a
Scotch-man
,
lyes
sunck
neer
unto
the
low
Lights
.
And
that
the
chiefe
cause
of
ships
sinking
in
that
River
is
,
by
being
compelled
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
to
sail
up
that
dangerous
River
to
cast
Ballast
upon
their
unlawful
Ballast
shoars
,
for
the
gain
of
eight
pence
for
every
Tun
so
cast
out
.
George
Phillips
,
and
Tho.
Hesilwood
proves
the
like
.
CHAP.
XXXII
.
(
A
)
GAwen
Pots
affirms
,
That
no
strangers
ship
whatever
,
though
she
be
in
never
such
great
distresse
and
sinking
,
must
be
pylotted
into
the
River
by
any
other
Sea-man
,
then
a
Freeman
of
Newcastle
:
In
the
intrim
one
is
sent
for
(
being
sixteen
miles
forward
and
backward
)
often
,
either
she
is
lost
,
or
driven
by
storm
away
.
Many
others
proved
the
like
.
(
B
)
Jeremiah
Law
,
Master
of
a
ship
,
upon
his
Oath
,
1650.
said
,
That
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
compelling
all
ships
up
the
River
to
their
Ballast-shoars
amongst
the
dangerous
Sands
▪
Shelves
,
and
sunck
ships
,
is
the
cause
of
much
harm
and
losse
of
many
ships
,
and
losse
of
many
Voyages
in
the
year
;
besides
losse
to
the
State
,
and
spoyl
of
the
River
,
it
onely
being
done
for
the
lucre
of
eight
pence
for
every
Tun
of
Ballast
to
some
private
persons
,
which
brings
them
in
many
thousands
of
pounds
in
the
year
,
and
that
there
are
many
sunck
ships
in
the
River
,
between
Sparhawk
and
Hebourn
Steath
.
See
Chap.
29.
(
C
)
Jeremiah
Low
,
Mr.
Phillips
,
Mr.
Hesilwood
,
Prove
the
like
.
(
C
)
John
Mallen
Master
of
a
ship
,
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
compelling
ships
up
the
River
to
their
Ballast-shoars
with
their
Ballast
,
was
the
cause
of
Mr.
Tye
,
and
Mr.
Worses
two
ships
running
on
the
Sands
neer
Jarrow
,
where
they
were
both
in
great
danger
of
being
lost
.
Mr.
Yaxleys
ship
in
a
condition
of
sinking
,
but
three
unfree
Carpenters
being
ready
,
saved
her
,
Mr.
John
Willy
in
the
like
condition
.
Cap.
George
Phillips
was
fourteen
dayes
in
getting
up
and
down
to
Shields
,
by
which
means
much
damage
is
done
to
their
ships
,
and
losse
of
several
Voyages
,
and
Trade
is
obstructed
.
Capt.
George
Phillips
,
Mr.
Hesilwood
,
Mr.
Cason
,
Mr.
Mors
,
Mr.
Yaxly
,
and
Mr.
Willey
,
Prove
the
like
.
(
D
)
Mr.
Keeble
,
Master
of
a
ship
,
proves
,
that
himself
,
with
many
other
Masters
of
ships
,
namely
Mr.
Wright
,
&c.
have
made
twelve
Voyages
in
the
year
when
they
cast
Ballast
at
Shields
within
these
twenty
yeers
,
and
doubts
not
but
by
Gods
blessing
to
make
as
many
again
,
if
the
ships
be
allowed
to
cast
Ballast
there
,
which
may
be
done
without
hurt
to
the
River
,
and
more
safety
to
ships
,
and
a
great
revenew
to
the
publick
.
Whereas
now
,
being
compelled
up
to
Newcastle
shoars
,
which
hath
spoyled
the
River
,
they
cannot
make
above
four
,
five
,
or
six
Voyages
in
the
year
at
most
,
which
is
many
thousand
pounds
per
annum
losse
to
the
State
in
Custome
.
Keeble
.
(
E
)
Henry
Robinson
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
being
compelled
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
up
the
River
to
their
Ballast-shoars
,
his
ship
set
upon
a
Sand
,
and
broke
her
K●elson
,
to
his
great
damage
,
and
losse
of
Voyage
.
And
that
Mr.
Cason
his
ship
,
set
upon
the
point
of
the
Bill
,
and
overset
,
which
cost
him
two
hundred
and
forty
pound
the
recovering
of
her
again
,
besides
the
losse
of
Voyage
.
Thomas
Gosnal
proves
the
like
.
CHAP.
XXXIII
.
(
A
)
THomas
Cliffe
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
in
April
1646
Arthur
Lyme
Master
of
a
ship
,
being
in
the
River
of
Tyne
,
his
ship
in
great
distresse
and
danger
of
sinking
,
obtained
the
present
help
of
three
ship
Carpenters
which
were
ready
at
hand
to
save
his
ship
from
sinking
.
And
because
they
were
not
Free-men
,
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
sent
down
several
Carpenters
belonging
to
Newcastle
,
to
force
them
from
work
,
and
carried
them
away
to
Prison
,
with
the
said
Master
for
setting
them
on
work
,
no
Tryall
at
Law
was
had
,
or
other
offence
committed
.
Tho.
Cliffe
.
CHAP.
XXXIV
.
(
A
)
Bigs
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
all
the
ground
*
on
both
sides
of
the
River
of
Tyne
to
a
full
Sea-mark
,
is
the
right
of
the
Town
of
Newcastle
,
and
belongs
onely
to
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
all
the
way
from
Sparhawk
to
Headwin
streams
.
And
that
he
knoweth
the
same
by
reason
he
hath
seen
often
the
Water-Sergeant
of
Newcastle
(
by
name
Charles
Mitford
)
Arrest
men
,
both
Masters
and
others
.
This
Deposition
was
taken
in
behalf
of
Newcastle
at
Gates-head
in
Jan.
1649.
in
the
suit
between
the
Town
and
Cliffe
,
and
remains
in
the
Exchequer
.
Bigs
.
Some
calls
this
also
Perjury
,
but
it
is
left
to
the
judgement
of
the
Reader
in
reading
the
next
Deposition
.
See
Chap.
18.
(
D.
F.
)
Stat.
5.
Eliz.
9.
*
(
B
)
William
Gibson
of
Newcastle
Merchant
,
in
Jan.
1649.
at
Gates-head
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
the
ground
on
both
sides
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
from
Sparhawk
to
Headwin
streams
from
a
low
water-mark
,
was
not
belonging
to
the
Town
,
nor
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
but
to
the
respective
Owners
in
each
County
adjoyning
on
the
River
.
And
that
he
knew
the
same
by
reason
of
former
Trials
,
and
so
adjudged
.
And
that
the
Town
had
only
the
Arresting
upon
the
water
,
but
not
upon
the
land
.
See
Chap.
20.
William
Gibson
.
(
C
)
Thomas
Horth
of
London
Merchant
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
he
had
known
the
River
of
Tyne
above
five
and
twenty
yeers
.
And
that
by
reason
of
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
compelling
all
ships
with
Ballast
,
to
sail
up
the
River
seven
miles
to
unload
their
Ballast
,
and
out
of
Keels
upon
their
own
shoars
,
by
Ballast
and
other
rubbish
falling
in
,
hath
spoyled
three
parts
of
the
River
,
*
whereas
within
this
twenty
yeers
,
twenty
ships
of
the
burden
of
two
hundred
Tuns
a
peece
,
could
have
rid
a
float
in
most
Road-steads
in
that
River
.
‖
And
now
not
above
four
or
five
at
a
low
water-mark
,
by
reason
they
have
so
little
ground
,
that
it
is
so
over
full
and
hilly
with
the
Ballast
,
that
the
Winds
and
Rains
,
every
time
doth
wash
and
blow
great
quantities
off
into
the
River
;
And
that
in
one
night
,
the
shoar
called
the
Bill-ballast
Key
,
brake
down
,
and
at
least
three
thousand
Tun
of
Ballast
,
sand
,
Gravel
,
and
stones
,
fell
down
into
the
River
,
*
and
they
never
knew
any
taken
up
,
*
neither
will
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
suffer
the
Owners
of
grounds
adjoyning
to
the
River
to
a
low
water
mark
,
to
build
any
Wharfs
,
Keyes
,
or
Ballast-shoars
,
though
more
convenient
then
any
are
,
and
would
serve
for
many
years
without
any
prejudice
to
the
River
,
to
unlade
all
Ballast
at
;
neither
will
they
the
said
Owners
,
sell
their
grounds
to
the
said
Magistrates
to
be
inslaved
,
by
which
means
the
River
is
spoyled
.
See
Stat.
34.
Hen.
8
,
9.
*
30.
Ed.
1.
‖
See
Chap.
12.
(6)
14.
)
B.
)
Thomas
Horth
,
George
Philips
,
and
Tho.
Hasilwood
,
proves
the
like
.
CHAP.
XXXV
.
(
A
)
GEorge
Philips
Captain
,
Master
of
a
ship
of
London
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
is
the
cause
of
hindring
a
Trade
for
Coals
,
Salt
,
&c.
the
greatest
part
of
the
Winter
season
,
to
the
great
impoverishing
of
the
two
Counties
,
Northumberland
and
Durbam
,
out
of
which
all
Coals
,
Salt
,
&c.
comes
(
none
being
to
be
had
,
nor
ever
was
in
Newcastle
)
by
reason
the
foresaid
Mayor
and
Burgesses
having
the
pre-emption
,
and
will
not
let
the
right
Inheritors
sell
their
own
Coals
to
any
Ships
;
(
B
)
Nor
suffer
any
of
the
Owners
to
build
Ballast-shoars
upon
their
own
land
,
except
they
wil
sel
it
them
.
Many
of
which
places
neer
unto
the
Shields
,
is
far
more
convenient
then
any
of
those
unlawful
shoars
belonging
to
themselves
,
at
,
or
neer
Newcastle
in
the
highest
part
of
the
River
,
which
hath
so
much
spoyled
the
said
River
,
especially
a
place
called
the
Pace-sand
,
that
it
is
the
spoyl
of
many
ships
in
sayling
up
and
down
to
cast
out
Ballast
,
and
to
take
in
Coals
.
(
C
)
That
it
must
be
a
good
neap
Tyde
,
that
there
is
above
ten
foot
and
a
half
at
high
water
.
And
most
ships
draw
twelve
foot
.
Also
where
there
hath
lately
been
ten
foot
at
low
water
in
a
place
called
the
Bill
,
there
is
not
now
above
eight
foot
,
occasioned
by
the
Sand
and
Ballast
falling
off
the
Towns
Ballast-shoars
.
(
D
)
And
that
the
River
in
the
Winter
is
often
frozen
,
below
the
Towns
Ballast-shoars
,
at
the
Bill
(
but
never
lower
)
That
no
ships
can
get
up
to
unlade
their
Ballast
,
and
take
in
Coals
,
Salt
,
&c.
All
Salt
being
made
at
Shields
,
where
the
River
is
never
frozen
,
but
all
ships
restrained
from
casting
Ballast
there
,
though
there
be
more
convenient
places
,
and
would
serve
all
ships
to
cast
their
Ballast
for
above
fourscore
years
without
any
hurt
to
the
River
or
shipping
.
(
F
)
And
cause
them
to
make
more
Voyages
in
the
year
.
John
Mors
,
Walter
Keeble
,
James
Shrive
,
Thomas
Hesilwood
,
Rob.
Swallow
,
Geo.
Hill
,
John
Keeble
,
Henry
Harrison
.
And
many
other
Masters
of
Ships
,
proves
the
like
.
(
B
)
Thomas
Hosilwood
of
London
,
master
of
a
ship
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
all
the
Ballast-shoars
above
the
Bill-reach
,
have
been
the
spoyl
and
ruine
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
and
doth
beleeve
that
if
no
care
be
taken
speedily
therein
,
there
will
be
no
Navigable
River
,
to
the
utter
impoverishing
of
those
Counties
.
And
a
great
prejudice
of
the
whole
Nation
,
the
greatest
part
of
Navigation
in
that
River
being
spoyled
,
as
appears
in
most
Road-steads
in
the
said
River
of
Tyne
,
what
with
the
ballast
falling
in
,
and
ships
sunck
,
that
when
as
within
these
twenty
years
,
twenty
ships
of
the
burden
of
two
hundred
Tuns
could
have
rid
afloat
at
low
water
.
At
St.
Lawrence
Road-stead
,
now
not
above
three
ships
of
the
same
burthen
;
At
the
Hands
and
Dents
hole
Road-steeds
,
where
twenty
ships
of
the
same
burthen
,
now
not
above
eight
can
ride
afloat
.
At
St.
Anthonies
,
where
twenty
of
the
same
burthen
,
now
,
not
above
three
can
ride
afloat
.
At
the
Bill
Road-stead
,
where
twenty
of
the
same
burthen
might
have
rid
,
now
not
above
six
.
At
the
North
Road-stead
,
where
twenty
ships
of
the
same
burthen
could
have
rid
a
float
,
now
not
above
four
.
And
at
the
South
Road-stead
where
twelve
ships
of
the
same
burthen
could
have
rid
a
float
at
low
water
,
now
not
above
three
can
ride
.
(
B
)
And
that
within
these
few
years
when
ships
did
cast
ballast
at
Shields
without
the
molestation
of
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
ships
made
ten
or
twelve
Voyages
in
the
yeer
,
whereas
now
,
they
can
make
but
four
or
five
Voyages
.
See
Stat.
34.
Hen.
8
,
9.
23.
Hen.
8.
5.
Tho.
Hasilwood
,
Rob.
Yaxley
,
Geo.
Philips
,
Walter
Keeble
and
Hen.
Harrison
,
with
many
more
Masters
of
ships
,
prove
the
like
.
CHAP.
XXXVI
.
A
John
Hall
.
B
Ann
Wallice
.
C
Thomas
Rutter
,
D
Ann
Cliff
.
E
Free
Carpenter
.
F
Cliffs
man
.
(
A
)
HEnry
Harrison
Master
of
a
ship
upon
his
Oath
said
,
that
in
April
1646.
a
ship
sailing
into
Tinmouth
Haven
,
by
storm
was
cast
upon
the
rock
near
Tinmouth
Castle
.
The
Master
got
a
shoar
with
all
expedition
,
and
obtained
the
present
help
of
an
antient
Ship-Carpenter
,
by
name
Thomas
Cliff
of
North-Shields
with
three
of
his
men
to
save
the
said
ship
from
perishing
,
which
ship
had
been
quite
lost
,
if
the
said
Master
should
have
run
to
Newcastle
to
have
agreed
with
the
free
Carpenters
,
whose
excessive
Rates
*
and
demands
,
often
surmounts
the
value
of
the
ship
in
distress
;
and
their
tediousness
in
coming
and
going
that
distance
,
that
often
the
ships
in
distress
are
quite
lost
.
(
B
)
The
said
Cliff
and
his
men
saved
the
ship
and
got
her
off
,
and
brought
her
to
the
lower
end
of
the
North
Shields
,
and
laid
her
upon
the
Sands
to
mend
her
.
Where
the
three
Carpenters
were
at
work
.
And
Ann
the
wife
of
Thomas
Cliff
,
and
Ann
Wallice
his
Daughter
standing
(
to
see
their
Servants
work
)
near
unto
the
ship
.
(
C
)
The
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
sent
Thomas
Rutter
and
John
Hall
,
two
Sergeants
,
with
Thomas
Otway
,
Richard
Tederick
and
other
free
Carpenters
of
Newcastle
to
Sheilds
,
to
seize
upon
all
the
aforesaid
Work-men
for
daring
to
save
any
ship
from
sinking
in
that
River
,
with
command
to
carry
them
to
prison
.
(
D
)
The
two
women
seeing
their
Servants
trailing
away
,
railed
against
their
evil
practices
,
for
which
Thomas
Rutter
with
a
club
,
by
several
blows
upon
Ann
Cliffs
body
and
head
knockt
her
down
to
the
ground
;
the
other
Sergeant
John
Hall
,
by
several
blows
with
a
Rule
or
Trunchion
broke
Ann
Wallice
her
arme
,
and
then
perceiving
Souldiers
coming
from
Tynmouth
Castle
,
both
the
said
Sergeants
fled
to
Newcastle
,
where
they
were
protected
from
the
hand
of
Justice
.
(
E
)
The
said
Ann
Cliff
was
taken
up
,
carried
home
,
got
to
bed
,
and
in
few
weeks
dyed
*
thereon
.
For
which
the
said
Rutter
was
indited
,
and
found
by
the
Jury
guilty
,
yet
did
not
suffer
.
The
said
woman
required
her
friends
,
as
they
would
answer
it
at
the
last
day
,
they
should
require
her
blood
at
the
hands
of
Rutter
,
he
being
her
death
.
The
poor
men
kept
in
prison
*
,
and
Cliff
kept
in
suit
at
Law
for
his
working
by
Newcastle
,
and
his
men
,
and
they
forced
to
give
Bond
never
to
work
again
.
See
Chap.
25.
(
B
)
29
(
E
)
30.
(
F
)
1
Edw.
6.
12.
*
.
Henry
Harrison
,
Thomas
Cliff
,
and
Elianor
Lounsdale
,
all
prove
the
like
.
CHAP.
XXXVII
.
(
A
)
THomas
Salkield
Gent.
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
he
being
at
Shields
in
the
County
of
Northumberland
,
upon
the
Two
and
twentieth
day
of
May
,
1653.
saw
a
great
number
of
men
belonging
to
Newcastle
,
with
Swords
drawn
,
and
Pistols
cockt
,
who
invironed
a
Gentleman
,
who
was
peaceably
in
his
house
,
and
shot
at
some
of
the
said
Gentlemans
servants
,
and
beat
his
Wife
,
and
much
blood
was
spilt
,
they
pretending
they
came
by
Warrant
,
and
produced
a
Warrant
from
the
Mayor
,
Mr.
William
Dawson
,
Mr.
John
Butler
Sheriff
of
Newcastle
,
to
take
him
and
carry
him
away
to
prison
under
pretence
of
debt
;
but
the
Sea-men
got
ashoar
,
sell
upon
the
said
Newcastle-men
,
wounded
and
disarmed
them
,
and
relieved
the
said
Gentleman
.
See
Stat.
2
Edw.
3.
3.
4.
Ric.
2.
37.
Hen.
6.
Tho.
Salkield
,
Lettice
Hume
,
Mary
Hume
,
and
many
others
,
prove
the
same
.
(
B
)
Thomas
Salkeild
,
Gent.
upon
his
oath
said
,
he
knew
a
Gentleman
cast
into
Newcastle
Prison
upon
a
bare
Arrest
in
August
1652.
And
laid
actions
upwards
of
Nine
hundred
pounds
,
where
Twenty
pound
could
not
bee
recovered
.
And
kept
him
lockt
up
in
a
prison
from
all
comforts
in
a
Tower
above
36
foot
high
,
being
forced
to
evacuate
in
the
same
Room
he
lay
,
and
eat
his
meat
,
by
reason
he
was
locked
from
the
house
of
casement
.
(
C
)
He
offered
good
Bayl
,
Free-men
of
Newcastle
,
who
were
accepted
and
entered
in
the
book
,
and
two
daies
after
raced
out
again
,
and
he
still
kept
there
.
He
desired
to
be
admitted
to
defend
his
own
Cause
in
their
Court
,
but
they
refused
it
.
(
D
)
Desired
to
go
with
a
Keeper
to
Counsel
,
which
was
also
denied
:
His
Friends
and
Servants
often
not
admitted
to
come
to
him
.
(
E
)
Proffered
good
Bond
to
be
a
true
Prisoner
,
to
the
end
he
might
have
the
benefit
of
the
fresh
Aire
,
for
preservation
of
his
health
,
but
at
the
Goalers
house
,
which
the
Sheriff
granted
at
the
first
,
but
presently
after
refused
,
saying
,
that
the
Mayor
,
Aldermen
,
and
himself
had
a
meeting
,
and
resolved
he
should
have
no
liberty
,
being
an
enemy
against
their
Privileges
.
(
G
)
The
said
Gentleman
offered
them
that
what
any
could
recover
against
him
by
Law
,
they
should
have
it
without
Law
.
(
H
)
Constrained
to
drink
the
Goalors
Beer
,
not
fit
for
mens
bodies
.
(
I
)
No
Tryall
ever
against
him
;
They
disobeyed
two
or
three
Habeas
Corpusses
,
which
the
Sheriff
received
,
and
his
Fee
,
and
was
proffered
to
have
their
charges
born
,
but
never
returned
them
.
(
K
)
Refused
substantial
Bond
to
appear
at
London
before
the
Judges
,
And
after
five
months
imprisonment
,
he
brake
prison
in
February
following
.
(
L
)
And
he
further
affirms
,
That
upon
the
third
of
February
1652.
one
John
Cuthberison
being
imprisoned
upon
an
action
of
5
l.
debt
,
but
no
tryal
ever
had
against
him
for
the
same
,
was
upon
this
Gentlemans
getting
away
,
cast
into
the
Dungeon
by
the
Command
of
the
Magistrates
of
Newcastle
,
where
they
laid
setters
of
iron
upon
him
,
to
force
a
confession
from
him
whether
he
did
not
help
the
said
Gentleman
out
;
where
he
lay
upon
the
cold
earth
,
without
either
Bed
,
Straw
,
or
any
other
thing
to
keep
him
warm
,
or
firing
;
And
fed
him
onely
with
bread
and
water
,
and
fused
comfort
able
subsistance
to
be
brought
unto
him
.
(
M
)
The
poor
man
being
not
worth
,
in
the
whole
world
,
forty
shillings
,
and
two
children
a
begging
,
and
himself
kept
in
prison
after
this
impression
,
begging
for
food
.
(
N
)
And
that
he
was
certainly
informed
,
that
some
of
the
Officers
of
Newcastle
had
counterfeited
a
Letter
,
and
set
the
Gentlemans
name
to
it
,
and
read
it
to
the
said
Prisoner
,
thereby
perswading
him
to
confess
he
helped
him
out
of
prison
.
See
Stat.
23.
Hen.
6.
10.
1
Edw.
1.
15.
See
chap.
41.
Thomas
Salkeild
.
Hornes
Mirror
saith
,
It
is
an
abuse
that
prisoners
be
charged
with
irons
before
they
be
attainted
,
Cap.
8.
Sect.
1.
2
Edw.
3.
10.
1
Edw.
3.
10.
Bracton
saith
,
To
lay
a
man
in
chains
is
against
the
Law
,
for
a
prison
is
to
keep
,
not
to
punish
.
And
it
is
commanded
by
the
Law
,
that
neither
Felon
nor
Trespassor
be
punished
nor
tormented
in
prison
,
fo.
11.
17.
Fleta
saith
,
It
is
lawful
for
Sheriffs
to
keep
prisoners
in
prison
,
but
not
to
punish
them
,
but
keep
them
.
&c.
33
Hen.
1.
P.
Inst
.
54.
See
chap.
41.
(
A
)
CHAP.
XXXVIII
.
(
A
)
RAlph
Tayler
publick
Notary
and
Steward
to
the
Carpenters
of
Newcastle
,
upon
his
Oath
at
Gateshead
in
January
1649.
said
,
That
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
did
sue
*
,
imprison
*
,
and
fine
*
Robert
Johnson
,
Alexander
Hearon
,
and
William
Portice
of
the
Town
of
Gateshead
,
John
Hubbert
of
South-Shields
,
and
John
Readhead
,
only
for
working
upon
ships
in
the
River
of
Tyne
,
being
Carpenters
,
and
made
them
to
pay
their
fines
,
imposed
upon
them
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
.
See
Stat.
2.
Edw.
3.
6.
28.
Edw.
3.
3
*
.
9.
Hen.
3.
29
*
.
43.
Eliz.
2
*
.
Ralph
Tayler
,
and
Mich.
Bonner
prove
the
like
.
(
B
)
Michael
Bonner
Merchant
and
Water-Sergeant
of
Newcastle
,
at
the
same
time
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
arrested
and
imprisoned
,
and
set
a
fine
upon
one
John
Hardcastle
a
Carpenter
,
for
working
upon
a
ship
in
the
River
of
Tyne
,
he
not
being
a
Freeman
of
that
Corporation
,
and
made
him
enter
into
a
Bond
of
100
l.
in
May
1648.
never
to
work
upon
his
Trade
again
,
and
made
him
pay
his
fine
.
Michael
Bonner
.
(
C
)
John
Hall
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
did
arrest
,
Imprison
,
fined
,
sued
,
and
forced
Bonds
from
one
Richard
Tayler
,
Henry
Atcheson
,
and
Robert
Lambert
,
Smiths
,
whose
Wives
and
Families
inhabits
at
North-Sheilds
in
the
County
of
Northumberland
,
and
Thomas
Brocket
,
of
Gateshead
in
the
County
of
Durham
,
Smith
,
for
no
other
offence
than
for
working
upon
their
lawfull
Trades
where
they
dwell
;
Tayler
and
Brocket
stood
out
suit
;
Atcheson
entered
into
Bond
,
never
to
work
upon
his
Trade
to
the
ships
on
the
River
,
and
Lambert
kept
in
prison
till
almost
starved
*
,
his
Wife
and
six
smal
Children
begging
for
food
.
See
Stat.
9.
Hen.
3
:
29
*
.
43
Eliz.
2.
John
Hall
.
(
D
)
Ralph
Bowes
of
Newcastle
late
Burgess
,
but
disfranchized
,
upon
his
Oath
said
,
In
January
.
1649.
that
formerly
he
had
seen
an
antient
Writing
belonging
to
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
purporting
that
it
was
unlawful
for
any
Tradesmen
to
work
or
live
in
any
port
adjoyning
to
the
River
of
Tyne
,
but
onely
at
the
Town
aforesaid
,
and
that
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
have
had
the
punishing
of
all
such
as
did
work
.
As
also
the
correction
thereof
in
that
Port
,
&c.
Ralph
Bowes
.
It
is
pitty
this
Gentleman
is
not
restored
to
his
freedom
again
for
this
his
great
discovery
.
Surely
this
said
writing
was
made
by
the
Corporation
themselves
,
it
was
so
conscienciously
drawn
,
it
having
so
little
regard
to
the
Weal
of
the
publick
.
CHAP.
XXXIX
.
D.
The
Mayor
and
Witnesses
.
C.
The
Master
Swearing
.
A.
The
Master
cutting
a
Purse
.
B.
The
Clarks
telling
the
mony
.
To
swear
against
themselves
.
To
be
Imprisoned
.
To
cut
a
Purse
.
To
pay
a
Fine
.
Are
four
punishments
for
one
offence
.
(
A
)
THomas
Hasilwood
of
London
Master
of
a
ship
upon
his
Oath
said
,
that
all
Masters
of
ships
,
which
sayleth
into
to
the
River
of
Tyne
for
Coals
,
Salt
,
&c.
The
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
compels
them
to
*
swear
against
themselves
,
whether
they
did
not
cast
ballast
at
Sea
between
Sowter
and
Hartly
,
or
within
fourteen
fathom
water
,
to
the
hurt
of
the
said
River
of
Tyne
.
And
when
the
said
Master
hath
sworn
the
truth
,
that
he
did
not
,
then
a
poor
drunken
Fisher-man
,
or
other
,
is
called
into
the
Town-Chamber
,
and
maketh
Oath
that
the
Master
did
cast
ballast
,
when
in
truth
he
did
not
,
he
having
part
of
the
Fine
for
the
same
.
(
B
)
Then
the
Masters
Oath
is
invalid
and
laid
aside
,
*
and
forthwith
is
commanded
to
pay
a
Fine
of
five
pounds
,
or
else
to
cut
a
purse
,
which
hangs
up
in
the
Town-Chamber
,
with
sand
and
money
in
it
,
and
so
much
as
is
therein
,
he
must
pay
,
or
is
sent
to
prison
,
and
there
to
lye
till
he
doth
pay
it
.
See
Ch.
14.
(
F
)
*
12.
5.
17.
K.
Charles
(
19.
Hen.
7.
7.
)
Tho.
Hasilwood
,
John
Lockwood
,
and
Sam.
James
Masters
of
ships
,
proves
the
like
.
Read
these
Statutes
.
(
C
)
Thomas
Bradford
of
Lyn
affirms
,
that
in
,
or
about
the
year
1652.
The
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
compelled
one
Richard
Nes●ing
Master
of
a
ship
to
cut
a
Purse
*
hanging
up
in
the
Town
Chamber
with
monies
in
it
,
and
paid
money
for
so
doing
.
See
Chap.
12.
(5)
Stat.
8.
Eliz.
4.
*
Tho.
Bradford
.
(
D
)
In
Spain
if
any
person
do
inform
against
another
,
let
the
suggestion
be
what
it
will
,
and
the
Information
never
so
false
,
the
party
informed
against
,
is
sent
to
prison
,
and
there
kept
till
he
do
confess
that
it
is
truth
,
and
thereupon
is
lead
to
the
Stake
and
executed
.
(
E
)
The
Heathen
Kings
,
when
they
condemn
a
person
to
dye
for
any
offence
,
first
sends
him
a
pair
of
Scales
,
and
a
weight
.
If
the
Malefactor
sends
him
so
much
gold
as
the
weight
weigheth
,
is
saved
,
otherwise
not
.
(
F
)
The
Star-chamber
practice
was
to
put
a
man
to
his
Oath
to
betray
himself
,
and
confesse
as
much
as
he
pleased
,
and
then
other
witnesses
were
brought
in
against
him
,
as
that
of
the
Lord
Bucan
,
and
the
Warden
of
the
Fleet
upon
a
complaint
made
against
the
Warden
in
the
Star-chamber
,
&c.
Stat.
17.
Charol
.
CHAP.
XL.
(
A
)
IOhn
Harrison
of
London
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
all
Masters
of
ships
belonging
to
the
Coal
Trade
at
Newcastle
,
are
compelled
to
swear
how
many
Coals
and
Chaldrons
they
have
aboard
their
ships
at
Newcastle
when
they
are
loaden
,
which
is
impossible
to
swear
,
by
reason
they
buy
their
Coals
by
weight
;
and
often
the
Masters
occasions
draws
them
aside
,
so
are
not
then
aboard
when
the
Coals
are
shipped
,
but
trusts
to
his
,
or
their
Mates
.
And
often
the
Coal-boat
hath
much
water
which
weighs
heavy
.
Also
great
store
of
Slates
,
and
other
rubbish
:
And
often
the
ships
are
loaden
in
the
night
,
so
that
this
Oath
is
a
great
vexation
to
their
spirits
,
and
disquieting
thereof
,
and
conceives
that
never
a
time
a
Master
swears
but
he
is
perjured
,
and
often
deceived
by
the
Keels-men
in
the
Nayles
.
Cap.
James
Greenway
,
proves
the
like
.
(
B
)
The
Oath
,
Ex
Officio
.
No
man
is
bound
by
the
Law
of
God
,
or
Laws
of
the
Land
of
England
to
betray
himself
,
In
criminalibus
,
licet
in
contractibus
,
not
in
criminal
offences
,
but
in
contracts
and
bargains
,
it
may
be
whether
he
did
make
the
contract
or
bargain
in
question
,
but
never
used
to
a
Malefactor
,
for
if
Witnesses
do
not
come
in
against
him
,
he
is
cleared
by
Law
,
and
not
put
to
his
Oath
to
accuse
himself
.
(
C
)
Many
are
constrained
to
take
an
Oath
,
De
rebus
Ignotis
,
to
answer
to
they
know
not
to
what
,
but
Gods
Command
is
,
Swear
not
at
all
.
(
D
)
Query
,
whether
it
be
lawful
for
one
to
swear
being
forced
?
(
E
)
The
answer
,
Magistrates
may
impose
an
Oath
,
with
these
three
limitations
;
First
,
If
the
thing
be
weighty
.
Secondly
,
If
otherwise
it
cannot
be
known
.
Thirdly
,
If
it
be
not
a
snare
to
catch
a
mans
self
,
or
trick
to
make
him
accuse
himself
.
Secondly
,
Magistrates
should
be
very
wary
how
they
inforce
or
constrain
men
to
swear
,
because
they
often
thereby
add
fuel
unto
the
fire
of
Gods
wrath
,
by
making
men
forswear
themselves
;
And
therefore
it
were
better
to
loose
the
thing
in
question
,
than
hazzard
the
loss
of
a
brothers
soul
,
by
making
him
perjure
himself
.
Paul
would
rather
chuse
never
to
eat
flesh
,
than
to
offend
his
weak
brother
.
(
G
)
If
yee
believe
him
when
he
swears
,
why
not
upon
a
solemn
protestation
?
It
should
be
considered
,
whether
such
as
is
to
be
put
to
his
oath
,
fears
God
;
then
he
dares
no
more
lye
than
forswear
himself
:
And
if
he
fear
not
God
,
how
will
he
fear
to
forswear
himself
?
(
H
)
The
practice
in
Newcastle
is
worse
,
for
notwithstanding
a
man
is
put
to
his
Oath
against
himself
,
it
will
not
stand
,
but
another
is
called
in
to
swear
point
blanck
against
what
he
had
sworn
.
CHAP.
XLI
.
(
A
)
WIlliam
Ling
Master
of
a
ship
of
Ipswich
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
Henry
Truelove
Master
of
a
ship
with
himself
,
did
cast
their
Ballast
at
Sheilds
upon
a
sufficient
shoar
,
without
any
harm
to
the
River
,
for
which
(
B
)
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
arrested
them
both
,
and
detained
them
,
till
they
did
pay
ten
pounds
fine
for
this
offence
,
as
they
called
it
.
(
C
)
He
this
Deponent
,
with
Mr.
Truelove
tendered
sufficient
Bail
,
Freemen
*
,
to
answer
the
great
Council
,
or
the
Common
Law
for
any
thing
that
they
had
done
.
This
they
could
not
deny
by
their
power
.
P.
17.
N.
7.
(
D
)
But
the
Mayor
and
Aldermen
sharply
reproved
the
Bonds-men
for
daring
to
offer
themselves
as
bail
.
And
told
to
him
this
Deponent
,
and
Mr.
Truelove
,
that
for
a
great
Council
there
was
none
:
And
for
the
Common
Law
,
that
they
had
within
themselves
,
and
needed
not
to
yeeld
to
any
other
Court
:
And
that
to
prison
they
should
go
,
and
lye
and
rot
,
till
they
had
paid
the
fine
,
P.
17.
N.
7.
And
then
cast
them
both
into
their
stinking
Common
Goal
,
where
onely
a
wall
parted
them
and
such
as
had
the
plague
,
where
they
lay
in
that
sad
and
miserable
condition
in
hazard
of
their
lives
.
(
G
)
and
was
forced
to
pay
the
said
ten
pounds
,
and
all
charges
,
besides
the
loss
of
their
Voyage
,
which
amounted
to
above
80
li.
to
their
owners
.
(
H
)
*
There
was
no
Tryal
at
Law
,
nor
any
other
offence
committed
,
but
they
could
get
no
right
,
by
reason
they
were
to
have
the
fines
,
and
being
Judges
,
Jurors
and
Witnesses
in
their
own
Court
,
and
for
their
own
benefits
.
See
Stat.
11.
R.
29
(
A
)
See
ch.
18.
(
C
)
23.
Hen.
6.
10.
See
ch.
37.
(
D
)
28.
Edw.
3.
3.
(
F
)
1.
Rich.
2.
13.
99.
(
G
)
1.
Ed.
3.
15.
(
C
)
William
Ling
,
and
Henry
Truelove
,
swears
the
like
.
(
B
)
Joseph
Priestly
,
with
John
Walker
the
Minister
of
Jarrow
,
and
twelve
more
upon
a
Tryal
at
Durham
Assizes
,
between
the
Dean
and
Chapters
Plaintiffs
,
against
Thomas
Talbot
,
and
Richard
Allen
,
Gent.
concerning
the
right
of
Jarrow
*
Slike
,
which
by
verdict
was
given
to
the
Defendants
,
upon
their
Oathes
said
,
That
they
knew
Jarrow
Slike
by
estimation
Three
hundred
Acres
,
where
a
wall
was
building
to
have
it
a
Ballast-shoar
for
the
good
of
Ships
and
River
,
22
Feb.
1638.
By
Ling
,
and
Truelove
.
And
that
the
Ballast
which
was
cast
thereon
,
was
cast
without
any
prejudice
to
the
River
,
and
there
lay
safe
and
sad
,
and
that
neither
the
wind
could
ever
blow
it
off
,
nor
the
rain
,
nor
waves
could
wash
it
into
the
River
.
See
chap.
34.
(
A.
D.
)
*
Joseph
Priestly
,
John
Walker
.
How
long
will
yee
give
wrong
Judgement
,
to
accept
the
persons
of
the
ungodly
?
Psa.
82.
2.
CHAP.
XLII
.
(
A
)
CAptain
Robert
Wyard
of
London
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
he
with
his
ship
being
in
the
River
of
Tyne
at
Newcastle
,
in
Novemb.
1649.
where
one
of
his
ships
company
(
it
seems
)
did
cast
two
or
three
straw
Mats
out
of
one
of
his
ships
Port-holes
,
yet
to
this
Deponents
unknowledge
,
which
could
do
no
harm
to
the
River
,
by
reason
of
its
swiming
to
Sea
[
](A42371-e20360-b)*
*
It
could
do
no
harm
to
the
River
,
other
than
endanger
the
choaking
of
the
fish
.
,
but
one
Edward
Green
,
and
one
Wilkinson
,
two
Free-men
of
Newcastle
,
standing
a
quarter
of
a
mile
from
the
ship
upon
the
Land
,
made
Oath
at
Newcastle
,
That
this
Deponent
cast
out
ballast
into
the
River
,
to
the
prejudice
thereof
.
(
B
)
Whereupon
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
seized
him
,
and
fined
him
twenty
pounds
[
](A42371-e20430-b)‖
‖
Yet
the
10
l.
did
not
cleanse
the
river
thereof
.
for
the
same
,
and
constrained
him
to
pay
ten
pound
of
it
,
and
ten
pound
to
Green
,
and
eight
pounds
to
Wilkinson
,
and
twenty
four
pounds
more
the
Suit
cost
him
,
being
fined
by
them
,
for
saying
they
were
forsworn
,
to
say
he
cast
ballast
into
the
River
,
when
he
neither
did
,
nor
was
out
of
his
Cabin
when
the
Mats
were
cast
in
.
[
](A42371-e20460-b)*
*
1
Tim.
6.
10.
Robert
Wyard
.
(
C
)
And
further
saith
,
That
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
were
Plaintiffs
,
Judges
,
Jurors
and
Witnesses
in
this
cause
of
their
own
fines
.
See
chap.
11.
(
E
)
Stat.
5.
Eliz.
9.
If
these
men
be
fined
so
high
for
so
small
an
offence
,
and
that
igorantly
?
what
must
those
men
that
have
offended
arrogantly
and
knowingly
a
thousand
times
more
?
Thomas
Peach
,
Master
of
the
Ann
Speedwel
of
Ipswich
,
who
by
storm
was
cast
upon
the
Rocks
near
Tinmouth
Castle
,
and
for
casting
his
ballast
over-board
to
save
his
ship
,
was
fined
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
.
Mr.
James
Talbot
,
for
his
men
sweeping
the
Bins
of
his
ship
where
there
could
not
lye
above
one
shovel
full
of
ballast
,
was
fined
five
pounds
,
and
laid
it
down
;
some
they
took
,
and
some
they
returned
to
him
again
.
CHAP.
XLIII
.
(
A
)
NIcholas
Pye
of
London
Creup
,
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
Mr.
Thomas
Partridge
of
Gateshead
Master
,
being
loaded
at
Newcastle
by
Thomas
Read
,
Fitter
,
with
bad
and
unmerchantable
Coals
,
which
he
had
sold
for
good
Coals
to
Mr.
Clark
of
London
,
and
M.
O●ridge
,
M.
Godfrey
,
M.
Harrison
,
and
others
at
the
rate
of
31
l.
the
score
,
but
proving
so
bad
,
that
he
was
threatned
to
be
sued
by
the
said
Gentlemen
that
bought
them
,
and
was
constrained
to
compound
for
the
same
,
and
lost
6
li.
in
every
score
.
And
that
he
hath
known
much
bad
Coals
,
which
the
Freemen
of
Newcastle
forceth
Masters
of
ships
to
take
,
to
the
great
loss
on
all
hands
:
Nicholas
Pye
.
Pray
look
into
the
tenth
year
of
King
James
,
what
punishment
hath
been
for
the
same
formerly
.
The
said
Thomas
Read
did
give
20
li.
as
part
of
satisfaction
to
the
said
M.
Tho.
Partridge
the
Master
,
and
in
consideration
of
his
great
wrong
,
&c.
(
B
)
Captain
Gregory
Butler
,
Captain
of
a
man
of
War
for
the
Parliament
,
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
in
April
1650.
He
this
Deponent
wanting
some
ballast
for
his
ships
use
,
being
at
Shields
,
required
a
Master
of
a
ship
of
Yarmouth
,
to
cast
his
Ballast
into
his
ship
for
the
States
use
,
which
the
said
Master
did
with
much
care
,
and
no
prejudice
to
the
River
.
(
C
)
For
which
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
refused
to
suffer
any
Coals
to
be
laid
on
board
of
his
ship
,
till
he
paid
5
li.
fine
for
this
contempt
▪
and
forced
him
to
pay
a
fine
,
and
to
pay
eight
pence
for
every
Tun
of
ballast
(
besides
)
computing
it
to
48
Tun
,
and
then
,
and
not
before
,
he
could
get
any
Coals
See
chap.
44.
Gregory
B●●ler
.
Thomas
Partridge
Master
affirms
,
that
Mr.
Alderman
Samuel
Rawling
forced
him
to
pay
for
80
Tun●
of
ballast
,
when
he
carryed
but
42
Tun.
Every
Freeman
pays
six
pence
the
Tun
,
and
un-Freeman
pays
eight
pence
,
there
is
no
warrant
to
demand
any
such
sum
.
T●omas
Partridge
.
(
D
)
Richard
Leaver
of
Ipswich
,
master
of
a
ship
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
for
his
casting
out
ballast
at
Shields
upon
a
more
convenient
shoar
than
any
was
at
Newcastle
,
and
without
any
hurt
to
the
River
,
went
to
Newcastle
to
the
Coal-Fitter
to
be
laden
,
but
could
get
none
,
by
reason
of
a
combination
of
the
Free
Hoast-men
who
had
made
a
new
Ordinance
*
amongst
themselves
in
the
Free
Hoast-mens
Court
,
that
who
should
dare
to
sell
a
Coal
to
any
such
Master
of
a
ship
,
as
did
not
cast
ballast
upon
the
Town
shoars
should
forfeit
twenty
pound
a
time
.
(
E
)
Upon
which
this
Deponent
waited
above
ten
dayes
and
could
not
get
Coals
for
money
,
but
at
last
prevailed
with
one
of
the
Fitters
of
Coals
at
Newcastle
by
promising
him
to
save
him
harmlesse
,
and
he
would
load
him
,
which
was
done
.
For
which
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
cast
the
said
Fitter
into
prison
,
where
he
lay
till
a
Fine
of
five
pound
was
paid
for
his
ransome
,
with
other
Charges
,
which
he
this
Deponent
was
forced
to
pay
,
besides
losse
of
his
Voyage
;
This
was
without
any
triall
at
Law
,
&c.
(
See
19.
Hen.
7.
7.
*
)
28.
Ed
3.
3.
Rich.
Leaver
.
CHAP.
XLIV
.
(
A
)
RIch.
Leaver
of
Ipswich
Master
of
a
ship
,
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
for
the
only
gain
and
advantage
of
some
Aldermen
and
a
few
other
private
persons
of
the
Town
of
Newcastle
,
no
Masters
of
ships
can
be
tollerated
to
cast
Ballast
in
any
part
,
but
at
their
Ballast-shoars
,
which
is
unlawful
and
very
prejudicial
to
the
River
and
Trade
.
And
must
often
pay
for
eighty
Tun
of
Ballast
*
when
indeed
there
is
but
forty
to
be
paid
for
.
(
B
)
And
do
hinder
all
Coals
from
being
sold
to
any
ship
which
do
cast
Ballast
at
Shields
upon
as
sufficient
Shoars
,
and
better
than
the
other
,
both
for
the
good
of
the
River
,
and
lesse
hurt
to
ships
,
and
more
Voyages
made
in
the
year
.
(
C
)
Also
that
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
do
prohibit
all
the
Coal-Owners
in
both
Counties
of
Northumberland
and
Durham
for
selling
their
own
Coals
,
it
tending
to
the
said
Owners
utter
undoing
,
and
the
cause
of
many
Voyages
lost
in
the
year
,
to
the
great
prejudice
of
the
poor
,
and
much
losse
to
the
State
.
(
D
)
And
that
there
is
more
convenient
places
to
build
Ballast-shoars
,
which
will
last
for
hundreds
of
years
without
hurt
to
the
River
,
at
,
and
neer
Shields
,
then
where
they
are
at
present
.
See
Chap.
43.
See
the
following
Deposition
.
Richard
Leaver
.
Cap.
Butler
,
Samuel
James
,
Cap.
Philips
,
and
Jeremiah
Low
,
proves
the
like
.
(
E
)
Thomas
Cartwright
of
Lyn
Merchant
,
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
by
reason
all
Coals
are
ingrossed
and
sold
by
the
Free-men
,
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
onely
,
tends
to
the
great
impoverishment
of
the
Coal-owners
of
the
two
Counties
,
where
all
the
Coals
are
.
(
F
)
Also
that
it
is
the
cause
of
the
high
and
excessive
Rates
of
Coals
at
London
and
Sea-coasts
,
and
losse
to
the
Masters
several
Voyages
in
the
year
.
(
G
)
And
to
the
State
likewise
in
customes
of
the
three
shillings
per
Chalder
.
(
H
)
And
that
he
hath
known
many
ships
denied
to
be
laden
with
Coals
,
only
for
casting
ballast
at
Shields
to
their
extraordinary
losse
,
which
is
the
cause
of
Coals
being
sold
the
dearer
,
they
staying
so
long
for
them
.
(
I
)
And
that
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
being
the
sole
cause
hereof
,
and
likewise
engrosse
all
provisions
coming
in
by
Sea
;
and
sets
their
own
Rates
thereon
,
and
takes
excessive
*
Towl
,
one
peck
of
every
grain
of
Corn.
See
Stat.
22.
Hen.
8.
8.
*
.
See
Chap.
44.
(
C
)
(
A.
)
Tho.
Cartwright
,
Mr.
Symonds
,
and
Wil.
Reavely
proves
the
like
.
1
The
pre-emption
of
Tyn
,
Soap
,
Salt
,
Cards
,
&c.
was
adjudged
grievous
,
and
why
not
Coals
,
which
is
of
as
great
use
,
nay
more
,
as
appears
by
Ordinance
of
Parliament
,
1640.
(
A
)
also
they
were
damned
by
the
judgement
of
the
sage
Judges
in
Sergeants-Inn
upon
a
Conference
then
had
before
that
Parliament
began
,
as
being
repugnant
to
the
Law
.
2
And
why
a
Monopoly
of
Coals
more
upon
the
Owners
,
then
on
any
thing
else
in
England
?
And
more
of
them
to
be
inslaved
then
any
other
people
of
England
?
I
appeal
to
God
,
the
whole
world
,
as
also
to
the
Coal-Engrossers
themselves
whether
it
be
just
?
&c.
CHAP.
XLV
.
(
A
)
DEcember
1653.
A
Charge
was
exhibited
to
the
Committee
for
Inspections
,
and
advance
of
Customes
against
Mr.
George
Dawson
Collector
of
the
Customes
of
Newcastle
,
the
Contents
being
as
follows
,
viz.
(
B
)
That
the
State
hath
been
,
and
is
much
wronged
in
their
Customes
in
that
Port
,
by
reason
some
of
the
said
Customers
,
are
Traders
,
Merchants
,
&c.
And
many
ships
vexatiously
troubled
without
just
cause
,
onely
by
reason
they
buy
not
their
Coals
from
them
,
and
ordinarily
give
Coals
for
reparation
Custome-free
.
As
also
a
second
charge
exhibited
to
the
Commissioners
of
Customes
,
not
doubting
but
to
receive
Justice
at
either
place
,
here
follows
the
Deposition
,
viz.
(
C
)
Jonas
Cudworth
of
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
Draper
,
upon
his
Oath
*
in
December
last
,
said
,
That
Mr.
George
Dawson
of
Newcastle
,
Collector
of
the
Customes
in
the
same
Port
,
did
exercise
the
Trade
of
a
Free-Host-man
[
](A42371-e21650-b)*
*
Coal-Ingrossers
.
in
the
year
1651.
and
imployed
for
his
Fitter
one
Tho.
Read
,
who
loaded
several
vessels
with
Coals
,
and
cleared
them
in
the
name
of
the
said
Mr.
Dawson
.
(
D
)
And
in
the
year
aforesaid
,
one
John
Grip
master
of
a
Hoy
belonging
to
Hamborough
,
was
laden
with
Coals
by
the
said
Thomas
Read
;
and
information
being
by
this
Deponent
to
the
Survey
or
of
the
said
Port
,
by
name
Mr.
Meriton
,
that
the
said
Grip
had
shipped
a
great
quantity
of
Coals
more
then
he
had
cleared
for
,
and
paid
the
duty
of
Customes
.
The
said
Mr.
Meriton
had
acquainted
the
said
George
Dawson
herewith
.
After
which
notwithstanding
,
information
was
made
,
and
seizure
also
should
have
been
made
.
He
the
said
George
Dawson
did
admit
of
a
Post
entry
of
a
small
quantity
of
the
said
Coals
,
and
after
Cocket
granted
,
and
did
not
unload
the
said
Vessel
to
discover
the
fraud
&
seize
the
same
.
(
E
)
This
Deponent
further
said
,
That
about
the
same
time
,
the
said
George
Dawson
did
unload
another
Vessel
belonging
to
Peter
Hofman
of
Dantzick
to
his
great
damage
before
any
Cocket
granted
;
and
refused
to
let
any
Entry
be
made
,
though
offered
before
full
loading
.
And
for
reparation
thereof
,
he
gave
to
the
said
Master
four
Chalder
of
Coals
custome
free
.
And
the
said
Master
,
George
Dawson
,
had
,
and
hath
parts
of
ships
,
*
and
Trades
over
Sea
with
Coals
.
(
See
Stat.
3.
Hen.
7
7.
*
)
14.
Rich.
2.
10.
Jonas
Cudworth
.
(
F
)
These
are
humbly
,
to
certifie
,
That
David
Lindiman
Master
of
a
Ship
called
the
Fortune
of
Statin
,
did
load
his
ship
with
Coals
in
the
said
Port
of
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
,
and
cleared
in
the
Custome-house
for
threescore
and
twelve
Chalder
of
Coals
.
And
that
Jonas
Cudworth
of
this
Town
came
and
told
me
,
That
the
State
was
wronged
of
Custome
for
forty
Chaldron
of
Coals
in
that
ship
,
and
gave
the
names
of
the
Masters
of
Keels
or
Boats
that
laid
the
Coals
aboard
,
and
requested
they
might
be
sworn
,
which
was
done
,
and
the
Information
found
true
.
The
said
Mr.
Lindiman
did
pay
for
forty
Chalder
of
Coals
,
more
then
he
had
entred
for
in
the
Custome-house
,
which
Custome
amounted
to
fifty
and
odde
pounds
.
All
which
I
humbly
conceive
the
State
had
been
defrauded
*
of
,
if
the
said
Jonas
Cudworth
had
not
informed
thereof
.
See
Stat.
11.
Hen.
6.
15.
Tho.
Meriton
Surveyor
.
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
23.
of
March
.
1643.
It
is
the
old
Proverb
,
Foul
Birds
bewrayes
their
own
Nest
.
If
one
ship
could
cheat
the
State
so
much
as
fifty
odd
pounds
Custome
,
What
do
hundreds
of
ships
do
?
See
chap.
46.
(
B.
)
CHAP.
XLVI
.
(
A
)
GEorge
Philips
of
London
Master
and
Captain
of
a
ship
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
for
his
casting
Ballast
at
Shields
upon
as
sufficient
Ballast-shoars
as
any
can
be
,
could
not
obtain
his
loading
of
Coals
,
for
doing
thereof
,
being
denied
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
and
lay
five
weeks
for
the
same
,
and
at
last
obtained
favor
from
one
Major
Tolburst
,
and
Mr.
Readnal
,
to
furnish
him
with
Keels
or
Lighters
,
to
fetch
such
Coals
as
he
could
procure
.
And
when
he
had
loaded
his
ship
,
Mr.
George
Dawson
Collector
of
the
Custome-house
,
and
*
Officer
of
the
Corporation
of
Newcastle
,
sometimes
Mayor
,
Alderman
,
Justice
of
Peace
,
and
Merchant
,
and
Mr.
George
Blackstone
Cheque
of
the
Custome-house
,
issued
out
a
Warrant
under
the
Town-Seal
and
Custome-house-Seal
,
to
seize
his
Ship
and
Coals
upon
the
19.
of
April
1651.
which
Warrant
is
extant
amongst
the
Records
at
White-hall
.
See
Stat.
3.
Hen.
7.
7.
*
11.
Hen.
6.
15.
George
Philips
.
(
B
)
Coales
the
Chalder
at
Newcastle
,
doth
cost
the
Masters
of
ships
ten
shillings
the
Chalder
Newcastle
measure
,
and
one
shilling
custome
,
ordained
by
Queen
Elizabeth
.
For
all
Coals
carried
beyond
Sea
by
any
English
man
,
pays
by
the
Chalder
for
Coals
and
Custome
,
eleven
shillings
four
pence
,
as
by
an
Act
of
Parliament
of
the
28.
of
March
,
1651.
appears
.
For
all
Coals
carried
by
any
stranger
,
payes
the
Chalder
double
,
being
for
custome
per
Chalder
,
two
and
twenty
shillings
eight
pence
,
and
Argiere
duties
,
&c.
in
all
six
and
twenty
shillings
and
ten
pence
custome
,
besides
the
price
of
Coals
and
Fraught
.
For
all
Coals
at
the
Market
in
every
Port
two
shillings
per
Chalder
Excise
towards
building
of
Frigots
.
And
for
all
Coals
sold
by
the
Tun
one
shilling
per
Tun.
And
for
all
Scotch
Coals
two
shillings
six
pence
per
Tun.
(
C
)
And
yet
notwithstanding
these
Impositions
,
Coals
might
be
sold
for
twenty
shillings
the
Chalder
all
the
year
long
at
London
,
with
greater
gain
to
the
Masters
and
Seamen
,
if
Ballast-shoars
,
were
at
,
or
neer
the
Shields
.
(
D
)
Provisions
for
the
relief
of
the
multitude
of
shipping
above
nine
hundred
sail
,
and
the
Inhabitants
there
.
(
E
)
Coals
to
be
bought
from
the
first
hand
,
then
there
might
be
as
many
more
Voyages
in
the
year
,
as
now
they
make
.
(
F
)
The
Masters
of
ships
desires
onely
their
due
measure
,
and
then
they
would
not
regard
the
odd
Chalder
given
to
the
score
;
All
which
they
are
debarred
of
most
unjustly
,
for
commonly
where
ships
takes
in
at
Newcastle
one
hundred
thirty
six
Chalder
of
Coals
,
and
expects
to
make
at
London
two
hundred
and
seventeen
,
or
else
loseth
,
besides
having
bad
coals
a
long
Voyage
,
there
are
computed
three
hundred
and
twenty
Coal
Keels
alias
Lighters
,
and
every
Keel
accounts
to
have
carried
every
year
eight
hundred
Chalder
of
coals
to
ships
,
then
judge
how
many
thousand
London
.
Chalder
is
carried
away
.
See
Chap.
23.
-
John
Wrenham
,
-
Robert
Re●x
.
CHAP.
XLVII
.
People
robbed
in
the
open
Market
,
and
others
,
onely
passing
through
Newcastle
.
A
,
C
,
E.
Three
Newcastle-men
.
B.
Isabel
Orde
.
D.
John
Williamson
.
(
A
)
ELizabeth
Lumsdel
,
upon
her
Oath
saith
,
That
one
John
Williamsons
wife
and
servants
,
having
bought
forty
pounds
worth
of
Tobacco
(
who
dwelt
at
Braughton
in
the
County
of
Cumberland
)
which
said
Tobacco
,
all
duties
of
Excise
,
Custome
or
Toul
were
paid
,
and
carrying
the
same
through
Newcastle
towards
Carliste-Market
,
one
Mr.
Huntley
,
and
Mr.
Stranguage
Merchants
,
made
*
a
seizure
of
the
said
Tobacco
and
Horses
,
by
order
from
the
Magistrates
,
pretending
it
were
Foreign
bought
,
and
Foreign
sold
,
*
and
therefore
confiscate
to
their
use
.
The
poor
people
petitioned
Sir
Arthur
Heisterigge
for
the
same
,
who
interceded
hard
with
them
for
the
restauration
thereof
,
but
it
was
refused
,
yet
they
fearing
Sir
Arthurs
displeasure
,
sold
the
Tobacco
for
thirty
pound
,
and
restored
to
the
poor
Owner
but
fifteen
pounds
thereof
.
(
B
)
This
Deponent
further
affirms
upon
her
Oath
,
that
about
the
same
time
one
Isabel
,
wife
to
Henry
Orde
sitting
in
open
Market
selling
a
role
of
Tobacco
,
who
had
paid
all
duties
,
the
said
Mr.
Huntley
,
and
Mr.
Stranguage
made
*
seizure
by
strong
hand
of
the
said
Tobacco
from
the
poor
woman
,
and
would
not
acquaint
them
with
the
reason
,
whereupon
in
passion
she
called
them
Robbing
Rascals
,
for
which
they
sued
her
poor
husband
in
their
own
Court
,
and
put
him
to
great
expences
;
she
this
Deponent
,
with
the
said
Isabel
,
hard
petitioned
Judge
Thorp
for
her
Tobacco
,
who
sent
for
the
two
Merchants
,
and
demanded
the
reason
of
their
taking
away
the
poor
womans
Tobacco
in
the
open
Market
,
who
produced
a
Warrant
from
the
Mayor
,
who
likewise
was
sent
for
,
by
name
Mr.
William
Dawson
,
the
Judge
demanded
of
him
,
by
what
power
he
durst
rob
people
in
the
Market
,
who
replyed
,
Foreign
bought
,
and
Foreign
sold
,
My
Lord
;
but
command
was
given
by
the
said
Judge
to
restore
the
same
,
but
after
departure
it
was
not
;
then
the
Judge
granted
a
Warrant
for
restoring
the
same
upon
his
going
away
,
and
when
it
was
shewed
the
Mayor
,
he
snatched
it
,
and
put
it
up
into
his
pocket
,
and
would
not
restore
the
said
Tobacco
▪
but
sleighted
the
said
Warrant
.
See
Stat.
*
3.
Ed.
1.
24.
●1
.
Ric.
2.
7
,
27.
Ed.
1.
5.
6.
Ed.
6.
9.
See
chap.
49.
51.
Eliz.
Lumsdel
.
CHAP.
XLVIII
.
(
A
)
LEttice
Hume
,
upon
her
Oath
said
,
That
no
victual
or
other
provisions
coming
in
by
Sea
for
the
relief
of
Northumberland
or
County
of
Durham
is
permitted
to
be
sold
at
Shields
,
but
all
is
compelled
to
Newcastle
by
the
Magistrates
,
and
there
ingrossed
after
three
Market
dayes
,
Tuesday
,
Saturday
,
and
Tuesday
,
and
payes
double
Tole
,
*
in
and
out
,
&
pays
double
rates
for
the
same
,
and
that
she
hath
often
known
Boats
,
and
Provisions
cast
away
,
and
peoples
lives
in
going
and
returning
from
Shields
to
Newcastle
in
stormy
weather
too
and
from
the
Market
,
namely
,
one
William
Re●
,
with
others
in
the
year
1650.
at
the
same
time
,
and
before
,
nor
never
any
Coronor
sate
upon
any
of
the
dead
bodies
,
nor
young
Mr.
Snape
,
&c.
And
that
greater
Rates
are
given
for
provisions
being
bought
up
by
the
Towns-men
,
then
might
be
had
at
the
first
hand
.
See
chap.
11.
(
H
)
44.
(
I
)
49.
(
C
)
*
Stat.
3.
Ed.
1
,
20.
23.
Ed.
3.
6.
*
Mary
Hume
,
Lettice
Hume
proves
the
like
.
(
B
)
Mr.
Richard
Blewet
,
brother
to
Commissary
Blewet
affirms
,
that
in
,
or
about
the
year
1649.
Rye
was
at
sixteen
shillings
the
Bowl
in
Newcastle
,
none
to
be
got
for
the
poor
,
but
from
the
Merchant
who
had
bought
it
all
up
,
that
the
poor
being
in
great
want
,
Sir
Arthur
Haslerigge
caused
the
said
Commissary
to
lay
out
a
thousand
pounds
of
the
publick
stock
upon
Rye
,
from
the
first
ships
that
came
,
and
to
sell
it
for
the
relief
of
the
poor
,
four
shillings
under
the
Market
,
which
was
done
.
(
B
)
The
Merchants
of
Newcastle
,
proffered
to
his
said
brother
,
the
Market
price
for
all
the
corn
he
had
bought
,
which
was
sixteen
shillings
the
Bowl
,
when
they
saw
the
said
Commissary
sell
for
eleven
shillings
per
Bowl
to
the
poor
,
and
the
Commissary
was
a
great
gainer
at
eleven
shillings
,
and
paid
as
much
as
the
merchant
.
(
C
)
And
by
reason
the
said
Commissary
did
refuse
,
some
of
them
threatned
,
if
ten
thousand
pounds
would
break
his
back
in
suit
for
daring
to
sell
Corn
in
their
Town
,
he
not
being
a
Free-man
,
it
should
.
This
Information
I
had
from
Mr.
Blewet
,
who
will
make
it
good
upon
his
Oath
,
when
called
,
and
from
Mr.
Nich.
Ogle
.
They
will
neither
doe
good
,
nor
suffer
good
to
be
done
;
much
like
the
Dog
in
a
Manger
.
See
Stat.
5.
6.
Edw.
6.
14.
23.
Edw.
3.
6.
2.
Edw.
6.
15.
5.
Eliz.
12.
CHAP.
XLIX
.
(
A
)
WIlliam
Reavely
of
Lyn
,
Master
of
a
ship
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
by
reason
of
the
ships
not
casting
ballast
at
Shields
,
above
four
if
not
five
Voyages
are
lost
in
the
year
compleat
.
(
B
)
That
all
provisions
brought
in
by
Sea
,
are
compelled
up
to
Newcastle
;
and
there
ingrossed
into
the
Free-mens
hands
,
people
often
going
to
Market
have
lost
their
lives
;
and
many
starved
to
death
in
the
two
Counties
,
which
cannot
get
to
Newcastle
market
in
the
Winter
season
,
by
reason
of
the
great
storms
of
snows
,
and
the
River
frozen
,
and
no
market
allowed
for
the
Countries
relief
at
Shields
,
where
many
thousand
of
Passengers
,
Sea-men
,
and
Inhabitants
are
,
being
twelve
miles
from
any
market
in
the
fame
County
.
(
C
)
That
he
this
Deponent
,
and
ships
company
,
hath
often
been
constrained
to
go
to
Sea
without
Bread
or
Beer
,
none
being
to
be
got
at
Shields
on
a
sudden
,
and
have
drunk
water
for
above
five
daies
,
which
hath
so
weakened
his
men
,
that
they
were
in
great
danger
of
their
lives
.
And
that
from
Newcastle
,
they
often
send
down
dead
Beer
,
and
the
Casks
but
half
or
three
parts
full
,
from
the
Brewers
of
the
said
Town
;
and
bread
wanting
above
two
pence
weight
in
the
shilling
,
and
not
looked
after
by
the
Magistrates
.
(
D
)
That
they
the
said
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
aforesaid
,
did
ruin
one
Mr.
Johnson
,
and
Mr.
Hilton
for
brewing
at
Shields
for
the
relief
of
the
ships
.
And
that
they
rooked
from
him
this
Deponent
twelve
barrels
of
beer
,
which
he
brought
from
Lyn
for
the
relief
of
the
poor
at
Shields
,
and
made
it
confiscate
;
Arrested
him
,
and
cast
him
into
prison
,
sued
him
,
and
made
him
enter
into
sixty
pound
bond
never
to
bring
in
any
more
.
Also
kept
a
bag
of
Hops
which
was
sent
to
a
friend
in
Northumberland
,
and
that
he
hath
known
them
often
do
the
like
to
others
,
they
being
Judges
,
Jurors
,
and
Witnesses
in
their
own
cause
.
(
E
)
That
they
take
excessive
Tole
*
,
above
a
peck
of
Corn
of
every
Grain
brought
to
be
sold
by
vessels
,
besides
all
other
duties
.
(
F
)
That
the
said
Magistrates
force
men
to
swear
against
themselves
*
,
and
will
not
tollerate
any
Gentleman
to
build
ballast-Shoars
upon
their
own
land
.
(
G
)
And
that
he
this
Deponent
hath
seen
ballast
Warrants
signed
by
one
of
the
Magistrates
*
,
only
for
Keels
to
carry
up
ballast
from
Shields
,
and
hath
seen
the
Keel-men
cast
it
into
the
River
in
the
South
Road
,
to
the
Rivers
great
damages
*
And
often
dirt
cast
into
the
River
by
servants
brought
out
of
the
Gates
when
no
watchmen
were
kept
.
See
ch.
39.
(
A
)
12.
4
,
14.
(
C
)
47.
(
B
)
51.
See
Sta.
27.
Ed.
1.
*
51.
Hen.
3.
15
*
.
11.
Hen.
7.
4
*
.
5.
6.
Ed.
6.
9
*
.
3.
Ed.
1.
20
*
.
17.
K.
Char.
*
William
Reavely
.
(
G
)
Hugh
Farrow
of
Lyn
,
Master
of
a
ship
upon
his
Oath
said
,
that
he
and
his
ships
company
having
lyen
so
long
at
Shields
for
a
fair
wind
with
the
fleet
,
that
when
they
had
spent
all
their
provisions
,
at
no
time
could
obtain
any
from
Shields
,
by
reason
obstructed
by
the
Magistrates
.
And
having
sent
up
his
boat
and
some
of
his
men
for
some
at
Newcastle
,
the
wind
came
fair
,
and
on
a
sudden
the
ships
all
set
sail
to
Sea
;
So
that
he
this
Deponent
must
loose
the
protection
of
the
fleet
,
and
hazard
himself
to
the
mercy
of
the
Enemy
,
or
must
leave
his
men
and
boat
behind
,
which
the
latter
he
did
,
and
was
constrained
to
drink
stinking
water
for
four
daies
,
for
want
of
Beer
,
which
might
be
conveniently
got
at
Shields
.
And
he
was
in
greater
danger
of
loosing
his
ship
for
want
of
his
men
.
Hen.
Farrow
.
CHAP.
L.
(
A
)
IO:
Gardener
of
London
upon
her
Oath
said
,
That
within
this
seven
and
twenty
years
or
thereabouts
,
she
knew
the
usual
practice
of
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
was
to
ingross
all
provisions
into
their
hands
,
as
Corn
,
&c.
and
have
kept
it
*
in
their
Corn-Lofts
‖
till
so
dear
,
and
at
such
high
and
excessive
Rates
that
most
people
could
not
buy
it
.
And
that
the
people
of
Northumberland
,
and
County
of
Durham
,
being
in
great
want
for
bread
,
that
many
were
constrained
to
let
their
beasts
blood
,
and
made
Cakes
thereof
to
eat
instead
of
bread
,
and
in
the
Spring
time
many
of
those
beasts
dyed
being
over-blooded
.
(
B
)
Other
poor
people
killed
their
Coal-horses
for
food
,
some
eating
D●gs
,
and
Cats
,
and
starved
:
Many
starved
to
death
*
,
sixteen
or
seventeen
dead
in
a
hole
together
;
and
yet
at
the
same
time
many
hundred
bowles
of
Corn
cast
into
the
River
being
*
rotten
,
and
mouldy
,
and
eaten
with
Rats
;
And
some
of
those
people
boasting
,
they
hoped
to
see
the
day
a
bowle
of
Corns
price
should
buy
a
silk
Gown
.
This
was
not
in
the
time
of
War
.
And
the
Countries
might
have
had
plenty
,
if
it
had
not
been
ingrossed
by
them
.
See
Stat.
5.
Eliz
12.
*
23.
Ed.
3
6
*
.
Jo.
Garnerer
.
Major
Will.
Burton
late
Member
of
Parlament
,
Tho.
Hesilwood
,
and
Wil
Reavely
,
proves
the
like
.
(
B
)
Richard
Tayler
upon
his
Oath
said
,
that
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
do
compel
all
Iron
and
other
necessaries
,
which
comes
in
by
Sea
for
the
Salt-pans
and
Colliers
use
,
at
and
near
Shields
to
be
carried
up
to
Newcastle
,
and
unladen
upon
their
Town-Key
at
the
charge
of
the
owner
,
and
to
pay
Toule
,
and
the
same
vessels
forced
to
sail
back
to
Shields
empty
,
and
often
such
vessels
sinks
by
the
way
;
and
their
own
vessels
must
be
hired
at
their
own
rates
to
carry
it
back
again
to
Shields
,
being
some
times
fourteen
daies
in
getting
down
thither
,
though
present
use
be
for
the
same
,
and
divers
times
cast
away
.
So
that
ships
utterly
refuse
to
bring
such
Commodities
,
to
be
put
to
such
unnecessary
and
needless
trouble
and
charge
;
And
this
is
done
constantly
,
notwithstanding
all
duties
are
paid
.
And
the
ship
or
vessel
comes
onely
for
Salt
at
Shields
where
it
is
made
,
and
not
to
Newcastle
,
where
they
have
no
business
,
See
Sta.
21.
Hen.
8.
18.
-
Rich.
Tayler
.
-
Will
.
Reavely
.
(
C
)
It
were
less
damage
to
the
Commonwealth
for
allowing
Seamen
for
their
encouragements
5
l.
Custom-free
of
goods
,
then
thus
to
be
abused
by
meer
pretences
of
l●ss
of
Custom
,
especially
by
such
who
wrongs
the
Customs
.
See
ch.
45.
(
F
)
CHAP.
LI.
(
A
)
ALexander
Symonds
of
Lin
Merchant
,
upon
his
Oath
said
,
that
all
Commodities
,
as
well
dead
vict●all
,
as
other
Merchandize
are
compelled
up
to
Newcastle
which
comes
in
by
Sea
;
And
ther
,
by
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
are
ingrossed
and
bought
up
by
them
;
nothing
to
be
landed
elsewhere
but
at
Newcastle
,
notwithstanding
all
ships
do
lye
at
Shields
,
and
passengers
;
And
often
in
stormy
weather
,
and
River
frozen
,
none
can
pass
too
and
fro
for
any
relief
from
thence
,
and
none
to
be
had
elsewhere
.
And
if
there
be
any
it
is
seized
on
by
them
of
Newcastle
,
and
confiscate
to
their
own
use
.
Namely
Beer
from
one
Will
.
Reavely
and
divers
others
,
See
chap.
11.
(
N
)
47.
(
A
)
49.
(
D
)
50.
(
A
)
Alexander
Symonds
,
and
Thomas
Cartwright
,
depose
the
like
.
(
B
)
Captain
James
Greenaway
of
London
affirms
,
that
his
ship
was
at
Shields
,
in
company
with
a
fleet
of
loaden
ships
,
where
they
all
had
lyen
a
long
time
for
a
fair
wind
,
and
had
often
spent
their
provisions
.
On
a
sudden
the
wind
came
fair
,
and
the
whole
fleet
set
sail
for
London
.
He
this
Deponent
having
spent
all
his
Bread
,
could
get
but
two
dozen
at
both
Shields
,
yet
was
necessitated
to
set
to
Sea
with
the
Fleet
,
otherwise
had
lost
their
protection
,
if
staid
till
he
sent
to
Newcastle
for
bread
.
(
B
)
The
whole
fleet
being
at
Sea
,
the
wind
came
cross
,
being
a
violent
storm
,
that
it
was
five
daies
before
they
could
get
so
high
as
Scarborough
,
some
twenty
leagues
from
Newcastle
,
and
then
the
storm
ceased
:
And
he
this
Deponent
got
ashoar
to
Scarborough
for
bread
,
when
the
wind
coming
fair
the
fleet
sailed
out
of
sight
,
so
he
lost
their
protection
and
company
.
(
G
)
He
getting
aboard
,
and
sailing
after
them
,
was
taken
by
a
Dunkirk
man
of
war
,
lost
his
ship
,
goods
,
and
money
;
his
●hip
being
worth
800
l.
goods
200
l.
and
money
400
l.
All
which
might
have
been
saved
,
if
Bread
,
Beer
and
Provisions
had
been
admitted
to
be
sold
at
Shields
.
Onely
are
hindered
by
the
tyrannicall
Power
of
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
.
James
Greenaway
.
(
H
)
John
H●ulden
,
upon
his
Oath
said
,
That
in
or
about
the
year
1648.
A
Master
of
a
ship
was
arrested
and
imprisoned
onely
for
selling
of
a
little
Corn
to
Commissary
West
,
by
the
Mayor
of
Newcastle
,
he
alleaging
the
Town
was
not
served
.
But
Sir
Ar●bur
Hazlerigge
caused
the
Mayor
to
release
the
said
Master
;
and
demanded
by
what
Power
,
Law
,
or
Right
they
ought
to
imprison
any
man
for
selling
his
own
commodity
in
the
Market
or
Key
;
And
told
Mr.
Ledger
then
Mayor
,
if
he
did
not
release
him
the
Souldiers
should
.
John
Holden
.
CHAP.
LIII
.
Many
poor
women
imprisoned
,
and
hanged
for
Witches
.
A.
Hangman
.
B.
Belman
.
C.
Two
Sergeants
.
D.
Witch-finder
taking
his
money
for
his
work
.
(
A
)
IOh.
Wheeler
of
London
,
upon
his
Oath
said
,
that
in
or
about
the
years
1649.
&
1650.
being
at
Newcastle
,
heard
that
the
Magistrates
had
sent
two
of
their
Sergeants
,
namely
Thomas
S●evel
,
and
Cuthbert
Nicholson
into
Scotland
to
agree
with
a
Scotch-man
,
who
pretended
knowledge
to
finde
out
Witches
by
pricking
them
with
pins
,
to
come
to
Newcastle
where
he
should
try
such
who
should
be
brought
to
him
,
and
to
have
twenty
shillings
a
peece
for
all
he
could
condemn
as
Witches
,
and
free
passage
thither
and
back
again
.
(
B
)
When
the
Sergeants
had
brought
the
said
Witch-finder
on
horse-back
to
Town
;
the
Magistrates
sent
their
Bell-man
through
the
Town
,
ringing
his
Bell
,
and
crying
,
All
people
that
would
bring
in
any
complaint
against
any
woman
for
a
Witch
,
they
should
be
sent
for
and
tryed
by
the
person
appointed
.
(
C
)
Thirty
women
were
brought
into
the
Town-hall
,
and
stript
,
and
then
openly
had
pins
thrust
into
their
bodies
,
and
most
of
them
was
found
guilty
*
,
near
twenty
seven
of
them
by
him
and
set
aside
.
(
D
)
The
said
reputed
Witch-finder
acquainted
Lieutenant
Colonel
Hobson
that
he
knew
women
,
whether
they
were
Witches
or
no
by
their
looks
,
and
when
the
said
person
was
searching
of
a
personable
,
and
good
like
woma●
,
the
said
Colonel
replyed
and
said
,
surely
this
woman
is
none
,
and
need
not
be
tried
,
but
the
Scotch-man
said
she
was
,
for
the
Town
said
she
was
,
and
therefore
he
would
try
her
;
and
presently
in
sight
of
all
the
people
laid
her
body
naked
to
the
Waste
,
with
her
cloaths
over
her
head
,
by
which
fright
and
shame
,
all
her
blood
contracted
into
one
part
of
her
body
,
and
then
he
ran
a
pin
into
her
Thigh
,
and
then
suddenly
let
her
coats
fall
,
and
then
demanded
whether
she
had
nothing
of
his
in
her
body
but
did
not
bleed
,
but
she
being
amazed
replied
little
,
then
he
put
his
hand
up
her
coa●s
,
and
pulled
out
the
pin
and
set
her
aside
as
a
guilty
person
,
and
child
of
the
Devil
,
and
fell
to
try
others
whom
he
made
guilty
.
(
E
)
Lieutenant
Colonel
Hobson
perceiving
the
alteration
of
the
foresaid
woman
,
by
her
blood
settling
in
her
right
parts
,
caused
that
woman
to
be
brought
again
,
and
her
cloathes
pulled
up
to
her
Thigh
,
and
required
the
Scot
to
run
the
pin
into
the
same
place
,
and
then
it
gushed
out
of
blood
,
and
the
said
Scot
cleared
her
,
and
said
she
was
not
a
child
of
the
Devil
.
(
F
)
So
soon
as
he
had
done
,
and
received
his
wages
,
he
went
into
Northumberland
to
try
women
there
,
where
he
got
of
some
three
pound
a
peece
.
But
Henry
Ogle
Esq
a
late
Member
of
Parlament
laid
hold
on
him
,
and
required
Bond
of
him
to
answer
the
Sessions
,
but
he
got
away
for
Scotland
,
and
it
was
conceived
if
he
had
staid
he
would
have
made
most
of
the
women
in
the
North
Witches
,
for
mony
.
(
G
)
The
names
of
the
prisoners
that
were
to
be
executed
,
being
kept
in
prison
till
the
Assizes
,
and
then
condemned
by
the
Jury
being
Burgesses
were
,
Matthew
Bulmer
,
Eliz.
Anderson
,
Jane
Hunter
,
Mary
Pots
,
Alice
Hume
,
Elianor
Rogerson
,
Margaret
Muffet
,
Margaret
Maddison
,
Eliz.
Brown
,
Margaret
Brown
,
Jane
Copeland
,
Ann
Watson
,
Elianor
Henderson
,
Elizabeth
Dobson
,
and
Katherine
Coultor
.
These
poor
souls
never
confessed
any
thing
,
but
pleaded
innocence
;
And
one
of
them
by
name
Margaret
Brown
beseeched
God
that
some
remarkable
sign
might
be
seen
at
the
time
of
their
execution
,
to
evidence
their
innocency
,
and
as
soon
as
ever
she
was
turned
off
the
Ladder
,
her
blood
gushed
out
upon
the
people
to
admiration
of
the
beholders
.
John
Wheeler
,
Elianor
Lumsdel
,
and
Bartholomew
H●dshon
,
proves
the
like
.
(
H
)
The
said
Witch-finder
was
laid
hold
on
in
Scotland
,
cast
into
prison
,
indicted
,
arraigned
and
condemned
for
such
like
villanie
exercised
in
Scotland
.
And
upon
the
Gallows
he
confessed
he
had
been
the
death
of
above
two
hundred
and
twenty
women
in
England
and
Scotland
,
for
the
gain
of
twenty
shillings
a
peece
,
and
beseeched
forgiveness
.
And
was
executed
.
(
I
)
The
Judgement
nor
Execution
is
not
in
question
,
nor
questioned
,
being
ordinary
;
But
onely
it
being
desired
to
know
by
what
Law
the
Magistrates
of
Newcastle
could
send
into
another
Nation
for
a
mercinary
person
to
try
women
for
Witches
,
and
a
Bell-man
to
cry
for
them
to
be
brought
in
,
and
twenty
shillings
a
peece
given
him
to
condemn
them
?
(
K
)
Queery
,
and
by
what
Law
men
are
hired
to
give
evidence
to
take
away
peoples
lives
,
and
the
convicted
estates
to
come
to
the
Jurors
,
being
extraordinary
?
The
Lord
Protector
,
commands
all
Judges
,
Justices
and
Witnesses
to
appear
to
execute
Justice
,
and
give
evidence
gratis
.
Queen
Elizabeth
by
her
Charter
grants
to
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
,
all
fines
and
fellons
goods
in
that
Town
and
Liberties
,
Zech.
11.
5.
See
chap.
58.
(
C.
D.
)
CHAP.
LV.
A.
Robert
Sharp
.
B.
A●●
Biulestone
.
(
A
)
IOhn
Wil●is
of
Ipswich
upon
his
Oath
said
,
that
he
this
Deponent
was
in
Newcastle
six
months
ago
,
and
there
he
saw
one
Ann
Biulestone
drove
through
the
streets
by
an
Officer
of
the
same
Corporation
,
holding
a
rope
in
his
hand
,
the
other
end
fastned
to
an
Engine
called
the
Branks
,
which
is
like
a
Crown
,
it
being
of
Iron
,
which
was
musled
*
over
the
head
and
face
,
with
a
great
gap
or
tongue
of
Iron
forced
into
her
mouth
,
which
forced
the
blood
out
.
And
that
is
the
punishment
which
the
Magistrates
do
inflict
upon
chiding
,
and
scoulding
women
,
and
that
he
hath
often
seen
the
like
done
to
others
.
(
B
)
He
this
Deponent
further
affirms
,
that
he
hath
seen
men
drove
up
and
down
the
streets
,
with
a
great
Tub
or
Barrel
opened
in
the
sides
with
a
hole
in
one
end
,
to
put
through
their
heads
,
and
so
cover
their
shoulders
and
bodies
down
to
the
small
of
their
legs
,
and
then
close
the
same
called
the
new
fashioned
Cloak
,
and
so
make
them
march
to
the
view
of
all
beholders
;
and
this
is
their
punishment
for
Drunkards
,
or
the
like
.
(
C
)
This
Deponent
further
testifies
,
that
the
Merchants
and
Shoe-makers
of
the
said
Corporation
,
will
not
take
any
Apprentice
under
ten
years
servitude
,
and
knoweth
many
bound
for
the
same
terme
,
and
cannot
obtain
freedome
without
.
5.
Eliz.
4.
These
are
such
practices
as
are
not
granted
by
their
Charter
Law
,
and
are
repugnant
to
the
known
Laws
of
England
.
(
D
)
Drunkards
are
to
pay
a
Fine
of
five
shillings
to
the
poor
,
to
be
paid
within
one
week
,
or
be
set
in
the
Stocks
six
hours
,
for
the
second
offence
,
to
be
bound
to
the
Good
B●haviour
,
1
K.
James
9.
21.
7.
(
E
)
Scoulds
are
to
be
Duckt
over
head
and
ears
into
the
water
in
a
Ducking-stool
.
(
F
)
And
Apprentices
are
to
serve
but
seven
years
5.
Eliz.
4.
I
was
certainly
informed
by
persons
of
worth
,
that
the
punishments
above
,
are
but
gentle
admonitions
to
what
they
knew
was
acted
by
two
Magistrates
of
Newcastle
,
one
for
killing
a
poor
Work-man
of
his
own
,
and
being
questioned
for
it
,
and
condemned
,
compounded
with
King
James
for
it
,
paying
to
a
Scotch
Lord
his
weight
in
gold
and
silver
,
every
seven
years
or
thereabouts
,
&c.
The
other
Magistrate
found
a
poor
man
cutting
a
few
horse-sticks
in
his
Wood
,
for
which
offence
,
he
bound
him
to
a
tree
,
and
whipt
him
to
death
,
related
by
William
Wall
Vintner
in
Gates-side
,
Tho.
Watson
Scrivenor
on
Sandhill
,
and
Ralph
Watson
late
Minister
in
Northumberland
.
CHAP.
LVI
.
(
A
)
FIve
and
twenty
years
ago
,
upon
the
Trial
with
the
Mayor
and
Burgesses
of
Newcastle
,
and
Sir
Robert
*
Heath
the
judgement
of
the
most
ancient
and
experienced
Masters
of
the
Trinity-House
in
London
,
were
required
in
answer
to
the
Town
of
Newcastles
objections
,
as
is
upon
Record
in
the
Trinity-House
.
(
B
)
Newcastles
saith
,
if
Ballast-shoars
be
suffered
to
be
built
at
,
or
near
the
Shields
*
it
would
hinder
the
Towns
Trade
,
and
●ndanger
the
River
of
Tyne
.
Neither
can
any
Ballast-shoars
be
built
at
Shields
below
a
ful
Sea-mark
,
or
in
any
part
of
the
River
by
any
but
Newcastle
,
by
reason
all
that
ground
to
a
full
Sea-mark
on
both
sides
the
River
,
is
the
Towns
by
Charter
from
Sparhawk
to
Headwin
streams
,
fourteen
miles
in
length
.
See
chap.
20.
(
A
)
19
(
E.
G
)
(
C
)
Answer
,
to
the
first
,
it
will
not
hinder
the
Town
of
Trade
,
but
advantage
the
whole
Nation
,
especially
that
Town
,
by
reason
double
Trade
will
be
drove
thereby
,
and
cause
Coals
to
be
cheaper
at
half
Rates
then
now
they
are
at
,
and
the
River
better
preserved
.
(
D
)
Secondly
,
it
will
better
the
River
,
for
Inning
of
void
and
waste
grounds
and
flats
in
Rivers
causeth
the
streams
to
be
more
strong
,
and
run
more
swift
,
which
thereby
will
soowr
and
cleanse
the
channel
,
and
consequently
gain
more
water
to
the
River
,
preserve
the
banks
from
falling
into
it
,
help
Navigation
,
for
the
deeper
the
water
,
the
more
Navigable
,
the
lesse
danger
,
and
more
safety
for
ships
.
See
chap.
19.
(
H
)
*
(
E
)
It
is
also
answered
by
others
,
if
the
ground
to
a
full
Sea-mark
be
theirs
;
then
why
should
they
proffer
to
King
Charles
*
two
hundred
pound
for
Jarrow-slike
,
1637.
All
which
the
water
covers
,
and
is
within
a
full
Sea-mark
.
See
20.
chap.
(
C.
D.
)
(
F
)
Also
why
should
Thomas
Bonner
the
Alderman
,
buy
Sir
Henry
Gibs
his
Ballast-shoar
to
a
low
water-mark
at
Jarrow
for
his
use
from
the
Town
(
were
it
theirs
before
?
)
(
G
)
And
why
should
Mr.
Gibson
*
swear
none
of
that
ground
which
they
claim
to
a
full
Sea-mark
is
theirs
?
See
34.
chap.
(
B.
)
(
H
)
In
the
Treasury
at
Westminister
those
ancient
Records
,
will
quickly
decide
the
controversie
,
making
it
appear
,
that
the
one
third
part
of
the
River
on
the
South-side
belongs
to
the
Gentry
of
the
Country
of
Durham
,
and
all
grounds
to
a
low
water-mark
;
and
the
like
on
the
North-side
to
the
Gentry
of
Northumberland
,
and
the
other
third
part
free
for
ships
and
vessels
to
sail
too
and
fro
,
for
the
relief
of
the
Inhabitants
.
See
Chap.
34.
(
A
)
(
*
)
(
B
)
See
Chap.
4.
(
*
)
(
I
)
It
is
too
much
,
that
the
Corporation
should
be
Lords
of
both
the
Sea
,
and
all
the
Land
.
And
it
is
too
little
,
the
Commoners
in
both
Counties
,
should
have
neither
Sea
nor
Land
,
being
born
to
all
alike
.
A
quo
Warranto
would
know
by
what
power
they
claim
one
shilling
for
every
Ballast
Bill
,
one
shilling
for
every
Salt
Bill
,
three
pence
for
every
Chalder
of
Coals
,
two
pence
for
every
weigh
of
Salt
,
and
eight
pence
the
Tun
for
all
Ballast
,
and
I
am
confidently
perswaded
(
K
)
would
void
them
all
,
for
they
are
neither
customary
,
nor
warrantable
by
Law
,
(
so
unlawful
;
)
as
for
other
duties
,
as
Tunage
and
Poundage
,
Customes
,
Lightage
,
otherwise
called
Beaconage
,
Boyage
,
for
maintaining
of
Peers
,
and
Ancoridge
with
Tole
,
it
will
hardly
be
questioned
,
except
abused
,
let
them
complain
that
are
agrieved
&c.
See
Stat.
30.
Edw.
1.
1301.
Instead
of
a
Mayor
in
that
,
and
such
like
Corporations
,
a
King
Cattelus
spirit
to
govern
,
were
better
,
who
hanged
up
all
oppressors
of
the
poor
,
for
an
example
,
whereby
he
reigned
twenty
yeers
in
peace
:
Also
a
Lud
,
who
made
good
Laws
,
and
took
away
all
usages
that
were
bad
,
and
reigned
long
in
peace
and
plenty
.
CHAP.
LIV.
His
Excellencie
,
O
liuer
Cromwell
,
Generall
of
all
the
Forces
of
England
Scotland
,
&
Ireland
,
Chancelour
of
the
Vniversity
of
Oxford
,
Lord
Protector
of
England
.
Scotland
and
Ireland
.
RG
.
fecit
.
Peter
Stent
Ex●
:
1653.
An
Act
for
a
Free-Trade
in
the
River
of
Tyne
for
Coals
,
Salt
,
&c.
(
A
)
WHereas
Trade
and
Commerce
is
become
now
more
than
formerly
the
interest
of
this
Nation
;
And
it
is
therefore
the
duty
,
as
well
as
the
wisdome
of
this
Parliament
,
to
secure
and
advance
the
same
:
And
in
order
thereunto
,
and
for
other
great
ends
of
Honour
and
Safety
to
increase
the
Shipping
,
and
incourage
Navigation
.
And
And
whereas
a
great
part
of
the
Stock
,
and
wealth
of
this
Nation
lyes
in
the
well
husbanding
and
managing
of
those
home
Commodities
of
Coals
and
Salt
,
Milstones
,
Glasse
,
the
chief
trade
whereof
is
exercised
upon
the
River
of
Tyne
.
And
in
the
County
of
Northumberland
and
Durham
.
(
B
)
And
whereas
the
Parliament
hath
been
informed
of
great
exorbitances
done
and
committed
,
by
the
Town
and
Corporation
of
Newcastle
upon
pretence
and
colour
of
Powers
,
Priviledges
,
and
Franchises
granted
to
the
said
Corporation
,
whereby
it
appears
,
(
C
)
That
the
free
and
quick
trade
of
those
Staple
Commodities
,
hath
been
much
obstructed
,
the
River
made
dangerous
,
and
in
many
places
almost
Un-navigable
,
and
encrease
of
shipping
,
so
considerable
a
Nurcery
of
Martiners
greatly
ruined
,
and
Navigation
too
much
discouraged
;
for
remedy
herein
.
(
D
)
Be
it
Enacted
,
Declared
,
and
Ordained
by
this
present
Parliament
,
and
by
the
Authority
thereof
,
That
all
former
Powers
,
Priviledges
,
and
Grants
made
,
and
granted
to
the
Town
and
Corporation
of
Newcastle
,
or
to
any
other
person
or
persons
whatsoever
for
the
conservancy
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
be
,
and
are
hereby
repealed
,
made
void
,
and
null
,
and
the
Committee
of
the
Admiralty
by
Authority
of
Parliament
,
or
any
five
of
them
,
be
,
and
are
hereby
Authorized
and
required
to
nominate
and
appoint
fit
and
able
persons
,
as
well
of
the
Counties
of
Northumberland
and
Durham
,
Seacoast
,
and
Port
of
London
,
as
of
the
Town
and
Corporation
of
Newcastle
,
to
have
the
charge
of
,
and
to
be
Conservators
of
the
River
of
Tyne
,
and
to
invest
,
and
impower
the
said
persons
,
with
all
priviledges
and
power
necessary
,
to
enable
them
for
the
better
,
and
more
effectual
carrying
on
,
and
performance
of
the
said
service
.
(
E
)
And
the
said
Commissioners
are
hereby
further
Impowred
,
and
Enable
from
time
to
time
,
to
give
,
and
prescribe
unto
the
said
Conservators
,
Rules
,
and
Instructions
for
to
observe
and
pursue
,
and
to
require
obedience
thereunto
,
and
to
receive
and
examine
complaints
,
and
to
hear
Witnesses
upon
Oath
(
which
Oath
they
the
Commissioners
or
any
three
of
them
are
hereby
enabled
to
administer
)
and
to
punish
offenders
by
reasonable
fine
,
and
punishment
by
imprisonment
,
and
to
displace
,
and
to
remove
Conservators
upon
just
and
reasonable
cause
,
and
to
lessen
,
or
adde
to
their
number
as
they
shall
see
cause
,
and
to
direct
and
order
all
other
matters
requisite
,
and
necessary
for
the
conservancy
of
so
famous
and
commodious
a
River
,
and
for
preventing
of
all
such
damages
,
mischiefs
,
and
newsances
as
may
hurt
or
ruine
the
same
,
and
to
settle
a
stipend
upon
the
said
Conservators
,
and
to
direct
the
same
,
and
other
necessaries
,
and
incident
charges
to
be
allowed
,
and
issue
out
of
the
profits
of
the
said
River
.
(
F
)
And
be
it
further
Enacted
and
Ordained
that
sufficient
and
well
fenced
Ballast
shoars
,
Keys
,
and
Steaths
be
built
and
erected
either
at
Shields
,
or
such
other
convenient
place
,
as
the
said
Conservators
,
or
the
major
part
of
them
shall
think
fitting
;
And
the
said
Conservators
are
Authorized
and
required
to
use
and
direct
all
good
wayes
and
means
according
to
such
powers
and
directions
as
they
shall
from
time
to
time
receive
from
the
said
Commissioners
of
the
Admiralty
to
prevent
and
remedy
all
damages
that
may
happen
by
losse
of
ships
,
and
mens
lives
at
Sea
,
by
casting
their
Ballast
over-board
,
or
into
the
River
,
at
unseasonable
times
,
or
unfitting
places
,
or
from
the
Ballast-shoars
,
being
carelesly
kept
through
great
winds
,
rains
,
or
other
casualties
washing
down
the
Ballast
,
and
that
from
henceforth
,
no
Masters
of
any
ships
,
or
other
vessels
,
be
constrained
to
go
up
the
River
,
and
to
heave
out
their
Ballast
at
the
shoars
belonging
to
the
Town
of
Newcastle
,
or
be
hindred
to
load
Coals
,
or
discharge
their
Ballast
,
where
they
may
with
most
conveniency
and
safety
perform
it
,
as
well
to
the
Road-steads
it self
,
as
to
their
shipping
.
(
G
)
And
further
,
that
all
Masters
of
ships
,
trading
to
the
said
River
of
Tyne
,
have
hereby
liberty
and
power
to
make
use
within
the
said
River
of
what
Ship-Carpenter
,
or
Ship-Wright
,
or
other
Artificers
or
persons
they
please
,
and
find
fittest
for
their
own
conveniency
in
times
of
distresse
and
necessity
.
(
H
)
And
of
what
able
Sea-men
they
shall
think
fit
for
Pilots
.
(
I
)
And
have
hereby
liberty
to
buy
,
or
take
in
at
any
place
of
the
said
Port
of
River
,
Bread
,
and
Beer
,
and
other
necessaries
for
their
own
spending
and
victualling
.
(
K
)
And
that
all
Goods
and
Provisions
which
come
in
by
Sea
,
for
the
use
of
the
Salt-works
,
Colleries
,
and
other
buildings
,
at
,
or
near
the
Shields
,
may
be
delivered
at
the
Shields
,
course
being
taken
for
paying
and
satisfying
all
duties
payable
for
the
said
goods
and
provisions
.
(
L
)
And
all
persons
,
who
are
willing
,
are
hereby
encouraged
,
and
have
liberty
to
build
ships
and
vessels
on
the
said
River
,
for
the
encrease
of
Trade
and
Navigation
.
(
M
)
And
that
all
this
be
done
without
any
Fine
,
Imprisonment
,
Confiscation
,
or
other
molestation
of
any
person
,
vessell
,
or
goods
,
for
,
or
in
reference
to
any
of
the
Princes
,
any
Law
,
Usage
,
Practice
,
Custome
,
Priviledge
,
Grant
,
Charter
,
or
other
pretence
whatsoever
to
the
contrary
notwithstanding
;
Provided
alwayes
,
(
N
)
And
it
is
hereby
Enacted
,
that
no
Ship
,
or
Vessell
whatsoever
,
that
shall
bring
in
any
kind
of
Merchandize
or
Grain
for
the
proper
use
of
the
Town
of
Newcastle
,
usually
coming
to
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
,
and
places
adjacent
beyond
,
shall
deliver
,
or
land
the
same
,
or
any
part
thereof
,
at
any
other
place
within
the
said
Harbour
or
Port
,
but
at
the
said
Town
,
or
as
near
to
it
as
formerly
have
been
accustomed
.
(
O
)
And
to
the
end
so
useful
a
Commodity
at
that
of
Sea-Coal
,
wherein
the
poor
of
this
Commonwealth
are
so
principally
concerned
,
may
come
cheaper
to
the
Market
;
and
that
Coal-owners
may
not
be
in
a
worse
condition
then
the
rest
of
the
free
people
of
this
Nation
.
Be
it
Enacted
and
Ordained
,
That
the
said
Coal-owners
in
the
respective
Counties
adjacent
to
that
River
,
may
,
and
have
hereby
liberty
to
let
Leases
of
their
Coal-pits
,
and
to
sell
their
Coals
to
whom
they
please
,
as
well
to
ships
,
as
else-where
for
benefit
of
the
publick
,
though
they
be
not
free
of
that
Corporation
of
Newcastle
,
due
course
being
taken
for
securing
,
paying
,
and
satisfying
to
the
State
all
duties
payable
thereupon
.
And
be
it
further
Enacted
,
That
North-Shields
in
the
County
of
Northumberland
be
made
a
Market-Town
two
dayes
in
the
week
to
be
holden
,
or
Munday
and
Thursday
,
for
the
relief
of
the
Country
,
the
Garrison
of
Tynmouth
Castle
,
the
great
confluence
of
people
,
and
fleets
of
ships
,
and
that
the
Commissioners
of
the
Great
Seal
,
be
hereby
Authorized
to
issue
out
such
powers
as
are
requisite
,
and
usually
done
to
other
Markets
in
the
Commonwealth
.
This
is
the
Copy
of
what
was
to
have
passed
after
debate
,
if
the
late
Parliament
,
had
continued
,
&c.
appointed
to
be
drawn
up
by
Order
.
Having
given
a
short
Relation
of
the
sad
Events
by
Charters
,
and
acted
by
subjects
,
I
shall
now
trouble
your
eye
and
ear
to
her
what
Kings
have
done
to
these
poor
Northern
people
formerly
.
Therefore
now
deliverance
is
expected
,
&c.
leaving
it
to
the
judgement
of
the
Reader
to
judge
whether
it
be
not
time
,
&c.
viz.
The
Danes
laid
claim
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
the
Kings
laid
claim
to
the
peoples
Lives
;
and
Corporations
to
their
estates
,
(
what
was
free
?
)
Judge
what
reason
England
hath
to
submit
to
those
Illegal
Charter-laws
,
invented
by
a
Prerogative
,
whose
usurpation
was
not
to
be
owned
,
as
by
the
sequell
appears
;
King
Harrold
who
assumed
the
Crown
of
England
to
himself
,
lead
an
Army
to
battell
in
Sussex
,
where
William
the
Conqueror
,
Bastard
Earl
of
Normandy
met
him
,
having
the
assistance
of
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
by
reason
he
was
promised
a
good
part
of
England
if
he
Conquered
it
,
at
which
place
King
Harrold
was
killed
,
and
sixty
seven
thousand
nine
hundred
seventy
four
English-men
,
In
the
year
1060.
at
which
time
he
consumed
many
Towns
,
subduing
where
ever
he
came
,
except
Kent
,
who
contracted
to
hold
their
land
in
Gavel-kind
,
all
England
else
being
over-come
by
this
said
Stranger
,
&c.
When
the
Normans
ruled
England
,
the
Laws
were
in
that
Tongue
,
but
they
being
extinguished
,
we
find
the
benefit
of
our
Laws
in
our
own
Tongue
,
and
doubts
not
but
to
be
restored
to
our
ancient
right
;
for
so
long
as
Monarchs
were
Rulers
,
Monopolies
were
in
force
,
but
now
such
power
being
thrown
out
of
doors
,
and
being
become
a
Civill
free
State
under
the
Government
of
our
own
Free-born
;
Chosen
,
according
to
the
Command
of
God
,
as
Deut.
17.
14
,
15.
by
which
Monopolizers
dare
not
assume
to
petition
for
a
revival
of
such
their
Illegal
grants
,
being
found
to
be
the
greatest
of
evills
in
a
Commonwealth
.
All
Kings
were
sworn
that
Justice
should
neither
be
bought
nor
sold
,
nor
any
hindred
from
it
;
to
ordain
good
Laws
,
and
withstand
all
Rapines
,
and
false
Judgements
.
Charters
are
no
other
than
Commissions
,
Impowring
persons
uncapable
of
the
Laws
,
to
be
Judges
and
Justices
in
every
respective
Corporation
,
which
Charter
and
Commission
is
sold
,
and
the
members
thereof
are
Judges
in
their
own
causes
.
So
Justice
is
both
bought
,
and
sold
,
besides
breach
of
Oath
,
neither
can
a
Foreigner
obtain
any
right
,
if
it
be
against
the
said
Corporation
,
so
that
it
is
right
in
these
Judges
judgement
to
do
wrong
.
I
shall
give
you
a
short
Relation
of
the
Miseries
,
the
County
of
Northumberland
hath
tasted
of
to
this
day
from
William
the
Conqueror
,
and
what
little
need
there
is
Newcastle
should
so
Tyrannize
over
them
,
&c.
WIlliam
the
Conqueror
having
killed
many
,
and
destroyed
the
land
,
and
brought
under
his
subjection
,
the
people
,
caused
such
who
did
oppose
his
forces
,
at
Ely
,
to
have
their
legs
and
hands
cut
off
,
and
their
eyes
put
out
,
and
then
gave
liberally
to
all
his
Norman
race
,
Earldoms
,
Baronies
,
Bishopricks
Honours
,
Mannors
,
Dignities
,
and
Farms
,
all
being
got
by
the
sword
;
Upon
his
Divisions
,
&c.
the
Earle
of
Flanders
sent
to
know
what
part
he
should
have
for
assisting
him
,
who
sent
him
word
nothing
at
all
,
by
reason
all
was
but
little
enough
for
himself
;
Then
he
gave
to
his
Son
Robert
Cuming
the
Earldome
of
Northumberland
,
who
in
possessing
of
it
,
acted
such
cruelty
with
his
Army
,
which
came
against
Malcolm
King
of
the
Scots
.
The
said
Robert
built
the
Castle
called
the
Newcastle
upon
the
River
of
Tyne
in
the
County
of
Northumberland
,
about
which
was
built
the
Town
called
Newcastle
,
the
Town
taking
its
name
from
the
Newcastle
,
and
not
the
Castle
from
the
Town
,
the
said
Northumberland
being
so
oppressed
,
that
they
fell
upon
Robert
Son
to
the
Conqueror
,
killed
him
,
and
his
whole
Army
;
Upon
which
William
the
Conqueror
sent
another
Army
,
who
had
command
to
kill
both
men
,
women
,
and
children
,
who
did
it
,
and
wasted
the
whole
County
,
that
for
nine
yeers
there
was
not
any
food
to
be
got
:
And
such
who
had
hid
themselves
in
Coal-pits
,
and
other
places
,
were
constrained
to
eat
Dogs
and
Cats
,
dead
Horses
,
and
mens
flesh
,
and
many
of
them
starved
to
death
,
all
which
nine
years
time
not
any
ground
tilled
.
Northumberland
being
recruted
,
and
most
shamefully
abused
by
the
Bishop
of
Durham
,
who
killed
Levisus
,
was
killed
by
them
,
for
which
William
the
Conqueror
sent
down
Odo
,
with
an
Army
,
who
totally
laid
Northumberland
to
waste
,
cut
off
the
heads
of
all
the
people
after
they
had
dismembred
them
.
Little
of
Confession
or
Repentance
was
by
King
John
,
as
was
by
William
the
Conqueror
,
for
he
upon
his
Arrest
at
the
Suit
of
Death
,
confessed
he
had
committed
many
outrages
,
and
won
England
by
the
Sword
,
and
not
by
Inheritance
,
and
was
heartily
sorry
for
the
wrongs
he
had
done
,
and
required
his
body
to
be
buried
at
Cain
in
Normandy
,
when
he
was
dead
,
they
would
not
affoard
him
a
burial-place
till
such
time
as
one
of
his
relation
was
constrained
to
purchase
so
much
ground
,
but
soon
after
they
defaced
his
Tomb
,
took
up
his
bones
,
and
brake
them
,
and
cast
them
away
.
In
the
fifteenth
year
of
King
Richard
the
second
,
the
Scots
burnt
all
the
Towns
of
Northumberland
,
and
the
North
,
as
far
as
York
,
except
Rippon
,
who
redeemed
themselves
with
a
sum
of
mony
.
In
the
sixth
year
of
King
Edward
the
third
,
1332.
a
great
Battel
was
fought
between
the
English
and
the
Scots
near
Barwick
,
where
was
killed
eight
Earls
,
fifteen
hundred
Horse
,
and
thirty
five
thousand
Foot
.
In
the
thirteenth
year
of
King
Edward
the
third
,
1339.
An
inundation
of
water
surmounted
the
Wall
of
Newcastle
,
and
broke
down
six
pearches
in
length
and
drowned
one
hundred
and
sixty
persons
neer
the
Wark
Knowl
.
In
the
year
1345.
William
Douglas
lead
into
Northumberland
above
thirty
thousand
Scots
,
and
fired
many
Towns
,
but
was
overcome
by
a
stratagem
with
Bishop
Ogle
.
The
next
year
1346.
King
David
,
King
of
the
Scots
,
entred
Northumberland
with
a
great
Army
,
and
fought
at
Nevils-Crosse
,
where
he
was
overthrown
,
himself
taken
prisoner
by
one
Copland
of
Northumberland
,
who
had
five
hundred
pound
per
Annum
given
to
him
,
and
to
his
heirs
for
ever
.
In
King
Richard
the
seconds
dayes
1379.
the
Scots
entred
England
,
and
killed
all
men
,
women
and
children
in
the
North
parts
notwithstanding
the
plague
was
sorely
amongst
them
.
1383.
The
Scots
entred
England
,
and
lead
all
the
people
away
prisoners
that
were
in
Northumberland
,
and
laid
that
County
to
waste
.
1384.
They
entred
again
,
and
did
the
like
.
1389.
The
Scots
again
invaded
England
,
where
a
great
battel
was
fought
at
O●terborn
in
Northumberland
,
where
they
were
over-thrown
,
and
eleven
hundred
killed
,
and
thirty
thousand
put
to
flight
)
who
upon
their
flight
killed
men
,
women
,
and
sucking
babes
,
and
filled
houses
with
people
,
two
hundred
in
a
house
,
and
then
shut
the
doors
,
and
fired
the
houses
.
1399.
King
Richard
the
second
,
caused
seventeen
Counties
to
be
indicted
,
pretending
they
were
all
against
him
;
with
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
Arundel
,
and
Warwick
,
and
commanded
them
all
to
give
it
under
their
hands
,
and
seals
,
that
they
were
Traytors
,
though
indeed
they
never
were
:
And
then
he
makes
them
pay
some
a
thousand
pound
,
some
more
,
some
lesse
.
King
Henry
the
fourth
;
Great
fights
were
between
Doughlas
and
Piercy
in
the
North.
And
in
the
years
1639.
and
1643.
and
1648.
It
being
well
known
to
all
,
the
misery
they
brought
upon
the
North
,
and
heavy
Impositions
both
upon
the
North
and
South
parts
,
as
appears
in
the
close
of
the
Epistle
to
the
Reader
,
&c.
It
is
no
small
mercy
that
we
now
live
so
in
peace
,
here
being
none
of
those
bloody
times
,
and
our
Ancestors
would
willingly
have
enjoyed
this
mercy
,
and
we
hunger
after
blood
which
they
wallowed
in
,
what
bloody
minded
men
are
these
?
I
wish
them
in
better
minds
,
and
to
be
contented
with
that
which
in
former
times
could
not
be
obtained
.
Many
have
admired
the
poverty
of
Northumberland
,
as
well
they
may
,
for
what
with
the
bloody
Tyrants
,
the
Scots
on
the
North
of
that
poor
County
,
and
oppressive
Corporation
of
Newcastle
on
the
South
thereof
,
bounded
in
with
the
High-lands
on
the
West
,
and
the
Sea
on
the
East
,
that
it
can
get
nothing
but
stroaks
,
and
worried
out
of
what
they
have
,
and
not
being
tollerated
to
make
use
of
their
own
,
and
cold
blasts
from
the
Sea
;
but
it
would
be
otherwise
if
such
Gentlemen
might
be
re-imbursed
for
such
sums
of
money
as
they
would
expend
to
vend
Coals
out
of
Hartly
,
Blithe
,
and
Bedlington
Rivers
,
which
be
convenient
places
to
vend
them
at
,
after
some
charge
,
which
would
be
done
,
by
having
either
their
money
again
,
or
Custome
free
,
for
some
years
to
re-imburse
them
,
which
would
not
onely
make
that
poor
County
as
rich
as
any
is
,
but
reduce
the
excessive
rates
of
Coals
and
Salt
,
and
bring
in
many
thousands
per
Annum
into
the
publick
revenew
,
&c.
enable
the
people
to
be
serviceable
,
and
abundantly
increase
Trade
and
Navigation
,
as
also
there
being
as
good
Coals
as
possibly
can
be
burnt
,
which
now
lyes
,
&c.
and
others
not
knowing
their
right
is
stript
of
it
.
But
if
one
thing
they
look
after
,
which
is
to
examine
some
Records
,
they
may
perceive
what
is
their
Rights
,
and
which
was
,
especially
in
a
book
lodged
in
the
Exchequor
,
made
in
the
year
1080.
it
being
called
Domus
Dei
,
or
Dooms
day
,
being
a
perfect
Survey
of
all
the
Lands
in
England
,
the
Rent
,
Value
,
Quantity
&c.
by
which
William
the
Conqueror
taxed
the
whole
Nation
,
and
it
goeth
by
the
name
of
the
Role
of
Winton
,
being
ordered
to
be
kept
in
Winchester
,
and
recites
the
Earldomes
,
Hundreds
,
Tythings
,
Woods
,
Parks
,
and
Farms
,
in
every
Territory
and
Precinct
,
with
Plowlands
,
Meadows
,
Marshes
,
Acres
,
&c.
what
Tenements
,
and
Tenants
,
then
the
Corporation
of
Newcastle
,
might
be
as
glad
to
keep
what
is
their
own
,
as
they
are
to
take
from
others
,
&c.
CHAP.
LVII
.
THe
reason
of
my
Collecting
these
few
Statutes
is
,
to
shew
how
they
are
intrenched
upon
by
an
illegal
Charter
,
and
pressing
upon
a
remedy
shal
,
cite
Poulton
,
which
is
,
that
seeing
we
have
all
received
,
and
allow
it
for
truth
,
that
the
ignorance
of
the
Law
,
doth
excuse
none
of
offence
;
and
also
that
the
Law
doth
help
the
watchful
,
and
not
the
sloathful
man
.
Therefore
it
behoveth
each
person
first
to
seek
the
knowledge
of
those
Laws
,
under
which
he
doth
live
,
and
whereby
he
is
to
receive
benefit
,
or
to
sustain
peril
,
and
next
with
all
industry
to
frame
his
obedience
unto
them
,
or
humbly
to
submit
himself
to
the
censure
of
them
.
And
though
we
find
by
experience
that
some
men
by
the
sluggishnesse
of
their
natures
,
others
by
the
carelesnesse
of
their
own
welfares
;
And
a
third
sort
wholly
given
over
to
pleasures
and
vanities
do
little
respect
to
know
,
and
lesse
to
obey
our
criminal
and
capital
Laws
,
being
things
of
great
moment
&
importance
,
and
therefore
do
oftentimes
taste
the
smart
of
them
,
and
repent
of
their
follies
when
it
is
too
late
.
Many
there
be
that
by
reading
,
desires
to
conceive
them
,
others
for
increase
of
their
knowledge
,
others
in
their
actions
,
to
be
directed
by
them
;
therefore
to
content
such
as
knoweth
not
as
yet
,
these
heads
that
they
may
know
what
they
condemn
,
and
do
tend
to
the
breach
of
the
peace
of
the
Realm
,
and
to
the
dislike
of
all
the
good
members
thereof
;
and
what
punishments
she
hath
imposed
upon
the
Transgressors
therein
,
and
by
whom
,
and
in
what
manner
to
be
inflicted
especially
upon
Murder
,
Robbery
,
Riots
,
Forgery
,
Perjury
,
Extortion
,
and
Oppression
,
in
any
of
which
cases
,
any
person
maketh
it
his
own
cause
,
and
doth
in
a
sort
take
it
to
be
done
to
himself
,
and
ought
to
reduce
the
Transgressor
;
Nay
his
Highnesse
by
his
Oath
,
and
all
people
else
are
bound
to
punish
them
as
being
Transgressors
of
his
Laws
and
disquieters
of
the
Peace
,
therefore
ought
to
be
rooted
out
,
as
the
Husbandman
the
thistle
from
the
good
corn
,
and
the
Gardner
his
nettles
from
his
sweet
flowers
,
wherefore
seeing
a
guilty
person
in
any
of
the
offences
aforesaid
is
persecuted
in
deed
,
or
consent
by
all
,
wishing
well
to
the
Weal-publick
,
or
their
own
private
estate
.
It
is
requisite
that
good
men
which
eschew
to
offend
for
the
love
of
vertue
,
and
evill
men
,
which
fear
to
offend
for
the
dread
of
punishment
,
should
both
know
those
Laws
,
which
they
are
to
make
use
of
,
and
the
penalties
which
be
threatned
to
the
infringers
thereof
,
to
the
intent
the
good
man
having
a
will
to
stand
,
may
trust
to
his
feet
,
remain
firm
,
and
continue
his
integrity
,
and
the
evill
man
beginning
to
stagger
,
may
bend
his
endeavour
to
stay
and
slide
no
further
(
this
labour
)
being
to
the
intent
that
the
well-meaning
man
being
made
the
better
,
and
he
or
they
that
before
were
lewdly
disposed
,
the
lesse
hurtful
,
may
all
at
the
last
meet
and
joyn
in
seeking
and
●urtherance
of
that
peace
which
will
be
comfortable
to
the
Lord
Protector
,
and
Nation
,
and
pleasing
both
to
God
and
man
.
These
Laws
are
preservers
of
the
peace
,
and
layes
heavy
punishments
,
upon
the
withstanders
,
or
deniers
thereof
they
are
his
Highnesse
Privy
Councellors
incessantly
,
respecting
the
preservation
of
his
Person
,
and
Dignity
;
they
be
as
his
Gentlemen
Pentioners
attending
daily
his
presence
to
do
him
all
Honor
and
Service
,
being
as
the
Yeomen
of
his
Guard
,
waiting
day
and
night
to
protect
him
,
for
his
protecting
the
Nation
and
them
,
and
from
all
forcible
assaults
,
and
other
perils
.
Also
they
be
as
his
great
and
goodly
Ships
,
which
hath
purchased
Freedome
on
the
Seas
,
and
now
lyes
hovering
up
and
down
as
his
Castles
,
and
strong
Forts
of
defence
as
wel
as
they
which
stand
upon
the
land
,
wherewith
he
doth
prevent
foreign
Hostility
,
represse
inward
tumults
,
&
so
keep
himself
and
the
people
in
peace
and
safety
:
Likewise
as
his
Judges
,
Justices
,
Sheriffs
,
Constables
,
and
other
Officers
,
watching
every
hour
and
moment
,
in
all
Shires
and
Counties
,
places
,
and
corners
of
the
Nation
,
to
represse
outrages
,
and
to
maintain
peace
.
To
maintain
these
Laws
,
every
good
member
hath
the
like
benefit
as
himself
hath
,
for
in
fear
of
them
,
every
person
doth
enjoy
his
life
and
limbs
in
peace
,
and
is
defended
from
the
bloody-minded
Murderer
,
and
Man-queller
,
and
the
rage
of
the
furious
Quarreller
and
Fighter
,
and
in
fear
of
them
,
the
house-keeper
resteth
in
peace
with
his
wife
and
family
under
his
own
roof
,
the
terror
hereof
doth
often
restrain
godlesse
people
from
committing
perjuries
,
frauds
,
and
deceits
,
and
impudent
and
shamelesse
men
to
wrest
from
others
by
Bribery
,
Extortion
or
Oppression
.
And
divers
there
be
who
neither
by
the
Laws
of
God
,
of
Nature
,
or
Reason
,
will
be
bridled
and
reduced
to
vertue
,
yet
by
the
penalties
,
and
fear
of
our
Capital
and
Criminal
Laws
,
do
yeeld
to
be
curbed
.
And
we
should
now
observe
with
what
care
our
Forefathers
had
from
one
Age
to
another
,
and
what
Ordinances
they
established
in
Parliament
,
that
several
Penal
,
Criminal
and
Capital
Laws
and
Statutes
,
should
be
read
,
or
proclaimed
in
Churches
,
in
Fairs
,
in
Markets
,
at
the
General
Assizes
,
and
Quarter-Sessions
of
every
County
,
at
Leets
and
Law-dayes
,
and
in
every
Inns
of
Court
,
and
Chancery
,
and
how
the
same
is
continued
and
put
in
practice
,
to
the
intent
that
the
same
Laws
,
and
the
penalties
thereof
,
should
be
heard
,
learned
,
known
,
and
understood
by
all
sorts
of
persons
,
willing
to
perceive
,
and
apprehend
the
same
.
Charter-Law
is
not
so
,
but
like
the
foul
Spirit
in
the
Air
,
still
ranging
,
never
at
rest
,
nor
will
let
others
take
any
,
never
seen
,
but
heard
in
every
corner
,
striking
at
the
pure
Law
,
to
advance
it self
,
it
forces
people
to
a
kind
of
an
Order
in
a
Town
,
and
the
whole
Nation
to
a
disorder
.
The
chiefest
reason
,
why
I
give
a
recital
of
the
Penal-Laws
,
is
,
that
the
ignorant
may
see
how
well
they
are
provided
for
,
and
not
to
be
left
blind
,
and
only
being
instructed
by
the
Extortioner
himself
,
what
they
must
pay
for
Fees
,
&c.
(
but
that
they
may
know
themselves
)
and
to
remedy
themselves
when
offended
,
for
such
Oppressors
would
discover
no
more
,
for
safety
of
their
purses
,
or
bodies
,
then
care
was
taken
formerly
for
others
souls
,
when
it
was
ordained
that
the
Bibles
should
be
in
Latine
,
and
not
in
English
,
as
appears
by
Statute
the
34.
of
Henry
8.
several
persons
restrained
from
reading
the
Bible
in
English
,
&c.
to
keep
them
in
ignorance
,
&c.
CHAP.
LVIII
.
The
Oath
of
an
Attorney
at
Law
.
(
A
)
YOu
shall
do
no
Falshood
,
nor
consent
to
any
to
be
done
in
the
Court
,
and
if
you
know
of
any
to
be
done
,
you
shall
give
knowledge
thereof
unto
my
Lord
Chief
Justice
,
or
other
his
brethren
,
that
it
may
be
reformed
;
You
shall
delay
no
man
for
lucre
or
malice
;
You
shall
increase
no
Fees
,
but
shall
be
contented
with
the
old
Fees
,
accustomed
;
You
shall
plead
no
foreign
Plea
,
nor
suffer
no
foreign
Suits
unlawfully
,
to
hurt
any
man
,
but
such
as
shall
stand
with
order
of
the
Law
,
and
your
Conscience
;
You
shall
seal
all
such
Proses
as
you
shall
sue
out
of
the
Court
with
the
Seal
thereof
,
and
so
the
Kings
Majesty
,
and
my
Lord
Chief
Justice
discharge
for
the
same
;
Yee
shall
not
wittingly
,
nor
willingly
Sue
,
nor
procure
to
be
sued
any
false
Suits
,
nor
give
aid
,
nor
consent
to
the
same
,
in
pain
to
be
expulsed
from
the
Court
for
ever
.
And
furthermore
;
You
shall
use
your self
in
the
Office
of
an
Attorney
within
the
Court
according
to
your
learning
and
discretion
.
So
help
you
God
.
See
Stat.
3.
K.
James
7.
The
Oath
of
an
Vnder-Sheriffe
,
Bayliffe
of
Franchises
,
Deputies
,
and
Clerks
of
Sheriffes
,
and
Vnder-Sheriffes
.
Stat.
27.
Eliz.
12.
(
B
)
I
(
A.
B.
)
shall
not
use
or
exercise
the
Office
of
Under-Sheriffe
corruptly
during
the
time
,
I
shall
remain
therein
.
Neither
shall
or
will
except
;
rejoyce
,
or
take
by
any
colour
,
means
,
or
device
whatsoever
.
Or
consent
to
the
taking
of
any
manner
of
Fee
or
Reward
of
any
manner
of
person
or
persons
for
the
impanielling
or
returning
of
any
Inquest
Jury
,
or
Tales
in
any
Court
of
Record
,
for
the
Queen
*
or
between
party
and
party
above
two
shillings
,
or
the
value
thereof
,
or
such
Fees
as
are
allowed
and
appointed
for
the
same
by
the
Lawes
and
Statutes
of
this
Realm
.
But
will
according
to
my
power
,
truly
and
indifferently
with
convenient
speed
,
impanel
all
Jurors
,
and
return
all
such
Writ
or
Writs
*
,
touching
the
same
,
as
shall
appertain
to
be
done
by
my
duty
or
Office
during
the
time
I
shall
remain
in
the
said
Office
,
So
help
me
Gd
,
and
by
the
Contents
of
this
Book
.
The
reason
I
write
these
Oaths
is
,
that
perjury
may
the
better
appear
to
be
punished
in
Officers
as
well
as
others
.
The
Oath
of
a
Jury
.
(
C
)
You
shall
truly
enquire
,
and
due
presentment
make
,
of
all
such
things
as
you
are
charged
withall
,
on
the
Lord
Protectors
behalf
,
the
Lord
Protectors
Council
,
your
own
,
and
your
fellows
,
you
shall
well
and
truly
keep
,
and
in
all
other
things
the
truth
present
.
So
help
you
God
,
&c.
The
Oath
of
those
that
give
evidence
to
a
Jury
upon
an
Indictment
.
(
D
)
The
Evidence
you
shall
give
to
the
enquest
upon
this
Bill
,
shall
be
the
truth
,
the
whole
Truth
,
and
nothing
but
the
truth
;
and
you
shall
not
let
so
to
do
for
malice
,
hatred
or
evil
will
;
nor
for
meed
,
dread
,
favor
,
or
affection
.
So
help
you
God
,
and
the
holy
Contents
of
this
Book
.
CHAP.
LIX
.
King
Charls
his
Oath
at
his
Coronation
,
with
his
hand
upon
the
Bible
at
the
Altar
.
(
A
)
SIR
,
Will
you
grant
and
keep
,
and
by
your
Oath
confirm
to
the
people
of
England
their
Lawes
and
Customs
to
them
granted
by
the
Kings
of
England
,
your
lawfull
and
Religious
Predecessors
,
and
namely
,
the
Laws
,
Customes
and
Franchizes
granted
to
the
Clergy
and
to
the
people
by
the
King
St.
Edward
your
predecessor
,
according
,
and
conformable
to
the
Laws
of
God
,
and
profession
of
the
Gospel
established
in
this
Kingdom
,
and
agreeing
to
the
Prerogatives
of
the
Kings
thereof
,
and
to
the
antient
Customs
of
this
Realm
?
Respons.
I
grant
,
and
promise
to
keep
.
SIR
,
Will
you
keep
peace
and
agreement
intirely
according
to
your
power
,
both
to
God
,
the
holy
Church
,
the
Clergy
,
and
the
people
?
Respons.
I
will
keep
it
.
SIR
,
Will
you
to
your
power
,
cause
Law
,
Justice
and
Mercy
,
in
discretion
and
truth
,
to
be
executed
in
all
your
Judgements
?
Respon.
I
will
.
SIR
,
Will
you
grant
to
hold
and
keep
the
Laws
,
and
rightfull
Customs
*
,
which
the
Commonalty
of
your
Kingdom
have
,
and
to
defend
and
uphold
them
to
the
honor
of
God
,
so
much
as
in
you
lieth
?
Respons.
I
grant
and
promise
so
to
do
,
and
shall
observe
and
keep
.
So
God
me
help
and
the
Contents
of
this
book
.
King
Johns
Oath
and
fealty
to
the
Pope
Innocentius
,
An.
Dom.
1213.
(
B
)
JOhn
by
the
Grace
of
God
,
King
of
England
,
France
and
Ireland
,
from
this
hour
forward
shall
be
faithful
to
God
[
](A42371-e27740-b)*
*
It
was
time
.
and
to
St.
Peter
,
and
to
the
Church
of
Rome
,
and
to
my
Lord
Pope
Innocentius
and
to
his
Successors
lawfully
entering
,
I
shall
not
be
in
word
and
deed
,
in
consent
or
counsel
,
that
they
should
loose
Life
or
Member
,
or
be
apprehended
in
evill
manner
;
their
loss
if
I
may
know
it
,
I
shall
impeach
and
stay
so
far
as
I
shall
be
able
,
or
else
so
shortly
as
I
can
,
I
shall
signifie
unto
them
and
declare
the
same
unto
you
the
Councill
,
which
they
shall
commit
unto
me
,
by
themselves
,
their
Messengers
,
and
their
Letters
;
I
shall
keep
secretly
and
not
utter
to
any
man
to
their
hurt
to
my
knowledge
,
the
Patrimony
of
St.
Peter
,
and
especially
the
Kingdom
of
England
and
Ireland
.
And
I
shall
endeavor
my self
to
defend
against
all
men
to
my
power
.
So
help
me
God
,
and
the
holy
Evangelist
,
Amen
.
See
his
reassignation
of
the
Liberties
after
this
Oath
to
the
Barons
of
the
Liberties
of
England
in
ch.
1.
(
K
)
CHAP.
LX.
The
Oath
of
a
Mayor
of
a
Corporation
.
(
A
)
YOu
shall
swear
that
you
well
and
truly
shall
serve
the
Keepers
of
the
Liberties
of
England
by
authority
of
Parliament
,
and
the
Commonwealth
in
the
Office
of
a
Mayor
,
and
as
Mayor
of
this
Town
and
Borough
of
Newcastle
,
for
and
during
the
space
of
one
whole
year
now
next
coming
;
and
you
shall
minister
equal
Justice
as
well
to
the
poor
as
rich
*
,
to
the
best
of
your
cunning
,
wit
and
power
,
and
you
shall
procure
such
things
to
be
done
as
may
honestly
and
justly
be
to
the
profit
and
commodity
of
the
Corporation
of
this
Town
.
And
also
shall
indeavor
your self
to
the
utmost
of
your
power
to
see
all
Heresies
,
Treasons
,
Fellonies
,
and
all
other
Trespasses
,
Misdemeanors
*
,
and
Offences
whatsoever
to
be
committed
*
within
this
Town
and
Borough
,
during
the
time
of
your
Office
to
be
repressed
,
reformed
and
amended
*
,
and
the
Offenders
duly
punished
according
to
the
Law
*
.
And
finally
,
you
shall
support
,
uphold
and
maintain
the
Commonwealth
,
within
this
Town
prescribed
,
Customs
,
Rights
,
Liberties
,
Jurisdictions
,
Franchizes
,
Compositions
and
all
lawful
Ordinances
of
this
Town
and
Borough
*
.
And
as
concerning
all
other
things
appertaining
to
your
Office
,
you
shall
therein
faithfully
,
and
uprightly
behave
your selfe
for
the
most
quietness
*
,
benefit
,
worship
,
honesty
,
and
credit
of
this
Town
,
and
of
the
Inhabitants
thereof
.
So
help
you
God
.
The
Oath
of
Burgesses
of
Corporation
.
(
B
)
YOu
shall
swear
that
you
well
and
truly
shall
serve
the
Keepers
of
the
Liberties
of
England
by
authority
of
Parliament
,
and
the
Inhabitants
of
this
Town
,
and
Borough
of
this
Town
,
as
one
of
the
Burgesses
of
this
Town
,
and
shall
minister
equall
Justice
to
poor
and
rich
,
after
the
best
of
your
cunning
,
wit
,
and
power
.
And
also
shall
well
and
truly
observe
,
perform
,
fulfill
and
keep
all
such
good
Orders
,
Rules
and
Compositions
as
are
or
shall
be
made
,
ordered
,
or
established
by
the
Common-Council
of
this
Town
,
for
the
good
Government
thereof
,
in
all
things
to
you
appertaining
.
And
you
shall
not
utter
or
disclose
any
counsel
,
or
secret
thing
,
or
matter
touching
the
Fellowship
or
Corporation
of
this
Town
,
whereby
any
prejudice
,
loss
,
hinderance
,
or
slander
,
shall
or
may
arise
,
grow
or
be
to
the
same
Corporation
:
But
you
shall
in
things
belonging
to
the
Fellowship
or
Corporation
of
this
Town
,
faithfully
,
honestly
*
,
and
indifferently
behave
your self
for
the
most
benefit
,
and
honesty
of
this
Town
and
the
Inhabitants
thereof
.
So
help
you
God
.
The
same
Oath
is
for
the
Aldermen
.
Where
the
Stars
are
in
the
Lines
there
will
appear
breaches
.
CHAP.
LXI
.
The
Oath
of
a
Sheriff
.
(
A
)
YOu
shall
swear
that
you
shall
well
and
truly
serve
the
Keepers
of
the
Liberties
of
England
by
authority
of
Parliament
in
the
Office
of
a
Sheriff
of
the
County
of
N.
And
do
the
Keepers
of
the
Liberties
of
England
profits
in
all
that
belongeth
you
to
do
by
way
of
your
Office
,
as
far
forth
as
you
may
or
can
.
Yee
shall
truely
keep
the
Keepers
,
&c.
and
all
that
belongeth
to
them
.
Ye
shall
not
assent
to
decrease
,
to
lessen
,
nor
to
concealment
,
of
any
of
their
Rights
or
Franchizes
,
and
whensoever
yee
shall
have
knowledge
that
their
Rights
be
concealed
or
withdrawn
,
be
it
in
Lands
,
Rents
,
Franchizes
,
or
Suits
,
or
any
other
thing
;
ye
shall
do
your
true
power
to
make
them
be
restored
to
them
again
;
And
if
ye
may
not
do
it
,
ye
shall
certifie
them
thereof
,
such
as
you
know
for
certain
will
say
unto
them
,
ye
shall
not
respect
their
debts
for
any
gift
or
favour
,
when
ye
may
raise
them
without
grievance
to
the
Debtor
.
Ye
shall
truly
and
righteously
treat
the
people
of
your
Sheriffwick
,
and
do
right
well
to
poor
as
to
rich
,
in
all
that
belongs
to
your
Office
.
Ye
shall
do
no
wrong
to
any
man
for
any
gift
or
other
behest
,
or
promise
of
goods
,
for
favour
nor
hate
,
ye
shall
disturb
no
mans
right
,
ye
shall
acquit
at
the
Exchequer
all
those
of
whom
ye
shall
any
thing
receive
of
the
Keepers
,
&c.
debts
;
ye
shall
nothing
take
whereby
the
Keepers
&c.
may
loose
,
or
that
Right
may
be
letten
or
disturbed
,
or
the
Keepers
,
&c.
debt
delaid
.
Ye
shall
truly
receive
,
and
truly
serve
the
Keepers
,
&c.
Writs
as
far
forth
as
it
shall
be
in
your
cunning
;
ye
shall
not
have
to
be
your
Under-Sheriff
,
any
of
the
Sheriffs
Clerks
of
the
last
years
passed
;
ye
shall
take
no
Bayliff
into
your
service
but
such
as
you
will
answer
for
;
ye
shall
make
each
of
your
Bailiffs
make
such
Oath
as
you
make
your self
in
that
that
belongeth
to
their
occupation
;
ye
shall
receive
no
Writs
by
you
nor
any
of
yours
unsealed
,
nor
any
sealed
under
the
seal
of
any
Justice
,
save
of
Justices
of
Eyre
,
or
Justices
assigned
in
the
same
Shire
,
where
you
be
Sheriff
in
,
or
other
Justices
having
power
or
authority
to
make
any
Writs
unto
you
by
the
Law
of
the
Land
.
You
shall
make
your
Bayliffs
of
the
true
and
sufficient
men
in
the
Country
;
ye
shall
be
dwelling
in
your
own
proper
person
within
your
Bayliwick
for
the
time
;
you
shall
be
in
the
same
Office
except
you
shall
be
licenced
by
the
Keepers
,
&c.
you
shall
not
let
your
Sheriffwick
,
nor
any
Bayliwick
thereof
to
farm
to
any
man
;
ye
shall
truly
set
and
return
reasonable
and
due
luses
of
them
that
be
within
your
Bayliwick
after
their
estate
and
behavior
,
and
make
your
pannel
your self
of
such
persons
as
be
most
meet
,
most
sufficient
,
and
not
suspect
nor
procured
,
as
it
is
ordained
in
the
Statute
,
and
over
this
in
eschewing
and
restraining
of
the
Robberies
,
Manslaughters
,
and
other
manifold
grievous
offences
,
that
be
done
daily
by
such
as
name
themselves
Souldiers
,
and
by
other
Vagrants
,
by
which
increase
in
multitude
and
number
,
so
that
the
good
people
may
not
safely
ride
nor
go
to
do
such
things
as
they
have
to
do
,
to
their
intollerable
hurt
and
hinderance
;
Ye
shall
truly
and
effectually
with
all
diligence
possible
,
to
your
power
execute
the
Statute
of
Winchester
for
Vaggabonds
.
All
these
things
ye
shall
well
and
truly
observe
and
keep
.
So
help
you
God
.
It
is
the
judgement
of
learned
Councel
,
that
Sheriffs
may
be
indicted
for
perjury
by
wilful
neglect
of
their
duty
,
as
other
persons
wilfully
or
procuringly
perjures
themselves
,
&c.
Now
to
give
some
Reasons
against
this
Arbitrary
Power
.
AS
Sir
Walter
Raleigh
,
being
to
give
a
Character
of
Henry
the
Eighth
,
prefaceth
his
Description
with
this
Introduction
,
If
all
the
Pictures
and
Patterns
of
a
merciless
Prince
were
lost
in
the
World
,
they
might
all
again
be
painted
to
the
life
out
of
the
Story
of
that
King
.
So
having
given
the
world
an
account
of
the
most
unchristian
,
illegal
,
oppressive
practices
of
the
Magistrates
of
Newcastle
upon
the
people
of
this
Nation
,
whose
either
Neighborhood
,
or
calling
,
or
condition
of
life
,
necessitate
them
to
an
intercourse
with
them
,
either
by
way
of
Traffique
or
any
other
way
,
though
forced
into
that
Port
and
Harbor
,
by
distress
of
weather
,
tempest
or
any
other
accident
incident
to
those
that
go
down
to
the
Seas
in
Ships
,
and
occupie
their
businesses
in
the
waters
;
Reflecting
on
their
Actions
,
I
may
safely
say
of
them
as
that
Noble
Knight
did
of
that
King
,
If
all
the
Pictures
and
Patterns
of
a
cruell
and
merciless
people
were
utterly
lost
in
the
world
,
they
might
be
all
painted
to
the
life
out
of
this
Narrative
,
setting
out
the
illegal
Oppressions
,
arbitrary
Exactions
,
barbarous
Murthers
practised
and
committed
by
the
Magistrates
of
Newcastle
,
both
on
their
Neighbors
,
and
the
free
people
of
this
Nation
.
There
are
two
Rules
or
Canons
in
Scripture
upon
which
all
the
Commandements
of
the
second
Table
(
and
consequently
,
all
the
duty
of
man
to
his
Neighbor
)
do
depend
.
The
First
is
,
Quod
tibi
fieri
non
vis
alteri
ne
feceris
,
What
thou
wouldst
not
have
another
do
unto
thee
,
that
thou
oughtest
not
do
unto
another
.
This
Rule
well
observed
prevents
all
injury
and
wrong
:
for
while
a
man
frames
his
own
actions
towards
his
Neighbor
,
according
to
that
pattern
which
in
his
own
breast
he
shapes
to
his
Neighbor
to
perform
unto
himself
,
hee
will
do
no
injury
,
because
he
would
receive
no
injury
;
and
this
is
the
ground
of
that
Command
or
Precept
of
our
Saviour
,
Thou
shalt
love
thy
Neighbor
as
thy self
.
The
second
Rule
is
,
Whatsoever
yee
would
that
men
should
do
unto
you
,
even
do
yee
unto
them
,
Mat.
7.
12.
and
this
rule
stirs
us
up
to
all
beneficence
,
and
doing
good
to
our
Neighbor
:
for
as
to
prevent
injuring
another
man
,
a
man
should
aske
himself
,
would
I
that
another
man
should
do
to
me
,
as
I
am
about
to
do
unto
him
?
and
so
,
love
to
himself
will
prevent
hatred
to
another
;
So
to
confer
favors
,
and
to
do
good
unto
another
,
a
man
should
aske
himself
,
would
I
require
this
boon
,
this
favor
,
this
good
turn
from
another
,
if
I
stood
in
need
of
it
as
my
Neighbor
doth
,
and
I
were
in
his
condition
?
and
would
the
granting
,
or
doing
this
favor
,
be
most
acceptable
to
me
,
and
lay
an
eternal
obligation
upon
me
?
Hence
love
to
a
mans
Self
,
will
kindle
his
bowels
of
compassion
to
his
Brother
,
and
will
dispose
him
willingly
to
do
that
good
unto
another
,
which
,
if
occasion
served
,
he
would
willingly
receive
from
another
.
These
men
of
Newcastle
regulate
themselves
in
all
their
actions
here
charged
upon
them
,
and
fully
proved
by
oath
of
men
of
undoubted
integrity
,
neither
by
the
one
Rule
nor
by
the
other
;
for
they
do
not
onely
do
those
injuries
and
wrongs
which
they
would
not
take
,
but
they
deny
those
favors
which
they
would
,
if
occasion
served
,
willingly
receive
;
Nay
,
they
do
not
onely
deny
to
do
those
favors
themselves
,
which
not
onely
by
the
Law
of
Christian
Charity
,
but
even
by
the
Dictate
of
Nature
,
and
common
Humanity
they
are
bound
to
perform
,
but
they
binder
and
deter
those
that
would
do
them
,
and
violently
prosecute
,
fine
and
imprison
those
who
have
releived
them
,
and
without
their
present
help
,
had
ship-wracked
in
the
very
Haven
,
and
perished
under
the
expectation
of
a
delayed
assistance
.
I
shall
not
accuse
all
Incorporations
as
established
Monopolies
,
but
certainly
,
It
would
not
be
amiss
for
the
honest
Burgesses
to
protest
against
the
dishonest
,
to
the
end
,
the
innocent
may
not
suffer
for
the
●●cent
;
their
Oath
is
not
to
uphold
such
act●●gs
.
the
Corporation
of
Newcastle
,
as
it
is
managed
by
those
men
,
is
of
all
Monopolies
the
most
oppressive
,
and
consequently
the
most
odi●us
Monopolie
,
rendred
so
by
those
injurious
,
destructive
,
illegal
privileges
,
which
against
all
Law
of
God
and
man
,
they
have
made
and
indulged
to
themselves
,
and
accordingly
are
rigorously
practised
by
them
:
But
that
their
monstrous
practices
may
more
clearly
appear
to
all
the
world
,
what
hath
been
scattered
and
divided
by
necessary
interweaving
of
Proofs
,
and
Depositions
,
Statutes
and
Laws
,
and
other
Supplements
,
I
shall
here
contract
into
a
narrow
compass
,
and
present
them
Brevi
quasi
Tabellâ
,
unto
the
view
of
the
world
.
Their
Tyranny
and
Oppression
may
be
reduced
to
these
heads
.
First
,
False
Imprisonments
without
any
tryal
of
Law
,
or
offence
committed
;
(
pag.
72.
89.
58.
76.
84.
87.
93.
85.
103.
59.
81.
106.
90.
)
When
the
Chief
Priest
and
Elders
of
the
Jews
desired
Festus
on
their
Information
barely
to
pass
sentence
upon
St.
Paul
(
though
a
Heathen
Judge
)
he
returns
them
this
answer
,
It
is
not
the
manner
of
the
Romans
to
deliver
any
man
to
die
,
before
that
he
which
is
accused
have
the
accusers
face
to
face
,
and
have
licence
to
answer
for
himself
,
Act.
25.
16.
On
the
unjustice
,
and
unreasonableness
of
this
course
doth
Nicodemus
oppose
the
Chief
Priests
and
Pharisee●
in
the
behalf
of
Christ
,
Doth
our
Law
(
saith
he
)
judge
any
man
before
it
hear
him
,
and
know
what
he
hath
done
,
John
7.
51.
(
p.
163.
G.
)
This
way
of
proceeding
in
Judicatory
is
most
repugnant
both
to
the
Law
of
Nature
,
as
you
see
in
the
Romans
Law
,
and
also
to
the
Law
of
God
,
which
positively
determines
,
One
witness
shall
not
rise
up
against
a
man
for
any
iniquity
,
or
any
sin
that
he
sinneth
,
At
the
mouth
of
two
or
three
witnesses
shall
the
matter
be
established
,
Deut.
19.
15.
And
if
God
would
not
have
any
man
to
be
condemned
in
any
Judicatory
by
the
testimony
of
one
witness
,
but
by
the
joynt
attestation
of
two
or
three
at
least
,
as
is
evident
by
this
Text
of
Scripture
,
and
by
many
concurrent
places
of
divine
Writ
,
as
Numb.
35.
30.
Deut.
17.
6.
Mat.
18.
16.
John
8.
17.
Heb.
10.
28.
2
Cor.
13.
1.
How
much
less
would
God
approve
of
such
tyrannical
proceedings
to
condemn
a
man
without
any
witness
at
all
,
or
ever
permitting
the
person
accused
to
take
up
an
Apology
or
just
defence
for
himself
.
Secondly
,
Forcing
men
to
swear
against
themselves
,
(
pag.
60.
72.
86.
87.
88.
91.
92.
103.
)
How
highly
were
the
hearts
of
this
Nation
inflamed
?
what
indignation
did
they
conceive
against
the
practices
both
of
the
Star
Chamber
,
and
High
Commission
,
heretofore
(
pag.
87.
)
as
laying
an
unsupportable
yoak
upon
the
necks
of
the
people
by
the
tender
of
the
Oath
ex
Officio
?
Hath
all
the
Nation
freed
themselves
from
this
bondage
by
a
good
Law
,
so
that
elsewhere
no
man
is
compelled
to
testifie
against
himselfe
,
or
where
other
witnesses
fail
;
inforced
to
accuse
himself
?
And
must
they
onely
that
come
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Magistrates
of
Newcastle
remain
inslaved
under
the
same
bondage
?
Is
this
Tyranny
lawful
at
Newcastle
,
that
is
exploded
and
cast
off
every
where
else
?
Nay
,
that
which
infinitely
heightens
their
oppression
and
wickedness
,
is
this
,
That
those
Reasons
which
were
alleged
to
justifie
this
practice
,
☞
(
pag.
188
88.
87.
86.
103.
)
both
in
the
Star
Chamber
,
and
High
Commission
,
have
no
place
of
pretension
here
.
There
the
zeal
of
Justice
,
to
let
no
sin
go
unpunished
;
and
the
Glory
of
God
,
in
the
sinners
Confession
,
and
accusing
of
himself
,
as
Joshua
abjured
Achan
,
My
Son
,
give
I
pray
thee
glory
to
the
Lord
God
of
Israel
,
and
make
confession
unto
him
;
and
tell
me
now
what
thou
hast
done
,
hide
it
not
from
me
,
Josh.
7.
19.
was
alleged
as
an
instance
to
justifie
their
proceedings
,
where
otherwise
the
Offender
could
not
be
discovered
,
either
by
evidence
of
the
Fact
,
or
testimony
of
witnesses
.
But
here
by
an
Oath
they
compel
men
to
reveal
the
secrets
of
their
hearts
to
rise
up
in
Judgement
against
themselves
,
for
no
other
end
,
but
by
their
own
confession
,
to
make
them
guilty
,
and
then
invade
their
fortunes
.
First
,
They
make
themselves
Masters
of
their
Consciences
,
(
pag.
86.
107.
99.
)
And
by
that
make
themselves
Masters
of
their
Estates
.
Covetousness
,
and
not
zeal
of
Justice
,
or
Gods
Glory
,
is
the
principle
from
whence
they
act
.
Thirdly
.
Imposing
Fines
Arbitrarily
(
p.
23.
(
●
)
31.
(
R
)
44.
60.
84.
87.
90.
91.
93.
117.
24.
109.
110
92.
16.
)
and
then
no
wonder
if
they
be
excessive
,
exceeding
both
the
Merrit
of
the
crime
pretended
,
or
the
ability
of
the
Offender
.
How
great
a
temptation
is
it
to
Justice
,
to
be
severe
and
ridged
in
its
sentence
,
when
the
punishment
of
the
Offendor
is
the
inriching
of
them
that
passe
the
sentence
?
(
nay
the
Judges
themselves
are
the
grand
Offenders
and
goe
unpunished
,
(
p.
77.
78.
79
)
and
so
it
is
here
at
Newcastle
.
(
p.
81.
☜
(
Q
)
p.
91.
(
C
)
p.
90.
(
H
)
p.
103.
(
D
)
p.
110.
)
One
reason
that
induced
some
sages
of
the
Law
to
affirme
that
the
latter
Kings
of
England
had
evested
themselves
of
their
power
to
sit
Personally
in
their
Courts
of
Justice
,
and
deligated
it
to
,
and
invested
the
Judges
of
the
respective
Benches
therewith
,
was
,
because
in
Imposing
of
Fines
the
King
was
both
a
Judge
and
party
interested
,
not
only
as
the
fountain
of
Justice
to
be
administred
unto
the
people
,
but
as
the
person
into
whose
exchequers
and
treasury
,
the
laws
of
England
paid
their
Fines
.
But
the
Magistrates
of
Newcastle
injoy
those
privileges
,
which
were
thought
unbeseeming
the
Kings
of
England
.
They
are
both
Judges
and
Parties
.
They
estimate
the
offence
,
and
receive
the
fine
,
and
then
how
frequently
covetousnesse
and
self-interest
,
sit
on
the
Bench
in
the
place
of
Justice
,
(
p.
35.
)
the
world
may
easily
Judge
;
as
appeares
in
the
case
of
Lewis
Frost
,
and
unjust
Judge
Bonner
,
hee
having
two
pence
halfpenny
of
all
ballast
,
☜
and
the
other
Catchpole
Bonner
to
arrest
the
refusers
.
Fourthly
.
Pag.
70
,
99
,
101
,
102
,
104
,
106
,
155
,
166.
Obstructing
all
indeavours
for
grant
of
a
Market
at
North-sheilds
,
six
miles
from
Newcastle
,
and
in
another
County
,
and
12
miles
from
any
other
Market
in
the
same
County
,
and
then
robbing
people
of
their
commodities
,
in
their
own
markets
,
and
seizing
on
goods
carried
through
their
Town
,
alledging
Forraigne
bought
and
Forraigne
sold
.
Markets
were
for
conveniences
,
and
not
for
ingrossing
all
provisions
and
peoples
lives
(
p.
87.
)
Fifthly
,
For
imprisoning
poor
Artificers
(
p.
84.
85.
80.
)
for
working
in
their
own
Trades
,
at
the
Town
of
Sheilds
,
though
in
another
County
,
and
detaining
them
untill
they
enter
into
bond
never
to
work
there
again
,
which
is
to
engage
themselves
to
abandon
and
renounce
that
calling
wherein
they
were
brought
up
,
to
expose
themselves
,
their
Wives
and
Children
to
want
and
beggery
,
or
else
to
turn
vagabons
,
(
p.
181.
)
and
desert
the
place
of
their
habitations
,
being
by
these
mens
tyranny
,
necessitated
to
leave
their
Callings
or
their
Dwellings
;
what
sad
fate
hangs
over
the
poor
Inhabitants
of
this
Town
,
to
be
deprived
of
the
Common
privileges
of
English
men
,
shall
I
say
?
nay
despoyled
of
the
Common
privileges
of
mankind
,
In
the
sweat
of
their
browes
to
eat
their
own
bread
,
Genesis
3.
19.
and
to
yeild
obedience
to
that
precept
of
St.
Paul
.
Let
him
labour
,
working
with
his
hands
the
thing
that
is
good
,
that
hee
may
have
to
give
to
him
that
needeth
,
Ephesians
4.
28.
Or
that
of
the
same
Apostle
1.
Thes:
4.
11.
and
2.
Thes.
3.
10
,
11
,
12.
The
Character
of
Newcastle
,
or
rather
indeed
the
usurped
power
of
the
Magistrates
there
,
supercedes
the
Commandements
of
God
,
Let
every
man
,
saith
St.
Paul
,
abide
in
the
same
Calling
wherein
hee
is
called
,
1.
Cor.
7.
20.
If
hee
doth
,
say
the
Magistrates
of
Newcastle
,
hee
shall
not
abide
in
sheilds
,
nor
in
the
Neighbourhood
of
our
Corporation
:
as
if
they
were
a
limbe
of
the
Beast
;
so
that
no
man
may
work
,
(
p.
72.
165.
)
or
buy
,
or
sell
,
save
hee
that
hath
their
mark
.
Revel.
13.
17.
That
is
,
unlesse
hee
be
a
Member
of
that
freedome
,
which
ingrosseth
so
much
freedome
to
themselves
,
that
they
leave
no
freedome
at
all
to
their
poor
Neighbours
.
(
p.
104.
)
Sixtly
,
(
p.
69.
70.
76.
(
A
)
84.
85.
73.
)
Imprisoning
all
that
are
not
free
of
their
Corporation
that
shall
indeavour
to
save
ships
in
distresse
,
from
perishing
in
the
River
,
and
when
they
are
sunk
for
want
of
help
,
seizing
the
goods
of
the
Masters
,
&
also
imprisoning
their
persons
(
72
)
many
months
.
Let
the
world
,
wheresoever
it
is
most
savage
,
most
barbarous
,
shew
such
an
instance
of
such
an
aggregation
of
injustice
,
oppression
and
cruelty
as
this
,
and
(
as
wee
say
,
let
them
carry
their
coals
)
If
not
to
save
life
bee
to
kill
,
and
if
not
to
doe
good
when
an
opportunity
is
offered
unto
us
,
is
to
doe
evill
,
as
in
our
Saviours
Doctrine
certainly
it
is
,
Mark
3.
4.
Then
not
to
save
a
ship
(
p.
165.
)
I
and
perhaps
the
Mariners
and
passengers
lives
too
(
72
)
when
they
have
an
opportunity
,
nay
when
they
are
earnestly
intreated
,
and
their
help
implored
,
is
in
Gods
accompt
all
one
as
if
they
had
sunk
the
ship
and
drowned
the
men
,
(
p.
80.
)
Hee
that
doeth
not
prevent
a
mischeif
when
it
is
in
his
power
to
doe
it
,
is
in
Gods
accompt
the
contriver
and
the
Author
of
it
;
but
that
which
is
the
great
aggravation
of
their
oppression
in
this
kind
,
and
heightneth
it
beyond
any
parallell
is
,
they
deny
all
help
to
ships
in
distresse
(
p.
71.
)
that
so
making
ship-wrack
(
p.
18.
19.
70.
71.
72.
81.
73.
75.
84.
)
That
which
in
this
is
usually
alleged
to
take
off
from
the
horridnesse
of
their
Tyranny
is
(
viz.
)
That
they
must
send
for
help
from
Newcastle
,
signifies
nothing
,
Newcastle
being
7
miles
from
that
Harbour
of
Sheilds
.
Whilst
the
grasse
grows
the
steed
starves
,
as
the
proverb
tells
us
,
and
while
help
is
expected
the
ship
is
lost
.
If
these
men
could
command
the
wind
and
Seas
,
not
to
rage
and
swell
,
but
be
hushed
into
a
calme
,
and
the
River
kept
from
friezing
(
p.
59.
78.
102.
105.
72.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
)
untill
they
sent
down
help
from
Newcastle
,
their
reply
might
be
admitted
;
but
since
the
Wind
,
Sea
and
Ice
,
are
not
controllable
by
their
charter
,
What
abominable
Tyranny
:
what
savage
inhumanity
,
is
it
to
deny
ships
in
distresse
,
such
help
as
is
at
hand
,
to
preserve
themselves
?
Cases
of
necessity
make
voyd
proprieties
,
that
which
without
the
case
of
necessity
is
theft
;
In
the
case
of
necessity
is
not
theft
.
Men
doe
not
dispise
a
theif
,
if
hee
steale
to
satisfy
his
soul
when
hee
is
hungry
,
Proverb
:
6.
30.
and
the
Law
saith
,
when
thou
comest
into
thy
Neigbours
vineyard
,
thou
maist
eat
grapes
thy
fill
at
thine
own
pleasure
,
Deut:
23.
24.
In
case
of
extreame
necessity
,
that
all
things
are
Common
,
is
the
joynt
opinion
of
all
Divines
.
This
is
the
Law
of
Nature
,
and
therefore
not
to
be
over-ruled
by
any
positive
Law
,
of
any
Kingdome
or
Common-wealth
;
for
in
these
cases
of
extream
necessity
,
the
person
in
this
condition
,
taking
that
which
is
anothers
,
is
not
guilty
of
theft
,
for
Jure
suo
uti●ur
,
as
the
Casuists
determine
,
hee
doth
but
make
use
of
his
own
right
;
nor
doth
it
come
under
the
definition
of
theft
,
which
is
,
taking
away
that
which
is
another
mans
,
without
his
consent
:
for
as
necessity
alters
the
property
,
and
makes
it
his
own
,
so
while
he
makes
use
of
his
own
right
,
the
other
tenetur
consentire
,
is
bound
to
give
his
consent
,
and
to
acquiesce
in
the
others
injoyment
of
it
.
And
therefore
in
all
positive
Laws
whereby
property
is
distinguished
,
there
is
none
of
them
,
which
hold
in
case
of
extream
Necessity
:
and
shall
extream
Necessity
entitle
a
man
to
a
part
of
another
mans
reall
possession
,
by
which
there
is
Damnum
emergens
,
some
dammage
or
diminution
of
the
goods
and
possession
of
the
owner
,
and
yet
free
the
invador
from
all
imputation
of
injustice
or
usurpation
?
And
shal
not
a
poor
Master
of
a
ship
in
case
of
extream
Necessity
,
(
p.
72.
71.
102.
73.
69.
74.
)
dispence
with
the
Privileges
,
and
Charter
of
Newcastle
,
which
at
most
,
can
be
but
lucrum
cessans
,
a
suspension
of
their
Privileges
and
gaine●
;
and
make
use
of
such
helps
for
his
preservation
as
providence
affords
,
without
running
the
danger
of
sending
for
,
and
waiting
the
help
from
Newcastle
;
without
the
ruine
of
those
that
save
him
?
shall
not
extream
Necessity
,
which
is
an
Apology
for
all
the
world
,
bee
his
just
Apology
,
to
plead
his
excuse
in
this
case
,
and
free
him
and
his
helpers
from
the
tyranny
and
persecution
of
the
Magistrates
?
3.
The
prophet
Isaiah
,
tels
us
of
some
Magistrates
that
were
companions
of
theeves
,
Isaiah
1.
23.
Ezekiel
tels
us
of
others
,
that
were
like
evening
Wolves
,
ravening
for
their
prey
,
Ezekiel
22.
27.
and
Zephany
,
of
others
,
that
were
,
like
roaring
Lyons
Zeph
:
3.
3.
if
any
man
doubt
,
whether
these
Characters
of
oppressive
Magistrates
,
be
applicable
to
these
of
Newcastle
,
I
shall
say
no
more
to
them
,
than
our
Saviour
did
to
Nathaniel
in
an
other
case
,
come
and
see
.
Joh.
1.
46.
Seventhly
.
Prohibiting
Gentlemen
and
others
in
the
Counties
both
of
Northumberland
and
Durham
,
to
sell
their
Coals
to
ships
to
be
transported
to
London
,
compelling
all
owners
of
Colleries
,
to
sell
their
Coals
to
themselves
first
,
if
any
shall
presume
to
sell
their
Coals
immediately
to
the
ships
,
without
taking
them
in
the
way
,
they
seize
upon
such
Coals
,
upon
pretence
that
the
owners
of
the
Coals
are
not
free
of
their
Corporation
,
(
pag.
20.
94.
92.
93.
95.
96.
☜
97.
45.
78.
76.
75.
37.
190
162.
D.
)
And
if
this
be
not
a
Monopoly
,
of
as
high
a
nature
,
and
producing
as
ill
effects
,
and
those
of
as
large
extent
,
as
any
,
that
(
to
the
great
content
and
satisfaction
of
the
Nation
)
hath
b●en
abolished
,
let
the
*
world
judge
.
A
Welch
Pedigree
,
doth
not
descend
by
more
steps
and
degrees
,
than
the
propriety
of
their
coals
is
varied
,
while
it
is
derived
from
the
Owner
of
the
Collery
,
unto
him
that
at
last
buyes
the
commodity
to
spend
it
,
as
well
Trades
as
others
.
The
Owners
of
Colleries
,
must
first
sell
the
Coals
to
the
Magistrates
of
Newcastle
,
the
Magistrates
to
the
Masters
of
ships
,
the
Master
of
ships
to
the
Woodmongers
or
Wharfingers
,
and
they
to
those
that
spend
them
:
Every
change
of
the
propriety
adding
to
,
and
enhancing
the
price
of
the
Coals
,
thus
interchangeably
bought
and
sold
;
which
course
,
as
it
picks
some
money
out
of
the
purses
of
every
man
that
buys
Coals
,
besides
bad
[
](A42371-e36690-b)*
*
Wh●ch
now
as
the
case
stands
the
City
is
cheated
in
buying
of
Slats
as
well
as
Coals
p.
45.
Coals
being
therby
vented
,
so
it
grinds
the
faces
of
the
poor
,
who
in
these
latter
years
,
by
reason
mainly
of
this
Monopolizing
of
them
,
have
found
it
as
hard
a
matter
to
fortifie
themselves
against
cold
,
as
against
hunger
,
(
p.
104.
)
Whereas
,
if
the
owners
of
every
Collery
had
free
liberty
to
sell
(
p.
118.
)
his
Coals
to
ships
immediately
,
Tinmouth
Haven
would
afford
Two
hundred
thousand
Chaldrons
of
Coals
in
the
year
more
than
now
are
vented
,
which
would
reduce
the
late
exorbitant
excessive
rates
of
Coals
in
the
City
of
London
(
p.
60.
75.
)
to
under
twenty
shillings
a
Chalder
all
the
year
,
Winter
as
well
as
Summer
,
and
bring
into
the
common
Treasury
above
Forty
thousand
pounds
per
annum
,
(
p.
57.
94.
96.
)
Some
owners
of
Coal-pits
will
rather
let
their
pits
be
fired
,
like
those
at
Benwell
,
and
consume
,
than
let
their
Coals
to
the
Magistrates
of
Newcastle
.
If
the
Coal-owners
in
each
County
from
whence
all
Coals
come
should
be
as
refractory
to
the
Magistrates
in
denying
their
Coals
,
as
the
Magistrates
are
to
the
Masters
(
pag.
97.
93.
92.
)
few
or
none
would
be
brought
to
London
,
or
any
Revenue
raised
.
Eighthly
,
Forcing
all
ships
up
the
River
six
miles
,
amongst
dangerous
Sands
,
Shelves
,
and
the
bulks
of
sunk
ships
(
p.
69
,
70
,
71.
72
,
78
,
93
)
that
so
they
may
cast
out
their
Ballast
upon
their
Shoars
,
and
all
for
the
greediness
of
receiving
eight
pence
for
every
Tun
of
Ballast
,
which
hath
occasioned
the
spoil
and
loss
of
many
ships
,
to
the
utter
undoing
of
the
Masters
and
Owners
of
the
ships
,
and
the
destruction
of
the
lives
of
many
poor
Seaman
,
and
Mariners
,
whose
blood
will
be
required
at
their
hands
who
put
them
on
those
dangers
in
which
they
perished
.
Besides
their
choaking
up
the
most
part
of
that
River
,
by
forcing
the
Ballast
up
their
Sandy
hils
near
the
said
Town
of
Newcastle
,
many
thousand
Tuns
whereof
is
blown
and
washed
down
into
that
River
,
(
pag.
78.
)
They
will
neither
preserve
the
River
,
nor
let
Doctor
Swinbourn
Vice
Admiral
for
the
County
of
Durham
doe
it
,
who
hath
fined
some
of
the
Magistrates
hundreds
of
pounds
for
Damages
,
&c.
Lastly
,
Countenancing
their
Officers
in
their
oppressions
,
nay
,
in
their
very
murthers
,
as
in
the
case
of
Thomas
R●tter
with
others
,
who
having
forfeited
their
lives
to
Justice
for
killing
Ann
the
wise
of
Th●mas
Cliff
of
North-Shields
,
was
by
their
power
and
favor
rescued
from
that
death
,
which
they
justly
deserved
(
p.
80.
)
God
would
not
suffer
his
Altar
to
be
a
Sanctuary
to
a
wilful
Murtherer
,
neither
would
King
John
their
Patron
,
(
pag.
34.
)
If
a
man
come
presumptuously
upon
his
Neighbor
to
slay
him
,
thou
shalt
take
him
from
mine
Altar
,
that
he
may
die
,
Exo.
21.
14.
The
Law
of
England
d●fines
what
murther
is
,
pa.
165.
Blood
defileth
the
Land
,
and
the
Land
cannot
be
cleansed
of
the
blood
that
is
shed
therein
,
but
by
the
blood
of
him
that
shed
it
,
Numb
.
35.
33.
When
therefore
God
shall
make
inquisition
,
they
that
staid
him
that
offered
●iolence
to
the
blood
of
his
N●ighbor
,
and
should
have
gone
to
the
pit
,
Prov.
20.
17.
will
be
found
to
communicate
in
this
murder
,
and
involved
in
the
same
guilt
with
him
that
committed
it
,
but
the
good
God
be
merciful
to
them
that
have
not
approved
or
consented
to
this
wickedness
;
For
though
our
eyes
did
see
this
blood
,
yet
our
hands
did
not
shed
it
;
and
therefore
let
every
one
that
would
wash
his
hands
clean
from
that
blood
,
pray
,
as
God
prescribed
,
Be
merciful
,
O
Lord
,
unto
thy
people
Israel
,
whom
thou
hast
redeemed
,
and
lay
not
innocent
blood
unto
thy
people
Israels
charge
,
Deut.
21.
7
,
8.
Thus
have
I
given
you
a
short
view
of
the
tyrannical
oppressive
practices
of
the
Magistrates
of
Newcastle
,
whose
sin
receives
no
smal
aggravation
from
their
Office
and
Calling
,
in
that
they
are
Magistrates
,
whom
God
hath
furnished
with
Authority
to
that
end
,
that
they
might
prevent
and
redress
Injuries
done
by
others
,
and
execute
wrath
upon
evill
doers
,
Rom.
13.
So
that
in
their
oppressions
,
they
sin
against
the
very
end
of
their
Calling
,
they
transform
the
very
Image
of
Gods
Power
and
Justice
,
which
they
sustain
,
into
the
Image
of
Gods
enemy
,
Satan
,
whom
herein
they
resemble
,
and
become
after
a
sort
wickednesses
in
high
places
,
as
the
Devils
are
;
for
amongst
them
,
as
much
as
any
where
,
is
that
of
Solomon
verified
,
I
saw
under
the
Sun
the
place
of
Judgement
,
that
wickedness
was
there
,
and
the
place
of
righteousness
,
that
iniquity
was
there
,
Eccles.
3.
16.
And
although
attempts
hitherto
,
and
all
indeavors
for
redress
of
these
oppressive
courses
,
have
proved
abortive
and
fruitless
,
No
man
compassionating
the
people
with
Saul
,
so
much
as
to
aske
,
What
ayleth
this
people
that
they
weep
,
1
Sam.
11.
5.
No
,
after
many
addresses
,
Petitions
,
Remonstrances
,
and
Sutes
at
Law
,
being
stifled
by
the
instigation
of
corrupt
persons
then
in
power
,
and
obstructed
by
the
mutability
and
changes
,
we
have
too
just
reason
to
complain
with
Solomon
,
Behold
the
tears
of
such
as
were
oppressed
,
and
they
had
no
comforters
,
and
on
the
sides
of
their
Oppressors
there
was
power
,
but
they
,
the
oppressed
,
had
no
comforter
,
Eccles.
4.
1.
Yet
at
this
time
we
are
not
without
good
hopes
,
but
that
the
cries
of
the
poor
and
the
oppressed
will
enter
into
the
ears
and
hearts
of
this
present
Power
,
That
they
will
be
as
a
hiding
place
from
the
winde
,
and
a
covert
from
the
tempest
,
as
Rivers
of
waters
in
a
dry
place
,
as
the
shadow
of
a
great
Rock
in
a
weary
Land
,
Isa.
32.
2.
But
if
our
hopes
now
fail
us
,
we
must
sit
down
and
sigh-out
that
of
Solomon
,
If
thou
seest
the
oppression
of
the
poor
,
and
violent
perverting
of
Judgement
and
Justice
in
a
Province
,
marvail
not
at
the
matter
,
for
hee
that
is
higher
than
the
Highest
regardeth
,
and
there
he
Higher
than
they
,
Eccles.
5.
8.